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II 


El  libris  W.  P.  M.  KENNEDY 


* 


LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF 
THOMAS    CROMWELL 

BY 

ROGER  BIGELOW  MERRIMAN 

A.M.  H.VKV.  .  B.LiTT.  Oxo.v. 
WITH    A   PORTRAIT   AND   FACSIMILE 


VOL.  II 
LETTERS  FROM   1536,  NOTES,  INDEX 


OXFORD 
AT   THE   CLARENDON   PRESS 

1902 


DEC       2  1941 


HENRY  FROWDE,  M.A. 

rOUSHER  TO  THE  CXIVERSTTY  OP  OXFORD 

LONDON,  EDINBURGH 

NSW   YORK 


CONTENTS 

VOLUME   I 

CHAPTER  PAGE 

I.    THE  ANCESTRY  AND  EARLY  LIFE  OF  THOMAS 

CROMWELL .       i 

APPENDIX.  PASSAGES  FROM  CHAPUYS,  POLE, 
BANDELLO,  AND  FOXE  .  .  .  .  17 

II.    THE  PARLIAMENT  OF  1523      ....      27 

III.  WOLSEY'S  SERVANT 47 

APPENDIX.  THE  WILL  OF  THOMAS  CROM- 
WELL   56 

IV.  THE  FALL  OF  THE  CARDINAL        ...      64 

V.    THE   CHARACTER    AND    OPPORTUNITY    OF 

THOMAS  CROMWELL 77 

VI.    IN  THE  KING'S  SERVICE  .       .  89 

APPENDIX.  .THE  SUPPLICATION  OF  THE 
COMMONS  AGAINST  THE  ORDINARIES  .  .  104 

VII. .  INTERNAL  POLICY  .       .       .       .       .       .112 

VIII.    IRELAND,  WALES,  SCOTLAND,  CALAIS   .       .147 

IX.    THE  MONASTERIES 165 

X.    THE  PILGRIMAGE  OF  GRACE,  1536 .       .       .180 

XI.    CARDINAL  POLE 202 

XII.    THE  FOREIGN  POLICY 213 

XIII.    THE   CATHOLIC   REACTION  AND  THE  AL- 
LIANCE WITH  CLEVES 242 

APPENDIX.  REPORTS  OF  THE  LUTHERAN 
AMBASSADORS  TO  ENGLAND  IN  1539  AND 
1540 272 


iv  CONTKNTS 

CHAPTER  PAGE 

XIV.    THE  FALL  OF  THOMAS  CROMWELL        .       .281 

APPENDIX.  PASSAGES  FROM  FOXE:  CROM- 
WELL'S SPEECH  AND  PRAYER  ON  THE 
SCAFFOLD 303 

XV.    THE  WORK  OF  THOMAS  CROMWELL      .       .    305 

PREFATORY  NOTE  TO  CROMWELL'S  LETTERS 
CROMWELL'S  LETTERS  :  15*3-3° 

1531 

1532 

1533 

1534 


•• 


1535 


VOLUME   II 

CROMWELL'S  LETTERS  :  1536      .....       i 

J537  ....     50 


1539                                    •  166 

„                           1540                                   .  244 

AN  ITINERARY  OF  THOMAS  CROMWELL,  1523-40       .  279 

A  LIST  OF  THE  MINOR  PREFERMENTS  OF  THOMAS 
CROMWELL,  AND  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  HIS  ARMS 

AND  CREST    ........  283 

NOTES  TO  LETTERS      .......  285 

LIST  OF  AUTHORITIES        ......  313 

INDEX   ..........  319 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

PORTRAIT  OF  THOMAS  CROMWELL       .  Frontispiece  to  vol.  i 

FACSIMILE  OF  A  LETTER  FROM  THOMAS  CROMWELL 

TO  LORD  LISLE,  AUG.  30,  1538       .  Frontispiece  to  vol.  ii 


LETTERS 
135.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  118  ;  Cal.  x.  16.    Jan.  3  (1536). 

The  bearer  will  give  him  the  King's  answer  to  his  letter  of  Dec.  25. 
Requests  him  to  labour  for  the  delivery  of  the  ships  at  Bordeaux. 
Promises  to  pay  Peter  Lark. 

Aftre  my  moost  harty  co;/;mendac/bns  by  this  berer 
Mr.  Walloppes  seruaunt  your  lordshippe  shall  receyvc  the 
kingrj  highnes  answer  to  your  \ettcrzs  writen  to  me  the  xxvth 
of  the  last  moneth,  the  contents  wherof  I  doubt  not  but 
youe  wil  w/t//  suche  dexteritie  setfurth  as  ye  may  obteyne 
present  delyuerance  of  the  shippes  deteyned  at  burdeulx 
whiche  his  grace  moche  desireth,  and  hath  in  that  matier 
more  relented  thenne  he  was  determyned,  as  by  the  said 
\etteres  ye  shal  p^rceyve.  To  morowe  I  shall  not  fayle  to  paye 
your  scruaunt  peter  lark  money  to  be  conveyed  vnto  youc, 
according  to  your  request  and  desire.  And  thus  for  this 
tyme  moost  hartely  fare  youe  well.  From  Eltham  the  third 
of  January 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lorde  My  lord  of  Winchestre 
the  k'mges  Ambassadowr  in  fraunce. 

Endd.  From  Eltham  thridde  of  Janua[ry].  Mr.  Secret- 
[ary]. 

136.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER  AND  WALLOP. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  126  ;  Cal.  x.  54.    Jan.  8  (1536). 

Requests  them  to  use  caution  in  communicating  the  news  of  Katherine's 
death  to  Francis.  In  the  postscript,  written  at  the  King's  command, 
they  are  further  urged  to  be  less  cordial  to  the  French  King  in  view 
of  the  probability  of  a  reconciliation  of  England  and  Spain. 

Aftre  my  moost  harty  cowmendac/ons  to  your  Lordship 
and  in  like  maner  to  youe  Maister  Wallop,  being  here  nowe 
at  london,  and  having  receyved  k/teres  of  the  departure 
yesterdaye  of  the  princesse  douagier  whose  soule  god  pardon, 

MERKIMAN.      II  B 

DA 


2  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

to  thintcnt  ye  may  aswell  declare  the  same  to  the  frenche 
king  if  ye  haue  occasion  to  speake  vtit/t  him  befor  ye  shall 
receyve  any  other  1/7/fcrcs.  As  knowing  the  state  here  vse 
yourself  theraftre  in  your  preceding*-*  I  thought  I  could  no 
lesse  doo,  thennc  iwmediatly  adu/rtise  youc  of  the  same, 
whiche  vppon  this  myn  adurrtisement  ye  maye  be  bold,  being 
the  same  certainly  true,  to  speake  as  ye  shall  hauc  cause  and 
thinkc  convenient  for  the  advauncement  of  the  kingr s  highnes 
affares  temp/ring  yowr  doings  there  in  suche  matiers  as  ye  haue 
nowe  in  treatie,  by  the  same,  as  by  your  wiscdomes  ye  shall 
thinke  may  best  srrue  for  the  kinge  highnes  pwrpose  in  that 
behaulf.  And  thus  in  hast  moost  hartely  fare  you  well  from 
the  Roulles  the  viii"1  of  January  at  night. 

Yo//r  lordshippis  and  yo«r 
assuryd  frend 
THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Post  scripta  The  binges  highnes  hauing  seen  this  letttre 
willed  me  for  your  more  ample  instruction  to  wryte  vnto  you 
somwhat  at  more  length.  Albeit  his  highnes  doubtcth  not  your 
wisedom  to  be  suche  as  w/t^out  long  \etteres  can  facyllic  con- 
ceyue  what  may  best  conduce  to  thadu<?»nccmcnt  of  his 
affayrees  yet  his  highnes  thought  good  somwhat  to  adiurtise 
you  of  his  gracious  pleasure  in  this  parte  which  is  that  con- 
sidering vppon  the  Deth  now  of  the  saide  lady  Douagier  where- 
by themp^rottr  hauing  none  other  cause  or  querele  to  the  kings; 
highnes  will  of  grete  lightlywod  by  all  weyes  and  meancs  seke 
for  the  kings;  highnes  amytie  being  the  onelie  maticr  of  the 
vnkyndenes  betwixt  them  now  abolisshed  by  the  Deth  of  the 
saide  lady,  Ye  therefore  in  your  conference  and  procedyngs; 
wfW  the  frensh  kyng  and  his  counsaile  shall  not  onelie  kepe 
yowrselffV;  the  more  aloof  and  be  the  more  Froyt  and  colde 
in  rclentyng  to  any  their  ousrtures  or  requests,  but  also  by 
suche  polycies  as  by  yowr  discrete  wisedomes  shall  seme  most 
expedient  to  set  fourth  this  matier.  So  as  it  may  apperc  vnto 
them  what  Fruyte  the  kinge  highnes  may  now  haue  at 
themp<-ro»rs  hand  if  he  woll,  who  now  ye  may  sey  will  offer 
aswell  ^ret  pleasures  and  benefits  to  the  kings;  highnes  to 
atteyn  amytie  as  he  did  vnto  them  domynyons  or  possessions 
Sayeng  vnto  thadmyrall  it  shalbe  good  for  them  if  they  wil 
com  to  any  conformytie  in  this  treatie  to  accelerate  the  same 
before  the  kyngs;  highnes  be  ousrmoche  sought  or  pressed  by 
themperour.  Which  maticr  being  handeled  and  proponed  by 
you  after  such  sorte  and  wit//  such  other  reasons  and  argu- 
ments as  the  kyngrr  highnes  doubteth  not  ye  right  wisely 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  3 

can  shalbe  a  meane  to  cause  them  the  more  facilly  to  com  to 
such  poynt  as  shalbe  agreable  to  the  kingrj  highnes  expecta- 
cion  and  the  better  conducing  of  his  grac[i]ous  affairees. 

Add.  To  myn  assured  Freend^  My  lord  of  Winchestre 
and  sir  John  Wallop  knight  the  kingcs  highnes  Ambassadors 
in  fraunce. 

Etidd.  From  the  Roulles  the  viiith  of  Januarye.  Mr.  Secre- 
tarye. 

137.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  137;  Cal.  x.  255.     Feb.  4  (1536). 

Sends  by  the  bearer  the  King's  answer  to  his  last  letter.  Requests  him 
to  report  his  action  on  it.  Proffers  of  service,  and  private  com- 
munications. 

Aftre  my  moost  harty  co;;/mendaabns  to  your  lordship  ye 
shal  by  this  berer  receyve  the  kinges  highnes  letferes  answer- 
ing to  yours  sent  by  Maister  Brian  And  \\ith  the  same  certain 
copies  conteyning  aswel  my  lorde  of  Herfordrj  procedingcs 
in  Germany  as  thaffections  of  the  princes  there  towards  the 
kinges  highnes  the  frenche  king,  the  bisshop  of  Rome,  the 
Counsail  and  otherwise,  whiche  as  his  maiestie  thought  con- 
venient to  coMHMMMCStC  vnto  youe,  vtith  desire  and  request  to 
haue  the  same  vsed  and  setfurthe  in  suche  a  temperature,  as 
by  your  wisedome  ye  shall  thinke  may  conduce  to  thadvaunce- 
ment  of  his  affayres  there.  Soo  his  pleasure  is  ye  shall  in 
yo;/r  next  k//rres  signifie  what  ye  shall  doo  therm,  and  what 
your  opinion  is  touching  eMry  parte  of  the  same.  Other 
rehersal  I  omytt  to  make  any  vnto  youe,  his  highnes  \efteres 
conteyning  in  al  things  right  ample  matier,  in  eflfecte  neurr- 
theles  tending  to  the  wynnyng  of  tyme  without  cuwmyng  yet 
to  any  pt'rfite  conclusion.  And  therfor  signifieng  for  the  rest 
only  vnto  youe  that  his  Maiestie  is  mery  and  in  perftte  health 
our  Lorde  be  thanked  and  that  for  my  parte  I  shal  be  gladde 
to  doo  youe  here  no  lesse  pleasure  thenne  I  canne  deuise  may 
be  for  your  co/wmoditie,  and  the  good  acceptac/on  of  your 
s^ruice  whiche  is  aswel  taken,  as  it  is  indede  worthie  I  pray 
god  to  sende  youe  no  worse  to  Fare  thenne  I  wold  wishe 
myself.  From  the  Roulles  the  iiii"1  of  Februarye 

Concernyng  your  private  \cttcrts  directed  vnto  me  touchyng 
wood  myll,  and  the  pulling  vpp  of  certain  poster  etc.  I  doubt 
not  but  your  lordshipp  knowing  what  good  is  like  to  ensue  to 
the  comunewealth  by  the  pulling  vp  of  the  said  myll,  wilbe 
as  gladde  therof  as  I  haue  been  for  that  only  respecte  to 
further  the  doing  of  it,  and  as  touching  the  saide  postes  I  shal 


4  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

further  enquire  of  them,  and  take  suche  ordre  touching  the 
same,  as  shalbe  I  trust  to  your  good  satisfaction  in  that  behaulf 

"Your  lordshippis  louyng  assuryd  Frcnd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lorde  my  lord  of  Winchestre  the 
•.>•  highncs  Ambassado/sr  in  the  Courte  of  Fraunce. 

Endd.  From  the  Roulles  the  iiiilh  of  February  Mr.  Secre- 
tary 

138.  CROMWELL  TO  THAMWORTH  AND  MARKEBY,  PRIESTS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  x.  334.    Feb.  21  <  1  536). 

Summons  them  to  London  to  make  answer  to  an  accusation  of  forgery 
made  against  them  by  Richard  Gooding. 

Forasmoche  as  it  is  in  complaynte  afore  me  that  ye  have 
hcynously  transgressed  the  lawe  offendid  the  commen  wcalc 
and  greatlie  hindrcd  the  compleynaunte  whose  name  is 
Richard  Goodyng  by  forgyng  of  a  will  the  immanytie  of  the 
whiche  offence  so  aggrifithe  the  goodnes  of  god  and  the 
conscience  of  all  honeste  men  that  be  ye  sure  if  ye  be  with 
this  faute  Lawfully  charged  ye  cannot  scape  inpunysshed,  and 
if  ye  be  not  then  I  wolde  youre  honcstie  were  defended  for 
this  cause  I  will  I  saye  that  vpon  the  sighte  of  this  my  L  YA-rc 
yc  haste  hcther  to  London  to  make  suchc  aunswere  in  this 
cause  as  truythe  and  honestie  biddith  you.  At  London  the 
xxi"1  daye  of  February. 

Yowr  Freend  THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  Thamworth  and  Markeby  Prestis  and  to  either 
of  theym  At  Bostone 


>.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  249;  not  in  Cal.    Feb.  25-26  (1536). 

i  •  irJiner  is  to  return  to  England  after  forwarding  certain  letters  to  Pate, 
the  ambassador  with  the  Emperor.  Description  of  an  interview 
between  the  King  and  the  French  ambassador. 

My  veray  good  lorde  aftre  my  moost  harty  cowmendac/ons 
wit//  like  thankrj  for  yowr  sundry  gentle  aduertisemcnt^j,  ye 
shall  herw/tA  aswel  rcceyve  the  king«  highnes  answer  to  your 
last  \ettsres  vppon  the  declaration  of  the  contentes  wherof 
(whiche  his  Maiestic  doubtcth  not  but  ye  wil  wit//  suche 
dexteritie  setfurth,  as  ye  shal  neither  omytt  anything  thcrin 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  5 

comprised,  ne  yet  soo  moche  irritate  the  frenche  king  as  shuld 
interrupte  their  amyties)  ye  be  appointed  at  your  libertie  and 
ease  to  retume,  As  also  a  paquet  of  W/rres  nowe  addressed 
from  his  grace  to  Maister  pate  his  Ambassador  \vtt/t  them- 
perour  whiche  as  his  Maiestie  thought  more  expedient  for 
diuerse  respecter  to  haue  conveyed  by  your  handes,  thenne 
directly  from  hens  by  a  spec/al  messanger,  soo  his  pleasure 
and  desire  is  ye  shal  aswel  saufly  and  spedilyc  cause  them  by 
some  sure  post  to  be  conveyed  to  Rome,  soo  as  they  maye  be 
there  immediately  vppon  themprrowrs  cuwmyng  though  ye 
shuld  rather  thenne  to  fayle  of  sure  conveyaunce  dispechc 
a  special  post  thither  only  for  that  purpose,  by  this  berer  we 
haue  dispeched  all  things  necessary,  that  is  to  saye,  ordre  is 
taken  that  this  daye  peter  lark  shall  receyve  CH  towards  your 
post  money  defrayd  and  your  costes  in  your  returne  and 
doubt  youe  not  but  at  your  cuw/myng  home  suche  accompt 
shalbe  made  \\iih  youe  as  ye  shall  haue  cause  to  be  contented. 
Nowe  I  shall  commence  a  priuate  sute  vnto  you  wherin  if  ye 
wil  of  your  goodnes  graunte  graunte l  my  desire  as  my  trust 
is  ye  will,  ye  shall  not  only  doo  therin  I  thinke  veraylie  a  veray 
good  turne  but  likewise  to  me  in  the  same  administre  suche 
grate  and  thankfull  pleasure  as  I  shal  be  glad  to  recompense 
to  your  lordshippe  if  occasion  may  therunto  srriie.  the 
matier  is  no  more  but  that  it  wil  like  youe  for  my  sake  to 
accept  this  berer  Salisbury  again  into  your  sluice  whom 
I  haue  dispeched  only  for  that  purpose,  he  may  yet  prove 
liable  to  s^rue  you  And  thus  most  hartely  fare  ye  wel  from 
the  Rollrj  the  xxvth  of  february. 

"Your  lordshippis  assuryd  freend 
THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

In  cipher. 

I  wold  your  lordship  had  this  day  hard  the  kings  grace 
handle  the  ambassador  of  fraunce  he  made  suche  repetycion 
of  hys  graces  most  frendly  overtures  and  procedynges  towardes 
them  and  of  their  unfr(e)ndely  facyons  towardes  him  that  he 
had  no  worde  to  speake  in  whiche  treaty e  he  forgat  not  to 
rcmembre  how  both  when  pomeray  was  here  and  when 
thadmyral  was  her(e)  he  offred  them  to  joyne  in  leage  bothe 
offensyve  and  defensyve  whyche  they  then  refused  and  therfor 
seyng  they  be  nowe  entred  as  we  be  instructed  into  the  warre 
and  seke  only  uppon  hym  for  theyr  ouun  commodytyc  as  they 
have  ever  don  in  al  thcyr  doyngs  they  must  he  sayd  be 

1  sic. 


<;  LETTERS  OF  fi  ;,/> 

contcntc  to  suflrc  him  to  refuse  that  which  when  he  myght  and 
offred  they  wold  not  and  now  they  wold  wyth  his  honor 
he  cannot  the  ambassador  wold  faync  as  (i)t  appercd  by  his 
comunycacyon  have  had  his  hyghnes  graunte  to  some  con- 
trybucyon  but  beyng  as  is  sayd  answered  by  ad  otnnia  qnarc 
he  departed  wyth  as  lytle  hope  as  he  had  reason  to  allcagc  for 
his  party  which  was  nothyng  at  alle  and  in  cace  the  French 
king  shuldc  seme  to  take  your  departure  dyspleasauntly  re 
pcnitns  infccta  that  yc  cam  for  the  kings  grace  trustcth  ye 
wyl  bothe  by  the  allegacion  of  the  sayd  refusals  by  pomeray 
and  thadmyral  and  with  suche  other  reasons  as  ye  shal  by 
your  wysdom  devise  so  paynt  them  before  theyr  eyes  hou 
abusyng  frendship  and  seaking  for  theyr  oune  comodityes  they 
have  enforced  the  kings  grace  t(o)  refuse  to  condescend  hcrin 
to  theyr  desyre  as  they  may  perceyve  and  see  theyr  ounc  foly 
and  be  by  reason  overcom  and  be  compelled  to  grauntc  in 
theyr  stomachcs  that  they  hauc  but  theyr  oune  deserving 
qualificng  neverthcles  this  and  al  other  thinges  as  ye  shal  by 
your  wysedome  thinke  expedyent  the  twenty  and  syxte  day 
of  februaryy. 

Add.  [To   my  loving]    lord    my   lord   of  Winchestre  the 
king^j  Ambassador  in  Fraunce 

Endd.  From  the  Roulles  the  xxv  of  February    Mr.  Secre- 
tary 


140.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  x.  405.    Mar.  3  < 1 536). 
Desiring  him  to  sign  a  letter  of  protection  for  a  merchant. 

After  my  right  harty  co;/imendacion  vnto  yo«r  good  lord- 
ship, thiese  be  to  desire  you  to  send  vnto  me  a  bill  signed 
\\7t4yowr  hand  fora  protecc ion  for  a  pore  marchaunt  straunger. 
according  as  I  haue  caused  it  to  be  writen  and  sent  vnto  your 
lordship  herin  closed,  the  whiche  I  pray  you  to  remyt  and 
send  agayne  vnder  yowr  signe  and  scale  in  your  accustumed 
maner.  Wherby  I  assure  you,  ye  shall  do  a  meritorious  and 
very  good  dede,  as  god  knowitA  who  presrrue  yowr  lordship. 
At  my  house  in  london  the  third  day  of  Marche. 

"Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWF.I 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lord  the  Vicount  lisley  the 
deputie  in  Calays. 


1536]                   THOMAS   CROMWELL 
141.  (CROMWELL)  TO 


R.  O.  Cal.  x.  61 7  (i).    Apr.  3  <  1 536). 

The  King  approves  of  his  conduct  in  inquiring  into  the  guilt  of  '  my  ladye 
Katherynes  preest.'  Requests  him  to  bring  up  with  him  everything 
that  is  worth  the  carriage. 

I  commend  me  vnto  yow  and  haue  Resayuyd  your  \ettert 
datyd  at  Carew  the  xxvith  daye  of  marche  by  the  which  I 
haue  well  p^rsayuyd  your  dylygens  and  good  polycye  vsyd 
in  the  Inserching  the  vntrewthe  of  my  ladye  Katherynes  preest 
which  as  I  p^rsayue  hadde  Conveyed  suche  plate  evydens  and 
other  things  Conteynyd  in  your  Ictteres  which  \ettero.  I 
shewed  vnto  the  kyng^j  highnes  who  for  your  dylygens  good 
polycye  and  good  acquytall  in  that  behalf  yeuythe  yow  right 
gret  prayse  and  also  allowyth  your  dedes  and  his  gracyous 
pleasure  ys  that  ye  callyng  to  you  soche  dyscret  and  woor- 
shypffull  (persons)  as  ye  shall  thinke  most  mete  for  that 
purpose  shall  Cause  the  sayd  prest  to  be  Straytlye  examenyd 
of  such  other  things  as  he  hath  consaylyd  and  Causyd  to 
be  Inbeselyd  and  after  examinacyon  to  put  hym  to  Sewrtye 
to  appere  before  the  kinges  Cownsayle  (to)  answer  to  suche 
things  as  shalbe  Ferther  on  the  kynges  behalf  layde  unto  his 
charge  and  as  to  all  suche  Stuffe  as  ye  shall  thinke  in  any  wyse 
mete  to  be  Caryed  leue  hit  not  in  no  wyse  behynd  yow  but 
Cause  hit  to  be  browght  vpp  yf  ye  Suppose  yt  may  be  worthe 
the  Caryage  and  yf  not  then  to  make  the  most  therof  ye  Can. 
I  also  hersay  that  ye  do  lake  of  the  nombre  of  your  Shepe. 
I  praye  yow  make  Dylygent  Inquyrye  for  them  and  of  all 
other  things  that  ye  shall  Supposse  to  Be  Inbesyled  or  Con- 
syled1  and  know  who  hathe  bene  the  doers  or  maynteners 
therof,  and  in  Any  wyse  deuyse  ye  that  the  things  may  be 
browght  hether  Surlye  and  so  trussyd  as  they  do  take  non 
moystoyr  nor  other  harme  and  specyallye  haue  ye  good  ^ye 
to  the  evydens  plate  and  pryncypall  Howsholde  Stuffe  and  I 
trust  at  your  Retorne  ye  shalnot  Repent  your  lorneye.  and 
for  your  paynes  and  trewth  takyn  in  this  lorney  I  hertelye 
thankc  yow  on  my  parte  and  thus  as  shortlye  as  ye  Co«- 
venyentlye  may  hauyng  Resspect  allway  that  all  thing  may  be 
Substancyallye  done  and  fynysshyd  I  trust  ye  wyll  repayre 
homeward,  wherof  I  woolde  be  gladde  but  in  any  wyse  pray 
yow  examen*  well  the  pr^ste,  and  thus  Fare  well  at  London 
the  thyrd  daye  of  Aprell 

1  c.  0.  in  any  manir  of  wyse 


8  11  'IT MRS   OF  [i 

142.   (CROMXVI  1 1  >  TO  MR.  CRANK. 
R.  O.  Cal.  x.  61 7  (ii).    Apr.  3  <  1 536). 

Explains  that  the  report  that  Cromwell  has  let  to  farm  the  Port  tythe  is 
untrue. 

Maistcr  Crane  I  hcrtclye  Commend  me  vnto  you  and  whcras 
I  persayue  by  Mr.  RatclyfT  &  Mr.  Gage  that  ye  haue  aledgyd 
that  I  hauc  Ictten  to  Fcrme  the  port  tythe  Syr  I  assure  (you) 
that  ys  not  So  but  undowtydlye  before  this  tyme  hcnryc 
lodge  offeryd  to  paye  the  half  yeres  Rent  dew  at  our  ladye 
dayc  which  last  for  the  sayd  porte  tythe  my  man  Wyll/V»m- 
Rcsayuyd  I  being  at  the  Courte  and  when  I  Cam  whomc 
shcwyd  me  therof,  and  delywred  me  acquytance  which  I  Sub- 
scrybyd  but  to  Saye  that  I  haue  made  any  man^r  primes 
thcrin  to  henry  lodge  or  any  other  I  assure  yow  l  I  hauc 
not  ne  wyll  not  doo,  and  this  hcrtclye  fare  ye  well  at  London 
the  iiirt  daye  of  Apryll 

143.  CROMWELL  TO  (SiR  PIERS  BUTTON,  SHERIFF  OF 
CHESHIRE). 

R.  O.  Cal.  x.  618.     Apr.  3,  1536. 

Requires  him  to  arrest  or  attach  the  goods  of  John  Ofleley,  who  has 
wrongly  withheld  .£104  from  Cromwell's  friend  Edmund  Rous. 

In  my  right  harty  maner  I  cow/mend  me  vnto  you,  and 
where  I  am  Crediblye  enformed  the  ooiv  John  Offeley  Aboutc 
the  space  of  ayerc  paste  reccyued  at  Calais  of  oon^  Humfrey 
Lightfote  thenne  factor  vnto  A  frende  of  myne  named 
Edmond  Rous  ciiii  It  to  be  delyuered  over  vnto  the  said 
Edmondc  here  in  London  whiche  Som  of  ciiii  li  the  said 
Offeleye  contrary  to  the  truste  and  confidence  that  he  was 
put  in  as  yete  hath  not  made  Dclir/rry  of  but  imploiethe  & 
cotfuertcth  the  same  vnto  his  owne  vse  to  the  greate  hurte  & 
hindertfimce  of  my  said  frende.  Beynge  nowe  adurrtysed 
that  the  said  Ofley  hathc  nvrch<wndyes  wares  &  good^j  at 
this  present  tyme  w/t//in  the  Town  of  Westechest/r  and  other 
places  adyoynynge  w/t//in  the  lymtte  of  yowr  office  and  that 
the  same  Ofeley  hathe  also  prrsonall  recorse  thether  I  requyrc 
you  and  in  the  kyng^j  name  will  and  commaundc  you  that 
for  redresse  to  be  had  of  the  said  detestable  wronge  & 
due  rcsty tut/on  to  be  made  unto  the  said  Edmond  Rous  of 
his  said  mony  dishonestly  and  vntrewly  kepte  from  hym  by 
the  said  Ofleley  accordynge  to  Justice  and  equite  you  do  im- 
mediatelyc  after  the  sight  of  these  my  \tt  feres  attache  & 
arreste  the  psrsonc  of  the  sayd  Offclcy  and  oonlcs  the  same 
Offeley  shall  iwcontinentc  thcrvpon  without  delay  restore 

1  f  o.  yt  ys  vntrew 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  9 

vnto  the  said  Edmo«d  his  said  mony  w/t//  his  resonablc 
damages  &  cxpcnccs  sustayned  by  his  vntrewe  delynge  or 
othenvyse  cowpownde  wythe  the  said  Edmond  to  kepe  the 
same  Offeley  in  yo//r  salve  custodye  and  to  convay  hym 
hyther  to  london  so  shortly  as  you  shall  cowvenyentlye  may 
personally  to  answerc  before  me  &  others  of  the  Icings  honor- 
able Covnsayll  wherfore  he  ought  not  so  to  do.  And  if  you 
shall  not  can  apprehend  the  prrsone  of  the  said  Offeley  than 
to  arreste  his  said  Good^j  and  to  put  the  same  vndre  your 
salve  custody  vntyll  the  said  Offeley  shall  outhcr  fully  restore 
vnto  my  said  frend  his  said  Mony  or  otherwise  gyue  suffi- 
cyente  cavtion  to  answere  hym  in  the  same  accordynge  to 
the  due  ordre  of  the  lawc  Shewynge  sutche  erneste  harty 
diligence  herein  as  my  said  frende  may  by  yo//r  polycye  & 
frendeshipp  for  my  sake  to  be  extended  vnto  hym  be  co«- 
veycd  to  his  said  debt  without  farther  Svtes  or  delayes  if  by 
any  honcste  meane  you  shall  so  can  compase  the  same.  And 
I  shall  thflunkefully  remewbre  your  doynge  herein  at  my 
desyre  in  case  you  shall  make  requeste  vnto  me  at  any  tyme 
hereafter.  And  thus  fare  you  well.  From  my  howse  at  the 
Rolles  the  iiide  day  of  Aprill  1.536. 
Endd.  Copy  from  Mr.  Crumwcll. 

144.  CROMWELL  TO  JOHN  WH ALLEY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  x.  649.    Apr.  II,  1536. 

The  King  desires  him  to  admit  Thomas  Wingfield  to  the  post  of  comp- 
troller of  the  works  at  Dover  with  suitable  wages. 

'Copye  of  suche  another  sent  by  Mr.  Secretary  the  uth  of 
Aprill  1536.' 

I  comend  me  vnto  you.  thisc  shalbe  to  advertise  you  that 
the  kingfj  pleasure  and  co;«maundement  is  that  Thomas 
Wyngfeld  shalbe  Comptroller  of  his  highnes  workvj  at  Dovorr 
wit//  suche  wag^j  and  Fees  as  shalbe  convenyent  for  the  same. 
Wherfore  I  requyre  you  furthewit//  vppon  the  sight  herof  so 
to  admyt  and  accept  hym.  Yeldyng  and  paiyng  vnto  hym 
by  the  day  for  his  wages,  to  be  paid  wekely  at  his  pleasure 
not  doubtyng  but  he  will  vse  and  behaue  hymsclf  in  the 
execucyon  of  that  rome  accordyng  to  the  trust  and  expec- 
tac/on  that  the  kynge s  highnes  hath  in  hym.  This  Fare  ye 
well  at  the  Roller  the  xith  day  of  Aprell. 

Yowr  Freend  THOMAS 

CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  frynd  John  Whalley  be  this  yoven 
Endd.  Copye  of  a  Ictiere  from  Mr.  Secretary 
Mr.  Wyngfeld 


10  ITERS  OF  [i 

145.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  260;  not  in  Cal.    Apr.  24  (1536). 

The  King  desires  more  explicit  information  on  the  topic  spoken  of  in 
Gardiner's  last  letters  before  he  makes  a  definite  answer.  Has  paid 
Peter  Lark  /zoo.  Requests  Gardiner  to  consider  the  overtures 
made  to  the  King  by  Chapuys.  Gardiner  may  detain  the  bearer,  who 
is  carrying  letters  to  the  King's  ambassador  in  Spain,  if  he  desires  to 
send  any  word  to  the  King. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendacions  yowr  lordship  shall 
herwith  reccyvc  the  kingly  highnes  \ettcres  answering  only  to 
the  post  scripta  of  yours  by  Thadeus  lately  addressed  vnto 
him.  the  matier  wherof  for  the  sodayncs  of  it  and  the  in- 
certaintie  of  the  conditions  hath  perplexed  his  Maiestie  that 
before  he  wil  make  any  other  answer  to  thcffccte  of  yo//r  said 
lr//rres  his  grace  wil  knowe  the  veraye  certaintic  whither  any 
suchc  thing  be  dctermyncd  or  noo.  And  therfor  it  shalbc  wcl 
doon  that  ye  accelerate  yowr  answer  thcrin  asmoche  as  yc 
maye  wit//  suche  other  occurrant/'j  as  shal  chaunce  in  the 
meane  tyme.  I  haue  delyurred  vnto  yowr  seruaunt  peter 
Larke  cdl  l  and  shal  I  trust  see  you  from  tymc  to  tyme  suffi- 
ciently furnished  during  yowr  abode  and  contynuancc  there. 
I  haue  in  another  priuate  U*//rrc  made  a  request  vnto  youe 
the  accomplishement  wherof  I  haue  cuen  as  moche  to  hartc 
as  a  thyng  of  that  cstimacion  cannc  be  worthc.  I  require 
your  lordship  that  by  the  next  post  I  may  prrccyve  yowr 
rcsoluc/on  thcrin  according  to  my  desire.  Ye  shal  also  in  the 
kingfj  highnes  1/V/rrcs  prrccyve  certain  Overtures  lately  made 
vnto  his  grace  by  themp<*rowrs  Ambassadowr  here  resident, 
on  Themprrowrs  bchaulf,  theffecte  wherof  wit//  the  kingrj 
pleasure  touching  the  same  I  doubt  not  but  yowr  wisedom 
wil  considre  accordinglye  And  Thus  Fare  youc  most  hartcly 
well  From  Stepnaye  the  xxiiii01  of  April 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd  frccnd 

THOMAS  CRI'MWKLL. 

Post  scripta  yowr  lordship  shal  vndrestande  that  this  bcrer 
is  nowe  dispechcd  w/'t//  \etttres  to  the  King«  Ambassadowr 
witA  themprrowr  concernyng  the  said  Overtures,  and  his 
Majesties  answers  to  the  same,  w/W  his  pleasure  howe  he 
shal  vsc  himself  in  the  advauncement  of  them,  if  yowr  lord- 
ship vppon  the  reading  of  the  King^j  \etteres  nowe  addressed 
vnto  youc,  shall  gather  any  special  matier  worthic,  his  aduer- 
tiscmcnt  or  haue  ellrj  decreed  to  write  for  any  other  pwrpose 

'i.e.  200  pounds. 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  11 

vnto  hym,  ye  maye  deteyne  the  currowr  tyl  ye  haue  written 
your  letteres  albeit  bicause  his  Message  requirethe  some  hast 
I  require  you  in  that  cace  to  dispeche  him  as  spedely  as  ye 
canne.  And  thus  eftsones  most  hartely  Fare  youe  wel.  From 
Stepnaye  etc. 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lorde  my  lorde  of  Winchestre  the 
K'mges  Ambassador  in  Fraunce 

Endd.  From  Stepnaye  the  xxiiiith  of  April  Mr  Secretary. 

\ 
146.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  350;  Cal.  x.  761.    Apr.  30  (1536). 

Informs  him  that  the  King's  answer  to  the  overtures  of  France  are  sent 
at  the  same  time.  Reports  the  arrival  of  Gardiner's  servant.  Sends 
cramp  rings  for  Gardiner's  friends  in  France. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons  to  your  lordship 
The  same  shall  herwz't//  receyve  the  Icings  highncs  L^//^res 
conteyning  certain  overtures  made  here  By  the  frenche  Am- 
bassador w/tA  his  graces  answers  to  the  same,  and  his  further 
pleasure  howe  ye  shal  precede  there,  whiche  I  doubt  not  but 
ye  wil  accomplishe  as  shal  appertayn.  on  Fridaye  arryved 
here  your  seruaunt  Massye  w*t^  your  'Letteres  in  Ciphre 
wherunto  if  anything  shalbe  answered  ye  shal  haue  it  by  the 
next  post.  I  sende  your  lordship  certain  certain l  Crampe 
ringer  to  be  bestowed  there  amongr^  your  Freendes.  And 
thus  moost  hartely  Fare  youe  well  From  Stepnaye  the  last 
of  April 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lord  my  lord  of  Winchestre  the 
Kingcs  Ambassador  in  Fraunce. 

Endd.  From  Stepnaye  the  last  of  April     Mr  Secretary 
147.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER  AND  WALLOP. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  160;  Cal.  x.  873.    May  14  (1536). 

Informs  them  of  the  arrest  of  Anne  Boleyn,  and  of  the  conspiracy  against 
the  King's  life  which  has  been  disclosed.  Gardiner  will  receive  £200 
and  Wallop  will  not  be  forgotten.  Cf.  Letters  149,  153,  and  156. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendacj'ons,  Albeit  ye  shall  at  this 
tyme  receyve  non  answer  to  your  let  feres  sent  by  Salisbury 

1  su. 


12  1  1  TTERS  OF  [1536 

being  the  same  diflerred  tyl  thanyval  of  the  baylie  of  Troys, 
Yet  the  kingtt  highnes  thought  convenient  that  I  shuld  adu^r- 
you  of  a  chaunce,  as  most  detestably  and  abhomynably 
deuised  contryved  ymagined  doon  and  contynucd,  soo  most 
happely  and  graciously  by  thordenawncc  of  god  reueled  mani- 
fested and  notoriously  knowcn  to  all  men.  Wherof  though 
ye  haue  harde  I  doubt  not  the  rumowr,  yet  I  shal  expressc 
vnto  youe  some  pane  of  the  cuwmyng  out,  and  of  the  kin_,v.f 
preceding  in  the  same.  The  qucnes  abhomynaobn  both  in 
incontyncnt  lyving,  and  other  offcncts  towards  the  kingrr 
highnes  was  so  rank  and  cowmen,  that  her  ladyes  of  her  privy 
chambrc.  and  her  chambcrers  could  not  conteyne  it  w/tAin 
their  brestes,  But  detesting  the  same  had  soo  often  cotnniuni- 
cations  and  conference  of  it  that  at  the  last  it  cam  soo  plainly 
to  the  cares  of  some  of  his  gracrj  counsail  that  w/t//  their 
dicutye  to  his  Maicstie  they  could  not  concele  it  from  him, 
but  \\i\.h  greate  fcarc,  as  the  cacc  enforced  declared  what  they 
harde  vnto  his  highnes  Wherupon  in  most  secret  sorte  certain 
rvrsonncs  of  the  privye  chambrc  and  others  of  her  side  were 
cxamyncd,  in  whiche  examynac/bns  the  maticr  appered  soo 
evident,  that  beside  that  cryme,  w/t//  the  accidents,  there 
brake  out  a  certain  conspiracye  of  the  kingrj  deathe.  whiche 
extended  soo  farre  that  all  we  that  had  thexamynac/on  of 
it  quaked  at  the  daunger  his  grace  was  in,  and  on  our  knees 
gave  him  laude  and  prayse  that  he  had  p/rscrucd  him  soo 
long  from  it,  and  nowe  manifested  the  most  wretched  and 
detestable  determynac/bn  of  the  same,  thus  were  certain 
men  ow/myttcd  to  the  towre  for  this  cause,  that  is  Markrj  & 
Norres,  and  her  brother  thenne  was  she  apprehended,  and 
conveyed  to  the  same  place,  aftre  her  was  sent  thither  for 
the  crymes  specefied,  S/'r  Frauncrj  Weston  and  Will/Vim 
Brereton.  And  Norres  Weston  Brereton  and  Mark^j  be 
already  cowdcmpncd  to  deathe,  vppon  arrayncmcnt  in  West- 
mtMS/fr  hal  on  Friday  last.  She  and  her  brother  shalbe 
arayncd  tomorowe,  and  wil  vndoubtcdlie  goo  the  same  wayc. 
I  write  noo  particularities,  the  things  be  soo  abhomynable, 
that  I  thinke  the  like  was  neuer  harde,  and  therfor  I  doubt 
not  but  this  shalbe  sufficient  for  your  Instruction  to  declare 
the  truth  if  ye  haue  occasion  soo  to  doo.  Yowr  lordship  shall 
get  in  cc11  of  the  Illcl  that  were  out  amongfs  thise  men,  not- 
withstanding grcatc  sutc  hath  been  made  for  the  hole,  whiche 
though  the  king^f  highnes  might  give  in  this  cace  yet  his 
maiestie  doth  not  forget  yowr  s/vuicc.  And  the  third  c1'  is 
bestowed  of  the  vicar  of  hell,  vppon  (whom)  though  it  be 

1  i.e.  300. 


THOMAS   CROMWELL  13 

some  charge  vnto  youe  his  highnes  trusteth  ye  wil  think  it 
wel  bestowed.  And  thus  Fare  you  most  hartely  well  From 
the  Roullr.r  in  hast  this  xiiii^  of  Maye 

Yowr  louyng  assuryd  freen[d] 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

And  youe  Maister  Wallop  shall  not  at  this  tyme  be  for- 
gotten, but  the  certaintie  of  that  ye  shall  haue  I  cannot  tel 
but  in  the  next  \etterts  ye  shall  knowe  it,  and  I  assure  youe 
the  kingcs  highnes  taketh  bothe  your  s^ruices  in  as  thankfull 
parte  as  your  selfcr  could  wishe  or  deuise 

Add.  To  myn  Assured  Loving  freendes  my  lord  of  Win- 
chestre  and  S*>  John  Wallop  knight  the  King^r  Ambassadors 
in  Fraunce  in  hast 
hast  post 

Endd.  From  the  Roulles  in  haste  the  xiiijth  of  Maye  Mr 
Secretary 

148.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  MAGISTRATES  OF 
CANTERBURY. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  32,638,  f.  83  ;  not  in  Cal.    May  18  (1536). 

The  King  is  informed  that  they  have  chosen  others  than  those  whom  he 
desired,  to  be  burgesses  from  Canterbury.  Requires  them  to  dis- 
regard the  first  election,  to  hold  another,  and  choose  the  King's 
nominees. 

The  coppy  of  the  kyng^j  letters. 

In  my  herty  wyse  I  recomende  me  vnto  you  these  shalbe 
forasmoche  as  the  kyngrj  plesur  and  comaundemewt  ys  that 
Robert  Derknall  and  John  Bryges  schulbe  electe  and  chosyn 
Citezin  or  burgesses  for  that  Cite  by  reson  wherof  my  lorde 
Chaunceler  and  I  by  owyr  \etterts  writen  vnto  you  aduertysyd 
you  therof  and  ye  the  same  litle  or  nothynge  regardynge  but 
rather  cowtemnywg  haue  closen  1  othyr  at  your  owne  wylles 
and  myndes  cowtrarie  to  the  kyng^j  plesure  and  comande- 
me>/t  in  that  behalfe  Wherat  the  kynges  highnes  dothe  not 
a  lytell  marvell  Wherefore  in  advoydyng  of  ferther  dysplesur, 
that  myjte  therby  ensue  I  require  you  on  the  kyng^j  behalfe 
that  notwythstondynge  the  seyd  elecc/on  ye  precede  to  a  new 
and  electe  thosse  other,  acordynge  to  the  tenure  of  the  former 
letteres  to  you  dyrectyd  for  that  purpose  w/t^out  faylyng  so 
to  do  as  the  kyng^j  truste  and  expectacion  is  in  you  and  as 
ye  entende  to  avoide  hys  highnes  displesur  at  your  parell 
And  yf  any  p^rsone  wyll  obstynatly  gaynsay  the  same  I 

1  sic  for  '  chosen.' 


14  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

require  you  to  aduertise  me  therof  that  I  maye  ordre  hym  as 
the  kyngrf  plesur  shalbc  in  that  case  to  cowmande  Thus  fare 
yc  well  at  the  rollcs  the  xviii  day  of  May 

\our  louyngc  frcndc 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  ry?th  louyngc  frcndrj  the  Mayr  SheryflVvr  and 
comiwaltie  of  the  Cite  of  Caunterbury  and  to  eu^ry  of  them 

149.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER  AND  WALLOP. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  162;  Cal.  x.  1084.    June  8  (1536). 

Informs  them  of  the  King's  answers  to  the  Bailly  of  Tmyes— first  that  if 
a  General  Council  is  held,  it  ought  to  be  convoked  in  a  safe  place  and 
in  a  fair  way  ;  and,  second,  that  he  cannot  grant  the  desired  contribu- 
tion, as  it  would  render  him  unfit  to  mediate  between  France  and 
Spain.  Cf.  Letters  147,  153,  and  158. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendac/bns  Thise  shalbe  taduer- 
tise  youe  that  Forasmoche  as  the  frenche  king  hathc  Lately 
directed  hither  to  the  kingrr  highnes  the  baylie  of  Troys,  who 
hathc  entreated  only  twoo  sper/all  pointes,  Thone  concern- 
yng  his  gracw  opinion  and  sentence  touching  thindiction  of 
a  generall  Counsail,  Thother  tattayne  knowleage  of  his  gracfs 
resoluc/'on  concernyng  their  desired  ayde  and  contribuc/bn  to 
be  given  by  his  Maiestie  towards  the  supportac/bn  and  mayn- 
tcn/w/nce  of  his  good  brother  the  frenche  kingry  warres  against 
Themprrowr  Like  as  his  highnes  deliberating  vppon  the 
same  hath  made  suche  answer  as  all  partcs  considered  was 
thought  convenient,  Soo  to  thintent  having  knowleage  of  the 
same,  ye  shuld  the  better  prepare  and  arme  yowrsclf  not  only 
to  mayntain  the  wisedom  and  equitie  of  them  but  also  to 
advaunce  the  same  in  suche  wise  as  maye  be  for  his  graco 
honnowr  and  the  general  quiet  and  repose  of  all  Christendom 
his  highnes  hathe  cowmaundcd  me  in  suche  ordrc  wordc  for 
worde  to  signifie  the  said  answers  vnto  youe  as  the  same  were 
conceyved  and  translated  into  frenche  be  nowe  delyucred  to 
the  said  baylie.  First  concernyng  the  general  Counsail,  like 
as  his  Maiestie  cannot  otherwise  thinke,  but  that  a  free  chr/j/ien 
general  counsail  shuld  be  bothe  expedient  and  necessary, 
bothc  for  thencreace  of  thonowr  of  god,  and  thextirpacibn 
abolicion  and  extinguishment  of  suche  abuses  errowrs  and 
cnormyties,  as  haue  been  long  violently  maynteyncd  to  the 
obfustac/on  of  goddrj  holy  and  indeficible  trouth,  and  to  the 
derogac/on  of  the  powre  and  auctorities  of  kingrj  and  princes 
due  vnto  them  by  the  same,  Soo  his  highnes  thinkcth  it  shalbc 
more  thenne  necessary  for  all  prince  spcr/ally,  not  only  to 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  U 

forsee  that  noo  counsail  shal  be  indicted  but  in  suche  place 
as  maye  be  tute  indifferent  and  suche  as  wherin  all  men  that 
shall  reasorte  thither  may  frankely  and  frelye  speake  and 
pronounce  their  opinions  and  sentence  in  matiers  to  be  en- 
treated, in  the  same,  and  therupon  to  haue  suche  direction 
taken,  as  may  be  consonant  to  godd^  worde  and  bni^ficial 
to  the  hole  vnytie  state  and  bodye  of  Chrij/mdom,  But  also 
that  there  maye  be  an  ordre  taken  among^j  Chrw/ien  princes 
befor  aswel  for  thappointement  of  suche  a  place  as  is  specefied 
as  for  the  maner  and  forme  of  the  indiction  and  who  shalbe 
the  Ministre  in  the  same,  For  his  highnes  hath  soo  well  and 
p^rfitely  desciphred  the  vsurpaczbns  of  the  bisshop  of  Rome 
chiefly  atteyned  by  a  pretended  supremytie  in  suche  coun- 
sailes,  that  his  grace  hath  certainly  resolued  neyther  to  con- 
descende  to  any  counsail  to  be  by  him  indicted,  ne  by  any 
other  potentate,  onles  the  same  shalbe  befor  agreed  on  befor 
in  maner  and  forme  befor  expressed.  As  his  Maiestie  veraily 
trusteth  his  good  brother  the  said  frenche  king  whose  wise- 
dome  his  highnes  knoweth  to  prrpende  and  waye  right  wisely 
and  prudently  the  premisses,  will  for  his  parte  do  the  sem- 
blable. 

Concernyng  the  Contribuczon  Albeit  the  said  frenche  king 
shall  at  all  tymes  fynde  his  Maiestie  a  most  sure  and  faithfull 
freende  vnto  him,  yet  forasmoche  as  his  highnes  at  this  tyme 
p^rceyvethe  a  certain  inclynaaon  bothe  in  Themperour  and 
in  his  said  good  brother  to  compromytt  all  suche  matiers  as 
depende  in  controuerse  betwene  them  into  his  highnes  handes. 
to  be  by  him  compounded  and  determyned,  his  grace  thinking 
and  certainly  knowing  and  considering  that  thappointement 
of  any  suche  contribuabn  at  this  present  shuld  make  him  an 
vnmete  Arbiter  and  Judge  betwene  them,  whiche  might  be 
hindrance  let  staye  and  empechement  to  many  good  purposes 
and  successes,  not  only  to  his  said  good  brother  but  likewise 
to  all  Christendom  hath  thought  it  requisite  and  necessary  to 
put  ouer  the  certain  determynaobn  of  the  said  ayde  and  con- 
tribuabn vntil  suche  tyme,  as  he  shall  see  an  Actuel  Invasion 
of  themp^owr  in  the  domynions  of  his  good  brother,  or  that 
ihempefonr  shal  refuse  vppon  his  mediaczbn  to  com  to  suche 
conformytie  as  shal  appertain  trusting  to  receyve  spedily 
suche  articles  from  his  said  good  brother  touching  his  offres 
already  made  and  Thempero#rs  demaundrj  as  wherupon  he 
maye  entreate  w*t//  the  said  Emprrowr  and  thoroughly  feale 
his  inclynaczbn  and  resolucrbn  in  the  same.  And  like  as  his 
highnes  trusteth  veraily  that  his  good  brother  sending  to  him 
suche  articles  will  in  the  same  not  only  for  the  bcttre  conducing 
of  his  desires  to  effecte  but  also  for  that  his  Assured  freende 


16  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

shall  haue  thentreatie  of  them,  being  oon  that  will  travail  to 
make  his  bargain  as  good  as  he  canne  deuisc  and  compasse, 
declare  and  offre  suchc  things  as  may  be  honorable  and 
reasonable,  and  rather  commytt  more  to  his  graces-  fidelitie 
and  frcendeship  in  the  conclusion  thcrof  thenne  he  hath 
already  offreed  and  cowmytted  to  the  bisshop  of  Rome  or 
any  other  potentate  or  Arnbassadowr.  Soo  in  cace  his  highnes 
shal  not  therupon  induce  Themp^rowr  by  any  meanes  to 
harken  to  reason,  his  grace  will  not  faile,  thenne  to  make 
suche  answer  to  his  saide  good  brother  touching  the  said 
contribuc/on  as  it  shal  appere  to  all  the  world  that  his  grace 
is  his  moost  fwrfite  and  entier  Freende. 

Thus  haue  I  writen  vnto  youe  the  klnges  answer  to  the 
said  two  Articles  proponed  by  the  said  baily  of  Troys,  whiche 
his  grace  doubtethe  not  but  ye  wil  as  wel  thinke  reasonable, 
as  mayntain  w/t//  suche  reasons  as  shalbe  for  his  grac^r 
honowr  thentertaynement  of  thamytie,  and  thavauncement 
of  the  purpose  conteyned  in  the  same,  that  is  to  haue  the 
king  the  mediatowr  betwene  thise  two  princes,  whiche  his 
grace  will  neyther  by !  moche  scke  ne  yet  refuse  if  it  be  put 
vnto  him,  &  as  Themp^rowrs  Ambassadowr  here  resident 
hathe  good  hope  that  his  maistcr  shall  by  his  meane  con- 
descende  therunto,  soo  as  the  frenche  king  wil  doo  the 
«emblable,  even  soo  hathe  the  bay  lie  of  Troys  and  Mons/V//;- 
de  Tarbez  also,  that  their  master  wil  not  faile  gladly  to  com 
to  the  same  purpose.  Whiche  towardnes  on  bothe  sides 
caused  and  compelled  his  Maiestie  to  staye  in  the  graunting 
of  any  contribuc/on  for  the  respecter  expressed  tyl  he  shall 
knowe  further  certaintie  in  this  bchaulf.  Finally  his  grace 
desirethe  you  also  Maister  Wallop  to  travail  of  yoi/rself  in  the 
furtherance  of  this  matier  vtith  themprrowrs  Ambassadowr, 
and  likewise  wrt//  all  other  whom  ye  shall  thinke  may  ad- 
vauncc  the  same.  Whiche  commission  is  to  both  of  youe 
indifferent.  And  youe  shal  my  lord  of  Winchestre  vndrc- 
standc  that  the  kingr s  highnes  was  moche  offended  wi'tA  your 
ernest  sute  for  the  pencibn  appointed  to  Maister  brian  taking 
it  half  vnkindly  that  thoughe  his  grace  had  no  pretence  of 
right  in  it,  ye  shuld  laboi/r  soo  ernestly  to  defeatc  his  ernest 
promyse.  And  therfor  I  shall  frccndely  aduise  youe  by  your 
next  \ftttrcs  soo  frankly  and  simplic  to  grauntc  the  satisfaction 
of  his  pleasure  therm,  as  yc  may  rcdubbe  that  is  passed  and 
contynuc  your  cstimacion  wit//  him,  whiche  maye  be  asmochc 
worth  to  youe  as  that  amounteth  to.  And  this  I  assure  youe 
I  write  more  frecndely,  to  youe  a  greate  dealc,  thenne  ye 

1  . .  o.  any  meanes 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  17 

hauc  held  your  peace  \vitA  me  in  a  matier  of  a  greate  deale 
lesse  weight.  And  thus  Fare  you  hartely  well  From  the 
Roulls  the  viiith  of  June. 

Your  lordshyppis  assuryd 
j  THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  myn  Assured  Loving  Frcendes  my  lord  of  Win- 
chestre  and  sir  John  Wallop  knight,  the  kings  Ambassadowrs 
in  fraunce. 

Endd.  From  the  Roulles  the  viij01  of  June.     Mr.  Secretary 

150.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  PRINCESS  MARY). 

B.  M.  Otho  C.  x,  f.  280;  Cal.  x.  mo.    (June>  1536). 

Upbraids  her  for  her  obstinacy  in  resisting  the  King.  Sends  her  a  book 
of  articles  to  subscribe,  and  advises  her  to  comply.  Threatens  to 
abandon  her  if  she  does  not  yield. 

....  I  haue  receyved  your  k*//rres  wh  ...  ye  be  in  greate 

discomfor  ....  that  I  shuld  fynde  the w/'t//  youe  For 

answer ndrestande  that  ho  we  gr  .  . .  .  your  discomfort 

is,  it  canne  be  n  ....  henne  myn  who  hath  vppon  ....  ken  so 

moche  of  your  repentance full  obstinacy  against  the 

....  and  of  your  humble  sub things  w/'t//out  excep- 
tion ....  to  obey  to  his  pleasure knowing  howe  diu*vslye 

a  ....  oceded  at  the  late  being aiesties  counsail  w  . .  .  . 

yo moche    ashamed   of  that and   likewise 

afrayed doon  . . .  somoche  that uel  therof  shalbe 

god s  w/'t//  your  foly  ye  v that  hathe  wis 

I  will pitie  ye  shuld  not punishment  if 

self  an  exemple  in your  natural  fathe 

oune  only  fantaz l Judgements  and  ....  of  all  men 

that  ye knowe  and   love   god  ....  except  ye  will 

sh prrsuwmption  wherf w/'t^  youe  as  god  is 

I  thinke  youe  to  mos ndurate  woman  all that 

euer  was  and wel  desrrueth  the  re extremytie 

of  M ot  open  my  lippes may  haue  suche  a 

it  may  appere the  least  that for that 

ye  be  bounde  vnto  by   yo of  allcagcancc,  if  nature 

wcr from  youe 2  and  in  a  lik planted  in 

the  same  as  it  ....  eurry  other  co;«en  subgiet 

I  haue  sent  vnto  you  a  certa f  Articles  wherunto  3 

....  yf  ye 4  yo//r   h  .  .  .  .  ribe  yo//r  name  * e 

vndoubtedly  please same  conformable  to  hi  ....  as  ye 

\\  ill  in  scmbla yve  it  in  your  harte  w/V/owt  dis  .  .  .  .  pt 

1  c.  0.  opinions  *  f.  o.  pouer  of  god  set 

*  c.  o.  in  *  c .  o.  I  b  8  c .  o.  whe 


MEKRIMAN.     II 


18  LETTERS  OF  [1536 

whcrof  again  from re  declaring  that  ye that 

ye  haue l  subs de,  I  shall  eftsoncs speke  for  your 

reconsilia s   And    w/'tA  spede    leave les 

whichc and  desire  youe 

neucr  to  write meane  vnto  me  heraftre,  for  I 

think  youe  other   thcnne  the vnnatural  and   most 

obstinate lyving  bothe  to  god  &  your  most  dere  &  ... 

And  I  3ad to  nothing  but  I  beseche  god 

hclpe  me  if  I  knowe certainly  to  be  your  bounde 

godoVj  lawe  and  m I  must  ncdes  iudge  t 

shall  refuse  it,  n in  a  chrwtien  congreg 

wherof  I  take  Christ I  refuse  if  I  write that  I  haue 

not  pr^fe and  knowe  to  be  true 

151.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER  AND  WALLOP. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  166;  Cal.  x.  1123.    June  12  (1536). 

Sends  a  duplicate  in  French  of  the  answer  given  to  the  Bailly  of  Troyes, 
which  has  been  slightly  altered  since  Cromwell's  last  letters.  Cf. 
Letter  149. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendaabns,  Albeit  by  my  Last 
"Letterts  I  signified  vnto  youe  the  kingfj  highnes  answer  thenne 
detcrmyned  and  delyuered  to  the  baylie  of  Troys  vppon 
theflecte  of  his  message  yet  forasmoche  as  sithens  the  said 
baylie  hathe  instantly  sued  to  haue  certain  worths  in  the 
same  answer  altered,  as  rather  gathered  of  his  general  com- 
w////rcation  thanne  by  him  soo  precisely  ment  as  he  wold 
haue  it  in  the  same  sorte  it  was  expressed  conveyed  to  his 
Maisters  eares,  and  that  his  grace  hath  been  contented  to 
satisfie  his  request  in  that  behaulf,  for  avoyding  of  all 
errowrs  ye  shal  herw/tA  receyve  the  very  duble  in  frenche  of 
that  \vhiche  is  delyurred  vnto  him,  wherin  ye  shall  fynde  the 
worde  of  Invasion  supposed  to  be  spoken  by  them  left  out, 
and  the  certain  inclynacion  in  the  frenche  king  to  com- 
promytt  into  the  kingrj  highnes  handes,  thoughe  indede  their 
vtordfs  before  in  effecte  conteyned  as  moche  as  is  expressed 
in  myn  other  Letleres  And  thus  Fare  youe  hartcly  well  From 
the  Roulk-j  the  xii*  of  June. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  Loving  Freendes  My  lorde  of  Wynchester  and 
Sir  John  Wallop  knight  the  kings;  highnes  ambassadors  in 
Fraunce. 

Eudd.  From  the  Roullcs  the  xiith  of  June    Mr.  Sc<c)rctary 
1  f.  0.  or  shall  *  c.o tes  blessing  *  f.  0.  write 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  19 

152.   < CROMWELL)  TO  SIR  BRIAN  TUKE. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  6069,  f.  99;  Cal.  x.  1124.    June  12,  1536. 

Orders  him  to  pay  Clarencieux  j£lo,  due  to  him  for  his  diets  beyond  what 
has  already  been  paid. 

Mr.  Tuke  whereas  ye  by  the  k'mgcs  coma//ndment  certy- 
fyed  yow  by  me  the  xxijth  daye  of  Januarye  last  past  before 
the  date  hereof  payd  vnto  norray  nowe  clarencieulx  kinge  at 
Armes  sent  then  into  Scotland  to  Attende  vpon  the  lorde 
Will/Vim  Howarde  and  the  bushoppe  then  elect  of  Assaph 
nowe  elect  of  Saynt  Davys  being  then  also  sent  in  ambassade 
into  Scotland  aforsayd  vppon  a  Reckewynge  of  his  dyettar 
aftre  the  Rate  of  vi  s.  viii  d.  by  the  daye  for  iiii  monethes 
beforehande  accoumptynge  xxviii  daies  to  eurry  moneth 
the  same  dyettcs  to  be  accoumpted  &  to  begyn  the  sayd 
xxiith  daye  of  Januarye  the  Som  of  xxxvii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  for 
Asmoche  as  the  same  norray  nowe  Clarencieulx  contynued 
his  Abode  in  the  sayd  voyage  from  the  xxith  daye  of  Januarye 
last  paste  before  the  date  hereof  vntyll  the  xiith  daye  of  June 
then  next  followinge  exclusyve  videlicet  by  the  space  of 
cxlii  daies  so  that  theire  ys  due  to  him  for  hys  dyettey  for 
the  sayd  tyme  the  Som  of  xlvii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  w//*ch  he  hathe 
in  the  sayde  moneth  of  Januarye  last  past,  wherof  receiud  of 
yow  the  Som  of  xxxvii  li.  vi  s.  viii  d.  as  before  &  so  vesteth 
due  to  him  for  hys  sayd  dyettar  the  Som  of  tenne  pounds, 
I  sygnyfye  vnto  yow  that  the  k[ing]^  pleasure  ys  that  ye 
incontyenent  of  his  graces  money  beinge  in  your  Custodye 
paye  vnto  the  sayd  clarencieulx  the  sayd  Some  of  x  li.  in  Full 
supplyment  &  payment  of  his  sayd  dyttes  for  the  tyme 
Aforsayd.  And  thus  hartely  fare  fare '  ye  well.  At  my  howsse 
at  the  Rolles  the  xiith  daye  of  June  in  the  xxviiith  yere  of  the 
Reigne  of  our  said  sourraigne  lorde  kinge  Henrye  theight  1536. 

153.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  175  ;  Cal.  xi.  29.    July  5  (1536). 

Reproaches  Gardiner  for  his  unfriendly  behaviour.  Upbraids  him  for  his 
conduct  in  connexion  with  the  annuity  granted  to  Brian,  and  for  his 
obstinacy  in  resisting  the  will  of  the  King.  Announces  the  King's 
marriage  to  Jane  Seymour.  Cf.  Letters  147,  149,  and  156. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  co;«mendac/bns  to  your  Lordshippe 
I  haue  receyvcd  your  sundry  k//rres,  for  the  whiche  I  doo 
right  hartely  thank  youe,  and  amongts  others  those  of  the 
xxith  of  the  last  moneth,  writen  for  your  answer  to  a  fewe 
wordrj  inserted  in  thende  of  my  k/fcres  a  litle  bcfor  addressed 
vnto  youe,  touching  your  contenc/on  for  the  awnuitie  by  the 

1  sic. 

c  a 


20  LETTERS   OF  [i 


highncs  graunted  to  Maister  brian  vppon  thattaindrr 
of  Norres,  the  cause  of  whiche  your  stayc  or  I  mayc  still  call 
it  contcnc/on  thcrin,  appercthe  in  yonr  said  lr//rrcs  not  soo 
frecndely  conceyved,  as  I  thinke  my  merities  towards  youe 
haue  dcvrucd  being  only  yo//r  fantazie  that  I  shuld  rather 
of  my  self  thennc  otherwise  promote  that  matier  vnto  youe. 
For  soo  ye  write,  whenne  his  Maicstie  shall  give  me  an  ex- 
prcssc  cowmaundcment,  and  saye  my  pleas///r  is  thowc  shalt 
paye  oon  hundreth  pounds  to  suche  an  vse  etc.  Truly  my 
lord  though  my  talent  be  not  soo  precious  as  yot/rs,  yet  I  trust 
w/t//  his  helpe  that  gave  me  it,  to  vse  it  soo  as  it  shall  doo  his 
office  w/t//out  gathering  suche  suspitions  vppon  freendeship. 
I  rcpetc  that  worde  again  bicausc  I  mcnt  frcendely  in  the 
writing  of  it,  or  the  adhering  soo  fast  to  the  ymaginac/bn 
thcrof,  that  I  shuld  doo  nothing  w/t//out  expresse  cowmaunde- 
mentrj  at  his  request  whose  only  inclynac/on  shuld  of  con- 
gruence bowe  thaffections  of  suche  men  as  we  be.  who  hathe 
rcceyvcd  all  that  we  haue  at  his  hande,  and  cause  vs  rather 
kindely  to  give  place,  thenne  soo  crncstly  to  contende  as 
might  prrcace  neythcr  prevayl  ne  suffre  the  thing  to  haue 
that  grace  it  might  haue  had  at  the  bcgynning  And  yet  wold 
I  as  oon  that  toke  myself  in  your  oune  estimac/on  for  yo//r 
frcende,  desire  youe  to  thinke  that  I  will  not  wade  in  any 

fr/uate  matier  in  the  king  my  Souurraign  lordrj  name  vnles 
haue  his  cowmaundement  soo  to  doo,  as  in  my  first  L-//rrcs 
writen  for  the  said  Annuite  I  declared  vnto  youe  I  had,  whiche 
of  his  greate  goodncs  it  pleasithe  his  highnes  to  avouche  at 
this  tyme  vnto  youe.  But  nowe  to  your  L7/rres.  Your  giftes 
rcceyved  of  God  be  greate,  and  somoche  the  more  cause  ye 
haue  to  thanke  him  for  them.  yo//r  other  giftes  receyved  of 
the  king  be  not  small,  and  therfor  your  s^ruice  to  his  Maiestie 
for  the  same  is  loyall  and  diligent,  and  soo  bothe  for  yonr 
discharge  and  the  saufgardc  of  yo//r  cstimac/bn  it  ought  to  be. 
yo//r  wisedom  his  grace  knowethe  in  thordre  of  your  things, 
and  therfor  desired  you  not  to  doo  him  pleasure,  if  ye  wil 
exclude  vtterly  right,  for  that  ye  could  not  vse  it  pleasantly 
yowrsclf,  but  for  that  he  thought  yours  and  his  had  not  been 
yet  soo  dcuidcd  but  he  might  w/t//  a  peace  of  prayer  haue 
doon  as  moche  w/t//  youe  in  such  a  matier  as  w/t//  a  straicte 
cowmaundcment.  What  your  debt/j  be  his  grace  knowethe 
not,  Ne  I  for  my  p^rte  haue  fully  somoche  leysowr  that  I  canne 
eyther  take  a  iust  accompt  of  youe,  of  all  that  ye  owe,  and 
haue  rcceyved  and  paied  sithens  ye  were  bisshop  of  Win- 
chcstre.  I  aduised  youe  not  to  entre  giftes  w/tA  your  prince 
wherby  your  Crcditow/s  shuld  thinke  yc  went  aboute  to  give 
away  that  wherwithe  ye  shuld  content  and  paye  them  their 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  21 

dieuties,  but  I  signified  as  a  ministre  thoughc  not  worthie  of 
credence,  his  graces  mynde  only  in  the  bestowing  of  oon  parte 
of  thre  partrs  of  that  whiche  ye  neuer  had  befor,  And  ther- 
unto  ye  made  a  reciproque  Argument  that  if  the  king  had  an 
Interest  in  the  bestowing  of  it  ye  trusted  in  consideration  of 
your  nede  and  srruice,  he  wold  bestowe  it  vppon  youe,  And 
if  the  lawe  wold  allott  it  vnto  you  ye  said  ye  trusted  his  grace 
wold  prrmytt  vnto  youe  the  vse  of  your  oune,  whiche  whenne 
I  prrceyved  that  his  Maiestie  toke  not  in  veiy  good  parte,  ne 
determyned  vppon  that  gentle  dilemma  to  leave  his  determy- 
nac/on  imp<vfite,  I  wrote  vnto  youe  freendely  aduising  youe 
rather  frankly  and  w*'t//  an  apparance  of  a  good  will  to  satisfie 
his  grace  thenne  soo  to  contende  in  it,  as  he  might  take  it  vn- 
kindely.  And  nowe  for  that  aduise  whiche  I  toke  to  be  freendly 
ye  take  greate  payne  to  make  me  beleve  that  I  haue  neyther 
freendcship  in  me  nor  honestie,  wherin  howe  freendely  ye  pro- 
cede  w/t/j  me  But  that  ye  be  moche  given  to  your  oune  Judge- 
ment, I  durst  make  yourself  the  Judge.  And  nowe  that  I  haue 
again  vttrcd  all  my  colour  towards  youe,  I  remytt  your  oune 
matier  to  your  oune  ordre,  and  shall  only  wishe  ye  maye  take 
that  waye  that  I  wold  take  and  wold  haue  taken  or  this  in  a 
semblable  cace.  Touching  your  greate  desire  of  newes  In 
good  faithe  I  wrote  asmoche  and  as  plainly  of  the  matiers 
that  chaunced  here  as  I  culd  deuise  vnles  I  shuld  haue  sent 
youe  the  very  confessions,  whiche  were  soo  abhomynable  that 
a  greate  parte  of  them  were  neuer  given  in  Evidence  but  clcrely 
kept  secrete,  that  the  king  is  maried  again  I  doubt  not  but  ye 
knowe,  And  for  your  further  satisfaction  like  as  all  his  nobles 
and  counsail  vppon  their  knees  moved  him  soo  to  doo,  soo 
hath  his  grace  I  thinke  chosen  the  vetuost  lady  and  the  veriest 
gentlewoman  that  lyveth  and  oon  that  variethe  asmoche  from 
the  conditions  of  thother  as  the  daye  variethe  from  the  night 
My  lady  Mary  is  also  a  most  obedient  child  to  the  kingcs 
highnes,  and  as  conformable  as  any  living  faithfull  subgiet 
canne  be,  the  late  princesse  the  lady  Elizabethe  is  by  parlia- 
ment pronounced  also  Illegitimate,  I  trowe  I  shall  nowe  please 
youe,  for  more  ye  cannot  require  of  me  thenne  I  canne  signifie, 
I  haue  delyurred  your  scruant  Peter  Larke  money  according 
to  your  desire  that  is  to  saye  ccxxxiii11  vi§  viiid.  I  require 
yowr  lordship  by  the  next  post  to  sende  vnto  me  the  copie 
of  the  treatie  w/'t//  the  Frenche  king  made  last  whenne  pormrey 
was  here.  And  thus  moost  hartely  Fare  youe  well  From  the 
Roulkr  the  Vth  of  July 

Your  lordshippis  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 


22  LETTERS  OF 

Add.   To  my  Veray  good  Lorde  my  lord  of  Winchcstre  the 
Ambassadowr  in  Fraunce 

Johannes  Kyngston 

Endd.  From  the  Roullcs  the  vu  of  July    Mr.  Secretary 
154.  CROMWELL  TO  JOHN  HARDING,  PRIEST. 

R.  O.  CaL  xi.  44.    July  8  <  1 536). 
Informs  him  that  the  King's  command  is  that  he  repair  to  Cromwell  at  once. 


I  Cowmendc  me  vnto  youe  Lating  you  wit  the 
pleasure  and  cowmaundement  is  that  all  excuses  and  delaycs 
set  aparte  ye  shall  incowtynently  vppon  the  right  herof  rea- 
paire  vnto  me  Wheresoeuer  I  shall  chaunce  to  be,  the  spcr/alties 
wherof  ye  shall  knowe  at  your  cuwmyng  w;t//out  failling 
thus  to  doo  as  ye  will  answer  at  your  prrill.  From  the 
Koullfj  the  viiith  daye  of  July 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Resayd  the  morow  aftrr  St.  Mary  Mawdlcn  day 

Add.  To  Sir  John  Harding  parishe  prest  of  Harding 
Endd.  My  Lord   is  \rtttrt   to   Sir  John    Harding   parish 
prcst  of  Harding 

155.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  55.    July  10(1536). 

Protests  that  his  last  letters  to  Lisle  have  been  written  in  a  spirit  of  perfect 
friendship.  Promises  to  let  him  know  when  he  can  come  over  to 
meet  the  King  at  Dover. 

After  my  right  harty  recowmendac/bn  vnto  your  good 
lordship  thiese  shalbe  to  adurrtise  the  same  that  I  haue  res- 
ccyved  your  \ctteres  and  prrsayve  aswell  by  thesame  as  by 
other  reaport  that  ye  shuld  take  unkyndly  my  l/7/<res  lately 
sent  vnto  you,  takyng  therby  occasion  to  iuge  me  to  be  dis- 
pleased \\i\Jt  you.  I  assure  yowr  lordship  howe  so  ever  I  wrote 
I  ment  no  ill,  but  for  asmoche  as  yowr  former  lr//^res  and 
myne  were  so  writen  that  ncyther  of  vs  undcrstode  thcsamc 
well,  as  yowr  lordshippis  lovyng  frynd  I  wrote  the  more 
playnly  for  the  tyme  to  geve  you  occasion  to  set  forward 
that  weighty  bcsynes  as  the  necessite  therof  dyd  then  require, 
mcnyng  no  thing  elles  touching  any  displeasure  then  your 
very  prrfait  frynd  myght  do.  I  haue  byn  ones  in  hand  w/tA 
the  king<-j  highnes  to  opteyne  licence  that  yowr  lordship 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  23 

myght  come  over  to  mete  \vitA  his  sayd  highnes  at  Dovoir 
when  he  shuld  come  thither,  but  as  yet  I  haue  no  determynate 
answer  thcrin  but  when  I  shall  resceyve  the  same  I  shall  more 
largely  adu^rtise  your  lordship  therof  by  huse  your  struaunt 
who  attendithe  here  (as  he  saithe)  for  that  purpose.  Thus  the 
blessed  Trenyte  p^rserue  your  good  lordship.  At  the  rolles 
the  Xth  day  of  Julye. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  the  right  honourable  and  my  veray   good  lord 
the  Vicount  lisle  the  Kynges  Depute  at  Calays. 

Endd.  my  lorde  pmrisaillis. 


156.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  191 ;  Cal.  xi.  152.    July  23  (1536). 

Has  perceived  that  Gardiner  is  hurt  by  what  Cromwell  wrote  about  Brian. 
Thinks  the  matter  had  better  drop  now,  and  assures  Gardiner  of  his 
friendship.  Cf.  Letters  147,  149,  and  153. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons  to  your  Lordshippe, 
By  this  currowr  ye  shall  receyve  the  king^r  highnes  answer 
to  suche  If //ires  as  ye  haue  lately  dispeched  vnto  him,  thefifecte 
wherof  I  doubt  not  but  ye  will  considre  and  accomplishe  if 
ye  maye  as  shall  appertayn.  And  forasmoche  as  by  your 
last  \c //rres  of  the  xijth  of  this  moneth  writen  to  me,  I  pe rceyve 
that  vppon  myn  writen  befor  touching  the  cause  of  Maister 
Brian  ye  were  suwwhat  moved,  gathering  what  ye  could,  and 
applieng  the  same  if  not  colerikly  I  must  nedes  thinke  melan- 
coulily,  to  your  purpose  vritA  chauwge  of  some  of  my  \vor6es 
and  sentence  to  make  your  matier  the  more  apparant  being 
yet  freendely  disputed,  to  thintent  the  matier  therof  might 
haue  no  further  mention,  being  nowe  come  to  a  good  ende 
bothe  for  the  k'inges  highnes  satisfaction,  and  the  remoc/on 
of  that  hote  matier  from  bothe  our  stomakes  who  be  nowe, 
as  for  myn  oune  parte  I  dare  avouchc,  soo  I  think  for  yours 
clerely  purged,  like  as  I  commenced  the  same  freendely  w/tA 
youe,  that  is  to  saye  that  parte  wherin  at  the  lest  appered 
a  contencion  Soo,  now  I  require  youe,  for  your  parte  to 
finishe  freendely  that  ye  haue  promysed  as  I  doubte  not  but 
ye  will,  and  to  wrappe  vppe  the  rest  in  the  patent  to  be  made 
of  the  same.  For  I  am  for  my  parte  even  the  same  man 
I  was  befor,  that  is  your  assured  Freende,  thoughe  in  this  mater 
thinking  myself  a  litle  touched  I  wrote  suwwhat  quykly,  and 


24  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

double  not  in  you  to  fynde  the  semblable  inclynac/on  towards 
me  And  thus  moost  hartcly  Fare  youe  well  from  Dover  the 
xxiii"1  of  July 

I  require  your  Lordship  to  make  myn  harty  cowmenda- 
c/ons  to  Maister  Walloppe. 

*  Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd  frcnd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lord  my  lord  of  Winchestre  the 
Ambassadowr  in  fraunce. 


Etidd.  From  Dover  the  xxiii*11  of  July  the  lorde  Pr/vay 
Seel 


157.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE  AND  THE  COUNCIL 
OF  CALAIS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  307.    Aug.  I  (1536). 

Begs  to  be  informed  of  the  reasons  that  Edward  Thwaites  can  bring 
forward  for  his  statement  that  the  office  of  the  Lantern  belongs  to 
him  by  inheritance. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendac/bns  Forasmoche  as  my 
struaunt  Edwarde  Thwaytes  hathe  declared  vnto  me  that  he 
canne  prove  sufficiently  that  the  office  of  the  Lantern  be- 
longith  vnto  him  by  the  cours  of  his  Enheritance,  in  whiche 
cace  the  Interest  of  Cornwales  is  determyned,  like  as  I 
thought  convenient  to  desire  and  pray  youe  fauorably  and 
indifferently  w/t//out  respecte  to  here,  see  and  considre  what 
he  shall  in  that  behaulf  alledge  shewe  and  declare  for  him- 
self Soo  I  doubt  not  but  fynding  him  to  be  rightfully  entiteled 
vnto  it,  ye  will  according  to  Justice  restore  him  to  the 
possession  therof  in  suche  sorte  as  he  or  his  Auncestowrs 
befor  him  haue  had  and  enioyed  the  same.  And  what  ye 
shall  Fynde  in  this  matier  vppon  suche  examynacion  I 
require  youe  to  signifie  also  vnto  me  accordingly.  And  thus 
Fare  you  hartely  well  From  Oxford  the  first  of  August. 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lord  the  viscounte  lisle  dcputie  of 
Calayes  and  to  all  other  of  the  kingi;  Counsail  there 

Endd.  my  lord  pr/uy  scale 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  25 

158.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (CHAPUYS)  l. 

Vienna  Archives  ;  Cal.  xi.  306.    Aug.  15  (1536). 

Has  been  informed  that  the  Emperor's  subjects  in  the  Netherlands  rob 
and  maltreat  the  English,  especially  by  sea.  Begs  him  to  write  for 
redress  in  order  that  the  friendship  of  the  King  and  the  Emperor 
may  not  cool. 

Monseigncur.  Par  ce  present  porteur,  que  j'ay  faict  des- 
pecher  au  plus  tost  quil  ma  este  possible  sans  longuement  le 
retarder,  je  vous  ay  bien  voulu  aduertir  que  les  subiectz  de 
lempereur  vre.  maistre  en  ses  pays  dembas  maltraictent  et 
journellement  molestent  et  pyllent  et  desroubent  les  subiectz 
du  roy  mon  maistre,  comme  speciallement  ilz  ont  faict  puis 
nagueres  par  la  mer,  de  quoy  je  vous  prie  rescripre  de  par 
dcla  et  faire  tant  que  sera  possible,  non  seullement  que  telz 
oultraiges  cessent  pour  le  temps  aduenir,  mais  aussi  que 
redresse  en  soit  faicte,  et  que  lesd.  subiectz  puissent  som- 
mairement  estre  recompcnsez  entierement  accordant  droict  et 
raison  ;  a  quoy  monseigneur,  je  vous  prie  daultant,  que  par 
les  moyens  les  choses  se  porroient  exasperer,  et  led.  sei- 
gneur roy  non  sans  cause  estre  desplaisant,  si  rcmcde  nyestoit 
mys  ainsi  qu'il  appartient,  et  par  ce  les  bons  propoz  au  tant 
vous  que  moy  auons  tant  la  bonte  ct  pris  de  paine  estre 
interruptez  ou  refroydyz,  vous  vueillez  vous  y  employer  et 
y  tenir  la  main  en  tant  que  vous  sera  possible,  de  sorte  que 
le  roy  mond.  maistre  puisse  par  effect  congnoistre  que  lesd. 
exces  sont  faict  sans  le  sceu  et  adueu  de  lempereur  et  de 
madame,  et  que  par  tollerance  ilz  ne  semb'e  quilz  les  vueillent 
ratifier,  ains  plus  tost  reprouuer  punissant  les  malfacteurs 
a  lexemple  des  aultres:  et  jespoire  que  ce  faisant  et  veu  la 
bonne  inclination  que  Ion  rescript  estre  de  par  dela,  que  noz 
affaires  sortiront  et  auront  bon  succes,  honnorable  a  tous 
princes  ct  prouffitable  au  bien  vniuersel  de  la  chrestiente. 
A  tant  monsr  apres  mestre  recommande  tres  affectueusement 
a  vre.  bonne  grace  je  prie  a  nre.  createur  vous  auoir  en  sa  tres 
saincte  et  digne  garde. 

Escript  a  Oking  le  xv6  daoust. 

159.  CROMWELL'S  INJUNCTIONS  TO  THE  CLERGY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  377.    August,  1536. 

Directions  to  the  clergy  how  to  preach,  and  what  to  insist  upon.  They 
are  to  teach  all  children  and  servants  the  Lord's  Prayer,  the  Articles 
of  Faith  and  the  Ten  Commandments  in  English.  They  are  not  to 
haunt  ale-houses  or  play  cards.  All  those  benericed  above  ^20  yearly, 
are  to  give  away  one-fortieth  of  their  revenue.  Cf.  Letter  273. 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


26  LETTERS  OF  [1536 

In  the  name  of  god  Amen  in  the  ycrc  of  our  Lorde  god 
a  thousandc  five  hundrcth  syxt  and  thritty,  and  of  the  moste 
noble  reignc  of  our  soueraigne  Lordc  Henry  the  VIIIth  king 
of  England  &  of  fraunce,  defcnsowr  of  the  faith  Lorde  of 
Ireland,  and  in  crthe  supreme  hedde  of  the  churche  of  Eng- 
land the  xxviii"1  ycrc  and  the  daic  of  August  Thoiruzs 
Crunuvcll  knyght  Lorde  Crumwell  kcper  of  the  privcy  Scale 
of  our  said  soueraigne  Lordc  the  king  and  vitzgcrcnt  to  the 
same  for  and  cowcernyng  all  his  Jurisdiction  ecclesiastical  1 
within  this  Kealme.  Visiting  by  the  kingw  highcncs  supreme 
auctoritic  ccclrjiasticall  the  people  and  clergie  of  this  deanrie 
of  N  by  onr  trustie  Cow/missarie  Mr.  N.  N.  doctowr  of  lawc, 
Lawfully  constitute  and  deputed  for  this  partc  hauc  to  the 
glorye  of  allmightic  god,  to  the  kingrj  highcnes  honour  the 
publiquc  weale  of  this  his  rcalme,  and  cncrcasc  of  vcrtuc  in 
the  same,  appoyntcd  and  assigned  thies  Injunctions  cnsuyng 
to  be  kept  and  obserucd  of  the  deane,  persons,  vicarcs  curates 
and  stipendiaries  resiante  or  having  cure  of  soulc  or  any  other 
sp/viall  adm///istracion  within  this  deanrie  vnder  the  paynes 
hereafter  limited  &  appoyntcd. 

The  Firste  is  that  the  deane  persons,  vicars  and  other 
hauyng  cure  of  soulle  anywhere  within  this  deanrye  shall 
faithfully  kepc  and  obserue,  and  as  farre  as  in  thcym  mayc  be, 
shall  cause  to  be  kept  and  obserued  of  other  all  and  singular 
Lawcs  &  statute  ot  this  Rcalme  made  for  thabolisshing  and 
extirpacion  of  the  busshop  of  Romes  prr/rnsed  power  and 
Jurisdiction  within  this  Rcalme.  And  for  thcstablishmcwt 
and  cowfirmacion  of  the  king«  Authoritie  and  Jurisdiction 
within  the  same,  as  of  the  supreme  hcdd  of  the  churche  of 
Englande ;  and  shall  declare  at  the  Leaste  wise  ones  eucry 
quarter  of  a  yere  in  their  sermons  howc  this  busshop  of  Romcs 
vsurpcd  power  and  Jurisdiction  hauing  no  establishment  nor 
grounde  by  the  Lawe  of  god  was  of  moste  iustc  causes  taken 
awcye  and  abolisshed.  And  that  thcrforc  they  owe  vnto  hym 
no  mancr  of  obedience  or  subjection.  And  that  the  kingrj  power 
is  within  his  dominion  the  highest  potentate  or  power  vndcr 
god,  to  whom  all  men  within  the  same  do////nion  by  goddrj 
cowmaundcment  owe  moste  Loyaltie  and  obedience,  afore  and 
abouc  all  other  powers  and  potentates  in  crthc. 

Also  in  the  same  their  sermons  the  persons,  vicarcs  and 
other  curates  aforesaid  shall  diligently  admonishe,  the  parents 
Maisters  and  gouernowrs  of  youthe  being  within  their  cure  to 
tcachc  or  cause  to  be  taught  their  children  evyn  from  their 
infancie  their  pater  nostcr,  tharticlcs  of  our  faithc,  and  the 
x  commaundcmcntrj  in  their  mothers  toong,  and  the  same 
so  taught  shall  cause  the  said  youthe  ofte  to  repctc  and  vn- 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  27 

drcstande.  And  to  thintent  this  maye  be  the  more  easely 
doom*  the  said  Curates  shall  in  their  sermoncs  deliberately  and 
planely  recite  one  clause  of  the  said  pater  noster,  articles  or 
cow/maundementer  one  daye  and  a  nother  a  nother  daie  till 
the  hole  be  taught  and  lerned  by  Litle  &  Litle.  And  shall 
deliuer  the  same  in  writing  or  shewe  where  printed  bookcs 
cowtcynyng  the  same  be  to  be  solde,  to  theym  that  can  reade 
and  woll  desire  the  same.  And  therto  that  the  said  parents 
Maisters  and  gouernowrs  do  bestowe  their  children  evyn  fro;« 
their  childehod  other  to  Lernyng  or  to  some  other  honest  exer- 
cise occupac/on  or  husbandrie.  Leaste  at  any  tymc  afterwarde, 
they  be  driven  for  lacke  of  some  misterie  or  occupacrbn  to  live 
by,  to  fall  to  begging  stealing  or  some  other  vnthriftynes. 
Sithe  we  may  see  dayli  through  slouth  and  ydlenes  diuers 
valiaunte  men  fall  some  to  begging  and  some  to  thefte  and 
murder,  whiche  after  brought  to  calamitie  and  miscrie  im- 
puteth  a  greate  parte  therof  to  their  frendrj  &  gouernowrs, 
which  suffred  theym  to  be  brought  up  so  ydelly  in  their 
youthes.  Where  yf  they  had  bcne  well  educated  and  brought 
up  in  some  good  IrVrrature  occupacion  or  misterie  they  shulde 
being  rulers  of  their  owne  familie  haue  profited  aswell  theym- 
self  as  diuers  other  prrsons  to  the  greate  co;«moditie  and 
ornamewt  of  the  common  weale. 

Also  that  the  said  persons  vicares  and  other  curates  shall 
diligently  prouide  that  the  sacrame;/t«  and  sacramewtall^  be 
duely  and  reuerently  miwwtred  in  their  parishes.  And  if  at 
any  tyme  it  happen  theym  other  by  the  cases  expressed  in 
the  statute  of  this  realme  or  of  sprnall  licence  geuen  by  the 
kingrj  maiestie  to  be  absent  frow  their  benefices  they  shall 
leave  their  cure  not  to  a  rude  and  vnlerned  person  but  to  a 
good,  lerned  &  experte  curate,  that  maye  teache  the  rude  and 
vnlerned  of  their  cure,  holsome  doctrine  and  reduce  theym  to 
the  right  weye  that  doo  erre,  And  allwaye  lett  theym  soe 
that  nother  they  nor  their  vicares  doo  seke  more  their  owne 
pr^uffit  than  the  pr0uffit  of  the  Soulles  that  they  haue  vnder 
their  cure  or  the  glorie  of  god. 

And  to  thintent  that  lerned  men  maye  hereafter  spring  the 
more  for  thexecution  of  the  premisses,  euery  person  vicar 
clerk  or  beneficed  man  within  this  deanrie  hauyng  yerely  to 
dispende  in  benefices  or  other  promotions  of  the  churche  a 
hundreth  pounds  shall  geue  competent  exhibition  to  one 
scholar  And  for  as  many  hundreth  pounds  more  as  he  maye 
dispende  to  so  many  scholars  more  shall  geve  like  exhibicion 
in  the  vniurrsite  of  oxforde  or  cambrige  or  some  gramer 
schole.  Which  after  that  they  haue  pnmffitted  in  good  Lern- 
yng may  be  parteners  of  their  patrones  cure  and  charge,  aswell 


28  LETTERS  OF  [1536 

in  preaching  as  otherwise  in  thcxccution  of  their  offices.  Or 
maye  whan  ncde  shalbe,  otherwise  prtmffit  the  common  wcalc 
with  their  counsaill  and  wisdomc. 

Beside  this  to  thintcnt  that  all  supwrsticion  and  ypochrisie 
crept  into  diuers  mens  hartes  mayc  vanyshe  aweye,  they  shall 
not  sett  forthe  or  extolle  any  images  reliqucs  or  miracles  fur 
any  superstition  or  Lucre.  Nor  allure  the  people  by  any 
entisemcntrj  to  the  pilgrcmage  of  any  sainct  (otherwise  than 
is  j>crmitted  in  tharticles  Lately  condescended  vpon  by  the 
clcrgie  of  this  realme  in  conuocation)  as  though  it  were  proper 
or  peculiar  to  that  sainct  to  geve  this  cowmoditie  or  that. 
Sithrnj  all  goodnes,  helthe  and  grace,  ought  to  be  bothe  asked 
and  loked  for  onely  of  god,  as  of  the  very  authowr  of  the 
same,  for  without  hym  it  can  not  be  given.  But  they  shall 
exhortc  aswcll  their  parishioners  as  other  pilgremes,  that  they 
doo  rather  applie  theymself  to  the  kcping  of  goddrj  co/n- 
maundementAr  and  fullfilling  of  his  workrj  of  charitie.  And 
persuade  theym,  that  it  dothe  conduce  more  towarde  their 
soulrj  helthe  yf  they  doo  geve  that  to  the  poore  and  nedy, 
that  they  thought  to  bcstowe  vpon  the  said  images  or 
reliqucs. 

Also  the  said  clerkes  shall  in  no  wise  at  any  vnlaw- 
full  tyme  nor  for  any  other  cause  than  their  honest  neces- 
sitie  haunte  or  reasorte  to  any  tavernes  or  alehouses.  And 
after  their  dyner  and  souper  they  shall  not  geve  theymself 
to  drinking  and  ryote  sitting  all  daye  at  Tables  or  cardes 
playng  and  any  other  vnlawfull  game  and  sprrially  with  vn- 
honest  and  vnthryftye  persons.  But  whan  they  haue  suche 
Leasure,  they  shall  reade  or  here  somewhat  of  holyscripture, 
or  shall  occupie  theymself  with  some  other  like  honest  exer- 
cise. And  lett  theym  allweys  doo  those  things  which  maye 
apperteigne  to  good  congruence  &  honestie  wit//  prtniffit  of 
the  co/nmunc  wcale,  Having  allweys  in  mynde  howe  they 
ought  to  excclle  all  other  in  puritie  of  Jif,  and  shuld  be  example 
to  all  other  to  live  well  and  christianely. 

To  this  bicause  the  goodrj  of  the  churche  are  called  the 
goodfs  of  the  poore,  and  at  thies  daies  nothing  is  lesse  seen 
than  the  poore  to  be  susteyned  with  the  same.  We  woll  that 
all  persones  and  vicares  and  other  beneficed  men  and  pension- 
aries within  this  dcanry  not  being  resident  vpon  their  benefices, 
which  maye  dispcnde  yerely  xx"  or  aboue,  other  within  this 
dcanrie  or  elswhere,  doo  distribute  hereafter  yerely  amonges 
their  poore  parishioners,  or  other  inhabitauntrj  there  in  the 
presence  of  the  churche  wardens  or  some  other  honest  men 
of  the  parishe  the  fourtieth  parte  of  the  frutfj  and  revenues 
of  their  said  benefices  Leaste  they  be  not  vnworthely  noted 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  29 

of  ingratitude,  which  reseruyng  so  many  partes  to  thcymsclf, 
can  not  vouchesauf  to  imparte  the  fourtieth  portion  therof 
cmongcs  the  poore  people  of  that  parish  that  is  so  frutefull 
and  pn?uffitable  vnto  theym. 

Also  that  all  persons  Vicares  and  Clerks  hauyng  churches 
chappels  or  mansions  within  this  deanrie  shall  bestowe  yerely 
hereafter  vpon  the  same  mansions  or  chauncels  of  their  churches 
being  in  dccaye,  the  fifte  parte  of  that  their  beneficies,  till  they 
be  fully  repared,  And  the  same  so  rcpared  shall  allweys  kepe 
and  mayntene  in  good  state. 

Item  where  as  certain  articles  were  lately  deuysed  and  putt 
foorth  by  the  Kinges  Authentic  and  condescended  vpon  by 
the  Prelate  and  clergie  of  this  his  Realme  in  cowuocation, 
Wherof  parte  are  necessarie  to  be  holden  and  biloued  for  c>ur 
saluacion,  And  thother  parte  doo  cowcerne  and  touche  certain 
laudable  ceremonies,  rites  and  vsages  of  the  churche  mete  and 
co;/uenie;/t  to  be  kept  and  vsed  for  a  decent  and  a  politique 
ordre  in  the  same,  The  said  deane  parsons,  vicares  and  other 
curates  shall  so  open  and  declare  the  said  articles  vnto  theym 
that  be  vnder  their  cure,  that  they  maye  playnly  knowe  and 
discerne,  which  of  the  said  articles  be  necessarie  for  their 
saluacion,  and  which  of  the  same  doo  but  cowcerne  the  decent 
and  politique  order  of  the  said  churche.  And  the  firste  dili- 
gently to  plante  and  inculcate  into  the  mynd^j  of  their  parish- 
ioners :  and  to  she  we  thother  to  be  laudable  &  expedient  & 
not  to  be  co;/tc;//pned  albeit  that  no  man  may  reken  hymself 
to  be  saued  by  thobseruyng  of  theym. 

Moreouer,  that  they  shall  declare  vnto  all  suche  as  be  vnder 
their  cure  tharticles  likewise  deuysed,  putt  foorth  and  Autho- 
rized of  late  for  and  cowcernyng  the  abrogacion  of  certain 
superfluous  holydaies  according  to  theffect  and  purportc  of  the 
same  articles.  And  prrsuade  their  parishioners  to  kepe  and 
obserue  the  same  iwuiolately  as  things  holesomely  pr^uided 
decreyd  and  establisshed  by  commune  consent  and  publique 
Authoritie,  for  the  weale  cowmoditie  and  pnmffit  of  all  this 
Realme. 

All  which  and  singular  Injunctions  we  woll  shalbe  i;/uio- 
lately  obserued  of  the  said  deane,  persons,  vicares  curate, 
stipendiaries  and  other  clerk^j  and  beneficed  men  vnder  the 
peync  of  suspension  and  sequcstracion  of  the  frutrj  of  their 
beneficies,  vntill  they  haue  dooru?  their  duetie  according  to 
thies  Injunctions. 

Endd.  Injunctions  for  the  Clergie  publysshed  by  the  Lord 
Crumwell  vicegerent  to  the  kinge  etc  a//;/o  28  H  8. 

And  again  To  Mr  wricthesley.    Iniunctions  for  the  Clergie. 


30  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

160.    (CROMWELL)  TO  JOHN  WHALLEY  AND  OTHER 
OFFICERS  AT  DOVER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  379.    Aug.  <  1  536). 

Has  admitted  John  Gold  to  be  head  clerk  for  the  King  at  his  works  at 
Dover.    He  is  to  be  paid  ife/.  a  day  and  the  arrears  due  to  him. 


John  Whallcy  and  other  of  the  kyngtt  officers  thcr,  I  cow- 
mend  me  vnto  you.  Ye  shall  vnderstand  I  hauc  not  only 
admyttyd  for  the  kyng  this  berar  John  Golde  tobc  in  his 
gracrj  workrj  at  Dowr  hcde  Clarke  for  his  highnes  ther.  But 
also  to  hauc  the  recepte  of  all  that  (is)  met  for  his  graa\r 
workes.  And  to  kepe  his  booke  as  accostomablye  he  hathc 
vsid  hertofore.  Therfore  for  suchc  payens  and  good  s/'ruicrj 
that  is  informyd  me  he  hathc  done  and  intcndythc  to  doo  for 
the  kyngrr  profyght  and  advauntage,  ye  shall  vpon  the  syght 
herof  paye  vnto  hym  his  wadgrj  of  xiid  for  eurry  daye 
contynually.  And  aswell  the  areragrj  of  the  same  due  vnto 
hym  before  this  daye  as  vnto  this  daye  all  redye  due. 
And  in  this  yo//r  so  doyng  ye  shall  desrrue  of  me  harty 
thankes,  as  knowyth  god.  At  the  daye  of  August. 

Endd.   Aug.    John  Whalley. 

161.    CROMWELL  TO  SIR  GILBERT  TALBOT  AND  JOHN 

RUSSELL. 

Library  of  William  Berington,  Esq.,  of  Little  Malvern  Court  ;  not  in  Cal. 

Sept.  7  <I536>. 

Requests  them  to  examine  the  vicar  of  Crowle  in  Worcestershire,  and 
to  report  what  they  learn  from  him.  Torture  may  be  used  if  necessary. 

After  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons  I  haue  receyved  yo//r 
Isf/t-rcs  touching  the  lewd  c0ww««ication  of  the  vicar  of 
crowley  and  haue  declared  the  contents  of  the  same  to  the 
kingr^  highnes  Who  taketh  yo//r  faithful!  diligenses  thcrin  in 
very  good  parte  and  for  answer  hath  co/wmaunded  me  to 
signific  vnto  youc  that  his  pleasure  is  yc  shall  cftsoncs  examyn 
the  prest  himself  vppon  what  groundc  he  vttcred  that  com- 
/;/////  ication  Vsing  all  the  waycs  ye  canne  possibly  deuisc  to 
tishc  out  of  him  whither  he  hathe  had  any  owww////ication 
thereof  \\i\Ji  any  other  prrsonne  or  whither  he  knowc  any  man 
mynded  or  disposed  if  he  might  get  suche  oportunytie  to 
suche  pwrpose  not  sparing  for  the  knowlcage  hereof  to  pynche 
him  w/'t/i  paynes  to  the  declarac/bn  of  it  in  case  good  adu*v- 
tiscmcnt  will  not  scrue  to  the  same.  And  what  ye  shall  fynde 
herin  tadurrtise  keping  him  in  the  meanc  season  in  sucr  and 
sauf  Custodye  your  paynes  wherin  his  grace  woll  consider 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  31 

accordingly  and  thus  Fare  youe  hartely  well.     From  Grafton 
the  viitb  of  September. 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

I  sende  you  again  for  your  better  instruction  the  examyna- 
cion  taken  of  this  matier. 

Add.  To  my  loving  Freendes  sir  Gilbert  Talbot  knight  and 
John  Russell  esquier  and  to  eyther  of  them. 


162.   CROMWELL  TO  SIR  JOHN  CLARK,  JOHN  WILLIAMS, 
AND  GEORGE  GIFFORD. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  446.    Sept.  12  (1536). 

Desires  them  to  inquire  on  the  King's  behalf  if  the  report  be  true  that 
Sir  John  Browne  has  a  mill  in  Oxfordshire,  which  annoys  others  by 
causing  their  lands  to  be  flooded. 

In  my  right  harty  maner  I  co;«mende  me  vnto  youe  Lating 
youe  wit  that  forasmoche  as  complaint  is  made  to  the  kinges 
highnes  that  Sir  John  Browne  hath  a  certain  Milne  in  the 
countie  of  Oxford  whiche  doth  annoye  the  king^j  other 
Subgiette s  adioyning  to  the  same.  Spe«'ally  in  the  surunding 
and  overflowing  of  their  grounds.  His  graces  pleasure  is 
that  youe  thre  or  at  the  least  two  of  you  shall  view  the  said 
Mylne  and  examyn  indifferently  thinhabitauntej  aboute  of  the 
damage  it  doth  vnto  them  and  what  ye  shal  fynde  therin  to 
signifie  in  writing  to  me  with  Diligence  And  thus  Fare  you 
hartely  well  From  Grafton  the  xiith  of  Septembre. 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  loving  FreenoVj  Sir  John  Clerk  knight  John 
WillzVzms  and  George  Gififord  esquiers  and  to  eurry  of  them 

Endd.  My  lorde  privye  scale  is  letfcres  sent  to  Sir  John 
clerk  knight  John  Willwms  and  George  gifforde  esquiers 

163.    CROMWELL  TO  THE  PRIOR  OF  ST.  FAITH'S. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  484.    Sept.  23  (1536). 

Informs  him  that  his  house,  though  on  the  list  of  those  which  the  King 
has  decided  to  suppress,  has  been  saved  by  Cromwell's  diligence. 
Begs  him  to  consider  the  trouble  to  which  Cromwell  has  been  put, 
and  hints  that  a  reward  would  be  acceptable.  Cf.  Letter  180. 

Right  wclbclouyd  In  god  I  Recowmend  me  to  yow  etc.  the 
cawys  off  my  wrytyng  at  thys  tyme  ys  thys  For  as  myche  as 


32  LETTERS  OF  [1536 


ytt  ple^sfj  the  king  off  his  Rcgall  power  to  take  Rcfformac/on 
of  all  and  singular  howsr.r  off  Rclygyon  w/V/in  the  dyocw  off 
Norwychc  lyke  as  hys  Grace  hawys  done  In  other  p\acfs  and 
For  the  abwsyon  off  Relygyon  and  excess^  off  lyffyng  (some) 
schalbe  deposyd  off  the  wyche  yowcr  howsc  was  byllyd  and 
namyd  to  be  on  that  nott  w/t//standyng  by  the  labor  off 
yower  Fryndfs  mayd  to  me  w/t^  my  dyllygcns  yower  howse 
ys  takyn  owt  off  the  kyngrr  bokys  and  w/t//  owt  dangirr  and 
so  schall  Remane  tyll  the  Retorne  off  thys  my  chaplaine  off 
woys  Report  hangrr  yower  Infformac/on  to  the  cowwscll  wome 
I  wyll  that  yow  schall  Rcceue  as  my  trusty  chaplaine  and 
thes  pleswrr  cowsedrryd  as  I  haue  dysseruyd  to  loke  to  my 
pants  and  to  the  berer  here  off  as  yow  wold  haue  Ferther 
pleswrr  scoyd  off  me  In  lyke  ma.\.tieres  For  the  mayntcnans  off 
yower  howse  I  am  the  more  boldrr  to  wrytt  by  cawse  that  Itt 
hawys  benc  suwtws  to  me  off  layt  as  the  berer  here  off  caw 
expres  more  planely  to  you.  VVryttyn  att  london  the  xxiii1 
day  of  September 

By  me 

THOMAS  CRUMWEI.L 

Add.    To  the  Reu^rentt  Father  in  God  prior  off  saint 
Fathys  be  thys  d.d. 


164.    CROMWELL  TO  JOHN  RUSSELL. 

Library  of  William  Berington,  Esq.,  of  Little  Malvcrn  Court ;  not  in  Cal. 

Oct.  8  (1536). 

Requests  him  to  keep  the  person  of  whom  he  has  written  in  custody, 
until  Cromwell  can  get  leisure  to  examine  the  matter.    Cf.  Letter  161. 

In  my  right  hertie  marvr  I  comende  me  vnto  you  Adurr- 
tesing  the  same  that  I  haue  receyucd  yo//r  l<7/<-res  w/'t//  also 
thinformacibns  ayenst  the  person  that  ye  wrote  to  me  of 
wherein  being  at  this  tyme  enbusied  aboutrj  other  affaires 
of  greater  importance  I  haue  none  oportunytc  to  answer  you 
conucnyently,  but  rather  gyuyng  you  tliankcs  for  yowr  payncs 
taken  in  that  behalf  do  rcquyre  and  pray  you  for  the  tyme  to 
comyttc  the  saide  person  to  wardc  and  sauf  custodic  till  this 
troubclous  season  be  a  little  quyeted  that  I  may  haue  leyso///- 
to  order  the  maticr  accordyngly  not  doubtyng  but  or  this  yc 
haue  reccyued  the  kingrjlr/A-rcs  thcffectc  and  teano///-  whereof 
I  doubt  not  yc  will  ensue  according  to  suchc  trust  as  the 
binges  highncs  hathc  cowmyttcd  vnto  you  in  that  behalf 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  33 

And   so   Fare    ye   well    at   Wyndeso«r   the   viij11*    daye  of 
October 

Yo«r  louyng  Freende 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 
In  your  monasterye  I  wyll  do  my  best 

Add.  To  my  louyng  frende  Mr.  John  Russel  oon*  of  the 
counsaile  in  the  marches  of  Wales. 


165.    CROMWELL  TO  THE  EARL  OF  SHREWSBURY. 

Heralds'  College  of  Arms  ;    Shrewsb.  MSS.  A.  f.  61 ;  Cal.  xi.  612. 
Oct.  9,  1536. 

Thanks  him  profusely  for  his  letters,  and  praises  his  loyal  service  to 
the  King.  Informs  him  that  all  the  munitions  he  wrote  for  are 
on  the  way. 

My  singuler  good  lord  after  my  most  hertye  Recowmen- 
dacyons  this  shalbe  to  adu^rtyse  the  same  of  the  Recept  of 
your  honorable  \e tares  the  sight  wherof  -with  the  demonstra- 
cyon  of  your  Nobyll  courage  and  trowthe  hath  so  cowflfortyd 
me  that  whylys  I  lyue  and  yf  I  myght  after  my  deth  I  wooll 
&  woolde  honour  yow  &  your  posteryte  as  the  man  and  most 
woorthye  Erll  that  euer  seruyd  a  prynce  and  suche  a  chefFtayn 
as  ys  worthye  eternal  I  glorye  my  lorde  I  assure  [you]  I  wrytt 
thys  vfit/i  my  veray  hart  and  I  pray  god  to  gyue  me  sum 
occasyon  to  doo  yow  pleasure  whyll  ye  lyue  and  to  your 
posteryte  yf  I  ouer  lyue  yow.  I  woold  ye  knew  as  well  as 
I  how  the  kinges  highnes  reputyth  your  most  acceptable 
&  Loyall  seruyce  which  ye  shall  right  well  rvrsayue  by  the 
Tenowr  of  his  gracyous  letteres  to  yow  dyrectyd  at  thys  tyme 
my  lord  all  suche  habylymentt^j  &  munyscyons  For  the 
warrys  which  yow  wrott  For  w*t^  money  plentye  ys  alredye 
vppon  the  way  towardes  yow  &  shall  god  willing  be  witA  yow 
shortlye  and  thus  our  lorde  send  your  lordshyp  as  long  lyf 
and  aswell  to  Fare  as  I  woold  myself,  and  then  ye  sholde  be 
in  goodd  helth  and  but  xxx  yeres  of  age.  Wrytten  at 
Wyndsor  the  ixth  daye  of  October  anno  R.  R.1  H.  viii.  xxviii"1 
w/t/r  the  hastye  and  layserles  hande  of  hym  that  ys  yours 
in  hert 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  Lorde  my  lord  of  Shrewisbury 
lord  Stewarde  of  the  kinges  houshold. 

1  i,  e.  Regni  Regis. 

MEKK1MAN.     II  D 


34  LETTERS  OF  [1536 

166.  CROMWELL  TO  MR.  GOSTWICK  AND  MR.  STOMPE. 

R.  O.  CaL  xi  875.    Oct.  26  (1536). 

Requests  them  to  suffer  Lord  Powis  to  occupy  the  monastery  of  Strad- 
marsell  in  Montgomeryshire,  as  it  was  sold  to  him  before  the  making 
of  the  Act  for  the  dissolution  of  religious  houses. 

I  commend  me  hartely  vnto  you.  And  for  asmochc  as  the 
Monastery  of  Stradmarsell  in  Powes  land  was  bargayncd  and 
sold  vnto  my  lord  Powes  and  he  in  possession  therof  before 
the  makyng  of  the  act.  I  require  you  to  suffer  my  sayd  lorde 
powes  to  occupie  and  enioye  the  same  accordyngly,  till  suche 
tyme  that  you  shall  come  hither  that  I  may  more  largely  de- 
clare and  shcwe  vnto  you  the  kinges  pleasure  in  that  behalfe, 
hauyng  regard  that  ye  leve  suche  goodes  and  [chat]allys  as  be- 
longed to  the  sayd  monastery  w/t^  my  sayd  lord  or  his  depute 
by  bill  indented  betwixt  my  lord  or  his  depute  and  you,  men- 
cionyng  eurry  thing  particulerly,  and  thesayd  lord  powes  shall 
not  only  make  answer  therfore,  but  also  for  the  rentes  and 
profits  therof,  if  the  case  shall  so  require.  Thus  fare  ye  well. 
From  Wyndesore  the  xxvi*  day  of  October. 

Yo«r  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add*  To  my  lovyng  fryndts  Maister  Gostwike  and  Maister 
Stompe  the  Kmges  Cowmyssioners  in  North  Wales  and  to 
cu*ry  of  them 

Endd.  my  lorde  pr/vye  scale  is  k//nres  Resayued  the  xx* 
daie  of  Marche 

167.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  BUTLER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  919.    Oct  30  (1536). 

The  King  thanks  him  for  his  diligence,  and  Cromwell  rejoices  to  hear 
that  the  Earl  of  Derby  and  others  are  so  loyal.  Desires  him  to  be 
vigilant. 

Maister  Butler  aftre  my  right  harty  commcndac/ons  having 
receyued  your  Lttteres  sent  vnto  me  by  your  seruaunt  w/t/r 
other  instructions  sent  also  by  the  same.  I  hauc  not  only 
declared  your  diligence  and  approved  trouth  therin  expressed 
to  the  kingss  highnes  Who  giveth  vnto  you  for  the  same  his 
right  harty  thankrj.  But  do  myself  moche  rcioyse  bothe  to 
here  of  the  towardnes  of  my  Lorde  of  Derbye  and  to  pmreyve 
the  loyaltie  of  all  youe  the  gentlemen  and  others  the  kingw 
good  subgiccto  in  those  parties.  The  sequel  of  whichc  trouth 


J5361  THOMAS   CROMWELL  35 

shall  not  be  more  acceptable  to  his  Maiestie  thenne  bew^ficial 
to  yourselfas  as  a  thing  p;rseruyng  that  pollicye  w;t//out  the 
whiche  they  that  haue  most  gotten  by  their  honest  industry 
shuld  be  in  worst  cace.  I  haue  procured  suche  L^/teres  of 
thanks  as  you  desired  and  the  same  send  vnto  you  by  this 
berer.  And  thus  desiring  you  to  be  vigilant  nowe  in  this 
queysie  tyme  I  bid  you  aswel  to  fare  as  I  wold  my  self  From 
Wyndeso//r  the  penultime  of  Octobr. 

Your  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  lovyng  Freend  S*>  Thomas  Butler  knight 
yeve  this  in  hast 

168.  CROMWELL  TO  (LORD  HuNGERFORD)1. 

Longford  Castle  MSS. ;  not  in  Cal.    Nov.  4  (1536). 

Thanks  him  for  transmitting  the  confessions  and  prophecies  of  certain 
persons.  He  has  done  well  in  committing  Sole  and  Spicer  to  prison. 
They  may  remain  there  until  he  hears  the  King's  pleasure  concerning 
them. 

Thiese  shalbe  to  advertise  the  same  that  I  ha[ve]  resceyved 
your  lettres  with  the  deposicions  and  confessions  of  certayne 
persones  and  a  boke,  wherin  was  writen  amonges  other  thynges 
certain  prophecies  accordyng  to  your  lettres.  And  for  your 
good  procedynges  in  that  behalfe  ye  have  assuredly  deserved 
of  the  Kynges  Highnes  right  harty  &  condigne  thankes.  And 
wher  ye  have  commetted  Richard  Sole  and  Richard  Spicer 
to  prison  ye  have  done  very  well  therin  requyryng  you  they 
may  remayne  ther  in  saff  and  sure  custodie  and  kepyng  untill 
suche  tyme  as  ye  shalbe  further  advertised  of  the  kynges 
pleasure  in  that  behalfe. 

Wyndesore  4  Nov. 
Signed 

169.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  RALPH  EVERS  THE  YOUNGER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  1032.    Nov.  10  (1536). 

The  King  will  always  remember  his  good  service.  If  the  rebellion  con- 
tinues, it  will  be  subdued  in  such  a  way  that  it  will  be  a  fearful 
example  to  all  subjects. 

Maister  Evers,  aftrr  my  most  hertie  cowm[endation]s  I  as- 
sure you  ther  was  neuer  man  of  yo«r  sorte  &  degree  tha\.  hadd 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript, 
D  3 


M  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

more  cawsc  to  rcioyse  [at  the  g]ood  service  doone  to  his 
maister  then  you  have  at  ////'s  tyme  of  your  fidclitic  and 
trouthe  shewed  to  [his  m]aiestye  our  most  dradd  sou/rayne 
lord,  as  this  b[earer]  cannc  partly  advertise  yow.  For  you 

shall that  god  sending  his 

grace  liff,  ye  shall  not  in  wo[ordes]  oonely  but  in  dead« 
jvrsave  howc  thankf[ully]  his  grace  dooith  accept  the  same. 
And  his  highnes  haith  putt  ewry  thyng  nowe  in  suche  par- 
fitt  order  [that]  if  thes  rebelky  doo  contynuc  eny  lengar  in 
their  rebellyon  Doubt  you  not  but  ye  shall  see  theym  so  sub- 
dued as  their  example  shalbe  fearfull  to  all  subgiett/\r  whill<  \ 
the  woorld  dooith  endure.  And  for  my  part  I  promyse  yow 
thai  I  doo  moche  reioyse  that  you  have  prooved  in  this 
honest  sorte.  And  you  maye  be  assured  tha\.  if  I  maye  at 
eny  tyme  doo  vnto  yow  eny  pleaswr  ye  shall  have  the  same 
as  redy[ly]  as  my  dere  freend  And  thus  fare  you  hertely 
woll  From  Wcstmynster  the  xth  dayc  of  Novembre. 

Yo«r  Loving  freend 

THOMAS  CROOMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  loving  freend  Sir  Rauf  Evers  the  youngar 
knyght 

170.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER  AND  WALLOP. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  222  ;  Cal.  xi.  1091.    Nov.  17  (1536). 

Informs  him  that  the  proposals  of  the  French  ambassadors  for  the 
marriage  of  Mary  and  Angouldme  have  been  '  slenderly '  answered. 
Directs  him  to  keep  himself  'in  indifferent  tcrmes'  in  his  conferences 
with  Francis. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendacions,  Thise  shalbe  taduer- 
tise  youe  that  Monsieur  Pomeray  wit/t  the  Ambassador/-  here 
resident  haue  sythens  the  dispechc  of  the  king^r  Last  Lf/ttres 
vnto  youc,  entreated  styll  the  matier  of  the  mariage,  but  their 
commencement  of  the  same  in  such  slcndre  and  sleight  sorte 
as  Ponvrey  did  at  his  arryva[l]  set  it  forwarde,  hathe  brought 
them  furthc  almost  as  slendre  an  answer,  at  the  lest  an  answer 
soo  general,  that  it  doth  neither  refuse  their  alliance  ne  mochc 
cncorage  them,  to  conceyve  that  they  maye  without  difficultie 
obteyn  their  desire,  as  by  the  veray  copie  of  the  same  answer 
whiche  you  shal  rcceyve  herwit//  youe  shall  p^rceyve,  being 
made  by  the  hole  counsail  and  not  in  sper/altie  by  the  kingrr 
hi^hncs,  Wherfor  his  grace  desireth  you  in  yo«r  conference 
wit//  the  French  king  to  kepe  yowrself  in  suche  indifferent 
termcs,  as  if  he  seme  to  note  any  slacknes  on  this  side  youe 
may  rather  turnc  it  to  him,  and  yet  to  pryck  him  nothing 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  37 

more  forwarde  in  the  accelerac/bn  of  thende  therof,  thenne  of 
himself  he  woll  ned«  vse.  Our  matiers  here  be  yet  at  a  good 
steye  and  soo  I  trust  they  shall  contynue  having  no  i«novac/bn 
sithens  the  writing  of  the  king^j  said  last  ]e  Meres,  and  yet 
I  doubt  not  but  you  here  there  many  wonders.  And  thus 
Fare  you  most  hartely  wel  From  the  Roulkr  the  xviith  of 
N'ouembr. 

"Your  lordshippis  and  your  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  louing  frende s  my  lorde  of  Winchester 
and  Sir  John  Wallopp  Knight :  the  King** s  Ambassadors 
resident  in  the  courte  of  Fraunce. 

Endd.  17th  November.     The  Lorde  Prime  Seal. 
171.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  DUKE  OF  SUFFOLK). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  1177.    Nov.  27  (1536). 

Has  discharged  John  Brown  and  John  Patison  of  Louth,  who  were  com- 
mitted to  the  Fleet,  as  they  have  proved  themselves  upon  examination 
to  be  honest  men. 

After  my  right  harty  recowmendacion  vnto  your  good 
grace  thiese  shalbe  to  adurrtise  thesame  that  I  have  caused 
John  Browne  of  lowthe  and  John  Patison  of  thesame  towne 
to  be  apprehended  and  cow/mytted  theym  vnto  the  Flete,  till 
vpon  the  due  examynacion  of  theym,  they  haue  declared 
theymself  in  suche  maner  like  honest  men  that  I  haue  dis- 
charged theym,  and  geven  theym  licence  to  repayr  vnto  theyr 
houses,  desiryng  your  grace  to  be  good  lord  vnto  theym  as 
the  cace  shall  require,  thus  the  blessid  Trenyte  pres^rue  your 
grace.  From  london  the  xxviith  day  of  November. 

172.  (CROMWELL)  TO  THOMAS  WINGFIELD. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  1259.    Dec  6  (1536). 

Reproaches  him  for  his  inefficiency  and  wastefulness  as  comptroller  of 
the  King's  works  at  Dover.  Desires  him  to  reduce  the  number 
of  his  servants,  and  in  future  to  act  with  the  consent  of  the  master 
of  the  Maison  Dieu. 

The  copie  of  the  \etteres  sent  to  Thomas  Wyngfeld  Con- 
trollowr  of  the  k'mges  grac^j  workv s  at  Dover. 

Mr.  Wingfeld  after  my  herty  commendations  I  can  not 
a  litel  mervaile  to  here  and  vnderstand  how  evill  the  King^j 
Ma/Vjtie  hath  ben  served  ther  by  a  sorte  of  you  whom  his 
highnes  hath  put  in  trust  whiche  bothe  in  respecte  of  your 


38  LETTERS  OF  [1536 

dueties  and  for  that  his  grace  geveth  you  right  honest  wag™ 
ought  to  have  vsed  his  highnes  ferrc  otherwise.  For  first  to 
begyn  wit/i  you  I  have  p/rfait  knowlege  that  if  ye  had  don/ 
your  duetic  specially  among™  the  rest  for  that  you  be  the 
Controllewr  of  the  work/*  the  King™  highnes  myght  almost 
have  saved  the  one  half  of  that  whiche  hath  ben  there  rather 
spoyled  from  hym  by  naughty  meanes  then  well  spent  either 
for  his  grac™  honour  or  the  advancement  of  his  purpose  in 
that  worke  And  howe  you  shuld  answer  therunto  if  ye  were 
called  to  theaccompte  of  it  I  am  in  grete  Doubte.  For  nowe 
I  knowe  howe  ye  have  vsed  your  office,  and  howe  others 
that  were  put  in  trust  have  deceyved  myn  opinion  in  them. 
Seconde  it  appereth  right  well  howe  litel  ye  regarde  his  graces 
charger  and  howe  moche  you  sett  by  your  owne  profit  (If 
spoyle  may  be  called  profitj  and  by  the  setting  furth  to  the 
king™  charge  of  those  that  It  liketh  you  wit^  the  king™  purse 
to  maynteyne  when  at  the  last  order  taken  for  discharge  of 
somr  part  of  the  workemen  ye  have  kept  in  a  grete  many 
men  as  clerk™  and  suche  other  that  be  veray  chargeable  to 
the  king™  maieste  And  reteyned  onely  in  a  grete  nombre 
xxx  laborers.  This  maner  of  dealing  Mr.  Wingfeld  is  suche 
as  I  am  right  sory  to  see  passe  you  that  shuld  be  a  man  of 
honestie  and  sonv  suche  other  as  I  thought  wold  not  have 
vsed  themself™  as  nowe  I  knowe  they  have  done.  You  shuld 
for  yo«r  part  have  ben  the  king™  housewief  and  specially 
have  loked  to  his  graces  profit.  And  you  have  devised  vpon 
nothing  more  then  how  to  kepe  his  grace  in  grete  charge  to 
a  litel  pwrpose.  It  is  true  that  evill  can  he  correct  other  that 
in  thesame  cryme  is  gyltye  and  Reprovable  hymself  Wher- 
fore  first  ye  shal  vndrstand  the  king™  pleas0*/r  is  ye  shal  there 
reteyne  onely  foure  clerk™  ooas  for  the  check  the  same  to  be 
Foxley,  oons  for  the  ligers  oonr  for  the  storehouse,  the  same 
to  be  Eduard  dawes,  and  an  other  for  the  call.  Seconde  his 
grace  hath  appointed  you  for  his  comptroller  there  And 
therfore  his  highnes  thinketh  that  if  ye  will  do  your  duetie 
he  shal  neoV  non  other  overseer.  In  the  rest  his  grace  woll 
have  no  greter  nombre  of  any  sorte  then  shalbe  necessarye 
and  those  men  mete  to  serve  hym  Thyrdely  his  grac™  plca- 
soi/r  is  you  shal  make  no  prouision  neder  any  thing  touching 
those  work™  but  with  the  advyse  and  consent  of  the  Maister 
of  the  Mayson  Dieu.  Whiche  ye  must  observe  as  ye  woll  an- 
swer. And  his  grace  woll  allowe  no  suche  fat  Fees  of  Iron  and 
other  thing™  as  hath  been  there  taken.  Remember  that  his 
grac™  fees  that  he  giveth  to  every  of  you  is  right  honest  and 
that  his  Favour  is  moche  better  If  wit//  a  narrowe  respect 
to  your  owne  private  lucer  you  lose  worthely  his  graces  favowr 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  39 

and  so  be  brought  onely  to  answer  to  the  partes  of  your  pre- 
ceding*^, you  woll  lose  in  the  shire  that  you  have  gotten  in 
the  hundreth.  Wherfore  lett  this  be  a  warnyng  for  you  and 
cause  you  to  waye  your  duetie  as  his  gracw  work^j  may  go 
foreward  wzt//out  further  charge  then  very  necessite  shal  re- 
quyre  And  so  fare  ye  well  From  the  Roules  the  vito  day  of 
December. 

The  k'mges  pleasowr  is  ye  shal  admitte  onely  for  an  overseer 
Robert  Thomeson  Brother  to  this  berer. 

Endd.  The  Copie  of  my  lordes  \etteres  To  Mr.  Wyngfeld 
cowtrollewr  of  the  workes  at  Dover. 


173.    CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  236;  Cal.  xi.  1317.    Dec.  16  (1536). 

The  King  requests  him  to  endeavour  to  maintain  the  amity  between 
England  and  France.  Promises  to  send  money  as  soon  as  possible. 
Encloses  three  copies  of  treaties. 

Aftre  my  moost  harty  cowmendaczbns  to  your  lordshippe 
Touching  the  king^  affayres  in  thise  private  L^/teres  I  shal 
write  nothing  being  the  same  sufficiently]  treated  in  myn 
other  k/teres  nowe  by  his  graces  cowmaundement  addressed 
vnto  youe,  whiche  ye  shal  receyve  herw/t^  theffect  wherof  his 
grace  doubtethe  not  but  ye  wil  setfurthe  vritA  such  dexteritie 
as  shal  both  nurishe  and  entretayn  thamytie,  and  conduce 
thaffayres  to  his  highnes  desire.  Concernyng  your  request  for 
money  albeit  by  the  reason  of  the  hasty  dispeche  of  this  post 
and  other  things  I  could  not  nowe  satisfie  you  therin  yet 
I  shal  vfit/t  asmoch  spede  as  I  may  take  suche  ordre  in  the 
same  as  ye  shall  haue  cause  to  be  contented,  I  sende  you  thre 
copies  of  treaties  and  confirmac/bns  among^j  the  whiche 
I  think  ye  shall  haue  that  ye  wrote  for,  And  thus  having  non 
other  matier  at  this  tyme  worthy  writing  but  that  our  Maister 
our  Mastras  and  all  your  freendes  here  be  mery  and  in 
health,  desiring  youe  to  make  myn  harty  cowmendacrons  to 
Maister  Wallop,  I  pray  god  sende  youe  wel  to  fare  and 
as  good  an  ende  in  your  busines,  as  I  wold  wishe  and  desire  if 
I  were  in  your  place.  From  Stepnaye  the  xvi*  of  Decembre 

\our  lordshyppis  assuryd  frend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lord  my  Lord  of  Winchestre 
Endd.  From  Stepnaye  t[he]   xvith   of  Decemb[er]       Mr. 
Secretary] 


40  LETTERS   OF  [1536 

174.    CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER  'AND  WALLOP. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  237  ;  Cal.  xi.  1363.    Dec  24,  1536. 

Gives  an  account  of  the  suppression  of  the  revolt  in  the  North,  as  he 
hears  that  false  rumours  about  it  have  been  spread  in  France.  Has 
paid  Peter  Lark  £100.  Sends  two  letters  from  the  King  for  the 
reconciliation  of  the  Earl  of  Angus  with  the  Scottish  King,  and  requests 
Gardiner  to  urge  the  matter  further. 

Aftrc  my  right  harty  cowmenclac/ons  to  your  Lordshippe 
and  semblably  to  youe  Maistcr  Walloppc,  forasmoche  as  in 
yo«r  \fttfrcs  of  the  xiii*1"  of  this  moneth  lately  addressed  to 
the  Icings  highnes,  it  appereth  to  his  grace  amongrr  other 
things,  that  there  be  diurrse  rumours  spredde  in  those  parties 
of  the  late  rebellion  attempted  in  the  North  parties  of  this 
realme,  and  specially  oon  that  for  mystrust  whiche  the  nobles 
and  gentlemen  had  in  the  cowmens  they  were  enforced  to 
appease  the  maticr  wii/i  certain  conditions  and  articles. 
To  thintcnt  you  maye  knowe  the  certaintie  therof  and  prepare 
yo«rself«  the  bcttre  both  to  setfurth  the  same,  and  to  answer 
all  men  that  wold  say  any  thing  to  the  contrary,  his  Maiestics 
pleasure  was  I  shuld  signifie  the  rvrfite  truth  of  thappcasing 
of  that  trouble  and  commotion  vnto  youe,  Whiche  is,  that  first 
there  is  nothing  more  false  thenne  that  the  commens  assembled 
for  the  kingrj  partie  were  soo  faynt  and  vnwilling,  that  they 
wold  not  haue  doon  their  dieuties  if  it  had  comen  to  ex- 
tremytie,  For  you  shal  vndrestande  the  very  same  brute  was 
here  told  to  the  kingts  Maiestie,  wherupon  his  grace  adurrtised 
the  Capitaines,  and  receyved  answer  that  they  had  perused 
and  tryed  their  men  and  founde  no  oon  but  they  durst  affirme 
wold  doo  his  dieuty  whenne  the  cace  shuld  require  And  I  am 
assured  both  by  adurrtisementer  made  to  the  king  and  other- 
wise, that  the  most  partc  of  the  kinges  retynue  in  maner  wept 
whenne  they  were  cowmaundcd  to  retyre  considering  the 
rebelles  were  not  more  extremely  punished,  soo  that  you 
maye  affirme  it  for  certain  trouth,  that  onles  the  greate  wise- 
dom  of  the  kings.;  highnes  forscing  that  the  stroke  of  batail 
shuld  haue  but  only  diminished  his  force  and  strcnght,  and 
been  thoccasion  of  infinite  mischieves,  had  given  straictc 
cowmaundcmcnt/-j  to  his  licutc'/au/rt/*;  as  in  dede  he  did,  that 
they  shuld  in  no  wise  adventure  his  honour  in  batail,  wherin 
he  could  haue  gotten  nothing  but  destroyed  his  oune  mcmbres 
that  be  ready  to  scruc  him,  there  had  been  suche  extrcmytie 
administrcd  by  the  partie  of  his  grace  vppon  the  rebellfs  as  it 
was  to  be  feared  the  like  was  not  seen  in  many  yeres,  And 
nowc  those  that  be  indifferent  maye  see  both  the  greate 
wisedom  and  clemency  of  the  king«  Maiestie  whiche  did 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  41 

rather  deuise  to  prrserue  his  oune  w*t//  his  honour,  thenne 
ieoparde  the  losing  of  his  oune  wherin  thoughe  he  could  not 
haue  lost  honowr,  in  the  cutting  of,  of  those  corrupt  membres, 
yet  he  shuld  haue  wanted  the  vse  of  them,  whiche  being  heled 
and  recouped  as  they  be,  maye  and  wil  euer  stande  him  in 
good  stede,  Seconde  wheras  it  is  reaported  that  the  matier 
shuld  be  taken  vppe  vtit/t  conditions,  and  articles,  it  is  truth 
that  at  the  begyning  the  rebelles  made  peticzbn  to  haue 
obteyned  certain  articles,  but  in  thende  they  went  from  all 
and  remytted  all  to  the  kingej  highnes  pleasure  only  in  moost 
humble  and  reuerent  sorte  desiring  their  pardon  w*t^  the 
greatest  repentance  that  could  be  deuised,  in  somoche  as  in 
their  chief  Article  whiche  next  their  pardon  was  for  a  parlia- 
ment for  that  they  might  haue  their  pardon  therin  confirmed, 
they  remytted  thappointement  of  the  same  holly  to  the  kingej 
Maiestie  w/t^out  the  namyng  of  tyme  place  or  any  other 
thing  touching  that  matier,  and  this  discours  may  you  declare 
to  all  men  for  truth,  for  no  man  with  truth  canne  impugne  the 
same,  And  nowe  my  lord  of  NornW£  shall  goo  thither  to  lye 
there  as  the  kinges  lieutenawnt  for  the  administraabn  of  Justice, 
and  shall  haue  a  counsail  ioyned  wzt^  him,  as  was  appointed 
to  the  Duke  of  Richmonde  at  his  lieng  in  those  parties, 
Youe  shall  also  receyve  herwz't//  two  \etteres  writen  from  the 
kinges  highnes  in  the  fauowr  of  Therle  of  Anguishe  and  his 
famylie,  for  their  restituczbn  and  reconsiliaabn  to  the  king  of 
Scatter  fauowr,  and  the  recouerey  of  their  state  in  his  realme, 
Thone  is  directed  to  the  Frenche  king  to  desire  him  to  ioyne 
whk  the  kinges  Maiestie  in  this  sute  or  desire  for  that  the  said 
Erie  and  his  famylie  haue  been  euer  true  and  faithfull  to  the 
king  of  Scotter  aforsaid,  and  that  it  shuld  be  therfor  both  his 
honour  and  surety  to  restore  them,  Thother  to  the  kinges  of 
Scotter  himself  vppon  like  grounds  and  persuasions,  whiche 
\etteres  the  kinges  highnes  desireth  youe  to  present  to  both 
kinges,  and  to  prosecute  the  obteyning  of  the  kinges  Maiesties 
desire  therin  as  ernestly  and  effectuelly  as  youe  canne  deuise, 
vsing  all  the  meanes  youe  canne  excogitate  of  yo//r  wisedomes 
to  conduce  it  to  effecte,  And  his  grace  thinketh  that  no  man 
can  supplie  this  parte  better  thenne  you  my  lord  of  Win- 
chestre,  who  hathe  good  experience  of  the  honorable 
demeanowr  of  the  said  Erie  and  his  famylie  towards  the  said 
king  of  Scotter  euer  sithrwj  their  first  cu;«myng  into  Englande, 
and  as  it  is  thought  of  the  cause  of  their  departure  also  out  of 
Scotlande,  whiche  his  highnes  trusteth  you  woll  setfurth 
accordingly,  And  whereas  you  my  lord  of  Winchestre  write 
for  money  declaring  yowr  nede  therof,  I  haue  this  daye  caused 
c.u  to  be  paid  to  your  seruaunt  Peter  Larke,  in  whom  I  assure 


42  LETTERS  OF  [1536 

you  there  is  no  defaulte  for  calling  vppon  me,  for  I  thinke  him 
many  tymes  to  importune,  but  the  faulte  that  is  if  there 
be  any  must  be  imputed  to  the  tyme  and  aftre  christmas 
I  shall  cause  him  to  reccyve  a  greater  sowme,  trusting  you 
will  be  contented  w/t/;  this  in  the  meanc  season,  You  shall 
further  vndrestande  the  king«  highncs  is  cnformed  that 
Mr.  poles  ssruavnt  of  whom  you  wrote  is  deteyned  at  Muttrel 
whose  delyuerance  his  grace  wold  you  shuld  in  any  wise  in 
suchc  sorte  sollicitc  that  you  maye  obteyne  the  same,  cngreving 
the  maticr  of  his  deteyndo«r  as  moche  as  your  wisedom  shal 
thinke  convenient.  And  Finally  forasmoche  as  there  hathe  been 
lately  a  fraye  here  betwene  certain  of  thinhabitantrj  of  Flete 
strete  and  thambassadowr  of  Fraunce  his  srruantrj  vppon  an 
arrest  wherin  thambassado;/rs  men  were  yvel  handeled  in  cace 
there  shalbe  anything  said  vnto  you  therm,  the  kingrr  pleasure 
is  youe  shall  make  answer  that  like  as  the  madnes  of  men  wil 
suwtymc  vse  suche  folyes  as  shalbe  displeasant  to  themself«?j 
and  also  to  others,  Soo  his  grace  hathe  caused  that  matier  to  be 
examyned  witA  suche  dexteritie,  and  hathe  determyned  to  haue 
the  same  soo  punished,  as  it  shalbe  an  exemple  to  others 
howc  to  vse  themselfrj  in  like  caces  heraftre  And  thus  Fare  you 
hartely  well  From  the  Roullrt  the  xxiiiith  of  Decembr^. 
Mr.  poles  sfruauntts  name  is  Thrognvrton 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  vcray  good  Lorde  my  lorde  of  Winchestre, 
and  to  my  loving  freende  Sir  John  Wallop  knight  the  king« 
Ambassadors  in  Fraunce. 

Endd.  My  lord  pryvaye  seal  From  the  rowlrj  the  xxiiii111  of 
Dccembre  1536 

175.    (CROMWELL)  TO  — ,  COMMISSIONER  AT 
DONCASTER. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  604,  f.  64  b;  Cal.  xi.  1399.    (Dec.,  1536.) 

Marvels  that  the  gentlemen  in  the  North  have  not  kept  the  promise  made 
at  Doncaster  about  the  delivery  of  the  suppressed  monasteries. 

Neuertheles  in  the  reading  of  yowr l  \et feres  aswel 

writcn  to  his  highnes  as  to  me  both  I  and  all  the  rest  of  my 
lordfs  of  the  counsail  did  not  a  litle  mervayl  to  see  that  thing 
by  you  verefied  whiche  by  reaporte'j  made  by  others  befor  was 
signified  vnto  vs,  that  is,  that  the  gentlemen  had  not  performed 
their  promyses  lately  made  to  you  and  other  his  Majesties  Cow- 

1  c.  0.  said 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  43 

missionrrs  at  Dancastre,  spea'ally  in  that  pointe  concernyng 
the  delyuerance  of  the  possession  of  suche  howses  of  religion 
as  were  suppressed  to  those  p^rsonnes  whom  his  highncs  had 
appointed  to  be  fermowrs  to  the  same,  And  we  all  thought 
that  seing  they  haue  Broken  promyse  therin  w/'t//  his  grace,  his 
Maiestie  shall  not  nede  but  at  his  pleasure  to  kepe  promyse 
in  other  things  \vi\.k  them,  For  surely  we  did  moche  mervayl 
that  considering  they  loke  to  haue  a  parliament  at  Yorke,  they 
wold  haue  soo  litle  regarde  to  thobseruac/on  of  suche l  promyse 
as  they  made  whenne  they  required  the  same 

176.    (CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  BISHOP  OF  LINCOLN). 

R.  O.  Cal.  x.  218.    (1536). 

Requests  him  to  permit  the  Prior  of  Spalding  in  Lincolnshire  to  remain 
undisturbed,  and  not  to  allow  any  '  busie  falowes '  of  the  town  to  do 
him  injury.  If  harm  comes  to  the  Prior,  Cromwell  is  bound  to  aid 
him  by  his  duty  to  the  King. 

My  lord  in  myne  hertie  wise  I  commende  me  to  you. 
And  where  I  visited  lately  by  my  depute  the  priorie  of 
Spalding  and  substancially  reformed  suche  things  as  were 
than  to  be  reformed  as  I  haue  to  shewe  by  the  injunctions 
which  were  gyven,  forasmuche  as  that  house  p^rteyneth  to  my 
cure  and  not  to  yours,  being  nouther  founder  nouther  bene- 
factor of  the  same,  as  I  wol  shewe  you  more  at  large  when  it 
shal  fortune  me  next  to  speke  w*t^  your  lordship.  I  desire 
and  require  the  same  to  suffer  and  p^rmitte  the  priour  and  the 
cowuent  there  to  lyve  in  quiet.  And  that  certen  busie  falowes 
of  the  towne  of  Spalding,  be  not  mainteyned  by  yonr  lordship 
against  the  said  priowr,  bicause  he  wol  not  let  the  fermes  of 
his  house  to  the  greate  dammage  of  the  same,  for  denyeng 
wherof  the  said  priour  hathr  been  put  to  muche  treble  and 
inquietnes  (as  I  am  credibly  informed).  In  whiche  caas  I  must 
and  wol  aide  and  succour  the  said  priowr,  as  it  appertayneth 
to  myne  office,  and  to  suche  trust  as  the  king^  grace  hath 
put  in  me  cowornyng  the  religious  persons  and  other  of  the 
clergy  of  his  realme. 

177.    (CROMWELL)  TO  STEPHEN  VAUGHAN. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  283,  f.  18 ;  Cal.  x.  376.    (September,  1535  *.) 

Promises  him  reward  for  his  expedition  to  Germany  on  the  King's  behalf, 
and  thinks  he  has  no  cause  to  distrust  the  King's  liberality  or 
Cromwell's  friendship.  He  is  to  take  ^5,000  to  Denmark,  and 
bestow  it  as  Bonner  and  Cavendish  direct 

Stephen  Vaughan  in  my  right  hertie  wise  I  cowmende  me 
vnto  you  Adu^rtesing  the  same  that  being  absent  from  the 

1  f.  o.  pact/j  *  sic,  see  Notes 


44  LETTERS  OF  [1535 

Courte  your  \etttrcs  addressed  vnto  me  chaunced  amongst 
others  to  com  to  the  hand™  of  the  king™  highnes  who  in  myn 
absence  bothe  opened  and  reddc  them  and  at  my  repairee 
aycn  to  the  courte  delyurred  them  vnto  me  willing  me  to 
answer  you  in  this  wise  foloxving.  First  his  maicste  p^rceyu- 
ing  yowr  obedience  in  herte  to  thaccomplisshment  of  all  his 
iust  cowmaundement^j  and  yowr  willing  mynde  and  towarde- 
nes  to  do  him  s^ruyce  gyueth  you  therefore  his  hertie  and 
condigne  thank™  but  his  highnes  thinkcth  ye  haue  no  cause 
to  make  any  rcpeticion  eyther  of  suche  charges  as  ye  haue 
susteyned  by  doing  his  grace  scruice  or  of  suche  money  as  ye 
are  bounde  to  pay  him  for  the  subsidie  graunted  by  acte  of 
parliament  which  being  so  graunted  he  is  intiteled  vnto  by 
a  lawfull  meane  and  ncu^rtheles  doubtyth  not  but  ye  will  wi'bfc 
as  good  herte  be  contented  to  pay  the  same  as  any  other  of 
his  louyng  subicct™  And  for  your l  service  *  considering  s  not 
onelie  the  a«nuell  Fee  of  xx"  but  also  the  office  which  his 
highnes  latclie  gaue  you  of  the  Facultees  4  Not  doubting  but 
all  such  charg™  as  ye  haue  susteyned  aswell  in  yowr  voyage 
into  Germany  as  otherwise  in  doing  his  grace  srruyce  eyther 
be  or  shalbc  condignelie  requyted,  his  highnes  thinketh  that 
consideration]  had  thereunto  ye  nede  not  either  to  complayne 
or  mistruste  his  munyfycence  6  liberalise  and  gentilnes  who  be 
you  assured  is  of  suche  benignetie  6  as  will  not  suffer  any  of 
his  faithfull  srru[a]nt™  by  doing  his  grace  smiyce  to  susteyn 
any  losse  charge  or  to  be  vnrequyted  accordyng  to  his 
demeryt™.  And  for  yowr  parte  doubt  ye  not  but  in  that  ye 
haue  don  vnto  his  grace  faithfull  and  trew  s/ruyce  and  so  to  do 
I  doubt  not  will  contynew  as  ye7  shall  haue  occasion,  his 
highnes  in  thacquytall  thereof  will  so  remember  you  as  y<- 
shall  well  p^rceyue  and  knowe  that  he  is  yowr  gracious  and 
benigne  Sourrcigne  lorde  which  he  willed  me  expressely  to 
8  adusrtisc  you  of.  Signefieng  vnto  you  fcrthcr  that  prrceyu- 
ing  by  yowr  lr//rres  how  gret  a  suspicion  ye  haue  conceyuid 
of  my  frendeship  and  old  amytie  toward™  you  (whereof  I  can- 
not but  mcruailc)  I  must  ned™  playnelic  say  vnto  you,  that 
ye  ar  farre  ourrshotte  in  that  behalf,  For  if  ye  do  well  consider 
my  dealing  wit//  you  from  the  first  to  the  last  ye  shall  Fynde 
that  I  haue  eu^r  ben  yowr  grete  Frende  wi't//out  curr  making 
any  semblaunce  or  gyuyng  you  9  cause  to  thinkc  the  contrary 
And  as  I  haue  ben  yowr  frende  so  I  am  and  assure  you  wilbe, 

1  c.  0.  charges  susteynid  in  doing  *  c.  0.  Supposing 

bis  grace  s  c.  0.  and 

•  c.  o.  his  highnes   sayeth   that  '  c.  a.  towards  his 

for  thinketh  you  portclie  requyted  T  c.  0.  shalbc 

1  c.  0.  suche  *  (.  a.  wryte     *          *  c.  0.  any 


1535]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  45 

your  meryter  &  deserter  (as  therein  I  haue  no  man^r  of 
diffidence  or  mistrust)  requyring  the  same,  as  ye  shall 
assuredlye  Fyndc  me  l  aswell  redy  to  do  you  good  now  as 
I  euer  was  Aduising  you  therefore  to  vse  your  frende  accord- 
itfglye  and  not  ou^rmoche  to  presse  your  frende  for  frendeship 
where  ye  may  alwayes  determyn  yowrself  to  be  assured  of  the 
same  nor  to  conceyue  any  like  suspicion  in  your  Frende  till 
you  haue  cause  which  I  am  sure  ye  haue  not  had  nor  shall 
haue  at  my  hande.  But  now  for  thaccomplisshement  of  your 
voyage  and  for  your  better  instruction  what  ye  shall  do  in  the 
same  which  I  doubte  not  ye  will  execute  according  to  the 
kingrj  trust,  ye  shall  vnderstonde  that  his  highnes  pleasure  is 
that  the  V.M'li. 2  which  ye  haue  receyved  of  Anthony  Deny 
ye  shall  convey  being  packed  as  Body  either  hathe  or  will 
shew  you  in  the  parties  of  Denmarke  by  See  and  in  suche 
a  ship  called  the  Swepestake  as  is  appoynted  to  you  and 
Crw/ofor  Morys  for  that  purpose  keping  alwayes  the  saide 
money  -with  you  as  closely  as  ye  can  so  as  no  man  know  of  it 
but  yowrself  and  such  as  ye  dare  well  trust  And  when  ye  shall 
arryve  in  the  saide  parties  to  repaire  -with  the  saide  money  to  3 
the  castel  of  Werberge  where  you  shall  fynde  Doctour  Bon^r 
and  Rychard  Cauendish  being  the  Kingly  Ambassadowrs 
there  shewing  them  thereof  and  as  they  shall  ferther  aduise 
you  so  to  do  4.  So  as  if  they  shall  thinke  it  good  and  determyn 
to  pay  the  saide  money  or  parte  of  it  vppon  suche  conuen- 
auntcs  as  they  shal  pacte  condiscende  and  conclude  that  then 
ye  shall  delyurr  and  pay  the  same  or  as  moche  of  it  as  they 
shal  aduise  you  and  by  their  consent,  Orelkj  to  deteyne  and 
kepe  it  wit/i  you  still  and  to  bring  it  home  wit  A  you  agayn  or 
cowmytte  it  to  such  sure  custody  and  keping  as  ye  may  com 
by  it  at  your  pleasure  to  be  repayed  into  the  king^r  coffres  at 
your  reto«rne.  And  in  case  the  saide  Docto«r  Bon^r  and 
Cauendish  shal  conuenawnte  and  conclude  to  pay  parte  of  the 
saide  money  and  not  all  that  then  ye  do  semblablie  bring 
home  the  residue,  Folowing  in  all  things?  the  dyrection  of  the 
saide  Boner  and  Cauendish  touchyng  the  imployment  of  the 
saide  money  as  is  aforsaide 6.  And  because  ye  desire  to  be 
well  Furnisshed  in  money,  albeit  ye  shall  now  go  by  see  where 

1  c.  0.  in  all  redynes  I  shall  myself  speke  w/tA 

*  i.e.  5,000  pounds  you  orell«  I  will  not  faile  to  sende 
'  c.  o.  the  king«  you  yo;/r  Instructions  signed  w/tA 
4  c.   o.    in    all    things  accor-      the  kyng«  hande  to  induce   you 

dinglie  in  all  things;  what  ye  shall  do  in 

*  c.  a.    I  doubte  not  but  or  yo«r      yowr  saide  voyage.    And  because 
ship  and  all  other  things  neces-      you  desire  to  be  well 

sary  for  your  dcpechce  be   in  a 


46  LETTERS   OF  [153;, 

ye  shal l  be  at  no  grete  *  charge 8  yet  the  kynges  highnes  is 
contente  to  allow  you  xiilr  iiiu/  by  the  day  so  long  as  ye  be 
fourth,  and  to  let  you  haue  in  press  monethes  Dyettrj  after 
that  rate  aforehande  which  ye  shall  receyue  of  Sir  Bryan  Tukc 
by  this  my  \ftfsre  hereinclosed  whensoeurr  ye  shall  repaire 4  to 
him  a  or  to  Alen  Hawt  for  the  same.  And  as  touching  your 
money  for  yowr  last  voyage  into  Flaundres  amounting  to  the 
some  of  xliiu'  xvj.  viijV.  Resorte  you  to  Willyamson  my 
sfruauntc  making  him  a  sufficient  acquittaunce  for  the  same 
and  he  shall  pay  you  indelayedlie  as  I  haue  now  wrytten  to 
him  for  that  purpose.  And  so  Fare  ye  well. 


178.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (STEPHEN  VAUGHAN). 

R.  O.  Cal.  x.  377.    (September,  1535  •.) 

The  King  thanks  him  for  his  readiness  to  undertake  the  expedition  to 
Denmark.  He  is  to  have  13*.  $d.  a  day  for  his  diets.  He  is  not 
to  deliver  the  money  except  with  consent  of  Bonner  and  Mont. 

I  cowmend  me  hartely  vnto  you.  And  havyng  resceyved 
your  \fttere  I  do  perceyve  that  ye  have  resceyved  the  kinges 
highnes  l///n-es  and  myne  concernyng  the  kynges  pleasure  for 
your  preparacion  towards  the  parties  of  Denmark,  ye  shall 
understand  that  I  beyng  absent  from  the  Cowrte  the  kingrr 
highnes  resceyved  yowr  \fttere  and  had  redde  eu*ry  word 
therof,  and  givethc  you  condigne  thanki;  for  yo«r  towardly 
preparacion  and  the  good  hart  and  will  that  ye  have  to  do 
vnto  hys  highnes  acceptable  s^ruice.  His  pleasure  is  also 
that  ye  shall  haue  for  your  dieltes  duryng  this  iowrncy 
thirtene  shillyngw  and  fower  pence  a  day.  And  I  haue 
writen  to  Sir  Brian  Tuke  to  deliver  vnto  you  before  hand  for 
yowr  diettrj  for  thre  monthes,  whiche  I  doubte  not  ye  shall 
resceyve  at  your  pleasure.  Ye  shall  passe  by  the  See  in  a 
shippe  that  is  prepared  for  that  purpose  called  the  Swepe- 
stake,  wherein  ye  shall  convey  yowr  money  after  the  sccretest 
maner  that  ye  canne.  And  doubte  ye  nothyng  but  yowr 
srruice  shalbe  right  well  considered  at  lengthe.  The  kinges 
pleasure  is  that  ye  shall  not  delyver  the  money  out  of  yowr 
power  but  by  the  consent  of  Doctour  Boner  and  Cristofer 
Mount. 

1  f.  0.  haue  no  *  c.  0.  or  yourself  or  sende 

*  c.  o.  cause  of  •  c.  o.  for 

1  f.  o.  &  expencu  '  sic,  see  Notes 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  47 

179.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  DEPUTY  AND  COUNCIL  OF 
IRELAND. 

R.  O.  Cal.  x.  1051.    (1536.) 

Requests  him  to  delay  the  Act  of  Succession  in  the  Irish  Parliament  if  it 
has  not  yet  been  '  passed  thoroughly.'  The  King  sends  William  Body 
with  instructions  that  a  yearly  revenue  be  secured,  to  pay  for  the 
repression  of  treasonable  attempts  in  future. 

In  my  right  harty  maner  I  Cow/mende  me  vnto  youe 
Lating  youe  wit  that  the  kinges  highnes  having  seen  the 
L^/teres  writen  from  youe  Maister  Brabazon  vnto  me  con- 
teyning  a  recytal  of  suche  Actes  as  haue  been  in  this  session 
of  that  parliament  passed  the  nether  and  higher  houses  there 
and  rest  only  vppon  the  royall  assent  doth  accept  in  very 
good  parte  your  Labours  paynes  and  Travailes  in  the  con- 
ducing of  the  same  to  their  desired  purpose  and  giveth 
therfor  vnto  youe  all  his  moost  harty  thanks.  Albeit  his 
pleasure  is  that  in  cace  thacte  for  the  succession  be  not 
passed  thoroughly  ye  shall  staye  the  same  tyl  further  know- 
leage  of  his  grac^j  pleasure  whiche  shalbe  shortly  signified 
vnto  you  in  that  behaulf.  Vntil  the  signification  wherof  his 
pleasure  also  is  ye  shall  contynue  the  parliament  w/t/j  suche 
other  matiers  as  ye  shall  thinke  mete  to  Betreated  on  and 
remembred  in  the  meane  tyme.  And  Forasmoche  as  his 
Maiestie  hathe  Lately  writen  vnto  youe  and  to  the  Lordly 
and  cowmens  then  assembled  to  deuise  howe  the  chargies 
that  his  grace  hath  susteyned  may  be  partely  recompensed 
and  the  like  born  of  the  revenues  there  vppon  the  ministraczbn 
of  semblable  occasion  as  hathe  lately  chaunced  by  the  rebel- 
lion of  Thomas  Fitzgarrat  and  his  Complices,  his  highnes 
mynding  to  knowe  certainly  howe  ye  haue  provided  in  that 
matier  hath  at  this  tyme  destinated  and  sent  vnto  you  this 
Berer  my  s^ruaunt  Will/am  Bodye  wz't//  whom  like  as  his 
grac^j  pleasure  is  ye  shall  communicate  all  that  ye  haue 
doom-  therin  \vitA  the  inclynaabns  of  all  parties  to  the  same, 
Soo  ye  shall  give  vnto  him  full  and  vndoubted  credence  in 
suche  things  as  he  shall  declare  touching  that  matier  who 
hathe  been  sufficiently  instructed  and  enformed  for  the  declara- 
tion of  his  mynde  touching  that  p/<rpose  preceding  wit//  him 
soo  spedily  therin  as  he  may  again  return  w/t//  diligence.  Ye 
shal  also  vndrestande  that  forasmoche  as  the  king«  Maiestie 
hathe  given  vnto  tharchbisshop  of  Dublyn  the  hole  revenue 
due  of  his  Archbisshopriche  sythens  Michelmas  last  passed 
his  pleaswr  is  that  youe  Maistr  Brabazon  shall  eyther 
delyuer  the  same  to  the  said  bodye  or  dies  in  cace  it  be 


48  LETTERS  OF  [1536 

employed  in  the  kingly  affaires  there  signific  the  certain  some 
therof  to  thintent  it  maye  be  deducted  of  suche  moneys  as 
shall  shortly  be  sent  thither.  For  ye  shall  vndcrstande  that 
his  chargies  here  hath  been  greate  by  reason  wherof  he  is 

moche  indebted  and  must  discharge  the  same  of 

whiche  is  appointed  of  the  said  Bisshop  .  .  .  vnto  him.  For 
whom  in  the  meane  tyme  [I  haue]  vndertaken  vritA  all  his 
Creditowrs  [and  do]  therfor  desire  and  praye  youe  to  take  such 
order  as  he  maye  eythcr  from  thens  or  [hence]  by  yo«r 
lymitacibn  receyve  his  dieuty  accordingly. 

Your  lordshippis  and  other  of  the  k'mges  pryuey  counsaill 
assuryd  Freend  THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Endd.  A  minute  of  a  \e/ferc  to  my  lord  Lenard  and  other 
of  the  king«  counsaill  in  Ireland. 

A  Remembrance  to  Will/Vzm  Body  concernyng  his  Jornaye 
into  Ireland. 

First  the  said  Will/Vim  taking  w/tA  him  suche  L^//rres  as 
be  prepared  for  his  dispcche  shall  witA  convenient  diligence 
addresse  himself  thither,  and  at  his  arryvall  at  Dublyn  or  suche 
other  place  as  the  deputie  shalbe  thenne  in,  shall  to  the  same 
delyuer  the  said  Lttttres  wj'tA  myn  harty  and  effectual  reco»»- 
mendac/bns  to  him  and  all  others  of  the  kinges  highnes 
counsail  there. 

And  forasmoche  as  the  kingw  Maiestie  vppon  the  remem- 
brance of  the  importable  chargies  which  his  grace  hathe  been 
at  in  the  defence  of  his  loving  faithfull  and  obedient  sub- 
giecttej  there  against  the  malices  of  the  Thomas  Fitzgarrad 
his  Allyes  and  complices,  amounting  to  xlm  li !  sterling  and 
above  hath  Lately  considered  that  it  shalbe  expedient  for  him 
being  a  prince  of  hono«r  and  supreme  hed  and  gourr nowr  of 
that  land  and  domynion  to  haue  some  direction  taken  for  the 
cowtynual  yerely  payment  of  suche  a  revenue  to  his  grace  his 
heires  and  successoars  as  maye  aswell  defende  and  represse 
suche  attemptatrj  whenne  they  shal  prrcace  insurge,  as  in  tymc 
of  pcax  bothc  redubbe  that  which  shalbe  in  warre  expended 
and  advauncc  vnto  his  Maiestie  suche  a  revenue,  as  maye 
encourage  him  to  haue  the  more  care  and  regarde  to  his  sub- 
giectttt  there,  and  therupon  writen  to  the  said  deputy  Coun- 
sail the  lordfs  and  cowmcns  then  assembled  in  the  parliament 
to  dcuisc  in  suche  wise  uppon  this  matier  as  the  desired 
purpose  therof  might  take  effect,  whiche  his  grace  doubteth 

1  i.  c.  40,000  pounds. 


1536]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  49 

not  but  they  will  travail  wit//  suche  dexteritie  taccomplishe 
as  may  be  to  his  highnes  satisfaction  wherof  shall  ensue  their 
oune  suretye.  The  said  Will/am  bodye  shall  require  of  the 
said  Lord  Deputie  and  counsail  knowleage  of  their  proced- 
inges  in  this  behaulf,  and  what  they  haue  deuised  for  the 
furtherance  of  the  same,  in  what  sorte  and  howe  the  nombre 
will  by  all  lightlywood  be  appliable  to  the  graunting  therof 
Whiche  pointes  he  shall  note  in  writing  aftre  suche  sorte  as  he 
may  at  his  returne  prrfitely  and  plainly  declare  and  explicate 
eurry  parte  and  circuwstance  of  the  same. 

Endd.  A  remembraunce  to  William  Body  for  the  iowmey 
towardes  Irelande. 


180.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  PRIOR  OF  COXFORD. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xi.  485.    (1536.) 

Informs  him  that  his  house,  though  on  the  list  of  those  to  be  suppressed, 
has  been  saved  by  Cromwell's  efforts.  Asks  him  in  return  to  lend 
him  £40.  Cf.  Letter  163. 

Ryght  Reurrent  Father  In  god  I  Recomme«d  me  to  yow 
etc  &  the  cawys  off  my  wrytyng  att  thys  tyme  ys  thys  For  as 
myche  as  ytt  pleasrj  the  kyng  off  hys  Regall  power  to  take 
Refformaa'on  off  all  and  syngulrr  bowser  off  Relygyon  w*'t// 
In  thys  hys  Reme  For  the  abbwcyon  off  ther  lyfiyng  and 
some  schalbe  deposyd  off  the  wyche  yower  howse  was  namyd 
yett  nott  w/t/z  stand yng  by  the  Instans  of  yower  Frynd^j,  tyll 
the  Retorne  off  thys  my  Chaplaine  and  kynysman  I  do  kepe 
yo  harmeles  were  Fore  I  wyll  that  yow  Receiue  (him)  as  ye 
wold  me  yff  I  were  prrsent  Furtherl  wyll  thys  prrwess  co«- 
sedrryd  wyche  belongs  (to)  the  welthe  off  yower  howse  that 
ye  must  do  me  some  pleswr^  wyche  ys  to  lend  me  xl  1.  the 
wyche  schalbe  payd  yow  a  gane,  and  For  yower  payment  ye 
schall  Ressawe  a  byll  off  my  hand  were  In  ys  sett  no  su/« 
but  loke  how  myche  as  ye  delyurr  so  myche  to  wrytt  In  and 
thys  doyn  I  schallbe  Redy  to  kepe  yow  owtt  off  danger  as 
the  berer  here  off  can  scho  yow  more  planely  namore  to  yow 
buthat  yow  loke  to  the  panys  off  thys  berer  Wryttyn  att 
london 

By  me  THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  the  Reurrent  Father  In  god  priowr  off  Cokeys- 
ford  by  thys  d.  d. 


MEKR1MAN.     II 


50  LETTERS   OF  [1537 

181.  CROMWELL  TO  JAMES  BETTYS  AND  RICHARD  PALSHID, 
OFFICERS  OF  THE  CUSTOMS  AT  SOUTHAMPTON. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  189  (i).    Jan.  22  <i$37>- 

Requests  them  to  permit  200  sacks  of  wool  belonging  to  Anthony  Guydot 
to  pass  the  customs ;  they  are  to  take  securities  for  the  subsequent 
payment  of  all  duties  on  them. 

I  commend  me  hartely  vnto  you.  And  wher  as  my  frend 
Anthony  Guydot  hath  of  longe  tyme  sued  vnto  the  k'mges 
highnes  for  his  licence  to  convey  wolles  out  of  this  Realme 
and  hathe  for  that  intent  and  purpose  provided  (as  he  saythe) 
two  hundreth  sackvj.  I  shall  therfore  require  you  that  ye  pfr- 
myt  and  suffer  the  sayd  Anthony  or  his  assignes  to  passe 
and  lade  thesayd  nombre  of  two  hundreth  sackrj  in  any 
shippe  of  this  Realme  or  of  any  other  parties  beyng  in  liege 
and  amytie  \vt\A  the  kingrj  highnes  and  to  convey  thesame 
into  the  parties  of  beyond  the  see  at  his  or  their  liberty  and 
pleasure,  takyng  of  hym  or  of  his  sayd  assignes  good  and 
sufficient  suretie  suche  as  ye  will  answer  for,  to  pay  the  klnges 
custumes  and  other  duties  whiche  shalbe  due  vnto  his  highnes 
for  thesame,  at  yere  and  yere  after  the  shippyng  therof,  and 
I  shall  see  you  haue  sufficient  discharge  for  thesame.  thus 
fare  ye  hartely  well.  At  the  rolles  the  xxii*  day  of  January. 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  loving  fryndfs  James  Bettys  and  Richard 
Palshid  Custumers  of  the  towne  of  Southampton  and  to  either 
of  theym. 

Endd.  my  lord  pr/vyseale  To  the  Customers  of  Suth<?;;//>- 
\cn  to  let  passe  shippinge  for  wolles 

182.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  251 ;  Cal.  xii.  (i)  626.    Mar.  II  (1537). 

Sends  by  the  bearer  the  King's  answer  to  Gardiner's  letter,  and  his 
decision  about  Gardiner's  remaining  abroad.  Sends  also  letters 
from  Suffolk  about  the  latter1  s  affairs  in  France. 

Aftrc  my  moost  harty  cowmcndacibns  to  youre  lordshippe 
ye  shal  by  this  bersr  your  ssruaunt  receyve  the  King«  highnes 
W/^res  of  answer  to  yours  sent  by  Fraunces  the  Curro//r  w/'t// 
his  graces  further  resoluc/on  touching  yowr  Icngre  abode,  or 
spedy  return  as  the  cace  shal  require,  like  as  by  the  contents 
of  the  same  whiche  I  doubt  not  but  your  lordship  wil  in 


'537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  51 

curry  condition  soo  setfurth  as  shalbe  both  consonant  and 
agreable  to  his  pleasure  nowe  signified,  and  yet  witSi  the  same 
soo  entretayn  the  amytie  as  shal  appertayn,  ye  shal  more 
plainly  p^rceyve  I  sende  also  vnto  youe  herw/'t//  certain 
k7/rres  from  my  lord  of  SufiW£  touching  his  matier  I  suppose 
there  depending  in  controuersie,  the  setting  furth  of  which 
matier  also  I  Recow/mende  to  your  lordship  hartely  requiring 
the  same  in  suche  wise  to  set  it  furthe  and  in  suche  effectuel  sorte 
the  rather  for  my  sake  to  sollicite  and  followe  it,  as  he  maye 
therin  obteyne  fauorable  iustice  \vitA  spede  and  convenient 
celeritie,  your  travayl  wherin  as  he  himself  may  p^rtely 
desrrue,  soo  for  my  parte  I  shal  as  thankfully  accepte  them 
as  if  the  same  were  employed  in  myn  oune  cause,  And  thus 
most  hartely  Fare  youe  wel  From  the  Roullrj  the  xjth  of 
Marche  at  night 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lord  my  lord  of  Winchestre. 
Endd.   From  the  Roulles   the  xith  of  Marche  Mr.  Secre- 
tary. 


183.    CROMWELL  TO  THE  OFFICERS  OF  DOVER  AND 

CALAIS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  707.    Mar.  23,  1537. 

Passport  for  John  de  Lissasson,  who  goes  to  France  with  one  servant,  one 
horse  and  40  crowns  of  the  sun  in  money. 

After  herty  cowmendaabn  Thies  shalbe  to  aduertise  you 
that  the  Kingtt  maiestie  hath  geven  and  graunted  leave  and 
licence  vnto  John  de  Lissasson  seruaunt  of  The  Bishop  of 
Tarbe  the  Frenshe  Kingrj  ambassadewr  here  resident  to 
departe  oute  of  this  his  highnes  Realme,  towne  and  marches 
of  Calais  and  to  passe  togeder  w*t//  his  owne  srruaunt  and  oone 
horse  Also  the  some  of  Fortye  crownes  soleil  or  the  value 
therof  or  vnder  in  redy  money  gold  or  syluer  what  soever 
coyne  it  be  w*t/*  his  \ettcrzs  baggrj  bagagtt  and  necessaries  at 
his  liberte  and  w/t//  the  same  to  go  in  to  the  parties  of 
Fraunce  w*t//oute  any  maner  your  lett  trouble  vnlawfull  serche 
interruption  or  Impcdimewt  to  the  contrary.  Wherefore  I  late 
you  to  wit  his  maieste s  pleasur  and  cowmandement  is  ye  and 
every  of  you  shal  prrmitte  and  suffer  hym  so  to  departe 
and  passe  wit  A  oone  horse  and  thesaid  xl  crorrnes  in  maner 
and  fowme  aforesaid.  Thus  Fare  ye  well  From  the  King^s 

E  2 


52  LETTERS   OF  [1537 

palace  at  Wcstmi/w/rr  the  xxiii*11  day  of  Marche  the  xxviii111 
ycre  of  the  most  prosperouse  Reygne  of  our  sourrayn  Lord 
King  Henry  theight 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  loving  FreendV^  the  Mfaiers]  bailiffXr  Coustu- 
mfrs  Controllers  Serchers  and  other  the  Icings  officers  ministres 
and  Subiect/*j  Aswell  at  Dover  and  any  other  partrj  of  his 
gracAr  Realme  As  also  at  his  towne  and  marches  of  Calais. 
And  to  every  of  them. 


184.    CROMWELL  TO  THE  PRIOR  AND  CONVENT  OF 
WENLOCK. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  889.    Apr.  10  (1537). 

Desires  them  to  make  out  a  lease  of  the  farm  of  Clun  in  Shropshire  to 
Adam  Onley,  as  the  persons  to  whom  they  had  previously  leased  the 
reversion  have  forged  a  new  lease  and  cancelled  the  old  one. 

My  good  lorde  in  my  hartye  wyse  I  commend  me  vnto 
yowe  And  wher  as  ye  of  Late  grauntyd  and  dyd  let  to  Ferme 
vnto  Thomas  Crowther  and  Wylliom  Horwode  the  reumryon 
of  the  personage  of  Clon  and  the  Chapellrj  and  all  the 
prcbendfs  tythes  and  proffyto  to  the  same  parsonage  belong- 
ing for  terme  of  certen  yerys  to  begyn  ymmedyatly  Aftur  an 
olde  lease  therof  made  for  terme  of  certen  yerys  to  oonr  John 
Harley  gentylman  endyd  and  determynyd  And  wher  as 
the  said  Thomas  Crowther  and  Willwm  Horwod  by  craft 
pollycye  and  falshode  vsid  between  them  and  a  brother  of 
youres  nowe  of  Late  haue  stollen  owt  the  Covent  scale  of 
your  Howse  unknowyng  to  yowe  and  your  brethern  and  haue 
cownterfetyd  and  forged  a  newe  lease  of  the  prraiysses  And 
haue  cancelled  the  olde  lease  by  meanys  wherof  the  said  ncwe 
Lease  which  they  nowe  haue  forged  ys  clerly  voyde  by  the 
lawe  And  the  free  dysposyc/on  of  the  said  parsonage  ys  nowe 
in  yowe  and  your  brothern,  I  thcrfor  hartely  requyer  and 
instantly  desyer  yowe  that  ye  at  this  my  request  and  contem- 
plactbn  make  a  Lease  of  the  same  benyfyce  and  other  the 
p/rmysses  vnto  my  frende  Adam  Onley  brother  unto  the 
Kingrj  Attorney  of  his  Cowrt  of  the  Augme»tac/on  of  the 
revenues  of  His  Crowne  And  in  yo«r  so  doyng  ye  shall  doo 
me  synguler  pleasur  whych  I  will  god  willing  gladly  reaquyte 
in  any  your  prrsut^j  heraftur  to  be  made  And  that  ye  certefye 
me  by  wrytyng  by  the  bryngar  herof  what  ye  intend  to  do  in 


1537]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  53 

the  p/rmysses  at  this  my  contemplac/on.  And  thus  hartely  fare 
ye  well  Frome  London  the  Xth  daye  of  Apryll. 

Yottr  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWF.LL. 

Add.  To  the  Reuerend  father  in  god,  the  lorde  prior  of 
Wenlok  &  Cowvent  of  the  same. 

185.  CROMWELL  TO  MARGARET  QUEEN  OF  SCOTS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1198.     May  14,  1537. 

Has  prevailed  on  the  King  to  promote  her  quiet  and  ease,  as  the  bearer 
will  show.  Promises  to  serve  her  in  every  way  possible,  and  sends 
her  a  token  of  cramp-rings. 

My  dueuty  humbly  remcmberd  Pleasith  yo//r  grace  to  be 
aduertised  that  I  haue  receyved  your  sundry  L^/fcres  And 
Like  as  according  to  the  contents  of  the  same  I  haue  travailed 
\vit/t  the  K'mgcs  Maiestie  my  most  dradde  Sourraign  lorde 
and  Maister  for  the  conducing  of  your  graces  desires  to  suche 
frame  and  pointe  as  might  be  to  your  good  satisfaction,  whiche 
his  highncs  like  your  most  kinde  and  loving  brother  hathe  of 
himself  been  gladde  to  advaunce  and  setforward  for  your 
graces  quiet  and  cowmoditie  as  this  bcrer  canne  more  at 
Large  declare  vnto  you  Soo  I  shall  in  all  things  wherin  I 
maye  convenyewtly  doo  your  grace  any  sted  or  srruice,  as 
willingly  and  gladly  applie  myself  therunto,  as  you  canne 
desire  it  of  me,  beseching  your  grace  as  you  maye  w/t//out 
your  incowmoditie  that  I  may  from  tyme  to  tyme  be  adurr- 
tised  of  the  occurranter  of  those  parties,  whiche  I  shall  asferre 
as  I  maye  desrrue  again  in  the  sollicitac/on  of  your  honorable 
causes,  I  sende  vnto  your  grace  a  poore  token  of  Crampring^j 
whiche  right  humbly  I  beseche  you  taccept  in  good  parte 
having  more  respecte  to  the  good  wil  of  the  giver  thenne  to 
the  valewe  of  the  thing,  And  thus  &  thus '  as  I  beseche  our  lord 
to  have  yo«r  grace  in  his  blessed  tuicion  From  Westminster 
the  xiiiith  of  May  1537 

Endd.  Copie  of  my  lord  P.  S.  \e tteres  to  the  Quene  doager 
of  Scoter 

186.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  MAYOR,  BAILIFFS,  ALDERMEN 
AND  BURGESSES  OF  CAMBRIDGE. 

Cooper's  Annals,  i.  388 ;   Cal.  xii.  (i)  1205.    May  15  (1537). 

Regrets  their  continued  differences  with  the  University.  Advises  them 
to  desist  from  annoying  the  Vice-Chancellor,  proctors,  and  scholars. 

Aftre  my  hartie  Comendacons,  Wheras  it  pleased  the  kings 
hieghnes  to  permitt  me  to  receyve  the  Office  of  the  Chaun- 

1  sic. 


54  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

celorship  of  that  Universitic,  I  am  right  sory  to  pcrceyve  that 
nowe  in  my  tymc  noo  entrcatie  or  good  meanc  canne  bring 
youe  and  the  same  to  any  maner  of  agreement  or  suche  con- 
formitie  as  youc  maye  live  together  in  such  ordre  as  hath  been 
appointed.  I  cannot  otherwise  conceyve  but  that  eyther  youe 
think  the  King's  Maiestie  maye  not  graunt  them  such  liberties 
as  theyc  have,  or  ells  you  shcwe  your  selves  yvill  Subjiects 
that  wooll  presume  to  infringe  that  his  grace  hath  lawfully 
graunted.  It  is  not  unknowen  to  his  hieghncs  what  busincs 
youe  made  the  last  Sturberige  fayre,  ne  have  little  youe  estcme 
eyther  his  Charters  or  your  owne  composicon,  For  as  it  is 
affirmed  youe  wooll  neyther  take  the  viccchauncelor  for  a 
Judge  in  suche  things  as  belong  to  his  office,  ne  suffre  such 
correction  for  offences  the  punishment  whereof  is  appointed  to 
the  said  vicechauncelor  and  the  proctors  of  the  saide  Uni- 
vcrsitie,  as  for  the  same  be  prescribed,  but  in  contempt  doo 
many  tymes  put  to  libertie  suche  prisoners  without  their 
consent  as  they  comit  to  ward,  constrayning  Scollers  to  paye 
tollage  where  their  privileage  dothe  thereof  discharge  them, 
whiche  things  bicause  I  wold  be  glad  to  have  by  some  good 
mcane  redubbed  betwene  youe,  I  thought  meate  as  well  to 
advise  youe  to  desist  from  such  contentious  foly,  as  to  signifie 
that  in  cace  youe  shall  not  permitt  the  said  Univcrsitie  to 
cnioye  their  liberties,  but  continue  suche  contcncon  as  wher- 
uppon  may  ensue  many  inconveniencs  trouble,  and  empechc- 
mcnt  to  the  comen  quiet  of  the  realme  ;  I  shall  not  iaill  in 
suche  wise  to  declare  your  procedings  to  the  king's  Maiestie, 
as  I  trust  his  grace  shall  well  se  your  perverse  inclinacons 
in  that  behaulf.  Requiring  youe  to  alleviat  me  of  that  payne, 
\\hcrin  I  thinke  youe  shall  unto  your  sclfs  no  displeasure.  Thus 
facre  you  hartily  well.  From  the  Roulles  the  XVth  of  Maye. 

Yo//r  Frecnd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  loving  freends  the  Mayre.  Bailiffs,  Aldermen, 
and  Burgcsis  of  the  Towne  of  Camebridge. 

187.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER  AND  BRIAN. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,1 14,  f.  265  ;   Cal.  xii.  (i)  1235.     May  18,  1537. 

The  King  is  not  desirous  of  advancing  money  for  the  apprehension  of 
Pole,  but  he  will  be  glad  to  recompense  any  one  who  is  successful 
in  arresting  him.  Brian  is  at  liberty  to  return.  Cromwell  hopes 
Gardiner  also  will  soon  be  recalled. 

After  my  right  hcrty  cowmendacions  Thisc  shalbe  to  aducr- 
tisc  you  that  the  kingr*  highncs  hath  aswcll  receyved  yo//r 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  55 

le/fcres  of  the  xiiijth  of  this  moncth  addressed  vnto  his 
maiestie  by  his  seruaunt  Hammes  As  seen  and  pervsed  your 
other  k/teres  sent  by  Francisco  the  Currowr  to  me.  And  for 
answere  to  them  bothe  his  grace  hath  cowmaunded  me  to 
make  vnto  you  suche  answer  as  ensueth  Furst  wheras  in 
your  said  k/teres  directed  to  his  highnes  amonges  your  other 
advertissementrj  of  the  occurantrj  there  (For  the  which  his 
grace  geveth  vnto  you  his  right  herty  thanks)  ye  desire  to 
knowe  his  pleasure  touching  your  further  preceding  for 
thapprehension  of  his  traytowr  Pole  and  what  money  he 
shuld  be  content  to  defraye  for  the  conducing  of  the  same  to 
his  purpose  ye  shall  vnderstand  that  his  highnes  perceyving 
by  the  rest  of  your  \etteres  that  his  intent  therin  is  soo  dis- 
closed or  at  the  lest  suspected  that  being  the  said  Pole  ther- 
upon  aduertiscd  as  ye  write  he  is,  to  take  hyde  to  the  preser- 
uaczbn  of  hymself  there  is  no  likelyhod  that  ye  shuld  be  hable 
to  conduce  that  mater  to  his  desire  his  maieste  myndeth  not 
to  avanture  any  money  for  his  saide  apprehension  But  if  ye 
can  of  youself  Induce  the  p^rsones  w/tA  whom  ye  have  broken 
that  mater  to  devise  for  their  owne  benefite  to  do  it  If  ye  shal 
promise  them  som  honorable  reward,  in  cace  they  shal  bring 
it  to  passe  his  grace  will  not  faile  to  discharge  your  feith 
therin  For  the  matier  is  soo  opened  that  wzt^oute  the  parfite 
achievement  of  his  purpose  he  entendeth  not  to  put  anything 
in  hazard  for  the  compassing  of  it  Nowe  as  to  the  retourn  of 
you  Maister  Brian,  his  highnes  is  content  as  by  my  said 
letteres  I  did  playnely  adu^rtise  you  bifore,  perceyving  in  what 
termes  those  two  po'mctes  in  the  said  k7/rres  specified  doo 
consiste  as  by  thies  \etteres  it  appereth  ye  have  asmoche 
knowlege  as  ye  shal  atteyne  therof  that  ye  shal  retourn 
hether  at  your  libertie  accordingly.  And  you  my  lord  of 
Wynchestre  I  trust  that  eere  it  be  long  ye  shal  heare  likewise 
of  yo//r  desyred  retourn.  And  Thus  right  hertely  Fare  ye  well 
From  Hamptoncowrt  the  xviijth  day  of  Maye  the  xxixth  yere 
of  the  prosperouse  Regne  of  our  souuerain  lord  King  Henry 
theight. 

Yowr  louyng  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


And  wheras  in  your  letteres  ye  desire  to  knowe  the 
pleasure  whether  ye  Sir  Frauncw  Brian  shuld  reto//rn  thorough 
Flaundres  or  not  I  adu^rtise  you  his  graciouse  pleaswr*  is  that 
ye  shal  take  suche  waye  as  ye  shal  thinke  ye  may  most 
shortely  and  spedely  Reto«rne  hither  to  his  maieste  wiiA  con- 
venient diligence. 

Add.  To  my  veray  lovinge  Freendes  My  lord  ofWynchester 


56  LETTERS   OF  [1537 

And  Sir  Francss  Brian  Knight  The  King«  Maiesties  ambassa- 
dowrs  in  Fraunce. 

Endd.  1 8°  Maij  29°    My  Lorde  Pr/vie  Seal. 

188.  (CROMWELL)  TO  THE  DUKE  OF  NORFOLK. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1257.    May  22,  1537. 

General  instructions  from  the  King  concerning  the  regulation  of  affairs 
in  the  North,  especially  the  disposition  of  Bridlington  priory  and 
Jervaulx  abbey  in  Yorkshire,  and  other  property. 

Pleasith  it  your  grace  to  be  adurrtiscd,  that  the  kingw  highncs 
having  received  your  \etfercs  dated  at  Birlington  the  xviiith 
Day  of  this  moneth,  wherby  his  grace  jvrcaiveth  yowr  order 
takyn,  for  the  same  Birlington,  and  the  howse  of  Gervics,  his 
highnes  giving  vnto  you  alwaies  his  most  herty  thanks,  hath 
cowmaunded  me  to  advertise  you  of  his  graciousc  pleasoi/r, 
both  touching  the  effecte  of  the  same  yowr  l*7/rres,  and  also  to 
the  maters  comprised  in  yo«r  letteres  to  me,  wit//  certain 
remrw/brawo-j  dcliurred  vnto  me  by  leon^rd  Bekwit//.  And 
as  touching  your  said  order  surely  the  kingrj  highnes  liketh  it 
veray  well.  And  albeit  that  he  doubteth  not,  but  the  persons 
whom  ye  haue  appointed  woll  do  eurry  thing  to  the  best,  yet 
newrtheles  forasmoch,  as  by  Acte  of  ptfrliamewt  all  lanoV; 
attcynted  must  passe  by  thand^j  of  the  kingrj  generall  Sur- 
veyors and  certain  things  by  the  order  of  the  lawe  bothe 
in  fynding  off  officer  &  other  things  is  to  be  obsrrued,  ye 
shall  understonde  that  the  K'mges  highnes  at  this  tyme  dothe 
send  doun  certain  of  his  Counsail  to  take  order  in  that  mater, 
aswell  touching  the  Fynding  off  offisses  as  also  to  make 
certayn  &  perffect  bokes  of  all  things  belongyng  to  the  same; 
not  for  that  they  shall  attempt  to  adnull  or  infringe  eny  thing 
that  shalbe  done  by  you  ne  by  the  persons  appointed  by  your 
lordship,  but  that  they  all  to  gedrr  may  so  cowferre  that  cutry 
thing  may  be  perfitely  and  duely  done  to  the  king«  honowr 
&  resonable  proflfict,  his  grace  thinking  that  afore  the  same 
shalbe  directely  &  p^rfictely  accomplished,  considering  the 
tyme  of  the  yere  nowe,  and  that  fermrrs  cowmenly  entre  not 
but  about/-j  michaelmas.  It  shuld  not  be  for  his  graces  pr^ffict, 
to  make  any  graunt  of  any  part  of  the  said  land<\f,  vnto  the 
said  tyme  and  also  that  the  same  may  be  well  surveyed  at 
which  tyme  his  highnes  woll  not  onlyc  haue  suche  a  respect 
bothe  vnto  the  pore  men  Inh&beting  abowt  Bridlyngton  & 
Jervaux  but  also  forse  for  sonv  substa////ciall  person,  mete 
and  necessary  to  staye  the  cu«trey  &  kepe  hospitalite  l  to 

1  c.a.aa  shalbe  most  mete  &  convenient 


1.537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  57 

dwell  in  the  pryncypall  parte  of  the  monasterye  (for)  whom 
his  highnes  is  mynded  to  folowe  moch  your  lordships  advice 
and  counsail,  and  dothe  require  you  to  aduertise  hym  Fullye 
of  yowr  oppynyons  touching  the  same. 

And  as  touching  the  deposicons  takyn  of  certain  women 
anempst  the  cutting  doun  &  buryall  of  the  traytowrs  in  West- 
morland &  Cumberlande  surely  having  regard  &  respect  to 
the  evill  example  &  perverse  myndes  of  the  offendowrs,  whiche 
is  thought  cam  not  only  of  womens  heddcs  but  some  men  were 
the  principal  procurers,  the  kingej  highnes  thinketh  veryly, 
that  if  the  said  deposicons  had  been  ernestly  takyn.  theplaines 
of  that  mater  might  haue  been  easely  known.  And  therfore 
considering,  that  suche  a  misbehavowr  is  not  to  be  passed  ouer 
without  some  convenyent  punishment,  his  highnes  requireth 
you,  according  to  yonr  high  wysdom  and  his  trust  by  all 
meanes  possible,  to  trye  and  serche  out  the  princypall  doers 
and  occasioners  of  the  same,  whiche  oons  done,  and  they 
apprehended,  punishment  shalbe  devised  for  them  according 
to  the  qualities  of  their  offences 

And  as  to  the  ha  von,  wherof  yowr  lordship  writith,  the  kingej 
highnes  vpon  suche  co«siderac*bns  as  be  mencioned  in  your 
said  le//eres,  is  contented  that  if  xx  1.  according  to  fhe  saying 
of  Kekwz't^  woll  amend  it  that  ye  shall  cause  the  same  to  be 
don  this  sowmer  in  all  hast  possible,  remytting  neuertheles  the 
Ferther  expencej  to  your  wysdom 

As  for  the  Shryne,  the  kingej  highnes,  to  thentent  that  his 
people,  shuld  not  be  seduced,  in  the  offring  of  thair  money  his 
grace  wold  haue  takyn  doun,  whiche  and  all  other  plate  and 
Juellej  apperteyning  to  his  highnes,  except  suche  as  you  desire 
to  haue  for  your  money,  which  his  highnes  is  content  w/t//, 
his  pleasure  is l  shall  be  sent  vp  hider 2  w/'t//  all  spede  being 
also  contented  that  you  acc^rdeng  to  your  desire  shalhaue 
such  vestments  and  ornaments  of  the  church,  not  being  mete 
for  his  highnes  vse,  the  same  being  praysed  for  yowr  reasonable 
money  as  shall  appertain.  And  also  that  the  Corn  and  Catall 
specially  suche  as  be  mete  to  be  sold  be  vttered  his  highnes 
thinker  to  be  best  nowe  remytting  the  discrecyon  and  ordre 
therof  vnto  you  and  also  the  landej  likewise  at  this  tyme 
of  the  yere  being  bothe  sown  and  of  other  nature  his  highnes 
doubteth  not,  but  that  ye  will  substawncially  ordre  the  same,  as 
shalbe  most  for  his  highnes  pr^ffitt.  And  the  pleasure  of  his 
highnes  is  that  the  due  dettey  of  the  said  howses  well  prouyde 
w*t//out  Covyn  shalbe  contented  of  the  goodes  of  the  same. 

1  c.  o.  and  so  it  is  thought  *  c .  o.  as  yowr  lordship  thinketh 
best  most  convenient 


58  LETTERS   OF  [1537 

And  as  to  the  leadc,  and  all  other  things,  wherein  ye  be 
willing  to  knowe  the  king«  pleaswr,  your  lordship  shall 
vnd/rstond,  that  upon  the  vieu  and  survey  therof  no  we  at  this 
tyme  by  yowr  grace  and  his  cowmissionrrs  to  be  eftsones  sent 
vnto  his  highnes  in  all  things  he  wooll  vppon  the  sight  of  the 
same  determyn  his  Father  pleasure 

The  king«  highnes  also  desireth  yo//r  lordship  that  ye  woll 
mak  due  serchc  of  suche  Lander  office,  Fees,  fermes  and  all 
other  things  as  were  in  the  hands;  &  possession  of  the  lord 
darcy  sir  Rob/rt  constable  sir  fraunces  bigot  sir  John  bulnvr, 
Sir  Stevyn  hanvrton  l  sir  Thow/as  Percy  N;V//0/as  Tempest 
&  all  the  persons  of  (those  parts)  lately  attcynted  here  and 
to  certifye  the  same  to  his  grace,  to  thentent  the  same  may 
cowferre  them  to  the  persons  worthy  accordingly,  and  like- 
wise to  cause  a  prrfite  inventory  of  their  good«  landrj  and 
possessions  to  be  made  &  sent  vp  wit//  convenient  spede  as 
shall  appertain. 

As  touching  newes,  ther  be  non  here,  but  that  ther  is  lately 
comyn  hider  twoo  ambassadors  from  thempnwr  out  of  spayn 
the  oon  of  them  named  being  of  a  good  howse,  &  nere  vnto 
themprrowr.  as  yet  I  can  not  csrtifie  your  grace  of  their 
purpose  bicause  they  haue  not  had  accesse  to  the  Kingrj 
highnes.  when  I  shall  know  I  woll  make  you  participate  therof, 
wher  I 

Endd.  Copy  of  my  \ordes  \fttfres  to  my  lord  of  Norffolk 
xxiith  maij. 

189.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WVATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  203  ;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  41.    June  6,  1537. 

Reports  the  reception  of  the  ambassador  Mendoza,  who  has  come  to 
consult  about  the  marriage  between  the  Princess  Mary  and  the 
Infant  Dom  Luiz  of  Portugal.  Informs  Wyatt  of  the  subjugation  of 
the  rebellion  in  the  North. 

After  my  right  herty  commendacibn  Albeit  ye  have  ben 
hitherto  somwhat  slak  and  negligent  to  write  vnto  me  and 
aduertise  me  from  tyme  to  tyme  of  yowr  occurrence  and 
successes  yet  nevertheles  having  oportunite  to  write  vnto  you 
by  the  bringer  herof  Monsjri/r  du  Vauldray  who  hath  been 
herr  w/t//  the  Kingrj  Maieste  from  the  Quene  of  Hungrye 
Regen  in  the  lowe  countrees  to  visite  and  salute  his  hieghncs 
and  declare  her  excuses  of .  the  conveyance  made  and  gcvcn 
to  the  traytoi/r  Pole  to  conducte  hym  from  Cambray  (whcr* 

1  f.  o.  of  all  the  persons  of  those  parties 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  59 

being  cow/maunded  by  the  frenshe  king  to  avoyde  all  his 
dominions  he  was  retyred)  to  the  dominion  of  the  bishop  of 
liege  whiche  was  thought  to  have  ben  more  solewne,  the;;  the 
traytes  Requyred.  It  notwithstanding  .  his  grace  hath  taken 
their  excuses  in  good  part  .  Nowe  at  his  departure  from  hens 
to  Themp<?ro//rs  Court  I  have  thought  to  aduertise  you,  that 
Don  Diego  de  mendoza  is  arrived  here  .  at  the  Wodensday 
next  after  pentecost  resorting  to  the  kinge  maieste  then 
being  at  Hamptoncowrt  .  was  veray  honorably  met  receyved 
and  entreteyned  after  the  best  sorte  w/t//  the  which,  and  also 
the  other  ambassadewr  here  resident  I  and  other  of  the  kinge 
conseill  .  by  his  Maieste  appoinctemewt  have  had  at  sundry 
tymes  conference  togeder  vpon  the  causes  of  his  cowmyng 
touching  the  mariage  Wherunto  although  his  grace  bee  of 
good  inclination  nevertheles  as  yet  there  is  nothing  concluded 
Aswell  bicause  the  said  Don  Diego  brought  no  newe  commis- 
sion w/t/*  hym  but  onely  suche  as  thambassadcw  bifore  tyme 
here  resident  had  receyved  long  bifore  his  cowmyng  As  also 
bicause  they  seme  to  make  som  difficulte  in  suche  things  as 
on  our  behalf  be  proposed  and  demaunded  touching  the  bishop 
of  Rome .  that  the  said  Emp^rowr  for  his  behalf  shal  not  sticke 
w/'t//  his  doings  but  rather  departe  from  them  and  adhere  to 
the  kinge  maieste,  in  suche  wise  that  he  shuld  assent  nor  agree 
to  no  maner  thing  that  the  said  bishop  or  his  adherents  wold 
attempt  agenst  his  maieste  Realme  or  subiecte  or  to  any  dis- 
pleastt/r  of  thesame  but  rather  lett  it  and  w/t//stand  all  suche 
purposes  and  enterprises  to  the  vttermost  of  his  power.  And 
as  yet  have  not  agreed  therunto.  Wherupon  the  said  ambas- 
sadors and  also  vpon  other  conference  had  wtUt  them  have 
writen  at  this  tyme  by  the  said  Monsieur  de  Vauldray  And 
vpon  suche  answer .  as  they  shal  have  from  thens  agayn  .  the 
hole  mater  shalbe  or  concluded  or  broken  of  .  as  the  cace  shal 
Requyre  Wherof .  I  thinke  best  and  advise  you  to  pretende 
ignorance  .  Yet  nevertheles  if  ye  see  good  oportunite  and 
occasion  offred  .  ye  may  shewe  what  disposition  ye  knewe  the 
king*?.?  highnes  (vpon  good  causes)  was  at  your  departure  Im- 
mutably agenst  the  said  bishop  and  that  ye  double  not  but 
he  shuld  not  repute  hole  entiere  and  p<:rfite  allyance  v/itA  any 
person  .  that  wold  agree  assent  or  assist  hym  to  any  thing  that 
myght  sounde  to  his  grace  person  Royaulme  or  subiecte 
displeaswr*?  sayeng  and  declaring  the  same  as  of  yowr  self 
w/'t/*  the  best  circus/stance  and  as  discretely  as  ye  can  .  Taking 
hede  evermore  to  the  entretenemewt  and  norrishing  of  the 
good  amytie  bitwen<?  them  asmoche  as  ye  shall  convenyently 
may  and  in  all  thinge  requisite  keping  yowrself  as  closse  as 
shalbe  expedient  vsing  in  this  yowr  charge  such  good  dexterite 


60  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

and  circumspection  as  ye  knewe  our  good  opinion  and  cxpcc- 
tac/bn  was  and  endureth  yet  ye  shuld. 

As  concerning  of  our  newes  and  successes  her*  sithens  your 
departure  I  assure  you  thanckrj  be  to  our  blessed  Creatowr 
the  kings;  Maieste  is  in  as  good  helth,  and  disposition  as 
I  saw  hys  grace  of  a  long  season  And  the  more  bicausc  the 
Que'nes  grace  is  qwick  wit//  childe  god  by  his  grace  sende  her 
good  deiiuerawce  of  suche  aprince  long  to  lyve  according  to 
his  Maiestrt  graciouse  desir  and  the  common  Joye  and  wclth 
of  all  his  Realme  and  good  feithfull  subiecter  \\ho  for  the 
same  being  the  newes  therof  brought  from  Hamptoncowrt 
hcther  to  london  on  Trinitie  sondaye  at  after  none  there  was 
grete  celebrite  at  Poules  and  thanckw  geven  to  god,  and  in 
the  evenyng  solewine  fyres  made  in  sundry  placrj  as  well 
of  the  Citie  as  of  other  townes.  The  hole  cstat  of  the  Realme 
from  the  highest  to  the  lowest  are  in  veray  good  rest  and 
quicte  wit//  their  herty  obedience  and  good  will  (to)  the  king« 
maieste  all  of  oon  vnion  and  concorde  suche  as  have  ben 
offendowrs  veray  sorye  for  their  offences  and  full  desyrouse  to 
have  occasion  to  ministre  the  kingrr  maieste  som  acceptable 
srruice  for  to  shewe  their  true  hert  to  hym  the  more  con- 
formed for  his  benign  and  graciouse  pardon  mercyfully 
extended  vpon  them  which  his  maieste  hath  observed  hitherto 
and  woll  for  ever  observe  Inviolably.  For  although  .  the 
"Lordes  Darcy  and  Husey  .  Sirs  Robrrt  Constable  .  Fraunc^r 
bigot,  John  bulmer  .  Stephen  Hamerton,  Knights  The  lord 
Lomleys  son,  Robert  aske,  Nicholas  tempest  Thabbott  of 
Jervaulx  the  priowr  of  byrlington  and  som  other,  also 
Sir  Thomas  Percy  .  had  their  pardon  .  yet  bicause  they  have 
ben  openly  convinced  and  attayntcd  .  of  certaine  cowspiracyes 
and  highe  treasons  most  Ingrately  spitefully  and  haynously 
committed  agenst  his  benigne  and  so  graciouse  mercy  full 
maieste  vnto  them  (as  Right  was  and  their  Incurable 
Ingratitudes  deserved)  have  ben  condawned  of  highe  treason, 
and  som  of  them  alredy  executed  Wherof  if  there  is  any  co«*- 
municacion  moved  vnto  you  ye  maye  .  assuredly  afferme  that 
If  they  had  not  highely  offended  sithens  the  kings*  pardon, 
his  maieste  had  never  rcmcwbrcd  their  precedent  offenses  nor 
imputed  thesame  to  their  charge,  Being  a  prince  most 
honorable  observatour  of  his  worde  .  But  seing  their  cankred 
recidive  hert  he  could  no  lesse  doo  then  to  suffre  them  to 
have  his  lawes  .  to  thcxemple  of  suche  Ingrateand  Irremediable 
obstinate  hcrte.  Shortely  of  all  other  occurrence  as  shal 
succede  &  of  other  conference  I  shal  adusrtise  at  large  by 
the  next  that  shal  be  sent  Thither.  Thus  Fare  ye  Right 
hertely  well  From  the  Roller  this  vi*  of  Juny  the  XXIXth 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  61 

yere   of   owr   most   noble   souu^rain   lorde  his   prosprrouse 
Regne. 

Yowr  louyng  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  Freend  Sir  Thomas  Wyat 
Knight  The  Icings  of  England^  his  maiestrj  ambassador 
Resydent  wzt^  Thempm>#r. 

Endd.  From  my  lord  prevy  sele  the  first  by  Vauldray  the 
xxvi  of  June.  Also,  My  lord  privy  sele  in  Juyne  at  Valodd 
by  Vauldry. 

190.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  LORD  ADMIRAL. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  208.     July  4  (1537). 

Reports  the  capture  of  certain  Breton  pirates  about  Tenby  in  South  Wales. 
Requests  him  to  inform  the  King  and  learn  his  pleasure  concerning 
them. 

In  my  right  harty  wise  I  cowmende  me  vnto  yowr  lordship 
thiese  shalbe  to  adu^rtise  thesame,  that  this  day  I  haue 
receyved  let feres  from  John  Wynter  of  Bristowe  wherby  I 
rvrsayve  that  about  seynt  Peters  day  last  passed  tidynges 
came  thither  of  two  Britons  whiche  lay  on  the  cost  of  Wales, 
and  entred  on  a  ship  of  Bristowe  that  was  freight  for  Biscay 
and  it  is  doubted  that  they  haue  either  taken  the  ship  and 
goodes  or  atte  lest  spoyled  the  same  .  they  haue  also  robbed 
and  spoyled  certayne  botes  that  were  repayring  towards 
Bristowe  w/t//  marchaundise  agaynst  Seynt  James  fayr,  and 
of  likelihod  entend  to  wayt  for  Shippes  and  botes  co/wmyng 
to,  and  fro,  that  feyr.  But  in  the  meane  season  one  Bowen  of 
Bristowe  hathe  met  vfiih  xiiii  or  xv  of  the  Britons  about  Tynby 
in  wales  whiche  landed  ther  for  the  refresshyng  of  their 
vitaill,  and  he  hathe  caused  theym  to  be  co;#mytted  to  prison, 
and  besides  that  wynter  hathe  manned  a  ship  out  of  Bristowe 
for  Rochell,  -with  fiftie  Souldio//rs  besides  maryners,  and  if  they 
come  in  his  way  I  doubt  not  he  will  borde  theym.  I  pray 
you  adurrtise  the  Kingcs  highnes  herof,  and  knowe  his  pleasure 
therin,  and  what  his  highnes  will  haue  to  be  done  in  this 
mater  and  socially  w/t^  the  prisoners,  and  whither  his  highnes 
will  haue  any  other  thyng  to  be  executed  in  those  parties, 
that  I  may  write  therof  accordyngly  .  thus  the  blessed  Trenyte 
preserve  your  good  lordship.  At  the  rolles  the  fourthe  day  of 
July. 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 


Endd.  a  lettere  to  my  lord  Admyrall     p^rticuler  letters. 


62  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

191.   CROMWELL  TO  (LORD  HUNGERFORD)'. 

Longford  Castle  MSS. ;  not  in  CaJ.     July  6  ( 1 537). 

Requests  him  to  examine  the  charge  against  Thomas  Beese,  vicar  of 
South  Stoke  in  Somerset  and  to  liberate  him  from  prison. 

And  wher  as  before  this  tyme  upon  your  advertisement  of 
the  mysdemeanour  of  Sir  Thomas  Beese  Clcrke  vicar  of 
Southstoke  in  the  County  of  Somerset  I  required  you  to 
commyt  him  to  warde  to  the  next  gaole,  And  forasmoche  as 
the  said  vicar  hath  sufficient  sureties  bounde  for  hym  that  he 
shalbe  furthecommyng  to  answer  to  soche  thyngcs  as  shalbe 
layd  agaynst  hym  on  the  kynges  behalfe  I  require  you  calling 
unto  you  somme  other  discrete  persone  beyng  one  of  the 
Kynges  Justices  of  the  Peax  to  exammyne  the  truthe  of  the 
matier  whiche  is  layde  agaynst  the  sayd  vicar  with  the  cir- 
cumstaunccs  therof  by  all  the  ways  and  meanes  ye  con- 
venyently  may,  And  to  advertise  me  thcrof  when  ye  shall 
have  oportunyte  therto.  Requiryng  you  farther  upon  the 
receipt  herof  to  cause  the  sayd  vicar  to  be  put  at  his  libertie 
and  to  be  delivered  out  of  prison. 

Stebenhithe,  6  July. 
Signed. 


192.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Lisle  Papers,  ii.  128;  not  in  Cal.    July  6  (1537). 

Requests  him  to  give  his  support  to  Lady  VVhethel  in  the  controversy  she 
has  with  her  son. 

After  my  right  herty  Commendations  to  your  Lordeshippe 
Forasmoche  as  in  the  Controuersyc  depending  bitwcnr  the 
lady  Whcthel  and  her  sone  the  kingrr  maiestc  hath  directed  his 
commission  thether.  In  consyderacibn  that  she  is  a  wydowe 
sole  and  destitute  of  Confort  I  have  thought  for  the  preserua- 
c/on  of  her  good  right  hertely  to  desyre  and  praye  you  that 
the  rather  at  myn  instance  and  Requisition  ye  will  bc.irc  her 
your  lawfull  favour  and  support  in  her  good  right  and  title 
according  to  the  lawe  equite  and  Justice.  So  that  no  part 
therof  be  oppressed  but  the  veray  truth  appcre  and  have 
place  accordingly.  Whcrin  ye  shal  doo  avcray  charitable 
dede  meritoriouse  towaroVj  god  and  to  me  acceptable  pleaswr. 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  63 

Thus  Fare  ye  right   hertly   well    From  Stibenheth  this  vi"1 
day  of  July. 

Yo«r  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  Lord  The  Visconte  Lisle  deputie 
of  the  Kinges  towne  and  marches  of  Calays. 
Endd.  for  my  lady  Whetyll 

193.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  205  ;   Cal.  xii.  (ii)  228.    July  8,  1537. 

Thanks  him  for  his  letters.  Sends  him  news  of  the  execution  of  the 
Northern  rebels,  and  of  the  taking  of  St.  Pol  and  Montreuil  by  the 
'  Joly  armye '  of  Burgundians. 

After  my  right  herty  cowmendac/on  Bicause  I  wold  not 
lett  this  bercr,  George  Pery,  oon  of  the  gentilmen  of  Monsieur 
Chappuys  ihemperours  ambassadowr  here  resident  to  departe 
w/V/oute  my  \etterts  vnto  you  although  I  can  not  amplely 
aduertise  you  of  all  things  yet  for  this  present  I  aduertise  that 
being  here  at  Stepeney  this  mornyng  arryved  hither  Rouge 
Croix  the  herald  which  ye  sent  w/t//  your  \etterzs  dated  the 
xxiijth  daye  of  June  last  And  soo  I  sent  them  Incowtinently  to 
the  Icings  higlmes  which  is  nowe  at  Oking  Wherfore  as  to  his 
pleaswr  vpon  the  same  I  can  not  by  this  berer  infowrme  you  of 
it.  But  for  my  letteres  aswell  writen  at  your  furst  arryvaill 
bifore  ye  had  audience  as  for  those  I  have  nowe  receyved  I 
geve  vnto  you  my  herty  thanks  taking  yo«r  excuses  for  yowr 
so  late  writing  in  good  parte.  As  touching  the  cowmunica- 
c/on  \vit/t  themp^rowrs  ambassadors  here,  whcrof  I  wrote 
prtrtely  vnto  you  by  Monsieur  de  Vauldray  .  I  hope  there 
shall  folowe  good  successe  of  it  soo  that  there  shalbe  founde 
reasonable  conformite  and  correspondence  of  that  behalf. 
Concernyng  the  newes  of  this  Royaulme  Nothing  is  succeded 
sythens  my  last  writing  but  from  good  quiete  and  peace  dayly 
to  better  and  better.  The  traytours  have  ben  executed  The 
lord  darcy  at  towre  hyll  .  the  lord  husey  at  Lincoln  Aske 
hanged  vpon  the  dongeon  of  the  Castell  of  York  And  sir 
Robert  owstable  hanged  at  hull .  the  residue  were  executed  at 
Thyfbourne  So  that  as  ferre  as  we  can  prrceyve  all  the 
cancred  hertrj  bee  wyded  awaye.  The  bourgoynons  have 
a  Joly  armye  of  hardy  men  .  the  which  at  the  furst  brout 
toke  Sainct  Pol  by  assawte  and  there  kylled  at  the  assaulte 
viii :  l  Frenshmen  and  at  the  entre  &  furowr  of  the  co;/;myng 
in  M^02  and  more.  From  thens  they  passed  the  Countrey 

1  i.e.  Soo.  a  i.e.  1500. 


64  LETTERS   OF  [153? 

and  came  to  Mowtereul  where  they  abode  two  dayes  so  the 
towne  was  yelden  by  composition.  Mons/ri/r  de  Canaplcs 
capitayn  there  and  the  men  of  werre  wewt  oute  v/itA  their 
baggr  j  &  bagagrr  afterward  the  towne  was  spoyled  brent  and 
rased.  From  thcns  they  went  Incontinent  to  laye  the  siege 
at  Therowewne  where  they  be  as  yet  in  good  hope  to  take  it. 
they  have  as  yet  had  in  maivr  never  a  skarmoch  by  the 
Frenshmen  that  we  can  here  of  Albeit  they  saye  the  Dolphyn 
and  grete  maistre  are  no  we  at  Abbeville  preparing  and  assem- 
bling their  armye  and  puissaunce  to  reskue  that  town  .  and  the 
frenshe  king  is  at  Fontayne  bleaw.  they  cracke  that  they  woll 
geve  them  bataille  but  what  they  shal  do  I  can  not  lightly  Juge 
Thise  I  have  thought  w/tA  this  present  occasion  by  the  bearer 
that  taryeth  for  non  other  purpose  to  write  vnto  you  although 
generally  and  in  haste  more  amplely  I  shal  write  by  the  next 
Nevertheles  for  all  the  hast  I  wold  not  omitte  to  aduertise  you 
that  som  yowr  srruaunt^j  here  be  called  and  named  common 
stellers  of  the  king«  hawkrj  I  wold  ///<re  shal  (be)  gevcn 
warnyng  that  they  shal  leave  suche  prankrj  and  that  ye  wolbe 
no  mayntener  of  such  vnlawfull  felowes  of  light  disposition, 
and  write  vnto  them  ernestly.  I  thinke  no  nede  to  write  of 
the  Kingrj  and  Quenes  grac^j  veray  pr^sperouse  disposition 
god  cowtynue  it  as  I  trust  for  a  grete  many  yeres.  Thus  Fare 
ye  right  hertely  well  From  Stepeney  this  viij*  of  July 
xv^xxxvii 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  Freend  Sir  Thomas  Wyat 
Knight  the  King«  Ambassador  Resident  in  Themprrowrs 
[Cjourte 

Endd.  My  lord  prrvi  selc  in  Juli  by  George  pery  delivered 
at  saragosse 

ii  from  my  lord  prnrisele  by  George  pery  at  Saragosse 
received  the  iid  of  August  of  the  date  of  viii  of  July. 

194.  CROMWELL  TO  (LORD  LISLE  AND  THE  COUNCIL 
OF  CALAIS). 

B.  M.  Cleop.  E.  iv,  f.  55  ;  CaL  xii.  (ii)  267.    July  17  (1537). 

The  King  desires  that  William  Minstreley  and  William  Richardson,  two 
priests,  be  sent  to  England  in  custody. 
'  papistical!  facions  '  to  be  maintained  in 


priests,  be  sent  to  England  in  custody.    Reproofs  for  permitting  such 

Calais. 


Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmcndac/ons  The  King«  highnes 
Being  enformed   that   there  be   two  presto  in  that  towne 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  63 

thonc  called  Sir  William  Minstreley  whiche  is  nowe  in 
warde  thother  called  Sir  W///mm  Richardson  otherwise  good 
S/>  Wit/tarn,  hathe  cowmaunded  me  to  signifie  vnto  you, 
that  like  as  his  pleasure  is  that  vppon  the  receipt  herof  you 
shall  sende  bothe  the  said  prestes  hither  as  prisoners  in 
assured  custodye,  Soo  his  grace  cannot  a  litle  mrrvayl  to 
here  of  the  papisticall  fac/on  that  is  mayntained  in  that 
towne  and  by  you  chiefly  that  be  of  his  gracrj  counsail, 
Surely  his  Maiestie  thinkethe  that  you  haue  litle  respecte 
cither  to  him,  to  his  lawes,  or  to  the  good  ordre  of  that  towne 
whiche  soo  litle  regarde  him,  in  a  matier  of  soo  greate  weight, 
whiche  also  his  highncs  hathe  somoche  to  harte,  and  willed 
me  plainly  to  intymate  vnto  you  all  and  cu^ry  of  you,  that  in 
cace  he  shall  prrceyve  from  hensforthe  any  such  abuses 
suffred  or  wynked  at,  as  haue  been  hitherto  in  maner  in 
contempt  of  his  most  Royall  estate  mayntained,  His  highnes 
woll  put  others  in  the  best  of  your  Romes  that  shall  soo 
offende  him,  By  whome  he  wilbe  Better  s^rued,  It  is  thought 
against  all  reason  that  the  prayers  of  women  and  there  fonde 
flikeringfj  shuld  move  any  of  you  to  doo  that  thing,  that 
shuld  in  any  wise  displease  the  prince  and  sourraign  lord  or 
offende  his  iust  lawes.  And  if  you  shal  thinke  any  extremytie 
in  this  writing  you  must  thanke  yourselfes  that  haue  soo 
procured  it,  for  neither  of  yourselfcs  haue  you  regarded  thise 
matiers  ne  answered  to  many  my  "Lcttctzs  writen  for  like 
pf/rposes  and  vppon  like  occasions,  Wherin  thoughe  I  haue 
not  made  any  accusac/on,  yet  Being  in  the  place  for  those 
things  that  I  am  I  haue  thought  you  did  me  therin  tomoche 
Iniury  and  suche  as  I  am  assured  his  highnes  knowing  it  wold 
not  haue  taken  in  good  partc.  But  this  mater  nedeth  noo 
aggravaabn,  ne  I  haue  doon  any  thing  in  it,  more  thenne 
hathe  Been  By  his  Ma/rjte  thought  mete  pm:ace  not  so- 
moche And  thus  Fare  you  hartely  well  From  Sutton  the 
xvijth  of  July 

Yow  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 
195.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  328.    July  24  <I537>- 

Thanks  him  for  his  news,  and  assures  him  of  his  friendship,  in  spite  of 
his  former  sharp  letters,  which  were  intended  only  as  a  warning  to 
the  Council  not  to  persist  in  their  obstinate  pertinacity  and  errors. 

After  my  most  affectuousc  commendaabn  to  your  lord- 
ship w/t//  like  thankrj  for  your  newes  wri//cn  vnto  me  in  your 
of  the  xvth  of  this  moneth  which  I  have  receyved  this 

MERRIMAN.     II  F 


66  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

mornyng.  And  forasmoch  as  by  the  king^j  maiestrj  co;;/- 
maundcment  I  wrote  vnto  you  and  other  of  his  grac^ 
counscill  thcr  for  the  sending  vp  of  two  sediciousc  prestr.v 
somwhat  sharpcly  to  thcntcnt  that  some  of  the  said  conseill 
which  leanc  moche  to  their  suprrsticiouse  oldc  obscruac/ons 
and  Rites  myght  be  general  warnyng  to  you  all  dy  reeled. 
Beware  howe  to  mochc  to  stande  in  their  obstinat  p/rtinacyc 
and  errowr  in  somr  things  but  be  induced  to  bring  their 
hertrj  Inward  to  the  cowformite  of  the  truthe  Whatsoever  be 
wri//en  in  the  same  my  lorde  thinkc  non  otherwise  but  that 
I  remayne  styll  your  parfitc  and  synccr  Frecnd,  and  that  by 
such  sharpncs  ye  ar  non  otherwise  touched  to  therby  (than) 
to  take  an  occasion  to  be  concurrent  w/tA  me  to  altcrc  such 
evill  instructed  and  enclyncd  hertrj  to  (leave)  their  olde 
Ceremonyes  and  obsmiac/ons  and  exhortc  them  to  knowc 
and  folowc  the  truth  declared  vnto  them  and  to  sett  all 
obstinacyc  and  hardncs  of  hcrt  a  partc  not  thinking  them 
sclffs  wyser  in  such  things  then  the  moost  lerncd  and  best 
of  the  Royaulme.  As  I  trust  somoche  in  yo//r  goodncs  that 
ye  will  not  faille  to  do  your  good  office  and  as  mochc  as 
lycth  in  your  power  for  the  same  And  like  as  therein  ye  shal 
administer  vnto  the  kingrj  highnes  veray  acceptable  plcas//r 
and  thankcfull.  So  I  shal  soo  moche  cstemc  yo//r  good 
ernest  preceding  therto  as  to  any  other  other  l  thing  as  whcrin 
ye  could  do  me  most  pleas//r.  And  cowtynuyng  my  good 
affection  towards  you  will  no  lessc  ernestly  employe  me  self 
to  the  furtheraunce  of  your  resonablc  desires  and  suifs  when 
soever  occasion  shal  serve  me  therto  trusting  to  gett  yo//r 
bill  signed  at  the  kingrj  grace  next  being  at  Wyndsor  Thus 
Fare  ye  right  hcrtcly  well.  From  Esthamsted  this  xxiiiilh 
of  July 

Yo//r  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWEI  i  . 

Add.   To   my  vcray  good   lordc   the  Viscont   Lyslc   the 
deputie  of  his  maiestrj  townc  and  marchcys  of  Calays 


196.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  SHERIFF  OF  WEXFORD. 

R.  O.  CaL  xii.  (ii)  375.    July  31  (i$37>. 

Has  obtained  leave  from  the  King  that  an  Act  shall  pass  in  the  Irish 
Parliament  for  the  continuance  of  the  liberties  of  Wcxford. 

Copye  of  the  letter  Sent  vnto  the  Shyryf  of  the  Countyc 
ofWexford. 

After  my  Right  hartye  co;//mendac/bns,  I  hauc  Receyuid 
yowr  "Lfttfrcs  with  your  token  of  Remcmbrauncc  addressed 

1  Hf. 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  C7 

vnto  me  by  this  Berer  and  Consydering  your  honestie  and 
Reasonable  petiabns  conteyned  in  the  same  haue  Been  a 
Suter  to  the  Kinges  Ma/V^tie  for  your  Satisfacc/on  therm,  at 
the  Contemplac/bn  wherof  as  his  Highnes  hathe  appointeid 
an  acte  to  passe  in  his  parlyament  therfor  the  contynuaunce 
of  your  Lyberties  dureing  his  gracrj  pleasowr.  Soo  his 
Ma/r^tie  is  determyned  to  appointie  suche  officers  among^ 
you  as  youe  shalle  haue  cause  to  be  contented  withall.  his 
highnes  not  doughting  youe  wylle  in  all  things  vse  your  selffV.? 
soo  lyke  goode  &  faythfull  Subiectar  towards  him  as  his 
grace  shalle  haue  every  daye  more  cause  to  shewe  himselffe 
your  good  &  gracyous  lorde.  And  for  my  parte  vseing  your 
selfli'j  towards  his  highnes  as  besemeyth  youe  doubt  youe 
not  but  I  shalbe  a  contynuall  solysytowr  for  youe  in  all  your 
Reasonable  purposes  and  in  suche  Wyse  from  tyme  to  tyme 
aduaunce  your  smiices  and  faythfull  demeanowrs  as  the 
same  shalle  not  be  w/t/*oute  condigne  thanks  Requyring  to 
aduertyse  me  by  your  L^/fcres  as  you  shalle  See  any  thing 
doon  that  shalle  in  any  wise  be  againste  the  king«  house  his 
Suretye  or  the  wealle  of  that  his  Lande.  Wherin  youe  shalle 
doo  vnto  me  very  acceptable  pleasowr.  And  this  fare  ye 
hartyly  well.  From  Sonnynghill  the  Last  of  Julye 

loueing  Frende 
THOMAS  CROMWELL, 


197.  CROMWELL  TO  DR.  SANDWICH,  OF  CANTERBURY 
COLLEGE,  OXFORD. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  412.     <July,  1537.) 

Has  appointed  him  to  preach  at  Paul's  Cross  on  the  twelfth  Sunday  after 
Trinity. 

In  my  right  hartie  mancr  I  cow/mende  me  vnto  you  And 
where  as  for  the  honest  report  of  yowr  lernyng  in  holly  \cttcres, 
and  incorrupte  Jugement  in  the  same  I  haue  appointed  yow 
emongrj  other,  to  occupie  the  Rome  of  a  preachour,  one  day 
at  Paules  crosse,  these  be  aswell  to  signefie  vnto  yow  that 
the  said  day  so  limited  for  yow  is  the  xii01  sonday  after 
Trinitie  sonday,  beyng  the  xixth  day  of  August,  as  also  to 
reqwire  you  that  ye  faile  not  to  be  there  at  the  same  day, 
preparing  in  the  meane  tyme  with  suche  pure  syncerenes, 
trewly  to  open  the  worde  of  god,  at  the  said  day  as  I  may 
therby  take  occasion,  to  thinke  the  reaport  made  of  yow  to  be 
trewe.  Wherby  ye  shall  not  only  do  a  right  good  dede,  but 
also  mynistre  vnto  me  thankefull  pleasure  which  I  shall  not 

F  a 


68  UTTERS   OF  [1537 

fayle  to  rcquytc  as  occasion  may  thcrvnto  saruc    And  thus 
fare  ye  well 

Yowr  Freend 


Add.  To  my  Louing  frcnd  Doctowr  Sandewiche  of  Canter- 
bury college  in  Oxforde. 

Endd.  Mr.  Crumwcll  cowmaunding  him  to  preache  at 
Panics  Crosse. 

198.  CROMWELL  TO  <THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  414.    Aug.  I  (1537). 

Desires  them  to  make  out  a  lease  to  old  Colcy  of  the  farm  of  Holm- 
pat  rick,  near  Dublin. 

Aftrr  my  Right  harty  Comcndac/ons  wher  as  by  the  king« 
highnes  apointcmcnt  I  dyd  hertofore  addres  my  letters  to 
the  vicetrcsorer  ther  for  the  preflferment  of  old  Coley  to  the 
Ferme  of  Holmpatryk  wherapon  as  I  vndcrstande  he  is  yet 
in  possession  of  the  same  This  schalbc  to  desire  and  pray  you 
not  only  to  make  hym  out  his  lease  therof  according  to  your 
Comission  for  Suche  purposes  but  also  in  the  doing  of  the 
same  to  vse  bothe  an  honest  diligcns  &  to  exstcnde  that 
Fauor  for  my  sake  that  you  Shall  may  Convenyently  Shew 
vnto  hym  in  the  same  wherin  you  Shall  do  vnto  me  very 
acceptable  pleasure  And  thus  fare  you  hertely  well  frome 
Sonnyng  Hill  the  Furst  day  of  August 

Yo//r  loving  frende 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 
///  the  margiti :  Coley  for  Holme  patryke 

199.  CROMWELL  TO  <THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  CaL  xii.  (ii)  457.    Aug.  6,  1537. 

They  are  to  permit  Patrick  Hawlde,  Prior  of  Holyrood  in  Limerick,  to 
enjoy  the  priory  peaceably,  as  the  King  has  allowed  it  to  remain 
undissolved. 

After  my  hertyc  comcndac/ons  Forasmuche  as  the  maio///- 
&  burgeses  of  Limeryk  haue  made  humble  sute  vnto  the 
king«  magcstye  for  the  pryory  of  holy  Roode  of  Lymryk 
aforcsaidc  that  for  soundcry  consyderac/ons  it  maye  please 
his  grace  that  the  same  shulde  Remayne  unsuppressid  but 
Contynue  still  after  the  fundacibn  therof .  his  magestye  hathe 


J537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  69 

willid  me  to  sygnyfie  vnto  youe  that  his  graciousc  plcasur 
&  cojwmaundyme;//  is  that  not  onely  the  saide  pryory  shalle 
not  be  for  this  tyme  suppressed  nor  in  no  wyse  dyssolued  but 
rather  Contynued  &  mayntayned  shalbe  according  to  the 
fundac/on  of  the  same  as  it  hathe  byn  accustomed  heretofore. 
And  that  for  the  goode  qualyties  whiche  his  grace  is  enformed 
ar  in  his  well-beloued  subiect  Patryk  Hawlde  Clerke  nowe 
prior  of  the  same  youe  shalle  see  him  quyetly  and  peasbly 
Inyoie  &  holde  the  saide  priory  and  allmaner  fruytes  profyifs 
Rente.?  emolument  and  Rights  therunto  belonging  and  in 
anj-  Wyse  apperteynyng  in  asample  forme  and  manour  as  he 
ought  to  do  &  his  predecessors  before  hym  haue  enyoied  the 
same,  shewing  vnto  him  in  all  things  your  lawfull  and 
Reasonable  favowr  the  Rather  at  my  desyre  and  Intercession 
wherin  ye  shalle  admynistre  vnto  me  Acceptable  pleaswr.  And 
this  fare  you  Right  hartily  well  from  windesor  this  vi"1  of 
August  the  xxixth  yere  of  his  Mazejties  most  prosperouse 
Reygne. 

Your  loveing  frende 

THOMAS  CROMWELL 
200.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  456.    Aug.  6  <I537>. 

Desires  them  to  consider  the  enclosed  letters,  which  James  of  Desmond 
sent  to  the  King  since  their  departure. 

To  the  Kingej  Commissioners  in  Irlandc 
For  an  order  for  the  tytle  of  therldom  of  Destmondc 

After  my  Right  harte  comendac/ons  you  Shall  vnderstande 
that  the  kingej  maieste  hathe  Sythens  your  dispeche  Receyued 
serten  letters  frome  Jamys  of  Desmonde  the  copy  wherof  you 
Shall  Haue  herin  inclosed  whiche  his  graces  pleasur  is  you 
Shall  duly  consider  And  at  your  Aryvall  in  Irlande  you  Shall 
duely  wayth  Euery  point  in  the  same  bothe  touching  the  title 
the  demeanors  of  the  trahentej  of  bothe  parties  And  the 
seruice  that  may  be  don  be  eyther  p^rtie  conducyng  the  hole 
mater  to  as  gode  Stay  as  you  Shalbe  abyll  by  your  wyesdom 
and  thervpon  aduertcs  his  grace  of  the  perfectness  of  Euery 
point  in  the  same  le//eres  and  herin  also  Expressyd  vsing 
therin  also  thadvice  of  Suche  of  the  Councell  ther  as  you  Shall 
thinke  mete.  And  thus  fare  you  hartely  well  from  Wyndesor 
the  vi  day  of  August 

Yo//r  loving  frende 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 


70  LETTERS    OF  [1537 

Copy.  James  of  Dcstmondrj  Lr//<-re  to  the  kingly  highncs 
for  his  Submyc/on  &  Reformac/*?//  of  monster. 

To  the  king^j  highnes  maiestc. 

Most  •  excellent  &  Gracious  Prince  in  the  most  humblest 
maner  that  I  can  I  Recomende  me  vnto  your  nobyll  grace 
Please  it  your  highnes  to  be  adiurtesed  how  that  I  am  as 
a  poure  sr/ouw/nt  acording  to  my  dute  of  Alegeauns  pr^fering 
my  srruice  vnto  yowr  grace  as  I  can  or  may  better  then  any 
of  my  predecessors  dyd  sythens  my  grauntfader  was  heded  at 
Drodagh  Save  only  my  fader,  whiche  was  leader  &  Forman  of 
the  klngfs  hoste  in  Irlande  and  specyally  in  Monster  in  all 
Fightrj  &  batellz  that  eiuv  were  gevyn  in  his  tyme  in  yo//r 
name  &  in  your  fathers  name  But  not  w/t^standing  I  do  take 
in  greate  marvyll  whyll  yowr  nobyll  grace  dothe  not  Re- 
membre  &  consider  in  your  hart  the  Extorcions  treason 
&  Rebelling  of  the  bastarde  called  Jamys  fitz  moryce  which 
yowr  grace  Receyuith  aftrr  that  he  &  his  fader  and  his  graunt- 
fader was  eurr  contynuall  Rebellys  agenst  the  Croune  Robbyng 
Cytes  &  borough  townes  kylling  marchauntrj  &  other  of  your 
Subiectrj  and  geve  the  lanoVj  &  possessions  w/t/i  plate  &  other 
good^j  of  the  Inglishe  men  into  the  handrj  of  Irishmen  Con- 
sidering the  same  if  it  were  your  graces  nobill  will  I  wold  Fayne 
that  you  Cause  an  inquesicj'on  to  be  don  in  all  yo//r  Cytes 
&  borough  townes  of  monster  wherby  it  might  be  knocn 
whether  is  better  or  more  worthist  to  be  worschiped  then  I  or 
whiche  of  vs  wold  Rather  complishe  your  highnes  intent  For  by 
the  help  of  God  &  yo//r  gracrj  Supportac/bn  w*t^  the  cost  of 
ccc  men  I  wold  thinke  that  yowr  nobylite  wold  take  in  greate 
marveyle  the  order  &  Rule  that  I  would  put  thorough  all 
monster  w*t//in  two  yeres  wherby  you  might  consider  what 
struatmt  I  am  In  the  name  of  God  who  so  your  grace 
&  highnes  mainteyn  &  augment  Frome  the  Towne  of  Kyll- 
mallock  the  eight  day  of  this  Instant  July 

Yo//r  nobyll  grace  is 

true  &  humble  ssruaunt 

JAMYS  OF  DESMONDE. 

201.  CROMWELL  TO  <THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  CaL  xii.  (ii)  468.    Aug.  7  (1537). 

Requests  that  Francis  Herbert  be  preferred  to  one  of  the  garrisons,  and 
that  he  may  have  the  rental  of  a  piece  of  land. 

Aftrr  my  right  harty  Comendac/on  for  asmoche  as  this 
bearer  hathe  don/  as  it  was  Reported  gode  srruice  to  the  kingrj 
ma/Vjtic  in  the  tymc  of  the  Rebel lyon  in  thoze  partycs  and 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  71 

was  therupon  Sworen  of  his  graces  Councell  thcr  And  had  also 
apointed  vnto  hym  a  Convenycnt  entretaynment.  Now  vpon 
the  dissoluc/on  of  the  army  ther  his  highnes  pleasur  is  that 
you  Shall  not  only  preffer  hym  to  one  of  the  garnysons  if  he 
wyll  accept  the  same  but  also  that  you  Shall  Lett  vnto  hym 
Some  parte  of  his  graces  landes  ther  not  before  wryten  for  as 
ben  comodyos  and  at  Such  Rent  as  he  may  haue  a  Convenyent 
Lyving  of  the  same  w/t//out  fayling  to  haue  a  Specyall  Respect 
to  the  Satysfacc/on  of  this  man  if  Reson  will  content  hym 
\w't//out  the  prejudice  of  others  before  wryten  for  And  thus 
fare  you  hartcly  well  from  wyndeso;/r  the  viith  of  August 

Yo//r  loving  frend 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 
///  the  margin :    For  fraunccs  Herbart 

202.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  472.    Aug.  8  (1537). 

Desires  them  to  inform  the  King  of  the  value  of  any  estate  that  the  bearer 
may  make  suit  for. 

After  my  right  harty  Comendaczons  albehit  I  haue  before 
wryten  vnto  you  largely  in  the  fauour  of  this  bearer  Frauncrj 
Herbcrd  yet  the  kinges  hignes  pleasur  was  I  Shold  Eftsones 
Recomend  hym  vnto  you  to  this  entent  only  that  where  he 
Shall  Espy  Any  thing  ther  wherin  he  Shall  determyne  to 
be  a  Suter  to  his  Ma*V\rte  as  prrcase  for  Some  lenger  Astate 
then  you  may  graunt  vnto  hym  you  Shall  vpon  knolege  of  his 
mynde  therin  Aduertes  his  highnes  of  the  Just  and  true  value 
of  the  same  Accordingly.  And  thus  fare  you  hartely  well 
from  Donnestablc  the  viii  of  August 

Your  loving  frendc 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 
/;/  the  margin:  for  fraunccs  Herbart. 

203.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  485.    Aug.  9  <I537>- 

Desires  them  to  tell  Desmond  that  the  King  takes  his  proposals  in  good  part. 
They  are  to  inform  themselves  about  him  and  cause  him  to  deliver 
up  James  de  la  Hyde,  Parson  Walsh  and  the  Earl  of  Kildare's  son. 
Cf.  Letter  200. 

To  the  K'mges  Comissioners  in  Irlande 

After  my  Right  harty  Comendadbns  this  Shalbe  to  Adu^rtes 
you  that  the  Kinges  Mageste  hathe  Receyued  Suche  an  other 


;.'  LETTERS  OF  [« 

Letter  fromc  Jamys  of  Dcsmonde  as  the  copy  whcrof  was  sent 
to  you  enclosed  in  my  l///rres  yJdresscd  by  pattryk  Harnwcll. 
And  forasmoche  as  by  his  wryting  thcr  aperith  not  only 
a  gret  conformyte  in  hym  but  also  an  ourrture  of  the  Reducyng 
of  hole  Monster  wtt//in  two  yers  to  a  perfect  obediens  Having 
therunto  the  Asistcns  of  300  men  for  that  tyme.  His  highnes 
dcsireth  you  to  handell  the  sayd  James  in  A  gentyll  Sorte 
declaring  that  his  ma^te  takyth  his  W/V*res  in  gode  parte  and 
to  Enter  wit/t  hym  vpon  the  points  of  the  same  that  you  may 
the  better  Fele  hym  &  his  purpose.  And  therapon  devising 
w/t//  others,  way  what  srruice  he  schall  be  abyll  to  do.  if  his 
maieste  Shold  take  Suche  an  order  bytwene  hym  &  the  young 
man  the  said  young  mannes  title  notwithstanding  whiche 
most  men  do  preffer  as  he  might  contynew  in  his  Extcnuac/on 
whiche  I  Suppose  assuredly  his  grace  wolle  do  what  Rccompens 
so  euer  he  Shall  make  to  this  man  if  the  Said  Jamys  wyll 
contynew  a  Feythfull  obedyent  corespondent  to  the  Lawcs 
ther.  Andean  therwzt^ accomplische  that  he  wrytith  touching 
Mounster  if  his  grace  Shold  beare  as  moche  w;t//  hym  for  the 
same  as  he  desireth.  And  what  you  Shall  Fynde  herin  his 
graces  pleasur  is  you  Shall  adurrtes  acordingly.  And  thus 
fare  you  hartely  well.  From  Ampthill  the  ixth  day  of  August. 
Post  Scripta  the  kingrx  ma/Vjtie  hathe  sertein  knowlege  that 
the  Same  Jamys  of  Desmond  hathe  in  his  countrc  Jamys  de 
la  Hyde  on^  called  parson  Walsche  two  most  detestable 
traytors  &  the  Sonne  of  the  late  Erie  off  Kyldarc  whiche  he 
may  delyuer  at  his  wyll.  Wherfor  his  gracys  pleasur  is  that 
at  your  Furst  conferense  w/t//  hym  and  in  your  practyse  for 
the  same  if  you  Shall  think  it  convenyent  you  Shall  declare 
that  it  is  come  to  your  knolege  that  he  hathe  in  his  countre 
the  said  prrsons  &  lyke  men  that  Semyd  of  yo//r  Selfiys  to 
Fauor  hym  &  wold  be  glad  to  hauc  hym  do  that  thing  that 
might  for  his  owne  beneffyt  be  acceptable  to  his  Ma/Vvte 
You  Shall  bothe  demande  the  said  iii  persons  and  advyse  hym 
the  best  you  Can  for  an  doubted  argument  of  his  trouthe  whiche 
in  wordfs  &  wryting  he  Scwith  to  delyucr  the  same  to  the 
depute  And  if  you  Shall  not  Induce  hym  therunto  you  Shall 
yet  assay  by  all  meanes  to  you  possible  whow  to  gett  in  to 
your  handtt  the  said  prrsons  eythcr  w/t//  his  wyll  or  agenst 
his  wyll  for  I  Ensure  you  the  kingrj  highnes  hathe  the  same 
moche  to  hart  &  woll  accept  your  srruice  to  be  don  thcrin 
most  thankfully  thus  Eftsonrj  fare  you  well 

Yo//r  loving  Frende 

THOMAS  CROMWEI  i . 
In  the  margin  :  Copy. 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  73 

204.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  486.     Aug.  9(1537). 

Desires  them  to  inquire  to  whom  the  custom  of  Carlingford  in  Louth, 
appertaining  to  the  castle  there,  belongs,  and  to  satisfy  Jerome  Lynn 
and  the  bearer,  Martin  Skrine.  Cf.  Letter  211. 

After  my  Right  harty  Comcndac/ons  where  as  this  bearer 
Martyne  Skryn  had  ons  a  byll  Assigned  by  the  late  depute 
ther  for  the  Custome  of  Carlingford  whiche  as  I  do  understonde 
dothe  aprrteyne  to  the  Castell  ther  now  in  the  keping  of 
Jcramr  lynne  And  Gevyn  vnto  hym  w/t//  all  the  comodytcs 
therof.  Lyke  as  in  case  the  said  Jerome  Lynne  Shold  haue 
the  same  by  force  of  his  patent  I  wold  be  lothe  that  he  Sholdc 
lose  hit,  so  yett  I  wold  nat  the  kingrj  magcste  Shold  not  lose 
the  beneffyt  therof  if  his  grace  hauc  not  Gevyn  hit  away  in 
forme  aforesaid.  And  therfor  I  Require  you  to  Examen  the 
mater  indyfferently  and  if  you  shall  Fynde  that  Jerome  Lynne 
ought  to  Enyoi*  hit  then  I  desire  you  hartely  bothe  in 
Recompens  of  this  mans  travayle  and  att  the  contemplac/on 
herof  to  make  hym  Som  honest  Rccompews  \\ilh  Som  other 
fcrme  to  his  contentaczon  If  hit  be  founde  that  Lynne  hauc 
no  Right  to  hyt  by  cause  hit  lyeth  nowe  most  mete  for  hym 
I  pray  you  make  hym  a  Lease  therof  for  Suche  Rent  as  this 
man  Shold  haue  paid  and  to  content  this  man  \viih  some 
other  thing  as  is  before  Specefyed  you  Shall  in  the  honest 
handclyng  of  this  mater  desrrue  my  harty  thankes  And  So 
fare  you  hartely  well  from  Ampthill  the  ixth  of  August 

Yo//r  loving  frende 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 

In  the  margin :  Copy,  an  order  for  the  custome  of 
Carlingford  for  Jeranv  lynne  at  my  lordrj  desire 

205.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  500.    Aug.  II  (1537). 
Desires  their  favour  for  the  bearer,  Edward  Beck,  in  his  suits. 

Aftrr  my  Right  Harty  Comendac/ons  for  asmoche  as 
this  bearer  Edwarde  Bek  hathe  vsed  hym  self  in  the  tyme 
of  the  late  Rebellyon  ther  and  at  all  other  tymes  lyke 
the  K'mgfs  highnes  most  true  and  faithfful  Subiect  his  ma/rjte 
hathe  comanded  me  spccyally  to  Recomend  hym  vnto  you 
And  on  his  behalf  to  desire  &  pray  you  in  all  Suche  Sutcs  as 
he  Shall  make  vnto  you  for  any  lyving  or  Comodyte  of 


74  LETTERS   OF  [1537 

Fcrmc  thcr  you  shall  Exstende  that  Fauowr  vnto  hym  that 
you  may  Whcrin  also  you  Shall  to  me  Admyncster  very 
thankefful  plcasur  And  thus  fare  you  hartely  well  fromc 
Ampthill  the  XIth  of  August 

"Your  loving  frcndc 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 
///  the  margin :  Edward  Bck  for  .... 

206.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  MAYOR,  BAILIFFS,  ALDERMEN, 
AND  BURGESSES  OF  CAMBRIDGE. 

Cooper's  Annals,  i.  389 ;  Cal.  xiL  (ii)  513.    Aug.  14  (1537)- 

Upbraids  them  for  their  ill-treatment  of  the  members  of  the  University 
at  the  late  Stourbridge  Fair.  The  King's  command  is  that  the 
University  have  the  oversight  of  the  fairs,  that  the  Vice-Chancellor 
try  all  cases  in  which  a  scholar  is  involved,  that  the  mayor  take  his 
oath  as  the  charter  requires,  and  that  the  town  observe  the  compact 
made  with  the  University. 

After  my  hcrty  comendacons,  I  am  right  sorye  that  by 
the  occasion  of  your  ungentil  dealing  with  the  universite  at 
the  last  Sturbrigge  feyre  and  continually  sithcns,  ye  have 
not  oncly  shewed  yo//r  selfs  men  rather  enclined  and  desirous 
to  bring  the  Kings  highnes'  people  together  by  the  eares,  then 
personages  of  that  sorte,  as  (leaving  apart  their  own  fantasies 
and  desires  as  reason  and  duetie  enforceth)  are  rewled  by  the 
plcaswr  and  determinacon  of  their  prince  and  soveraign  lord  : 
But  also  that  in  your  perverse  doings  ye  have  shewed  your- 
sclfs  so  unkind  towards  me,  in  your  deds  contempning  all  my 
letters  written  unto  youe  in  the  favor  of  the  said  universite, 
that  I  must  nedes  now  eat  lengthe  write  unto  you  in  an  other 
tune  and  (onlcs  ye  shall  weye  theis  my  lettres  otherwise 
then  ye  have  don  all  the  rest  before  written)  become  a  party 
agcnst  you,  with  myn  humble  sute  to  the  kings  maicstie  to 
see  you  ducly  punyshed  for  your  contemptuouse  presumption, 
in  the  violation  of  his  graces  Charters  to  the  said  universite 
heretofore  graunted. 

If  I  had  not  ben  your  freende  as  I  have  ben,  and  rather 
more  than  becam  me  than  lesse,  yet  being  (though  unworthy) 
oon  of  his  highnes  privc  conseill,  Indifferent  men  will  saye 
that  it  had  bcseamed  every  of  you  to  have  hadd  a  grete  deale 
more  respect  to  my  lettres  then  ye  have  had,  At  the  lest  in 
your  doings  not  to  have  contcmpned  them.  Whosoever  hath 
gcven  you  counseill  so  to  use  yourselfs  as  ye  have  don, 
eyther  he  wanted  witt  or  clles  he  was  your  gretc  enemy. 
Can  any  of  you  be  so  folishc  to  think  that  ye  can  in 
such  a  Royaulmc  as  this  is,  specially  wher  a  Prince  of  so 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  75 

excellent  qualities  (as  the  kings  maiestie  our  moste  dradd 
soverain  Lord  is)  governeth,  eyther  wynne  the  accomplishe- 
ment  of  your  willes  by  violence,  or  will  kepe  that  benefit  of 
liberties  that  ye  have  of  his  highnes  with  your  open  and 
apparaunt  contempt  of  suche  graunts  as  his  maiestie  hath 
made  to  others.  Doo  ye  not  thinke  that  his  highnes  can  no 
more  of  Justice  suffre  the  liberties  lawfully  graunted  to  the 
universite  to  be  taken  from  them  without  their  offence 
deserving  the  same,  then  his  grace  can  of  equite  permytt  the 
Towne  of  Barnwell  to  usurpe  upon  you  and  yowr  liberties. 
He  that  maketh  you  thus  to  stryve  agenst  the  streame  woll 
percace  not  onely  helpe  you  forward  to  the  losing  of  yo//r 
oune  comodities,  But  to  the  entre  in  to  your  soverain  Lords 
indignacon.  For  think  thus  to  yowrselfs  that  ye  cannot  by 
....  the  Universite  to  any  hyndraunce,  ye  may  doo  them 
good  in  setting  forth  their  wisedom  and  tolerance  by  your 
folye,  and  soo  hurt  yourself  with  your  oun  extremite.  But 
nowe  to  com  to  the  poincts  for  the  which  I  do  at  this  tyme 
write  unto  you,  Bicaus  there  was  like  to  have  ben  notable 
myschef  in  the  tyme  of  the  last  Sturbrigge  feyre,  If  the 
universite  had  not  geven  place  in  their  right ;  It  hath  pleased 
the  kings  maiestie  to  appointe  me  to  write  unto  you. 

Furst,  that  ye  shall  suffre  the  said  universite  to  have,  use, 
and  enjoye  quietely,  the  oversight,  view,  gagyng  and  correction 
of  victaille  and  victaillers,  of  weights  and  measures  and  of 
forstalers  and  regraters  as  well  within  the  town  of  Cambridge 
as  in  the  said  fcyre  of  Sturbrigge  whiche  they  have  both  by 
charter,  in  nowise  exacting  any  tole  of  them  against  the 
purpose  of  the  same,  wherin  alredy  ye  have  don  them  grete 
Iniury,  and  shewed  yorselfs  men  that  seek  rather  cause  of 
dissension  then  meanes  of  quiete  with  the  love  of  your  neigh- 
bours, without  whom  also,  a  veray  fewe  excepted,  all  the  rest 
of  you  would  live  full  thynnely. 

Seconde  that  all  actions  wherin  a  Scholer  is  the  oon  part 
shal  be  heard  and  decided  before  the  vicechauncellor,  as  the 
charter  in  that  pointe  purporteth,  and  as  before  tyme  hath  ben 
accustomed. 

Thyrde,  that  the  maior  shal  from  hcnsefurth  take  his 
othe  as  hath  ben  used,  and  as  the  kinges  highnes  Charter 
requireth. 

Fourth,  that  ye  shal  observe  the  composition  made  bqtwen 
you  and  the  said  Universite. 

All  which  poincts  his  Maiesties  pleasure  is  ye  shal  observe, 
fulfill,  and  accomplish  tyll  further  direction  shal  be  taken 
bitwen  you  by  his  highnes  and  his  counsell  for  the  certain 
and  perfite  redresse  of  all  maters  wherwith  every  partie  thinketh 


76  UTTERS  OF  [1537 

it  self  aggrevcd,  And  if  yc  shal  directclyor  ir.dircctcly  attempt 
any  thing  to  the  contrary,  wherby  any  inconvenience  shuld 
arryse  to  the  intcrrupcon  of  the  peace,  the  just  prcservacon 
whcrof  his  Maicstic  tcndcreth  for  the  better  quiet  of  his  sub- 
icctts,  Think  assuredly  that  ye  woll  repent  it,  For  this  is 
sufficient  warnyng  to  you  to  avoyde  the  occasion  of  the  same. 
Finally,  if  ye  shal  use  yourselfs  from  hcnsefurth  as  bcsemeth 
men  of  wisedom  and  honestie,  I  shall  cotynue  your  Freende. 
Otherwise  I  must  and  will  (as  is  aforesaid)  be  a  party  agcnst 
you  for  the  obteyning  of  Justice.  And  therto  you  may  trust 
accordingly.  Thus  fare  you  hcrtily  well  From  Grafton  the 
xiiij1*1  of  August. 

Yowr  lovyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  loving  Freends  the  maier,  bailiffs,  Aldermen, 
and  Burgeses  of  the  Town  of  Cambrige. 

207.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  575.    Aug.  25,  1537. 

The  King  desires  that  Richard  Aylmer  be  admitted  to  be  his  chief  Serjeant 
in  Kildare  County,  and  that  he  be  given  a  reasonable  fee. 

I  Comende  me  hartely  vnto  you.  And  where  as  vnto  the 
Request  and  intercession  hertofore  made  vnto  me  by  thes 
letters  of  the  kingrj  lordc  depute  &  Counsell  of  that  his 
gracss  landc  of  Irlande  in  the  Fauor  &  comendac/on  of 
Richarde  Aylmer  &  of  his  gode  qualytcs  desiring  me  to  be 
meane  to  the  kingrj  highnes  that  his  mageste  wold  Alow  & 
ordegne  hym  his  graces  cheff  Sergemint  in  the  countie  of 
Kyldare  I  haue  moved  &  humbly  besought  his  mageste  for 
the  same  his  highnes  therupon  hathe  wylled  me  to  Signeffy 
vnto  you  that  Fynding  the  said  Richard  Aylmer  of  Suche 
gude  qualytes  and  disposic/bn  you  Shall  not  only  Admytt 
hym  to  be  his  graces  cheff  Sergeaunt  in  that  countye  of 
Kyldare  but  also  w/'t//  advycc  of  the  said  lorde  depute  & 
counscyle  for  the  said  offyce  of  Sergeant  to  be  by  hym 
enyoidd  duryng  terme  of  his  lyff  you  Shall  apoint  vnto  hym 
a  competent  &  a  Resonable  Fee  yerly  as  by  youer  Advyces 
&  assent  of  all  to  geder  Shalbc  thought  expedient  &  ncccsary 
&  thuz  fare  you  well  from  Wyndesowr  the  xxvth  day  of 
August  the  xxix  yerc  of  his  highnes  most  prosperos  &  nobyll 
Rcigne. 

In  //if  margin:  Copy  for  the  king™  grmmt  tobe  made 
to  Ric.  Aylmer  for  the  chef  Scrgeuntship  of  Kyldare  wit// 
a  fee. 


J537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  77 

208.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  591.     Aug.  28  (1537)- 

Requests  them  not  to  take  further  steps  in  the  disposition  of  lands  and 
castles,  until  the  Lord  Butler  comes  over  with  instructions  from  the 
King. 

After  my  harty  Comendac/ons  I  adu^rtes  you  that  foras- 
mochc  as  the  lorde  Buttler  Shall  Resorte  thider  Shortly  and 
declare  vnto  you  the  kingrj  graces  mynde  &  intenc/on  touch- 
ing the  disposiobn  of  Suche  castells  and  fortresses  as  he 
hathe  in  his  Hand^y  his  mantes  pleasur  and  Comandement 
is  that  ye  Shall  Surcesse  all  maner  procedingrj  to  the  dis- 
posic/bn  of  the  same  vntyll  his  comyng  then  Shall  I  Geve 
you  ample  knolege  of  his  highnes  purpose  to  be  by  you 
Foloyd  accordingly.  And  thus  fere  you  hartely  well  from 
wyndesow  the  xxviii  of  August 

Your  loving  frende 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 

In  the  margin :  Copy  to  stay  our  preceding^  of  all 
things  in  the  lorde  butler  possessions  tyll  his  comyng 

209.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  660.    Sept.  7  (1537). 

Thanks  him  for  his  letters,  and  kindness  shown  to  Master  Leigh. 
Desires  that  all  possible  favours  be  shown  to  Wingfield. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendaabns  to  yo//r  lordshippe 
I  thanke  you  for  your  gentle  L^//rres  and  spraally  for  your 
conformytie  declared  in  the  same  touching  the  receyving  again 
of  the  dromme  whom  I  haue  soo  often  recommended  vnto  you. 
Requiring  yo;/r  lordship  to  accomplishe  effectually  the  pur- 
pose of  my  desire  in  that  behaulf.  I  thanke  yo;/r  lordship 
also  for  yo//r  greate  gentlenes  for  my  sake  extended  to  my 
Freende  Maister  Leighe  and  seing  that  Maister  Marshall  is 
soo  honestly  mynded  towards  him  for  my  sake,  I  require  you 
to  forget  all  vnkindnes  Betwene  the  said  Marshall  and  you, 
that  Joyning  togither  in  oonr  prrfite  vnytie  you  may  be  the 
more  hable  to  doo  vnto  the  Kingrj  Ma/V^te  that  seruice  that 
apperteynethe.  I  haue  at  lenght  harde  (from)  s;>  Thomas 
palmer,  and  touching  the  matier  of  Maister  Wingfeld  wherin 
I  wrote  vnto  you  I  require  you  considering  his  auncientye 
and  good  seruice  doom?  hertofor  as  he  may  haue  all  that 
fauour  that  he  canne  desire  w/t//out  offence  to  the  strenght 


LETTERS  OF  [1537 

of  the  towne  or  to  greate  an  anwoyancc  to  the  poorc  men. 
Bothc  whiche  pointes  as  I  doo  cuer  prrferrc,  soo  I  trust  yo//r 
wisedom  woll  worke  in  suche  a  meane  betwene  oonr  and 
thother  as  neither  haue  their  wilkr  and  yet  bothe  may  be 
satisfied  vfit/t  an  honest  payment  of  that  whiche  may  wel  be 
had,  and  a  convenient  mitigac/on  in  that  whiche  without  to 
greate  dawmage  to  the  poorc  could  not  be  susteyned.  And 
thus  most  hartely  Fare  you  wel  From  Mortlakc  the  viith  of 
September 

Yo//r  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  verey  good  lord  the  vicount  lysle  the  kingrj 
deputie  of  the  Toune  of  Calaice  and  the  marches  of  the 
same 

Endd.  My  lorde  pr/vie  Seallis 

210.  CROMWELL  TO  DR.  DINGLEY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  App.  41.    Sept.  23  (1537). 
Orders  him  to  appear  at  once  before  Cromwell  and  the  Council. 

In  myn  harty  maner  I  cowmende  me  vnto  you  Lating  you 
wit  the  kingrj  pleasure  and  cow/maundement  is  that  all 
excuses  and  delayes  set  aparte  you  shall  personally  appcrc 
befor  me  and  others  of  his  highnes  counsail  attendant  vppon 
his  p^rsonne  w/t//  all  convenient  diligence  vppon  the  receipt 
of  this  my  L*7/rre,  w/t//out  failing  as  you  tender  his  gracr* 
pleaswr  And  thus  Fare  you  well  From  Stepney  the  xxiiilb  of 
September. 

Yo//r  Freend  THOMAS  CRUMWI  1 1.. 

Add.  To  my  loving  Frend  Doctour  Dingley 

Endd.  S.  xxiii.  The  lord  pr/vey  scale  To  Docto//r  Dingley 

211.  CROMWELL  TO  <THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.Cal.  xii.  (ii)  734-    Sept.  23  <I537>- 

In  favour  of  Jerome  Lynn,  in  case  he  make  suit  for  any  farm  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Carlingford  Castle  in  Louth.     Cf.  Letter  304. 

I  comracnde  me  hertyly  vnto  you  lykewisc  desyring  and 
praying  youe  that  in  case  my  loving  srrummt  Hieronym  Lyn 
who  is  assigned  to  the  Custodye  and  kepeing  of  the  Castell  of 
Carlingford  in  that  the  kingss  Lande  of  Irlande  shalle  thinkc 
and  sue  at  yo//r  handc  for  any  ferme  or  other  thing  nerc 
aboutc  the  same  Castell  mete  and  Cowmodyouse  for  him  or 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  79 

his  Retynue  of  the  same l  you  wylle  for  my  sake  paying  and 
yieldeing  suche  Reasonable  yerely  Rent  to  the  k'mges  highnes 
for  the  same  as  any  other  man  wolde  gyve  and  graunte  vnto 
him  your  reasonable  and  Lawfull  favors  but  also  in  all  his 
other  reasonable  poursutes  and  Requystej  Asswell  bicause 
I  thinke  he  is  mete  &  apte  to  doo  his  Magestie  goode  and 
true  seruice  in  those  partyes  as  also  bycause  he  is  my 
srrudiint  whose  honeste  (and)  avauncement  I  tendre  affec- 
tuouslye  And  doughte  youe  not  but  I  shall  remembre  your  so 
doyng  and  take  it  thankefully.  This  fare  youe  well  From 
Murtlake  this  xxiiith  of  Septembre. 

Yo//r  loueing  Frende 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 

212.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  735.    Sept.  23  (1537). 

Desires  them  to  give  a  suitable  farm  to  the  bearer,  James  Sherlock,  whom 
the  King  has  appointed  his  Receiver  in  the  County  of  Wexford. 

In  my  Right  hartye  maner  I  co;;/mende  me  vnto  and 
Right  so  desyre  youe  to  be  goode  &  fauorable  vnto  my 
semaunt  James  Sherlok  this  berer  whom  I  Esteme  to  be 
of  honest  fac/on  and  dysposiabn,  And  forasmuche  as  the 
kingrj  highnes  at  my  contemplac/bn  is  contented  to  make 
him  his  graces  Receyvo«r  in  the  Countye  of  Wexford.  And 
that  it  shalbe  therfor  the  more  necessarye  for  him  to  haue 
some  conuenyent  ferme  ther  mete  for  him,  at  suche  tymes  as 
he  shalle  make  his  abode  ther  for  his  graces  Recepte  I  shall e 
therfor  moste  hartyly  desyre  youe  to  prefer  him  to  some 
convenyent  ferme  wzt//in  the  sajdc  countye  wherby  ye  shalle 
admynistre  vnto  me  right  thankefull  pleasowr.  And  this 
hartyly  fare  you  well  From  Stepney  the  xxiiith  of  September. 

Your  loveing  Frynde 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 

213.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  207 ;   Cal.  xii.  (ii)  743.    Sept.  24  (1537). 

In  favour  of  John  Birmingham  of  Ireland,  who  has  been  robbed  of  his 
ship  and  goods  by  certain  Spaniards. 

After  my  moste  hartie  cowmendac/ons.  Where  as  oon 
John  brymedgham  oon  of  the  Kingrj  subiectr^  of  Irlande  was 

1  c.  c.  as  any  other  man  wolde 


80  LKTTKRS   OF  [1537 

robbed  of  Late  vpon  the  see  of  his  shipp  and  also  goodr*  by 
certain  espaynyardrj,  For  the  restytucibn  wherof  vpon  com- 
playnt  made  to  the  kingis  highnes  .  Thempm>urs  Ambas- 
sadours  here  hath  ernestly  written  to  the  Justice  of  that 
cuntrcy.  Leaste  the  same  doo  not  take  effecte  there  accord- 
ing to  the  due  order  of  Justice  and  the  said  partic  may 
fortune  to  be  driven  to  seke  further  for  remedie  in  that 
parties,  this  shalbe  hartly  to  deasire  you  in  that  case  Soo  to 
purpose  his  cause  and  matier  there  wit//  the  empmwrs  Coun- 
saile,  as  the  said  brymedgham  may  haue  Justice  administrcd 
vnto  him  in  the  p/rmisses  accordingly.  And  further  to  doo 
therin,  as  my  lorde  Butler  hath  more  at  Large  declared  in  his 
L7/rres  to  you  at  this  tyme,  who  as  fully  instructed  in  that 
matier  hath  at  leynght  written  vnto  you  for  the  same  .  vnto 
whome  I  pray  you  to  give  ferme  and  vndoubtid  credence. 
And  thus  hartly  fare  ye  well.  From  Stepenhith  the  xxiiijth 
day  of  Septembre. 

Yo//r  louyng  Frecnd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  and  assured  Frecnd  sir  Thomas 
Wyot  knight  the  kingrj  maicste  of  Englandrj  ambassadowr 
In  Thempmv/rs  Court 

Endd.  My  lord  pr/vi  scle,  of  septewhxr  .  delivered  long 
afftrr  at  barsolona  for  the  Irysheman. 

2H.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  763.     Sept.  28  (1537). 

Minute  instructions  concerning  the  discharge  of  their  duties  in  Ireland, 
especially  in  the  disposition  of  property  and  lands. 

In  my  Right  lovcing  manrr  I  cowmende  me  vnto  your 
goodc  lordshipes  And  Tyke  as  I  haue  heretofore  writcn  vnto 
you  the  kingfj  Commission/vs  to  Surceasse  in  dysposing  of 
any  of  the  holdes  or  \andcs  that  nowe  Resteith  in  the  lordc 
Butlers  Custody  till  his  owne  Repayre  thider  Soo  shallc 
1  desyre  youe  that  for  the  fassaghc  bentre  whiche  Mr.  Richard 
Butler  brother  to  the  saidc  lorde  Butler  hathe  by  demise  of 
the  kingss  vndertresorer  ther  ye  make  therof  and  of  the  newe 
Bawon  and  the  dyppes  aleasc  to  the  saide  Mr.  Ry chard 
making Convenyent  Annucll  Res*vuacion  to  the  kingrj  highnes, 
and  the  rather  ye  dyspose  the  same  accordingly  for  that 
the  saide  Richard  Butler  gardid  &  kept  the  same  all  the 
Rebellion  tymc  there.  And  where  as  I  am  Enformed  that 
one  Piers  Freignc  cowmenccid  an  assise  againstc  oonc 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  81 

Richard  Wesslcy  for  Certen  landes  in  the  Countye  of  Kyldare 
whiche  longtyme  hathe  dep>endeid  and  for  lack  of  indyfferent 
Tryall  it  wolde  be  harde  to  passe  in  the  saide  countye.  I  de- 
syre  you  therfor  that  ye  call  the  parties  before  youe  and  duely 
to  Examyn  ther  Tytlles  and  to  do  therupon  that  to  Justice  and 
Equytie  shalle  appertayne  w/t^oute  longer  delaye.  Tharche- 
bysshop  of  Casshell  compleyneth  also  that  where  as  byforce 
of  a  decre  signed  by  youe  my  lorde  deputie  and  agreid  by  all 
the  Icings  hoole  Counsaille  there  he  peaceably  enyoied  the 
possession  of  the  parsonage  of  Clomell  that  the  vycar  of  the 
same  dysturbeith  him  therin  by  indyrect  meanes.  I  Adu^rtyse 
youe  that  I  am  remembred  that  the  saide  vycar  made  long 
Sute  to  me  to  be  restored  to  the  possession  therof,  and  being 
enformed  of  the  saide  decre  I  thoughte  it  most  expedyent  to 
Remyt  thordering  therof  to  my  saide  Lorde  Deputye  and  the 
kingrj  saide  counsaill  whiche  notw/thstandeing  as  the  saide 
Archebysshop  affermeith  by  some  Indyrect  Co wmaundyment 
attayned  by  the  saide  vycar  dysturbeith  him  newly  therin 
\vz't//oute  any  manrr  examynaobn  of  ther  Titlles.  Wherfor 
the  kingrj  pleaso«r  is  that  accordeing  to  that  decre  the  saide 
Archebysshop  contynue  peasbly  his  saide  possession  vnto 
suche  tyme  as  vppon  Sufficient  tittle  if  ther  shalle  happen 
any  such  to  be  shewid  and  admytteid,  he  by  lawfull  meanes 
be  excluded  from  the  same.  And  where  as  one  NichWas 
Power  being  attacheid  in  Dublyn  dyd  Submyt  him  by  deade 
indenteid  Obligatorye  to  p^rforme  thordre  of  the  Bysshop  of 
Watrrforde  Mr  Wise,  Jamys  White  recorder  of  Watrrforde 
and  of  Waltyer  Cowley  in  all  stryffes  &  demaundes  dependeing 
betwene  him  and  the  lady  Katryn  Butler  Wydowe  and  piers 
power  her  Sonne,  I  am  credeably  Informed  that  they  made  an 
Ordre  and  awardeid  Certen  somes  to  the  saide  Lady  Katherin 
and  piers.  Wherfor  I  desyre  youe  that  examyning  the  same 
if  the  saide  NidWas  haue  not  sufficient  goodes  to  Satisfye  the 
somes  awardeid  that  then  {you)  Extente  or  cause  to  Extentid 
ccrten  convenient  p^rcelles  of  the  saide  NiclWas  landes,  the 
parties  being  conformable  therunto  or  otherwyse  to  do  that  to 
Justyce  shalle  appertayne  for  the  levying  of  the  saide  somes, 
and  therather  that  ye  Extende  your  gude  and  Lawfull  favors 
to  the  saide  Lady  Kateryn  for  that  her  husbond  was  slayne  in 
the  kinges  sluice  by  his  Iryshe  dysobeysmmter,  and  that  her 
Sonne  is  also  in  warde  wyth  the  king.  And  ferthermore 
where  as  the  Erlle  of  Ossery  contynued  the  possession  of  the 
prysewynes  of  Kynsale  I  am  Lykewise  enformed  that  he  hathe 
been  dysturbed  therin  Lately  contrary  to  theflfect  of  the  kingw 
magestie  L^/fcres  heretofore  for  that  pwrpose  dyrecteid. 
Wherfor  the  kingrj  pleaswr  is  that  he  shalle  enyoie  and  Con- 

MERRIMAN.     II  G 


82  LETTERS  OF  [153? 

tynuc  in  his  saide  possfssion  vnto  suchetyme  as  vppon  goode 
and  Sufficient  Tytlle  if  ther  shalbc  any  suchc  exhibyted  and 
Admytteid  he  by  Lawful  1  meanes  be  put  and  excludeid  from 
the  same.  VVriten  at  Stepney  the  xxviii*  daye  of  Scptembre. 

Yowr  loueing  Frinde 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 


215.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  < IRISH)  COMMISSIONERS. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  19,865,  f.  6b;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  782.    Sept.  30  (1537). 

Desires  them  suitably  to  reward  Edmund  Sexton  for  keeping  the  castle 
of  Deriknockanc,  beside  Limerick. 

The  coppy  of  the  Lor*/  Privie  Seal's  \etters  to  the  King's 
Comissioners. 

After  my  right  harty  manner  I  comende  me  unto  you. 
And  forasmuch  as  the  king's  servant  Edmonde  Sexten  had 
the  custody  &  keepinge  of  the  Castell  of  Deriknockane  be- 
seeds  Limrricke  by  apointme«t  of  the  Lord  Deputy  &  as  yet 
is  not  allowed  for  the  costs  &  charges  he  hath  ben  at  by 
reaso/i  of  the  keepinge  of  the  same.  Therfor  the  king's  plea- 
sure is  yee  shall  see  him  allowed  for  all  his  reasonable  charges 
and  that  by  your  means  he  be  discharged  therof  or  otherwise 
put  in  security  of  payment  for  the  keepinge  of  the  same  soe 
as  he  be  noe  looser  therebe,  desiring  you  to  extend  your  law- 
full  favors  unto  him  therm  &  in  all  other  his  reasonable  suits, 
the  rather  at  the  contcmplacio;/  of  these  my  letters  wherbe  yee 
shall  minister  unto  me  right  acceptable  pleasure  as  knowcth 
God  whoe  preserve  you.  fro/«  Mortlake  the  last  day  of 
September. 


216.  (CROMWELL)  TO  MICHAEL  THROG< MORTON). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  619.    Sept.  (1537). 

Informs  him  that  the  King  has  consented  to  send  Dr.  Wilson  to  confer 
with  Pole,  in  case  he  is  assured  that  Pole  will  wait  for  him  at 
Maestri  cht. 

[In  my  har]tie  mancr  I  cimmend  me  vnto  youe  And 
[whereas  I  haue  relceyued  your  \etttrca  of  the  xxth  of  August 
[djcclaringat  lengnt  the  causes  that  moeved  youe  [so]  long  to 
dcmore  and  continue  in  [those]  parties  [with  sun]dry  other 
things  in  the  same  expressed]  ....  your  \ettcrcs  I  receyued 
also  a  \ette\re] the  Kingts  Maiesties  Ambas[sador]  in 


THOMAS   CROMWELL  83 

Flaunders  conteyninge  amonges  other  things  certayn  credence 
committed  to  a  friowr  whiche  the  same  frier  declared  vnto  him, 
growing  in  effect  to  this  point,  that  if  his  maiestie  wold  put 
a  stey  to  suche  ....  as  ye  write  the  Bisshop  of  Rome  and  [his 
accowjplisses  be  mynded  to  put  furth  agaynst  his  highnes, 
there  were  not  so  mete  an  Instrument  for  the  purpose  as 
doctowr  Wylson.  For  aunswer  wherunto  ye  shall  vnd<?rstand 
that  taking  youe  yet  for  a  man  that  wold  all  were  well,  and 
conduced  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  Maitstie,  I  haue  opened 
the  hole  discowrs  of  all  the  saide  \etterzs  to  his  highnes  And 
travailed  not  only  to  continue  [the  go]od  opinion  that  his 

grace  hath  conceyved  of But  also  that  his  grace  shuld 

condescende  to  the  sending  of  [Doctowr  Wyjlson  vnto  your 
Masfer,  freendely  and  frankely  to  [com]mune  vrttA  him  for 
his  reconsiliaczbn.  And  albeit  [the  Icings]  Maiestie  estemyth 
al  that  the  Bisshop  of  [Romes]  malice  canne  doo  \\i\Jt  his 
craftie  meanes  as  [less]  then  nothing,  not  douting  but  vftt/t 

the  [help]  of  god,  in  whom  his  hieghnes  hath  reposed 

his  princely  puissance  and  great  wysedom all  tymes  be 

hable  to  put  him  and  all  his  that  will  in  any  wise  shewe  their 

malice grace  to  rebuke  and  displeasswr  .  yet  suche 

Inclination  I  fynd  in  his  Maiestie  that  to  sav he  hath 

from  his  Cradel  norrished  [and]  brough[t  up  in]  Lernyng  and 

whose  famyly  be d  an[d] vndr  fote  his 

goodnes  hath  aga[in] their  honour  and  pos- 
sessions. In  cace  his  Hi[ghnes] assured  that  he  woll 

tarye  at  Mas[tricht]  tyll  ....  may  Repaire  thider  to  entreate 
all  maters  at  length  [with]  hym  His  Maieste  woll  send  the 
said  Mr.  Wilson  w/t//  dilig^wce  for  that  purpose.  Whiche 
your  Master  woll  not  re[fuse]  to  do  If  he  reteyn  that  mynd 

that owne  word^  he  hath  in  hym.     Surely 

soever  he  hath  forced  his  Maieste  to  declare  agenst  [him  his] 
highnes  wold  more  esteme  the  reconciliacion  of  hy[m  that] 
he  knoweth  to  be  made  an  Instrument  to  his  owne  con  [fusion 
in]  the  ende  if  he  persist  in  it  then  he  passeth  of  all  [that  the] 
bishop  of  Romes  malice  can  work  agenst  his  gracfe ].  Wher- 
fore  if  he  woll  in  any  parte  answer  to  his  hi[ghnes]  clemencye 
and  affection  towards  hym  let  h[im]  ........  write  the  cer- 

taynte  for  his  demore  be as  he  may  rather  redubbe 

partely  the any  further  Irritate  his  grace  by  any 

or  sentences  to  be  in  his  \etttres  expressed 

see  the  \etteves  conveyed  hither  and  m the  meane 

season  tyll  answer  com<? And  thus  Fare  ye  woll. 

From  M[ortlake] of  Septewbre  at  night 

Add.  To  michel  Throg[merton] 


84  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

217.  CROMWELL  TO  DR.  WILSON  AND  DR.  HEATH. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  620.    (Sept.  1537.) 

Instructions  for  their  conference  with  Pole.  They  are  to  urge  him  to 
come  back  and  become  reconciled  to  the  King,  who  has  borne  so 
patiently  with  his  madness. 

A  Rememberaunce  to  Mr.  Doctowr  Wilson  and  Mr.  Hethe 
Chaplayns  to  the  King^j  Maiestie  for  the  better  Dircctyon 
of  themselffj  in  theyr  voyage  in  to  Flaunders  and  thad- 
vauncement  of  the  purpose  of  their  Jorneye  thither 

First  whereas  Michael  Throgmerton  serim/mt  to  Reynold 
whiche  Pole  against  his  dieutie  of  alleageaunce  and  in  the  playn 
open  and  manyfest  contempt  of  the  King«  Maiestye  his 
natural  and  most  benigne  Soucreigne  lorde  that  of  his  mere 
goodnes  from  his  mothers  pappe  nurished  him  not  w/tAout 
hys  great  expense  and  charge  in  vertuous  discipline  and 
good  l*7/rres,  hathe  lately  gevin  himself  into  thanoVj  of  his 
Hieghnes  mortal  and  sworn  enemye  the  bisshopp  of  Rome 
and  taken  vppon  him  the  most  miserably  and  ingrately  that 
hathe  been  seen  or  harde  of  to  become  bothe  a  Sicophanta  in 
Writing  and  a  most  Vnkynde  deuiser  and  Worker  of  things 
most  detestable  and  traytorous  against  hys  sayd  Souereigne 
lorde  that  hathe  doon*  so  muche  for  him  and  beside  erected 
the  famile  Whereof  he  ys  come  being  depressed  and  worthely 
for  their  treasons  heretofore  against  their  princes  and  cuntrcys 
cowmytted  overwhelmed  and  cast  downe  and  of  lesse  thenne 
nothing  hathe  gevin  them  investiture  of  honowr  and  ViitA  the 
same  possessyons  accordingly  .  Dyd  of  late  -witA  a  pretence 
of  a  certain  loyaltye  towards  the  king«  Hieghnes  Wryte 
vnto  me  the  lorde  pryve  Seal  Hys  1/7/rres  from  liege  Bering 
date  the  XXth  of  August  last  passed  in  the  which  among*-.* 
other  things  that  the  same  Throgmerton  dyd  setfurthe  con- 
cernyng  the  purposes  of  the  bisshopp  of  Rome,  He  dyd  also 
inscrte  that  the  sayd  Maister  Wilson  shuld  in  his  opinion  be 
a  meate  instrument  to  steye  the  sayd  Pole  Whom  it  appereth 
the  sayd  Throgmerton  taketh  to  be  of  no  suche  Judgement  as 
myght  not  wel  be  steyed  in  his  folye  by  men  of  right  meane 
lernyng  and  grauitie  were  yt  not  that  his  folishc  wilfull  Wyll 
being  glory ous  in  itself  and  thereby  gladde  to  ioyne  to  yt  suche 
as  woll  Flatter  him  in  his  fantazyes  to  his  owne  distruccfcm  if 
he  repent  not  shortely  must  for  His  Recouereye  if  there  be 
any  recouereye  in  him  haue  suche  personnes  to  settfurth  his 
sayd  folye  afore  his  face,  as  he  may  be  no  lesse  vnhable  to 
defende  the  same  by  any  coolowr  of  lernyng  against  them 


'537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  85 

thenne  ashamed  if  he  be  not  more  thenne  past  shame  to  send1 
in  argument  against  men  of  suche  lernyng  and  grauitie  as  the 
sayd  Wilson  and  Hethe  be,  having  co/;/w/w//icated  theffect  of 
the  sayd  Thrognvrtons  W#res  to  the  kingrj  sayd  Maiestie 
and  therew/t/*  made  most  humble  sute  vnto  his  hieghnes  to 
graunte  licence  vnto  the  sayd  maister  Wilson  to  repayre  to 
the  sayd  pole  being  here  at  hande  in  the  confynes  of  Flaun- 
ders,  I  founde  a  gratyous  inclynaczon  in  him  to  condescende 
to  my  desyer  which  as  I  folowed  vrt'tA  humble  petyc/on 
Soo  the  same  brought  me  furthe  the  p^rfyt  accomplishment 
of  my  sute,  suche  was  the  greate  clemencye  of  his  Maiestye 
that  he  could  not  but  shewe  himself  willing  to  haue  recouered 
that  he  hath  himself  made  sumwhat  of  nothing,  whenne  he 
seeth  it  in  suche  Jeopardye  of  vtter  distruccion.  Howe  muche 
yvel  soeuer  yt  hathe  deserued  of  hym  for  the  greate  benefytrj 
it  receyved,  soo  as  fynally  his  grace  licenced  me  not  onely  to 
sende  the  sayd  Wilson  and  Hethe  to  the  sayd  Pole,  but  also 
to  instruct  them  for  the  better  acchievement  of  that  purpos 
wzt^  suche  aduise  of  some  others  of  his  hieghnes  Counsail  as 
were  thought  mete  for  their  lernyng^j  and  Judgements  to 
consult  vppon  the  same  Whereuppon  ioynyng  to  me  the 
Reuerende  fathers  in  god  the  Bisshopps  of  Duresme  and 
london  men  of  no  lesse  estimatyon  for  their  vertues  thenne  for 
their  excellent  lernyng^r,  Lyke  as  they  have  bothe  in  the  de- 
claratyon  of  their  Sentence  in  the  points  of  lernyng  to  the 
sayd  Wilson  and  Hethe  and  in  their  k//rres  thereup[on]  con- 
veyed and  directed  to  the  sayd  Pole  sufficiently  doon^  their 
paries  and  aswel  for  their  thinstructyon  and  for  the  full  recon- 
siliatyon  of  the  sayd  Pole  if  he  woll  well  prrpende  and  waye 
their  wryting  and  confowrme  himself  to  ensue  and  folowe  the 
same.  So  for  the  rest  yt  pleased  his  Maiestye  to  appoynt  me 
to  instruct  the  sayd  Mr.  Wilson  and  Mr.  Hethe  in  matur  and 
Fowrme  folowing. 

First  that  addressing  themselfcj  in  Jorneye  towards  the 
place  where  the  sayde  Pole  dothe  lye  which  ys  at  they 

shall  (take)  wtt/t  them  this  Remewberaunce  w/tA  the  kV/rres 
wrytten  from  the  sayd  Bysshopps,  a  srrmon  lately  made  by 
the  bisshopp  of  Yorke,  an  oratyon  settfurth  by  the  bisshopp 
of  Winchestre,  a  booke  of  certain  thinges  lately  determyned 
here  by  the  hole  clergy  And  at  their  arryvall  there 

they  shall  playnely  and  in  a  Franke  sorte  declare  vnto  the 
sayd  Pole  his  miserable  state  and  condytyon,  and  (on)  thother 
syde  the  greate  clemencye  and  benignyte  that  is  in  the  Prince 
which  hathe  suffered  them  for  his  reconsiliatyon  to  reasorte 

1  riCjor  stand 


Sfi  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

vnto  hym  w/th  the  grcate  app/ww/ncc  they  haue  that  his 
Maw-jte  woll  yet  take  him  to  mercye  and  besidrr  put  him  in 
the  state  of  an  honest  man  if  he  woll  return  home  from  his 
Folye  knowleage  his  faulte  and  desyer  forgyvenes  for  yt, 
aduising  him  as  moche  as  they  maye  to  waye  and  consyder 
in  what  state  he  standeth  What  grace  he  may  nowe  fynd  if 
he  woll  conforme  himself  to  yt,  and  what  thcnde  ys  lyke  to  be 
yf  he  prrsyst  in  his  madnes.  In  the  declaratyon  of  which 
p^rtes  and  the  reasonyng  of  the  poyntes  of  lernyng  which 
they  shall  alledge  for  his  conuersyon  they  shall  in  no  wise 
call  hym  by  any  other  name  thenne  by  the  tytle  of  Mr.  Pole 
ne  in  their  gesture  gyve  hym  any  pr^emynence  but  they  shall 
Fatyon  bothe  their  woord«  and  gesture  of  suche  sorte  as  he 
may  pmreyve  that  they  haue  him  in  the  lesse  estimatyon  for 
his  vayn  tytle  and  vnauised  priced inges  to  the  same,  and 
if  they  shall  prrceyve  him  repentaunt  for  his  Folishe  madnes 
and  gladde  to  seke  for  Remyssyon  of  the  same  they  shall 
thenne  aduise  him  for  a  testymony  thereof  bothe  to  submyt 
himself  to  the  kingrj  Ma;>Jte  by  his  l*7/rres  and  to  send  vnto 
the  same  contynently  the  mynute  of  his  Frantique  booke 
putting  himself  also  in  order  to  repayr  hether  witA  diligence  in 
his  prrsonne  to  make  lyke  submyssyon  as  shalbe  first  signifyed 
in  his  W/rres  and  if  he  shall  put  any  daunger  in  his  cuwmyng 
hither  w/t//out  a  Further  assuraunce  the  said  Mr.  Wilson  and 
Mr.  Hethe  shall  in  that  case  adurrtise  me  wtA  diligence  what 
he  shall  therein  desyer.  And  I  shalbe  an  humble  suter  to  the 
king«  Ma&.rte  to  declare  his  Clemency  in  suche  wise  towards 
him  as  he  shall  not  neade  I  trust  to  Feare  any  thing  in  that 
behalf. 

Endd.  Mr.  Wilson  rcmewbrawce  for  Pole. 


218.  (CROMWELL)  TO  MICHAEL  (THROGMORTON). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  795.    (Sept.  1537.) 

A  scathing  rebuke  to  Throgmorton  for  his  loyalty  to  Pole.  Expatiates  on 
Pole's  ingratitude  and  folly,  and  threatens  both  him  and  his  servant 
with  punishment  by  death,  unless  they  return  and  submit  to  the  King. 

I  thowght  that  the  singular  goodnes  of  the  kingfs  hieghnes 
shewed  vnto  youe,  and  the  great  and  singuler  clemencie 
shcwid  to  that  detestable  trayto;/r  yowr  maistcr,  in  promysing 
hym  not  onely  forgeuenes,  but  also  forgettings  of  his  most 
shamefull  ingratitude,  vnnaturalnes,  conspiracic  against  his 
honowr,  of  whome  he  hathr  receyued  no  more,  but  evyn 
asmuche  and  all  that  he  hathr,  I  thowght  I  saye,  that  either 


J537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  87 

this  princely  goodnes,  myght  haue  brought  that  desperat 
rebell  from  his  so  stourdy  malice,  blyndnes  and  p^rvicacie, 
orell^r  haue  encouraged  youe  to  be  his  hieghnes  true  and 
feithfull  subiect.  But  I  now  remember  my  self  to  late.  I  myght 
better  haue  Judged,  that  so  dishonest  a  maister,  cowlde  haue 
but  evyn  suche  seruantrj  as  youe  ar.  No,  no,  Loyaltie  and 
treason  dwell  seldome  togethers.  There  can  no  feithfull 
subiect  so  long  abide  the  sight  of  so  haynous  a  traytowr  to 
his  prince.  Yow  cowld  not  all  this  season  haue  byn  a  spie  for 
the  king,  but  at  some  tyme  your  cowntenance  shuld  haue 
declared  yo//r  harte  to  be  loyall  towards  your  prince,  and 
vtterly  bent  against  his  trayterous  dealings.  No  youe  and 
your  maister  haue  bothe  well  declared  how  letle  feare  of  god 
restithe  in  youe,  which  ledd  by  vayne  promyse  of  promocyon, 
thus  against  his  lawes,  worke  treason  toward*?  your  naturell 
prynce  and  contrey,  to  serue  an  enymye  of  god,  an  enemye 
of  all  honestie,  an  enemye  of  right  religion,  a  defender  of 
iniquytie,  of  pryde,  a  marchaunt  and  occupier  of  all  deceyte, 
and  of  twentie  things  that  no  honeste  mannes  penn  can  well 
towche,  muche  lesse  vtter  and  putt  forthe.  Yow  thinke  youe 
doo  goode  seruyce  there  to  the  king*?  hieghnes ;  for  asmuche 
as  yow  now  se  things,  that  being  absent,  youe  shulde  not 
haue  seen,  suche  verelye  as  might  haue  done  greate  damage  ; 
if  youe  hadde  not  seen  them.  Yow  haue  bleared  myn  yee 
ones :  Yowr  credite  shall  neuermore  serue  youe  so  farr,  to 
deceyue  me  the  second  tyme  .  I  take  youe  as  youe  ar :  And 
do  thinke  it  muche  light  for  youe  to  forge  Wteres,  whiche  by 
woroVj,  not  long  sowght  for  ;  thus  haue  deceyued  me.  Yowr 
parte  was,  to  do  as  the  king  your  souuerayn  lorde  had  com- 
maunded  youe.  Yowr  praise  was  to  be  sowght  in  obeying 
his  hieghnes  pleasure ;  and  not  in  servyng  your  foolyshe 
fantasie,  All  though  ye  had  thought  this  waye  to  haue 
[done]  his  grace  better  seruyce,  But  now  to  stick  vnto  a 
Kebe[l]  to  follow  a  traytowr,  to  serue  a  frende  of  his,  which 
mortally  hatithe  your  souuerayn  lorde,  to  loue  hym,  whome 
god  cannot  but  hate,  What  follye  is  it  to  excuse  suche  madd 
lewdnes.  Yo*/r  good  maister  lately  entryd  into  the  Religion 
that  hathe  been  the  ruyn  of  all  Religion,  cannot  ye  saye,  but 
be  the  kingly  hiegh  frende.  He  woll  (as  ye  write)  declare  vnto 
the  worlde,  why  the  king  takithe  hym  for  a  traytowr.  In 
this  thing,  he  nedithe  to  travaile  neuer  a  dele.  All  prince 
(almoste)  knowe,  how  well  he  hathe  deseruyd  this  name. 
Yee,  the  king^r  hieghnes  is  muche  beholding  vnto  some  of 
them,  of  whome  his  grace  hathe  lerned  the  godly  entreprises 
that  this  sely  cardenall  went  aboute.  Now  if  those  that  haue 
made  hym  thus  madd,  can  also  p^rswade  hym  to  prynte  his 


h8  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

detestable  booke,  where  one  lye  lepfeth]  in  euery  lyne  in  an 
others  neck,  he  shalbe  then  asmuche  oounde  to  them,  for  their 
good  counsaill,  as  his  famylie  ....  to  hym,  for  his  wyse 
dealings.  God  I  doubt  not  will  scnde  hym  as  Ictle  Joy  therof 

as  his  frendes kynsfolke  ar  like  to  take  proffit  of  it. 

Pi[ty  it]  is,  that  the  follye  of  one  braynesick  Poole,  or  to  say 
better,  of  one  witles  foole,  shuld  be  the  Ruyn  of  so  gre[at] 
a  famylie.  Let  hym  regne,  and  follow  ambioion  a[s]  faste  as 
he  can,  these  that  letle  haue  offended  (sauy[ng]  that  he  is  of 
theyr  kynne)  wer  not  the  great  marcie  and  benygnytie  of  the 
prynce  shulde  and  might  fele  what  it  is  to  haue  suche 
a  trayto//r  to  their  kynsman.  Let  his  goodly  booke,  the 
frute  of  his  whole  studie,  come  abrode  ;  Is  there  any  man,  but 
he  may  well  accuse  our  prince  of  to  muche  clemencie,  and 
muche  mervaile  that  no  wayc  is  founde  to  take  awayc 
thawctowr  of  suche  trayterie.  Surely,  when  axrswer  shalbe 
made  to  his  heddy  malice,  I  thinke,  there  shalbe  veray  fewe, 
but  they  will  thinke  (as  I  do)  he  hathe  as  he  deseruyth,  if  he 
be  brought  to  most  shamefull  dethe.  Let  hym  not  thinke, 
but  thoughe  he  can  lye  largely,  there  be  some  wit/r  vs,  that 
can  say  truthe  of  hym.  His  preise  shalbe  greate,  when  men 
shall  se  the  king«  hieghnes  benefits  towards  hym,  thad- 
uancement  of  his  famylie  from  nothing  at  all,  to  that  they 
now  be  in,  And  then  shall  loke  vpon  his  good  harte,  his  grate- 
full  mynde,  his  desyre  to  seme  the  kingss  honour.  Let  his 
lewde  worke  go  forthe,  after  that  let  princes  iudge  whether 
the  king  can  take  thauctowr  of  so  famous  a  libell  to  be  his 
true  subiect.  Let  the  k'mges  hiegh  benrfitcs,  and  (whiche  is 
farr  more  to  be  extemed)  his  singuler  benevolence  shewed 
vnto  hym  of  a  childe,  come,  and  make  their  plee,  can  he,  or 
youe,  thinke  any  grownde  safe  for  hym  to  stande  in.  Hathe 
he  not  Just  cause  to  feare  leste  euery  honest  man  shuld  offre 
hym  self  to  revenge  this  so  enorme  vnkyndenes.  Shall  he  not 
thinke,  euery  honest  man  to  be  his  foo,  to  be  mystrusted  : 
Shall  not  his  detestable  Actes  written  in  his  conscience,  euer 
more  bryng  hym  to  contynuel  sorrow,  vex  hym,  and  so  vex 
hym,  that  nowhere  he  shalbe  quyet.  And  ye  know  that 
when  so  ever  the  kyng  will,  his  hieghnes  may  bring  it  easilye 
to  passe,  that  he  shall  thinke  himself  scasc  sure  of  his  lytc, 
althoughe  he  went  tyde  at  his  maisters  girdell.  There  maye 
be  founde  wayes  ynow  in  Italy,  to  rydd  a  trayterous  subiect. 
Surely  let  hym  not  thinke,  but  where  Justice  can  take  no 
place  by  processe  of  Lawe  at  home,  some  tymes  she  may  be 
enforced  to  seke  new  mcancs  abrode  .  Kmongrj  all  your 
pratie  ncwes,  thes  ar  veray  pleasant,  that  the  wylie  busshop 
of  Rome,  intendith  to  make  a  lamcntacion  to  the  worldc,  and 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  89 

to  desire  euery  man  to  pray  that  his  olde  gaynes  may  returne 
home  agayn  Men  will  well  thinke  he  hathe  cause,  or  at  the 
leaste  good  tyme  to  lament,  not  that  the  king  of  Englonde 
hathe  pulled  his  Realme  out  of  thraldome,  but  that  a  greate 
parte  of  the  worlde,  is  like  to  do  the  same.  Many  a  man 
wepithe  for  lesse.  We  blame  hym  not,  if  he  lament. 
Howbeit,  doubte  ye  not,  he  shall  fynde  some  man  wit/t 
vs,  that  shall  bydd  hym  be  a  better  man,  though  they 
byd  hym  not  be  of  better  chere.  If  your  good  Master 
take  vpon  hym  to  make  this  lamentac/bn  (as  in  deade  I 
thinke  there  is  no  man  a  lyve  that  hathe  better  cawse  to 
waile,  then  he  hathe)  assure  ye  hym  that  he  shall  lacke  no 
consolacion.  Paul  popith  Jolyly,  that  woll  desire  the  worlde 
to  pray  for  the  k'mges  apeyrement  This  ypochrisye  cow- 
myth  evyn  as  it  shuld  do,  and  standith  in  place  meyt  for  it. 
The  worlde  knovvith  right  well,  what  other  wyles  he  hathe 
practised  these  iii  yeres  They  shall  lawgh  well  to  se  his 
holynes  come  to  prayer,  bycause  he  cannot  bring  to  passe 
that  he  most  dcsireth.  He  that  the  last  day  went  aboutes  to 
set  all  prince  in  his  grac^j  topp,  writing  k/teres  almoste  to 
all  princes,  for  the  bringing  of  this  to  passe,  shall  he  not  now 
be  thought  holye  ;  that  thus  sodenly  castithe  a  way  his  weapen 
and  fallithe  to  his  bed^j.  God  hearith  (as  Peter  saythe)  the 
prayers  of  the  Juste  synners  ;  If  they  be  harde  at  any  tyme, 
it  is  when  they  praye  for  goode  things.  He  shall  not  praye 
so  faste  that  we  maye  returne  to  error ;  to  the  defense  of 
tyranny,  vngodlynes  vntruthes,  as  we  shall  praye  vnto  god 
that  his  grace  long  may  contynue  towards  our  most  vertuous 
prince,  vs  subiecter  and  seruanter  to  bothe.  We  trust  our 
prayers  shalbe  harde  And  that  ypochritrj  neuer  (after  this 
daye)  shall  regne  ouer  vs. 

Of  the  generall  counsaill ;  I  nede  saye  nothing.  Euery  man 
well  pkvceyuethe  the  difference  betwyxt  a  franke,  a  holy, 
a  godly,  a  generall  cownsaill,  and  an  assemblie  of  ambicious 
manciples,  of  men  sworne  to  popis  lustes  and  gaynes.  The  first, 
shall  neuer  be,  as  long  as  the  Popes  shall  rather  seke  their 
owen  glorie,  then  goddes  honour.  There  may  be  (as  there 
haue  beyn  to  to  ofte)  a  companye  confederat  against  god,  his 
lawcs  his  glorie.  These  may  be  gathered  togethers,  neuer 
better  then  now  (the  world  being  so  occupied  in  euery  corner 
of  it,  as  it  is)  A  generall  counsaill,  begynneth  a  day  after  the 
Grekes  Kalends.  Michael,  if  yow  wer  either  naturall  towards 
your  contrey,  or  yo;/r  famylie,  you  wolde  not  thus  shame  all 
your  kynne.  I  pray  god  they  byde  but  the  shame  of  it.  This 
am  I  sure  of,  thoughe  they  by  and  by  suffre  no  losse  of  good*- s, 
yet  the  lest  suspicion  shalbe  ynowghe  to  vndoo  the  greatist  of 


90  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

them.  Wherforc  if  yc  will  yet  turne,  to  your  cuntrcy,  and 
shew  yowrself  sorye  for  that  ye  foolishly  haue  done,  I  dare 
assure  youe  ye  shall  fynde  the  kyng«  hieghncs  muchc  more 
redye  to  seke  commendacion  of  clemencie,  then  of  Justice  at 
yo//r  fawltrr.  Turne  be  tyme,  yc  haue  taryed  almost  to  long. 
If  youe  come  not  now,  ye  maye  perchaunce  be  as  euyll  delt 
Mfit/i  in  Rome  itself,  as  ye  haue  dcserued  to  be  in  Englond. 
I  can  no  more ;  but  desyre  god  that  your  Masffr,  and  yow  may 
acknowlage  yo«r  detestable  faltrj,  and  be  good  wytncsses  of 
the  kingrj  hiegh  mercie.  Ye  may  turn,  If  ye  so  do,  I  doubt 
not,  but  the  king«  hieghncs  woll  welt  show  the  worldc,  that  he 
desireth  nothing  more  then  the  savyng  of  his  subject/^.  I  f  ye 
contynue  in  yowr  malice,  and  jvrucrse  blyndnes  ;  doubt  ye  not, 
but  yowr  cndfs  shalbe  as  of  all  traytours  for  the  most  parte  is. 
I  haue  done  what  I  may,  to  save  youe.  I  must  I  thinke 
do  what  I  can  to  se  youe  condigly  punysshed.  God  send 
youe  bothe  to  fare  as  ye  deserue,  that  is  either  shortly  to  com 
to  your  allegiaunce  orell^j  to  a  shamefull  deathe. 


219.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  DUKE  OF  NORFOLK). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  392.    (Jan.-Sept.  1537.) 

The  King  desires  him  to  cause  one  or  two  of  the  Council  to  ride  to 
Ilamborough  Castle  and  report  what  repairs  are  needed  to  make  it 
habitable. 

After  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons  to  yowr  lordship 
wheras  the  kingr s  highnes  hathe  given  the  keping  of  his  castle 
of  Bamburghe  vnto  this  berer  Maistr  Horseley  forasmoche  as 
his  grace  is  cnformed  that  the  said  Castle  is  soo  farre  in  decaye 
that  w/t//out  some  reparation  to  be  prrrrntly  doon  vppon  it,  it 
canne  not  be  enhabited,  his  graces  pleasure  is  that  yo//r  lord- 
ship shall  cause  some  oonr  or  two  of  the  consail  there  to  ride 
to  the  said  Castle  and  to  vueu  the  state  thcrof  and  what 
rcp0rac/bns  must  be  necessarily  doon  out  of  hande  vppon  the 
same  to  make  it  habitable,  and  making  theruppon  an  estimate 
of  the  charges  to  adurrtise  his  ma/>jte  of  their  doinges  therin 
accordingly  forseing  that  they  precede  in  this  matier  witA 
suche  dcxteritie  as  in  the  reparac/bns  to  be  doon  for  the 
dwelling  of  the  keper,  they  haue  only  respecte  to  the  neccssitie 
therof  and  not  to  any  thing  to  be  doon  for  pleasure  or 
suchc  cowmoditie  as  may  be  spared.  And  thus  Fare  you 
(well). 

Endd.  copye  of  a  lr//rre  for  Mr.  Horseley. 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  91 

220.  CROMWELL  TO  < WILLIAM  BRABAZON). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  826.    001.4(1537). 

He  is  to  allow  to  Lord  Butler  reasonable  fees  for  his  services,  when  he 
has  accounted  for  the  profits  of  certain  castles  of  which  he  has  had 
the  keeping. 

In  my  Right  harty  Maner  I  comend  me  vnto  you  &  wher 
as  the  lorde  Butler  hathe  had  the  charge  of  keping  of 
the  Castells  &  holdes  of  Caterlaugh  Thisteldormont  Kylka 
Castellcurr  Knokraffyn  &  Glaschare  aswell  in  the  tyme  of  the 
Rebellyon  ther  as  Sythens  whiche  Castells  be  scytuatt  in 
the  Frountares  &  marches  for  the  profytes  &  Reuenues  wherof 
Receyued  by  the  said  lorde  Butler  or  his  offycers  he  most  be 
accomptaunt  to  the  kingcs  highnes  his  magestes  pleasur  and 
comandmewt  is  that  vpon  the  accompt  of  the  said  lorde 
Buttler  in  to  the  whiche  as  he  aflfermyth  he  hathe  Entred, 
having  opteyned  of  you  afurther  Respett  or  day  for  makyng 
vp  therof  ye  Shall  alow  to  hym  for  the  garding  and  defens  of 
the  said  Castells  &  holdes  Suche  Somes  of  money  as  you  w*t^ 
thadvyce  of  his  grac^j  Comissioners  ther  at  this  tyme  schall 
think  Resonable  &  indyfierent  sowyng  in  the  same  vnto  hym 
convenyewt  Fauor  and  thus  hartely  Fare  you  well,  from 
murtlake  the  iiiith  of  Octobre 

"Your  loving  frend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

In  the  margin :  for  my  lorde  butler  allowance  for  castells 
keping. 

221.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  838.    Oct.  6(1537). 

The  King  desires  them  to  show  favour  to  the  inhabitants  of  Waterford, 
who  have  rendered  good  service  to  the  royal  cause. 

In  my  Right  Loveing  man^r  I  cowmende  me  vnto  you  and 
being  in  sundry  wyse  adu^rtyseid  of  the  goode  hartye 
demeanowr  &  laudable  s/ruice  of  the  maier  bayllyues  &  Cyty- 
zens  of  the  kingw  Cytie  of  Watrrford  aswell  in  the  obsrrueing 
alwaye  of  ther  allegeaunce  to  the  kingw  highnes  and  ResySte- 
ing  of  Rebelles  at  sundry  tymes  of  Rebellion  in  that  his  graces 
Lande  of  Irlande  as  of  the  refressing  and  exburseing  Bothe  of 
the  money  &  vyctayles  for  a  long  tyme  to  the  greate  Comfort 
succur  &  Relyef  of  the  King^r  Armye  ther  and  in  especyall  of 
William  Seintloo  and  his  Retynue  whiche  I  assure  youe  the 


OJ  LETTERS  OF 

kingrj  magcstie  acceptcth  Right  well  &  thankfully  whois 
pleaswr  &  Cowmaundynv;//  is  that  in  all  causcis  &  maters 
that  shalle  consowrne  the  said  mayer  Bayllyues  &  Cytyzens 
ye  doo  extende  yowr  goode  &  laufull  fauowrs  from  tyme  to 
tyme.  And  this  fare  youe  hartyly  well  wrytenat  Mortlake  the 
vilh  day  of  Octobre 

Yowr  Loueing  frendc 

THOMAS  CROMWELL. 
222.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  208  ;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  870.    Oct.  10  <  1 537.) 

Directs  him  to  sound  the  Emperor  on  the  subject  of  the  mediation 
proffered  by  Henry,  and  on  other  matters.  News  of  the  Court. 
Urges  him  to  try  to  discover  the  Emperor's  real  inclinations. 

Maister  Wiat  aftre  my  right  harty  co;«mendac/ons  By  this 
bererRougecroix  you  shall  receyve  the  King^rhighnes  Lr//rres 
conteyning  his  pleasure  for  an  ouerture  to  be  setfurth  for 
a  mediae/on  of  peax  Betwene  Themprrowr  and  the  Frenche 
king  wherin  By  the  said  \etteres  you  shall  prrceyve  that  his 
grace  like  a  good  prince,  and  a  very  Freende  to  both  parties, 
ofirethe  himself  to  travayl,  if  they  woll  cow/mytt  the  mayning 
of  the  matier  to  him.  Your  parte  shalbe  nowe  like  a  good 
Oratowr,  bothe  to  setfurthe  the  princely  nature  and  incly- 
nac/on  of  his  highnes  w/t/r  all  dextcritic,  and  soo  to  obserue 
Thempmw/rs  answers  to  the  said  Ouerture  and  to  the  rest  of 
the  pointes  in  the  same  W/rres  expressed,  as  you  may  therby 
fishe  out  the  botom  of  his  stomake,  and  aduertise  his  Ma/rjte 
howe  he  standethe  disposed  towards  him,  and  to  the  con- 
tynuance  of  thamytie  betwene  them.  It  is  Bruted  that  there 
shuld  be  a  coww///«ication  of  a  peax  to  be  mayned  by  others. 
vse  all  yowr  wiscdom  in  thenscrche  also  therof  that  you  may 
in  that  matier  likewise  signific  suwme  certaintie  to  his  highnes 
and  semblably  what  thempmv/r  woll  doo  touching  the  bisshop 
of  Romes  counsail  whiche  the  Germaynes  vppon  good  groundes 
haue  refused  to  consent  vnto,  and  the  King«  Ma/>.rtie  vppon 
many  of  the  respect/-.?  declared  by  the  Germaynes  w/'t^  certain 
other  greate  and  weightie  considerations  hathc  made  like 
refusel,  You  must  in  yowr  conference  w/t/r  themp^rowr  take 
occasion  to  spcake  of  all  those  matiers,  and  soo  frankely  to 
spcake  of  them  as  you  may  fcale  the  dcpcncs  of  his  hartc. 
wherin  you  shall  doo  good  smiice.  It  is  mochc  mrrvailed 
that  you  haue  not  yet  delyuered  my  Lady  Maries  grace  !<-//<-rcs. 
It  was  a  parte  of  yowr  Instruction  and  therfor  very  negligently 
thus  p/rtermyttcd.  I  haue  yet  soo  excused  the  matier  that 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  93 

you  may  nowe  delyuer  them  and  write  thanswer  to  the  same, 
as  doon  befor  according  to  your  commission  thoughe  not  at 
the  first  accesse,  for  want  of  oportunytie.  The  Kingw  Maieste 
is  your  good  and  gratious  lorde  and  taketh  your  conference 
both  w/t//  Monsieur  de  Grandevile  and  those  vfit/t  Themp^rowr 
himself  in  good  parte.  Contynue  vigilant  nowe  in  thenserching 
out  of  things  mete  to  be  knowen,  and  vse  diligence  in  adu^-r- 
tisement  whenne  any  suche  thing  shall  occurre.  And  doubt 
you  not  but  your  srruice  shalbe  wel  employed.  And  as  for 
yowr  diette  and  post  money  I  shall  see  you  shall  haue  them 
paid  according  to  yowr  warrant,  and  in  the  rest  of  yowr  affaires 
I  shall  be  suche  a  Freende  vnto  you  if  nede  require  as  your 
enemyes  if  you  haue  any  shall  wynne  litle  at  your  hande  in 
yowr  absence.  Your  brother  Anthony  lee  hathe  been  in  the 
porters  Lodge  for  consenting  to  the  steling  of  certain  the 
kinges  hawkes  and  your  suster  suying  for  his  delyumince 
hath  ben  here  vritA  me  at  Mortlake  they  be  bothe  mery,  and 
the  k'mges  highnes  is  nowe  again  good  lorde  vnto  him. 
Gentle  Maister  Wiat  nowe  vse  all  your  wisedome  rather  to 
trye  out  howe  themp^rowr  is  disposed  towards  the  kinge 
highnes,  thenne  to  presse  him  anything  to  agre  to  the  ourrture 
of  mediaabn  if  he  woll  not  as  gentilly  embrace  it  as  it  is  made 
freendly  vnto  him.  For  to  be  plain  wttA  you  thother  parte 
declare  him  in  \vordes  towards  his  Ma&rte  to  make  only  faire 
wether,  and  in  his  harte  dede  and  worker,  to  doo  all  that  he 
canne  to  his  grace  dishonowr,  insomoche  as  they  bost  them- 
selfcr  to  haue  refused  some  honest  offres  for  themselfcr  bicause 
they  were  knytt  wit//  vile  and  filthie  conditions  towards  his 
Ma&rte.  And  if  it  be  true  It  is  pitye  there  shuld  be  suche 
dissimulac/bn  in  suche  a  prince,  and  specially  towards  him, 
whom  he  ought  of  congruence  all  thinge  considered  to  obserue 
love  and  honour  to  his  vttermost,  if  you  thinke  that  the 
speaking  of  thise  things  vnto  him  may  be  any  meane  to 
disciphre  his  very  meanyng  bolte  them  out  of  yowrself  as 
signified  vnto  you  by  some  of  the  Agente  of  the  Kinge 
highnes  in  Fraunce.  And  whenne  you  shal  be  in  communica- 
tion of  thise  maticrs  handle  them  v/itA  suche  a  plain  franknes 
as  youe  may  drawe  suwwhat  out,  that  p^rcace  restethe  yet 
hidden  vndre  a  colored  cloke  of  Freendeship  or  at  the  least 
manifest  and  make  open  that  like  a  prince  of  honowr  he 
meaneth  as  he  prrtendethe.  I  thanke  you  for  your  sundry 
\etttres,  and  require  you  to  be  diligent  in  writing  of  thoccur- 
rantrj  there,  as  you  may  haue  oportunytie  of  Messengers, 
putting  the  Kingrj  Maieste  to  no  further  chardge  thenne  yowr 
wisedome  shall  thinke  expedient.  Yowr  gentle  suster  being 
yet  here  desired  me  to  have  her  cowmcnded  vnto  you  in  thise 


94  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

\ft feres.  I  sende  you  hcrw/t//  a  \ettere  writen  from  Mr.  pate 
to  an  Englishman  in  themprrowrs  courte,  whcnne  you  haue 
red  it  copie  it,  and  soo  scale  and  dclyurr  it  and  sollicite 
thanswer  w/'t/r  al  diligence  For  the  Kittges  Maitste  moche 
desirethe  to  trye  out  that  maticr  of  Dignely.  Thus  fare  you 
hartely  well.  From  Mortlake  xmo  Octobrw. 

Yowr  assuryd  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  C  RUM  WELL. 

Fayle  not  to  get  the  answer  to  the  matier  of  Digneley  \vitA 
suche  spede  as  it  may  be  sent  vfitA  the  next  post  if  it  be 
possible 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  Freend  Sir  Thomas  Wyat 
Knight  the  Kingw  ambassadour  Resident  withe  Themp^rowr. 

Endd.  My  lord  pr*'vi  sele  in  October  by  barthobmew  at 
barbastra. 

223.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  an  ;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  890.    Oct.  12,  1537. 

Directs  him  to  inform  the  Emperor  of  the  birth  of  Prince  Edward. 
After  my  right  herty  cowmendac/on  This  shalbe  to  aduer- 
tise  you  that  sithens  the  Departure  of  Rouge  croix  whiche 
was  despechcd  to  you  in  post  on  wesnesday  last  here  be  no 
newes  occurrantrj  but  veray  good  newes  which  for  surctie 
I  have  receyved  this  mornyng,  that  it  hath  pleased  allmyghty 
god  of  his  goodnes  to  scnde  vnto  the  Quencs  grace  delyvr- 
aunce  of  a  goodly  prince  to  the  grete  confort  Reioysse  and 
consolac/bn  of  the  K'mges  Maieste  and  of  all  vs  his  most 
humble  loving  and  obedient  subiectry  Wherof  we  have  veray 
grete  cause  to  thancke  our  most  benigne  and  graciouse 
creato//r,  who  after  so  long  expcctac/bn  hath  exalced  o//r 
prayowrs  and  desyres  I  have  writen  this  lettere  having  thop- 
portunitc  of  this  present  Curroi/r  To  thintent  that  ye  shal 
adiu-rtisc  Thempmw/r  Therof.  I  thinkc  that  w/'t//  convenient 
diligence  the  Kingrr  hignes  will  write  vnto  hym  and  to  other 
prince  of  thesame  to  make  them  participaunt  of  his  grete 
Joye  and  confort  Wherof  I  shal  move  hym  tomorowe  at  my 
next  being  w/t/i  his  grace  Thus  Fare  ye  hertely  well  From 
Sainct  James  beside  Westminster  this  xijlh  of  October  the 
xxixlh  ycu  of  his  most  pr^sperouse  Rcgne. 

"Your  louyng  assuryd  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 
Add.   A   mon   trcsbon   et  asseurc  amy   Monsieur  Wyat 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  95 

conseillewr  et  ambassadewr  du  Roye  Dangleterre  [R]eside«t 
en  La  Court  Lemper^r. 

Endd.  My  lord  p  *vi  sele  in  decemtvr  delivered,  long 
aflfter  the  date  by  the  see  of  the  news  of  the  prince. 

And  again,  My  lord  pr/vi  sele  in  October  by  see  of  a  couryour 
late  affur  the  date 

224.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYAT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  215  ;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  950.     Oct.  20  (1537). 

Requests  him  to  take  such  steps  that  the  King  may  be  informed  of 
the  Emperor's  feeling  towards  him,  at  the  return  of  the  bearer, 
Mr.  Dudley. 

Maister  Wiat  aftre  my  right  harty  cow/mendaa'ons  bicause 
it  hathe  pleased  the  kingr;  Ma/>jte  to  addresse  this  berer 
to  Thempmwr  to  signifie  vnto  him  the  certain  newes  of  the 
birthe  of  the  prince,  knowing  that  his  instruction  to  you  shalbe 
sufficient  wit/iout  further  repeticibn  of  the  same,  I  shall  for- 
bere  to  molest  you  with  long  letteres  and  only  require  you 
to  handle  your  last  commission  in  suche  discrete  and  temperate 
sorte,  as  at  the  returne  of  this  said  Berer  Mr.  Dudley  yo#r 
good  Freende,  his  highnes  may  p^rceyve  that  thing  \vhiche 
his  grace  desirethe  to  knowe  that  is  themp^rowrs  good  inclyna- 
cion  towards  his  Ma/Vjte  or  the  contrary  if  it  shall  otherwise 
appere  vnto  you.  And  thus  Fare  you  hartely  well  From 
St.  James  beside  Westminster  the  xxth  of  October. 

The  kingfj-  highnes  desirethe  you  also  to  sende  an  answer 
by  Maister  Dudley  of  the  matier  touching  Dignely.  For  his 
grace  hath  it  spatially  to  harte.  And  I  pray  you  reme;«bre 
what  was  last  writen  to  youe  touching  the  \etteres  addressed 
from  my  lady  Mary. 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  myn  Assured  loving  Freende  sir  Thomas  Wiat 
knight  the  \tinges  Ambassadowr  w/'t//  Thcmperour. 

Endd.  My  lord  pri'vi  sele  in  October  by  sir  John  duddely 
at  barbastra 

225.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  991.    Oct.  27  (1537). 

Desires  them  to  assign  a  pension  and  a  suitable  retinue  to  Lord  James 
Butler,  whom  the  King  has  appointed  Constable  of  two  of  his  castles. 

In  my  right  hartie  maner  I  cowmende  me  vnto  (you). 
And  where  as  the  kings;  Highnes  at  my  Contemplacibn  hathe 


96  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

constitutcid  my  Lordc  Butler  to  be  his  Magcstics  Counstable 
and  Captain  in  his  gractt  Castclls  of  Catherlaghc  and  Kylka, 
his  highnes  hathe  wylled  me  to  Sygnyfie  vnto  you  that  his 
plcasi/r  &  cowmaundyment  is  that  ye  shalle  Lymyte  and 
apointc  suchc  A//nuall  cowucnycnt  Fees  to  him  for  thexcersyc- 
ing  of  the  same  Romes  as  ye  shalle  thinke  expedyent  And  that 
also  ye  appointe  suche  Nombre  of  the  kingrj  Soldyers  and  of 
his  men  in  wage  as  for  the  Gardeing  thcrof  shalbe  mete  & 
necessary  yf  ye  haue  or  shalle  thinke  those  Caste) Is  of  the 
Nombre  mete  to  be  so  manned  and  gardeid.  And  that  therin 
and  in  eurry  matticr  that  shalle  consowrne  Therlc  of  Ossery 
his  Father  or  the  said  Lord  Butler  for  my  sake  ye  extcnde 
yonr  goode  and  Lawfull  fauoars  from  tyme  to  tyme.  And 
this  fare  ye  hartyly  well  From  the  Neate  beside  Westm/'/w/^r 
the  xxvii  of  Octobre 

"Your  Loueing  Frinde 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

226.  (CROMWELL)  TO  LORD  WILLIAM  (HOWARD)  AND 
GARDINER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1004  (i).    (October,  1537.) 

Desires  them  to  announce  to  Francis  the  death  of  Queen  Jane,  and  to 
make  inquiries  concerning  certain  ladies  in  France,  who  might  be 
suitable  for  the  Kinp  to  marry.  Upbraids  Gardiner  for  not  trusting 
Cromwell's  friendship. 

My  very  good  lordes  after  most  harty  cowmendac/ons  how- 
soeuer  our  affections  wold  Bere  things  that  be  aduerse  [and] 
contrary  to  our  desires.  Yet  Bicause  ....  knowe  that  yo«r 

wisedomes  w preface  reason  and  y that  which 

curry  man  to  whom  god  hathe  g wil  thankful[ly] 

embrace  that  is  his  will  and  pleasure  I  shall  in  fewe  wordes 
comprehende  that  god  hath  sent  vnto  vs  that  is  w/t/i  our 
Joye,  a  notable  displeasure  and  sorowe  if  it  may  be  called 
sorowe  or  displeasure  that  he  woll  prrmytt  and  suffre.  Our 
prince  our  lord  be  thanked  is  in  good  health  and  suckcth  like 
a  child  of  his  puissance  whiche  you  my  lorde  Will/am  canne 
declare  Our  Mastrcs  thoroughe  the  faultc  of  them  that  were 
about  her  which  suffred  her  to  take  greate  cold  and  to  eat 
things  that  her  fantazie  in  sykncs  called  for,  is  departed  to 
god.  The  kingrr  MarVrtes  pleasure  is  that  you  shal  [adujrr- 
tise  the  frenche  king  of  this  her  gracrj  departure.  Whom 
we  be  all  boundc  to  remembrr  and  pray  for,  having  left  vnto 
vs  soo  goodly  a  pledge,  as  is  our  Yong  Maister.  And  foras- 
mochc  as  thoughe  his  Ma*«te  is  not  anything  disposed  to 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  97 

mary  again  Albeit  his  highnes  god  be  thanked  takethe  this 
chaunce  as  a  man  that  by  reason  wtt/t  forte  ouercometh  his 
affection,  may  take  such  an  extreme  adventure.  Yet1  as 
sundry  of  his  gracrj  co[un]sail  here  have  thought  it  mete  for 
vs  to  be  most  humble  suters  to  his  Ma/r^te  to  consider  the 
state  of  his  realme  and  to  enter  eftsones  in  to  an  other  Matry- 
monie  in  place  for  his  highnes  satisfaction  convenient  Soo 
his  tendre  zeale  to  Vs  his  subgiettar  hathe  already  so 
moche  ouercom^  his  graces*  disposition  And  framed  his 
mynde  bothe  to  be  indifferent  to  the  thing  and  to  thelection 
of  any  person  from  any  parte  that  w/t//  deliberation  shalbe 
thought  mete  for  him,  that  as  we  lyve  in  hope  that  his  grace 
woll  again  couple  himself  to  our  comforts,  soo  considering 
what  parsonages  in  Christendom  be  mete  for  him  Among« 
the  rest  there  be  two  in  Fraunce  that  may  be  thought  on, 
thone  is  the  frenche  king^  doughter  whiche  as  it  is  said  is  not 
the  metest,  thother  is  Madame  de  Longevile,  whom  they  say 
the  king  of  Scotto  dothe  desire.  Of  whose  conditions  and 
qualities  in  curry  pointe  his  Ma*V.rte  desireth  you  bothe  wz't^ 
all  your  dexterite  and  good  meanes  to  enquire  and  likewise 
in  what  pointe  and  termes  the  said  king  of  Scotter  standeth 
towards  either  of  them,  whiche  his  highnes  is  soo  desirous  to 
knowe,  his  graces  desire  therin  to  be  neuertheles  in  any  wise 
kept  secret  to  yowrselfay  that  his  pleasure  is  that  you  my 
lorde  Will/am  shal  not  return  tyl  you  may  lerne  both  howe 
the  king  of  Scotter  standethe  in  his  sute,  and  what  the  con- 
ditions and  qualities  of  both  prrsonnes  be,  whiche  knowen 
as  you  may  by  any  possible  meanes  attayn  to  the  knowleag 
of  it  soo  as  at  the  return  of  you  my  lord  Willmm  you  may  wel 
declare  it  &  his  graces  woll  that  you  my  lord  William  shall 
return  according  to  yo;/r  instructions  In  thenserching  out 
of  whiche  matier  his  Ma/V^te  dcsirethe  you  bothe  to  exhibite 
that  circumspection  and  diligence  that  may  answer  to  his 
graces  expectaobn  conceyvid  of  you.  Nowe  my  lord  of 
Wynchester  yesternight  arryved  here  your  Lr/Ares  sent  to 
the  binges  Maieste  by  yo//r  seruaunt  Massye,  and  wii/t  the 
same  your  "Lctteres  also  to  me,  Bothe  whiche  Letteres  the 
kingcs  Maieste  hathe  thoroughly  perused.  And  first  for  your 
vigilancy  declared  in  the  same  touching  the  investigaabn  of 
thoccurrantey  there  and  specially  in  what  termes  themper<?r 
and  the  frenche  king  standc  towards  the  peax  his  grace 
giveth  vnto  you  harty  thanks,  and  the  semblable  for  your 
gifte  vnto  him  of  Assher,  albeit  the  same  be  given  wit//  nichil 

1  c.  o.  it  shalbe  mete  for  his  Counsailowrs  to  be  suters  to  him  to  prouide  vs 
a  c.  o.  said  determynac/on 

MERR1MAN.     II  H 


98  LETTERS   OF  [153? 

agis  dolor.  For  thassurancc  wherof  his  highncs  woll  shortly 
scnde  vnto  you  suche  dcde  or  dcdcs  to  be  signed  w/tA  yo//r 
hawd  as  by  his  Icrned  Counsail  shalbe  deuised  for  that  pur- 
pose. Neurrtheles  my  lorde  in  your  letteres  touching  that 
matier  of  Assher,  you  doo  bothe  me  and  other  wrong  to  be 
angry  w/t//  vs  w/t//out  cause  and  bothe  to  impute  Lack 
of  memory  where  there  was  in  that  thing  no  suche  faulte, 
and  to  thinke  that  things  haue  been  otherwise  setfurthe 
towards  you  thcnne  in  dede  they  haue  been.  I  am  sory  my 
lorde  to  see  you  soo  contencious  and  to  haue  soo  litle  care  of 
yo//r  Freendes.  Of  what  sorte  I  haue  Been  towards  you, 
I  do  referre  myself  to  the  kingts  Ma/Vjte  and  to  sundry  others 
of  his  counsail  that  hathe  knowen  the  preceding^  here.  And 
yet  to  be  plain  wit//  you,  whenne  I  wrote  that  the  kinges  Mai^rte 
toke  pleasure  in  your  house  and  wold  make  a  chace  aboute 
it  whiche  shuld  make  it  no  house  for  yo//r  store  me  thought 
it  required  at  least  suche  an  answer  as  might  have  declared 
that  you  had  been  gladde  of  it,  in  whiche  cace  you  should 
not  haue  neded  to  haue  called  to  remembrance  the  lesson 
of  Possidon  Nichil  Agis  dolor.  For  that  hathe  place  where 
there  is  a  grief.  As  touching  the  promises  you  speke  of  thone 
wherof  you  saye  was  not  absolute  Bicause  in  the  same  dedes 
concurred  not  wit//  the  wordes,  and  thother  is  not  performed 
for  that  your  shamefastnes  letted  you  to  Aske  an  horse  befor 
promised  Wherupon  you  conclude  that  for  an  horse  or  any 
thing  ellrj  Wherin  I  may  doo  you  pleasure  you  woll  thancke 
me  for  the  dede  whenne  it  is  doom,  and  not  for  the  promise 
or  good  wil  in  the  meane,  whiche  you  doo  of  lightlywood 
esteme  as  you  did  myn  aduise  that  is  soo  gently  returned 
vnto  me,  to  be  kept  for  myn  oune  store.  First  I  promised 
you  no  more  thenne  was  in  me  that  was  all  that  I  could  doo 
in  yowr  sute  for  you  wit//  a  declaration  of  the  hope  I  had  to 
haue  obteynid,  and  yet  I  thinke  this  alone  ought  neither 
to  be  soo  moche  despised  that  you  shuld  soo  ernestly  refuse  it 
herafter,  ne  to  be  wrested  to  that  which  is  not  in  me,  that 
is  that  I  shuld  be  hable  to  doo  what  I  wold.  Whatsoeuer 
yowr  opinion  be  of  me  I  mcrvayl  that  you  knowing  the 
wisedom  of  our  Maister  canne  thinke  any  man  hablc  to 
obteyne  things  soo  at  his  hande.  Seconde  touching  the 
horse  if  I  promised  you  oonr  I  gave  you  oon/,  and  if  I  gave 
you  ooaf  as  I  did  according  to  my  promise,  I  mcrvayl  your 
good  memory  woll  forget  it  But  to  make  an  ende  of  this 
matier  I  woll  not  be  soo  contencious  as  to  entre  any  newe 
matters  wit//  you  howe  soeuer  you  vse  me  or  repute  me. 
I  shall  be  sory  that  you  canne  make  no  more  of  Freendship, 
And  in  all  thing?;  Doo  towards  you  wit//out  rcspecte  as 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  99 

becometh  me  to  doo  towards  that  prrsonne  whom  my  Maister 
putteth  in  trust  As  concernyng  thabbot  of  Arbroth,  being 
his  Maister  the  kinges  highnes  Nephieu  and  in  leage  wiiA 
him  his  grace  wold  you  shuld  vse  him  indifferently  like  a 
Freende  as  reason  requirethe.  And  asfor  the  instructions 
whiche  you  desire  to  haue  sent  you  for  answer  to  be  made 
to  the  frenche  king  The  kinges  highnes  thinketh  that  tyl 
his  Ma*>jte  may  knowe  the  couvenawtar  he  cannot  growe  to 
any  resolucion  touching  the  same  And  therfor  his  pleasure 
is  that  in  suche  order  as  your  wisedom  shall  thinke  expedient 
you  shall  practise  to  knowe  the  certain  Articles  agreed  on 
or  to  be  agreed  on  if  there  be  any  suche,  And  to  certifie  his 
Ma*V.yte  of  the  same,  in  the  meane  tyme  stycking  vppon  the 
pointe  of  his  promise  and  bonde  to  wyne  his  Ma*>.rte  w/tfc 
him  as  a  principall  contrahent.  Finally  I  shall  wzt^  spede 
take  ordre  for  money  to  be  delyu^red  to  your  seruaunt  Peter 
Larke  as  in  my  former  \ctteres  I  wrote  I  wold,  and  as  for  the 
rest  of  your  sutes  the  kinges  maicste  woll  make  you  answer 
by  his  next  lettcres 


227.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  THE  COUNCIL 
OF  THE  NORTH. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1016.    Nov.  2,  1537. 

Informs  them  of  the  King's  pleasure  concerning  certain  details  of  the 
administration  of  the  North. 

After  my  Right  harty  Commendac/ons  to  your  lordshipp 
These  shalbe  taduertys  the  same  that  the  kinges  MaxVjte  hav- 
ing aswel  Receyved  your  lr/teres  of  the  xvth  of  the  last  moneth 
addressed  from  youe  and  certayn  others  of  his  Counsail  there 
to  his  hieghnes  As  seen  and  perused  the  letteres  which  w/'t// 
the  same  your  lordshipp  sent  vnto  me,  His  graces  pleaswr  ys 
that  I  shuld  make  suche  aunswer  vnto  your  said  \etteres  as 
ensueth. 

First  his  hieghnes  taketh  your  procedingrj  for  this  begyn- 
nyng  in  verey  good  parte  And  specyally  geveth  vnto  you  his 
Right  harty  thanks  for  your  \etteres  written  to  Sz'r  Reynold 
Carnabye 

Seconde  his  Maiestie  is  wel  content  that  youe  shal  vse  the 
Signet  being  in  the  custody  of  youe  Maister  Vuedale  the 
stampe  whereof  his  grace  lyketh  veray  wel  for  that  it  hath 
notable  difference  from  all  other  his  grac^j  Signetrj  and  is  also 
well  graven,  as  it  was  Judged  by  the  printe  which  with  the 
caryage  was  neurrtheles  sumwhat  prrssed  owte. 

H  a 


100  LETTERS  OF  [i 

Thirde  as  concernyng  the  pledges  of  Tyndall  and  Ryddes- 
dale  as  his  Maieste  referreth  the  bestowing  of  them  to  your 
wisdomcs,  Soo  his  grace  thinketh  the  matyer  thereof  of  no  suche 
iwportauncc  as  shuld  require  his  hieghnes  Lr//rres  to  New- 
castel  or  to  any  other  place  or  f*rsonne  w/t//in  the  lymytrj  of 
your  Commyssion  having  his  Ma/V^te  geven  vnto  you  suche 
ample  cowmyssyon  as  he  thinketh  shall  not  neadc  any  supple- 
ment onles  the  matyer  were  of  greater  Diffkultic  thenne  the 
keping  of  those  pledges  is  Whom  it  is  thought  youe  may 
easly  kepe  in  sundry  places  having  order  taken  for  your 
alowaunce  for  their  charges  without  suche  feare  as  shuld 
cause  youe  to  putt  them  to  suche  straytnes  as  might  be  called 
an  Imprysonment 

Fourth  the  names  of  Darcy  Constable  and  others  shalbe 
w*t//drawen  owte  of  all  Commyssions  Fyft  his  grace  ys 
content  that  Mr.  Fairfax  shall  enioye  a  place  in  his  Counsail 
there  wit^  xx  li  Fee  to  conv  and  goo  at  his  libertye  for  which 
purpose  yo«r  lordshipp  shall  Receyve  a  newe  Commyssyon 
herewith  wherein  he  ys  inserted 

Sixt  youe  shall  herew/t/*  Receyve  a  Commission  for  the 
Levyeng  of  men  in  cace  of  neade  which  Cowmissyon  his 
maiesties  pleas//r  is  shall  Remayn  w/tA  youe  my  lord  of 
Duresme  onely  for  a  shoute  Arcre  if  that  extremyte  shuld 
chaunce  which  his  grace  thinketh  cannot  happen  if  youe  woll 
ernestly  punysshe  yvel  disposed  p^-rsonnes  in  tyme  convenient 

Seventh  as  touching  the  children  of  Sir  Thomas  IVrcye 
remaynyng  in  the  custodye  of  s/r  Sir l  Thomas  Tempest  if  you 
thinke  not  that  place  sure  for  them,  his  Ma/V^tes  pleasure  is 
that  you  shal  bestowe  them  in  suche  other  place  further  wit/tin 
the  harte  of  those  parties  as  youe  shal  thinke  expedient,  the 
charges  of  whose  diet  shalbe  defrayed  accordingly 

Finally  touching  the  bookes  of  Decrees  you  shal  receyve  it 
by  the  next  messanger  who  shall  also  bring  vnto  you  the 
warranter  for  yowr  diettor  and  the  Fees  of  the  rest  of  the 
counsail  wiW  the  penc/oncrs  of  the  Marches  whiche  if  o//r 
hcvy  chaunce  had  not  happened  shuld  haue  been  dispcchcd 
vnto  you  er  this  tyme.  From  Westminster  ii"1  Nouewbrtr 
A°  R.  R.  H.  viii.  xxix 

T.  CRUMWELL. 

Endd.  Copie  of  My  lordcs  letter*,  to  the  prvsidifft  and 
coK/rscill  of  the  North. 

1  sit. 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  101 

228.   CROMWELL  TO  (JOHN)  BABINGTON. 

Belvoir  Castle  MSS  ;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1061.    Nov.  12  (1537). 

Is  informed  that  he  has  done  great  harm  to  the  manor  of  Kingston  in 
Nottinghamshire,  belonging  to  his  brother.  Requires  him  to  make 
good  what  damage  may  be  found  by  four  impartial  gentlemen. 

After  my  hartie  comendations  Whereas  your  brother 
Thomas  Babyngton  sonne  and  heire  of  your  late  father  S/> 
Anthonye  Babyngton  Knyght  deceased  was  contented  and 
agreed  vpon  an  arbitrement  taken  and  made  by  sir  Anthonye 
Fitzherbert  knyght  and  others  that  Dame  Katherine  your 
late  mother  nowe  deseased  shuld  haue  the  manour  place  of 
Kynston  in  the  Countie  of  Nottyngham  wtt/t  certein  landcs 
therwith  belongyng  during  her  naturall  liefe  and  For  oon  yere 
after  her  decease  wzt/joute  payinge  any  thynge  therfor,  where 
as  your  said  Brother  might  have  had  For  the  same  xl  li  Rent 
by  the  yere  and  For  somoche  as  I  am  credably  enfowrmid 
that  you  have  not  onelye  pmreaved  and  takyn  the  Renter 
proufetttt-  and  Revenues  of  the  said  Manowr  and  landes  For 
thole  yere  aftre  your  said  late  mothers  decease,  by  reason 
that  you  were  here  executowr,  but  also  that  during  the  same 
tyme  of  the  saied  yere  you  haue  in  most  vngentili  and 
vnnaturall  m&ner  comitted  and  done  soe  greate  spoyle  wast 
and  distruction  dyvers  and  sondrye  wayes  vpon  in  and  abowte 
the  saied  manour  place  that  the  some  of  a  hundred  pounds 
and  more  woll  not  sett  all  thynges  in  like  state  and  Condicion 
as  thei  were  in  at  your  First  entre,  beside  sondrye  other 
Iniuries  and  wronges  done  vnto  hym.  These  shalbe  to 
require  youe  that  takyng  too  honest  and  indefferent  gentil- 
men  For  your  parte  and  your  Brother  oother  tow  For  his  to 
see  and  view  the  said  wast  and  spoyle  you  doo  procede  to 
som  Frendlie  and  lovyng  communication  vpon  the  premisses 
takynge  suche  ordre  in  the  same  as  shalbe  Consonaunt  to 
right  and  Justice  soe  as  your  Brother  maye  have  noe  Cause 
eftsones  to  Compleyn  either  vnto  me  or  any  other  of  the 
kynges  hieghnes  most  honowrable  counsaill  For  Further 
Remydie  in  that  behalff  wherevnto  I  trust  you  woll  shewe 
your  self  confformable  For  thavoyding  of  Further  suetes 
whiche  your  said  Brother  might  make  For  Recompense  of  the 
said  wast.  And  also  to  thentent  men  shall  not  thinke  or  note 
in  you  suche  vnnaturall  dealing  against  your  Brother,  Assur- 
yng  you  that  if  the  said  wast  and  spoyle  be  soe  greate  as 
apperithe  by  a  boke  of  the  particulers  thereof  whiche  I  haue 
seen  and  Redde  you  haue  not  vsed  your  selffe  accordyng  to 
thoffice  and  duetie  of  a  Brother.  And  thus  not  doubtyng 


102  LETTERS  OF  [> 

but  that  you  woll  stande  to  suche  ordre  and  detcrmynacion 
as  shalbe  thought  mete  to  be  kept  and  rx-rflbwrmed  of  yo//r 
partie,  I  bidd  you  hartelie  to  Farewell  From  london  the  xiitk 
of  Nouembre. 

Yowr  lovyng  mastrr 

THOMAS  CRUMWEM  . 
229.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  219 ;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1 143.    Nov.  29  and  30  <  1 537). 

Assures  him  that  he  will  be  well  furnished  with  money.  Instructions  for 
his  dealings  with  the  Emperor,  especially  in  regard  to  the  King's 
proffered  mediation  between  Charles  and  Francis. 

Maister  Wiat  aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons  Albeit 
I  haue  at  this  tyme  no  matier  of  importance  to  be  writen 
vnto  you,  yet  having  thoportunytie  of  this  messangcr  being 
as  I  vndrestonde  dispeched  vnto  you  for  yowr  oune  priuate 
affaires,  I  thought  mete  to  signifie,  that  yowr  last  lr//<-res 
conteyning  yowr  conference  wit//  thempm>wr  and  w/t// 
Mons;Vwr  de  Grandevile,  were  taken  and  accepted  in  as 
thank-full  parte,  as  I  haue  lightly  seen  the  \etttres  of  any  the 
kingrc  Mantes  Oratowrs,  residyng  in  outwarde  p^rtes.  And 
wheras  in  yowr  \ftteres  wit//  the  same  addressed  to  me,  youe 
make  instant  request  and  sute  for  money  for  your  Diettrj, 
As  vppon  tharryval  of  yowr  said  lr//<res  I  toke  ordre  for  the 
payment  of  yowr  diettrj  for  vi  monethes  beforhande,  for  the 
present  payment  of  all  suche  money  as  you  had  layd  out  for 
postes,  and  for  yowr  further  dictt  for  two  monethes  to  be 
receyved  in  the  lieu  of  a  prest  for  the  dispcchc  of  suche  postes 
as  you  shuld  addresse  hither.  Soo  if  yowr  Agents  here  wold 
haue  called  for  money  befor  the  cuwmyng  of  your  said 
lr//rres  or  if  Rougecroix  wold  haue  taken  yowr  billes  of 
Exchaunge  \\-itfi  him,  the  same  might  long  befor  haue  been 
dispeched.  And  oon  thing  I  moche  mervayled  of  that  you 
wold  put  the  kinges  highnes  to  the  charge  of  your  Interests, 
the  president  were  to  yvel  to  be  admytted.  And  for  yowr 
p^rte  I  wold  haue  you  in  no  wise  to  desire  any  suche  matier, 
it  wold  be  taken  in  yvel  paric  and  yet  you  shall  neuer  therin 
obteyn  yowr  purpose.  Mistrust  not  but  you  shall  haue 
asmoche  fauowr  as  I  may  extende  vnto  you,  and  indede  you 
had  nede  of  Freendeship,  for  I  haue  not  seen  a  wise  man 
leave  his  things  soo  rawlye,  as  yo//rs  be  left.  Nowe  to  touchc 
summe  of  the  pointes  of  your  lr//rres  addressed  to  the  kingr s 
highnes.  It  was  founde  here  mervelous  straunge  that  it  shuld 
be  said  there  that  themprrowrs  Agcntrj  here  resident  could 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  103 

haue  non  audience  in  vi  monethes,  the  truthe  is  they  neuer 
desired  Audience  but  they  had  it,  and  soo  themselfo  haue 
co«fessed  sithens  tharryval  of  the  said  k7/r res,  sythens  whiche 
tyme  there  hathe  been  co;#»/««ication  again  touching  the 
mariage,  but  they  be  soo  precise  to  haue  our  doughter  whom 
I  assure  you  the  king^r  MazVvrte  estemeth  as  she  is  worthie, 
and  to  shewe  no  pointe  of  Freendeship  for  it,  that  I  cannot 
tel  what  I  shuld  saye  to  their  faoon  of  preceding,  if  it  take 
not  effecte  the  fault  shall  not  be  in  his  highnes  but  on  that 
side.  For  we  haue  desired  nothing  but  that  whiche  as 
tliemptrour  may  doo,  w*t//out  breache  of  his  \eages  v/it/t 
the  bisshop  of  Rome.  Soo  if  he  shuld  not  doo  it  (in  cace) 
w/t//out  any  bonde  of  treatie  only  vppon  his  office  being 
a  good  chm/ien  prince,  he  hathe  not  that  synceritie  in  him 
that  I  iudge  to  be  in  his  Matcste.  But  I  trust  all  shal  be  wel. 
Vppon  the  deceass  of  the  quene  whom  god  pardon  tham- 
bassadowrs  made  an  Ouerture  for  the  doughter  of  portingale. 
It  was  thankfully  taken  and  wold  haue  been  moche  better 
taken  if  it  had  com  of  newe  from  Thempmwr  as  it  appered 
they  did  it  by  an  old  commission,  howe  soo  euer  the  matier 
shuld  succede,  the  ouerture  could  not  be  taken  but  very  kindly, 
and  might  worke  many  good  effector  in  other  things.  The 
kingfj  Maieste  is  moche  desirous  to  here  from  you  touching 
the  matier  of  Digneley.  And  thus  Fare  you  most  hartely 
well  From  the  Nete  the  xxixth  of  Nouemb^r 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Postscripta  wheras  in  your  said  last  \etferes  addressed  to 
the  kingcs  Ma/cjte,  you  doo  signifie  in  the  repetio'on  of  your 
conference  \vitA  "Thempcrour  that  the  same  shuld  saye  vnto 
you  vppon  your  ouerture  for  the  mediaczon  of  a  peax  betwen 
him  and  the  Frenche  king,  I  cannot  tel  howe  my  Freendes 
doo  sollicite  me  alwaye  to  peax.  For  diuerse  haue  medled 
in  the  same,  and  whenne  soeuer  my  matiers  goo  any  thing 
darkely  forwarde,  I  here  no  worde  of  mediaabn  of  peax. 
And  nowe  whenne  it  semeth  my  successes  com  suwme  thing 
hansomly  to  passe  I  am  sollicited  to  the  peax  bothe  by  the 
king  your  Maister  and  by  others.  The  kingtt  highnes 
pleasure  is,  that  vppon  the  receipt  herof  taking  yo«r  occasion 
to  entre  a  newe  conference  and  communication  vtttA  thcmpcrour 
you  shal  declare  vnto  him,  that  for  as  moche  as  in  your  late 
discours  w/t/*  his  Ma/V^te,  whiche  you  wrote  vnto  the  kingcs 
highnes,  It  appered  by  the  wordes  expressed,  that  he  thought, 
he  was  solicited  to  the  peax  whenne  his  affaires  went  prosper- 


104  LITTERS   OF  [i 

ously  fonvarde,  and  otherwise  harde  no  mention  of  it.  As 
the  kingfj  Ma/r-rtc  having  no  respecte  to  the  state  of  his 
affaires  at  that  motion  of  it,  but  to  the  good  of  the  thing, 
vppon  the  zeale  he  had  to  bothe  princes,  and  to  the  general 
quiet  and  repose  of  all  chrw/iendom,  made  that  ousrture  like 
a  good  prince  and  an  assured  Freende  to  themprrowr  Soo 
being  sithens  tharrival  of  your  said  lr//rres  adurrtised  of 
thabassement  of  his  affaires  in  Italy,  and  of  the  victories 
of  the  frenche  king,  bothe  in  the  getting  of  the  passage  at 
Zuse,  and  in  the  reenforcing  and  revitailing  of  his  holdes  and 
Fortresses  in  those  parties,  to  declare  howe  moche  his  grace 
tendred  the  bmrfite  of  peax,  and  howe  litle  he  regarded  any 
affection  or  cause  that  might  move  him  to  fauowr  either  thone 
or  thother  parte  more  thenne  becam  a  prince  indifferent,  and 
soo  indifferent  that  knowing  them  both  to  be  princes  of 
honowr  and  his  Dere  Freendes  and  Allyes,  he  could  haue 
been  content  wit/i  his  travail  charge  and  greate  expenses 
to  haue  been  the  meane  to  conveye  them  to  a  quiet,  wherby 
the  effusion  of  chrwtien  bloodde  shuld  haue  been  cxchucd 
Albeit  his  most  noble  vertuous  and  princely  overture  therin 
was  not  soo  lovingly  embraced  as  the  dexteritie  of  the  same 
required  Yet  neuertheles  to  expresse,  that  the  same  preceded 
vppon  the  mynde  and  zeale  declared.  His  Ma/rjte  hath 
cow/maunded  you  eftsones  to  renovel  the  said  Ouerturc  of 
mediae/on  vnto  him,  and  to  desire  him  even  nowe  thoughe  his 
things  be  not  so  prosperous  altogither  as  they  were  to 
signifie  his  resoluc/bn  vnto  you,  whither  he  canne  be  content 
to  cowmytt  the  decision  of  his  matiers  to  his  grace  Arbitre, 
if  the  Frenche  king  woll  for  his  parte  condescende  to  doo  the 
semblable.  And  if  he  woll  therunto  conforme  himself  you 
may  thenne  require  him  for  the  declarac/on  of  his  titles  to 
addresse  vnto  the  kingrj  highnes  suche  a  parsonage  as  shal  be 
liable  sufficiently  to  instructe  his  Ma/V^te  in  the  same  the  same  l 
to  bring  \\  /t//  him  suche  commission  as  he  may  make  suche 
ouertures  for  that  purpose  as  may  be  reasonable,  and  scmcly 
for  that  prince  to  grounde  himself  vppon,  whiche  indifferently 
desirethe  an  honest  ende  betwene  them.  Whcrupon  the 
frenche  king  doing  the  semblable  if  he  woll  agre  to  the  like 
of  this  ouerture  neither  of  them  shal  nedc  to  doubt,  but  his 
Ma/V^te  woll  so  precede  betwene  them  as  neither  partie  shal 
haue  cause  iustly  to  be  grcved.  And  w/'t//  this  maticr  you 
may  also  declare  vnto  him,  howe  thinformac/on  made  that  his 
Orato//rs  here  could  not  haue  audience  in  vi  monethcs  was 
vntruly  surmytted  vnto  him,  as  they  haue  themselfcr  confessed, 
whiche  I  thinke  thay  haue  also  signified  thither  for  the 

1  tit. 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  105 

manifestation  of  the  truth  in  that  behaulf  Tempering  your 
wordes  soo  as  he  may  take  thise  adiuvtisemenk\r  and  overtures 
as  freendely  as  they  be  made  vnto  him.  And  yet  soo 
obsrruyng  him,  in  the  vttering  of  his  answers  therunto,  as 
you  may  sumvhat  desciphre  the  botom  of  his  harte  and 
affection  towards  the  kingcs  Ma/V^te,  if  by  any  wisedom  it 
may  be  drawen  out  of  the  same.  And  thus  Fare  you  again 
most  hartely  wel  From  the  Nete  the  last  of  Nouemb^r 

The  k'mgcs  pleasure  is  that  you  shal  sende  a  spedy  aunswer 
herof,  and  therw/t/*  signifie  suche  occurrantr^  as  haue  happened 
in  those  parties  sithens  the  writing  of  your  last  k//rres 

your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  Freend  sir  Thomas  Wyat 
knight  The  kingcs  majesties  ambassador  resident  wzt/* 
Themperour. 

Endd.  My  lord  privy  sele  in  December  at  barsolona  by 
peter  Rede 

230.  CROMWELL  TO  JOHN  DORAUNT,  ESCHEATOR  IN 
NORTHAMPTON  AND  RUTLAND. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1167.    Dec.  4,  1537. 

Directing  John  Doraunt  to  make  regular  inquiry  into  the  tenements  and 
hereditaments  of  Husey,  lately  attainted  of  high  treason. 

After  my  herty  cowmendaabns  ye  shal  receyue  herein 
enclosed  the  forme  of  thoffice  of  Husey  whiche  the  king^ 
pleasur  is  that  Immediately  vpon  the  sight  herof  ye  shal 
cause  to  be  founde  in  a  due  ordre  and  course  of  the  Lawe 
w*t//out  alteraaon  of  any  worde  in  thesame  Of  all  the  manoirs 
land*\r  tcnemctitfs  &c.  whiche  the  said  Husey  lately  attayntcd 
of  highc  treason  hadd  and  was  scased  of  in  possession  or 
reversion  w/tX/in  the  'Lymytes  of  your  office  at  the  tyme  of  his 
attayndow.  Not  fayling  to  fynyshe  this  mater  w/t//  all 
diligence  and  like  circumspection  and  dexterite  As  ye  tender 
his  Matties  pleasur.  Thus  Fare  ye  hertely  well  From  the 
Nete  this  ivth  of  December  the  xxixth  yerc  of  his  gracrj  most 
noble  Rcgnc 

\our  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  loving  Freend  John  doraunt  off  Ketismer 
the  kingrj  Eschetowr  in  his  gracrj  Counties  of  Norhampton 
and  Rotlawd 

Endd     my  Lorde  pr/vyscale 


106  LETTERS   OF  [1537 

231.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  BISHOP  OF  CHESTER. 

B.  M.  Titus  B.  i,  f.  416  ;   Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1173.    Dec.  5,  1537. 

Requests  him  to  compel  a  company  of  gypsies,  who  having  a  pardon  for 
murder  linger  in  the  realm  and  commit  felonies,  to  depart  from  the 
nearest  seaport  at  the  first  fair  wind  or  if  they  remain  to  see  them 
executed. 

After  my  right  hartie  cowmendac/ons  whereas  the  Kinges 
Maicstie  aboutc  a  twelfmoneth  past  gave  a  pardonne  to 
a  company  of  lewde  prrsonnes  within  this  Realme  calling 
themselves  Gipcyans  for  a  most  Shamfull  and  detestable 
murder  cowmytted  amongrj  them  w/tA  a  special  prouiso 
inserted  by  their  owne  consents  that  onles  they  shuld  all 
avoyde  this  his  graa\r  Realme  by  a  certeyn  daye  long 
sythens  expired  yt  shuld  be  laufull  to  all  his  graces  offycers 
to  hang  them  in  al  places  of  his  Realme  where  they  might 
be  app/rhended  w/V/out  any  further  examynacon  or  tryal 
after  Forme  of  the  lawe  as  in  their  \ettercs  patents  of  the 
said  pardon  is  expressed.  His  grace  hering  tell  that  they 
doo  yet  lynger  here  w*t//in  his  Realme  not  avoyding  the 
same  according  to  his  co;«mandement  and  their  owne  primes 
And  that  albeit  his  poorc  subiectes  be  dayly  spoyled  Robbed 
and  deceyued  by  them,  yet  his  highnes  officers  and  Ministres 
lytle  regarding  their  dieuties  towards  his  Maiestye  do  p«vmyt 
them  to  lynger  and  loyter  in  all  partys  and  to  exercise  all 
their  falshooVj  felonyes  and  treasons  vnpuwnished  hathe 
cowmaundcd  me  to  sygnifyc  vnto  youe  that  his  most  drade 
cowmaundement  is  that  ye  shall  laye  diligent  espiall  thorough 
owte  all  the  partfs  thereaboutes  youc  and  the  Shires  next 
adioynyng  whether  any  of  the  sayd  prrsonnes  calling  them- 
selfes  egipcyans  or  that  hathe  heretofore  called  themselfes 
egipcyans  shall  fortune  to  enter  or  travayl  in  the  same,  And 
in  cace  youe  shalle  here  or  knowe  of  any  suche  be  they  men 
or  women  that  ye  shall  compell  them  to  repair  to  the  next 
porte  of  the  See  to  the  place  where  they  shalbc  taken  and 
eyther  wythout  delaye  vppon  the  first  wynde  that  may 
conveye  them  in  to  any  rxxrte  of  beyond  the  Sees  to  take 
shipping  and  to  passe  in  to  outward  partycs  or  if  they  shall 
in  any  wise  breke  that  cowmaundeme/rt  without  any  tract 
to  see  them  executed  according  to  the  king«  hieghnes  sayd 
1/7/rres  patentrj  Remaynyng  of  Recorde  in  his  Chauncery 
which  with  these  shalbc  yo«r  discharge  in  that  behaulf  Not 
fayling  taccomplishc  the  tcnowr  hereof  with  all  effect  and 
diligence  wit//out  sparing  vppon  any  Cowmyssion  licence  or 
placardc  that  they  may  shewc  or  aledge  for  themselfes  to  the 
contrary  as  ye  tender  his  graces  pleaswr  which  also  ys  that 
youe  shall  gyve  notyce  to  all  the  Justices  of  peax  in  that 


1537]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  107 

Countye  where  youe  resyde  and  the  Shires  adioynant  that 
they  may  accomplishe  the  tenour  hereof  accordingly  Thus 
Fare  ye  hertelywel  From  the  Neate  the  vth  day  of  December 
the  xxixth  yen:  of  his  Ma/V^ties  mostnoble  Regne. 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  verve  goode  Lorde  my  Lorde  of  Chestre 
president  of  the  counsaile  of  the  Marches  of  wales 

Endd.  December  v°  My  lord  hys  L*7/rre  to  the  consaill 
off  wallys.  29  H.  8. 

232.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  IRISH  COMMISSIONERS). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1189.    Dec.  10,  1537. 

Instructions  for  dealing  with  the  traitor  Bryan  O'Conor,  and  with  the 
claim  of  James  Fitzjohn  of  Desmond.  They  are  to  inform  the  King 
of  all  matters  requiring  reform. 

After  my  Right  herty  commendac/ons  ye  Shalbe  adurrtesed 
that  I  haue  Receyued  your  letters  datyd  the  xvth  day  of 
Novembre  last  passed  the  hole  Effect  &  tenor  wherof  I  haue 
Fully  &  entyerly  declared  vnto  the  kingly  mageste  whoze 
grace  for  aunsrr  therunto  Furst  hathe  &  takyth  your  godc 
diligens  &  dexterite  vsed  aswell  in  the  Surveying  of  his 
landes  &  setting  furthe  of  his  graces  affayers  in  the  p^rlement 
ther  as  also  in  other  things  construing  your  charge  & 
Comission  veray  acceptably  &  to  his  greate  Contentment 
&  satisfacc/on  of  mynde  geving  vnto  you  for  the  same  Right 
harty  &  condignc  thankrj.  And  as  touching  the  Rebellious 
attemptates  of  that  traytor  Bryan  Oconor  hys  mageste  moche 
mervelyth  that  he  coude  \vit/i  his  deceytflfull  Submission  & 
wyly  wordrj  so  invcgulle  &  Blynde  his  graces  Deputie  &  som 
other  of  the  counsel  ther  as  to  geve  any  Credanes  (to)  or 
any  wise  trust  Suche  a  traytowr  or  beloue  that  he  wold  be 
true  to  his  maicste  that  So  trayterously  vsed  hym  self  oftc 
tymes  afore  agenst  his  grace  Brekyng  &  violating  the  Feythc 
&  truthe  of  alege^uns  he  ought  to  his  highncs  our  Soueraign 
&  naturall  prince.  Albeit  his  grace  Doubteth  not  but  for 
Suche  F0rce  &  pusans  as  you  wryte  his  said  depute  by  the 
advice  of  the  counsel  hathe  levyd  &  Sett  Furthe  for  Repress- 
ing &  Exiling  the  said  traytor  bryan  oconor  (you)  schal 
cassely  ouercome  &  ourrthrowall  his  graces  Rebellys  &  pouer 
contrary  ther  and  Redube  the  attempt  of  his  malyce.  Yett 
neu<vtheles  his  magestes  pleasur  (is)  that  vising  your 
tftortcs  Ernestly  aswell  in  this  as  in  other  pointer  of  your 
charche  &  comission  (you)  schalbe  playne  wii/i  the  said 


108  LETTERS  OF  [1537 

depute  &  declare  vnto  hym  his  inconsiderat  &  neclegent 
oikrsight  to  Suffer  hym  self  to  be  thus  begyled  &  traped  by 
the  deceptffull  Submiss&w  paynted  wordrj  &  promyses  of  so 
arraunt  a  Rebell  as  after  his  person  was  in  place  Surely 
&  Savely  to  be  kept  yet  to  suffer  hym  to  be  so  orderyd  that 
he  might  at  his  pleasur  Evade  Stert  &  stele  away  to  do 
suche  myschenVj.  So  that  by  the  meane  of  yowr  gode 
monyc/bn  &  warnyng  on  his  magestes  behalf  the  said  depute 
&  the  Rest  of  his  gracrj  councell  ther  may  be  more  circom- 
spect  &  in  tymes  Coming  be  better  aduised  how  to  deale 
&  obserue  wit//  astraihgter  order  and  keping  personage  of 
Suche  disposicibn  when  the  case  Shall  Require.  Farther  his 
gracyous  pleasur  is  that  for  asmoche  as  it  may  be  thought 
the  said  Brian  Oconor  without  Som  Suport  of  other  that 
Encoraged  hym  wold  not  haue  attempted  Suche  a  trayterous 
invasion  you  Shall  enploy  your  lyke  diligens  dexteryte  & 
polecy  to  try  out  &  enquyre  all  maner  persons  that  in  the 
same  attemptat  had  any  enteligens  or  Secret  practyse  witA 
hym  or  in  any  wyse  gaue  vnto  hym  any  Succour  help 
assistens  or  comfort  or  by  ther  playne  &  manyfest  wynkyng 
at  his  preparac/bns  &  doings  encoraged  hym  to  be  the 
bolder  to  take  on  hym  Suche  temeryte  So  that  by  yowr  gode 
cncerchement  &  inquesicibn  the  truthe  may  be  knoen  &  the 
disposic/ons  of  mens  harto  ther  disclosed  &  openyd  to 
thentent  his  mageste  adurrtesed  therof  schall  so  provide  for 
the  same  as  other  shall  haue  no  Suche  occasion  gevyn  nor  do 
the  lyke  dyspleasur  in  tyme  comyng. 

Consuming  Jamys  Fitz  John  clayming  hymself  Erie  of  Dcst- 
mond  whose  articles  of  Submissnw  you  haue  haue !  in  a  Copye 
Sent  to  me  inclosed  w/t//in  yowr  Said  lr//rres  his  highnes 
wyllith  that  (you)  shall  procede  to  intreate  wit//  hym  vpon 
thoze  articles  &  assay  to  gett  his  open  assent  &  true  Sub- 
mission to  that  &  Suche  other  as  you  may  chaunce  therwit// 
to  thinke  most  Expedient  &  necesery  Ewr  putting  hym  in 
gode  hope  of  the  kingrj  benygne  Fauor  largely  to  be 
Extendyd  vpon  hym  when  his  magestie  schall  prrceyue  his 
gode  disposic/on  &  fcythffull  inclynacibn  so  to  haue  Submytted 
hym.  And  so  procede  wit//  (him)  vnto  the  very  knott  of 
the  hole  conclusion  wherof  in  all  diligens  possible  you  Shall 
incontynently  adurrtes  his  ma;<\rtc  by  whoze  speciall  advice 
and  pleasur  to  be  declared  vnto  you  Acordingly  the  hole 
mater  may  be  knytt  vp  &  concluded  as  Shall  by  his  highnes 
(be)  thought  most  Resonable  &  convenyent  And  wher  the 
said  Jamys  fitz  John  Alegyth  bothe  Bastardy  &  trayson 
agcnst  agenst '  Jamys  fitz  morys  the  kingrj  pleasur  is  you  Shall 


xr<r. 


THOMAS   CROMWELL  109 

precysely  (declare)  thartycles  &  poynt<\r  of  the  said  trayson 
&  wryte  what  Evydens  he  can  Geve  bothe  of  the  same  &  of 
the  bastardy  declaryng  vnto  hym  that  in  (case)  he  Shall 
Frankly  Remytt  his  maters  to  his  graces  arbytrement  he  may 
be  assured  his  matcste  schall  take  away  no  parte  of  hys  Just 
Right  &  title  from  hym  if  he  Shall  Justeffy  the  same 
Anything  as  aprrteyned  but  Shall  otherwise  so  order  hym 
lyke  his  benigne  &  most  gracious  Sourraigne  lorde  as  he 
&  his  posteryte  schall  haue  gode  cause  to  pray  for  hym 
&  thinke  them  selfrj  happy  of  ther  Reconcyliac/on  to  ther 
true  &  bounden  obedie//s  and  Subiecczbn  of  his  mat'csic 
Fynally  wher(as)  you  wryte  that  in  your  preceding^  you 
haue  pmreyued  diuers  things  worthy  Reformaobn  moche 
tedious  to  be  wryten  his  highnes  pleasur  is  that  notwith- 
standing any  prolixitie  or  tediousnes  you  shall  afor  yo//r 
comyng  wj't//  all  possible  celeryte  adurrtes  his  grace  ampley 
&  largely  of  the  same  to  thentent  that  if  any  Require  your 
dexterite  or  the  sending  of  any  comissioners  thider  you  may 
at  your  now  being  ther  Reforme  it  afore  your  comyng  & 
Retorne  as  muche  as  muche '  as  schalbe  necesary  wherfor  Fayle 
you  not  in  gude  diligens  to  sende  Full  adurrtesment  therof 
in  wryting.  Praying  you  to  adu^rtes  me  From  tyme  to  tyme 
of  allmaner  occurrant^j  ther  &  to  vse  celeryte  in  Adurrtesing 
his  ma*V.rte  of  all  the  premisses  and  Fulffylling  of  the  Rest 
of  your  Comission  &  charge  ther  &  then  Shall  I  gett  his 
graces  leue  &  pleasur  for  your  Retorne  nether  accordingly 
Thus  fare  you  hartely  well  from  the  Kingcs  manor  of  Otlande 
this  Xth  of  decembre  the  xxixth  yere  of  his  graces  most 
prosperous  Reigne 

Your  loving  frende 

THOMAS  CROMWELL 
In  the  margin:  Copy 

233.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LEONARD  GREY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1207.    Dec.  13  (1537). 
He  is  to  have  Brian  O'Conor  hanged  as  an  example  to  all  traitors. 

To  the  lorde  deputye. 

After  my  Right  Hertye  Cowmendao'ons  to  your  Lordshyp. 
where  as  by  this  Berer  your  seruaunt  I  Receyued  certen 
Lr//rres  from  youe  the  Contents  wherof  Requyreing  none 
Aunswer  to  be  at  the  Leaste  spedely  dyspaccheyd  I  wyllyd 
him  to  Remayne  heere  tyll  a  Ferther  oportunytye  of  wryteing 
thyder  occurre.  And  the  same  being  nowe  hapencd  by  the 

1  sic. 


110  LETTERS  OF 

AdiuTtysement  of  Ochonnowr  nowe  enterpryscing,  yt  was 
thought  nieate  that  a  post  shulde  be  dyspaccheyd  w/t/* 
dylygence,  whiche  partc  he  shulde  haue  furnysheyd  yf  it  hadde 
not  byn  his  Chaunce  to  haue  byn  Absent  Nowe  being  desyrous 
to  Retorne  vnto  you  I  thought  Convenyent  aswell  to  wryte  this 
for  his  Excuse  in  his  long  Abode,  as  to  Aduyse  you  eftsones 
to  handle  that  mattier  of  Ochonnors  \v/t//  suche a  dexteryte  as 
he  may  be  haungeyd  vpon  the  Terryble  examplle  of  all  suche 
Traytours.  The  Expulsyon  of  hym  was  taken  very  well  but 
the  px'rmyssyon  of  hym  to  haue  suchc  a  Scope  to  worke  mys- 
chyflfo  at  his  pleaswr  as  no  dought  he  must  nedes  be  Re- 
mayneing  in  dyspayre  of  Restytuc/bn  was  neyther  wysedom 
nor  yett  goode  p/rsydent  Redubbe  yt  my  lord  in  the  Just 
punyshmr///  of  his  Traytours  Carkas.  And  Lette  his  Treason 
be  A  warneing  to  youe  and  to  all  that  shalle  haue  to  doo  for 
the  kingrj  magestye  ther  neurr  to  trust  Trayto//r  after  but  to 
vse  theym  wit//oute  tracte  after  theyr  demerytes.  And  this 
fare  you  hartyly  well  From  Otelandtt  the  xiii  daye  of  Decembre. 

Yo;/r  lordshyppes  assureyd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

234.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  223  ;    Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1264.     Dec.  26  (1537). 

Urges  him  to  use  all  his  dexterity  in  treating  with  the  princes.    The  King 
is  more  willing  than  ever  to  become  fully  reconciled  to  the  Emperor. 

Maister  Wiat  aftrc  my  right  harty  co;«mendac/ons  By  this 
berer  you  shall  recey ve  the  kingfs  highnes  l<7/!f  res  witA  a  cow- 
mission  whcrby  you  be  auctorised  to  treate  cowmen  and 
conclude  w/t/*  those  princes  for  his  graces  partc,  as  by  the 
said  li-/ feres  is  limited.  Nowe  vse  yowr  wisedom  to  set- 
furthe  the  contents  of  the  said  \effercs  vritA  suche  a  dextcritie 
as  thcffecte  desired  may  ensue  of  the  same,  there  was  neuer  a 
better  inclynac/on  in  the  kingrj  Ma/Vjtc  both  to  forget  all 
things  passed,  to  entre  a  prrfite  rcconsiliac/on,  and  to  doo  in 
all  thingrj  that  may  turne  to  Thempmwrs  honowr  or  com- 
moditic,  asmoche  as  canne  be  reasonably  desired  of  him, 
thennc  there  is  at  this  present,  if  Thcmprrowr  woll  nowe  shcwe 
himself  to  esteme  his  highnes  as  he  p/rtcndcth,  and  specially 
in  folowing  of  his  graces  aduise  in  the  maticr  of  the  counsail 
all  things  I  doubt  not  shall  soo  succede  betwene  them,  as  shal 
be  to  godckr  glory,  to  both  their  honours  and  to  the  greate 
good  and  quiet  of  Christendom  we  shal  desire  moche  to  here 
from  you,  and  therfor  whenne  you  shalbe  hable  to  write  any 
ccrtaintie,  either  vppon  Thempmw/rs  assured  promise  or  vppon 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  111 

any  certain  conclusion,  scnde  wit//  diligence.  And  thus  Fare 
you  moost  hartely  wel  From  London  the  xxvi111  of  December 

"Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  myn  Assured  loving  Freende  Sir  Thomas  Wiat 
knight  the  kingrj  Ambassador  with  Themperour. 

Endd.  My  lord  pr/vi  sele  in  January  by  mr.  mason  at 
barsolona. 

235.   CROMWELL  TO  JOHN  VACHELL  AND  SERGEANT 
CIIALCOTT  l. 

B.  M.  Titus  B.  i,  f.  183 ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  7.    Dec.  29  (1537). 

Informs  them  that  the  King's  pleasure  is  that  Thomas  Hind,  Boxworth, 
and  other  originators  of  certain  false  rumours  be  punished. 

This  ys  the  Copy  of  the  kyngcs  pleasure  declared  by  my 
lord  p/-/uy  scales  letter  to  yowe  &  me  delyverd  at  grene- 
wyche,  w/t//  the  preamble  left  on  wrytton 

Hie  incipit  And  for  aunswer  his  maiestie  hath  Com- 

maunded  me  to  signefie  vnto  yowe  that  his  pleasure  is,  yowe 
shall  accordyng  to  the  purporte  &  tenowr  of  his  seyd  letters 
dyrected  vnto  yowe  touchyng  that  matter,  cause  suche  other 
of  the  pryncipall  Inventors  and  bruters  of  the  same  to  be 
dulye  ponnysshed,  And  specially  Thomas  Hynd,  And  Box- 
worthe  the  Almesse  man  of  Donyngton  And  Further  that 
yowe  shall  contynewe  yowr  vigylancie  to  Harken  whether 
any  moo  of  that  sorte  wyll  spryng  in  those  parties,  and  in 
Case  any  suche  chaunce  to  insurge,  to  endevowr  your  selfes 
tapprehende  them,  And  to  see  the  same  condignely  ponnysshed 
after  the  same  sorte  that  in  this  affeyre  is  prescribed  vnto 
yowe,  yo//r  paynes  wherin  double  yowe  not,  shalbe  con- 
sjderyd  Accordynglye,  wrytton  the  xxix  of  december. 

236.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  BISHOP  OF  >. 

B.  M.  Cleop.  E.  iv,  f.  7,  and  Cleop.  E.  v,  f.  302  ;   Cal.  x.  46,  and  Ca!.  xiii. 
(1)40.    Jan.  7  <I538> «. 

Exhorts  him  on  the  King's  behalf  to  take  care  that  the  people  be  taught 
the  truth  by  the  preachers,  and  that  novelties  and  contradictions  be 
avoided. 

After  my  rieght  hartey  commendations  to  your  lordshipp, 
ye  shall  herwit//  receive  the  kingrj  hieghnes  k/fcres  addressed 

1  Quoted  in  a  letter  from  Va-  *  This  document  is  a  circular 
chell  to  Chalcott  of  Jan.  I,  1538.  letter,  of  which  two  copies  exist, 


112  LETTERS   OF  [1538 

vnto  you  to  put  you  in  remembraunce  of  his  hicghnes 
travaellrj  and  yo//r  dieuty  tochinge  ordre  to  be  taken  for 
preachinge,  to  thintente  the  people  maie  be  taught  the  truthe, 
and  yet  not  charged  at  the  begynnynge  wit//  ouer  manney 
Nouelties,  the  publication  wherof  onles  the  same  be  tempered 
and  quallified  w/t/i  moche  wisdome  doo  rather  brede  con- 
tention Deuision  and  contrarietey  in  opinion  in  the  vnlerncd 
multitude,  then  either  edifie,  or  remove  from  them  and  outc 
of  their  hartes  suche  abuses  as  by  the  corrupte  and  vnsauery 
teaching  of  the  bishoppe  of  Rome,  and  his  disciples  haue 
crept  in  the  same,  theffecte  of  whiche  IrM-res,  albeit  I  double 
not  but  as  well  for  the  honestie  of  the  matter  as  for  yo//r 
oune  discharge  ye  will  so  considre  ande  put  in  execution,  as 
shalbe  to  his  graceis  satisfactione  in  that  behaulf,  yet  Foras- 
moche  as  it  hathe  pleased  his  maiestie  tappointe  and  constitute 
me  in  the  Rome  and  place  of  his  supreme  and  principal! 
mynistre  in  all  matiers  that  maie  toche  aney  thinge  his 
clergie,  or  their  doings,  I  thought  it  allso  my  parte  for  the 
exoneracion  of  my  dieutey  towards  his  hieghnes  and  the 
rather  to  aunswer  to  his  graces  expectac/on  opinion  and 
truste  conceived  in  me,  and  in  that  amonges  other  committed 
to  my  fidellitie,  to  desire  and  praie  you  in  suche  substaunciall 
sorte  and  manner  to  travell  in  thexecution  of  the  contentes  of 
his  graces  saicd  W/rres,  nameli  for  advoidinge  of  contrarietic 
in  preachinge  of  the  pronunciation  of  Novellties  withoute 
wise  and  discrite  qualification,  and  the  repression  of  the 
temeritey  of  those  that  eyther  prively  or  apertly  dyrectly  or 
indirectli  wold  advaunce  the  pretendyd  aucthoritie  of  the 
bishop  of  Rome.  As  I  be  nott  for  my  discharge  bothe  en- 
forced to  complaine  further,  and  to  declare  what  I  haue  now 
written  vnto  you  for  that  purpose  and  soo  to  charge  you  w/'t// 
your  oune  faulte  and  to  deuise  suche  remedy  for  the  same 
as  shall  app^rteigne,  desiringe  yo//r  Lordship  taccepte  my 
meanynge  herin  tcndingc  onli  to  an  honest  frecndli  and 
chr/j//en  reformation  for  advoidi'/ge  of  further  inconvenience, 
and  to  thinke  non  vnkindnes  thoughe  in  this  matier  wherin  it 
is  all  mooste  moorc  then  tyme  to  speake,  I  write  frankli  com- 
pelled and  enforced  therunto  bothe  in  respecte  of  my  private 
dieutie,  and  otherwise  for  my  discharge  forasmuche  as  it 
pleasithe  his  maiestie  to  vse  me  in  the  lieu  of  A  counsellor. 
Whose  office  is  as  an  eye  to  the  prince  to  forsee  and  in  tymc 
to  prouyde  remedy  for  suche  abuses  enormyties  and  incon- 
venience as  myeght  elks  wythe  A  litle  sufferaunce  cngcndrc 

and  which  is  calendared  twice  (in  bable  that  it  belongs  to  the  year 
vo!s.  x  and  xiii).  It  seems  pro-  1538  rather  than  to  1536. 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  113 

moore  yvell  in  his  publique  weale,  then  could  be  after  re- 
doubbcd  vfit/i  moche  labor  study  diligence  and  travaill  And 
thus  most  hartely  fare  youe  well.  From  the  Roulles  the 
viith  of  January. 

Your  lordshippis  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
237.  (CROMWELL)  TO . 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  105.    Jan.  19  (1538). 

Desires  the  recipient  to  obtain  for  John  Point  the  mastership  of  the  free 
school  of  Week  St.  Mary  in  Cornwall. 

Right  welbelouyd  I  recommende  me  vnto  you  and  whereas 
I  am  Inform  yd  that  ye  ar  assigned  patron  and  pryncypall 
ruler  of  the  fre  schole  of  saynct  marye  wyke  In  the  edge  of 
Cornewall  by  the  foundres  thereof  my  Ladye  p^rcyvall 
deceasyd,  I  shall  desyer  you  to  vse  your  good  mynde  and 
will  to  the  prefermewt  of  on  Jhon  poynt  a  graduat  of  the 
vnyversyte  Lawfull  as  I  am  credebylly  Informyd  and 
sutfycyent  for  the  rome  also  accustomyd  to  bryng  up  yowthe, 
that  at  the  next  vacatyon  after  Mr.  Roo  now  there  beyng, 
he  may  be  put  therein  scholemaster  at  thys  my  request  And 
at  the  sight  of  these  my  Letters  so  to  vse  hym  herein  that  he 
may  report  to  me  agayne  of  your  Jentyllnes  towards  hym 
In  thys  behalfe.  Thys  Jesus  preserue  you  wrytten  at  the 
Rowles  the  19  day  of  Januarye 

238.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282, ff.  167  and  159;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  355.     Feb.  II  (1538). 

The  King  is  so  desirous  to  show  himself  friendly  to  the  Emperor,  that  he 
is  willing  to  marry  his  three  children  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  and  to 
aid  Charles  against  the  Turk. 

Master  Wyat  This  shall  be  tad[u]ertyse  yow  that  the  kyng 
having  sene  and  perused  your  Wteres  of  the  eighteneth  of 
th[e]  last  monethe  addressed  to  me,  dothe  thankfully  accept 
thempmwrs  gratuyte,  in  the  same  declared  .  towa[rds]  hym, 
and  conseideryng  how  the  matier  of  peax  betwene  themprf- 
[our]  and  the  frenche  kyng  is  not  concluded  for  a  declaration 
bothe  of  his  zeale  to  the  quiete  in  Christendom,  and  of 
a  Juste  Correspondence]  of  kyndness  ageyne  towards 
thempero//r  if  the  same1  cowlde  be  content  to  cowmitt  the 
manying  of  the  peace  to  his  mageatye(s)  wise  and  resonable 
ordre  for  the  duchie  of  Mil  Ian  refusing  the  bishopp  of  romes 

1  f.  o.  amycall 


MERRIMAN.    It 


114  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

meane  therein  who  can  be  no  meate  arbiter  for  that  purpos 
aswell  for  that  he  pretcndith  for  interest  in  parte  of  Millan 
as  in  parme  and  placcnce,  as  for  that  there  is  great  lykelyod 
that  in  the  doing  of  itt  he  will  follow  the  steppis  of  his 
predecessor  who  in  suche  caces  hath  ever  vsid  to  worcke 
theyre  owne  benefyte  and  establisshement  whatsoever  shuld 
succede  of  the  rest,  the  kingfj  Ma[ieste]  wold  I  doubt  not 
but  go  through  out  of  hande  w*t/x  the  mariage  of  my  lady 
Marys  grace  and  coople  his  only  sonnc  the  prin[cc]  w*t>i 
themrwro//rs  doughter  born  or  to  be  born  of  yeres  mete  for 
hi[m]  -with  bonde  that  he  shall  at  the  yeres  of  consent  take 
her  to  mariage,  and  further  allso  ioyne  our  other  doughter,  the 
lady  Elizabeth  in  mariage  -with  oon  of  kyng  ferdinandos  sons 
limitting  such  dotes  as  shuld  be  mete  for  his  graces  doughtcrs 
and  over  and  above  this  I  am  assured  that  the  kingr s  Ma[ieste] 
woll  gyve  suche  Ayde  to  thempmv/r  in  any  expedicion  to  be 
made  agaynst  the  greate  turke  as  shal  be  greatly  to  his 
advantage  so  he  will  open  his  purpos  therin,  and  reasonably 
demaunde  towardes  the  same,  this  I  thought  convenient  to 
write  vntoyou  thai  you  may  of  yourself  declare  to  themprrowr 
what  lykelyode  ye  haue  from  me  and  other  your  frendry  here 
that  there  shall  ensue  a  most  firme  knot  betwene  the  king^r 
Ma[ieste]  and  him  and  advertise  agayne  how  ye  shall  finde 
him  disposed  in  that  behaulf.  Mr.  Wiat  I  prrceyve  yowr 
credence  there  is  good  kepe  it,  well,  it  may  turne  to  yowr 
cowmoditie  Thus  Fare  you  hartely  well  From  the  Courte 
being  at  Westminster  the  xith  of  February  l 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  myn  Assured  loving  Frecnde  sir  Thomas  Wiat 
knight  the  binges  highnes  Ambassadowr  w/'t/*  Themprrowr 

Endd.  My  lord  privi  sele  of  the  xi  of  february  received  by 
franscisco  the  xxiiij  of  the  same  in  barsolona 

239.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  HarL  MSS.  282,  f.  163;  Cal.  xiil  (i)  256.    Feb.  n  0538). 
Informs  him  that  his  doings  are  all  approved  of  at  Court 

Maistcr  Wiat  aftre  my  right  harty  cowmcndac/ons  thise 
shalbc  tadurrtise  you  that  having  thoportunytie  of  this 
Currowr  Albeit  I  haue  no  matiers  of  importance  to  signifie 

1  Except  for  the  signature,  ad-  tence,  this  letter  is  written  in 
dress,  endorsement,  and  last  sen-  cipher. 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  115 

vnto  you  more  thenne  touching  yourself  be  conteyned  in 
a  scedule  herin  enclosed  conteyning  certain  things  to  be  dis- 
creately  wayed  for  your  oune  fo-n^fete  yet  among^j  those 
your  oune  matiers  I  thought  convenient  to  intymate  that  Al 
your  doings  be  taken  in  good  parte  and  that  the  king«- 
Maieste  is  soo  good  and  gracious  lorde  vnto  you,  as  I  trust 
you  shall  by  some  effector  shortly  perceyve  good  arguments 
of  the  same.  Thus  fare  you  hartely  well  From  Westminster 
the  xi*  of  February 

Your  louyng  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  myn  Assured  loving  freende  Sir  Thomas  Wiat 
Knight  the  kingcs  Ambassador  with  Themprro«r 

240.   CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  286;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  280.    Feb.  15,  1538. 

Assures  him  of  the  King's  goodwill.    The  bearer  is  to  go  on  to  Wyatt, 
and  will  see  Gardiner  on  his  return. 

After  my  right  hartye  cowmendaczbns  to  your  lordshipp 
Forasmoche  as  I  knowe  right  well  that  ye  wyll  ernestly  em- 
ploye your  good  dexteryte  to  set  furthe  the  contents  of  the 
kinges  hieghnes  Le/fcres  which  ye  shall  Receyve  at  this  tyme 
as  yn  the  lyke  ye  haue  ever  accustumed,  I  haue  thought  by 
these  presentcs  onely  to  aduertys  youe  that  Albeyt  his  hieghnes 
maketh  in  the  same  a  Longer  Rehersall  and  discourse  of  his 
matyers  thenne  pmrace  (you)  shall  thinke  to  haue  been 
necessary  and  rather  wrytteth  to  note  and  ympute  vnto  youe 
some  obliuion  or  forgetfulnes  then  for  anny  greate  conse- 
quence that  may  folowe  of  the  same,  yet  neuertheles  ye  may 
be  assuered  that  his  Maiestye  berethe  no  suche  displeaswr^ 
vnto  youe  nor  entendeth  to  impute  vnto  you  thereby  suche 
slaknes  as  the  discourse  seanrethe  to  emplye  knowing  and 
waying  your  truthe,  fydelyte  and  effectuell  good  wyll  and 
deuoc/on  to  his  Maiestye  and  his  affaires,  But  rather  his 
hieghnes  thinkethe  ye  shall  thereby  vnderstande  that  he 
kepethe  in  memorye  and  Rememberaunce  an  accompte  of  his 
afifayres  and  the  hole  trayne  thereof,  by  reason  of  the  which 
his  grace  signifieth  vnto  youe  that  ye  shal  doo  the  lyke  to 
thentcnt  ye  may  be  alwayes  the  more  redy  and  the  better 
prepared  to  make  suche  aunswere  to  every  poynt  thereof  as 
may  be  to  the  Furtheraunce  of  his  matyers  of  Importaunce 
Whenne  the  cace  shall  soo  Require.  Therefore  I  Pray  you  to 
take  his  grac^j  meanyng  non  otherwyse  thenne  soo  Nothing 

I  2 


116  LETTERS  OF  [1538 


doubting  of  the  contynuauncc  of  his  favour  towardes  you, 
no  lesse  Respect  and  consyderatyon  to  be  had  thereof  to  your 
comfort  and  consolac/on  yn  tyme  cuwmyng  thenne  your  good 
merytes  doo  des/rue  This  berer  ys  payed  for  his  post  bothe 
going  and  cuwmyng  and  ys  directed  thorough  to  Mr.  Wyat 
and  soo  to  Return  by  youe  at  his  cummyng  home,  yf  the 
Ifttftcs  lately  sent  to  Mr.  Wyat  by  Barnaby  shall  not  be 
gonne  before  his  arryvall  youe  may  dispeche  them  also  by 
hym  w/tAout  Further  chardge,  And  thus  Fare  ye  hertely  wel 
From  Saynt  James  bcsydes  Westm/'/w/rr  the  XVth  day  of 
February 

Your  lordshippis  assurydlye 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Maister  Parys  at  his  cuwmyng  to  your  lordship  shall  bring 
him  yo;/r  horses  a«d  also  yowr  sf  mantes  who  be  staye(d) 
by  expresse  cowa«dew^«t  for  the  more  hasty  spede  to  be 
made  whiche  the  currowr  canne  bettre  endure  thenne  any  of 
that  sorte 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  Lord  my  Lorde  of  Winchestre 
the  king«  Ambassador/r  Resident  in  Fraunce 

Eiidd.    Lorde  Pr/vaye  Seal  From  Saint  James  15  Feb.  29°. 
241.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  173  ;  CaL  xiii.  (i)  330.    Feb.  22  (1538). 

The  King's  letters  will  answer  his  and  inform  him  of  the  news  here. 
Begs  him  to  continue  diligent  and  watchful.  Promises  to  attend  to 
his  allowance. 

After  my  right  hartye  cowmendac/ons  Forasmoche  as  by 
the  l*7/rres  which  the  kinges  Maiestie  sendeth  vnto  you  at 
this  tyme  ye  shall  bothe  pmreyve  the  Receipt  of  suche  your 
\etteres  as  be  hetherto  arryved  here  and  his  graces  answere 
thereto,  wyth  the  hole  discourse  of  the  newes  and  affaires  here, 
Albeit  I  doubt  not  but  ye  woll  vse  suche  good  diligence  in 
fulfylling  his  highnes  pleasure  in  the  same  as  ye  haue  accus- 
tumed  yet  I  haue  thought  to  desier  and  pray  you  at  this  tyme 
no  lesse  dylygently  to  employe  your  ernest  dexteryte  but 
rather  asmoche  as  in  you  shall  lye  to  sett  furthe  and  so 
conduce  thaffayres  as  thereby  may  folowe  his  MauMties  good 
purpos  Merking  and  noting  in  suche  wise  the  dyscourses 
procedinges  and  coww//«icatyons  to  be  had  there  their  coif- 
tynuaunce  fasshyon  and  vehemence  wi'tA  the  very  woord^r 
and  aunswers  as  by  the  same  the  certaintie  of  thinges  to  ensue 
may  be  conicctcd  and  knowen  And  as  ye  haue  right  well  doon 


1538]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  117 

heretofore  moche  to  his  grac^r  contentme«t  and  satisfacczbn 
Soo  ye  shall  according  to  his  good  Expectaczbn  by  your 
Ictteres  wttA  all  possible  celerytie  aduertys  his  hieghnes  entierly 
of  your  hoole  preceding^  and  conferences  there  and  of  the 
circumstaunces  thereof  togeder  vrttA  all  occurrence  Assuring 
youe  that  his  Maieste  taketh  your  good  s^ruice  in  soo  thank- 
full  p#rte  as  I  trust  his  grace  woll  shortely  declare  his  thankfull 
acceptaczbn  and  p^rfyt  Rememberaunce  thereof  to  your  no 
litle  comfort  And  as  concernyng  thadvauncement  of  your 
dietter  I  shall  travail  for  the  newe  Signature  of  your  warraunt 
for  the  same  as  sone  as  any  oportunyte  shall  occurre  for  the 
same.  This  berer  ys  payed  bothe  for  his  Jorneye  hether  and 
for  his  Returne  agayn  which  I  trust  shal  be  wz't^  diligence 
And  thus  Fare  ye  hertelywell  From  St.  James  besydes 
Westmi«j/^r  the  xxij  day  of  February. 

Your  assured  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
I  praye  yow  trewlye  to  answer  my  last  \etteres 

Add.  To  myn  assuered  Loving  frende  S/>  Thomas 
Wiat  knight  the  kinges  Ambassador  resydent  in  the 
Emprrours  cowrte 

Endd.  My  lord  przvi  sele  the  xxii  of  february  re[ceived] 
by  rede  the  iiid  of  Marche  in  barsolona. 

242.   CROMWELL  TO  PETER  MEWTAS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  203.     (February,  1538.) 

Instructs  him  to  visit  Madame  de  Longueville,  to  discover  if  she  is  willing 
to  become  the  wife  of  the  King,  and  if  so  to  obtain  her  portrait. 

Instructions  given  to  peter  M.  oon^  of  the  gent  etc. 

First  the  said  peter  tak/«g  with  him  this  Instruction  shall 
with  all  convenient  diligence  addresse  himself  in  to  fraunce 
and  soo  to  the  place  where  it  shal  chaunce  Madame  de1  L.  to 
Lye  at  And  at  his  Arryval  there  he  shall  make  vnto  the  same 
most  harty  a«d  effectuel  comwendaobns  from  me  the  lord 
privy  scale  -wi\h  semblable  thanks  that  it  pleased  her  p^rtely 
at  my  contemplac/bn  to  entretayn  the  said  peter  at  his  Late 
being  there  in  soo  honorable  a  sorte  as  she  did.  And  thenne 
he  shal  declare  vnto  her  that  he  is  nowe  sent  vnto  her 
expressely  from  me  the  said  lord  privy  scale  to  intymate  a«d 
signifie,  that  Albeit  at  his  said  Late  being  witA  her  it  appered 

1  c.  o.  Long. 


118  LETTERS   OF  [1538 

vnto  him  by  her  wordrj  and  coww//«ication  that  she  was  Free 
a«d  at  libertic  from  all  contracte  or  consent  of  manage,  whiche 
at  his  cumwyng  home  he  declared  as  nighe  as  he  could  w/'tA 
the  same  wordrj  she  spake  vnto  him,  Wherupon  I  the  said  lord 
privy  seale  vppon  the  good  affection  whiche  I  here  towards 
her  for  her  vertues  wisedome  and  noblesse  purposed  to  haue 
setfurthc  some  ourrture  of  manage  for  her  to  the  king« 
Majrrte  my  maister  a«d  most  drad  Soturaign  lorde,  yet 
forasmoche  as  it  is  nowe  signified  to  his  highnes  that  the  king 
of  Scottrj  hathe  sithens  that  tyme  of  the  said  peters  being 
w/'tA  her  folowed  his  purpose  a«d  desire  therin  very  crnestly 
in  somoche  as  her  oune  father  shuld  be  com^  downe '  for  the 
driving  of  a  conclusion  in  the  same,  And  further  that  the  said 
king  of  Scotter8  is  determyned  very  shortly  in  secret  maner  to 
repair  thither  for  the  p^rfite  finishing  solemnizaobn  and  co»- 
sim/mation  of  it ;  being  perplexed  vppon  thise  newes  what  it 
shuld  be  best  for  me  to  doo,  whither  to  desist  from  myn  entent 
ajid  pwrpose  ;  Or  to  kepe  the  same  in  a  suspence  tyl  I  might 
knowe  in  dede  whither  they  be  true,  Or  setfurth  by  some  man 
that  p^rcace  having  some  ynkeling  of  it  wold  by  some  practise 
interupt  the  same  awd  w/tA  a  brute  cause  me  to  staye  myn 
entrepr[yse]  For  the  certain  knowleage  of  the  truth  I  desired 
the  said  M  eftsones  to  make  his  repaire  vnto  her,  and  not  only 
to  declare  the  cause  in  forme  expressed  and  howe  I  am  ther- 
upon  perplexed  howe  I  might  precede  or  staye  wt  t//out  offence 
to  the  \ninges  Maj«te  or  to  her ;  to  his  grace  if  I  shuld  breake 
of  that  thing  that  were  befor  passed  wherin  I  might  be  noted 
of  suwme  lightnes,  to  her  if  I  shuld  either  not  move  that  thing 
whiche  it  might  wel  appere  by  the  said  peter  I  entended  to 
advaunce  asmochc  as  I  could,  the  cace  soo  standing  that 
I  might  doo  it  wzt/iout  any  masrnes  Iniurye,  Or  if  I  shuld  vppon 
her  general  wordss  spoken  to  the  said  M.  move  that  matier 
that  being  irremediable  could  turne  her  to  non  honour  nor 
cowmoditic  But  also  to  desire  her  most  hartely  that  it  may 
please  her  in  cace  any  suche  thinges  haue  been  entreated 
sithens  the  said  M.  departed  from  her  as  be  befor  specefied, 
to  declare  the  same  vnto  him  \v/t//  her  state  condition  and 
determynac/bn  vppon  the  same,  And  the  said  peter  shal  saye 
that  the  certain  reaporter  whiche  haue  been  made  of  her 
vertues  noblesse  a//d  wisedom  aswel  by  the  same  peter  as  by 
sundry  others  of  good  creditie  iudgement  and  cstimac/on  haue 
fully  persuaded  vnto  me,  that  howesoeuer  the  matier  doth 
stande  she  woll  not  be  greved  w/tA  this  my  sute  vnto  her  con- 
sidering it  procedcthe  of  a  faithful  desire  to  thadvauncement 

1  c,  o.  in  ptrsonne  only  '  c.  o.  well 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  119 

of  her  honour,  and  of  the  hono//r  of  her  hole  house  and 
famylie.  And  if  he  shall  pmreyve  By  her  answer  that  the 
said  reaportes  made  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding  she  is 
Free  and  at  libertie  from  al  consent  or  pwrpose  to  any 
manage,  shewing  therw/t//  any  good  inclynaabn  hitherward^  ; 
As  in  that  cace  the  said  peter  may  assure  her  that  in  this 
matier  and  all  others  that  may  sounde  to  her  furtherance  and 
adva#//cemr«t  I  wolbe  her  ernest  Ministre,  Soo  he  shall  saye 
that  in  cace  it  might  like  her  father  or  any  of  her  Frend^j  to 
setfurth  any  indifferent  ou^rture  to  the  k'mges  MazVjte  wherby 
his  grace  might  prrceyve  their  good  \vi\\es  and  inclynac/ons 
towardrj  him  It  wold  moche  conferre  and  give  vnto  me 
a  sufficient  grounde  soo  to  worke  as  I  trust  shuld  be  in  thende 
to  her  honour  and  comfort.  And  in  cace  it  shal  fortune 
Monsr  de  Guise  her  father  to  be  there  or  nere  hande  in  cace 
she  shall  aduise  the  said  peter  though  it  be  but  in  general 
wordrj  to  move  him  therin,  the  said  peter  taking  some  good 
occasion  therunto  shall  of  himself  a«d  for  the  declaration  of 
his  oune  affection  towards  his  house  and  famylie  move  him 
therein  accordingly  vsing  wz't//  the  said  Monsr  de  Guise  suche 
an  attemperance  as  he  seme  not  to  seke  moche  more  thenne 
himself  woll  seme  to  offer  or  easely  agre  vnto  in  that  Behaulf. 
And  wzt//  suche  answer  as  he  shal  receyve  he  shal  retourne 
w/t//  diligence.  Finally  if  the  said  peter  Meautys  shall 
p^rceyve  any  good  towardnes  and  inclynaczbn  in  the  said 
M.  de  L.  he  shall  if  it  be  possible  for  him  by  any  meanes  to 
cow/passe  it  get  her  picture  truly  made,  a;/d  like  vnto  her  Awd 
bn'wg  the  same  hither  with  him 

Endd.    1538  Mr.  Mewter  Instrucabns. 
Endd.    touching  the  k[in]g£r  maryage  with  the  duke  of 
Guyses1  daughter 

243.  CROMWELL'S  INSTRUCTIONS  TO  PHILIP  HOBY. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  5,498,  ff.  1-2  ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  380.    (Feb.  1538.) 

Directs  him  to  visit  the  Court  of  the  young  Duke  of  Longueville,  and  to 
take  the  portraits  of  the  two  daughters  of  the  Duke  of  Guise  in  one 
picture  ;  also  to  visit  the  Duke  of  Lorraine  and  deliver  a  letter  to  him 
from  Cromwell,  and  if  possible  to  obtain  a  portrait  of  his  daughter. 

I. 

A  memoriall  to  my  freend  Philip  Hoby  touching  such 
matters  as  he  hath  now  committed  to  his  Charge. 

First  the  same  laboring  to  gete  knowleage  where  the  yong 
duke  of  Longouille  lieth  shall  w*t//  diligence  by  poste  repaire 

1  c.  o.  Vendome 


120  LETTERS   OF  [1538 

thither  where  he  shall  finde,  as  it  is  said,  the  two  daughters 
of  monsi/wr  de  Guyse,  whom  at  his  comming  he  shall  salute 
and  so  declare  vnto  them  that  hauinge  certain  buisenes  in 
those  parties  he  coulde  not  pretermit  to  visitc  the  one  of 
them,  of  whom  he  hath  by  his  late  being  there  sowme 
acqueintance.  And  therwrt//  he  shall  diligentlie  view  and 
consider  well  the  yonger  sister.  And  he  shall  require  the 
Dutchesse  her  moother  or  such  other  as  shall  haue  the 
goucrnment  of  them  that  he  may  also  take  the  Phisionomie 
of  her  that  he  may  ioine  her  sister  and  her  in  a  fairc  table. 
Which  obteined,  he  shall  addrcsse  him  self  to  the  house  and 
duelling  place  of  the  Duke  of  Loraigne.  To  whom  at  his 
accesse  vnto  him  he  shall  deliuer  my  letter  of  Credence,  and 
to  the  same  saye,  that  I  doubt  not  but  he  hath  heard  witA 
how  and  propence  a  good  will  I  haue  trauailed  to  auaunce 
sowme  personage  of  his  house  and  familie  to  the  mariage 
of  the  kingrj  maw-rtie  my  master.  And  albeit  that  the  same 
my  pourpose  hath  not  taken  that  effect  that  I  desired,  Yet 
doth  the  same  affection  remaine  still  in  me,  which  I  wolde 
be  glad  to  employe  according  to  my  commencement,  if  I  mai 
gete  therunto  occasion.  And  forasmuch  as  latlie  it  was 
declared  vnto  me  that  his  grace  hath  a  daughter  of  Excellent 
qualitie,  hauing  the  same  Philip  sowme  other  affaires  in  those 
parties,  I  haue  thought  meete  to  desire  him  to  diuert  to  the 
said  duke  \\i\Ji  my  said  letters  to  thentent  he  might  at  his 
pleasowr  visite  and  see  his  daughter  and  also  take  her  picture 
to  be  presented  for  her  aduauncement  as  the  time  mai  serue. 
Requiring  him  further  that  it  may  please  him  to  open  sow/me 
parte  of  his  minde  and  inclination  touching  this  matter.  And 
to  deuise  that  sowme  such  ouerture  might  be  made  on  his 
behalf  to  the  kingu  Ma/otic  as  I  may  therupon  haue  sowme 
foundacion  wherupon  to  setfoorth  this  thing,  which  should  be 
so  muche  to  his  honor.  In  which  case  the  said  Philip  mai 
assure  him  that  I  shall  not  faile  to  do  that  office  that  shall 
bccowme  an  honest  freende  and  one  that  spvrially  fauorcth 
that  house  and  familie.  And  the  said  Philip  shall  also  enter 
co;;/municac/on  \\i\Jt  the  yong  Ladie  after  the  same  foorme 
and  maner  as  his  Instruction  runnethe  to  the  person  of  her 
father.  And  assone  as  he  shall  haue  gotten  her  Phisionomie 
and  knowen  the  Duk/\r  pleaser,  he  shall  take  his  leaue  and 
retourn  w/'t//  all  possible  diligence 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 


1538]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  121 

II. 

Hoby  is  to  visit  the  Duchess  of  Milan,  and  request  her  to  permit  the  King's 
servant  Holbein  to  take  her  portrait.  Hoby  is  to  try  to  discover  if 
she  has  any  inclination  to  marry  the  King. 

Instructions  giuen  by  the  Lord  Cromwell  to  Philip  Hoby 
sent  ouer  by  him  to  the  dutchesse  of  Loreigne,  then  (to  the) 
dutchesse  of  Millane. 

First  to  repaire  to  Mr.  Hutton  and  to  tarie  at  his  lodging 
or  where  he  shall  think  most  meete  for  the  more  secrecie  of 
the  matter  till  he  shall  haue  bine  v/tt/t  the  Regent. 

Then  vpon  his  aduertisement  Mr.  Philip  shall  make  his 
accesse  to  the  Dutchesse,  and  after  my  Lordes  humble 
cowmendaczons  made  vnto  her  grace,  he  shall  say  that  he 
doubteth  not  but  both  by  the  mouthe  of  the  Ladie  Regent 
and  by  the  relac/on  of  the  kingcs  Maicstes  Ambassado/^r  there 
resident  she  knoweth  the  cause  of  his  cow/minge  and  the 
ground  wherupon  it  proceadeth  with  my  L,ordes  inclinaabn  to 
thaduauncement  of  the  same  vpon  the  constant  fame  which 
he  hath  heard  of  her  vertue,  wisdome  and  most  laudable 
qualities  which  he  shall  expresse  vnto  her  as  the  same  is 
conteined  in  the  letter.  And  that  he  is  therupon  addressed 
to  visite  and  salute  her  on  my  Lord^j  behalf  and  to  require 
her  that  for  the  ministring  to  my  Lorde  of  a  further  occasion 
to  satisfie  Thambassadors,  It  may  please  her  grace  to  take 
so  much  peine  at  his  poore  desire  to  sit  so  longe  at  some 
such  time  as  her  self  shall  appoint  as  a  seruaunt  of  the  k'mges 
highnes  being  come  thither  for  that  pourpose  may  take  her 
Phisionomie. 

Then  shall  he  desire  to  know  her  pleaser  when  Mr.  Hanns 
shall  co;»me  to  her  for  the  doing  of  his  feat  in  the  taking  of 
his  picture.  And  so  hauinge  the  time  appointed  he  shall  go 
w/t//  him  or  tarie  behind  as  she  shall  appointe.  And  cmongst 
other  co;/*municaabn  the  said  Philip  shall  of  him  self  wishe 
as  it  were  vpon  an  affection  entred  into  his  oune  breast,  both 
vpon  my  Lordrj  reaportrj  of  her  vertues  and  good  qualities 
noted  to  be  in  her  and  by  his  oune  view  and  experience  of 
the  same,  that  it  might  please  the  king^j  Ma*>.rtie  being  now 
w/t//out  a  wief  taduaunce  her  to  the  honor  of  a  Queene  of  Eng- 
land. And  he  shall  well  note  her  Aunsweres,  her  gesture  and 
couwtenanc(e)  w/'t/*  her  inclinaczon,  that  he  may  at  his  re- 
tourne  declare  the  same  to  the  k'mges  Ma*>jtie.  And  beinge  her 
picture  once  taken,  he  shall  take  his  leaue  of  the  said  Dutchesse 
and  retourn  with  Hanns  in  his  co/wpanie  accordingly. 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 


122  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

III. 

A  speech  written  for  Hoby  to  make  to  the  Duchess  on  his  arrival. 
The  woordrj  of  the  said  Philip  Hoby  to  the  Dutchcsse. 

I  doubt  not  but  both  by  the  mouth  of  the  Ladic  Regent  and 
by  the  Relac/on  of  the  kingfs  Maitstfs  Ambassadowr  here 
resident,  you  know  the  cause  of  my  cowminge  and  the  grounde 
wherupon  it  proceadeth,  with  my  "Lordes  inclinac/on  to  the 
aduauncement  of  the  same,  vpon  the  constant  fame  which  he 
hath  heard  of  yowr  graces  vertue,  wisdome  and  most  laudable 
qualities.  And  with  this  good  inclinac/on  of  the  Lord  my 
master,  his  pleaser  is  to  addresse  me  hither  to  visite  and  to 
salute  yowr  grace  in  his  behalf  and  to  require  of  yowr  grace 
that  for  the  ministring  to  my  Lorde  of  a  further  occasion  and 
to  satisfie  Thambassadors,  It  may  please  you  at  my  Lordu 
poore  desire  to  sit  so  longe  at  sowme  such  time  as  shall  please 
you  to  appoint,  that  a  seruaunt  of  the  king«  highnes  being 
come  hither  for  that  pourpose  may  take  yowr  phisionomie. 
This  is  my  Lord^r  entent  for  aduancement  of  yowr  noble 
honor. 

For  the  great  good  reaport/j  of  my  Lord  of  yowr  vertues 
and  goodly  qualities  and  by  mine  oune  view  and  experience 
of  the  same,  considering  the  kingtt  Ma/Vrtic  is  widowar  and 
w/'t//out  a  wief,  wold  to  god  it  wolde  please  his  ma/Vrtie  to 
aduaunce  yowr  grace  to  the  honowr  of  Queene  of  England, 
considering  yowr  vertuous  qualities  are  a  great  dcale  more 
in  dccde  then  cucr  was  notified  and  for  a  great  confirmac/on 
of  amitie  and  loue  to  continew  betwcne  Themperors  Ma/Vjtie 
and  the  kingrj  highnes. 

244.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  HarL  MSS.  282,  f.  I781;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  387.    March  I  (1538). 

Informs  him  that  the  French  have  signified  their  willingness  to  submit 
to  Henry's  arbitration,  in  their  dispute  with  the  Emperor.  Wyatt  is 
to  urge  Charles,  in  every  possible  way,  to  do  the  same. 

Mr.  Wiat  after  my  hartie  commendations  this  shalbe 
tadvertise  you  that  this  prcstnt  day  being  the  last  of  February 

1  ThisletterfB.  M. HarLMSS.aSa,  Thus  Farfe]  ye  hartely  wel  From 

ff.  1 78-8 1)  is  the  contemporary  deci-  Hamptoncowte  the  First  day  of 

pher  of  the   cipher  letter   (B.  M.  Marc  he 

Harl.  MSS.  ff.  175-7  and  182).  At  YoJ,r  j           Frecnd 
the  bottom  of  the  cipher  letter,  on 

folio  182,  the  following  sentences  THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

are  written  : —  Add.    To  myn  Assurid  Loving 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  123 

arrived  here  at  the  court  the  bisshop  of  tarbez  being  addressed 
to  the  king«  Maiestie  from  the  Frenche  King  who  bringing 
wit/t  him  a  cow/mission  to  entreate  and  conclude  vppon  a  cow- 
firmaobn  of  al  Amities  betwene  the;;/  wzt//  an  addic/on  of  all 
suche  things  as  on  eyther  parte  might  be  divised  further 
to  or  eyther  of  their  commodities  made  playne  and 

certeyn  overture  that  whither  the  k'mgcs  Majesty  wold  enter 
any  suche  capitulaobn  or  no  in  cace  it  shuld  be  his  pleaswr^ 
to  take  it  vpon  him  he  shuld  for  the  French  kingrj  parte 
haue  the  hole  and  entier  manyeng  of  the  Peax  betwen  him 
and  Themper0r  and  further  he  offerd  on  the  French  king^j 
behaulf  that  he  shuld  never  take  peax  -with  themp^-rowr 
but  the  king^j  Majesty  shuld  therin  be  a  principall  contra- 
hent  and  also  in  the  matier  of  counseil  and  a[ll]  other 
things  that,  the  king  shuld  finde  the  french  king  so  assured 
and  confowrmable  towards  him  as  he  shuldhaue  cause  to 
accept  him  for  his  good  brother  and  most  entier  frende,  to 
this  the  king  answer(ed)  that  there  word^j  were  many  tymes 
so  qualified  that  it  appered  hard  to  him  to  give  any  grete 
credite  w/t//out  further  prouf  vnto  them  nevertheles  for  that 
that1  p<zrte  whiche  shewed  an  effecc/on  in  the  said  french 
king  the  king  gave  vnto  him  his  condigne  thanks  declaring 
how  muche  his  hieghnes  desired  the  succeding  of  suche 
vniversel  peax  as  might  redound  to  the  quiet  of  all z  christen- 
dome  and  how  ernestly  his  grace  hath  travailed  vpon  that 
zele  only  to  obteyne  the  mediaabn  of  it  not  doughting  but  in 
cace  he  wold  stijce  to  that  overture  his  good  brother  them- 
perour  who  hath  shewed  therin  alredy  good  inclinaa'on  wold 
right  gladly  do  the  semblable  and  as  touching  the  ioyning  of 
his  grace  as  a  principal  contrahent  to  his  Majesty  told  him 
that  he  was  assured  so  to  be  by  the  saide  Empmw/rs  meanes 
though  the  french  king  wold  say  nay  vnto  it,  albeit  his  over- 
ture therin  and  in  the  rest  carieng  \\ith  it  a  frendly  visage 
was  suche  as  he  wold  not  but  take  in  good  parte  and  give 
vnto  him  thankes  also  for  it,  as  thanks  be  given  for  frendly 
v/ordes  which  kepe  their  place  as  Jong  as  they  shalbe  not 
denied  by  contrary  effects.  To  this  they  replied  that  for  the 
french  kinges  part  they  could  affirme  that  as  his  overtures 
preceded  from  a  most  frendly  harte  so  his  dedes  shuld 3 
moost  certenly  approve  and  confirme  the  same,  but  as  for 
Themperour  they  sayde  they  could  affirme  also  vpon  their 

Freende  Sir  Thomas  Wiat  Knight  the  same  by  my  lord  off  Winches- 

the  King«  Ambassadoi/r  in  Spayn  ters  servant  in  barsolona 

Endd,     My  lord  prr'vi  sele  of  the  *  sic.                 *  c.  0.  the 

first  off  Marche  rec[eived]  the  xi  of  '  c.  0.  make 


124  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

certeyn  knowlcage  that  what  wordfs  soever  he  had  vttcrd  or 
cny  for  him  he  never  minded  to  ioyne  the  king  as  a  primier 
contrahent  ne  wold  in  any  wise  agre  that  the  king  shuld  haue 
in  his  hand  the  mainiengof  the  peax  bctwcne  them  whcrunto 
I l  assure  you  the  king  made  frendly  answer  for  thcmprrowrs 
honowr  trouth  and  assurednes  to  the  obsiruac/bn  of  his  worde 
and  in  the  debating  of  his  most  hartic  love  towards  them- 
pfrour,  so  that  our  Ambassadours  from  the  frenche  king  be 
retired  to  London  w*t//out  doing  of  any  thing  or  thcr  reccyving 
of  any  other  answer,  and  forasmuch  as  I  do  pmreyve  tJtat 
they  woll  offer  wonders  to  stey  the  king  from  themp^rowr 
albeit  I  am  in  most  assured  hope  that  they  shall  therin  faile 
in  their  purpos  notwithstanding  his  grace  wold  I  thinke  labor 
to  make  some  good  ende  betwen  them  and  therfor  the  good 
of  chrw/endom  and  the  better  chastesing  of  the  cowmon 
enemye  of  the  same,  yet  I  thought  good  to  advertise  you 
therin  thai  you  may  at  your  oportunitie  declare  the  same  to 
themp[eror]  and  to  his  counseil  for  the  good  acceleraabn  of  his 
determinate  answers  to  the  thingrj  put  in  overture  betwen 
them  and  specially  you  must  travail  that  seing  the  frenche 
king  hath  ofierde  this  mediae/on  of  peax  to  the  king  Them- 
prrowr  semyng  to  haue  lesse  confidence  in  his  grace  thenne 
they  show  themselfor  to  have  and  likewise  it  shalbe  wel  done 
that  you  shal  most  ernestly  induce  thempm)//r  to  the  writing 
of  the  \tfttres  wherin  he  shal  affirme  his  pranesses  both 
touching  the  ioyning  of  the  king  as  a  primier  contrahent  and 
touching  the  consenting  to  nothing  in  the  counsel  though  it 
shuld  take  effecte  that  to  the  2  his  grace  or  to  his  realme  may 
be  in  any  wise  prejudicial  trusting  also  that  for  the.  steye  of 
his  consent  to  the  place  wherunto  the  saide  counsel  is  indicted 
and  concerning  all  the  rest  of  the  things  whereof  mencion  is 
made  in  the  \ftttres  sent  vnto  you  by  Reede  his  majesty 
woll  vse  that  loving  conformitie  that  may  bring  al  maticrs 
now  well  entred  into  a  iust  perfection  if  any  lacke  shuld  be 
must1  spring  on  that  p^rte  which  I  being  a  poore  minister  to 
my  Master  and  bering  an  honest  herte  towards  the  coniouncion 
of  him  and  themprrowr  togeder  wold  be  loth  and  sory  to  se 
it,  and  therfor  Mr.  Wiat  now  is  the  tyme  for  him  to  take 
his  tyme  and  for  you  to  play  your  partc  of  a  good  serurtwnt 
I  mistruste  ncythcr  the  loving  mind  and  wisdome  of  thonc  ne 
the  honest  zcle  and  desire  of  thother  that  all  things  may 
frame  to  the  honowr  of  both  prince  and  consequently  to 
the  benefitt  of  all  christcndomc,  hartely  desiring  you  to 
vse  your  dexteritie  and  to  accelerate  suche  certeyne  and 

1  e.  o.  asked  him  *  j&. 


1538]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  125 


resolute  answer   in   all    things  as   may   be   to   the 
satisfacc/on. 

Mr.  Wiat  now  handle  this  matier  in  suche  ernest  sorte  \vttft 
themp^rowr  as  the  king  who  by  your  faire  wordes  hath  con- 
ceyved  a  certen  to  finde1  assured  frendeship  ther  be  not 
deceyved  the  frenchemen  affirme  so,  constantly  and  boldly 
that  none  thing  spoken  by  themperour  eyther  touching  the 
principall  contrahent  the  counsel  or  further  alliaunce  hath  in 
the  same  any  maner  of  good  faith  but  suche  fraude  and  deceyte 
that  the  king  had  gathered  a  certayn  confidence  in  them- 
perours  hono//r  and  trust  he1  vpon  your  \etteres  and  the  relac/bn 
of  Mr.  dudley  I  assure  you  on  my  faith  it  wold  make  any 
man  to  suspect  his  preceding  they  say  and  depcly  swere  that 
the  peax  resteth  in  their  hand  and  arbitre  and  therfor  If 
thempmDwr  shuld  in  any  wise  conclude  w*1A  them  before  he 
shuld  go  through  wtt/t  his  matters  here  ye  though  might  haue  l 
them  to  take  peace  -with  suche  condicions  as  he  himself  wold 
appoint  vnto  after  he  wold  offer  as  moche  or  more  to  the 

king  thenne  he  hath  don  or  is  now  desired  of  him,  I  thinke 
certaynly  it  could  not  he  :  wz't//  all  that  which  wold  now  be  en- 
gendred  by  suche  agrement  but  I  neyther  feere  his  honowr  in 
his  promes  ne  his  wisdom  for  his  bargayne  that  may  now  be 
made  if  he  woll  now  folow  it  and  firmely  ioyne  himself  wtt/t 
this  manage  partie,  and  if  there  shuld  be  any  difficultie  vpon 
the  point  of  the  mediac/on  by  reason  of  the  shortnes  of  the 
tyme  of  the  treux  .  you  may  declare  how  the  frenche  men 
show  themselfc?  so  ernest  to  put  al  in  the  king^r  hand  that 
they  offer  vpon  any  significaobn  that  themp^rowr  woll  make 
thoughe  it  were  but  to  his  Ambassadowr  there  to  condescende 
to  the  same,  they  woll  straict  resolue  and  agre  vpon  the  pro- 
traction of  the  treux  for  so  long  a  tyme  as  the  king  shall 
thinke  mete  and  wol  determyn.  Wherfor  if  that  point  be 
desired  vpon  advertisement  of  themp^rowrs  mynde  therin 
eyther  it  shal  be  obteyned  or  e\\es  the  frenchemen  shal  starte 
from  that  whiche  so  absolutely  they  haue  offered  evin  to  the 
kinges  owne  prrsonne. 

Labo//r  now  Mr.  Wiat  to  cause  them  pcrour  if  it  be  possible 
to  write  it  the  Frenche  king  that  he  is  content  to  cowmitt 
this  mediaoon  to  the  king*-.?  hande  to  offer  therfor  a  longer 
treux  for  the  frenchmen  say  they  will  make  the  king  se  them- 
perours  craftie  dealing  and  discifre  him  and  by  this  meane 
their  owne  craft  if  it  be  falls  that  t/tei  say  as  I  thinke  surely 
it  is  shalbe  torned  into  their  owne  neck^j  Thus  fare  ye  hertely 
well  At  hamptoncourt  the  first  of  Marche 

1  sic. 


126  LETTERS   OF  [1538 

245.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Lisle  Papers,  ii.  127  ;  not  in  Cal.    Mar.  20  (1538). 

Requests  him  to  let  the  bearer,  George  Rous,  pass  out  of  the  realm, 
with  one  servant,  two  horses,  and  420  in  money. 

After  my  right  harty  commendation  vnto  your  good  lord- 
ship thiese  be  to  adurrtise  you  that  the  kingrj  pleasure  ys 
that  my  s^rumint  George  Rows  berer  herof  shall  passe  out 
of  this  Realme  into  the  parties  of  beyond  the  See  for  his 
affayres  and  busynes  ther  to  be  done.  Withe  one  s^rurtunt 
and  two  horses  or  geldyngrj  twenty  pounds  in  money  and 
other  his  laufull  cariage  and  utensiles.  And  w/t^out  any 
vnlawfull  serche  let  or  ympedyment,  Wherfore  I  require  you 
to  cause  that  he  may  so  passe  without  any  disturbaunce 
accordyng  to  the  kyngrr  pleasure  in  that  behalf.  Thus  the 
blessed  Trenyte  presume  yowr  good  lordship.  At  the  Court 
the  XXth  day  of  Marche. 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lorde  the  Vicount  lisle  the 
Kingr-r  depute  at  Calays 

246.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  ROGER  TOWNSEND  AND 
SIR  JOHN  HEYDON. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  6oi.     Mar.  26,  1538. 

They  are  to  examine  and  settle  the  complaints  of  Robert  Burbeck  against 
Robert  Townsend.    Cf.  Letter  267. 

After  my  right  hartye  cowmendac/ons  Whereas  complainte 
is  made  to  the  king  and  his  most  honorable  counseil  by 
Robert  Burbek  of  greate  Riboroughe  in  the  Countye  of 
Norffo/£  that  where  the  saide  Robert  Burbek  had  in  Ferme 
by  lease  the  terme  thereof  not  expired  a  Certayne  grounde 
called  Sennowe  oon*  Robert  Touneshend  Esquire  hathe  not 
onely  dispossed  him  of  the  same,  But  also  wyth  holdcthe 
from  him  the  some  of  viii  li.  awarded  by  arbitrament 
indifferently  elected  and  chosen,  and  Furthermore  hathe 
procured  one  William  Androwe  of  greate  Riborough  afore- 
said to  send  his  two  sonnes  to  lye  in  wayte  for  the  same 
Burbek  beside  that  the  saide  Touneshende  hathe  by  thex- 
tremytie  and  rigowr  of  the  lawe  and  calumpniac/bn  molested 
the  saide  Burbek  to  his  greate  losse  damage  and  vttcr 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  127 

vndoing,  Oneles  his  Maiestie  shuld  prouyde  him  some  gra- 
cyous  remedy.  And  Forasmuche  as  there  seamethe  grete 
Simplicite  and  Feare  in  the  saide  complaintyve  and  muche 
force  rigour  and  crafte  in  the  saide  Touneshend  and  Androwe 
The  kingr.r  hieghnes  pleaswr  and  cowmaundemewt  is  that  you 
shall  Furthwzt//  call  all  the  saide  p^rsonnes  before  you  and 
so  to  examyn  the  hoole  matyer  groundely  and  substancyally 
and  thereuppon  gyue  your  fynall  order  and  directyon  ac- 
cording to  right  equite  and  Justice  So  that  the  same  Burbek 
haue  no  cause  eftsones  to  molest  his  hieghnes  w*t//  any  suche 
Lyke  sutes.  But  that  he  may  haue  Free  accesse  and  recesse 
from  tyme  to  tyme  w/t^out  any  Lett  p^rturbaunce  or 
molestac/on  of  them  or  any  of  them  Not  Failing  hereof  as 
his  grace  trustethe  you  And  thus  fare  ye  hertely  well.  From 
St.  James  the  xxvith  of  Marche  the  xxixth  yere  of  his  Maiesties 
most  noble  Reigne. 

"Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.     To  my  frendrj  Sir  Roger  Towneshend  &  Sir  Johon 
Heiydywg  knyghtoy  and  to  eu^ry  of  theme. 


247.  (CROMWELL)  TO  THE  PRIOR  OR  ABBOT  <OF  ). 

R.  O.  CaL  xiii.  (i)  638.     Mar.  (1538). 

Begs  him  to  confirm  the  transfer  of  an  annuity  of  405.  from  Dr.  Bonner  to 
Thomas  Shirley. 

My  lorde  in  my  hfrtie  man^r  I  cowmend  me  vnto  you. 
And  wher(as)  it  is  so  that  doctowr  Boner  my  louyng  frend 
hauyng  an  awnuyte  of  xl  sh.  by  the  yere  of  you  during  his 
1  iff  is  contented  for  my  sake  that  Thomas  Sherle  late  viith 
hym  &  now  at  this  tyme  in  my  s^ruice  shall  haue  &  enioye 
the  same  soo  that  ye  &  your  brother  will  graunt  therto. 
I  shall  desir  &  pray  you  hertelie  to  ferther  the  thing  to  the 
best  of  your  power  &  induce  your  brother  vnto  the  same, 
granteing  therapon  vnto  my  said  seruaunt  your  co«ue«t 
scale  during  his  liff,  in  as  good  &  fauowrable  manrr  as  ye 
can.  And  to  certifie  me  by  this  beyrer  of  your  co«formitie 
&  doyng  herein  to  the«te«t  I  may  giffe  yow  thanks  accord- 
inglie  as  gladlie  I  shall  doo.  And  thus  fare  ye  well.  From 
saynt  James  besides  Westminster  the  day  of  Marche. 

Endd.    The  copy  of  a 


128  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

248.  (CROMWELL)  TO  THE  (BISHOP  OF  SALISBURY). 

B.  M.  Cleop.  E.  iv,  f.  8 1 ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  572.    (Mar.  1538.) 

Rebukes  the  Bishop  for  his  complaints  and  taunts.    Denies  that  he  has 
acted  in  an  unfriendly  or  partial  spirit. 

My  lord  after  hartie  cowmewdations,  I  cannot  but  both 
moch  marueil  that  yow,  whom  I  haue  taken  to  be  myn 
crnest  frend,  sholde  Judge  me,  as  I  may  jvrceyue  by  yowr 
letters  yow  do,  and  also  be  glad,  that  ye  so  frankely  vtter 
yowr  stomachc  to  me.  I  wold  thanke  yow  for  yowr  plain 
wrytinge,  and  fre  monitions,  sauyng  that,  yow  seme  fuller  of 
suspicion,  then  it  becuwmith,  as  I  thinke,  a  prelate  of  yowr 
sorte  to  be,  and,  to  say,  that  maketh  me  more  sorye,  moch 
worse  prrswaded  of  me,  then  I  thowght,  any  of  yowr  lernyng 
and  judgement  cold  haue  ben.  I  toke  a  matter  owte  of  your 
handrj  into  myne,  yf  vpon  consyderacions,  myn  office  bynde 
me  to  do  so,  what  cause  haue  ye  to  complain  ?  If  I  had  don 
thys,  either  vpon  affection,  or  intendinge  preiudice  to  yowr 
estimacion,  yow  myght  haue  expostulated  \\-i\Jt  me,  and  yet 
if  ye  then  had  don  it,  after  a  jentler  sorte,  I  shold  both  soner 
haue  amended,  that  I  dyd  amisse,  and  also  haue  had  better 
cause  to  Judge  yowr  wrytinge  to  CUM  of  a  frendly  harte 
towards  me.  If  ye  be  offended  wit/*  my  sharpe  letters,  how 
caw  yowr  testie  word^r,  I  had  almost  gyuen  them  another 
name,  delite  me?  I  required  yow  to  vse  no  extremitie  in 
yowr  office,  durus  est  sic  sermo,  ye  tosse  it,  and  when  ye 
haue  dowr,  ye  beginne  agcin,  euen  as  thowghe,  all  beinge 
sayd,  all  were  still  behinde.  Yf  yow  haue  vsed  no  extremitie 
I  am,  I  insure  yow,  as  glad  of  it  as  I  owght  to  be.  And 
thowghe  yow  do  not,  yet  vpon  a  cowplaintc  myn  office 
bjv/deth  me  to  succor  hy/n,  that  saith  he  is  ou^rmacched  and 
is  compelled  to  sustein  wronge.  I  was  thus  informed,  and 
by  persons,  to  whom  I  gaue  more  credite  then  I  intend  to  do 
hereafter,  if  they  haue  abused  me,  as  yow  wold  make  me 
belcuc  they  haue.  They  thus  complaywing,  cold  I  do  any 
lesse,  then  grauwte  vnto  them,  suche  remedic  as  the  king?* 
hyghenes  and  hys  lawes  gyue  indifferently  to  all  hys  subiecter? 
Myght  I  not  also  sow  what  gather,  that  ye  preceded  the  sorer 
ayenste  The  Reder,  Roger  London,  when  I  had  seen,  how 
moch  yow  desired  the  preferment  of  yowr  scruant  to  that 
Rowme  ?  My  lord,  yow  had  shewed  yowrselfe,  of  moch  more 
paciewcc.  I  woll  not  say  of  moch  more  prudencye,  if  ye  had 
contented  yowrselfe  \\t\A  their  lauful  appcale  and  my  lauful 
injunctions,  and  rather  haue  sowght  fully  to  instructe  me  in 
the  maticr,  then  thus  to  desire  to  conquer  me  by  shrowde 
wordrj,  to  vanquishe  me  by  sharpe  thrcprj  of  scripture, 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  129 

whyche  as  I  knowe  to  be  trewe,  so  I  truste  to  God,  as  greate 
a  clerke  as  ye  be,  ye  allege  them  owt  of  their  place.  It 
becu/wmith  me  not,  neyther  yet  I  am  wonte,  to  vante  myselfe, 
of  well  doinge,  I  knowe  who  worketh  all  that  is  well  wrowght 
by  me,  and  wheras  he  is  the  hole  doer,  I  intend  not  to  offre 
hym  thys  wronge,  he  to  labor,  and  I  to  take  the  thanks  Yet 
as  I  do  not  cease  to  gyue  thanks,  that  it  hathe  pleased  hys 
goodnes  to  vse  me,  as  an  instrument  and  to  worke  sowwhat 
by  me,  so  I  truste,  I  am  as  ready  to  serue  hy;«  in  my  calling 
to  my  litel  power,  as  ye  ar  preste,  to  wryght  worse  of  me 
then  ye  owght  to  thinke.  My  prayer  is,  that  God  gyue  me 
no  longer  lyfe,  then  I  shall  be  gladde  to  vse  myn  office  in 
edificatione,  and  not  in  destructione,  as  ye  beare  me  in  hand 
I  do.  God,  ye  say,  woll  Judge  such  vsing  of  authorite, 
meanywg  flattely,  that  I  do  abuse  such  power,  as  hath 
pleased  God  and  the  King«  hyghenes  to  setle  me  in.  God, 
I  say,  woll  Judge  such  Judges  as  ye  ar,  and  charme  also  such 
thowghtfj  as  ye  misvse.  Ye  do  not  so  well  as  I  wold  yow 
shold  do,  if  ye  so  thinke  of  me,  as  your  letters  make  me 
thinke  ye  do.  The  crime  that  ye  charge  me  witAall,  is 
greater,  then  I  may  or  owght  to  beare,  vntrewer.I  truste, 
then  they  that  wold  faynest,  shalbe  able  to  proue.  It  is 
a  strange  thinge  yow  say,  that  I  neyther  wold  wryght,  nor 
send  yow  word  by  mouthe,  what  ye  shold  do,  w*t//  the 
popisshe  mowke  of  Abington,  and  that  thabbot  of  Rcdinge 
cold  gette  strayghtway  my  letters  to  inhibite  yo//r  Juste 
doinge.  I  wisse,  that  was  not  my  mynd  whew  I  wrote. 
I  dyd  not  intende  to  lette  your  iuste  doinge,  but  rather  to 
require  yow  to  do  iustely,  neither  I  was  swyfte  in  grau«tyng 
my  letters  to  hym,  albeit  I  am  moch  redier  to  helpe  hym, 
that  cowplaynith  of  wronge,  then  preste  to  fyrder  on,  that 
desireth  punishemewt  of  a  person  whom  I  am  not  sure,  hath 
offended.  I  made  yow  no  awswer,  a  strange  thinge.  I  wisse, 
my  lord,  I  thowght  ye  had  better  knowen,  my  businesses, 
then  for  such  a  matier,  to  estime  me  not  your  frende.  Yow 
myght  haue  better  Judged,  that  I  was  to  moch  cumbred  witA 
other  affares  that  those  whych  sued  for  thabbot  cold  better 
espie  ther  tyme,  then  yours  colde.  Som  ma»  woll  thinke, 
ye  rather  vtter  displeasur  conceyued  before,  then  that  ye 
haue  any  vrgent  occasion  here  to  misiudge  my  mywd  towards 
yow.  As  cowcernywg  your  mayer,  yow  muste  vse  your 
priuileges,  as  things  lent  vnto  yow,  so  longe,  as  ye  shall 
occupie  them  well,  that  is,  accordinge  to  the  my«de  and 
pleasur  of  them,  that  gaue  yow  them. 

I  toke  neyther  the  monkes  cause,  nor  any  other  into  my 
to  be   a   bearer  of  any    such,   whom   ther  vpryght 

MERRIMAN.     II  K  . 


130  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

dealinge  is  not  able  to  beare.  No,  you  knowc,  I  thinke,  that 
I  louc  such  readers  of  Scripture  as  litel  as  ye  do.  Wold  God 
men  of  your  sorte  were  as  diligent  to  see,  that  in  all  their 
dioceses,  good  men  were  made,  as  I  am  glad  to  remoue  ! 
theuyl  when  I  knowe  them.  Yf  yow  had  taken  euen  then  but 
halfc  the  pain  to  send  vp  such  things  ayenste  hyw,  as  yow 
now  send,  neither  yow  shold  haue  had  cause,  no  nor  occasion, 
thus  rasshely  to  deuine  of  my  good  or  euyl  will  toward  yow. 
nor  I  haue  be«  cuwbred  w/'tA  thys  answer.  My  lord,  I  pray 
yow,  whyle  I  am  your  frend,  take  me  to  be  so,  for  if  I  were 
not,  or  if  I  knewe  any  cause,  why  I  owght  not,  as  I  wold 
not  be  afrayd  to  showe  yow,  what  had  alienated  my  my«d 
from  yow,  so  yow  shold  well  pmreyue,  that  my  displeasur 
shold  last  no  lenger,  then  ther  were  cause.  I  passe  ourr,  your 
Nemo  leditur,  nisi  a  seipso.  I  pray  w/tA  yow  thys  firste 
parte2,  our  Lord  haue  pitie  vpon  me.  Thother  parte  is  not 
in  my  prayers,  that  god  shold  torn  my  harte.  For  he  is  my 
Judge.  I  may  erre  in  my  doings  for  wante  of  knowlege, 
I  willingly  beare  no  misdoers.  I  willingly  hurte  none,  whom 
honestie  and  the  klnges  lawes  do  not  refuse.  Vndo  not  yow 
yowrselfe,  I  entende  nothinge  lesse,  the//  to  worke  yow  any 
displeasure.  If  hetherto,  I  haue  showed  yow  any  pleasure, 
I  am  glad  of  it,  I  showed  it  to  your  qualities  and  not  to  yow. 
Yf  they  tarry  wit/t  yow,  my  good  will  cawnot  departe  frow 
yow  excepte  yowr  prayer  be  herd,  that  is  my  harte  be  torned. 
I  assure  yow  I  am  ryght  glad  ye  ar  in  the  place  ye  ar  in, 
and  woll  do,  what  shall  lie  in  me  to  ayde  yow  in  yowr  office, 
to  maintein  your  reputation,  to  gyue  yow  credite  amongtt 
your  flocke,  and  els  wher,  as  longe  as  I  shall  see  yow  desircful 
to  do  your  dewtie  accordinge  to  yowr  call.  I  woll  not  becuw 
your  good  Lord,  as  yowr  good  Lord,  as  yowr  desire  is,  I  am 
&  haue  be«  yowr  frend  and  take  yow  to  be  myne.  Cast  owte 
vain  suspition,  Let  rasshe  Judgement  rule  men  of  lesse  witte 
&  discretion.  Wilfulnes  becuwmith  all  men  better  then 
a  bisshop,  whych  shold  alwayes  teach  vs  to  lacke  gladly 
our  own  will.  Bycause  yow  may  not  haue  yowr  own  will 
here  is,  Dvtninus  pauprrcw  facit  &  ditat,  &  Dotninus  dedit  & 
Dominus  abstulit.  to  what  purpose  ?  Sit  nomc//  D<>;;/mi  brni- 
dictuw  ca»  neurr  lacke  hys  place,  it  cuwmith  alwayes  in 
season  ;  or  els  as  greate  a  diuine  as  ye  ar,  I  wold  say,  it  were 
not  euy«  the  best  placed  here,  excepte  yow  me/it  better  yow 
had  rather  lose  all,  the//  any  parte  of  yowr  will  I  pray  yow 
teach  pacicwcc  better,  in  your  deads*,  or  els  spcke  as  litel  of 
it  as  ye  caw.  My  lord  yow  myght  haue  prouoked  sow  other 
in  my  place,  that  wold  haue  vsed  lesse  pacicwcc  w/t//  yow, 

1  f.  a.  disaprouc  *  £.  o.  God  haue 


1538]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  131 

finding  so  litel  in  yow.  But  I  caw  take  your  wrytinge,  and 
thys  heate  of  your  stomache,  euy«  as  well  as  I  caw,  I  truste 
beware  of  flaterers.  As  for  thabbot  of  Readinge,  &  hys 
mowke,  if  I  fynd  them  as  ye  say  they  ar,  I  woll  ordre  them 
as  I  shall  thinke  good.  Ye  shall  do  well  to  do  your  duetie, 
if  yow  so  do,  ye  haue  no  cause  to  mistruste  my  frendshyp. 
Yf  ye  do  not,  I  must  tell  it  yow  and  that  somwhat  after  the 
playnist  sorte.  To  take  a  cowtrourrsie  owt  of  yo//r  hand« 
into  myne,  I  do  but  my»  office,  yow  medle  farder  then  youres 
woll  beare  yow,  thus  ruffely  to  handle  me  for  vsinge  of  myne. 
Yf  ye  do  so  no  more,  I  let  passe,  all  that  is  past,  and  offer 
yow  such  kywdnes,  as  ye  shall  lawfully  desire  at  my  hand^j. 
Thus  fare  ye  woll. 

Endd. l  The  mynute  of  a  \ettc\o.  drawn  by  Mr.  Moryson 
to  thabbot  of  Glastonbury 


249.   (CROMWELL)  TO  THE  (ABBOT  OF ). 

B.  M.  Cleop.  E.  iv,  f.  86 ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  573.    (Mar.  1538.) 

Assures  him  that  the  King  has  no  intention  of  suppressing  any  monastery 
unless  the  inmates  desire  it  of  their  own  accord,  or  else  act  contrary 
to  their  allegiance. 

After  my  hertie  cowmendacions.  Albeit  I  doubte  not  but 
hauyng  not  long  sithens  receyued  the  kinges  highnes  \ettcrcs 
wherein  his  maiestie  signified  vnto  you,  that  vsing  your  selffes 
Like  his  good  and  faithefull  Subiectes  his  grace  wolde  not  in 
any  wise  interrupte  you  in  your  state  and  kinde  of  lyving. 
And  that  his  pleasure  therfore  was  in  case  any  man  shuld 
declare  anything  to  the  contrary,  you  shuld  cause  hym  to  be 
apprehended  and  kept  in  sure  custodie,  till  further  knolege 
of  his  graces  pleasure,  you  wold  so  firmely  repose  yourselff 
in  the  tenour  of  the  seid  \etterts  as  no  mans  wordes  ne  any 
voluntary  surrewder  made  by  any  governor  and  Company  of 
any  Religious  house  sithens  that  tyme  shall  put  you  in  any 
dowte  or  feare  of  Suppression  or  change  of  your  kinde  of  lyff 
and  polycie,  Yet  the  most  excellent  wisdom  of  his  maiestie 
knoyng  as  well  that  of  thone  side  feare  mey  entre  apon 
a  cowtrarye  apparance,  where  the  grounde  and  Originall  is  not 
knowen,  As  on  thoder  side,  that  in  suche  cases  there  cawnot 
wa«t  some  malicious  and  cancred  hartes  that  vppon  a  volun- 
tarye  and  franke  surrender  wolde  p^rswade  and  blowe  abrode 

1  This  endorsement  is  inaccurate.      draft  of  a  circular  addressed  to  the 
It  may  possibly  refer  to  the  next      heads  of  the  Eastern  monasteries, 
letter  (Cal.  no.  573),  though  it  seems      See  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  211  n. 
more  probable  that  the  latter  is  the 

K  2 


132  LETTERS   OF  [1538 

a  genrrall  and  a  violent  Suppression,  to  thintcwt  you  shuld 
savely  adhere  to  the  Sentence  of  the  seid  \ftteres  by  his 
highness  alredy  addressed  vnto  you,  And  like  good  SubiectAT 
insuc  the  pwrporte  of  the  same  in  thapprehencion  and 
detenc/on  of  all  suche  ptrsones  as  wold  brute  or  instill  the 
cowtrarye,  Whereas  crrteyn  Govcrnours  and  Companies  of 
a  few  Religious  houses  haue  lately  made  fre  and  voluntary 
surrendres,  into  his  gracrj  hanckr,  his  graces  highnes  hathe 
commanded  me  for  your  reposes,  quyetes,  and  for  the  causes 
specified  on  his  graces  behalff  to  aduertise  you  that  onlesse 
there  had  ben  ofertures  made  by  the  seid  howses  that  haue 
resigned,  his  grace  wolde  neuer  haue  receyued  the  same  And 
that  his  maiestie  entendeth  not  in  any  wise  to  trouble  you 
or  to  devise  for  the  Suppression  of  any  Religious  howse  that 
standeth  Except  thei  shall  either  desire  of  themselffes  wit/* 
one  hoole  consent  to  resiste  and  forsake  the  same  ;  Orelles 
mysuse  themselffes  co«trarye  to  their  allegiance  In  wiche  case 
Thei  shall  desrrue  the  losse  of  moche  more  then  thei  re  howses 
and  possessions,  that  is  the  lossc  also  of  their  lyves.  Wher- 
fore  in  this  you  mey  repose  yourselff  gyvyng  yourselff  to 
serue  god  devoutly,  to  lyve  lyke  true  and  faithfull  Subjects 
to  his  maiestie,  And  to  prmiide  honestly  for  the  sustentac/on 
of  your  houses,  And  the  Releving  of  poore  people  wit/*  the 
hospitalitie  of  the  same  \v/t/*out  co//su;//pciow  and  wilful  wast 
and  spoyle  of  things  that  hathe  ben  Lately  made  in  many 
abbeis  as  though  the  Govmiers  of  them  mynded  only  their 
dissolucion,  you  mey  be  sure  that  you  shall  not  be  impechcd 
by  his  maiestie  but  that  his  grace  wol  be  your  Sheldc  or 
defence  ageinst  all  others  that  wold  mynystre  vnto  you  any 
Iniurie  or  displeasure.  And  if  any  ma«  of  what  degre  socu<*r 
he  be  shall  pronounce  anything  to  the  cowtrarye  hereof,  faile 
you  not  either  to  apprehend  hym  yf  you  shalbe  able,  or  if 
he  be  suche  a  personage  as  you  shall  not  dare  medle  w/'th 
to  wrvtc  to  his  maicstie(s)  highnes  their  name  or  names. 
And  Report  that  he  or  thei  so  lewdly  Bchavyng  themselffes 
mey  be  puwnysshed  for  the  same  as  shall  apperteyne. 

260.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  189;   Cal.  xiii.  (i)  671.    Apr.  4  (1538). 

Reports  the  conference  of  the  Imperial  ambassadors  with  the  commis- 
sioners appointed  to  consult  with  them.  There  were  never  so  many 
gay  words  to  so  little  effect. 

Maister   Wiat  Aftre  my  right   harty  commendac/bns  By 
this  berer  you  shall  receyvc  the  kinges  highnes  If/tfrcs  by 


1538]  THOMAS    CROMWELL  133 

the  contynue  wherof  you  shall  prrceyve  soo  largely  what 
hathe  been  doon  here  that  I  shall  not  nede  to  make  any 
repetiabn  of  the  same,  only  I  thought  mete  to  signifie  vnto 
you  that  if  thise  men  here  wold  haue  com  to  any  pece  of 
reason  they  might  prrcace  haue  doon  themselfcr  more  good 
thenne  they  haue  doon  There  were  appointed  as  commis- 
sioners to  cowmen  witA  them,  my  lord  of  Canterbury,  my 
lord  Chauncelowr  my  lord  of  SufiW£,  meself,  my  lord  Admyral 
the  bisshops  of  hereforde  and  chichestre  and  Maister  Russel 
nowe  Comptroller,  all  thise  prrsonnes  had  conference  \vitA 
them  at  curry  meating  And  in  the  cow/mission  was  also 
my  lord  of  NornW£  and  the  bisshop  of  Duresme,  but  they 
were  absent,  by  this  you  may  see  they  were  not  slenderly 
estemed,  and  sure  I  am  and  dare  boldly  affirme  it,  I  neuer 
harde  soo  many  gaye  wordes,  and  sawe  soo  litle  effecte 
ensue  of  the  same  sithens  I  was  borne  befor  this  tyme,  but 
by  this  I  maye  wel  see  that  there  is  skant  any  good  faithe 
in  this  world.  The  kinges  Ma^jte  dothe  moche  mrrvail 
that  you  sende  your  \etteres  open  to  my  lorde  of  Winchestre, 
for  Albeit  his  grace  dothe  not  mistrust  him,  yet  he  noteth 
some  foly  in  you  to  doo  it  w/t^out  his  expresse  cowmaunde- 
ment,  and  willed  me  taduertise  youe  that  you  shal  in  no 
wise  vse  it  heraftre,  if  he  woll  breake  them  he  may  doo  it 
at  his  prril,  but  nowe  the  faulte  is  in  you.  whiche  neurrthe- 
less  for  that  whiche  is  past  is  pardoned.  By  the  next 
messangers  Doctowr  haynes  deane  of  Excestre  and  docto//r 
Boner  Archedeacon  of  leicestre  you  shall  here  of  the  signa- 
ture of  your  bill  for  Augmentaobn  of  dietter  Thus  in  the 
meane  season  Fare  you  hartely  well  From  St.  James  the 
iiijth  of  April. 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  loving  Freende  Maister  Wiat  the  kingly 
Ambassadowr  vtit/t  Themp^rowr. 

Endd.  My  lord  pr/vi  sele  of  the  v  of  Aprill  by  francisco 
the  xij  of  the  same  at  barsolona 

251.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  COBHAM. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  283,  f.  204;   Cal.  xiii.  (i)  680.    Apr.  5  (1538). 

The  King  has  appointed  him  to  sit  upon  the  trial  of  Knell,  accused  of 
treason. 

After  my  right  herty  recowmendac/ons  to  yowr  lordship, 
forasmoche  as  the   kingrj   maiestye    hathe   appointed   you 


134  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

among™  other  by  his  Commission  of  Oyer  and  determyn/r,  to 
sit  vpon  the  tryall  of  knell  being  accused  of  Treason,  his 
pleasi/r  was,  that  I  shuld  signifye  his  maiesties  desire  to  be 
that  herkynnyng  to  my  lord  of  Wiltshire,  who  is  the  Chief 
Cowmissiorvr  in  the  said  Comission,  you  shall  give  yowr 
attendance  for  that  pi/rpose,  And  to  handle  the  mater  for 
yowr  p<?rte,  with  suche  a  dexterite  as  the  offendowr  may  be 
punished  according  to  Justice.  Thus  fare  you  hertcly  well. 
From  Saint  James  the  Vth  day  of  Aprill. 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
Add.  To  my  veray  good  lord,  my  lord  Cobham. 

252.  CROMWELL  TO  <LORD  HUNGERFORD)  !. 

Longford  Castle  MSS. ;  not  in  Cal.    April  7  (1538). 

Desires  him  to  examine  William  Irish  and  others,  and  to  report  to 
Cromwell. 

Thies  shalbe  to  advertise  you  that  havyng  received  your 
lettres  of  the  27*  of  Marche  I  declared  the  same  unto  the 
Kinges  Highnes  who  takes  the  same  very  thankefully  &  in 
good  parte.  Willing  and  desiring  you  further  to  examyne 
as  well  the  same  William  Yrishe  as  all  others  that  were 
present  att  the  spekyng  of  the  wordes  by  you  in  yowr  sayd 
lettres  mencioned.  Upon  what  grounde  or  occasion,  to  what 
intent  and  effect  what  moved  hym  thcrunto  what  tyme  & 
place  &  under  what  maner  and  affect  he  spake  those  wordes, 
with  as  moche  diligence  and  maturitie  as  ye  maye.  And 
that  doon  to  ccrtific  me  of  your  said  examinacion  with  spede 
whcrupon  ye  shalbe  further  adcertayned  of  the  kinges  High- 
nes pleasure  howe  the  said  person  shalbe  further  ordered  in 
that  behalf,  praying  you  in  the  mcanc  tyme  to  see  the  same 
kept  in  sure  warde  accordingly.  S1  James  beside  Westminster 
7  April 

Signed. 

253.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  HarL  MSS.  282,  f.  193 ;   Cal.  xiii.  (i)  710.    Apr.  8  (1538). 

Has  obtained  an  increase  of  his  diets.    His  friends  at  Court  have  been 
very  slack.    Advises  him  to  '  quycken  them '  with  his  letters. 

Maister  Wiat  aftre  myn  harty  cowmendac/bns  bicause  you 
shal  psrceyve  by  thinstructions  nowe  made  to  thise  bercrs 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  135 

and  by  their  relac/on  the  hole  discours  of  all  matier  of  Impor- 
tance touching  the  k'mges  Ma/Vjte,  I  shall  not  be  tedious 
herin  wit/*  any  repetic/bn  of  the  same,  only  by  thise  you  shal 
knowe  that  according  to  my  promise  I  haue  obteyned  yo«r 
warrant  for  thaugmentaabn  of  your  dictifs  a  nvrke  by  the 
daye,  soo  that  nowe  you  haue  a  daily  allowance  of  liiijs.  iiijd. 
whiche  oodde  shilling  above  foure  mrrkes  is  also  converted  to 
Mr.  Mason.  \our  Agents  here  if  you  haue  any  be  very 
slack  to  call  vppon  any  man  for  you.  your  brother  hawte 
was  not  thries  here  sithens  you  went,  and  the  rest  I  here 
nothing  of  onles  it  be  whenne  nothing  is  to  be  doon.  I  neuer 
sawe  man  that  had  soo  many  Freendes  here,  leave  soo  fewe 
p^rfite  freend^r  behinde  him.  Quycken  them  wit/*  your 
letfcres  and  in  the  meane  season  as  I  haue  been  soo  shall  I  be 
bothe  your  Freende  and  your  sollicitowr  Thus  Fare  you 
hartely  well  From  St.  James  the  viij"1  of  April 

Herwit/*  you  shal  receyve  a  lettere  from  Maister  pate  to 
Brancetowr.  I  pray  you  delyuer  it  and  sollicite  thanswer  to 
the  same,  if  Brancetowr  woll  com  home  you  may  tel  him 
I  doubt  not  but  he  shal  fynde  the  k'mges  highnes  his  good 
and  gracious  lorde.  And  I  shall  not  fayle  to  take  suche 
ordre  wit//  his  creditors  as  he  shalbe  in  quiet  and  out  of  all 
daunger. 

"Your  louyng  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  myw  assured  loving  Frende  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt 
knyght  the  king^j  Ambassador  resident  with  Themp^rowr. 

Endd.  My  lord  pr*Vi  sele  of  the  v  of  Apryll  by  Mr.  haines 
and  Mr.  bonar  at  nyce  the  x  of  may. 

254.   CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  810.    Apr.  20  (1538). 

Has  received  his  letters.    Discusses  the  report  of  the  priest.     Has  sent 
money  to  Calais. 

After  my  right  herty  and  most  aflectuouse  Comme«dations 
to  your  Lordship,  the  same  shal  undrstand  that  I  have 
receyved  your  k/teres  of  the  xv  of  this  present  month  and 
also  perused  the  Report  of  a  preste  therin  conteyned  for  the 
whiche  I  geve  vnto  your  Lordship  most  herty  thanks.  The 
newes  be  good  but  oone  doubte  is  in  it  whither  they  be  true 
or  no.  If  they  be  true  then  it  is  Like  that  prince  who  shuld 
so  answer  is  an  unfayned  frynd  to  the  kinges  ma&rte.  If  they 


136  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

be  vntruc  or  cllfs  they  be  fayncd  by  the  gentilma*  that 
reported  them  at  his  bowrde  or  elk*  by  the  preste  self  It  is 
harde  to  Juge.  I  have  caused  money  to  be  sent  thither  I 
think  it  be  arryved  then-  by  this.  If  not  I  woll  not  faile  upon 
adurrtisemewt  thereof  by  you  to  be  geven  to  cause  them  that 
haue  the  conveyaunce  thereof  to  make  mor*  celerite.  '  Thus 
Fare  ye  right  hertely  well.  From  London  this  XXth  of 
Aprill 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To   my  very  good  Lord   the  Visconte   Lisle  Lord 
deputie  of  the  icings  Town  and  marches  of  Calais. 


255.   CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  291 ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  832.    Apr.  24,  1538. 
Desires  that  the  matter  in  dispute  between  them  be  forgotten. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendacibns  to  yowr  lordshippe 
Bicause  the  repeticibn  of  suche  contencyous  matier  as  ha  the 
been  writcn  betwene  vs  shuld  be  but  displeasant  and  noysome 
to  bothe  parties,  I  shall  laye  the  same  aparte,  and  for  an 
entre  to  owr  former  fac/ons  of  writing,  only  adurrtise  youe 
that  howesoeuer  you  haue  taken  me,  I  haue  shewed  myself 
yo«r  frecnde  whenne  the  tyme  and  occasion  ha  the  s/rued,  and 
haue  not  writen  more  at  any  season  vnto  you  in  any  matier 
thenne  the  kinges  highnes  hathe  befor  the  sending  of  it  furthe 
perused,  And  therfor  I  thought  meself  the  more  touched,  that 
for  my  gentlenes  I  shuld  receyve  suche  vnkinde  answers. 
But  as  I  haue  nowe  given  place  to  yo//r  courage,  soo  I  shall 
put  those  maticrs  in  obliuion  that  haue  thus  passed  bctwcne 
vs  And  soo  Fare  you  hartely  well  From  Stepncye  the  xxiiijiu 
of  April  at  night. 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  lord  my  lord  of  Winchestre  the 
Vyngfs  Ambassadowr  in  the  Court  of  France 

Endd.  From  Stepney  the  xxiiijth  of  April  30  &£»*'  Rsgis 
The  lorde  privie  seal 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  137 

256.  CROMWELL  TO  <  ROLAND  LEE,  BISHOP  OF 
COVENTRY  AND  LICHFIELD). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  765.    (Apr.  1538.) 

Desires  Lee  to  send  him  an  advowson  for  the  assignment  of  a  prebend  in 
the  church  of  Lichfield,  for  a  friend  of  his  nephew  Richard  Cromwell. 

After  my  right  hertie  commendac/ons  vnto  your  Lordship 
Forasmoche  as  my  nepvoye  Richard  Crumwell  is  moche 
desirous  to  haue  the  disposicion  and  assig;/me;/t  of  a  pr^bende 
in  your  churche  of  Lichefeld  to  preferre  a  right  honest  man, 
and  a  nere  frende  of  his  thervnto  And  for  thaccomplishcmcwt 
thereof  hathe  heretofore  sent  vnto  you  an  advoyson  all  redye 
wryten  to  haue  the  prrsentac/bn  and  title  of  preferment  of 
one  of  thre  named  in  the  said  voyson  whiche  first  shall  chance 
to  be  com*'  vacant  there  Thiese  shalbe  to  desire  and  most 
hertelie  praye  your  Lordshipp  to  tendre  my  said  nepvoyes 
suet  And  to  send  vnto  him  by  this  bearer l  the  said  advouson 
signed  and  sealed  aswell  vnder  your  scale  as  the  chapiter 
scale  of  the  said  churche  accordinglie.  Wherein  your  so  doyng 
ye  shall  administer  vnto  me  suche  thakfull  pleasowr  as  I  shall 
not  faile  to  haue  the  same  in  remembrance  when  occasion  shall 
occurr.  Further  desiring  your  Lordshipp  to  adurrtise  me  by 
your  letteres  of  your  good  conformetie  herein.  Thus  most 
hertelie  Fare  your  lordship  (well) 

Endd.  Thabbot  of  Kyllingworthe 

257.   CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  200;   Cal.  xiii.  (i)  916.     May  4  (1538). 

He  will  receive  by  the  bearer  instructions  how  to  proceed  as  regards  the 
overture  made  by  Francis.  The  King  is  displeased  at  his  slowness  in 
giving  information. 

After  my  right  hartie  cowmendac/ons  by  this  berer  you 
shall  Receyue  the  kinges  hieghnes  let  feres  signifying  an  ouer- 
ture  made  vnto  his  Maiestie  by  the  Frenche  King  w/th  an 
Instrucczbn  howe  you  shall  vse  and  behaue  yourselfor  in  the 
same  whiche  I  doubt  not  you  woll  duely  waye  and  consider 
And  so  precede  therein  whether  it  be  proponed  according  to 
the  diuise  or  obiected  vnto  you,  as  his  Majesties  honowr  may 
be  preserued  and  his  cow/moditie  therewith  wrought  to  his 
graces  satisfactyon.  Moche  his  Maiestie  dothe  m^rvil  that 
you  Maister  Wiat  is  not  more  spedye  in  your  aduertise- 
menies  considering  the  tyme  and  thimportaunce  of  affaires 

1  In  the  margin :  Aste 


138  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

no  we  in  treatie  amongtt  chrir/ien  prince,  It  shal  be  good 
that  you  rcdubbc  that  negligence  Thus  Fare  ye  hcrtely  wel 
from  St  James  beside  Westminster  the  iiiith  day  of  Maye 

Yo«r  louyng  assuryd  freind 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  myn  Assured  loving  Freendes  sir  Thomas  Wiat 
knight  Mr.  doctowr  Haynes  and  Mr.  doctowr  Boner  the 
King«  Oratowrs  v/itA  Themprrowr 


258.  CROMWELL  TO  GARDINER,  BRIAN,  AND  THIRLEBY. 

B.  M.  Add.  MSS.  25,114,  f.  302  ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  918.     May  4,  1538. 

As  the  King  distrusts  the  French  ambassador,  who  has  offered  to  take  his 
letters  to  Gardiner,  he  sends  them  by  Gardiner's  servant. 

After  my  right  herty  commendations  vnto  you  Thies  shal 
be  to  aduertise  you  that  wheras  the  Frenshe  ambassado//r  did 
very  gentilly  offre  to  have  conveyed  the  king«  highnes  \ftteres 
to  you  by  his  Currour,  which  he  intendeth  to  despeche  at 
this  tyme,  the  saide  offre  being  so  gentilly  and  after  suche 
a  kyndc  fashon  made  could  not  be  refused  w/'t//oute  significa- 
c/on  of  som  maner  of  diffidence  or  mistrust  yet  neverthcles 
the  kinges  Ma/Vjte  connsydering  it  to  be  expedient  for  sundry 
causes  that  ye  shuld  have  Indilayed  knowlege  of  all  things 
and  that  prrchaunce  by  the  negligence  of  the  ministrcs  or 
otherwise  the  dcliurawce  of  his  gracrj  lettetcs  myght  be,  If 
they  shuld  be  conveyed  by  the  said  Ambassado//rs  poste 
retarded.  Thinking  it  expedient  that  ye  may  have  them 
afore,  hath  appoincted  the  said  Iftteres  to  be  conveyed  by 
Muryell  srruaunt  to  you  my  lorde  of  Wynchestre,  And  for 
satisfaction  and  contentment  of  the  said  Ambassadowr  and 
lest  he  shuld  conceyve  any  part  of  mistrust  or  diffidence 
I  have  thought  by  his  Currowr  to  despeche  vnto  you  thies 
presentes  as  the  kinges  packet  cowteynyng  the  pr/ncipall 
despeche,  and  sent  it  vnto  hym  after  the  departure  of  the 
said  Muriell,  to  thentent  he  myght  prevente  thambassadoftrs 
poste  and  you  have  leasur*  to  consulte  and  advise  vpon  the 
same  accordingly  as  shal  apprrtcyne  Thus  Fare  ye  right 
hertely  well  From  St.  James  besidrj  Westminster  this  iiiilh 
daye  of  Maye. 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
Add.  To  my  loving  freendrj  my  Lorde  of  Wynchestre  Sir 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  139 

Fraunc^  Brian  and  Mr.  Thirleby  the  kinges  Ambassadors  in 
Fraunce 

Endd.  From  Saint  James  4W  Maij  30  R.  R.  Lorde  Pnvie 
seal — In  hast,  hast,  post  hast 

259.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  RICHARD  RICHE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  928.     May  5  (1538). 
Has  appointed  an  annual  pension  of  ,£100  to  the  late  Abbot  of  Kenihvorth. 

After  my  right  harty  commendations  thes  bee  to  aduertise 
yow,  thatt  for  suche  reasonable  causes  as  the  commissionars 
haue  more  att  large  informyd  me  of,  I  haue  appoyntyd  the 
late  Abbot  of  Kenellworth  for  his  pension  one  hundred  pownd 
yerly  during  his  lif  to  bee  payed  vn/0  hym  att  lyke  dayes 
and  after  lyke  sorte  as  the  same  is  accustomyd  to  bee  payed 
to  others  in  his  case,  praying  you  ondilayedly  to  cause  his 
sayd  pension  to  bee  entryd  in  your  book^r  and  his  assurance 
to  be  sealyd  vppon  the  same  as  spedyly  as  yow  may.  And 
Thus  hartely  fare  yow  well  from  saynt  James  the  vlh  of  Maye 

Yowr  louyng  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  myn  assuryd  loving  Freend  Sir  Richard  Riche 
Knight  Chauncelowr  of  the  courte  of  the  Augmentations. 

Endd.  My  Lordes  Letteres  Syngnyfing  to  my  Mr.  he 
hath  apoyncted  the  Abbot  of  Kenelworth  for  his  yerlie 
penc/on  c.  li. 

260.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  936.     May  6  (1538). 

Reproves  him  for  not  sending  information  about  the  Sacramentaries  in 
the  town  of  Calais.  Desires  him  to  look  into  the  matter,  and  report 
the  result  of  his  inquiry  at  once.  Cf.  Letters,  263,  268. 

After  my  right  hartie  Cowmendac/ons  to  your  Lordshipp 
Where  I  am  aduertised  that  of  late  it  hathe  been  Signifyed 
from  thens  to  my  lorde  of  Herforde,  Maister  Threasourer  of 
the  king?.r  Maiesties  Houshold  Maister  brown  and  others  That 
the  Towne  of  Calys  shuld  be  in  som  misorder  by  certayn 
Sacramentaries  alleaged  to  be  in  the  same,  I  cannot  a  litle 
mervail  that  your  Lordshipp  having  good  knowleage  and 
experience  of  my  good  wil  and  contynuel  desire  to  the 
repression  of  errours  and  to  thestablishmewt  of  oon  perfyt 
unytie  in  opinion  among^  vs  al  the  kingrj  Maiestcs  people 
and  Subjects  wold  not  vouchsauf  to  gyve  me  some  know- 
leage if  there  be  any  suche  Lewde  persons  among^r  you. 


140  LETTERS  OF  [i 

I  doubt  not  but  your  Lordshipp  knowcth  bothc  howe  moche 
I  doo  cstcame  that  the  kingrj  hieghnes  towne  as  my  dueutie 
requyreth  and  howe  wel  I  haue  (I  thank  god)  hitherto  con- 
sidered what  daunger  might  ensue  vnto  it,  by  Diuersitc  of 
opinion  specially  in  mattiers  soo  high  and  weightye  doing 
ever  myn  office  as  I  might  to  quiet  al  things  w/th  an  honest 
charite  that  haue  Lightly  insurged  among«  you.  But  leaving 
this  parte  I  shal  addresse  my  self  to  my  purpose  which  is  to 
Signefye  vnto  you  that  the  king«  Maiestie  being  desirous  to 
knowe  the  truthe  of  these  mattiers  hath  willed  and  cowman nded 
me  to  write  vnto  you  and  to  the  rest  of  his  Counseil  there  that 
you  shal  assemble  yourselfes  togithcr  and  make  due  and 
circumspect  inquisic/on  of  this  and  al  other  suche  matters  as 
doo  or  may  in  anywise  interupt  the  quiet  and  vnyte  that 
shuld  be  there  amonges  you.  And  of  the  same  to  aduertis 
agayn  witA  convenient  diligens  by  this  Bcrer  whom  I  haue 
sent  thither  for  that  purpose  Having  suche  regarde  to  the 
serious  and  iuste  examynation  and  handeling  thereof  as  his 
Maiestie  may  see  the  p^rfyt  truth  dyuided  from  mennes  corrupt 
affections  of  fauowr  malyce  or  displcaswr.  Which  shal  bothe 
moche  advaunce  the  reformation  of  things  if  it  soo  require, 
and  declare  you  which  be  put  in  trust  there  to  be  men  of  that 
sorte  that  shal  beseame  you  towardes  the  mayntenaunce  of 
trouth  and  honestie  and  the  Repression  of  the  contrary  as 
apperteynith.  Thus  Fare  you  hertelywel.  From  St.  James 
the  vi  of  Maye 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  Lorde  the  Viscounte  Lisle  deputie 
of  the  king«  towne  and  Marches  of  Calays 

261.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  ff.  191  *,  202  ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  967.    May  10  (1538). 

Informs  him  of  the  King's  grief  at  finding  the  Emperor  so  cold  to  England, 
and  so  favourable  towards  the  Pope. 

Mr.  Wiat  after  my  right  hertie  commendations  by  your 
lr//rres  of  the  XXVth  of  the  last  moneth  the  Kinges  Ma/>j/* 
is  aduertiscd  of  your  discourse  had  wit//  thempmwr  vppn 
tharrival  of  the  dispeche  by  Francisco  and  to  be  playn  witAt 
you  the  King«  Maifste  and  al  we  of  his  counsel  finde  suche  a 
coldnes  in  it  that  we  be  muche  sory  to  remcmbrc  t/iat  so  many 
good  word«  showld  bring  furthe  "deadcs  and  be1  and 

1  F.  191  is  all  in  cipher  except  scribed  from  f.  202,  a  contemporary 
the  signature.  This  copy  is  tran-  decipher.  *  sit. 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  141 

besides  his  Maieste  is  aduertised  from  sundry  parties  how  all 
this  meting  the  counseil  and  al  thyng^r  don  for  the  benefit 
and  glory  of  romc  be  set  furth  and  avanced  by  Themprrowr 
that  he  dothe  but  to  dyvise  to  mocke  al  the  world  by  practises 
\\ith  faire  wordes  for  his  owne  purpos  I  pray  god  those  newes 
and  aduertisementer  may  be  by  his  good  deoVj  shewed  fals 
it  were  grete  ruthes  that  a  prince  of  his  honour  shal  entende 
so  corruptly  whereof  I  give  you  knowleage  that  you  may 
eyther  bring  things  a  better  steye  or  discifre  thuntruth  that 
the  malice  thereof  may  be  better  prevented,  thus  fare  ye 
hertely  well  From  Westminster  the  xth  of  May 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  Freende  sir  Thomas  Wyat 
Knight  the  king^r  Ambassadowr  with  Themperowr 

262.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  MAYOR  OF  ROCHESTER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  980.    May  12  (1538). 

Charges  him  to  suffer  no  more  corn  to  be  conveyed  out  of  the  realm,  and 
to  appear  before  Cromwell  to  answer  for  his  former  transgressions  of 
the  laws  of  the  land  in  that  respect. 

After  my  hartye  cowmendac/ons,  Where  as  I  am  crediblye 
info//rmed  that  ye  haue  and  dayli  doo  sufifre  moche  corne  to 
be  caried  out  of  that  countreye  and  cowueyed  into  the  parties 
beyonde  the  see  without  any  sprnall  warant  or  Licence  had  of 
the  king^j  highnes  therunto  as  well  to  the  greate  hynderaunce 
of  the  countrey  about  as  to  the  evyll  example  of  other.  Thies 
shalbe  aswell  to  aduertise  and  charge  you  in  the  kinges 
highnes  behalf  that  frowhcnsforth  ye  suffre  no  more  corne  to 
be  co/jueycd  out  of  those  paries,  where  ye  haue  Jurisdiction, 
as  Also  to  be  and  appere  here  afore  me  immediately  vpon  the 
reccpt  herof  to  answere  for  that  ye  haue  hetherto  doonr  and 
permitted  For  the  which  yf  ye  can  not  the  better  declare 
yowrself  I  shal  so  Loke  vpon  you  as  it  shalbe  to  heavy  for  you 
to  beare.  Not  faillyng  herof  as  ye  will  answere  the  king« 
highnes  for  the  cowtrarie  at  yo//r  further  perill.  And  thus 
Fare  ye  well.  From  Sainct  James  beside  Westminster  the 
xii1*1  daye  of  Maie. 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  Loving  freende  Mr.  Maio//r  of  Rochester. 
Endd.  The  lordc  Crumwell,  cowmaundinge  that  no  corne  be 
hereaftrr  transported 


142  LETTERS   OF 

263.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  996.    May  14  (1538). 

Promises  to  obtain  the  King's  order  for  the  repairs  necessary  at  Calais. 
Instructions  for  the  treatment  of  the  Sacramentarics,  and  quieting 
the  disturbance  caused  by  pulling  down  the  image  of  Our  Lady  in 
the  Wall  Cf.  Letters,  260,  268. 

After  my  right  harty  cowmendac/bns  to  your  Lordshippe 
by  your  Lr//iTes  of  the  viii"1  of  this  Moneth  which  I  haue 
Receyued  w/'t//  thother  writinges  sent  wyth  the  same  I  doo 
perceyue  bothe  the  Ruyne  of  certain  partes  of  that  towne 
meate  to  be  repayred  and  the  disscntyon  amonges  you  vppon 
certayn  lewde  woordes  and  the  pulling  downc  of  the  ymage  of 
oure  Ladye  in  the  Wall.  Touching  the  Reparations  I  shall 
move  the  Kinges  Maiestic  therein  and  obteyn  I  trust  suchc 
order  for  the  same  as  shalbe  conveniewt  for  his  honour  and  the 
suretic  of  his  towne.  Touching  the  woordtt  pretended  to  be 
spoken  in  contempt  of  the  sacrament  if  your  Lordshippe 
ioynyng  suwme  others  of  the  counsail  wyth  youe  wyll  take 
payne  to  examyne  the  very  trouthe  of  them  vppon  your 
aduertisemcnt  suche  directyon  shalbe  taken  for  the  reforma- 
tyon  of  suchc  as  shalbe  foundc  oflfcndours  therein  as  shalbe 
consonant  to  Justice.  And  as  concernyng  the  pulling  downc 
of  the  Ymage  thoughe  it  be  thought  that  many  abuses  and 
Fonde  supersticions  were  maynteyned  by  the  same,  yet  if  yt 
were  taken  downe  after  any  suche  sorte  as  implyed  a  contemptc 
of  comen  Auctoritie  or  might  haue  made  any  tumulte  in  the 
people  vppon  your  significac/on  thereof  suche  Lyke  ordrc 
shalbe  taken  therein  as  shalbe  thought  most  expedient. 
Thus  Fare  you  hertely  wel.  From  saynt  James  the  xiiii  daye 
of  Maye. 

I  thankc  you  very  hertely  for  your  \ctteres  and  aduertise- 
mentrj  And  where  as  ye  wrytc  vnto  me  that  there  is  plenty  of 
wyne  I  pray  you  prouide  for  me  iii  tonne  of  gascoigne  Wyne 
and  oone  tonne  of  Frenche  wyne  of  the  best  and  send  it  vnto 
me  by  the  next  signifying  the  price  thereof  and  ye  shall  haue 
your  money  repayed  w/th  condigne  and  right  hartie  thank/*; 
and  the  same  pleaswr  to  be  requited  and  Remembered  accord- 
ingly. And  thus  Fare  ye  right  hartely  wel 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  good  Lorde  the  Vicountc  Lisle  Lordc 
deputie  of  the  towne  of  Calays  and  the  Marches  of  the  same 

Endd.  my  lorde  pryveseallis 


1538]  THOMAS    CROMWELL  143 

264.  CROMWELL  TO  <SiR  RICHARD  RICHE,)  CHANCELLOR 
OF  THE  AUGMENTATIONS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiiL  (i)  1051.     May  23  (1538). 

In  favour  of  Thomas  Lacock,  priest.    He  is  to  have  a  pension  of  four 
marks,  and  a  warrant  for  his  'capacity.' 

Mr.  Chauncellowr  after  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons. 
Where  as  this  berer  Sir  Thomas  Lacoke  preste  was  one  of  the 
Brethern  of  the  Late  Monasterie  of  Kingeswood  and  at  the 
tyme  of  the  dissolucion  of  the  same  was  foorth  of  that  house 
about  the  miwzstracion  of  the  gospell,  vpon  his  peticion  made 
vnto  me  for  a  co«uenie«t  pension  I  thought  good  to  awarde 
hym  foure  markes  pension  during  his  lif,  with  his  Capacitie 
free.  Thies  shalbe  therfor  to  desire  you  to  make  hym  foorth 
aswell  thassurance  for  the  said  pension  as  also  a  warant  for 
his  Capacitie  to  be  had  free  taking  of  hym  a  renunciation  &  a 
surrender  of  all  his  title  &  interest  in  the  said  Late  monasterie 
accordingly.  And  thus  hartely  Fare  ye  well.  From  Sainct 
James  the  xxiiith  of  Maie. 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  Louyng  frende  Mr.  Chauncellowr  of  the 
"kinges  highnes  Cowrte  of  Augmentacions. 

Endd.  My  Lordes  "Letters  for  A  pencion  for  A  Religiouse 
(of)  Kyngeswood 

265.  CROMWELL  TO  HAYNES  AND  BONNER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1146.    June  8,  1538. 

Instructs  them   to   inform   the  Emperor  that  the  King  takes  Wyatt's 
message  in  good  part,  and  will  soon  send  back  a  satisfactory  answer. 

After  my  right  harty  Cowmendacz'ons  Where  Maister  Wiat 
who  arryved  here  the  thirde  of  this  present  amonges  other 
thinges  declared  that  Themperours  Maiestie  had  gevin  but 
xxv  dayes  for  his  Return  vnto  hym  wyth  aunswere  to  suche 
thinges  as  were  co#*mytted  to  his  declaracion  Forasmuche  as 
byreason  of  the  being  a  parte  of  Themperours  Ambassadowrs 
thone  kcping  at  Ratclif  thother  at  Mortlake  they  could  not 
put  themselfes  in  arcdynes  to  haue  accessc  to  the  kinges 
hieglmes  presence  before  this  the  vi  of  this  instant  at  after  none. 
And  that  the  matyers  nowe  entreated  be  of  suche  importaunce 
as  his  Maiestie  must  of  necessyte  haue  some  tyme  to  waye 
and  consyder  them  that  his  aunswere  may  be  the  more  certain 
and  convenient  for  thcmperours  satisfacczon,  His  Maiestie 
perceiving  that  Maister  Wyat  cannot  possibly  return  wythin 


144  LETTERS  OF  [i 

the  tyme  Lymytcd,  Albeit  it  is  signifyed  hither  from  the 
parties  of  beyond  the  Sees  that  the  princrj  there  shuld  be 
clcrcly  broken  from  al  further  p^rlemcnt,  Yet  Least  the 
Emperour  shulde  take  any  damage  by  the  co«tynuaunce  of  his 
expcctac/bn  for  Maistcr  Wiat*\r  Return  w/t//in  the  space  ap- 
poynted  or  by  protracc/on  of  his  tymc  for  iii  or  tiii  dayes  lengre 
Considering  the  said  Maister  Wyat  cannot  be  then  convenient 
skant  wit//in  vi  or  viii  daycs  after  the  tyme  prescribed,  His 
Maiestie  having  commaunded  Maister  Wyat  to  aduertisc 
Monsi/wr  de  Grandevela  hereof  willed  me  Likewise  to  signifye 
it  vnto  you  to  thintcnt  that  taking  your  oportune  accesse  to 
Themperour  youe  may  aduertisc  his  Maiestie  thereof,  Like  as 
his  graces  pleaswr  is  you  shal  doo  accordingly  ioynyng  wyth 
you  Maister  Mason  as  his  Maiesties  Secretry  to  declare 
your  purpose  for  that  having  the  tongue  he  may  doo  soo  it 
more  fully  thenne  you  could  percace  easly  vtter  the  same. 
Making  first  his  hieghnes  most  hartye  Cowmendac/ons  wit// 
declaratyon  that  his  Maiestie  taketh  the  chardge  of  the  said 
Maister  Wyat  in  very  good  and  thankful  p#rte,  and  wol  w/tA 
as  good  diligence  as  may  be  conueniently  dispeche  wyth 
such  aunswere  and  cow/mission  as  you  may  saye  you  trust 
certaynely  by  the  discourse  of  your  \fticres  shalbe  to  his  con- 
tentac/bn  and  to  the  good  of  hoole  Christendom,  And  for  your 
better  instrucc/on  you  shal  also  Receyve  a  double  of  the  \ettsre 
sent  from  the  said  'Master  Wyat  to  Monsuv/r  Grandevela 
Which  you  may  peruse  and  Consider  as  shall  appertein.  Thus 
Fare  right  hcrtely  well  From  Cheleshith  this  viii111  of  Juny 
the  xxxth  yere  of  his  graov  most  noble  Regne 
Mr.  Wyot  shal  sende  you  the  copie  of  his  Ir/teres. 

Yowr  louyng  Frcend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  Freend«  Maister  Doctoi/r 
Haynes  deane  of  Excetowr  and  Mr.  Doctowr  Boner  archdeacon 
of  Leycestre  the  kingrj  ambassadowrs  vtith  Themprr^wr 

Etidd.  Rec.  at  Villa  Fra/rca  &  brought  by  Fra//c«  Satwr- 
daye,  videlicet  xv°  Junii : 

266.  <CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  BISHOP  OF ). 

B.  M.  Cleop.  E.  iv,  £.9;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1304.    (June,  1538.) 

A  circular,  instructing  the  Bishop  to  cause  the  Bible  in  English  to  be  laid 
forth  openly  in  every  church  and  house,  in  order  that  the  truth  of 
God's  Word  may  be  brought  before  the  people.  Cf.  Letters,  159,273. 

After  my  Right  harty  commendations,  Wheras  the  kingrj 
highnes  mynding  to  sett  forthe  the  glorye  of  god,  and  the 


THOMAS  CROMWELL  145 

truthe  of  his  worde  hath  as  well  in  his  own  person,  as  by 
other  his  ministers  travaylyd  to  bring  the  same  playnly  and 
sinccrly  to  the  knowlege  of  his  subiecter,  and  for  thatt  pur- 
pose nott  only  in  the  late  visitation  exercised  by  authorite  of 
his  maiestie,  butt  also  att  other  tymes,  and  other  wayes  hath 
ordeynyd  many  godly  ordinauncrj  and  Iniw/ctions,  and  giuen 
also  sondry  strayte  commawndmentoj  as  well  to  yow  as  to  all 
other  persones  ecclesiasticall  of  all  sorter  and  degres  wit/tin 
this  his  Realme  Forasmoche  as  it  is  come  to  his  graces  know- 
lege thatt  his  sayd  ordinauncrj  commawndmentor  and  Iniu«c- 
tions  have  byn  very  remysly  hitherto  observyd,  kept  and  obeyd 
w/t//in  your  diocese,  and  his  highnes  people  ther  for  want  of 
the  sincere  and  true  teaching  of  the  worde  of  God  suffryd  to 
lye  and  dwell  contynually  in  theyr  olde  ignorance  and  blindnes, 
his  gracr^  pleasure  and  expresse  commawndment  is  thatt  yow 
having  a  more  vigilant  eye,  and  better  respecte  to  his  highnes 
sayd  commawndment  and  ordinaunces  cause  the  same,  and 
eurry  of  them  to  bee  duly  publissyd  and  obs^ruyd  forseing  as 
well   in   yowr   own   person   as   by  your   archdecons   chaun- 
celars  officials  deanes  Rurall  and  other  ministers  thatt  all  suche 
Curator  and  other  persons  eccl^jiasticall  as  after  this  many 
callings  on  shall  be  fownd  negligent  remisse  or  stoburn  in 
the   fulfylling  of  them    or   any   of  them    receyue   for  ther 
transgression  in  thatt  behaulf  suche  punisshment  as  in  the 
sayd  ordinaunc^j   is  conteyned  and  more  as  to  yowr  dis- 
cretion shall  be  seen  mete  and  convenyent.     And  furthar  his 
graces  pleasure  and  high  commawndment  is  thatt  yow  w*V* 
no   lesse  circumspection    and    diligence   cause    the  bible   in 
Englissc  to  be  layd  ferthe  openly  in  your  own  howses  and 
thatt  the  same  be  in  lyke  maner  openly  layd  forth  in  curry 
parisshe  churche  att  the  charges  and  cosies  of  the  parsones 
and   vicars,   that   euery   man   hauing  free   accesse   to  it  by 
reading  of  the  same  may  bothe  be  the  more  apte  to  vnder- 
stande  the  declaration  of  it  att  the  preachars  mowthe,  and 
also  the  more  hable  to  teache  and  instructe  his  wif,  chyldern 
and    famylye    att   home,    Commawnding    neurrthelesse,    all 
curator  and  other  preachars  w/t/rin  thatt  your  diocese  thatt 
they  att  all   tymes,  and  specially   now   att   the   begynning 
exhorte  and  requyre  the  people  to  vse  and  reade  the  bible 
so  left  amongrj  them  according  to  the  teno;/r  of  an  instruc- 
tion whiche  ye  shall  receyue  herin  inclosed  to  be  send  to 
eurry  curate  wit/t  a  certayn  day  by  yow  to  be  appoyntyd 
w/t//in  the  whiche  the  bible  in  englysshe  bee  as  is  aforsayd 
layed  forthc  in  eurry  churche. 


MERRIMAN.    II 


146  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

B.  M.  Cleop.  E.  v,  f.  344 ;  CaL  xUi.  (i)  1304  (a).    (June,  1538.) 

Royal  Injunctions  to  curates,  concerning  the  method  and  manner  of 
expounding  the  Bible.  The  people  are  to  be  exhorted  to  conform  to 
it,  and  not  to  argue  about  obscure  passages. 

.WHERE  it  hathe  pleased  the  kinges  Maiestic  oure  most 
dradde  souereigne  lor[d]  and  Supreme  Hed  vndcr  God  of  this 
Churche  of  England  for  A  Declaratyon  of  the  greate  zeale  he 
bereth  to  the  setting  furthe  of  GodoVj  woorde  and  to  the 
vertuouse  mayntenawnce  of  his  cowmenwealthe  to  prrmyt 
and  cowmaunde  the  Bible  being  translated  into  our  mother 
tongue  to  be  syncerely  taught  and  declared  by  vs  the  Curate, 
And  to  bee  openly  layed  furthe  in  euery  parrishe  Churche,  To 
thintent  that  all  his  good  Subjects  aswcl  by  reading  thereof 
as  by  hering  the  true  explanac/on  of  the  same  may  First  lerne 
their  dieuties  to  allmightie  God  and  his  Ma/Vjte  and  euery  of 
vs  charitably  to  vse  other  And  thenne  applying  themselfes  to 
doo  according  to  that  they  shall  here  and  lerne,  may  bothe 
speke  and  doo  Chrw/icnly  and  in  al  thinges  as  it  bcseamethe 
Chrw/ien  men,  Because  his  hieghnes  very  muche  desireth  that 
this  thing  being  by  him  most  godly  bcgonne  and  sett  forward 
maye  of  all  you  be  Receyued  as  is  aforcsaide  His  Maiestie 
hathe  willed  and  cowmaunded  this  to  be  declared  vnto  youe 
that  his  gracrj  plcaswr  and  hicgh  cowmaundement  is  that  in 
the  reading  and  hering  thereof,  first  most  humbly  and  Reuer- 
ently  vsing  and  addressing  yourselfes  vnto  it,  You  shall  haue 
allwayes  in  yo//r  Rcmemberaunce  and  memorycs  that  all 
things  conteyned  in  this  booke  is  the  vndoubtcd  wyll,  lawe 
and  cowmaundement  of  almightie  god  thonely  and  streight 
meane  to  knowe  the  goodnes  and  bcnefytrj  of  god  towards 
vs  and  the  true  dicutye  of  euery  chrw//en  man  to  srrue  him 
accordingly,  And  that  therefore  reading  this  booke  w/t/r  suche 
mynde  and  firme  feythe  as  is  aforesaid,  you  shall  first 
endeuowr  yourselfes  to  conforme  your  owne  lyvinges  and 
conucrsac/bn  to  the  content/^  of  the  same  And  so  by  your 
good  and  veituouse  cxemple  to  encourage  yo//r  wifes  childcrn 
and  sfruauntss  to  lyve  wcl  and  chrw/ienly  according  to  the 
rule  thereof,  And  if  at  any  tyme  by  reading  any  doubt  shall 
come  to  any  of  you  touching  the  sense  and  mcanyng  of  any 
partc  thereof,  That  thenne  not  geving  to  moche  to  your  owne 
myndtt  fantazics  and  opinions  nor  having  thereof  any  open 
reasonyng  in  yowr  open  Tauernes  or  Alchowses,  ye  shall  haue 
recourse  to  suche  lerned  men  as  be  or  shal  be  auctoriscd  to 
preache  and  declare  the  same,  Soo  that  avoyding  all  con- 
tentions and  disputac/ons  in  suche  Alchowses  and  other  places 
vnmetc  for  suche  conference  and  submyttyng  your  opinions 


1538]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  147 

to  the  Judgements  of  suche  lerned  men  as  shal  be  appoynted 
in  this  behaulf,  His  grace  may  wel  prrceyue  that  you  vse  this 
most  hiegh  benefyte  quietly  and  charitably  curry  of  you  to 
the  edefying  of  himself  his  wief  and  famylye  in  al  thinges 
aunswering  to  his  hieghnes  good  opinion  conceyued  of  you 
in  thadvauncemewt  of  virtue  and  suppressing  of  vice  w/t^out 
failing  to  vse  suche  discrete  quietnes  and  sober  moderatyon  in 
the  premissies  as  is  aforesaid  as  ye  tender  his  graces  pleaswr* 
and  intend  to  avoyde  his  hiegh  indignacion  and  the  pmll 
and  daunger  that  may  ensue  to  you  and  eurry  of  youe  for  the 
contrary 

And  god  saue  the  King 

Endd.  Towchinge  the  Reading  of  the  Byble. 


267.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  ROGER  TOWNSEND  AND 
MR.  OLVERTON. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1368.    July  13  (1538). 

They  are  to  examine  the  complaints  of  Robert  Burbeck  against  Robert 
Townsend.    Cf.  Letter  246. 

Aftre  my  right  hartye  cow/mendaabns  Where  as  complaint 
is  made  vnto  the  kings  Highnes  and  his  most  honourable 
consell  by  Robert  Burkbek  of  great  riboroughe  in  the  Countie 
of  Norffo/£,  that  where  the  said  Robert  Burbek  hade  in  Ferme 
by  Lease  to  terme  therof  not  yet  exp[i]red  a  certane  grond 
called  sennow  oon  Robert  Touneshend  esquier  hath  not  onely 
dispossed  hym  of  the  same  but  allso  wz't/;holdithe  from  hym 
the  some  of  viii  li  awarde  by  arbitrears  indiferently  elect  and 
chosen,  lyke  as  it  more  planly  dothe  apere  by  the  said  bill 
whiche  I  haue  sent  vnto  you  herein  closed.  And  Forasmoche 
as  ther  seamithe  gret  Simplicite  and  feare  in  the  saide  com- 
planant  and  mochc  force  and  extremitie  in  the  saide  Touns- 
hend.  The  kings-  highnes  pleasowr  and  co;«maundement 
is  that  you  shall  furthewith  call  the  said  parties  before  you 
and  so  to  examyn  the  mater  groundely  and  substancyally 
and  that  all  favowr  and  effectzbn  sett  appart  you  endevowr 
yowr  sellfs  to  sett  a  finall  ende  and  direction  according  to 
equitie  and  Justice.  So  that  the  said  complainant  haue  no 
cause  eftsones  to  molest  the  kings  Mazstie  ne  his  ho;/0//rable 
cownscll  in  that  behalfe.  But  that  he  may  haue  free  accesse 
and  recesse  from  tyme  to  tyme  wzt^out  any  Lett  prrturbancc 
or  molestaczbn  of  the  said  tounshend  or  any  of  his.  And  if 
the  mater  shall  so  stand  that  ye  can  not  take  an  ordre  therin 
the  kings  plesow  is  that  ye  shall  certefye  hether  vnto  me 

L  3 


148  LETTERS   OF  [1538 

and  other  of  his  consell  of  yonr  proceding  not  failing  hereof 
as  his  grace  trustcthe  you.  And  thus  fare  you  hartely  well. 
From  Chellsethe  the  xiiilh  of  Julie. 

Yoj/r  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
Townshewd  &  Hcyden  knighto 

Add.  To  my  Loving  Frend^j  Sir  Roger  Townsend  knight 
Mr.  Olverton  of  Rougham  esquier 

Endd.  The  lorde  Crumwell 

268.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  CaL  xiii.  (i)  1386.    July  16  (1538). 

Instructs   him   to  punish   the    Sacramentaries,   if  they   maintain   their 
erroneous  beliefs.    Cf.  Letters,  260,  263. 

After  my  right  herty  cov/mcndac/ons  to  your  lordeship 
I  have  receyved  sundry  your  Ifftercs  and  right  well  p^rvsed 
and  noted  the  contents  thereof  Wherby  I  perceyve  that  in 
the  same  the  \tinges  Towne  of  Calais  there  is  some  Infection 
of  certain  p^rsones  denyeng  the  holy  sacrament  of  Christ^ 
blessed  body  and  blud  of  suche  opinion  as  cowmonly  they 
calle  Sacramewtaries  For  remedy  whereof  the  kingrr  graciouse 
pleasur  is  that  yc  shal  cause  the  said  pirsones  susp<vted  to  be 
thoroughly  groundely  and  substancially  examyncd  aswcll 
vpon  the  formal  as  material  poinctes  thereof  and  well  weyeng 
there  sayengrj  In  case  it  shal  appcre  vnto  you  that  they  woll 
maynteyne  any  crrours  agenst  the  true  doctrine  ye  shal  not 
only  cause  them  to  be  punyshed  to  thexemple  of  all  others 
but  also  provide  that  no  suche  errowrs  purniciouse  be  spradd 
abrode  there  but  vttcrly  suppressed  banished  and  extincted  as 
it  app^rteyneth.  I  perceyve  also  of  the  variaunce  betwen 
the  frere  and  a  preachowr  there  I  Require  you  likewise  to 
cause  them  to  be  well  and  formally  examyned  and  there 
allegac/ons  heard  on  both  parties  And  therupon  [su]che 
Inquisition  examinac/bn  serche  and  tryall  as  shalbe  ex[pedient] 
.  .  .  inges  thcrin  tadurrtise  me  w/t//  convenient  diligence 
to  thintent  I  may  signefie  the  same  to  the  king«  Ma/Vjtic 
and  therupon  knowe  his  further  pleasur  for  a  direction  to  be 
taken  in  the  same.  As  for  your  desires  and  sutcs  I  trust  to 
sende  you  shortely  con  fort  able  worde  of  his  maiesties  deter- 
minate pleasur  suche  as  I  hope  shalbe  to  the  satisfaction  both 
of  you  and  of  my  lady  to  whom  I  praye  you  to  have  me 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  149 

hertely  cowmended.     Thus  Fare  ye  right  hertely  well     From 
Cheleshith  this  xvith  of  July 

Yo//r  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lord  The  Visconte  Lisle  lord 
deputie  of  the  king^j  Town  and  marches  of  Calais. 

269.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1399.    July  17  (1538). 

He  is  to  provide  the  Surveyor  with  a  sufficient  number  of  men,  as  the 
King  desires. 

After  my  right  hartie  cow/mendac/ons  to  your  Lordshipp 
Where  this  berer  myn^  assured  Frende  the  Surveyour  there 
dothe  nowe  Repayre  thither  for  certain  purposes  appointed 
by  the  kinges  Maiestie,  Vnderstanding  that  he  is  not  yet 
Furnisshed  of  his  nomb^r  of  men  which  the  kinges  hieghnes 
hathe  assigned  and  I  haue  sundry  tymes  Remembered  and 
Recowmended  vnto  youe  I  haue  thought  mete  most  hertely 
to  desire  and  pray  you  at  the  contemplaabn  hereof  to  be  his 
good  Lord  and  nowe  at  his  being  there  to  take  suche  order  as 
he  may  be  no  Lenger  differred  of  that  wherein  your  benivolence 
may  appere  vnto  him.  The  kinges  Maieste  is  his  good  and 
gracious  Lord,  And  I  being  his  frende  could  be  gladd  that  he 
might  pmreyve  himself  to  fare  the  better  at  your  Lordshipps 
hand  for  my  sake.  Thus  most  hertely  Fare  you  wel  from 
Chelsheth  the  xviith  daye  of  July. 

\our  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lorde  my  Lorde  Lisle  Deputie  of 
the  kinges  Towne  and  Marches  of  Calais 

Endd.  tochyng  the  surveyers  romys 

270.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  BAILIFFS  OF  THE  CITY  OF 
WORCESTER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  4.    Aug.  I,  1538. 

They  are  to  release  Richard  Rithe,  the  goldsmith,  who  was  arrested  on 
suspicion  of  coining  false  money,  in  order  that  he  may  appear  before 
Cromwell  and  the  Council. 

In  myn  harty  maner  I  Cowmende  me  vnto  youe  Latingyou 
wit  the  kinges  highnes  pleasure  is  that  iwmediatly  vppon  the 


150  LETTERS  OF 

sight  hcrof  you  shall  delyucr  and  puttc  (at)  libcrtic  the  bodye 
of  Richard  Rithe  Late  of  Evesham  goldsmyth  being  attached 
vppon  suspicion  of  making  of  false  moncye,  to  thintcnt  he  maye 
appere  befor  me  and  others  of  the  kingrj  highnes  counsail  in 
the  xv"*  of  St.  Michael  next  cnsuyng.  And  further  his  gracrj 
pleasure  is  that  you  shall  vppon  the  sight  herof  see  that  the 
said  Rithe  be  restored  to  all  suche  gooddrr  as  at  the  tyme  of 
his  apprehenc/bn  were  taken  from  him,  w;t/rout  failing.  Thus 
Fare  you  wel  From  Petworth  the  First  of  August  the  XXXth* 
yere  of  the  Reign  of  our  Sourraign  lord  King  Henry  the 
Eight. 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  loving  frcendrj  the  Baylicfrj  of  the  Citie  of 
Worcester  and  to  all  others  having  any  charge  of  the  \t\nges 
gaole  there. 

Endd.  My  lordrr  L*7/rres  of  the  first  of  August  A°  xxx"10 
to  the  bayliffrj  of  Worcestre  for  the  delyveraunce  of  Richardc 
Rith. 

271.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Lisle  Papers,  ii.  126;  not  in  Cal.    Aug.  9  (1538). 

Concerning  the  release  of  a  hoy  laden  with  the  King's  timber,  which  was 
captured  by  certain  Frenchmen. 

After  my  right  harty  recowmcndacions  vnto  yowr  good 
lordship  thiese  shalbe  to  aduertise  thesamc  that  I  hauc 
resceyved  your  letteres  of  the  vith  day  of  this  present  monthc 
wherin  ye  write  concernyng  the  hoy  that  was  taken  by  the 
Frenchemen  laden  w/t/i  the  kyngrj  tymber.  And  before  the 
receipt  therof  I  have  opteyned  a  Itttcre  of  the  Ambassadour 
of  Fraunce  directed  to  the  vicount  of  diepe  for  the  restitucion 
of  thesame  whiche  I  send  unto  yowr  lordship  by  the  bercr 
herof  to  thentent  ye  may  send  furthe  thesame  w/M  all  spedc 
and  cclerite,  and  that  it  may  please  your  lordship  to  adurrtisc 
me  what  expedicon  ye  shall  haue  in  that  behalfe.  thus  the 
blessed  Trenyte  preserue  you.  At  london  the  ixlb  day  of 
August. 

Yowr  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  the  right  honowrablc  and  my  veray  good  lord 
the  vicount  lisle  the  kingrj  deputie  at  Calays. 

Endd.   My  lord  pr/vy  sca\\fs 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  151 

272.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  227.    Aug.  30  (1538). 

Desires  him  to  bring  with  him  to  Dover,  Thomas  Delingcourt,  smith  of 
Calais,  who  is  accused  of  bad  behaviour.  Cf.  Frontispiece  to  this 
volume. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendaabns  to  your  lordship  the 
\dnges  highnes  pleasure  is  that  at  your  cuw/myng  to  Dover 
you  shall  bring  wit//  you  oone  Thomas  Delingcourte  a  Smyth 
dwelling  in  Calayes,  who  is  accused  of  certain  lewd  behauor 
and  shal  there  be  put  to  his  answer  for  the  same.  Thus  most 
hartely  Fare  you  well  From  Bedgebery  the  penultime  of 
August. 

"Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lorde  the  Vicount  lisle  Deputie  of 
the  k'mgcs  Towne  and  Marches  of  Calais 

273.  CROMWELL'S  INJUNCTIONS  TO  THE  CLERGY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  281.    Sept.  5,  1538. 

Commands  them  to  set  up  in  every  church  an  English  Bible,  and  to 
permit  the  people  to  read  it  freely.  They  are  to  recite  publicly  the 
Paternoster  and  Creed,  to  preach  sermons  once  every  quarter,  and  to 
keep  registers  of  christenings,  weddings,  and  burials.  Cf.  Letters,  159, 
236,  266. 

Exhibit  quittto  die  mensw  Septe;«bnV  anwo  domim  Mle  v° 
xxxviij. 

IN  THE  NAME  OF  GOD  AMEN  By  the  authorite  and  com- 
mission of  the  most  excellent  prince  Henry  by  the  grace  of  god 
kynge  of  Englonde  and  of  frauwce,  defensor  of  the  faithe  Lorde 
of  Irelonde  and  in  erthe  suprane  hedd  vndre  Christ  of  the 
church  of  Englonde  I  Thomas  lorde  Crumwell,  lorde  privie  scale 
Vice-gerent  to  the  kyngfj  said  highnes  for  all  his  Jurisdiction 
ecckriasticall  within  this  realme,  do  for  the  avauwcement  of 
the  trewe  honor  of  almighty  God,  encrease  of  vertu  and  dis- 
charge of  the  kyngrj  maiestie  geve  and  exhibite  vnto  yow 
theise  Injunctions  folowing  to  be  kept  obsrrued 
and  fulfilled  vpon  the  paynes  hereafter  declared 

First  that  ye  shall  trewly  obsrrue  and  kepe  all  and  singwler 
the  kynges  highnes  Injunctions  geven  vnto  you  heretofore  in 
my  name  by  his  gracrj  authorite  not  only  vpon  the  paynes 
therein  expressed  but  also  in  yo«r  defaulte  now  after  this 
seconde  monition  contynewed  vpon  further  punyshment  to  be 
straitly  extended  towards  yow  by  the  kyng^r  highnes  arbi- 
trement  or  his  vicegerent  aforsaid 


152  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

Item  that  yc  shall  prmiidc  on  thissidc  the  feast  of  all 
saincttt '  next  cuwmyng,  one  boke  of  the  hole  bible  of  the 
largest  volume  in  english,  and  the  same  sett  vpp  in  sum  con- 
venient place  witAin  the  said  churche  that  ye  haue  cure  of 
where  as  yowr  parishonrrs  may  most  cowmodiously  resorte 
to  the  same  and  reade  yt  The  charges  of  whiche  boke  shalbe 
ratably  borne  betwene  yow  the  parson  and  the  parishonrrs 
aforesaid,  that  is  to  say  the  one  half  by  yow  and  thother  half 
by  them. 

Item  that  you  shall  discorage  no  man  prively  or  apcrtely 
from  the  reading  or  heryng  of  the  said  bible  but  shall  ex- 
pressely  provoke  stcre  and  exhorte  curry  person  to  reade  the 
same  as  that  which  is  the  very  lyvely  wordc  of  god,  that 
eurry  christen  person  is  bouwde  to  enbrace,  bcleve  and 
followe,  if  they  loke  to  be  saved,  admonyshing  them  neurr- 
thelesse  to  avoide  all  contention  and  altercation  therein,  but 
to  vse  an  honest  sobrietie  in  thinquisition  of  the  trewe  sence 
of  the  same,  and  to  refer  thex plication  of  obscure  placr*  to 
men  of  higher  iugement  in  scripture. 

Item  that  ye  shall  eurry  sonday  and  holiday  through  the 
yere  openly  and  playnly  recite  to  yowr  parishonrrs  twise  or 
thrise  togither  or  oftener  if  nede  require  one  particle  or  sen- 
tence of  the  pater  noster  or  crede  in  englishe,  to  thintcnt  they 
may  lerne  thesame  by  harte,  and  so  from  day  to  day  geue  them 
one  like  lesson  or  sentence  of  the  same,  till  they  haue  lernyd 
the  hole  pater  noster  and  crcdc  in  englishe  by  rote  And  as 
they  be  taught  eurry  sentence  of  the  same  by  rote  ye  shall 
expouwde  and  declare  the  vnderstandyng  of  the  same  vnto 
them  exhortyng  all  parents  and  householders  to  teche  there 
children  and  struauntss  thesame  as  they  are  bouwde  in  cow- 
science  to  do,  And  that  done  ye  shall  declare  vnto  them  the 
ten  comwauwdementrj  one  by  one  eurry  sonday  and  holyday 
till  they  be  likewise  prrfite  in  the  same. 

Item  that  ye  shall  in  cowfcssions  eurry  lent  examyn  curry 
person  that  cuwmith  to  confession  vnto  you  whither  they  can 
recite  the  articles  of  owr  faithc  and  the  pater  noster  in  englishe 
and  here  them  say  the  same  particularly  Wherein  if  they  be 
not  prrfite,  ye  shall  declare  to  the  same,  that  curry  christen 
person  ought  to  knowe  thesame  before  they  shuld  receyve 
the  blessid  sacrament  of  the  aulter,  And  monyshc  them  to  lerne 
the  same  more  prrfitely  by  the  nexte  yere  folowing  Or  else 
like  as  they  ought  not  to  prrsume  to  cum  to  goddrj  boorde 
w>t/cout  prrfite  knowlege  of  the  same,  and  if  they  do  yt  is  to 
the  grete  prrill  of  there  sowles,  so  ye  shall  declare  vnto  them 

1  Altered  from  '  Christmas.' 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  153 

that  ye  loke  for  other  injunctions  from  the  kyngej  highnes  by 
that  tyme  to  stay  and  repell  all  suche  from  goddes  boorde  as 
shalbe  fouwde  ignorant  in  the  premisses  Wherof  ye  do  thus 
admonyshe  them,  to  thintent  they  shuld  bothe  eschewe  the 
perill  of  there  sowles  and  also  the  wordely  rebuke  that  they 
might  incurre  hereafter  by  the  same 

Item  that  ye  shall  make  or  cause  to  be  made  in  the  saide 
churche  and  curry  other  cure  ye  haue  one  sermon  every  quarter 
of  a  yere  at  the  least  wherein  ye  shall  purely  and  syncerely 
declare  the  very  gospell  of  christ,  and  in  the  same  exhorte 
yowr  herers  to  the  worker  of  charite  marcy  and  faithe  specially 
prescribed  and  comwauwded  in  scripture,  and  not  to  repose 
there  trust  or  affiance  in  any  other  worker  devised  by  mens 
phantasies  besydej  scripture,  as  in  wanderyng  to  pilgremagej 
offeryng  of  money  candellej  or  tapers  to  Images  or  reliques  or 
kissing  or  lickyng  the  same,  saying  over  a  nombre  of  beades 
not  vndrestanded  ne  mynded  on  or  in  suchelike  superstition 
For  the  doyng  wherof  ye  not  only  haue  no  premise  of 
rewtfrde  in  scripture  but  contrarywise  grete  threaten  &  male- 
dictions of  god,  as  things  tendyng  to  Idolatry  and  superstition, 
which  of  all  other  offences  god  almighty  doth  most  detest  and 
abhorr  for  that  the  same  diminisheth  most  his  honowr  and 
glorie 

Item  that  suche  Images  as  ye  knowe  in  any  of  your  cures 
to  be  so  abused  with  pilgremage.?  or  offr'mges  of  anything  made 
therevnto,  ye  shall  for  avoiding  of  that  most  detestable  offence 
of  Idolatrie  furthwith  take  down  and  deley  And  shall  suffer  from 
hensforth  no  candellej  tapers  or  Images  of  waxe  to  be  sett 
afore  any  Image  or  picture,  But  only  the  light  that  comenly 
goeth  a  crosse  the  churche  by  the  roode  lofte,  the  light  afore  the 
sacramewt  of  the  altare  and  the  light  about  the  sepulchre 
which  for  thadowrnyng  of  the  churche  and  divine  seruice  ye 
shall  suffre  to  remayn  still,  admonyshing  your  parishoners  that 
Images  serve  for  no  other  purpose  but  as  to  be  bookes  of 
vnlerned  men  that  can  no  letters,  Wherby  they  might  be  other- 
wise admonished  of  the  lives  and  conuersaa'on  of  them  that 
the  said  Images  do  represent  whiche  Images  if  they  abuse  for 
any  other  intent,  than  for  suche  remembraunces  they  com;;/ytt 
Idolatry  in  the  same  to  the  grete  dauwger  of  there  sowles  And 
therfor  the  kynges  highnes  graciously  tenderyng  the  weale  of 
his  subiectej  sowles  hath  in  parte  alredy  and  more  will  here- 
after travaill  for  the  abolishing  of  suche  Images  as  might  be 
occasion  of  so  greate  an  offence  to  god  and  so  gret  dauwger 
to  the  sowles  of  his  loving  subiectej 

Item  that  in  all  suche  benefices  or  cures  as  ye  haue  where- 
vpon  ye  be  not  yourself  resident  ye  shall  appoint  suche 


154  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

curat/j  in  your  stedc,  as  bothc  can  by  there  habilitc  and  will 
also  promptely  execute  these  Injunctions  And  do  there  dutie 
otherwise  that  ye  ar  bou«de  to  do  in  every  behalf  accordyngly, 
and  may  pr^uffite  there  cure  no  lesse  with  good  exemple  of 
lyving  than  with  declaration  of  the  worde  of  god.  Or  els 
there  lack  and  defaulter  shalbe  imputed  vnto  yow  who  shall 
straytcly  answere  for  the  same  if  they  do  otherwise 

Item  that  ye  shall  admytt  no  man  to  preache  within  any 
of  your  beneficrj  or  cures  but  suche  as  shall  appere  vnto 
yow  to  be  sufficiently  licencyd  thervnto  by  the  kyngrj  highnes 
or  his  gracrj  authorite,  by  tharchbisshop  of  Cantrr^wry  or  the 
bisshop  of  this  dlocfsf.  And  suche  as  shalbe  soe  licenced  yc 
shall  gladly  receave  to  declare  the  worde  of  god  without  any 
resistence  or  contradiction 

Item  if  ye  have  heretofore  declared  to  yo//r  parishonrrs 
anything  to  thextollyng  or  settyng  furthe  of  pilgremagrr, 
rcliqucs  or  Images  or  any  suche  superstition  ye  shall  now 
openly  afore  the  same  recante  and  reprove  the  same,  shewing 
them  (as  the  trewthe  is)  that  ye  did  the  same  vpon  no  grouwde 
of  scripture,  but  as  one  beyng  ledd  and  seduced  by  a  cow  wen 
error  and  abuse  crept  into  the  church  through  the  sufferaunce 
and  avarice  of  suche  as  felt  proffit  by  the  same. 

Item  if  you  do  or  shall  knowe  any  man  wit/tin  your  p^rishe 
or  els  where  that  is  a  letter  of  the  worde  of  god  to  be  redd 
in  englishe,  or  syncerely  preached,  or  of  thexecution  of  theise 
iniuwctions,  or  a  seruitor  of  the  bisshop  of  Romes  prr/r«sed 
powre  now  by  the  lawes  of  this  realme  iustely  reiected  and 
extirped,  ye  shall  detect  and  present  the  same  to  the  kyngrr 
highnes  or  his  honorable  couwsaill  or  to  his  vicegerent  afor- 
said  or  to  the  Justice  of  peax  next  adioyni»g 

Item  that  yow  and  eurry  parson  vicare  or  curate  within 
this  diocfsc  shall  for  euery  churche  kepe  one  boke  or  registre 
wherin  ye  shall  write  the  day  and  yere  of  every  weddyng 
christcnyng  and  buryeng  made  w/tX/in  yowr  parishe  for  yowr 
tyme,  and  so  eu/ry  man  succcdyng  yow  lykewise.  And  shall 
there  inscrte  eurry  prrsons  name  that  shalbe  so  weddid 
christened  or  buried,  And  for  the  sauff  keping  of  the  same 
bokc  the  parishe  shalbe  bou»de  to  praiide  of  there  comwcn 
charge  one  sure  coffer  with  twoo  lock*r  and  keys  wherof  the 
one  to  rcmayn  w»t^  you,  and  thothcr  with  the  saidc  wardens, 
wherein  the  saidc  boke  shalbe  laide  vpp.  Whiche  boke  yc 
shall  every  sonday  take  furthe  and  in  the  presence  of  the  said 
wardens  or  one  of  them  write  and  rccordc  in  the  same  all  the 
weddings  christenyngrj  and  buryengtt  made  the  hole  wcke 
before  And  that  done  to  lay  vpp  the  bokc  in  the  said  coffer  as 
afore  And  for  eurry  tyme  that  the  same  shalbe  omytted  the 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  155 

partie  that  shalbe  in  the  faulte  therof  shall  forfett  to  the  said 
churche  iij  s  iiiij  d  to  be  emploied  on  the  reparation  of  the 
same  churche. 

Item  that  ye  shall  ones  euery  quarter  of  a  yere  rede  these 
and  the  other  former  iniuwctions  geven  vnto  you  by  authorite 
of  the  kyngrj  highnes,  openly  and  deliberatly  before  all  your 
parishomrs  to  thintent  that  both  yow  by  the  same  may  be 
the  better  admonyshed  of  yowr  dewtie  and  yowr  said  parish- 
oners  the  more  incited  to  ensewe  the  same  for  there  parte. 

All  whiche  and  singwler  injunctions  I  mynistre  vnto  you 
and  your  successors  by  the  kyngrj  highnes  authorite  to  me 
committed  in  this  parte  whiche  I  charge  and  comwauwde  yow 
by  the  same  auct0r/te  to  obsrrue  and  kepe  vpon  peyne  of 
deprivation,  sequestration  of  yowr  huctcs  or  suche  oth^r 
cohertion  as  to  the  kyngcs  highnes  or  his  vicegerent  for  the 
tyme  beyng  shalbe  seen  convenient 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Endd.  Injunctions  devysed  by  the  Lord  Crumwell  Vice- 
gerent to  the  Kinge  for  all  his  Jurisdiction  ecclesiasticall 

274.  CROMWELL  TO  (LORD  HuNGERFORo)1. 

Longford  Castle  MSS. ;  not  in  Cal.    Sept.  21  (1538). 

He  is  to  have  Richard  Henley  indicted  at  the  next  assizes.  The  proctor 
of  the  '  Charthuse '  is  to  hold  his  office  only  during  good  be- 
haviour. Promises  to  mediate  between  Hungerford  and  the  Earl  of 
Huntingdon.  Cf.  Letter  279. 

By  your  lettres  of  the  i6th  of  this  present  delivered  unto 
me  by  this  berer  your  servant  I  perceyve  the  cancred  malice 
of  Richard  Henly  agenst  the  kings  supreme  auctorite  for  the 
usurped  power  of  the  grete  ydole  of  Rome  I  commende  moche 
your  good  diligence  and  vigilancy  in  your  preceding  used  in 
that  behalf  Requiring  you  that  at  the  next  commyng  in  that 
countrey  of  the  Justices  of  assise  ye  cause  him  to  be  indicted 
and  further  processe  to  be  made  agenst  hym  so  that  he  may 
be  to  the  terrible  example  of  like  presumptuouse  &  trayterouse 
persons  punished  according  to  his  demerites  as  the  lawe  right 
and  justice  do  require.  As  touching  (the)  procter  of  the 
Charthuse  whereof  ye  be  stuarde  my  mynde  was  never  by 
my  lettres  nor  otherwise  expressed  that  he  shuld  contynewe 
there  onles  he  be  of  such  fidclite  to  the  house  in  the  .good 
administracon  of  his  office  and  of  such  honest  conversacon 
both  towards  them  and  other  as  apperteyneth.  And  in  cas 
he  be  so  or  if  he  hath  ben  otherwise  and  woll  ernestly  emende 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


156  LETTERS  OF  [i 

T  wold  be  glad  he  myght  contynewe  there  according  to  myn 
intercession  bifore  made  for  hym.  If  he  be  not  so  honestly 
disposed  I  woll  in  nowise  support  hym  but  rather  wold  be 
sory  that  he  shuld  hynder  the  house  or  contynewe  therein  to 
the  slaunder  of  the  countrey.  Concerning  your  mater  betwene 
my  lord  of  Huntingdon  and  you  I  shalbc  content  at  all  tymes 
to  employe  meself  ernestly  to  bring  you  togeder  and  to  be 
a  meane  that  both  your  titles  may  be  shewed  and  loked 
upon  and  so  to  assaye  to  my  power  that  the  right  title  maye 
prevaile  and  you  to  remayne  good  freendes  at  the  last.  At 
this  next  cummyng  hither  I  woll  be  in  hande  with  hym  for 
the  same  in  such  wise  that  I  trust  ye  shal  have  your  right 
conserved  as  to  right  and  conscience  shal  apparteyne  and  as 
ye  shal  have  cause  to  be  contented. 

Penshurst,  21  Sept. 
Signed. 

275.  CROMWELL  TO  (CRANMER). 

Strype1,  Ecd.  Menu,  i.  I.  497;  not  in  Cal.    Sept.  30  (1538). 

Requests  him  to  charge  the  clergy  of  his  diocese  to  obey  the  King's  late 
Injunctions.    Cf.  Letter  273. 

After  my  right  hearty  commendations  unto  your  Lordship. 
Whereas  the  King's  Highnes  being  informed  as  well  of  the 
negligent  observation  of  the  former  injunctions,  exhibited  to 
the  Clergy  of  that  diocese,  as  also  of  the  further  continuance 
of  superstition  and  idolatry  in  the  same,  and  minding,  like 
as  to  his  office  most  appertaineth,  the  expurgation  of  untrue 
religion,  and  the  abolishment  of  all  abuses,  crept  into  the 
same  ;  hath  willed  and  commanded  me  to  put  forth  by  his 
Grace's  authority,  to  all  his  Clergy  and  subjects  within  this 
realm,  certain  other  injunctions  to  be  kept  and  observed  of 
the  same  upon  their  further  peril.  These  shall  be  therefore 
as  well  to  advertise  your  Lordship,  as  also  of  the  King's 
Highness  behalf,  to  charge  and  command  the  same,  that 
calling  before  you  or  your  commissaries,  at  days  and  places 
convenient,  the  whole  Clergy  of  that  diocese,  ye  do  exhibit 
and  put  forth  on  the  King's  Highness  behalf,  and  by  his 
Graces  authority,  these  injunctions,  whereof  ye  shall  receive 
a  Copy  herewith  and  may  send  whereas  they  be  printed  for 
as  many  more,  as  will  serve  to  give  every  Curate  within  that 
dioce'se :  straitly  charging  every  of  the  same,  inviolably  to 

1  The    reference    given    in    the  document  from  which  it  was  tran- 

Ecclesiastical    Memorials    to    the  scribed,  and  1  have  made  this  copy 

original  of  this  letter  is  incorrect,  from  Strype. 
1  have  been  unable  to  discover  the 


1538]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  157 

observe  the  said  injunctions,  upon  the  pains  therein  expressed. 
In  default  whereof,  they  may  look  for  no  like  indulgence,  as 
they  have  had  hitherto  by  violation  of  the  other,  but  earnest 
coercion  and  severity  to  be  extended  towards  them,  for 
both  contempts  together :  And  that  ye  fail  not  this  the 
King's  Highness  pleasure  and  commandment  effectually  to 
put  forth,  execute,  and  accomplish,  without  any  dissimulation 
negligence  or  remiss  handling,  as  ye  intend  to  answer  to  the 
King's  Majesty,  for  the  contrary  thereof  at  your  peril.  And 
thus  most  heartily  fare  you  well.  From  London  the  last  of 
September. 

Your  Lordship's  friend, 

THOMAS  CRUMWEL 
276.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  213 ;  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  621.     Oct.  16,  1538. 

Informs  him  that  the  King  is  desirous  to  conclude  an  alliance  with  the 
Emperor,  and  requests  him  to  declare  Henry's  friendship  to  Charles. 

After  my  right  herty  cow/mendaczons  After  the  receipte  of 
your  \ftteres  by  Mr.  Masson  vpon  the  significaobn  made  to 
the  King^j  Ma/V^te  by  the  Quene  Regente  of  the  receipte 
of  Themperours  commission  and  of  his  good  &  singular 
affection  to  precede  syncerely  and  conclude  all  things  as 
their  amytie  Requireth.  The  K'mges  highnes  after  the 
sending  of  Mr.  Wrysley  and  Mr.  Vaughan  in  to  Flaundres 
wz't//  commission  and  power  to  treatie  and  conclude  wttJt  the 
said  Regente  hath  advised  ernestly  to  Joyne  w*t/*  themp^owr. 
and  therfor  despqched  this  berer  his  trusty  s^ruaunt  Mr.  Hobby 
oon  of  the  gromes  of  his  graorj  pryve  chambrf  w*t/*  \etteres 
and  Instructions.  His  grace  thanking  you  for  your  grete 
diligence  and  dexterite  heretofore  vsed  Requireth  you  at  this 
tyme  ernestly  to  precede  to  the  declaraa'on  of  his  good 
affection  and  purpose  whiche  I  assure  you  is  as  syncere  and 
fervent  ernest  and  effectuel  as  could  be  desired  and  also  of 
the  hole  Instructions  whiche  do  precede  of  the  very  botom^ 
of  his  good  hert  and  pure  stomacke  Nowe  is  the  tymc  that 
by  thesame  ye  may  moch^  further  the  matiers  and  gett 
yowrself  mochr  prayse  and  estimaczbn  the  which  I  wold  be 
gladd  for  the  desire  I  have  of  yowr  furtherawce  no  lesse 
then  ever  I  hadd  myght  be  accomplished  and  don  bifore 
March  for  at  that  tyme  I  trust  according  to  yo//r  desire  to 
gett  you  leave  to  com  hither  agayn  and  that  the  Kingrj 
Ma/Vjte  shal  sende  som  other  to  supplie  your  Rowme  there 
wherfor  assaye  so  ernestly  to  sett  those  things  forcward  .  as. 
ye  maye  encreace  your  estimac/on  therby  The  kingrc  highnes 


158  LETTERS  OF  [1538 

had  sent  masson  vnto  you  in  stede  of  this  said  bcrer  were  it 
not  the  chaunce  that  he  is  cvill  diseased  of  a  fever  like  as  by 
his  owne  \fttftcs  ye  shal  prrceyve.  All  occurrence  here  the 
said  Mr.  Hobby  maye  declare  vnto  you  at  large  and  amplely 
I  mistrust  not  your  diligence  Wherfor  w/t/route  longer  ex- 
hortac/on  1  commend e  you  to  our  blessed  crcatowr  who  sende 
you  p/vsperite  &  long  lift"  From  london  this  xvi*  of  October 
the  XXXth  yer*  of  his  grace  most  noble  Regne 

Yo//r l  assuryd  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  myn  assured  loving  Freend  air  Thomas  Wyat 
Knight  gentilman  of  the  Kinge  Chambre  And  his  grace 
ambassadowr  w/t//  Themprrowr. 

Endd.    from  my  lorde  previe  seal  the  xvi*11  of  October. 

'277.   (CROMWELL)  TO  SIR  WM.  SULYARD,  JUSTICE  OF 
FLINT,  AND  ROGER  BRERETON,  SHERIFF  OF  THE  SAME. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  645.    Oct.  19  (1538). 

Desires  them  to  send  Hugh  Whit  ford  and  Mr.  Harrison  to  the  King,  in 
order  that  their  quarrel  concerning  the  parsonage  of  Whitford  may 
be  settled. 

In  my  Ryght  hartie  manrr  I  cow/mende  me  vnto  you  And 
where  it  is  not  unknowen  tkot  the  Kinge  magestye  hathe 
longe  tyme  in  the  ryght  and  tytle  of  his  crowne  bene  in 
possessyon  by  his  Royall  prrrogatyve  to  gyue  at  his  grace 
is  pleasure,  all  manrr  of  be/wfyces  beyng  voyde  of  any  bys- 
shops  gyfte  w/t//in  this  Realme,  duryng  the  vacacyon  of  ye 
same  bysshopriche,  whercapon  his  highnes  aboute  this  tyme 
iii  ycres  beyng  enformyd  that  the  pdrsonaige  of  Whytforde 
in  the  dyoce  of  Saynt  assaphe  was  then  voyde  by  resignac/on, 
the  said  bysshopriche  allso  beyng  voyde  pleasyd  his  grace 
to  gyue  the  same  parsonaige  of  Whytforde  to  A  scoler  of 
his  awne  A  stewdent  in  oxforde  callyd  Heughe  Whytforde 
vtAich  by  vertue  &  strenghe  of  the  Kyng«  gyfte  haue  bene 
lawfully  Instytutyd  and  in  cowtynuall  possessyon  of  the  same 
///is  iii  yfres  on  Januarye  next  w///ch  notw/t//stondyng  ther* 
is  one  Mr.  Henryson  by  tytle  and  cullor  of  an  aduocat/bn 
by  the  bysshop  of  Saynt  assaphe  in  his  lyfe  grauntyd  dothe 
make  tytle  to  the  same  bewrfice  Intendyng  not  onely  to 
abayte  the  said  Royall  prrrogatyve  wherof  the  kingrr  grace 
hathe  bene  in  possession  by  tytle  of  his  crowne  tyme  out  of 
mynd  but  also  to  evynce  and  recoiur  Me  same  be/rrfycc 

1  t.  o.  lordshippe* 


1538]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  159 

frome  the  kynges  scoler  aforenamyd,  con/nm'e  to  ryght 
Justice  &  good  cowscyence,  And  dothe  therefor  maynteyn  an 
actyon  of  quare  Impedit  before  you  in  flyntshire  to  the  grete 
treble  and  vexation  of  the  kynges  scoler  and  let  of  his  Icrnyng 
Wherefore  the  kinges  pleasure  is  that  Immedyately  after  the 
Syght  hereof  you  do  Surcese  and  cause  the  partie  to  surces 
frome  any  further  sute  in  t/tat  countye  for  t/iat  benefice 
Seyng  it  dothe  concrme  the  ryght  tytle  &  interest  of  his 
crowne,  and  to  remyt  both  the  parties  &  their  sayd  matter 
w/t/i  thappwrtenawc^j  to  his  highenes  there  to  taike  suche  fynall 
order  &  detrrmynaczbn  as  hit  shall  please  his  magestye  in 
that  behalfe  or  any  othrr  to  whome  it  shall  please  hym  to 
co;«myt  the  same.  And  this  not  to  fayle  as  ye  tender  his 
pleasure  At  london  etc.  the  xix111  daie  of  October 

Add.  To  my  lovinge  frend^j  Mr.  Sullyard  Justice  of  the 
countie  of  flynt.  &  rog^r  brereton  sheryf  of  the  same  £  to 
either  of  thew. 

278.  CROMWELL  TO  <DR.  LEGH)  AND  WILLIAM 
CAVENDISH. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  764.    Nov.  6,  1538. 

They  are  to  dissolve  the  monasteries  of  St.  Osyth  and  Colchester  in  Essex, 
and  put  one  in  the  hands  of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  and  the  other  in  the 
hands  of  the  Chancellor  of  the  Augmentations. 

After  my  harty  commendations,  thiese  shall  be  to  aduertise 
you  that  the  kinges  grac^r  pleasure  is  that  with  convenient 
spede  ye  repairing  to  the  Monasteries  of  Saynct  Oses  and 
Colchistrr  shall  for  certayn  reformation  and  other  considera- 
tions Which  his  grace  intendith  as  well  there  as  in  other  places, 
dissolue  and  take  the  same  to  his  vse.  And  by  your  dis- 
cretions considering  the  age  qualities  cowditions  and  towardnes 
of  the  prrsones  there  shall  assigne  vnto  theym  their  awnuall 
pensions,  and  all  other  thinges  doo  according  to  his  graces 
cow/mission  to  you  in  this  behalf  directed.  Not  omitting  to 
putt  my  Lorde  Cha/mcellar  or  his  depute  in  possession  of  one 
of  the  said  monasteries,  and  Mr.  Chawncellar  of  thaugmewta- 
tions  or  his  depute  in  possession  of  the  other  to  our  said 
sou^raigne  Lorde  the  Kinges  vse  accordingly.  Thus  Fare  ye 
hertely  well.  From  London  the  vith  of  Nouembre  the  XXXth 
(yere  of)  his  grao-j  most  noble  Regne. 

Yo«r  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  Louing  Frendrj  Mr.  [Doctoar  Lee]  and 
Will/am  Cauendish  and  to  eu^ry  of  theym 


160  LETTERS   OF  [1538 

279.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (LORD  HUNGERFORD)  >. 

Longford  Castle  MSS.;  not  in  Cal.    Nov.  n  (1538). 

He  is  to  detain  the  traitor  priest  Richard   Henley  in  prison  until  the 
next  assizes.    Cf.  Letter  274. 

Whcras  by  your  lettres  of  the  vi1*  of  this  present  sent  unto 
me  by  this  bercr  your  scrvaunt  I  do  pcrceave  that  nowe  lately 
you  have  committed  to  prison  a  prest  called  Sir  Richard 
Henly  for  certain  traiterouse  and  sediciouse  wordes  spoken  by 
him  as  more  at  large  appcarcth  by  a  bill  of  articles  sent  unto 
me  with  your  said  lettres.  Thiese  shalbe  to  signifie  unto  you 
the  kinges  Highnes  pleasour  is  that  the  sayd  prest  do  still 
remayn  in  wardc  until  the  comming  downe  of  the  Judges  in 
Eyre  who  shall  at  the  next  Assise  there  to  be  holden  by 
special!  commission  here  and  cxamync  the  said  articles  and 
so  determync  the  same  as  Justice  shall  require  in  that  bihalf. 
And  as  concerninge  the  matier  in  variauncc  betwixt  you  and 
my  lorde  of  Huntington  you  shal  undrcstond  that  oone  of  the 
Arbitrators  elected  and  chosen  to  be  here  and  cxamyne  the 
same  is  departed  this  worlde  yet  ncvertheles  I  doubte  not  but 
that  I  with  the  rest  of  the  saidc  Arbitratours  shall  at  laysour 
and  tyme  convenient  take  such  ordre  and  directions  thcrin  as 
shall  be  to  your  good  satisfaction. 

London,  n  Nov. 

280.  CROMWELL  TO  (SiR  BRIAN  TUKE). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  903.    Nov.  24,  1 538. 
He  is  to  deliver  .£1,000  to  Mr.  Gostwick  for  the  Bishop  of  Winchester. 

In  my  right  hartie  maner  I  commend  me  vnto  youe, 
Aducrtising  the  same,  the  kinges  hieghnes  pleasowr  and  cow- 
maundc;//<v/l  is,  that  of  the  two  thowsand  poundcs  being  in 
yowr  hanoVj  and  custodye  Whereof  yow  and  I  had  comw////i- 
cac/on  yesterdaye,  yow  do  indilayedly  delyver  or  cawse  to  be 
dclyvered  oon*  thowsand  pounde  vnto  Mr.  Gostwyke  to  be 
payed  by  him  vnto  my  lordc  of  Winchestre.  And  these  my 
\ftteres  with  a  bill  also  of  the  sayd  Mr.  Gostwyk/j  hand 
mencioniwg  the  receipte  of  the  same,  shalbe  vnto  you  a  dis- 
chardge  in  that  bihalf  Thus  fare  youe  hertely  well  From 
London  the  xxiiij"1  daye  of  Novembre  in  the  XXXth  yere  of 
the  kingrr  hieghnes  moost  noble  Reigne. 

Yowr  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  161 

281.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Hart.  MSS.  282,  f.  217  ;  CaL  xiii.  (ii)  924.    Nov.  28,  1538. 

Informs  him  of  the  arrests  of  Exeter  and  Montague.  Describes  the  trial 
and  burning  of  a  Sacramentary  (John  Lambert).  Requests  aid  for 
John  Toles  and  Richard  Fermour  in  their  suits. 

Mr.  Wyat  after  my  very  herty  co;«mendaa'ons  I  have 
receyved  by  this  bearer  Nicolas  the  Currowr  your  let  feres 
directed  to  the  kingrj  highnes  signed  by  you  and  my 
freende  Hoby  and  also  an  other  \cttcrz  in  Siphrc  the 
whiche  have  ben  both  delyvred  vnto  his  Ma/Vjte  like  as 
by  thanswere  his  grace  sendeth  vnto  you  ye  may  amplely 
knowe.  Doubteles  I  thinke  no  nede  to  Require  you  to  vse 
your  accoustumed  dexterite  in  setting  furth  of  the  same  after 
yo//r  best  sorte  and  to  vtter  euery  point  thereof  in  such  termes 
ordre  and  place  as  vpon  the  disposition  inclinac/on  answcrcs 
occurrence  and  circus/stance  there  ye  shal  by  your  discre- 
tion knowe  most  conveniewt  to  bring  his  Maiesties  purposes 
to  passe  and  to  the  conclusion  his  highnes  most  desireth. 

I  assure  you  yo;/r  diligence  and  dexterite  to  be  vsed  therin 
shalbc  mochc  cowmendcd  and  praysed  if  as  my  hope  is  the 
things  by  yonr  good  setting  furth  maye  take  effect  neu^r- 
theles  thesame  to  be  thanckfully  taken  howesoever  the 
matieres  shal  succedc  for  it  is  well  knowen  ye  wante  no  good 
hert  and  alacrite  and  that  his  Ma/ete  counsydereth  well  and 
cowtynueth  your  graciouse  and  benigne  Lorde.  For  my  part 
ye  may  be  certain  that  I  beare  vnto  you  no  lesse  good  will 
and  syncere  affection  that  I  was  wount,  theffect  hath  been 
and  shalbe  my  witnes  thereof.  Concernyng  the  two  hundred 
pounds  which  ye  lent  to  Sir  Fraunce  Brian  whosoever 
ought  them  I  have  desbowrsed  them  and  paide  to  Mr.  Bon- 
vixi.  Other  men  make  in  maner  of  their  debte  myn  owne 
for  very  oft  where  they  have  borowed  I  am  fayned  to  paye, 
Ye  have  to  myn  opinion  by  the  waye  of  Flaundres  ben 
aduertised  howe  the  lorde  Marquis  of  Exceto//;-  and  the  lorde 
Montagu  \vit/i  a  sorte  of  their  adherers  of  mean  estat  and  no 
estimaabn  gretely  have  ben  cowmaunded  to  the  Towre  to 
prison  there,  For  sundry  grete  crymes  of  lese  maicste  traytcr- 
ousely  Imagined  and  vttred  as  fcrre  as  they  durst  agenst  the 
kinge  Royal  person,  his  yssue  his  counseill  and  the  hole 
Realme  so  that  it  abhorreth  any  man  to  heare  of  it  and  the 
same  their  offences  bee  not  known  by  light  suspic/on  but  by 
certain  proves  and  confessions.  I  doubte  not  but  whan  their 
conspirations  shalbe  disclosed  and  their  ingratitudes  towards 
the  king  their  souuerayn  lorde  to  the  which  they  (ought)  to 
geve  most  humble  thanke  for  all  that  they  had  and  for  that 

MEMIMAN.    II  M 


LITTERS  OF  [1538 

state  they  were  in  all  honest  hcrte  shal  have  abhominacA>n 
at  their  miserable  wrctchcdncs  and  trayterouse  malice 

Other  occurrence  of  importauncc  we  have  non  here.  The 
king«  Ma/etc  my  lorde  prince  grace  my  ladyes  his  doughtcrs 
and  the  rest  of  his  counseill  be  all  mcry  and  in  good  pros- 
perite,  The  xvith  dayc  of  this  present,  the  kinge  Ma/etic  for 
the  Reverence  of  the  holy  sacramc//t  of  thai  tar  did  sett 
openly  in  his  hall  and  there  presided  at  the  disputacion  pro- 
cesse  and  Jugemewt  of  a  myscrable  herctik  sacramcwtary  who 
was  brent  the  xxth  of  the  same  moneth  It  was  a  woundcr  to 
sec  howe  princely  wj't/i  howe  excellent  grauite  and  Inestiw/able 
maiestc  his  highnes  exrrciscd  there  the  very  office  of  a 
suprrme  hed  of  his  church  of  Englandc  Howe  benignely  his 
grace  assayed  to  converte  the  miserable  man  howe  strong  and 
manifeste  reasons  his  highnes  alleged  agcnst  him  I  wished  the 
prince  and  potentate  of  Chro/rndom  to  have  have l  a  meate 
place  for  them  there  to  have  seen  it  vndoubtcdly  they  shuld 
have  moch  merveilled  at  his  Maiestes  most  highe  wisedom  and 
Jugeme«t  and  reputed  hym  non  otherwise  after  thcsame  then 
in  maner  the  Mirocr  and  light  of  all  other  kinge  and  prince 
in  Chrw/cndom  Thesame  was  openly  don  w/t//  grete  sole;//nitc 
wherby  I  doubt  not  but  som  of  your  frcende  that  have  good 
leaswrr  shal  by  their  lr//rres  adurrtise  you  of  the  hole  dis- 
co//rs  thereof.  So  w/t//oute  further  recit  (Save  to  signifie  vnto 
you  that  forasmochc  as  it  is  by  sundry  complaincte  shewed 
vnto  the  kinge  Ma/ete  that  his  grace  subiccte  John  Tolcs, 
Richard  Fermowr  and  othir  their  consorte  merchaunte  of 
London  and  besidrj  them  sundry  of  his  grace  subiecte  both 
of  this  Realme  and  other  dominions  be  protracted  there  w/'t//- 
oute  any  expedy[ci]on  of  sundry  proccs  and  sute  they  hauc 
touching  many  deprcdac/bns  and  Roberyes  by  thcmprrowrs 
subiecte  committed  agenst  (them)  as  It  is  like  they  hauc  had 
recowrs  som  of  them  vnto  you  ye  shal  at  yo//r  oportunc 
occasion  after  dispeche  of  his  grace  affaires  take  your  tymc 
to  sollicite  Thempmv/r  to  ordcyne  that  they  may  have  brefe 
Justice  and  Reason  by  his  Juge  mynystrcd  vnto  them  there 
and  that  they  may  be  no  lenger  traded  and  dilayed  in  their 
sute  to  the  vttcr  vndoing  of  som  of  them  the  kinge  highnes 
hath  graunted  vnto  them  a  let/ere  to  the  said  emptrour  of  the 
same  tenowr  requiring  hym  to  cause  Justice  to  be  ministred 
vrit/t  declarac/on  that  his  Ma/etc  hath  appoinctcd  you  to 
sollicite  their  expedition,  ye  shal  do  well  and  charitably  to 
helpe  them  of  your  Intercession  both  to  thcmpmv/r  and 
to  his  prive  counseill  tobtcync  shortc  jugcmcnt  and  final 


stc. 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  163 

cnde  in  their  matiers,  Also  to  desire  you  that  ye  shal  call 
vpon  thempmwr  to  sende  Instructions  full  and  ample  in  to 
Flaundres  for  expedition  of  the  matiers  and  that  the  king^r 
highnes  ambassadors  shal  not  Remayne  ther*  w*t//oute  busy- 
nes  but  evermore  precede  to  thexpedition  of  there  affaires. 
Not  faylyng  after  your  accoustumed  fashon  to  vse  diligence 
in  geving  aduertissemewt  of  all  the  answeres  ye  shall  have 
there  occurrence  and  other  things  whereof  ye  may  atteync 
any  knowlege  being  of  any  Importaunce)  I  cowmitte  you  to 
our  blessed  Lord^r  custodye  and  keping  who  preserve  you. 
From  London  this  xxviijth  daye  of  Noue;«ber  1538. 

At  the  tyme  of  the  cowdewmaabn  of  the  Sacramewtary  the 
kingly  highnes  caused  som  pnrclamaczbns  to  be  made  the  copie 
whereof  in  prynte  ye  shal  receyve  hirewzt//. 

Your  assuryd  louyng  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  loving  freend  Sir  Thomas  Wyat  Knight 
The  Kinge  Ambassadowr  w/'t/:  Thempm>ttr. 

Endd.  From  my  lorde  previe  seal  the  xxviii  of  Nove/wbrr 
by  NicrWas  the  Couriowr 

282.  CROMWELL  TO  JOHN  RUSSELL. 

Library  of  William  Berington,  Esq.,  of  Little  Malvern  Court ;   not  in  Cal. 
Dec.  7,  1538. 

Has  been  informed  that  the  bearer  has  been  discharged  from  the  position 
he  held  in  the  Marches  of  Wales.  Desires  Russell  to  admit  him  again 
to  the  office,  to  hold  it  alone  or  jointly  with  Humphrey  Calfield. 

Mr  Russell  after  my  hartie  Recowmendacyons  where  as  on 
the  behalfe  of  a  ryght  towarde  yonge  man  Edwarde  Bashe  (?) 
this  Berer  I  am  enfowrmed  that  heretofore  he  hath  exercysed 
the  Rowme  and  offyce  of  your  deputy  or  clarke  in  the  kynges 
Ulajestes  signet  in  the  Marches  of  Walys  And  that  vppon 
certeyn  contraversies  attempted  betwixt  your  son  and  the 
saide  Edwarde  yow  discharged  hym  of  any  further  Intcr- 
medlyng  vnder  yowe  And  for  as  moche  as  he  is  avauncyd  to 
the  parfect  knowledge  of  the  saide  office  and  a  parsone  hable 
to  do  the  kynges  highnes  acceptable  s^rvyce  in  that  office  and 
therunto  is  well  anymated  I  shall  therfore  hartely  requyre  and 
desire  you  at  the  Contemplacyon  of  thise  my  L^/teres  and  for 
my  sake  to  admyt  accept  and  allowe  the  saide  Edwarde  in  to 
the  saide  offyce  as  your  deputye  wzt//owt  further  protracte 
of  tyme  or  at  the  Leste  to  admyt  the  saide  Edwarde  Joyntly 
occupier  therof  w/t^  one  humfrey  Calfield  now  -your  deputy 

M  i 


164  LETTERS  OF  [i 

and  that  the  saidc  Edwardc  receyvyng  benefit  at  yowr  hand<\r 
as  the  moment  of  my  rcquysicion  dothe  importe  (dowte  yc 
not)  I  shall  have  your  gratuytye  theryn  in  Remembraunce  not 
to  be  forgottyn  yow  may  be  sure  whensoever  the  tyme  and 
case  shall  so  requyre  And  thus  hartely  fare  ye  well  from 
London  the  vii"1  of  Decembre  the  thirty  year  of  the  kyng« 
"M.ajfstfs  moste  noble  reign 

Yowr  lovyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  Lovyng  frende  John  Russell  Esquyer  the 
Kyng«  Secretary  of  the  Marches  of  Walys. 

283.   (CROMWELL)  TO  . 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  1004.    (Dec.  1538.) 

Concerning  the  payment  of  a  debt  owed  to  the  husband  of  the  recipient 
by  the  late  Marquis  of  Exeter.  Advice  about  the  disposition  of  her 
property  at  her  death. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  commendations  Ye  shall  vnderstande 
that  according  vnto  your  desier  I  haue  moved  the  kingrj 
highnes  for  the  payment  of  suche  somes  of  Money  as  the  Late 
Marquis  of  Excestre  owghte  vnto  my  Loving  Freend  your 
Husbande  whose  soule  god  pardon  and  haue  foundc  his 
highnes  veray  good  in  that  bchalfe.  Like  as  my  Loving 
srruaunt  Will/am  Button  the  bearer  herof  shall  forther 
declare  vnto  you.  And  Forasmoche  as  at  all  tymes  I  haue 
borne  my  good  mynde  and  will  aswcll  vnto  you  as  to  yo//r 
said  Husbonde  eucr  being  glade  to  see  you  do  well,  And  now 
do  consider  that  ye  be  sickelye  and  brokne  with  age,  and  also 
that  ye  haue  possession  and  great  substance  of  good  &  whiche 
like  as  ye  haue  honestlye  and  wiselye  Vsed  and  ordered  them 
in  your  Lyef  tyme  Yf  the  same  shuld  be  smored  or  mys- 
ordered  after  your  decease  it  were  great  pitye  and  displeasour 
to  yo//r  Freendes  and  to  suche  as  Loue  you,  I  can  do  no  lessc 
then  declare  vnto  you  this  mynr  advyce  and  Counsaile,  that 
now  bifore  the  Fcrvcntnes  and  outerage  of  sicknes  do  moleste 
and  vex  your  mynde,  Ye  quietly  Despose  and  ordre  aswell 
your  goodes  and  Rychesse  as  your  Landes  and  Heridita- 
metttfs  Wherbye  your  Freendes  may  Fare  the  better,  and 
your  selfe  more  quiet  in  mynde  to  make  you  mete  to  god, 
whiche  thinge  avoyding  worldely  cures  from  you  shall 
nothing  shorten  your  dayes  of  Leving,  But  rather  prolonge 
the  same.  And  wheras  my  said  Loving  seruaunt  this  bearer 
is  your  Freend  and  allyauncc,  and  I  know  him  to  be  a  man 
whiche  vndowtedly  mochc  tenderithe  your  honestye  and  good 


1538]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  165 

fame  in  defence  wherof  he  hathe  paste  suche  stormes  as  some 
man  wolde  not  haue  doom?  to  wynne  therby  great  somes  of 
money,  the  specialties  wherof  albeit  I  doubt  nothing  but  ye 
know  p^rfetly  to  be  trew,  Yet  I  shall  require  you  to  here 
him  therin  and  to  geue  forther  credence  vnto  him  aswell  in 
this  matter  as  in  other  whiche  he  shall  opynne  to  you  more 
playnelye  And  for  his  trewithe  I  thinke  ye  can  not  Fynde 
suche  a  nother  so  mete  to  be  oone  of  them  that  shuld  haue 
the  ordre  and  disposioon  aswell  of  your  goodes  as  of  your 
Landes.  Considering  the  good  honesty  and  fydelitie  that 
I  know  to  be  in  the  man  and  also  that  he  is  your  alyauns  and 
suche  oon  as  your  Husbonde  dyd  moche  favor.  Thiese  shalbe 
to  Desyer  you  that  ye  who  haue  shewed  your  selfe  a  wise 
woman  hietherto  do  not  forget  and  ouershote  yourselfe  now 
in  your  olde  dayes  but  be  ordered  by  my  said  advyce  and 
Counsaile  Havinge  sent  my  said  smirtunt  your  alyauns  vnto 
you  for  the  setting  forwarde  and  p^rformaunce  of  the  said 
purpose  Whom  I  doubt  not  but  ye  shall  fynde  bothe  Faithfull 
and  trustye,  and  mete  for  the  same  And  forther  I  shall 
require  you  taduertise  me  by  him  in  writing  of  your  good 
conformitie  and  agrement  herunto  Wherby  I  may  haue  cause 
to  set  forwarde  aswell  your  said  sute  vnto  the  King^  Mai^rtie 
and  to  accompleshe  the  same,  as  to  preferre  and  forther  all 
your  other  sutar  as  occasion  shall  srrue.  Thus  Fare  ye  right 
Hartelye  well  From 

284.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  COUNCIL  OF  THE  NORTH). 

R.  O.  CaL  xiii.  (i)  2.    ( 1 537  or  1538.'  > 

Instructions  concerning  the  valuation  and  disposition  of  the  goods  and 
chattels  of  persons  attainted  in  the  north,  and  concerning  the 
appointment  of  an  auditor.  A  fragment. 

Furth  if  any  of  the  gooddes  conteyned  in  the  scedule  be 
praised  to  a  more  value  thenne  they  be  worthe  or  alleaged 
soo  to  be,  you  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  indifferently 
praised  again  by  iiii  honest  indifferent  prrsonnes,  soo  as  the 
said  Acco;«ptanter  woll  abide  the  like  touching  other  things 
that  be  praised  vnder  the  value  whiche  in  cace  they  woll  seke 
any  relief  by  that  meanes  you  shal  also  put  in  vre. 

Fifte  as  concernyng  the  gooddrj  sold  by  the  said  late 
Sheriff  under  the  iust  value  of  the  same  onles  you  canne 
prove  aperte  fraude  in  the  doing  therof  his  maieste  wold  not 
therw/t//  charge  his  accowptawtar  further  thenne  witA  the 
payment  of  the  money  receyved  for  them,  whiche  reason 
requireth. 

1  sic ;  see  Notes. 


166  !  I.TTKRS  OF  [i 

Sixt  if  you  shall  by  examynac/on  fynde  that  there  cam  to 
thandrt  of  the  said  late  Sheriff*  more  goodes  &  catallrr  thcnnc 
be  cowteyned  in  the  sccdule  his  pleasure  is  you  shall  make 
also  a  charge  thcrof  and  annex  it  in  a  codicill  to  the  sccdule 
Joyncd  w/t/r  the  cow/mission,  preceding  in  suchc  wise  thcrin 
as  it  may  apperc  that  his  highnes  rcquireth  rather  Icssc  tlienne 
more  thcnne  might  iustly  be  Demaunded  from  him  suchc 
respecte  his  Ma^-Jte  hathc  to  the  srruicc  don  by  the  said  late 
Shircflf  in  the  tyme  of  the  late  rebellion  in  those  parties. 
And  his  grace  wol  that  you  shall  take  like  ordre  for  the 
gooddrj  of  the  said  prrsonncs  attainted  rcmayning  in  Richc- 
mowdshirr  and  other  liberties  thoughe  the  names  of  the  per- 
sonnes  nor  the  particulers  of  the  gooddrj  be  not  contcyncd 
in  the  sccdule  annexed  to  the  commission  In  whiche  pointe 
you  be  thoughe  to  be  very  scrupulous  that  being  there  coun- 
sailors  wold  suffre  his  highnes  to  lose  his  right  whiche  might 
be  recouped  by  your  industries  for  want  of  auctoritie  by 
sper/all  cow/mission  to  loke  to  that  indifferently  and  honestly 
that  might  redounde  to  his  gracrj  iust  benefits. 

Finally  as  touching  the  Audito//r  his  grace  is  content  you 
shall  (appoint)  some  Audito//r  of  those  parties  whom  yc  shal 
thinke  mete  a«d  if  there  be  none  such  you  be  thought  (to) 
be  menne  that  canne  make  a  iust  plane  accompte  whiche  in 
this  case  may  srrue  and  shall  be  as  well  accepted  being  true 
and  subscribed  w/'tA  yo//r  handcs  as  thoughe  it  were  paynted 
•witJt  the  gaye  forme  of  the  best  Auditowrj  that  might  be 
appointed  For  that  purpose  And  thus  Fare 

285.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  HarL  MSS.  282,  f.  160;  CaL  xiv.  (i)  93.    Jan.  19,  1539. 

Informs  him  that  his  return  to  England  is  deferred  till  April.  Advises 
him  to  be  patient  and  more  careful  in  the  expenditure  of  money. 
Desires  him  to  obtain  the  Emperor's  answer  to  the  King's  letters  as 
soon  as  possible. 

After  my  right  hcrty  cowmcndac/ons  I  have  receyved 
yowr  k//rres,  by  this  bearer  Nicolas  and  sett  furth  the  matter 
of  yo//r  Rctournat  Marche  next  and  my  sute  notwithstanding 
it  is  differred  tyll  Aprill  as  yc  shal  prrceyve  by  the  kingrr 
lr//rrcs  who  l  mau'ste  taketh  yo//r  diligence  and  active  alacritc 
there  in  good  part  sending  you  answer  of  his  graces  pleas///r 
in  all  things  as  by  his  said  \cttercs  ye  shal  prrccyve  I  doubte 
not  but  yc  shal  duely  discharge  yowr  duetie  in  the  setting 
furth  thereof  as  ye  have  don  hitherto.  I  advise  you  to  take 

1  sif,  for  '  whose.' 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  167 

patiently  your  abode  there  tyll  Aprill  and  to  sende  me  worde 
what  money  ye  shal  nede  to  have  sent  vnto  you  for  I  shal 
helpe  you.  Assuri«g  you  that  I  could  not  see  you  that 
went  and  hath  abyden  there  honestly  furnished  to  Retowrne 
home  and  at  the  later  ende  to  retowne  nedy  and  disfurnished 
I  do  better  tender  the  kingcs  honour,  and  esteme  you  better 
then  so  to  suffre  you  to  lacke.  Advising  you  nevertheles,  that 
I  thinke  your  gentil  franck  hert  doth  moche  empovrishe 
you  whan  ye  have  money  ye  are  content  to  departe  w/t/* 
it  and  lende  it  as  ye  did  lately  ii°°  dzvl  to  Mr  Hobby 
the  which  I  thinke  had  no  nede  of  them  for  he  had  large  fur- 
nishemcwt  of  money  at  his  departure  hens  and  likewise  at 
his  Retowm  We  acoustume  not  to  sende  men  disprovided  so 
ferre.  Take  hede  therfore  howe  ye  departe  of  such  portion 
as  ye  nede.  And  forsee,  rather  to  be  provided  yo//rself.  then 
for  the  prouision  of  other  to  leave  yo//rself  nacked,  politike 
charite  pr^ccdeth  not  that  waye.  If  ye  shal  adu<?;-tise  me 
what  suwmes  ye  shal  nede  I  shal  take  a  waye  that  ye  shal 
be  furnished.  I  Require  you  to  sollicite  an  answere  of 
Thcmprro///-  to  tenow  of  the  kingrj  lef/eres  and  as  shortely 
as  ye  can  and  as  often  as  ye  maye  have  oportunite  to  ad- 
uertise  his  Ma*V.rtie  amplely  of  all  occurrcwte?  Thus  Fare 
ye  hertely  well  From  London  this  xixth  of  January  1538. 

Your  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  loving  freend  sir  Thomas  Wyat  Knight 
oonr  of  the  gentil  men  of  the  king^r  Chawber  And  his  graces 
ambassador  w/t//  Themp^/-o?/r. 

286.   CROMWELL  TO  EDMUND  HARVELL. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  104.    Jan.  21,  1539. 

Instructions  for  negotiations  for  a  league  of  England  with  the  Duke  of 
Urbino  and  other  Italian  States  against  the  Pope.  The  marginal 
notes  are  in  another  hand. 

Instrucc/ons  by  the  lord  Crumwell  lord  pryvey  Scale  geven 
vnto  his  trusty  and  loving  frende  Edmond  Haryvell  And  sent 
the  xxi111  of  January  the  XXXth  yerr  of  the  kingtt  most  noble 
Rcgne. 

Whcr  by  sundry  reaportrj  and  Informac/ons  made  vnto  the 
said  lordc  Crumwell,  aswell  of  the  good  lernyng,  dexteritc, 
prudence,  circumspection,  vertues  and  other  good  qualities  as 

1  i.  e.  200  ducats. 


168  I.KTTKRS   OF  [1539 

also  of  the  good  zelc,  affection  and  fidclite,  the  said  Edmowd 
1 1  a r\  veil  bcircth  towards  his  sourrain  lord  and  prince,  And  the 
wcalthc  of  his  naturall  Cuwtrcy,  his  lordship  cstemyng  hym 
worthy  his  highnes  gracious  favowr,  &  to  be  put  in  crcdict, 
hath  thought  at  this  tymc  to  give  vnto  hym  the  charge 
and  Commission  of  certain  suchc  his  maicstics  affaires  as 
folowe. 

First  his  lordship  doubtcth  not  but  the  said  Edmond  Hary- 
vell  knoweth  amply,  the  greate  reasonable  and  Importaunt 
Causes  vpon  the  whiche  his  grace,  by  the  advice  and  assent  of 
his  hole  Realme,  hath  spoken  of,  and  put  awaye  the  hcyvy 
yoke  of  that  vsurped  Auctorite1,  whiche  the  bishop  of  Rome 
vscd  vpon  his  said  Realme  and  to  take  vpon  his  maicstye  the 
dignitye  of  supreme  hede  of  the  churche  of  the  same  belong- 
ing to  the  imprriall  Corone  therof,  wherby  his  maiestye  hathe 
hitherto  avoyded  a  greate  part  of  suche  suprrsticion,  Idolatry, 
and  other  execrable  abvses  crept  and  planted  by  litle  and 
litle  amongrr  his  grac^r  subiectrj,  by  the  crafty  and  deceytfull 
conveyaunce  of  the  said  bishop2  of  Rome  and  his  adherents, 
who  do  regard  nothing  but  to  fulfyll  their  covetouse  avarice 
and  insaciable  mynd  for  the  whiche  doings  the  said  bishop 
(as  his  lordship  is  adurrtised)  entending  to  recourr  and  mayn- 
teyn  his  tyranny  aswell  vpon  his  grace  as  other  princes 
Realmes,  hath  conceyved  an  extreme  furious  malice  against 
his  maiestye,  and  contynually  studyeth  and  maligneth,  howc  he 
might  annoye  or  greve  hym  w/t^  anye  meanes  possible.  And 
albeit  his  highnes  dothc  in  no  wise  feare  any  of  his  Cen- 
sures attewptatrj  or  othrr  malicious  &  dcvilishe  machinac/ons, 
knowing  that  all  the  popishe  power  is  not  hable  to  hurt  his 
grace,  bothe  for  the  strength  of  his  Realme,  and  also  because 
(whiche  is  the  chief  ground  to  stand  &  fix  vpon)  his  highnes 
taketh  the  part  of  trueth,  whiche  is  god,  who  delyurrrth  itself 
ahvaies,  yet  neurrtheles  his  maiesty,  being  of  that  godly  dis- 
posic/on  that  he  wold  not  only  the  same  tyranny  of  the  see  of 
Rome  shuld  be  so  repressed  and  the  power  so  moderate  that 
the  syncere  word  of  god  and  the  gospell  shuld  be  no  further 
oppressed  by  their  pardons  suprrsticions  tryfellrj  and  abuses, 
and  that  the  princej  of  christendome  might  enioye  the  auctorite 
of  them  gevyn  by  god  hym  self  but  also  his  highnes  wold  be 
lothc  to  see  any  other  king  or  prince  Iniustly  gorma//dcd, 
oppressed  or  oiurthrown  by  the  popish  tyranny  spnially  in 
their  rightfull  causes.  Insomoche  that  his  grace  wold  be  glad 

1  In  the  margin :  The  king  re-  *  In  the  margin  :  The  Pope  en- 

jecting  the   usurped  Authentic  of  deavours  to  re-introduce  his  supcr- 

the  Pope  takes  vpon  him  to  be  stitious  Religion  into  England  and 

supreme  head  of  the  Church  other  kingdomes 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  169 

to  make  supporte l  subvention  and  confort  vnto  them  to  resist 
his  malice,  And  by  all  meanesto  his  highnes  possible  Frendely 
employe  hym  self,  that  the  said  Tyranny  shuld  not  pra-ayle, 
but  the  said  princes  escape  and  avoyde  his  perucrsc  and 
extreme  Rigorouse  pj/rposes.  Wherin  his  maiestye  wold 
ncurrtheles  non  otherwise  precede  but  as  he  shall  first  be  well 
informed  of  the  truthe  and  lawfulnes  of  the  mater,  and  therwz'tA 
he  requyred  desyred  and  prayed  in  that  behalf,  For  assuredly 
his  highnes  woll  neuer  medic  to  support  any  maner  cause 
but  only  suche  as  shalbe  knowen  Just  and  lawfull,  and  that 
do  tende  to  the  hono//r  and  glory  of  god,  the  setting  forthe 
of  his  truthe,  And  repression  of  thaduersaries  of  the  same, 
for  w/t//out  any  doubt  his  maiesty  is  not  only  vttrrly  fixed 
never  to  helpe  or  maynteyne  any  Iniust  querell,  but  also 
tendeth  and  regardeth  so  moch  his  high  honour  that  yet  in 
the  supportacion  of  Justice  he  woll  avoyde  as  mochc  as  may 
be  wzt//  the  pleasure  of  almighty  god,  to  be  bruted  suspected 
or  noted  as  a  perturbato//r  of  peax  renowned  to  sett  men  at 
variance  or  otherwise  to  disquyete  any  part  of  Christendom, 
wher  in  dede  his  gracious  Inclinacion  is  suche,  that  to  the 
contrary  he  en  tendeth  peax,  vnyon,  amyte,  and  concord  with- 
out any  strive  or  warr  onles  his  grace  be  moved  and  in  maner 
cowstreyned  therunto  by  the  malice  of  thadurrsaries  of  god,  of 
his  Royall  right  or  stirred  for  suche  Just  and  evident  lawfull 
causes  as  be  aforesaid,  In  which  cace  what  his  Royall  dexteritc, 
alacrite,  and  princely  stomake  can  do  It  hathe  heretofore  by 
experience  ben  clearly  known  by  prosperous  Succes  of  all  his 
enterprises  (prayses  be  vnto  owr  Creator)  This  is  his  majesties 
most  honourable  disposition  of  the  which  his  lordship  hath 
for  this  purpose  thought  expedient  to  aduertise  in  genrrall  the 
said  — —  for  the  better  cowducing  of  his  purpose  in  this  and 
other  things  that  shalbe  hereafter  committed  to  his  charge 
and  discrecion  To  thentent  He  maye  so  depely  engrave  and 
prynt  in  his  memory  theffect  of  the  same  as  a  lyne  and  Ruler 
whcnv/t/*  he  may  be  addressed  to  discharge  hymself  as  apper- 
teyneth 

Second,  wher  his  lordship  is  credibly  informed  that  the 
said  bishop 2  of  Rome,  of  his  Inique  covetous  and  vengeable 
disposicion,  dothe  nowe  enterprise  and  set  forthe  a  grcatc 
armye  against  the  duke  of  Vrbyn  for  the  Cite  and  Domynion 
of  Camcryn,  Intending  to  put  hym  to  extreme  Rigor,  wrong- 
fully and  against  all  right,  And  that  if  he  spede  well  in  his 

1  In  the  margin:    His  Majwty  sett  forth  against  the  D.  of  Urbin 
inclined  to  aid  any  who  are  op-  for   the    Citty  and   Dominion    of 
pressed  by  the  Pope.  Cameryn 

2  In    the    margin :   The    Popes 


i;<>  LETTERS  OF  [i 

Jorney  and  w/t/r  his  popishc  power  shal  ovcrthrowc  the  said 
duke1  (suchc  is  the  Ambicion  of  old  Ipocrysy)  he  shall  attempt 
the  like  or  further  against  Fcrrare,  Mantua,  and  other  Estate 
of  Italy,  to  thair  vttcr  vndoing,  of  the  which  and  howe  Fcrr 
furthc  the  cnterpr/ses  be  on  bothe  parties  his  lordship  is 
desirous  to  be  adurrtised.  And  therupon  according  to  the 
premisses  precede  to  informe  and  suadc  the  kingrj  highnes  as 
shall  appertain. 

Third  his  lordship  wold  be  informed  as  well  of  the 
Inclinacion  of  the  Veneciaws  towards  the  bishop  of  Rome, 
and  his  Cruel  cnterpr/scs  against  Cameryn  and  howe  they 
favo//r  cither  parte,  as  also  of  thair  cntelligencrj,  Successes, 

and  occurantrj  ther,  as  it  can  not  be  but  the  said for 

his  cowtynuall  abyding  thus  many  yeres,  and  of  his  good 
acquaynta//ce  w/'t//  men  of  good  credict  ther  dothe  knowe 
alredy  or  may  easely  khowe  as  of  hym  self,  and  as  having  no 
comw/ission  therof 

Fourth  his  lordship  rcquireth  that  w/'t//  all  convenient  dili- 
gence the  said riding  abrode  yf  nede  be  wherin  for  his 

Costo  and  expencrj  his  lordship  sendeth  vnto  hym  at  this 
tymc  the  som  of  cc.  marVu-s  to  be  received  by  exchaunge  ther, 
shall  vndcr  the  colowr  of  his  feate  and  trade  of  merchandise, 
keping  this  Commission  secrete  from  all  men  endevowr  his  vt- 
tcrmost  power  not  only  to  knowe  howe  the  mater  of  Cameryn 
dothc  stand  in  all  poynter,  and  whither  thempmwr  hath 
com/wittcd  som  of  his  nobles  to  stey  and  pacyfye  that  mater, 
whither  the  mater  be  in  any  wise  compounded,  or  like  to  be 
compounded,  shortcly  or  no  And  that  for  the  assurance  of 
adurrtisment  he  shall  alwaies  assaye  to  atteyne  true  knowlaigc 
therof,  of  som  sure,  expert,  and  no  light  persons,  as  his  dis- 
crccion  can  forcast  &  prudently  forsee  And  for  the  atteynyng 
of  the  same  to  spare  no  riding  ncr  reasonable  cost2,  likewise 
of  the  affaires  of  Ferrare  and  Mantua  particulerly  howe  they 
stond,  also  howe  the  nobles  static  and  gentlemen  of  Italy  ar 
bent  and  beare  affection  and  therof  to  aduertise  w/t//  con- 
venient diligence  surely  and  secrctely  his  lordship,  And  chifely 
of  all  the  particularities  of  thestate  of  Cameryn  in  eurry 

poynt,  And  in  cace  the  said shall  perceive  assurydly  the 

contcncions  thervpon  to  be  pacyfyed,  steyd  or  haue  otherwise 
likelihod  manifest  &  probable  shortcly  to  quaylc  and  be  ended 

1  In  the  margin :  If  the  Popes  veil  for   his  expences,  who   is   to 

Army  prove  victorious  he  intends  to  follow  his  trade,  keeping  his  com- 

.utatque  Fcrrara  Mantua  &  other  mission    secret   &   to    inform   his 

Italian  Princes  with  the  same.  Lordship  of  the  state  of  affaires  in 

1  In  the  margin  :  My  Lord  Crom-  Italy  front  time  to  time, 
well  sends  200  marks  to  Mr.  Har- 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  171 

for  ever,  or  for  many  monethes  Then  shall  the  said precede 

no  further  for  this  tyme,  till  vpon  full  adu^rtismewt  geven  of 
all  those  vnto  his  lordship,  he  shal  haue  further  knowlaige  of 
his  lordships  advice  and  cntent  vpon  the  same. 

Fyft  in  cace  the  said shall  fynd  to  the  contrary  those 

strives,  wzV/out  any  suche  likelihod  of  steye,  although  his 
maiestye  as  reason  requireth  shuld  be  bothe  prayed  by  Vrbyn 
&  other,  and  instantely  besought  for  his  graces  favour  & 
support  For  thair  part  as  it  becometh  them,  For  as  the  cormwon 
pr^verbe  is  profred  offre  stinketh,  or  at  the  lest  is  suspecte, 
yet  neu^rtheles  considering  thair  ferr  distance  from  hens  and 
litle  acquayntance  and  Intelligence  bctwen  them,  wherby  they 
may  be  discoraged  to  haue  any  subuention  support  or  favour 
at  his  graces  hand l  and  in  respecte  that  the  old  duke^  of  Vrbyn 
was  an  honourable  and  valiawt  prince  and  oon^  of  the  noble 
order  of  the  garter  wherby  his  highnes  hath  yet  som  favour 
roted  in  his  hert  towards  Vrbyn  and  his  house,  and  shuld 
moch  Reioyse  to  here  of  his  good  Successes,  aswell  for  the 
same  &  other  considerations  in  the  first  article  herof,  his 
lordship  willeth  that  yf  it  may  in  any  wise  be  possible  the 

said  as  of  hymself  and  as  though  he  had  no  maner 

comw/ission  shall  by  the  meane  of  his  acquayntance  or 
otherwise  to  the  Duke  hymself,  to  som  of  his  Counsail  or 
to  such  other  honest  and  assured  person  (wherby  the  Duke 
may  haue  knowlaige)  set  forth  the  declaraabn  of  his  good 
will  and  affection  towards  the  duke  and  his  good  successors 
and  desier  them  moche  to  knowe  howe  his  cace  standeth  wit/t 
that  bishop  which  is  also  adurrsary  to  his  naturall  prince,  and 
Cuntrey  of  England  sayeng  vnto  them  that  he  wisheth  hym 
to  be  aswell  acquaynted  wit/i  the  klnges  maiestye  as  the  old 
duke  his  predecessor  was,  and  that  he  might  also  obteyn 
the  order  of  the  garter2  whiche  shuld  be  notable  and  very 
honourable  to  hym,  yf  he  could  aswell  succede  in  the  said 
order  as  in  other  things,  And  also  that  it  is  like  that  he 
shuld  eascly  obteyne  the  same  forasmoch  as  ther  be  yet  (at) 
this  tyme  crrtain  Rowmes  of  that  order  voyde,  whiche  as  he 
vnd^rstandeth  by  his  freendes  his  highnes  is  not  hasty  to 
conferre  but  vpon  good  deliberacion  and  to  bestowe  them 
vpon  men  of  hono;/r  and  of  the  best  sorte  and  specially  as  it 
(is)  to  be  thought  vpon  the  Successowrs  of  those  that  haue 
been  his  Auncient  FrecnoVj  and  were  of  the  same  order, 

1  In  the  margin:   His  MajVjty  Garter. 

desires  to  be  sought  by  the  tiute  *  In  t/ie  margin  ;  An  offer  of  the 

of  Vrbin  to  fauour  him,  retaining  Garter  secretly  made  to  the  young 

a  respect  for  the  old  Duke  of  Urbins  Duke  there   being    certain   places 

valour  who  he  made  Krtig/it  of  the  void. 


172  LETTERS  OF  [I^Q 

whcrof  the  said shall  prrtcndc  to  hauc  been  adurrtiscd 

by  som  of  his  ncrc  frcndrj  in  England,  taking  vpon  hym  that 
if  the  Duke  woll  require  his  highncs,  he  is  assured  he  shuld 
here  honest  answer,  and  that  he  trusteth  the  mater  shalbc  easy 

Inogh,  and  bcsyckr  that  the  said shall  say  that  he  thinkcth 

vndoubtedly  yf  the  kinger  maiesty  shuld  be  assured  of  the 
veray  rightwisnes  of  his  cause,  and  that  if  he  might  perceive 
that  by  no  honest  or  reasonable  mcanes  he  can  pacyfye  his 
enemye  and  agree  \v/t/r  hym  reasonably  w/V/out  any  warr  or 
effusyon  of  blod  but  rather  shalbe  cowstreyned  to  defendc 
hymself  w/'t//  the  sword,  than l  his  maiestyc  well  knowing  and 
having  shakkyn  of  alredy  the  malice  and  onerous  yoke  of  that 
bishop  of  Rome,  shuld  wishe  hym  as  good  Succcsse  as  to  his 
speciall  frend  against  the//emye  (as  he  takyth  hym)  of  princes, 
and  that  it  he  shall  thinke  taduertisc  his  highncs  •  of  the  truth  of 
the  mater,  and  of  his  mynd  and  purpose  therin  he  to  his 
power  &  simple  Jugcment  thinketh  that  vpon  the  sug  .  .  t 
.  .  .  ow  .  .  .  ge  of  his  Just  right,  his  highnes  woll  tenderly 
studye  to  do  hym  som  suchc  good  subuewtion  and  conforte 
as  may  stand  with  his  graces  hono//r,  as  the  qualities  of 
the  amyte  &  favowr  he  beireth  vnto  that  famyly  shall  require 

vsing  the  said in  the  pr<?posic«bn  therof  &  answers  to  be 

geven  that  sobernes  and  temperature  as  he  may  perceive  is  to 
be  vsed  by  the  first  of  these  Instrucc/ons  And  if  by  this 
occasyon  the  said  Duke  shall  shewe  hymself  dcsyrous  to  hauc 

the  order  of  the  garter  the  said shall  answer  that  albeit 

he  hath  no  3  commission  thereof  yet  he  doubteth  not  forasmoch 

as  ...  Rowmes  therof  voyde  his fauowrable  vnto  hym 

but  if  there  shuld  be  made  vnto  hym  overture  of  Ayde  and 
helpe  of  som  souldycwrs  or  money  for  his  defence  the  said 

—  shall  answer  that  albeit  he  is  assured  the  kingej  grace  to  be 
of  fauowrablc  disposicion  towards  hym  as  he  hath  vnderstood 
by  som  of  his  frcndej,  yet  neuertheles  he  knoweth  no  port  his 
graces  mynd  therin,  howe  be  it  he  may  assure  that  he  thinkcth 
yf  the  duke  shall  informe  his  maiestye  of  the  Justice  of  his 
cause  and  require  hym  of  support  &  ayde  he  shall  fynd  his 
maiestye  as  gracious  and  a  noble  prince,  and  suche  as  woll 
shewe  his  good  affection  wit//  effect 

Seventhe  .  yf  the  said shall  perceive  that  those  maters 

of  Cameryn  (remayning  in  trouble)  other  prince,  as  of  Ferrarc 
or  Mantua  wold  take  part  in  it,  or  nothing  relent  for  the  said 
bishop,  then  he  shall  first  by  his  polycye  as  of  hymself  asscy 

1  /iV,  for  '  then.'  he  will  send  him  succour. 

*  In  the  margin  :   It  is  probable         '  c.  o.  but  a  gen/rall  commission 

that  when    his    MaiVjty  shall   be  and  no  word  . . .  thereof 
advertised  of  the  cause  of  the  warr 


THOMAS   CROMWELL  173 

to  atteyn  the  like  w*t//  them  as  is  beffore  expressed  wit/i  the 
Duke  of  Vrbyn,  mutatw  mutandis  not  forgetting  alwaies 
sobernes,  and  temperate  c/rcuwspection  in  all  poyntes  before 
expressed *. 

Eight  that  in  all  places,  where  the  said shall  perceive 

any  notable  and  honest  persons  2  apte  to  here  and  to  lerne  the 
truthe,  and  that  be  like  to  haue  a  sincere  zeale  to  the  truthe,  or 

beire  som  hatred  to  the  bishop  of  Rome soberly  and 

w*t//  no  rayling  wordes  endevowr  hym  self  c/Vcuwzspectly  to 
fele  thair  veray  mynd^y  and  disposition,  and  so  employe 
his  witt  to  powre  in  som  smak  of  the  pure  lernyng  of  Cristrj 
doctrine  among?*  them  and  to  open  them  the  sight  to 
prrceyve  the  abuses  of  pardones,  reliques,  and  other  super- 
sticions,  of  the  bishop  of  Romes  see,  contrary  to  the  gospell, 
not  forgetting  to  declare  his  vsurped  power  vpon  his  neiburs 
&  prince3  to  the  detriment  of  thair  supremacye  graunted 
to  them  by  the  holy  scripture,  And  like  as  he  shal  haue  feled 
any  of  the  nobles  or  notable  persons  disposed,  So  he  shall 
at  convenient  occasion,  knowing  first  thair  inclinacion,  precede 
from  stepp  to  stepp,  further  and  further.  Qrelles  yf  they  be 
not  disposed  to  abyde,  then  he  shall  therafter  vse  temperate 

incurre  any  daungrr  or  be 

taking  alwaies  good  hede  to  be  ware  of 

dyssymblers  and  hypocrite,  As  it  is  not  to  be  doubted, 
but  his  discretion  can  haue  provident  regard  therunto. 

Fynally  the  said  Edmond  Haryvell  shal  by  all  wayes  and 
mcancs  to  hym  possible  diligewtly  enserche  Investigate  and 
Inquire  both  of  the  bishop  of  Romes  havio//r  practises  or  any 
entreprises  ag[ain]st  the  kinge  ma*V.rte  or  his  Royaulme,  and 
the  Intelligence  and  demean[our]  vrtt/t  the  practises  of  the 
said  pole  \vit/i  him  and  other  and  what  they  pwrpose  to  do 
what  they  go  aboute  to  attempte  And  in  cace  the  said  Haryvell 
can  get  any  mete  spye  aboute  them  or  any  of  them,  that  he 
shal  reteyn  the  same  and  send  worde  thereof  to  his  Lordeship 
and  of  the  stipewde  requisite  for  his  aspiall  And  his  lordship 
shal  cause  him  to  be  paid  And  generally  that  the  said  Haryvel 
shal  w/t//  expedition  from  tyme  to  tyme  -with  diligence  geue 
advertisement  to  his  lordship  of  almaiw  his  doings  preceding^ 
occurrences  and  successes  there  his  paynes  and  diligewce 
therein  to  be  reme;;/bred  and  Requited  accordingly. 

1  In  the  margin:    Mr.   Harvell  ligion  or  averse  to  the  Pope  he  shall 

to  perform  the  same  office  with  the  soberly  explaine  to  them  the  vanity 

\)uke  of  Mantoua  and  Ferrara  as  of  the  Romish  Doctrine, 

he  has  w/t^  the  Vutf  of  Urbin.  s  In  the  margin  :  . .  .  to  declare 

*  In  the  margin  :  If  he  shall  find  against  the  usurped  authority  of  the 

any  inclined  to  the  Protestant  re-  Pope  on  the  neighbour  Princes. 


174  LETTERS   OF  [  i  ;,jg 

287.  CROMWELL  TO  CHRISTOPHER  MONT. 

B.  M.  Vit.  B.  xxi,  f.  174  ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  103  (2).    (Jan.  1539.) 

Instructions  for  preliminary  negotiations  for  marriages  between  the 
Duke  of  Cleves  and  the  Princess  Mary,  and  between  Henry  and 
the  Duchess  Anne. 

A  memoriall  of  Instruct! he  lorde  Crumwcll  .  lor 

.  .  frend  Christofer  Moun.  . 


WHEREAS  the  Kmgcs  Ma/Vjtic  sendcth  at  this  tymc 

pher  Mount  vnto  the  Duke  of  Saxon  and  Landgra for 

certaine  his  gracrj  affaires  vnto  them,  The  said Mount 

shall  at  his  being  ther  take  occasion  to  common  ....  fcrre 

w/t//  Franciscus  Burgartus  the  said  dukvj  vicccha and 

late  his  oratowr  here  in  Englande,  And  on  the  biha  .  .  the  said 

lorde  Crumwell  w/t//  hartye  and  affectuous  co dations 

by  mouth  bisides  his  lordshippr^  l<*//Vres  to  the  said 

gartus  directed,  shall  declare  vnto  him  that  wheras a 

conference  bitwen  his  lordshipp  and  the  said  Burgartus  suchc 
tyme  as  he  was  here  orato//r,  concerning  an  alliauncc  of 
maryagc  to  be  contracted  bitwen  the  yongc  duke  of  Clev  .  .  . 
and  his  doughter  the  lady  Maryc,  The  duke  of  Saxon  his 
Maister,  as  he  hath  written  by  his  lr//rres  to  his  lordshipp,  is 
desirous  to  sett  forth  the  same  at  his  next  meting,  and  wissheth 
that  the  same  maye  succede,  Wheruppon  his  lordshipp  hath 
a  ferre  of  broken  and  made  overture  of  the  same  to  the  king<v 
hieghnes  whom  by  his  grao-j  countemwnce  and  exterior 
Visage,  he  hath  pcrceyved  to  be  of  good  Inclinacion,  and 
aunswered  that  for  the  duke  of  Saxon  .  .  .  sake  he  wold  do  very 
mooch,  but  yet  ncvcrtheles  he  entcndeth  to  make  non  aunsu  ere 
therunto,  tyll  after  requisition  therof  shalbe  made  vnto  his 
grace  by  the  parties.  In  which  cacc  w/t//  honorable  and 
reasonable  conditions,  the  said  lorde  Crumwell  trusteth  some 
good  effect  shall  ensue  therof. 

And  if  the  said  Burgartus  shall  desire  the  picture  of  her  face 
and  alledge  that  he  wrote  for  it,  he  ought  to  remembrc  that 
her  degre  is  suche,  being  the  kinges  doughter  that  of  noo 
tyme  it  hath  ben  sen,  that  the  pictures  of  such  shuld  be  sent 
abrodd,  And  specyally  seen  that  the  said  Burgartus  cannc  tcs- 
tifie  of  her  proportion,  countenauncc  and  bcautic,  Whoself  hath 
seen  her  And  although  she  be  but  his  gracrj  doughter  naturall 
oonly,  Yet  nevertheles  she  is  indcwed  and  adornate  as  all  the 
world  knoweth,  aswell  of  suchc  grace  of  bcautic  and  excellent 
propo  .  .  tion  of  her  personage  as  of  moost  excellent  lerning, 
honorable  bihauo//r  and  of  all  honest  vcrtucs  and  good  quali- 
ties, that  it  is  not  to  be  doubted,  but  whcnnc  all  the  rest 
shuldc  be  agreed,  no  man  wold  styck  nor  stayc  for  any  parte 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  175 

concerning  her  beautie  and  goodnes  but  rather  haue  more  then 
contentemewt  as  he  knoweth  right  well,  who  at  his  being  here 
sawc  her  self  visage. 

FURTHER  the  said  Christopher  Mount  shall  diligently  but 
secretly  Inquere  of  the  beautie  and  qualities  of  the  Lady 
eldest  of  booth  the  doughters  to  the  duke  of  Cleves,  Aswell 
whatshapp,  stature,  proportion  and  complexion  she  is  of  As  of 
her  lerning  actyvitie,  bihauo///-  and  honest  qualities,  And  if 
the  said  Christopher  Mount  shall  heare,  that  she  is  such  as 
might  be  likened  vnto  his  Ma/rjtie  Then  he  shall  saye  vnto  the 
said  Burgartus  That  the  lorde  Crumwell  muchc  tendering  the 
Kingrj  alliaunce  in  Germany,  If  he  could  fynde  any  occasion 
wolbe  gladd  to  employe  himself  ernestly  to  induce  and  per- 
suade the  kingrj  hieghnes  his  souerain  lorde  rather  to  Joyn 
\\'ii/t  them  then  otherwise,  specyally  for  the  duke  of  Saxonycs 
sake,  who  is  allyed  ther,  and  to  make  a  crosse  maryage  bitwen 
the  yong  duke  of  Cleves  and  my  lady  Mary  as  is  aforesaide. 
And  of  the  \t\ngcs  hieghnes  w/'t//  the  said  elder  doughtcr  of 
Cleves.  For  as  yet,  he  knoweth  not,  that  ther  is  any  conclusion 
in  any  of  the  overture  ...  of  maryage  made  to  his  grace  in 
Fraunce  or  in  Flaundres.  And  thinketh  that  his  grace  is  not 
of  light  procedyng  in  a  matier  of  suche  importaunce,  but  if 
they  wold  do  anything  thcrin,  he  thinketh  that  it  shulde  be 
moost  expedyewt  they  shuld  send  her  picture  hither,  to 
thentent  his  lordshipp  might  the  better  persuade  his  Ma*krtie 
therby :  A  ....  requisite  to  the  same,  and  allsoo  that  they 
shuld  vs  .  .  .  in  making  offre  or  motion  to  his  MazVjtie  therof 
bifore  ....  elusion  shuld  be  made  vfit/i  an  other.  And  then 
seing  ....  good  affection  towards  the  duke,  He  trusteth  that 
ey  .  .  .  .  some  good  successe  shuld  succede  therof,  in  the 
effect  of  ....  alliaunce,  Orellrj  that  the  same  shuld  be  a  cause 
to  e  ...  the  love  and  amytie  oon  both  parties.  And  soo  the 
sa  .  .  .  Christofer  Mount  shall  as  of  His  further  cons  ....  \\itfi 
the  said  Burgartus  of  all  things  possible  at  lardge  But  never- 
theles  not  as  demaunding  her,  but  as  geving  them  a  prick  to 
stirr  them  to  offre  her,  as  the  noblest,  and  hieghest  honour 
that  could  come  into  that  noble  howse  of  Cleves,  if  they  could 
bring  it  to  passe,  And  as  he  thinketh  the  matier  shuld  not  be 
taken  for  past  ner  desperate,  but  rather  (having  the  lorde 
privie  scale  moche  desirous  therof)  they  ought  to  hope  well* 
And  that  the  said  Christopher  Mount  thinketh  the  matier  to 
be  followed  on  thair  bihalf,  by  overture  vnto  his  Ma/Vjtie 
If  they  regard  her  hieghest  collocation  \vit/i  such  a  moost 
mighty  excellent  and  vcrtuous  Prince,  as  the  king  our 
soueraigne  Lorde. 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


176  1  LITERS   OF  [i 

288.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

1'..  M.  Titus  B.  i,  f.  263 ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  227.    Feb.  5  (1539). 

Reports  Castillon's  request  for  an  audience  with  the  King  and  his  desire 
to  return  to  France.  Has  shown  the  ambassador  that  the  King  is 
well  able  to  defend  himself  against  invasion. 

My  most  bounden  dutie  w/t//  all  Reuerence,  right  humbly 
rcmcmbrcd  to  yo//r  Ma/Vjtie.  Please  thesame  to  knowe  that 
this  present  mornyng  Mons*  de  Castillon  hath  bcne  w/t//  me, 
and  declared  that  yesterdaye  he  receyvcd  \tttercs  from  the 
king  his  Master  conteynyng  answere  to  suche  matiers  as  yo//r 
highnes  did  geve  hym  charge  to  write  of  The  whiche  he  wold 
be  gladd  he  myght  as  soiu-  as  could  be  declare  declare  *  vnto 
your  graces  self  afore  he  shuld  make  any  man  participaunt 
thereof  Requiring  me  therfore  to  be  his  meane  that  he  myght 
have  yo//r  gracrj  favorable  audience  assonr  as  could  be  possible 
and  to  knowe  yo//r  graciouse  pleasure  therupon  In  general  he 
arfirmeth  vnto  me  that  his  Master  counsydering  the  manyfold 
kyndnes  and  good  turncs  often  rcccyved  of  your  highnes 
gevcth  suche  frendcly  amyable  and  gentil  answere  as  may  be 
desired  accordingly  But  as  touching  the  declaration  of  the 
special  poinctor  he  shewed  hymself  so  loth  to  declare  them 
to  me  afore  he  had  exposed  them  to  your  maicste  that  I  could 
not  conveniently  w/'t^  honeste  presse  hym  of  thesame  yet 
nevertheles  I  have  amongrj  communications  at  large  sucked 
of  hym,  that  his  Master  woll  he  shuld  shortely  retowrne  thither 
to  hym  and  that  bitwenr  Themperowr  and  hym  there  is  no 
conclusion  as  yet  taken,  nor  shalbe  afore  his  retowrne  from 
hens  to  his  saidc  Master  and  after  conference  had  w/t/r  hym 
in  the  whiche  the  said  Castillon  promissethe  so  to  employe 
hym  self  that  there  shall  folowe  of  his  going  as  he  trusteth, 
many  good  effector,  and  moche  to  the  cowmoditie  both  of 
yo//r  highnes  and  his  Master,  Albeit  I  perccyve  by  his 
communication  that  he  locketh  not  to  reto//rne  to  be  resident 
here  but  that  somr  other  shalbe  sent  in  his  stede  Further 
wading  w«t^  hym,  he  hath  shewed  vnto  me  that  the  bishop 
of  Rome  wold  have  established  a  Legat  in  Frauncc  as  it  was 
wount  to  be  but  that  his  Master  hath  refused  it  and  woll 
in  no  maner  wise  consente  therto.  I  lyke  well  that  begywnyng 
vpon  occasion  of  the  same  we  cowmoned  of  your  grace  howe 
litel  ye  regarded  any  the  said  bishops  vniust  censures,  and 
that  I  trusted  other  princes  wold  regarde  them  the  like,  And 
yet  further  I  casted  in  his  wortto^  that  if  they  wold  regarde 
them  your  highnes  was  and  shuld  be  hable  both  to  dcfendc 
and  kepe  yowrself  vpright  and  offende  sore  such  as  wold 
offende  yo//r  ma/V\rtie  and  that  in  thesame  cacc  they  shuld 

1     c  •' 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  177 

not  fynde  your  grace  unfowrnished  of  all  things  expedient 
Wherupon  I  toke  occasion  to  bring  hym  vp  to  myn  armary 
and  have  shewed  vnto  hym  such  store  of  harneys  and  wepens 
as  I  have  the  whiche  he  semed  to  esteme  moche  and  I  tolde 
hym  that  there  were  other  particular  armaryes  of  the  lordVj 
and  gentilmen  of  this  Royaulme  more  then  the  nombre  of 
Twenty  aswell  or  better  furnyshcd  then  myn  was  wherat  he 
wound  red  and  sayd  that  he  thought  your  grace  the  prince 
best  furnished  thereof  in  Chrw/endom  We  cow/moned  of  the 
cafart  Cornibus  that  slaunderose  frere  He  said  that  your 
Maiesties  Ambassador  the  bishop  of  Hereford  hath  sued 
and  proposed  certayn  articles  against  hym,  the  copie  whereof 
he  hath  promessed  to  sende  vnto  me  :  And  further  that  the 
said  bishop  hath  benr  very  playn  and  Rownde  wtt/t  Messieurs 
of  the  counseill  there.  I  have  promessed  vnto  hym  that 
I  shuld  w/t/J  all  diligence  sende  to  knowe  your  graciouse 
pleasure  touching  his  audience  and  Incontinently  to  geve  vnto 
hym  knowlege  thereof  Therfore  I  beseche  most  humbly  your 
Ma/V\rtie  to  take  this  my  rude  letteres  and  preceding^-  in  good 
{part}  and  to  vouchesauf  to  aduertise  me  of  your  graciouse 
pleasure  vpon  thesame  and  all  other  things  being  assured 
that  in  thaccomplishement  of  the  same  and  all  other  things 
committed  to  my  charge  I  shall  employe  and  endevoir  meself 
most  ernestly  vfii/t  all  my  power  according  to  your  most 
abundaunt  benignite  towards  me  your  most  humble  arruaunt 
and  as  to  my  most  bounden  duetie  it  apparteyneth.  The 
saide  Castillon  is  moche  desyrouse  of  spede  and  If  it  \vere 
possible  to  have  your  fauorable  audience  tomorowe  he  wold 
fayne  see  that  your  Maiestes  most  noble  Joyell  my  lorde 
prince  grace.  Wherby  my  pover  advice  is  vnder  your 
graciouse  correction  .  that  (if  your  highnes  could  have  con- 
venie«t  leasure)  it  shuld  be  best  to  appoincte  it  tomorowe. 
Nevertheles  your  high  wisedonv  can  better  Juge  what  is  most 
expedient,  requyring  forgevenes  for  this  my  bold  audacite 
I  have  sent  vnto  your  Matestle  myn  other  letteres  \vtt/t  a  man 
that  is  lately  arryved  oute  of  Flaundres,  By  suche  things 
as  he  shall  declare  vnto  your  mastic  And  also  that  my  lord 
of  Southampton  your  graces  admyral  sheweth  to  me  that  he 
knoweth  by  a  ship  lately  arryved  oute  of  Spayne  that  there 
be  no  shippes  there  prepared  nor  aboutrj  to  be  prepared  for 
werre,  I  thinke  vnder  your  discretion  your  MazVjtie  shal  not 
nede  to  be  hote  nor  hasty  in  concluding  any  thing  w/'t/i  the 
Frenshe  ambassador;-,  seen  the  said  mans  declaraobn  and  my 
said  lorde  admyrall^r  declarac/on  that  there  is  no  apprest 
of  any  ships  in  Spayne  to  any  purpose  to  be  Regarded,  but 
your  prudence  passeth  my  capacite  wherfor;  I  remitte  me  to 

MESRIUAN.     »  N 


178  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

the  same  Yowr  highnes  srruaunt  Nicolas  Cratzcr  Astronomrr 
hath  brought  vnto  me  this  mornyng  a  boke  herin  enclosed 
of  the  solace  and  cowsolac/on  of  prince  the  whiche  oon 
Georgius  Spalatinus  somtyme  Scole  maistcr  to  the  Duk 
of  Saxon/  and  nowe  oon  of  the  chief  prrchowrs  desyred  hym 
to  deliver  vnto  yowr  Maurfe,  I  mislike  that  thambassadowr 
sayeth  he  shal  not  retowrne.  Thus  I  beseche  allmyghty  god 
to  sende  yowr  grace  vrii/i  pr0sp*rite  and  encreace  of  honowr, 
mery  and  long  lif.  From  london  this  Vth  of  February. 

Your  highnes  most  humble  scruaimt  &  subiect 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 
Add.    To  the  Icings  most  excellent  and  Noble  maiestc. 

Endd.  My  Lorde  Privie  scale  to  the  Kinges  Maj/rtc  of 
the  vtk  of  februarj-. 

289.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  171 ;   Cal.  xiv.  (i)  281.    Feb.  13  (1539). 

Desires  him  to  learn  the  Emperor's  final  decision  concerning  the  King's 
last  letter. 

After  my  right  herty  commendacj'ons  Forasmoche  as  the 
Kinges  highnes  after  tharryvall  of  Mr.  Blagg  whiche  was 
a  Saturdaye  last  writeth  vnto  you  his  graciouse  pleasure  mor; 
at  Large  I  surceace  at  this  present  to  declare  you  anything 
thereof  but  onely  adurrtise  you  of  the  receipt  of  Two  yowr 
\etteres  sent  to  me  at  dyverse  tymes  by  the  waye  of  Fraunce 
I  have  caused  Mr.  Tucke  to  delyver  lately  vnto  yo//r 
assignes  here  the  suw/me  of  v*.  li.  and  odd  as  I  doubte  not 
but  they  shal  aduirtise  you  thereof  Here  we  have  no  notable 
newes  nor  occurrence  but  doo  loke  dayly  to  have  som  of  you 
and  to  be  acertayned  of  Thempm>«rs  final  resolution  vpon 
the  poinct/j  cowteyned  in  his  graces  \ettercs  sent  to  you  by 
Nicolas  If  ye  have  had  as  yet  at  tharryvaill  hereof  no  awswcre 
I  praye  you  to  sollicitc  it  Instauntly  and  to  vse  all  spcdc 
in  geving  advertisement  thereof  and  also  of  themp*ro//rs 
answer*  to  his  highnes  lettercs  sent  you  by  this  bearer  the 
whiche  I  Require  you  to  despeche  hethir  again  wit//  som 
answer*  assort/  as  ye  maye.  Of  yowr  cuwmyng  ye  shal 
p/rceyve  the  kinges  graciouse  plaiswr*  by  his  owne  Iftteres. 
the  parsonage  that  shal  succede  you  is  not  yet  appoincted 
wherfor  I  can  geve  you  no  knowlege  thereof.  The  klnges 
Ma/me  hath  yowr  diligence  and  procedinges  right  acceptable. 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  179 

and  vsing  good  celerite  at  this  tyme  and  like  dexterite  ye  may 
be  assured  of  encreace  of  more  favour.  I  have  reserved  for 
you  the  house  of  the  Freres  of  Ayllesford  as  ye  desyred  it 
And  wolbe  gladd  in  all  other  things  to  employe  meself  to 
further  your  reasonable  desirs  Thus  Fare  ye  right  hertely 
well  From  london  the  xiijth  of  February. 

Your  louyng  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.     To  my  very  loving  Freend  Mr.  Wyat  knight  oon*» 
of    the  gentilmen   of    the    king^r   cha;«b^r   and   his 
ambassadowr  in  Spayne. 

Endd.     By  France  at  tolledo  the  XIXth  of  January. 


290.  CROMWELL  TO  (JOHN  AND  HENRY  RUSSELL). 

Library  of  William  Berington,  Esq.,  of  Little  Malvern  Court ;  not  in  Cal. 
Feb.  1 8  <i539>. 

Desires  that  the  bearer,  Richard  Salway,  be  permitted  to  enjoy  the  office 
of  Clerk  of  the  Peace  in  the  County  of  Worcester. 

I  commende  me  vnto  you.  And  whereas  I  am  enfourmed 
that  w;t//out  iuste  cause  or  grounde  you  do  restrayn  and  kepe 
this  berer  Richarde  Salwey  my  seruaunt  from  the  possession 
and  Vse  of  the  rowme  and  office  of  clerk  of  peax  in  the 
Countie  of  Worcester  notwithstanding  that  he  hath  compounded 
and  agreed  \vitk  you  for  the  same  I  require  you  that  furthwzt/* 
vppon  the  receipte  hereof  you  do  permitte  and  suffre  my 
saied  seruaunt  to  occupie  exercise  and  enioye  the  saied  office 
w*t//all  the  commodities  and  profits  therunto  belonging  by 
himself  or  his  sufficient  deputie  according  to  the  agrementer 
and  covenauntes  concluded  betwixt  you  and  him  for  the  same 
making  also  vnto  my  saied  seruaunt  delyvdry  of  all  suche 
records  remewbraunc^j  and  other  writings  as  do  remayru?  in 
your  handes  and  custodie  Wherby  he  maye  the  better  knowe 
the  scale  of  the  saied  office  So  as  this  berer  be  not  enforced 
and  compelled  to  seke  further  remedye  for  recowrye  of  his 
ryght  in  that  behalf.  Thus  fare  youe  well,  From  London  the 
xviijth  of  Februarie 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

N  2 


180  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

291.  CROMWELL  TO  WRIOTHESLEY. 

R.  O.  CaL  xiv.  (i)  365.    Feb.  25,  1539. 

The  King  marvels  at  Chapuys'  recall,  and  desires  Wriothesley  to  express 
his  feelings  to  the  Regent.  If  she  persists  in  sending  for  Chapuys, 
Wriothesley  and  Came  are  to  desire  leave  to  depart,  Stephen 
Vaughan  remaining  in  their  stead. 

Mr.  Wryothesley  after  my  right  herty  cowmendac/bns,  After 
the  adu/rtisment  of  the  receipt  of  your  Ittteres  directed  to  me 
of  the  date  of  xix  and  xxi  of  this  present,  And  of  yowr  k7/rres 
directed  to  the  Kinge  Maiestye  of  the  xxij*  of  the  same.  Ye 
shall  vnderstond  that  I  haue  shewed  the  hole  tenowr  and 
pwrport  therof  to  his  maiestye  Who  hathe  seen  and  prrvsed 
the  same.  Assurydly  it  is  not  litle  straunge  to  see  and  marke 
thair  procedinge  ther  and  the  Ingrate  fashon  they  vse  in  effecte 
(though  the  worde  and  Countenance  be  contrary)  towards 
his  majestye,  And  his  maiestye  moche  mrrvailleth  at  it,  And 
spmally  at  the  Revooking  of  monsttur  Chappuys  thewprrowrs 
Ambassadowr  from  hens,  Albeit  they  do  the  same  vnder 
Colowr  of  furtheraunce  of  his  grace  affaires  ther  committed  to 
yowr  charge.  Wherupon  his  highnes  by  thassent  of  his  hole 
Counsail  hathe  willed  me  w/'t/r  all  celerite  to  send  vnto  you 
these  pre^ntes  signifying  by  the  same  his  gracious  pleas^wr 
and  co;;/maundeme//t  vnto  you  is,  that  w/'t//  all  diligence  vpon 
the  receipt  hereof  ye  shall  procure  yowr  Accesse  to  the  said 
Regente  and  declare  vnto  her,  that  as  for  the  calling  of  the 
said  Chappuys  thither,  albeit  his  highnes  myndcth  not  to 
deteyn  hym,  whan  soeiur  he  shalbe  revocked  Yet  forasmoch 
as  at  all  tymes  heretofore  w/'t//out  any  i»terrupc/bn  it  hath  ben 
vsed  and  accustumed  that  ther  hath  ever  ben  Ambassadowrs 
mvtually  resident  bothe  w/t/r  and  from  his  maiestye  and  them- 
prrowr,  and  that  w/'t^out  casualtye  of  death  ther  hath  never 
the  contrary  be  seen,  but  afore  the  departure  of  thone  thother 
was  sent.  And  lightly  vpon  the  decesse  of  any  of  them 
an  other  was  furjh\v/'t//  committed  to  supplye  thothers  Rowme. 
And  ther  may  chaunce  many  occasions,  in  the  whiche  in  his 
absence  he  might  be  wanted  aswell  for  thempm>«rs  cowmodite 
as  for  his  graces,  his  maiesty  desyreth  &  requireth  her  nowe  to 
consider,  that  beside  his  presence,  that  is  nothing  necessary 
to  the  treating  of  that  manage  w/'t//  the  duchesse,  the  whiche 
mater  hath  been  but  litle  cowferred,  of  here  w/'tA  hym,  And 
the  long  absence  he  shuld  be  owt,  if  they  vse  no  francklyer 
ner  spedyer  dcspcche  of  thaffaires  then  they  haue  commonly 
accustumed  hitherto,  what  prnudice  it  might  be  to  the  common 
affaires  of  bothe  his  grace  and  themp^rowr,  yf  he  w/'t//out  the 
residence  of  an  other  in  his  sted  shuld  be  absent,  And  what 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  181 

the  world  might  thinke  therupon  and  cowiecte,  Assurydly  it 
shuld  not  synk  into  many  me«s  brayne,  but  his  absence  shuld 
be  a  token  in  maner  evident  of  the  dyminucion  &  decreace 
of  that  Ancien  fraternall  Amyte  bitwen  them,  which  opynyon 
shuld  litle  sound  to  their  honours  (having  his  highnes  Am- 
bassado[rs]  in  spayne  &  ther  also)  shuld  be  thought  in  the  same 
doing  Inconstant  in  frendshipp,  And  by  sundry  persons  shuld 
be  Judged  to  love  only  wher  advantage  may  be  goten  for  the 
accomplishing  of  his  py/rposes.  And  the  more  the  king^r 
maiesty  noteth  the  same  knowing  alredy  thexperience  therof 
vpon  the  departure  of  monsieur  de  Castillon  late  Ambassadowr 
here  for  the  frenche  king,  AJthough  ther  be  oon  alredy  ap- 
pointed to  succede  in  his  place,  yet  neu^rtheles  many  persons 
can  skant  and  \vtt/t  veray  grete  difficultye  be  persuaded,  but 
that  the  Frenche  king  Intendeth  not  to  be  constant  in  honour- 
able Amyte  and  allyaunce  as  he  ought  Although  his  highnes 
mistrusteth  not  but  he  wolbe  veray  glad,  and  is  moche  desyrous 
to  obs^rue  the  same  Inviolate.  And  that  her  grace  be  con- 
tented he  may  Remayn  here  vntyll  thaffaires  be  resolved  vpon 
And  furthwzt//  w/t/*out  tarying  for  his  Accesse  thither  vnto 
her,  whiche  being  he  weake  could  not  be  but  long,  she 
vvoll  frely  &  frankely  precede  to  the  resolucion  of  those  Ally- 
aunc^r  and  maters  opened  and  cowferred  on  ther  wzt//out  any 
further  protract  of  delaye,  As  his  maiestye  thinketh  by  certain 
persons  advice,  that  his  presence  is  demaunded  only  for  to 
delaye  the  mater  tyll  his  cowmyng  that  shuld  be  long  and 
for  weakenes  at  his  cowmyng  like  to  be  syk  weake  or  wery 
that  he  could  not  be  present  at  thexpediabn  therof,  whiche 
shuld  be  to  adde  delaye  vpon  delaye,  And  delayes  agayn.  Ye 
shall  also  say  vnto  her,  that  by  a  secrete  frende  of  yours  A  man 
that  may  knowe  suche  things,  ye  have  by  a  particuler  Wtere 
besidrj  and  w*t//out  his  graces  knowlaige  ben  adu^rtised,  that 
when  the  kinges  highnes  opened  the  mater  of  your  letteres 
touching  his  going  thither  oon  or  twoo  of  his  highnes  Counsail 
by  likelihode  more  Inclyned  to  an  other  part,  then  that  waye 
(As  no  nomberof  Counsaillowrs  can  bewzt//out  diu^rse  affections 
and  private)  did  asmoch  as  they  could  to  haue  brought  his 
maiestye  in  some  suspicion,  that  the  same  going  of  his,  was 
but  a  practise  to  w/'t^drawe  hym  by  craft  and  subtiltye,  And 
so  to  kepe  hym  ther  still,  And  pmrhaunce  to  vse  you,  and  other 
his  graces  Ambassadowrs  otherwise  then  right  and  honour 
shuld  require,  Whereunto  neurrtheles  his  maiestye  not  light 
to  conceve  suspicion  against  his  Ancien  frende  had  no  respect 
ner  regard,  but  did  byd  them  that  they  shuld  conceve  a  better 
opynyon  of  prince  and  king^r,  And  specially  of  thempero/^r 
whom  his  grace  knoweth  to  be  of  an  other  nature  &  better 


182  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

disposition  and  more  to  regarde  his  honowr  and  profit!  then 
to  Imagyn  and  consent  to  so  an  vnreasonable  shamefull  &  dis- 
honoi/rable l  pranque.  Yc  may  adde  therto  the  coldnes  on 
that  behalf  &  traynyng  long  of  the  matters  might  helpe  to 
cowfcrmc  the  said  Counsaillo//rj  advises,  against  his  maiestycs 
opynyon,  For  the  which  and  other  reasons  suche  as  yc  can 
devise  by  your  good  descrecion,  ye  shall  exhorte  her  to  for- 
beire  the  said  Ambassadors  sending  fore,  And  neuertheles 
so  to  precede,  as  his  maiestye  may  haue  cause  to  cowfcrme  his 
good  opynyon  of  them,  And  to  think  no  Ingratitude  on  their 
partfs.  And  in  case  ye  shalhauc  answer  of  her  that  she  woll 
in  no  wise  precede  to  thentreatye  of  thaffaire,  but  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  said  Ambassadowr,  And  that  she  shall  persist  stifly 
in  the  sending  for  hym,  Then  and  in  that  case,  his  maicstics 
gracious  pleaswre  &  cowmaundemewt  is  that  w/t//  the  same  her 
answer  &  dcclarac/on,  ye  shall  desire  to  hauc  Icaue,  and  take 
your  congy  of  her  ye  and  master  Kerne,  shewing  vnto  her  that 
seing  ye  haue  so  long  ben  ther,  And  that  his  ma/Vjte  thinketh 
the  tyme  long  of  yo//r  reto//me,  And  that  they  Intewde  further 
to  delaye  and  pnrtracte  the  affaires  as  it  may  appere,  his 
maiesty  willing  you  twoo  to  retowme,  hath  appointed  his  trusty 
semaunt  M*  Vaughan  to  remayn  and  abyde  ther  resident  vpon 
the  gouernawnce  of  the  Englishe  nvrchauntej  ther  And  neu^r- 
theles  euer  to  be  in  a  redynes  and  give  care  to  suchc  cow/- 
municac/ons  as  it  shall  pleas  her  to  haue  \v/t//  hym,  but  in  case 
the  Regente  woll  precede  wit//  you  wit/iout  the  Ambassadowr, 
and  be  content  to  omitt  his  co/wmyng,  then  ye  shall  further 
adu/rtise  the  k'mgts  mafVvrte  therof  and  cowtynue  ther  without 
your  leave  taking  at  the  tyme  prescribed  vntyll  such  tyme  as 
ye  shall  heare  further  from  his  maiestye,  And  so  having  takyn 
your  leave,  and  that  ye  shall  perceive  yourself  out  of  all  thair 
daungers,  his  highnes  shall  give  leave  vnto  the  said  Ambassa- 
dour,  Wherfore  keping  neuertheles  the  same  secrete  to  your- 
self^ assonc  as  ye  shalbc  in  sure  place  cowmyng,  ye  shall  give 
his  grace  aduertisment  therof,  to  thentent  the  said  Chappuys 
may  be  sufircd  to  depart.  I  pray  you  that  for  the  furnishe- 
ment  of  Mr  Vaughan  and  Mr  Kerne,  ye  shall  take  ther  vpon 
yowr  Credict  oon  hu//dcrd  pounder,  and  that  ye  deliuer  the 
same  vnto  them,  that  is  to  say  to  echc  of  them  LH  therof  vpon 
a  reconnyng  and  in  prest  for  their  dicttes.  Mr  Wryothesley 
nowe  in  this  mater,  &  other  notable  occurrewtej  that  may 
cowme  to  your  knowlaige  vse  no  lesse  dexterite  then  yc  haue 
done^And  more  of  it  can  be.  The  Ittttrc  syphred  from 
Mr.  Wyat  being  discifred  cowteyneth  nothing  in  effect  but 
coldenes  in  that  behalf  sithcns  the  date  of  the  same,  ther  shuld 

1  f.  0.  practik 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  183 

be  twoo  Curriowrs  from  hens  arrived  vnto  hym,  which  were 
not  yet  arrived  at  that  tyme.  loke  what  money  ye  lak,  your 
credict  can  not  faile  to  be  repayd  here.  I  wrote  on  satursday 
vnto  you  of  Joyes  cuwmyng  &  submission,  and  howe  he  is 
nowe  in  sure  keping.  This  berer  my  loving  servaunt  Mr 
Knight  hath  brought  Leyton.  I  wold  adurrtise  you  afterward 
at  length  of  his  sayings  and  excuses.  In  the  meane  tyme 
doubt  ye  not  but  your  preceding**.?  be  veray  well  taken  and 
accepted,  and  the  Icings  highnes  most  favoz/rable  vnto  you. 
Thus  fare  ye  right  hertely  well.  From  London  the  xxvth  day 
of  February. 

Endd.  Anno  xxx°  25  February   1538.     The  mynute   of 
a  \etfere  vnto  Mr  Wryothesley 

292.   (CROMWELL)  TO  <LORD  LISLE). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  307.    (Feb.  1539.) 

Desires  him  to  do  nothing  to  encourage  the  King's  enemies  or  to  frighten 
his  subjects,  though  he  is  to  take  care  to  be  prepared  to  resist  attack. 

......  the  king^r  highnes  hathe  informacion  that  ye  and 

...  of  his  counsaile  there  do  go  about  certen  things  where 
in  I  assure  your  Lordeship  ye  do  not  well  in  causing  the 
people  to  bring  in  their  goodcs  and  other  things  which 
nedeth  not,  Wherefore  this  my  secret  intymacion  and 
aduyse  shalbe  to  adurrtise  you  that  hauyng  assured  and 
vigilant  eye  and  awayte  to  the  sure  defence  and  fortificacion 
of  the  king^j  towne  and  marcheis  there  ye  do  nothing  to  the 
enbolding  [of]  the  kingw  enemyes,  or  putting  in  Fere  the 
subjects  more  [than]  nedeth,  prayeng  your  lordeship 


to  loke  substauncyally  vnto  it  ...  v]ndoubtedlie  it  is 
thought  to  the  king^j  highnes  and  his  [cojunsaile  here  that 
your  practises  and  doings  in  it  be  veray  ill  [an]d  not  well 
ne  circumspectlie  considered. 

Endd.     Tuching  the  precept  of  bothe  palles 

293.  (CROMWELL)  TO  BONNER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  409.    Mar.  i,  1539. 

The  King  has  ordered  the  arrest  of  all  ships  in  English  ports,  in  re- 
taliation for  the  detention  of  vessels  at  Antwerp.  Desires  him  to 
request  Francis  to  take  it  in  good  part  if  any  French  ships  are 
among  them. 

Copie  of  the  \etterts  to  my  lord  of  Hereford  ^rimo  Martii 
Anno  l&cgni  Regis  Henrici  viij,  xxx° 

My  "Lord  afar  most  herty  and  affectuouse  co;«me«daabns 
I   do  at  this  tyme  by  the  k'mgcs  gracious  commandment 


184  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

adurrtise  you  that  bcsid«  the  knowlege  of  suchc  things  as 
ye  shal  have  by  my  l*//nres  sent  lately  vnto  you  by  yowr 
sfruaunt  Gowgh  we  have  aducrtiscmewt  that  not  only  there 
be  sundry  pyrattrj  in  the  see  cowmen  out  of  the  parifs  of 
Holand  and  Zeland  to  thintcnt  to  robbe  the  \tings  subiectrj 
but  also  th/rt  on  Ashcwenesday  last  all  manrr  ships  of  what 
nation  socurr  they  be,  noon  excepted,  were  by  pr0clamac/on. 
made  on  Thempm>«rs  behalf  in  Antwerp  and  elleswhere 
arrested  tyll  Blaster  and  further  tyll  they  knowe  Thempmwrs 
pleasure  wherupon  as  yet  our  ambassidowr  there  can  not 
knowe  for  any  sute  whether  o//r  ships  be  comprehended 
therin  or  noo  But  for  all  surities  the  kings  ma/rtfe  hath 
caused  for  the  same  and  other  consyderacibws  all  shippcs 
and  crayers  thorough  this  hole  Real  me  to  be  arrested  and 
of  all  nations  whatsoeurr  they  be  so  that  without  his  grao* 
special  leave  they  shal  have  no  licence  to  departe  nor  any 
passage  shalbc  suffred  to  go  from  hens  to  any  part  beyond 
the  see  w*V/oute  his  grac^r  licence  tyll  we  shall  knowe  further. 
In  flaunders  the  cow/mon  Rumowr  is  that  they  be  confederat 
iij  heddes  togeder  Thempmv/r  the  frenshe  King  and  that 
bisru^  of  Ronv  to  convirte  their  werres  agenst  vs  we  trust 
theffect  shal  prove  otherwise  But  forasmoch  as  the  liklyhode 

be the  best  it  is  good  to  tak  hyde  and  provide  in 

tyme we  shal  do  sufficiently  w/t//  the  grace  of  god 

Store  is  no  sore  Wherfor  his  gracious  pleasure  and  cow- 
mand/nint  is  that  forasmoch  as  we  hope  chiefly  and 
sper/ally  the  Frensh  King  welbe  of  other  disposition  then  so 
that  asson/  as  there  shalbc  any  rumowr  there  yea  or  a  litel 
before  ye  shal  reporte  vnto  hym  and  desire  him  that  he 
woll  for  the  good  love  he  beareth  vnto  the  Vinges  ma**rte 
his  brother  tak*  in  good  part  and  not  displeasantly  If 
his  highnes  hath  amongrj  other  arrested  the  ships  of  his 
Realm  and  dominions  For  to  pnuide  by  thesame  agenst 
such  pyracies  and  other  practises,  that  by  raport  his  grace 
thinketh  and  is  adurrtised  be  proposed  agenst  his  highnes 
And  that  he  may  be  assured  that  lik  as  they  be  good  brethern 
and  frcendfs  so  his  subiectrj  shal  be  honestly  entreated  there- 
after w/t//  such  good  wordrr  and  pacificable  as  ye  can  vse  in 
that  behalf  Being  not  ovcrhasty  to  declare  any  such  thing 
afore  ye  be  asked  for  it  or  the  mater  bruted  of  Ye  shal 
p^rceyve  by  my  last  \ftftres  that  we  lok  to  have  sonv  know- 
lege  of  the  Inclinacibn  of  those  paries  by  tharryvaill  of 
MonstVwr  de  castillon  whose  departure  hens  (and  if  he  be 
true)  we  do  not  mrrveille  at.  Yowr  brefe  and  spedy  adurrtise- 
mrwt  therof  shal  be  moch  acceptable  Wherfor  I  require  you 
in  his  ma;>jties  name  to  vse  celcrite  and  well  to  mcrk  thclTcct 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  185 

of  my  \cfferes  vnto  you  therupon  And  also  whither  ye  shal 
think  the  frensh  king  wold  be  our  enemy  If  thempm>wr  wold 
declare  himself  agenst  vs  Themperow  hath  both  afon?  the 
peace  \vtt&  frawce  ben  very  warme  and  hot  in  offres  After- 
ward good  wordes  coldnes  after.  Afterward  I  can  not  tel 
what  I  shuld  saye  the  wordes  be  nor  hot  nor  cold.  And  the 
dedes  as  ye  pmreyve  or  nothing,  or  like  to  be  evill  as  tharrest 
of  the  ships  sheweth  as  is  afore  writen  I  doubt  not  but  ye 
shal  hear  therof  in  France  at  the  lest  the  Rumour  woll  Ru«ne 
therupon.  I  praye  you  to  spare  no  adu^rtisement  as  in  dede 
ye  do  ew/ploye  all  diligence  as  his  maieste  pwrceyveth  by 
your  \ctteres  of  the  xxiiijth  of  the  last  past  whom  his  grace 
taketh  in  very  good  part.  And  the  more  if  ye  shal  vse 
vttermost  diligence  in  giving  aducrtisement  of  thies  and  other 
writen  vnto  you  by  Gowgh  your  scruant  Ye  shal  saye  also 
to  the  Yrenc/i  King  that  from  tyme  to  tyme  and  by  litel  and 
litel  his  ships  shal  be  deliurred  and  noe  detriment  nor 
daw/mage  done  vnto  them.  I  doubt  not  but  your  discrec/on 
shal  spye  a  good  occasion  tyme  and  oportunite  to  precede 
herein  w/tA  all  discretion  and  sobrenes  as  the  case  requireth 
Thus  Far  ye  right  hertely  well  From  London  the  first  of 
marchc  I  praye  you  to  addulce  and  mitigate  the  things  and 
leste  Irritat  them  t/iat  ye  can. 

Endd.     To  the  bishop  of  Hereford?  primo  marcil 

294.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Karl.  MSS.  282,  f.  187 ;   Cal.  xiv.  (i)  488.    Mar.  10  (1539). 

News  from  the  Netherlands.    Wyatt  is  to  seek  to  discover  the  Emperor's 
intentions,  and  his  relations  with  Francis  and  the  Pope.  Cf.  Letter  291. 

Mr.  Wyat  after  my  right  afiecluouse  commendations.  I  have 
receyved  not  onely  your  \ctterzs  sent  hither  by  Nicolas  the 
Currour  and  by  your  seruaunt  Rudston  but  also  all  other 
conteyned  in  your  cataloge  at  the  later  ende  of  my  Wteres 
sent  by  the  said  Nicolas.  Ye  may  p^rceyve  by  the  kinges 
\etteres  to  you  addressed  at  this  tyme,  howe  thankefully  his 
grace  accepteth  your  good  diligence  and  doyngtt  there  And 
also  thoccurrewc^j  and  bruyies  which  have  ben  spredd  abrode 
merveillouse  strange  the  suspic/bn  and  coniecturc  of  those 
shippes  which  be  sent  owt  of  flawdrrs  to  Spayne  for  what 
cause  no  man  can  well  tell  here  And  tharrest  of  ships  in 
Flaundres  Albeit  sithens  the  kingrj  \etteres  signed  I  have 
receyved  adu^rtisemewt  from  Mr.  Wryothesley  that  as 
Wenesdaye  last  the  Quene  Regen  and  the  counscill  there 
sent  hym  iiij  waraunter  for  the  delyverey  of  the  same  shippes. 
but  as  yet  they  be  not  arryved.  We  can  not  satisfie  our 


186  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

myndes  whereof  did  precede  all  those  vnkynd  parifs  and 
such  strawgenes  as  sodewly  and  vpon  no  marur  ground  hath 
ben  sithens  lent  vsed  to  the  said  Mr.  Wryothesley.  he  had 
good  chere  and  entretcnemewt  a  litel  afor  that  ii  curro//rs 
shuld  arryve  thither  from  Spayn  whither  Themrvrowr  wrote 
any  suche  thinges  to  be  doon  \ve  cannot  tell  but  it  is  like  he 
did.  Therfor  I  require  you  well  and  diligently  by  all  marwr 
meancs  to  you  possible  to  seke  and  enserchc  to  knowe  the 
botom  of  their  hertrj  ther*  what  they  do  Intende  and  practise 
what  Intelligence  they  have  w/t//  the  Frenshemen,  and  bishop 
of  Rome.  And  if  ye  can  prrceyve  any  notable  knowlege 
to  geve  adurrtissew^T*/  thereof  -wilA  thanswerr  that  ye  shal 
have  to  theffect  of  the  kingly  Ittttres  nowe  vnto  you.  I  shal 
helpe  to  despeche  Mr.  Tate  and  to  sende  hym  thitherward 
assonr  and  w/t//  as  good  diligence  as  I  can,  to  thintent  ye 
may  retowrne  hither  according  to  your  desyre  I  trust  to  be 
so  ernest  to  sett  furth  yowr  good  smiice  that  after  your 
Retowme  w/t//in  a  shorte  space  ye  shal  be  no  more  nedy  nor 
have  cause  to  think  your  self  hyndred.  Thus  Fare  ye  right 
hertely  well  From  london  this  Xth  of  March. 

Yowr  assuryd  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  loving  Freend  Sir  Thomas  Wyat 
Knight  ooiv  of  the  gentilmen  of  the  Kingtt  Chambre  and  his 
grao-j  Ambassadowr  w/t//  Themp/rowr 

Endd.  From  my  lorde  prevy  seall  by  NidWas  the  couriowr 
to  tolled o  the  xtb  of  Marche 

295.  CROMWELL  TO  CHRISTOPHER  MONT  AND  THOMAS 

PAYNELL. 

B.  M.Vit.  B.  xxi,f.  145  ;   Cal.  xiv.  (i)  490.     Mar.  10  (1539). 

Instructions  for  the  negotiations  with  Cleves.  Mont  and  Paynell  are  to 
represent  to  the  Duke  the  enmity  of  the  Emperor.  Desires  them 
to  discover  whether  munitions  of  war  can  be  furnished  to  Henry  at 
short  notice. 

After  my  right  herty  cowmendac/ons,  By  ....  the  xviii  and 

xix  of  February  addressed  vnto as  yet  yc  haue  no 

answer  to   the  principal the  charge  and  cow/mission 

given  vnto  you  at  y saving  in  orv  poynt  opened  on 

my  behalf  vnto  B vicechaunccler  and  late  oratowr 

here  for  the  Duke  of  S touching  certain  affinities  that 

the  said  Duke,  by  the  r of  the  said  Burgartus,  wol  be 

glad  therof,  And  employe  ....  self  to  thuttermost  to  bring 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  187 

them  to  good  effecte,  wherof ....  and  of  all  suche  adwrtis- 
menter  as  ye  give  in  your  letteres,  I  h[ave]  adu^rtised  the 
k'mges  Maiestye,  who  accepteth  and  taketh  your  diligence 
therin  thankfully,  As  preceding  of  good  a[nd]  true  hertrj,  And 
for  my  part  I  give  vnto  you  right  affectuous  thanks  for  the 
same  purposing  to  remembre  them  accordingly,  Albeit  as  for 
the  cowmon  Rumowrs  of  warr,  we  knewe  no  lesse  then  ye 
wrote,  And  at  all  chauncr^  be  they  sodeyn  or  slowe  all  things 
be  pmiided  here  therafter,  And  perceiving  by  the  preceding 
of  thaffayres  in  Maunders  after  long  protraction  of  tyme  thair 
disposicion  to  wax  euery  day  colder  and  colder,  Insomoche, 
that  wheras  they  wold  make  no  playn  refusall,  yet  they  make 
suche  answers  as  importe  I;«possybilite,  as  the  Course  of  the 
world  is  or  infinite  delayes  that  is  to  say,  in  effecte,  that  for 
the  duchesse  part,  the  mater  cannot  be  concluded  w*t//out 
the  Bishop  of  Romes  despensacion  for  nerenes  of  blod,  And 
that  the  despensacion  to  be  had  in  this  Realme  as  they 
shuld  not  be  sufficient,  And  if  we  can  evacuate  that  poynt,  and 
woll  fall  to  reasonable  condicions,  then  they  wolbe  contented 
to  co«clude,  The  whiche  answer,  like  as  we  take  for  Illusory, 
and  as  it  were  playn  negative,  So  having  no  cause  any  further 
to  trust  in  thair  \vordes,  but  otherwise  to  pr0vyde  ellmvher, 
the  kinges  maiestye  therfore  hathe  at  this  tyme  appointed  his 
trusty  and  welbeloued  counsaillo//rs  Edward  Kerne,  And 
nicholas  Owton  doctour  of  lawe,  and  his  trusty  scruannt 

Richard  byrd his  grac^r  chamber,  to  be  his  oratowrs, 

and  furthw/t// sorte  vnto  the  Duke  of  Cleves  for 

the  causes  I  did  [gi]ve  you  instruction  of  at  yonr  departure, 
and  sp*rially  cowcernyng  the  mariage  of  his  highnes,  leaving 
thother  to  be  conferred  of  and  vpon  overture  or  requisicion 
to  be  made  on  thair  behalf,  Wherfore  his  gracious  pleasw^  is, 
that  incontinent  vpon  the  receipt  hereof  whither  ye  haue  any 
answer  of  the  said  Duke  therupon  or  noo,  ye  shall  by  yo//r 
discrecion  i;«mediatly  by  yourself,  or  by  the  meanes  of 
Burgartus  assey  to  haue  answer  and  assurance  of  the  Dukes 
own  mouthe,  yf  ye  can  of  his  good  disposicion  therunto,  And 
not  only  to  signifye  vnto  hym  howe  his  maiestye  hath  sent 
his  said  oratowr  to  the  Duke  of  Cleves,  but  also  to  require 
hym  of  his  good  towardenes  and  affection  wit/t  exhortacions 
to  the  said  Duke  of  Cleves  for  as  moch  as  coHorneth  the 
king^r  own  person  And  by  your  \ctteres  from  tyme  to  tyme  to 
adu<?rtise  his  graces  said  oratowrs  of  the  same,  and  helpe  them 
wii/t  your  best  counsail  to  the  avauncemewt  of  thair  pro- 
ceding^j,  and  'that  ye  shall  conferre  mvtually  oon  w*t/* 
an  other,  by  your  \etterts  surely  to  be  conveyed  of  all  the 
occurrawtrj  co«ornyng  the  same,  forseing  alwaies  that  your 


LETTERS  OF  [1539 

on  bothe  sldfs  be  cowmitted  to  sure  and  true 
messengers  to  them  from  you,  and  from  them  to  you,  and 
as  for  \ettsres  to  his  highnes,  yf  ye  can  fynd  non  other  waye 
to  haue  them  surely  conveyed,  then  ye  shall  send  them  to 
hamburgh  and  so  cause  them  to  be  sent  by  see,  for  whiche 
entent  ther  is  also  taken  som  order  witA  som  of  the 
hamburghes  for  conveyance  of  them,  wherof  ye  shalbe 
shortely  adwrtised,  by  Mr.  Barnes  sent  into  those  Cuntreys, 
Furthermore  ye  shall  declare  vnto  the  Duke  that  the  King« 
Maiestye  is  desyrous  and  fervent  to  knowe  theflect  of  thanswcr 
of  yo//r  Instructions,  forsomoch  as  of  late  vpon  the  arrivall 

of  that  re Cardinall  Pole  into  Spayne  themrvr 

. .  .  self  offended  and  of  no  good  affection maiestye 

for  thair  sak*\r,  as  by  the  sequel  you may  bothe 

coniecte :  for  wheras  Mr.  Wyat  the  ki[nges]  ambassad<  wr  ther 

hering   tell   of   the  cowmyng    of  the Pole   Cardinal 

towards    themperowr,   at   the  kingw  comm required 

hym,  that  he  shuld  in  no  wise  admitt  the  sa[id]  rebell  into 
his  dominions  ner  geve  accesse  or  audien[ce]  to  hym,  his 
answer  was  not  only,  that  he  being  s[ent]  vnto  hym  by  the 
Bishop  of  Rome,  although  he  shuld  be  his  own  traytowr,  yet 
he  could  not  refuse  hym  audience,  but  also  being  farder 
pressed  by  the  said  Mr.  Wyat  to  do  according  to  the  treatyes 
the  same  notwzt//sta«ding,  he  made  a  sharpe  answer  therunto, 
wit//  a  token  of  grete  vehement  grudge  and  indignacion,  that 
seyng  his  highnes  had  given  audience  to  sundry  oratowrs  sent 
vnto  hym  by  the  said  Duke  and  Landisgravc,  his  Rebell^ 
vassales  and  ewnemyes  of  the  Catholike  Church  of  Christen- 
dom, And  also  received  \efferes  and  oratowrs  from  the  Duke 
of  Holtz  vsurpatowr  of  the  kingdom  of  Dewmrrke  by  whose 
meanes  his  brother  in  lawe  king  christierne  is  kept  tyrawnykly 
in  prison,  he  could  haue  no  lesse  libertye  to  give  to  the 
said  Rebell  audience,  then  the  king«  highnes  had  to  receive 
his  oratowrs  sent  vnto  hym  by  those  vsurpatoi/rs  and  Rebellrj 
aforenamed,  to  the  whiche  though  the  said  Ambassadowr 
made  a  full,  Just,  and  discrete  answer,  yet  notwithstanding 
we  may  well  perceive  by  his  word«  howe  depe  inwarde 
grudge  and  hatred  is  hyd  in  his  hert  towards  them  the 
kingrj  grace,  and  othn-  that  professe  the  gospcll  The  whiche 
the  king? s  highnes  hath  thought  not  to  cowceyle  from  them : 

but  to  signifye,  to  thentent estye,  and  they  may  pr0- 

vyde  and   stand   vpon gardrr,  for  thair  defense,  in 

cace  his  enterprises  by  any  occasyon  shuld  be  extended  so 
farre  as  to  attempt  anything  against  vs  praying  them  to 
adurrtise  his  maiestye  wit//  diligence,  what  they  woll  do  for 
his  grace,  in  cace  he  be  invaded  for  cause  of  the  faith  or 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  189 

withdrawing  from  the  bishop  of  Rome ;  and  what  contry- 
bucion  and  ayde  they  wold  for  a  reciprajue  aske,  wherupon 
after  adurrtisme//t  therof,  yf  it  shall  pleas  them  to  send  thair 
oratowrs  hither  to  treate  therupon  they  may  be  assurid  his 
highnes  shall  shortely  declare  his  certain  resolucion  vpon  the 
same  so  grounded  and  wayed,  as  it  may  be  to  the  cowmon 
wealth  and  suretye  of  his  grace,  the  said  duke  and  landis- 
grave,  praying  you,  that  of  thair  answers  vpon  all  these,  his 
highnes  woll,  ye  give  aducrtismentes  and  ye  shall  receive 
such  answer  wzt/:  celerite  as  shalbe  frendly,  and  to  the 
hono#r  of  bothe  parties  or  e\\cs  yf  they  do  send  any 
ambassadowrs,  that  ye  shall  retowrne  -with  them,  or  ell^y 
though  they  woll  not  send,  that  ye  shall  neu^rtheles  retowrne 
as  ye  shall  thinke  expedient  vsing  celerite  of  yo;/r  retowrne 
as  sone  as  your  affaires  shalbe  sped  or  have  awswer  And 
further  forasmoch  as  store  is  no  sore,  And  that  wisdom  wold 
that  we  shuld  be  in  a  redines  for  to  wzt^stand  all  chaunovr, 
ye  shall  deliurr  my  lr/teres  to  Sir  Bernmie  de  Mella  knight, 
the  kmgcs  trusty  frend  to  pr<?vyde  for  the  kingf s  store  ther 
the  nomber  of  cc.  bu;«bardrj  for  grete  gonnes  and  ordenawnce 
expert  in  the  same,  to  be  sent  hither  furthwzt^,  And  wz't//  all 
diligence,  and  the  nomber  of  M.  or  xv.c  hackbushers  excellent 
and  expert  in  that  feate,  to  be  sent  afterward  as  betwen^  this 
and  receipt  of  yowr  \etteres  it  shal  be  appointed  at  the  kingt'j 

cost reasonable   sold   and   wagrj,  to  be  sent 

hider,  and  afterward  reto#rned  into  those the  whiche 

we  shall  cause  for  his  sake,  to  be  s[o] enterteyned 

here,  as  they  shal  haue  good  caus[e]  ....  s^rue  vs  well  and 
to  be  contented,  For  thair  conveyance]  and  transport  hither 
his  grace  hath  addressed  .  .  .  this  tyme  vnto  the  cite  of 
Lubeck  his  \etfercs  to  ca[use]  money  to  be  avaunced  vnto 
them,  And  the  same  to  be  transported  hither  at  the  king^r 
cost,  the  money  therof  to  be  deducted  vpon  the  v.ml  merkes, 
they  be  bounden  to  pay  vnto  his  highnes,  And  in  cace  they 
shuld  delaye  so  to  do,  then  vpon  adurrtisement  therof  to  be 
geven  they  shalbe  otherwise  pr^vyded  at  Hamburgh  or  elkr- 
wher  as  shal  be  thought  convenient. 

And  chifely  amongtt  othrr  things  to  be  ernestly  done  his 
grace  woll  that  ye  shall  inculcate  and  prrsuade  vnto  the  said 
duke  and  landisgrave  the  moment  &  Iw/portawce  of  that 
grudge,  which  thewpmwr  doth  beire,  for  the  bishop  of 
Romes  pleaswr*?  against  them  and  otlvr  of  the  avangelik 
sorte,  which  they  may  nowe  easely  perceive,  by  that  he 
worketh  and  goeth  aboute,  praying  them  further  on  his 
gracrj  behalf  that  they  do  wisely  forsee,  that  nowe  at  this 
diett  and  counsail  they  be  not  so  blynded  vrit/t  faire  wordes 


190  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

and  subtiltye  pranises  made  to  them  on  that  partye,  as 
hereaft/T  they  may  prrcace  take  hurt  and  displeasure 
therbye,  Syns  the  L*//<re  was  wryten  hitherto  It  hathe  been 

thought  notwithstanding  anything  wryten  herebefore 

. .  on  shalbe  made  vnto  the  said  barnrrd  de  mella,  to  knowe 

er  he  could  \v/'t/i  a  shorte  warnyng,  furnishe  to  the 

kingtt  [hi]ghnes  twoo  hundred  Gonnrrs  or  Canonnyers 
shotrrs  of  grete  peces  and  a  thowsand  or  xv*  hakebushes 
yf  nede  shuld  require,  that  the  kingrj  highnes  shuld  occupye 
them,  And  vpon  warnyng  by  his  grace  to  hym  geven,  howe 
sone  he  shall  thinke  he  might  prouyde  them,  and  yf  he 
cannot  furnishe  the  hole,  howe  many  he  thinketh  he  may 
pr0vyde,  After  adurrtismewt  wherof,  then  yf  it  shalbe  so 
thought  convenient,  to  the  k'mgcs  maiestye,  ther  shalbe  made 
provision,  and  order  taken  at  hamburgh  or  elkrwher  for 
thair  sold  and  wagtt,  and  therwit//  the  payment  for  thair 
transport  and  conveyance  hith/r,  yf  nede  shall  require, 
Thus  heretely  fare  you  well,  From  London  the  Xth  day  of 
M^rche 

Your  louyng  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Endd.  To  my  louing  freind  Cristofer  Mont  and  Thomas 
Paynell 

296.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Galba  B.  x,  f.  38  ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  504.    Mar.  u  (1539). 

Reports  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  Wriothesley,  in  which  the  Queen 
Regent  desires  that  the  ambassador  should  remain  in  the  Nether- 
lands till  she  heard  from  England.  Wriothesley  finally  consented  to 
tarry,  as  she  was  so  urgent. 

My  bounden  duetie  most  humbly  remembred  to  your  right 
excellent  M[aiestie].  Please  yowr  Highnes  to  be  [adverjtised 
that  this  present  mornyng  I  have  r[eceived]  lettercs  from 
Mr.  Wryothesley,  your  grac^r  Ambassade//r  in  Flaundres 
dated  [the]  ixlb  of  this  present  conteyning  a  long  discours 
of  his  accesse  to  the  Quene,  and  asking  of  his  leave  to  reto//rne 
to  yo//r  Ma/rjtie.  The  which  \ettercs  bicausc  [they]  be  long 
and  diffuse  I  have  thought  not  to  trouble  yowr  grace  w/'t//  the 
reading  of  them  but  in  fewe  \vordes  to  declare  the  substaunce 
thereof  w[hich]  is  that  the  Quenc  often  tymes  desyreth  and 
prayed,  Instanted,  yea  and  herself  and  her  counseill  entreated 
yo//r  Highnesses  said  Ambassador  to  [tarry]  there  tyll  she 
shuld  have  answer  from  England  wher  she  had  alredy  [sent] 
a  poste  and  loked  dayly  for  his  commyng.  Whercunto  the 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  191 

said  Mr.  Wryoth[esley]  answered  that  he  was  but  your 
g[races  servant  a~|nd  that  he  had  co;//ma«demen[t]  absolut 
from  your  maitstie  to  retourne  [home  which]  no  maner 
of  their  prayers  [or]  Instaunt  desire  could  excuse  him 
of.  Instantly  agayn  desiring  them  th[at]  he  might  ful- 
fylle  the  same.  Wherto  she  said  that  his  demore  shuld 
p*r[case]  do  more  good  to  thentretenement  and  encrease  of 
thamytie  bitwen  your  gr[ace]  and  themprrowr,  then  he 
thought  and  that  he  shold  have  no  cause  to  repenft].  Crete 
Instaunce  was  made  on  both  parties  \vi\Jt  discowrs  of  assur- 
aunce  of  thamytie  and  obs^ruacion  of  the  treaties  and  allyances : 
but  Mr.  Wryothes[ley]  in  conclusion  wold  never  agree  to  their 
petition  but  fulfille  your  cow/ma«[dement]  Onles  they  shuld 
stoppe  hym  or  cowmaunde  hym  the  contrary  Wherunto  the 
Quene  after  sundry  \vordes  of  prayowr  and  requisition  said 
Well  q[uoth  she]  take  my  prayer  for  a  cowmawdemewt  And 
I  woll  write  to  the  king  your  [Maister]  that  ye  did  so  Agayn 
she  said  I  praye  you  take  this  frendely  and  re[pute]  it,  as  it 
were  a  freendely  co;«ma#deme«t  Thempmwrs  ambassadewr 
ojtoth  she  taryeth  agenst  my  cowmaundemewt  in  England  at 
your  Maisfcrs  Instance  An[d  I]  am  not  Angry  he  so  doth 
at  his  Instance  to  gratifie  him.  So  vpon  this[e]  discourses 
and  co/«ma«deme«t  he  agreed  to  tarye  She  said  it  was  for 
non*  [other]  but  that  on*  frende  myghtcowmaunde  the  srruaunt 
of  another.  Wherupon  your  said  ambassade//r  requireth  your 
Ma*>.rte  most  humbly,  to  pardon  [him]. 

Of  newes  and  occurrence  he  hath  writen  in  his  said  letteres. 
he  hath  hear[de]  but  onely  of  marchaunter  that  Themperour 
hath  taken  trewes  w*'t//  the  Turk[e]  for  xiiij  yeres.  He  hath 
\etterea  from  Venece  that  the  Veneciens  as  it  [is]  thought  woll 
shortely  make  an  ende  w*t//  the  Turke  If  it  be  not  ma[de] 
secretly.  He  hath  hearde  that  the  king  of  Dewmarch  hath 
stopped  [his]  porter  and  maketh  priuision  for  defense  And 
that  of  truth  the  landg[rave]  of  Hesse  doth  levye  men  for  the 
werr.  This  is  theffect  of  those  [long]  and  diffuse  k/teres 
I  have  receyved.  Mr.  Sydney  hath  ben  with  me  [this]  mornyng 
to  whom  I  have  declared  your  most  graciouse  favour  and 
protection]  and  byden  hym  to  reasorte  vnto  yowr  maz£rte  to 
knowe  your  further  [commands].  It  shalbc  good  your  high- 
nes  pleaswr*  be  declared  vnto  hym  whether  he  [shall]  wayte 
vpon  the  same  in  Kent  this  voyage  and  jowrney  or  noo  This 
be[rer  my]  nephiew  shal  supplye  the  rest  of  my  letters  by 
mouth.  And  so  I  befseche]  yowr  ma^-rtie  to  take  thies  my 
\cttcrcs  in  good  partc  and  to  cow/maunde  vnto  [me  your]  most 
humble  smiflwnt  and  beddesman  that  shalbc  yowr  pleasure  to 
be  fulfilled]  accordingly.  Almyghty  god  sende  your  ma&rtie 


LETTERS  OF  [1539 

all  your  most  noble  hcrtrr  [desires].     From  London  this  xijtb 
of  Marche. 

Yowr  Highnes  most  humble  Subiecte 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
297.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.Titus  B.  i,  f.  269;   Cal.  xiv.  (i)  516.    Mar.  14  (1539). 

Reports  negotiations  for  the  exchange  of  Wriothesley  and  Chapuys. 
Information  concerning  the  discovery  of  a  nest  of  traitors  in  the  hold 
of  a  French  ship  blown  ashore  at  South  Shields.  News  from  Cleves. 

My  most  bounden  duetie  to  your  most  excellent  maieste 
w/'t//  all  honowr  and  Reverence  right  humbly  offred  Please  it 
thesame  to  be  aduertised  that  I  have  receyved  such  \fttcrcs 
as  were  directed  to  me  both  from  your  graces  oratowrs  the 
bishop  of  Rome  and  Mr.  Wryothesley  the  whiche  I  have 
diligently  Readen  and  jvrvsed  And  not  onely  according  to 
yo;/r  graciouse  pleas///r  Directed  my  \etteres  to  the  bishop 
of  Hereforde,  conteyning  in  effect  the  thre  poinctr^  signified 
vnto  me  by  Mr.  Sadleyers  \etteres  on  your  gncfs  behaulf. 
I  thought  better  to  despech^  them  by  my  private  \etteres. 
then  to  put  your  highnes  to  the  payne  to  have  writen  and 
troubled  yowr  self  w/t//  thesame.  To  Mr.  Wryothesley  I  had 
wr/ten  afore  that  he  shuld  accelerate  his  retowrne  wit/t  all 
spedy  diligence  so  that  he  myght  be  assone  retourned  at 
Calais  as  Chappuys  shuld  arryve  thither  or  bifore,  Bicause 
I  have  on  yowr  maiesties  behalf  cowtremaunded  yowr  Maw-jties 
deputie  there  that  in  cace  the  said  Chappuys  shuld  arryve 
there  bifore  Mr.  Wryothesley s  cuwmyng  the  said  deputie 
vnder  colowr  of  honowrab[le]  and  kynd  entretenemewt  shuld 
honestly  and  as  it  were  for  to  shewe  hym  gentilnes  and  make 
hym  good  chere  to  kepe  hym  and  reteyn  hym  there  vntyll 
he  shuld  be  sure  of  Mr.  Wryothesley  arrivaill  at  Calais  or 
w;t//in  the  marches  of  the  same  w;t//oute  any  daunger  And 
in  cace  that  the  said  Chappuys  could  not  be  that  waye  per- 
suaded to  taryc  but  Instantely  desire  to  departe  that  then  the 
said  depute  shuld  playnely  saye  vnto  hym  that  forasmoch/r  as  he 
had  a  certain  general  rest rai net c  bifore  this  and  afore  the  date 
of  his  passeport  he  desireth  him  to  tary  tyll  he  shuld  knowe 
your  grac^  pleasure  being  vpon  the  very  see  syde  and  where 
he  shuld  have  eu^ry  tyde  oportunite  to  sende  and  receyve 
answere,  or  vntyll  the  said  Wryothesley  shuld  be  arryved. 
But  as  I  thinke  my  lr//rrcs  to  the  said  depute  shal  not  nede 
to  be  put  in  vre  for  the  said  Chappuys  is  as  yet  here  and 
hath  desyred  to  borowe  a  lytter  of  me  If  I  had  had  any  as 
in  dede  I  had  noon  he  can  nor  ryde  nor  goo  well  whcrfore 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  193 

he  is  about  to  be  furnyshed  of  a  lytter  to  be  caryed  in,  he 
hath  Instanted  me  to  have  your  graces  \etteres  of  his  departure 
to  the  Quene  and  to  Themprro//r  I  have  caused  them  to  be 
writen  in  such<*  a  maigre  sorte  as  I  thought  the  cace  required 
it  I  referre  to  your  graces  pleasure  the  correction  and  signa- 
ture of  them.  The  said  Chappuys  desyreth  moch^  that  yet 
afore  his  departure  oute  of  the  Real  me  he  myght  have  agayn 
accesse  to  and  speke  wzt/z  your  Ma/Vjtie  I  take  it  to  be  for 
declarawon  of  som^  pleasant  wordrj  of  Themp^ro7/rs  good 
mynde  and  affection  your  highnes  may  as  cause  shalbe  to 
yo;/r  discretion  seen  Resolve  and  adurrtise  hym  of  your 
gracious  pleasure  in  that  behalf.  My  lady  Kyngeston  hath 
benr  w/t/t  my  and  other  of  yo//r  Majesties  counseill  .  very 
conformable  she  hath  bene  to  your  graces  mynde  and  gladd 
to  folowe  the  same,  most  humbly  thancking  your  highnes  wzt/* 
teares  in  her  eyen  and  beseching  yo;/r  grace  pardon  If  in  any 
thing  she  had  displeased  the  same,  behaving  herself  very 
obedyently  and  of  merveillouse  good  Inclination.  W/t//  like 
thanks  Mr.  Benton  and  my  lady  his  wiflf  have  wyllyngly 
accepted  the  charge  by  your  grace  appoincted  vnto  them,  very 
crnest  to  endevoire  themself<r.y  to  the  vttermost,  to  fulfyll  your 
graciouse  commandement  in  all  pomctes  There  is  ordre  taken 
for  my  Lorde  prince  assayes  aswell  of  all  kynde  meates  and 
drink  as  of  waters  to  be  taken  tyll  your  grace  shal  otherwise 
prouide. 

This  day  being  my  lord  Chancelo/^-  My  lorde  of  Sussex  and 
the  bishop  of  Duresme  \\i\Ji  my  I  have  receyved  \etterzs  from 
the  president  and  conseilters  of  your  graces  counseill  in  the 
North  .  dated  ix°  Marcij  conteyning  that  a  certain  frenshe  ship 
laden  with  Scotishe  goodes  wetherdryven  at  South  schelis  in 
the  countie  of  Duresme  whereof  therle  of  Westmorland  having 
adu^rtiscmewt  And  by  certain  persons  from  Scotland  advice 
geven  afore  s^rched  the  ship.  Found  vnder  the  bagag&r  in 
the  botom  thereof  a  nest  of  Traytowrs  that  is  to  saye  oon 
Robert  more  preste  of  Chicester  which  was  lately  scappid  from 
Hexams  prison.  And  Two  Irishe  men  a  monke  and  a  frere 
who  had  vrtt/t  them  sediciouse  and  Trayterouse  \cttcres  agenst 
yottr  grace  directed  to  the  bishop  of  Rome  and  to  the  traytowr 
Pole  Amongrj  the  which  there  was  oon*  from  that  yong 
rebell  trayter  Fitzgerald  to  the  cardinal  Pole  cowteynyng  the 
kyndnes  he  had  founde  in  hym  and  in  his  and  requiring  him 
not  to  put  him  in  obliuion.  But  beleve  the  said  monke  .  his 
hand  and  seell  be  at  the  same.  Also  there  be  \etteres  long 
from  an  arant  trayto//r  Rurik  bishop  of  Derensw  in  your 
graces  lande  of  Irland  .  his  hand  and  grete  scale  at  it  to  the 
bishop  of  Rome  declaring  the  calamities  of  the  papists  in 


MERR1MAK.     II 


194  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

Irland  w/t//  sundry  trayterouse  lyes  agenst  yo//r  graovf  officers 
there.  An  other  \cttc\o.  of  Crcdewce  to  the  said  pole,  and 
many  other  we  have  cxamyncd  them  .  and  doo  fynde  the 
same  to  be  cause  of  Disclosing  many  things  They  lacke  almost 
thenglishe  and  laten  tong.  Whcrfore  I  have  put  men  vndrr- 
stawding  the  Irishe  and  laten  tong  to  examyne  them  and 
write  their  depositions  .  And  the  same  had,  I  shall  by  my 
next  \ft/frcs  adu/rtise  yowr  Maiestic  of  the  hole  effect  more 
particularly  .  We  thynke  it  as  it  were  a  myracle  that  god 
drawe  them  hither  to  be  disclosed  and  punished  And  assuredly 
they  thinke  no  lesse  or  greter  then  we  doo :  Their  lr /Ares  were 
hydden  in  corners.  But  other  letteres  there  were  from  Scot- 
ishemen  to  marchauntrj  of  Dieppe  and  for  certain  bullcs 
and  dispensations  to  be  obteyned  at  Rome  for  Scotto  which 
touched  nothing  your  grac^j  subicctrj  nor  affaires  wherfore 
being  the  same  opened  and  p^rvsed  they  have  ben  redeliured 
agayn  and  the  frenshe  ship  suffred  to  depute.  Amongw  the 
Scotishe  \etteres  there  was  but  oon  thing  notable  that  is 
Thabbot  of  Melrosr  wrote  to  sorm*  freend  of  his  at  Rome  that 
noon  Indulfcf  or  expeditions  obteyned  there  shuld  take  mo 
effecte  in  Scotland  w/t//oute  the  licence  of  their  prince.  The 
which  pwrpose  I  like  well  trusting  that  the  mercy  of  god  woll 
cxtendc  his  brightnes  vpon  them  to  p^rceyve  the  truth  of 
his  word  and  gospell  to  the  bishops  confusion.  I  have 
despeched  Michel  according  to  yowr  graavr  cowmawdemewt. 
Assuredly  I  take  hym  to  be  suche  as  yo//r  grace  Jugcth  hym, 
he  desyretta  yet  to  speake  ones  w/t//  yowr  grace  but  I  remitte 
the  same  to  yowr  highe  discretion.  I  p^rceyve  by  his  rapport 
that  yowr  grace  shewed  vnto  hym  that  the  yong  duck  of 
Cleves  was  deceased.  And  that  he  answered  to  yowr  highnes 
that  then  the  duke  of  Saxony  shuld  be  heyer  having  maryed 
theldest  doughter  And  that  he  is  adurrtised  that  by  a  grnrral 
assent  of  the  hole  countreys  that  in  this  cace  the  duk  of 
Saxony  shuld  enioye  all  And  further  that  the  dukdoms  of 
Cleves  Julik  Berghes  and  Gheldres  have  made  an  allyauncc 
and  promessc  to  stycke  all  togeder  and  hold  ooof  w/t//  an 
other  and  so  he  concluded  that  the  Duck  of  Saxony  shuld 
have  the  Joyssance  of  all  them  But  whither  it  be  true  or  noo 
I  can  not  tell  for  themprrowrs  awbassadowr  about*-.?  wcncsdayc 
byddyng  me  a  diew  for  his  departure  .  amongrj  other  purposes 
saide  vnto  me  that  the  dukdomrs  of  Cleves  Julik  Berghes  and 
Geldres  If  the  duke  shal  dye  owe  to  conv  to  his  handes  for 
they  be  Imprriall  fees  as  he  said  .  and  that  he  doubted  not  the 
duke  of  Saxony  woll  not  entremedle  thcrw/t// .  onles  sonv  of 
them  shuld  be  Inheritable  to  the  heyres  general  for  then  (he 
said)  the  duke  of  Saxony  shuld  have  the  same.  We  shal  hcare 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  195 

more  of  it  shortely.  I  spedd  awaye  yesterdaye  Richard 
Harman  towards  the  paries  of  Julik  he  hath  promesed 
shortely  to  bring  worde  again  and  I  thinke  assuredly  he  woll 
not  faile.  I  have  sent  for  sir  John  Cornewallys  who  shalbe 
here  a  sondaye.  A  Thursdaye  I  receyved  letters  from 
Harvel  your  graces  seruaimt  and  subiect  now  dwelling  at 
Venece  the  oone  directed  to  your  Maieste  cowteynyng  oonly 
thanks  and  some  other  general  purpose  of  his  good  affection 
I  beseche  your  grace  to  regardehis  goodwill  and  zele  in  good 
part  and  consydere  that  w/t^in  a  litel  tyme  he  shalbe  bette[r] 
hable  to  do  srruice  and  gett  experiewCe,  of  your  gracw  affaires. 
The  other  letters  be  directed  vnto  me,  cowteynyng  besides 
thankes  certain  occurrence  there  .  your  highnes  shal  receyve 
them  herew/t//.  The  Irishe  monke  p//rposed  to  resorte  vnto 
the  traytowr  Pole  he  was  with  hym  in  Fraunce  and  at  camcrik 
the  last  tyme  that  the  said  pole  was  there.  I  trust  in  the 
meane  tyme  to  be  cowtinually  occupied  abouter  thaccomplishe- 
mewt  of  the  cow/missions  and  other  your  graces  proposes  and 
resolutions.  For  the  which  My  lorde  Admyral  is  alredy  goon 
to  employe  hymself  for  his  part  and  my  lorde  of  Suffolk  is 
likewise  gon  to  Lincoln  shire.  I  trust  our  duetie  shalbe  so 
well  employed  to  your  graces  s^ruice  that  ye  shal  have  cause 
of  co//te«teme«t  at  the  lest  to  take  our  doings  in  good  part. 
I  beseche  your  Ma^rtie  taccept  our  pover  good  willrj-  and 
smale  power,  who  shalbe  alwayes  redy  to  obeye  to  thutter- 
most  your  graciouse  cowmaundemewtrj1  and  spe«ally  yc  may 
be  assured  for  myn  owne  part  being  of  most  bounden  duetie 
obliged  therto  Thus  I  beseche  allmyghty  god  to  sende  your 
maieste  acowplishemewt  of  all  your  graciouse  desires  Writen 
at  london  the  xiiiilh  of  Marche 

Yowr  Maiesteis  most  bownden  subiect  &  seruaunt 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.    To  the  kinges  most  excellent  and  most  noble  Maiestie 
Endd.     "Letterc  to  the  kynges  MazV.rte  from  my  lorde  pr^vye 
Scale 

298.   CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Titus  B.  i,  f.  265  ;  CaL  xiv.  (i)  538.    Mar.  17  (1539). 

News  concerning  the  preparations  for  war  in  France,  the  capture  of  the 
Irish  monk,  and  the  musters  going  on  in  England.  Is  busy  with  the 
Council  arranging  for  Parliament.  Advises  the  King  to  let  Chapuys 
leave  Calais,  whether  Wriothesley  comes  or  not.  Cf.  Letter  297. 

After  my  most  bounden  duetie  of  honour  and  reverence 
most  humbly  remewbred  Please  it  yo//r  excellente  Maiestie 

O  a 


ID'*.  LKTTKRS   OF  [1539 

to  witte  that  according  to  your  graciouse  pleasure  I  and  other 
of  your  grac/j  honorable  counscill  are  crnestly  employed  to 
fulfylle  yowr  highnes  pleasw>v  signified  vnto  vs  and  suchc 
charges  as  we  have  of  yo«r  Royall  Ma/Vjtie  in  suclv  wise  that 
at  yo//r  return  all  thingcs  shalbc  in  as  good  forcwardncs  as 
may  be.  My  lorde  Admyrall  hath  adu/rtiscd  me  by  his 
\(ttcres  ,  that  he  is  aboute  and  hath  benr  v>i\Jt  most  celerite 
for  his  part  to  fulfyll  the  same.  He  had  adurrtisemc;/t 
that  in  all  Normawdye  nor  in  the  ryver  of  Roan  there  were 
no  ships  of  werre  nor  prrparac/ons  of  any  but  that  their  was 
an  ydell  bruyt  nothing  like  to  be  true  that  sonv  ships  shuld 
assemblee  and  gather  togither  at  Brest  in  Bretayiv  .  Albeit 
therr  is  no  suche  likelyhod  at  all  yet  .  he  woll  sendc  thither 
pnvely  a  barke  to  knowe  assuredly  the  truth  thereof.  Many 
bruytrj  Rumowrs  and  Rcportrj  be  made  aswell  in  and  from 
Flaundres  as  in  and  from  sonv  other  parties  .  the  grounds 
thereof  being  vnexpressed  and  all  things  well  wayed  not 
like  to  be  suclv  indede  as  is  reported  .  men  may  somtyme 
vpon  accumulac/on  of  suspicions  and  light  conjectures  take 
a  phantazie  indede  that  their  suspicions  be  true  Other 
trusting  sonv  false  reporters  which  myght  fortune  hath 
shewed  them  sonv  true  things  may  prrchaunce  by  deceyved 
by  them  Other  merking  the  woroVj  of  the  Inconstant  and 
fyckel  people  bablyng  abrode  thinke  the  same  can  not  be 
so  moche  in  the  peoples  mouth  w/t//oute  sonv  ground  as 
smoke  is  not  w/t//oute  iyre.  But  for  all  this  sowrtyme  suclv 
things  do  vanyshe  awaye  as  the  wynde  .  Yet  nevertheles 
I  can  not  But  (like  as  yo«r  grace  .  of  a  merveyllouse  high 
wisedom  for  more  assurance  in  all  chaunc^r  and  occurrenfcr 
maketh  pnmision  in  tyme  for  defense.)  so  to  thinke  that 
yowr  grace  woll  not  be  further  moved  or  pricked  by  suclv 
reports  or  \etteres  vpon  suclv  vnknowen  reportes  suspicions 
and  tales  grounded  than  the  things  doo  appere  For  assuredly 
to  my  Jugement  the  things  be  more  and  further  otherwise 
bruted  a  brode  then  the  meanyng  or  the  Did  is  Assuredly 
like  as  it  is  good  to  be  ware  and  circumspect,  So  no  lesse 
is  to  be  avoyded  overmochr  suspic/bn  to  the  whiche  if  any 
man  be  ones  geven  he  shal  never  be  quiete  in  mynd.  Thies 
I  do  not  write  as  thinking  yowr  grace  nedeth  any  warnyng 
thereof  being  of  so  highe  and  excellent  witt  prude/ice  and 
long  experience.  But  that  I  wold  declare  vnto  yowr  ma^-stie 
howe  I  doo  for  my  part  take  the  things;  and  as  I  thinke 
other  men  shuld  tak  then1.  And  that  no  more  celerite  or 
prccipitac/on  of  things  shuld  be  vsed  then  of  congruencye 

1  sic,  for 'them.' 


1539]  THOMAS    CROMWELL  197 

For  vndoubtedly  I  take  god  to  be  not  onely  your  graces 
protecto//r  but  also  a  merveillouse  favorer  so  that  In  my  hert 
I  hold  me  assured  although  all  the  rest  shuld  have  conspired 
agenst  your  grace  yet  ye  shal  prevaile  thorough  his  grace 
Assuredly  seing  that  nowe  I  vndrestande  from  Irland  that 
yo//r  rebelle  Desmond  Byryn  O  nelh?  and  O  donelle  do  moche 
combyne  and  practise  togeder,  I  thinke  a  myracle  of  the 
arryvaill  of  the  Irishe  monke  which  was  wether  dryven  hither  . 
they  were  iiij  shipps  at  their  departure  of  Scotland  a  forte- 
nyght  ere  they  could  precede  any  thing  foreward.  And  by 
te;«peste  iii  of  them  drowned  in  thother  sight  wherin  this 
monke  was  dryven  to  this  your  graces  lande  by  the  wynd 
wherto  of  all  places  in  the  world  he  was  the  most  lothe  to 
arryve.  It  shalbe  a  grete  hyndrawce  to  the  saide  Irishe 
rebellfj  purposes  and  practises  whan  they  shal  knowe  them- 
selfcr  so  to  be  at  this  tyme  by  the  Intercepc/on  of  this  monke 
their  missagrr  so  Interrupted  We  can  not  as  yet  gett  the 
pyth  of  his  Credence  wherby  I  am  advised  tomorrowe  ones 
to  go  the  towre  and  see  hym  sett  in  the  Brakes  and  by 
tof/rment  compelled  to  confesse  the  truth.  As  for  commis- 
sions concrmyng  the  bekyns  they  were  sent  more  then  iij 
veckes  agone.  1  vnderstand  that  som  sheriffs  have  doon  their 
Duetie  som  p^rchaunce  be  as  yet  negligent  so  to  doo. 

letteres  for  the  muwsters  be  also  sent,  and  no  doubte  they 
shal  doo  their  duetie  in  the  fulfilling  your  pleasure  in  that 
behalf  I  see  good  Inclination  disposiabn  and  towardnes  of 
good  will  in  all  your  graces  people  ,  that  by  all  that  I  can  see 
and  heare  your  Maiesiie  hath  moch  cause  to  thancke  god 
thereof ,  and  to  reioysse  in  yo//r  owne  mynde  ,  all  maner  mis- 
trust sett  apart.  As  for  the  return  of  the  muwsters  it  is  not 
appoincted  tyll  Easter  by  the  which  tyme  all  I  trust  shalbe 
done  and  certified  Then  vpon  the  certificate  thereof  shal  other 
letteres  by  redy  (for  the  spirial  ayde,  and  nombre,  eu^ry  gentil- 
man  woll  certifie  to  have  of  hym  self  ever  in  a  redynes),  to  be  sent 
Incowtinewt  at  the  arryvaill  of  the  certificate.?  of  the  general 
muwsters.  So  that  I  trust  all  thinges  be  in  a  good  forewardnes. 
In  the  meane  tyme  I  and  other  of  your  graces  counseill 
her*  doo  studye  and  employe  ourselies  dayly  vpon  those 
affaires  that  concernen  yo//r  graces  parlamewt  and  to  prepense 
and  prepare  in  the  same  and  other  all  that  we  may  thinke  to 
your  highnes  satisfaction  I  thinke  Chappuys  woll  resorte 
towards  your  grace  to  see  whither  it  shalbe  yo//r  pleasure  to 
geve  vnto  hym  accesse  or  no  wherupon  I  have  thought  to 
shewe  you  my  mynde  concernyng  his  departure  and  licence 
to  go  awaye  Albeit  it  may  appere  yowr  Ma/>jties  ministres 
by  the  tenowr  of  their  letteres  be  in  very  grete  suspition  yet 


LETTERS  OF  [1539 

I  thinkc  for  as  moche  as  I  can  not  jvrceyve  cxpresse  and 
manifesto  ground  thereof  and  that  as  this  daye  there  be  iii 
or  iiii  hoyes  arryved  oute  of  Flaundres  laden  w/t^  marchan- 
dise  and  good  numbre  of  money  in  the  same,  That  the  going 
awaye  of  the  said  ambassadowr  shuld  not  be  Ictten  but  his 
leave  graunted.     For  it  were  to  abhominable  that  they  shuld 
steye    Mr.  Wryothesley  or    any  other  yowr    ministres  As 
I  beleve  for  shame  they  will  not  do.     Therfore  wheras  here- 
tofore I  have  writen  vnto  yowr  Ma/rrtics  depute  at  Calais 
vnder  the  colowr  of  good  chere  and  entretenemewt  to  kepe 
the  said  Chappuy  there  or  eUes  if  he  wold  not  suffer  to  be  so 
steyed  by  colowr  of  faire  entreteneme«t  tyll  Mr.  Wryothesley 
shuld  rcto//rnc  that  then  he  shuld  saye  vnto  him  that  for 
a  spinal  restraincte  made  afor  the  date  of  his  passport  ,  he 
dereth  not  suffre  him  to  passe  tyll  Mr.  Wryothesley  be  com* 
or  tyll  he  shuld  further  knowe  yowr  highnes  pleasure  vpon 
that  spinal  point  requiring  hym  to  take  paciewcc.     I  beseche 
yowr  Ma.testic  to  declare  yowr  owne  pleaswri  and  in  cace  the 
same  shalbc  that  he  may  also  departe  from  Calais  that  then 
it  may  please  yowr  highnes  to  scnde  my  \ttttres  herewith  to 
my  lorde  deputie  theflfect  whereof  is  to  co//trema«d  the  form/r 
Ir/ATcs  and  that  in  nowise  he  shal  steye  the  said  Chappuys  . 
whether  the  said  Wryothesley  be  arryved  or  no.     Thesame 
I  Remitte   holly  to  yowr  highnes  most  prude«t  disposition 
and  ordre  Evermore   assuring  you  that  my  hert  geveth  me 
whatsoever  be   said  or   writen  of  suspicion  yet  neuirtheles 
I  trust  ccrtaincly  it  shalbc  but  a  face  sett  furth  and  in  a  brout 
vanyshe  awaye.     It  notwithstanding  as  yowr  detirminac/on  is 
so  I  most  humbly  beseche  yowr  grace  to  precede  furth  to 
yowr  preparac/ons  and  to  the  good  ordre  is l  begon/  alredy. 
I  have  caused  the  Two  Raguseys  to  be  steyed  according  to 
yowr  graciouse  mynde  tyll  yowr  pleaswn  be  knowne  And 
likewise   the   Venecian    at   Southampton    The   marchaunt/j 
straungirs  which  had  their  goodrj  in  Mr.  Gonson  ship  to  the 
valowr  to  my  Jugement  of  L.  M1  *  markrj  sterling  wold  fayne 
lade  thesami  vpon  other  botoms  and  conveyc  thesame  to  be 
vttred  and  sold  as  they  pwrposed  They  sue  to  me  to  knowc 
yowr  graciouse  pleaswri.     Yowr  subiectu  the  marchauntu  of 
this  Towne  wold  ava/rture  somi  of  them  more  of  their  good** 
into  Flaundres  but  I  have  steyed  them  at  the  custome  house 
Tyll  yowr  further  pleaswri  and  resolucibn  knowe  The  which 
in  this  and  all  other  things  as  I  shal  knowe  so  shal  I  not 
faile  to  accomplish  to  the  vttcrmost  of  my  power.    My  myndc 
is  ever  to  this  purpose  that  I  shal  ever  mistrust  my  witt  ,  or 

1  sif,  for  '  as.'  *  L  e.  50,000. 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  199 

dies  we  shal  fynde  that  all  thies  stowrmes  of  Rumows  have 
ben  sett  furth  for  a  practise  which  I  trust  shal  shortely  come 
to  light  But  for  all  that,  the  cost  and  paines  your  grace 
taketh  nowe  aboute  the  preparac/ons  &  fortifications  of  the 
hole  Realmc  shalbe  thought  well  employed.  Amongcs  other 
for  yo«r  graces  p^rliamewt  I  have  appoincted  yo//r  Maiesties 
seruaunt  Mr  Morisson  to  be  oone  of  then1  no  doubte  he 
shalbe  redy  to  answer  and  take  vp  such**  as  wold  crake  or 
face  wttA  literature  of  lernywg  or  by  Indirecte  wayes  If  any 
such*  shalbe  as  I  thinke  there  shalbe  fewe  or  noon  Foras- 
moche  as  I  and  other  your  dedicate  conseillers  be  abouter  to 
bring  all  things  so  to  passe  that  your  Maiestie  had  never 
more  tractable  parlement  I  have  thought  the  said  Morisson 
very  mete  to  serve  yo//r  grace  therin  Wherefore  I  beseche  the- 
same  to  have  him  in  yo//r  good  favour  as  ye  have  had  hitherto 
I  knowe  his  hert  so  good  that  he  is  worthy  favour  in  dede 
Thus  most  humbly  beseching  your  Maze.rtie  to  pardon  myn 
Ignorance  and  to  take  this  my  Rude  le//eres  in  good  part. 
I  supplie  our  blessed  creatowr  to  sende  your  highnes  encreace 
of  honowr  &  fortunat  successes  and  cowtynuawce  of  long  and 
Joyefull  liffe.  Writen  at  London  this  xviith  of  Marche,  in  the 
evening. 

Your  highnes  most  humble  subiect  and  seruaunt 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
Add.  To  the  kingej  highnes  most  Royall  Maieste 


299.   (CROMWELL)  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Vit.  B.  xxi,  f.  96;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  552.    Mar.  18  (1539). 

News  concerning  the  success  of  the  negotiations  in  Cleves,  and  the 
attitude  of  the  German  princes.  The  Duke  of  Saxony  promises  to 
favour  the  King's  marriage. 

My   duetie   most    humbly   remembred  Please  your   most 

noble  maiestie  to  be  aduertised  that  this  mornyng 

I  hav your  graces  semauntes  Christopher  Mount  and 

Thomas  paynel Franckford  the  Vth  of  this  present 

moncth  Thefiect  whereof  is  that ....  of  Februar  last  the  said 

Christopher  had  accesse  to  the  Duk  of  Saxony (all 

other  being  a  fcrrc  of)  he  declared  theffect  of  his  Instructions 
th he  could  wherunto  the  Duck  answered  that  he  wold 

1  sic,  for  '  them.' 


200  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

wrt//  good  will ....  him  self  to  his  power  to  do  all  thing**  and 
nothing  to  prctcrmittcc  or  ....  that  myght  conduce  to  the 
p/rfection  of  this  honest  affaire  And  that  for  thjVJ  singular 
love  and  affection  he  bcarcth  to  the  King™  Ma/tttic.  He  said 
also  ...  he  knewc  no  part  of  thothcr  prince  myndc  But  he 

trusted  they  shuld  m shortcly  and  be  togcdcr  and  then 

shuld  he  endevoir  himself  to  thaccompl of  this  maticr 

And  that  he  had  licver  brckc  and  open  this  mater  himself .... 
by  any  other  person  bicausc  he  trusteth  to  spedc  better  hym- 

self  and  the  thi be  kept  mor*  secretly.     And  whcras 

the  said  Christopher  saidc  that  thaffair  .  .  required  spcdy 
expedition  and  dcsyrcd  that  Mr.  Burgartus  which  had  seen  all 
and  could  rcportc  my  good  mynd  and  hcrt  shuld  be  sent 
thither  for  he  could  see  and  aficrme  the  same.  The  duk 
answered  that  Inco«tinc//t  after  the  asscmblcc  of  Franckford 
he  shall  mete  \v;t//  thothcr  duck  and  then  he  shal  if  it  shal  so 
please  your  highnes  he  shalbe  mediater  and  Interccsscr  bitwcn 
both  parties.  And  that  he  wold  be  content  to  sent  Burgart 
thider  afore  but  forasmoche  as  he  is  not  known  nor  knowcth 
the  cowrt  then*  he  thinked  better  the  matier  shuld  be  differed 
tyll  they  shuld  mete.  He  said  also  that  the  Comes  de  Aquila 
moved  sowtyme  such  a  matier  to  your  grace,  And  that  he 
had  thesaid  Comes  so  moch  at  his  co;;/ma//dcw<-«t  that  he 
shuld  cause  him  to  doo  all  the  service  thcrin  he  could.  The 
said  Christopher  Instawtcly  sueth  cucry  day  the  accclerac/bn 
of  the  matier  lest  som  other  shal  prcvcntc  it  And  that  in  the 
meanc  tyme  the  picture*  may  be  sent  Wherunto  the  duk 
answered  that  he  shuld  fyndc  som  occasion  to  scnde  it  but 
that  his  paynter  Lucas  was  left  sicke  behynd  hym  at  home. 
Every  man  prayseth  the  beawtie  of  the  samr  lady  aswell  for 
the  face  as  for  the  hole  body  above  all  other  ladys  excellent. 
One  among*-.?  other  p«rposes  said  vnto  them  of  late  that  she 
excellcth  as  ferre  the  duchessc  as  the  golden  son  exccllcth 
the  sylveryn  mone.  Every  man  prayseth  her  good  vertucs 
and  honestc  w/t//  shamfastncs,  which,  appercth  playncly  in 
the  grauite  of  her  face.  Thus  saye  they  that  have  seen  them 
both. 

The  said  Christopher  thinkcth  the  diete  shal  not  be  finished 
biforr  the  last  cnde  of  this  moneth  and  that  the  mart  and  the 
dictc  shal  chauncc  to  be  at  oon  tymc  Thelectcrs  paltzgrave 
and  brand eburgh  w;'t//  the  bishop  of  londcn  thempsrot/rs  am- 
bassadowr  employe  themsclfrj  to  make  a  pacification,  and  to 
confirmc  the  samr  and  hope  to  spedc.  Therle  of  Nassau  Thcrlc 
of  Aquila  Therle  Will ...  a  Furstemburg  wit/t  many  Frenshe 
capitaines  to  the  nombre  of  xx  arryved  at  Franckford  Two 
days  passed  and  dayly  gc/rtilmen  more:  do  resortc  thither. 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  201 

There  can  as  yet  nothing  by  diffined  of  the  conclusion 
of  this  diete  and  as  eu^ry  man  hopeth  well  so  be  they 
ware  that  they  be  not  deceyved  or  oppressed  by  the  craft 
or  puyssance  of  the  papistrj  or  of  the  TLmperour  The  states 
protestantrj  have  geven  their  petition  more  then  iiii  day[s] 
passed  but  as  yet  Themperours  co/wmissionrrs  have  geven 
no  answer  therto 

The  said  Christopher  doth  diligentely  Instante  and  sue  for 
the  sending  of  an  honorable  ambassiate  but  he  hath  yet  no 
answer  But  they  feale  themselfor  agreved  and  do  deteste  the 
long  dilations  of  our  court. 

This  day  Therle  Wilh'am  a  furstewburg  was  at  dyner  with 
the  duk  which  asked  of  him  what  newes  he  awswered  That 
there  is  labour  made  for  trewes  bitw[en]  Thempmwr  and  the 
Turke.  Then  said  the  duk  to  what  pwrpose  shuld  be  all 
thies  pr^paraabns  themp*v-o7*r  maketh  Therle  answered  that 
other  men  shuld  care  for  ...  Then  said  the  duk  the  bruyte  is 
here  it  shuld  be  agenst  the  king  of  England  Then  said  Therle 
The  king  of  England  shall  nede  to  take  hyde  to  him  self 
The  same  Bernard  de  mela  reported  who  was  present  at  the 
dyner  and  desired  the  said  Christophor  to  advertise  your 
grace  thereof  and  have  hym  recowmended  most  humbly. 
This  is  the  hole  effect  of  those  letteres  as  your  ma^tie  may 
knowe  by  thoriginal  thereof  in  latin  which  I  sende  herwtt/t. 
The  duk  of  Cleves  as  I  heare  say  is  well  recovred.  If  your 
grace  woll  have  any  thing  writen  to  the  said  Christophor  we 
have  nowe  good  cowmodite  of  men  to  conveye  \etteres  Wher- 
fore  I  wold  be  glad  to  knowe  your  graciouse  pleasure  herein 
And  also  wheras  my  Stuard  long  afore  this  hath  w*t/*dra\vcn 
his  wiff  From  my  lady  mary  your  Matties  doughter,  and 
therupon  her  grace  hath  lately  directed  her  \ettcres  vnto  her 
which  ye  shal  also  have  herewzt//.  I  beseche  your  highnes  to 
knowe  your  graciouse  pleasure  and  mynd  whyther  she  [sjhal 
retowme  thither  or  noo  For  assuredly  nor  my  saide  Stuard 
nor  she  wold  do  nothing,  to  your  highnes  discontentac/on 
wittingly  for  all  the  world. 

Your  maiestie  may  be  assured  that  your  highnes  affaires  in 
all  poinctrj  can  be  no  more  accelerate  and  more  don  to  their 
expedic*on,  then  we  all  do  to  our  powers  which  vndoubtedly 
be  not  ydell  wherfore  I  besecru*  your  grace  to  pardon  me  and 
take  thies  in  good  part  as  I  hope  your  maiestic  of  yowr 
accustumed  benignite  woll  do.  So  I  praye  almyghty  god 
ever  to  have  yo«r  highnes  in  his  blessed  tuition  and  sende 
your  grace  honour  pr<?sp*vite  and  long  liff.  Writen  at  London 
this  xviii01  of  Marche. 


202  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

300.  CROMWELL  TO  CHRISTOPHER  MONT  AND 
THOMAS  PAYNELL. 

B.  M.  Vit.  B.  xxi,  £.159;  CaL  xiv.  (i)  580.    Mar.  22  <  1 539). 

Directs  them  to  signify  to  the  Elector  of  Saxony  and  Landgrave  of  Hesse 
the  desire  of  the  King  for  a  close  alliance,  and  to  represent  to  them 
the  malice  of  the  Pope  and  Emperor.  They  are  to  press  for  a  speedy 
and  satisfactory  answer. 

After  my  right  herty  cowmendacj'ons  I dated 

at  Frankeford  the  Vth  of  this  mo afore,  I  wrote 

vnto  you  by  Reyner  W whom  I  thinke  ye  haue 

received    alredy receive    them.      The    kingrj 

Maiestye  hath p^rvsed  theffect   and  tenowr  of  your 

k/fcres,  and   hathe  g charge   to  thanke   you   for 

yowr  diligence  and  dextre  pro and  to  signifye  vnto 

you,   that   his  grace  not  only  mer moche,   that  ye 

haue   no   manrr  answer,  as  yet   to  th principall   part 

of  the  Instruction  geven  vnto  you  ....  his  maiestye  con- 
cernyng  the  confederacion  ayde  and  h against  the  per- 
secutors of  the  gospell,  to  be  mvtuelly  m and  given 

in  cace  of  nede  and  hostilite,  and  that  the  pr0ceding«  aboutrj 
thother  mater  of  Allyance  on  my  behalf  moved  to  Burgratus, 
and  afterward  to  the  Duke,  be  so  cold  and  slak,  And  that  the 
Duke  hathe  put  such  long  dilaye  to  be  taken  therin,  but 
also  thinketh  it  wound rous  strange  that  so  wise  prince,  as  the 
prince  evangelical  1  be,  shuld  as  it  is  reaported  take  as  it  were 
a  terme  of  trieux,  vnder  the  colowr  of  pacificac/on  set  furthe 
by  all  likelihode,  by  the  papists  and  adurrsaries  of  the  word 
of  God,  to  vndermyn  them,  And  therbye  to  tary  for  the  tyme, 
that  they  may  haue  an  occasyon  to  shewe  thair  pmurse 
malice  and  execute  thair  crueltye  bothe  Against  them,  and  the 
sincerite  of  the  word  of  god  And  so  by  litle  and  litle  assaye 
to  pr^vyde  for  thair  distruct/bn  vnder  the  colowr  of  a  veray 
peax,  whiche  is  neurrtheles  but  a  clokcd  and  furred  peax,  till 
they  shall  see  thair  avantage  to  execute  thair  pwrpose  vpon 
them  And  therfore  his  maiesties  pleaswrr  is,  that  I  shuld 
write  vnto  you  And  in  his  graces  name  to  require  and  charge 
you,  that  vpon  the  receipt  of  thise  \fttercs  ye  shall  resortc 

e  Duke   &  Landcsgrave  agayn  according  to  yo«r 

nstruct/bns  &  l/7teres  sythins  that  tyme  by  you  . . . .  ed, 

And  as  for  the  poynt  comrrrnyng  the  cowfederac/on 

liege,  yc  shall  declare  vnto  them,  that  the  kingr*  highnes 
bcyng  a  prince  that  favowreth  the  preferment  of  the  word  of 
god,  aboue  all  other  things  in  the  woi/rld  perceiving  sundry 
practises  to  be  devised  &  p/rpcnsccl  against  all  princes,  that 
favoured  the  gospell,  thinking  in  dedc  that  like  as  they  haue 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  203 

ben  the  first  that  haue  in  those  parties  ernestly  stikked 
vnto  it,  And  whom  first  of  all  the  Crueltye  of  thewemyes  of 
the  same  wold  invade  and  assaye  (afore  any  other)  to 
oppresse,  sent  you  thither  to  knowe  thair  myndes  and  inten- 
c/ons  whither  they  woll  styk  to  the  same,  As  his  maiestye 
doubteth  not  but  they  woll  do  in  dede  And  in  that  cace,  they 
wold  for  thair  defence  make  any  cowfederaczons  or  lieges,  that 
ye  shuld  shewe  vnto  them,  that  for  the  singuler  zele,  his 
maiestye  hathc  to  the  oppression  of  all  abvses,  his  highnes 
wold  be  glad  to  be  adu^rtised  therof,  and  cowtent  vpon 
reasonable  and  honest  cowdic/ons  to  entre  a  liege  for  mutuel 
ayde  on  bothe  syd^j  in  cace  of  nede  to  be  given,  as  it  shuld 
be  reasonably  advised  bitwen^-  them,  Requiring  them  to  cow- 
syder,  that  your  sending  thither  by  his  highnes,  after  the 
respect  of  god  was  most  for  thair  love  pr^fyte  and  defence, 
For  thawked  be  our  lord,  ye  may  affirme  vnto  them,  his 
maiesty  feleth  his  forces  and  strength  to  be  such,  that  in  so 
just  a  querrell  as  the  mayntena/mce  of  the  word  of  god  is, 
his  grace  trusteth  Christ  hymself  wol  be  so  good  a  protectour 
and  sheld  to  hym  that  he  doubteth  not,  but  to  defende  his 

oun  from  the  Iniurye also  to  put  them  to  suche  an 

afterd cause  to  be  warr  at  all  tymes  of any- 
thing against  his  maiestye,  be And  therfore  you  shall 

require  them,  that  they v/it/t  mvtuel  correspondence  of 

kindenes  make  .  .  .  answer,  as  to  your  gentle  sending  thither, 

And  to maiesties  good  will  it  apprrteyneth,  Further 

declaring  vnto  them  that  veray  lothe  his  highne[s]  wold  be  to 

see  any  of  them  to  be  trapped,  vnder or  deceyved,  or 

to  take  any  harme  or  prejudice  at  t[he]  papists  h&ndes,  who 
do  studye  nothing  somoch  as  to  disparple,  devyde  and  dis- 
sever them,  so  as  thair  strengthes  being  divided,  they  might 
easely  distroye  oon  after  another,  and  sel^e  thair  occasion 
vtitA  protract  of  tyme  vnder  colour  of  pacificacion,  the  opor- 
tunite,  vtterly  to  destroye  them  ;  but  neu^rtheles,  his  highnes 
remitteth  the  cowclusyon  of  thair  affaires  vfitj  any  Ambas- 
sadowrs  or  pacificatowrs  there  to  thair  good  discreabns,  not 
doubting,  but  they  woll  forsee  and  forethinke  such  practises  l 
As  vnder  colowr  of  symplicite  and  good  faithe  be  wrought 
against  them,  not  only  to  thair  detriment  ,  but  also  to  the 
detryment  of  all  others  that  pr^fesse  the  Evangelicall  trueth, 
wherunto  the  kingw  highnes  hathe  a  speciall  regard,  seyng 
that  after  thair  ou^rthrowe  as  begynn^rs  of  the  abolicion  of 
abvses  the  papists  shuld  afterward  attempt  against  his  grace, 
being  of  the  kinges  the  first  that  hath  bawnished  out  of  his 

1  £.  o.  against  them 


204  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

Rcalmc,  the  vsurped  power  of  the  bishops  of  Rome  and  his 

sete,  and  abolished  his  suprrsticions Requyring  and 

pressing  them  therfore  that ny  further   protract   or 

delayes  they  woll  send inges  highnes  thair  resolute 

mynd  and  Intcnc/on  [alnd  to  shewe  themselfcr  no  les  grate- 
full  and  thankfull  to  take  and  accept  his  good  will  and  zele 
towards  them,  then  it  hath  preceded  of  his  highnes,  to  haue 
sent  you  thither,  And  so  plainly  to  shewe  his  graces  mynd 
vnto  them  Inducing  them  to  give  you  som  resolute  awswer 
without  further  protract,  by  all  suche  reasons  as  your  dis- 
cation1  (seing  the  c/rcuwstantrj  therof)  may  better  gether 
and  allege  for  yowr  pwrpose,  and  for  inducing  them  to  send 
ernestly  som  person  or  persons  Instructed  to  conclude  wit//  his 
maiestyc,  or  e\\fs  to  give  you  full  adurrtisment  of  thair 
purposes  and  pr0cedingr*. 

Also  ye  shall  shewe  vnto  Burgratus,  or  to  som  of  your 
honest  trusty  frendrj,  by  whom  ye  may  think,  that  it  may 
next  come  to  the  Duk^  and  Landisgrave  eare  that  of  late  the 
Kingfs  highnes  hath  ben  adurrtised  howe  the  bishop  of  Rome 
and  his  adherenter  haue  entrcd  ernest  Counsail,  and  diviscd 
by  what  manrr  practises  they  might  first  and  the  next 
waye  precede  to  destroye  and  vttrrly  abolishe  the  mayn- 
tenowrs  of  Christ^  worde,  deprcssowrs  and  cowtempnrrs 
of  thair  Indult/-j  suprrsticions  and  abvses,  And  that  for  sundry 
diversities  of  opynyons,  they  could  not  as  yet  resolve  vpon  the 
most  facilitc  to  bring  thair  pwrposes  to  passe,  som  of  that 
Counsail,  and  the  most  were  of  the  opynyon,  fyrst  to  stopp 
that  well  whens  (as  they  say)  the  matrr  is  sprong  against 

them,  meanyng Cuwtrcy  and  other  Evangelical  1  p 

whom  they  thought  Quo  Jure by  the  meanes  of  som  of 

tharchbishop adherents  to  Ryd  and  dispeche  out  of 

th of  them,  And  specially  suche  as  were  induced 

Traytowr  Pole  Cardinal!,  were  of  the  opynyon  .  .  .  forasmoch 
as  the  Kinges  highnes  of  England  bein[g]  oon  of  the  three 
most  principall  princes,  and  had  most  openly  rcicctcd,  the 
bishop  of  Romcs  vsurped  auctoritc,  And  abolished  it  in  his 
Realm  And  by  whose  meanes  other  might  take  example  as 
folowing  his  title  of  the  defensowr  of  the  faith,  and  beside 
that  bicause  they  cstcme  his  maiestyc  of  such  strength,  that  if 
they  could  fynd  the  waye  to  cow/passe  to  bring  his  grace  (as 
god  forbyd)  to  an  overthrow  then  thinkc  they  the  rest  of  the 
prince  Evangelicall  shuld  haue  no  boldcncs  to  dcfcndc  thcm- 
aclfcr,  but  shuld  ycld  at  the  bishop  of  Romes  pleasure  and 
that  therfore  the  waycs  shuld  be  compassed  against  them  for 

1  sif,  for  '  discretion.' 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  205 

that  purpose,  Hitherto  ther  be  grete  likelyhodde  that  the 
papists  intended  first  against  the  Prince  of  Almayn  as 
thcffect  of  thair  practises  and  intelligence  hath  declared,  And 
to  sett  forth  thair  malice  against  the  kinge  maiestye  they 
haue  groundid  a  bull  vpon  the  devorce,  which  is  nowe  of 
a  long  season  out  of  question,  The  abolicion  of  his  vsurped 
Auctorite,  and  the  putting  to  execua'on  Fysher,  the  Cardinall 

of  S*  Vitale,  as  they  called  hym Bishop  of  Rochester 

thair   champyon    conteynyng of  fulmynac/ons  and 

Censures  that  can  be gined  against  his  maiesty  & 

subiecte,  And  so  as s  grace  is  aduertised  they  loke  but 

only  for  thair  oportunite  to  set  as  they  shall  see  cause  vpon 
thone  part  or  ihoiher,  as  they  may  spye  most  to  thair 
adutf/mtage  And  that  so  having  the  things  in  suspence,  the 
bishop  of  Rome  and  his  adherents  do  studye,  nothing  more 
then  to  haue  the  prince  of  thair  alliance  to  be  at  a  peace  and 
trues  not  only  bitwen  themselfe,  but  also  w/t/z  the  turke  and 
other  to  thentent  that  they  may  extinguishe  the  veray  sincere 
sorte  of  the  Evangelicall  prince,  and  thair  assisters.  What 
the[y]  ment  against  the  Princes  of  Almayn,  the  dede  do 
shewe,  What  they  haue  entewded  against  the  kinge  highnes 
a  grete  Rumour  hath  ben  spred  abrode  but  as  yet  the  prince 
worde  p/*rporte  rather  to  the  contrary  that  they  woll  medle 
in  no  wise  w/'t//  his  maiestye,  but  that  they  wold  kepe  thair 
treatyes  and  amite,  For  and  if  they  did  they  shuld  be  veray 
like,  to  haue  the  worst  ende  of  the  staff,  and  the  mischief  at 
the  last,  to  fall  vpon  thair  hedde. 

Trueth  it  is  that  the  brute  hath  been  veray  sore  that 
themprronr  wold  convert  his  strength  and  power  against  the 
kinge  maiestye,  and  also  the  frenchc  king  at  the  bishop  of 
Romes  intercession,  For  non  other  cause  then  for  mespr/sing 
and  avoyding  of  his  abvses  and  mayntenyng  of  the  word  of 

god  f thcr  be  non  at  all,  ner  for  any questyon 

therof  cessing,  ner  for then  godde  oun,  and  the  fame 

and hath  ben  extended  to  the  forthest  part  of  Christ- 
endom And  the  hole  assemble  at  frankeford  hath  ....  and 

yet  neurrtheles,  they  haue  made  at  that as  though  it 

had  ben  nothing  of  iwportawce,  A[nd]  wynked  at  it,  as  it  is 

manifest,  And  though  a well  wayed  and  considered 

the  same  is  thair  oun  cause  and  mater  forasmoch  as  the  malice 
the  papiste  do  pretend  against  the  kinge  maiestye  is 
grounded  vpon  non  other  cause  or  foundament  then  thair 
envye  at  the  Religion,  which  is  common  no  les  arrected  to  the 
princes  of  Almayn  then  to  the  kinge  maiestye.  Ye  may  as 
of  yourself  lament  to  som  of  your  frende  ther,  by  whom  ye 
shall  think  it  may  come  to  the  Duke  eare  and  knowlaige,  or 


MM  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

elks  yf  yc  shall  see  cause  vpon  som  good  occasion  taken, 
shewe  vnto  the  duke  and  lawdisgrave  as  of  your  self,  that 
whcras  the  king«  highnes  (affore  his  grace  kncwe  of  any 
practise  or  iwdignacion  against  hym)  hath  sent  you,  for  the 
zele  his  highnes  beireth  vnto  the  gospell,  and  sincere  doctrine 
of  christ  to  declar[e]  vnto  them,  that  vpon  honest  and  reason- 
able cowdic/ons  he  wold  not  refuse  to  condescend  to  som 

mvtuel  aide fence  of  the  gospell,  yet  neu^rthelcs 

as the  tyme  did  nothing  touche  them,  but  as c 

wynkyng  thorugh  thair  fyngrrs,  not  only,  they  haue  given  no 
adurrtismewt  or  admonicion  to  the  king«  maiestye  of  such 
Rumowrs  and  brutrj  as  they  haue  herd  by  the  cowmon  voyce, 
or  by  thair  iwtellegeno'.y  as  correspondence  of  gratuite  reqw/rcd 
ner  offred  his  grace  any  manrr  of  ayde  or  helpe  to  the  defence 
of  the  cowmon  Army,  which  could  not  haue  ben  taken  at  his 
maiestyes  hand,  but  veray  thankefully  and  gently,  but  also 
they  haue  and  do  as  yet  reteyn  you  there  w;t//out  any  resolute 
answer,  And  although  his  maiesty  shall  by  the  grace  of  god 
be  both  liable  to  defend  his  Realme,  and  to  offend  the  is/vasors, 
yet  they  might  have  considered,  that  virtus  vnita  vincit,  dis- 
prrsa  decrescit  and  that  ther  shuld  be  nothing  so  terreble  and 
fearfull  to  the  papists,  ner  more  to  the  encoragement  of  the 
Evangclicall  company,  then  to  see  all  the  pr0fesso«rs  of  the 
same  ioyncd  and  vnited  togeder  in  an  indossoluble  knott, 
affirmyng  for  certayn  that  if  the  king«  highnes  had  seen  and 
known  them  to  be  so  bruted,  and  by  Rumowrs  thretened  his 
grace  wold  haue  offred  hymself  to  give  vnto  them  adu/rtis- 
me«t  monicion  ayde  and  succours  as  to  the  cace  apprrteyned, 

•with  such  other  good  allegac/ons  beside  those  as  ye  m 

conduce,  to  haue  them  somw[hat]  ....  ourrsight  &  slakencs, 

in  shewing  ....  gratuite,  And  by  that  for  to  pryk  th 

redubb  the  same,  and  give  you  more  f .  .  . .  answer,  for  the 
recompence  of  it,  w/V*  expedicio[n]  As  for  the  mater  of  the 
Alliance  wherof  I ....  the  charge  vnto  you  touching  Cleves 
sollicit  .  .  .  yc  to  haue  an  answer,  and  if  ye  shall  prrc[eive]  in 
them  any  vntowardcnes  or  long  dclayes  that  then  having 
your  answer  touching  thothrr  mater  ye  shall  no  further  presse 
them  for  the  maters  of  allyauncrj,  but  take  yowr  iorney  hither 
thorugh  the  Duke  of  Cleves  domynions,  and  therr,  to  mete 
vtith  the  Kingfs  oratowrs  ther,  Doctowr  Owton,  and  Mr.  Berde, 
and  so  to  communicate  w/tA  them  thaffaires  co«o-rnyng  thair 
commission,  and  so  to  reto;/rne  hither  w/t//  diligence,  as  ye 
shall  see  cause  accordingly.  Thus  fare  ye  hirtely  well  From 
London  this  xxij*  of  Marche. 

Your  louyng  freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  207 

Add.  To  my  loving  frenckr  Christopher  Mount  And 
Thomas  paynell  the  king**.?  Agents  in  Alemayn. 

Endd.  My  LordV.?  let/eres  to  to1  C:  Mont  and  Thomas 
paynell  xxiido  Marcij. 

301.  (CROMWELL)  TO  WRIOTHESLEY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  405.    (March,  1539.) 

Information  concerning  the  attitude  of  the  Emperor,  which  seems  very 
threatening.  Wriothesley  and  Came  are  to  take  leave  and  return  to 
England,  Stephen  Vaughan  remaining  in  their  place. 

Mr  Wrothesley  after  my  most  afifectuouse  co;;/mendac/ons 
wit/I  request  that  in  all  aduersities  ye  shalbe  lik  yourself 
euermore  of  good  confort  as  I2  trust  to  god  that  bydyng  by,  ye 
shall  overcome  all  the  knottrj  of  difficulte.  We  prrceyve  the 
state  of  things  by  your  last  \etterzs  of  the  XXVth  of  the  last 
moneth  and  howe  after  faire  wether  there  is  succeded  beyond 
all  mens  expectaczon  3  a  wether  very  clowdy  Good  wordes 
good  cowtenaunce  be  towrned  as  we  pwceyve  to  a  wounder- 
full  strangenes4.  But  let  that  passe5,  o  We  trust  to  god  he  is  our 
hope,  what  shuld  we  fear  he  woll  defende  his  owne  cause,  howe 
and  after  what  fashon  we  leave  it  to  his  divine  pr0uid^«ce  Be 
ye  allwayes  of  good  confort.  We  lack  nor  hert  nor  corage c. 
Your  letteres  yesterdaye  I  declared  to  the  kingrj  highnes 
whose  maieste  having  the  nyght  afor*  receyved  letters  from 
Mr.  Wyat  doth  p^rceyve  that  in  Spayne  all  things  be  waxen 
from  colder  to  coldest 7.  Pole  is  lately  arryved  there  In  con- 
clusion Themperour  sayeth  to  the  treties  alleged  agenst  his 
reception  that  If  he  were  his  owne  traytowr  cow/myng  from 
that  holy  (scilicet)  father  of  R(ome)  he  can  not  refuse  him 
audience.  For  the  matier  of  mariage  wzt//  the  duches  of 
Millan  nowe  all  the  steye  is  vpon  the  dispensation  whiche 
they  as  it  may  be  taken  obiecte  nowe  for  a  delaye  as  the  most 
dificulte  wherof  they  never  spak  of  afore.  As  for  any  treatie  of 
streighter  allyaunce  they  saye  in  dede  that  they  shal  not  fayle 
to  obs^rue  the  hole  tenour  of  their  treaties  8  I  praye  god  they 

1  sic.  not  shall  fall  vpon  their  neckw  and 

*  c.  o.  doubt  not  but  shalbe  their  owne  Rod 

'  c.  o.  and  agenst  all  right  and  *  c.  o.  and  shal  not  be  faced  w;'tA 

reason  a  bragg 

4  c.  o.  and  that  so  vnkyndely  and  7  c.  o.  and  from  sowr  to  bytter 

so  beyond  any  honest  mens  ex-  8  c.  o.  but  they  wold  have  aucto- 

pectac/on,  that  no  wit  is  so  dull  but  rite  to  glose  them  at  their  pleasur. 

he  shuld  nwveill  at  it  We  pmreyve  they  practise  sormvh.it 

8  c.  o.  their  Inordinat  mynd  and  the  botom  of  the  pott.    We  knowe 

doings  their  extreme  Ingratitude  we  not  but  we  tak  it  for  a  bragge  but 

trust  at  the  last  yea  and  we  doubt  nevertheles 


•J<»s  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

doo  so  we  mistrust  som  practises1,  and  thcrfor^  as  good 
prudence  reason  and  policy  requireth  we  shal  erncstly  lok  to 
o//r2  ownc  defense  Whatsoeu/r  happeneth  lett  them  lok  to 
have  no  a  vantage.  a  If  they 4  do  vs  displease///-  whereof  we 
wold  be  lothe  but  if  they  do  constrayn  vs  we  shal  shewe  5  the 
best  we  can  whiche  shalbe  Inough  Wherefore  his  mzieste  after 
long  consyderac/bn  '  ivrceyving  nothing 7  but  very 8  delayes 
and 9  litel  effect  lik  to  *°  succed  therr  hath  willed  me  to  signific 
vnto  you,  that  declaring  vnto  the  Queen  Regent  the  coldnes  n 
and  long  protracte  of  the  maticrs  w/t^out  lyklyhod  of  any 
cxpcdic/on  12  his  gnrciouse  pleasure  and  co;//mandeme//t  (is) 
that  ye  shal  desire  yowr  leave  and  licence  of  her  and  wit/*  all 
diligence  gett  yourself13  (away)  and  retorne  hither 14  into  the 
kingrj  dominions  as  I  wrote  vnto  you  by  my  last  Ifttfres  For 
howsoever  ye  shal  (be)  dismissed  thens  assuredly  thambas- 
sadowr  Chappuy  being  herr  shall 15  have  his  leave  to  departe 
hens 16  wit/*  favour  and  honorably  if  he  shal  prrsiste  to  require 
it.  In  asking  of  his  leave  he  made  no  grete  mension  to  go 
thider  for  expedition  of  thaffaires  Where  ye  have  charge,  but 
in  manrr  as  it  were  at  the  Quenes  calling  or  for  his  puwticuler 
matiers  "  I  can  nott  tell  what  I  shuld  saye.  We  have  ben 
ther  old  unfeyned  freendV^  and  it  semeth  that  for  a  Reward 
they  wolbe18  faine  towards  vs.  God  is  above  vs  all  Tak  yowr 
leave  as  honestly  and  witA  as ls>  good  pr0testac*bns  to  all M 
pxrsones  ther<*  as  ye  can  according  to  yowr  former  lr//rres. 
And  after  yo//r  departure  appoincte  Mr  Vaughan  as  the 
kingcs  graciouse  pleasure  is  tyll  his  further  pleasure  be  known 
to  attende  vpon  the  governance  therr  in  yo//r  absence21  And 
that  Mr.  Kerne  retowme  witA  you  wherein  nevertheles  ye 
shal  vse  such  discreobn  therein  as  If  any  evill  malice  wen* 
ment  **  ye  maye  disapoincte  it,  the  circuwstancrj  and  know- 
lege  of  the  particularites  therr,  may  instruct  yowr  prudent 


1  ftt  the  margin :  they  can  do  vs  10  c.  o.  spede  or 

no  harm  but  to  their  owne  dctri-  "  c.  o.  ye  fynde  and  the  vnto- 
mcnt                                                         wardncs  they  shewe 

*  c.  o.  self«  as  though  it  were  '•  c.  o.  of  the  Matiers 

most  crnest  and  emcst  agayn  so  *'  c.  o.  awaye  thens  and  reporte 

that  "  c.  o.  you  and  M*  Kerne 

•  c.  o.  at  our  handes  ld  c.  o.  never 

4  c.  o.  bcgyn  ones  M  c.  o.  tyll  we  may  knowe  that  ye 

6  c.  o.  that  we  be  men  and  of     be  in  surctic  of  yo.vr  p<v sone 
suche  sorte  in  hert  as  the  shape  "  c.  o.  or  at  the  Quenes  calling 
shewcth  owteward.  u  c.  o.  our  newe  enemys 

*  c.  o.  of  their  practises  can  "  c.  o.  honest 

7  c.  o.  that  wayes  *°  < .  o.  the  nobles 

'  c.  o.  fayntisc  and  dissimulac/on  n  c.  o.  and  Mr  Kerne  to 

•  c.  o.  no  *  c.  o.  by  them  to 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  209 

circumspection  what  ye  have  to  doo  l.  I  thinke  that  your 
retourne  wolbe  vttt/t  all  celerite  yet  nevertheles  I  doubt  not 
but  If  the  case  shal  require  ye  will  aduertise  vs  of  alle  notable 
occurrences  that  in  the  meane  tyme  may  chaunce  and  that 
shuld  be  provided  for. 

302.  CROMWELL  TO  (SIR  RICHARD  RICHE). 

R.  O.  CaL  xiv.  (i)  679.    Apr.  3  (1539). 

Desires  him  to  make  out  and  deliver  to  the  bearer  letters  patent,  for  a 
pension  of  ^80  to  the  late  Abbot  of  Wigmore. 

In  my  right  harty  wise.  I  cowmend  me  vnto  you.  And 
forasmoche  as  the  Icings  maiesties  pleasure  ys  that  the  late 
Abbot  of  Wigmore  shall  haue  for  his  yerly  pension  the  some 
of  fourscore  pounds  sterling.  I  desire  you  w/t/*  convenyent 
spede  to  cause  the  king«  \etfcres  patents  therof  to  be  made 
and  sealed  in  the  accustumed  maner,  and  delivered  to  the 
berer  herof  according  to  the  kingrj  highnes  pleasure  in  that 
behalf,  thus  fare  ye  hartcly  well.  At  my  house  in  london  the 
third  day  of  Apriell. 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Endd.  A  letter  from  my  lorde  pryvy  scall  for  the  pensyon 
of  the  late  abbott  of  Wygmore 

303.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  EDMUND  KNYVETT. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  706.    (Apr.  6,  1539). 

Advises  him  to  agree  to  the  election  of  Mr.  Southwell  and  Mr.  Wyndham 
for  the  next  Parliament,  as  it  is  the  King's  pleasure  that  they  be 
chosen. 

Aftre  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons  having  receyved  your 
"Letteres  of  the  seconde  of  this  present,  I  p^rceyve  by  the  same 
your  gentle  affection  towards  me  wtt/i  your  desire  to  knowe 
myn  aduisc  touching  the  knightly  of  the  shire  for  Norffblk, 
thelection  of  whom  shalbe  the  xiiiith  of  this  monethe  at 
Norwhich  For  answer  wherunto  like  as  for  thone  parie  I  doo 
right  hartely  thank  you,  and  shalbe  gladd  to  consider  your 
good  wil  as  occasion  and  convenient  oportunyte  woll  strue  me, 
Soo  for  thother  parie  touching  the  knighter  of  the  shire 

1  c.  o.  At  the  dispeche  of  the  not  to  have  answer  of  thes  nor  of 

bring^r  of  yo«r  last   l*//*res  my  his  but  at  your  co/wmyng  or  a  litel 

loving    seniaunt   knight    was  not  before  thinking 

arryved  vnto  you  Wherfor  I  lok 


MKRRIMAN.    II 


210  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

I  hauc  thought  mctc  to  signific  vnto  you,  that  of  trouth  the 
king«  Ma/>jte  is  wcl  inclyned  to  haue  Mr  Southwcl  and 
Maistr  Wyndam  elected  and  chosen  to  supplic  those  Romcs 
at  this  parliament.  Wherunto  myn  aduise  shalbc  that  you 
shal  conforme  yowrself  not  for  that  I  doo  thinke  either  of 
them  more  hable  for  the  office  thcnne  yowrself  But  bicausc 
they  being  also  convenient  for  the  same,  and  partcly  myndcd 
by  his  highnes,  I  wold  all  my  Freendcs  in  the  nombr*  whcrof 
I  doo  accept  you  shuld  in  al  things  applic  thcmsclfcr  to 
satisfic  his  grace  as  apperteynethe.  Thus  Fare  you  hartely 
wel.  From  london  this  Ester  daye. 

Your  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  loving  Freend  Edmund  Knevet  of  Buckenam 
castle  csquier. 

Endd.    my  lorde  &  Master  to  Edmonde  Knevett 
304.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  f.  195  ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  775.    Apr.  12  (1539). 

Requests  him  to  permit  his  successor  Tate  to  have  as  much  plate  and 
stuff  as  he  can  spare,  at  a  reasonable  price. 

Mr.  Wyat  after  my  right  herty  and  most  aficctuousc 
co#*me«dac/ons  to  you  I  adurrtissc  you  of  the  receipt  of 
yo//r  \fttercs  of  the  xxix*11  of  Marchc  last  by  yo//r  postc 
Nicholas  and  also  of  yowr  other  \e Meres  by  the  waye  of 
FlaunoVrs  of  sundry  dates  as  the  xvi"1  and  xviii111  of  the  same 
moneth  the  which  and  yowr  good  diligence  and  office  therin 
ministrcd  the  kingtt  Ma/tttie  takcth  very  thankfully  and 
pwrposeth  to  Remember  the  same  accordingly.  His  highnes 
hath  despechcd  this  berer  Mr  Tate  yo;/r  successowr  In  poste 
for  the  causes  whichc  he  shal  declare  vnto  you.  I  praye  you 
that  for  my  sake  ye  will  helpe  him  of  such  yowr  plate  and 
stuff  for  his  furnishcmcwt  as  ye  maye  spars  for  reasonable 
price  and  to  shewe  vnto  him  yowr  favour  and  gcwtilnes  as 
I  double  not  therof.  He  shal  declare  vnto  you  the  diligence  of 
yowr  cuwmyng  and  why  his  grace  woll  have  it  accelerated 
I  praye  and  advise  you  to  ordre  it  so  diligently  as  may  be  to 
his  gracu  satisfaction.  And  so  bicause  he  can  declare  you  all 
manrr  newes  by  mouth  wit^oute  any  further  recitaill  Fare  ye 
hertely  well  From  london  this  xij"1  of  Aprill. 

Yowr  assuryd  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  211 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  freend  Sir  Thomas  Wyat  knight 
gentilman  of  the  king^r  Chamber  and  his  graces  ambassado/fr 
wr't//  themperour 

Endd.  From  my  lorde  prevy  seall  by  Mr.  Tate  the  xij  of 
Aprill  to  Tolledo 

305.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Titus  B.  i,  f.  267  ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  781.    Apr.  16  (1539). 

News  of  the  diet  at  Frankfort,  and  of  the  doings  of  the  Emperor,  who  is 
too  much  occupied  about  other  affairs  to  think  of  England  now. 

Please  it  your  most  excellent  highnes,  My  very  bounden 
duetie  remewbred  to  your  most  noble  Royall  maieste,  to 
vnderstand  That  even  nowe  I  have  receyved  newes  from  the 
man  of  Antwerp  which  your  highnes  wote  of  writen  in  broken 
English  of  the  Date  of  xj  of  Aprill ,  present  moneth.  Theffect 
whereof  is  That  in  Germayn  the  Christen  prince  assembled 
have  as  yet  no  answere  from  Themperour .  but  they  loke  dayly 
for  it  and  also  for  the  conclusion  of  all  the  practike  The  said 
man  writeth  the  said  xj  of  Aprill  he  receyved  \etterzs  of  the 
xxiiijth  of  Marche  from  Toledo  in  Spayne  by  the  which  he 
vnderstandeth  ,  that  thexchaunge  of  CLm1 1  crones  made  by 
the  Fowlkers  and  Welsers  to  be  paid  in  Augstburg  wit/tin 
ij  monethes  shal  serve  for  to  assemble  fotemen  to  be  conduced 
to  Geanes  for  to  go  wtt/t  Themperours  shippes  which  he 
hatlv  vndoubtedly  prepared  for  Barbaria  But  forbicause 
Themperesse  is  veray  sicke  and  -with  chyld  and  her  tymc 
to  be  brought  to  bedd  wzt/nn  ij  or  iij  monethes  vntyll  suche 
tyme  as  she  be  well  "Themptrour  doth  not  thinke  to  departe 
oute  of  Spayn  Wherfore  he  Jugeth  that  the  Englishemen 
ought  not  to  feare  any  thing  the  flete  of  Themperour  For 
they  be  all  ordeyned  for  Barbaria  as  he  saieth  he  hath*  ever 
writen.  He  thinketh  that  thadmyral  of  the  lowe  countreye  is 
nowe  vpon  the  see  w*t/j  all  the  flete  for  spayn  and  his  person 
shal  passe  no  further  but  retowrne  agayn  to  the  lowe  contreyes 
by  land  Englishemen  may  assuredly  make  their  rekenyng  that 
Ihemperour  hatlv  cause  to  think  elleswhere  then  vpon  them. 
And  for  the  verification  and  proue  hereof  as  he  allegeth  to 
have  writen  heretofore.  Themperour  hath*  not  cowsewted  to 
the  popes  desires  nor  that  his  Mandementer  shuld  be  published 
neyther  in  Spayn  neyther  in  any  other  his  dominions.  That 
englishemen  shuld  be  destroyed  both  bodyes  and  goodes 
wheresoever  they  could  be  found  As  that  pope  wold  they 

1  i.e.  150,000. 
P  a 


212  1.1  TTI-RS   OF  [1539 

shuld  be  which  desires  although  he  calleth  them  Sanctissimo 
yet  we  ought  to  repute  tyra/missimo  and  so  the  world  ought 
to  Juge  seen  that  he  procedeth  w/t//out  reason.  But  the 
worde  of  god  shall  lasse  in  etcrnu;//  and  the  truth  shal  have 
place  in  spytt  of  the  devill  The  newes  in  Antwerp  from 
Themprrowrs  cowrt  be  that  aboute  the  later  ende  of  Maye 
the  said  emprrowr  shal  take  his  waye  towards  the  frenshe 
king  And  his  Army  surely  go  vpon  Barbarya.  The  duchesse 
of  Myllan  is  no  more  sicke  and  in  Antwerp  is  hope  that  yet 
yowr  highnes  shall  marye  her.  The  xxiiij"1  of  Marche  last  the 
said  man  of  Antwerp  receyved  letteres  from  Rome  from 
a  freende  of  His  The  tenowr  of  his  \etterzs  worde  by  worde 
by  this  as  he  wryteth  Here  at  Rome  we  heare  nothing  of  any 
maner  busyncs  but  that  the  myndet  and  will  of  thise  prrsoncs 
is  well  knowen  as  it  may  be  better  consydered  then  told. 
The  practise  that  nowe  goth  aboute  here  bitweiv  the  Twayn 
is  w/t//outc  that  the  thyrd  have  any  part  in  it  and  so  clere  as 
your  freendes  at  Lyons  and  Antwerp  may  more  never  discover 
the  truth.  As  for  me  I  have  thought  tyll  nowe  that  it  had 
bcnr  but  a  fayned  thing  and  an  opinion  vulgarr  wj't/routc  any 
fondation.  But  syth/v/j  that  in  diu^rse  parties  there  is 
conformable  talking  of  it  I  thinke  therupon  and  it  semeth 
vnto  me  to  be  of  good  lykelyhod  That  the  oone  of  the  felowes 
that  is  ever  gladd  to  hold  and  kepe  in  hand  is  for  to  sett  the 
other  in  som^  snare  or  tanglyng,  and  that  he  doth  for  the 
sarru?  geve  him  faire  wordrj  to  feade  him  witA  Albeit  he  hath 
no  mynde  to  conv  to  theflfect  And  that  if  he  shuld  comr  to  it 
p^radvewture  he  thinketh  to  leave  him  in  the  daunce  and 
Revolve  himself  to  sonv  other  place.  By  the  which  way 
the  other  shuld  remayne  quyte  of  such  things  as  be 
demaunded  of  him  or  the  felowe  shuld  lese  sonv  steye  of 
freende  if  he  have  any  with  danger  to  make  banke  rota, 
which  shuld  be  more  pleaswr*  to  the  other  then  to  sec  his 
cncreasse  In  this  cacc  (he  writeth)  if  I  were  asked  of  conseill 
being  I  wx't//outc  the  Arte  of  divination,  I  could  non  other 
but  holde  my  peace.  Sithens  this  iij  monethes  it  rayncthc 
here  styll.  Of  the  Turke  is  litel  talking  and  here  is  not  seen 
any  apparat  to  ofiende  him  The  xxiiij"1  of  March  Petro 
Bembo  hath  ben  published  cardinal  Hitherto  is  theffect  of 
the  \tttercs  fro  Rome,  worde  by  worde  which  is  somwhat 
darke  but  I  take  the  Two  to  be  Themprrowr  and  the  Frenshe 
king  and  the  third  the  bishop  of  Rome,  and  to  my  Jugemewt 
he  meyncth  them.  I  double  not  but  your  high  wisedom  may 
better  Juge  of  all  the  samr  than  I. 

This   daye   I   have  writen   your  gracrj  advises  to  your 
struauntts  Christopher  mount  and  Thomas   paynell   to  be 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  218 

declared  vnto  the  duke  and  Landsgrave  as  your  highnes 
prescribed  vnto  me  Other  newes  I  have  not  to  write  vnto 
your  highnes  Wherefore  Requiring  your  grace  to  take  thies 
my  rude  \ettcrts  in  good  part  I  beseche  Almyghty  god  to 
cowtynue  and  encreace,  your  pn?sperite  and  honour  with 
helth  long  to  endure  From  London  this  xvith  of  Aprill. 

Your  magestes  most  humble  subiect  and  seruaunt 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.    To  the  kingrj  most  excellent  Royall  Maieste. 

Endd.  Letfere  to  the  binges  Ma/>jte  from  my  lord  pryvey 
Scale 

306.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WYATT. 

B.  M.  Harl.  MSS.  282,  ff.  197-8 ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  782*.    Apr.  16  (1539). 

Desires  his  return,  as  the  King  wishes  to  know  certain  things  which  he 
can  only  impart  orally.  Urges  him  to  discover  the  Emperor's  inten- 
tions before  his  departure. 

Mr  Wyat  after  my  right  herty  commendations  to  you 
forasmuch  as  the  kingcs  maiestie  hath  muche  hert  to  know 
what  is  the  mater  that  ye  can  not  write  but  declare  by  mouth, 
Therfore  his  grace  willeth  ye  shall  \vi\Ji  all  possible  diligence 
returne,  and  in  cace  ye  can  not  so  sone  com  the  king^j 
mantes  will  is  that  ye  shal  make  the  shortiest  abode  there 
ye  can,  and  in  the  meane  tyme  because  of  your  better 
accointaunce  ye  shall  inquire  what  themp^rowr  woll  this 
yere  or  go  out  of  spayne  or  where  icaaenst 2  the  turkye,  or 
barbarowse  and  how  all  stondyth  bytwene  fraunce  and 
thempmwr  and  news  ther  Thus  bicause  this  berer  can 
Infourme  you  of  the  newes  .  I  shal  w*t//oute  longer  Recitaill 
cowzmitte  you  to  almyghty  god.  From  london  this  xvith 
of  Aprill. 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  veray  loving  freend  S/>  Thomas  Wyat  Knight 
gentilman  of  the  binges  prive  chambre  and  his  graces  ambassa- 
dowr  wrt//  Themp^rowr. 

Endd.  From  my  lorde  prevy  sele  by  Nich^/as  the  xvi*  of 
Aprill  to  tolledo 

1  This  letter  is.  also  calendared  *  For  *  where  icaaenst '  the  ca- 
by  mistake  as  of  the  year  1538  lendar  has  'wrrie  agent,'  i.e.  'war 
(vol.  xiii.  (i)  780).  against' 


214  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

307.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

15.  M.  Titus  B.  i,  f.  271  ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  806.    Apr.  19  (1539). 
News  from  Frankfort    Arrival  of  an  Italian  with  recommendations  from 
Wittenberg.     Examination  of  the  Marchioness  of  Exeter. 

My  most  humble  and  bounden  Duetie  remembred  to  your 
excellent  maiestic  It  may  please  the  same  to  be  aducrtiscd 
that  as  this  present  dayc  I  had  not  failed  to  sett  foreward 
and  prepared  that  as  tomorrowc  I  myght  have  wayted  and 
gcven  my  due  and  pr^missed  attendaunce  vpon  yowr  highncs  , 
but  that  I  fyndc  vpon  me  some  grutge  of  an  ague  and  thinkc 
that  w/t^standing  the  first  bruwtes  by  the  sparing  of  oon*  or 
two  dayes  I  shalbe  the  better  hable  to  cowtynue  my  duetic 
of  smiice  towards  yo//r  grace  many  moncthes  and  yercs  ,  and 
yet  in  the  meane  tyme  I  shal  not  be  ydell  but  Intende  to 
yowr  maiestics  srruicc  as  I  have  donr  hitherto  ,  and  shall  as 
long  as  god  shal  geve  me  breth  and  power  to  styrr.  I  have 
sithens  my  last  Lr//rres  Receyved  adurrtisementrj  from  yo//r 
grac*j  oratowr  in  Flaundres  Stephan  Vaughan  a  grete  part 
wherof  your  highncs  hath  had  alredy,  part  of  them  as 
thadvise  of  the  bishop  Lundcnsw  Thcmpmwrs  ambassado.vr 
in  Frankford.  We  hard  not  afore  but  seen  they  advise  to 
take  such  waye  as  his  Jugemcwt  is  they  shuld  doo  so  I  thinkc 
bicause  it  shal  not  be  easy  to  them  to  compasse  their  purpose 
that  at  the  last  their  entrcprises  shal  conv  to  nothing,  and  so 
in  space  shal  appere  goddrj  grace.  In  yo//r  k7/rres  by  the 
said  Vaughan  writen  to  your  Ma/>jte  the  matiers  may  be 
seen  more  at  large  ,  and  for  that  pwrposc  I  have  Joyncd  them 
hercw/t//  Vpon  the  lr//rres  sent  vnto  me  by  yo//r  highnes 
most  honorable  counseill.  The  marquise  hath  ben^examyned  , 
and  In  effect ,  albeit  she  pretendeth  Ignorance  and  no  know- 
lege  of  the  prrson  that  shuld  reporte  the  tale,  yet  newrtheles 
she  confesseth  in  substance  ,  the  moche  like  word«  to  have 
ben  told  her.  I  shall  assayc  to  the  vttermost  of  my  power  , 
and  never  cesse  tyll  the  botom  of  her  stomacke  may  be  clercly 
opened  and  disclosed  ,  and  to  that  shal  I  not  be  slack  ,  to 
th intent  that  If  I  may  pycke  oute  the  same  and  be  as  hclthy 
as  I  trust  to  make  mcself ,  I  shall  on  mondayc  next  by  mouth 
declare  the  sanv  vnto  yowr  highnes  more  then  I  could  by  any 
writing.  I  trust  allmyghty  god  shall  bringe  all  thingrr  to 
lyght  that  any  vngodly  and  vntrue  prrsons  have  cowspired 
agenste  your  grace  as  hitherto  (prayscd  by  god)  it  hath  ben 
seen.  The  ernest  and  true  examynation  of  Leynham  shewcth 
that  of  a  long  season  he  hath  bcnr  a  madd  prophete  assuredly 
as  ferre  as  any  man  may  Juge  the  man  is  but  a  pyvyshe  foule 
and  no  partc  of  the  sprite  of  true  prophetic  can  be  found  in 
hym,  many  such  foules  have  bcnr  in  tymcs  and  as  I  thinke 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  215 

the  feld  of  the  world  woll  never  be  w/t/ioute  such  noyefull 
wedd^r  amongest  the  good  corne,  but  hervest  shal  I  trust 
make  an  ende  of  them.  Here  arryved  yesterday  oon^  hier- 
onymo  an  Italian  of  Senes  ,  a  man  of  moche  outward  simplicite 
and  as  weake  lernyng  as  ferre  as  I  can  pmreyve  he  fledd  the 
persecution  of  the  papists  in  Italy  and  went,  to  witteberg 
where  he  hath  benc  but  a  litel  season  yet  nevertheles  he  hath 
letteres  of  co;«mendac*bn  from  Martin  luther,  philip  melanchton 
Creutziger  Oziander  and  other  lerned  men  ,  and  therew/t/* 
some  \etterts  to  my  lord  tharchbishop  of  Canturbery  and  to 
your  grao\y  Chapleyn  Mr.  Thyxstyll  .  the  simplicite  of  the 
man  and  his  Rude  appareill  and  behaviowr  shewe  the  man 
not  to  be  in  my  Jugemewt  gretely  suspected  I  have  sent  him 
to  the  said  Archbishop  as  well  for  to  Juge  of  his  lernyng  as 
also  for  to  helpe  him  as  he  shal  see  cause.  I  have  receyved 
letteres  from  my  lord  of  NorfiW£  which  I  sende  herwit/i  to 
thentent  that  your  highnes  may  knowe  howe  grevousely  his 
lordship  taketh  the  assignemewt  I  have  made  to  Anthony 
Rouse  of  oone  of  Sir  Edward  Ichinghams  doughters  .  who 
by  all  the  very  true  aduertisementes  that  I  can  have  is  your 
Majesties  warde  and  to  your  graces  vse  appoincted  to  the 
custodye  of  the  said  Rouse  I  am  sory  he  taketh  the  mater 
so  moche  to  hert.  seen  the  said  Antony  Rouse  hath  ben  and 
is  reported  an  honest  and  Indifferent  man.  I  remitte  the 
resolution  and  disposition  of  the  hole  matier  to  your  highnes  . 
Not  doubting  but  your  most  excellent  wisedom  can  weyeng 
the  matier,  weye  also  therwit/i ,  My  said  Lorde  the  duke  of 
NorfiV&\r  good  merits  and  determyne  the  best  in  that  mater 
to  be  fulfylled  and  accomplished  accordingly.  I  beseche  your 
Mateste  to  take  myn  avsewce  in  good  part  and  to  excuse  my 
default  of  promesse  for  this  tyme  Prayeng  almyghty  god  to 
sende  your  grace  full  acco;«plishement  of  all  your  most  noble 
desires.  From  London  this  xix111  of  Aprill 

Your  highnes  most  humble  subiet  &  seruauntc 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
Add.     To  the  Kinges  most  noble  Maieste. 
Endd.     Lettere  to  the  kinges  Ma/Vjte  from  the  "Lord  prevy 
scale 

308.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Royal  ;C  xvi,  143 ;  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  App.  22.    (Apr.  1539.) 

Recommendation  for  the  bearer,  who  is  a  wise  and  loyal  man,  and  can 
give  a  good  account  of  affairs  in  Flanders. 

Pleaseth  it  your  Royall  Maiestie  to  be  aduertised,  that  this 
berer  is  oon^  of  them  whiche  I  sent  into  Flaunders  and  alongist 


216  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

all  the  cost  of  the  same,  he  cannc  assuredly  ccrtifie  your 
hieghncs  of  all  occurraunto,  I  bcsechc  your  hieghnes  to  here 
him,  he  is  bothe  a  wise  man  and  your  true  srruawnt  and  sub- 
iccte.  The  matiers  in  those  parties  be  no  thing  as  they  hauc 
been  reaported,  as  yowr  Maieste  shall  well  prrceaue  by  this 
bcrer  Whom  yowr  hieghnes  shall  in  all  doings  fmdc  a  pithie 
man,  As  knoweth  almightic  god  who  ever  preserue  yowr 
hieghnes  in  long  licflf,  good  health,  and  ever  to  haue  yowr 
hertrj  desire.  Written  at  london  this  present  Wedensdaie 

Yowr  hignes  most  humble  subicct  and  s^ruawnt 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.    To  the  King«  Hieghnes. 

Endd.     My  Lorde  P.  S.  to  the  Y^inges  Maj>jte. 

309.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Nero  B.  vi,  f.  5  ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  834.    (Apr.  23,  1539). 

Information  concerning  letters  written  to  the  English  ambassadors  on 
the  Continent.  News  of  the  probable  invasion  of  Christendom  by 
the  Turks,  and  of  the  relations  of  France  and  Spain. 

My  most  bounden  duetie  of  reuerence  and  honowr  to  yowr 
maicstc  right  humbly  remembred  It  may  like  the  same  to 
wite  that  to  my  grete  regret  sorowe  and  displeasowr  by  reason 
of  certain  accesse  of  a  fever  tertian  that  is  com  vpon  me  I  am 
compelled  to  be  nowe  absent  and  to  forbeare  such  myn  atten- 
daunce  vpon  yowr  Royall  highnes  as  sundry  wayes  I  am  bounde 
vnto  and  as  I  pwrposed  yesterdaye  in  the  mornyng  and  made 
meself  redy  to  have  don  whan  my  fytt  of  the  ague  casted  me 
downe  and  held  me  in  a  grete  hete  aboute  a  x  howres,  the 
payne  of  the  disease  greveth  me  nothing  so  moch  as  that  doth 
that  I  cannot  be  as  I  shuld  there  present  and  employe  my 
power  to  yowr  gracrj  affaires  and  seruice  as  my  hert  desyreth 
to  do  but  I  trust  so  to  w/t//standc  myn  c/mcmy  the  fever  in 
the  very  begywning  and  eere  ever  it  shal  have  more  hold  vpon 
me  that  I  trust  shortely  to  ouercomi  it.  In  the  meane  tymc, 
I  doubte  not  but  yowr  bontcousc  and  benigne  grace  of  his 
accoustumed  clemency  woll  hold  me  for  excused,  and  thereof 
I  besechc  yowr  Ma&rte  most  humbly.  I  have  in  this  mcane 
space  devised  a  fowrme  of  Instructions  for  Mr.  Sadleyer  the 
which  I  thought  to  have  brought  meself  and  have  knowen 
yowr  gratiouse  pleasure  therupon.  Thesame  shall  yowr 
highnes  receyve  herew/t//.  Prayeng  yowr  MaiXrte  to  take 
my  pore  devise  in  good  port,  and  graciousely  to  supplie  my 
dcfawto  thcrin.  I  have  also  in  the  mean  tyme  writen  in  to 


1.539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  217 

Flaundres  to  Mr.  Vaughan  your  Oratowr  to  seke  and  knowe 
hovve  after  what  fashon  the  hulkfj  shalbe  dismissed  in  holawd 
why  they  have  ben  discharged  from  their  voyage  and  other 
like  things  and  thereof  tadurrtise.  To  M™  Wotton  and 
Berde  I  have  writen  that  If  they  can  gett  the  picture  of 
the  Lady,  that  Mr  Berde  shal  retowrn  hither  w*t/*  diligence 
therwitA  and  Mr.  Wotton  to  tarye  there  tyll  he  shal  have  som*- 
more  effectuall  answer  etc.  To  M™  Christopher  and  Paynell 
I  have  also  writen  that  they  shuld  warn  the  prince  not  to 
moch  to  trust  to  faire  wordes,  and  to  consyder  why  and 
to  what  pwrpose  the  exchange  of  the  CLM1.  d0* 1  shuld  be 
made  etc.  ebchorting  them  to  the  Inculcation  thereof  etc. 
And  diligently  to  so  sollicite  an  answer.  After  the  dispeche 
of  Mr  Tate  I  have  sent  Nicolas  yottr  currcwr  in  to  spayne 
to  cause  Mr  Wyat  to  prepare  his  Instructions  and  advises  to 
Mr.  Tate  agenst  his  comyng  and  that  he  may  as  shortely  as 
he  can  resorte  in  poste  to  your  highnes  for  the  satisfaction 
of  your  mynde  concur nyng  that  mater  which  he  could  not 
write  but  onely  shewe  to  your  grace  by  mouth  .  By  the  said 
Curro/*r  I  addressed  also  my  \ctteres  to  My  lord  of  Hereford 
advising  him  of  such  occurrence  as  we  hadd.  And  from  him 
(to  my  grete  merveille  as  yet  I  have  receyved  no  maner 
\ctteres)  nor  from  any  other  also,  but  I  have  evermore  w*'t//  dili- 
gence (as  ever  I  shal)  sent  thesam^  to  your  MazVjtie.  Newes 
oute  of  other  partes  we  have  non,  but  oute  of  Flaundres,  that 
is  howe  the  hulke  were  cowtremawded  to  retowrn  back  The 
sending  of  Andelo,  in  post  to  the  bishop  of  Rome  to  Andreas 
de  Auria,  to  the  venicie[n]s  and  to  reto?/rn  w;t//in  xlv  days  . 
That  thempm>«r  pwrposeth  to  conv  in  to  flandres,  and  that 
the  Frenshe  king  wold  have  him  to  passe  thorough  his  Realme 
but  he  entewdeth  not  so  to  do  and  therfore  it  is  thought  that 
Andelo  is  sent  to  make  his  excuses,  And  suche  other  poincies 
which  your  grace  is  alredy  adurrtised  of.  By  other  \etteres 
and  aduertisementrj  the  sam^  be  confirmed  to  be  true  .  And 
also  It  is  writen  that  the  prince  in  the  Diete  of  Franckford 
are  not  agreed  and  that  there  Diete  shalbe ,  proroged  tyll 
mydsowmer  and  concluded  at  Colonia  but  of  this  I  beleave 
nothing  of  certainte  not  doubting  but  yo?/r  grace  orato/*rs 
there  shal  geve  dilige«t  adurrtiseme/zt,  If  any  such  thing  shuld 
be.  Mons*Vwr  de  Marrillac  the  Frenshe  kingly  ambassadowr 
sent  me  worde  that  he  had  som^  newes  not  of  grete  importance 
to  make  me  participant  of,  requiring  to  knowe  whan  I  myght 
have  leasure  to  heare  him  wherupon  seing  meself  in  myn 
accesse  of  fever  I  sent  Solemont  vnto  hym  desyriwg  hym  to 

1  sic.    The  Calendar  has  'crs,'  but  in  the  MSS.  it  is  clearly  'd**' 
('dollars'  for  ' thalers ' ?). 


218  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

have  me  excused,  and  no  lessc  to  declare  vnto  hym  than  he 
wold  to  mesclf.  His  dcclarac/bn  was  that  by  the  \cttfres 
of  Mons;V//r  dc  Rangon  and  by  other  adurrtisementrj  he  had 
advise  that  assuredly  the  Turkc  made  merveillouse  prrpara- 
cj'ons  both  by  sec  and  by  land  to  Invade  Chrw/cndom,  and 
that  alrcdy  he  had  sent  a  grete  Armye  towards  Castro  nouo 
which  the  Veneciews  toke  from  him  to  recover  it  If  he  can. 
And  that  the  Sophy  King  of  Perse  had  an  oratowr  wi'tA  the 
Turke.  And  Intrrroged  by  the  said  Soulemont  whither  the 
said  Turke  wold  converte  his  forces  he  answered  that  he  was 
extremely  sett  and  bent  agenst  the  Vencciens  and  that  he 
was  vtterly  determyned  to  extincte  them,  and  to  put  them 
to  the  worst  aslong  as  he  shal  have  any  power  .And  that 
of  peace  or  trewes  he  shuld  never  take  noon*  w/tA  the  said 
Veneciews.  that  Grittj  of  Venise  was  in  Turky  in  dede  but 
he  pretended  not  to  be  as  Oratowr  of  the  Vencciews  but  as 
a  sutowr  to  have  certain  goodrj  which  George  Grittj  his 
brother  (who  died  in  turkye)  had  left  vnto  him  at  the  tyme 
of  his  decesse,  but  that  nevertheles  If  he  shuld  have  prrceyvcd 
opportunite  the  Venecie«s  had  geven  him  charge  to  move 
the  Turke  of  som*  argumewt  but  there  was  no  suche  oportunr 
occasion  as  the  said  Marrillac  said  .  And  that  also  the  Vene- 
cie//s  were  never  put  in  hope  of.  agremewt  w/'t^  the  Turk  but 
onely  by  sonv  of  the  Bassas  ,  for  coveytise  of  suche  presents* 
as  the  Veneciews,  and  other  be  accoustumed  to  geve  them 
whan  they  go  in  ambassade  .  And  that  for  the  said  avariciouse 
coveytyse  the  said  Bassas  had  often  tymes  prayed  the  said 
Marrillac,  to  byde  the  Venecie«s  ,  to  sendc  som  ambassadowrs, 
which  he  refused  to  do  .  But  ones  he  shewed  the  same  to  the 
Turke  himself  who  answered  to  him  that  if  the  Bassas  shuld 
any  more  attempte  such  matiers  they  shuld  dye  for  it  and 
that  he  shuld  never  have  peace  w/tA  the  Veneciens  affirmyng 
the  same  by  the  solemne  othes  of  his  Turkishe  lawe  He 
shewed  also  a  letferc,  which  lately  he  had  receyved  of  Fraunce 
not  from  Monsieur  le  conestable  but  from  another  his  Freende 
in  the  conestables  absence  Theffect  thereof  was  ,  that  Christo- 
pher the  said  Conestables  secretary  who  is  wont  to  Ryde  in 
poste,  bitwen  the  Emprrowr  and  them  was  retourned  owt  of 
Spayn  and  like  as  he  had  brought  at  his  retowrne  afore,  a  cold 
answer  from  Themp*ro;/r,  he  brought  it  at  this  last  tyme 
moch  more  colder,  so  that  there  is  but  litel  hope  of  spede 
bitwen  them.  And  (said  Marrillac)  Mons/V//r  le  Secretaire 
vous  trouuerez  vray  ce  que  diz  au  Roy  a  mon  arryvee  vers  sa 
mastic  ct  le  dictcs  a  Mons;Vv/r  du  prive  scale.  Soulemont 
said  to  him,  that  in  dede  we  heard  saye  that  the  Conestable 
was  at  Chantylly  he  answered  that  his  poste  cam  that  waye 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  219 

and  wold  have  spoken  \vztJi  Monsww  le  conestable  but  that 
he  was  not  there  but  was  departed  towards  som  other  of  his 
plac^j  in  Picardy  he  could  not  tell  where.  Other  cowmuwica- 
tion  of  any  Importance  they  had  not.  The  cause  why 
I  thinke  we  heare  nothing  from  my  lorde  of  Hereford  is  that, 
by  all  lykelyhod  he  loketh  and  taryeth  for  his  mens  arryvaill 
From  Avygnon,  and  other  places  where  your  pleasure  was  he 
shuld  have  a  vigilant  eye  .  Asferre  as  I  am  enfcwrmed  by 
a  certain  person,  that  is  arryved  this  mornyng  and  hath 
reported  the  same  to  me  whan  my  Ictteres  were  writen  hitherto 
your  graces  seruaimt  Christopher  mont  shal  arryve  hither 
this  Daye  wit//  Burgartus  and  another  gewtilman  from  the 
duk  wz't//  hym.  Assonr  as  I  shal  knowe  the  truth  I  shal  not 
faile  tadu^rtise  your  maieste  thereof  Thus  beseching  your 
highnes  to  have  me  excused  I  praye  almyghty  god  to  cowtynue 
your  helth  pr^spmte  and  long  liff  From  London  this  S* 
George  daye 

Your  highnes  most  humble  subiect  &  seruaunt 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  the  Kinges  most  excellent  Maiestie 
Endd.  My  Lorde  P.  S.  to  the  \iinges  Maiestc  of  St.  George's 
daye. 

310.   CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Cleop.  E.  v,  f.  185  ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  844.    Apr.  24  (1539). 

News  of  the  diet  at  Frankfort  and  of  the  arrival  of  Burckhard  and  Baum- 
bach.  The  Landgrave  is  grieved  at  the  part  of  the  King's  proclama- 
tion which  concerns  the  marriage  of  priests.  The  Elector  is  in 
favour  of  the  marriage  with  Anne  of  Cleves.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  272-7. 

Please  it  your  most  noble  maieste,  after  my  very  bounden 
duetie  right  huwbly  remembred  with  most  herty  and 
affectuouse  thanks  for  your  graciouse  benignite  extended 
vpon  me  Infinite  wayes  and  nowe  in  sprciall  for  your  facil 
acceptaczbn  of  myn  absence,  and  confortable  graciouse 
wordes,  to  vnderstand  that  yesterdaye  aboute  none  arryved 
vnto  me  hither  your  Maiestes  seruauntes  Mr  Christopher 
Mount  and  Mr.  Paynell  .  And  shewed  vnto  me  that  the 
Duke  of  Saxony  hath  sent  hither  to  your  highnes  his 
vicechauncelowr  Burgart  and  the  Landisgrave,  a  gentilman 
of  his,  of  good  experience  that  can  speke  sundry  langagw  and 
hath  ben  often  tymes  sent  to  sundry  prince?  in  missage  as  he 
is  nowe  to  your  grace  At  their  departure  from  Frankford  the 
assemble  was  not  as  yet  dissolucd  nor  full  conclusion  taken 
therupon.  Albeit  som*  thought  that  it  wold  com  to  the  point 


LETTERS  OF  [1539 

of  an  abstinence  of  any  molcstac/on  on  both  parties  for  xviij 
monethcs  or  soo.  The  said  Burgart  and  his  collega  w/t/r 
iiij  other  prrsoncs  in  their  company  arrived  hither  also 
yesterdaye  and  were  brought  by  the  said  Christopher  to 
Jcwnyns  sergeant  of  yowr  graces  pasterye  house  there  to 
rcmayne  for  such  tyme,  tyll  they  may  be  otherwise  better 
provided  of  an  other  loging.  I  have  not  as  yet  for  myn  in- 
disposition spoken  witA  them.  But  by  yowr  grac«  Stvuaunt 
I  can  prrceyve  that  the  Landisgravc  and  Duke  also  do 
contynue  styll  in  their  loving  and  frendely  obscruac/on 
towards  yowr  maieste,  very  Joyouse  of  yowr  graces  allyance 
and  confederacion  If  it  shal  please  yowr  highncs  to  entrc 
w/t/r  them,  and  so  concernyng  thesame  poinct  their  oratowrs 
be  sent  hither  at  this  tyme  But  what  their  Instructions  do 
beare  yowr  graces  seruaunies  be  not  made  pryve  of.  Howe 
be  it  they  thinke  that  they  woll  require  concordie  in  doctrine, 
and  mutuel  helpc  of  defense  in  cace  of  Invasion  w/t/r 
Indifferent  condicions  of  Reciproke.  And  as  for  the  first 
point  the  said  Landgrave  hath  found  that  part  of  yowr  graces 
proclamac/ons  somwhat  strange  wherin  it  is  spoken  dc  comugio 
sacerdotuw,  sayeng  that  thcsamr  was  agcnst  the  true  doctrine 
of  the  votes  which  they  professed  and  herupon  also  Mclanchthon 
hath  writcn  vnto  me  that  he  hath  seen  that  proclamac/on 
wherin  certain  cvill  doctrines  be  forbcdcn,  and  also  certain 
true  doctrine  whichc  they  pr^fessc  in  Alcmayn  concernyng 
dc  votis  et  coniugio,  but  that  he  hopeth  forasmoch  as  in  the 
said  proclamac/ons  yowr  highncs  pr^misscth  to  abolishc  abuses 
that  yowr  grace  shal  consyderc  thcsamc  more  exactely  and 
at  the  last  mitigate  thesame.  They  have  as  Mr.  Christopher 
sayeth,  ben  crnestly  in  hand  w/t//  him  for  thesame  poinct, 
who  answered  that  although  he  knewc  not  yowr  graces 
consyderac/ons  in  that  behalf,  yet  he  might  well  affirme  that 
yowr  highncs  is  not  to  scrupulouse  in  the  matier  de  votis  and 
that  sundry  nonnes  and  rcligiouse  women  have  ben  discharged 
oute  of  their  houses  witA  honest  pensions  during  their  lyvcs 
and  not  forbcdcn  but  suffrcd  to  marye.  But  as  for  presto  he 
thinkcth  the  cause  of  the  prohibition  was  bicausc  they  must 
preach  the  worde  of  god  and  that  it  is  thought  that  the 
common  people  as  yet  weake  in  the  knowlege  of  the  wordc 
and  of  other  things  myght  therby  conccyve  an  opinion  of 
concupiscence  in  them,  and  by  reason  thereof  contcmpnc  their 
preachings  and  the  wordc  of  god  But  what  yowr  grace  wold 
do  after  ward  whan  the  people  shall  wcxc  stronger  and  hablc 
to  catc  solide  meatc,  he  answered  he  could  not  diffinc  nor 
Jugc,  but  that  he  doubted  not  but  yowr  grace  did  nothing 
w/t/rout  good  cause  and  reason  and  w/tA  grctc  consydcrac/on, 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  221 

w/t//  the  which  answer  the  said  landgrave  and  other  were 
merveillousely  satisfied  So  that  as  it  is  to  be  thought  they 
woll  not  moche  sticke  to  that  pointe  Melanchton  further 
writeth  vnto  me  his  opinion  of  your  graces  bishops,  by  thies 
\vordes,  Multj  vbiq//**  hoc  tempers  astute  cogitatis  Interpre- 
tationibw^  excusant  abusus  aut  leniunt,  vt  arte  stabiliant  eos 
sicut  fit  in  libro  Colonie  edito  cuj  titulus  est  Enchiridion,  hanc 
sophisticaw  permciosaw  ecclesie  video  Imitarj  Mitratos  apud 
vos  Sed  cavendum  est  ne  hac  sophistica  rursus  obruatw 
veritas  Nam  ad  tranquilitatcm  durabilem  etiam  simplex  veritas 
vtilior  est.  This  is  theffect  of  Melanchthons  \ettere  to  me.  The 
Duke  of  Saxony  concerning  the  mariage  of  your  grao*.? 
person,  hath  exhorted  the  Duke  of  Cleves  to  go  thorough 
wzt//oute  any  difficulte.  But  as  yet  his  conseill  is  not 
retowrned  from  franckford  and  they  trust  shortcly  to  mete 
to  geder  at  which  tymc  the  matier  shalbe  resolved  for  their 
part.  The  Duke  and  Landsgrave  do  moch  desire  thexpedic/on 
of  their  oratowrs  and  that  they  may  be  not  long  deteyned 
here  for  they  nede  to  employe  them  also  aboutey  other  affaires 
Wherfore  I  wolde  be  glad  to  knowe  your  graces  pleasure  and 
determinac/on.  concerning  their  audiewce  or  accesse  to  your 
highnes  I  vnderstand  by  your  said  seruantes  that  the  leage 
eua#gelike  is  allways  stedfast  and  constantly  sett  to  byde  in 
their  opinion  yea  and  rather  to  dye  then  relente.  And  that 
they  loke,  that  shortely  the  oon*  part  must  have  the  vpper 
hand  of  thother,  for  they  thinke  Antichrist  and  the  Dyvell 
woll  not  slepe  but  ever  practise  to  ouercom  the  evawgelike 
sorte  which  is  nowe  strong,  and  the  things  be  so  ferre  gon, 
that  eyther  thevawgelik^j  must  destroye  the  papistry  or  elles 
the  papists  them,  as  we  trust  it  shal  no  more  be  in  thair 
power  then  it  is  in  the  dyve\\es  power  to  overcome  christ  the 
veray  protectowr  of  the  gospell.  I  am  assured  thise  oratows 
cuwmyng  shalbe  very  formidable  to  the  bishop  of  Rome 
and  to  other  of  his  adherents  also.  For  doubtles,  If  your 
Maiestic  shal  happen  to  Joyne  w*t/*  them  the  papists  in  my 
Jugemewt  shalbe  half  indesperate  Christophor  hath  confirmed 
the  sam^  that  he  wrote  afore  that  Themperonr  above  all 
things  desired  of  them  that  they  shuld  receyve  noon  other 
p^rsones  in  that  leage  and  that  herupon  hath  ben  in  their 
diete  the  grete  stycking  at.  As  I  am  assured  yo//r  graces 
said  seruauntes  may  declare  vnto  your  highnes  and  also  howe 
they  have  seen  the  flete  retowrned  to  zeland  and  that  all  the 
ships  shal  be  dismissed  and  thartillary  discharged  and  layed 
a  land.  I  am  sory  that  I  am  not  in  the  cace  that  I  myght 
attende  and  do  s^ruice  to  yo//r  Marcrtie  as  my  duetie  and 
desire  is.  This  night  I  have  had  evill  rest,  this  is  the  daye 


LETTERS  OF  [1539 

of  thacccssc  of  my  fytt.  If  I  cam  *  scape  it  I  hope  to  be  soiv 
recovr[ed].  If  it  shal  contynue  then  yet  will  I  do  my  best 
to  overcome  it  the  sonest  I  cam  *  For  I  thinlce  the  tymc  very 
long,  tyll  I  be  better  hable  to  serve  your  Maiestie  whose 
honowr  and  pr^sperite  to  encreacc,  I  besech^  Allmygh[ty] 
god  wi'tA  co»tynua«ce  of  helth  and  long  liflf  From  london  this 
xxiiij"1  of  Aprill 

Your  Maiestes  most  humble  & 
obedyent  subiecte  &  seruatmte 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


311.  CROMWELL  TO  DR.  WOTTON,  DR.  HUGHES, 
AND  STEPHEN  VAUGHAN. 

R.  O.  CaL  xiv.  (i)  852.    Apr.  25  (1539). 

The  King  desires  them  to  make  out  capacities  with  licence  to  take  one 
benefice  '  with  cure '  for  the  friars  whose  names  ensue. 

After  my  hartie  commcndac/ons,  hereafter  ensue  the  names 
of  the  white  freres  in  northampton  for  whom  the  king« 
Mawvrtes  pleasowr  and  comma/mdcmcwt  is  that  ye  shall  make 
out  capacities  in  due  forme  after  thaccustomable  marvr  \v/t// 
lycence  to  take  one  benefice  w/t//  cure  and  that  frely  without 
requiring  any  thing  for  the  same.  Thus  Fare  you  hertely 
well.  From  my  house  in  london  the  xxvth  of  Aprile. 

John  Howell  priowr  John  Payvy 

John  Pykerde  Edwarde  Jenyngw 

Richarde  dcaken  Henry  Neyll. 

John  Harreson 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  loving  Frendes  Doctowr  Woutton,  Docto//r 
Hewis,  and  Steven  Vaughmi,  and  in  their  absence  to  their 
depute 

Endd.     Capacytyes  grauntedd  to  Freres  dissolued  etc 
312.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  COUNCIL  AT  CALAIS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1029.    May  27  (1539). 

Instructions  concerning  the  treatment  of  the  Sacramentaries.    They  are 
to  use  chanty  and  wisdom  in  suppressing  this  general  slander. 

After  my  right  hartie  cowmcndac/bns,  Thisc  shalbc  to 
Signifyc  vnto  you  that  I  hauc  Reccyucd  your  \etlercs  of  the 

1  «V,  for '  can.' 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  ~'-.'.0> 

xviiith  of  this  present  \vttJi  a  booke  of  suche  deposiabns  as  you 
hauc  taken  vppon  myn^  aduertisemewt  made  vnto  you  the 
vith  of  the  same  by  the  king^r  Maiesties  cowmaundement. 
And  having  thoroughly  perused  bothe  your  cow/mune  \etttre 
vfit/t  the  pryuate  "Lttteres  of  you  my  lorde  deputie  and  my 
lorde  Chambrelayn,  and  also  the  said  deposiabns  Forasmuche 
as  the  kinges  marV^tie  travayling  most  catholiquely,  chrw/ienly 
and  Charitably  to  sett  a  general  quiet  and  vnyte  in  all  those 
mattiers  hathe  not  hitherto  had  tyme  to  rede  or  here  your 
collectyons  which  as  it  appereth  you  haue  with  moche  travail 
gathered  And  that  I  thinke  it  neu^rtheles  to  be  most  neccs- 
sarye  that  suche  slaunders  might  be  appeased,  as  gyve  courage 
to  his  graces1  enemyes  to  note  morediuision  among^r  vs,  thenne 
is  or  canne  be  vppon  any  good  grounde  thought  amongrj  vs, 
which  may  bolden  them  tadvaunce  yvel  practises  against  his 
Maiestie  and  enfeeble  mennes  spirites  that  be  of  true  feyth  and 
meanyng  towardes  god  and  his  hieghnes,  I  haue  thought 
convenient  not  onely  to  gyve  you  myn  aduise  for  thordering 
and  quieting  of  things  till  in  those  mattyers  you  shal  knowe 
further  of  his  Maiesties  pleaswr.  But  also  to  declare  suwme 
partc  of  myn  opinion  touching  thefifectes  of  the  said  deposidbns. 
And  concernyng  the  quieting  of  the  Brutes  and  Rumours  which 
haue  risen  and  be  spredd  abrode  by  your  aduertisement?^  and 
ernest  preceding^  in  those  matiers  and  examynations.  I  thinke 
that  like  as  the  Kingly  Ma*£rte  cannot  better  or  more  hieghly 
advaunce  thonowr  of  god  ne  more  prudently  prouide  for  his 
owne  suretie  and  the  tranquilitie  of  his  Realme  domynyons 
and  subgietar  thenne  in  the  discrete  and  charitable  puwnish- 
mewt  of  suche  as  doo  by  any  meane  Labour  and  purpose  to 
sowe  sedic/on,  diuision  &  contention,  in  opinion  among^r  his 
people  contrary  to  the  trouthe  of  goddes  worde  and  his  grac^f 
most  chrw/ien  orden^uncrj,  Soo  I  thinke  again  on  thother 
syde  that  he  or  they  what  soeuer  they  be  that  wold  w/tAout 
greate  and  substancyall  grounde  be  Auctowrs  or  settersforth 
of  any  suche  Runiows  maye  appere  rather  desirous  of  sedition 
thenne  of  quiet  and  vnite,  and  may  therein  shew  themselfes 
rather  diuiscrs  howe  to  putt  men  in  trouble  and  dispair  that 
be  peaseblc,  quiet,  and  faithful,  thenne  howe  to  refo«rme  that  is 
amyssc  and  wtt/i  consideration  of  the  mattier  the  tyme  and 
other  circumstaunc^r  mete  to  be  pondered  to  presrrue  the 
nomber  yn  that  courage  towards  trouthe  to  god  and  thcr 
pryncc  that  their  bounden  Dueuties  at  al  tymes  doo  require. 
And  therefore  myne  opinion  is  that  you  shal  by  all  meanes 
diuise  howe  wit/i  charyte  and  myld  handcling  of  things  to 
quenchc  this  slaunderous  Bent  as  moche  as  you  maye  ever 
exhorting  men  discretely  and  without  Rigour  or  extreamc 


224  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

dealing  to  knowe  and  srruc  god  trucly  and  their  prince  and 
Soucrcign  Lorde  wM  all  humilitc  and  obedyencc 

As  touching  the  Substauncc  of  the  Deposic/ons,  It  is  sore  to 
note  any  man  for  a  Sacramcntary  onles  he  that  shalbc 
thauctowr  of  thinfamyc  knowc  well  what  a  Sacramcntar)  < 
And  yet  is  it  more  sore  to  note  a  cowmune  officer  put  in  place 
to  aduisc  and  rcfourmc  others  of  soo  hay  nous  a  cryme  ex- 
cept it  might  by  duely  and  cuidently  proved  against  him. 
I  mcane  this  by  the  Co;//missarye  the  deposic/bns  against 
whom  be  not  most  wcightic  and  substancial.  Against  thothcr 
fcwe  accused  of  the  same  cryme  thaccusac/ons  seamc  to  waye 
sumwhat  deper.  And  yet  the  final  nombrr  that  be  accused  of 
that  offence  might  haue  been  puanishcd  without  a  genrral 
infamye  to  the  hole  towne.  And  as  for  the  rest  of  the  depo- 
sicions  that  be  made  socially  touching  the  pr^cher  though 
prrcace  he  and  others  might  in  their  preceding^*  haue  dooru* 
more  circumspectly  in  suw/me  things  yet  they  seame  to  helpc 
litle  to  fortifye  that  there  shuld  be  suche  a  general  diuision 
among^j  you. 

Finally  I  shall  aduise  you  to  vse  things  wit/*  Charite  and 
\v/t/r  suche  wisdom  to  suppre.sse  as  moche  as  in  you  is  this 
gcnrrall  slaunder  that  there  may  be  a  towardnes  of  a  quiet 
among«  you  which  the  kingr.?  Maiestie  woll  shortely  I  doubt 
not  make  prrfyt  to  the  comfortes  of  al  that  be  wcl  disposed 
and  the  punishment  of  all  suche  as  at  this  present  apperc  or 
shall  vppon  iuste  and  indifferent  examynac/bn  be  founde  here- 
after to  maynteyn  yvel  and  corrupt  opinions  or  to  be  inclyned 
to  scdic/on.  And  thus  most  hertcly  fare  you  well  From 
Saynt  James  the  xxvii111  daye  of  Maye. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.     To  my  very  good  lordcs  and  Frcndes  and  other  the 
ncs  Counseil  at  Calice 


313.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1060.    June  I  (1539). 

Reassures  Lisle  of  his  friendship,  and  desires  to  be  informed  if  the  latter 
has  any  complaints  to  make. 

After  my  right  hartie  cowmcndacibns  to  your  Lordshipp, 
wxt//  your  Lr//rrcs  of  the  xxixth  of  the  last  Moneth  addressed 
vnto  me  vppon  the  arryvall  there  of  my  scr//<?unt  Thomas 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  225 

Palmer  I  haue  Receyued  the  two  Prisoners  Raf  Hare  and  the 
barbowr  of  Marke,  Who  shalbe  duely  here  examyned  vppon 
suche  pointes  as  be  deposed  against  them  And  remytted  thither 
if  they  shalbe  founde  culpable  to  be  pu/mished  according  to 
the  qualities  of  their  offences.  And  where  as  your  Lordshipp 
Writeth  that  you  be  no  man  malicious,  ne  haue  for  malice 
heretofore  written  any  thing  but  suche  as  hathe  been  brought 
vnto  you  and  proved  by  honest  persounes.  My  Lorde  I  assure 
you  that  I  never  tooke  you  to  be  a  man  of  suche  sorte.  Butt 
haue  euer  thought  you  to  be  of  a  good  and  gentel  natural 
disposition.  Mary  When  I  haue  perceyved  any  thing  in  youe 
that  I  haue  supposed  could  not  tende  in  fyne  to  your  com- 
moditie  I  haue  sometyme  Freendly  written  to  youe  my  mynde 
as  to  him  whose  contynuel  prosperitie  I  haue  more  desired 
thenne  I  shall  neade  nowe  to  recounte  and  expresse.  And  as 
for  other  mennes  adu^rtisementes  which  as  it  appereth  you 
coniecte  shuld  be  made  against  you  and  your  doings?  Soo  you 
write  that  if  you  canne  fynde  no  remedye  for  the  same  at  my 
hande  rather  thenne  you  wold  be  vsed  as  you  haue  been  in 
tymes  past  you  wold  chuse  to  lye  in  p^rpetuel  prisonne  during 
lief  adding  that  you  woll  soo  write  in  that  cace  to  the  King^r 
Matcste.  I  shall  aduise  your  Lordshipp  to  suspect  no  man 
further  thenne  neadeth,  Which  shuld  trouble  yowrself  and 
brede  some  inconuenyence  amongcs  you.  And  as  concernyng 
redresse  of  any  thing  that  doth  or  shuld  molest  and  inquiet 
you.  Surely  my  lorde  as  I  knowe  not  wherein  I  haue  hitherto 
failed  you  or  been  remysse  in  any  your  pursutes  causies  and 
Requestes  reasonable,  Soo  if  it  shall  Lyke  you  playnely  and 
sprdally  to  write  vnto  me  your  greves,  I  shall  meself  declare 
the  same  to  the  king^r  Ma/V-rte  and  Joyne  wz'tA  you  for  the 
healing  of  them  as  the  cace  woll  pmrcyt  and  shall  require. 
Wherein  if  you  doo  mistrust  me  you  may  wzt//out  any  offence 
to  me  seke  suche  other  remedyes  as  your  Lordshipp  shal 
thinke  most  conueniewt  and  propice  for  your  purpose.  And 
thus  most  hertely  fare  you  wel.  From  Saint  James  the  first 
day  of  June. 

I  thanke  your  lordship  hartely  for  your  gentle  present  of 
the  porpose.  Your  men  be  co;«mytted  to  the  gatehouse  tyl 
they  may  be  examyned 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lorde  the  vicecount  lisle  Deputie  of 
the  Kingr.r  Towne  and  Marches  of  Calais 


MERRIMAN.     II 


226  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

814.     CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE  AND  THE  COUNCIL  OP 

CALAIS. 

R.  O.  CaL  xiv.  (i)  1086.    June  8  (1539). 

Further  instructions  concerning  the  treatment  of  the  Sacramentaries. 
Some  of  the  depositions  against  them  are  very  serious.  The  Council 
is  to  report  to  toe  King  in  case  any  further  trouble  occurs. 

After  my  right  hartye  commendations.    Thise   shalbe  to 
aduertyse  the  same   that   I   haue  Receyued   your   LT///TCS 
dated  in  this  Moneth  w/'t//  a  sccdule  of  certayne  Articles 
preached  by  oonr  Adam  Damplipe  (as  it  is  alleaged)  by  the 
permission  of  the  Cowmissarye.   Which  Damplipe  you  Judge 
to  haue  been  an  Auctowr  of  the  erronyous  opynyons  which 
haue  lately  appered  in  Calays  and  those  partyes.     Which 
Articles  I  haue  prrused  and  fynde  them  very  pestilent,  moche 
mervelling  that  the  same  were  not  presented  heretofore  against 
hym  whenne  he  was  accused  of  the  mattyer  of  transubstancya- 
c/on.  but  if  it  be  true  that  he  taught  them  thenne  taught  he 
most  detestable  and  cancered  heresye.    And  if  the  Cowmis- 
sarye  consented  to  that  doctrynr  I  must  neadtt  bothe  thinke 
hym  vnmete  for  suche  an  office  and  judge  him  also  Woorthye 
greate  puwnishmcnt.     And  for  his  cxamynatyon  therein  and 
in  thother  matyers  layde  to  his  charge  by  the  deposic/bns 
which  you  sent  lately  vnto  me,  The  Kingrj  Maiestcs  pleas///-  is 
that  you  shal  delyuer  both  the  sayde  Commissary  and  parishe 
preste  that  hathe  been  the  preacher  vnto  this  berer  who  hathe 
charge  to  see  them  surely  and  yet  honestlye  conveyed  hethcr. 
Nowe  taunswere  to   the   pointes  of  yowr  saide  lr///res,  as 
I   wrote  before   that   I   thought   it    necessarye    that    suche 
slaunders  chaunsing  to  rise  amongtt  you,  the  same  shuld  be 
rather  discreatly  and  charytably  appeased  and  thoflendowrj 
quietly  puwnished,  thenne  soo  handled  as  shuld  gyve  courage 
to  the  Kingtt   Mantes    enemyes  to   note   muche  diuision 
amongtt  vs  and   p/rcace  cause  them  the  rather  tadvaunce 
suwmc  yvcl  practises.    Euen  soo  must  I  aduise  you  again, 
being  the  same  counsayll  that  I  wold  in  lyke  cace  folowe 
mcself  not   seing  but  offcndours   may  aswel   be  puwnished 
without  to  greate  a  tumult  as  if  the  faultes  of  a  fewe  in  respect 
of  the  multitude  there  were  bruted  thorough  an  hole  world.  And 
this  gyveth  no  Judgement  against  the  truthe  of  yowr  aduer- 
tiscmo/tAT  but  sheweth  a  meane  howe  if  they  be  good  and 
iuste   by  honest  cyrcumstaunce  you   may  make  them   yet 
better.    And  as  to  the  sccondc  poynt  of  yowr  Itt/sres  touching 
thoccasioncrs  of  the  brutes  which  haue  been  spredd  of  thise 
mattyers.  I  ment  none  other  but  to  ascribe  the  same  chicflyc 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  227 

to  those  which  were  the  first  settersfurthc  of  any  erroneous 
opinions.  And  yet  to  be  playn  with  you  as  wtt/t  my  frendes, 
many  tymes  many  diseases  that  be  of  theyr  owne  nature 
disposed  to  very  yvel  effectes,  if  it  chaunce  them  to  be  in  tyme 
espyed  by  a  good  phisiczbn.  His  Lernyng  wisedom  know- 
leage  and  good  disposytion  maye  in  suche  wise  prouidc 
remedye,  as  the  patient  shal  w/t/r  lyttel  payne  attayn  p^rfyt 
helthe,  whereas  if  the  same  phisic/on  shuld  vppon  respect 
wynk  till  thinfectyon  were  more  depely  settled  p^rcace  al  his 
conyng  to  be  practised  vppon  the  syk  man  shuld  not  be  hable 
to  helpe  him  though  he  shuld  dayly  rack  him  w*t/*  medycynes. 
And  surely  wee  be  no  lesse  but  more  in  faulte  whiche  labowr 
not  to  avoyde  yvel  from  onr  Neighbours  where  we  see  the 
same  y;;/mynent,  thenne  if  wee  shuld  be  of/rselfes  the  very 
Auctowrs  and  woorkers  of  the  same  yvel  towardes  them. 
I  haue  enfowrmed  the  kingly  Maiestye  of  al  your  \efteres  and 
of  your  book  of  deposiobns,  Whose  hieghnes  hathe  alredy 
taken  order  for  the  examynatyon  of  all  those  mattyers,  the 
resolution  whereof  shalbe  signifyed  vnto  you.  The  yvel  (as 
you  write  therein  truely)  will  labowr  to  p^ruert  the  good,  And 
even  soo  those  that  be  well  disposed  wyll  both  lament  the  foly 
of  the  yvel  and  doo  what  they  canne  to  make  them  better. 
He  that  eyther  feareth  not  god  ne  esteameth  the  kingly 
Maiesties  Iniunctyons  pra:eptes,  ordenaunces,  and  cowmande- 
mentes,  is  no  mete  herbe  to  growe  in  his  Maiesties  most 
catholique  and  Vertuous  garden.  If  you  knowe  therefore 
any  moo  of  that  sorte  to  be  opened  thenne  you  haue  alredy 
reueled  by  suche  examynations  as  you  lately  sent  vnto  me 
I  doubt  not  but  w*t//out  respect  you  woll  gyve  the  King« 
Ma*V.rte  aduertisement  of  them.  And  where  I  wrote  the  matter 
deposed  against  the  Cow/missary  not  to  be  most  haynous,  nowe 
you  aunswere  that  he  is  the  maynteynowr  and  very  supporter  of 
all  this  yvel,  bringing  in  the  forsayd  mattyers  of  damplipe  for 
a  Justifycatyon  thereof.  Surely  if  he  shalbe  found  as  greate  an 
offendowr  as  tharticles  note,  and  as  you  reaporte  him  to  be, 
I  woll  not  onely  helpe  to  haue  him  from  thens  avoyded,  but 
also  doo  for  his  further  puwnishmewt  that  shal  appertayn.  As 
touching  the  vyntners  and  constables  which  haue  been  noted 
of  the  saddest  sorte  of  men  of  that  Towne,  and  almost  in 
greatest  trust  vnder  you  of  the  counsayl,  if  they  haue  offended 
yt  shalbe  better  that  you  shewe  to  the  king«  Ma/^rte  secretly 
your  olde  ordenawnce  for  theyr  pu«nishme;/t  thenne  thus  to 
put  all  men  generally  and  openly  in  feare  of  the  losse  of  their 
lyvinges.  It  might  turn  to  a  mattyer  of  greate  importaunce, 
and  the  consequent  suche  as  I  woll  not  nc  canne  alone  diffyne. 
And  to  conclude  Doubt  you  not  but  the  wisedom  of  the 

Q2 


228  LETTERS  OF  [1539 


scing  thexperyence  of  many  Inconveniencies 
woll  very  shortely  soo  playe  the  parte  of  a  most  noble  king 
and  a  godly  Arbytre  amongw  vs  as  all  partycs  shalbe  brought 
to  a  godly  order  w/'t//  relief  of  thonest  and  the  pu«nishme//t  of 
the  malefactour  accordingly.  Thus  most  hertely  fare  you  weL 
From  Saynt  James  the  viii  of  June. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lorde  and  Loving  Frend/j  The 
Visconte  Lisle  Lorde  deputie  of  the  King«  Town  and  marches 
of  Calais  And  to  the  reste  of  his  graces  Counsell  there 

315.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cat  xiv.  (i)  1298.    July  23,  1539. 

Considers  the  quarrel  between  Mr.  Palmer  and  Mr.  Porter  to  be  of  less 
importance  than  is  represented.  Lisle  should  use  his  own  discretion 
in  such  petty  matters. 

After  my  right  herty  commendations  to  your  Lordeshipp. 
Thies  shalbe  taduertise  thesame  that  sithens  the  receipt  of  your 
l<-//Vres  theffect  and  tenowr  Whereof  I  have  right  well  prrceyved 
and  noted.  I  w/'t//  an  ernest  and  indifferent  mynd  have 
pithely  weyed  and  poundred  the  deposicions  and  Relations 
made  by  Mr.  Wallop  and  other  credible  prrsones  there  con- 
cerning the  variaunce  Bitwene  Mr.  Porter  and  Mr.  Palmer,  the 
Importaunce  whereof  I  fynde  nothing  suche  as  at  the  first 
face  and  apprehension  by  other  aduertisementej  geven  vn[to 
me]  aswell  by  your  lordship  as  by  other  I  thought  it  had 
be[en].  Wherfore  my  Lorde  I  advise  you  to  be  not  over 
free  nor  to  credule  in  beleving  any  rapports  made  vnto  you 
afore  ye  shall  heare  patiently  and  at  lenght  both  parties 
Assuredly  I  can  not  Allowe  Palmers  fash/bn  nor  behavowr 
if  he  obiectcd  to  Mr.  Porter  As  it  were,  that  he  was  nothing  so 
diligent  to  seke  the  kingtt  avawtage  as  he  was  to  fynd  fawter 
vpon  him  and  whither  it  be  true  or  no,  yet  Like  as  palmer 
shuld  be  light  in  so  uttering  the  Word*?  So  I  can  not  allowe 
that  Mr.  Porter  being  ooni  of  the  kingu  counseill  there  and 
who  shuld  have  shewed  an  exewple  to  other  could  not  have  the 
patience  to  suffre  the  punishmcwt  thereof  to  be  made  by  your 
Lordship  and  other  of  the  co;///seill  \v;'t//outc  hote  preceding 
in  his  fume  to  Revenge  hym  self  And  to  gcve  hym  a  blowe 
as  it  appereth  by  Witnesses  he  did.  He  ought  to  have  had 
more  discrccion  and  temperance  then  thother  wherby  I  can 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  229 

not  but  thinke  he  did  more  then  wisedonv  required.  For 
Doubtles  he  knoweth  moche  better  howe  moche  daungier  and 
pcrill  may  happen  and  what  Inconvenience  may  fall  in  suche 
a  Towne  of  werre  vpon  such  light  demeanour  and  sodeyn 
falling  oute  to  geders.  But  all  things  consydred  seing 
the  Importance  of  the  mater  is  no  greter  and  that  I  trust 
thexemple  thereof  shall  bring  no  evill  consequent  Being  the 
thing  doonr  on  both  parties  in  a  hete  of  colere  and  passion. 
Having  well  wayed  the  proclamations  and  statute  made  agenst 
suchr  as  geve  or  utter  some  evill  word*'.?  or  uncomely  langage 
agenst  such**  as  be  of  the  chief  officers  and  counseillers  there 
I  doo  Renvoye  the  said  palmer  thither  agayn  Requyryng 
your  Lordship  and  other  Indifferent  prrsones  of  the  counseill 
there  to  travaille  to  make  frendeship  and  amytie  bitwen^  them 
and  ernestly  to  sett  them  at  ones,  and  to  Abolishe  all  striff  and 
variaunce  Bitwen^  them  I  esteme  them  bothe  to  be  of  good 
actiuitc  and  dexterite  to  do  his  MazVrte  good  seruice.  Wher- 
fore  I  desire  moche  that  they  might  be  frendly  Reconciled  to 
gedr  And  If  by  your  Indifferencies  well  weyeng  the  matiers 
ye  shal  fynd  the  said  Palmer  punyshable  and  that  it  be  so 
expedient  I  woll  not  withstand  it  But  remitte  the  same  to 
yonr  Indifferent  circumspections  Not  doubting  but  ye  woll  not 
wandr  in  the  bondes  of  extremite  and  Rigo/^r.  But  Rather 
sckc  onely  to  Redubbe  the  same  that  is  a  mysse  or  oute  of 
ordre  and  more  studye  howe  to  bring  all  men  ther  to  the 
frame  of  vnion  then  howe  to  Revenge  any  quarcll  or  displeasur 
by  overmoche  Rigowr.  My  Lorde  I  praye  and  Require  you 
to  waye  that  the  Kinges  highnes  to  his  grete  cost  and  charge 
kepeth  your  lordeship  and  other  of  his  counseill  there, 
the  whiche  his  grace  hath  chosen  for  men  of  Actiuite  and 
Indifferente  discretion  for  to  kepe  vnion  and  Concorde  in  that 
his  grac^j  towne  and  marches.  Nowe  what  can  his  Maiestie 
saye  and  thinke  whan  ye  go  not  aboute  there  to  redresse  such 
light  matiers  But  evermore  w/t/t  the  same  do  trouble  his  highnes 
and  counseill,  Where  in  dede  If  ye  were  ernestly  mynded  they 
myght  be  quieted  and  refowrmed  there  wz't/toute  further  trouble 
or  busynes  to  any  part.  Wherfore  I  do  advise  you  that  like  as 
ye  shal  referre  all  things  of  highe  and  weighty  if«porte«ce  to 
his  highnes  and  counseill,  So  ye  shal  vpon  suche  other  matiers 
of  smale  Importa«ce  assemble  your  hedd^r  to  gether  and 
Charitably  w/tAoute  any  particular  affection  preceding  rather 
to  heale  and  cure  the  me/wbres  deseased  or  corrupt  then  to 
cutt  thew  awaye  w/t//out  any  necessite,  to  see  suche  a  gentil 
and  Indifferent  ordre  taken  in  things  as  maybe  for  thequiete 
of  that  towne  Wherin  I  woll  not  dissalowe  nor  disprayse  If 
ye  shal  somtyme  by  good  discretion  and  as  the  cace  shal 


230  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

require  use  the  salbe  of  correction,  and  lawfull  punyshement 
not  passing  the  bounds  of  the  statute  and  vses  there  accus- 
tomed. By  this  mcanr  shal  not  onely  his  MatVvrtc  conferme 
a  good  opinion  of  you  and  of  all  his  other  officers  st-manntfs 
and  subjects  then-  but  also  by  that  meane  ye  shal  norrishe 
and  bring  a  very  vnion  and  concorde  bitwen<*  all  them  there 
&  conduce  them  to  suche  a  knott  as  there  shalbc  prrfite  vnion, 
amongfj  them  witX/out  striffe  whiche  is  ooiv  of  the  strongest 
forteresses  that  can  be  in  any  suche  Towne  of  werr  as  the  same 
is.  As  to  the  contrary  If  the  people  be  bended  to  partialites 
their  heddtt  be  never  assured  of  them,  and  suche  chaunce  may 
thereof  happen  as  I  doubte  not  yo//r  discrete  lordship  can 
right  well  weye  and  poundre.  Wherfor*  of  a  good  zele 
and  for  the  good  will  I  do  beare  vnto  you  I  have  thought  to 
geve  vnto  you  this  admonition  the  whiche  I  am  assured  like 
as  it  procedeth  of  a  syncere  loving  hert  and  playne  to  his 
frend  so  ye  will  accept  and  take  it  in  good  part.  And  folowe 
the  same  Wherby  doubtles  ye  shalbe  brought  to  very  moche 
quiete  and  transquillite  and  all  thinges  then  shal  succed  the 
better  for  the  same  to  your  consolation  and  [desire].  Thus 
Fare  ye  right  hertely  well  From  Guldeford  the  xxiii111  of 
July  the  xxxi  yer*  of  his  highnes  most  noble  Regne. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  Lorde  my  lord  Lisle  The  Kinges 
Depute  of  his  grao-j  town  and  marches  of  Calays. 

Endd.     My  lord  privey  seal  touching  palm[er]     24  July 
316.  CROMWELL  TO  BONNER. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1310.    July  24,  1539. 

Information  concerning  the  affair  of  the  prizes  taken  by  the  ships  of  the 
Sieur  de  la  Rochepot.  The  matter  cannot  be  sent  to  France  to  be 
tried.  Cf.  Letters,  317,  328,  351. 

My  lorde  after  my  right  hertie  and  most  aficctuouse  com- 
mendac/ons  Yowr  Lordshipp  shal  vndcrstandc  that  yesterday 
confereunt  had  vpon  the  matters  of  Monsir//r  de  la  Rochipot 
betwene  the  frcnche  ambassadowr  and  Monsirwr  de  Dampont 
on  of  the  frenchc  king«  gcntilmen  on  the  on  partie  and 
ccrteyne  of  the  Stylyard  and  their  counsaill  w«t>i  Doctowr 
Layton  Oliuer  Leight  Hughs  Ryvet  and  other  one  the  other 
partie,  wherby  it  appeared  that  without  the  wrounge  of  the 
Osterlingrj  and  great  praudice  of  the  kinges  Jurisdic/bn  and 


1539]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  231 

evill  example  and  consequent  in  tymes  camming  his  ma; 'e sic 
coulde  not  Renvoye  the  mater  to  be  decided  in  Fraunce  Nor 
admitt  declinator/**;;/  feri  quam  gallus  pr^ponebat.  And  al- 
thouight  the  said  ambassadowr  and  Dampont  haue  heard  the 
motives  and  reasons  therof,  yet  neuertheles  his  highnes  not 
trusting  hollye  to  their  declaraczon  and  Rapport  hathe  remitted 
the  same  to  be  declared  aswell  by  you  as  by  them,  to  the 
Frenche  Kinge,  as  it  appearethe  by  his  grac^r  Letteres,  the 
copie  wherof  ye  shall  receyve  henw't^.  And  for  yowr  better 
instnur rion  in  all  poinntes  how  this  matter  hath  be(en)  handled 
favowrablie,  and  wi\.h  diligence  sethe  their  co;#minge.  Furst 
ye  shall  vnderstande  that  after  the  recept  of  the  Frenche 
kingr^  Lefteres  Soulemount  was  sent  to  the  ambassadors  for 
to  know  their  reasons  and  allegaobns  wherby  they  entende 
to  move  the  kinges  highnes  to  revoke  the  sentence,  at  whiche 
tyme  they,  as  vnprovided  or  not  fully  instructed  gave  him  for 
that  tyme  a  slander  answer,  whervpow  the  Sonday  after  which 
was  the  ixth  of  July ],  The  stilliard^y  wzt//  ther  counseill  were 
sent  thether  to  the  Ambassadowr  to  shew  vnto  him  their 
reasons  and  the  Justice  of  the  sentence.  And  to  answer  vnto 
suche  reasons  as  the  Frenchemen  wold  allege.  So  after  long 
confirewce  had  before  Solimon  whiche  was  appoinnted  to  be  there 
and  make  the  report  therof  on  bothe  parties,  it  was  agread 
that  by  way  of  instrucabn  to  be  made  by  them  to  the  kinges 
highnes  and  his  moste  honorable  counsell  they  shuld  put  all 
theyr  reasons  and  allegacions  with  their  facteJ  in  writinge  and 
delyuer  them  to  the  said  Solymon  So  thiuones 2  parte  writing 
shuld  not  be  communicate  to  thother,  and  for  to  do  the  same 
they  had  dylaied  till  the  fryday  next  after,  at  the  which  tyme 
the  said  amfyassadowr  was  vfit/i  the  klnges  ma^tie  at  Oteland 
and  thosterlingrj  also  wer  ther  deliu^red  on  bothe  parties 
their  writings  at  afternoon  And  so  chardge  was  geven  therof 
to  the  said  Solemon  w/to  couenaunted  to  go  to  London  and 
there  to  take  tadvise  and  opinion  of  thindifferent  doctowrs 
there  so  then  sonday  after  which  was  the  xvth  of  July  3.  The 
said  writinges  were  by  him  delivered  to  the  doctowrs  who 
toke  delay  to  make  an  answer  till  the  friday  after,  at  the  which 
day  the  ambassador  had  warning  to  be  the  sonday  next  which 
was  sonday  laste  at  Guilford  to  haue  an  answer.  He  shall 
receyve  herwft//  the  copies  of  the  factiuns  of  bothe  sydes  and 
the  report  by  Solemon  made  of  thopinion  of  those  doctowrs. 
The  sonday  laste  the  ambassado//r  was  occupied  abowtej  other 
matiers  so  that  answer  was  defered  till  Monday,  at  the  which 

1  This  date  is  wrong.    July  9  was  Wednesday.    Cal.  xiv.  (i)  p.  572  ». 
1  sic.  *  This  date  is  wrong.    July  15  was  Tuesday. 


232  LETTERS   OF  [1539 

tyme  bicause  the  Ambassador  beganc  to  reason  in  the  Lawc 
ciuil  and  wold  iustific  the  matter  to  be  clere,  the  doctowrs 
were  sent  for  to  London,  they  cam  the  Tuisdny  and  had  the 
conference  w/'t//  the  said  ambassadour  with  the  kingrr  counsaill 
and  susteyned  the  mater  could  not  be  Renvoyed  wherunto 
thambassadottr  could  skant  make  any  other  answer  Then  ye 
shall  see  by  his  reasons  before  alleged  Then  was  thexpedient 
and  moyen  propound  by  vs  of  the  kinges  counsseill  and  so  that 
geven  for  answer  as  ye  may  se  by  the  \t\nges  \etferes  vnto  you 
dated  this  present  day.  Yesterday  I  caused  the  doctors  to 
make  an  abbreuiat  of  the  rcfutac/bn  of  the  Ambassadowrs 
reasons  and  of  ther  motirfcr  to  consult  as  they  did  the  copie 
wherof  I  send  vnto  you  and  also  an  abbreuiat  of  the  con- 
cordawcics  and  discrepances  of  ther  factor  (and)  caces  wher- 
vpon  ye  may  assure  that  my  lord  of  NorfiWt  never  (gave) 
suche  sentence  as  is  by  the  frenchmew  so  alleged.  And  that 
Favour  and  Milketon  never  brought  the  Frenshmew  to  Whit- 
bye  as  is  alleged.  Item  in  all  the  treaties  we  fynde  no  suche 
thinge  as  the  said  ambassador  allegethe  in  his  seconde 
reason.  We  mrrveill  also  that  they  will  demaunde  the  Ren- 
voye  of  that  cause  as  thought  the  kinges  Ma/Vjte  being  an 
Empcrowr  in  his  Realme  shuld  lacke  Jurisdiction  And  how 
could  (they)  then  reason  to  prove  the  sentence  in  that  be- 
half pronounced  by  you  to  be  ipso  iure  nullam  quia  lata  erat 
Intra  tempus  termini  dati  ad  probandam  dcclinatoria;;/  cum 
ipsa  declinator/<7  a  Regia  Mates  fails  Jurisdicionc  Imperatorw 
sit  ipso  Jure  nulla. 

It  is  very  incredible  and  the  least  vnlike  that  Nauis  oneraria 
Hamburgensis  were  in  ther  were  but  ix  or  x  men  shuld 
Invade  ij  ships  and  a  brigantin  of  warr  in  the  oonr  Wherof 
ther  were  1  me«  and  in  the  other  xiiij.  As  I  doubte  not  but 
yo»r  wisdom  shall  perccve  sondry  other  things  to  be  alleged 
to  shewe  the  kinges  Majestic  preceding*?  and  in  the  favowr  in 
this  Behalf  shewed  vnto  them  as  apprrcth  by  thexpedient  and 
mcane  pwrpose.  I  am  assured  ye  shall  endcvowr  yowrself  to 
thuttrrmost  to  accomplish  his  Ma/<-.rties  pleas//;r  in  that  be- 
half writen  vnto  you  by  his  \etteres  of  this  present  date  I  pray 
you  tadurrtisc  me  asson  as  ye  may  of  yowr  procedinges  and 
successes  herin  and  in  other  things  wherof  I  wrote  vnto  yo//r 
lordship  on  Mondaye  last  and  adurrtise  of  that  thing  beside 
wherin  ye  woll  have  me  to  stande  you  in  any  stede  and  ye 
may  be  assured  of  my  good  and  crnest  will  therto.  Thus  far 
ye  right  hertely  well.  From  Ferneham  this  thursday  St.  James 
even  xxiiij"1  of  July. 

I  haue  thought  post  script  tadu/rtise  you  that  the  \iingcs 
maittte  hath  geven  to  the  same  gentilman  Monsieur  Dawpont 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  233 

the  su;;/me  of  xl.  li.  sterling  by  way  of  his  graces  Reward  for 
the  king  his  brothers  sake  and  honowr 

Your  Lordships  assured 

T.  C. 

Endd.  Mynute  of  my  L.  P.  S.  letteres  to  my  \ord  Hereford 
xxiiij.  July  1539. 

317.  CROMWELL  TO  MONTMORENCY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1311.    July  24,  1539. 

Regrets  that  the  King  is  unable  to  do  as  he  wishes  in  the  affair  of  his 
brother,  the  Sieur  de  la  Rochepot.  The  Bishop  of  Hereford  will 
explain.  Cf.  Letters,  316,  328,  351. 

Monsieur  Jay  receu  voz  Lr //res  que  ce  gentilhomme  envoye 
par  de  ca  parl  a  Maieste  du  Roy  Treschrc/ien  ma  deliuereez 
touchant  laffaire  de  Monsieur  de  la  Rochepot  v0/re  frere,  Au 
quel  combien  que  la  Maieste  du  Roy  mon  Mattre  fust  tres- 
desieux  de  gratifier  au  Roy  son  bon  frere  pour  \honneur  de 
vous  si  ay'je  de  mon  petit  pouuoir  tenu  La  mayn  a  ce  que 
sa  mateste  Luy  monstrast  effectuellemewt  tout  favenr  possible, 
Ainsi  quil  estoyt  tresaffectionne  et  si  sa  maieste  ne  la  bonne- 
ment  sceu  faire  en  vng  point,  come  je  croy  que  Monsieur  de 
Hereford  son  Ambassadeur  vous  fera  entendre  au  plain  con- 
tentemewt  Touteffois  tout  bien  considere  II  s'en  acquite  bien 
proposant  1 'expedient  et  moyen  quil  a  faict  Que  je  repute 
de  telle  sorte  qui  debuera  estre  a  toute  bonne  satisfaction. 
Par  quoy  Monsieur  je  vous  prie  &  requiers  qiie  faisant  tousiowrs 
le  bonne  office  que  avez  faict  et  acoustume  pour  1'entretene- 
mewt  &  accroissance  de  la  bonne  et  p^rpetuele  amitie  d'entre 
\eurs  maiestes  vous  vueillez  prendre  le  tout  en  aussy  bonne 
parte  et  d'aussy  bon  coeur  quil  precede  Et  que  le  Roy  votre 
Maitre  le  vueille  ainsi  prendre  et  accepter.  Bien  vous  assurant 
que  de  ma  part  Jay  tousio//rs  tenu  la  main  et  tiendra  durant 
ma  vie  a  ce  que  Lady/e  amitie*  si  long  temps  continuee 
puisse  tousiowrs  prrseuerer  &  durer  &  autant  que  possible 
moy  sera  de  plus  en  plus  accroistre  &  estre  augmentee.  Vous 
signifiant  que  sil  y  a  chose  en  quoy  Je  vous  puisse  faire 
hone«r  &  pleasir  me  trouuerez  prest  de  my  employer  de 
tresbon  coeur  Si  cognoist  le  createwr  qui  vous  ayt  monsiewr 
en  sa  saincte  &  tresdigne  garde.  Escript  a  Farneh^m  le 
xxiiii  de  Juillet  L'an  XV  —  XXXIX. 

Endd.  The  mynute  of  My  L.P.S.  let/eres  to  the  Conestablc 
of  Fraunce. 


234  LETTERS  OF  [1539 

318.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  HU-NGERFORD*. 

Longford  Castle  MSS.;   Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1258.    July  (1539). 

Instructions  for  the  imprisonment  of  a  priest,  until  the  coming  of  the 
Justices  of  Assize.  Promises  that  Lord  Hungerford  shall  have 
satisfaction  in  case  Master  Arundcll  has  done  him  injury. 

Havyng  reccyvcd  your  letters  wherin  ye  write  of  the  mys- 
demcanor  of  one  Sir  Nicholas  Balam  prestc  late  monk  of 
Henton  wherin  myne  advise  shalbe  that  ye  shall  commyt  him 
to  the  gaole  till  the  commyng  of  the  Justices  of  assise  into 
those  parties  and  to  declare  the  matier  unto  theym  with  the 
circumstaunces  therof  to  thentent  the[y]  may  order  that 
[m]at[er]  according  to  their  discrecions  and  as  n  ...  with 
the  kin[ges]  law[es]  equite  and  justice  I  hafve  per]used  your 
bo  ...  deposicions  taken  agaynst  [Henjry  Champ[neys] 
[t]o  be  delivered  to  Mr.  Chauncelfor]  of  the  Aug[ment]a- 
cions  bicause  the  mater  apper[tei]neth  to  that  [cour]t  to 
thentent  he  may  precede  t^nerm]  as  the  ca[se  sh]a)l  require 
furthermore  I  h[ave]  writen  u[nto  MJaister  Arundell  if  any 
injury  hathe  byn  done  unto  you  to  see  you  satisfied  for  the 
same  as  [a] mite  and  conscience  shall  require  [and]  I  doubt 

Bhe]  will  do  therin  accordyngly.     [And  to]uching  your 
uest  for  purchas  of  the  manor  of  Henfton]  and  other 
]es  of  the  same  I  shalbe  glad  to  fu[rther]  you  therin 
when  the  tyme  shall  serve. 

Oteland,    July. 
Signed.        Add. 

319.  CROMWELL  TO . 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  194.    Sept.  19  (1539). 

Concerning  provision  made  for  the  dispatch  of  John  Winter  to  sea,  and 
the  King's  pleasure  for  clearing  the  ocean  of  pirates. 

Aftre  my  moost  harty  cow/mcndac/ons  Thise  shalbe  to 
adurrtise  you  that  according  to  the  Kings*  highnes  pleasure 
signified  vnto  me  by  your  Lfttcres  touching  the  dispeche  of 
John  VVynter  to  the  Sees  I  haue  not  only  delyuered  vnto 
him  money  for  two  monethis  wagies  vitailling  and  al  other 
things  for  that  tyme  necessary  according  to  a  proporc/bn 
therof  drawen  by  me  and  Gonston,  the  copie  wherof  ye  shal 
hercwit//  receyve,  amounting  to  the  some  of  clvi  li  iiii  sh  viii  d. 
but  also  haue  delyuered  vnto  him  a  cowmyssion  writen  in 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


1539]  THOMAS    CROMWELL  235 

parchcment  for  that  purpose  which  I  pray  youe  get  signed 
assone  as  ye  maye  for  the  soner  he  shalbe  rid  the  more  good 
he  shal  doo,  Bothe  in  thexecuting  of  his  cow/mandemewt  and 
in  transporting  of  some  parte  of  tharmy  wherby  he  shal 
partely  also  alleviate  the  kingrj  chargies.  I  haue  writen  to 
the  kingrj  highnes  to  knowe  his  pleasure  touching  the  sending 
furth  of  Edwarde  Waters  in  the  mary  Guldeford.  I  pray 
youe  that  I  may  be  aduertised  wit//  al  spede  and  celeritie,  for 
his  only  demore  resteth  vppon  myn  answer.  I  haue  for  the 
Better  expedic/bn  of  Wynters  commission  put  therunto  the 
Signet  to  thintent  that  the  same  signed  he  shuld  haue  no 
cause  of  any  tarieng  there  *  and  thus  makyng  an  ende  I  pray 
god  almyghtye  Send  you  all  as  well  to  Fare  as  I  woolde  my 
self  at  london  the  xiv  daye  of  Septembre 

Your  assuryd  louyng  Frcende  and  Felowe 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 


320.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  POPE,  TREASURER 
OF  THE  COURT  OF  AUGMENTATIONS. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  282.    Oct.  5,  1539. 

Desires  him  to  pay  to  Lord  Lisle  the  sum  of  ^200,  as  an  annuity  granted 
him  by  the  King. 

Mr.  Pope  after  my  right  herty  cowmendations  ye  shal 
vnderstand  that  wheras  the  King^  Ma/>jte  hath  geven  and 
grauntid  vnto  my  very  good  lord  The  visconte  lisle  depute  of 
his  grac*\f  town  and  marches  of  Calayes  an  a;/nuite  of  Two 
hundred  pounds  sterlings  by  the  yere  to  be  paid  by  thandes 
of  you  and  other  Treasorers  of  that  his  court  of  Augmenta- 
tions of  the  tyme  being  lyke  like2  as  by  his  graces  letteres 
therupon  made  it  doth  app^re.  His  graciouse  pleasur  and 
cowmandmewt  is  that  forasmoche  as  the  said  Visconte  shal 
departe  tomorrowe  towards  the  said  Towne  of  Calais  ye 
shal  wz't//oute  delaye  vpon  the  Receipt  hereof  delyver  and  paye 
or  cause  to  be  deliwred  and  payed  vnto  the  said  Visconte  or 
to  his  assigne  bringer  hereof  The  su;«me  of  Two  hundred 
pounds  biforc  hanoVj  the  same  some  to  be  deducted  vnto 

1  f.  o.  Ye  shal  also  vnderstande  ,  *?. 

the  King«  highnes  for  the  Better  thone  of  cxx  ton  Bother  of  ""  x* 

recours  of  Vitaillies  vnto  youe  and  tonne_  Wel  Banned,  ordena/mced 

for  scouring  of  the  sees  from  piratw  an"  'ur  •  •  • 
hath  sent  vnto  the  see  ii  Barki;  ttf* 

*  i.  e.  90. 


236 


LETTERS  OF 


[»539 


him  vpon  suchr  payments  as  from  tyme  to  tyme  shuld  be 
made  to  him  for  a  hole  yer*  next  ensuyeng.  I  praye  you  to 
dispeche  his  ...  et  this  evcnyng  w/t//oute  any  further  pro- 
tracte.  Thus  Fare  yc  right  hertcly  well  From  london  this 
Vth  of  October  The  xxxith  yerr  of  his  grac/j  most  noble 
Regne. 

Your  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  very  loving  freend  Mr.  Pope  Treasorer  of 
the  \iingts  co//rt  of  the  Augmentations  of  his  grao-j  crowne. 


321.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  WILLIAM  FACET  '. 

Public  R.  O.  of  Ireland,  Irish  Patent   Roll,  29-30  H.  VIII,  m.  5  d. ; 
Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  App.  40.    Oct.  13  <IS39>- 

Concerning  the  appointment  of  officers  and  the  regulation  of  wages  in 
Ireland. 

Maister  Pagett  after  my  right  hartie  comendaabns  by  your 
lr//Vres  of  the  viiith  of  this  present  I  doe  prrceyvc  soche  doubts 
as  haue  ensurged  touching  yo//r  charge  sethens  yo//r  arryvall 
at  Chester  wherof  I  have  advised  the  kingrj  maiestie  whose 
goodnes  hath  resolved  in  manere  and  forme  folowing  Furst 
his  highnes  is  content  that  youe  shall  allowc  to  curry  man 
for  his  coste  foure  s.  Item  to  eurry  man  for  his  conducte  an 
half  penye  for  cu*ry  mile  from  the  place  of  their  dwelling  to 
the  see  side  and  to  the  capitaines  and  petycapitaincs  their 

allowance  already  appointed  that  is  foure  by  the  daie 

for  the  graund  capitaynes  conducte  and  two  s.  for  the  pety- 
capitaynes  Item  to  Mr.  Brereton  and  to  Mr  Griffith  youe  shall 
allowe  wages  for  foure  graund  capitaines  besides  themselfs 
that  is  to  eurry  of  them  twayne  and  to  euery  of  them  thre 
peticapitaines  Thomas  Wyndeham  and  Edwarde  Dudley  be 
appointed  to  be  graunde  capitaines  vndre  Mr.  Brereton  and 
John  Huberdyn  and  William  Blechinden  vndrc  Mr  Gryffith 
and  of  this  ordre  you  must  advise  Mr.  Brabazon  Item  youe 
shall  allowe  to  Mr  Brereton  and  Mr.  Gryffith  their  chaplayncs 
and  minstralles  Item  youe  shall  content  and  paye  curry  man 
a  monethes  wages  beforhande  at  the  taking  ship  or  litle  before 
the  same  For  the  Furniture  wherof  yf  youe  shall  waunte 
money  the  king^r  maiesties  pleasure  is  that  you  shall  defaulte 
so  moche  of  the  two  thowsand  poundes  to  be  dealyurrrd  to 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  237 

Mr  Brabazon  as  youe  shall  neade  and  endcnt  \\i\Jt  hym  for 
the  rest  that  shall  remayne  They  shall  haue  sufficient  furniture 
sent  after  Thus  prayeing  youe  to  vse  all  thacceleracyon  youe 
canne  possible  in  the  transportac/on  of  tharmey  which  the 
king«  Ma/V-jtie  moche  deasireth  Fare  youe  hertlie  well  From 
London  the  xili^  of  Octobre 

Youre  loving  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
Add.  To  myne  assured  loving  frende  Mr.  Pagett  Esquier 


322.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O,  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  347.     Oct.  18  (1539). 

Directs  him  to  have  the  house  called  the  Exchequer  repaired.  The 
streets  around  it  are  to  be  examined  with  a  view  to  paving  them,  and 
the  whole  town  is  to  be  kept  clean  and  in  order. 

After  my  righte  hartie  comwendacions  to  your  Lordship 
Thise  shalbe  tadu^rtise  you  that  for  certain  purposes  the 
specialties  wherof  you  shal  further  knowe  herafter  The  king^r 
Mantes  pleasure  is  that  you  shal  vieu  his  graces  howse  there 
called  Thexchequier  that  wtt/i  all  diligence  all  things  therin 
necessarie  to  be  amendyd  may  be  indelayedly  repayryd,  For 
the  whiche  purpose  I  haue  by  his  graces  comw/aundement 
writen  also  to  his  highnes  surveyo//r  there,  who  by  your 
advise  shall  sett  in  hande  withe  the  same.  Furthermore  his 
Ma/rjte  woolde  that  you  shuld  cause  the  stretes  and  Lanes 
there  to  be  vieued  for  the  pavements  and  where  any  defaulte 
is  to  give  comw/aundement  to  those  whiche  shulde  repayre 
the  same  to  see  it  imwediatly  amended,  endevoring  yonr- 
selfes  to  put  all  other  things  w*t/rin  the  said  towne  in  the 
most  honest  and  clenely  ordre  you  canne  devise  Wherein  you 
shall  administre  to  his  MazVjte  very  thankfull  pleasure  And 
thus  Fare  you  hartely  well  From  London  the  xviijth  of 
October 

Your  good  lordshippis 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lord  The  Visconte  Lisle  lord  deputie 
of  the  king^r  Towne  and  marches  of  Calais  And  to  my  loving 
freendtt  the  rest  of  his  graa\r  .  .  .  ther 

Endd.  Consmiyng  the  fornyture  of  the  Kinges  Exchequer 


238  LETTERS   OF  [1539 


323.  CROMWELL  TO  DR.  WOTTON. 

Townclcy  MSS.  (Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report,  iv.  App.  412);    Cal.  xiv. 
(ii)394.    Oct.  26  (1539). 

Directions  for  negotiations  with  the   Duke  of  Cleves.    Wotton  is  to 
endeavour  in  every  way  to  increase  the  amity  with  England. 

Mr.  Wotton.  after  my  ryghtc  hartie  commcndacions,  by  this 
berer,  you  shall  receyve  the  King's  highnes  Ifltres  conteyning 
his  graces  most  gentle  and  princely  affection  towards  the 
Duke  of  Cleves  withe  his  graces  divise  for  thencrease  of  their 
amytie,  whiche  his  highnes  doubtcth  not  but  you  woll  so  dis- 
creatly  handel  and  set  furthe  as  the  same  shall  take  effect, 
wherein,  I  assure  you,  you  shall  do  the  thing  that  shalbc 
muche  to  his  maua*  contentacion,  and  consequently,  not 
a  lyttell  to  your  owne  cow/moditie,  whiche  shall  be  the 
ministre  in  so  good  and  acceptable  service.  And  in  any  wise 
handle  the  matter  soo  that  you  may  have  commission  of  the 
Duke  at  your  first  accesse  after  the  receipt  hereof,  to  write, 
at  the  least,  yourself,  thoughe  he  woll  not,  to  the  Kyng's  mat', 
that  he  taketh  his  graces  most  kynde  offer  in  most  thankful! 
parte,  and  that  his  sute  and  desire  is  that  it  may  please  his 
highnes  to  precede  according  to  his  most  lovyng  and  freendly 
dyvise,  gyving  advertisement  therof  withe  all  possible  dili- 
gence, and  yet  tempering  the  compassing  of  this  purpose,  so 
as  they  gather  none  occasion  to  thinke  that  this  off  re  im- 
plyeth  any  other  purpose  thenne  is  expressed,  for  that  myghte 
cause  them  to  take  the  same  in  lesse  thankfull  parte  than  it 
is  worthie.  I  have  directyd  my  Icttres  of  congratulacion  to 
my  ladie  Anne's  grace,  whereby  I  do  exhorte  her  to  the 
nurrishment  of  the  amytie  bitweyn  these  princes  to  the  greate 
honor,  both  of  the  King's  mat*,  his  oune,  and  to  the  assurance 
of  them  and  of  their  ysseu  and  posteritie.  The  particular 
declarations  of  suche  things  as  she  shulde  employe  hirsclf 
and  hir  mother,  the  duchesse,  to,  I  doo  rcferre  your  declarations 
to  be  temprcd  by  the  king's  instructions  conteynyd  in  his 
graces  Ifttres  vnto  you.  I  write  myn  other  l///rcs  to  the 
Chauncelor  Olesleger,  tending  to  the  furtherance  of  suchc 
things  as  you  shall  purpose.  I  praye  you  withe  my  righte 
hartie  and  due  commcndacions  to  delyver  my  1/7/res,  and 
further  to  doo  therin  as  your  saide  instructions  and  discrca- 
tion  theruppon  shall  thinke  most  conveneynt.  I  doubte  not 
but  you  wooll  so  set  fourthe  the  King's  ma**  presents  with 
goode  and  modest  woords,  as  the  same  shalbc  by  your  dis- 
crccion  the  more  acceptable.  I  assure  you  they  shalbe  both 


1539]  THOMAS    CROMWELL  239 

riche  and  princeley.      Thus  moost  hartcley  fare   you  well. 
From  London  the  xxvith  daye  of  October. 

Your  assuryd  Freende, 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  very  lovyng  and  assuryd  Friend  Mr.  Doctowr 
Wotten,  the  Kings  Ambassador  in  the  parties  of  Germany. 
Endd.  Recrywd  ultima.  Octobr. 

324.  CROMWELL  TO  DR.  WOTTON. 

Towneley  MSS.  (Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report,  iv.  App.  413);    Cal.  xiv. 

(ii)  480.    Nov.  8  (1539). 
Desires  him  to  obtain  for  the  bearer  an  answer  from  the  Duke  of  Cleves 

concerning  the  ratification  of  the  marriage,  and  other  matters  of 

importance. 

Mr.  Wotton  after  my  right  harty  cowmendacions  these 
shalbe  to  advertise  you  that  the  Kings  Highnes  and  the  lords 
of  his  Majesties  counsail  doo  not  a  lytle  muse  and  mervayl 
that  his  highnes  sithens  the  departure  of  the  orators  of  Cleves 
and  Saxehath,  neither  from  you  nor  from  the  Duke  of  Cleves, 
ne  from  any  of  the  said,  receyved  any  maner  of  lr//res  or 
advertisement  specially  considering  the  greate  charge  sithens 
that  tymc  gevin  vnto  you  to  wryte,  at  the  least,  how  they 
toke  then  the  conclusion  of  the  mariage,  though  you  should 
have  no  maner  other  occurrents  to  signifie.  And  nowe  the 
tyme  of  the  ratification  approchethe,  and  also  certain  other 
thyngs  of  importaunce  daylly  occurring,  hath  moved  his 
highnes  the  more  to  mervayl  at  this  your  long  protracted 
silence.  For  his  satisfaction  wherein  his  grace  hath  dispeched 
vnto  you  this  berer,  his  servaunt,  whom  his  pleasure  is 
you  shall  present  to  the  said  Duke,  whither  you  shall 
have  written  before  his  arryval  or  no,  to  thintent,  in  either 
case,  making  his  matie*  most  hertye  commendations  to  the 
forsaid  Duke,  he  may  to  the  same  intimate  the  cause  of 
his  commyng,  and  so  know  what  answere  or  service  he  will 
commaund  hym,  and  so  with  all  possible  diligence  rep[ortj 
his  majestic  accordingly.  In  the  rest  tuching  the  King's 
matie*  good  and  prosperous  health,  and  all  other  newes  here, 
you  shall  geve  firme  credyt  to  this  said  berer,  who  canne  at 
length  explain  and  declare  the  same.  Thus  fare  you  herty 
well.  From  London,  the  viij  of  November. 

Your  assuryd  Friend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  assuryd  loving  Freende  Maister  Wotton. 
Endd.  Recryzvd  19  November. 


240  LETTERS   OF 

3-5.  CROMWELL  TO  (THE  FELLOWS  OF  BALLIOL 
COLLEGE)  '. 

Archives  of  Balliol  College.    Not  in  Cal.    Nov.  22  (1539). 

Ratification  of  the  election  of  Dr.  Cootes  to  the  Mastership  of  Balliol 
College.    Cf.  Letter  326. 

After  my  hartye  cowme«datyons  Wheras  by  my  last  letters 
addressyd  vnto  youe  I  gave  youe  in  cowmawndrment  in  ///e 
kyng«  maiestyes  name  that  fonvyth  apon  ///e  rccepte  therof 
without  anye further cytatyons  delayes  or  ot/ur  like  solcmpny- 
tyes  of  ///e  Lawe  and  not  wythstondyng  thabscncc  of  anye 
of  yo//r  cuwpanye  so  that  ///e  more  part  were  present  youe 
shold  precede  to  thelectyon  of  a  convenient  Master  of  yowr 
Howse  then  vacant  and  tlutt  of  yo«r  electyon  so  beyng  made 
wythowt  any  parcyalyte  or  corruptyon  youe  shold  inco«- 
tyne/zt  certyfye  me  to  thend  ///e  same  myght  be  ratyfyed 
&  cowfyrmyd  as  shold  apparteignr  &  forasmuch  as  accordyng 
to  Me  tenor  &  effecte  of  Me  same  youe  haue  assemblyd  yo;/r 
selfrj  togyther  vppon  good  delyberatyon  &  advyse  takyn 
theryn  haue  electyd  &  chosyn  my  frend  Doctor  Cotts  to  be 
Master  of  your  howse  lyke  as  bye  yowr  prwrntatyon  sealyd 
wit//  yowr  cowmyn  scale  I  am  adcertaynyd  These  shalbe  to 
sygnyfye  vnto  youe  &  every  of  youe  that  I  haue  prrvsyd 
&  examynyd  the  same  &  everye  circwmstance  therof  &  do 
cow/mend  &  allowe  yo«r  good  pr^cedinges  therin  &  haue 
confirmyd  ratyfyed  &  approvyd  your  sayd  electyon  by 
thauctoryte  cowmytted  vnto  me  bye  ///e  kyngw  hyghnesse 
yn  that  Behalf  wyllyng  &  cowmawndyng  youe  bye  thys 
presences  that  youe  &  every  of  youe  shal  from  hens  forth 
repute  accepte  &  take  Me  sayd  doctor  Coifs  as  Me  verye 
ryghtfull  &  iuste  master  of  yo//r  howse  vsyng  your  selfa 
towards  hym  yn  everye  condytyon  wit//  suche  dewtye  & 
obedyence  as  to  Me  same  offyce  doth  appartayne  as  youe 
&  every  of  youe  tendre  Me  kyngrj  hyghnes  pleasure  Thus 
fare  youe  hartylye  well  From  London  the  XXIIth  day  of 
November 

Yo//r  Lovyng  Frend 

THOMAS  CRU^AVELL 


1  Quoted  in  a  Latin  document,  confirming  the  admission  of  Dr.  Cootes 
as  Master  of  BallioL 


I539T  THOMAS   CROMWELL  241 

826.   (CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  BISHOP  OF  LINCOLN). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  543  (ii).    (Nov.  1539.) 

Asks  him  to  absolve  the  parish  priest  of  Horncastle,  whose  fault  is  due 
to  ignorance  rather  than  malice.  Requests  him  to  accept  Dr.  Cootes 
as  Master  of  Balliol  College.  Cf.  Letter  325. 

Aftre  my  herte  cowmendaabns  vnto  your  lordshipp  wheras 
the  late  parishe  prest  of  Hornecastell  vppon  preaching  rashely 
and  incenserely  the  worde  of  god  otherwaies  then  did  becom 
him  to  do  certayn  of  the  people  gretely  offended  and  dyd 
accuse  hym  before  your  Chauncelor  and  forasmoche  as  he 
being  examined  vppon-  the  same  &  chardget  to  make  hys 
aunswer  t/iervnto  at  a  certeyn  day  vnto  hym  prescribed  hathe 
departed  without  licence  and  for  his  continuaciow  at  th\s 
present  for  same  dothe  stand  excommunicate  I  -with  diligence 
examinyng  ///e  sayd  mater  &  perceuy«g  the  same  more  to 
haue  preceded  of  simplicite  and  Ignorance  than  of  any  malice 
or  arrogancie  And  that  the  man  is  repentant  tkerol  haue 
taken  suche  order  therin  as  shuld  apprrtein  or  be  he  suffic  .  .  . 

your  lordshipp  at  ///is  my  request  to  absolve  or 

cause  to  be  absolved  parte  from  the  same  excowwwnicaczbn. 
Trusting  eftsones  that  he  wilbe  well  advised  before  he  take 
any  suche  enterpr/ce  so  temprariously  vppon  hande.  And 
further  as  consuming  your  letteres  toching  the  mastership  of 
bailif  Collegge  I  shall  also  right  hertelie  desire  and  praye 
your  lordshipp  to  accept  doctour  Cooties  vnto  the  same 
trusting  that  he  will  order  himself  herafter  as  besemes  any 
honest  man  to  do.  And  in  case  he  shall  transgresse  the 
Laudable  ordinance?  of  the  said  house  or  otherwais  order 
the  same  than  doth  app^rtein  to  his  office  &  dewtie  as 
I  trust  he  will  not  thenne  I  shall  not  onelye  desire  your 
lordshipp  for  his  disamenowr  to  expulse  and  eiecke  the  said 
Cootes  out  of  the  said  house  but  also  I  shalbe  redie  and  glade 
to  assist  your  lordshipp  at  all  times  to  the.  same  accordingly. 
Thus  the  hole  gost  haue  you  yn  his  custodie 

327.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  ALEXANDER  RATCLIFF,  SHERIFF 
OF  CHESHIRE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  626.    Dec.  2  (1539). 

KatclitT  is  to  examine  the  truth  of  the  complaint  of  Elizabeth  Blundell 
against  John  Glegg.  If  the  woman  has  been  wrongfully  expelled 
from  her  house,  she  is  to  be  restored. 

Aftre  my  harty  commendations  Forasmoch  as  a  bill  of 
complainte  was  Latlye  exhibited  vnto  the  kinges  Majestic  and 
his  mooste  honorable  Counsaile  on  the  behalf  of  Elizabethe 

MERRIMAN.     II  R 


242  LETTERS  OF  [1559 

Blundcll  Wief  of  William  Blundcll  of  that  countic  of  Chcstre 
agcnst  on  John  Glegge  of  the  same  Countie  that  the  said 
Glegge  hathe  wroungefully  expulscd  the  said  Elizabeth  From 
her  house  her  said  husbond  being  at  this  present  in  his  grac/j 
s/ruice  in  Ireland,  the  discourse  wherof  ye  shal  more  playnely 
perceive  by  the  contents  of  the  said  bill  Whiche  ye  shall 
receive  herin  closed.  His  highnes  pleasor  and  co;//maunde- 
ment  is  that  ye  Immediatly  vpon  the  sight  herof,  shall  call 
the  said  parties  before  youc,  and  here  and  examyn  the  said 
matter  w*tA  the  circuwstaunc^r  thervnto  belonging  And  find- 
ing the  premisses  treue  shall  se  the  pore  woman  restored  to 
her  said  house  wit^  thappwrtenawnces  She  to  peassablye  and 
quietlye  enioye  the  same  according  to  equitie  and  Justice. 
And  if  ye  perceive  the  said  Glegge  to  be  wayward  and 
obstinate  in  that  behalf,  His  said  highnes  pleasor  is  that  ye 
shall  aduertise  me  and  other  of  his  graces  counsell  here  to 
thintent  suche  forther  ordre  may  be  taken  therin  as  shall 
app^rtaine  Not  failing  herof  as  his  Ma^jtie  trustithe  youe, 
Thus  fare  ye  hartely  well  From  London  the  ij6*  day  of 
December. 

Your  louyng  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  Lovinge  Freend  sir  Alexandre  Ratcliff  knight 
Shereff  of  Chesshyre. 

328.  CROMWELL  TO  MONTMORENCY. 

Ribier,  i.  493 ;  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  655.    Dec  9,  1539. 

As  the  affair  of  M.  de  Rochepot  cannot  be  remitted  to  France  without 
prejudice  to  the  King's  honour,  Montmorency  should  urge  his  brother 
to  pursue  his  right  by  the  means  the  King  offers.  Cf.  Letters,  316, 
317,351. 

Monseigneur,  a  present  que  la  Majestc  du  Roy  d'Angleterre 
mon  souuerain  Seigneur  &  Maistre  addresse  ces  lettres  au 
Roy  Tres-Chrestien  son  bon  Frere,  touchant  le  renuoy  du 
procez  que  les  Esterlins  de  la  Ligue  de  la  haute  Germaniquc 
ont  pardeca  a  1'encontrc  du  Sr.  de  Beaucourt,  se  nommant 
Capitaine  sous  Monseigneur  de  la  Rochepot  vostre  Frere ; 
dont  Monsieur  de  Marillac,  son  Ambassadcur  resident  parde9a, 
a  fait  si  grande  presse  &  instance,  Considerant  d'un  cost£  la 
bonne  inclination  que  ledit  Sr.  Roy  mon  Seigneur  a,  tant 
de  gratificr  au  Roy  sondit  bon  frere  en  tout  ce  qu'il  pouroit 
raisonnablement  auec  son  honncur,  qu'aussi  de  vous  auoir 
satisfait  en  cct  affaire,  si  le  cas  &  raison  le  vouloient  per- 
mettre :  &  d'autre  coste*  que  vous  qui  estes  personne  si  Noble 
&  d'honneur,  qu'estant  bien  aduerty  de  la  verite"  du  cas,  vous 


1539]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  243 

ne  voudriez  pas  presser  pour  importuner  vn  tel  Prince  de 
faire  chose  qu'il  apergoit  ne  luy  deuoir  estre  honorable,  & 
que  vous  mesme  en  tel  cas  voudriez  meurement  deliberer  pour 
digerer  vn  tel  affaire :  Pour  autant  que  par  les  aduis  & 
opinions  des  plus  doctes,  plus  sages  &  grands  zelatcurs  de 
Justice,  sans  aucune  partiale  affection,  il  est  resolu  &  conclu 
que  sa  Majeste",  sauf  son  honneur  &  conscience  ne  pouroit  faire 
ledit  renuoy ;  il  ma  sembte  bon  comme  homme  qui  ne  suis 
que  ministre,  &  souhaite  que  chacun  peut  recouurir  son  droict 
par  Justice  &  raisonnables  moyens  de  vous  signifier  mon  aduis, 
comme  au  pareil  cas  i'aurois  le  vostre  tres-acceptable  ;  c'est 
que  mondit  Seigneur  vostre  Frere  pour  le  moins  se  contente 
&  conteste  de  poursuiure  le  droit  qu'il  pretend  par  tel  bon, 
indifferent  &  honeste  moyen  comme  le  Sr.  Roy  a  fait  offrir, 
auquel  cas  il  ne  doit  douter  qu'il  aura  son  droit  gard6  auec 
bonne  &  br^ue  expedition  ;  a  quoy  pour  ma  part  ie  tiendray 
volontiers  la  main,  &  pour  luy  m'employeray  a  mon  pouuoir. 
Ie  vous  prie  de  prendre  mon  aduis  &  bon  zele  en  acceptable 
part,  comme  il  ne  procede  que  du  bon  vouloir  que  ie  porte 
a  I'amiti^  desdits  Sieurs  Roys  nos  Seigneurs  &  a  vous,  &  ceux 
qui  1'entretiennent.  Monseigneur,  aprds  m'estre  tres-affec- 
tueusement  recommande',  ie  supplie  nostre  Createur  vous 
donner  prosperity  &  longue  vie.  De  Londres,  ce  9.  de 
Decembre  1539. 

Vostre  bon  &  asseure*  Amy. 

THOMAS  CRAMVEL. 
329.  (CROMWELL)  TO  (THE  EARL  OF  SOUTHAMPTON). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  726.    (Dec.  1539.) 

The  King  takes  the  delay  of  Anne  of  Cleves  in  good  part.     Instructions 
concerning  the  treatment  of  seditious  priests. 

My  very  good  lorde  vftt/i  my  most  harty  and  effectuel 
cowmendac/bns  having  the  K.inges  Ma^te  seen  and  paused 
your  Lr//rres  of  the  xxith  of  this  present  whiche  arryved  here 
this  after  none,  his  highnes  hath  commanded  me  for  answer 
to  the  first  parte  of  the  same  to  signifie  that  Albeit  his  grace 
dothe  very  moche  desire  the  good  arryval  of  my  ladyes  grace 
of  your  lordship  and  the  rest  of  his  scruzntes  there  in 
Englande,  Yet  seing  the  wynde  dothe  let  and  steye  you 
therin,  his  highnes  taketh  your  demore  in  good  part  as 
reason  requireth  and  prayeth  you  hartely  soe  to  chere  my 
lady  and  her  trayne  as  they  may  think  the  tyme  as  short  as 
the  tediousnes  of  it  woll  suffer.  For  the  seconde  p^rte 
touching  the  prestes  his  grace  wold  you  shold  cause  them 

R  a 


244  LI.TTERS  OF  [1540 

bothe  to  be  executed  if  the  lawes  and  Justice  woll  condempnc 
them  bothe  And  if  not  thenne  to  precede  to  thexecution  of 
Richardson  and  to  awarde  suche  punishment  to  thothcr  for 
the  concclemcnt  as  your  wisedom  shal  thinke  expedient  for 
thcxemple  of  others.  His  Ma/nte  wold  neither  make  store 
of  them  ne  bestowe  a  two  penys  for  thrir  co«veyance  hither, 
vnles  you  shal  see  farther  cause  thenne  is  yet  apparant 
not  doubting  but  your  good  lordship  woll  cause  them  to 
be  substancially  examyned  befor  thexecution.  I  trust  there 
be  no  more  there  of  this  ranke  sorte,  a  fewe  of  thise 
might  brede  as  greate  a  sedition  as  was  somoche  writen  of. 
This  daye  his  Mawvrte  removed  to  Grenwich  and  there 
begyneth  to  entre  his  newe  ordre  and  among«  the  rest  as 
many  of  the  gentlemen  penc/oners  as  be  here  give  their 
attendance  vtitA  their  Axes  vppon  him.  Our  lorde  sende  his 
Ma^rte  long  lief  and  good  health  to  enioye  his  most  noble 
Diuises  in  their  best  perfection.  I  sende  your  lordship  again 
the  bill  of  Richardsons  hands  and  so  pray  god  to  sende  you 
wttA  al  yowr  charge  health  and  a  propice  and  mery  wynde 
to  bring  you  nerer  vnto  vs.  From  London  the 

330.   (CROMWELL)  TO  SIR  THOMAS  WHARTON. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  16.    <Jan.  3,  1540.) 

Directs  him  to  deliver  up  to  the,  Scottish  officers  the  arrant  traitor, 
Alexander  Bell,  and  to  report  his  own  proceedings  to  the  King. 

Mr.  Wharton  After  my  right  harty  co;;/mcndac/ons  having 
receyved  your  \etteres l  addressed  to  me  by  this  berer  togither 
wz't//  suche  other  writings  as  wer  inclosed  in  the  same,  I  haue 
declared  the  hole  effectrj  therof  to  the  Kingrr  Ma/Vjtc  who 
bothe  for  your  discreate  handeling  of  his  Aflairrj  and  for  your 
gelding  giveth  vnto  you  his  right  harty  thankvj  And  where 
it  appereth  by  the  Ittteres  of  the  lorde  Maxwell  that  the  King 
of  Scotter  is  moche  desirous  to  haue  delyurrance  made  of 
oon*  Alexander  Bell  his  traifcwr  Albeit  your  \fttfres  declare 
that  thofficers  of  Scotland  haue  not  in  the  same  pointc 
cndeuored  themselft-j  sowel  to  satisfic  the  leiges  and  treaties 
as  were  convenient  Yet  considering  that  It  is  but  an  yvel 
store  of  a  traictowr  And  that  it  shalbc  his  honowr  rather  for 
his  parte  to  satisfic  his  said  treaties  according  to  reason, 
thenne  to  cowmyt  the  same  faulte  wherof  his  grace  might 
note  others  and  therby  chardge  them  bothe  in  honour  and 
dieutie  his  highnes  hathc  resolved  that  you  shal  in  any  wise 
make  dclyuerance  of  the  said  Bell  though  they  shal  not  as 

1  c.  o.  of  the  xixth  of  December 


J540J  THOMAS   CROMWELL  245 

of  reason  they  ought  doo  the  semblable,  pressing  them  neiur- 
thcles  in  that  case  after  a  gentle  sorte  to  haue  regarde  bothe 
to  their  leages  and  treaties  and  also  to  the  iust  preceding  of 
his  highnes  wherby  they  well  prrceyve  his  zeale  and  deter- 
mynac/on  towards  Justice  and  the  augmentac/on  of  thamytie 
whiche  very  nature  beside  all  other  respecter  enforceth  and 
desircth  to  haue  nurished  betvvene  his  highnes  and  his  good 
Neighbor  and  Nephieti  And  howe  you  shal  precede  and 
doo  herin  his  grace  wold  gladly  knowe  whenne  you  shal  may 
conveniently  and  also  of  thanswer  whiche  shalbe  made  to 
your  cousin  Sandeforde  accordingly.  Thus 


331.   CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  35.    Jan.  7(1540). 

Requests  him  to  report  more  fully  concerning  the  Porter,  but  to  keep  the 
matter  secret. 

After  my  right  harty  co;«mendac*bns  to  your  lordship 
Where  sending  of  Late  vnto  me  your  \etterzs  w/'t//  a  discours 
of  suche  Newes  as  youe  hadde  thenne  receyved  out  of  Fraunce, 
amongfs  other  things  you  wrote  of  a  point  conteyned  in  the 
same  whiche  shuld  touche  the  porter  there  whose  truth 
neurrtheles  you  doo  freendely  mayntain  as  I  knowe  not  the 
contrary  but  you  may  soo  doo  for  anything  that  is  there 
writen  to  the  defacement  of  the  same  Neu^rtheles  It  is 
thought  necessary  that  your  Lordship  shuld  more  fully  bothe 
signifie  the  wordes  wherin  you  think  him  touched,  the 
groundes  wheruppon  you  doo  note  them  to  grate  vppon 
him,  what  your  opinion  is  vppon  the  same,  and  howe  many 
haue  been  made  privy  either  to  the  said  Newes  or  to  your 
adurrtisement,  which  things  as  the  king^r  highnes  desirethe 
you  to  write  wit/*  al  diligence,  Soo  his  pleasure  is  that  you 
shal  kepe  this  aduise  secret,  not  sparing  to  signifie  the 
trouthe  in  all  things  according  to  his  MaiVjtes  expectaczbn 
and  the  trust  reposed  in  you.  Thus  Fare  you  hartely  well 
From  Grenwiche  the  vijth  of  January 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.  To  my  very  good  Lorde  The  Visconte  Lisle  The 
binges  depute  of  his  gracrj  Town  and  marches  of  Calais. 

Endd.  My  \ordfs  preuy  seals  letter  wit/i  my  LoroVj 
Aunswer  therto 


~'ir,  LETTERS  OF  [1540 

832.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  THOMAS  JORDAN  OF  REDBURN. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  90.    Jan.  21  (1540). 

The  King  wishes  him  to  resort  to  Cromwell  at  London  at  once,  upon  the 
receipt  of  this  letter. 

I  commend  me  vnto  yow,  aduertising  you  thatt  the  kinges 
highnes  pleasure  and  commawndment  is  thatt  for  certayne 
causes  whiche  att  yowr  corny ng  shall  more  largely  be  openyd 
vnto  yow  ye  immediatly  vppon  the  recept  of  thes  my  letters 
resorte  to  london  to  me  all  excuses  settaparte  nott  fayling 
this  to  doo  as  ye  tender  his  graces  pleasure  and  intende  to 
avoyd  the  pmll  thatt  might  otherwise  ensue  to  yow  for  the 
contrary  From  london  the  xxi*  of  Januarye. 

Yowr  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 
Endd.    January  xxi° 

Add.    To  Sir  Thomas  Jurdan  of  Rcdburn. 

333.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  LISLE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  io&    Jan.  26,  1540. 

Concerning  the  defences  and  provisioning  of  Calais.  Urges  Lisle  and 
the  officers  of  the  town  to  be  vigilant,  although  no  immediate  danger 
is  anticipated. 

After  my  right  herty  and  most  affectuouse  commendations 
to  your  Lordship  Thies  shalbe  to  signifie  vnto  thesami  the 
receipte  of  sundry  yowr  \ttteres  and  thenv/t^  the  boke  of  muni- 
abns  and  furnytures  And  also  suche  newes  as  ye  have  writen 
vnto  me,  Whereof  I  have  aduertised  the  K'mgfs  Maitste  whose 
graciouse  pleasure'  is  that  w/t/t  all  celerite  ther  shalbe  prouision 
of  wood  sent  from  hens  thither  For  the  whiche  propose  and  to 
have  the  oversight  and  expedition  thereof  if  ye  will  scnde 
sonv  acteve  prrson  of  his  grac^j  Retynue  therr  he  shall  see 
afor  his  departure  suche  store  thereof  to  be  transported  as 
shalbe  requisite  And  his  highnes  willeth  that  ye  and  all  other 
there  eurry  man  for  his  office  Rowme  and  part,  shalbe  so 
vigilant  and  also  in  so  good  ordrc  as  it  apprrteyneth  and  as 
the  statut/j  of  the  same  do  Require.  And  albeit  his  Maicste 
pirceyveth  no  present  nor  Imminent  Danger  to  that  town,  and 
thinketh  that  no  prince  wold  break  the  treaties  so  ferre  as  to 
Invade  or  attempt  in  dede  anything  agenst  the  same,  yet 
nevertheles  forasmoche  as  it  is  better  to  prevente  then  to  be 
prevented  and  to  forsec  that  the  worst  may  be  provided  for, 
his  gractt  pleas///?  is  that  it  shalbe  diligently  forseen  ther,  Not 


1540]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  247 

onely  that  vnder  the  colour  and  habite  of  paysanter  and 
market  folkw  ther  entre  not  in  that  Town  by  litel  and  litel 
a  multitude  of  men  of  werre  desguysed  for  to  surprise  the 
sami,  but  also  that  in  the  carter  and  carres  comyng  into  the 
same  ladyn  with  hey  strawe  wood  or  suche  other  there  be  not 
brought  in  weapen  or  other  things  conveyed  in  secretely  hydd 
in  the  same  to  the  disavawtage  of  the  Town  My  lord  seen 
that  your  lordship  hath  the  chief  charge  and  is  put  in  the 
highest  trust  there  above  all  other,  ye  ought  likewise  to  be  the 
more  vigilant  and  actif  and  tymely  to  forsee  and  cause  that 
such  pr0uisions  of  wyn  and  other  as  may  be  gotten  there 
wz't^oute  bruyt  or  "Rumour  as  therby  your  good  pr^uision 
and  Industrie  the  Towne  may  be  so  furnished  and  in  that  good 
suretie  that  his  Matties  good  expectacion  of  you  doth  loke 
for,  And  of  suche  pnuision  that  is  witA'm  the  pale  and 
marches  of  thesaid  Town  it  wer  well  don*  ye  shuld  cause 
wrtAoute  any  Rumowr  or  bruyt  asmoch  thereof  as  wer  mete 
to  be  brought  into  the  town  for  the  savegarde  therof  and  the 
better  furnisheme«t  of  thesanv.  Thus  Fare  ye  right  hertely 
well  From  London  this  xxvjth  of  January. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.   To  my  very  good  lorde  the  visconte  lisle  deputie  of 
the  kingrj  Towne  and  marches  of  Calais. 

Endd.    January  1539,   my  lord   prz'vey   scale   concernyng 
woode  and  other  furnitur. 


334.  (CROMWELL)  TO  THE  LORD  (PRESIDENT  OF  THE 

NORTH). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  166  (ii).    (Jan.  or  Feb.  1540.) 

Desires  him  to  examine  the  matter  in  dispute  between  Thomas  Grayme 
and  John  Blacket,  concerning  the  vicarage  of  Ilderton  in  Northum- 
berland. 

After  my  herte  comendaczbns  vnto  your  lordeshipp,  The 
same  shall  vnderstand  where  as  informaabn  is  made  vnto  the 
king^r  ma/V^te  and  his  most  honourable  counseill  that  albeit 
one  sir  John  Blacket  was  presented  by  force  of  a  certew 
vowson  gevew  out  of  the  late  surendered  monastery  of  Kirkham 
in  the  Comitatu  of  Yorke  vnto  the  vicaredge  of  Ilderton  in  the 
Comitatit  of  Northumberland  znd  vppow  the  same  presentation 
was  institute  in  the  same  yet  one  sir  Thomas  Grayme  prest 
hauing  no  lawfull  tytle  ihervnto  dothe  vexe  molest  and 


248  LETTERS   OF  [i-,4o 

disturbs  the  said  blakkct  in  suchc  sorte  as  he  can  not  quietlic 
cnyoyc  the  same  but  is  enforced  to  sue  vnto  hys  ma/V-jtie  for 
redrew,  his  maiV\rtes  plcaswrr  and  commandcmewt  is  that  ye 
and  other  of  his  grace  counseill  (in)  these  parties  shall  wi'tA 
convenient  celeryte  vppon  the  recept  hereof  call  the  said 
Blakket  and  grayme  before  you  and  here  and  cxaw/inc  the  said 
mater  wit//  the  circu/wsta^c^J  thervnto  belonging,  and  trie  and 
investigate  bothc  there  titles  and  sortt  suchc  for  all  ordre  and 
direction  therein  as  to  iustice  and  equitie  shall  appfrtene,  so 
that  his  ma/Vjte  here  wit//  his  most  honourable  conseill  may 
be  no  further  molested  ther.  and  in  case  thorow  thobstinancc 
of  either  of  the  said  parties  ye  can  not  so  do  then  his  highnes 
pleswr  is  that  ye  shall  adurrtise  me  of  the  hole  mater  how 
///e  same  in  euery  poynt  dothe  stand  to  thintent  that  suche 
further  directions  may  be  taken  therin  as  shall  appertene. 
Thus  Fare  your  Lordship  hartelie  well. 


335.  CROMWELL  TO  LORD  HUNGERFORD  l. 

Longford  Castle  MSS  ;  Cal.  xv.  18$.     Feb.  9  (1540). 

Desires  him  to  examine  the  matter  in  dispute  concerning  the  late  Priory 
of  Henton,  and  to  report  to  Cromwell    Cf.  Letter  341. 

Thies  be  for  asmoche  as  the  Kinges  Majestic  hat  he  ben 
enformed  that  certaine  lycences  foundacions  and  other  wry- 
tynges  belongyng  unto  the  late  priory  of  Charterhous  Henton 
and  graunted  by  Thomas  Horton  Clothier  and  other  hathe 
ben  ymbeysted  and  conveyd  away  by  certaine  persons.  The 
Kinges  Majesties  pleasure  is  that  ye  calling  Dame  Mary 
Horton  Wydow,  Thomas  Horton,  William  Byrde  clerke 
Richard  Davis  and  Sir  William  Furbcr  clerke  before  you  shall 
examine  therin  and  every  of  theym  by  vertue  of  an  othc  to  be 
admynestred  to  theym  by  you  of  and  uppon  the  premysses 
with  the  circumstaunces  therof  by  all  the  wayes  and  meanes 
ye  can  or  may  excogitate  and  devise  and  to  advertise  me  of 
that  ye  shall  fynd  and  knowe  therin  with  all  convenyent  spede 
to  thentent  I  may  cause  suche  order  and  direction  to  be  had 
and  taken  in  that  behalfc  as  the  case  shall  requyre.  Faile  ye 
not  thus  to  do  as  the  Kinges  trust  and  expcctacion  ys 
in  you. 

London,  9  Feb. 

Signed.    Add. 

1  From  the  official  Record  Office  transcript. 


i54o]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  249 

336.   CROMWELL  TO  LORD  STOURTON. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  252  (i).     Feb.  23  (1540). 

Desires  him  to  lease  his  share  of  the  mill  at  Yewill  to  John  Compton  for 
forty  years,  at  the  usual  rent. 

Aftre  my  right  hartie  commendation  to  your  Lordshyp 
Whereas  I  am  informyd  that  one  John  Compton  of  Yewill 
haith  in  cow/p^rcenere  wit/i  you  a  mylne  and  there  of  takyth 
the  moitie  of  the  profetrs  and  commodities  to  the  same 
belongyng  and  for  as  moche  as  the  said  John  is  dwelling  and 
abidyng  nyghe  vnto  the  same  myll  and  your  Lordshyp  fer 
from  the  vse  and  commoditie  there  of,  cowtentid  to  receue  the 
rent  of  the  one  halfe,  I  shall  desyer  you  at  the  co;/templaczbn 
of  these  my  letters  to  grant  vnto  the  said  John  Compton 
thoccupacion  of  your  moietie  of  the  said  myll  by  Leasse  for 
terme  of  XL  yeres,  or  so  many  as  ye  can  fynd  in  your  hart  to 
bestow  of  hym  cowueniently  at  this  my  request  pay/«g  there- 
fore yerly  so  moche  as  heretofore  it  hathe  been  accustomyd 
by  other  your  lordshypis  tenants  And  thus  ye  shall  so  do 
vnto  me  thankfull  p\esure  &  in  any  your  lordshypis  lawfull 
persutes  ye  shall  requyer  the  same  accordy;/gly.  And  thus 
Fayr  you  ryght  hartely  well.  Frome  Westmywstre  thys  xxiii 
of  February. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.  To  my  very  good  lord  my  Lord  Sturton  this  be 
delivered 

Endd.   "Lettcre  (of)  My  lord  Preevy  Scale  February  xxiii0 
337.  (CROMWELL)  TO  LORD . 


R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  252  (ii).    <Feb.  15,  1540). 

Draft  of  a  letter  concerning  the  examination  and  subsequent  treatment  of 
Richard  Smith. 

Aftre  my  right  hartie  comendaabns  vnto  yowr  lordship 
wheras  I  am  enformed  that  sir  "R\c/iard  Smithe  person  of 
Langom  in  the  contie  of  Pembroke  is  accused  and  laid  in 
prison  by  the  bailif  ther  for  certain  word^y  spokyn  sounding 
to  be  treson  against  the  King^r  maiestie  These  shalbe  to 
require  you  vrit/i  convenient  celeritie  (to)  send  as  well  for  the 
said  parson  as  other  his  accusers  and  vpon  examinaczbn  hade 
and  due  proves  and  the  said  Smithe  found  gyltye  therin  he  to 
remain  in  prison  to  suche  tyme  as  the  kingrj  further  plesor 
shalbe  known  therin,  and  in  case  his  said  accusers  can  make 


250  LETTERS   OF  [i-,40 

no  de\v  prove  of  the  same  that  then  l  he  finding  sufficicnte 
sureties  pfr  bondcs  for  his  apperance  at  all  tyws  when  he 
shalbe  called  for  by  the  kingrj  highnes  or  any  of  his  ho«<wr- 
able  consill  you  suffre  him  to  go  at  libertie 

338.  CROMWELL  TO  WALLOP. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  285.    Mar.  2(1540). 

Directions  for  his  conduct  at  the  French  Court.  He  is  to  follow  up  the 
advantages  gained  by  Norfolk,  and  to  do  his  utmost  to  assure 
Francis  of  Henry's  amity,  while  depreciating  the  sincerity  of  the 
Emperor.  Cf.  Letter  340. 

Mr.  Wallop  after  my  right  hartie  commendations  These 
shalbe  to  Signifye  that  the  K'mgcs  Maiestie  hathe  harde  the 
reaporte  and  relation  of  my  lorde  of  NorfiW£.  And  also  seen 
your  \cfteres  of  the  xxvij*11  daye  of  February e  wrytten  to  the 
same  conteynynge  suche  discourse  and  conference  as  sithcns 
his  departure  you  haue  had  viilh  the  qwene  of  Navarre,  And 
where  the  said  qwene  Seamethe  to  thinke  that  the  Frenche 
King  ys  soo  bent  [to]  growe  to  an  ende  w/'t//  Themp^rowr  as 
he  woll  in  no  wise  breke  \vi\Ji  the  same  onles  he  shuld  offre 
him  to  vnreasonable  condic/ons  The  K.inges  Maiesties  pleaswr* 
is  that  you  shall  take  occasion  to  speak  w/t//  the  said  quene 
and  that  you  shall  to  the  same  saye  as  vppon  adufrtisement 
receyved  from  my  lorde  of  NornW>t  vppon  the  significac/on 
of  yowr  last  conferens  w*t^  her  that  my  said  lorde  of  NorftW£ 
dothe  most  hertely  thanke  her  for  all  her  greate  gentlenes  and 
aduiseth  her  that  the  Kingrj  Maw\rte  taketh  and  reputeth  her 
as  his  most  perfyt  and  assured  frend  and  woll  not  fayle  soo  to 
impresse  the  state  of  her  things  on  his  graces  rememberance 
as  if  eurr  tyme  and  oportunyte  srrue  him  she  shall  well  prr- 
ceyve  that  his  grace  woll  not  put  this  her  good  aflecc/bn  and 
Frendshipp  towards  him  in  obliuion.  And  thoughe  Thcm- 
perottr  be  nowe  hieghe  and  maye  for  a  tyme  woorke  thingrj 
to  his  commodyte  yet  her  wisdom  knoweth  that  he  is  but 
a  man  and  a  mortall  as  other  be  yea  and  maye  pmrase  here- 
after euen  whenne  he  shall  think  himself  most  assured  of  his 
estate  and  highest  fynd  that  the  world  ys  but  slippery  and 
woll  suwtyme  haue  his  turnes  her  wisdom  must  take  patyens 
and  lyve  in  hope  till  tyme  shall  woorke  su;;/me  good  occasion 
to  her  cow/modyte.  And  as  for  his  hicghnes  porte  he  doth  in 
no  wise  Envye  the  emp^rowrs  felycyte,  But  his  grace  is  rather 
sorye  that  the  said  Emprrowr  scameth  to  haue  suche  an  appc- 
tytc  as  he  careth  not  whose  thingrj  he  haue,  or  howe  or  by 

1  Instrtfd  abcne  tht  lint :  ye  taking  sufficient  of  the  said  person 


1540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  251 

what  mcane  he  get  them  or  what  practises  he  vse  in  the  world 
so  [he]  may  haue  his  owne  will  and  desyres  which  ordynate 
mynde  is  to  be  consideryd  in  tyme  speaally  whenne  it  bringeth 
furth  w/'t/J  it  a  Fantazie  that  he  shuld  be  pereles  which  must 
neades  partely  appere  by  his  woord^  to  Mr  Wyat  thoughe 
they  be  neuer  soo  gently  interpretated.  This  onely  thing  you 
maye  saye  moueth  the  Kinges  Ma*V.rte  that  he  sethe  Them- 
peronr  grate  so  moche  vppon  his  good  brother  the  frenche 
king  and  to  take  so  moche  aduauntage  of  him  as  he  dothe, 
For  his  grace  well  seeth  that  the  taking  of  Millan  by  investi- 
ture is  not  onely  the  dyrect  and  open  waye  to  make  the  Duk 
of  Orleauns  "Thempcrours  vassall  and  Subgiet  and  soe  a  straun- 
ger  to  Fraunce,  but  also  the  very  meane  to  make  hereafter 
Dissentyon  betwcne  him  and  the  Dolphin  his  brother  or  at 
the  lest  to  engendre  busynes  betwene  theyr  posterities  and 
soo  consequently  greate  daunger  trouble  and  p^rill  to  the 
hole  Realme  of  Fraunce.  This  his  Mateste  well  noteth  and 
seing  twoo  Prince,  but  yet  of  twoo  dyu^rs  natures  thus 
traffiking  together  Lamenteth  to  see  his  dere  Frend  thus 
strayned  and  wrought  by  meanes  to  the  others  pleaswr*. 
And  this  point  his  grace  wold  also  you  shuld  touche  and 
inculcc  also  w/t//  the  Dolphin  as  your  Wisdom  shall  thinke 
convenient  whenne  tyme  and  good  occasion  shal  scrue  you. 
And  his  grace  desireth  youe  to  reasorte  nowe  and  thenne 
both  to  the  quene  of  Navarre  and  also  to  Madame  Destampes 
that  you  maye  the  Better  Lern  the  certaynte  of  thoccurrauntar. 
For  whose  names  you  shal  herein  enclosed  receyve  a  ciphre. 
Furthermore  his  Ma*V.rtes  pleasure  is  that  you  shal  tak  your 
oportunyte  for  accesse  to  the  Frenche  Kingly  owne  presence 
and  after  his  graces  most  hertie  commendations  wit/i  lyke 
thanks  for  thentier  Love  and  Zeale  which  by  the  relaczon  of 
my  lord  of  NornV£  yt  appereth  he  bereth  in  his  harte  to  his 
hieghnes  the  semblable  whereof  he  may  be  assured  to  fynde 
again  on  his  graovr  behalf  You  shal  saye  that  his  grace  hathe 
been  lately  enformed  that  whenne  Thempmwr  was  at  Parris 
he  shuld  make  a  request  for  ayde  to  be  ministred  vnto  him 
against  the  Duke  of  Gheldres  wherevnto  yt  shuld  be  aunswered 
by  the  Frenche  king  himself  that  onles  the  Kinges  Maieste 
shuld  assist  the  said  Duke  he  wold  geve  no  ayd  against  him. 
But  in  that  case  of  his  hieghnes  ayde  to  thone  he  wold  not 
fayle  tassist  and  ayde  thother.  And  albeit  his  Maiestie  cannot 
in  any  wise  thinke  that  the  frenche  king  wold  make  any  suche 
answere  or  determynac/on  Yet  his  hieghnes  thought  convenient 
bothe  most  hertely  to  desier  and  pray  him  to  signifye  frankly 
vnto  him  whether  any  suche  motion  and  answere  hathe  been 
in  dede  made,  and  also  to  adurrtise  him  that  if  his  h[ighnes] 


269 


LETTERS   OF 


mynded  any  suche  matycr  he  might  Justly  doo  yt  \v/t//out 
offence  of  the  Leages  and  treatyes  betwene  his  grace  and 
Thempmwr,  For  they  extend  no  Further  but  to  suche  things 
as  eyther  prince  had  thenne  in  theyr  possessions  at  the  making 
of  the  same  whereof  Ghelders  is  no  pore/on  Wherefore  lyke 
as  his  Maiestie  verely  trustcth  that  bothe  he  woll  forbeare  to 
geve  Themprrowr  any  suche  ayd  whatsoeucr  shuld  happen 
sper/ally  seing  yt  shuld  be  gevin  against  him  who  maye  prr- 
case  stande  himself  or  his  posteryte  hereafter  in  some  greate 
stcadc.  Even  so  he  woll  not  onely  adurrtise  him  the  playnes 
of  this  matier  But  also  Frendely  ponder  and  waye  what  it 
shalbe  mete  for  his  Maicste  of  congruence  to  doo  for  the  said 
Duke  having  his  grace  maryed  his  Suster  If  Themprrowr 
shuld  attempte  to  wynne  Gheldres  by  force  thother  offering 
vnto  him  most  reasonable  offres  and  meanes  for  the  tryall  and 
declaraczon  of  his  title  to  the  same.  And  what  aunswere  he 
shal  make  hereunto  the  Kingfs  Ma;Vjte  desireth  you  to  adu/r- 
tise  wit//  dyligence.  You  shal  also  vndrestand  that  Torre  is 
imprisoned  in  flaundcrs  the  occasion  whereof  his  grace  knoweth 
not.  Neu^rtheles  his  pleaswi  is  that  seing  he  hath  srrued 
the  frenche  king  you  shal  of  yourself  Labor//-  his  delyurraunce 
at  that  hande  and  get  him  there  if  you  can  for  the  tyme  and 
better  framyng  of  your  purpose  restored  to  his  Rome  and 
place  accordingly.  Sythens  the  wryting  of  this  'Lft/fre  hitherto 
the  king«  pleas«rr  is  that  at  your  entre  w/t/*  the  Frenche 
king  touching  the  matier  of  Gheldres,  you  shal  geve  him 
thanks  for  that  the  Kingrj  Ma/rjte  hathe  herd  that  he  shuld 
denye  Themprrowr  ayd  against  the  Duke  of  Gheldres  neurr- 
theles  his  Ma/rjte  hathe  been  also  adurrtised  from  a  good 
mouth  that  at  suche  tyme  as  this  demaund  was  made  he  shuld 
make  his  aunswere  condycyonel  the  truth  whereof  his  grace 
muchc  desireth  to  knowe  and  soo  Furth  as  before.  Further- 
more where  as  my  lord  of  NorftW£  hathe  brought  no  certain 
aunswere  of  the  frenche  kingrj  aduise  touching  Themprrowrs 
woordes  vppon  the  terme  ingratitude  The  Kinges  Ma/Vrte  de- 
sireth you  at  this  conference  w/t//  the  said  Frenche  King  on  his 
gracrj  behalf  to  saye  vnto  him  that  forasmuche  as  my  lord  of 
NorfiW£  hathe  brought  no  certain  aunswere  of  his  aduise 
touching  that  matyer  being  oon  of  the  principal  causyes  of 
his  Legac/bn  And  that  the  woordes  here  delyurred  by  his 
Ambassador  vppon  the  return  of  my  said  lord  of  NorftW£ 
concemyng  the  same  thing  be  yet  of  suche  sorte  (as  his 
hieghnes  taketh  them)  as  cannc  admyt  no  good  interprrtac/on. 
His  Maiestie  knowing  how  muche  this  affaire  toucheth  not 
only  himself  whose  most  noble  progenitours  have  eurr  worn 
a  close  crown  and  neurr  knowleged  any  supfriour  neythcr 


1540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  253 

King  nor  Empcrour,  But  also  how  muche  it  toucheth  his 
good  brother  and  al  other  Icings  and  prince  cannot  soo  passe 
it  oui'r  in  a  clowde  but  most  ernestly  desireth  his  good  Brother 
aforsaid  whom  he  most  entyerly  loveth  and  in  whom  he  hath 
a  speciall  trust  and  confydens  depely  to  waye  it  w*'t/*  him  and 
frankely  and  playnely  to  signifye  his  aduise  what  were  mete 
to  be  aunswered  in  it.  For  vndoubtedly  the  woord^j  sounde 
soo  yvel  that  his  Ma/V^te  thinketh  it  not  mete  they  shuld  be 
left  vnanswered  and  what  his  aunswere  shalbe  hereunto  his 
Ma/frte  Pr^yeth  you  also  well  to  obsrrue  and  by  the  next 
tadurrtise  him  accordingly  Thus  fare  you  hertely  well  From 
London  the  seconde  of  Marche. 

Endd.     The  mynute  of  my  L.  P.  S.  "Letters  to  Mr.  Wallop. 


339.  CROMWELL  TO . 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  305.     Mar.  7  (1540). 

Requests  the  recipient  to  give  the  bearer  the  particulars  of  the  site  of  the 
late  monastery  of  Nesham. 

I  co/wmend  me  hartely  vnto  you.  thiese  be  to  require  you 
vpon  the  sight  herof  to  deliver  vnto  my  frynd  James  lawson 
berer  herof,  the  particulars  of  the  Scite  [of]  the  late  Monas- 
tery of  Nesam  w/t//  the  Demaynes  [b]elonging  to  thesame. 
Thus  fare  ye  [well]  from  the  Court  the  vii*  day  of 
[M]ar[c]he. 

Yowr  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


340.  CROMWELL  TO  WALLOP. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  332.    Mar.  12  (1540). 

Information  concerning  the  position  and  intentions  of  the  Emperor,  which 
the  King  thinks  will  be  of  interest  to  Francis.  Wallop  is  to  impart 
this  information  to  the  Queen  of  Navarre,  who  may  communicate  it 
to  the  French  King  at  her  discretion.  Cf.  Letter  338. 

Mr.  Wallop  after  my  right  hartie  commendations  where  the 
Kinges  Maicstie  hath  receyved  certain  aduertisementes  from 
a  very  good  place  which  his  Ma/V^te  thinketh  dothe  muche 
touche  his  good  brother  the  Frenche  King.  And  that  it  were 
very  expedyent  he  had  knowlege  of  the  same.  His  hieghnes 
hathe  thought  conuenyent  to  write  the  same  vnto  you  to 
thintent  you  maye  declare  them  to  the  quene  of  Navarre 
which  his  hieghnes  wold  you  shuld  doo  at  your  first  opor- 
tunyte.  The  p^rticulers  be  thesse.  First  his  Ma*>jte  ys 


LETTERS  OF  [i.-4o 

aduiscd  that  the  Constable  and  Cardinal  of  Lorricn  shal  at 
their  cuwmyng  in  to  Flaunders  rather  be  entretayned  w/t/r 
chere  to  shewe  an  apparaunce  of  amyte  thenne  growe  to  any 
conclusion  of  things  according  to  the  french  kingrj  desicr. 
Second  yt  is  adurrtised  howe  the  legate  for  Farneze  by  his 
Gourrnor  Marssellrj  dyd  move  the  Frenche  King  lately  by 
the  bishop  of  Romez  cowmaundemrwt  to  mak  difficulte 
a  while  in  his  conclusion  betwene  him  and  the  Emp/rowr, 
Saying  that  the  necessite  of  Themprro//r  shuld  thereby  cause 
him  to  haue  what  he  wold  desier,  Whereunto  the  Frenche 
King  shuld  aunswere  that  if  Themprrowr  wold  lyve  as  he 
dothe  in  peace  and  frendeshipp  he  wold  doo  his  best  allwaye 
to  shewe  lyk  correspondence.  But  if  he  wold  treate  any 
further  thing  It  must  be  for  all  dependawntrj  or  dies  nothing. 
The  latter  ende  of  this  saying,  that  is  to  saye,  The  Frenche 
Kinges  aunswere  onely  was  secretly  rea ported  to  Themp^rowr. 
And  whenne  the  Reaporter  sayd  that  all  dependaunter  included 
manny  things  aswel  Burgoyn  Navarre  treaties  of  Madril  as 
Millan  and  Pyemount,  Themp^rowr  aunswered  that  of  trouthe 
the  things  were  nvrvelously  intricate,  Adding  that  at  the 
treating  at  Prrpynyon  he  being  thenne  at  Bersolona.  he 
thought  it  not  best  to  conv  to  any  particulers  And  Euen 
soo  wolde  be  lothe  yet  to  com  to  them  For  qiwth  he  there  is 
daung^r  of  vnhonest  condiabns  or  of  Discontentemewt  at 
departing.  And  therefore  it  is  thought  and  sayd  that  to 
wynne  a  further  delaye  The  King  of  Romaynez  shal  also 
goo  to  vysyt  the  Frenche  King  and  by  these  meanes  shal 
Thempmwr  thus  wynne  tyme  and  tak  his  aduantage  in  other 
parties  having  as  the  K.'mges  Maj>.rte  ys  aduised  a  secret 
fantazie  in  his  hed  That  being  the  Frenche  King  sickly  and 
diseased  (which  is  muche  to  the  kinges  hieghnes  regretc)  he 
deuiseth  howe  by  meanes  to  protract  and  wynne  Loking  for 
that  which  his  grace  trusteth  he  shal  not  see  and  thinking  if 
he  were  ones  passed  he  shuld  easly  ynough  Frame  al  his 
purposes  after  Euen  as  he  himself  wold  wyshe  and  desier. 
Nowe  you  may  require  Madame  de  Navarre  to  consider  what 
these  things  doo  saver  and  in  case  she  shal  think  that  the 
knowlege  of  them  maiye  anything  conferre  to  the  Frenche 
King«  Benefyt  She  may  open  the  same  at  her  pleasure  and 
by  oonr  point  she  may  prfsfntly  Knowe  whether  any  of  the 
rest  be  lyk  to  be  true  that  is  by  the  woordes  spoken  by  the 
Frenche  King  himself  touching  the  dependauntu  wher 
you  may  presse  her  to  tak  som  pains  to  knowe  the  certaynt 
as  a  meane  to  wayc  the  better  the  residue  Albeyt  his  Ma/Xrte 
doubteth  not  but  in  case  the  constable  do  not  growe  to  a 
thorow  agremcnt  But  shal  be  put  of  by  delayes  newe  Invcn- 


1540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  255 

cions  and  deuises.  His  good  Brother  the  frenche  king  shal 
easly  by  the  same  conuert  Thempero//rs  mynd  and  purpose. 
And  what  aunsvvere  she  shal  presently  or  vppon  deliberac/on 
and  inquerye  make  vnto  you,  His  Ma/V-rtes  pleas//r^  is  you 
shal  adu^rtise  wit/i  conuenye«t  diligence  Joynyng  to  your 
adu^rtisemewts  suche  other  occurraunts  as  you  shal  there 
lerne  from  tyme  to  tyme  worthie  his  gracs  knowlege.  You 
may  also  shewe  to  the  quene  of  Navarre  That  in  lyk  man^r 
from  a  good  place  his  Ma/V^te  ys  adu^rtised  that  in  Spayn 
they  begynne  to  Murmur  for  that  Thempmw/r  shuld  practise 
the  Maryeng  for  himself  &  his  childern  w/t//out  theyr  con- 
sents, Saying  they  will  kepe  a  parlyament  vppon  that  and 
suche  other  maters  Whereuppon  it  is  thought  he  woll  send 
thither  the  Duke  of  Alva  to  doo  what  he  canne  tappease  and 
quiet  them  Whereby  it  appereth  that  were  it  not  onely  for 
thestimaczbn  that  he  hath  by  the  Frenche  King  he  were  lyk 
shortely  to  haue  busynes  ynough  to  turn  him  to.  Thus  ad- 
uising  you  that  the  Kingly  hieghnes  ys  in  good  helth  \vitA  all 
your  frends  here  I  byd  you  hertely  well  to  Fare  from 
London  the  xijth  of  march 

Endd.     To  Mr.  Wallop  xij  marcij 

341.  CROMWELL  TO  THOMAS  HORTON. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  333.    Mar.  12  (1540). 

He  is  to  deliver  to  Lord  Hungerford  the  foundation  and  other  evidences 
of  a  chantry  founded  by  his  uncle,  and  also  a  copy  of  his  uncle's 
will,  or  else  to  appear  before  Cromwell  to  show  cause  why  he  should 
not  do  so.  Cf.  Letter  335. 

In  my  right  hartie  wise  I  cowmend  me  vnto  you,  And 
forasmoche  as  it  is  supposed,  that  the  foundacion  and  dyuers 
other  evidence  and  wrytyngs  concernyng  a  Chauntry  founded 
by  your  vnckall *  been  cowmen  into  your  hands  possession 
and  Custodie,  thies  be  not  onely  to  requyre  you  vpon  the 
sight  hereof  to  delyuer  vnto  my  Lord  Hungerford  of 
Haitesbury,  the  said  foundacion  evidence  and  wrytyngw, 
or  asmoche  therof  as  ye  haue  or  may  come  by,  but  also  a  true 
copie  of  your1  vnckall  ys  testament  and  last  will,  to  thentent 
that  vpon  the  sight  therof  and  due  examynacion  of  that 
matier,  suche  order  and  direction  may  be  had  and  taken  in 
that  behalf,  as  equytie  and  Justice  shall  requyre,  or  els  that 
ye  appere  in  your  owne  p^rsone  before  me  the  xvth  day 
after  Ester  next  comyng  to  shewe  a  cause  reasonable,  why 
ye  ought  not  so  to  do.  Faile  ye  not  therof,  as  ye  tendre  the 

1  r.  o.  Father 


256  LETTERS   OF  [1540 

kings  Ma/sties  pleasure.     So  fare  ye  hartely  well.     From 
ray  house  in  London  the  xijlh  day  of  Marche. 

Your  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.     To  my  Lovyng  frynd  Thomas  Horton. 
Endd.     My  lorde  pryvey  scale  to  Thomas  Horton. 

i 

342.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  GILES  STRANGWAYS,  SIR  JOHN 
HORSEY,  SIR  HUGH  PAULET,  NICHOLAS  FITZJAMES, 
AND  GEORGE  GILBERT. 

R.  O.  CaL  xv.  391  (i-ii).    Mar.  22  (1540). 

The  King  wishes  them  to  examine  the  truth  of  the  complaints  against 
William  Hargill,  contained  in  the  enclosed  bills. 

After  my  right  harty  commendations  vnto  you  The 
same  shall  receave  herin  closed  certain  bills  of  complaint 
Latly  exhibited  vnto  me  by  on  Henry  More  and  other 
thinhabitants  of  Kilmenton  in  that  countie  of  Somerset 
agenst  on  William  Hargill  gentleman  of  the  same  towne  and 
Countie  that  the  said  Hargill  of  his  extorte  power  shuld  not 
onely  wrongefully  moleste  vex  and  trouble  the  said  inhabi- 
tants diurrse  waies  but  also  vse  and  behave  himseilf  emongs 
theim  otherwais  then  doth  apprrteyne  as  ye  shall  more 
plainely  prrceave  by  the  contents  of  the  said  complaints. 
The  kings  Majests  pleaswrr  and  cowmaunde  is  that  you 
calling  aswell  the  said  Hargill  as  the  said  inhabitants  before 
you  shall  grouwdely  and  substaunciall  here  and  examyne  the 
Matier  conteyned  in  the  said  bills  aswell  by  Deposic/on  of 
wittnesss  as  proves  as  otherwais  And  finally  to  take  suche 
ordre  and  direction  therm  as  by  yo//r  approved  wisdoms 
shall  seame  to  standc  w/t//  equite  right  and  good  conscyence 
in  suche  wise  as  the  parleys  complayru?//nt  may  haue  no 
cause  Resonablc  eftsones  to  complayne.  Or  ells  if  the 
Matier  shall  so  stand  that  ye  can  not  conveniently  so  doo, 
then  the  pleas///r  of  his  hieghnes  is  that  ye  shall  ccrtific  me 
What  ye  haue  foundc  seen  and  doon  therin  to  thintent  suche 
forther  Remedy  may  be  provided  for  the  same  as  shall 
apprrteync  Not  failing  herof  as  his  grace  trusteth  you.  Thus 
fare  you  well  from  London  the  xxijth  of  Marche. 

Your  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


1540]  THOMAS  CROMWELL  257 

Add.  To  my  loving  Freindes  sir  Giles  Straingwige,  sir  John 
Horsey  and  sir  Hughe  Poulet,  knights  Nicholas  Fitzjames 
and  George  Gilbarde  Esquiers  and  to  eurry  of  them  or  to  three 
of  them. 


Complaint  of  Henry  More  of  Kylmenton,  Somerset,  yeoman, 
22  March  1540. 

Asserts  that  Hargill  and  his  sons  have  several  times  attempted  to  murder 
More  for  daring  to  demand  the  return  of  a  sow  stolen  by  Hargill's 
servants. 

To  the  right  honnorable  my  lord  prive  Scale. 

In  most  piteous  and  lamentable  wise  complaynyng  shewith 
vnto  your  most  honnorable  lordship  your  pore  and  daily 
Orato//r  Henry  More  of  Kylmenton  in  the  Countie  of 
Sonvrsett  yoman.  That  wheras  one  William  Hargyll  of 
Kylmynton  aforsaid  gentilman,  his  sonnes  and  seruauntes 
being  men  of  wray  evill  reputaabn  &  comen  fighters  and 
quarellers,  w*t/*oute  any  good  or  iuste  cause  but  onely  of 
their  pr^pensed  malice  &  myschevous  mynde,  because  your 
pore  Oratowr  knowing  that  the  seruauntcs  of  the  said  Hargill 
had  stollen  from  your  oratowr  a  sowe,  whiche  he  demaunded 
agayne  they  haue  diuerse  and  sundrie  tymes  manassed 
threatned  assawted  and  lyen  in  awayte  to  murder  and  slee 
your  pore  orato?/r,  aswell  when  he  hath  ben  (in  goddes  peace 
and  the  Kingr s)  in  plowing  and  harrowing  his  landrj  in  the 
feld^j  as  also  at  his  pore  dwelling  house  and  diuerse  other 
places  to  his  grete  feare  and  daungier  of  his  life,  insomoche 
that  one  of  the  sonnes  of  the  said  Hargill  for  thaccomplishing 
the  same  their  myschevous  intent,  lay  in  awayte  vnder  a  hedge 
vpon  the  ground  of  your  oratowr  who  then  was  at  his  Shepe- 
house,  and  comyng  homewarde  in  the  evenyng,  espied  one 
standing  there  so  suspiciously  demaunded  what  he  was, 
wherwith  he  aunswered  and  said,  thowe  horeson  thow  shalt 
knowe  bye  &  bye,  and  drew  oute  his  swerde  rennyng  fierly 
therw/t/*  at  your  said  oratowr,  who  fled  or  els  he  had  ben 
slayne  &  still  w*t/*  his  swerde  redy  drawen  pursued  your 
oratowr  to  a  barne  of  his,  where  twoo  of  your  oratours 
scruauntes  were,  who  rescued  and  defended  hym,  one  of 
them  having  but  onely  a  Rake  in  his  hande,  whiche  was 
hewen  all  in  peces,  &  there  the  said  Hargillrj  sonne  sore 
woounded  &  hurte  the  same  your  oratowrs  scruaunt  and 
put  hym  in  feare  and  daungier  of  his  life,  so  that  he  was  not 
able  to  doo  any  mancr  s^ruice  to  your  oratour  in  nyne  or 
tenne  wekes  after,  to  the  grete  losse  charge  and  hynderance 


MERR1MAN.    II 


258  LETTERS  OF  [Vl4o 

of  your  pore  oratowr.  And  also  most  honnowrablc  lord  so  it 
was  that  your  oratowr  had  twoo  grete  bores  whichc  strayed 
and  went  abrode  in  the  woodes,  so  that  he  coulde  neusr  gett 
nor  fynde  them  although  he  at  sundry  tymes  made  grete 
serche  for  them,  supposyng  that  the  saide  Hargill  had  caused 
them  to  be  taken  and  slayne,  for  one  Richard  Carpenter 
sfruaunt  to  the  same  Hargill  reaported  to  diuerse  persons 
that  he  ranne  after  the  said  bores  in  the  woodrj  aboue  ij  myles 
\v/t//  a  knyfe  drawen  in  his  hande,  saiyng  he  coulde  nother 
ou^rtake  them  nor  cause  his  dogges  to  holde  them,  and 
afterwarde  said  and  reaported  in  the  house  of  yowr  oratowr, 
then  having  sett  before  hym  a  pece  of  brawne,  that  his  master 
had  somoche  brawne  at  home  that  he  was  wery  of  it,  whiche 
filled  so  many  tubbes  fatto  and  stonoVj  that  the  same  Richard 
said,  the  hole  three  parisshes  of  Kylmynton  Sturton  and 
Bradley  coulde  not  eate  it  at  one  meale,  whiche  semed  wray 
suspicious.  And  thus  yowr  pore  oratowr  onely  for  dcmaund- 
ing  his  owne  goodes  &  for  none  other  cause  (as  god  knowith) 
is  daily  in  grete  ieopardy  &  daungier  of  his  life,  &  burnyng 
&  distroiyng  &  spoiling  of  his  house  &  goodes  So  that  he 
dare  not  repaire  ne  come  or  abide  in  his  pore  dwelling  house, 
but  of  necessitie  right  shortly  must  be  compelled  (for  safe- 
guarde  of  his  life)  to  flye  and  forsake  the  cuntrey  there,  to  his 
vtter  enpoiurysshing  and  vndoing  forcu^r,  onles  spedy  remedy 
be  the  rather  by  yowr  good  lordship  provided  in  this  behalf. 
In  tender  considerac/on  wherof,  and  forasmochc  as  your 
oratowr,  being  a  wray  pore  man,  not  having  any  frendVj  or 
other  policie  or  meane  to  atteyn  and  gett  his  pore  living  for 
the  sustentac/on  of  hym  his  pore  wyfe  and  children,  but  onely 
by  his  husbondrie  &  grete  labowr,  hath  ne  can  haue  any  manrr 
remedy  for  redresse  of  the  pranysses  against  the  said  Hargill 
or  any  of  his  sonncs  or  struaunlss  being  of  grete  substance. 
It  may  thcrfore  please  your  most  honnoarable  lordship  of 
yowr  accustomed  goodnes  towarde  pore  men  for  thaduauncc- 
ment  of  equitie  and  Justice  to  direct  your  most  honnourable 
l<Y/Vrcs  to  suche  discrete  and  woorshipfull  men  being  Justice 
of  peace  in  the  cuntrey  there  nerc  adioynyng,  as  shall  like 
your  good  lordship  to  appoynte,  cowmaunding  them  by  the 
same  to  calle  bothe  the  said  parties  before  them,  &  not 
onely  to  examyne  them  &  euery  of  them  of  the  contents  of 
this  bill  w/'t/i  the  hole  circumstance  therof,  but  also  to  sett 
suchc  fynall  direction  theryn,  as  yowr  pore  oratowr  may  from 
hensforth  live  in  reste  and  quyet,  \v/t//outc  any  further  feare 
vcxaczon  or  lossc,  and  to  make  true  relac/on  therof  to  your 
good  lordship  what  they  shall  perceive  theryn,  to  thentent 
the  said  malefactors  may  haue  condignc  punysshemcnt 


1540J  THOMAS   CROMWELL  259 

&  your  said  pore  oratour  recompensed  for  his  said  losses  and 
hurtrj  as  right  and  good  consciens  requireth.  And  your 
said  oratowr  according  to  his  bounden  duetie  shall  daily 
pray  to  god  for  the  prrsiruaczbn  of  yowr  lordship  long  to 
endure. 

Four  other  complaints  of  a  similar  nature  follow. 

343.  CROMWELL  TO  RALPH  SADLER. 

B.  M.  Roy.  7  C.  xvi,  f.  149 ;  Cal.  xv.  469.    (Apr.  7,  1540.) 

Concerning  the  return  of  Wyatt,  and  the  advisability  of  his  accompanying 
the  Prince  of  Salerno  to  London.  Desires  Sadler  to  request  Pate  to 
repair  to  Cromwell. 

Maister  Secretary  after  my  right  harty  cowmendac/ons  By 
your  letters  addressed  vnto  me  By  this  berer  I  doo  p^rceyve 
the  k'mgcs  Marries  pleasure  touching  thanswer  to  Mr.  Wyatter 
lr//rres  whiche  I  receyved  as  I  rode  hither,  and  be  now 
remytted  vnto  me  I  require  you  to  signifie  to  his  Mzieste 
that  I  shal  according  to  my  most  bounden  dieuty  cause 
Mr.  pate  to  put  himself  in  ordre,  and  giue  adu^rtisement 
to  Mr.  Wyat  accordingly  iw/mediatly  vppon  the  receipt  of 
your  answer  to  thise  lettcrzs  whiche  dispeche  to  Mr.  Wyat 
I  shal  staye  tyl  that  tyme  vppon  the  purpose  folowing.  First 
where  his  Mateste  thinketh  that  Mr.  pate  might  arryve  in 
suche  season  as  Mr.  Wyat  might  wel  accompany  the  prince  of 
Salern  hither,  surely  I  thinke  the  same,  but  whither  Mr.  Wyat 
shuld  haue  his  oportunytie  to  departe  soo  sone  aftre 
Mr.  pates  cu;;/myng  as  he  might  well  accompany  the  said 
Prince  or  no,  I  doubt  moche,  the  tyme  of  the  taking  of  his 
leave,  and  the  receipt  of  suche  lr/teres  and  matier  as  he  shuld 
bring  \\i\Ji  him  not  being  in  his  Arbitre  or  appointment. 
And  yet  as  I  thinke  it  were  not  mete  that  he  made  tomoche 
hast  even  at  his  departure  lest  therby  he  shuld  lose  suw/me 
knowleage  worthie  to  be  related  aftre  to  the  king^  Maieste. 
Again  vndre  his  Mantes  correction  I  thinke  it  more  mete 
that  Mr.  Wyat  shuld  anymate  the  said  prince  (of  himself)  to 
com  hither  as  thoughe  he  had  given  no  significac/on  of  it, 
thenne  that  he  shuld  accompany  him,  being  there  his  highnes 
Ambassad[our].  The  world  which  knoweth  that  An  Ambas- 
sador dare  not  conducte  suche  a  man,  without  his  Masters 
knowleage  may  thinke  otherwise  of  it  thenne  there  is  cause, 
seing  it  shalbe  no  doubt  of  it  opened  that  neither  he  hathe 
desired  licence  to  com  ne  yet  shalbe  reco;;/mended  by 
Themprrowr.  In  my  poore  opinion  it  shuldbe  wel  don  that 
suwme  warnyng  were  sent  to  Calays  for  his  entreteynement  if 
he  com,  and  suwme  ordre  for  the  like  at  Dover  etc.  for  his 

S  2 


260  LETTERS  OF  [i-)4o 

money  aftrc  he  shalbc  here  arryved,  w/t//out  making  any 
further  sutes  vnto  him  in  this  behaulf.  Wherein  neurrthclcs 
I  rcfcrrc  me  holly  to  his  Ma/V^tcs  pleasure  as  my  boundcn 
dicuty  requireth  and  shal  vppon  your  answer  make  the 
dispcch  accordingly.  Touching  Icighe  I  thinke  the  opinion 
good  for  his  cuwmyng  home  wit/t  Mr.  Wyat,  whiche  I  trust 
shal  be  compased  in  suche  wise  as  he  shal  not  styk  at  it, 
and  thenne  his  Ma;Vste  may  obiecte  to  him  his  contemptuous 
absence  at  his  pleasure.  And  if  his  gracious  pleasure  be  that 
I  shal  sende  the  mynutc  aftre  it  shalbc  diuiscd  I  shall  accom- 
plishe  his  pleasure  therin  as  shal  appertayn  Sithens  the 
begy(nni)ng  of  this  Ift/tre  I  am  enformed  that  Mr.  pate  is 
there.  I  pray  you  sende  for  him,  and  helpe  him  to  take  his 
leave  that  he  may  repair  hither  vtitit  diligence  And  in  the 
meane  season  his  k/fcres  of  credence  shalbc  prepared.  But 
as  for  Instructions,  I  thinke  he  shall  bettre  take  them  at 
Mr.  Wyats  hande  as  to  lerne  the  state  of  things,  thenne  we 
canne  aduise  him  here,  onles  it  shall  please  the  ki/igrj  Ma£\rte 
to  cowmytt  any  other  secret  matier  vnto  him,  thenne  I  knowe 
of  Thus  most  hartely  Fare  you  well  From  london  this 
Wednesday  night 

Your  assuryd  Freend 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 

Add.    To  myn  Assuryd  loving  Freende  Mr.  Sadler  esquier 
oorv  of  the  Kingrj  Ma;V.rtes  two  principal  Secretaryes. 
Endd.    My  Lorde  Privie  seale  to  Mr  Sadler. 

344.  (CROMWELL)  TO  ROGER  BRERETON. 

R.  O.  CaL  xii.  (i)  950  and  xv.  524.    Apr.  16  (1540). 

The  King  is  displeased  at  hearing  that  his  scholar,  Hugh  Whitford,  is 
disturbed  in  his  possession  of  the  parsonage  of  Whitford.  Brereton 
is  to  see  to  it  that  he  be  suffered  to  remain  unmolested  in  future. 

In  my  ryghte  hartie  mawner  I  cow/mcndc  me  unto  you  And 
where  that  I  wrote  my  \etteres  vnto  master  Sulyarde  and  you 
aboughtc  October  was  twelve  moneth  signcfieng  vnto  you  the 
kynges  pleasure  conornyng  the  tythe  and  possessyon  which 
his  grace  is  scolcr  Hcughe  Whytforde  had  in  the  personage  of 
Whyteforde  in  the  dioo\«*  of  scynte  Assaph.  Which  benefice 
his  highnes,  the  bishopryche  of  Sainct  Assaphes  being  vacant 
did  gyue  vnto  his  said  scoler l  of  his  gracrj  prerogatyfe  royall f 

1  c.  o.  by  good  ryghte  and  tytle  rych  was  vacant  and  voyde  by 

of  his  crowne  by  reason  of  his  resignac/bn,  the  saide  byshopriche 

royall  then  also  being  voyde 

*  c.  o.  for  as  moch  as  the  byshop- 


i54°]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  261 

and  thai  master  Haryson  dyd  make  clayme  to  the  same 
benefyce  by  vertue  of  a  vowson  therof  long  before  grauntyd 
by  the  Bysshope  wherbye  he  made  sute  not  onlie  to  dis- 
possesse  ///e  kynges  scoler  aforesaid  in  the  same  benefyce 
but  also  to  abrogate  and  abarre  the  kynges  .ryghte  and  tytle 
and  royall  prerogative  aforeseid  contrarie  to  all  good  reason 
equite  &  iustice.  And  therfore  I  signefyed  vnto  you  there  the 
kinges  pleasure  was  ///at  all  sutes  shulde  surcease  in  thai 
behalfe  in  flyntshire  and  that  the  kinges  seyde  scoler  shulde 
in  nowyse  be  disturbed  in  his  possessyon  in  the  said  benefice 
but  that  the  partyes  shulde  apere  here  before  the  kyng  and 
his  counsayle  to  abide  such  ende  and  dyrecc/bn  as  shulde 
stande  wyth  his  pleasure  to  be  taken  therin  And  those  my 
letteres  notwythstondyng  nothing  regardyng  ///at  the  poore 
scoler  hath  been  in  possessyon  iiii  yeres  full  at  Januarie  laste 
nor  the  kinges  saide  Royall  pra-ogatyve  you  haue  made  suche 
proces  in  those  partyes  contrarye  to  my  saide  L7fcres  ///at  ///e 
kynges  saide  scoler  Heugh  Whyteforde  is  intollerably  vexed 
and  trobelyd  &  dispossessyd  of  a  grette  parte  of  the  tithes 
&  oblac/bns  of  the  saide  benefyce  wherof  I  doo  not  a  lytle 
nvrvaile  that  you  l  woll  enterprise  so  to  do  ageynste 2  the 
kinges  ryghte  tytle  &  royall  prerogatyve.  Wherfor  this 
shalbe  eftesones  to  signefie  vnto  you  his  highnes  pleasure 
is  Mat  no  further3  proces  shalbe  made  in  those  parties 
ageynst  the  sayd  Whytford  in  that  behalf  And  ///at  you  shal 
se  &  procure  thai  ///e  seid  Heugh  Whiteforde  shalbe  quietlie 
sufferyd  and  prrmyttyd  to  enioye  the  possessyon  of  the  seide 
benefice  of  Whiteforde  wyth  all  maner  fruytes  and  emolu- 
mentes  to  the  same  belongyng  vntill  suche  tyme  as  the 
matter  shalbe  debatyd  here  before  the  kyng  and  his  counsayle 
And  this  not  to  fayle  vnder  payne  of  youre  allegiaunoe  at  my 
house  in  London  the  xvi  day  of  Apryll 

Add.  To  my  lovyng  frende  master  Roger  Brereton  sheryf 
of  flyntshyre  and  depute  chamtavleyn  of  Chester  and  to  all 
other  his  deputyes  there. 

345.   (CROMWELL)  TO  PATE. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  662.    May  II  (1540). 

Directs  him  to  be  vigilant,  and  to  get  all  the  information  he  can.     He  is 
to  assure  the  Emperor  that  the  King  will  not  harbour  his  traitors. 

Mr.  Pate  aftre  my  right  hartie  commendations  Thise  shalbe 
to  adurrtise  youe  that  the  kinges  Ma/V^te  hathe  aswell 

1  c.  o.  durste  be  so  boulde 

a  c.  o.  my  seid  \ettms  seyng  they  dyd  concmie  *  c.  o.  sute  nor 


LETTERS   OF  [1540 

Receyved  your  L/7/rres  declaring  the  departure  from  Gauntc 
of   the    Duke    of   Clevcs   w/t/t    the    praredinge  there    of 
Thempm>//r    against   the    Townes    men    and    suche   other 
things  as  in   some  be  conteyned,  as  yo//r  other  Lr//fcres 
touching   sir   Gregorye,  and   dothe  tak   your   Diligence   in 
adurrtisemewt  in  right  good  parte  not  doubting  but  as  the 
tyme    nowe    soo    requireth    for    that    the    hole    worlde    of 
Christendome  hangeth  yet  in  ballance  Euen  soo  youe  woll 
vse  at  this  tyme  suche  contynuel  vigilancy  and  soo  employe 
your  wisedome  and  dexterite  to  get  good  intelligence  and 
sure  knowleage  of  al  occurrence  as  you  shall  may  be  hable  to 
signifye  suche  matyer  from  tyme  to  tyme  to  his  Majrrtie  as 
shalbe  to  his  contentacion  or  at  the  least  necessary  for  his 
grace  knowlege.     You  shal  also  vndrestand  that  lately  there 
be    arryved    in   Calays  twoo   of  Themprrowrs   Rebelles  of 
Rousseler    in    flaundcrs   thone  ys  called   Giles   van   Straet 
thother  Petre  ver  Anenyan  which  be  fled  vppon  summons 
made  vnto  them  for  their  apparaunce  before  the  Empm>//r 
for  the  matiers  of  Gaunte.     They  kepe  themselfe  secreatly  in 
their  hostes  house  and  there  shal  remayn  till  wee  shall  eftsoncs 
here  from  you  Wherefore  the  kinge  Mantes  pleas///r  is  that 
vppon  the  receipt  hereof  you  shall  take  some  other  occasion 
for  suwme  merchaunte  matier  or  suche  other  as  youe  shal 
thinke  mete  to  repayre  to  Monsieur  Grandevela  and  whenne 
you  shal  haue  receyved  answer  to  the  pretended  matyer  ask 
hym  whither  Themprrowr  haue  yet  thoroughly  finished  and 
established  his  matiers  of  Gaunte,  and  whenne  he  shal  haue 
aunswered,  youe  may  saye  that  you  were  the  rather  moved  to 
demaunde  that  question  of  him  for  that  an  Englishe  man 
passing  lately  by  Calais  tolde  you  that  there  were  there  twoo 
persons  which  declared  themselfe  to  haue  fledd  thither  for 
saulfgard  being  suwmoned  by  an  officer  at  Armes  tappere 
before  the  Empm>«rs  counsail  for  those  matyers.     And  if  he 
demaund  theyr  names  you  may  tell  hym  you  woll  know  the 
same  more  ptrfytely  of  the  merchauntes  and  soo  declare  the 
same  vnto  hym.    And  if  he  wishe  they  might  be  delywrcd, 
you  may  of  yowrself  saye  that  you  knowe  right  well  the 
kings;  Mattrte  woll  extende  no  suche  fauowr  to  traytowrs, 
but  if  the  same  be  demaunded  he  woll  gladly  doe  therein 
as  his  leagrr  and  Amytie  dothe  require.    And  thus  leaving 
the  matyer  w/t//out  moche  pressing  or  seming  moche  to  desier 
it,  you  shal  adu/rtise  what  his  aunswer  shalbe  and  thercw/t//all 
suche  other  occurrence  as  you  shall  thenne  knowe  mete  to  be 
signifyed  to  his  Mawvrte  accordingly.     Thus  fare  youe  hertely 
well     From  london  the  xjth  daye  of  Maye. 
To  Mr.  Pate,  xj  Maij. 


154°]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  263 

346.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  BISHOP  OF  SALISBURY. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  717.    May  31  (1540). 

Desires  him  to  admit  a  clerk,  presented  by  the  patron  of  the  parsonage  of 
Hilperton  in  Wiltshire,  to  be  vicar  there. 

After  my  right  harty  cowmendacion  vnto  your  good  lord- 
ship thiese  be  for  asmoche  as  my  frynd  John  Walgrave 
esquier  patrone  of  the  parsonage  of  Hilperton  in  the  Comitatu 
of  Wilts^/Vr  and  in  your  diocese  hath  presented  vnto  you 
a  sufficient  clerk  to  be  parsone  ther  vpon  the  dethe  of  the 
late  incumbent,  to  require  you  to  admyt  thesayd  Clerk 
w/t//out  any  delaye  as  to  your  office  dothe  appertayne, 
whereby  besides  that  ye  shall  do  therein  that  right  and  reason 
requirethe,  ye  shall  admynyster  vnto  me  right  thankfull 
pleasure,  whiche  I  shalbe  glad  in  semblable  wise  to  requite, 
thus  hartely  fare  you  well.  At  my  house  in  london  the  last 
day  of  May. 

Your  lordshippis  assuryd 

THOMAS  ESSEX 

Add.    To  my  veray  good  lord  the  Busshop  of  Sarw;«. 
Endd.    My  L.  P.  S.  to  the  bishop  of  Sarum  vltimo  Maij. 

347.  CROMWELL  TO  SIR  GEORGE  LAWSON. 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  746.    June  4,  1540. 

Concerning  the  disposition  of  funds,  to  pay  for  the  buildings  at  Berwick 
and  Carlisle. 

Mr.  Lawson  after  my  right  herty  commendations  Thiese 
shalbe  to  aduertise  you  that  the  kingr s  highnes  hath  appoincted 
you  to  Receyve  of  Mr.  Bekw/th  the  suwme  of  oon^  thousand 
pounds  sterl.  to  be  employed  for  his  gracrj  affaires  as  foloweth. 
Furst  his  grace  thinketh  that  such  buyldingrj  as  have  ben 
alredy  appoincted  to  be  made  for  this  present  yere  at  Berwik 
be  well  nere  redy  and  be  almost  at  an  ende,  and  that  ye  have 
heretofore  receyved  so  moche  money  as  hath  ben  and  shalbe 
necessary  for  the  deffrayeng  of  the  same,  yet  nevertheles  in 
cace  ye  shuld  nede  any  more  his  highnes  is  contented  that  ye 
shal  employe  sonv  of  the  said  Mu  nowe  appoincted  by  you 
to  be  receyved,  the  whiche  his  Matie  if  ye  shal  nede  any 
thinketh  it  shalbe  very  litel.  And  therfore  his  highnes 
graciouse  pleasure  and  comwaundemewt  is  that  of  the  samr 
Mu  ye  shal  bistowe  the  VC  or  theraboutay  to  buye  and  provide 
stone  lyme  sand  Tymber  and  all  other  mancr  stuff  necessary 
for  the  buylding  nowe  appoincted  or  that  hereafter  shalbe 


264  ITERS  OF  [1540 

appoincted  to  be  donr  the  next  yeir  folowing  at  Berewik 
And  the  rest  of  the  said  Mu  to  be  employed  abouto  the 
prtmision  of  like  stuffe  for  the  buylding  to  be  made  this  said 
next  yer/.  For  the  straight  and  fortification  of  Carleil. 
For  that  ones  p^rfowrmed  that  hath  ben  appoincted  for  this 
yere  to  be  donr  at  Berwik  his  highnes  woll  that  ye  shal  staye 
to  buyld  any  newe  devise  for  this  present  yerr  but  onely 
employe  the  said  Mli  in  manrr  and  fowrme  before  declared 
For  the  receipt  of  the  whiche  Mu  ye  shal  receyve  herw/tA 
A  warrawwt  signed  w/t/<  his  Ma"*"  hande  for  the  paynv/rt 
thereof.  Thus  Fare  ye  right  hertely  well  From  london  this 
iiiith  day  of  Maye  June  '  the  xxxiilh  ycre  of  his  graces  most 
Noble  Regne. 

Endd.  The  Minute  of  My  L.  P.  S.  fc7/rre  to  Mr  Lawson 
iiii  Junij. 

348.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Titus  B.  i,  273 ;  CaL  xv.  776.    (June  12,  1540.) 

Confessions  of  some  of  the  charges  brought  against  him :   denials  of 
others.     Pleas  for  mercy  and  forgiveness. 

Moste  gracyous  King  and  most  mrrcyfull  sourrayng  yo//r 
most  humble  most  obbeysand  and  most  boundcn  subiett 
and  most  lamentable  seruattnt  and  prysoner  prostrate  at  the 
Feate  of  yo//r  most  excellent  magestye  haue  herd  yo//r  plea- 
sure by  the  mouthe  of  yo//r  Comptroller  which  was  that  I 
sholde  wrytte  to  your  most  excellent  highnes  such  things  as 
I  thought  mete  to  be  wryttyn  Consrrnyng  my  most  myser- 
able  State  and  Condicyon  for  the  whiche  yowr  most  haboun- 
daunt  goodnes  benignyte  and  lycens  the  Immortalle  god 
three  and  On  rewarde  yo//r  magestye,  and  now  most  gra- 
cyous Prynce  to  the  matyer  Fyrst  wher(as)  I  haue  beane 
accusyed  to  your  Maiestye  of  Treason  to  that  I  saye  I  neuer 
in  all  my  lyflfe  thought  willinglye  to  doo  that  thing  that 
myght  or  Sholde  displease  your  Magestye  and  moche  lesse 
to  doo  or  saye  that  thing  which  of  hit  SelfT  is  so  highe  and 
abhomynable  offence  as  god  knowyth  who  I  dowt  not  Shall 
reueale  the  trewthe  to  yowr  Highnes.  mynr  accusers  yowr 
grace  knowyth  god  Forgyve  them.  For  as  I  eurr  haue  hade 
loue  to  yowr  Honowr  person  lyfle  pn?speryte  helthe  welthe 
Joye  and  Comforte  and  also  yo//r  most  dere  and  most  entyerly 
belouyd  Son  the  Prynce  his  grace  and  your  pr0cedingr.y  god 
so  hclpe  me  in  this  myne  adurrsyte,  and  Conffound  me  yf 
curr  I  thought  the  Contrarye.  What  labours  paynes  and 


su. 


J540]  THOMAS    CROMWELL  265 

trauayles  I  haue  taken  according  to  my  most  bounden  deutye 
god  also  knowyth,  for  yf  it  were  in  my  power  as  yt  is  goddes 
to  make  your  Magestye  to  lyue  euer  yong  and  prosperous 
god  knovveth  I  woolde  yf  it  hadde  bene  or  were  in  my  power 
to  make  you  so  riche  as  ye  myght  enryche  allmen  god  helpe 
me  as  I  wold  do  hit  yf  it  hade  bene  or  were  in  my  power  to 
make  your  Magestye  so  pusaunt  as  all  the  woorlde  sholde 
be  compellyd  to  obbey  you  Crist  he  knowyth  I  woolde  For 
so  am  I  of  all  other  most  bounde  For  yo//r  Maiestye  hathe 
bene  the  most  bountyffull  prynce  to  me  that  eurr  was  kyng 
to  his  Subiect  ye  and  more  lyke  a  dere  Father  yo//r  Magestye 
not  offended  then  a  maister.  Such  hathe  bene  your  most 
graue  and  godlye  counsayles  towards  me  at  sundrye  tymes 
in  that  I  haue  offended  I  ax  your  mercye.  Sholde  I  now 
for  Suche  exceding  goodnes  benygnyte  libiralyte  and  bountye 
be  your  traytor  nay  then  the  gretest  paynes  wer  to  lityll 
For  me.  Sholde  any  Faccyon  or  Any  affeccyon  to  Any  poynt 
make  me  a  traytor  to  your  Mageste  then  all  the  deuyllrj  in 
Hell  Conffounde  me  and  the  vewgeaunce  of  god  light  appon 
me  yf  I  sholde  ons  haue  thought  it  most  gracyous  sou^rayng 
lorde  to  my  remembraunce  I  neuer  spake  w*t/j  the  Chaun- 
celor  of  the  Augmentacyons  and  Frognvrton  together  at  on* 
tyme.  But  yf  I  dyde  I  am  sure  I  spake  neuer  of  any  Suche 
matyer  and  yo//r  grace  knowythe  what  manner  of  man 
thrognvrton  hathe  euer  bene  eiur  towardes  your  grace  and 
your  preceding^  and  what  Maister  Chauncelor  hathe  bene 
towards  me  god  and  he  best  knowyth  I  will  ne  Can  accuse 
hym  What  I  haue  bene  towards  hym  your  Magestye  right 
well  knowyth  I  woolde  to  Crist  I  hadde  obbeyed  your  often 
most  gracyous  graue  Counsayles  and  adu^rtysmenttrc  then  it 
hadde  not  bene  with  me  as  now  it  ys  Yet  our  Lorde  yf  it  be 
his  wille  Can  do  wtt/t  me  as  he  dyde  wz't//  Susan  who  was 
Falslye  accusyd  vnto  the  whiche  god  I  haue  onlye  Co;«mytted 
my  Sowlle  my  bodye  and  goodes  at  your  Magestyes  pleasure 
in  whos  nvrcye  and  pyete  I  doo  hollye  Repose  me  For  other 
hope  then  in  god  and  your  Magestye  I  haue  not.  Syr  as  to 
your  Cow/mon  welthe  I  haue  after  my  wytt  power  and  know- 
lege  trauayled  therin  hauyng  hadde  no  respect  to  persons 
(your  maiestye  onlye  except)  and  my  dewty  to  the  same  but 
that  I  haue  done  anye  Iniustyce  or  wrong  willffullye  I  trust 
god  Shalbere  me  wytnes  and  the  woorlde  not  hable  Justlye 
to  accuse  me  and  yet  I  haue  not  done  my  dewtye  in  all  things 
as  I  was  bounde  wherfor  I  aske  nurcye.  Yf  I  haue  herde  of 
Any  conbynacyons  Conventycles  or  suche  as  wer  offenders  of 
yo//r  lawse  I  haue  though  not  as  I  sholde  haue  done  for 
the  most  parte  reuealyd  th«m  and  also  Causyd  them  to  be 


266  LETTERS  OF  [1540 

punyshed  not  of  males  as  god  Shall  Judge  me.  Neurrtheles 
Str  I  haue  mcdclyd  in  So  many  matyers  vnder  your  Highnes 
that  I  am  not  able  to  answer  them  all  but  onr  thing  I  am 
well  assuryd  off  that  wittinglye  and  willinglye  I  haue  not 
hadde  will  to  offend  yowr  Highnes  but  harde  it  ys  for  me  or 
any  other  medlyng  as  I  haue  done  to  lyue  vnder  yowr  grace 
and  yowr  lawse  but  we  must  daylye  offende  and  wher  I  haue 
offendyd,  I  most  humblye  aske  mrrcye  and  pardon  at  yowr 
gracyous  will  and  plesure.  Amongyst  other  things  most 
gracyous  sowrrayng  maister  Comptroller  Shewid  me  that  your 
grace  Shewid  hym  that  wit//in  thes  xiiij  days  ye  Cowmyttyd 
A  mattyer  of  gret  Secresye  which  I  dyde  Reaueale  contrarye 
to  your  expectacyon  Syr  I  do  remembre  well  the  matyer 
which  I  neurr  reuelyd  to  any  Creature  but  this  I  dyde  Syr 
after  your  grace  hadde  openyd  the  matyer  Fyrst  to  me  in 
your  Chamber  and  declaryd  your  lamentable  Fate  declaring 
the  thingrj  whiche  your  Highnes  myslyked  in  the  Qucne  at 
\vhiche  tyme  I  shewyd  yowr  grace  that  she  often  desyryd 
to  speke  w;t//  me  but  I  durst  not  and  ye  sayd  why  sholde 
I  not  alleging  that  I  myght  do  moche  good  in  gooing  to  her 
and  to  be  playn  wit//  her  in  declaring  my  mynde  :  I  theruppon 
lakkyng  oportunyte  not  being  a  lytill  greuyd  spake  preucly 
w/'t//  her  lorde  Chambrrlayn  for  the  which  I  aske  yowr 
grace  mrrcye  desyryng  hym  not  namyng  yowr  grace  to  hym 
to  Fynde  Som  mean  that  the  quene  might  be  inducyd  to  order 
yowr  grace  plcsantlyc  in  her  behaueowr  towards  yow  thinkyng 
therbye  for  {to)  haue  hade  Some  Fawtis  Amendyd  to  yowr 
Magestyes  Comffort  and  after  that  by  genrrall  woord*\r  the 
sayd  Lord  Chambrrlayn  and  other  of  the  Quenes  Cownsayle 
being  wit//  me  in  my  chamber  at  VVestm/>w/^r  For  lycens  for 
the  departure  of  the  strang  maydens  I  then  requeryd  them  to 
Counsayle  thayr  mastres  to  vse  all  plesauntnes  to  yowr 
Highnes  the  which  things  vndowtydlye  wern  bothe  spokyn 
before  yowr  Magcstye  Comyttyd  the  Secret  matyer  vnto  me 
onlye  of  purpose  that  She  myght  haue  bene  Inducyd  to  suche 
plcasaunt  and  honorable  Fassyons  as  might  haue  bcenc  to 
your  gracys  cowfforde  which  aboue  all  things  as  god  knowyth 
I  dyd  most  Couyt  and  desyrc  but  that  I  openyd  my  mowthe 
to  any  Creature  after  yowr  Majestye  cowmytted  the  Secresye 
therof  to  me  Other  then  onlye  to  my  lorde  admyrall  which 
I  dyde  by  yowr  gracys  comandemcnt  which  was  vppon 
Sondaye  last  in  the  mornyng  whom  I  then  Founde  as  willing 
and  glade  to  scke  remydye  For  yowr  Comffort  and  consolacyon 
and  sawe  by  hym  that  he  dyd  as  moche  lament  yowr  Highnes 
Fate  as  eurr  dyd  man  and  was  woondcrffullyc  greuyd  to  Sc 
yowr  Highnes  so  trowbelyd  wysshing  grctlye  your  Comffort 


1540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  267 

For  the  Attaynyng  wherof  he  sayd  your  hono//r  saluyd  he 
woolde  spend  the  best  blood  in  his  bodye  and  yf  I  woolde 
not  do  the  lyke  ye  and  willinglye  dye  for  your  Comffort 
I  woolde  I  were  in  Hell  and  I  woolde  I  sholde  receyve 
a  thousande  dethis.  Syr  this  is  all  that  I  haue  done  in  that 
matyer  and  yf  I  haue  offendyd  your  magestie  therin  prostrate 
at  your  magestes  fete  I  most  lowlye  aske  mrrcye  and  pardon 
of  your  Highnes.  Syr  ther  was  also  layde  vnto  my  Charge 
at  myne  examenacyon  that  I  hadde  retaynyd  contrarye  to 
yo//r  lawse  Sir  what  exposycyon  may  be  made  vppon 
retaynours  I  know  not  but  this  will  I  saye  if  eu^r  I  retaynyd 
any  man  but  suche  onlye  as  were  my  Howsholde  struaunttes 
but  ageynst  my  will  god  Conffound  me  but  most  gracyous 
sou^rayng  I  haue  bene  so  Called  on  and  Sewyd  to  by  them 
that  Sayd  they  were  my  Frendw  that  Constraynyd  therunto 
I  resayuyd  thayr  Chyldren  and  Freendw  not  as  Retaynows 
For  thayr  Fathers  &  parents  dyd  promyce  me  to  Fynde 
them  and  so  toke  I  theme  not  as  retaynours  to  my  great 
Charge  and  For  non*  evyll  as  god  best  knowythe  interpret  to 
the  Contrarye  who  will  most  humblye  beseching  your 
magestye  of  pardon  yf  I  haue  offendyd  therin  Sir  I  doo 
knowlage  myself  to  haue  bene  A  most  myserable  and  wrechyd 
Synner  and  that  I  haue  not  towards  god  and  your  Highnes 
behauyd  my  self  as  I  owght  and  Sholde  haue  done.  For  the 
which  myne  offence  to  god  whyles  I  lyue  I  shall  contyn- 
wallye  kail  for  his  m^rcye  and  For  myne  offencys  to  your 
grace  which  god  knowyth  wer  neu^r  malycyous  nor  willfull, 
and  that  I  neu^r  thought  treson  to  your  Highnes  your  Realme 
or  posteryte  So  god  helpe  me  ayther  in  woorde  or  dede  neucr- 
theles  prostrate  at  your  magestes  (feet)  in  what  thing  soeurr 
I  haue  offendyd  I  appell  to  your  Highnes  For  mercye  grace 
&  pardon  in  suche  wyse  as  Shalbe  your  plesure  beseching 
the  allmyghtye  maker  and  redemer  of  this  woorlde  to  send 
your  Maiestye  Contynuall  &  long  helth  wdthe  and  pr^speryte 
w*t/*  nestors  yeres  to  reigne  and  your  most  dere  Son  the 
Prynces  grace  to  prosper  Rayn  &  Contenew  long  after  you 
and  they  that  woolde  Contrarye  Short  lyffe  Shame  &  conffu- 
syon  wrytin  wit//  the  quaking  hand  and  most  Sorowffull 
herte  of  your  moste  Sorowffull  Subeiect  and  most  humble 
seruaunt  &  prysoner  this  satyrday  at  your  (Tower)  of 
london 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL 


268  LETTERS   OF  [1540 

349.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

Hatfield  House,  Cecil  Papers,  124-7 ;  Cal.  xv.  823.    June  30  (1540). 

Answers  to  the  King's  inquiries,  and  information  concerning  the  relations 
of  Henry  and  Anne  of  Cleves  from  the  time  they  first  met  at 
Rochester. 

Most  mrrcyfull  king  and  most  gracyous  souerayng  lorde 
may  hit  please  the  same  to  be  adiuvtysyd  that  the  laste 
tyme  it  pleasyd  your  bening  goodnes,  to  send  vnto  me  the 
right  honourable  lorde  Chauncelcr  the  Right  honorable  Duke 
of  Norffoke  and  the  lord  admyrall  to  examynr  and  also  to 
declare  to  me  dyuers  things  from  yowr  magestye  amongist 
the  which  onr  specyall  thing  they  movyd  and  thervppon 
chargyd  me  as  I  woolde  answer,  beffor  god  at  the  dredffull 
daye  of  Judgement  and  also  vppon  the  extreme  daunger  and 
Dampnacyon  of  my  sowlle  and  consyens  to  saye  what 
I  knew  in  the  mariage  and  consrrnyng  the  mariage  betwene 
your  highnes  and  the  quene  to  the  which  I  answeryd  as 
I  knew  declaring  to  them  the  p^rtyculcrs  as  nyghe  as  I  then 
coulde  call  to  Remembraunce  which  when  they  hadde  harde 
they  in  in l  your  maiestees  name  and  vppon  lyke  charge  as 
thay  hadde  gyvyn  me  beffbre  cowmaundyd  me  to  wrytt  to 
yo//r  highnes  the  trewthe  as  moch  as  I  knew  in  that  matyer, 
which  now  I  doo,  and  the  veraye  trewth  as  god  shall  salve 
me,  to  the  vttermost  of  my  knowlage.  Fyrst  after  your 
maiestye  herde  of  the  ladye  Anne  of  Clevys  arryvall  at 
dowr  and  that  her  Jerneyes  wer  appoyntyd  towards 
grenwiche  and  that  She  sholde  be  at  Rochester  on  new 
yeres  evyn  at  nyght  your  highnes  declaryd  to  me  that  ye 
woolde  pryvelye  vysyt  her  at  Rochester  vppon  newyeres 
daye  adding  thes  woordes  to  norishe  loue,  which  accordinglye 
your  grace  dide  vppon  new  yeres  daye  as  is  abouesayd,  and 
the  next  day  being.Frydaye  your  grace  reternyd  to  grenwyche 
wher  I  spake  w*t//  your  grace  and  demandyd  of  yowr  magestye 
how  ye  lykyd  the  ladye  Anne  your  highnes  answeryd  as  me 
thought  hevelye  And  not  plesantlye  nothing  so  well  as  She 
was  spokyn  of  Saying  Ferther  that  yf  yowr  highnes  hadde 
known  asmoche  beffore  as  ye  then  knew  she  shold  not  haue 
Cow/men  w;t//in  this  Realme,  Saying  as  by  way  of  lamenta- 
cyon  what  remedye,  vnto  the  which  I  answeryd  and  said 
I  knew  noiu*  but  was  veraye  Sory  therffore  and  so  god 
knowith  I  was  for  I  thought  hit  a  harde  begynnyng,  the  next 
daye  after  the  recept  of  the  said  ladye  and  her  enterye  made 


1 540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  269 

in  to  grewwyche  and  after  your  highnes  hadde  brought  her 
to  her  Chamber  I  then  waytyd  vppon  your  highnes  into 
your  pryuey  chambre,  and  being  ther  your  grace  Callyd  me 
to  yow  Saying  to  me  this  woordrj  or  the  lyke  my  lorde  is 
it  not  as  I  told  yow  say  what  they  will  She  is  nothing  so 
Fayre  as  she  hathe  bene  reportyd,  howbeit  she  is  well  and 
semelye,  wherunto  I  answeryd  Saying  by  my  Faythe  Syr  ye 
Saye  trewthe,  adding  therunto  that  yet  I  thought  she  hadde 
a  quenlye  mannrr,  and  neu^rtheles  was  sorye  that  your  grace 
was  no  better  content,  and  theruppon  your  grace  cowmandyd 
me  to  calle  to  gether  your  Cownsayle  whiche  were  thes  by 
name  the  archebusshop  of  Caunterburye  the  Dukes  of 
Norffolke  &  Suffolke  my  lorde  Admyrall  my  lorde  of 
Duresme  and  my  selffe,  to  Commonc  of  thos  matyers,  and 
to  know  what  cow/myssyon  the  Agenttrj  of  Clevys  hadde 
browght  as  well  touching  the  p^rfformfl/mce  of  the  Con- 
uenaunttes  sent  beffore  from  hens  to  Doctowr  Wotton  to  haue 
bene  Concludyd  in  Clevys,  as  also  in  the  declaracyon  how 
the  matyers,  stode  for  the  Conuenawntts  of  Maryage  betwene 
the  Duke  of  loreyns  Son  and  the  sayd  ladye  Anne,  whervppon 
Osleger  and  Hogeston  wer  Callyd  and  the  matyers  purpossyd, 
wherby  it  playnlye  apperyd  that  they  were  moche  astonyed 
and  abasshed  and  desyryd  that  the(y)  might  make  answer  in 
the  next  mornyng  which  was  sondaye  and  vppon  sondaye 
in  the  mornyng  your  sayd  Cownsaylors  and  they  met  Erlye 
and  ther  eftsons  was  purposyd  vnto  them  aswell  touching 
the  £omyssyon  For  the  performaunce  of  the  tretye  and 
artycles  Sent  to  maister  Wotton  as  also  touching  the 
Contractor  and  Couenaunttes  of  mariage  betwene  the  Duke 
of  lorayns  Son,  and  the  ladye  Anne  and  what  termes  thay 
stodde  in,  To  the  whiche  things  so  purposyd  thay  answeryd 
as  men  moche  prrplexyd  that  as  touching  Cowmyssyon  thay 
hadde  none  to  trete  consrmyng  the  Articles  sent  to  Mr.  Wotton 
and  as  to  the  cowtractrj  and  Conuen^/mttrj  of  mariage  they 
cowlde  Say  nothing  but  that  a  reuocacyon  was  made,  and 
that  thay  were  but  spowsaylles,  and  Fynallye  after  moche 
resonyng  they  offeryd  them  selffiw  to  Remayne  prysoners 
vntyll  suche  tyme  as  they  Sholde  haue  sent  vnto  them  P'rom 
Clevys  the  Fyrst  Artycles  Ratyflfyed  vnder  the  Duke  thayr 
maisters  Signe  and  Scale,  and  also  the  copye  of  the  reuocacyow 
made  betwene  the  Dulce  of  lorayns  Son  and  the  ladye  Anne, 
vppon  the  which  answers  I  was  sent  to  your  highnes  by  my 
\ordrs  of  your  said  Counsayle  to  declare  to  your  highnes  what 
answere  they  hadde  made  and  Came  to  yo//r  highnes  by  the 
prevey  wey  into  your  prevey  Chambre  and  Declaryd  to  the 
same  all  the  Cyrcumstaunc^r  wherw/tA  your  grace  was  veray 


270  LETTERS   OF  [i;>4o 

moch  displcasyd  Saying  I  am  not  well  handelyd,  insomoche 
that  I  mought  well  p*rsayue  that  your  highncs  was  Fully 
detcrmenyd  not  to  haue  goonr  thoro\v  wit//  the  maryage  at 
that  tyme  Saying  vnto  me  thes  woord«  or  the  lyke  in  effect 
that  yf  it  were  not  that  she  is  com  So  Farre  into  my  realme 
and  the  great  preparacyons  that  my  states  &  people  hathe 
made  For  her  and  For  Fere  of  makyng  of  a  Ruffull  in  the 
woorlde  that  is  to  meane  to  dryve  her  brother  into  the  handrj 
of  the  emperowre  and  Frenche  kyng«  hands.?  being  now  to 
gether  I  woolde  neurr  haue  ne  marye  her,  so  that  I  myght 
well  prrsayve  your  grace  was  neyther  Content  wit//  the 
person  ne  yet  content  wit//  the  preceding  of  the  Agenttrj,  and 
at  after  dynner  the  sayd  Sondaye  your  grace  Sent  For  all 
yo//r  Sayd  Cownsaylours  and  in  repeting  how  your  highnes 
was  handelyd  aswell  towching  the  said  Artycles  as  also  the 
sayd  matyer  of  the  Duke  of  loreyns  Son  it  myght  and  I  dowt 
not  dyde  appere  to  them  how  lothe  your  highnes  was  to 
haue  maryed  at  that  tyme.  And  theruppon  &  vppon  the 
consyderacyons  aforsayd  yo//r  grace  thowght  that  it  sholde 
be  well  done  that  She  Sholde  make  a  pnrtestacyon  beffore 
your  sayd  Cownsaylours  and  notaryes  to  be  present  that  she 
was  Free  from  all  contracts  which  was  done  accordinglye,  and 
theruppon  I  repayring  to  yowr  highnes  declaryng  how  that 
she  hadde  made  her  pnrtestacyon,  wherunto  your  grace 
answeryd  in  effect  thes  wooroVr  or  moche  lyke  is  ther  non^ 
other  Remedye  but  that  I  must  nedts  agenst  my  will  put  my 
nek  in  the  yoke,  and  so  I  dep^rtyd  levyng  your  highnes  in 
a  studye  or  pensyvenes,  and  yet  yo//r  grace  Determenyd  the 
next  mornyng  to  go  thorow  and  in  the  mornyng  which  was 
Mondaye  your  mageste  preparying  yourself  toward/?  the 
seromonye,  ther  was  Sonv  questyon  who  sholde  lede  here 
to  churche  and  it  was  appoyntyd  that  the  Erll  of  Essex 
disceasyd  and  an  Erll  that  Cam**  wit//  her  sholde  lede  her  to 
chyrche  and  theruppon  one  Cam  to  your  highnes  and  said 
vnto  yow  that  the  Erll  of  Essex  was  not  yet  Com*  wheruppon 
your  grace  appoyntyd  me  to  be  on  that  sholde  lede  here 
and  So  I  went  vnto  her  Chamber  to  thentent  to  haue  don 
yow  Comawndme//t  and  shortlye  after  I  Cams  into  the 
Chambre  the  Erll  of  essex  was  Com  wheruppon  I  repayryd 
bake  Ageyn  in  to  your  graces  pryvey  Chambre  and  Shewyd 
your  highnes  how  he  was  com**  and  theruppon  yowr  Magestye 
avauncyd  toward  the  galerye  owt  of  your  pryvey  Chambre, 
and  your  grace  being  in  and  abowte  the  middes  of  your 
Chamber  of  prescns  Callyd  me  vnto  yow  Saying  thes  woordrr 
or  the  lyke  in  centens  my  lorde  yf  it  were  not  to  Satysfye 
the  woorld  and  my  Realme  I  woolde  not  doo  that  I  must 


THOMAS   CROMWELL  271 

doo  this  day  For  none  erthlye  thing,  and  ther  vfitA  one 
brought  your  grace  woorde  that  She  was  Co;«myng  and 
theruppon  your  grace  Repayryd  into  the  galerye  towards 
the  Clossett  and  ther  pawsyd  her  Cowmyng  being  nothing 
content  that  She  So  long  taryed  as  I  iudged  then,  and  so 
consequently^  She  Cam*',  and  your  grace  afterwards  pro- 
cedyd  to  the  Serymonyes,  and  they  being  Fynysshyd 
travelyde  the  day,  as  appartaynyd,  and  the  nyght  after  the 
Costom*?  And  in  the  mornyng  on  tewysday  I  repayryng  to 
your  Majesty  in  to  your  prevey  Chambre  Fynding  your 
grace  not  so  plesaunte  as  I  trustyd  to  haue  done  I  was  so 
bolde  to  aske  your  grace  how  ye  lykyd  the  quene  wherunto 
your  grace  Sobyrlye  answeryd  saying  that  I  was  not  all  men, 
Surlye  my  lorde  as  ye  know  I  lykyd  her  beffor  not  well  but 
now  I  lyke  her  moche  woorse  For  quoth  your  highnes  I  haue 
Felte  her  belye  and  her  brests  and  therby  as  I  Can  Judge 
She  Sholde  be  noe  mayde  which  Strake  me  So  to  the  harte 
when  I  Felt  them  that  I  hadde  nother  will  nor  Corage  to 
precede  any  Ferther  in  other  matyers,  Saying  I  haue  left 
her  as  good  a  mayde  as  I  Founde  her  whiche  me  thought 
then  ye  spake  displesauntly  which  I  was  veraye  Sorye  to 
here,  your  highnes  also  after  Candlemas  and  beffore  Shoroff- 
tyde  oons  or  twyse  sayd  that  ye  were  in  the  same  Case  wz't^ 
her  as  ye  were  affore  and  that  your  hert  Coulde  neuer 
consentt  to  medyll  vrit/i  her  Carnallye  notwithstanding  your 
highnes  alledgyd  that  ye  For  the  most  parte  vsyd  to  lye 
with  her  nyghtlye  or  every  second  nyght,  and  yet  your 
majestye  euer  sayd  that  she  was  as  good  a  mayde  For  yow 
as  euer  her  mother  bare  her,  For  any  thing  that  ye  hadde 
mynystred  to  her  your  highnes  Shewyd  me  also  in  lent  last 
passyd  at  suche  tyme  as  your  grace  hadde  Sum^  cow/munica- 
cyon  \\i\Ji  her  of  my  ladye  marye  how  that  She  began  to  wax 
Stoborne  and  wylffull,  euer  lamentyng  your  Fate  and  euer 
vereffyng  that  ye  hadde  neuer  any  Carnall  knowlage  wit/e 
her,  and  also  after  Ester  your  grace  lykewyse  at  dyuers 
tymes  and  in  the  whytsonweke  in  your  gracys  prevey 
Chamber  at  grenewyche  excedinglye  lamentyd  your  Fate 
and  that  your  gretyst  grefife  was  that  ye  sholde  Surlye  neu^r 
haue  any  moo  Chyldren  For  the  Comffort  of  this  Realme  yf 
ye  Sholde  So  Contynew,  assuryng  me  that  beffore  god  ye 
thought  she  was  neuer  your  lawffull  wyff  at  which  tyme  your 
grace  knowyth  what  answer  I  madde,  which  was  that  I  woojde 
for  my  parte  do  my  vttermost  to  Comffort  &  delyu^r  yo//r 
grace  of  your  afflyccyon  and  how  sorye  I  was  bothe  to  Se 
&  here  your  grace  god  knowyth  your  grace  dyuers  tymes 
Sethen  \\ytsontyde  declaryd  the  lyke  to  me,  eu*r  alledgyng 


272  LETTERS   OF 

oiv  thing,  and  also  Saying  that  ye  haddc  as  moclic  done  to 
mouc  the  Consent  of  yowr  hert  and  mynde  as  cufr  dyd  man 
and  that  yc  toke  god  to  wytnes  but  eu/r  ye  sayd  the  obstacle 
Coulde  neurr  owt  of  yowr  mynde  and  gracyous  pr>'nce  after 
that  ye  haddc  Fyrst  sene  her  at  Rochester  I  neu/r  thov 
in  my  hert  that  ye  were  or  wooldc  be  contentyd  w/'t/r  that 
maryage,  and  Syr  I  know  now  in  what  Case  I  Stande  In 
which  is  oonlye  in  the  nvrcye  of  god  and  yowr  grace,  yff 
I  haue  not  to  the  vtterest  of  my  Remembraunce  Sayd  the 
trowthe  and  the  nolle  trowthe  in  this  matyer  god  ncurr  helpe 
me  I  am  Sewre  as  I  thinke  ther  is  no  man  lyvyng  in  this 
yowr  Realme  that  knew  more  in  this  then  I  dyde  your 
highnes  onlye  except  and  I  am  sure  my  lord  admyrall  Calling 
to  his  Remew/braunce  Can  Shew  yowr  highnes  and  be  my 
wyttness  what  I  sayd  vnto  hym  after  yo//r  grace  Cam*  From 
Rochester,  ye  and  also  after  yowr  gracys  maryage,  and  also 
now  of  late  Sethens  wytsontyde,  and  I  dowt  not  but  manye 
and  dyuers  of  my  lordVj  of  your  Counsayll  bothe  beffore 
yowr  manage  and  Sethens  haue  Right  well  prrsayvyd  that 
your  magestye  hathe  not  ben  well  pleasyd  \vit/t  your  mariage, 
and  as  I  shall  answer  to  god  I  neurr  thought  yowr  grace 
content  after  ye  hadde  ons  Sene  her  at  Rochester,  and  this 
is  all  that  I  know  most  gracyous  and  most  nvrcyffuH 
Sou^rayng  lorde,  beseching  almightye  god  who  eurr  in  all 
your  Causes  hathe  eu^r  Counsaylyd  preservyd  oppenyd 
mayntayned  relevyd  and  defiendyd  yowr  highnes  so  he  now 
•will  witsave  to  Cownsayle  yow  preserue  yow  maynteyn  yow 
remedye  yow  releve  and  deffend  yow  as  may  be  most  to 
yowr  honor  welthe  prosperytye  helthe  and  Comffort  of  yowr 
hertys  desyre  For  the  whiche,  and  For  the  long  lyffe  & 
prosperouse  reighne  of  of  *  yowr  most  Royall  magestye  I  shall 
duryng  my  lyffe  and  whylis  I  am  here  praye  to  almyghtyc 
god  that  he  of  his  most  haboundant  goodnes,  will  help  ayde 
and  Comffort  yow  and  after  yowr  Contenewaunce  of  Nestors 
yeres  that  that  most  noble  Impe  the  prync/j  grace  yowr  most 
dere  Sone  may  succede  yow  to  reighne  long  prosperouslye 
and  Felycyouslye  to  goddes  plesure,  besechyng  most  humblye 
yowr  grace  to  pardon  this  my  Rude  wryting,  and  to  consyder 
that  I  am  a  most  wooffull  prysoner  redye  to  take  the  dethe 
when  it  Shall  please  god  and  yowr  majestye  and  yet  the 
Fraylle  Fleshe  incytythe  me  cowtynnewallye  to  Call  to  yowr 
grace  For  m^rcye  and  pardon  For  myn*  offencys  and  this 
Crist  Salve  preserue  &  kepe  yow  wrytyn  at  the  towre  this 
Wcdensdaye  the  last  of  June  vttt/t  the  hevye  hert  and 


stc. 


r 


1540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  273 

tremblyng  hande  of  your  highnes  most  hcvye  and  most 
myserable  prysoner  &  poore  slave 

Most  gracyous  prynce 

I  Crye  for  m^rcye  m^rcye  mercye 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Add.   To  the  king  my  most  gracyows  Soiurayng  lorde  his 
Royall  magestye. 

350.  CROMWELL  TO  HENRY  VIII. 

B.  M.  Otho  C.  x,  f.  247  ;  Cal.  xv.  827.    (June  30,  1540.) 
Tells  the  same  story  as  the  preceding  in  slightly  different  words. 

That  it  hathe  pleasyd  your  most  royall  and  most  nvrcyfull 

M to  send  to  me  suche  honorable  parsonages  at  ij° 

seurrall  tymes  at  ...  one  tyme  Suyd  For  and  at  the  other 

tyme  declaryng  v my  state  and  Condycyon,  in  most 

honorable  prudent  ....  Sage  Fascyon  my  gracyos  and  most 
benigwe  sourrayng  lord  ....  that  I  Cannott  condingly  do 

my  dewtye  to  your  Magest tynuallye  duryng  my  lyffe 

pray  to  allmygh(t)y  god es  may  rewarde  your  gracyous- 

nes  and  prync ardes  me,  and  vvher  gracyous  prynce 

thaye  at re  towards  me  herd  me  in  every  thing  what .  . 

.  .  .  t  any  Interrupcyon  wit/t  suche  gentylnes  and more 

desyre,  So  they  presyd  me  by  al Coulde  to  detect 

and  accuse  any  other olde  in  any  wyse  not  be  trew 

vnto  your I  answeryd  as  I  now  doo  that  yf  I  kn 

your  Realme  that  were  not  your  trew  leag as  my  dewtye 

is  detect  them,  for  grac nothing  erthelye  that  I  more 

Couett Royall  prison  and  the  welthe  of  your 

Rea  ...  w  ....  our  lorde  that  best  knoweth  help de- 

claryd  to  me  playnlye the  recytall  of  dy[u]er 

same  myn  offence  being  by  honest  and  probbable  wytnes 
prouyd  I  was  by  your  honorable  lord^j  of  the  upper  howse 
and  the  woorshipfuli  and  discrete  Cowmu[n]es  of  your  nether 
howse  convyctyd  &  Attayntyd  .  gracyous  souerayne  when 
I  herde  them  I  sayd  as  now  I  saye  that  I  am  A  Subiect  and 
boorn  to  obbey  lawse,  and  knowing  that  the  tryall  of  all 
lawse  only  consystethe  in  honest  and  probable  wytnes  and 
Consyderyng  that  the  state  of  ....  Realme  hadde  harde 

and  Resayued  them  and  th procedyd  as  I  am  sure  they 

haue  done  w/t/rout Submyttyd  me  to  thayr  centens 

and  therffor highlye  and  eftsons  I  most  hertely 

thanke  god but  yet  I  must  now  bcseche  your  grace 

of  pard albeit  lawse  be  lawse  and  in  them  haue 

MERKIMAN.     II  T 


274  LETTERS  OF  1 1  ;4o 

yet  god  is  god  and  knowethe  bothc towards  your 

Maiest>'C,  and  your  Rcalmc how  dere  your  prrson 

was  is  and  eurr  hathe bche  greyvd  me,  That  I  sholde 

be  notyd el  hadde  yowr  lawse  in  my  brest,  and 

mentarye  god  he  knowythe  the he  ton 

and  the  other  gyltles,  la full  Crysten  man  and  so  will 

I e  and  Conscyens  yowr  highnes  tre wooll, 

but  gracyous  kyng hathe  benc  great  and  yowr 

....  woorlde therffor  most  gracyous  prynce  I  humble 

Submytt  me  to  yowr and  aske  off  god  mrrcyc  For  my 

Synnes  and  of  yowr  high mrrcye  &  pardon  For  myn 

offence  as  to  yowr  high  wysdome  shall  Seme  most  convenyent, 
and  Syr  that  eurr  I  haue  dyssayuyd  yow  in  Anye  of  yowr 
tresure  Surlye  I  haue  ....  and  that  god  almyghtye  best 

knowythe,  and  so  that  I holpen  at  my  most  nede 

I  beseche  Crist,  Syr  vppon es  I  most  humblye  beseche 

yowr  gracyous  magestye d  &  gracyous  lorde  to  my 

pore  Son  the  good  &  vertu wyflfe  and  thayr  poore  Chil- 

dern,  and  also  to  my cst  and  this  I  desyre  of  yowr  grace 

For  Crist humblye  thanke  yowr  magestye  For  Suche 

money  as be  my  good  lordes  and  also  beseche  the 

same shalbe  your  gracyous  plesure  that 

I  Shall  ly orlde  that  I  may  haue  those  things  that 

may  ....  I  Shall  dayelye  pray  for  yowr  highnes 

things  my  lordts  mouyd  and sowlle  and  conscyens  to 

declare  what maryage  betwene  yowr  magest 

.  .  .  the  which  I  answeryd  as  I  knew  dec ers  as 

nygh  as  I  Cowlde  and  ther wrytt  to  yowr  highnes  the 

trcwthc  as ich  was  in  this  Sorte  after  that  yowr  .... 

. . .  ne  was  aryuyd  at  doucr  and dt-s  grenwyche  and  that 

S at  nyght  yowr  h grace  repayeryd  towards 

nyght  to  grenwyche  wher  I  spake  w/t//  yowr  grace  and 
demaundyd  of  yow  how  ye  lykyd  the  ladye  Anne  yowr  grace 
being  sum  what  heuy  as  I  toke  hyt  answeryd  and  sayd  She 
was  no  suche  manner  of  wooman  as  She  hadde  ben  declaryd 
to  yow  \\-it/t  many  other  things  which  Surlye  moche  grevyd 
me  for  I  prrsayuyd  yowr  grace  to  be  nothing  content,  neu*r- 
theles  yowr  highnes  determenyd  For  the  met  ....  the  next 
daye  to  be  hadde  as  it  was  beffore  ap  .  .  .  .  and  after  whiche 

metyng  and  yowr  Entre  made yowr  grace  Callyd  me 

vnto  you  askyng  me  wh tolde  me  trowth  or  no,  to  the 

which  I  said  lyty veray  Sorowffull  to  consydcr  that 

yowr  grace content  and  then  yowr  highnes  cowmandyd 

me my  lorde  of  Canterburye  my  lorde  Cha  ....  Nor- 

ffolke  my  lorde  of  Suffolke  my  lorde and  my  lorde  of 

Durham  to  Cowmen  t manage,  and  that  we  sholde 


1540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  275 

call the  duke  of  Cleuys  to  know  what  C for 

the  concluding  of  Certayn  artyc Mr.  Wootton  and  also 

what  thaye  h the  Contracte  and  Couenawntter .... 

....  ye  Anne,  and  the  duke  of  lorey ger  and  hodg- 

gesten  werrn  Cally yd  and  declaryd  your  gracyo 

basshed  and  desyryd  that mornyng  which  was  .  .  . 

....  in  the  mo to  treate  of  the  Artycles  beflfor 

proponyd  by  M  ....  wotton  ne  yet  hadde  browght  Any  dis- 
charge or  decl of  the  conuenaunttes  of  Maryage 

betwene  the  duke  of  lor Son  and  the  ladye  Anne, 

neurrtheles  Osleger  offer to  remayn  here  as  A  prysoner 

vntyll  suche  tyme certayn  Artycles  Sholde  be  rateflfyed 

being  parce the  Artycles  purposyd  beffore  and  also 

to  bry Autentyke  Fascyon  &  Forme  A  reuocacyon 

of ....  conuenaunttcs  and  cowtractys  of  maryage  made  bet  .  . 

.  . .  .  e  ladye  Anne  and  the  Duke  of  loreyns  Son s  the 

Ferthest  that  Coulde  be  goton  of  them nges  being  de- 
claryd, your  highnes  was  ver tt  and  sayd  ye  were  not 

well  handelyd that  ye  were  veraye  lothe  T  an yd 

not  to  haue  concludyd  the and  then  after  dynner  the 

same  so entt  For  all  the  sayd  my  lord^r  your  Cow(n)- 

sayle g  debatyng  of  the  matyer  it  was des  of 

Canterburye  and  Durham ers  betwene  the  Son  of 

lorayn  and er  butt spowsaylles  and  that  suche 

a nade  as  was  aledgyd.     That  thenn^ 

estacyon  in  An  honorable  presens Notaryes  Sholde  be 

a  Suffy wheruppon  your  grace  R and 

that  all the  person  Insomoche  that  after  her  protes- 

tacyon  made  beffore  your  lordes  and  your  preparacyon  to 
maryage  in  the  mornyng  going  thorow  your  Chamber  of 
presens  your  highnes  Sayde  to  me  thes  woord^r  or  the  lyke  in 
centens,  my  lorde  yff  yt  were  not  to  Satysfye  the  woorlde  and 
my  realme  I  woolde  not  doo  that  I  Shall  do  this  daye  For  non 
erthelye  thing,  and  therwzt//  on*  browght  your  grace  woord 
that  She  was  cowmyng  and  theruppon  your  grace  procedyd 

to  the  Fy determynacyon  of  the  Seremonyes  vsyd  in 

lyke  ....  after  passyd  that  day  honorablye  and  the  ne 

repayring  vnto  your  highnes  into  your  pryvey Founde 

your  grace  not  plesantt  and  yet  neurr nto  CO/H- 

m[un]ycacyon  \\iih  your  highighnes 2  I  was  so 

how  ye  lykyd  the  quene,  wherunto  your  grace was 

not  allmen  alledgyng  that ood  A  mayd  as  ye  Founde 

her  declary er  brester  were  and  how  her  belye 

was  of uche  as  your  grace  hadde  not  Felte 

1  c.  o.  that  •  sic. 

*  T2 


276  LETTERS   OF  [1540 

....  yowr  gracys  woordtt  that  bcsydss  your  dis ght 

be  dowtyd  whether  She  were rydlye  verey  displeasaunt 

your  grace ter  Candelmas  and  beffore  Shoreflft 

me  that  yo//r  harte  Coulde  neurr otw/'t//- 

stonding  that  ye  For eurr  saying  that hadde 

Sum  Cowm[un]ycacyon  w/'t//  her  of  my  ladye  marye  ....  She 

began  to  wax  Stoborn  and  willfull  mochc  lament 

yowr  Fate  and  Fortune  eutr  alledgyng  that  Ye  hadde  .... 
Carnallye  known  here,  and  in  lyke  wise  after  ester  &  in  .... 
whyttonsonweke  at  grenwyche  in  yowr  preuey  cham  ....  ye 
then  lamentablye  complaynyd  yowr  Fate  decl  ....  ye  hadde 

done  all  that  ye  Cowlde  to  move  Nature consentt  to 

haue  don  w/t//  her  as  is  prrtenent  to yet  eu^r  ther  was 

an  obstacle,  and  t  .  .  .  .  howght  beffore  god  She  was  not  yo//r 

wyffe I  Sayd  to  your  grace  at  that  tyme  I  dowt  no 

race  well  rememembrethe  hyt  manye  othe thyn 

Whytsontyde  yowr  grace  hathe  greuos haunce  which 

assurydlye  hathe  not ne,  mor  then  this  gracyous  and 

m  .  .  .  .  g  lorde  Can  I  not  Saye,  but that  it  laye  in  my 

power  to  Com  ....  and  that  w/t//  Sheding  of  my  blode  ye  ... 

.  .  .  but  I  dowt  not  god  who  alwcys  h delyurr  yowr 

grace  From  this ndc  and  bryng  yow  to  Cowffort.     For 

this knowing  myself  to  be  onlye  at  the nr 

grace  and  w/Mowt  hoppc  of  lyff that  after 

ye  Cam  From  Roch e  here,  I  dyde  neiur  b t 

to  mary For  the  satysfaccyon  of  the  woorldc 

and  your  Reallme  then  otherwyse  and  thys  I  thinke  to 
be  trew  as  I  Shalbe  sauyd  at  the  dredffull  daye  of  Judgement. 
I  am  A  right  Symple  man  to  be  A  wytnes  in  this  matyer  but 
yet  I  thinke  next  your  grace  I  know  asmoche  as  Anye  onr  man 
lyuyng  in  thys  Realme  dothe  and  that  this  is  trew  god  Shalbe 

my  wytnes  who  best  kn the  trowthe,  and  I  trust  my 

lorde  admy  ....  bere  me  wyttnes  what  I  Sayd  to  him 

retorne  From  Rochester  and  also  at  dyuers I  dowt  not 

all  my  lordrs  befibrnamyd  my p^rsayne  bothe  beffore 

the  Daye  of  yowr  gracyous and  after  that  your 

hignes  was  not god  I  neurr  thought  yowr  grace  co  .  .  . 

no  Sene  her  and  So  Crist akyng  an  ende 

I  Shall  whyllw  I ntencwallye  praye  For  the  long  .  .  . 

....  pcrytye  &  welthe  of  yowr  highnes  to es  and  to 

sende  yowr  maiestye  y ffort  In  this  and  all  other 

maty prynce  yowr  Son  Felycyouslye  to s 

vppon  my  knees  prostrate kyng  pardon  m^rcye 

and Crist  . 


1540]  THOMAS   CROMWELL  277 

351.  CROMWELL  TO  THE  (LORDS  OF  THE  COUNCIL). 

R.  O.  Cal.  xv.  910.     July  24(1540). 

An  account  of  the  proceedings  in  the  affair  of  M.  de  Rochepot  Cromwell 
denies  that  he  took,  or  was  promised,  any  part  of  the  prize.  Cf. 
Letters,  316,  317,  328. 

Pleasythit  your  good  lordshippis  to  vnderstande  that 
I  haue  Redde  the  k//rre  Sent  to  the  kingcs  magestye  Sent 
from  the  frenche  kyng  touching  monsieur  de  rochepote  in 
which  it  appereth  that  (the)  Frenche  (king)  Supposyth  that 
by  my  meanys  the  sayd  matyer  hathe  not  ben  Justlye  or- 
deryd  and  that  I  sholde  haue  A  gret  parte  of  that  pryce  .  my 
\ordes  Fyrst  as  I  Shall  answer  to  god  I  neu^r  barre  Fauour  in 
the  matyer  otherwise  thenne  to  Justyce  appartaynyth  which  was 
that  esterlingrj  whiche  sayd  thay  wer  being  in  leage  wzt/j  the 
Frenche  kyng  Robbed  by  his  Subiectes,  desyring  that  Foras- 
moche  as  ther  goodes  wer  save  wzt/rin  the  kyng^j  portrj  that 
they  myght  haue  Justyce  here,  wheruppon  the  matyer  was 
cowmyttyd  to  the  heryng  of  the  Jugdge  of  the  Amyralte 
and  ther  the  proctow  of  Monsieur  de  Roche(pot)  agreed  And 
consentyd  to  the  Jurysdycobn  of  the  Courte,  and  so  the 
Frenche  partye  aswell  as  the  esterling^  contendyd  vppon 
the  Matyer  whether  it  Sholde  be  tryed  in  Fraunce  or  Englande, 
and  theruppon  as  I  Remembr  A  centens  was  gouyn  that  the 
Matyer  sholde  be  tryed  in  England  wheruppon  the  Frenche 
ptfrtye  dep^rtyd  and  after  sent  hether  an  aduocatte  of  Frawnce 
who  toke  hymself  to  be  Satysfyed  with  the  order  takyn,  and 
also  depertyd,  and  after  the  ambassador  now  present  here 
made  Sute  to  the  king  For  to  haue  the  Matyer  Remyttyd  to 
be  determynyd  in  France  at  whiche  tyme  A  Consultacyon 
of  lernyd  men  beffor  the  kynges  honorable  consayle  was  hadde 
at  Gylfforde,  and  thayr  it  was  thought  that  the  kynges 
magestye  myght  w/'t//  his  hono//r  Remytt  the  matyer  into 
Fra/mce  but  it  was  agreed  on  the  kyngcs  partye  that  yflf  the 
Frenche  Kyng  woold  Send  his  Comyssarye  tyll  a  place  In- 
dyfferent  that  then  his  magestye  woolde  the  lyke  and  what- 
soeurr  sholde  be  determynyd  ther  sholde  be  prrfformyd, 
my  lord  of  Norffolke  my  lorde  preuy  scale,  my  lorde  of 
Durham  &  my  lorde  of  Wynchester  wer  at  that  Counsayle, 
and  my  lorde  of  London  was  at  that  tyme  being  the  kynges 
ambassadowr  Fullye  Instructyd  of  the  hole  matyer,  but  that 
cucr  I  hade  any  partte  of  that  pryse  or  that  I  wer  promyssyd 
Any  part  theroff  my  lordtr  assure  yowrselffes  I  was  not  as 
god  shall  and  may  helpe  me  and  this  my  good  lordcs  I  pray 


278      LETTERS  OF  THOMAS  CROMWELL 

the  etcrnall  Rcdemer  to  prcscrue  you  all  in  long  lyffc  good 
helthc  \v;t/r  long  prr/spcryte  at  the  Towre  the  xxiiiiu  daye  of 
July  wit//  the  trymblyng  hande  of  yo//r  Redman 

THOMAS  CRUMWELL. 

Endd.  The  frewch  kingry  Lr//<*rc  touching  MonsiV//r  de  La 
Rochepot,  with  Therle  of  Essex  answere. 


AN   ITINERARY  OF  THOMAS  CROMWELL 

1523-1540 


COMPILED    FROM    EVIDENCE   CONTAINED    IN    HIS 
CORRESPONDENCE 


17  Aug.  (i523)  London. 

29  Nov.  (1525)  Begham,  Ayles- 

ford  Lathe,  Kent. 

2  April  (1528)  Oxford. 

30  June  (1528)  London. 

18  Jan.  (1529)  Tendon. 
July  (1529)  London. 

19  Dec.  {1529)  London. 

5  May  (1530)  '  St.   James   be- 

side Westminster.' 

3  June  (1530)  London. 
30  June  (1530)  London. 
24  July  (1530)  London. 
1 8  Aug.  (1530)  London. 

Dec.  (1530)  London. 

1 8  June  (1531)  London, 
i  Oct.  (1531)  London. 
3  Oct.  (1531)  London. 

13  June  (1532)  London. 

19  June  11532)  London. 

19  July  (1532)  London. 

20  July  (  1532)  London. 

23  Sept.  (1532)  London. 

24  Nov.  (1532)  Eltham,  Sutton 

Lathe,  Kent. 
Dec.  (1532)  London. 

6  April  (1532)  London. 

25  April  (1533)  London. 

14  June  (1533)  London. 

26  June  (1533)  London. 
9  Jul7  <*533>  London. 

1 8  July     1533     London. 

19  July  (1533)  London,  v 

20  July  (1533)  London. 
23  July  <i533>  London. 


25  July  (1533)  London. 

26  July  <i533>  London, 
i  Sept.  (1533)  London. 

15  Sept.  <  1 53  3)  Stepney. 
21  Sept.  <  1 533)  Stepney. 
24  Oct.  (1533)  London. 

8  Nov.  (1533)  London. 
ii  Nov.  {1533}  London. 

6  Dec.  (1533)  London. 

5  Jan.   <i534>  London. 
28  Mar.  <i534}  London. 

i  May  (1534)  Stepney. 
4  May  (i534)  London. 

13  May  (1534)  Stepney. 
24  May     1534    Richmond. 

4  June  (1534)  'My  house  at 
Canbery,'  Finsbury,  Middle- 
sex. 

14  July  (1534)  Chelsea. 

20  July  (1534)  'My    house    in 

London.' 

30  July  <I534>  Stepney. 
4  Sept.  O534)  London. 

6  Sept  (1534)  '  Canbery.' 

21  Sept. (1534)  'Canbery.' 
17  Oct.  (1534)  The  Rolls. 
28  Oct.  O534)  London. 
ii  Nov.  (1534)  The  Rolls. 

17  Nov.  (1534)  '  The        Nete ' 

(near  Westminster). 
20  Nov.  (1534)  London. 
8  Feb.  <i535>  The  Rolls. 
10  Feb.  (1535)  The  Rolls. 

15  Feb.  <i535>  The  Rolls. 
19  Feb.  (1535)  London. 


280    AN   ITINERARY  OF  THOMAS   CROMWI  !  I. 


20  Feb.  <i;,35>  The  Rolls. 

21  Mar.  (1535)  The  Rolls. 
10  April    1535    London. 

20  April  Oo35)  London. 

21  May  (1535)  London. 

1 8  June  <i535>  The  Rolls. 

14  July  <i535>  London. 
«5  July  <'535>  London. 

1 8  July  <i535>  London. 
20  July  (1535)  London. 

23  July  <i535>  Winchcomb, 
Kistgate,  Gloucestershire. 

29  July  (1535)  The  Monastery 
of  Tewkesbury,  Gloucester- 
shire. 

9  Aug.  (1535)  'At  Barklay 
hoornes,'  Berkeley,  Glou- 
cestershire. 

23  Aug.  (1535)  '  Thornebury,' 

Thornbury,  Gloucestershire, 
i  Sept.  (1535)  Bromham, Swan- 
born,  Wiltshire. 

4  Sept.  (1535)  'Whofall,'  Kin- 

warston,  Wiltshire.1 

5  Sept.  <  1 535) 'Wolfall.' 

10  Sept.  (1535) 'Ex  aula  regia 

apud  Wolfal.'  [King's  manor, 
Alderbury,  Wiltshire  ?] 

29  Sept.  (1535)  Winchester. 

30  Sept.  (1535)  Winchester. 

15  Oct.  <i535>  Stepney. 

19  Nov.  (1535)  The  Rolls. 

7  Dec.  (1535)  Richmond. 
1 5  Dec.  <i535>  Stepney. 

24  Dec.  (1535)  The  Rolls. 
30  Dec.  (1535)  The  Rolls. 

3  Jan.  0536)  Eltham. 

8  Jan.  <i536>  The  Rolls. 

4  Feb.  (1536)  The  Rolls. 
21  Feb.  (153*))  London. 

25  Feb.  (1536)  The  Rolls. 
3  Mar.  (1536)  London. 

3  April  (1536)  London. 
3  April  <  1 536)  The  Rolls. 

11  April  (1536)  The  Rolls. 
24  April  (1536)  The  Rolls. 

1  'Whofall,'  'Wolfall'  or  'Wolf 
Hall*   was   the  seat  of  Sir  John 


30  April  (1536)  Stepney. 

17  May  (1536)  The  Rolk 

1 8  May  (1536)  The  Rolls. 
8  June  (1536)  The  Rolls. 

12  June  (1536)  The  Rolls. 

5  July  (1536)  The  Rolls. 
8  July  <i->36>  The  Rolls. 

10  July  (1536)  The  Rolls. 
23  July  O536>  The  Rolls, 
i  Aug.  (1536)  Otford,     Sutton 

Lathe,  Kent. 

i5Aug.<i536> 'Oking'   (Wok- 
ing),  Surrey. 

7  Sept.  (1536)  Grafton,    Clely, 

Northamptonshire. 
12  Sept.  (1536)  Grafton. 

23  Sept.  (1536)  London. 

8  Oct.  (1536)  Windsor. 

9  Oct.  0536)  Windsor. 
26  Oct.  (1536)  Windsor. 

30  Oct.  (1536)  Windsor. 
4  Nov.  (1536)  Windsor. 

10  Nov.  (1536)  Westminster. 

17  Nov.  <i536)  The  Rolls. 
28  Nov.  (1536)  London. 

6  Dec.  £1536)  The  Rolls. 
1 6  Dec.  (1536)  Stepney. 

24  Dec.  0536)  The  Rolls. 
22  Jan.  <i537>  The  Rolls. 

11  Mar.  <  1537)  The  Rolls. 

24  Mar.  <i537>  'The        kinges 

palace  at  Westminster.' 
10  April  (153 7)  London. 

14  May     1537    Westminster. 

15  May  (1537)  The  Rolls, 

1 8  May    1537     Hampton  Court. 
6  June    1537     The  Rolls. 

4  July  <i537>  The  Rolls. 
6  July  <i537>  Stepney. 
8  July     1537    Stepney. 
»7  July  <i537>  Sutton,  Woking, 

Surrey. 

24  July  (i537)  East Hampstead, 
Riplemcre,  Berkshire. 

31  July  (1537)  Sonninghill, 

Cookham,  Berkshire. 


Seymour,    the  father  of   Henry's 
third  wife. 


AN    ITINERARY   OF  THOMAS   CROMWELL    281 


1  Aug.  (1537)  Sonninghill. 

6  Aug.    1537    Windsor. 

7  Aug.  (1537)  Windsor. 

8  Aug.  (1537)  Dunstable.Mans- 

head,  Bedfordshire. 

9  Aug.  (1537)  Ampthill,  Red- 

bornstoke,  Bedfordshire. 

11  Aug.  <i537>  Ampthill. 
17  Aug.  (1537)  Grafton. 

25  Aug.    1537     Windsor. 
28  Aug.  <  1537)  Windsor. 

7  Sept.  (1537)  Mortlake.Surrey. 
23  Sept.  (153 7)  Stepney. 

23  Sept.  (1537)  Mortlake. 

24  Sept.  <  1537)  Stepney. 

28  Sept.  (1537)  Stepney. 
30  Sept.  (153 7)  Mortlake. 

4  Oct.  (1537)  Mortlake. 

6  Oct.  (1537)  Mortlake. 
10  Oct.  (1537)  Mortlake. 

12  Oct.     1537     St.  James  beside 

Westminster. 

20  Oct.  <i537)  St.  James  beside 
Westminster. 

27  Oct.  (1537)  'The  Neate  be- 
side Westminster.' 

2  Nov.     1537    Westminster. 

12  Nov.  (1537)  London. 

29  Nov.  (1537)  The  Nete. 

30  Nov.  (1537)  The  Nete. 

4  Dec.     1537    The  Nete. 

5  Dec.     1537    The  Nete. 

10  Dec.     1537    '  The     Kinges 

manour  of  Otlande,'  Emley, 
Surrey. 

13  Dec.  (1537)  'Otelands.' 

26  Dec.  (1537)  London. 

7  Jan.  <i538>  The  Ro11*- 
19  Jan.     1538    London. 

19  Jan.  (1538)  The  Rolls. 

11  Feb.  (1538)  'The  Court  be- 

ing at  Westminster.' 
15  Feb.  (1538)  St.  James  beside 

Westminster. 
22  Feb.  (1538)  St.  James  beside 

Westminster, 
i  Mar.  (1538)  Hampton  Court. 

20  Mar.  (1538)  '  At  the  Court.' 
26  Mar.    1538    St.  James. 


4  April  (1538)  SL  James. 

5  April  (1538)  St.  James. 

7  April  (1538)  St.  James. 

8  April  1 1 538)  St.  James. 

20  April(i538)  London. 
24  April (1538)  Stepney. 

4  May  (1538)  St.  James  beside 

Westminster. 

5  May  (1538)  St.  James. 

6  May  (1538)  St.  James. 

10  May  (1538)  Westminster. 

12  May  <i538)  St.  James  beside 

Westminster. 

23  May  (1538)  St.  James. 

8  June    1538    Chelsea. 

13  July  (1538)  Chelsea. 

16  July  (1538)  Chelsea. 

17  July  (1538)  Chelsea. 

i  Aug.  1538  Petworth,  Arun- 
del  Rape,  Sussex. 

9  Aug.  ^1538)  London. 
30  Aug.  (1538)  Bedgebury, 

Scray  Lathe,  Kent. 

21  Sept.  (1538)  Penshurst,  Sut- 

ton  Lathe,  Kent. 
30  Sept.  (1538)  London. 

1 6  Oct.  1538  London. 
19  Oct.  (1538)  London. 

6  Nov.  1538  London. 

11  Nov.  (1538)  London. 

24  Nov.  1538  London. 
28  Nov.  1538  London. 

7  Dec.  1538  London. 

5  Feb.  (1539)  London. 

13  Feb.  (1539)  London. 

1 8  Feb.  (1539)  London. 

25  Feb.  (1539)  London. 
i  Mar.  (1539)  London. 

10  Mar.  (1539)  London. 

12  Mar.  (1539)  London. 

14  Mar.  (1539)  London. 

17  Mar.  (1539)  London. 

1 8  Mar.  (1539)  London. 

22  Mar.  O539)  London. 

3  AprilO539)  '  At  my  house  in 
London.' 

6  April  (153 9)  London. 
12  April (1539)  London. 
1 6  April (1539)  London. 


282     AN    ITINERARY   OF  THOMAS   CROMWELL 


19  April  (1539)  London. 
(22  April  1539)  London. 

23  April  (1539)  London. 

24  April  (1539)  London. 

25  Apri)(i539)  'From  my  house 

in  London.' 
27  May  (1539)  St.  James. 

1  June  (1539)  St.  James. 
8  ]  une  (1539)  St.  James. 

23  July     1539  Guildford, Surrey. 

24  uly     1539    Farnham,  Surrey. 
uty  (1539)  '  OtelandV 

19  Sept.  (1539)  London. 

5  Oct.    1539    London. 

13  Oct.  <i539)  London. 

1 8  Oct.  (1539)  London. 

26  Oct.  (1539)  London. 

8  Nov.  (1539)  London. 
22  Nov.  (1539)  London. 

2  Dec.  (1539)  London. 

9  Dec.  1539  London. 

(3  Jan.     1540    Greenwich.) 
7  Jan.  (1540)  Greemvich. 


21  Jan.  <i-,40> 
26  Jan.  (1540) 

9  Feb.  (1540) 

23  Feb.  <i540> 
2  Mar.  (1540) 
7  Mar.  (1540) 

12  Mar.  (1540) 

12  Mar.  (1540) 

in  London.' 

22  Mar.  (17,40) 
<7  April   1540) 
1 6  April  (1540) 

in  London.' 
IT  May  (1540) 
31  May  <I540> 

4  June    1540 
<i2  June  1540) 

London. 
30  June  (1540) 

London. 

24  July  <i54°> 

London. 


London. 

London. 

London. 

Westminster. 

Ixmdon. 

'From  the  Court.' 

London. 

4  From  my  house 

London. 
London. 
'  From  my  house 

London 
London. 
London. 
The  Tower  of 

The    Tower  of 
The    Tower  of 


A  LIST  OF  THE  MINOR  PREFERMENTS  OF 
THOMAS  CROMWELL,  AND  A  DESCRIPTION 
OF  HIS  ARMS  AND  CREST1 

1.  Recorder  of  Bristol,  Aug.  8,  1533. 

2.  Joint  Constable  of  Hertford  Castle  and  Hertingfordbury,  and 
Keeper  of  the  Park,  Feb.  27,  1534. 

3.  Joint  Constable  of  Berkeley  Castle,  Keeper  of  Berkeley  Park, 
Master  of  the  Game,  and  Keeper  of  Hynton  Wood  and  Red  Wood, 
Sept.  1534. 

4.  Steward  of  the  Manor  of  the  Savoy,  and  Bailiff  of  Enfield,  May  14, 

'535- 

5.  Steward  of   the  Manors  of  Edelmeton   and   Sayes   Bery,   co. 

Middlesex,  May  16,  1535. 

6.  High  Steward  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  1535. 

7.  Prebendary  of  Blewbery,  in  dioc.  Sarum,  May  n,  1536. 

8.  Chief  Steward  of  the  Manor  of  Writtle,  and  Keeper  of  the  Park, 
June  9,  1536. 

9.  Steward  of  the  Honour  of  Havering-atte-Bower,  and  Keeper  of 
the  House,  Park,  and  Forest,  Dec.  3,  1537. 

10.  Dean  of  Wells,  1537. 

n.  Warden  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Royal  Forests  North  of  Trent, 
Dec.  30,  1537. 

12.  Captain  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Nov.  2,  1538. 

13.  Steward,  Surveyor,  Receiver,  and  Bailiff  of  the  Crown  Lands 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Nov.  2,  1538. 

14.  Constable  of  Carisbroke  Castle,  Nov.  2, 1538. 

15.  Master  of  the  Hunt,  and  Keeper  of  Carisbroke  Park,  Nov.  2, 

1538. 

1 6.  Constable  of  Ledes  Castle,  Jan.  4,  1539. 

1  This  list  is  taken  from  Doyle's      which  are  not  given  here,  are  to  be 
Official   Baronage,  vol.  i.  p.  689.      found  in  the  Life,  pp.  142-44- 
Cromwell's  more  important  titles, 


284    MINOR  PREFERMENTS,  ARMS  AND  CREST 

1 7.  Steward  of  the  Honour  of  Reylegh,  and  Bailiff  of  Reylegh  and 
The  Hundred  of  Rochford,  Dec.  20,  1539. 

1 8.  High  Steward  of  Reading,  [1539]. 

19.  Steward  of  the  late  Monastery  of  Furness,  [1540]. 


ARMS. 

Azure,  on  a  fess  between  three  lions  rampant  or,  a  rose  gules, 
barbed  vert,  between  two  Cornish  choughs  proper. 

(Granted,  1533 :  MS.  Coll.  Arms,  2nd  G.  4.) 


ARMS— QUARTERLY. 

I  and  IV,  as  above.  II  and  III,  Per  fess  azure  and  or,  a  pale 
counter-changed,  charged  alternately  with  fleurs  de  lys  of  the  second, 
and  pelicans  with  wings  elevated  vulning  themselves  gules. 

CREST. 

Out  of  a  wreath,  a  demi-lion,  queue  fourche'e,  holding  up  a  ring,  all 
or,  the  stone  gules. 


NOTES  TO  LETTERS 

[In  the  following  pages  the  initials  D.N.B.  refer  to  the  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography,  the  initials  A.D.B.  to  the  Allgemeine  Deutsche 
Biographic,  and  the  initials  B.U.  to  Michaud's  Biographic 
Universelle.] 

1.  Cf.  Cal.  iii.  2394  and  Life,  p.   27.      John  Creke  (merchant 
tailor,  and  factor  to  a  London  trader  named  William  Munkaster  or 
Moncaster)  became  servant   to  Cranmer   in    1533,   and  was   later 
advanced  to  the  post  of  Esquire  Bedell  in  the  University  of  Oxford. 
Afterwards  he  was  made  Gentleman  Usher  to  the  Queen ;  cf.  Cal. 
iv.  3086,  5126;    vi.  758,  770,  868,  885,  1378,  1641-2.      Charles 
Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  crossed  to  France,  August  24,  1523,  at 
the  head  of  an  army  of  more  than  13,000  men;    cf.  Cal.  iii.  3288; 
D.N.B.  vi.  218.      'Maister  Vawhan,'   Stephen  Vaughan ;    D.N.B. 
Iviii.   179,  and  Life,  p.  52.      'Maister  Woodall,'  a  merchant  friend 
of  Cromwell's;  cf.  Cal.  iii.  2624. 

2.  '  Mastres  Smyth,'  possibly  a  connexion  of  Cromwell's.    Richard 
Swift  served  with  William  Brabazon  under  Cromwell ;   cf.  Cal.  iv. 
6217,  6221. 

3.  Robert  Bolt  and  William  Butrye  or  Botery,  mercers  of  London. 
The  latter  was  a  rich  and  well-known  citizen.     In  August,  1514,  he 
engaged,  with  two  others,  to  pay  ^2,000  for  Wolsey's  pallium  and 
the  expenses  of  his  promotion  in  the  Court  of  Rome ;  cf.  Cal.  i. 
5334  >  iv.  2065  (28).     On  the  manor  of  Kexby  cf.  Cal.  iv.  294,  388, 
2193.  3536  (3)- 

4.  Cf.  Life,  p.  15,  and  D.N.B.  xxiii.  201,  202-4. 

5.  Viscount  Rochford,  George  Boleyn,  brother  of  Henry's  second 
wife;    D.N.B.  v.  319.     Sir  John  Feneux  or  Fyneux,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  King's  Bench  (1495-1527) ;  D.N.B.  xx.  342. 

6.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  49-51-     'Yo//r  Dean  there,'  John  Higdon ;  cf. 
Cal.  iv.  4074.     '  Mr.  Croke,'  John  Croke,  one  of  the  six  clerks  of 
Chancery ;   cf.  Cal.  iv.  3369.      '  Mr.  Byrton,'  in  Wolsey's  service, 
probably  a  relation  of  Dr.  John  Byrton  or  Burton,  Prior  of  St.  Frides- 
wide's,  Oxford,  afterwards  Abbot  of  Osney  ;  cf.  Cal.  iv.  4074. 

7.  Thomas  Arondell,  one  of  the  gentlemen  of  Wolsey's  privy 
chamber.     '  The  person  that  shalbe  Dean  of  his  saide  Colledge,' 
William  Capon ;  cf.  Cal.  iv.  47.78.     The  'other  londw  ...  his  grace 
hathe  purchased  of  s/>  Antonye  and  s/>  Roberte  Ughtred '  were 
probably  Kexby  and  Catton  in  Yorkshire ;  cf.  Letter  3  and  Cal.  iv. 


NOTES   TO   LETTERS 

388,  2193.  Sir  Anthony  Ughtred  was  Captain  of  Berwick.  'The 
parsonage  of  Rudbye,'  in  Yorkshire,  N.  R  ;  cf.  Letter  8.  '  Snape,' 
Benedictine  Priory  in  Suffolk  ;  cf.  Tanner,  Suff.,  xxxix.  '  Dodneshe ' 
or  Dodnash,  Prior)'  of  Austin  Canons  in  Suffolk ;  cf.  Tanner,  Suff., 
xvii.  '  Wykr '  or  Wikes,  Benedictine  nunnery  in  Essex  ;  cf.  Tanner, 
Essex,  xlvii.  '  Horkisley,'  Cluniac  Priory  in  Essex ;  cf.  Tanner, 
Essex,  xx.  'The  late  Mon<M/0ri  of  Saynct  Peter  suppressed'  is 
probably  Horkisley. 

8.  '  Fynours '  or  refiners  of  Durham.     '  Maister  Babington,'  Sir 
John  Babington,  Knight  of  Rhodes,  but  probably  not  '  lorde  of  Kyl- 
mayne';  cf.  Cal.  iv.  Part  iii,  p.  3210.      '  Saundforde,'  near  Oxford. 
'Willyam  Holgill,'  Master  of  the  Savoy,  and  'my  lorde  Conyers' 
(Christopher,  Lord  Conyers),  were  Commissioners  of  the  Peace  in 
the  North  and  West  Ridings ;  cf.  Cal.  iv.  5083  (10,  1 1). 

9.  Stephen  Gardiner,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Winchester ;  cf.  Life, 
pp.  83-84,  and  D.N.B.  xx.  419.     '  Felixstowe,'  or  Walton  St.  Felix, 
Benedictine  cell  in  Suffolk ;  cf.  Tanner,  Suff.,  xlv.     '  Rumburgh '  or 
Romburc,   Benedictine  cell  in  Suffolk ;   cf.  Tanner,  Suff.,  xxxvii. 
'  Bromehill,'  Priory  of  Austin  Canons  in  Norfolk ;  cf.  Tanner,  Norf., 
ix.     '  The  prior  and  conuent  of  Rochester,'  Benedictine  Priory 
Tanner,  Kent,  xlix.     '  The  abbot  and  conuent  of  Saynct  Maryes  in 
Yorke,'  Benedictine  Abbey;   cf.  Tanner,  Yorks.,  cxxix.   2.      'My 
lorde  of  Oxforde,'  John  de  Vere,  fifteenth  Earl  of  Oxford;  D.N.B. 
Iviii.  242.     '  The  Frenssh  quene,'  Mary  Tudor,  widow  of  Louis  XII  of 
France,  wife  of  Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk ;  D.N.B.  xxxvi. 
397.      'Sayes  courte'  in   Deptford,  Kent.      'Byckeling'   may  be 
Bickley  in  Kent,  near  Sevenoaks,  or  Blickling  in  Norfolk.     It  is 
possible  that  the  first  letter  is  R,  not  B  (Cal.  has  B),  which  would 
make  it  Ryckeling  or  Rickling  in  Essex.     '  Lyesnes '  or  Lesnes  in 
Kent,  near  Dartford. 

10.  '  Mr.  Chaunceler  of  Wynchester,'  possibly  Stephen  Gardiner, 
who  was  made  bishop  there  in  November,  1531.     Bishop  Foxe,  who 
died  in  Oct.  1528,  refers  to  'his  Chancellor'  in  Cal.  iv.  3815,  but 
does  not  mention  the  man's  name.     Le  Neve  gives  no  list  of  the 
Chancellors  of  Winchester.     '  My  systers  daughter,'  probably  Alice, 
sister  of  Christopher  Wellyfed. 

11.  Cf.  Cal.  iv.  5810.     'Maister  Cleybroke,'  William  Claybrook 
or  Clayborough,  LL.D.,  Canon  of  York,  Prothonotary,  one  of  the 
counsel  for  the  King  in  the  trial  of  the  Divorce  at  Dunstable,  in 
May,    1533.      '  Maister  Tonneys,'   Robert   Tonneys,  of   Wolsey's 
council. 

12.  'Willyam  Brabazon,'  Cromwell's  servant;  cf.  Life,  p.  52,  and 
D.N.B.  vi.  138. 

13.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  70-76.     'Mr.  Page,'  Richard  Page,  sen-ant  and 
agent  of  Wolsey's.     This  false  rumour  of  Luther's  death  does  not 
seem  to  have  been  general  in  England.     I  find  no  other  mention  of 
it  in  the  Calendar. 


NOTES    TO   LETTERS  287 

14.  'Doctowr  Leighton,'  Richard  Layton,  afterwards  Cromwell's 
agent  in  suppressing  the  monasteries  ;  D.N.B.  xxxii.  307. 

15.  Cf.  Cal.  iv.  6226,  6249,  6262,  6263.      'Rafe  Sadleyr'  or 
Sadler;    D.N.B.  1.   109.      'Thomas  Rawlyns,'  Canon   of  Norwich 
and  servant  of  Wolsey. 

16.  '  Maister  Stubbis,'  Lawrence  Stubbs,  servant  of  Wolsey;  cf. 
Cal.  iv.  6390,  6495.     'Baudekyn,'  a  rich  embroidered  stuff,  made 
with  warp  of  gold  thread  and  woof  of  silk.     '  Masteres  lacye '  had 
been  robbed  by  her  servant  John  Lawrence,  and  Robert  Turner ; 
cf.  Cal.  iv.  6473. 

17.  '  Mr.  doctour  Carbot,'  Henry  Carbot ;  cf.  Cal.  iv.  6558.    How 
he  was  related  to  Cromwell  I  have  been  unable  to  discover. 

18.  Cf.  Cal.  iv.  6554.     'Office'  or  inquisitions.     Wolsey  had  a 
palace  at  '  Batyrsey '  (Battersea).     '  Scrowes  '  or  scrolls  (Halliwell). 
'Busshop  Bothe,'  Lawrence  Bothe,  Archbishop  of  York;    D.N.B.  v. 
387.     '  Strangwissh '  or  Strangways,   apparently  a  former  agent  of 
Wolsey's;  cf.  Cal.  iv.  4481.     The  prebend  of  Witwang  or  Wetwang, 
in  Yorkshire,  E.R.      The  '  Busshop  of  Bayon«£,'  John  du  Bellay, 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Paris  and  Cardinal,  ambassador  to  England  in 
1527  and  1533;  B.U.  iii.  552.     'My  lord  of  Wyltshyre,'  Thomas, 
father  of  Anne  Boleyn,  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  returned  from  his  embassy 
to  Bologna  in  August,  1530  ;  D.N.B.  v.  321.     'The  seconde  Son  of 
the  emperour  ys  departyd  this  present  lyffe ' ;  cf.  Kervyn  de  Letten- 
hove,  p.  26.     '  Dans  le  m^me  lieu  (Bologna),  1'empereur  apprit  que 
l'impe*ratrice  avail  mis  au  jour  son  deuxieme  fils,  Ferdinand,  dont  la 
mort  lui  fut  annoncee  1'annee  suivante  (1530)  a  Augsbourg.'    '  Cary- 
stye,'  scarcity  (Halliwell) ;  an  Italianism. 

19.  'Nych01as  Gyfforde,'  an  agent  of  Wolsey's  in  suppressing  the 
monasteries.     '  The  prynces  of  [Almayne]  Can  ne  wyllnot  Agree  to 
emperowr ' ;    doubtless  referring  to  the  disputes  at  the   Diet  of 
Augsburg. 

20.  Cf.  Cal.  iv.  6800  (ii).     '  Mr.  Borough '  or  Burgh,  marshal  of 
Wolsey's  household ;  cf.  Cal.  iv,  p.  3048. 

21.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  99-102,  and  Cal.  v.  65,  153,  201.     John  Frith, 
burnt  at  Smithfield,  July  4,  1533;  D.N.B.  xx.  278. 

22.  '  Mr.  Strete,'  Richard  Strete,  Archdeacon  of  Salop,  agent  of 
Cromwell's  in  the  West  of  England ;  cf.  Cal.  v.  13,  332.     'Cawke,' 
a  breeding-place  for  young  hawks ;  cf.  the  verb  '  to  cawken '  in  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp.  223,  241.     'Calliche'  or  Calwich,  in  Staffordshire. 

23.  Cf.  Cal.  v.  302  (ii). 

24.  '  The  gret  maister,'  Anne  de  Montmorency,  Count  Beaumont, 
Grand  Master  of  France;  B.U.*  xxix.  172;   also  life  by  F.  Decrue 
(Paris,  1885-89). 

25.  '  Maister  Heron,'  Giles   Heron  of  Shacklewell,  Middlesex, 
Esquire  of  the  Royal  Body,  and  son-in-law  of  Sir  Thomas  More; 


288  NOTES  TO   LETTERS 

cf.   Cal.   v.   620,   658,  814,   1285  (vii),   (ix\  978  (17),   1139  ( 
1  Rychard  Johnson'  of  Northampton;    cf.   Cal.   v.   1009.      'The 
mannowr  of  High  Hall'  I  have  been  unable  to  identify. 

26.  'Coursers'  or  'courser  men,'  grooms  (Halliwell). 

27.  Cf.  Cal.  v.  670.     Sir  Ralph  Ellercar  of  Yorkshire ;  D.N.B. 
xvii.  243. 

28.  '  Mr.  Wrythesley,'  Thomas  Wryothesley,  afterwards  Sir  Thomas 
Wriothesley,  first  Baron  of  Titchfield  and  Earl  of  Southampton  ; 
D.N.B.  Ixiii.  148.     Gardiner  was  absent  as  ambassador  to  France, 
Dec.  29,  1531— Mar.  7,  1532;  cf.  D.N.B.  xx.  420. 

29.  '  Such  news  as  hathe  Cum  from  Ratyspone,'  doubtless  a  report 
of  the  negotiations  between  the  Emperor  and  the  German  Protes- 
tants.    The  Diet  of  Ratisbon  was  summoned  to  meet  Jan.  6,  1532, 
but  did  not  actually  open  till  April  17.     Charles  came  to  Ratisbon 
Feb.  28.     Cf.  Baumgarten,  iii.  100. 

30.  '  The  Freer  carmelyte,'  probably  a  spy  of  Cromwell's.    '  Jamys 
Gryffyth  ap  Howell '  (son  of  Sir  Rice  ap  Thomas),  prisoner  in  the 
Tower,  later  escaped  to  Scotland ;  cf.  Cal.  v.  657,  724(9),  1285  (iii); 
vi.  876,  892,  1591. 

31.  'Rice  app  Griff.  Esquier,'  brother-in-law  to  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk, beheaded  Dec.  4,  1531  ;  cf.  Cal.  v.  432,  563. 

32.  'Maister  Rowland'  I  have  been  unable  to  identify.     The 
name  may  possibly  refer  to  Dr.  Rowland  Lee,  Cromwell's  friend, 
who  was  at  that  time  King's  Chaplain  and  Master  in  Chancery,  and 
later  became  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichficld  ;  D.N.B.  xxxii.  373. 
4  Kerry  Williams,'  Canon  of  King  Henry  VIII's  College  at  Oxford. 
Garsington,  near  Oxford.     The  Benedictine  Priory  in  Wallingford 
was  dissolved  by  Wolsey  to  the  use  of  his  college  in   1528;  cf. 
Tanner,  Berks.,  xxiii. 

33.  Robert  Hogan,  besides  being  the  King's  '  Maister  Coke,'  was 
one  of  the  walking  foresters  of  Galtresse  Forest,  and  one  of  the  riding 
foresters  in  the  same;  also  keeper  of  the  King's  orchard  in  the 
lordship  of  Sherefhoton,  Yorkshire;  cf.  Cal.  v.  318  (29),  457  (3). 

34.  Cf.  Cal.  v.  1561. 

35.  Cf.  Cal.  v.  961,  1304.     Sir  John  Fiujames,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  King's  Bench;  D.N.B.  xix.  179,  and  Foss,  i.  160-169.     Jonn 
Elya  received  the  temporalties  of  Bruton  as  abbot,-  14  July,  25 
Hen.  VIII ;  cf.  Dugdale,  vi.  335,  and  Tanner,  Somerset,  ix.    '  Lorde 
Lisle,'  Arthur  Plantagenet,  Viscount  Lisle;  cf.  Life,  pp.  i6off.,  and 
D.N.B.  xlv.  399. 

36.  SirWilliam  Spencer,  Sheriff  of  Northamptonshire,  died  June  20, 
1532 ;  cf.  Cal.  v.  1051,  and  note  2  to  page  477.     Sir  William  Paulet 
or  Poulet,  Master  of  the  Wards,  Surveyor-General,  Controller  of  the 
Household,  and  '  Surveyor  of  the  King's  widows  and  Governor  of 
all  idiots  and  naturals  in  the  King's  hands ' ;  afterwards  Marquis 
of  Winchester;  D.N.B.  xliv.  92.     Edmund  Knightley,  Serjeant-at- 


NOTES   TO   LETTERS  289 

law;  cf.  Cal.  v.  1336,  1368,  1455,  1518.  Thomas  Alvard,  Master 
of  Works;  cf.  Cal.  v.  953.  'Cornelys,'  Cornelius  Hayes,  goldsmith; 
cf.  Cal.  v.  1237,  1299,  1376.  A  few  weeks  after  writing  this  letter 
Cromwell  accompanied  the  King  to  Calais ;  cf.  Cal.  v.  App.  33. 

37.  The  Abbot  of  Bury  was  John  Melford,  alias  Reeve,  S.T.B., 
who  received  the  temporalties  of  the  monastery  April  24,  1514;  cf. 
Dugdale,  iii.  115,  and  Tanner,  Suffolk,  x.  i.    Richard  Malery,  mercer, 
of  London;  cf.  Cal.  v.  166  (54). 

38.  Cf.  Cal.  v.  1286-7,  J46°,  *559>  l635-     Tne  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland, Henry  Percy,  Warden  of  the  East  and  Middle  Marches, 
Sheriff  of  Northumberland  for  life ;  D.N.B.  xliv.  416. 

39.  '  The  Kynges  Buildings '  were  three  hew  houses  adjoining 
the  royal  lodgings  in  the  Tower;  cf.  Cal.  v.  1781.     On  the  Abbot  of 
Bury,  cf.  notes  to  Letter  37. 

40.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  167,  218.     The  Bishop  of  Ely,  Nicholas  West, 
diplomatist  and  chaplain  to  the  Queen ;  D.N.B.  Ix.  335. 

41.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  348.    Lord  Scrope,  Henry,  Lord  Scrope  of  Bolton, 
died  Oct.  1533;  cf.  Cal.  vi.  1382. 

42.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  578  (50).     The  Duke  of  Suffolk,  Charles  Brandon, 
brother-in-law  of  the  King,  Earl  Marshal  1523-33;  D.N.B.  vi.  218. 
Norfolk's  'gret  Jorney  in  Ambassade,'  referring  to  the  Duke's  mission 
to  the  Court  of  France  in  May,  1533,  to  urge  the  French  King  to 
support  Henry  against  the  Pope ;  D.N.B.  xxviii.  66. 

43.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  389.     '  The  Chanon  of  Colwyche,'  Dr.  David  Pole 
or  Powle. 

44.  Arthur  Plantagenet,  Viscount  Lisle,  Vice-Admiral  of  England, 
Deputy  of  Calais  (March,  1533);  cf.  notes  to  Letter  35. 

45.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  855,  859,   903.     'Mr.  doctowr  Hawkyns,'  Nic. 
Hawkins,  nephew   and    godson    of   Bishop  West   of    Ely,   Arch- 
deacon of  Ely,  ambassador  with  the  Emperor;  D.N.R  xxv.  222. 
For  the  '  packet  of  \etterzs  and  instructions,'  cf.  Cal.  vi.  775. 

46.  Nicholas  Glossop,  nephew  of  Cromwell's  mother;  cf.  Life, 
pp.  4,  5,  and  Cal.  vi.  696,  697.     'My  late  lorde  of  Caunterbury,' 
Archbishop  William  Warham,  died  Aug.  22,  1532  ;  D.N.B.  lix.  378. 

47.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  841  (ii).    '  Tharchebisshop  of  Duntlyn '  (Dublin), 
John  Alen,  Cromwell's  companion  in  Wolsey's  service;   cf.  Life, 
p.  50,  and  D.N.B.  i.  305.     Rayleigh,  in  Essex. 

48.  Audeley,  Sir  Thomas,  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal  (1532),  Lord 
Chancellor  (Jan.  26,  1533);  D.N.B.  ii.  254,  and  Campbell,  i.  599- 
639.    William  Gonson,  employed  irv rigging  and  repairing  the  King's 
ships;  cf.  Cal.  vi.  992,  1367,  1381. 

49.  Walter  Luke,  Serjeant-at-arms,  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench ; 
cf.  Cal.  vi.  1371.     On  'Anthony  Stydolffe,'  cf.  Cal.  vi.  841  (ii). 

52.   '  The  lorde  Dacre,'  William,  Lord  Dacre  of  Gillesland,  Warden 
of  the  West  Marches.    For  his  letters,  cf.  Cal.  vi.  750,  876.    For  the 

MERRIMAN      II  U 


290  NOTES  TO   LETTERS 

'  \ftffrcs  .  .  .  from  my  Lorde  Deputie  of  Calays,'  cf.  Cal.  vi.  839.  On 
'  the  Freres  obseruantw,'  Payne  and  Cornelius,  cf.  Froude,  i.  169,  170. 
Ware,  in  Hertfordshire.  *  The  warden  of  the  grey  Freres  of  Grene- 
wich,'  Thomas  Sydynham  ;  cf.  Cal.  vi.  705.  '  The  Ipocryte  Nunne/ 
Elizabeth  Barton,  cf.  Life,  pp.  118-9,  and  D.N.B.  iii.  343.  For  the 
payments  by  the  Staple,  cf.  Cal.  vi.  1319. 

54.  Wobum,  Cistercian  Abbey  in  Bedfordshire ;  cf.  Tanner,  Bedf., 
xxi ;  Abbot,  Robert  Hobbes ;  cf.  Cal.  vi.  779.     Vawdy  or  Vallis  Dei, 
Cistercian  Abbey  in  Lincolnshire,  cf.  Tanner,  Line.,  Ixxxiii ;  Abbot, 
Henry  — :  the  name  is  not  given  in  Dugdale;  cf.  Cal.  v.  1477. 

55.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  1024-7.     Sir  Richard  Whethel,  Mayor  of  Calais; 
cf.  Cal.  vi.  947. 

56.  The  French  ambassador,  John  de  Dinteville,  Sieur  de  Polizi, 
Bailly  of  Troyes,  Maitre  d'hotel  of  Francis  I. 

57.  Robert  Baynam,  alderman  of  Calais ;  cf.  Cal.  vi.  539. 

58.  '  My  lord  Chaunceler,'  Thomas  Audley.    D.N.B.  ii.  254,  and 
Campbell,  i.  599-639. 

59.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  913,  1513.      Byland,  Cistercian  Abbey  in  York- 
shire ;  Abbot,  John  Ledes ;  cf.  Dugdale,  v.  345,  and  Tanner,  York- 
shire, xxi.      Fountains,  Benedictine  Abbey  in  Yorkshire ;   Abbot, 
William  Thirske ;  cf.  Dugdale,  v.  289,  and  Tanner,  Yorkshire,  xlii. 
Kievaulx,   Cistercian  Abbey  in   Yorkshire.     The  old  Abbot  was 
William  Helmesley,  the  new  one  Richard  Ely  ton ;   cf.  Dugdale,  v. 
277,  and  Tanner,  Yorkshire,  ci. 

60.  Cf.  CaL  vi.  1328. 

61.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  578(8).     Netley,  Lettely  (Laetus  Locus),  or  Ed- 
wardstow ;  or  de  loco  s.  Edwardi  juxta  Southampton ;    Cistercian 
Abbey  in  Hampshire ;  Abbot,  Thomas  Stevens  ;  cf.  Tanner,  Hants, 
xxii,  and  Dugdale,  v.  695. 

03.  '  My  lorde  of  london,'  Bishop  John  Stokesley  ;  D.N.B.  liv.  403. 
*S/>  Will/am  Cowplaunde,'  possibly  the  man  mentioned  in  letter 
12,  q.v. 

64.  Christopher  Mont  or  Mount,  sent  to  Germany  in  1533  and 
1534 ;  cf.  Life,  p.  219 ;  D.N.B.  xxxviii.  204 ;  and  Cal.  vi.  1039,  1115, 
1 2 1 2.  '  The  Dukes  of  Bauarie,'  Louis,  Count  Palatine,  and  Frederic 
his  brother,  of  the  Palatinate  branch  of  the  Wittelsbach  family; 
cf.  A.D.B.  xix.  575 ;  vii.  603.  '  Mr.  Hubertus  Thomas,'  Hubertus 
Thomas  I^eodius,  Secretary  to  Frederic,  Count  Palatine,  and  his- 
torian of  the  Peasants'  War. 

65.  '  Freer  Lawraunce ' ;  cf.  Cal.  vi.  309.  The  two  '  strange 
Freers  of  the  order  of  obsmiantto '  were  probably  Hugh  Payne  and 
Cornelius;  cf.  Letter  52.  'Freer  Petow,' William  Peto,  Provincial 
of  the  Grey  Friars,  afterwards  Cardinal ;  cf.  Life,  p.  98,  and  D.N.B. 
xlv.  88.  Robert  Fowter,  Vice-Treasurer  of  Calais ;  cf.  Cal.  vi.  947. 
On  the  Emperor's  debt  to  England,  cf.  Baumgarten,  ii.  25,  88,  126, 
*94,  436»  639- 


NOTES   TO   LETTERS  291 

66.  Cf.  Life,  p.  219,  and  Cal.  vii.  21,  48.     Cranmer  was  raised  to 
the  See  of  Canterbury,  Mar.  30,  1533;  cf.  D.N.B.  xiii.  20.     'Mr. 
hethe,'  Nicholas  Heath,  afterwards  Archbishop  of  York  and  Lord 
Chancellor;  D.N.B.  xxv.  345,  and  Campbell,  ii.  72,  86. 

67.  '  Sir  Rychard  Weston ' ;  D.N.B.  Ix.  363.     The  « byll '  was  the 
c  Acte  concernyng  Fermes  &  Shepe,'  25  Hen.  VIII.  c.  13.   ( Brewtyse,' 
Brutus. 

68.  Cf.  Cal.  vii.  116,  136,  239,  240;  D.N.B.  xix.  58;  and  Life, 
pp.  119,  122.     Fisher's  letter  of  Feb.  18  is  apparently  not  extant. 
For  the  'saing  of  the  prophete  Amos,'  cf.  Amos  iii.  7.     On  'the 
Israelite  spoyling  the  egiptians,'  cf.  Exodus  xi ;  on  '  Jacob  to  haue 
iiij   wifes,'  cf.  Genesis  xxix-xxx.      'Master  Pacy,'   Richard  Pace, 
ambassador,  and  Dean  of  St.  Paul's;  cf.  Cal.  vii.  1559,  and  D.N.B. 
xliii.  22. 

69.  The  Sheriff  of  Yorkshire,  John   Constable  of  Holderness, 
knight.     On  Sir  John  Dunham,  cf.  Cal.  viii.  802  (4). 

70.  '  [Shire]borne '  or  Sherborne,  near  Basingstoke. 

71.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  120,  121,  and  Cal.  vii.  499. 

72.  Wenlock,  Cluniac  Priory  in  Shropshire;  Prior,  John  Bayly; 
cf.  Tanner,  Salop,  xxviii.   2,  and  Dugdale,  v.  73.     'Mr.  Norreys,' 
Henry  Norris,  Esquire  of  the  Body,  Chief  of  the  Privy  Chamber, 
Chamberlain  of  North  Wales  and  Constable  of  Beaumaris  Castle ; 
D.N.B.  xli.  121. 

73.  Dr.   Sampson,    Richard    Sampson,   LL.D.,   Archdeacon    of 
Suffolk,  Dean  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Lichfield ; 
D.N.B.  1.  230.    '  My  lorde  of  Chester,'  Dr.  Rowland  Lee,  Cromwell's 
friend;  D.N.B.  xxxii.  373. 

74.  '  Harmywe,'  Armuyden,  in  Zeeland. 

76.  The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  George,  Lord  Talbot  and  Furnival, 
Earl  of  Waterford  and  Lord  High  Steward ;  D.N.B.  Iv.  313.  I  have 
l>een  unable  to  identify  '  th'  Ermyte.' 

78.  Cf.  Cal.  vi.  937;  vii.  923  (xxi).     This  letter  has  been  acci- 
dentally misplaced;  it  belongs  to  the  year  1533.    Cf.  Cal.  vii,  Notes 
and  Errata,  p.  776.     St.  Austin's,  or  St.  Augustine's,  Benedictine 
Abbey  in  Canterbury ;  Abbot,  John  Sturvey,  alias  Essex ;  cf.  Tanner, 
Kent,  xii.  2,  and  Dugdale,  i.  123.    On  George  Goldwyne,  cf.  Cal.  vii, 
923  (xxi). 

79.  George   Brooke,    Lord  Cobham,  Subsidy  Commissioner  in 
Kent ;  cf.  Cal.  viii.  386.     '  The  ferme  of  the  parsonage,'  in  the  lord- 
ship of  Hailing  or  Hawling  in  Kent,  belonged  to  the  Bishop  of 
Rochester;  cf.  Cal.  vii.  557  (ii);  App.  21,  27. 

80.  Whelpeley  and  his  company  were  apparently  little  better  than 
pirates;  cf.  Cal.  vii.  1278. 

82.  Lord  Edmund  Howard,  Controller  of  Calais,  a  younger 
brother  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk. 

U  a 


NOTES  TO  LETTERS 

83.  '  My  lord  of  York,'  Dr.  Edward  Lee,  Archbishop ;  D.N.B. 
xxxii.  347. 

84.  Sir  Robert  Wingfield,  diplomatist,  Deputy  of  Calais  (1526- 
1531),  Mayor  of  Calais  (1534);  D.N.B.  Ixii.  193.     For  the  'anoy- 
saunces,'  cf.  Cal.  vii.  1076,  1335,  1502,  1525. 

85.  Thomas  Bartlett,  Berthelet  or  Berthollet,  the  King's  printer. 
'  The  proclamac/on,'  probably  an  edict  concerning  the  purchase  and 
sale  of  wheat  and  rye ;  cf.  Cal.  vii.  1684. 

86.  '  The  Surveyowr,'  William  Lelegrave  or  Lilgrave. 

87.  Lady  Lisle,  Honor  Grenville,  widow  of  Sir  John  Basset,  mar- 
ried to  Lord  Lisle  in  1528;  cf.  D.N.B.  xlv.  400. 

88.  'Mr.  Sowthwell,'  a  rich  broker  in  London  :  cf.  Cal.  vii.  512. 

89.  '  Mr.  Alen,'  probably  Mr.  Thomas  Allen,  of  Rayleigh  in  Essex, 
brother  of  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin ;  cf.  Letter  47* 

90.  Thomas  Miller,  probably  the  bailiff  of  Subberton  in  Hamp- 
shire ;  cf.  Cal.  vii.  1666. 

92.  Cf.  Cal.  vii.  617,  619,  903.  The  Chancellor  of  the  Univer- 
sity, John  Longland,  Bishop  of  Lincoln;  D.N.B.  xxxiv.  120.  The 
Commissary,  Dr.  William  Tresham. 

94.  Dudley,  Cluniac  Priory,  then  in  Staffordshire,  now  in  Worces- 
tershire ;  Prior,  John  Webley ;  cf.  Tanner,  Staffs,  x,  and  Dugdale, 
v.  82. 

95.  The  Mayor  of  London,  Sir  John  Champneys;  D.N.B.  x.  36. 

96.  Henry  Burton ;  cf.  Cal.  v.  766  (40),  and  Letter  6.      '  Ladye 
Carewe,'  probably  the  wife  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew,  Master  of  the 
King's  Horse;  D.N.B.  ix.  56. 

97.  Cf.  Cal.  viii.  56,  and  Letter  76. 

98.  Cf.  Cal.  viii.  1 74.     Philip  Chabot,  Sieur  de  Brion,  Admiral  of 
France;   B.U.  vii.  381.     'Mr.  le  Tresorier  Palamedes,'  Palamedes 
Gontier,  Treasurer  of  Brittany;  cf.  Life,  p.  225. 

100-1.  Cf.  Cal.  viii.  17,  233,  251.  Sir  Gregory  da  Casale, 
English  agent  at  Rome. 

102.  '  Master  Riche,'  Richard  Riche,  Solicitor-General,  afterwards 
knight,  Chancellor  of  the  Augmentations,   and   Lord  Chancellor; 
D.N.B.  xlviii.  123,  and  Campbell,  ii.  9-27. 

103.  Trewardreth  or  Tywardreth  in  Cornwall,  alien  Priory ;  Prior, 
Thomas  Collyns;  cf.  Tanner,  Corn.,  xxxiv,  and  Dugdale,  iv.  655. 
Fowey,  seaport  in  Cornwall.     '  Thomas  Treffry  '  of  Cornwall,  sent  to 
Cromwell  by  Edward  Wigan,   vicar  of  Plymouth;   cf.   Cal.   viii. 
»49  (5°).  6?6. 

104.  Dr.  John  London,  Warden  of  New  College,  later  employed 
by  Cromwell  in  connexion  with  the  suppression  of  the  monasteries 
and  houses  of  friars;  cf.  Life,  p.  177,  and  D.N.B.  xxxiv.  97.     John 
Claymond,  President  of  Corpus  Christi  College;   D.N.B.  xi.   n. 


NOTES  TO  LETTERS  293 

'The  Presedent  of  Mawdelyn  College,'  Thomas  Knolles,  S.T.P., 
appointed  1527,  resigned  1535,  to  be  succeeded  however,  not  by 
Marshall,  but  by  Owen  Oglethorpe,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Carlisle ; 
cf.  Life,  p.  143,  and  Wilson's  Magdalen,  p.  80. 

105.  The  Earl  of  Cumberland,  Henry,  fifteenth  Lord  Clifford, 
Warden  of  the  West  Marches;  D.N.B.  xi.  63. 

106.  Cf.  Life,  p.  142;  Cooper,  vol.  i.  pp.  371  ff. ;  and  Letters 
1 1 6,    124,    129,    1 86,   206.      The   Mayor  of  Cambridge,    Edward 
Thompson.     The  Vice-Chancellor  of  Cambridge  University,  John 
Edmonds.     On  the  order,    'takyn   the  last  yere  at   Lambeheth,' 
cf.  Cal.  vii.  1003. 

107.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  123-5.     'Mr.  Attorney,'  Christopher  Hales; 
D.N.B.  xxiv.  26.      '  My  lorde  Chauncelor,'  Sir  Thomas  Audeley. 
*  My  lorde  cheffe  Justyce  of  the  kyngw  bench,'  Sir  John  Fitzjames ; 
D.N.B.  xix.  179,  and  Foss,  i.  160-9.     'The  cheffe  Justyce  of  the 
Cowmon   place,'   Sir  Robert   Norwich;  cf.  Cal.  vol.  viii.   Index; 
D.N.B.  xli.  228;  iii.  37;  and  Beatson,  pt.  iii.  p.  73.     'The  cheffe 
Barren  of  the  Exchequer,'  Richard  Leicester.     '  Mr.  Fytzeherberd,' 
Sir  Anthony  Fitzherbert,  Justice.     'Mr.  Solysytor,'  William  Whor- 
wood  succeeded  Sir  Richard  Riche  in  this  office  April  13,  1535  ;  cf. 
Beatson,  pt.  iii.  p.  93.    The  Statute  '  made  in  the  Fyfte  yere  of  Kyng 
Rychard  the  seconde,'  5  Ric.  II.  Stat.  i.  c.  2. 

108.  Sir  John  Russell  the  Younger,  J.P.,  not  Sir  John  Russell  of 
the  Privy  Chamber,  who  later  became  Earl  of  Bedford.     Wynter, 
Pakyngton,  and  Vampage  were  all  prominent  men  in  Worcestershire. 
Pakyngton  was  also  Justiciar  of  North  Wales;  cf.  Cal.  viii.   149 
(32,  61). 

109.  John  Russell,  Esquire,  of  Worcester,  J.P.,  probably  a  con- 
nexion of  Sir  John  Russell  the  Younger ;  cf.  Life,  p.  117,  and  Cal. 
i.v  1124. 

110.  Cf.  Cal.  viii.  uio-i,  1123.      'Mr.  Boner,'  Edmund  Bonner, 
LL.D.,   afterwards   Bishop  of  Hereford  and   Bishop  of  London ; 
D.N.B.  v.  356.     'The  Duke  of  Holste,'  Christian  III,  King  of  Den- 
mark ;  A.D.B.  iv.  184.     'Cauendish,'  Richard  Cavendish,  sent  to 
Denmark  with  Bonner.     '  Mr.  gostwike,'  John  Gostwick,  Treasurer 
of  the  First  Fruits. 

111.  Cf.  Cal.  viii.  not.     Ewelme,  in  Oxfordshire.     'Donyngton,' 
or  Donnington,  in  Berkshire,  near  Newbury.      '  Hokenorton,'   or 
Hooknorton,  in  Oxfordshire. 

112.  The  Earl  of  Rutland,  Thomas  Manners;  D.N.B.  xxxvi.  56. 

113.  Sir  John  Wallop,  Captain   of  Calais  Castle  and   English 
ambassador  at  the  Court  of  France;    D.N.B.  lix.   152.     'Philip 
Melanchton,'  the  friend  and  disciple  of  Luther;  cf.  Life,  p.  226,  and 
A.D.B.  xxi.  268.     'The  king«  highnes  pencions,'  probably  referring 
to  the  annual  contribution  of  50,000  ecus  promised  in  April,  1527, 
by  Francis  I  to  Henry  VIII,  on  condition  that  the  latter  would 


NOTES   TO   LETTERS 

renounce  all  claim  to  the  throne  of  France ;  cf.  Mignet,  ii.  1 15,  318  ; 
also  Cal.  v.  1504-5.  'The  frensh  king  .  .  .  being  last  at  Marcelto 
wit^  Pope  Clement';  cf.  Life,  p.  218,  and  Cal.  vi.  1425,  1426; 
'The  grete  Maister,'  Anne  de  Montmorency,  Count  Beaumont; 
cf.  notes  to  Letter  24.  '  Christofer  Mount ' ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  64. 

*  Mounsifur  de  Langie,'  Guillaume  du  Bellay,  Sieur  de  Langey,  sent 
to  the  German  Protestants  by  Francis  I  in  1535;  B.U.  iii.  551. 

Heynes,'  Simon  Heynes,  S.T.P.,  Canon  of  Windsor,  Master  of 
Queens'  College,  Cambridge,  and  vicar  of  Stepney,  sent  to  France  in 
'535J  D.N.B.  xxvi.  325. 

114.  'The  Busshop  elect,'  Charles  Booth,  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
died  in  the  summer  of  1535,  and  was  succeeded  by  Edward  Foxe, 
King's  Almoner,  Archdeacon  of  Leicester,  Provost  of  King's  College, 
and  English  ambassador  to  the  German  Princes  in  the  autumn  of 
1535  ;  cf.  D.N.B.  xx.  113,  and  Life,  p.  227. 

113.  Wilton,  Benedictine  nunnery  in  Wiltshire ;  Abbess,  Cecilia 
Bodenham ;  cf.  Tanner,  Wilts.,  xxxvii,  and  Dugdale,  ii.  318.  The 

*  Ferme  of  Chalke'  and  the  '  Manowr  of  Semky,'  in  Chalke  Hundred, 
Wiltshire. 

116.  Cf.  Cooper,  vol.  i.  pp.  372  ff.,and  Letters  106,  124,  129,  186, 
206.    Cromwell  was  elected  Chancellor  of  Cambridge  Aug.  30, 1535 ; 
cf.  Cal.  ix.  208. 

117.  On  the  Emperor's  expedition  against  Tunis,  cf.  Cal.  ix.  602. 
'  Domini  de  granuell,'  Nic.  Perrenot,  Sieur  de  Granvelle,  Counsellor  to 
the  Emperor ;  A.D.B.  ix.  580.    On  Chapuys  and  the  Princess  Mary, 
cf.  Life,  pp.  216-7. 

118.  'The  Busshop  of  Wissetour,'  Hugh  Latimer,  consecrated 
1535;  D.N.B.  xxxii.  171. 

119.  The  Countess  of  Oxford,  Anne,  widow  of  John  de  Vere, 
fourteenth  Earl  of  Oxford,  and  half-sister  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk. 
'The  parke   and    Bailliswike    of  Camps,'  in  Chilford    Hundred, 
Cambridge. 

120.  'My  mannowr  of  Rompney,'  in  Monmouth,  of  which  Davyc 
Morgan  Kemys  was  keeper ;  cf.  Cal.  ix.  478. 

121.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  117. 

122.  Cf.  Cal.  viii.  1121,  and  ix.  202.     '  Domino  Parisiensi,'  Jean 
du  Bellay ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  18.    'Epiaqfi  Roffensis,' John  Fisher. 

124.  Cf.  Cooper,  vol.  i.  pp.  373  ff.,  and  Letters  106,  116,  129, 
1 86,  206. 

125.  For  the  laws  against  the  'Conveyaunce  of  Corne  &  other 
thing«  out  of  this  Realme,'  cf.  25  Hen.  VIII.  c.  2. 

12G.  Gardiner  was  sent  to  France  in  October,  1535;  cf.  D.N.B. 
xx.  419,  and  Cal.  ix.  676.  'Maister  brian,'  Sir  Francis  Brian; 
D.N.B.  vii.  150.  'His  highnes  k/fcres/  Cal.  ix.  838.  On  'the 
delyueraye  of  the  shippes,'  cf.  CaL  ix.  714,  and  Life,  p.  226.  On 


NOTES   TO    LETTERS  295 

'tharticles  sent  by  Melancton,'  cf.  Cal.  ix.  281,  299,  540,  546. 
'  Luthers  epistle,'  probably  Cal.  ix.  355.  For  Gardiner's  oration, 
De  Vera  Obedientia,  cf.  Cal.  ix.  403,  442,  and  D.N.B.  xx.  419. 
*  The  deane '  of  the  Royal  Chapel,  Dr.  Richard  Sampson,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Chichester ;  D.N.B.  1.  230.  On  Francis'  'recou^rye  in  the 
procession,'  cf.  Cal.  ix.  812,  86 1. 

127-8.  Cf.  Cal.  ix.  App.  7.  'The  treatie  belli  offensiui  ratified 
at  Amyans,'  probably  referring  to  the  treaties  of  Aug.  18,  1527  ; 
cf.  Cal.  iv.  3356.  For  the  money  'lent  to  the  Duke  of  Bavier,'  and 
'  for  the  assistence  of  the  duke  of  Wittenberge '  (Ulrich  of  VVurtem- 
berg,  A.D.B.  xxxix.  237),  cf.  Cal.  v.  807,  vii.  784.  On  the  'penc/bn 
and  salt  moneye,'  cf.  notes  to  Letter  113,  and  Introduction  to  Cal.  iv. 
pp.  clxxxix-cciii.  'Thempm>w«  Ambassador/-,'  John  Hannaert, 
V'iscount  of  Lombeek.and  Liedekerke,  Imperial  envoy  to  the  Court 
of  France. 

129.  Cf.  Cooper,  vol.  i.  pp.  377  ff.,  and  Letters  106,  116,  124, 
1 86,  206. 

1 30.  The  letters  referred  to  are  apparently  not  extant. 

131.  The  King's  'highnes  letteres  nowe  addressed  vnto  youe'  are 
not  in  the  Calendar.    The  '  \ettexo.  sent  from  themperours  Ambassador 
here,'  probably  Chapuys'  letter  to  the  King,  mentioned  in  Cal. 
ix.  1050. 

132.  Cf.  Cal.  ix.  1126.     Montacute,  Cluniac  Priory  in  Somerset; 
Prior,  Robert  Shirburn ;  cf.  Tanner,  Somerset,  xxxiii,  and  Dugdale, 
v.  164.     On  'Mr.  Norres,'  cf.  notes  to  Letter  72. 

133.  Cf.  Life,  p.  203.     'Master  starkey,'  Thomas  Starkey,  Pole's 
friend;  D.N.B.  liv.  109. 

135.  Cf.  Cal.  x.  25,  and  Life,  p.  226. 

136.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  229-30.     '  Thadmyrall,'  Philip  Chabot,  Sieur 
de  Brion  ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  98. 

137.  Cf.  Cal.  x.  235  ('the  kingw  highnes  htf/^res'),  and  x.  256 
(Gardiner's  opinion  of  the  German  negotiations).     For  'my  lorde  of 
Herford^  preceding*?.?  in  Germany,'  cf.  Life,  p.  227. 

139.  '  Maister  pate.'  Richard  Pate,  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln, 
nephew  of  Bishop  Longland,  ambassador;  D.N.B.  xliv.  10.  Salis- 
bury was  taken  into  Gardiner's  service  and  sent  back  to  England  in 
May  with  letters  to  the  King ;  cf.  Cal.  x.  598,  873.  '  The  ambas- 
sador of  fraunce,'  Antoine  de  Castelnau,  Bishop  of  Tarbes,  nephew 
of  Cardinal  Grammont.  '  Pomeray,'  Giles  de  la  Pommeraye,  French 
ambassador  to  England,  1531-2. 

141.  'Carew'  in  Pembrokeshire.     'My  ladye  Katherynes  preest,' 
George  Athequa,  Bishop  of  Llandaff;  cf.  Friedmann,  ii.  162-8. 

142.  'Mr.  Ratclyff,'  probably  Sir  Alexander  Ratcliff,  afterwards 
Sheriff  of  Cheshire.     'Mr.  Gage,'  Sir  John  Gage;  D.N.B.  xx.  350. 


~'.M;  NOTES  TO  LETTERS 

1  My  man  Wyll/amson,'  John  Williamson,  Cromwell's  agent,  and  the 
husband  of  his  wife's  sister,  Joan ;  cf.  Life,  pp.  55-60. 

143.  Westchester  or  Chester. 

144.  Cf.  Cal.  x.  875.     John  Whalley,  Comptroller  of  the  Mint, 
paymaster  of  the  works  at  Dover.     Wingfield  does  not   seem  to 
have  been  very  successful  in  his  new  office ;  cf.  Cal.  x.  985,  and 
Letter  172. 

145.  Cf.  Cal.  x.  725.     'The  matier'  referred  to  in  the  postscript 
of  Gardiner's  letters  was  a  rumour  of  peace  between  Francis  and 
Charles.     For  the  'Overtures'  made  by  the  Imperial  ambassador, 
cf.  Life,  pp.  231-2.     'Thadeus,'  Bolle  a  courier. 

146.  Cf.  Cal.  x.  760. 

147.  'Tharryval  of  the  baylie  of  Troys';   John  de  Dinteville 
came  to  London  May  17,  three  days  after  this  letter  was  sent. 
4  Mark«,'  Mark  Smeton,  organist  or  spinnet-player.    4  Norres,'  Henry 
Norris,  Esquire  of  the  Body;   cf.  notes  to  Letter  72;  Sir  Francis 
Weston,  D.N.B.  Ix.  360;  William  Brereton,  of  the  Privy  Chamber, 
Chamberlain  of  Chester;   all  executed  May  17,  1536.     On  'the 
IIIC   that  were  out  among;;  thise  men,'  cf.  Friedmann,  ii.  308-9. 
'  The  vicar  of  hell/  a  popular  nickname  for  Sir  Francis  Brian. 

148.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  125-9. 

149.  Cf.  Cal.  x.  1069,  1085,  and  Life,  pp.  233-4.     'Thempwwrs 
Ambassadowr '  in   France,   John  Hannaert;    cf.   notes  to   Letters 
127-8. 

150.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  216-7,  and  Cal.  x.  1108-9,  1129,  1133,  1136, 
1137.     The  'Articles'  were  three  in  number:  (i)  an  acknowledge- 
ment of  the  King  as  sovereign,  and  a  promise  to  obey  his  laws;  (2) 
a  recognition  of  the  King's  title  of  Supreme  Head,  and  a  repudiation 
of  the  Papal  authority ;  (3)  a  confession  that  the  marriage  of  Henry 
and  Katherine  was  '  by  God's  law  and  man's  law  incestuous  and  un- 
lawful.'    For  the  completion  of  the  mutilated  portions  of  this  draft, 
cf.  Sylloge  Epistolarum,  p.  137. 

151.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  149. 

152.  Sir  Brian  Tuke,  Treasurer  of  the  Chamber,  D.N.B.  Ivii.  295. 
4  Norray  nowe  clarencieulx  kinge  at  Armes,'  Thomas  Hawley,  Norroy 
King  of  Arms  (1534);  King  of  Arms  and  Principal  Herald  of  the 
southern,  eastern,  and  western  parts  of  the  kingdom,  with  the  name 
Clarencieulx  (May  19,  1536);  cf.  Cal.  x.  1015(15).    '  Lorde  Will/am 
Howarde,'  first  Baron  Howard  of  Effingham,  half-brother  to  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk;  D.N.B.  xxviii.  77.     'The  busshope  then  elect  of 
Assaph   nowe  elect  of   Saynt   Davys,'  William   Barlow,    Prior  of 
Haverford  West,   and   Prior  Commendatory  of  Bisham  ;    Bishop 
of  St   Asaph  (Jan. — Apr.    1536),   Bishop  of  St.    David's  (April, 
1536);  D.N.B.  iit.  229.     On  their  embassy  to  Scotland,  cf.  Life, 
pp.  157-8. 

153.  Cf.  Cal.  ».  28,  and  notes  to  Letter  147.     For  'the  treatie 


NOTES   TO   LETTERS  297 

the  FrencheKing  made  last  whenne  ponvrey  was  here,'  cf.  Cal. 
v-  *337>  and  notes  to  Letter  139. 

154.  John  Harding,  vicar  of  Overton  subtus  Arderne  in  Leices- 
tershire; cf.  Valor  Ecclesiasticus,  iv.  181,  and  note  to  page  26  of 
Cal.  xi. 

156.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  151,  and  notes  to  Letter  147. 

157.  Edward  Thwaytes,  a  magistrate  in  Canterbury.     'The  office 
of  the  Lantern,'  the  Keepership  of  the  Lighthouse  of  Calais. 

159.  Cf.  Life,  p.  131,  and  Dixon,  vol.  i.  pp.  441-4. 

160.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  144,  and  Cal.  xi.  1254. 

161.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  407,  495.       'The   vicar   of   crowley,'  James 
Pratt. 

162.  Sir  John  Clark,  Commissioner  of  the  Peace  in  Oxfordshire; 
cf.  Cal.  xi.  580,  1406,  1217(20).     John  Williams  and  George  Gifford, 
both  agents  of  Cromwell's;   cf.  Cal.  xi.  227,  353,  888.     Sir  John 
Browne,  Commissioner  of  the  Peace  in  Oxfordshire. 

163.  St.  Faith's,  or  Horsham  St.  Faith's,  Benedictine  Priory  in 
Norfolk;  Prior,  John  Sarisbury,  Suffragan  Bishop  of  Thetford;  cf. 
Tanner,  Norf.,  xxxiv.  i,  and  Dugdale,  iii.  635.     'The  labor  off  yower 
Frynd«';  cf.  Cal.  xi.   327.      'My  chaplaine,'  possibly  Dr.   Legh. 
This  letter  and  no.  180  are  written  in  a  hand  which  I  have  not  met 
with  elsewhere  in  Cromwell's  correspondence ;  the  spelling  is  parti- 
cularly curious. 

164.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  407,  495.     'The  person  that  ye  wrote  to  me  of,' 
James  Pratt,  vicar   of  Crowle,  cf.   Letter   161.     'This   troubelous 
season,'  doubtless  referring  to  the  revolt  in  the  North. 

165.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  562,  587-8,  and  Life,  p.  187. 

166.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  795.     'Mr.  Gostwick,'  Commissioner  in  North 
Wales,  not  John  Gostwick,  Treasurer  of  First  Fruits.    '  Lord  Powes,' 
Powis  or  Powers,  Edward  Grey. 

167.  Sir  Thomas  Butler,  in  command  of  a  company  in  the  North, 
active  in  the  suppression  of  the  revolt  there.    '  My  Lorde  of  Derbye,' 
Edward  Stanley,  third  Earl  of  Derby,  general  of  the  King's  forces  in 
the  western  counties;  cf.  Cal.  xi.  70*3,  856-8,  and  D.N.B.  liv.  50. 

168.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  809.     Walter,  Lord  Hungerford  of  Haitesbury, 
executed  with  Cromwell,  July  28,  1540;  D.N.B.  xxviii.  259. 

169.  Sir  Ralph  Evers  the  Younger  defended  Scarborough  Castle 
against  the  northern  insurgents;  cf.  Life,  p.  194,  and  Cal.  xi.  883, 
989. 

170.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  984,  and  Life,  pp.  233-4.     Pommeraye  arrived 
in  England  in  late  October ;  cf.  Cal.  xi.  848. 

171.  The  Duke  of  Suffolk  was  the  King's  Lieutenant  in  Lincoln- 
shire, and  general  of  the  royal  forces;  cf.  D.N.B.  vi.  218.     John 


298 


NOTES  TO   LETTERS 


Browne,  son  of  Robert  Browne  of  Louth  in  Lincolnshire ;  cf.  Cal. 
xl  854. 

172.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  275,   289,  745,  1321,  and  Letter  144.     The 
'check,'  or  control  of  the  workmen  in  the  royal  dockyards  (N.E.I  >. 
ii.  309-10);  the  'ligers'  or  ledgers;  the  'call'  or  roll-call.     John 
Thompson,  4  Maister  of  the  Mayson  Dieu,'  was  apparently  an  enemy 
of  Wingfield's  and  reported  him  to  Cromwell ;  cf.  Cal.  xi.  1254. 

1 73.  The  '  other  fc//<res '  are  apparently  not  extant. 

174.  Cf.  Life,  p.  194.    The  '  Duke  of  Richmonde,'  Henry  Fitzroy, 
Duke  of  Richmond  and  Somerset,  Earl  of  Nottingham  and  High 
Admiral,  natural  son  of  Henry  VIII ;  D.N.B.  xix.  204.     'Therle  of 
Anguishe'  (Angus),  Archibald  Douglas;  cf.  Cal.  xi.  512,  1351,  and 
D.N.B.  xv.  271. 

1 75.  The  recipient  was  doubtless  one  of  the  persons  mentioned 
in  Cal.  xi.  1205.     On  the  meeting  at  Doncaster,  cf.  Life,  pp.  192-3 ; 
Froude,  vol.  iii.  pp.  147-531  arjd  Cal.  xi.  1246. 

1 76.  John  Longland,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  and  Chancellor  of  Oxford 
University;  D.N.B.  xxxiv.  120.     Spalding,  Benedictine   Priory  in 
Lincolnshire ;  Prior,  either  Thomas  Spalding  or  Richard  Elsyn,  alias 
Palmer;  cf.  Tanner,  Lincoln,  Ixviii,  and  Dugdale,  iii.  210. 

177-8.  These  two  letters  have  been  accidentally  misplaced. 
They  belong  to  the  year  1535,  probably  about  Sept.  15  ;  cf.  Cal.  x. 
p.  643  (Notes  and  Errata) ;  and  Cal.  ix.  232,  365,  391.  'The  office 
of  the  Facultees,'  the  Mastership  of  the  Faculties,  a  Court  under  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the  special  function  of  which  was  to  grant 
dispensations  from  the  Common  Law.  Anthony  Denny,  Keeper  of 
Westminster  Palace  and  Park.  '  Cr/V/ofor  Morys,'  the  King's  Master 
Gunner.  William  Body,  Cromwell's  sen-ant.  Werberge  or  Warberg, 
a  castle  in  Scania,  head  quarters  of  the  Lubeckers.  On  the  embassy 
of  Bonner  and  Cavendish,  cf.  D.N.B.  v.  356  and  Letter  no.  Alen 
Hawt,  Secretary  to  Sir  Brian  Tuke,  Treasurer  of  the  Chamber. 
Christopher  Mont  was  in  Germany  at  this  time,  probably  with 
Mclanchthon  ;  cf.  D.N.B.  xxxviii.  204. 

179.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  151-2,  and  Cal.  x.  897.     'Thomas  Fitzgarrat,' 
tenth  Earl  of  Kildare;  cf.  D.N.B.  xix.  148.     '  Tharchbisshop  of 
Dublyn,'  Dr.  George  Browne,  Provincial  of  the  Austin  Friars ;  cf. 
D.N.B.   vii.  43,  and  Life,   p.  152.      'Maistr  Brabazon,'  William 
Brabozon,  Cromwell's  friend  and  agent,  Sub-Treasurer  and  Receiver- 
General  in  Ireland  ;  cf.  D.N.B.  vi.  138,  and  Life,  p.  52.    Lord  Leonard 
Grey  (D.N.B.  xxiii.  196)  was  sent  to  Ireland  as  Deputy,  Jan.  i,  1536, 
in  place  of  Sir  William  Skeffington  (D.N.B.  Iii.  323),  who  died 
Dec.  31,  1535. 

180.  Cf.  Cal.  xi.  274,  and  notes  to  Letter  163.     Coxford,  Austin 
Prior)-  in  Norfolk ;  Prior,  John  Adamson ;  cf.  Tanner,  Norfolk,  xvii. 
i,  and  Dugdale,  vi.  368. 


NOTES   TO    LETTERS  299 

181.  Anthony  Guydot  or  Guidotti,  an  Italian  wool-merchant,  and 
friend  of  Cromwell's ;  cf.  Cal.  x.  508,  and  xii.  (i)  689. 

182.  The  letters  of  the  King  and  Suffolk  referred  to  here  are 
apparently  not  extant. 

184.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  72,  and  Cal.  xii.  (i)  909-11. 

185.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  397,  938,  1028-9,  and  D.N.B.  xxxvi.  150. 

186.  Cf.  Letters  106,  116, 124, 129,  206  ;  Cooper,  vol.  i.  pp.  388  ff. ; 
and  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1182. 

187.  Hammes,  pursuivant.     Gardiner's  letters  of  May  14  are  ap- 
parently not  extant.     On  '  thapprehension  of  his  traytovr  Pole,'  cf. 
Life,  p.  205. 

188.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1214,  1237.    Birlington  or  Bridlington,  Priory 
of  Austin  Canons  in  Yorkshire;    Prior,  William  Wode  or  Wolde, 
hanged  1537;   cf.  Tanner,  Yorks.,  xix,  and  Dugdale,  vi.  284.     Ger- 
vies  or  Jervaulx,  Cistercian  Abbey  in  Yorkshire ;  Abbot,  Adam  Sed- 
burgh,  hanged  June,  1537;    cf.  Tanner,  Yorks.,  lix,  and  Dugdale, 
v.  567.    For  'the  deposicons  takyn  of  certain  women,'  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i) 
1214.     'The  havon'  was  the  haven  of  Bridlington,  'more  dangerous 
than  Flamborough ' ;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1307.     For  the  shrine  of  Brid- 
lington, cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  34,  35,  92.     Darcy  (D.N.B.  xiv.  49),  Bigod 
(D.N.B.  v.  21),  Bulmer,  Hamerton,  Percy,  and  Tempest,  rebels  in 
the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace.    The  '  twoo  ambassado«rs  from  thempro«r,' 
Don  Diego  Hurtado  de  Mendoza,  and  the  Sieur  de  Ourton,  who 
arrived  in  England  in  early  May.     Their  mission  was  to  discover 
the  state  of  the  north,  to  learn  of  England's  relations  with  France,  to 
urge  Henry  to  take  sides  with  Charles,  and  if  possible  to  further  the 
negotiations  for  the  match  between  the  Princess  Mary  and  Dom  Luiz 
of  Portugal;  cf.  Cal.  xii.(i)  684,  696,  873. 

189.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  188.     Sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  ambassador 
with  the  Emperor  (April,   1537 — April,   1539);    D.N.B.  Ixiii.   183. 
'  Monsieur  du  Vauldray,'  a  gentleman  of  the  Emperor ;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i) 
1054,  1306.     'The  bishop  of  liege,'  Erarde  de  la  Marck,  Cardinal; 
cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1052.     '  Poules,'  St.  Paul's. 

190.  The  Lord  Admiral,  Sir  William  Fitzwilliam,  afterwards  Earl 
of  Southampton ;    D.N.B.  xix.  230.      John   Wynter,  merchant  of 
Bristol;  cf.  Cal.  vii.  1161,  1168;  xii.  (ii)  758. 

191.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  168. 

192.  '  Lady  Whethel,'  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Sir  Richard  Whethel. 
For  her  controversy  with  her  son  Robert,  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  985  ;  xii.  (ii) 
1037-8. 

193.  Wyatt's  letter  of  June  23  is  not  in  the  Calendar.     'Oking' 
or  Woking.     '  Thyfbourne '  or  Tyburn.     For  the  assaults  on  St.  Pol 
and  Montreuil,  and  the  war  in  Picardie,  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  125  and  372. 
.M.  de  Canaples,  Jean  de  Crequy,  Sieur  de  Canaples;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i) 
1065,  1073;  xii.  (ii)  372.     'The  Dolphyn,'  afterwards  Henri  II  of 


300  NOTES  TO   LETTERS 

France.     On  the  'stellers  of  the  King«  hawk«,'  cf.  letter  222  and 
Cal.  xii.  (ii)  774,  811. 

194-5.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  231.  'Sir  "Wit/ion  Minstreley'  had 
written  a  book  called  '  Lavacrum  Conscientiae,'  in  which  he  sought 
to  prove  that  priests  were  above  the  angels,  and  ought  to  be  subject 
to  no  temporal  prince.  '  Sir  \\ittiam  Richardson  '  had  ordered  the 
observance  of  the  day  of  St.  Thomas  the  Martyr  as  a  holiday,  as 
of  old 

196.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  283,  and  xii.  (ii)  173.     I  have  been  unable 
to  find  the  'acte'  mentioned  here,  in  the  Irish  Statutes. 

197.  William  Sandwich,  B.D.,  Warden  of  Canterbury  College, 
Oxford;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  437. 

1 98.  '  Old  Coley,'  Robert  Cowley,  Clerk  to  the  Crown  of  Chancery 
in  Ireland ;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  963 ;  xii.  (ii)  383,  874. 

200.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  631,  698.  'Jamys  of  Desmonde,'  James 
Fitzgerald,  the  'pretended'  Earl  of  Desmond;  D.N.B.  xix.  123. 
'  Jamys  fitz  moryce,'  James  Fitzgerald,  son  of  Maurice,  heir  to  the 
earldom  of  Desmond;  D.N.B.  xix.  125. 

201-2.    '  Fraunces  Herbart ' ;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  963. 

203.  '  Jamys  de  la  Hyde,'  or  Delahide,  Irish  rebel ;  cf.  Cal.  xii. 
(ii)  383,  1310,  i.  (45).      'Parson  Walsche,'  Richard  Walshe,  vicar  of 
Loughseudie.     'The  Sonne  of  the  late  Erie  off  Kyldare,'  Gerald 
Fitzgerald  or  '  Young  Garret,'  younger  son  of  the  ninth  Earl  of  Kildarc, 
and  brother  of  Lord  Thomas  Fitzgerald;  D.N.B.  xix.  123,  148. 

204.  Jerome  Lynn,  Constable  of  Carlingford  Castle  in  Louth  ; 
cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1097. 

206.  Cf.  Letters  106.  116,  124,  129,  186,  and  Cooper,  vol.  i. 
pp.  389  ff.  Barnwell,  beside  Cambridge.  The  'gagyng  and  cor- 
rection of ...  forstalers  and  regraters ' ;  the  University  was  permitted 
to  appropriate  the  fines  imposed  on  those  who  broke  the  law  by 
purchasing  goods  before  they  were  exposed  in  the  market,  in  order 
to  sell  them  again  at  a  higher  price. 

208.  Io>rd  James  Butler,  son  of  the  Earl  of  Ossory,and  Treasurer 
of  Ireland,  was  in  London  and  in  Calais  in  the  early  part  of  1537 ; 
ct.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1328;  xii.  (ii)  83. 

209.  '  Maister  Leighe,'  Richard  I^e,  Surveyor  of  Calais.    '  Maister 
Marshall,'  Sir  Richard  Grenville,  knight,  Marshal  of  Calais.     On 
their  dispute,  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  338,  466,  550,  555,  704,  830.     'Sir 
Thomas  palmer,'  Knight  Porter  of  Calais;  D.N.B.  xliii.  160,  and 
Cal.  xii.  (ii)  341.     'Maister  Wingfield';  cf.  notes  to  letter  84,  and 
Cal.  xii.  (ii)  162,  163,  323. 

210.  Dr.  Roger  Dingley,  of  Staffordshire,  was  reported  to  Crom- 
well by  Anthony  Knyvet,  Sept  20,  on  the  charge  of '  vexing '  the 
poor  men  in  the  country  round  about  him,  and  of  holding  dangerous 
opinions  concerning  the  Pope;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  ^ii)  App.  40. 


NOTES  TO   LETTERS  301 

213.  Lord  Butler's  letter  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  Calendar. 

214.  'The  fassaghe  bentre,'  Bantry  fashagh  or  forest  in  the  south- 
west of  Ireland.   Sir  William  Brabazon  was  appointed  Vice-Treasurer 
or  '  under-tresorer '  in  Ireland,  Aug.  20,  1534;  cf.  D.N.B.  vi.  138. 
'  Newe  Bawon,'  in  Wexford.     The  '  dyppes '  or  Deeps  in  Bantry 
fasagh.     '  Tharchbysshop  of  Casshell,'  Edmund  Butler,  natural  son 
of  Piers,  eighth  Earl  of  Ormonde;    D.N.B.  viii.  47.     'My  lorde 
deputie,'  Lord  Leonard  Grey;  D.N.B.  xxiii.  196.     On  'Clomell,'  or 
Clonmel,  in  Tipperary,  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  898  (9).     'The  Bysshop  of 
Watf Horde,'  probably  Nicholas  Comin  ;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1340,  and 
Beatson,  pt.  ii.  p.  302.     'Mr.  Wise,'  William  Wise,  Sheriff  of  Water- 
ford.     '  Lady  Katryn  Butler,'  widow  of  Sir  Richard  Power  ;  D.N.B. 
viii.  72.     'The  Erlle  of  Ossery,'  Sir  Piers  Butler;  D.N.B.  viii.  72. 
For  '  prysewynes '  Cal.  (in  the  Index)  has  '  prize-wines.'     '  Kynsale,' 
in  Cork. 

215.  Edmond  Sexton  was    Mayor  of  Limerick;    cf.   Cal.   xii. 
(ii)  281. 

216.  Cf.    Life,   pp.    206-7,   and   Cal.   xii.   (ii)   552.     'Doctowr 
Wylson,'  the  King's  chaplain;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  579,  and  D.N.B.  Ixii. 
119.     Maastricht,  in  Limburg,  north  of  Liege. 

217.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  206-7  ;  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  552  ;  and  Letters  216,  218. 
'  Mr.  Hethe ' ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  66.     '  The  Bisshopp^  of  Duresme 
and  london,'  Cuthbert  Tunstall  (D.N.B.  Ivii.  310)  and  John  Stokesley 
(D.N.B.  liv.  403).     'The  bisshopp  of  Yorke,'  Edward  Lee;  D.N.B. 
xxxii.  347.     'An  oratyon  settfurth  by  the  bisshopp  of  Winchestre/ 
probably  Gardiner's   De  Vera  Obedientia.     'A  booke  of  certain 
thinges  lately  determyned  here  by  the  hole  clergy,'  probably  The 
Institution  of  a  Christian  Man,  commonly  called  the  Bishop's  Book, 
printed  by  Bartlett  in   1537;   cf.   Cal.  xii.  (ii)  289  n.,  and  Dixon 
i.  518-30. 

218.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  206-7;  Letters  216  and  217,  and  Cal.  xii.  (ii) 
552.     The  sentence  beginning  'Paul  popith  Jolyly'  is  rendered  in 
Froude,  vol.  iii.  p.  217,  'The  Pope  will  desire  the  world  to  pray  for 
the  King.' 

219.  'Maistr   Horseley,'  John  .Horseley,   afterwards  Sheriff  of 
Northumberland;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1005,  1150  (18). 

220.  '  Caterlaugh,'  or  Carlow,  in  Leinster;   '  Thisteldormont,'  or 
Castledermot,  in  Kildare ;  '  Kylken,'  Kylka  or  Kylca,  in  the  same 
county ;    '  Castelcurr '  and  '  Knokraffyn,'  or  Knockgraffon,   in  Tip- 
perary ;  '  Glaschare,'  in  Kilkenny. 

221.  William    Seintloo,    or    Sayntlow,    military   commander   in 
Ireland;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  135,  382. 

222.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  869,  and  Life,  p.  234.    '  Monsieur  de  Grande- 
vile,'  Nic.  Perrenot,  Sieur  de  Granvelle,  Counsellor  of  the  Emperor ; 
cf.  notes  to  Letter  117.     On  '  Anthony  lee,'  Wyatt's  brother-in-law, 
cf.  notes  to  Letter  193.     'Mr.  pate,'  Richard  Pate,  Archdeacon  of 


302  NOTES  TO  LETTERS 

Lincoln,  nephew  of  Bishop  Longland,  and  ambassador  with  Charles  V 
(1533-7);    D.N.B.  xliv.   10.     His  letter  is  apparently  not  ext 
'  Dignely,'  Sir  Thomas  Dingley,  commander  of  Baddesley  and  Maync, 
who  had  laid  himself  open  to  suspicion  because  he  had  conferred 
with  Sir  George  Throgmorton  and  others  implicated  with   Pole; 
cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  78,  207,  975,  and  xii.  (ii)  427,  663,  921,  952, 
1023.     '  Barbastra,'  or  Balbastro,  in  Aragon,  north-east  of  Saragossa. 

224.  '  Mr.  Dudley,'  Sir  John  Dudley,  Vice- Admiral,  afterwards  Earl 
of  Northumberland  and  Ix>rd  Protector;  D.N.B.  xvi.  109.    For  'the 
matier  touching  Dignely,'  cf.  notes  to  Letter  222. 

225.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  220. 

226.  Cf.  Life,  p.  234.     Ix>rd  William  Howard,  half-brother  to  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk;  cf.  notes  to  Letter   152.     'The  frenche  king« 
doughter,'   Margaret  of  France,  younger  daughter  of  Francis   I. 
'  Madame  de  Longevile,'  Marie  de  Ix>rraine,  daughter  of  Claude, 
Duke  of  Guise,  afterwards  Queen  of  Scotland  and  mother  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots ;  D.N.B.  xxxvi.  391.    '  Assher,' or  Esher.   'Possidon/ 
Posidonius,  Cicero's  friend ;  cf.  Tusculan  Disputations,  ii.  6 1  (ed. 
Baiter  and  Kayser,  vol.  vi.  p.  306) :  '  Nihil  agis,  dolor  !  quamvis  sis 
molestus,  numquam  te  esse  confitebor  malum.'   '  Thabbot  of  Arbroth,' 
David  Beaton;  D.N.B.  iv.  17. 

227.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  914-7.     'S/r  Reynold  Carnabye,'   keeper 
of  Tynedale,  an  active  agent  of  the  Crown  in  Northumberland  and 
Yorkshire  after  the  suppression  of  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace ;  cf.  Cal. 
xii.  (ii)  280,  823.      'Maister  Vuedale,'  John  Woodall,  secretary  to 
the  Council  of  the  North ;  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  100,  102.     For  the  treat- 
ment of  the  '  pledges '  or  hostages  for  Tynedale  and  Ryddesdale,  cf. 
Cal.  xii.  (ii)  915,  1077.     'Mr.  Fairfax,'  Thomas  Fairfax,  serjeant-at- 
law ;  cf.  Cal.  xii.(ii)  1076-7.  '  A  shoute  Arcre '  (sic),  possibly  meaning 
'  sheet  anchor.'    At  Cromwell's  request  the  sons  of  Sir  Thomas  Percy, 
brother  of  the  Earl  of  Northumberland,  were  placed,  for  safety,  in 
charge  of  Sir  Thomas  Tempest,  a  royal  agent  in  the  north  ;  cf.  Cal. 
xii.  (ii)  203,  229,  915. 

228.  John  Babington,  apparently  a  spy  and  agent  of  Cromwell's  ; 
cf.  Cal.  xii.  (i)  1104  (n).     Sir  Anthony  Fitzherbert,  Justice. 

229.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1053 ;  Life,  pp.  233-4,  and  notes  to  letter 
222.     Bartholomew  Butler,  Rougecroix  pursuivant.     The  'Ouerture 
for  the  doughter  of  portingale,'  probably  a  proposal  for  a  match 
between  Prince  Edward  and  Maria,  the  daughter  of  John  III,  King 
of  Portugal,  who  later  became  the  wife  of  Philip  II ;  cf.  B.U.  xx. 
622,  and  note  at  the  bottom  of  p.  in  of  Span.  Cal.  vol.  vi,  pt.  i. 
On  'the  passage  at  Zuse'  (Susa  in  Savoy),  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1040,  and 
Martin,  viii.  248. 

230.  John,  Lord  Husey  or  Hussey,  was  attainted  and  executed  in 
June,   1537,  on  the  charge  of  complicity  with  the  rebels  in  the 
Pilgrimage  of  Grace;  D.N.B.  xxviii.  329. 

231.  The  Bishop  of  Chester,  Dr.  Rowland  Lee;  D.N.B. 


NOTES  TO   LETTERS  303 

373.   This  letter  is  interesting,  as  one  of  the  earliest  recorded  mentions 
of  gipsies. 

232.  Cf.  Cal.   xii.   (ii)    1096,   1260,   and   Letter   200.      'Bryan 
Oconor,'  Irish  rebel  chieftain;  D.N.B.  xli.  395.     '  Jamys  Fitz  John,' 
James  Fitzgerald,  son  of  John,  the  '  pretended '  Earl  of  Desmond  ; 
D.N.B.   xix.    123.     'Jamys  fitz  morys,'  James   Fitzgerald,  son  of 
Maurice;  D.N.B.  xix.  125. 

233.  Cf.  notes  to  Letters  214  and  232. 

234.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  1249. 

235.  John  Vachell,  of  a  well-known  Reading  family,  was  an  active 
agent  of  Cromwell's  in  connexion  with  the  suppression  of  the  monas- 
teries; cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  353,  367.     Walter  Chalcott,  sergeant-at-arms. 
On  the  almshouse   at    Donyngton  (in  Berkshire,    near   Newbury), 
cf.  Tanner,  Berks.,  vii.  2. 

236.  Cf.  Strype,  Ecclesiastical  Memorials,  i.  (i)  466-70;    Life, 
PP-  131-3;  and  Letters  159,  266,  273. 

237.  '  Saynct  marye  wyke,'  or  Week  St.  Marj',  in  Stratton  Hundred, 
Cornwall. 

238.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  234-7.    Wyatt's  letter  is  apparently  not  extant. 
'  Parme  and  placence,'  Parma  and  Piacenza,  occupied  by  the  Papal 
forces  after  the  battle  of  Ravenna,  restored  to  Milan  (then  under 
France)  in   1515,   retaken  for  the  States  of  the  Church  in  1521; 
cf.  Guicciardini,  vi.  254,  vii.  206.     In  1545  they  were  converted  into 
an  hereditary  duchy  by  Paul  III  for  his  son,  Pier  Luigi  Farnese. 
'  Kyng  ferdinando,'  brother  of  Charles  V,  King  of  the  Romans, 
afterwards  Emperor;  A.D.B.  vi.  632. 

240.  Cf.   Cal.  xiii.  (i)   279.     Thomas  Barnaby,  an  emissary  of 
Cromwell's.     '  Maister  Parys,'  a  servant  of  Gardiner's. 

241.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  329.     Peter  Reed  ('  rede '),  a  messenger. 

242.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  158,  234,  and  Pref.  to  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  pp.  xxxv  ff. 
Peter  Mewtas,   a  friend  of  Cromwell's,  Gentleman   of  the   Privy 
Chamber.    *  Madame  de  L.,'  Mary  of  Guise,  Mme.  de  Longueville, 
afterwards  Queen  of  Scotland;    D.N.B.  xxxvi.  391.     Her  father, 
Claude  de  Lorraine,  Duke  of  Guise;  B.U.  xviii.  224. 

243.  Cf.  Life,  p.  235,  and  Pref.  to  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  pp.  xxxvii  ff. 
Philip  Hoby;  D.N.B.  xxvii.  54.     'The  yong  duke  of  Longouille,' 
Francis,  son  of  Mary  of  Guise  and  the  Duke  of  Longueville.     '  The 
two  daughters  of  Mons/Vwr  de  Guyse,'  Mary,  afterwards  Queen  of 
Scotland  (cf.  notes  to  Letter  242),  and  Louise,  later  married  to  the 
Prince  of  Chimay.      'The   Duke  of  Loraigne,'  Anthony,   son  of 
Ren£  II,  Duke  of  Lorraine;  B.U.  xxv.  120.     'His  daughter,'  Anne, 
afterwards  wife  of  Rene,  Prince  of  Orange.  '  The  dutchesse  of  Millane,' 
Christina,  younger  daughter  of  Christian  II,  the  deposed  King  of 
Denmark,  and  widow  of  Francis  Sforza  of  Milan.     '  Mr.   Hutton,' 
John  Hutton,  agent  and  ambassador  in  Flanders,  and  governor  of  the 
English  merchants  there.     '  The  Regent,'  Mary,  sister  of  CharlesV, 


804 


NOTES  TO   LETTERS 


widow  of  Louis  of  Hungary;  A.D.B.  xx.  374.  'Mr.  Harms,'  Hans 
Holbein,  sent  to  Brussels  to  paint  the  portrait  of  the  Duchess  of 
Milan.  He  finished  his  picture,  which  is  now  at  Windsor,  in  three 
hours;  cf.  D.N.B.  xxvii.  106. 

-II.  Cf.  Life,  p.  236.  For  the  commission  of  the  'bisshop  of 
tarbez '  ( Antoine  de  Castelnau),  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  386.  '  Mr.  dudley ' ; 
cf.  notes  to  Letter  224. 

243.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  633.  George,  brother  of  Anthony  Rous 
(treasurer  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk),  was  on  his  way  to  Venice. 

247.  Thomas  Sherle  or  Shirley,  Commissioner  of  the  Peace  in 
Sussex ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  646  (33). 

248.  Cf.  Dixon,  i.  509-15  ;  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  264,  275,  571,  674 ;   and 
D.N.B.  li.  452.     'Threpes,'  cf.  'to  threap'  or  maintain  obstinately 
(Halliwell). 

249.  Cf.  Strype,  Ecclesiastical  Memorials,  vol.  i.  pp.  466  ff. 

250.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  679.     '  Thise  men,'  meaning  the  Imperial 
ambassadors,  Chapuys  and  Mendoza ;    cf.  notes  to  Letters  188-9. 
The  Bishop  of  Hereford,  Edward  Foxe,  died  May  8,   1538;   cf. 
D.N.B.  xx.   113.     The  Bishop  of  Chichester,  Richard  Sampson; 
D.N.B.  1.  230.     '  Maister  Russel  nowe  Comptroller '  of  the  House- 
hold, afterwards   Earl   of  Bedford;    D.N.B.  xlix.  444.     'My  lord 
Admyral,'   Sir  William   Fitzwilliam ;    D.N.B.  xix.  230.      '  Doctowr 
haynes '  was  sent  as  special  ambassador  to  Charles  V  in  April,  1538; 
cf.  D.N.B.  xxvi.  325.     'Docto//r  Boner'  (cf.  notes  to  Letter  no) 
accompanied  him. 

251.  George  Broke,  Lord  Cobham  ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  79.    Wm. 
Knell,  head  yeoman  of  Brokeland  in  the  Marches  of  Romney,  Kent, 
was  accused  of  speaking  treasonable  words  concerning  the  Royal 
Supremacy.     '  With  such  acceleration  as  I  have  seldom  seen,'  wrote 
Christopher  Hales  to  Cromwell,  was  he  attainted  of  high  treason, 
April  16,  1538  ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  783.    '  My  lord  of  Wiltshire,'  Thomas, 
father  of  Anne  Boleyn;  D.N.B.  v.  321. 

232.   Cf.  notes  to  Letter  168. 

253.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  695.     '  Mr.  Mason,'  John  Mason,  agent  and 
interpreter  at  the  Emperor's  Court ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1 165,  and  xiii.  (ii) 
191.    '  Hawte,'  Sir  William  Hawte,  Sheriff  of  Kent,  and  father-in-law 
of  the  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt  the  Younger ;  cf. 
Cal.  xiii.  (1)710*.     Robert  Brancetour,  an  Englishman  at  the  Court 
of  Charles  V,  attainted  of  treason  in  1539;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1104,  and 
Life,  p.  282. 

254.  Lisle's  letter  of  April  15  is  apparently  not  extant. 

255.  Cf.  Letter  226. 

25G.  The  '  frende '  of  Richard  Cromwell  was  Simon  Jakes,  Abbot 
of  Kenilworth  ('  Kyllingworthe  '). 

Cf.  Cal.  xiii.(i)  915. 


NOTES   TO   LETTERS  305 

258.  Cf.  Cal.xiii.  (1)917. 

259.  Cf.  Letter  256. 

260.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  161-2,  and  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1291.      c  My  lorde  of 
Herforde,'  Edward  Foxe;  D.N.B.  xx.  113.     'Maister  Threasourer 
of  the  king«  Maiesties  Houshold,'  Sir  William  Paulet ;  D.N.B.  xliv. 
92.     '  Maister  brown,'  Sir  Anthony  Browne,  brother  of  the  Countess 
of  Worcester,  and  half-brother  of  the  Lord  Admiral ;  D.N.B.  vii.  38. 

261.  Wyatt's  letter  is  not  in  the  Calendar. 

262.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  962. 

263.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1031,  and  Life,  pp.  161-6. 

264.  ' Kingeswood,'  Cistercian  Abbey  in  Wiltshire;  cf.  Tanner, 
Wilts.,  xx. 

265.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1132-3,  and  notes  to  Letter  250.     Ratclif,  in 
Middlesex,  beside  London. 

266.  A  preliminary  to  the  Injunctions  of  September,  1538  (Letter 

273.  q-v-)« 

267.  '  Mr.  Olverton  of  Rougham '  in  Suffolk,  probably  identical 
with  '  William  Yelverton,'  one  of  the  Commission  for  gaol  delivery 
in  Norfolk ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  384  (46). 

268.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  161-2,  and  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  1291,  1387. 

269.  'The  Surveyour  there,'  Richard  Lee  ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  91,  92, 
594- 

271.  Lisle's  letter  is  apparently  not  extant.  c  The  Ambassadour 
of  Fraunce,'  Louis  de  Perreau,  Sieur  de  Castillon ;  cf.  life  in 
Kaulek,  pp.  ix-xvi.  On  Jehan  Ango,  'vicount  of  diepe,'  and  the 
capture  of  the  hoy,  cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  211,  257. 

273.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  131-3,  and  Dixon,  vol.  ii.  pp.  80  ff. 

274.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii),  App.  39,  and  notes  to  Letter  168.     George 
Hastings,  Earl  of  Huntingdon ;  D.N.B.  xxv.  123. 

276.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  419,  575,  622;  D.N.B.  xxvii.  54;  Iviii.  179; 
Ixiii.  148. 

277.  Sir  William  Sulyard,  one  of  the  Council  of  Wales,  Commis- 
sioner of  the  Peace,  agent  of  Rowland  Lee ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  190  (5, 
18),  384  (18,  2i\  1115  (30),  1309  (20),  1519  (14);  xiii.  (ii)  1007. 

278.  Dr.  Thomas  Legh,  visitor  of  the  monasteries ;  D.N.B.  xxxii. 
420.    William  Cavendish,  brother  of  the  biographer  of  Wolsey, 
Auditor  of  the  Augmentations,  afterwards  Privy  Councillor  j  D.N.B. 
ix.  363.      'The  Monasteries  of  Saynct  Oses  and  Colchister';   St. 
Osyth's,  or  Chich,  Priory  of  Austin  Canons  in  Essex ;  Colchester, 
Benedictine  Mitred  Abbey  of  St.  John,  in  the  same  county :  cf. 
Dugdale,  vi.  308  ;  iv.  60 1 ;  Tanner,  Essex,  x  and  xii. 

*  Mr.  Chatmcellar  of  thaugme«tations,'  Sir  Richard  Riche ;  D.N.B, 
xlviii.  123. 

HERRI*  AN.    II  X 


306  NOTES   TO  LETTERS 

279.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  274. 

280.  Sir  Brian  Tuke,  Treasurer  of  the  Chamber ;  D.N.B.  Ivii.  295. 

281.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  786 ;    Frpude,  iii.  315-6;   and  Lite,  pp. 
208-9,  243  "•     '  Mr.  Bonvixi,'  a  rich  Lucchese  merchant,  dwelling 
in  London  ;  D.N.B.  v.  365.    'S/r  Fraunc«  Brian  ' ;  D.N.B.  vii.  150. 

282.  Cf.  notes  to  Letters  108  and  109.     'Humphrey  Calfield,'  or 
Calfehill,  bailiff  of  the  lordship  of  Staunton  Lacy  and  of  the  liberty 
of  the  lordship  of  Cleobury  in  Shropshire  and  Chelmershe  in  the 
lordship  of  Cleobury ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  <  i)  889  (4). 

283.  '  The  Late  Marquis  of  Excestre,'  Henry  Courtenay,  executed 
December,  1538;  cf.  D.N.B.  xii.  336.     William  Button,  Commis- 
sioner of  the  Peace  in  Wiltshire ;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  384  (20).    '  Smored ' 
or  smothered  (Halliwell). 

284.  This  letter  may  have  been  written  in  the  latter  part  of  1537; 
cf.  note  at  the  foot  of  p.  2  of  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  and  also  Cal.  xii.(ii)  1235. 
*  The  said  late  Sheriff,'  probably  Sir  Brian  Hastings,  Sheriff  of  York- 
shire, who  died  Aug.  6,  1537.     '  Vre'  or  'use'  (Halliwell). 

285.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  n,  92.    'Mr.  Hobby,'  Philip  Hoby;  D.N.B. 
xxvi.  54. 

286.  Cf.  Life,  p.  243 ;  Preface  to  Cal.  xiv.  (i),  p.  xxi,  and  CaL 
xiv.  (i)  884;  xiv.  (ii)  76,  81,  134,  280.    The  'old  duke'  of  Urbino, 
Francesco-Maria  I  de  la  Rovere ;  B.U.  xxxvi.  655.  '  The  young  duke ' 
of  Urbino,  Guido  Ubaldo,  his  son ;  B.U.  xxxvl  655.     The  Duke  of 
Ferrara,  Hercules  II  da  Este;  B.U.  xiii.  101.    The  Duke  of  Mantua, 
Federigo  da  Gonzaga  ;  B.U.  xvii.  163.     'That  bishop  which  is  also 
adurrsary  to  his  naturall  prince,'  probably  referring  to  Cardinal  Pole ; 
cf.  Cal.  Ven.  v.  196. 

287.  Cf.   Life,   pp.    243-50.      The   'Duke  of  Saxon,'  Johann 
Friedrich  der  G^rossmiithige ;  A.D.B.  xiv.  326.     '  The  Landgra(ve) ' 
of  Hesse,  Philipp  der  Grossmiithige ;  A.D.B.  xxv.  765. 

288.  Cf.  Life,  p.  251.     'The  cafart  Cornibus,'  Peter  de  Cornibus, 
a  Franciscan  at  Paris,  complained  of  by  Bonner  for  making  the  cus- 
tomary eulogy  of  St.  Thomas  the  Martyr  on  St.  Thomas'  Day ;  cf. 
Cal.  xiv.  (1)371.    '  Myn  other  l*//*res,'  probably  referring  to  Wriothes- 
ley's  letter  to  Cromwell ;  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  208.    On  the  ships  in  Flanders, 
cf.  Froude,  iii.  317-9.      'Georgius  Spalatinus,'  the  humanist  and 
historian  ;  A.D.B.  xxxv.  i.    A  portrait  by  Holbein  of  the  astronomer 
Cratzer  is  now  in  the  Louvre. 

289.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  280.     'Mr.  Tucke,'  Brian  Tuke;   D.N.B. 
Ivii.  295. 

290.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  729. 

291.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.(i)  321,  335,  336,  345,  and  Life,  p.  251.     'The 
duchesse'  of  Milan;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  243.     'Mr.   Kerne,'  Sir 
Edward  Carne;  D.N.B.  ix.  134.    Wyatt's  letter  is  apparently  not 
extant.     '  Joyes,'  Christopher  Joy,  of  London,  student  at  Louvain, 


NOTES   TO  LETTERS  307 

attainted  in  1539  for  supporting  the  authority  of  the  Pope;  cf.  Cal. 
xiv.  (i)  248,  264,  308.  '  Leyton,'  William,  brother  of  Richard  Layton, 
Cromwell's  agent ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  248-9,  264,  308,  648.  Thomas 
Knight,  envoy  of  Cromwell's ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  434,  534. 

293.  Cf.  Preface  to  Cal.  xiv.  (i),  pp.  xxx  ff.,  and  Froude,  iii.  317-9. 
'  Our  ambassidowr  there,'  Thomas  Wriothesley. 

294.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  433,  440,  447,  456,  485,  487.     '  Mr.  Tate,' 
Edmund  Tate,  ambassador  with  Charles  V  ;  sent  April  15,  1539 ;  cf. 
Cal.  xiv.  (i)  746 ;  xiv.  (ii)  765. 

295.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  249-50.     'The  Duchesse*  of  Milan  ;  cf.  notes 
to  Letter  243.      'Nicholas  Owton'  or  Wotton;    D.N.B.  Ixiii.  57. 
'  Richard  byrd '  or  Berde,  of  the  Privy  Chamber.     '  Mr.  Barnes,' 
D.N.B.  iii.  253.     '  Sir  Bern<rde  de  Mella,'  Bernhard  von  Mylen  or 
von  Melen,  knight,  employed  by  the  Elector  of  Saxony;  cf.  Cal. 
xiv.  (i)  920. 

296.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (1)485.     'Mr.  Sydney,'  Sir  William   Sidney, 
Chamberlain  to  Prince  Edward,  Sheriff  of  Kent ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i) 
398,  517- 

297.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  153-4,  251.     'The  bishop  of  Rome,'  probably 
a  mistake  for  the  Bishop  of  Hereford,  Edmund  Bonner.      For  his 
letters  and  Wriothesley's,  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (1)449-51,  485.    '  Mr.  Sadleyr,' 
Ralph  Sadler,  Cromwell's  friend,  ambassador  to  Scotland;  D.N.B. 
1.  109.     His  letters,  probably  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  236.     Cromwell's  letter  to 
Wriothesley,  no.  291.    'Vre'  or  'use'  (Halliwell).    'My lady  Kynge- 
ston,'  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Scrope  pf  Upsall,  in  Yorkshire, 
wife  of  Sir  William  Kingston,  Constable  of  the  Tower ;  D.N.B.  xxxi. 
1 86.     'Mr.  Benton,"  Sir  Edward  Baynton,  Vice-Chamberlain  to  the 
Queen  ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (1)655.     '  My  lorde  of  Sussex,'  Robert  Ratcliff; 
D.N.B.  xlvii.  135.     'The  bishop  of  Duresme,'  Cuthbert  Tunstall ; 
D.N.B.  Ivii.  310.     The  letters  from  the  Council  of  the  North,  Cal. 
xiv.  (i)  481.     '  Robert  more,'  attainted  in  April,  1539 ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i) 
455.  867(15).      The  'monke,'  Ruoric  O'Spellan ;   cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii) 
999,  1164;  xiv.  (i)  455.      'That  yong  rebell   trayter  Fitzgerald'; 
D.N.B.  xix.  123.     Rurik  or   Ruricus,   Bishop  of  Derry;   cf.  Cal. 
xiii.  (ii)  1164.     'Thabbot  of  Melrose'  (Cistercian  Abbey  in  Rox- 
burgh, on  the  Tweed),  Andrew  Durie,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Whit- 
horn  ;  cf.  Cal.  xvi.  963,  1112.     The  'yong  duck  of  Cleves'  was  not 
dead,    but    his    falher   died   Feb.  6,  1539;    cf.  Life,  pp.  244-9. 
Richard   Harman,  Cromwell's  envoy,   wrote  to  his   master    from 
Antwerp,  March  24  ;    Cal.  xiv.  (i)  592.     '  S/>  John  Cornewallys,' 
Steward  to  Prince  Edward;   cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  517.     I  cannot  find 
Harvell's  letter.     For  the  '  cowmissions '  for  the   musters,  cf.  Cal. 
xiv.  (i)  652. 

298.  'The  ryver  of  Roan,'  probably  meaning  the  river  Seine  at 
Rouen.      '  Desmond,'    James    Fitzgerald,    the    '  pretended '    earl ; 
D.N.B.   xix.    123.      'Byryn,'    Brian    Oconnor;    D.N.B.    xli.    395. 
'  Onellf,'  Con  O'Neill,  first  Earl  of  Tyrone ;  D.N.B.  xiii.  178.  '  O  don- 

X  % 


NOTES  TO  LETTERS 

elk,'  Manus  O'Donnell,  Ix>rd  of  Tyrconnel ;  D.N.B.  xli.  441.  For 
the  'Iftffres  for  the  mu«sters,'  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  712.  A  'brout,'  or 
moment  of  time  (Halliwell).  'Raguseys'  or  ships  of  Ragusa  in 
Dalmatia.  '  Mr.  Gonson,'  William  Gonson,  in  charge  of  the  King's 
ships ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  213.  '  Mr.  Morrison,'  Richard  Morrison,  a 
friend  of  Cromwell's  who  had  just  published  a  violent  invective 
against  the  treasons  of  Pole,  Exeter,  and  Nevill;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  401. 

299.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  249-50,  and  Letters  295,  300.     'This  honest 
affaire, '  the  Cleves  match.     '  The  Comes  de  Aquila,'  William,  Ix»rd 
Bedber,  Count  of  Aquila  Nova,  ambassador  from  Cleves  to  England 
in  1531  ;  cf.  Cal.  v.  497,  563,  762.     '  His  paynter  Lucas  '  Cranach  ; 
A.D.B.  iii.  559.     'The  duchesse,'  of  Milan.     'Therle  of  Nassau,' 
William  the  Rich;  A.D.B.  xliii.  129.     'Therle  Will  ...  a  Furstem- 
burg,'  in  the  French  service ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  535  ;  xiv.  (ii)  300 ;  and 
Cal.  Span.  vi.  (i),  p.  180.     For  an  account  of  the  Diet  at  Frankfort, 
cf.  Baumgarten,  iii.  349-60. 

300.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  249-50,  and  Letters  295,  299.     '  Reyner  W,' 
probably  Reyner  Wolfe,  printer  and  agent  of  Cromwell's ;  cf.  Cal. 
xiv.(ii)78i(f.  63). 

301.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  210-1,  251,  and  notes  to  Letters  291,  293. 

302.  '  The  late  Abbot  of  Wigmore '  (Austin  Abbey  in  Hereford- 
shire) was  John  Smart ;  cf.  Tanner,  Hereford,  xxi,  and  Dugdale,  vi. 
344- 

303.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  672.    Sir  Edmund  Knyvett  of  Buckenham, 
Sheriff  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  672,  and  D.N.B.  .\\.\i. 
338.    '  Mr.  Southwel,'  Richard  Southwell,  Receiver  of  the  Augmenta- 
tions,  afterwards   knight  and   Privy  Councillor;    D.N.B.  liii.   292. 
Portrait,  by  Holbein,  now  in  the  Uffizi :  a  copy  (probably)  in  the 
Ix>uvre.      '  Maistr  Wyndam,'  Sir  Edmund  Wyndham,  a  follower  of 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  572.    The  election  apparently 
ended  in  a  riot,  but  Southwell  and  Wyndham  were  returned ;  cf.  Cal. 
xiv.  (i)  800,  808. 

304.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  560,  and  notes  to  Letter  294. 

305.  For  the  'newes  from  the  man  of  Antwerp,'  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i) 
741.    The  'Fowlkers'  (Fuggers)  and  'Welsers,'  the  great  German 
bankers.     On  their  loans  to  the  Emperor,  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  298,  560, 
741  (2).    ' Themperesse '  died  May  i,  1539.    On  'the  popes  desires' 
that  the  Emperor  discontinue  diplomatic  relations  with  England, 
cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  13.     ' Petro  Bembo,'  Cardinal;  B.U.  iii.  613.     'The 
Iff/fres  fro  Rome '  must  have  been  sent,  not  received,  March  24. 

306.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  560. 

307.  Vaughan's  letters,  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  767.     'Leynham,'  probably 
a  priest.     '  Senes,'  Sienna.    '  Creutziger,'  Caspar  Cruciger,  the  Pro- 
testant divine;    A.D.B.  iv.  621.      'Oziander,'  Andrew  Osiander; 
A.D.B.  xxiv.  473.     On  'Anthony  Rouse'  and  'S/>  Edward  Iching- 
ham's  doughter,'  cf.  CaJ.  xiv.  (i)  693,  764,  765. 


NOTES  TO  LETTERS  309 

309.  The  'Instructions  for  Mr.  Sadleyer,'  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  771   (2). 
On  the  dismissal  of '  the  hulkw  ...  in  hola«d,'  cf.  Froude,  vol.  iii. 
pp.  319-23.      'The  Lady,'  Anne  of  Cleves.     For  'the  exchange 
of  CLM1  d°V  cf.  notes  to  Letter  305.     '  Andelo,'  Jean  d'Andalot,  the 
Emperor's  Master  of  Horse ;  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  550,  and  note  i  to  p.  390 
of  the  same.     '  Andreas  de  Auria '  or  Doria,  the  Genoese  admiral 
and  statesman;    B.U.   xi.    233.     'Solemont,'  Thomas  Soulemont, 
French   secretary  to   Henry  VIII;    D.N.B.   liii.    271.     'Monsieur 
de  Rangon,'  or  de  Rincon,  French  ambassador  with  the  Turk ;  cf.  Cal. 
xiv.  (i)  1229.     'Castro  nouo,'  or  Castelnovo,  taken  from  the  Turks 
Oct.  27,  1538,  retaken  Aug.  7,  1539.    'The  Sophy,'  Soft,  or  Shah  of 
Persia.     Lorenzo  Gritti,  natural  son  of  Andrea  Gritti,  Doge  of  Venice 
(died  Jan.  1539),  was  sent  as  ambassador  to  the  Turk,  and  died  in 
Constantinople  in  1539.     '  Bassas,'  or  Pashas,  viceroys  of  Turkish 
provinces.    Chantilly  (25  miles  north-east  of  Paris)  was  the  ancestral 
seat  of  the  Montmorencys.     '  Another  gewtilman,'  Baumbach ;  see 
Life,  p.  256.     '  The  duk,'  John  Frederic  of  Saxony. 

310.  Cf.    Life,   p.    272,   and  notes  to   Letters   291,    293,    299. 
'  Enchiridion,'    probably    the    Enchiridion    Militis    Christian!    by 
Erasmus,  published  in  1503. 

311.  It  is  possible  that  this  letter  has  been  misplaced,  though  the 
Calendar  gives  it  as  of  1539.    Wotton  and  Vaughan  were  certainly 
on  the  Continent  in  April  of  that  year.    Dr.  John  Hewis  or  Hughes, 
an  agent  of  Cromwell's,  employed  in  the  suppression  of  the  monas- 
teries; cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  542,  565.   He  also  acted  as  one  of  the  King's 
counsel  in  the  trial  of  the  Divorce  before  Cranmer  in  1533. 

312.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  161-4.     The  letter  of  the  council  and  the 
depositions  are  apparently  not  extant.     'My  lorde  Chambrelayn,' 
William  Lord  Sandes,  Captain  of  Guisnes.     His  letters,  Cal.  xiv.  (i) 
954,  998,  999.  Ioo8»  IOI5- 

313.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1039.     Thomas  Palmer,  Cromwell's  servant, 
not  the  Knight  Porter  of  Calais.     '  The  barbo//r  of  Marke,'  Jacob 

,  a  Fleming  at  Calais.   He  and  '  Raf  Hare '  were  Sacramentaries ; 

cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1219. 

314.  Cf.  Life,  161-4,  and  xiy.  (i)  1058.     'The  parishe  preste,' 
"William  Smith,  curate  of  Our  Lady  Church  at  Calais. 

315.  'Mr.  Porter,'  Sir  Thomas  Palmer,  Knight  Porter  of  Calais; 
D.N.B.  xliii.  160.     '  Mr.  Palmer,'  his  brother  Henry,  Spear  of  Calais, 
Bailly  of  Guisnes.    On  their  quarrel,  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1243,  1265, 
1296,  1299. 

316.  Cf.  Cal.  xii.  (ii)  481,  930,  1271 ;  xiii.  (i)  588;  xiv.  (i)  1129, 
1134-5,  1141,  1208,   1236,  1261,   1301,   1316;    xiv.  (ii)  656,  779; 
xv.  841,  902;  xvi.  12;  and  Life,  p.  299.   '  Monsieur  de  la  Rochipot,' 
Francois  de   Montmorency,   governor  of  Picardy,  brother  of  the 
Constable.     One  of  his  ships,  captained  by  the  Sieur  de  Beaucourt, 
had  captured,  in  Aug.  1537,  a  vessel  belonging  to  Hans  Luben  of 
Hamburg,  enjoying  the  privileges  of  the  Hansa.     Luben  and  five 


310  NOTES  TO  LETTERS 

of  his  men  were  detained  by  the  Frenchmen,  who  took  his  ship,  with 
the  intention  of  sailing  it  to  Scotland.  But  the  vessel  (either  weather- 
driven  or  else  recaptured  by  '  Favour  and  Milketon,'  two  shipmasters 
of  Newcastle)  went  ashore  at  Whitby,  and  the  requests  of  Francis  and 
his  council  (transmitted  by  their  envoy  the  Sieur  d'Ampont)  that  the 
matter  be  '  renvoyed '  for  trial  to  France  were  refused,  on  the  ground 
that  the  ship  and  goods  were  in  an  English  port.  '  Declinator/am ' 
(cf.  French  '  declinatoire '),  an  exception  taken  against  a  judge  or 
jurisdiction.  '  Soulemount ' ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  309.  '  Oteland,'  in 
Surrey. 

317.  Cf.  notes  to  Letter  316. 

318.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (i)  1154,  and  notes  to  Letter  168.     '[M]aister 
Arundell,'  Sir  Thomas  Arundell,  High  Bailiff  of  Salisbury,  Receiver 
of  the  Augmentations,  Commissioner  of  the  Peace  in  Dorset ;  cf.  Cal. 
xiv.  (ii)  619  (56). 

319.  'John  Wynter,'  merchant  of  Bristol ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  190, 
and  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  1147.     'Gonston,'  William  Gonson,  employed  in 
rigging  and  repairing  the  King's  ships. 

320.  Sir  Thomas    Pope,    knight,   founder  of  Trinity  College, 
Oxford;  D.N.B.  xlvi.  135. 

321.  Sir  William  Paget,  knight,  Clerk  of  the  Signet,  afterwards 
Privy  Councillor,  and  Baron  Paget  of  Beaudesert;    D.N.B.  xliii. 
60.     'Mr.  Brereton,'  Sir  William  Brereton ;  cf.  Life,  p.  154.     'Mr. 
Griffith,'  Edward  Griffith,  one  of  the  Council  in  Ireland.     'Edwarde 
Dudley,'  son  of  John,  Ix>rd  Dudley,  and  Cecily,  sister  of  Lord 
Leonard  Grey ;  cf.  CaJ.  xiv.  (ii)  311.    On  Wyndham,  Huberdyn  and 
Blechinden,  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  6 1 6.     '  Mr.  Brabazon,'  William  Brabazon ; 
D.N.B.  vi.  138. 

322.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  392. 

323.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  387.    '  The  Chauncelor  Olesleger,'  Dr.  Henry 
Olisleger,  Vice-Chancellor  of  Cleves,  who  accompanied   Anne  of 
Cleves  to  England. 

324.  Cf.  Life,  pp.  260-1. 

325.  Cf.  Life,  p.  143,  and  Davis,  pp.  82-6. 

326.  John  Longland,  Bishop  of  Lincoln  and  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Oxford;    D.N.B.   xxxiv.    120.     'Yoi/r  Chauncelor,' 
Christopher  Massingberd;  cf.  Le  Neve,  ii.  93.    On  'the  parishe 
prest  of  Homecastell '  in  Lincolnshire,  cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  214. 

328.  Cf.  notes  to  letter  316. 

329.  Cf.  Life,  p.  262;  D.N.B.  xix.  231 ;  and  Chronicle  of  Calais, 
pp.  47,  167-9.    Southampton's  letter  of  Dec.  21  is  apparently  not 
extant.     '  Richardson '  and  '  thother,'  William  Richardson,  priest  (cf. 
notes  to  Letter  194),  and  William  Peterson,  formerly  Commissary  in 
Calais  under  Warham ;  both  were  executed  April  10,  1540,  on  the 
charge  of  treason ;  cf.  note  on  p.  266  of  Cal.  xiv.  (ii). 

330.  Cf.  Cal.  xiv.  (ii)  702,  734,  and  Life,  p.  159.     Sir  Thomas 


NOTES   TO   LETTERS  311 

Wharton,  Deputy  Warden  of  the  West  Marches,  Sheriff  of  Cumber- 
land ;  D.N.B.  Ix.  413.  'The  lorde  Maxwell,'  Robert  Lord  Maxwell, 
Scottish  Warden  of  the  West  Marches;  D.N.B.  xxxvii.  132. 

331.    Lisle's  letters  are  apparently  not  extant. 

333.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  the  letters  and  the  'boke  of 
munic/bns '  mentioned. 

334.  The  President  of  the  North,  Robert  Holgate,  Bishop  of 
Llandaff.    He  succeeded  Tunstall  as  President  of  the  Council  of  the 
North  in  June,  1538,  and  later  became  Archbishop  of  York ;  D.N.B. 
xxvii.  128. 

335.  Cf.  Cal.  xv.  353,  and  notes  to  Letter  168. 

336.  William,  Lord  Sturton  or  Stourton,  Commissioner  of  the 
Peace  in  Somerset;  cf.  Cal.  xv.  282  (9).     'Yewill,'  or  Yeovil,  in 
Somerset. 

337.  Richard  Rawlyns  (which  may  be  an  alias  for  Smith)  was  vicar 
of  Llangan  in  1540,  according  to  the  Valor  Ecclesiasticus,  iv.  410; 
cf.  note  at  the  bottom  of  p.  94  of  Cal.  xv.    '  The  bailif  ther,'  Thomas 
Webbe ;  the  name  is  erased  in  the  MSS. 

338.  Cf.  Life,  p.  284,  and  Pref.  to  Cal.  xv.  pp.  iv-xii.     'The 
qwene  of  Navarre,'  Margaret  of  Angouleme,  sister  of  Francis  I ; 
B.U.  xxvi.  552.     The  'Duk  of  Orleauns,'  Charles,  younger  son  of 
Francis   I.      'Madame   Destampes,'   Anne  de  Pisseleu,   daughter 
of  the  Sieur  d'Heilly,  wife  of  the  Duke  d'Estampes  and  mistress  of 
Francis  I ;  B.U.  xiii.  91. 

339.  Nesam,    Nesham    or   Neasham,    Benedictine    nunnery  in 
Durham  (Tanner    places   it  wrongly  in  Northumberland) ;  Joanna 
Lawson,   Abbess ;   cf.   Tanner,  Northld.,   xxii ;    Dugdale,   iv.  548. 
'James    lawson,'  Alderman   of  Newcastle;    cf.  Cal.   xiv.   (i)  652 
(M  15). 

340.  Cf.  Cal.  xv.  315,  320,  and  Preface  to  Cal.  xv.  p.  xxiii.     'The 
Cardinal  of  Lorrien,'  John,  brother  of  Duke  Anthony  of  I^orraine, 
Archbishop  of  Rheims,  and  High  Chamberlain  of  France.     'The 
legate  for  Farneze,'  Alexander  Earnese,  Cardinal,  son  of  Pier  Luigi 
Farnese,  Duke  of  Castro,  grandson  of  Pope  Paul  III,  sent  as  Papal 
emissary  to  the  meeting  of  Charles  V  and  Francis  I.    '  His  Gouemor 
Marssellw,'  Cardinal  Marcello  Cervini,  of  Monte  Pulciano  in  Tus- 
cany, Bishop  of  Nicastro,  Chief  Secretary  to  the  Pope ;  afterwards 
Pope  Marcellus  II.    At  '  the  treating  at  P<rrpynyon,'  in  January,  1538, 
a  six-months'  truce  was  arranged  between  deputies  of  Charles  V  and 
Francis  I;  cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (i)  69.      'The  King  of  Romaynez,'  Fer- 
dinand,  brother  of  Charles  V;    A.D.B.  vi.   632.      'Madame  de 
Navarre ' ;  cf.  notes  to  Letter  338.     '  The  Duke  of  Alva,'  Ferdinand 
Alvarez  de  Toledo,  statesman  and  general ;  B.U.  i.  313. 

341.  Cf.  Cal.  xv.  353,  and  notes  to  Letter  168. 

342.  Strangways,  Horsey,  and  Paulet,  Commissioners  of  the  Peace 


312 


NOTES  TO   LETTERS 


for  the  Western  Circuit ;  Fitzjames  and  Gilbert,  for  Somerset ;  cf.  Cal. 
xv.  282  (5  and  9). 

343.  Sadler  was  made  one  of  the  two  principal  Secretaries  to  the 
King  in  April,  1540;  cf.  D.N.B.  1.  210.  His  letter,  Cal.  xv.  468. 
Wyatt's  letters,  Cal.  xv.  448,  462.  'Mr.  pate*  arrived  at  the 
Emperor's  Court,  April  14,  1540;  cf.  Cal.  xv.  530,  and  D.N.B.  xliv. 
i  o.  '  The  prince  of  Salern,'  Ferdinand  de  San  Severino,  Prince  of 
Salerno,  visited  England  in  July,  1540,  'to  see  the  country,'  as 
Marillac  wrote  ;  cf.  Cal.  xv.  901. 

3.44.  Cf.  Cal.  xiii.  (ii)  645.  '  Seynte  Assaph,'  in  Flint ;  •  master 
Sulyarde,'  Sir  William  Sulyard,  Justice  there. 

345.  Cf.  I  Jfe,  p.  292,  and  Cal. xv.  582, 583,621,  622.  '  S/r  Gregorye ' 
Botolph,  chaplain  to  I  x>rd  Lisle,  accused  of  treason ;  cf.  Cal.  xv.  478. 
'  Rousseler,'  or  Roeselare,  about  20  miles  south  of  Bruges. 

346.  John  Capon,  alias  Salcot,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  succeeded 
Shaxton  in  July,  1539;  D.N.B.  ix.  22. 

347.  Sir  George  Lawson,  Treasurer  and  Master  of  Ordnance  at 
Berwick,  member  of  the  Council  of  the  North.     'Mr.  Bekw/th,' 
Leonard  Bekwith,  Receiver  of  the  Augmentations  in  Yorkshire. 

348.  Cf.  Life,  p.  296.     '  Frognvrton,'  Sir  George  Throgmorton, 
afterwards   Sheriff   of  Worcestershire.      'Susan  who  was    Falslye 
accusyd,'  doubtless  referring  to  the  story  of  Susanna  in  the  Apocrypha. 
'  Maister  Comptroller,'  Sir  William   Kingston;    D.N.B.  xxxi.    186. 
'  Her  Lorde  Chamb^rlayn,'  Thomas  Manners,  Duke  of  Rutland ; 
D.N.B.  xxxvi.  56. 

349-50.  Cf.  Cal.  xv.  822,  and  Life,  pp.  259-60,  263,  297. 
'  Osleger,'  Henry  Olisleger,  Vice-Chancellor  of  Cleves,  and  ambassa- 
dor to  England,  Jan.  1540.  '  Hogeston,'  Wernerus  von  Hoghestein, 
Chancellor  and  Hofmeister  to  the  Duke  of  Cleves,  accompanied 
Anne  to  England,  1539-40.  'The  Erll  of  Essex,'  Henry  Bourchier, 
killed  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  in  March,  1539-40  ;  cf.  D.N.B.  vi.  1 1. 

351.   Cf.  notes  to  Letter  316,  and  Life,  p.  299. 


LIST  OF  AUTHORITIES 


[The  following  bibliography  contains  only  printed  works ;  the  manuscript  collec- 
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abbreviations ;  e.  g.  B.  M.  Add.  MSS.,  for  the  collection  of  Additional 
Manuscripts  in  the  British  Museum  ;  Dods.  MSS.  in  Bibl.  Bodl.,  for  Roger 
Dodsworth's  collection  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  When  no  place  of  publication 
is  given,  it  is  to  be  assumed  that  the  book,  if  in  English,  is  printed  at  London ; 
if  in  French,  at  Paris;  if  in  German,  at  Leipzig.] 

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Surrey.    1891. 
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1885-92. 
BEATSON,  Robert.    A  political  index  to  the  histories  of  Great  Britain  and 

Ireland.     Edinburgh,  1786. 
BEZOLD,  Friedrich  v.    Geschichte  der  deutschen  Reformation.    (Oncken, 

Allgemeine  Geschichte,  3.  Abth.,  I.  Th.)    Berlin.    S.  d. 
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1885. 

BRADFORD,  William ;  see  under  Correspondence. 
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of  the  Church  of  England.    Ed.  Rev.  E.  Nares.    S.  d. 
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Alice  M.Todd.    Vol.  i.    1895. 
Calendar  ;  see  Letters  and  papers. 

Calendar  of  letters,  despatches,  and  State  papers,  relating  to  the  negotia- 
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existing  in  the  archives  and  collections  of  Venice  and  other  libraries 
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(Camden  Soc.)    1852. 
Chronicle ;  see  also  HALL,  HOLINSHED,  WRIOTHESLEY. 

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antiquities  of  England  and  Ireland,  &c.,  from  the  manuscripts  of 

Archbishop  Bancroft.    Ed.  John  Gutch.    2  vols.    Oxford,  1781. 

COLLIER,  Jeremy.    An  ecclesiastical  history  of  Great  Britain.    2  vols. 

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Corpus    Reformatorum.      Ph.     Melanchthonis    opera.      Edd.    C.    G. 

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ambassadcurs  de  France  en  Angleterre,  1537-42.    Edd.  MM.  Jean 

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CREICHTON,  Mandell.    Cardinal  Wolsey.    (Twelve  English  Statesmen.) 

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to  the  sack  of  Rome.    6  vols.    1901. 
DAVIS,  H.  W.  Carless.    Balliol  College.     (Oxford  University  College 

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DEMAUS,  R.    William  Tyndale.     Ed.  Richard  Lovett.     1886. 
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the  Roman  jurisdiction.    Third  ed.    4  vols.     London,  1895. 
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ELLIS,  James   J.     Thomas   Cromwell.     (Men  with   a  mission  Series.) 

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Foedera,  conventiones,  literae,  &c.    Ed.  Thomas  Rymer.    20  vols.    1704- 

1735- 
FOSS,  Edward.     The  lives  of  the   Chief  Justices  of  England.     2  vols. 

1849- 

Fourth  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  on  Historical  Manuscripts.    1877. 
FOXE,  John.    The  second  volume  of  the  ecclesiastical  history,  containing 

the  acts  and  monuments  of  martyrs.     1684. 
FREYBERG,  M.  v.    See  Herzog  Philippen  Leben. 
FRIEDMANN,  Paul.    Anne  Boleyn,  1527-1536.    2  vols.    1884. 
FROUDE,  J.  A.     History  of  England  from  the  fall  of  Wolsey  to  the  death  ' 

of  Elizabeth.     12  vols.     New  York,  1868. 

The  divorce  of  Catherine  of  Aragon.     1891. 
GAILLARD,  Gabriel  Henri.    Histoire  de  Francois  Premier,  Roi  de  France. 

4  vols.     1819. 
GAIRDNER,  James.    Mary  and  Anne  Boleyn  ;  The  age  of  Anne  Boleyn. 

(English  Historical  Review,  vols.  viii  and  x.)     1893  and  1895. 

See  also  Introductions  and  prefaces. 
GALTON,  Arthur.      The  character   and    times  of  Thomas  Cromwell. 

Birmingham.     1887. 
GASQUET,  Francis  Aidan.    Henry  VIII  and  the  English  monasteries. 

New  ed.    2  vols.    S.  d. 

The    last  Abbot  of  Glastonbury  and    his 

companions.     1895. 

GNEIST,  Rudolf.    Englische  Verfassungsgeschichte.    Berlin,  1882. 
GREEN,  John  Richard.     History  of  the  English  people.    4  vols.     1878. 
GUICCIARDINI,  Francesco.     Istoria  d*  Italia.     10  vols.    Milan,  1803. 
GuiFFREY,  Georges  ;  see  Chronique. 
GUTCH,  John  ;  see  Collectanea  Curiosa. 
HALL,  Edward.     Chronicle,  containing  the  history  of  England  during 

the  reigns  of  Henry  IV  and  the  succeeding  monarchs  to  the  end  of 

the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.     1809. 
HALLAM,   Henry.      The  constitutional   history  of  England,  from  the 

accession  of  Henry  VII  to  the  death  of  George  II.    3  vols.    New  ed. 

IS97- 


316 


LIST  OF  AUTHORITIES 


HALLIWELL,  James  Orchard.    A  dictionary  of  archaic  and  provincial 

words.    Third  ed.    2  vols.     1855. 
HEIDRICH,  Paul    Der  geldrische  Erbfolestreit.    (Beitrage  rurdeutschen 

Territorial-  u.  Stadtgeschichte ;   eddL  G.  v.  Below,  H.  Diemar,  und 

F.  Keutgen;  I.  Serie,  I.  Heft.)    Kassel,  1896. 
HERBERT  OF  CHERBURV,  Edward,  Lord.  A  complete  history  of  England. 

Vol.  ii,  the  history  of  King  Henry  VIII.    1706. 
Herzog  Philippen  Leben   und  Sterben,  kurz  verzeichnet  durch  seinen 

13  ruder    Ottheinrich.      (Vol.    iv  of  M.   v.    Freyberg's    Sammlung 

historischer  Schriftcn  und   Urkunden.)     Stuttgart  and  Tubingen, 

1827-36. 
HOLINSHED,  Ralph.     Chronicles  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

6  vols.     1808. 
HUME,  David.    History  of  England.    Continued  by  T.  S.  Hughes.     18 

vols.    1854. 
Introductions  and  prefaces  to  letters  and  papers,  foreign  and  domestic, 

of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.    By  J.  S.  Brewer  and  James  Gairdner. 

18  vols.    1862-1901. 

Journal  of  the  House  of  Lords.    Official  ed.    Vol.  i. 
KAULEK,  Jean ;  see  Correspondance. 
KERVYN  de  Lettenhove ;  see  Commentaires. 

LAFSLEY,  G.  T.     The  problem  of  the  North.    (American  Historical 
Review,  voL  v.)     1900. 

I.K  NEVE,  John.     Fasti  Ecclesiae  Anglicanae.    Ed.  T.  Duffus  Hardy. 

3  vols.    Oxford.     1854. 
LENZ,  Max.     Briefwechsel  Landgraf  Philipps  des  Grossmiithigen  von 

Hessen  mit  Bucer.    (Publicationen  aus  den  K.  Pr.  Staatsarchiven.) 

3  vols.     1880-91. 
Letters  and  papers,  foreign  and  domestic,  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VI II. 

Edd.  J.  S.  Brewer,  James  Gairdner,  and  R.  H.  Brodie.     18  vols. 

1862-1901.    [Cited  throughout  as  Cal.] 

Ltttres  et  me'moires  d'estat.    Ed.  Guillaume  Ribier.    2  vols.     1666. 
LEWIS,    John.      The  life  of  Dr.  John  Fisher,  Bishop  of  Rochester. 

Introduction  by  T.  Hudson  Turner.    2  vols.     1855. 

Life  and  death  of  Thomas  Lord  Cromwell,  the  true  chronicle  history  of 
the  whole.    Erroneously  attributed  to  Shakespeare.     1613. 

LJNGARD,  John.    A  history  of  England  from  the  first  invasion  by  the 

Romans.    Third  ed.     14  vols.     1825. 
Lords'  Journal ;  see  Journal. 
MACHIAVELLI,  Niccol6.     11  Principe.     Ed.  L.  Arthur  Burd    Oxford, 

1891. 
MANNING,  Owen.    The  history  and  antiquities  of  the  county  of  Surrey. 

Continued  by  William  Bray.    3  vols.     1804-14. 
MARTIN,  Henri.    Histoire  de  France.    Fourth  ed.    1885. 

MENDES  SILVA,  Rodrigo.    Parangon  de  los  dos  Cromueles  de  Inglatcrra. 
Madrid,  1657. 

MIGNET,  M.     Rivalite*  de  Francois  I  et  Charles-Quint.      Third  ed. 
2  vols.    1886. 

MOORE,  Norman.  The  death  of  Katherine  of  Aragon.  London  Athenaeum, 
nos.  2988, 2992.     1885. 


LIST  OF  AUTHORITIES  317 

NOBLE,  Mark.    Memoirs  of  the  Protectoral  House  of  Cromwell.    Third 

ed.    2  vols.    1787. 
NOTT,  Geo.  Fred.     Memoirs  of  the  life  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt.    (Vol.  ii 

of  the  Works  of  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  Sir  Thomas 

Wyatt  the  Elder.)     1816. 
Original  letters  illustrative  of  English  history.      Ed.  Sir  Henry  Ellis. 

Second    series,  4  vols. ;    third   series,  4  vols.      1827-46.      [Cited 

throughout  as  Ellis.] 
Parliamentary  Papers.    Vol.  Ixii,  part  I,  Members  of  Parliament,  1213- 

1702.     1878. 
PAULI,    Reinhold.      Cardinal    Wolsey  und  das   Parlament  von   1523. 

(Historische  Zeitschrift,  vol.  xxi.)     Munich,  1869. 

Thomas  Cromwell,  der  Hammer  der  Monche.  (Auf- 
satze  zur  Englischen  Geschichte,  pp.  293-341.) 
1883. 
PHILLIPS,  John.    The  Cromwell  family.    Antiquary,  vol.  ii.     1880. 

The  Cromwells  of  Putney.    Antiquarian  Magazine  and 
Bibliographer,  vol.  ii.     1882. 

PHILLIPS,  Thomas.  The  history  of  the  life  of  Reginald  Pole.  Oxford,  1764. 

PINKERTON,  John.    The  history  of  Scotland  from  the  accession  of  the 

house  of  Stuart  to  that  of  Mary.    2  vols.     1797. 
POLE,  Reginald.  Apologia  ad  Carolum  Quintum  Caesarem.    Epistolarum 

pars  I.    Brescia,  1744. 
Prefaces ;  see  Introductions. 

RANKE,  Leopold  von.    Deutsche  Geschichte  im  Zeitalter  der  Reformation. 
.  Sammthche  Werke,  vols.  i-vi.    Fourth  ed.     1867. 

Die  romischen  Piipste  in  den  letzten  vier  Jahr- 
hunderten.  Sammtliche  Werke,  vols.  xxxvii- 
xxxix.  Fourth  ed.  1867. 

REEVES,  John.  History  of  English  law.  Ed.W.  F.  Finlason.  3  vols.  1869. 
RlBlER,  Guillaume  ;  see  Lettres  et  me'moires. 
ROBERTSON,  William.     History  of  the  reign  of  Charles  V.    Continuation 

by  William  H.  Prescott.    2  vols.    S.  d. 
ROGERS,  James  E.  Thorold.     A  history  of  agriculture  and  prices  in 

England.    6  vols.    Oxford,  1882. 
ROPER,  William.    The  life  of  Sir  Thomas  More.    Ed.  J.  R.  Lumby. 

(Pitt  Press  Series.)    Cambridge,  1897. 
ROUND,  J.  H.    The  early  life  of  Anne  Boleyn.    1886. 
RUDING,   Rogers.      Annals  of  the  coinage  of  Great   Britain  and  its 

dependencies.    Third  ed.    3  vols.     1840. 
RYMER,  Thomas ;  see  Foedera. 

SCHAEFER,  Dietrich.    Die  Hansestadte  und  KSnig  Waldemar  von  Dane- 
mark.    Jena,  1879. 
SCHANZ,  Georg.    Englische  Handelspolitik  gegen  Ende  des  Mittelaltcrs. 

2  vols.    1 88 1. 
SECKENDORFF,    V.    L.      Commentarius  historicus   et  apologeticus  de 

Lutheranismo,  1517-46.    Leipzig,  1794. 
SHAKESPEARE,  William.    King  Henry  VIII. 
SLEIDAN,  J.     De  statu  religionis  et  reipublicae,  Carolo  Quinto  Caesare, 

commentarii.    Ed.  J.  G.  Bohme.    3  vols.    Frankfurt  am  Main,  1786. 


318  LIST  OF  AUTHORITIES 

SMITH,  A.  L.    The  Pilgrimage  of  Grace.    (Vol.  iii  of  Social  England. 

Ed.  H.  D.  Traill.)     1897. 
SOAMES,  Henry.     The  history  of  the   Reformation  of  the   Church  of 

England.    4  vols.     1826-8. 
Spanish  Calendar  ;  see  undtr  Calendar. 
State  Papers.     King  Henry  VIII.     n  vols.     1830-52. 
Statutes  of  the  Realm.    Edd.  A.  Luders,  T.  E.  Tomlins,  and  others. 

II  vols,     1810-28. 

STOW,  John.    The  chronicles  of  England  from  Brute  vnto  this  present 
yeare  of  Christ.     1580. 

A  survay  of  London.     1603. 
STRYPE,  John.    Ecclesiastical  memorials.    3  vols.    Oxford,  1822. 

Memorials  of  Archbishop  Cranmer.    2  vols.     Oxford, 
1812. 

S TUBES,  William.    The  constitutional  history  of  England  in  its  origin 

and  development.    (Clarendon   Press  Series.)     Sixth  ed.     3  vols. 

Oxford,  1897. 

Seventeen  lectures  on  the  study  of  mediaeval  and 

modern  history.    Third  ed.    Oxford,  1900. 
Sylloge  epistplarum  a  variis  Angliae  principibus  scriptarum.     (Titi  Livii 

Foro-Juliensis  vita  Henrici   Quinti,   Regis  Angliae.     Ed.  Thomas 

Hearne.)    Oxford,  1716. 
TANNER,  Thomas.   Notitia  monastica.   Ed.  James  Nasmith.   Cambridge, 

1787. 
THOMAS,  William.    The  Pilgrim  ;  a  dialogue  of  the  life  and  actions  of 

King  Henry  VIII.    Ed.  J.  A.  Froude.     1861. 
Three  chapters  of  letters  relating  to  the  suppression  of  the  monasteries. 

Ed.  Thomas  Wright.    (Camden  Soc.)     1843. 

ULMANN,  Heinrich.    Kaiser  Maximilian  I.    2  vols.    Stuttgart,  1884. 
Valor  ecclesiasticus,  temp.  Hen.  VIII,  auctoritate  regia  institutus.    6  vols. 

1810-34.  • 

Venetian  Calendar ;  see  under  Calendar. 
WAITZ,  Georg.    Liibeck  unter  Jiirgen  Wullenwever  und  die  Europ.iische 

Politik.    3  vols.     Berlin,  1855-6. 
W  ILK  INS,  David ;  see  Concilia. 
WILSON,  H.  A.   Magdalen  College.  (Oxford  University  College  Histories.) 

1899. 

WOOD,  Anthony  a.    Fasti  Oxonienses.    Ed.  Philip  Bliss.    1815. 
WORDSWORTH,  Christopher.     Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex.     (Vol.  ii    of 

Ecclesiastical  Biography.)     1818. 
WRIGHT,  Thomas ;  see  Three  chapters  of  letters. 
WKIOTHESLEY,   Charles,  Windsor   Herald.     A  chronicle  of  England, 

1484-1559.     Ed.  William  Douglas  Hamilton.    (Camden  Soc.)    2  vols. 

1875. 


INDEX 


[The  figures  in  ordinary  type  refer  to  page  numbers;  those  in 
heavy  type  to  letter  numbers.  Page  numbers,  save  when  preceded  by 
the  Roman  numeral  ii,  or  when  placed  in  parentheses  after  letter 
numbers  135-351,  refer  to  the  first  volume.  Names  of  streets,  build- 
ings, and  smaller  localities  are  placed  under  the  heading  of  the  town 
in  which  they  are ;  e.g.  Stourbridge  Fair  under  Cambridge  ;  Gray's  Inn 
under  London. 


Abbeville,  193. 

Abingdon,  Berks.,  a  popish  monk 

of,  248. 
Accountants  to  the  Council  of  the 

North,  284. 
Act  of  Succession,  see  Succession, 

Act  of. 
Adamson,  John,  Prior  of  Coxford, 

1 68;  letter  to,  180. 
Admiral,   the,  see    Southampton, 

Earl  of. 
Admiralty  ('  Amyralte '),  the  Judge 

of  the,  351. 
Adriatic  Sea,  260. 
Aigues  Mortes,  237-8. 
Albany,  John  Stuart,  Duke  of,  27. 
Albein,  Hanze,  see  Holbein,  Hans. 
AlceterAbbey,  Warwickshire,  1 68«. 
Alcock,  John,  Mayor  of  Canter- 
bury, 126-7. 
Ale,  Assize  of,  3. 
Alehouses,  see  Taverns. 
Alemayn,  see  Germany. 
Alen,  see  Allen. 
Alexander  VI,  Pope,  229. 
Allen,  or  Alen,  Dr.  John,  Archbp. 

of  Dublin,  50,  149-52,8?. 
Allen  or  Alen,  John,  Master  of 

the  Rolls  in  Ireland,  149. 
Allen  or  Aleyn,  John,  alderman 

of  London,  3. 

Allen  or  Alen,  Thomas,  brother 

of  John,  Archbishop  of  Dublin, 
80  ;  letter  to,  47. 

Almaine,  see  Germany. 


Alva,  Ferdinand  Alvarez  de 
Toledo,  Duke  of,  340  (255). 

Alvard,  Thomas,  62,  68,  36. 

Amicable  Loan,  78,  80. 

Amiens  ('  Amyans '),  treaty  belli 
offensivi  ratified  at,  127-8. 

Amos  the  Prophet,   quoted,  68 

(375-6). 

Ampont,  le  Sieur  d',  816. 

Ampthill,Bedfordshire,HenryVIII 
•* («53o)i  18  (333) ;  letters  dated 
from,  203-5. 

Andelot,  Jean  d',  the  Emperor's 
Master  of  the  Horse,  309. 

Andrew,  a  ship  called  the,  90. 

Androwe,  William,  of  Great  Ri- 
borough,  Norfolk,  246. 

Anenyan,  Peter  van,  345. 

Angouleme,  Charles,  Duke  of, 
third  son  of  Francis  I ;  later 
(1536)  Duke  of  Orleans,  224-5, 
236,  170,  838. 

Angus  (' Anguishe '),  Archibald 
Douglas,  Earl  of,  174. 

Annates,  Act  of,  114,  133-4,  28. 

Anne  of  Cleves,  244,  259,  261, 
265,  285,  291,  296-9,  287, 
309  (217),  323,  829,  348-9; 
description  of  her,  261-2,  299; 
her  portrait  by  Holbein, 
262 ;  her  arrival  at  Calais, 
262 ;  her  journey  from 
Canterbury  to  Greenwich,  263  ; 
Henry  VIII's  first  impression  of 
her,  263 ;  letter  to  her  brother 


INDEX 


William,  Duke  of  Clevcs,  298 ; 

her  divorce,  297-300. 
Antwerp,  10,  24,  85,  140,  203. 

305  (211-2);  mention  of  letters 

dated  at,  64,  219,  21. 
Appeals,  Act  of,  113-4. 
Appowell,  Thomas,  of  Calais,  90. 
Ap-Rice,  John,  see  Rice,  John  ap. 
Aquila,   William,  Lord    Bedber, 

Count  of,  200. 
Archers,  the  King's,  293. 
Arches,  Court  of,  105-6. 
Ardren,  John,  27. 
Ardres,  near  Calais,  290. 
Armouries,  288. 

Armuyden  ('  Hannywe  *),  in  Zea- 
land, 74. 

Arondell,  Thomas,  letter  to,  7. 
Arragosco,  a  poor  man  of,  7. 
Arthur,  Prince  of  Wales,  eldest  son 

of  Henry  VII  (died  1502),  298  n. 
Articles,  a  book  of,  sent  to  the 

Princess  Mary  to  sign,  150. 
Articles  of  Faith,  the,  in  English, 

150  (26),  273. 
Articles,  the  Six,  of  1539,  163, 

247»  253-5,  *59-6°.  264,  269, 

276,    286-7,    3°6;    Cranmer's 

book  against,  25,  255  n. 
Articles,  the  Ten,  of  1536,  130-1, 

204,  234,  239,  150  (28-9). 
Arundel,     Sir     Thomas,     High 

Bailiff  of  Salisbury,  318. 
Ascugh.  Sir  Christopher,  Gentle- 
man Usher,  letter  to  Cromwell, 

1 86. 
Aske,  Robert,  189-93,  195,180  ; 

hanged  at  York,  103. 
Assher,  see  Esher. 

Aste, ,  256  n. 

Athequa,     George,     Bishop     of 

Llandaff,     Queen      Katherine's 

confessor,  228,  141. 
Attainder,  Acts  or  Bills  of,  70, 

210,  282,  295,  300* 
Audience,  Court  of,  105-6. 
Auditor   to  the   Council  of  the 

North,  office  of,  284. 
Audley,  Sir  Thomas,  Keeper  of 


the  Great  Seal,  Speaker,  Lord 
High  Chancellor,  18.  96,  120, 
126,  186,  232,  36,  68,  65.  1O7, 
250,  278,  207,  340-50  ;  letter 
from  him  and  Cromwell  to  the 
Bailiffs  of  Weymouth,  48  ;  letter 
from  him  and  Cromwell  to  the 
Mayor  and  Commonalty  of 
Cambridge,  106 ;  letter  from  him 
and  Cromwell  to  Sir  John 
Russell  and  others,  100  ;  letters 
to,  53,  85. 

Augmentations,  Court  of,  170-1. 

Augsburg,  305. 

Augsburg  Confession,  247/7. 

Auria,  Andreas  de,  see  Doria. 

Austen,  Nicholas,  Abbot  of 
Rewley,  Oxford,  168. 

Austria, Archdukedom  0^37-9,42. 

Austria,  House  of,  93. 

Averey,  John,  62. 

Averey,  Thomas,  60. 

Avignon,  300  (219). 

Aylesford,  Kent,  House  of  the 
White  Friars  of,  280. 

Aylmer,  Richard,  chief  Serjeant 
in  the  county  of  Kildare,  207. 

Babington,  Sir  Anthony,  228. 

Babington,  John,  son  of  Sir 
Anthony,  letter  to,  228. 

Babington,  Sir  John  ('  Maister 
Babington '),  8. 

Babington,  Dame  Katherine, 
widow  of  Sir  Anthony,  228. 

Babington,  Thomas,  son  and  heir 
of  Sir  Anthony,  228. 

Balam,  Sir  Nicholas,  priest,  late 
monk  of  Henton,  318. 

Balbastro  ('  Barbastra'),  in  Spain, 
letter  received  at,  222,  224. 

Balliol  College,  see  under  Oxford. 

Bamborough  Castle,  Northumber- 
land, 210. 

Bandello,  Matteo,  5,  8,  10;  pas- 
sage from  his  'Novelle,'  19-23. 

Bantry  fasagh  or  forest  ('  fassaghe 
bentre  *),  in  Ireland,  214. 

Barbary,  305  (211-2),  3O6. 


INDEX 


321 


Barbastra,  see  Balbastro. 
Barcelona,  in  Spain,  340  ;  letters 
received  at,  213,  229,  234,  238, 
241,  244,  260. 
Bareth,  William,  52. 
Barking,  Essex,  63. 

Barlow,  William,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  St.  Davids,  157,  152. 

Barnaby,  Thomas,  courier,  240. 

Barnes,  parish  of,  i. 

Barnes,  Robert,  English  Ambassa- 
doratHamburg,  222,226,258-9, 
287-8,  300,  295  (188). 

Barnwell,  the  town  of,  now  part  of 
Cambridge,  206. 

Barnwell,  Patrick,  203. 

Bartelet,  Thomas,  see  Bartlett. 

Bartholomew,  Rouge  Croix  pur* 
suivant,  see  Butler,  Bartholomew. 

Bartlett,  Thomas,  the  King's 
printer,  85. 

Barton,  Elizabeth  (the  Nun  of 
Kent,  the  Holy  Maid,  'the 
Ipocryte  Nunne'),  118-20,  208, 
52,  65,  68. 

Bashe,  Edward,  deputy  or  clerk 
to  John  Russell,  in  the  Marches 
of  Wales,  282. 

Bassas,  or  Pashas,  viceroys  of 
Turkish  provinces,  809. 

Bath,  Somerset,  167. 

Battersea,  13, 18  (332). 

Baumbach,  Ludwig  von,  a  Coun- 
cillor of  the  Landgrave  of  Hesse, 
256-9,  264-6,  286,  309(219), 
310 ;  report  by  him  and  Franz 
Burckhard  of  their  embassy  to 
England  in  1539,  272-7; 
account  of  his  journey  to  Eng- 
land in  1539—40,  277-80. 

Bavaria,  Duke  Otto  Henry  of 
('  Ottheinrich'),  269. 

Bavaria,  Duke  Philip  of  ('den 
pfalzgrauen '),  267-71,  279. 

Bavaria,  Dukes  of,  of  the  Pala- 
tinate branch,  mention  of  the 
King's  letter  to,  64. 

Bavaria,  William,  Elector  of, 
money  lent  to,  by  the  King,  127. 


Bawon,  the  new,  see  New  Bawn. 
Baxter  ('  Backster '),  Robert,  clerk 

of  the  Common  Bench,  96. 
Bayly,  John,  Prior  of  Wenlock, 

letters  to,  72, 184. 
Baynham,  Bartholomew,  a  servant 

of  Cromwell,  67. 
Baynham,  Robert,  of  Calais,  67. 
Baynton  ('Benton'),  Sir  Richard, 

297  ;  Isabella,  his  wife,  297. 
Beacons,  188,  252,  298  (197). 
Bear-baiting  on  the  Thames,  25, 

255  »• 

Beaucourt,  le  Sieur  de,  328. 
Beck,  Edward,  205. 
Becket,  St.  Thomas  a,  Archbishop 

of  Canterbury,  printed  life  of,  1 76. 
Bedford,  county  of,  6. 
Bedford,  Earl  of,  see  Russell,  Sir 

John. 
Bedgbury,  near  Gondhurst,  Kent, 

letter  dated  from,  272. 
Beese,  Sir  Thomas,  vicar  of  South- 
stoke,  Somersetshire,  191. 
Beeston,  Thomas,  letter  to,  45. 
Begham,  Kent,  2  ;    letter  dated 

from,  2. 

Bekwith,  Leonard,  188,  347. 
Bell,  Alexander,  33O. 
Bellay,     John     du,     Bishop     of 

Bayonne,    and   later  of   Paris, 

Cardinal,  18,  122. 
Bellay,    William    du,    Sieur    de 

Langey,  brother  of  the  preced- 
ing, 113  (419). 
Bellyssis,  Richard,  51. 
Belthrop,  manor  of,  Yorkshire,  27. 
Bembo,  Pietro,  Cardinal,  305. 
Benton,  see  Baynton. 
Beowulf,  125  n. 
Berde,  Richard,  295  (187),  300 

(206),  309. 

Berg,  Duchy  of,  245-7  »•»  297. 
Berkeley       Herons       ('  Barklay 

hoornes '),  Gloucestershire,  letter 

dated  from,  112. 
Berks.,  county  of,  6. 
Berners,  John  Bourchier,Lord,5i, 

1 60. 


MKRRIK.VN.    II 


INDEX 


Berwick-on-Twecd,  347. 
Beryer,  Thomas,  Warden  of  the 

Grey  Friars  of  Blots.  24. 
Bcton,  David,  Abbot  of  Arbroath, 

Cardinal,  1 59,  226. 
Bettys,    James,    officer     of    the 

Customs  at  Southampton,  letter 

to   him    and   Richard   Palshid, 

181. 

Beverley,  178. 
Bible    in   English,    130-3,   266. 

273. 
Bigod,  Sir  Francis,  194-5,  205, 

188-0. 
Bilbao   ('Bylbowe').    in    Biscay, 

Spain,  letter  addressed  to,  1. 
Birlington,  see  Bridlington. 
Birmingham       ('  brymedgham '), 

John,  of  Ireland,  213. 
Biscay,  27,  1, 190. 
Bishoprics,  erection  of  new,  178; 

right  of  presentation  during  va- 
cancy of,  277. 
Bishops    (the    '  Prelattes '),    97, 

114-5,     «66,     244,    305,    19; 

committee  of,  254  ;  jurisdiction 

of  the,  1 1 5-6 ;  Prohibitory  Letter 

to  the,  115,  167. 
Blacket,  John,  Vicar  of  Ilderton, 

Northumberland,  334. 
Blagg,  Mr.,  289. 
Blakamore,  Essex,  48. 
Blechinden,  William,  321. 
Blois,  Grey  Friars  of,  24. 
Blood  of  Hailes,  174. 
Blundell,      Elizabeth,      wife     of 

William,  327. 
Blundell,   William,    of  Cheshire, 

327. 
Bodenham  or   Bodman,  Cecilia, 

Abbess    of   Wilton,    letter    to, 

115. 
Bodyc,      William,       Cromwell's 

servant,   62,  177  (45),  179;   a 

remembrance  for  him  concerning 

his  journey  into  Ireland,  179. 
Boleyn,  Anne,  Queen  of  England 

('la  dame'),  17,  64,  70-1,  82-3, 

92,  98,  113-4,  117-8,  129-30, 


M4, 151. '03.  217. 232-3  »-jo6. 

13 ;  account  of  her  arrest,  147. 
Boleyn,  George,  Viscount  Roch- 

ford,  72,  94;  committed  to  the 

Tower,  147. 
Boleyn,  Mary,  82. 
Boleyn,  Sir  Thomas,  see  Wiltshire, 

Earl  of. 

Bolle,  Thadeus,  courier.  145. 
Bologna,   25,   75,   93,  216.  122 

(427). 

Bolt,  Robert,  8. 

Bonner,  Edmund,  Archdeacon  of 
Leicester,  Bishop  of  Hereford. 
Bishop  of  London,  73,  86, 
281-3,  177-8,  247.  250,  253, 
288,  297,  309  (217.  219).  317. 

•351;  letters  to,  110.  293.  316; 
letter  to  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt.  Dr. 
Haynes  and  him,  267  ;  letter  to 
Dr.  Haynes  and  him.  265. 

Bonvell,  Robert,  merchant  of 
Paris,  62. 

Bonvixi,  Antonio,  281. 

Book  for  the*solace  and  consola- 
tion of  Princes,  288. 

Bordeaux,  detention  of  English 
ships  at,  226,  126-8.  135. 

Borgia,  Caesar,  229. 

Borough,  Henry,  letter  to,  20. 

Boston,  Lincolnshire,  10,  24,  52, 
174  «.;  letter  addressed  to,  138. 

Bothe,  Lawrence,  Bishop  of 
Durham,  Archbishop  of  York, 

18  (332). 
Botolph,  Sir  Gregory,  chaplain  to 

Lord  Lisle,  346. 
Boulogne  ('  Bolayn '),  39. 
Bourbon,  Charles,  Duke  of,  28, 

79- 

Bowen, ,  of  Bristol,  190. 

Bowes,  Robert,  192. 

Boxley  Abbey,  Kent,  174. 

Boxworth,  ,  alms-man  of 

Donington,  235. 

Brabazon,  William,  Vice-Trea- 
surer of  Ireland,  51,  62,  152, 
179,  214,  321;  letters  to,  12, 
220. 


INDEX 


323 


Bracton,  Henry  de,  122  n. 

Bradley,  Somerset,  342  (258). 

Brancetour,  Robert,  an  English- 
man in  the  service  of  the 
Emperor,  282-3,  253. 

Brandenburg,  Joachim,  Elector  of, 
256-7,  209. 

Brawne,  John,  80. 

Brereton,  Roger,  Sheriff  of  Flint- 
shire, letter  to  him,  344  ;  letter 
to  Sir  William  Sullyard  and  him, 
277. 

Brereton,  William,  of  the  Privy 
Chamber,  147. 

Brereton,  Sir  William,  Lord 
Deputy  of  Ireland,  154,  321. 

Brest,  in  Brittany,  298  (196). 

Breton  pirates,  190. 

Brian,  Sir  Francis  ('  the  Vicar  of 
Hell'),  205,  235,126,137,147, 
149  (16),  163-6,  281;  letter  to 
Gardiner  and  him,  187  ;  letter 
to  Gardiner,  Thirleby  and  him, 
258. 

Bridlington  ('  Birlington ')  Priory, 
188 ;  Prior  of,  see  Wode. 

Brighton,  Sussex,  29  n. 

Brion,  Philip  Chabot,  Sieur  de, 
Admiral  of  France,  Ambassador 
to  England,  224-5,  13e>  13®  ; 
letter  to,  98. 

Bristol,  19O. 

Brittany  ('  Bretayn'),  39,  41,  154, 
225. 

Brocke,  Edmond,  117. 

Brockley  ('  Brokesley/ '  Brokleye '), 
or  West  Greenwich,  in  Kent, 
50-1. 

Broke,  Sir  Richard,  Lord  Chief 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  7. 

Brokesley  or  Brokley,  in  the  parish 
of  Deptford,  see  Brockley,  Kent. 

Bromehill  Priory,  9. 

Bromham  ('Brumham'),  letters 
dated  from,  114,  122. 

Browne,  Sir  Anthony,  260. 

Browne,  George,  Provincial  of 
the  Austin  Friars,  Archbishop  of 
Dublin,  152,  176,  52,  179. 


Browne,  Sir  John.  162. 

Browne,  John,  of  Louth,  Lincoln- 
shire, 171. 

Brussels,  251. 

Bruton  Abbey,  Somerset,  35 ; 
Abbot  of,  see  Elya. 

Brutus,  or  Brute,  King  of  Britain, 
67. 

Bryges,  John,  126-8, 148. 

'  Brymedgham,'  see  Birmingham. 

Buckingham,  county  of,  6,  8. 

Bulkeley,  Katherine,  Abbess  of 
Godstow,  177. 

Bulmer,  Sir  John,  188-9. 

Burbank,  William,  48. 

Burbek,  Robert,  of  Great  Ri- 
borough,  Norfolk,  246,  267. 

Burckhard,  Franz  ('Burgartus'), 
Vice-Chancellor  of  Saxony,  239, 
244,  249-50,  256-9,  261,  265, 
278-9,  287,  295.  299.  30O. 
309  (219),  31O  ;  report  by  him 
and  Ludwig  von  Baumbach  of 
their  Embassy  to  England  in 
1539.  272-7. 

Burges,  John,  President  Elect  of 
MagdalenCollege.Oxford  ( 1 5  2  7 ), 
16. 

Burgundy  ('  Burgoyn '),  340. 

Burgundians  ('  bourgoynons '), 
army  of  the,  193. 

Burton,  Henry,  letter  to,  96. 

Bury  St.  Edmund's,  see  St.  Ed- 
mund's Bury. 

Butler  family,  147,  153. 

Butler,  Bartholomew,  Rouge 
Croix  pursuivant,  193,  222.  229. 

Butler,  Edmund,  Archbishop  of 
Cashel,  214. 

Butler,  Lord  James,  son  of  the 
Earl  of  Ossory,  208, 213-4,  220, 
225. 

Butler,  John,  Archbishop  Cran- 
mer's Commissary  at  Calais,  162- 
3,  812,  314. 

Butler,  Lady  Katherine,  widow, 
214. 

Butler,  Richard,  brother  of  Lord 
James  Butler,  214. 


Y  2 


INDEX 


Butler,  Sir  Thomas,  letter  to,  167. 
Butrye,  Maister.  3. 
Buttcs,  Maister,  97. 
Button,      William,      Cromwell's 
servant,  283. 
'  Byckeling/  manor  of,  9. 
By  got  t.  John,  a  murderer,  77. 
Byland,  Abbot  of,  see  Ledes. 
•  Byrd/  see  Bcrde. 
Byrde,  William,  clerk,  335. 
Byrton,  Mr.,  6. 
'  Byryn,'  see  O'Connor,  Brian. 

Caistor,  Lincolnshire,  185. 
Calais,  29  »..  102,  140,  147,  205, 

235>  25*»  29°<  44.  55-  8°>  82> 
84,  93,  99.  143,  26O,  263, 
268,  272,  292,  297-8  (198), 
314,  32O,  343,  345;  account 
of  the  government  of,  160-4; 
letters  Addressed  to,  44,  55, 
57.  60,  82,  84,  86,  93,  99, 
140,  155,  157,  192,  194-5, 
209,  245,  254,  260,  263, 
268-9,  271-2,  312-5,  322, 
331,  333;  the  Surveyor  of,  see 
Lelegrave,  William;  Lord  De- 
puty of,  see  Lisle  ;  Mayor 
of,  see  Whethel;  letter  to  the 
Mayor,  Bailiffs,  &c.  of  Dover 
and  Calais,  183 ;  the  King's 
house  called  the  Exchequer  at, 
322;  letter  to  the  Council  of, 
312. 

Caldwall.  Nicholas,  82. 

Caltield,  Humfrey,  deputy  to  John 
Russell,  in  the  Marches  of 
Wales,  282. 

Calwich  Priory  ('  Calliche,'  '  Col- 
wyche'),  Staffordshire,  22,  43. 

Cambray,  205,  189,  297;  Dean 
of,  251 ;  treaty  of,  81,  214. 

Cambridge,  52-3,  142,  145, 
13,  19;  the  Tolbothe  prison, 
116.  124,  129;  St.  Mary's 
church,  129;  Stourbridge  Fair, 
106,  116,  129;  letters  to  the 
Mayor,  Bailiffs,  &c.  of,  142, 
106,  116,  124,  129,  186,  206  ; 


Cromwell's  scholars  at,  53,  13. 
19  ;  University  of,  13,  106.  116, 
124,  129,  169  (27),  186,  2O6. 

Camerik,  see  Cambray. 

Camerino,  Dukedom  of,  243,  286 
(169-70,  172). 

Campion,  Edward,  Clerk  of  the 
Peace  in  Essex,  102. 

Camps,  Park,  Baillywick  and  town 
of,  Cambridgeshire,  119. 

Canaples,  Jean  de  Cre'quy,  Sieur 
de,  193. 

Canbery,  manor  of,  Middlesex, 
60-1,  299  ». ;  letters  dated  from, 
75,  81,  82. 

Canewood  and  Canefields,  Essex, 
farm  of,  89. 

Canterbury,  120,  262;  letter  to 
the  Mayor,  Sheriffs  and  com- 
monalty of,  148 ;  Archbp.  of, 
see  Cranmer,  Kempe,  Morton, 
Warham ;  Convocation  of,  95  ; 
election  of  burgesses  from,  126— 
8 ;  Prerogative  Court  of,  14 ;  See 
of,  i. 

Capon  alias  Salcot,  John,  Bishop 
of  Salisbury,  letter  to,  346. 

Captain  of  the  Guard,  293. 

Carbot,  Dr.,  a  kinsman  of  Crom- 
well, 17,  19. 

Cardinal's  College,  see  under  Ox- 
ford. 

Carew,  mention  of  a  letter  dated 
at,  141. 

Carew,  Francis,  96. 

Carew,  Lady,  96. 

Carlingford,  in  the  county  of 
Louth,  Ireland,  204,  211. 

Carlisle,  347. 

Carlow  Castle  ('  Caterlaugh'),220, 
225. 

Carnaby,  Sir  Reynold,  227. 

Came,  Sir  Edward  ('  Kerne  \ 
Ambassador,  299,  291  (182), 
295  (187),  301. 

Carpenter,  Richard,  342  (258). 

Carpentras,  in  Provence,  an. 

Carthusian  monks,  execution  of, 
116,  118,  121. 


INDEX 


Casale,  Sir  Gregory  da,  letters  to, 
100-1,  122. 

Castellcurr,  in  the  county  of  Tip- 
perary,  22O. 

Castelnau,  Antoine  de,  Bishop 
of  Tarbes,  French  envoy  to 
England,  244  (123-4). 

Castillon,  Louis  de  Perreau,  Sieur 
de,  French  Ambassador  to  Eng- 
land, 208-9,  235-6,  251-2,  290, 
244  (124),  258,  271,  288,  291 
(181),  293;  letter  to,  56. 

Castledermot('Thistleldormont'), 
in  the  county  of  Kildare,  220. 

'Castro  Novo/or  Castelnovo,  309. 

'  Caterlaugh,'  see  Carlow. 

Catholicism,  Catholick  Faith,  the 
Old  Faith,  88,  92,  104,  182-3, 
254,  267,  301,  303,  305-6. 

Catholic  League,  245. 

Cavendish  family,  307. 

Cavendish,  George,  13,  64-5,  67, 

69,  73-4,  3°5- 

Cavendish,  Richard,  110,  177. 

Cavendish,  William,  letter  to  Dr. 
Legh  and  him,  278. 

Chabot,  Philip,  Sieur  de  Brion, 
see  Brion. 

Chalcott,  Walter,  Sergeant-at- 
arms,  235. 

Chalke,  the  farm  of,  Wilts.,  115. 

Chamberlain,  the  Lord,see  Sandes. 

Chambers,  Geoffrey,  10,  24,  174. 

Champneys,  Henry,  318. 

Chancery,  Court  of,  114. 

Channel,  the  English,  141,  178—9. 

Chanseler,  Margaret,  117. 

Chantilly,  309  (218). 

Chapuys,  Eustace,  Imperial  Am- 
bassador in  England,  3,  7-12, 
75-6,  84,  86,  91-2,  94-5,  98, 
115,  120,  129,  135,  137,  144, 
M9-5I,  155,  167  ».,  172,  186, 
188,  216-7,  219,  222-5,  228- 
33  ».,  251,  295  ».,  131,  145,  149 
(16),  193,  213,  229,  265,  291, 
296-8,  301  (208);  letters  to, 
117,  121,  158  ;  passage  from  his 
letter  to  Granvelle,  5,  17. 


Charles  V,  Kingof  Spain,  Emperor, 
28,  31,  33-5,  39,  42,  77,  79-81, 

93-4, 135,  MO,  MS,  150-1, 161, 
205,  210-1,  2i4*-7,  219,  221, 
223-38,  240,  242-3,  245-50, 
252-4,  256-7,  259-61,  266-7, 
269-70,  273,  285,  290, 300,  306, 
18  (333),  10,  21  (339),  30, 
45,  56,  64-5,  117.  121,  136. 
145.  149,  158,  188  (58),  189. 
222-4,  226,  229,  234.  238. 
243  (iii),  244  (123-5),  261, 
265,  276,  281,  285-6  (170), 
288-9,  291  (180-1).  293-5 
(188-9),  296-7,  299-30O 
(205),  301,  305-6,  309  (217- 
8),  310  (221),  338,  34O,  343, 
345, 349  (2  70);  attitude  towards 
England  changed  by  the  death  of 
Katherine,  229-33;  at  war  with 
France,  233-4;  at  Paris  with 
Francis  I,  281-4;  death  of  his 
second  son,  18  (333). 

Charles  the  Bold,  Duke  of  Bur- 
gundy (died  1477),  245- 

Charles,  Duke  of  Orleans  (1536), 
youngest  son  of  Francis  I,  see 
AngoulSme. 

Charterhouse  ('  Charthuse  '),  the 
Proctor  of  the,  see  Wayte,  Wil- 
liam. 

Charterhouse  Henton,  see  Hinton 
Charterhouse. 

Chauffer,  Richard,  alderman  of 
Calais,  15. 

Chekyng,  John,  53,  54. 

Chelsea,  letters  dated  from,  76. 
265,  267-9. 

Cheshunt,  Herts,  14. 

Chester  or  Westchester,  143.  321  ; 
Bishop  of,  set  Lee,  Rowland. 

Chester,  County  Palatine  of,  29  //., 
22. 

Chesterfield,  Derbyshire,  the  Bailiff 
of,  76. 

Cheyney,  Sir  Thomas,  293. 

Chichester,  Diocese  of,  117. 

Chievres,WilliamdeCroy,Lord,42. 

Christian  II,  the   deposed   King 


INDKX 


of  Denmark,  broihcr-in-law  of 
Charles  V,  295  (188). 

t'hri>tian  III.  Duke  of  Holstein, 
King  of  Denmark,  221-2,  258, 
279.  287,  110,  296  (188),  296. 

Clarencieux  king-at-arms,  set 
Ha\\ley,  Thomas. 

Claymond.  John,  President  of 
Corpus  Chrisli  College,  Oxford, 
letter  to  him  and  Dr.  John  Lon- 
don. 104. 

Clement  VII,  Pope,  79,  92,  113, 
122,  129,  134,  215-9,  224,306, 
9,  18.  30,  66,  113,  238;  the 
captive  of  the  Emperor,  80  ;  his 
death,  223. 

Clere,  Alice,  daughter  of  Sir  Wil- 
liam Boleyn,  second  wife  of  Sir 
Robert  Clere  ('  jour  susfcr '),  5. 

Clere,  Sir  Robert,  5. 

Clere,  William,  son  of  Sir  Robert,  5. 

Clergy,  the,  64,  91,  98-9,  102, 
105,  134-5.  1 66,  305,  236,  275  ; 
position  of,  in  1530,  &c.,  93-7; 
'  Boke  ayenst,'  104-1,  125; 
Injunctions  to,  in  1 536  and  1538, 
141-2. 169,  266.  273.  275  ;  see 
also  Ordinaries. 

Clerk,  Sir  John,  letter  to  him  and 
others.  162. 

Cleves,  Duchy  of,  245,  247,  259. 
26i.297;  alliance  with,  248—50, 
256,  259,  268,  271,  285,  290-2. 
300  (206) ;  Amelia  of.  youngest 
daughter  of  Duke  John,  262 ; 
John,  Duke  of,  244-5 ;  Sibylla 
of,  eldest  daughter  of  John. 
Duke  of,  246-7,  297  (194); 
William,  Duke  of,  244-7,  250, 
259-61,  266,  285.  291-2,  299, 
287.  295.  297.  299-3OO  (206). 
310(22i).  323-4.338,346.350 
(275);  letter  to  him  from  his 
Bister  Anne,  298 ;  set  also  undtr 
Anne. 

Claybrock.  William,  letter  to,  11. 

Clon,  ste  Clun. 

Clonmcll.  parsonage  of,  in  the 
county  of  Tipperary,  Ireland,  214. 


Clun.  Shropshire,  parsonage  *of, 

184 
Cobham.  Anne.  Lady,  daughter  of 

Edmund.  Lord  Brave.  79. 
Cobham.  George  Brooke.  Lord, 

letters  to.  79,  251. 
Cognac.  League  of,  80. 
Coin,  37-8,  123, 135-6. 107.270. 
Coke,  see  Cooke. 
Colchester,  Essex,  Abbey  of  St. 

John,  278. 
Colcokc.  Elizabeth,  widow  (1533), 

68. 

'  Coley,  Old,'  see  Cowley,  Robert. 
Collyns,  Thomas,  Prior  of  Tre- 

wardreth.  Cornwall,  letter  to.  103. 
Cologne,  19,  309-10  (221). 
Colsell.  Friar  John,  112. 
Colwyche  Priory,  see  Calwich. 
Comin,     Nicholas,     Bishop     of 

Waterford,  214. 
Commandments,  the  Ten,  in 

English,  159  (26).  273. 
Commons,  House  of,  see  Parlia- 
ment 

Compton,  John,  of  Yeovil,  Somer- 
setshire, 336. 
Compton  (*  Conton'),  Sir  William, 

18. 
Constable,  Sir  John,   Sheriff  of 

Yorkshire,  letter  to,  69. 
Constable,   Sir    Robert.   188-9. 

227  ;  hanged  at  Hull,  193. 
Contarini,  Caspar,  Cardinal.  211. 
'  Contestabile.       II,'  =  Thomas 

Cromwell,  20—3. 
Convocation,  93-5,  97.  113.  131, 

133.  '44.  298,  305,  68  (379), 

159  (28-9). 

Conyers,  Christopher,  Lord,  8. 
Cook    alias    Farringdon,   Hugh, 

Abbot    of    Reading,    87,    175, 

248  (129.  131). 
Cooke,  John.  61. 
Cooper,  Nicholas,  Vicar  of  Che»- 

hunt,  14. 
Coote«,  see  Cotes. 
Copingar,    William,    Sheriff    of 

London,  126  n. 


INDEX 


827 


Corn, illegal  export  of,  123  ».,  125. 
262. 

Cornelius,  a  Friar  Observant,  52. 

Cornelys,  see  Hayes,  Cornelius. 

Cornewallys,  Sir  John,  297. 

Cornibus,  Peter  de,  D.D.,  a  Fran- 
ciscan friar,  at  Paris,  288  (177). 

Cornforth, William,  a  murderer,??. 

Cornwall,  142,  208,  237. 

Cornwallis  (' Cornwales '),  , 

157. 

'  Cortigiano,'  the,  86. 

Cotes  or  Cootes,  George,  Master 
of  Balliol  College,  143  n.,  325-6. 

Council,  Proposed  General,  206, 
216,  218,  227,  234,  239,  18 
(333),  137,  149,  218  (89),  222. 
234,  244(124),  261. 

Council  of  the  North,  see  England. 

Coursers,  the  King's,  26. 

Courtenay,  see  Exeter,  Henry, 
Marquis  of. 

Cousin.  Jean,  281. 

Coventry  and  Lichfield,  Bishop 
of,  see  Lee,  Rowland ;  Bishopric 
of,  22. 

Coverdale,  Miles,  52,  131-2. 

Cowley,  Robert  ('Old  Coley '), 
clerk  to  the  Crown  of  Chancery 
in  Ireland,  198. 

Cowley,  Walter,  214. 

Cowplaunde,  William,  12  [?],  63. 

Coxford,  Prior  of,  see  Adamson. 

Cramp-rings,  146,  185. 

Cranach.  Lucas,  the  Elector  of 
Saxony's  painter,  299. 

Crane,  Mr.,  letter  to,  142. 

Cranmer,  Thomas,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  i,  113,  119,  121, 
132,  161-3,  182,  186,  263,  29.-. 
52,  106.  250,  307,  349-60; 
his  book  against  the  Six  Articles, 
25,  255  n. ;  letters  to, 66,  71,  275. 

Cratzer,  Nicolas,  astronomer,  288. 

Crede,  John,  120. 

Creed,  the,  in  English,  273. 

Creke,  John,  27  ;  letter  to,  1. 

4  Cremonello,  Tomaso,'  =  Crom- 
well, Thomas,  20,  22. 


'  Cremuel,  Maistre,'  =  Cromwell, 
Thomas,  17,  18. 

Cr£py,  the  Peace  of,  214. 

Creutziger,  Caspar,  807. 

Croke,  John,  58  ».,  60  ».,  63  n.,  6. 

Cromwell,  Anne,  54.  58-9  ».,  63  n. 

Cromwell,  Elizabeth  (Thomas 
Cromwell's  wife),  12,  53,  55; 
letter  to,  2. 

Cromwell,  Elizabeth  (Thomas 
Cromwell's  sister),  see  Welly- 
fed,  Elizabeth. 

Cromwell,Grace,54, 59-6o».,63». 

Cromwell,  Gregory,  son  of 
Thomas  Cromwell  (died  1557), 
5.  12,  53-4,  56-61,  63,  145, 
262,  301,  35O  (274). 

Cromwell,  Henry,  Baron  Crom- 
well, 301  n. 

Cromwell,  John,  2,  3,  13,  17/1. 

Cromwell,  Katherine  (Thomas 
Cromwell's  sister),  see  Williams, 
Katherine. 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  55,  168  n. 

Cromwell,  Ralph,  3. 

Cromwell,  Sir  Richard,  originally 
Richard  Williams,  54-5,  59,  61, 
168  ;/.,  186-7.  256,  296. 

Cromwell,  Robert,  Vicar  of  Batter- 
sea,  13. 

Cromwell,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Essex, 
traditional  accounts  of  his  early 
life,  5,  17-26;  theories  of  Mr. 
John  Phillips  about  him,  6-8  ; 
probably  not  identical  with 
Thomas  Smyth,  8 ;  probable 
date  of  his  birth,  9;  stories  of 
his  Italian  adventures,  10;  ex- 
periences in  the  Low  Countries 
and  return  to  England,  1 1-2  ; 
his  marriage  and  family,  11-2, 
52-63,  145,  301,  2,  10,  46; 
his  steward  and  his  steward's 
wife,  299 ;  early  occupations, 
and  origin  of  his  connexion  with 
Wolsey,  10-6;  his  early  friends 
and  acquaintances,  14-6,  51-2, 
56-63,  73,  1,  4,  12,  20;  his 
opinion  of  the  Parliament  of 


INDEX 


'5*3.  27-  1;  his  speech  there, 
30-44;  summary  view  of  his 
foreign  policy  as  expressed 
therein,  44-6;  employed  by 
Wolsey  to  suppress  the  smaller 
monasteries,  and  to  superintend 
the  buildings  at  Oxford  and 
Ipswich,  48-51,  6-9;  his  will. 
54-63 ;  his  treatment  of  Wolsc-y 
at  the  time  of  the  latter's  dis- 
grace, 65,  70-5,  11,  18-9; 
election  to  the  Parliament  of 
1529,  and  his  policy  there,  67- 
70;  introduction  to  the  King, 
25-6.  75"6 i  92  ;  to  what  extent 
was  he  the  originator  of  Eng- 
land's policy  from  1530  to  his 
fall?  89-92,  1 1 2-3,  147-8, 
156-7,  1 60,  213-5;  his  policy, 
internal  and  foreign,  contrasted 
with  Wolsey's,  81,  103,  197-8, 
214-5,  231 ;  attacks  the  clergy 
and  bishops  with  Henry,  93-7, 
104-1,  114-6;  his  relation  to 
the  Reformation  in  England,  88, 
97.  i3<>-3»  265-6,  286,  301, 
306,  309 ;  his  dealings  with 
Tyndale,  99-102,  21;  minor 
internal  reforms,  and  early  ser- 
vices to  Henry  VIII,  102-3, 
141-2,  22-5,  29-32.  35-6,  39- 
45,  59,  62,  69,  76,  88,  111. 
144,  172,  344,  347  ;  dominant 
note  of  his  internal  policy,  112- 
3,  164  ;  measures  to  destroy 
the  papal  authority  in  England, 
and  to  defend  the  Royal  Supre- 
macy in  Church  and  State,  98- 
102,  113-25,  129-35,  165-6, 
100-1,  107,  113,  122,  179,  194, 
197  ;  his  spy-system,  and  treat- 
ment of  heretics,  traitors  and 
minor  criminals,  98-9,  116-8, 
62,  64,  65,  76-7,  81,  88,  91, 
96.  102-3,  106.  108.  112.  119, 
138,  141,  143,  162,  168,  170, 
191,  194.  203.  228,  231,  236, 
246,  251-2,  262,  267,  270, 
272.  274,  279,  297-8.  318, 


327.  329.  337.  342.  344 ;  treat- 
ment of  More  and  Fisher,  118- 
22,  68,  71;  his  interference  in 
parliamentary  elections.   125-9, 
253-  308,148,  298.  303;  legal 
and  financial  measures,  133-8, 

1 66,  179;  economic  and  com- 
mercial   policy,    dealinps    with 
pirates,    138-41,    67,    74.    82. 
85,    90,    107,    125,    158,    190, 
213,    262.    271.    316-7.    319, 

328,  361 ;  zeal  for  the  advance- 
ment of  learning,  and  relations 
with    Oxford    and    Cambridge, 
142-3,  92,  104,  106,  116.  124, 
129,  186,  2O6,  326-6;  efforts 
to  avoid  gratuitous  innovations, 
115,  128,  197-8;   his  dealings 
with  Ireland,  147-8,  154-5. 179, 
196.   198-205.   2O7-8.   211-2, 
214-6.     220-1.     225.     232-3. 
321;    management    of    Wales, 
155-6,    282;    attitude   towards 
Scotland,    34,   43,   46,    156-7, 
159-60,  38, 185,  330  ;  dealings 
with   Calais,   and    Lord    Lisle, 
160-4,  *4>  65.  60,  84.  86,  99, 

167,  192,    194-5.     209.    254. 
260,  263,  268-9.  292,  312-5, 
322,  331,   333;    commissioned 
to   visit   the   monasteries.    166; 
destruction  of  relics  and  images, 
174-5;  dealings  with  the  minor 
clergy  and  monks,  165-71,  26, 
30,  36,  37,  39.  52.  54.  59.  61, 
65.  68.  71.  73.  76.  78.  94. 103, 
109,  112,  114-5,  132.  134.  138. 
141,  154.  169.  161,  163-4.  176. 
180.  191.  194,  197,  236.  248- 
9,  259,   264.  266.    273.    276, 
278.  311.  329,  337 ;  immediate 
and  ultimate  results  of  his  sup- 
pression   of    the    monasteries, 
178-9,  307;   discontent  at  iiis 
measures  and  popular  hatred  of, 
50-1,  91,  98-9,  116-7,  126-7, 
135,  141,  149-50.  153-   '  55-6. 
172-3,  180-5,   189,   195;    ap- 
parent inactivity  during  the  I'il- 


INDEX 


829 


grimage  of  Grace.  187  ;  tells  the 
English  ambassadors  on  the 
Continent  of  the  suppression  of 
the  revolt,  193,  174,  189,  193; 
his  plans  for  the  reorganization 
of  the  North,  197-200,  188, 
219,  227,  284;  personal  rela- 
tions with  his  rivals,  Norfolk 
and  Gardiner,  67-9,  82-4,  129, 
150-1, 187,  190-1,  195-6,  198- 
200,  284-8,  9,  23,  28,  70,  153. 
156,  226,  255  ;  dealings  with 
Cardinal  Pole,  86-7,  204-7, 
210-1,  133,  187,  216-8;  at- 
tacks on  the  Courtenays  and 
the  Poles,  207-10,  281,  307  ; 
interviews  with  Chapuys,  and 
treatment  of  Katherine  and 
Mary,  216-7.  223,  228-31, 
117,  121,  15O ;  relations  with 
the  Lutherans.  219,  226,  239- 
40,  256-9,  264-6,  64,  66,  110, 
113,  177-8,  3OO,  31O;  ap- 
proaches the  Italian  princes, 
243,  286 ;  his  leaning  towards 
an  imperial  alliance,  231,  236; 
difference  between  his  foreign 
policy  and  that  of  the  King, 
231-2,  237-8,  240,  248,  270-1 ; 
quarrels  with  Henry,  101,  153, 
232,  236 ;  relations  with  the 
Duke  of  Cleves,  244,  247-50, 
261-2,  287,  295,  299,  323-4; 
attitude  on  the  attempted  Ba- 
varian alliance,  268,  270-1; 
prepares  the  realm  for  defence, 
251-2,  288,  298;  alternate 
hope  and  fear  before  his  arrest,- 
288-92 ;  his  arrest,  292-3 ; 
false  charges  on  which  he  was 
attainted,  293-6,  348  ;  gives  in- 
formation about  the  Cleves  mar- 
riage, 297-9,  349-50;  prayer 
and  speech  on  the  scaffold,  301- 
4 ;  execution,  302 ;  his  character, 
27,  85-8;  his  personal  appear- 
ance, 84;  his  closeness  and 
rapacity,  50,  53-4,  152-3,  168, 
*74-5'  !68, 180;  his  legal  busi- 


ness, and  intimate  knowledge 
of  the  law,  11-5,  47,  49.  52, 
73-4,  102-3,  122-4,  137,  3,  7. 
107 ;  his  wealth,  rapid  rise,  and 
power,  15-6,  47,  51,  54-63, 
85-6,  128-9,  M4-6,  27,  37. 
47,  49  ;  his  titles  and  prefer- 
ments, 143,  290,  and  ii.  283-4  ; 
his  patronage.  47,  51,  71-2. 
145-6,  17,  19.  33-4.  46,  50-1. 
61,  70,  72,  78-9.  95.  115.  16O. 
184,  237,  256,  29O,  346 ;  his 
'remembrances,'  102-3;  his 
itinerary,  ii.  279-82. 

Cromwell,  Thomas,  fourth  Baron 
Cromwell,  Earl  Ardglass,  301  n. 

Cromwell  alias  Smyth,  Walter,  i- 
5,  8-9,  13. 

Cromwell,  William.  2. 

Cronica  Cronicarum,  85. 

Crowle,  Worcestershire,  117;  the 
vicar  of,  see  Pratt,  James. 

Crowther,  Thomas,  184. 

Cumberland,  county  of,  2p«.,  196, 
198,  188. 

Cumberland,  Henry  Clifford, 
Earl  of,  200 ;  letter  to,  105. 

Curates,  see  Clergy. 

Curson, ,  22.  43. 

Curwen,  Richard,  King's  chap- 
lain, 98. 

Customs,  officers  of  the,  letter  to, 
62. 

Dacre,  William,  Lord,  Warden  of 
the  West  Marches,  letters  from 
him  to  the  King  received  out  of 
the  North.  52. 

Damplip,  Adam,  a  preacher  at 
Calais,  'the  precher,'  162-3, 
268,  312,  314. 

Dampont,  Monsieur  de,  see  Am- 
pont,  le  Sieur  d'. 

Danyell,  Joan,  117. 

Darcy.Thomas,  Lord,  of  Temple- 
hurst,  188-9,  i9f-2,  195.  188- 
9,  227 ;  executed  on  Tower 
Hill,  193. 

Davis,  Richard,  335. 


INDIA 


Dawes,  Edward,  a  clerk  for  the 
works  at  Dover.  172. 

Deaken.  Richard,  friar  of  North- 
ampton, 311. 

Deeps  ('  dyppes ').  the,  in  Ireland, 
214. 

Delaware,  Thomas  West.   Lord, 

20*. 

Delingcourt,  Thomas,  a  smith  of 

Calais,  272. 
Denmark,     220-1,     66.    177-8. 

205  ( 1 88) ;  King  of,  see  Christian. 
Deny.  Anthony,  177. 
Denys,  Sir  Thomas,  122. 
Deptford,  Kent,  50. 
Derby,  Edward  Stanley,  Earl  of, 

167. 
Deriknockane      Castle,      beside 

Limerick,  215. 

Derknall,  Robert,  126-8.  148. 
Deny,  Bishop  of,  see  O'Donnel. 
Desmond  family,  149. 
Desmond,  James  Fitzjohn   Fitz- 
gerald, '  pretended '  Earl  of.  203. 

232,  298  ;    letter  to  the  Kin-. 

20O  ;  his  father  and  grandfather, 

200. 

Devonshire.  142. 
Deythyke,  John,  priest,  148. 
Dieppe,  governors  of  the  town  of, 

7 ;   merchants  of,  297 ;  Jehan 

Ango,  Viscount  of,  271. 
Dingley,  Dr.  Roger,  letter  to,  210. 
Dingley('Digneley'),  Sir  Thomas. 

222.  224,  229. 
Dispensations,  134. 
Divorce,     the    (Henry's     '  grete 

matter,'  the  King's  '  great  cause 

of  Matrymony').  77,  81-4,  89. 

91-4,  98,  103,  113,  130,  176. 

180,  202-3.  214-5,  217-8,  223. 

227.  298,  306.  65.  66, 100,  1O1: 

a  book  against,  1 76, 800(205). 
Dobson.  William,  a  murderer.  77. 
Doby,  David,  6-7. 
Dodneshe  Priory,  Suffolk,  7. 
Doncaster,  Yorkshire,  190,  192. 

176. 
Donington.  manor  of,  near  New- 


bury,  Berkshire,  111 ;  an  alms- 
man of  the  hospital  there,  see 
Box  worth. 

Doraunt.  John,  of  Kctismer. 
escheator  in  the  counties  of 
Northampton  and  Rutland,  let- 
ter to,  230. 

Doria,  Andrea.  309. 

Dorset,  Cecily,  Marchioness  of, 
1 5 ;  letter  to,  4. 

Dorset,  Thomas  Grey,  Marquis  of, 

14-5.  54.  59  »-.  *• 
Douglas.    Margaret,   the    King's 

niece,  145. 
Dover.  144.  155.  160.  272.  343. 

349-60;  letter  dated  from.  156 ; 

letter  to  the  Mayor,  Bailiffs.  &c. 

of,  183 ;  Master  of  the  Maison 

Dieu  at,  see  Thompson.  John; 

Priory  of  St  Rhadegund  in,  i  ; 

Priory  of  St.  Mary  and  St.  Martin 

at,  169. 

Drogheda  ('  Drodagh  *),  1 5 1 .  200. 
'  Dromme,'  the,  of  Calais,  209. 
Drury,  Sir  Robert,  117. 
Dublin,  148,  150-1,  214;  letter 

addressed  to.  179 ;  Archbishop 

of,  see  Allen  and  Browne. 
'  Duczlant,'  see  Germany. 
Dudley.  Edmond.  126  n. 
Dudley,  Edward,  321. 
Dudley,  Sir  John,  234,  224.  244 

(125). 

Dudley,  Prior  of.  see  Webley. 
Dunham,  Sir  John,  69. 
Dunkirk,  meeting  of  English  and 

Imperial  ambassadors  at,  29. 
Dunstable,     Bedfordshire,     113; 

letter  dated  from,  2O2. 
Durham  ('  Duresme '),  Bishop  of, 

see  Tunstal!. 
Durham,  county  and  bishopric  of, 

29  ».,  198,  77. 
Durham,  mint  in,  51  ;   Wolsey's 

'  Fynours  '  or  refiners  of,  8.     Z. 
Dune,  Andrew,  Abbot  of  Melrose, 

297. 
Dutton,     Sir     Piers,    Sheriff    of 

Cheshire,  letter  to,  143. 


INDEX 


331 


•  Dyppes,'  see  Deeps. 

Earl  Marshal,  office  of,  granted  to 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk  (1533),  42. 

Eastbourne,  Sussex,  117. 

Easthampstead,  Berkshire,  letter 
dated  from,  195. 

East  Sheen,  see  Sheen. 

Edward  III,  King  of  England,  77. 

Edward  IV,  King  of  England,  209. 

Edward,  Prince,  afterwards  Ed- 
ward VI,  303,  226,  238,  281, 
288,  348 ;  announcement  of  his 
birth,  223-4. 

Edward,  Davys,  monk  of  Yawdy 
Abbey,  Lincolnshire,  54. 

Egyptians,  see  Gipsies. 

Elizabeth,  Princess,  afterwards 
Queen,  114,  225,  233/7.,  153 
(21),  238,  281. 

Ellerker,  Sir  Ralph,  192;  letter 
to,  27. 

Elston  or  Elstowe ,  Warden 

of  the  Friars  Minors  at  Green- 
wich, 98. 

Elsyn  alias  Palmer,  Richard,  Prior 
of  Spalding,  176. 

Eltham,  Kent,  letters  dated  from, 
37, 135. 

Ely,  Bishop  of,  see  West. 

Elya,  John,  Abbot  of  Bruton, 
Somerset,  35. 

Elyot,  George,  mercer,  1 1 . 

Elyot,  Sir  Thomas,  101. 

Empson,  Thomas,  1 1 . 

England,  10,  12-3,  16,  20,  25, 
28,  45-6,  75,  80,  82,  87,  92-3, 
99-101,  103,  122,  147-9.  !53»' 
156-60, 162-4, 1 66, 178-9, 182, 
190,196, 198,202-4,206-7,210, 
242-3,  248,  250-2.  257-61, 
264,  266-7,  270-1,  281,  2^4-5, 
287,  291,  299,  306,  308,  21 
(336),  90,  113  (419),  17*  (4i), 
218  (00),  286  (172),  287,  206. 
329,351 ;  condition  of  England 
at  Wolsey's  death,  77-8,  84 ; 
insular  position  of,  77,  214,  229, 
266  ;  changes  in  (1530-40), 


89 ;  domestic  administration  of 
(1532-40), II2  ;  events  in  (April 
to  June,  1 539),  253-5  5  threatened 
expedition  against  (1539),  251, 
256,  270 ;  foreign  affairs  of,  153, 
1 86,  205,213-41;  defences  and 
fortifications  in, 2  5 1 ;  west  marches 
of,  159;  northern  counties,  bor- 
ders and  marches  of,  1 56-9, 182, 
184,  186,  188,  196-200;  re- 
bellion in  the  North  (1536),  see 
Pilgrimage  of  Grace ;  Council  of 
the  North  in,  198-200,  242,219, 
297  ;  letters  to  this  Council,  227, 
284,  see  also  under  Holgate  and 
Tunstall. 

English  trade,  commerce  and  ship- 
ping, 1 36, 1 38-4 1 ;  ships  arrested 
or  detained,  222,  226,  293-4. 

Erasmus,  Desiderius,  his  transla- 
tion of  the  New  Testament,  23  ; 
his  '  Enchiridion '  [?],  310. 

Esher,  64-5,  69,  72,226. 

Essex,  county  of,  102. 

Essex,  Henry  Bourchier,  Earl  of, 
349,  351. 

Estampes,  Anne  de  Pisseleu,  wife 
of  the  Duke  d',  338. 

Etruria,  two  lawyers  out  of, 
10O-1. 

Evangelical  princes  [of  Germany], 
30O  (204-5). 

Evers,  Sir  Ralph,  the  younger, 
Keeper  of  Scarborough  Castle, 
194;  letter  to,  169. 

Evers,  Sir  William,  200. 

Evesham,  Worcestershire,  270. 

Ewelme,  manor  of,  Oxfordshire, 
111. 

Exeter,  Bishop  of,  see  Voysey; 
Dean  of,  see  Heynes. 

Exeter,  Gertrude,  Marchioness  of, 
daughter  of  William  Blount, 
Lord  Mountjoy,  208-10,  3O7. 

Exeter,  Henry  Courtenay,  Marquis 
of,  208-9,  253,  281,  283. 

Fairfax,  Thomas,  serjeant-at-law, 
227. 


3:v: 


INDEX 


Falicri,  Ludovico,  Venetian  am- 
bassador, 83. 

Farley  Priory,  Wilts.,  167. 

Farnese,  Alexander,  Cardinal, 
340. 

Farnham,  Surrey,  letters  dated 
from,  316-7. 

4  Fassaghe  Bentre,'  j«Bantry  forest. 

Favour. ,  shipmaster  of  New- 
castle, 316. 

Felixstowe  Priory,  9. 

4  Feneux,'  set  Fyneux. 

Ferdinand,  brother  of  Charles  V, 
King  of  the  Romans,  afterwards 
Emperor,  247  ».,  267,  64,  238, 
34O. 

Fennour,  Richard,  merchant  of 
London,  281. 

Ferrall,  William,  117. 

Ferrara,  122  (427). 

Ferrara,  Hercules  d'Este,  Duke 
of,  243,  286  (170,  172-3). 

Fetyplace,  Edward,  Keeper  of 
Donington  Hospital,  Berkshire, 
111. 

First  Fruits  of  Benefices,  no,  133. 

Fisher,  John,  Bishop  of  Rochester 
('the  Cardinall  of  S*.  Vitale'), 
118—22,  142,  162,  166,  227, 
71,  113(417),  122,  300(205); 
letter  to,  68 ;  mention  of  a  letter 
received  from  him,  68 ;  his 
brother,  68. 

Fitzgerald  family,  147. 

Fitzgerald,  Gerald,  ninth  Earl  of 
Kildare,  147-51. 

Fitzgerald,  Gerald,  younger  son 
of  Gerald,  ninth  Earl  of  Kil- 
dare, 153-4,  203,  207  (193). 

Fitzgerald,  Lord  Thomas,  eldest 
son  of  Gerald,  ninth  Earl  of 
Kildare,  149,  170  (47-8). 

Fitzherbert,  Mr.,  43. 

Fitzherbert,  Sir  Anthony,  107, 
228 ;  letter  to  him  and  Walter 
Luke,  Esq.,  40. 

Fitz-James,  Sir  John,  Lord  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench, 
123-4,  107;  letter  to,  36. 


Fitz-James,  Nicholas,  letter  to  him 
and  four  others,  342. 

Fitzmaurice,  James  ('the  young 
man').  200. 203.  232 ;  his  father 
and  grandfather,  2OO. 

Fitz-William,  William,  Sheriff  of 
London,  1 26  n. 

Flanders,  10,  17,  140.  189,  233, 
256,  274,  66,  177.  187.  216-7. 
276,  281  (161,  163),  287-8, 
204-6,  208  (196,  198),  3O4. 
3O7-0.  338  (252),  348  ;  see  also 
Netherlands. 

Flemyng,  John,  of  Crofton,  York- 
shire, 3. 

Flintshire,  277. 

Florence  ('Firenze'),  10,19-23.26. 

Florentines,  18  (333). 

Folkestone  Prior}*,  169. 

Kontainebleau,  103. 

Forest,  Mr.,  68. 

Forests  on  this  side  Trent,  Justice- 
ship of  the  King's,  granted  to 
the  Duke  of  Suffolk  for  life 

(1533),  42. 

Fountains,  Abbot  of,  see  Thir>ke. 

Fowey,  town  of,  Cornwall,  103. 

Fowler,  Robert,  66. 

1  Fowlkers/  or  Fuggers,  3O8. 

Foxe,  Edward,  Bishop  of  Here- 
ford, English  Ambassador  to  the 
Lutheran  princes,  227,  114,  137, 
260,  260. 

Foxe,  John,  5,  7-11,  75,  255, 
300-2  ;  passages  from  his  Eccle- 
siastical History,  23-6,  303-4. 

Fox  ley, ,  check  clerk  for  the 

works  at  Dover,  172. 

France,  13,  20,  28-31,  34,  37, 
39-41,  43-6,  79-82,  84,  158, 
160,  162-3,  205,  211,  214-5. 
217,  219,  222-7,  23!,  233-8, 
241-2,  248-9,  251-3,  255-6, 
260-1,  264,  269-71,  274.  2- 

290,  295  ».,  299,  113  (416,  : 
183,    287-8,    203,    207.    306, 
300  (218),  316,  331,  338.  351 ; 
Royal  Inquisition  in,  132-3. 
Francis  I,  King  of  France,  9  «.,  28, 


INDEX 


3'.  34,  S^-T.  41-3,  77-81, 158- 
61,  205,  210-11,  214-9,  223-6, 
229-31,  233-8,  242,  248,  252-4, 
257,  260-1,  266,  269-70,  281-5, 
290,  292,  299,  300,  24,  27,  56, 
98, 113  (416-20),  126-7, 136-7, 
139,  146,  149,  151,  153  (21), 
170,  174  (41),  189,  193,  222. 
226,  229  (104),  238,  244  (123- 
5),  288,  291  (181),  293,  300 
(205),  306  (212),  309,  316-7, 
328,  338,  340,  349  (270),  351 ; 
tries  to  mediate  for  Henry  with 
the  Pope,  218;  sends  envoys  to 
England  in  1534  and  1535, 
223-6;  at  war  with  Charles  V, 
233-4  ;  reconciliation  with 
the  Emperor,  237 ;  entertains 
Charles  V  at  Paris,  281-4 ;  forti- 
fies Ardres,  290;  joy  at  Crom- 
well's arrest,  299-300. 

Francis,  Dauphin  of  France,  eldest 
son  of  Francis  I  (died  i536),224. 

Francis  ('  Fraunces,' '  Francisco '), 
a  courier,  182,  187,  238,  250, 
261,  235,  289. 

Frankfort,  256-7,  261,  272,  274, 
299,  300  (202,  205),  307, 309- 
10  (219,  221). 

Frederic  the  Wise,  see  Saxon}-, 
Frederic  III,  Elector  of. 

Frederick  I,  King  of  Denmark 
(died  1533),  220. 

Freigne,  Piers,  214. 

French  hoods,  the  fashion  for 
ladies  in  England  (1540),  263  n. 

Frescobaldi,  Francesco,  9,  19-23. 

Friars,  98,  116,  176-7,  305,52, 
112,  216,  268,  297,  311;  two 
strange  friars  of  the  Order  of 
Observants,  65. 

Frith,  John,  21  (338). 

Fuggers,  see  '  Fowlkers.' 

Fulke,  Richard,  117. 

Furber,  William,  clerk,  335. 

Furness  Abbey,  Lancashire,  173; 
Abbot  of,  see  Pyle. 

Furstemburg,  Count  William  a, 
299. 


Fynchingbroke,  monastery  of,  48. 

Fyndern, ,  22,  43. 

Fyneux,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Sir 

John,  Lord  Chief  Justice,  5. 
Fyneux    or  'Feneux,'   Sir  John, 

Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's 

Bench,  5. 

Gage,  Sir  John,  67-8,  117, 142. 

Gardiner,  Stephen,  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  68, 83, 1 23-4 «.,  1 29, 
193,  2<>5.  226,  230,  234,  240, 
285-91,  294,  250,  280,  351; 
letter  to  the  Lord  Protector 
Somerset,  1 23  ».;  letters  to,  9, 23, 
28,  70,  126,  128,  130-1,  185, 
139,  145-7,  153,  156,  173,  182, 
240,  255  ;  letters  to  him  and 
Sir  John  Wallop,  127,  136-7, 
149,  151,  170,  174;  letter  to 
him  and  Sir  Francis  Brian,  187  ; 
letter  to  him  and  Lord  William 
Howard,  226 ;  letter  to  him,  Sir 
Francis  Brian  and  Mr.  Thirleby, 
258 ;  his  oration,  '  De  vera 
obedientia,'  126,  217. 

Garigliano,  battle  on  the,  9,  10, 
20. 

Garneys  ('  Garnysshe'),  Sir  Chris- 
topher, Knight-Porter  of  Calais, 
60. 

Garret  or  Garrarde,  Thomas, 
Rector  of  All  Hallows,  Honey 
Lane,  London,  300. 

Garsington,  Oxfordshire,  32. 

Garter,  the  Order  of  the,  157,  293, 
286(171). 

Gascoigne,  Sir  William,  48. 

Gascony,  41. 

'  Geanes,'  '  Genes,'  or  Genoa,  34, 
305. 

Gelderland,  Duchy  of  ('  Gheldres '), 
245-7,  261,  273,  285,  291-2, 
297,  338. 

Gelderland,  Charles,  Duke  of, 
245-6. 

German  Reformers,  131,294;  see 
a/so  Lutherans  and  Lutheran 
doctrines. 


INDEX 


Germany,  Germans,  German 
alliance,  Ac.  ('  thuczenlant,' 
'  Duczlam '),  81.  139,  162, 
219-20,  220,  222,  227,  238, 
239.  243-4,  248,  253-6,  260-2, 
»..  268-9,  273.  277,  284, 
287,  18  (333).  1».  21  (339),  53, 
64,  66,177  (44),  222.  287,  300, 
305,  300  (217),  810  (220). 

(Jen is.  the  house  of,  see  Jervaulx 
Abbey. 

(ihent  ('Gaunte'),  rebellion  in 
(»539)»  261,284,291,  345. 

Gifford,  George,  letter  to  him  and 
others,  162. 

Gifford,  Nicholas,  68, 19. 

Gilbank,  see  Gylbanke. 

Gilbert,  George,  letter  to  him  and 
four  others.  342. 

Gipsies  ('Gipcyans,' '  egipc.yans '), 
231. 

'  Gipswiche,'  see  Ipswich. 

Glaschare  Castle,  in  the  county  of 
Kilkenny,  220. 

Glastonbury,  Abbot  of,  see  Whit- 
ing. 

Glastonbury  Tor,  176. 

Glegg,  John,  of  Cheshire,  327. 

Glossop,  Nicholas,  of  Wirksworth 
in  Derbyshire,  4. 

Glossop,  Nicholas,  of  the  Gild 
of  Merchant  Tailors,  servant  to 
Archbishop  Warham,  46. 

Gloucestershire  monasteries,  1 66- 

7- 

Godstow,  Abbess  of,  see  Bulkeley. 
Golde,  John,  head  clerk  for  the 

works  at  Dover,  160. 
Golden  Fleece,  Imperial  Order  of 

the,  269. 

Goldwin,  George,  78. 
Golstone,  Henry,  Mayor  of  Salis- 
bury, 248  (129). 
(ionson,  William,  of  London,  48, 

298  (198),  319. 
Gontier,  Palame'des,  Treasurer  of 

Brittany,  French  Ambassador  to 

England,  255,  98. 
Gooding,  Richard,  138. 


Gordon,  Lady,  111. 

(Jostwick,    John,     Treasurer    of 

First    Fruits,    11O,    118,    280 : 

letter  to.  125. 
Gostwick,  Mr.,  Commissioner  in 

North  Wales,  letter  to  him  ami 

Mr.  Stompe,  166. 
Gowgh,  Bishop  Bonner's  servant, 

293  (bis). 

Gowghe,  John,  82. 
Grafton,  Northamptonshire,  letters 

dated  from,  161-2,  206. 
Grafton,  Richard,  printer,  132. 
Grammont,  Gabriel  de,  Bishop  of 

Tarbes,  Cardinal,  216. 
Clranvelle,     Nicholas      Perrenot, 

Sieur  de,  117,  222,  229,  265. 

345 ;   passage  of  a  letter  from 

Chapuys  to,  5,  1 7. 
Gravelines,  251. 
Grave,  William,  8  n. 
Grayme,  Thomas,  334. 
Great  Seal,  the,  29,  64. 
Greenwich,  Kent  ('grunewicz'). 

263,   277,    278,  829,   349-50; 

letter  received   at,    285 ;   letter 

dated  from,  331 ;  friars  of,  98. 
Greenwich,     West,     Kent,      see 

Brockley. 

Gregory,  Elizabeth,  60  «. 
Gregory,    Sir,   see    Botolph,    Sir 

Gregory. 

Grenville,  Sir    Richard.    Knight- 
Marshall  of  Calais,  2O9. 
Grey,  Lord  George,  4. 
Grey,  Lord  Leonard,  Lord  Deputy 

of  Ireland,  151-4, 208. 207.  214, 

215,  232 ;  letter  to  him  and  the 

Council  of  Ireland,  179 :  letter 

to  him,  288. 
Griffith,    Edward,    one    of    the 

Council  in  Ireland,  321. 
Griffith,  Rice  ap,  esquire,  31. 
Griffith  ap  Howell,  James,  30. 
(irimaldo,  Ansaldo,  of  Genoa.  19. 
(iritli,  George,  309. 
Gritti,  Lorenzo,  of  Venice,  309. 
Gucldres,  see  Gelderland. 
Guienne  ('  Gwyen '),  41. 


INDEX 


335 


Guildford,  Surrey,  316,  351; 
letter  dated  from,  315. 

Guise,  Antoinette,  Duchess  of, 
wife  of  Duke  Claude,  243  (i). 

Guise,  Claude,  Duke  of,  242-3 ; 
his  two  daughters,  Mary  and 
Louise,  243. 

Guise,  Louise  of,  younger 
daughter  of  Duke  Claude,  sister- 
in-law  of  the  King  of  Scotland. 

235- 

Guisnes  Castle,  near  Calais,  290. 
Gundelfynger,  Joachim,  a  Niirn- 

berg  merchant,  267. 
*  Gurrea,'  executioner,  302  n. 
Guydot,  Anthony,  181. 
Gylbanke,  William,  74. 

Hacket,  John,  the  King's  agent  in 
Flanders,  66. 

Hailes,  Abbot  of,  see  Sagar. 

Hale,  John,  a  Carthusian,  1 16. 

Hales,  Sir  Christopher,  Attorney- 
General,  25,  75,  1O7. 

Hall,  Edward,  263,  300-2. 

Hallam,  John,  194. 

Hamburg,  222,  258,  295  (188- 
90). 

Hamerton,  Sir  Stephen,  188-0. 

Hammes, ,  pursuivant,  187. 

Hampton  Court,  189  (59,  60) ; 
letter  dated  from,  187,  244. 

Hannaert,  John,  Imperial  Am- 
bassador in  France,  127. 

Hannibal,  27. 

Hanns,  Mr.,  see  Holbein,  Hans. 

Hanseatic  League,  139,  220. 

Hapsburg,  House  of,  79,  245. 

Harding,  John,  parish  priest  of 
Harding  (Overton  subius  Ar- 
•  derne,  Leicestershire),  letter 
to,  154. 

Hare,  Ralph,  93,  313. 

Hargill,  William,  of  Kilmenton, 
Somerset,  342. 

Harley,  John,  184. 

Harlowebery  farm,  in  Essex,  near 
Hunsdon,  Hertfordshire,  37. 

Harman,  Richard,  297. 


'  Harmywe,'  see  Armuyden. 
Harreson,  John,  friar  of  Northamp- 
ton, 311. 
Harrington,  William,  Lord  Mayor 

of  York,  189. 
Harrison  or  Henryson,  Mr.,  277, 

344. 
Harvell,  Edmund,  243,  133,  297 ; 

letter  to,  286. 
Harward,  Anthony,  1 1 7. 
Hastings,    Sir    Brian,    Sheriff  of 

Yorkshire,  284. 
Hatfield  House,  297,  349. 
Haverford  West,  the  Mayor  of, 

letter  to,  31. 
Hawkins,  William,  and  William 

Randall,  Bailiffs  of  Weymoulh, 

letter  to,  48. 
Hawks,  the  King's,  22,  78,  193, 

222. 

Hawkyns,    Dr.    Nicholas,    Arch- 
deacon of  Ely,  Ambassador  with 

the  Emperor.  45. 
Hawlde,  Patrick,  Prior  of  Holy 

Rood  in  Limerick,  199. 
Hawley,     Thomas,     Clarencieux 

king-at-arms,  152. 
Hawt,  Alen,  177. 
Hawte,  Sir  William,  253. 
Haybourne,  Richard  and  William, 

letter  to,  58. 
Hayes,    Cornelius    (' Comely s '), 

goldsmith,  36. 
Haynes,  see  Heynes. 
Heath,  Nicholas,  Chaplain  to  the 

King,   207,    219-20,    226,   66; 

letter  to  him  and  Dr.  Nicholas 

Wilson,  217. 
'  Heiydyng,'  see  Heydon. 
•  Hell,  the  Vicar  of,'  see  Brian,  Sir 

Francis. 

Henly,  Richard,  priest,  274,  279. 
Henry  I,  King  of  England,  126. 
Henry  V,  King  of  England,  77. 
Henry  VII,   King    of  England, 

39,  70-1,77,  112,  126,  137-40, 

164,  262  n.,  67. 
Henry  VIII,  King  of  England, 

summons    the     Parliament    of 


336 


INDEX 


1523,  28-9;  Cromwell's  ideas 
of  his  power  and  importance, 
35-6,  44-6,  112,  164;  his  rela- 
tions with  Parliament,  31, 69,  7.-,, 
1 25-8,  253-4, 1*8,  298 ;  Crom- 
well ingratiates  himself  with. 
25-6,  69-76,  92  ;  his  policy  and 
administration,  77-81,  213-8, 
229-34,  237,  240-1 ;  his  first 
divorce,  see  Divorce;  attitude 
towards  the  Pope,  93-101,  113- 
4.  134-5.  in*.  218,  234-5, 
100-1  113.  122. 149.  218  ;  zeal 
for  orthodoxy,  77,  162-4, 243  »., 
353-4,  293-4.  21,  281,  312,  314: 
his  absolute  power  in  Church 
and  State,  92-8,  112-28,  151-2, 
156,  107 ;  wrings  important 
concessions  from  the  clergy, 
93-7»  "5-6;  attitude  towards 
William  Tyndale,  99-102,  21; 
treatment  of  More  and  Fisher, 
28-9,  115-22,  68,  71, 113,  122  : 
his  financial  position,  28-9, 70-1 , 
78,  133-7,  154,  166;  his  use  of 
the  funds  obtained  in  the  sup- 
pression of  the  religious  houses, 
178-9;  his  treatment  of  the 
northern  insurgents,  188, 190-6, 
174,  189,  193;  personal  popu- 
larity and  loyalty  to,  77,  182, 
189  ;  his  treatment  of  Katherine 
and  Mary,  216,  228-9,  ISO; 
early  endeavours  to  enlist  Pole 
in  favour  of  the  Royal  Supremacy, 
202-4,  133 ;  later  attitude 
towards  Pole  and  his  family. 
205-9, 187,  216-8  ;  matrimonial 
proposals  for,  1 58-9, 234-6, 244, 
249,  242-3.  287  ;  his  treatment 
of  foreign  am  bassadors,  157,122, 
224-6,  231-2,  235-6,  239-40, 
251-3,  256-8,  266,  272-80, 
292,  139 ;  his  relations  with 
Cromwell,  89-92,  101,  128-9, 
M3-4,  153.  213-5,  232,  236- 
41,  248,  251-2,  268,  270-1, 
284-97,  348-50;  his  relations 
with  his  other  ministers  and 


ambassadors,  64,  69-70,  82-4, 
128-9,  l87.  190-1. 195-6,  198- 
200,  284-8,  28.  131,  153.  226, 
239  ;  his  attitude  towards  Scot- 
land and  his  nephew  James, 
157-60,  234-5,  242,  38,  174, 
186,  33O ;  his  dealings  with 
Ireland,  147-54  ;  his  attitude 
towards  the  Emperor,  and  his 
dealings  with  Spain  and  the 
Netherlands,  79-81,  223,  229— 
34,  242-3,  251,  253-4,  260-1. 
280-4,  300,  117,  121.  158. 189. 
222-4,  *  229,  234,  238,  241. 
244.  25O.  261,  265.  276,  285, 
289.  291,  293-4,  296-8.  301, 
305-0.  309.  338,  340.  343; 
his  relations  with  France  and 
Francis  I,  79,  81,  215,  217-8, 
223-6,  233-7,  242-3,  251-4, 
260-1,  280-4,  290,  300,  56,  98, 
113,  126-8,  13O-1.  185-7, 
145-7,  149,  161,  170,  173-4, 
226,  229.  244,  257-8,  288, 
309,  338,  340 ;  his  policy 
towards  the  Lutheran  princes, 
219—20,  226-7,  238-40,  243, 
250,  256-8,  264-6,  270-80,  64, 
66,  110,  113,  177-8,  299-300. 
307,  310 ;  his  dealings  with  the 
Duke  of  Cleves,  244,  247-9, 
259-62,  285,  290-2,  299,  287, 
295.299,309;  his  personal  rela- 
tions with  Anne  of  Cleves,  263, 
285,  291,  296-9,  349-50  ;  his 
Lttbeck  policy,  220-2  ;  his  plan 
for  an  alliance  with  Bavaria, 
266-70;  letters  to,  29-30.  36, 
62.  65,  67,  88,  288.  296-9, 
305.  307-10,  348-50. 

Henry,  Dauphin  of  France  (1536), 
afterwards  Henry  II,  193,  338. 

Henryson,  Mr.,  see  Harrison. 

Henton,  manor  of,  318. 

Herbert,  Francis,  one  of  the 
King's  Council  for  Ireland,  201, 
202. 

Hereford,  Bishop  of,  see  Bonner 
and  Foxe. 


INDEX 


337 


Hereford,  bishopric  of,  114. 

Hermit,  the,  76. 

Heron,  Maister,  letter  to,  25. 

Hesse,  Philip,  Landgrave  of,  243, 
246,  249-50,  256-8,  264,  266, 
272,  274-5,  287,  295  (188-9), 
296.  300.  305,  310  ;  mention  of 
the  King's  letter  to,  64. 

Hethe,  see  Heath. 

I  lexham,  Northumberland,  297. 

Hexham  Priory,  Northumberland, 
185. 

Heydon,  Sir  John  ('  Heiydyng '), 
267 ;  letter  to  him  and  Sir  Roger 
Townsend,  246. 

Heynes,  Dr.  Simon,  Dean  of 
Exeter,  113,  250,  253 ;  letter  to 
Sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  Dr.  Haynes, 
and  Dr.  Bonner,  257 ;  letter  to 
Dr.  Haynes  and  Dr.  Bonner,  265. 

Hieronymo,  an  Italian  of  Sienna, 
307. 

Higden,  John,  Dean  of  Cardinal's 
College,  Oxford,  48,  6,  18 

(330- 

High  Hall,  manor  of,  25. 

Higons,  Margaret,  117. 

Hilperton,  Wiltshire,  846. 

Hilsey,  John,  Bishop  of  Roches- 
ter, 174,  176- 

Hinchinbrooke  Nunnery,  Hunt- 
ingdonshire, 1 68  n. 

Hinton  Charterhouse,  near  Bath, 
Priory  of.  335. 

Hobbes,  Robert,  Abbot  of  Wo- 
burn,  Bedfordshire,  letter  to,  64. 

Hobbys,  John,  Sheriff  of  Canter-, 
bury,  126-7. 

Hoby,  Philip,  Groom  of  the 
Chamber,  235,  276,  281,  285  ; 
letter  to,  243. 

Hogan,  Robert,  the  King's  master 
cook,  33. 

Hoghestein  ('  Hogeston '),  Wer- 
nerus  von,  Chancellor  to  the 
Duke  of  Cleves,  349. 

Holbein,  Hans,  262,  243  (ii). 

Holgate.  Robert,  Bishop  of  Llan- 
daff,  Lord  President  of  the 


Council  of  the  North,  letter  to, 

334. 

Holgill,  William,  8. 
Holinshed,  Ralph,  93,  300-1. 
Hollanders,   Holland,    74,    293, 

309. 
Holmpatrick,  the   farm  of,  near 

Dublin,  198. 

Holstein,  duchy  of,  221,  66. 
Holstein,  Christian,  Duke  of,  see 

Christian  III,  King  of  Denmark. 
Holy   days,    'grete    nombre   of,' 

in;   articles  put  forth  for  the 

abrogation  of  certain  superfluous, 

169  (29). 
Holy     Maid,     the,    see    Barton, 

Elizabeth. 
Honysdon,  37. 
Hoo,  William,  Vicar  of  Eastbourne, 

117. 

Hooknorton,  Oxfordshire,  in. 
Horkisley  Priory,  Essex,  7. 
Horncastle,    Lincolnshire,    184  ; 

the  late  parish  priest  of,  326. 
Horseley,  John,  keeper  of  Barn- 
borough  Castle,  219. 
Horsey,   Sir  John,  letter  to  him 

and  four  others,  342. 
Horton,  Mary,  widow,  335. 
Horton,  Thomas,  336 ;  letter  to, 

341. 

Horwood,  John,  60. 
Horwood,  William,  184. 
Houghton,  John,  116. 
Howard,  Lord  Edmund,  Comp- 
troller at  Calais,  letter  to,  82. 
Howard,    Katherine,    afterwards 

Queen,  291  n. 
Howard,  Thomas,  half-brother  of 

the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  145. 
Howard,  Lord  William,  157,  234, 

162;  letter  to  him  and  Bishop 

Gardiner,  226. 
Howell,   James    Griffith    ap,   see 

Griffith. 
Howell,  John,  Prior  of  the  White 

Friars  of  Northampton,  811. 
Hoy  laden  with  the  King's  timber 

taken  by  Frenchmen,  271. 


33S 


INDEX 


Iluberdyn,  John.  321. 

Hughes,  Dr.  John,  letter  to  him, 

Dr.     Wotton,      and      Stephen 

Yaughan.  311. 

Hull.  Yorkshire,  194,  48.  103. 
Humber,  river,  188. 
Hungary,  18  (333). 
Hungerford.  Walter,  Lord,  letters 

to,   168.    101.    252.   274.    279. 

318.  335,  341. 
I  luntingdon.  Hospital  of  St.  John 

in,  81. 
Huntingdon,    George    Hastings, 

Earl  of,  274,  270. 
Husee    ('Huse'),     John,     Lord 

Lisle's  servant,  155. 
Hussey  or   Husey,   John   Lord, 

185.   '95.  180.  23° ;  executed 

at  Lincoln,  103. 
Hutton,  John,  agent  or  ambassador 

in  Flanders,  216,  243  (ii,  iii). 
Hyde,  James  de  la,  203. 
Hynd,  Thomas,  235. 
Hynde,  John,  62. 


Ichingham,  Sir  Edward,  one  of  his 

daughters,  307. 

Ilderton,  Northumberland,  334. 
Images,  and  image  worship,  171. 

174-5,     150     (28),     263,    273 

(153-4). 

Ingworth,  Richard,  Bishop  of 
Dover,  176-7. 

Injunctions  to  the  clergy,  see 
Clergy. 

Ipswich  ('  Gipswiche  '),  Wolsey's 
College  at,  50-1,  65,  73,  7-0, 
13,  18  (331)- 

Ireland,  29  ».,  291,  207  (193-4), 
208(197),  S2?  ;  subjugation  of, 
M7-54  ;  Parliament  there 
(»536)»  «5> ;  Irish  Church,  152  ; 
letter  to  the  Lord  Deputy  and 
Council  of,  170  ;  Commis- 
sioners for,  152-4 ;  letters  to 
these  Commissioners,  108-205, 
207-8.  211-2,  214-5,  221. 
225,  232. 


Irish  (•  YrisheO,  William,  252. 

Isabella  of  Portugal,  Empress, 
wife  of  Charles  V,  168.  305. 

Italy,  7,  9-1 1,  16-8.  20.  34,  79- 
80,  85,  87  ».,  162,  202.  206,  229, 
243,  30,  218  (88).  220  (104), 
286  (170).  3O7;  scarcity  of 
grain  in,  18  (333). 

Jakes,   Simon,   Abbot   of  Kenil- 

worth,  256,  250. 
James  V,  King  of  Scotland,  154, 

157-60.  234-5,  242.  174(4i), 

226,  242.  33O. 
Jennyns,  ,   sergeant  of  the 

King's  pastry-house.  810  (220). 
Jenynges,  Edward,  friar  of  North- 
ampton, 311. 

Jerome,  William,  Vicar  of  Step- 
ney, 300. 
Jervaulx  Abbey,  Yorkshire,  188  ; 

Abbot  of,  see  Sedbergh. 
John  III,  King  of  Portugal,  Maria, 

daughter  of,  220. 
John  Frederic,  Elector  of  Saxony, 

see  Saxony. 

Johnson,  Richard,  25. 
Johnson,  Thomas,  i26». 
Johnson,  William,  a   servant  of 

Cromwell,  60. 

Jones  ('  Jonys  '),  Maister,  40. 
Jordan,  Sir  Thomas,  of  Redburn, 

letter  to,  332. 

Joye,  Christopher,  201  (183). 
Joyner,  John,  Prothonotary  of  the 

Common  Bench,  05. 
Juliers,  Duchy  of,  245-7  ».,  273, 

207. 
Juliers  and  Berg,  Maria,  only  child 

of  William,   Duke  of,   wife   of 

John,  Duke  of  Cleves,  245. 
Juliers  and  Berg,  William,  Duke 

of  (1496),  245. 
Julius  II,  Pope,  10,  24-5,  100, 

101. 

Karbott,  Dr.,  see  Carbot. 
Katherine  of  Aragon  ('prynces 


INDEX 


dowagier'),  81-2,  91-2.  98,  113, 
118-9,  130-1,  156,  182,  204, 
216-7,219,223,  228,  238,  298*;., 
306,  52,  65,  181;  her  death, 
228-30,  136;  her  priest,  141. 

Katherine,  image  of  Saint,  171. 

Kempe,  John,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  2. 

Kemys,  Davye  Morgan,  letter  to, 
120. 

Kendall,  — ,  Chantry  priest 
of  Barking,  Essex,  63. 

Kendalsland,  2. 

Kenil\vorth('Kyllingworthe'),  Ab- 
bot of,  see  Jakes. 

Kenninghall,  129,  190. 

Kent,  county  of,  174,  296;  the 
Nun  of,  see  Barton,  Elizabeth. 

Kerne,  see  Carne. 

Kexby,  Manor  of,  Yorkshire,  3. 

Kildare  county,  207,  214. 

Kildare,  Earls  of,  see  Fitzgerald. 

Kilka  Castle  ('Kylken'),  in  the 
county  of  Kildare,  220,  225. 

Kilmallock,  in  the  county  of 
Limerick,  Ireland,  letter  dated 
from,  200. 

Kilmenton,  Somerset,  342. 

King's  Bench,  Court  of,  93. 

King  Henry  VIII's  College,  see 
under  Oxford  (Cardinal's  Col- 
lege). 

Kingston  Manor  place,  Notting- 
hamshire, 228. 

Kingston,  Mary,  wife  of  Sir 
William,  297  (193). 

Kingston,  Sir  William,  Comp- 
troller, Constable  of  the  Tower, 
348. 

Kingswood  Abbey,  Wiltshire,  264. 

Kinsale,  in  the  county  of  Cork, 
Ireland,  214 ;  '  prysewynes '  of, 
214. 

Kirkham  Monastery,  in  Yorkshire, 
334. 

Knell,  William,  251. 

Knight,  Thomas,  Cromwell's  ser- 
vant, 291  (183). 

Knokraffyn,     or     Knockgraffon, 


Castle,  in  the  county  of  Tippe- 

rary,  220. 
Knolles,    Thomas,   President  of 

Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  14^. 

104. 
Knyghtley,   Edmond,   committed 

to  the  Fleet  Prison,  36. 
Knyghtley,  Richard,  36. 
Knyvett,  Sir  Edmund,  letter  to, 

303. 
Kyderminstre,  Richard,  Abbot  of 

Winchcomb,  14. 
Kylken  or  Kylka,  see  Kilka. 
Kyngston,  John,  158  (22). 
Kytche,  John,  letter  to,  81. 

Lacoke,  Thomas,  priest,  264. 

Lacy,  Henry,  51. 

Lacye,  Masteres,  16. 

Lambert,  John,  243  ».,  281. 

Lambeth,  3, 106. 

Lanbedye,  Carmarthenshire,  Pre- 
bend of  St.  David's,  287. 

Lancashire  abbeys,  173. 

Lanfranc,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, i. 

Langdon  Abbey,  Kent,  169. 

Langey,  see  Bellay. 

Lanishen,  Glamorganshire,  5. 

Lantern,  the  office  of  the,  at 
Calais,  157. 

Lark,  Peter,  Bishop  Gardiner's 
servant,  130-1,  135,  139,  145, 
153(2i),  174,  226. 

Lasco,  Miguel  de,  Physician  to 
Katherine  of  Aragon,  228. 

Laiimer,  Hugh,  Bishop  of  Wor- 
cester, 175,  118. 

Latimer,  John  Nevill,  Lord,  192. 

Laufen,  Battle  of,  267. 

Laund  Priory,  Leicestershire, 
1 68  n. 

Lawrence,  John,  16. 

Lawrence,  Friar  John,  65. 

Lawrence,  Robert,  116. 

Lawson,  Sir  George,  Master  of 
Ordnance  at  Berwick,  letter  to, 
347. 

Lawson,  James,  339. 


Z  a 


340 


INDEX 


Layton  (•  Leighton'),  Dr.  Richard, 

143.  166-71,  182,  14.  316. 
Layton,  William,  brother  of  Dr. 

Richard,  291(183). 
Ledes,  John,  Abbot   of  Byland, 

Yorkshire,  letter  to  him  and  the 

Abbot  of  Fountains,  50. 

Lee, ,  171. 

Lee,  Anthony,  brother-in-law  to 

Sir  Thomas  Wyatt.  222. 
Lee,     Edward,     Archbishop     of 

York,  189. 217  ;  his  servant.  83. 
Lee.  Rowland,  Bishop  of  Coventry 

and   Lichfield   (Chester).  Presi- 
dent   of   the    Council    of    the 

Marches  of  Wales,    122,    145, 

155.   156,   182,  73;   letters  to, 

231.  256. 
Legh,  Dr.  Thomas,  115,  143  »., 

166-71,   182-3;    letter  to  him 

and  William  Cavendish,  278. 
Leicester,  Richard,  Chief  Baron  of 

the  Exchequer,  1O7. 
Leicester.     Archdeacon    of,    see 

Bonner. 
Leicester,  county  of,  36. 

Leigh, .  343. 

Leigh,    Richard,     Surveyor     of 

Calais,  2O9. 
Leight,  Oliver,  816. 
Leighton,  see  Layton. 
Lelegrave   or  Lilgrave,  William. 

Surveyor   of    Calais,    86.    269. 

322. 

Leo  X,  Pope,  77. 
Lesnes  ('  Lyesnes '),  Kent,  breach 

of  the  Thames  into  the  marshes 

of,  9. 

Levyns,  Christopher,  126-7. 
Lewes  Priory,  Sussex,  168  n. 
Leynham. ,  a  mad  prophet. 

307. 

Leyton,  see  Layton. 
Lichfield,  a  prebend  in  the  church 

of.  256. 

Liege,  letter  dated  from,  206.  217. 
Liege,  Cardinal  of,  see  Marck. 
Lieutenant  of  the  North,  196. 
Lightfoot,  Humphrey,  143. 


Limerick,  the  mayor  and  bur- 
gesses of,  199 ;  Priory  of  Holy 
Rood  in.  199;  Deriknockane 
Castle  beside,  215. 

Limington,  Somerset,  14. 

Lincoln,  Bishop  of,  see  Longland. 

Lincoln,  the  city  of,  193 ;  letter 
addressed  to,  75 ;  assizes,  49. 

Lincolnshire.  186-90,  192,  7. 
297. 

Lisle,  Arthur  Plantagenet,  Vis- 
count, Deputy  of  Calais,  160-4, 
35.  297  (192),  298  (198),  312, 
32O;  letters  to,  44.  52,  55.  57. 
60,  82,  84.  86.  93.  99.  14O. 
155. 157. 192. 194-5.  2O9.  245. 
254,  260.  263,  268-9.  271-2, 
292.  313-5,  322.  331.  333. 

Lisle,  Honor,  wife  of  Arthur, 
count,  55, 57,  268 ;  letter  to,  87. 

Lisle,  Humfrey,  68. 

Lissasson,  John  de,  servant  of  the 
French  Ambassador,  passport 
for,  183. 

Little  Marlowe,  Prioress  of,  see 
Vernon. 

Littlcmore.  sometimes  called 
Sandford,  Nunnery.  Oxford- 
shire. 6.  8. 

Llandaff,  Bishop  of,  see  Athequa. 

Llangan  (•  Llangom '),  Pembroke- 
shire, 337. 

Loches,  281. 

Lodge,  Henry,  142. 

London,  n,  18-23,  51-*.  66-7, 
88,  92,  140,  149,  151,  157,  171 
174,  187,  193,  220,  251,  256, 
257.  265.  267-8,  272-3,  277, 
279,  288,  290,  305,  52  (bis), 
65,  88-9,  121,  128,  244  (124), 
281,316,332;  letters  dated  from, 
67-8,  1.  7,  9,  19,  12,  15-8,  20, 
23-6,  30-6,  38,  40-4.  47-53. 
56,  69.  66,  69.  77-8.  80.  84, 
87.  96,  98.  10O-4.  106-9. 
133,  138.  140-2.  168,  171,  180, 
184,  228,  234.  254,  271,  276- 
82.  285,  288-91.  293-3OO. 
302-6,  3O7-11,  319-25,  327-9. 


INDEX 


341 


332.  335,  338.  340-2,  344-7 ; 
letters  addressed  to,  2,  56; 
Bishop  of,  see  Bonner  and  Stokes- 
ley;  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Al- 
dermen of,  letter  to,  95  ;  Austin 
Friars,  12  ».,  52,  54,  85,  88; 
Bread  Street  ward,  15;  election 
of  Sheriffs,  126;  Fenchurch, 
12  ». ;  the  Fleet  prison,  171; 
Fleet  Street,  the  inhabitants  of, 
174(42);  Gray's  Inn.  47;  King's 
Bench  prison,  62 ;  Ludgate 
prison,  62 ;  Marshalsea  prison, 
62;  merchants  of,  298  (198); 
Merchant  Tailors  of,  see  Mer- 
chant Tailors  ;  the  Nete  ('  Neate 
besides  Westminster '),  letters 
dated  from,  86,  225.  229-31 ; 
Newgate  prison,  62 ;  five  Or- 
ders of  Friars  in,  62  ;  Paternos- 
ter Row,  26;  Paul's  Cross,  119, 
122,  287,  197;  St.  Helen's 
Nunnery,  i68». ;  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  189  (60);  Throg- 
morton  Street,  88  «. ;  the  Tower 
of,  121,  149,  151,  164,  176, 
186-7,  207-9,  2<>3,  288,  292-3, 
299,  39,  147,  281,  298  (197); 
letters  dated  from,  348-9,  351 ; 
Tower  Hill,  209,  193 ;  Tyburn 
(' Thyfbourne '),  119,  151, 193; 
Westminster,  see  under  W ;  Win- 
chester House,  291  n. ;  York 
House,  York  Place  (Whitehall), 
13,  68. 

London,  Dr.  John,  Warden  of 
New  College,  Oxford,  177; 
letter  to  him  and  Mr.  Clay- 
mond,  104. 

London,  Roger,  monk,  reader  of 
divinity  at  Reading  Abbey,  248. 

Longford,  Mr.,  43. 

Longland,  John,  Bishop  of  Lin- 
coln, Chancellor  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford,  182  ;  letters  to, 
92.  176,  326. 

Longmede,  Nicholas,  1. 

Longueville,  Francis,  the  young 
Duke  of,  243. 


Longueville,  Madame  de,  see  Mary 
of  Guise,  Queen  of  Scotland. 

Lords,  House  of,  see  Parliament. 

Lorraine,  Anne,  daughter  of  Duke 
Anthony  of,  235,  243. 

Lorraine,  Anthony,  Duke  of,  259- 

61.  24a 

Lorraine,  Francis,  Marquis  of 
Pont-a-Mousson,son  of  Anthony, 
Duke  of,  259-61,  298,349,  350. 

Lorraine,  John  of,  Archbishop  of 
Rheims,  Cardinal,  340. 

Louvre,  the,  262  ».,  281. 

Low  Countries,  see  Netherlands. 

Lowleye,  Thomas,  servant  to  Mr. 
Norreys,  72. 

Lowth,  171. 

Ltibeck,  139,  220-2,  238,  258. 
295  (189) ;  English  treaty  with, 
221  ;  letter  to  the  Senate  and 
Consuls  of,  74. 

Lucas,  see  Cranach. 

Luiz,  Infant  of  Portugal,  235, 189. 

Luke,  Walter,  letter  to  him  and 
Sir  Anthony  Fitzherbert,  49. 

Lumley,  George,  son  of  Lord 
Lumley,  194,  189. 

Lumley,  John,  Lord.  192. 

Lund  ('londen'),  John  Vesalius, 
Archbishop  of,  Imperial  pleni- 
potentiary at  Frankfort,  256, 
299,  307. 

Lupset,  Thomas,  203. 

Luther,  Martin,  77, 13,  126,  307. 

Lutherans,  Lutheran  Alliance, 
Lutheran  doctrines,  &c.,  92,  219, 
222,  226-7,  238-40,  242-3, 
246,  248,  250,  256-9.  262,  264- 
6,  268,  270-1,  286-8,  294.  13, 
18  ;  see  also  under  Germany. 

Lyesnes,  see  Lesnes. 

Lynne.  Jerome,  keeper  of  Carling- 
ford  Castle,  2O4.  211. 

Lyons,  305. 

Machiavelli,   Niccolb,   16,   85-6, 

203. 

Madeleine  of  Valois,  1 58. 
Maestricht,  in  Flanders,  216. 


849 


INDIA 


Magdalen  College  and  School, 
see  under  Oxford. 

Magna  Charta,  102. 

Majoris.  Philip,  Dean  of  Cam- 
bray.  Imperial  Ambassador,  251. 

Malery. ,  and  his  wife,  37. 

Malleus  -  monachorum.  =  Crom- 
well. Thomas,  165. 

Manchester.  Collegiate  Church 
of.  178. 

Mantua,  234. 

Mantua.  Frederic  Gonzaga,  Duke 
of.  243,  286  (170-3)- 

Marches  of  Scotland,  196-201. 

Marches  of  Wales,  1 55-6. 

Marck.  Erarde  de  la.  Bishop  of 
Liege,  Cardinal,  205,  189. 

Margaret,  daughter  of  King 
Henry  VII.  Queen  Dowager  of 
Scotland,  letter  to,  185. 

Margaret,  younger  daughter  of 
Francis  I,  226. 

Margaret  of  Angoulfime,  Queen 
of  Navarre,  sister  of  Francis  I, 
338.  340. 

Marignano,  gn. 

Marillac.  Charles  de,  French 
Ambassador  to  England,  252-6, 
260.  292-3,  296.  300.  309.  316, 
328.  351. 

•  Marke,'  the  barber  of,  a  Fleming 
at  Calais,  313. 

Markeby, ,  priest  of  Boston, 

letter  to  him  and  another  priest 
named  Thamworth,  138. 

Markes.  see  Smeton,  Mark. 

Marseilles,  218,  223,  11& 

•  Marshall,  Maistcr,'  of  Calais,  see 
Grenville,  Sir  Richard,  Knight- 
Marshall  of  Calais. 

Marshall.  Thomas,  104. 

•  Marssclles '  (Cardinal    Marcello 
Cervini.  afterwards  Pope   Mar- 
ccllus  1 1),  840. 

Mary,  daughter  of  Henry  VII. 
widow  of  Louis  XII  of  France, 
Duchess  of  Suffolk.  31.  33,  9. 

Mary,  the  Princess,  82,  114. 
'44-5.  '06,  158,  160,  217,  219. 


323-1^8,232  »..  235, 244. 249, 
259.  266-8.  270. 29511. .306. 117, 
121.  153  (21).  170.  189.  222. 
224.  229.  238.  281.  287.  299. 
349  (271).  350  (276);  letter  to, 
160. 

Mary,  daughter  of  Claude.  Duke 
of  Guise,  widow  of  Louis,  Duke 
of  Longueville,  Queen  of  Scot- 
land, 158,  334,  235,  226.  242. 

Mary,  Queen  of  Hungary,  Regent 
of  Flanders,  251,  56.  189.  243 
(ii,  iii),  276,  291,  294,  296-7, 
301  (208). 

Mary  Guldeford,  a  ship  called 
the,  319. 

Mason.  John.  234.  253.  265. 
276. 

Massingbenl.  Christopher,  Chan- 
cellor of  the  diocese  of  Lincoln. 
326. 

Massye, .  Bishop  Gardiner's 

servant.  146.  226. 

Matthew's  Bible.  132. 

Maximilian  I.  King  of  the  Ro- 
mans. Emperor,  245-6. 

Maxwell.  Robert.  Lord,  330. 

Maynooth  Castle,  151. 

Mediterranean  trade.  139. 

Medmenham,  Abbey  of,  Bucks, 
48. 

Melancthon,  Philip.  226, 113(416, 
419).  126.  307.  310  (220-1). 

Melford  alias  Reeve,  John.  Abbot 
of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  letters  to, 
37.  39. 

Mella,  Sir  Bernard  de,  or  von 
Mylen.  291(189,  190),  299. 

Mellessent,  John.  186. 

Melrose,  the  Abbot  of.  see  Dune. 

Melton-Mowbray,  cell  of.  Leices- 
tershire, 1 68  n. 

Mendoza,  Don  Diego  de,  special 
ambassador  from  the  Emperor. 
188-9.  229,  265. 

Mercaior,  Michael  ('  Michel '). 
297(194). 

Merchant  Tailors  of  London, 
letter  to.  46. 


INDEX 


343 


Mewtas.  Peter,  62  ;  letter  to.  242. 

Meyer,  Sir  Mark,  of  Ltibeck,  220. 

Michel,  see  Mercator. 

Michelham  Priory,  Sussex,  i68w. 

Michell,  William,  3. 

Middleburgh  ('  Medelborow '),  n. 

Milan,  Duchy  of,  34,  226,  232, 
284,  238,  338,  340. 

Milan,  Christina.  Duchess  of,  235, 
237,  267,  243  (ii,  iii),  281  (180), 
295  (187),  301,  305. 

Milan,  Francis  -  Maria  Sforza, 
Duke  of,  his  death  (October, 
1535).  229. 

Milketon,    ,    shipmaster    of 

Newcastle,  316. 

Miller.  Thomas,  Lancaster  Herald, 
1 88,  190. 

Miller,  Thomas,  of  London,  90. 

Minstreley,  Sir  William,  priest  at 
Calais,  194. 

Modenham  Priory,  Kent,  i68». 

Monasteries,  suppression  of,  17, 
48-51.  55»  64,  88,  90,  103. 
165-79.  l8z»  213,  3°5,  3«>7» 
163,  166,  175,  180,  188,  199, 
249,  259,  264,  278,  302,  311, 
318,  334,  335,  339. 

Money,  see  Coin. 

Monks,  48-9,  1 1 6,  166-7,  l&9- 
72,  175,  177,  181,  183,  185, 
248.  297(i93),  298(i97). 

Monoux,  Alderman  George,  52. 

Mons,  Provost  of,  see  Wignacourt. 

Mont,  Christopher,  219-20,  226, 
239.  243-5,  247,  249-50,  264, 
267,  278,  113  (419-20),  178, 
299,  305,309(217,  219),  310; 
letters  to,  64,  287;  letters  to 
him  and  Thomas  Paynell,  296, 
300. 

Montacute,  Prior  of,  see  Shirburn. 

Montague,  Henry  Pole,  Lord, 
208-9,  2S1 

Montmorency,  Anne  de,  Count 
Beaumont, Grand  Master  and  Con- 
stable of  France,  157,  208,  252, 
292-3,  113  (416-20),  193,  309 
(218),  340 ;  letters  to,  317,  328. 


Montreuil  ('  Muttrel '),  174, 193. 
More,  Henry,  of  Kilmenton, 

Somerset,    yeoman,    342 ;     his 

complaint  against  William  Har- 

gill,  342  (257). 
More,  Maudelyn,  60  n. 
More,  Robert,  priest  of  Chichester, 

297. 

More,  Roger,  60  ».,  63. 
More,    Sir  Thomas,  28-30,   32. 

100,  118-22,  166,  227,  71,  113 

(417),   122;     his   daughter,   see 

Roper,  Margaret. 
Mores,  Mr.,  a  servant  of  Wolsey's, 

68. 
Mores    ('  Morys '),    Christopher, 

177. 

Morice,  Ralph,  Cranmer's  secre- 
tary, 255  «. 
'  Morkesse  '  (probably  a  mistake 

for  Morlaix),  34. 
Mortlake,   Surrey,  i,  222,  265; 

letters   dated    from,   209,    211, 

215-6,  220-2. 
Morton,    John,    Archbishop    of 

Canterbury,  4. 
Moryson,    Richard,   248    (131), 

298  (199). 

Mount,  Christopher,  see  Mont. 
Mountjoy,  William  Blount,  Lord. 

15- 

Munkcaster,  Maister,  1. 

Munster,  proposed  reformation 
of,  by  James  of  Desmond,  2OO. 
203. 

Muriell,  William,  Bishop  Gar- 
diner's servant,  258. 

Musters,  189,  252,  298  (197). 

Mustiam,  Master,  letters  to,  6O-1. 

'  Muttrel,'  see  Montreuil. 

Myxberye,  Oxfordshire,  84. 

Naples,  Joanna  of.  262  n. 
Nassau,  Henry,  Count  of,   224. 

299. 
Navarre   ('Nauerne'),    33,   840 

(254). 

Navarre,  the  Queen  of,  see  Mar- 
garet of  Angoulcme. 


34V 


INDEX 


Neath  Abbey,  Glamorganshire, 
1 68*. 

Ncsham.  a  Benedictine  Nunnery 
in  Durham,  330. 

Netherlands  or  Low  Countries, 
1 1-2,  52,  99,  101.  140.  225. 
251,  261,  284-5,  290-'-  21 
(339),  158,  305 ;  the  admiral  of 
the,  8O5;  see  also  Flanders. 

Netley,  Abbot  of,  see  Stevens. 

Nevell,  William,  115. 

Nevill,  Sir  Edward,  208-9. 

Nevill,  Sir  John,  2 1  o. 

New  Bawn  ('  the  newe  Bawon '), 
in  the  county  of  Wexford,  214. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne,  227. 

New  Year's  presents,  102,  146. 

Neyll,  Henry,  friar  of  Northamp- 
ton, 811. 

Nice,  in  Savoy,  letter  received  at, 
253. 

Nice,  the  Peace  of,  233. 

Nicolas,  the  courier,  281.  285, 
280.  204.  3O4.  306,  3OO. 

Nisiprius  to  be  tried  at  Lincoln 
Assizes.  40. 

Non-resident  clergy,  273  (153-4). 

Norfolk,  county  of,  election  of 
Knights  of  the  Shire  to  Parlia- 
ment, 303. 

Norfolk,  Thomas  Howard,  Duke 
of,  34.  37-8,  67-70,  82-4,  123, 
129,  141,  147-8,  150-1.  153-4, 
187,  190-2,  194-5,  197-200, 
236-263,  273,  283-5,  291,  293, 
296,  300,  9,  13,  42.  63,  86, 
174,  25O.  3O7.  316,  338.  340- 
51 ;  letters  to,  107.  188,  210. 

Normandy,  39.  41,  208  (196). 

Norris  (' Norreys'),  Henry,  72, 72, 
132,  147,  153. 

Northampton,  county  of,  36.  230  ; 
White  Friars  of,  311. 

Northumberland,  county  of,  29  »., 
196,  198;  coast  of.  159. 

Northumberland,  Henry  Percy, 
Earl  of,  200 ;  letter  to,  38. 

Norway,  66. 

Norwell,  Notts,  2. 


Norwich,  303 ;  diocese  of,  163. 

Norwich,  Sir  Robert,  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Common  Pleas, 
107. 

Nottingham,  188. 

Nottinghamshire,  2,  13. 

Nun  of  Kent,  the,  see  Barton, 
Elizabeth. 

Nuns,  49,  172,  177.  181.  31O 
(220). 

Nttrnberg,  219,  267. 

Oatlands  ('  Otlande  ').  the  K: 
manor  of,  Surrey,  316  :    letters 
dated  from,  232-3.  318. 

O'Connor,  Brian  ('  Byryn'),  152, 
232-3.  208  (197). 

Odo,  Bishop  of  Bayeux,  I. 

O'Donnell,  Manus.  Lord  of  Tyr- 
connel,  208  (197). 

O'Donnel,  Rurik,  Bishop  of  Derry, 

207(193). 

Offley,  John,  143. 

Oking,  see  Woking. 

Oldsworthy,Nicholas,letter  to, 114. 

Olesleger,  Dr.  Henry,  Vice-Chan- 
cellor of  Cleves.  823.  340-50. 

Olverton  ('  Yelverton').  William  of 
Rougham,  Norfolk,  letter  to  Sir 
Roger  Townshend  and  him, 
267. 

O'Neill,  Con,  Earl  of  Tyrone, 
208(197). 

Onley,  Adam,  brother  of  [John], 
the  Attorney  of  the  Augmenta- 
tions, 184. 

Ordinaries,  96-7 ;  supplication 
against  the,  96,  104-11. 

Orleans,  Charles.  Duke  of,  see 
Angouleme,  Duke  of. 

Ormond.  Sir  Piers  Butler,  Earl  of, 

'47- 
Osborn  ('  Ousburn '),  Bailiff  of  the 

town  of  Cambridge,  120. 
Osiander,  Andrew,  3O7. 
Ossory,  Piers  Butler,  Earl  of.  214. 

225. 
Osulstone  or  Ossulton.  Middlesex, 

Hundred  of,  47. 


INDEX 


345 


Otywell,  Mr.,  of  Westminster, 
50. 

Overton  subtus  Arderne,  Leices- 
tershire, see  Harding. 

Owton,  see  Wotton. 

Oxford,  68,  92. 162 ;  letters  dated 
from,  6,  157. 

Oxford,  Anne,  Countess  of,  letter 
to,  119. 

Oxford,  John  de  Vere,  fifteenth 
Earl  of,  9. 

Oxford,  University  of,  142,  13, 
159  (27);  letter  to  the,  92; 
state  of  the  University  in  1535, 
143;  Chancellor  of,  see  Long- 
land  ;  Colleges  :  Balliol  College, 
143,326,  letter  to  the  Fellows  of, 
325 ;  Cardinal's  Collegers,  50-2 , 
73,  102,  6-8,  13,  18  (331),  32  : 
Magdalen  College,  143,  202, 
16,  104:  Magdalen  School  in, 
14  ;  Priory  of  St.  Prides  wide's  at, 
202,  6;  the  Friars  of,  177. 

Oxinbold,  farm  of,  72. 

Pace  ('  Pacy '),  Richard,  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's,  68  (378). 

Padua,  203. 

Page  alias  du  Fount,  John,  60, 
13. 

Paget,  Sir  William,  Clerk  of  the 
Signet,  letter  to,  321. 

Pakington,  John,  letter  to  him 
and  others,  108 ;  joint  letter  from 
Sir  Thomas  Audley  and  Crom- 
well, to  him  and  others,  109. 

Palame'des,  Mr.  le  Tre'sorier,  ste 
Gontier,  Palame'des. 

Palatine  of  the  Rhine,  Louis, 
Count,  Elector,  256-7,  267, 
299. 

Palishall,  2. 

Palmer,  Henry,  Spear  of  Calais, 
brother  of  Sir  Thomas,  816. 

Palmer,  Sir  Thomas,  Knight- 
Porter  of  Calais,  205,  209,  816, 
331. 

Palmer,  Thomas,  Cromwell's  ser- 
vant, 313. 


Palsgrave,  John,  i.-,. 

Palshid,  Richard,  officer  of  the 
Customs  at  Southampton,  letter 
to  him  and  James  Bettys,  181. 

Papacy,  see  Pope. 

Pardon,  the  royal,  94-5,  190-4. 

Paris,  39,  45,  132-3,  226,  240, 
281,  285,  291,  113  (419),  838 
(251) ;  University  of,  202  ;  Grey 
Friars  of,  24. 

Paris,  Philip,  240. 

Parish    registers,    institution     of 

(i538),  5,  141,  273(i54). 

Parkersplace,  2. 

Parliament,  47,  78,  90,  92-3, 
95-7,  "3,  123-  125-6,  133-5, 
M4-5-  155-6,  170.  172,  i?8, 
180,  192-3,  208,  210,  228,  256, 
258,  272,  274,  276,  289,  291, 
298-300,  305,  19,  122  (428-9), 
174(4i),  175,  298  (197,  199), 
303  ;  Acts  of,  94-5,  1 1 3-4  (4), 
115,  120  (2),  121,  123-5.  134 
(4),  136(2),  138.  141,  155(3), 
156,  170(2),  175,  178,  210, 
254,  260,  282,  289  (2),  294-5, 
299,  71, 107, 177  (44)  5  of  1523, 
27-46,  86,  157,  213,  1;  of 
1529,  65,  67-70,  93  ;  of  1533- 
40,  90;  of  1539,  253;  a  Bill 
that  no  person  shall  keep  above 
2,000  sheep,  &c.,  67  ;  House  of 
Lords,  quotation  from  the 
Journal  of,  292. 

Parliament,  the  Irish,  151,  179, 
232;  mention  of  Acts  passed 
in,  179,  196. 

Parma,  238. 

Pashas,  ste  Bassas. 

Pasleu,  John,  Abbot  of  Whalley, 

173- 

Paston,  Sir  John,  5. 
Paston,   Sir  William,  son  of  Sir 

John,  5. 
Pate,  Richard,  Ambassador  with 

ihe    Emperor,    292,    300,   139, 

146,  222.  253.  343,  345. 
Pater  nosier  in  English,  159  (26), 

273. 


:vir. 


INDEX 


Patison.  John,  of  Loulh,  Lincoln- 
shire. 171. 

Paul  III,  Pope.  121,  153.  159, 
189,  204-6.  210-1,  224.  227, 
243.  247,  250,  255,  268,  270, 
100-1,  122  (430).  137.  140 
(15.  1 6),  189,  216-8  (88-9), 
222.  229.  238.  286.  288, 293-5 
(187-9),  297.  300  (204-5),  305, 
309-10  (221),  340. 

Paulet,  Sir  Hugh,  letter  to  him 
and  four  others,  342. 

Paulet,  Sir  William.  Treasurer  of 
the  Household,  68,  36.  260. 

Pa  via.  Battle  of,  79. 

Payne,  Hugh,  a  Friar  Observant. 
62 

P.iynell.  Thomas,  249-50,  299. 
3O5,  8O9-1O  ;  letters  to  Christo- 
pher Mont  and  him,  295,  300. 

Payvy,  John,  friar  of  Northamp- 
ton, 311. 

Penshurst,  Kent,  letter  dated  from, 
274. 

Percival  ('  percyvall '),  Lady,  wife 
of  Sir  John.  237. 

Percy,  Lord  Henry,  13. 

Percy,  Sir  Thomas.  188-9  ;  his 
children,  227. 

Perpignan,  340. 

Pershore.  Worcestershire.  108. 

Persia,  the  Sophy  of,  809. 

Pery,  George,  one  of  Chapuys' 
gentlemen,  193. 

Peter's  pence,  134. 

Peters,  Bartholomew.  King's  Sur- 
geon at  Calais.  44. 

Peterson,  William,  priest,  Com- 
missary in  Calais  under  Arch- 
bishop Warham,  329. 

Peto  or  Petow,  William,  Pro- 
vincial of  the  Friars  Observants. 
98,  65. 

Petrarch,  his  'Triumphs.'  86. 

IVtworth,  Sussex,  letter  dated 
from,  270. 

Philip,  Archduke  of  Austria,  father 
of  Charles  V,  140. 

Philips,  Thomas,  155. 


Phillip?,  John,  of  Putney,   2,  4. 

6-7.  13- 

Picardy,  299,  309  (219). 

Piedmont,  see  '  Pyemount.' 

Pilgrimage  of  Grace,  rebellion  in 
the  North,  103,  137.  144,  173, 
176. 180-201, 205. 21  o,  169. 174. 

Pilgrimages  forbidden,  159  (28), 
273. 

Pirates,  141.  190,  213,  319. 

Placentia.  238. 

Placet,  John.  168. 

Poghley,  Priory  of,  Berks..  48. 

Pole,  Sir  Geoffrey.  207-9. 

Pole,  Reginald,  Cardinal,  5.  9-11. 
51,  76.  86-7.  91-2.  153.  253. 
260,  301,  174. 187, 189.  216-8, 
288  (173).  295  (188).  297. 
30O  (204),  3O1 ;  letter  to.  133 : 
story  of  his  career  (1500-1540). 
202-1 2 ;  passage  from  his  '  Apo- 
logia ad  CarolumQuintum,'  18-9. 

Pole,  Sir  Richard,  202. 

Pomeray.  Gilles  de  la.  139  (5), 
163(2i),  170. 

Pomfret  or  Pontefract.  Yorkshire, 
189—91. 

Poole.  the  Mayor  and  Officers  of. 
letter  to.  80. 

Pope,  the  ('the  busshop  of  rome'), 
in  a  general  sense,  oath  of  alle- 
giance to,  &c.,  97,  113-6.  121, 

135.    *56»  a21  »-i  z86-  71.  113 

(418-9),    159   (26),    236.    273 

(154),  274.  286.  300. 
Pope,  Sir  Thomas.  Treasurer  of 

the    Court    of   Augmentations, 

letter  to.  320. 
Porpoise    sent    by    Lisle    as    a 

present  to  Cromwell,  313. 
Port  tyihe.  142. 
Porter,     Mr..    j«r     Palmer.     Sir 

Thomas,      Knight  -  Porter     of 

Calais. 

Porter,  John,  of  Palishall.  2. 
'  Portingale.'  the  daughter  of,  see 

under  John  III. 
Portsmouth,     the     Mayor     and 

Officers  of,  letter  to,  8O. 


INDEX 


347 


Portuguese  Ambassador,  a,  295  n. 

Posidonius  ('Possidon'),  the  friend 
of  Cicero,  226. 

Poulet,  see  Paulet. 

Pount,  John  du,  alias  Page,  see 
Page,  John. 

Power,  Dominick,  150. 

Power,  Nicholas,  214. 

Power,  Piers,  son  of  the  Lady 
Katryn  Butler,  widow,  214. 

Powis,  Sir  Edward  Grey,  Lord,  166. 

Poynt,  John,  B.A.  Oxon.,  287. 

Praemunire  ( '  primineri '),  64,  74, 
93-5,  16,  18-9. 

Pratt,  James,  Vicar  of  Crowle, 
Worcestershire,  161,  164. 

Praye,  Monastery  and  Hospital 
of,  near  St.  Albans,  6. 

Preacher,  a,  at  Calais,  see  Damp- 
lip,  Adam. 

Preaching,  Order  to  be  taken  for, 
236  ;  injunctions  as  to  sermons, 
159,  273. 

Prelates,  see  Bishops. 

Privy   Council,   King's    Council, 
92-4,  144, 163,186,  191,  196-7, 
199,  256,  288,  293-4,  305,  18 
(332),    31,    90,    106-7,    112-3 
(417),  141,  143,  170,  175,  206. 
21O,  217  (85),  226,  228,  261. 
267.     281,    291   (iSo-i).    297 
(193),    298    (197,    199),    307,   , 
315  (229),  316,  324,  327.  344.   j 
349-51 ;  letters  to  the  Lords  of  ! 
the,  83,  351. 

Proclamations,    135,    141,    188, 
190-1,   194,  239,  253,  36,  86. 
281    (163),     293    (184),    310  i 
(220);  Act  about,  123-5,  1O7. 

Proctors  in  the  Courts  of  tho 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
105-6. 

Prophecies,  168. 

Prophecy  of  the  year  1512,  204. 

Protestantism,  Protestanis,  Re- 
formers, 81,  88,  99,  100,  130, 
142,220, 240,246-7, 286-7, 294, 
305-6,  286  (173);  see  also  under 
Lutherans. 


Pryor,  Elizabeth,  see  Williams, 
Elizabeth. 

Pryor,  Sir  John,  1 2. 

Pryor,  Mercy,  12,  59. 

Purycroft,  virgate  called,  6. 

Putney,parishof,i,3-5,7,i7-8,23. 

'  Pyemount'  (Piedmont),  34O. 

Pykerde.John.  friar  of  Northamp- 
ton, 311. 

Pyle,  Roger,  Abbot  of  Furness, 

173- 

Pyssow,  manor  and  park,  in 
Hertfordshire,  41. 

Quare  impedit,  an  action  of,  277. 

Raguseys,  ships  of  Ragusa,  298 
(198). 

Ramsay  Abbey,  Huntingdonshire, 
1 68  //. 

Randall,  William,  one  of  the 
Bailiffs  of  Weymouth,  see  Haw- 
kins, William. 

Rangon  or  Rin9on,  Monsieur  de, 
French  Ambassador  with  the 
Turk,  309. 

Ratclif,  Middlesex,  265. 

RatclirT,  Sir  Alexander,  Sheriff  of 
Cheshire,  letter  to,  327. 

Ratclyff,  Mr.,  142. 

Ratisbon,  news  from,  29. 

Raveneston,  Priory  of,  Bucks,  48. 

Rawlyns,  Thomas,  15. 

Rayleigh  or  Rayley,  in  Essex, 
letter  addressed  to,  47. 

Reading,  Abbot  of,  see  Cook. 

Real  Presence,  the,  163,  243  n. 

Record  Office,  n,  27,  50,  54, 
104,  311-2  ;  Ireland.  821. 

Rede,  Peter,  courier,  229,  241, 
244  (124). 

Reedsdale  ('  Ryddesdale '),  North- 
umberland, 227. 

Reformation,  Reformers,  see  under 
Protestantism. 

Relics,  i74,159(28),278(i53-4), 

286(i73> 

Resbye,  Richard,  Friar  Observant 
of  Canterbury,  1 20. 


.•Us 


INDEX 


Rewley,  Abbot  of.  see  Austen. 
Reynolds,  Richard.  116. 
Reynolds,   Sir  Roger,  Master  of 

the    Hospital    of    St.    John    in 

Huntingdon,  letter  to,  81. 
Rhine,  the  Lower,  245. 
•  Roan,  the  ryver  of,'  meaning  the 

Seine  at  Rouen,  298. 
Riborough,  Great,  Norfolk.  246. 

267. 

Rice,  John  ap,  115. 143  ».,  166-7. 
Richard  II.  King  of  England,   i. 

107. 
Richard  III.  King  of  England, 

'37- 

Richardson,  Sir  William,  priest 
at  Calais,  194,  329. 

Riche,  Sir  Richard,  Solicitor- 
General,  Chancellor  of  Augmen- 
tations, 182,  1 86,  296.  278.  318. 
348;  letters  to,  102,  111.  259. 
264,  302. 

Richmond,  Surrey  ('  Riczmunt '), 
272,  9,  62;  letters  dated  from, 
74,  127-8. 

Richmond  and  Somerset,  Henry 
Fitzroy,  Duke  of,  Lord  High 
Admiral,  174. 

Richmondshire,  284. 

Rievaulx  Abbey,  Yorkshire,  elec- 
tion of  a  new  Abbot  (1533).  59. 

Ripon,  Collegiate  Church  of,  178. 

Rithe,  Richard,  goldsmith,  of 
Evesham,  27O. 

Rochelle,  19O. 

Rochepot,  Fran£ois  de  Mont- 
morency,  Sieur  de,  Governor  of 
Picardy,  299,  316-7.  328.  351. 

Rochester,  Kent,  263,  297,  68 
(.374),  349-6O  ;  Prior  and  Con- 
vent of.  9 ;  the  Mayor  of,  letter 
to.  262. 

Rochford,  Viscount,  see  Boleyn, 
George.  See  also  Wiltshire,  Sir 
Thomas  Boleyn,  Earl  of. 

Roehampton,  parish  of.  i,  6. 

Rolls  House,  the,  146;  letters 
dated  from.  83.  85.  93-5.  97. 
99,  106,  126.  130-1.  136-7. 


139.  143-4.  147-9.  151-6.  170, 
172.  174.  181-2.  186,  189-90, 
236-7. 

'  Roman  Empire,'  269. 

Rome,  10,  17,  23-5.  84,  92 
121.  142.  158-9.  20.-,-;.  210-1. 
217,  247,  306,  3O,  10O-1.  139. 
218  (50).  261.  305;  breach 
with,  separation  from.  90-3. 
112-3.  «3».  '33-  165-6. 
307;  Papal  Court  at,  14,  24, 
84»  93.  J59;  sack  of,  80;  Sec 
of  (' Holy  See '),  216,  218.  221. 
227,  247,  255,  268,  306,  30. 
286. 

Romney  or  Rompqey,  ftvRumney. 

Roo,  Mr.,  master  of  the  free 
school  at  Week  St.  Mary,  Corn- 
wall. 237. 

Rood  of  Grace,  the.  174. 

Roper,  Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  More.  113  (4 1 7). 

Roper,  William,  28. 

Rougham,  Norfolk,  267. 

Rous,  Edmund,  143. 

Rouse.  Anthony.  307. 

'  Rousseler,'  in  Flanders,  845. 

Rowe,  Mr.,  52. 

Rowland,  Maister,  Parson  of 
Garsington,  Oxfordshire,  letter 
to,  32. 

Rows,  George,  Cromwell's  ser- 
vant, 245. 

Royal     Supremacy,    90,    93-7, 
113-4,  116,   118.   1 21-2.    14.- 
148,  156,  1 66,  183,  203.  20.-,. 

Roydon,  a  farm  near  Southamp- 
ton. 61. 

Rudby.  in  Cleveland,  parsonage 
of.  7,  8. 

Rudston.  Robert,  Sir  Thomas 
Wyatt's  servant,  294. 

Rumburgh  Prior)'.  9. 

Rumney  ('  Rompney'),  Manor  of, 
Monmouthshire.  63.  12O. 

Rurik,  Bishop  of  Derry,  see 
O'Donnel. 

Rush,  Sir  Thomas,  62.  65,  67, 
69. 


INDEX 


349 


Russell  family,  307. 

Russell,  Henry,  letter  to  John 
Russell  and  him,  290. 

Russell,  Sir  John,  Comptroller  of 
the  Household,  afterwards  Earl 
of  Bedford,  25,  72,  75,  250. 

Russell,  Sir  John  the  younger, 
J.  P.  of  Worcestershire,  letter  to 
him  and  others.  108 ;  joint  letter 
from  Sir  Thomas  Audley  and 
Cromwell,  to  him  and  others,  109. 

Russell,  John,  Esquire,  one  of 
the  Council  of  the  Marches  of 
Wales,  J.  P.  of  Worcestershire, 
117  ;  letters  to,  109,  164,  282  ; 
letter  to  him  and  Sir  Gilbert 
Talbot,  161 ;  letter  to  him  and 
Henry  Russell,  290. 

Rutland,  county  of,  230. 

Rutland,  Thomas  Manners,  Earl 
of,  Lord  Chamberlain  to  Anne  of 
Cleves,  192,  848  ;  letter  to,  112. 

Ryddesdale,  see  Reedsdale. 

Ryvaulx  Abbey,  see  Rievaulx. 

Ryvet,  Hugh,  316. 

Sacramentaries,  162-4,  26O,  263, 

268,  281(162-3),  312. 
Sacraments,  109,  131,  169  (27). 

273  (152). 
Sadler,    Ralph,  51,  60,   63,  66, 

159-60,    297,    15,    297,    309  ; 

letter  from,  67-8  ;  letter  to,  343. 
Sadolet,  James,   Bishop  of  Car- 

pentras,  Cardinal,  211. 
Sagar,  Stephen,  Abbot  of  Hailes, 

Gloucestershire,  174-5. 
St.  Albans,  Abbey  of,  72-4. 
St.  Austin's,  Canterbury,  Abbot 

of,  see  Sturvey. 
St.   Edmund's    Bury,   Abbot  of, 

see  Melford. 

St.  Faith's,  Prior  of,  see  Salisbury. 
St.   Florence,  a  benefice  in .  the 

diocese  of  St.  David's,  6. 
St.  George,  Order  of,  collar  of 

the,  293. 

St.  James  ('  sent  Jocop '),  we- West- 
minster. 


St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  Knights 
of,  289. 

St.  Leger,  Sir  Anthony,  154. 

St.  Low  ('  Seintloo'),  William,  221. 

'  St.  Marye  Wyke,'  see  Week  St. 
Mary. 

St.  Neot's  Priory,  Huntingdon- 
shire, 1 68  n. 

St.  Osythe's  Priory,  Essex,  168  »., 
278. 

Saint  Pol,  in  Artois,  193. 

St.  Rhadegund's  Priory,  see  Dover. 

Salerno,  Ferdinand  de  San  Seve- 
rino,  Prince  of,  343. 

Salisbury,  Margaret,  Countess  of, 
mother  of  Cardinal  Pole,  202, 
204,  207.  209-10,  253. 

Salisbury, ,  courier,  139, 147. 

Salisbury,  Bishop  of,  see  Capon 
alias  Salcot,  and  Shaxton. 

Salt  money,  127. 

Salvey,  Richard,  to  be  Clerk  of  the 
Peace  for  Worcestershire,  290. 

Sampson,  Dr.  Richard,  Dean  of 
the  Chapel  Royal,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Chichester,  250;  letter 
to,  73;  a  dozen  copies  of  his 
'  Oration '  sent  to  Bishop  Gardi- 
ner in  France,  126. 

Sandes,  William.  Lord  Chamber- 
lain, 312. 

Sandford  Nunnery,  see  Littlemore. 

Sandford,  ,  cousin  of  Sir 

Thomas  Wharton,  330. 

Sandwich,  Kent,  74 

Sandwich,  Dr.  William,  of  Canter- 
bury College,  Oxford,  letter  to, 
197. 

Sapcottes,  Henry,  letter  to,  75. 

Saragossa,  in  Spain,  letter  re- 
ceived at,  193. 

Sarisbury,  John,  Prior  of  St. 
Faith's,  Horsham,  168;  letter 
to,  163. 

'  Satanae  Nuncius,'  =  Cromwell, 
Thomas,  91-3,  203. 

Savage,  John,  171. 

Sawtry  Abbey,  Huntingdonshire, 
1 68  n. 


860 


INDEX 


Saxony.  243.  247.  249.  261. 
Saxony,  Frederic  III.  the  Wise, 

Elector  of,  245. 
Saxony.  John    Frederic,   Elector  i 

of,  240,  243-4.  246-7,  249-50, 

256-9,  261,  264,   372,  274-.-,. 

287.    287.   295   (186,    188-9), 

297  (i  94),  299-300.  805  (213). 

309(219).  310. 
Sayes  Court,  Manor  of.  9. 
•  Sayntclere,'  Mr.,  68,  102. 
Scales,  Lord,  5. 

Scarborough.  Yorkshire,  158, 194. 
Scepperus.  Dr.  Cornelius,  Imperial 

Ambassador    in    France,    244 

Schmalkaldic  League,  the,  243. 
245-7.  256-7,  264,  266-7. 

Scotland,  28,  43,  45-6,  147,  150, 
'53.  !55-9>  »84,  »96-  291,  4. 
27,  77,  90,  152,  174  (41),  297 
(193).  298  (197);  raid  against 
the  Scots  by  Henry,  Earl  of 
Northumberland  (1532),  88. 

Scrooby,  Notts,  190. 

Scrope,  John,  Lord,  192;  letter 
to,  41. 

Scudamor.  Edward,  171. 

Sedbergh,  Adam,  Abbot  of  Jer- 
vaulx,  189. 

Seintloo,  see  St.  Low. 

'  Selant,'  see  Zealand. 

Semley,  Manor  of,  Wiltshire,  116. 

Senklers  Bradfield,  Suffolk,  117. 

Sennowe,  a  farm  at  Great  Ri- 
borough,  Norfolk,  248,  267. 

Sexten,  Edmund,  215. 

Seymour  family,  307. 

Seymour,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Sir  John,  widow  of  Anthony 
Ughtred,  wife  of  Gregory  Crom- 
well, 145,  301. 

Seymour,  Jane,  Queen,  130,  152, 
234,  153  (21),  189  (60),  223; 
announcement  of  her  death,  220. 

'  Seyntcler,'  James,  90. 

Shakespeare.  William,  65. 

Shaxton,  Nicholas.  Bishop  of 
Salisbury,  letter  to,  248. 


Sheen,  parish  of  East,  i ;  Charter- 
house at,  17. 

Sherborne,  St  John's  of.  in 
Hampshire,  7O. 

Sherley.  Thomas,  Cromwell's  ser- 
vant, 247. 

Sherlock,  James,  Receiver  in  the 
county  of  Wexford,  212. 

•  Sheuerys,'  Lord  of,  see  Chievres. 

Shields,  South,  154,  297. 

Ship  . .  .  .  ,  Hugh,  commander  of 
a  merchantman,  74. 

Ships,  arrest  and  detention  of,  see 
Bordeaux  and  English  trade. 

Shirburn,  Robert,  Prior  of  Mont- 
acute,  letter  to,  132. 

Shrewsbury,  George  Talbot,  Earl 
of,  Lord  Steward,  187-8,  190. 
192 ;  letters  to,  76,  97.  165. 

Shrine  to  be  taken  down,  188. 

Sibylla,  see  under  Cleves. 

Sidney,  Sir  William,  Sheriff  of 
Kent.  296. 

Sinclair,  see  Sayntclere  and  Seynt- 
cler. 

Sittingbourne,  Kent,  263. 

Skeffington.  Sir  William,  Lord 
Deputy  of  Ireland,  147-8, 150-1, 
204. 

Skipworth  Moor,  Yorkshire,  189. 

Skryn,  Martin,  2O4. 

Sleaford,  185. 

Smart,  John,  Abbot  of  Wigmore, 
302. 

Smeton,  Mark  ('  Markes'),  147. 

Smith,  Richard,  Vicar  of  Llangan, 
Pembrokeshire.  337. 

Smith,  William,  Parish  priest  of 
St.  Mary's  at  Calais,  163,  314 
(226). 

Smyth,  John,  of  Putney,  4  n. 

Smyth,  John,  attorney,  48,  63  n. 

Smyth,  '  Mastres,'  2. 

Smyth,  R.,  8  n. 

Smyth,  Thomas,  6-8. 

Smyth  alias  Cromwell,  Walter, 
see  under  Cromwell. 

Smyth,  William,  armourer,  3, 
7,8. 


INDEX 


351 


Snape  Priory,  7,  9. 
Sole,  Richard,  168. 
Somerset,  Edward  Seymour. 

Duke  of,  Lord   Protector,  letter 

to  him,  from  Bishop  Gardiner. 

123  n. 

Soinmer,  Mr.,  20. 
Sonninghill,  Berkshire,  letter  dated 

from,  196,  198. 
Soulemont  or  Solemont,  Thomas, 

French  Secretary  to  Henry  VIII, 

309  (217-8),  316. 
Southampton,    298   (198);     the 

Mayor  and  Officers  of,  letter  to, 

80  ;  letter  to  the  Officers  of  the 

Customs  at,  181. 
Southampton,   Sir  William  Fitz- 

\villiam.  Earl  of,  Lord  Admiral, 

288,     297-8     (196),    348-9; 

letters  to,  190,  250,  329. 
Southstoke,  Somersetshire,  191. 
•  Southwel,'  Richard,  303. 
Southwell,  Notts.  2  «.,  18. 
Southwell,  Mr.,  88. 
Spain,  21,  42,  79,  81,  84,  163, 

2IO-I,    214-5,    217,    219,    222- 

3,  225,  230-8,  241-2,  248-9, 
255,  264,  269-71,  281,  284, 

299,  188  (58),  213,  288,  291 
(181),  294-5  (188),  301,  305- 
6,  309(217-8),  340  (255). 

Spalatinus,  Georgius,  288. 

Spalding,  Lincolnshire,  176;  Prior 
of,  see  Elsyn. 

Spencer,  Lady,  widow  of  Sir 
William,  sister  of  Edmond  and 
Richard  Knyghtley,  36. 

Spencer,  Sir  William,  executors 
of,  36. 

Spicer,  Richard,  168. 

Splottes,  lands  called  the,  in  the 
Manor  of  Rumncy,  Monmouth- 
shire, 12O. 

Stamford,  Lincolnshire,  188. 

Standish,  Henry,  Bishop  of  St. 
Asaph,  277,  344. 

Stanesgate,  Essex,  48. 

Staple,  the,  52. 

Star  Chamber.  31. 


Starkey,  Thomas.  203.  133. 

Starky,  John,  126-7. 

Steelyard       ('  Stylyard '),       140, 

316. 
Stepney,  letters  dated  from,  56- 

7,  72-3.  79,  91.  124.  129.  145- 

6,    173,     191-3.    210,     212-4, 

255. 
Stevens,     Thomas,     Abbot     of 

Netley,  letter  to,  61. 
Stokesley,  John,  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don, 100  ».,  63,  217. 
Stompe,   Mr.,    Commissioner    in 

North  Wales,  letter  to  him  and 

Mr.  Gostwick,  166. 
Stourbridge  Fair,  in  Cambridge, 

106,  116.  129,  186,  206. 
Stourton     or     Sturton,    William 

Lord,  letter  to,  336. 
Straet,  Giles  van,  345. 
Stralsund,  Peace  of  (1370),  220. 
Strangeways, ('  Strangwissh '), 

18  (332). 
Strangways.  Sir  Giles,  letter  to 

him  and  four  others,  342. 
Strat      Margel     ('  Stradmarsell') 

Abbey,     in     Montgomeryshire, 

166.  ' 
Strete,    Richard,    Archdeacon   of 

Salop,  letters  to.  22,  43. 
Stubbs,  Maister,  16. 
Sturton,  Somerset,  342  (258). 
Sturvey  alias  Essex,  John.  Abbot 

of    St.     Austin's,     Canterbury, 

letter  to,  78. 
Stydolffe,   Anthony,   a   ward    of 

Cromwell,  49. 
Suavenius,  Peter,  Danish  Envoy  to 

England,  222. 
Subsidies,  Lay,  29,    185,  1,  177 

(44). 
Succession.  Act  of.  114;  the  new, 

1 20-1,  143,  71,  179. 
Suffolk,  Charles  Brandon,  Duke 

of,  18,  187-8,  192,  273,  1,  9. 

111.  182,  26O.   297,  349-5O ; 

letters  to,  42,  171. 
Suffolk,  county  of,  93. 
Sulyard,    Sir    William,   J.  P.    of 


INDEX 


Flintshire,  344;    letter  to  him 

and  Roger  Brereton,  277. 
Surrey.  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of, 

son  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  187. 
Surrey,  Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of, 

afterwards  Duke  of  Norfolk,  see 

Norfolk,  Duke  of. 
Susa  ('  Zuse  '),  a  town  of  Italy,  in 

the  Alps,  229  (104). 
Susanna,  348. 
Sussex,  Robert  Ratcliff,  Earl  of, 

i?3.  297. 

Sussex  monasteries,  168. 
Sutton,   Surrey,  letter  dated  at, 

194. 

Sutton  at  Hone,  Kent,  61  «. 
4  Swepestake/  a  ship  called  the, 

177-8. 

Swift,  Richard,  62,  2. 
Sydney,    Mr.,    see    Sidney,    Sir 

William. 
Sydynham,  Thomas,  Warden  of 

the  Grey  Friars  of  Greenwich, 

62. 
Symonds,   Robert,  of  Pershore, 

Worcestershire,  108. 

Talbot,  Sir  Gilbert,  letter  to  him 

and  John  Russell,  Esquire,  161. 
Tate,  Richard,  Ambassador  with 

the  Emperor,  294,  304,  309. 
Taunton,  Somerset,  67. 
Taverns  or  alehouses,  159  (28), 

266. 

Tempest,  Nicholas,  188-9. 
Tempest,  Sir  Thomas,  227. 
Temple  Dartford,  Kent,  61  n. 
Tenby,  Pembrokeshire,  19O. 
Terouenne  ('  Tyrouenne,'  '  The- 

rowenne '),  39, 193. 
Tewkesbury  Abbey,  letter  dated 

from,  111. 
Thadeus,  the  courier,  see  Bollc, 

Thadeus. 
Thames,  bear-baiting  on  the,  25, 

*55 ;  mock  fight  of  the  galleys 

before  the  King  (1539),  255  ».; 

breach    into    the    marshes    of 

Lesnes,  9. 


Thamworth. ,  priest  of  Bos- 
ton, letter  to  him  and  another 
priest  named  Markcby,  138. 

'  Therowenne,'  see  Terouenne. 

Thirleby,  Dr.  Thomas,  Ambas- 
sador in  France,  letter  to  Bishop 
Gardiner,  Sir  Francis  Brian  and 
him,  268. 

Thirske,  William,  Abbot  of  Foun- 
tains, Yorkshire,  64;  letter  to 
him  and  the  Abbot  of  Byland, 
69. 

Thisteldormont,  see  Castledermot. 

Thoby,  Essex,  48. 

Thomas,  Mr.  Hubertus,  Secretary 
to  the  Duke  of  Bavaria,  64. 

Thomeson,  Robert,  an  overseer 
in  the  works  at  Dover,  172. 

Thompson,  John.  Master  of  the 
Maison  Dieu  at  Dover,  172. 

Thornbury.  Gloucestershire,  letter 
dated  from,  113. 

Thorpe,  near  Chertsey,  Surrey.  12. 

Throgmorton,  Sir  George,  296, 
848. 

Throgmorton,  Michael,  203-7, 
174,  217;  his  letters  to  Crom- 
well, 206  ;  letters  to.  216,  218. 

Thuczenlant,  see  Germany. 

Thurston, ,  Cromwell's  cook, 

62. 

Thwaites,  ,  Bishop  Gardi- 
ner's servant,  130. 

Thwaytes,  Edward,  Cromwell's 
servant,  167. 

Thyxstyll.  King's  chaplain.  307. 

Tiptree,  Essex,  48. 

Tirrell,  Maister,  119. 

Toledo.  2io-i,  242,  806  ;  letters 
received  at,  289,  294,  3O4, 
306. 

Toles,  John,  merchant  of  London, 
281. 

Tonbridge,  Kent,  2. 

Tonneys,  Maister,  11. 

Torre, ,  imprisoned  in  Flan- 
ders, 338  (252). 

Tourney  (Toumai),  city  of,  34, 
39,  4»- 


INDEX 


353 


Tournon,  Francis  de,  Archbishop 

of  Bourges,  Cardinal,  216. 
Tower  of  London,  see  London. 
Townsend,  Robert,  Esquire,  246, 

267. 
Townsend,  Sir   Roger,  letter  to 

him  and  Sir  John  Heydon  246 ; 

letter  to  him  and  Mr.  Olverton, 

267. 
Transubstantiation,    162-3,   254> 

314  (226) ;  deniers  of,  see  Sacra- 

mentaries. 

Treffry,  Thomas,  103. 
Trewardreth,  Cornwall,  the  Prior 

of,  see  Collyns. 
Trinity,  ship  named  the,  of  Hull, 

48. 
Troyes,  Jean  de  Dinteville,  Bailly 

of,  French  Envoy,  226, 147, 149, 

151. 
Tudor,  House  of,  &c.,  77-8,  94, 

112,  125,  138,  140,  160,  196-7, 

209,  262,  309. 
Tuke,    Sir    Brian,    53,    177-8; 

letters  to,  152,  280,  289. 
Tunis,  225,  117,  121. 
Tunstall,    Cuthbert,    Bishop     of 

Durham,      President      of      the 

Council  of  the  North,  95,  200, 

242,  273,  217,  250,  297,  349- 

51;  letter  to  him  and  the  Council, 

227. 
Turkey,  Turks,  82,  86,  234,  237, 

240,  260,  18  (333),  21  (339), 

30,  238,  296,  299-300  (205), 

3O5-6,  309. 
Turner,  Robert,  16. 
Tykford,  Priory  of,  Bucks,  48. 
Tyllet,  Edmond,  117. 
Tyndale,  John,  100  n. 
Tyndale,    William,    52,   99-101, 

132,  240;  his  'Obedience  of  a 

Christian  Man,'  99 ;  his  '  Practise 

of  Prelates,'  100;  his  'Answer* 

to  Sir  Thomas  More,  100,  21. 
Tynedale,  Northumberland,  227. 
'  Tyrouen,'  set  Terouenne. 

Ughtred,  Sir  Anthony,  145,  7. 

MEKRIMAS.    II  A 


Ughtred,  Sir  Robert,  7. 
Urbino,     Francesco     Maria    da 
Rovere,    Duke   of,    K.G.,   286 

(I?/)- 
Urbino,  Guido  Ubaldo  da  Rovere, 

Duke  of,  243,  286(169,  171-3). 
Uses,  Statute  of,  136-8, 183. 
Uvedale,  John,  Secretary  to  the 

Council  of  the  North,  227. 

Vachell,  John,  letter  to  him  and 

Sergeant  Chalcott,  235. 
Valladolid  ('Valodd'),  in  Spain, 

189  (61). 
Vampage,  John,  letter  to  him  and 

others,  108. 
Vatican,  93. 
Vaughan,  Stephen,  52,  60,  63-4, 

85,  99-ior,  219,  251,  264,  1, 

36,    53,   276,   291   (182),    301 

(208),  307, 309;  letter  to  Thomas 

Cromwell,    73;   letters    to,    21, 

177-8,  811. 

Vauldray,  Monsieur  de,  189, 193. 
Vawdy  Abbey,  Lincolnshire,  state 

and   condition   of  (1533),   54; 

Henry,  Abbot  of,  64. 
Venice,  Venetians,   10,    18,   139, 

243,    30,    286     (170),    296-8 

(198),  309  (217-8). 
Venlo,  Treaty  of  (September  7, 

1543).  247  n. 
Verney,  John,  111. 
Vernon,    Margaret,    Prioress    of 

Little  Marlowe,  146. 
Villa   Franca,   near  Nice,   letter 

received  at,  265. 
Voysey  or  Veysey,  alias  Harmon, 

Bishop  of  Exeter,  155. 
Vuedale,  see  Uvedale. 

Wales,  29;;.,  122,  147;  borders  of, 
167  n.;  Royal  Commissioners 
for,  155;  reform  of,  155-6. 

Walgrave,  John,  346. 

Wallingford  Priory,  48,  6-8,  32. 

Wallop,  Sir  John  (' Valloup'),  92, 
I93»  23°.  282,  284,  288,  290, 
294-5  n.,  126,  128,  135,  156, 


354 


INDEX 


173,  316 ;  his  reported  abuse  of 

Cromwell,  1 7,  75-6,  92  ». ;  letter 

from  him  to  Henry  VIII,  300; 

letters  to,   US,  127,  136,  147, 

140,  151,  170,  174,  338,  84O. 
Walsh,  Richard,  Parson  of  Lough- 

seudie,  203. 

Wandsworth,  parish  of,  I. 
Warberg  ('  Werberge '),  in  Scania, 

the  castle  of,  177. 
Ware,  Hertfordshire,  52. 
Warham,  William,  Archbishop  of 

Canterbury,  3,  17,  95,  105,  46, 

68  (375). 

Warwick,  county  of,  36. 
Waterford,  Bishop  of,  see  Comin, 

Nicholas ;  Recorder  of, see  White, 

James;  Mayor,  Bailiffs,  &c.  of,  221. 
Waters,  Edward,  48,  319. 
Watson,  Edward,  76. 
Wayte.  William,  Proctor  of  the 

Charterhouse,  274. 
Webbe,  John.  171. 
Webley,  John,  Prior  of  Dudley, 

letter  to,  94. 
Webster,   Augustine,    Carthusian 

Prior,  1 1 6. 
Week  St.  Mary,  Cornwall  ('  saynct 

marye  wyke '),  237. 
Welbeck,  John,  of  Putney,  5. 
Wells,  Somersetshire,  176. 
Wellyfed,  Alice,  59. 
Wellyfed,  Christopher,  5,  53,  59. 
Wellyfed,  Elizabeth,  5,  55,  58, 6 1. 
Wi-llyfed,  William,  5,  58-9,  61. 
Wellyfed,  William,  the  younger,  59. 
Welsborne,  John,  Gentleman  of 

the  King's  Privy  Chamber,  34. 
Welsers,  306. 
Wenlock,  Shropshire,  Prior  and 

Convent  of,  letters  to,  72,  184 ; 

Prior  of,  see  Bayly,  John. 
Werberge,  see  Warberg. 
Wesley,  Richard,  214. 
Wrest,  Nicholas,   Bishop  of  Ely, 

letter  to,  40. 
Westchester,  see  Chester. 
Westminster,  39 ;    letters  dated 

from, 169, 186.227  239,261,336. 


Westminster  Abbey,  1 75. 

Westminster  Gardens,  25.  75. 

Westminster,  St.  James's  Palace  at, 
102,  272,  274  (bis) ;  letters  dated 
from,  14. 183,  223-4.  238.  24O- 
1,  246-7.  250-3,  257-8,  260, 
262-4.  312-4. 

Westmoreland,  county  of,  29  »., 
198, 188. 

Westmoreland,  Ralph  Nevill, 
Earl  of,  297  (193). 

Weston,  Sir  Francis,  147. 

Weston,  Sir  Richard,  under- 
treasurer  of  the  Exchequer,  67. 

Wettin,  the  House  of,  245. 

Wexford,  the  Sheriff  of,  letter  to, 
196. 

Weymouth,  Dorset,  letter  to  the 
Bailiffs  of,  48. 

Whalley  Abbey,  Lancashire,  1 73  ; 
Abbot  of,  see  Pasleu. 

Whalley,  Edmund,  Abbot  of 
York,  51. 

Whalley,  Hugh,  60. 

Whalley,  John,  letters  to,  144, 
160. 

Wharton,  Sir  Thomas,  Deputy 
Warden  of  the  West  Marches, 
Sheriff  of  Cumberland,  159,  200; 
letter  to,  330. 

Whelpeley,  George.  80. 

Whethel,  Lady  (Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Sir  Richard)  and  her  son,  192. 

Whethel,  Sir  Richard,  Mayor  of 
Calais  (1533-4),  55. 

Whitby.  Yorkshire,  316. 

Whitchurch,  Edward,  printer,  132. 

White.  James,  Recorder  of  Water- 
ford,  214. 

White  Rose,  adherents  of  the, 
209. 

Whitford,  Flintshire,  277,  344. 

Whitford,  Hugh,  277,  344. 

Whiting,  Richard,  Abbot  of 
Glastonbury,  175-6,  248  (131). 

Whityngham, Manor  of, Bucks,  1 1. 

'  Whofall,'  see  Wolfhall. 

Whorwood,  William,  Solicitor- 
General  (1535).  107. 


INDEX 


355 


Wigmore,  Abbot  of,  see  Smart. 
Wignacourt,  Escuyer  de,  Provost 

of  Mons,  251. 
Wilffprde,  William,  1. 
Wilkinson,  George,  62. 
Williams,  virgate  called,  6-7. 
Williams,    Elizabeth,    widow    of 

Thomas,  daughter  of  Sir  John 

Pryor,  12. 

\Villiams,  Herry,  32. 
Williams,  John,  lawyer,  5. 
Williams,  John,  letter  to  him  and 

others,  162. 

Williams,  Katherine,  wife  of  Mor- 
gan, sister  of  Thomas  Cromwell, 

5,  54,  58,  186  ». 
Williams,  Morgan,  of  Putney,  5, 

54,  i86». 
Williams,  Reginald,  of  the  West 

Country,  91. 
Williams,  Richard,  6. 
Williams  alias  Cromwell,  Richard, 

see  Cromwell,  Sir  Richard. 
Williams,  Thomas,  12. 
Williams,  Walter,  59-60. 
Williamson,  Joan,  55,  58,  60. 
Williamson,  Joan  the  younger,  59. 
Williamson,  John,  55,  58-60  «., 

63,  142,  177. 
Wilson,  Dr.  Nicholas,  Chaplain  to 

the    King,    206-7,    292»    %LQ', 

letter  to  him  and  Nicholas  Heath, 

217. 

Wiltshire  monasteries,  166. 
Wiltshire,   Sir  Thomas    Boleyn, 

Earl  of,  Treasurer  of  the  King's 

Household,  72,  93, 18  (133),  SO, 

251 ;   letter  to,  6. 
Wimbledon,  extent  of  the  Manor 

of,  i ;  Court  Rolls  of,  1-8. 
Wimbledon,  parish  of,  1-4,  7. 
Winchcomb,   letter   dated   from, 

110. 
Winchcomb,  Abbot  of,  see  Kyder- 

minstre,  Richard. 
Winchester,   letters   dated  from, 

118-21. 

Winchester,  Bishop  of,  see  Gardi- 
ner. 


Winchester.  Bishopric  of,  68,  72- 
4,  18;  Winchester  House,  see 
under  London  ;  White  Friars  of, 
177;  Chancellor  of  the  diocese 
of,  10. 

Windsor,  191,  196;  letters  dated 
from,  164-8,  199-201,  207-8. 

Wingfield,  Sir  Robert,  84,  209. 

Wingfield,  Thomas,  comptroller 
of  the  works  at  Dover,  144; 
letter  to,  172. 

Wisbech,  Cambridgeshire,  141. 

Wise,  William,  of  Waterford,  214. 

Witherington,  Sir  John,  200. 

Wittelsbach  family,  267,  269,  271. 

Wittenberg  ('  Witteberg '),  in  Sax- 
ony, 307. 

Wittenberg  theologians,  220. 

'  Wittenberge,'  Duke  of,  see  Wttr- 
temberg. 

Witwang,  the  Prebend  of,  18 (3  2  2). 

Woburn,  Abbot  of,  see  Hobbes. 

Wode  or  Wolde,  William,  Prior 
of  Bridlington,  189. 

Woking  ('  Oking '),  Surrey,  193 ; 
letter  dated  from,  168. 

Wolf,  Robert,  Bailiff,  letter  to,  81. 

W[olfe],  Reyner,  800. 

Wolff,  Sir  William,  clerk,  81. 

Wolfhall  ('Wolfall,'  'Whofall'), 
Wiltshire,  the  seat  of  the  Sey- 
mours, letters  dated  from,  116-7. 

Wolsey,  Thomas,  Archbishop  of 
York,  Cardinal,  12-5,  17-8,  25, 

27-3°.  35.  S8,  42,  47.  54.  75-8, 
83,  86,  88-91,  93, 103, 129, 135, 
140,  147,  152,  155,  165,  179, 
203,  218,  229,  271,  285,  308, 
3,  7,  9, 11 ;  his  plan  to  suppress 
the  smaller  monasteries,  48-52 ; 
his  disgrace,  64-75  >  his  foreign 
policy,  77.  79-81,  213-4,  231; 
letters  to,  6,  8, 13-9. 

Woodall,  Maister,  1. 

Wool-trade,  138,  140, 181. 

Worcester,  the  Bailiffs  of  the  city 
of,  letter  to,  270. 

Worcester,  Bishop  of,  see  Latimer, 
Hugh. 


.Tifi 


INDEX 


Worcester,  IJishopric  of,  118. 

Worcester  Market,  117. 

Worcestershire,  109,  290. 

Worme,  Percival,  a  murderer.  77. 

Wotton,  Nicholas,  Ambassador  to 
the  Duke  of  Cleves,  250,  261-2, 
295,  300,  309,  349,  350; 
letters  to,  323-4 ;  letter  to  Dr. 
Hughes,  Stephen  Vaughan  and 
him,  311. 

Wounds  of  Christ,  the  five,  184, 
210. 

Wriothesley,  Sir  Thomas  ('  Wry- 
thesley,' '  Wrysley '),  Ambassador 
in  the  Netherlands,  210,  251, 
256,  28,  159,  276,  293  (184), 
294,  296-8  (198);  letters  to, 
291,  301. 

Wullenwever,  George.  221. 

Wiirtemberg.Ulrich,  Duke  of,  127. 

Wyatt,  Sir  Thomas,  211,  236, 
242,  281-4,  240,  265,  291,  296 
(188),  301,  309,  338,  343; 
letters  to,  189,  193,  213,  222-4. 
229,  234,  238-9,  241,  244. 
250,  253,  257,  261,  276,  281. 
285,  289,  294,  204,  306. 

Wyke  Nunnery,  Essex,  7. 

Wyke  SL  Mary,  see  Week. 

Wykys,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Thomas 
Cromwell,  see  Cromwell,  Eliza- 
beth. 

Wykys,  Harry,  of  Thorpe,  near 
Chertsey,  12. 

Wykys,  Joan,  see  Williamson, 
Joan. 

Wylkynson,  see  Wilkinson. 

Wyllyams,  see  Williams. 


Wyndham,  Sir  Edmund,  303. 
Wyndham,  Thomas,  321. 
Wyngfield,  see  Wingfield. 
Wynter,  John,  of  Bristo!,19p,  319. 
Wynter,  Roger,  letter  to  him  and 
others,  108. 

Yafford,  East,  Yorkshire,  Manor 
beside,  88. 

Yarmouth  Cell.  Norfolk,  168  n. 

Yelverton,  William,  see  Olverton. 

York,  193;  Abbot  and  Convent 
of  St.  Mary's  in,  51,  9. 

York,  Archbishop  of,  see  Lee,  Ed- 
ward, and  Wolsey;  Mayor  of, 
see  Harrington. 

York,  Archbishopric  of,  203,  13, 
18 ;  Convocation  of,  95 ;  Parlia- 
ment at,  looked  for,  175;  the 
Treasurership  of,  14. 

York  House,  York  Place,  see 
under  London. 

Yorkist  dynasty,  208;  nobles, 
209. 

Yorkshire,  188-90, 192,  196, 198, 
210,  3,  7-8,  18,  69,  77;  East 
Riding  of,  194. 

Yorkshire,  the  Sheriff  of,  see 
Constable,  Sir  John. 

Yorkshire  rebels  of  1536,  song 
written  for  the,  181-2. 

Yrishe,  see  Irish. 

Zealand  (« Selant'),  273,  74,  293, 
310  (221). 
'  Zuse,'  see  Susa. 
Zutphen,  247  n. 


Oxford :  Printed  at  the  Clarendon  Press,  by  HORACE  HART,  M. A. 


Life  and  letters  of