II
El libris W. P. M. KENNEDY
*
LIFE AND LETTERS OF
THOMAS CROMWELL
BY
ROGER BIGELOW MERRIMAN
A.M. H.VKV. . B.LiTT. Oxo.v.
WITH A PORTRAIT AND FACSIMILE
VOL. II
LETTERS FROM 1536, NOTES, INDEX
OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1902
DEC 2 1941
HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
rOUSHER TO THE CXIVERSTTY OP OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NSW YORK
CONTENTS
VOLUME I
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE ANCESTRY AND EARLY LIFE OF THOMAS
CROMWELL . i
APPENDIX. PASSAGES FROM CHAPUYS, POLE,
BANDELLO, AND FOXE . . . . 17
II. THE PARLIAMENT OF 1523 .... 27
III. WOLSEY'S SERVANT 47
APPENDIX. THE WILL OF THOMAS CROM-
WELL 56
IV. THE FALL OF THE CARDINAL ... 64
V. THE CHARACTER AND OPPORTUNITY OF
THOMAS CROMWELL 77
VI. IN THE KING'S SERVICE . . 89
APPENDIX. .THE SUPPLICATION OF THE
COMMONS AGAINST THE ORDINARIES . . 104
VII. . INTERNAL POLICY . . . . . .112
VIII. IRELAND, WALES, SCOTLAND, CALAIS . .147
IX. THE MONASTERIES 165
X. THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE, 1536 . . .180
XI. CARDINAL POLE 202
XII. THE FOREIGN POLICY 213
XIII. THE CATHOLIC REACTION AND THE AL-
LIANCE WITH CLEVES 242
APPENDIX. REPORTS OF THE LUTHERAN
AMBASSADORS TO ENGLAND IN 1539 AND
1540 272
iv CONTKNTS
CHAPTER PAGE
XIV. THE FALL OF THOMAS CROMWELL . .281
APPENDIX. PASSAGES FROM FOXE: CROM-
WELL'S SPEECH AND PRAYER ON THE
SCAFFOLD 303
XV. THE WORK OF THOMAS CROMWELL . . 305
PREFATORY NOTE TO CROMWELL'S LETTERS
CROMWELL'S LETTERS : 15*3-3°
1531
1532
1533
1534
••
1535
VOLUME II
CROMWELL'S LETTERS : 1536 ..... i
J537 .... 50
1539 • 166
„ 1540 . 244
AN ITINERARY OF THOMAS CROMWELL, 1523-40 . 279
A LIST OF THE MINOR PREFERMENTS OF THOMAS
CROMWELL, AND A DESCRIPTION OF HIS ARMS
AND CREST ........ 283
NOTES TO LETTERS ....... 285
LIST OF AUTHORITIES ...... 313
INDEX .......... 319
ILLUSTRATIONS
PORTRAIT OF THOMAS CROMWELL . Frontispiece to vol. i
FACSIMILE OF A LETTER FROM THOMAS CROMWELL
TO LORD LISLE, AUG. 30, 1538 . Frontispiece to vol. ii
LETTERS
135. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 118 ; Cal. x. 16. Jan. 3 (1536).
The bearer will give him the King's answer to his letter of Dec. 25.
Requests him to labour for the delivery of the ships at Bordeaux.
Promises to pay Peter Lark.
Aftre my moost harty co;/;mendac/bns by this berer
Mr. Walloppes seruaunt your lordshippe shall receyvc the
kingrj highnes answer to your \ettcrzs writen to me the xxvth
of the last moneth, the contents wherof I doubt not but
youe wil w/t// suche dexteritie setfurth as ye may obteyne
present delyuerance of the shippes deteyned at burdeulx
whiche his grace moche desireth, and hath in that matier
more relented thenne he was determyned, as by the said
\etteres ye shal p^rceyve. To morowe I shall not fayle to paye
your scruaunt peter lark money to be conveyed vnto youc,
according to your request and desire. And thus for this
tyme moost hartely fare youe well. From Eltham the third
of January
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good lorde My lord of Winchestre
the k'mges Ambassadowr in fraunce.
Endd. From Eltham thridde of Janua[ry]. Mr. Secret-
[ary].
136. CROMWELL TO GARDINER AND WALLOP.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 126 ; Cal. x. 54. Jan. 8 (1536).
Requests them to use caution in communicating the news of Katherine's
death to Francis. In the postscript, written at the King's command,
they are further urged to be less cordial to the French King in view
of the probability of a reconciliation of England and Spain.
Aftre my moost harty cowmendac/ons to your Lordship
and in like maner to youe Maister Wallop, being here nowe
at london, and having receyved k/teres of the departure
yesterdaye of the princesse douagier whose soule god pardon,
MERKIMAN. II B
DA
2 LETTERS OF [1536
to thintcnt ye may aswell declare the same to the frenche
king if ye haue occasion to speake vtit/t him befor ye shall
receyve any other 1/7/fcrcs. As knowing the state here vse
yourself theraftre in your preceding*-* I thought I could no
lesse doo, thennc iwmediatly adu/rtise youc of the same,
whiche vppon this myn adurrtisement ye maye be bold, being
the same certainly true, to speake as ye shall hauc cause and
thinkc convenient for the advauncement of the kingr s highnes
affares temp/ring yowr doings there in suche matiers as ye haue
nowe in treatie, by the same, as by your wiscdomes ye shall
thinke may best srrue for the kinge highnes pwrpose in that
behaulf. And thus in hast moost hartely fare you well from
the Roulles the viii"1 of January at night.
Yo//r lordshippis and yo«r
assuryd frend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Post scripta The binges highnes hauing seen this letttre
willed me for your more ample instruction to wryte vnto you
somwhat at more length. Albeit his highnes doubtcth not your
wisedom to be suche as w/t^out long \etteres can facyllic con-
ceyue what may best conduce to thadu<?»nccmcnt of his
affayrees yet his highnes thought good somwhat to adiurtise
you of his gracious pleasure in this parte which is that con-
sidering vppon the Deth now of the saide lady Douagier where-
by themp^rottr hauing none other cause or querele to the kings;
highnes will of grete lightlywod by all weyes and meancs seke
for the kings; highnes amytie being the onelie maticr of the
vnkyndenes betwixt them now abolisshed by the Deth of the
saide lady, Ye therefore in your conference and procedyngs;
wfW the frensh kyng and his counsaile shall not onelie kepe
yowrselffV; the more aloof and be the more Froyt and colde
in rclentyng to any their ousrtures or requests, but also by
suche polycies as by yowr discrete wisedomes shall seme most
expedient to set fourth this matier. So as it may apperc vnto
them what Fruyte the kinge highnes may now haue at
themp<-ro»rs hand if he woll, who now ye may sey will offer
aswell ^ret pleasures and benefits to the kings; highnes to
atteyn amytie as he did vnto them domynyons or possessions
Sayeng vnto thadmyrall it shalbe good for them if they wil
com to any conformytie in this treatie to accelerate the same
before the kyngs; highnes be ousrmoche sought or pressed by
themperour. Which maticr being handeled and proponed by
you after such sorte and wit// such other reasons and argu-
ments as the kyngrr highnes doubteth not ye right wisely
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 3
can shalbe a meane to cause them the more facilly to com to
such poynt as shalbe agreable to the kingrj highnes expecta-
cion and the better conducing of his grac[i]ous affairees.
Add. To myn assured Freend^ My lord of Winchestre
and sir John Wallop knight the kingcs highnes Ambassadors
in fraunce.
Etidd. From the Roulles the viiith of Januarye. Mr. Secre-
tarye.
137. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 137; Cal. x. 255. Feb. 4 (1536).
Sends by the bearer the King's answer to his last letter. Requests him
to report his action on it. Proffers of service, and private com-
munications.
Aftre my moost harty co;;/mendaabns to your lordship ye
shal by this berer receyve the kinges highnes letferes answer-
ing to yours sent by Maister Brian And \\ith the same certain
copies conteyning aswel my lorde of Herfordrj procedingcs
in Germany as thaffections of the princes there towards the
kinges highnes the frenche king, the bisshop of Rome, the
Counsail and otherwise, whiche as his maiestie thought con-
venient to coMHMMMCStC vnto youe, vtith desire and request to
haue the same vsed and setfurthe in suche a temperature, as
by your wisedome ye shall thinke may conduce to thadvaunce-
ment of his affayres there. Soo his pleasure is ye shall in
yo;/r next k//rres signifie what ye shall doo therm, and what
your opinion is touching eMry parte of the same. Other
rehersal I omytt to make any vnto youe, his highnes \efteres
conteyning in al things right ample matier, in eflfecte neurr-
theles tending to the wynnyng of tyme without cuwmyng yet
to any pt'rfite conclusion. And therfor signifieng for the rest
only vnto youe that his Maiestie is mery and in perftte health
our Lorde be thanked and that for my parte I shal be gladde
to doo youe here no lesse pleasure thenne I canne deuise may
be for your co/wmoditie, and the good acceptac/on of your
s^ruice whiche is aswel taken, as it is indede worthie I pray
god to sende youe no worse to Fare thenne I wold wishe
myself. From the Roulles the iiii"1 of Februarye
Concernyng your private \cttcrts directed vnto me touchyng
wood myll, and the pulling vpp of certain poster etc. I doubt
not but your lordshipp knowing what good is like to ensue to
the comunewealth by the pulling vp of the said myll, wilbe
as gladde therof as I haue been for that only respecte to
further the doing of it, and as touching the saide postes I shal
4 LETTERS OF [1536
further enquire of them, and take suche ordre touching the
same, as shalbe I trust to your good satisfaction in that behaulf
"Your lordshippis louyng assuryd Frcnd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray good lorde my lord of Winchestre the
•.>• highncs Ambassado/sr in the Courte of Fraunce.
Endd. From the Roulles the iiiilh of February Mr. Secre-
tary
138. CROMWELL TO THAMWORTH AND MARKEBY, PRIESTS.
R. O. Cal. x. 334. Feb. 21 < 1 536).
Summons them to London to make answer to an accusation of forgery
made against them by Richard Gooding.
Forasmoche as it is in complaynte afore me that ye have
hcynously transgressed the lawe offendid the commen wcalc
and greatlie hindrcd the compleynaunte whose name is
Richard Goodyng by forgyng of a will the immanytie of the
whiche offence so aggrifithe the goodnes of god and the
conscience of all honeste men that be ye sure if ye be with
this faute Lawfully charged ye cannot scape inpunysshed, and
if ye be not then I wolde youre honcstie were defended for
this cause I will I saye that vpon the sighte of this my L YA-rc
yc haste hcther to London to make suchc aunswere in this
cause as truythe and honestie biddith you. At London the
xxi"1 daye of February.
Yowr Freend THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To Thamworth and Markeby Prestis and to either
of theym At Bostone
>. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 249; not in Cal. Feb. 25-26 (1536).
i • irJiner is to return to England after forwarding certain letters to Pate,
the ambassador with the Emperor. Description of an interview
between the King and the French ambassador.
My veray good lorde aftre my moost harty cowmendac/ons
wit// like thankrj for yowr sundry gentle aduertisemcnt^j, ye
shall herw/tA aswel rcceyve the king« highnes answer to your
last \ettsres vppon the declaration of the contentes wherof
(whiche his Maiestic doubtcth not but ye wil wit// suche
dexteritie setfurth, as ye shal neither omytt anything thcrin
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 5
comprised, ne yet soo moche irritate the frenche king as shuld
interrupte their amyties) ye be appointed at your libertie and
ease to retume, As also a paquet of W/rres nowe addressed
from his grace to Maister pate his Ambassador \vtt/t them-
perour whiche as his Maiestie thought more expedient for
diuerse respecter to haue conveyed by your handes, thenne
directly from hens by a spec/al messanger, soo his pleasure
and desire is ye shal aswel saufly and spedilyc cause them by
some sure post to be conveyed to Rome, soo as they maye be
there immediately vppon themprrowrs cuwmyng though ye
shuld rather thenne to fayle of sure conveyaunce dispechc
a special post thither only for that purpose, by this berer we
haue dispeched all things necessary, that is to saye, ordre is
taken that this daye peter lark shall receyve CH towards your
post money defrayd and your costes in your returne and
doubt youe not but at your cuw/myng home suche accompt
shalbe made \\iih youe as ye shall haue cause to be contented.
Nowe I shall commence a priuate sute vnto you wherin if ye
wil of your goodnes graunte graunte l my desire as my trust
is ye will, ye shall not only doo therin I thinke veraylie a veray
good turne but likewise to me in the same administre suche
grate and thankfull pleasure as I shal be glad to recompense
to your lordshippe if occasion may therunto srriie. the
matier is no more but that it wil like youe for my sake to
accept this berer Salisbury again into your sluice whom
I haue dispeched only for that purpose, he may yet prove
liable to s^rue you And thus most hartely fare ye wel from
the Rollrj the xxvth of february.
"Your lordshippis assuryd freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
In cipher.
I wold your lordship had this day hard the kings grace
handle the ambassador of fraunce he made suche repetycion
of hys graces most frendly overtures and procedynges towardes
them and of their unfr(e)ndely facyons towardes him that he
had no worde to speake in whiche treaty e he forgat not to
rcmembre how both when pomeray was here and when
thadmyral was her(e) he offred them to joyne in leage bothe
offensyve and defensyve whyche they then refused and therfor
seyng they be nowe entred as we be instructed into the warre
and seke only uppon hym for theyr ouun commodytyc as they
have ever don in al thcyr doyngs they must he sayd be
1 sic.
<; LETTERS OF fi ;,/>
contcntc to suflrc him to refuse that which when he myght and
offred they wold not and now they wold wyth his honor
he cannot the ambassador wold faync as (i)t appercd by his
comunycacyon have had his hyghnes graunte to some con-
trybucyon but beyng as is sayd answered by ad otnnia qnarc
he departed wyth as lytle hope as he had reason to allcagc for
his party which was nothyng at alle and in cace the French
king shuldc seme to take your departure dyspleasauntly re
pcnitns infccta that yc cam for the kings grace trustcth ye
wyl bothe by the allegacion of the sayd refusals by pomeray
and thadmyral and with suche other reasons as ye shal by
your wysdom devise so paynt them before theyr eyes hou
abusyng frendship and seaking for theyr oune comodityes they
have enforced the kings grace t(o) refuse to condescend hcrin
to theyr desyre as they may perceyve and see theyr ounc foly
and be by reason overcom and be compelled to grauntc in
theyr stomachcs that they hauc but theyr oune deserving
qualificng neverthcles this and al other thinges as ye shal by
your wysedome thinke expedyent the twenty and syxte day
of februaryy.
Add. [To my loving] lord my lord of Winchestre the
king^j Ambassador in Fraunce
Endd. From the Roulles the xxv of February Mr. Secre-
tary
140. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. x. 405. Mar. 3 < 1 536).
Desiring him to sign a letter of protection for a merchant.
After my right harty co;/imendacion vnto yo«r good lord-
ship, thiese be to desire you to send vnto me a bill signed
\\7t4yowr hand fora protecc ion for a pore marchaunt straunger.
according as I haue caused it to be writen and sent vnto your
lordship herin closed, the whiche I pray you to remyt and
send agayne vnder yowr signe and scale in your accustumed
maner. Wherby I assure you, ye shall do a meritorious and
very good dede, as god knowitA who presrrue yowr lordship.
At my house in london the third day of Marche.
"Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWF.I
Add. To my very good lord the Vicount lisley the
deputie in Calays.
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL
141. (CROMWELL) TO
R. O. Cal. x. 61 7 (i). Apr. 3 < 1 536).
The King approves of his conduct in inquiring into the guilt of ' my ladye
Katherynes preest.' Requests him to bring up with him everything
that is worth the carriage.
I commend me vnto yow and haue Resayuyd your \ettert
datyd at Carew the xxvith daye of marche by the which I
haue well p^rsayuyd your dylygens and good polycye vsyd
in the Inserching the vntrewthe of my ladye Katherynes preest
which as I p^rsayue hadde Conveyed suche plate evydens and
other things Conteynyd in your Ictteres which \ettero. I
shewed vnto the kyng^j highnes who for your dylygens good
polycye and good acquytall in that behalf yeuythe yow right
gret prayse and also allowyth your dedes and his gracyous
pleasure ys that ye callyng to you soche dyscret and woor-
shypffull (persons) as ye shall thinke most mete for that
purpose shall Cause the sayd prest to be Straytlye examenyd
of such other things as he hath consaylyd and Causyd to
be Inbeselyd and after examinacyon to put hym to Sewrtye
to appere before the kinges Cownsayle (to) answer to suche
things as shalbe Ferther on the kynges behalf layde unto his
charge and as to all suche Stuffe as ye shall thinke in any wyse
mete to be Caryed leue hit not in no wyse behynd yow but
Cause hit to be browght vpp yf ye Suppose yt may be worthe
the Caryage and yf not then to make the most therof ye Can.
I also hersay that ye do lake of the nombre of your Shepe.
I praye yow make Dylygent Inquyrye for them and of all
other things that ye shall Supposse to Be Inbesyled or Con-
syled1 and know who hathe bene the doers or maynteners
therof, and in Any wyse deuyse ye that the things may be
browght hether Surlye and so trussyd as they do take non
moystoyr nor other harme and specyallye haue ye good ^ye
to the evydens plate and pryncypall Howsholde Stuffe and I
trust at your Retorne ye shalnot Repent your lorneye. and
for your paynes and trewth takyn in this lorney I hertelye
thankc yow on my parte and thus as shortlye as ye Co«-
venyentlye may hauyng Resspect allway that all thing may be
Substancyallye done and fynysshyd I trust ye wyll repayre
homeward, wherof I woolde be gladde but in any wyse pray
yow examen* well the pr^ste, and thus Fare well at London
the thyrd daye of Aprell
1 c. 0. in any manir of wyse
8 11 'IT MRS OF [i
142. (CROMXVI 1 1 > TO MR. CRANK.
R. O. Cal. x. 61 7 (ii). Apr. 3 < 1 536).
Explains that the report that Cromwell has let to farm the Port tythe is
untrue.
Maistcr Crane I hcrtclye Commend me vnto you and whcras
I persayue by Mr. RatclyfT & Mr. Gage that ye haue aledgyd
that I hauc Ictten to Fcrme the port tythe Syr I assure (you)
that ys not So but undowtydlye before this tyme hcnryc
lodge offeryd to paye the half yeres Rent dew at our ladye
dayc which last for the sayd porte tythe my man Wyll/V»m-
Rcsayuyd I being at the Courte and when I Cam whomc
shcwyd me therof, and delywred me acquytance which I Sub-
scrybyd but to Saye that I haue made any man^r primes
thcrin to henry lodge or any other I assure yow l I hauc
not ne wyll not doo, and this hcrtclye fare ye well at London
the iiirt daye of Apryll
143. CROMWELL TO (SiR PIERS BUTTON, SHERIFF OF
CHESHIRE).
R. O. Cal. x. 618. Apr. 3, 1536.
Requires him to arrest or attach the goods of John Ofleley, who has
wrongly withheld .£104 from Cromwell's friend Edmund Rous.
In my right harty maner I cow/mend me vnto you, and
where I am Crediblye enformed the ooiv John Offeley Aboutc
the space of ayerc paste reccyued at Calais of oon^ Humfrey
Lightfote thenne factor vnto A frende of myne named
Edmond Rous ciiii It to be delyuered over vnto the said
Edmondc here in London whiche Som of ciiii li the said
Offeleye contrary to the truste and confidence that he was
put in as yete hath not made Dclir/rry of but imploiethe &
cotfuertcth the same vnto his owne vse to the greate hurte &
hindertfimce of my said frende. Beynge nowe adurrtysed
that the said Ofley hathc nvrch<wndyes wares & good^j at
this present tyme w/t//in the Town of Westechest/r and other
places adyoynynge w/t//in the lymtte of yowr office and that
the same Ofeley hathe also prrsonall recorse thether I requyrc
you and in the kyng^j name will and commaundc you that
for redresse to be had of the said detestable wronge &
due rcsty tut/on to be made unto the said Edmond Rous of
his said mony dishonestly and vntrewly kepte from hym by
the said Ofleley accordynge to Justice and equite you do im-
mediatelyc after the sight of these my \tt feres attache &
arreste the psrsonc of the sayd Offclcy and oonlcs the same
Offeley shall iwcontinentc thcrvpon without delay restore
1 f o. yt ys vntrew
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 9
vnto the said Edmo«d his said mony w/t// his resonablc
damages & cxpcnccs sustayned by his vntrewe delynge or
othenvyse cowpownde wythe the said Edmond to kepe the
same Offeley in yo//r salve custodye and to convay hym
hyther to london so shortly as you shall cowvenyentlye may
personally to answerc before me & others of the Icings honor-
able Covnsayll wherfore he ought not so to do. And if you
shall not can apprehend the prrsone of the said Offeley than
to arreste his said Good^j and to put the same vndre your
salve custody vntyll the said Offeley shall outhcr fully restore
vnto my said frend his said Mony or otherwise gyue suffi-
cyente cavtion to answere hym in the same accordynge to
the due ordre of the lawc Shewynge sutche erneste harty
diligence herein as my said frende may by yo//r polycye &
frendeshipp for my sake to be extended vnto hym be co«-
veycd to his said debt without farther Svtes or delayes if by
any honcste meane you shall so can compase the same. And
I shall thflunkefully remewbre your doynge herein at my
desyre in case you shall make requeste vnto me at any tyme
hereafter. And thus fare you well. From my howse at the
Rolles the iiide day of Aprill 1.536.
Endd. Copy from Mr. Crumwcll.
144. CROMWELL TO JOHN WH ALLEY.
R. O. Cal. x. 649. Apr. II, 1536.
The King desires him to admit Thomas Wingfield to the post of comp-
troller of the works at Dover with suitable wages.
'Copye of suche another sent by Mr. Secretary the uth of
Aprill 1536.'
I comend me vnto you. thisc shalbe to advertise you that
the kingfj pleasure and co;«maundement is that Thomas
Wyngfeld shalbe Comptroller of his highnes workvj at Dovorr
wit// suche wag^j and Fees as shalbe convenyent for the same.
Wherfore I requyre you furthewit// vppon the sight herof so
to admyt and accept hym. Yeldyng and paiyng vnto hym
by the day for his wages, to be paid wekely at his pleasure
not doubtyng but he will vse and behaue hymsclf in the
execucyon of that rome accordyng to the trust and expec-
tac/on that the kynge s highnes hath in hym. This Fare ye
well at the Roller the xith day of Aprell.
Yowr Freend THOMAS
CRUMWELL.
Add. To my frynd John Whalley be this yoven
Endd. Copye of a Ictiere from Mr. Secretary
Mr. Wyngfeld
10 ITERS OF [i
145. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 260; not in Cal. Apr. 24 (1536).
The King desires more explicit information on the topic spoken of in
Gardiner's last letters before he makes a definite answer. Has paid
Peter Lark /zoo. Requests Gardiner to consider the overtures
made to the King by Chapuys. Gardiner may detain the bearer, who
is carrying letters to the King's ambassador in Spain, if he desires to
send any word to the King.
Aftre my right harty cowmendacions yowr lordship shall
herwith reccyvc the kingly highnes \ettcres answering only to
the post scripta of yours by Thadeus lately addressed vnto
him. the matier wherof for the sodayncs of it and the in-
certaintie of the conditions hath perplexed his Maiestie that
before he wil make any other answer to thcffccte of yo//r said
lr//rres his grace wil knowe the veraye certaintic whither any
suchc thing be dctermyncd or noo. And therfor it shalbc wcl
doon that ye accelerate yowr answer thcrin asmoche as yc
maye wit// suche other occurrant/'j as shal chaunce in the
meane tyme. I haue delyurred vnto yowr seruaunt peter
Larke cdl l and shal I trust see you from tymc to tyme suffi-
ciently furnished during yowr abode and contynuancc there.
I haue in another priuate U*//rrc made a request vnto youe
the accomplishement wherof I haue cuen as moche to hartc
as a thyng of that cstimacion cannc be worthc. I require
your lordship that by the next post I may prrccyve yowr
rcsoluc/on thcrin according to my desire. Ye shal also in the
kingfj highnes 1/V/rrcs prrccyve certain Overtures lately made
vnto his grace by themp<*rowrs Ambassadowr here resident,
on Themprrowrs bchaulf, theffecte wherof wit// the kingrj
pleasure touching the same I doubt not but yowr wisedom
wil considre accordinglye And Thus Fare youc most hartcly
well From Stepnaye the xxiiii01 of April
Yowr lordshippis assuryd frccnd
THOMAS CRI'MWKLL.
Post scripta yowr lordship shal vndrestande that this bcrer
is nowe dispechcd w/'t// \etttres to the King« Ambassadowr
witA themprrowr concernyng the said Overtures, and his
Majesties answers to the same, w/W his pleasure howe he
shal vsc himself in the advauncement of them, if yowr lord-
ship vppon the reading of the King^j \etteres nowe addressed
vnto youc, shall gather any special matier worthic, his aduer-
tiscmcnt or haue ellrj decreed to write for any other pwrpose
'i.e. 200 pounds.
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 11
vnto hym, ye maye deteyne the currowr tyl ye haue written
your letteres albeit bicause his Message requirethe some hast
I require you in that cace to dispeche him as spedely as ye
canne. And thus eftsones most hartely Fare youe wel. From
Stepnaye etc.
Add. To my veray good lorde my lorde of Winchestre the
K'mges Ambassador in Fraunce
Endd. From Stepnaye the xxiiiith of April Mr Secretary.
\
146. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 350; Cal. x. 761. Apr. 30 (1536).
Informs him that the King's answer to the overtures of France are sent
at the same time. Reports the arrival of Gardiner's servant. Sends
cramp rings for Gardiner's friends in France.
Aftre my right harty cowmendac/ons to your lordship
The same shall herwz't// receyve the Icings highncs L^//^res
conteyning certain overtures made here By the frenche Am-
bassador w/tA his graces answers to the same, and his further
pleasure howe ye shal precede there, whiche I doubt not but
ye wil accomplishe as shal appertayn. on Fridaye arryved
here your seruaunt Massye w*t^ your 'Letteres in Ciphre
wherunto if anything shalbe answered ye shal haue it by the
next post. I sende your lordship certain certain l Crampe
ringer to be bestowed there amongr^ your Freendes. And
thus moost hartely Fare youe well From Stepnaye the last
of April
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray good lord my lord of Winchestre the
Kingcs Ambassador in Fraunce.
Endd. From Stepnaye the last of April Mr Secretary
147. CROMWELL TO GARDINER AND WALLOP.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 160; Cal. x. 873. May 14 (1536).
Informs them of the arrest of Anne Boleyn, and of the conspiracy against
the King's life which has been disclosed. Gardiner will receive £200
and Wallop will not be forgotten. Cf. Letters 149, 153, and 156.
Aftre my right harty cowmendacj'ons, Albeit ye shall at this
tyme receyve non answer to your let feres sent by Salisbury
1 su.
12 1 1 TTERS OF [1536
being the same diflerred tyl thanyval of the baylie of Troys,
Yet the kingtt highnes thought convenient that I shuld adu^r-
you of a chaunce, as most detestably and abhomynably
deuised contryved ymagined doon and contynucd, soo most
happely and graciously by thordenawncc of god reueled mani-
fested and notoriously knowcn to all men. Wherof though
ye haue harde I doubt not the rumowr, yet I shal expressc
vnto youe some pane of the cuwmyng out, and of the kin_,v.f
preceding in the same. The qucnes abhomynaobn both in
incontyncnt lyving, and other offcncts towards the kingrr
highnes was so rank and cowmen, that her ladyes of her privy
chambrc. and her chambcrers could not conteyne it w/tAin
their brestes, But detesting the same had soo often cotnniuni-
cations and conference of it that at the last it cam soo plainly
to the cares of some of his gracrj counsail that w/t// their
dicutye to his Maicstie they could not concele it from him,
but \\i\.h greate fcarc, as the cacc enforced declared what they
harde vnto his highnes Wherupon in most secret sorte certain
rvrsonncs of the privye chambrc and others of her side were
cxamyncd, in whiche examynac/bns the maticr appered soo
evident, that beside that cryme, w/t// the accidents, there
brake out a certain conspiracye of the kingrj deathe. whiche
extended soo farre that all we that had thexamynac/on of
it quaked at the daunger his grace was in, and on our knees
gave him laude and prayse that he had p/rscrucd him soo
long from it, and nowe manifested the most wretched and
detestable determynac/bn of the same, thus were certain
men ow/myttcd to the towre for this cause, that is Markrj &
Norres, and her brother thenne was she apprehended, and
conveyed to the same place, aftre her was sent thither for
the crymes specefied, S/'r Frauncrj Weston and Will/Vim
Brereton. And Norres Weston Brereton and Mark^j be
already cowdcmpncd to deathe, vppon arrayncmcnt in West-
mtMS/fr hal on Friday last. She and her brother shalbe
arayncd tomorowe, and wil vndoubtcdlie goo the same wayc.
I write noo particularities, the things be soo abhomynable,
that I thinke the like was neuer harde, and therfor I doubt
not but this shalbe sufficient for your Instruction to declare
the truth if ye haue occasion soo to doo. Yowr lordship shall
get in cc11 of the Illcl that were out amongfs thise men, not-
withstanding grcatc sutc hath been made for the hole, whiche
though the king^f highnes might give in this cace yet his
maiestie doth not forget yowr s/vuicc. And the third c1' is
bestowed of the vicar of hell, vppon (whom) though it be
1 i.e. 300.
THOMAS CROMWELL 13
some charge vnto youe his highnes trusteth ye wil think it
wel bestowed. And thus Fare you most hartely well From
the Roullr.r in hast this xiiii^ of Maye
Yowr louyng assuryd freen[d]
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
And youe Maister Wallop shall not at this tyme be for-
gotten, but the certaintie of that ye shall haue I cannot tel
but in the next \etterts ye shall knowe it, and I assure youe
the kingcs highnes taketh bothe your s^ruices in as thankfull
parte as your selfcr could wishe or deuise
Add. To myn Assured Loving freendes my lord of Win-
chestre and S*> John Wallop knight the King^r Ambassadors
in Fraunce in hast
hast post
Endd. From the Roulles in haste the xiiijth of Maye Mr
Secretary
148. CROMWELL TO THE MAGISTRATES OF
CANTERBURY.
B. M. Add. MSS. 32,638, f. 83 ; not in Cal. May 18 (1536).
The King is informed that they have chosen others than those whom he
desired, to be burgesses from Canterbury. Requires them to dis-
regard the first election, to hold another, and choose the King's
nominees.
The coppy of the kyng^j letters.
In my herty wyse I recomende me vnto you these shalbe
forasmoche as the kyngrj plesur and comaundemewt ys that
Robert Derknall and John Bryges schulbe electe and chosyn
Citezin or burgesses for that Cite by reson wherof my lorde
Chaunceler and I by owyr \etterts writen vnto you aduertysyd
you therof and ye the same litle or nothynge regardynge but
rather cowtemnywg haue closen 1 othyr at your owne wylles
and myndes cowtrarie to the kyng^j plesure and comande-
me>/t in that behalfe Wherat the kynges highnes dothe not
a lytell marvell Wherefore in advoydyng of ferther dysplesur,
that myjte therby ensue I require you on the kyng^j behalfe
that notwythstondynge the seyd elecc/on ye precede to a new
and electe thosse other, acordynge to the tenure of the former
letteres to you dyrectyd for that purpose w/t^out faylyng so
to do as the kyng^j truste and expectacion is in you and as
ye entende to avoide hys highnes displesur at your parell
And yf any p^rsone wyll obstynatly gaynsay the same I
1 sic for ' chosen.'
14 LETTERS OF [1536
require you to aduertise me therof that I maye ordre hym as
the kyngrf plesur shalbc in that case to cowmande Thus fare
yc well at the rollcs the xviii day of May
\our louyngc frcndc
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my ry?th louyngc frcndrj the Mayr SheryflVvr and
comiwaltie of the Cite of Caunterbury and to eu^ry of them
149. CROMWELL TO GARDINER AND WALLOP.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 162; Cal. x. 1084. June 8 (1536).
Informs them of the King's answers to the Bailly of Tmyes— first that if
a General Council is held, it ought to be convoked in a safe place and
in a fair way ; and, second, that he cannot grant the desired contribu-
tion, as it would render him unfit to mediate between France and
Spain. Cf. Letters 147, 153, and 158.
Aftre my right harty cowmendac/bns Thise shalbe taduer-
tise youe that Forasmoche as the frenche king hathc Lately
directed hither to the kingrr highnes the baylie of Troys, who
hathc entreated only twoo sper/all pointes, Thone concern-
yng his gracw opinion and sentence touching thindiction of
a generall Counsail, Thother tattayne knowleage of his gracfs
resoluc/'on concernyng their desired ayde and contribuc/bn to
be given by his Maiestie towards the supportac/bn and mayn-
tcn/w/nce of his good brother the frenche kingry warres against
Themprrowr Like as his highnes deliberating vppon the
same hath made suche answer as all partcs considered was
thought convenient, Soo to thintent having knowleage of the
same, ye shuld the better prepare and arme yowrsclf not only
to mayntain the wisedom and equitie of them but also to
advaunce the same in suche wise as maye be for his graco
honnowr and the general quiet and repose of all Christendom
his highnes hathe cowmaundcd me in suche ordrc wordc for
worde to signifie the said answers vnto youe as the same were
conceyved and translated into frenche be nowe delyucred to
the said baylie. First concernyng the general Counsail, like
as his Maiestie cannot otherwise thinke, but that a free chr/j/ien
general counsail shuld be bothe expedient and necessary,
bothc for thencreace of thonowr of god, and thextirpacibn
abolicion and extinguishment of suche abuses errowrs and
cnormyties, as haue been long violently maynteyncd to the
obfustac/on of goddrj holy and indeficible trouth, and to the
derogac/on of the powre and auctorities of kingrj and princes
due vnto them by the same, Soo his highnes thinkcth it shalbc
more thenne necessary for all prince spcr/ally, not only to
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL U
forsee that noo counsail shal be indicted but in suche place
as maye be tute indifferent and suche as wherin all men that
shall reasorte thither may frankely and frelye speake and
pronounce their opinions and sentence in matiers to be en-
treated, in the same, and therupon to haue suche direction
taken, as may be consonant to godd^ worde and bni^ficial
to the hole vnytie state and bodye of Chrij/mdom, But also
that there maye be an ordre taken among^j Chrw/ien princes
befor aswel for thappointement of suche a place as is specefied
as for the maner and forme of the indiction and who shalbe
the Ministre in the same, For his highnes hath soo well and
p^rfitely desciphred the vsurpaczbns of the bisshop of Rome
chiefly atteyned by a pretended supremytie in suche coun-
sailes, that his grace hath certainly resolued neyther to con-
descende to any counsail to be by him indicted, ne by any
other potentate, onles the same shalbe befor agreed on befor
in maner and forme befor expressed. As his Maiestie veraily
trusteth his good brother the said frenche king whose wise-
dome his highnes knoweth to prrpende and waye right wisely
and prudently the premisses, will for his parte do the sem-
blable.
Concernyng the Contribuczon Albeit the said frenche king
shall at all tymes fynde his Maiestie a most sure and faithfull
freende vnto him, yet forasmoche as his highnes at this tyme
p^rceyvethe a certain inclynaaon bothe in Themperour and
in his said good brother to compromytt all suche matiers as
depende in controuerse betwene them into his highnes handes.
to be by him compounded and determyned, his grace thinking
and certainly knowing and considering that thappointement
of any suche contribuabn at this present shuld make him an
vnmete Arbiter and Judge betwene them, whiche might be
hindrance let staye and empechement to many good purposes
and successes, not only to his said good brother but likewise
to all Christendom hath thought it requisite and necessary to
put ouer the certain determynaobn of the said ayde and con-
tribuabn vntil suche tyme, as he shall see an Actuel Invasion
of themp^owr in the domynions of his good brother, or that
ihempefonr shal refuse vppon his mediaczbn to com to suche
conformytie as shal appertain trusting to receyve spedily
suche articles from his said good brother touching his offres
already made and Thempero#rs demaundrj as wherupon he
maye entreate w*t// the said Emprrowr and thoroughly feale
his inclynaczbn and resolucrbn in the same. And like as his
highnes trusteth veraily that his good brother sending to him
suche articles will in the same not only for the bcttre conducing
of his desires to effecte but also for that his Assured freende
16 LETTERS OF [1536
shall haue thentreatie of them, being oon that will travail to
make his bargain as good as he canne deuisc and compasse,
declare and offre suchc things as may be honorable and
reasonable, and rather commytt more to his graces- fidelitie
and frcendeship in the conclusion thcrof thenne he hath
already offreed and cowmytted to the bisshop of Rome or
any other potentate or Arnbassadowr. Soo in cace his highnes
shal not therupon induce Themp^rowr by any meanes to
harken to reason, his grace will not faile, thenne to make
suche answer to his saide good brother touching the said
contribuc/on as it shal appere to all the world that his grace
is his moost fwrfite and entier Freende.
Thus haue I writen vnto youe the klnges answer to the
said two Articles proponed by the said baily of Troys, whiche
his grace doubtethe not but ye wil as wel thinke reasonable,
as mayntain w/t// suche reasons as shalbe for his grac^r
honowr thentertaynement of thamytie, and thavauncement
of the purpose conteyned in the same, that is to haue the
king the mediatowr betwene thise two princes, whiche his
grace will neyther by ! moche scke ne yet refuse if it be put
vnto him, & as Themp^rowrs Ambassadowr here resident
hathe good hope that his maistcr shall by his meane con-
descende therunto, soo as the frenche king wil doo the
«emblable, even soo hathe the bay lie of Troys and Mons/V//;-
de Tarbez also, that their master wil not faile gladly to com
to the same purpose. Whiche towardnes on bothe sides
caused and compelled his Maiestie to staye in the graunting
of any contribuc/on for the respecter expressed tyl he shall
knowe further certaintie in this bchaulf. Finally his grace
desirethe you also Maister Wallop to travail of yoi/rself in the
furtherance of this matier vtith themprrowrs Ambassadowr,
and likewise wrt// all other whom ye shall thinke may ad-
vauncc the same. Whiche commission is to both of youe
indifferent. And youe shal my lord of Winchestre vndrc-
standc that the kingr s highnes was moche offended wi'tA your
ernest sute for the pencibn appointed to Maister brian taking
it half vnkindly that thoughe his grace had no pretence of
right in it, ye shuld laboi/r soo ernestly to defeatc his ernest
promyse. And therfor I shall frccndely aduise youe by your
next \ftttrcs soo frankly and simplic to grauntc the satisfaction
of his pleasure therm, as yc may rcdubbe that is passed and
contynuc your cstimacion wit// him, whiche maye be asmochc
worth to youe as that amounteth to. And this I assure youe
I write more frecndely, to youe a greate dealc, thenne ye
1 . . o. any meanes
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 17
hauc held your peace \vitA me in a matier of a greate deale
lesse weight. And thus Fare you hartely well From the
Roulls the viiith of June.
Your lordshyppis assuryd
j THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To myn Assured Loving Frcendes my lord of Win-
chestre and sir John Wallop knight, the kings Ambassadowrs
in fraunce.
Endd. From the Roulles the viij01 of June. Mr. Secretary
150. (CROMWELL) TO (THE PRINCESS MARY).
B. M. Otho C. x, f. 280; Cal. x. mo. (June> 1536).
Upbraids her for her obstinacy in resisting the King. Sends her a book
of articles to subscribe, and advises her to comply. Threatens to
abandon her if she does not yield.
.... I haue receyved your k*//rres wh ... ye be in greate
discomfor .... that I shuld fynde the w/'t// youe For
answer ndrestande that ho we gr . . . . your discomfort
is, it canne be n .... henne myn who hath vppon .... ken so
moche of your repentance full obstinacy against the
.... and of your humble sub things w/'t//out excep-
tion .... to obey to his pleasure knowing howe diu*vslye
a .... oceded at the late being aiesties counsail w . . . .
yo moche ashamed of that and likewise
afrayed doon . . . somoche that uel therof shalbe
god s w/'t// your foly ye v that hathe wis
I will pitie ye shuld not punishment if
self an exemple in your natural fathe
oune only fantaz l Judgements and .... of all men
that ye knowe and love god .... except ye will
sh prrsuwmption wherf w/'t^ youe as god is
I thinke youe to mos ndurate woman all that
euer was and wel desrrueth the re extremytie
of M ot open my lippes may haue suche a
it may appere the least that for that
ye be bounde vnto by yo of allcagcancc, if nature
wcr from youe 2 and in a lik planted in
the same as it .... eurry other co;«en subgiet
I haue sent vnto you a certa f Articles wherunto 3
.... yf ye 4 yo//r h . . . . ribe yo//r name * e
vndoubtedly please same conformable to hi .... as ye
\\ ill in scmbla yve it in your harte w/V/owt dis . . . . pt
1 c. 0. opinions * f. o. pouer of god set
* c. o. in * c . o. I b 8 c . o. whe
MEKRIMAN. II
18 LETTERS OF [1536
whcrof again from re declaring that ye that
ye haue l subs de, I shall eftsoncs speke for your
reconsilia s And w/'tA spede leave les
whichc and desire youe
neucr to write meane vnto me heraftre, for I
think youe other thcnne the vnnatural and most
obstinate lyving bothe to god & your most dere & ...
And I 3ad to nothing but I beseche god
hclpe me if I knowe certainly to be your bounde
godoVj lawe and m I must ncdes iudge t
shall refuse it, n in a chrwtien congreg
wherof I take Christ I refuse if I write that I haue
not pr^fe and knowe to be true
151. CROMWELL TO GARDINER AND WALLOP.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 166; Cal. x. 1123. June 12 (1536).
Sends a duplicate in French of the answer given to the Bailly of Troyes,
which has been slightly altered since Cromwell's last letters. Cf.
Letter 149.
Aftre my right harty cowmendaabns, Albeit by my Last
"Letterts I signified vnto youe the kingfj highnes answer thenne
detcrmyned and delyuered to the baylie of Troys vppon
theflecte of his message yet forasmoche as sithens the said
baylie hathe instantly sued to haue certain worths in the
same answer altered, as rather gathered of his general com-
w////rcation thanne by him soo precisely ment as he wold
haue it in the same sorte it was expressed conveyed to his
Maisters eares, and that his grace hath been contented to
satisfie his request in that behaulf, for avoyding of all
errowrs ye shal herw/tA receyve the very duble in frenche of
that \vhiche is delyurred vnto him, wherin ye shall fynde the
worde of Invasion supposed to be spoken by them left out,
and the certain inclynacion in the frenche king to com-
promytt into the kingrj highnes handes, thoughe indede their
vtordfs before in effecte conteyned as moche as is expressed
in myn other Letleres And thus Fare youe hartcly well From
the Roulk-j the xii* of June.
Your lordshippis assuryd freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my Loving Freendes My lorde of Wynchester and
Sir John Wallop knight the kings; highnes ambassadors in
Fraunce.
Eudd. From the Roullcs the xiith of June Mr. Sc<c)rctary
1 f. 0. or shall * c.o tes blessing * f. 0. write
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 19
152. < CROMWELL) TO SIR BRIAN TUKE.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 6069, f. 99; Cal. x. 1124. June 12, 1536.
Orders him to pay Clarencieux j£lo, due to him for his diets beyond what
has already been paid.
Mr. Tuke whereas ye by the k'mgcs coma//ndment certy-
fyed yow by me the xxijth daye of Januarye last past before
the date hereof payd vnto norray nowe clarencieulx kinge at
Armes sent then into Scotland to Attende vpon the lorde
Will/Vim Howarde and the bushoppe then elect of Assaph
nowe elect of Saynt Davys being then also sent in ambassade
into Scotland aforsayd vppon a Reckewynge of his dyettar
aftre the Rate of vi s. viii d. by the daye for iiii monethes
beforehande accoumptynge xxviii daies to eurry moneth
the same dyettcs to be accoumpted & to begyn the sayd
xxiith daye of Januarye the Som of xxxvii li. vi s. viii d. for
Asmoche as the same norray nowe Clarencieulx contynued
his Abode in the sayd voyage from the xxith daye of Januarye
last paste before the date hereof vntyll the xiith daye of June
then next followinge exclusyve videlicet by the space of
cxlii daies so that theire ys due to him for hys dyettey for
the sayd tyme the Som of xlvii li. vi s. viii d. w//*ch he hathe
in the sayde moneth of Januarye last past, wherof receiud of
yow the Som of xxxvii li. vi s. viii d. as before & so vesteth
due to him for hys sayd dyettar the Som of tenne pounds,
I sygnyfye vnto yow that the k[ing]^ pleasure ys that ye
incontyenent of his graces money beinge in your Custodye
paye vnto the sayd clarencieulx the sayd Some of x li. in Full
supplyment & payment of his sayd dyttes for the tyme
Aforsayd. And thus hartely fare fare ' ye well. At my howsse
at the Rolles the xiith daye of June in the xxviiith yere of the
Reigne of our said sourraigne lorde kinge Henrye theight 1536.
153. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 175 ; Cal. xi. 29. July 5 (1536).
Reproaches Gardiner for his unfriendly behaviour. Upbraids him for his
conduct in connexion with the annuity granted to Brian, and for his
obstinacy in resisting the will of the King. Announces the King's
marriage to Jane Seymour. Cf. Letters 147, 149, and 156.
Aftre my right harty co;«mendac/bns to your Lordshippe
I haue receyvcd your sundry k//rres, for the whiche I doo
right hartely thank youe, and amongts others those of the
xxith of the last moneth, writen for your answer to a fewe
wordrj inserted in thende of my k/fcres a litle bcfor addressed
vnto youe, touching your contenc/on for the awnuitie by the
1 sic.
c a
20 LETTERS OF [i
highncs graunted to Maister brian vppon thattaindrr
of Norres, the cause of whiche your stayc or I mayc still call
it contcnc/on thcrin, appercthe in yonr said lr//rrcs not soo
frecndely conceyved, as I thinke my merities towards youe
haue dcvrucd being only yo//r fantazie that I shuld rather
of my self thennc otherwise promote that matier vnto youe.
For soo ye write, whenne his Maicstie shall give me an ex-
prcssc cowmaundcment, and saye my pleas///r is thowc shalt
paye oon hundreth pounds to suche an vse etc. Truly my
lord though my talent be not soo precious as yot/rs, yet I trust
w/t// his helpe that gave me it, to vse it soo as it shall doo his
office w/t//out gathering suche suspitions vppon freendeship.
I rcpetc that worde again bicausc I mcnt frcendely in the
writing of it, or the adhering soo fast to the ymaginac/bn
thcrof, that I shuld doo nothing w/t//out expresse cowmaunde-
mentrj at his request whose only inclynac/on shuld of con-
gruence bowe thaffections of suche men as we be. who hathe
rcceyvcd all that we haue at his hande, and cause vs rather
kindely to give place, thenne soo crncstly to contende as
might prrcace neythcr prevayl ne suffre the thing to haue
that grace it might haue had at the bcgynning And yet wold
I as oon that toke myself in your oune estimac/on for yo//r
frcende, desire youe to thinke that I will not wade in any
fr/uate matier in the king my Souurraign lordrj name vnles
haue his cowmaundement soo to doo, as in my first L-//rrcs
writen for the said Annuite I declared vnto youe I had, whiche
of his greate goodncs it pleasithe his highnes to avouche at
this tyme vnto youe. But nowe to your L7/rres. Your giftes
rcceyved of God be greate, and somoche the more cause ye
haue to thanke him for them. yo//r other giftes receyved of
the king be not small, and therfor your s^ruice to his Maiestie
for the same is loyall and diligent, and soo bothe for yonr
discharge and the saufgardc of yo//r cstimac/bn it ought to be.
yo//r wisedom his grace knowethe in thordre of your things,
and therfor desired you not to doo him pleasure, if ye wil
exclude vtterly right, for that ye could not vse it pleasantly
yowrsclf, but for that he thought yours and his had not been
yet soo dcuidcd but he might w/t// a peace of prayer haue
doon as moche w/t// youe in such a matier as w/t// a straicte
cowmaundcment. What your debt/j be his grace knowethe
not, Ne I for my p^rte haue fully somoche leysowr that I canne
eyther take a iust accompt of youe, of all that ye owe, and
haue rcceyved and paied sithens ye were bisshop of Win-
chcstre. I aduised youe not to entre giftes w/tA your prince
wherby your Crcditow/s shuld thinke yc went aboute to give
away that wherwithe ye shuld content and paye them their
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 21
dieuties, but I signified as a ministre thoughc not worthie of
credence, his graces mynde only in the bestowing of oon parte
of thre partrs of that whiche ye neuer had befor, And ther-
unto ye made a reciproque Argument that if the king had an
Interest in the bestowing of it ye trusted in consideration of
your nede and srruice, he wold bestowe it vppon youe, And
if the lawe wold allott it vnto you ye said ye trusted his grace
wold prrmytt vnto youe the vse of your oune, whiche whenne
I prrceyved that his Maiestie toke not in veiy good parte, ne
determyned vppon that gentle dilemma to leave his determy-
nac/on imp<vfite, I wrote vnto youe freendely aduising youe
rather frankly and w*'t// an apparance of a good will to satisfie
his grace thenne soo to contende in it, as he might take it vn-
kindely. And nowe for that aduise whiche I toke to be freendly
ye take greate payne to make me beleve that I haue neyther
freendcship in me nor honestie, wherin howe freendely ye pro-
cede w/t/j me But that ye be moche given to your oune Judge-
ment, I durst make yourself the Judge. And nowe that I haue
again vttrcd all my colour towards youe, I remytt your oune
matier to your oune ordre, and shall only wishe ye maye take
that waye that I wold take and wold haue taken or this in a
semblable cace. Touching your greate desire of newes In
good faithe I wrote asmoche and as plainly of the matiers
that chaunced here as I culd deuise vnles I shuld haue sent
youe the very confessions, whiche were soo abhomynable that
a greate parte of them were neuer given in Evidence but clcrely
kept secrete, that the king is maried again I doubt not but ye
knowe, And for your further satisfaction like as all his nobles
and counsail vppon their knees moved him soo to doo, soo
hath his grace I thinke chosen the vetuost lady and the veriest
gentlewoman that lyveth and oon that variethe asmoche from
the conditions of thother as the daye variethe from the night
My lady Mary is also a most obedient child to the kingcs
highnes, and as conformable as any living faithfull subgiet
canne be, the late princesse the lady Elizabethe is by parlia-
ment pronounced also Illegitimate, I trowe I shall nowe please
youe, for more ye cannot require of me thenne I canne signifie,
I haue delyurred your scruant Peter Larke money according
to your desire that is to saye ccxxxiii11 vi§ viiid. I require
yowr lordship by the next post to sende vnto me the copie
of the treatie w/'t// the Frenche king made last whenne pormrey
was here. And thus moost hartely Fare youe well From the
Roulkr the Vth of July
Your lordshippis louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
22 LETTERS OF
Add. To my Veray good Lorde my lord of Winchcstre the
Ambassadowr in Fraunce
Johannes Kyngston
Endd. From the Roullcs the vu of July Mr. Secretary
154. CROMWELL TO JOHN HARDING, PRIEST.
R. O. CaL xi. 44. July 8 < 1 536).
Informs him that the King's command is that he repair to Cromwell at once.
I Cowmendc me vnto youe Lating you wit the
pleasure and cowmaundement is that all excuses and delaycs
set aparte ye shall incowtynently vppon the right herof rea-
paire vnto me Wheresoeuer I shall chaunce to be, the spcr/alties
wherof ye shall knowe at your cuwmyng w;t//out failling
thus to doo as ye will answer at your prrill. From the
Koullfj the viiith daye of July
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Resayd the morow aftrr St. Mary Mawdlcn day
Add. To Sir John Harding parishe prest of Harding
Endd. My Lord is \rtttrt to Sir John Harding parish
prcst of Harding
155. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xi. 55. July 10(1536).
Protests that his last letters to Lisle have been written in a spirit of perfect
friendship. Promises to let him know when he can come over to
meet the King at Dover.
After my right harty recowmendac/bn vnto your good
lordship thiese shalbe to adurrtise the same that I haue res-
ccyved your \ctteres and prrsayve aswell by thesame as by
other reaport that ye shuld take unkyndly my l/7/<res lately
sent vnto you, takyng therby occasion to iuge me to be dis-
pleased \\i\Jt you. I assure yowr lordship howe so ever I wrote
I ment no ill, but for asmoche as yowr former lr//^res and
myne were so writen that ncyther of vs undcrstode thcsamc
well, as yowr lordshippis lovyng frynd I wrote the more
playnly for the tyme to geve you occasion to set forward
that weighty bcsynes as the necessite therof dyd then require,
mcnyng no thing elles touching any displeasure then your
very prrfait frynd myght do. I haue byn ones in hand w/tA
the king<-j highnes to opteyne licence that yowr lordship
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 23
myght come over to mete \vitA his sayd highnes at Dovoir
when he shuld come thither, but as yet I haue no determynate
answer thcrin but when I shall resceyve the same I shall more
largely adu^rtise your lordship therof by huse your struaunt
who attendithe here (as he saithe) for that purpose. Thus the
blessed Trenyte p^rserue your good lordship. At the rolles
the Xth day of Julye.
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To the right honourable and my veray good lord
the Vicount lisle the Kynges Depute at Calays.
Endd. my lorde pmrisaillis.
156. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 191 ; Cal. xi. 152. July 23 (1536).
Has perceived that Gardiner is hurt by what Cromwell wrote about Brian.
Thinks the matter had better drop now, and assures Gardiner of his
friendship. Cf. Letters 147, 149, and 153.
Aftre my right harty cowmendac/ons to your Lordshippe,
By this currowr ye shall receyve the king^r highnes answer
to suche If //ires as ye haue lately dispeched vnto him, thefifecte
wherof I doubt not but ye will considre and accomplishe if
ye maye as shall appertayn. And forasmoche as by your
last \c //rres of the xijth of this moneth writen to me, I pe rceyve
that vppon myn writen befor touching the cause of Maister
Brian ye were suwwhat moved, gathering what ye could, and
applieng the same if not colerikly I must nedes thinke melan-
coulily, to your purpose vritA chauwge of some of my \vor6es
and sentence to make your matier the more apparant being
yet freendely disputed, to thintent the matier therof might
haue no further mention, being nowe come to a good ende
bothe for the k'inges highnes satisfaction, and the remoc/on
of that hote matier from bothe our stomakes who be nowe,
as for myn oune parte I dare avouchc, soo I think for yours
clerely purged, like as I commenced the same freendely w/tA
youe, that is to saye that parte wherin at the lest appered
a contencion Soo, now I require youe, for your parte to
finishe freendely that ye haue promysed as I doubte not but
ye will, and to wrappe vppe the rest in the patent to be made
of the same. For I am for my parte even the same man
I was befor, that is your assured Freende, thoughe in this mater
thinking myself a litle touched I wrote suwwhat quykly, and
24 LETTERS OF [1536
double not in you to fynde the semblable inclynac/on towards
me And thus moost hartcly Fare youe well from Dover the
xxiii"1 of July
I require your Lordship to make myn harty cowmenda-
c/ons to Maister Walloppe.
* Yowr lordshippis assuryd frcnd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray good lord my lord of Winchestre the
Ambassadowr in fraunce.
Etidd. From Dover the xxiii*11 of July the lorde Pr/vay
Seel
157. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE AND THE COUNCIL
OF CALAIS.
R. O. Cal. xi. 307. Aug. I (1536).
Begs to be informed of the reasons that Edward Thwaites can bring
forward for his statement that the office of the Lantern belongs to
him by inheritance.
Aftre my right harty cowmendac/bns Forasmoche as my
struaunt Edwarde Thwaytes hathe declared vnto me that he
canne prove sufficiently that the office of the Lantern be-
longith vnto him by the cours of his Enheritance, in whiche
cace the Interest of Cornwales is determyned, like as I
thought convenient to desire and pray youe fauorably and
indifferently w/t//out respecte to here, see and considre what
he shall in that behaulf alledge shewe and declare for him-
self Soo I doubt not but fynding him to be rightfully entiteled
vnto it, ye will according to Justice restore him to the
possession therof in suche sorte as he or his Auncestowrs
befor him haue had and enioyed the same. And what ye
shall Fynde in this matier vppon suche examynacion I
require youe to signifie also vnto me accordingly. And thus
Fare you hartely well From Oxford the first of August.
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my very good lord the viscounte lisle dcputie of
Calayes and to all other of the kingi; Counsail there
Endd. my lord pr/uy scale
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 25
158. (CROMWELL) TO (CHAPUYS) l.
Vienna Archives ; Cal. xi. 306. Aug. 15 (1536).
Has been informed that the Emperor's subjects in the Netherlands rob
and maltreat the English, especially by sea. Begs him to write for
redress in order that the friendship of the King and the Emperor
may not cool.
Monseigncur. Par ce present porteur, que j'ay faict des-
pecher au plus tost quil ma este possible sans longuement le
retarder, je vous ay bien voulu aduertir que les subiectz de
lempereur vre. maistre en ses pays dembas maltraictent et
journellement molestent et pyllent et desroubent les subiectz
du roy mon maistre, comme speciallement ilz ont faict puis
nagueres par la mer, de quoy je vous prie rescripre de par
dcla et faire tant que sera possible, non seullement que telz
oultraiges cessent pour le temps aduenir, mais aussi que
redresse en soit faicte, et que lesd. subiectz puissent som-
mairement estre recompcnsez entierement accordant droict et
raison ; a quoy monseigneur, je vous prie daultant, que par
les moyens les choses se porroient exasperer, et led. sei-
gneur roy non sans cause estre desplaisant, si rcmcde nyestoit
mys ainsi qu'il appartient, et par ce les bons propoz au tant
vous que moy auons tant la bonte ct pris de paine estre
interruptez ou refroydyz, vous vueillez vous y employer et
y tenir la main en tant que vous sera possible, de sorte que
le roy mond. maistre puisse par effect congnoistre que lesd.
exces sont faict sans le sceu et adueu de lempereur et de
madame, et que par tollerance ilz ne semb'e quilz les vueillent
ratifier, ains plus tost reprouuer punissant les malfacteurs
a lexemple des aultres: et jespoire que ce faisant et veu la
bonne inclination que Ion rescript estre de par dela, que noz
affaires sortiront et auront bon succes, honnorable a tous
princes ct prouffitable au bien vniuersel de la chrestiente.
A tant monsr apres mestre recommande tres affectueusement
a vre. bonne grace je prie a nre. createur vous auoir en sa tres
saincte et digne garde.
Escript a Oking le xv6 daoust.
159. CROMWELL'S INJUNCTIONS TO THE CLERGY.
R. O. Cal. xi. 377. August, 1536.
Directions to the clergy how to preach, and what to insist upon. They
are to teach all children and servants the Lord's Prayer, the Articles
of Faith and the Ten Commandments in English. They are not to
haunt ale-houses or play cards. All those benericed above ^20 yearly,
are to give away one-fortieth of their revenue. Cf. Letter 273.
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
26 LETTERS OF [1536
In the name of god Amen in the ycrc of our Lorde god
a thousandc five hundrcth syxt and thritty, and of the moste
noble reignc of our soueraigne Lordc Henry the VIIIth king
of England & of fraunce, defcnsowr of the faith Lorde of
Ireland, and in crthe supreme hedde of the churche of Eng-
land the xxviii"1 ycrc and the daic of August Thoiruzs
Crunuvcll knyght Lorde Crumwell kcper of the privcy Scale
of our said soueraigne Lordc the king and vitzgcrcnt to the
same for and cowcernyng all his Jurisdiction ecclesiastical 1
within this Kealme. Visiting by the kingw highcncs supreme
auctoritic ccclrjiasticall the people and clergie of this deanrie
of N by onr trustie Cow/missarie Mr. N. N. doctowr of lawc,
Lawfully constitute and deputed for this partc hauc to the
glorye of allmightic god, to the kingrj highcnes honour the
publiquc weale of this his rcalme, and cncrcasc of vcrtuc in
the same, appoyntcd and assigned thies Injunctions cnsuyng
to be kept and obserucd of the deane, persons, vicarcs curates
and stipendiaries resiante or having cure of soulc or any other
sp/viall adm///istracion within this deanrie vnder the paynes
hereafter limited & appoyntcd.
The Firste is that the deane persons, vicars and other
hauyng cure of soulle anywhere within this deanrye shall
faithfully kepc and obserue, and as farre as in thcym mayc be,
shall cause to be kept and obserued of other all and singular
Lawcs & statute ot this Rcalme made for thabolisshing and
extirpacion of the busshop of Romes prr/rnsed power and
Jurisdiction within this Rcalme. And for thcstablishmcwt
and cowfirmacion of the king« Authoritie and Jurisdiction
within the same, as of the supreme hcdd of the churche of
Englande ; and shall declare at the Leaste wise ones eucry
quarter of a yere in their sermons howc this busshop of Romcs
vsurpcd power and Jurisdiction hauing no establishment nor
grounde by the Lawe of god was of moste iustc causes taken
awcye and abolisshed. And that thcrforc they owe vnto hym
no mancr of obedience or subjection. And that the kingrj power
is within his dominion the highest potentate or power vndcr
god, to whom all men within the same do////nion by goddrj
cowmaundcment owe moste Loyaltie and obedience, afore and
abouc all other powers and potentates in crthc.
Also in the same their sermons the persons, vicarcs and
other curates aforesaid shall diligently admonishe, the parents
Maisters and gouernowrs of youthe being within their cure to
tcachc or cause to be taught their children evyn from their
infancie their pater nostcr, tharticlcs of our faithc, and the
x commaundcmcntrj in their mothers toong, and the same
so taught shall cause the said youthe ofte to repctc and vn-
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 27
drcstande. And to thintent this maye be the more easely
doom* the said Curates shall in their sermoncs deliberately and
planely recite one clause of the said pater noster, articles or
cow/maundementer one daye and a nother a nother daie till
the hole be taught and lerned by Litle & Litle. And shall
deliuer the same in writing or shewe where printed bookcs
cowtcynyng the same be to be solde, to theym that can reade
and woll desire the same. And therto that the said parents
Maisters and gouernowrs do bestowe their children evyn fro;«
their childehod other to Lernyng or to some other honest exer-
cise occupac/on or husbandrie. Leaste at any tymc afterwarde,
they be driven for lacke of some misterie or occupacrbn to live
by, to fall to begging stealing or some other vnthriftynes.
Sithe we may see dayli through slouth and ydlenes diuers
valiaunte men fall some to begging and some to thefte and
murder, whiche after brought to calamitie and miscrie im-
puteth a greate parte therof to their frendrj & gouernowrs,
which suffred theym to be brought up so ydelly in their
youthes. Where yf they had bcne well educated and brought
up in some good IrVrrature occupacion or misterie they shulde
being rulers of their owne familie haue profited aswell theym-
self as diuers other prrsons to the greate co;«moditie and
ornamewt of the common weale.
Also that the said persons vicares and other curates shall
diligently prouide that the sacrame;/t« and sacramewtall^ be
duely and reuerently miwwtred in their parishes. And if at
any tyme it happen theym other by the cases expressed in
the statute of this realme or of sprnall licence geuen by the
kingrj maiestie to be absent frow their benefices they shall
leave their cure not to a rude and vnlerned person but to a
good, lerned & experte curate, that maye teache the rude and
vnlerned of their cure, holsome doctrine and reduce theym to
the right weye that doo erre, And allwaye lett theym soe
that nother they nor their vicares doo seke more their owne
pr^uffit than the pr0uffit of the Soulles that they haue vnder
their cure or the glorie of god.
And to thintent that lerned men maye hereafter spring the
more for thexecution of the premisses, euery person vicar
clerk or beneficed man within this deanrie hauyng yerely to
dispende in benefices or other promotions of the churche a
hundreth pounds shall geue competent exhibition to one
scholar And for as many hundreth pounds more as he maye
dispende to so many scholars more shall geve like exhibicion
in the vniurrsite of oxforde or cambrige or some gramer
schole. Which after that they haue pnmffitted in good Lern-
yng may be parteners of their patrones cure and charge, aswell
28 LETTERS OF [1536
in preaching as otherwise in thcxccution of their offices. Or
maye whan ncde shalbe, otherwise prtmffit the common wcalc
with their counsaill and wisdomc.
Beside this to thintcnt that all supwrsticion and ypochrisie
crept into diuers mens hartes mayc vanyshe aweye, they shall
not sett forthe or extolle any images reliqucs or miracles fur
any superstition or Lucre. Nor allure the people by any
entisemcntrj to the pilgrcmage of any sainct (otherwise than
is j>crmitted in tharticles Lately condescended vpon by the
clcrgie of this realme in conuocation) as though it were proper
or peculiar to that sainct to geve this cowmoditie or that.
Sithrnj all goodnes, helthe and grace, ought to be bothe asked
and loked for onely of god, as of the very authowr of the
same, for without hym it can not be given. But they shall
exhortc aswcll their parishioners as other pilgremes, that they
doo rather applie theymself to the kcping of goddrj co/n-
maundementAr and fullfilling of his workrj of charitie. And
persuade theym, that it dothe conduce more towarde their
soulrj helthe yf they doo geve that to the poore and nedy,
that they thought to bcstowe vpon the said images or
reliqucs.
Also the said clerkes shall in no wise at any vnlaw-
full tyme nor for any other cause than their honest neces-
sitie haunte or reasorte to any tavernes or alehouses. And
after their dyner and souper they shall not geve theymself
to drinking and ryote sitting all daye at Tables or cardes
playng and any other vnlawfull game and sprrially with vn-
honest and vnthryftye persons. But whan they haue suche
Leasure, they shall reade or here somewhat of holyscripture,
or shall occupie theymself with some other like honest exer-
cise. And lett theym allweys doo those things which maye
apperteigne to good congruence & honestie wit// prtniffit of
the co/nmunc wcale, Having allweys in mynde howe they
ought to excclle all other in puritie of Jif, and shuld be example
to all other to live well and christianely.
To this bicause the goodrj of the churche are called the
goodfs of the poore, and at thies daies nothing is lesse seen
than the poore to be susteyned with the same. We woll that
all persones and vicares and other beneficed men and pension-
aries within this dcanry not being resident vpon their benefices,
which maye dispcnde yerely xx" or aboue, other within this
dcanrie or elswhere, doo distribute hereafter yerely amonges
their poore parishioners, or other inhabitauntrj there in the
presence of the churche wardens or some other honest men
of the parishe the fourtieth parte of the frutfj and revenues
of their said benefices Leaste they be not vnworthely noted
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 29
of ingratitude, which reseruyng so many partes to thcymsclf,
can not vouchesauf to imparte the fourtieth portion therof
cmongcs the poore people of that parish that is so frutefull
and pn?uffitable vnto theym.
Also that all persons Vicares and Clerks hauyng churches
chappels or mansions within this deanrie shall bestowe yerely
hereafter vpon the same mansions or chauncels of their churches
being in dccaye, the fifte parte of that their beneficies, till they
be fully repared, And the same so rcpared shall allweys kepe
and mayntene in good state.
Item where as certain articles were lately deuysed and putt
foorth by the Kinges Authentic and condescended vpon by
the Prelate and clergie of this his Realme in cowuocation,
Wherof parte are necessarie to be holden and biloued for c>ur
saluacion, And thother parte doo cowcerne and touche certain
laudable ceremonies, rites and vsages of the churche mete and
co;/uenie;/t to be kept and vsed for a decent and a politique
ordre in the same, The said deane parsons, vicares and other
curates shall so open and declare the said articles vnto theym
that be vnder their cure, that they maye playnly knowe and
discerne, which of the said articles be necessarie for their
saluacion, and which of the same doo but cowcerne the decent
and politique order of the said churche. And the firste dili-
gently to plante and inculcate into the mynd^j of their parish-
ioners : and to she we thother to be laudable & expedient &
not to be co;/tc;//pned albeit that no man may reken hymself
to be saued by thobseruyng of theym.
Moreouer, that they shall declare vnto all suche as be vnder
their cure tharticles likewise deuysed, putt foorth and Autho-
rized of late for and cowcernyng the abrogacion of certain
superfluous holydaies according to theffect and purportc of the
same articles. And prrsuade their parishioners to kepe and
obserue the same iwuiolately as things holesomely pr^uided
decreyd and establisshed by commune consent and publique
Authoritie, for the weale cowmoditie and pnmffit of all this
Realme.
All which and singular Injunctions we woll shalbe i;/uio-
lately obserued of the said deane, persons, vicares curate,
stipendiaries and other clerk^j and beneficed men vnder the
peync of suspension and sequcstracion of the frutrj of their
beneficies, vntill they haue dooru? their duetie according to
thies Injunctions.
Endd. Injunctions for the Clergie publysshed by the Lord
Crumwell vicegerent to the kinge etc a//;/o 28 H 8.
And again To Mr wricthesley. Iniunctions for the Clergie.
30 LETTERS OF [1536
160. (CROMWELL) TO JOHN WHALLEY AND OTHER
OFFICERS AT DOVER.
R. O. Cal. xi. 379. Aug. < 1 536).
Has admitted John Gold to be head clerk for the King at his works at
Dover. He is to be paid ife/. a day and the arrears due to him.
John Whallcy and other of the kyngtt officers thcr, I cow-
mend me vnto you. Ye shall vnderstand I hauc not only
admyttyd for the kyng this berar John Golde tobc in his
gracrj workrj at Dowr hcde Clarke for his highnes ther. But
also to hauc the recepte of all that (is) met for his graa\r
workes. And to kepe his booke as accostomablye he hathc
vsid hertofore. Therfore for suchc payens and good s/'ruicrj
that is informyd me he hathc done and intcndythc to doo for
the kyngrr profyght and advauntage, ye shall vpon the syght
herof paye vnto hym his wadgrj of xiid for eurry daye
contynually. And aswell the areragrj of the same due vnto
hym before this daye as vnto this daye all redye due.
And in this yo//r so doyng ye shall desrrue of me harty
thankes, as knowyth god. At the daye of August.
Endd. Aug. John Whalley.
161. CROMWELL TO SIR GILBERT TALBOT AND JOHN
RUSSELL.
Library of William Berington, Esq., of Little Malvern Court ; not in Cal.
Sept. 7 <I536>.
Requests them to examine the vicar of Crowle in Worcestershire, and
to report what they learn from him. Torture may be used if necessary.
After my right harty cowmendac/ons I haue receyved yo//r
Isf/t-rcs touching the lewd c0ww««ication of the vicar of
crowley and haue declared the contents of the same to the
kingr^ highnes Who taketh yo//r faithful! diligenses thcrin in
very good parte and for answer hath co/wmaunded me to
signific vnto youc that his pleasure is yc shall cftsoncs examyn
the prest himself vppon what groundc he vttcred that com-
/;///// ication Vsing all the waycs ye canne possibly deuisc to
tishc out of him whither he hathe had any owww////ication
thereof \\i\Ji any other prrsonne or whither he knowc any man
mynded or disposed if he might get suche oportunytie to
suche pwrpose not sparing for the knowlcage hereof to pynche
him w/'t/i paynes to the declarac/bn of it in case good adu*v-
tiscmcnt will not scrue to the same. And what ye shall fynde
herin tadurrtise keping him in the meanc season in sucr and
sauf Custodye your paynes wherin his grace woll consider
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 31
accordingly and thus Fare youe hartely well. From Grafton
the viitb of September.
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
I sende you again for your better instruction the examyna-
cion taken of this matier.
Add. To my loving Freendes sir Gilbert Talbot knight and
John Russell esquier and to eyther of them.
162. CROMWELL TO SIR JOHN CLARK, JOHN WILLIAMS,
AND GEORGE GIFFORD.
R. O. Cal. xi. 446. Sept. 12 (1536).
Desires them to inquire on the King's behalf if the report be true that
Sir John Browne has a mill in Oxfordshire, which annoys others by
causing their lands to be flooded.
In my right harty maner I co;«mende me vnto youe Lating
youe wit that forasmoche as complaint is made to the kinges
highnes that Sir John Browne hath a certain Milne in the
countie of Oxford whiche doth annoye the king^j other
Subgiette s adioyning to the same. Spe«'ally in the surunding
and overflowing of their grounds. His graces pleasure is
that youe thre or at the least two of you shall view the said
Mylne and examyn indifferently thinhabitauntej aboute of the
damage it doth vnto them and what ye shal fynde therin to
signifie in writing to me with Diligence And thus Fare you
hartely well From Grafton the xiith of Septembre.
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my loving FreenoVj Sir John Clerk knight John
WillzVzms and George Gififord esquiers and to eurry of them
Endd. My lorde privye scale is letfcres sent to Sir John
clerk knight John Willwms and George gifforde esquiers
163. CROMWELL TO THE PRIOR OF ST. FAITH'S.
R. O. Cal. xi. 484. Sept. 23 (1536).
Informs him that his house, though on the list of those which the King
has decided to suppress, has been saved by Cromwell's diligence.
Begs him to consider the trouble to which Cromwell has been put,
and hints that a reward would be acceptable. Cf. Letter 180.
Right wclbclouyd In god I Recowmend me to yow etc. the
cawys off my wrytyng at thys tyme ys thys For as myche as
32 LETTERS OF [1536
ytt ple^sfj the king off his Rcgall power to take Rcfformac/on
of all and singular howsr.r off Rclygyon w/V/in the dyocw off
Norwychc lyke as hys Grace hawys done In other p\acfs and
For the abwsyon off Relygyon and excess^ off lyffyng (some)
schalbe deposyd off the wyche yowcr howsc was byllyd and
namyd to be on that nott w/t//standyng by the labor off
yower Fryndfs mayd to me w/t^ my dyllygcns yower howse
ys takyn owt off the kyngrr bokys and w/t// owt dangirr and
so schall Remane tyll the Retorne off thys my chaplaine off
woys Report hangrr yower Infformac/on to the cowwscll wome
I wyll that yow schall Rcceue as my trusty chaplaine and
thes pleswrr cowsedrryd as I haue dysseruyd to loke to my
pants and to the berer here off as yow wold haue Ferther
pleswrr scoyd off me In lyke ma.\.tieres For the mayntcnans off
yower howse I am the more boldrr to wrytt by cawse that Itt
hawys benc suwtws to me off layt as the berer here off caw
expres more planely to you. VVryttyn att london the xxiii1
day of September
By me
THOMAS CRUMWEI.L
Add. To the Reu^rentt Father in God prior off saint
Fathys be thys d.d.
164. CROMWELL TO JOHN RUSSELL.
Library of William Berington, Esq., of Little Malvcrn Court ; not in Cal.
Oct. 8 (1536).
Requests him to keep the person of whom he has written in custody,
until Cromwell can get leisure to examine the matter. Cf. Letter 161.
In my right hertie marvr I comende me vnto you Adurr-
tesing the same that I haue receyucd yo//r l<7/<-res w/'t// also
thinformacibns ayenst the person that ye wrote to me of
wherein being at this tyme enbusied aboutrj other affaires
of greater importance I haue none oportunytc to answer you
conucnyently, but rather gyuyng you tliankcs for yowr payncs
taken in that behalf do rcquyre and pray you for the tyme to
comyttc the saide person to wardc and sauf custodic till this
troubclous season be a little quyeted that I may haue leyso///-
to order the maticr accordyngly not doubtyng but or this yc
haue reccyued the kingrjlr/A-rcs thcffectc and teano///- whereof
I doubt not yc will ensue according to suchc trust as the
binges highncs hathc cowmyttcd vnto you in that behalf
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 33
And so Fare ye well at Wyndeso«r the viij11* daye of
October
Yo«r louyng Freende
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
In your monasterye I wyll do my best
Add. To my louyng frende Mr. John Russel oon* of the
counsaile in the marches of Wales.
165. CROMWELL TO THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY.
Heralds' College of Arms ; Shrewsb. MSS. A. f. 61 ; Cal. xi. 612.
Oct. 9, 1536.
Thanks him profusely for his letters, and praises his loyal service to
the King. Informs him that all the munitions he wrote for are
on the way.
My singuler good lord after my most hertye Recowmen-
dacyons this shalbe to adu^rtyse the same of the Recept of
your honorable \e tares the sight wherof -with the demonstra-
cyon of your Nobyll courage and trowthe hath so cowflfortyd
me that whylys I lyue and yf I myght after my deth I wooll
& woolde honour yow & your posteryte as the man and most
woorthye Erll that euer seruyd a prynce and suche a chefFtayn
as ys worthye eternal I glorye my lorde I assure [you] I wrytt
thys vfit/i my veray hart and I pray god to gyue me sum
occasyon to doo yow pleasure whyll ye lyue and to your
posteryte yf I ouer lyue yow. I woold ye knew as well as
I how the kinges highnes reputyth your most acceptable
& Loyall seruyce which ye shall right well rvrsayue by the
Tenowr of his gracyous letteres to yow dyrectyd at thys tyme
my lord all suche habylymentt^j & munyscyons For the
warrys which yow wrott For w*t^ money plentye ys alredye
vppon the way towardes yow & shall god willing be witA yow
shortlye and thus our lorde send your lordshyp as long lyf
and aswell to Fare as I woold myself, and then ye sholde be
in goodd helth and but xxx yeres of age. Wrytten at
Wyndsor the ixth daye of October anno R. R.1 H. viii. xxviii"1
w/t/r the hastye and layserles hande of hym that ys yours
in hert
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray good Lorde my lord of Shrewisbury
lord Stewarde of the kinges houshold.
1 i, e. Regni Regis.
MEKK1MAN. II D
34 LETTERS OF [1536
166. CROMWELL TO MR. GOSTWICK AND MR. STOMPE.
R. O. CaL xi 875. Oct. 26 (1536).
Requests them to suffer Lord Powis to occupy the monastery of Strad-
marsell in Montgomeryshire, as it was sold to him before the making
of the Act for the dissolution of religious houses.
I commend me hartely vnto you. And for asmochc as the
Monastery of Stradmarsell in Powes land was bargayncd and
sold vnto my lord Powes and he in possession therof before
the makyng of the act. I require you to suffer my sayd lorde
powes to occupie and enioye the same accordyngly, till suche
tyme that you shall come hither that I may more largely de-
clare and shcwe vnto you the kinges pleasure in that behalfe,
hauyng regard that ye leve suche goodes and [chat]allys as be-
longed to the sayd monastery w/t^ my sayd lord or his depute
by bill indented betwixt my lord or his depute and you, men-
cionyng eurry thing particulerly, and thesayd lord powes shall
not only make answer therfore, but also for the rentes and
profits therof, if the case shall so require. Thus fare ye well.
From Wyndesore the xxvi* day of October.
Yo«r louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add* To my lovyng fryndts Maister Gostwike and Maister
Stompe the Kmges Cowmyssioners in North Wales and to
cu*ry of them
Endd. my lorde pr/vye scale is k//nres Resayued the xx*
daie of Marche
167. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS BUTLER.
R. O. Cal. xi. 919. Oct 30 (1536).
The King thanks him for his diligence, and Cromwell rejoices to hear
that the Earl of Derby and others are so loyal. Desires him to be
vigilant.
Maister Butler aftre my right harty commcndac/ons having
receyued your Lttteres sent vnto me by your seruaunt w/t/r
other instructions sent also by the same. I hauc not only
declared your diligence and approved trouth therin expressed
to the kingss highnes Who giveth vnto you for the same his
right harty thankrj. But do myself moche rcioyse bothe to
here of the towardnes of my Lorde of Derbye and to pmreyve
the loyaltie of all youe the gentlemen and others the kingw
good subgiccto in those parties. The sequel of whichc trouth
J5361 THOMAS CROMWELL 35
shall not be more acceptable to his Maiestie thenne bew^ficial
to yourselfas as a thing p;rseruyng that pollicye w;t//out the
whiche they that haue most gotten by their honest industry
shuld be in worst cace. I haue procured suche L^/teres of
thanks as you desired and the same send vnto you by this
berer. And thus desiring you to be vigilant nowe in this
queysie tyme I bid you aswel to fare as I wold my self From
Wyndeso//r the penultime of Octobr.
Your assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my lovyng Freend S*> Thomas Butler knight
yeve this in hast
168. CROMWELL TO (LORD HuNGERFORD)1.
Longford Castle MSS. ; not in Cal. Nov. 4 (1536).
Thanks him for transmitting the confessions and prophecies of certain
persons. He has done well in committing Sole and Spicer to prison.
They may remain there until he hears the King's pleasure concerning
them.
Thiese shalbe to advertise the same that I ha[ve] resceyved
your lettres with the deposicions and confessions of certayne
persones and a boke, wherin was writen amonges other thynges
certain prophecies accordyng to your lettres. And for your
good procedynges in that behalfe ye have assuredly deserved
of the Kynges Highnes right harty & condigne thankes. And
wher ye have commetted Richard Sole and Richard Spicer
to prison ye have done very well therin requyryng you they
may remayne ther in saff and sure custodie and kepyng untill
suche tyme as ye shalbe further advertised of the kynges
pleasure in that behalfe.
Wyndesore 4 Nov.
Signed
169. CROMWELL TO SIR RALPH EVERS THE YOUNGER.
R. O. Cal. xi. 1032. Nov. 10 (1536).
The King will always remember his good service. If the rebellion con-
tinues, it will be subdued in such a way that it will be a fearful
example to all subjects.
Maister Evers, aftrr my most hertie cowm[endation]s I as-
sure you ther was neuer man of yo«r sorte & degree tha\. hadd
1 From the official Record Office transcript,
D 3
M LETTERS OF [1536
more cawsc to rcioyse [at the g]ood service doone to his
maister then you have at ////'s tyme of your fidclitic and
trouthe shewed to [his m]aiestye our most dradd sou/rayne
lord, as this b[earer] cannc partly advertise yow. For you
shall that god sending his
grace liff, ye shall not in wo[ordes] oonely but in dead«
jvrsave howc thankf[ully] his grace dooith accept the same.
And his highnes haith putt ewry thyng nowe in suche par-
fitt order [that] if thes rebelky doo contynuc eny lengar in
their rebellyon Doubt you not but ye shall see theym so sub-
dued as their example shalbe fearfull to all subgiett/\r whill< \
the woorld dooith endure. And for my part I promyse yow
thai I doo moche reioyse that you have prooved in this
honest sorte. And you maye be assured tha\. if I maye at
eny tyme doo vnto yow eny pleaswr ye shall have the same
as redy[ly] as my dere freend And thus fare you hertely
woll From Wcstmynster the xth dayc of Novembre.
Yo«r Loving freend
THOMAS CROOMWELL.
Add. To my loving freend Sir Rauf Evers the youngar
knyght
170. CROMWELL TO GARDINER AND WALLOP.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 222 ; Cal. xi. 1091. Nov. 17 (1536).
Informs him that the proposals of the French ambassadors for the
marriage of Mary and Angouldme have been ' slenderly ' answered.
Directs him to keep himself 'in indifferent tcrmes' in his conferences
with Francis.
Aftre my right harty cowmendacions, Thise shalbe taduer-
tise youe that Monsieur Pomeray wit/t the Ambassador/- here
resident haue sythens the dispechc of the king^r Last Lf/ttres
vnto youc, entreated styll the matier of the mariage, but their
commencement of the same in such slcndre and sleight sorte
as Ponvrey did at his arryva[l] set it forwarde, hathe brought
them furthc almost as slendre an answer, at the lest an answer
soo general, that it doth neither refuse their alliance ne mochc
cncorage them, to conceyve that they maye without difficultie
obteyn their desire, as by the veray copie of the same answer
whiche you shal rcceyve herwit// youe shall p^rceyve, being
made by the hole counsail and not in sper/altie by the kingrr
hi^hncs, Wherfor his grace desireth you in yo«r conference
wit// the French king to kepe yowrself in suche indifferent
termcs, as if he seme to note any slacknes on this side youe
may rather turnc it to him, and yet to pryck him nothing
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 37
more forwarde in the accelerac/bn of thende therof, thenne of
himself he woll ned« vse. Our matiers here be yet at a good
steye and soo I trust they shall contynue having no i«novac/bn
sithens the writing of the king^j said last ]e Meres, and yet
I doubt not but you here there many wonders. And thus
Fare you most hartely wel From the Roulkr the xviith of
N'ouembr.
"Your lordshippis and your assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray louing frende s my lorde of Winchester
and Sir John Wallopp Knight : the King** s Ambassadors
resident in the courte of Fraunce.
Endd. 17th November. The Lorde Prime Seal.
171. (CROMWELL) TO (THE DUKE OF SUFFOLK).
R. O. Cal. xi. 1177. Nov. 27 (1536).
Has discharged John Brown and John Patison of Louth, who were com-
mitted to the Fleet, as they have proved themselves upon examination
to be honest men.
After my right harty recowmendacion vnto your good
grace thiese shalbe to adurrtise thesame that I have caused
John Browne of lowthe and John Patison of thesame towne
to be apprehended and cow/mytted theym vnto the Flete, till
vpon the due examynacion of theym, they haue declared
theymself in suche maner like honest men that I haue dis-
charged theym, and geven theym licence to repayr vnto theyr
houses, desiryng your grace to be good lord vnto theym as
the cace shall require, thus the blessid Trenyte pres^rue your
grace. From london the xxviith day of November.
172. (CROMWELL) TO THOMAS WINGFIELD.
R. O. Cal. xi. 1259. Dec 6 (1536).
Reproaches him for his inefficiency and wastefulness as comptroller of
the King's works at Dover. Desires him to reduce the number
of his servants, and in future to act with the consent of the master
of the Maison Dieu.
The copie of the \etteres sent to Thomas Wyngfeld Con-
trollowr of the k'mges grac^j workv s at Dover.
Mr. Wingfeld after my herty commendations I can not
a litel mervaile to here and vnderstand how evill the King^j
Ma/Vjtie hath ben served ther by a sorte of you whom his
highnes hath put in trust whiche bothe in respecte of your
38 LETTERS OF [1536
dueties and for that his grace geveth you right honest wag™
ought to have vsed his highnes ferrc otherwise. For first to
begyn wit/i you I have p/rfait knowlege that if ye had don/
your duetic specially among™ the rest for that you be the
Controllewr of the work/* the King™ highnes myght almost
have saved the one half of that whiche hath ben there rather
spoyled from hym by naughty meanes then well spent either
for his grac™ honour or the advancement of his purpose in
that worke And howe you shuld answer therunto if ye were
called to theaccompte of it I am in grete Doubte. For nowe
I knowe howe ye have vsed your office, and howe others
that were put in trust have deceyved myn opinion in them.
Seconde it appereth right well howe litel ye regarde his graces
charger and howe moche you sett by your owne profit (If
spoyle may be called profitj and by the setting furth to the
king™ charge of those that It liketh you wit^ the king™ purse
to maynteyne when at the last order taken for discharge of
somr part of the workemen ye have kept in a grete many
men as clerk™ and suche other that be veray chargeable to
the king™ maieste And reteyned onely in a grete nombre
xxx laborers. This maner of dealing Mr. Wingfeld is suche
as I am right sory to see passe you that shuld be a man of
honestie and sonv suche other as I thought wold not have
vsed themself™ as nowe I knowe they have done. You shuld
for yo«r part have ben the king™ housewief and specially
have loked to his graces profit. And you have devised vpon
nothing more then how to kepe his grace in grete charge to
a litel pwrpose. It is true that evill can he correct other that
in thesame cryme is gyltye and Reprovable hymself Wher-
fore first ye shal vndrstand the king™ pleas0*/r is ye shal there
reteyne onely foure clerk™ ooas for the check the same to be
Foxley, oons for the ligers oonr for the storehouse, the same
to be Eduard dawes, and an other for the call. Seconde his
grace hath appointed you for his comptroller there And
therfore his highnes thinketh that if ye will do your duetie
he shal neoV non other overseer. In the rest his grace woll
have no greter nombre of any sorte then shalbe necessarye
and those men mete to serve hym Thyrdely his grac™ plca-
soi/r is you shal make no prouision neder any thing touching
those work™ but with the advyse and consent of the Maister
of the Mayson Dieu. Whiche ye must observe as ye woll an-
swer. And his grace woll allowe no suche fat Fees of Iron and
other thing™ as hath been there taken. Remember that his
grac™ fees that he giveth to every of you is right honest and
that his Favour is moche better If wit// a narrowe respect
to your owne private lucer you lose worthely his graces favowr
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 39
and so be brought onely to answer to the partes of your pre-
ceding*^, you woll lose in the shire that you have gotten in
the hundreth. Wherfore lett this be a warnyng for you and
cause you to waye your duetie as his gracw work^j may go
foreward wzt//out further charge then very necessite shal re-
quyre And so fare ye well From the Roules the vito day of
December.
The k'mges pleasowr is ye shal admitte onely for an overseer
Robert Thomeson Brother to this berer.
Endd. The Copie of my lordes \etteres To Mr. Wyngfeld
cowtrollewr of the workes at Dover.
173. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 236; Cal. xi. 1317. Dec. 16 (1536).
The King requests him to endeavour to maintain the amity between
England and France. Promises to send money as soon as possible.
Encloses three copies of treaties.
Aftre my moost harty cowmendaczbns to your lordshippe
Touching the king^ affayres in thise private L^/teres I shal
write nothing being the same sufficiently] treated in myn
other k/teres nowe by his graces cowmaundement addressed
vnto youe, whiche ye shal receyve herw/t^ theffect wherof his
grace doubtethe not but ye wil setfurthe vritA such dexteritie
as shal both nurishe and entretayn thamytie, and conduce
thaffayres to his highnes desire. Concernyng your request for
money albeit by the reason of the hasty dispeche of this post
and other things I could not nowe satisfie you therin yet
I shal vfit/t asmoch spede as I may take suche ordre in the
same as ye shall haue cause to be contented, I sende you thre
copies of treaties and confirmac/bns among^j the whiche
I think ye shall haue that ye wrote for, And thus having non
other matier at this tyme worthy writing but that our Maister
our Mastras and all your freendes here be mery and in
health, desiring youe to make myn harty cowmendacrons to
Maister Wallop, I pray god sende youe wel to fare and
as good an ende in your busines, as I wold wishe and desire if
I were in your place. From Stepnaye the xvi* of Decembre
\our lordshyppis assuryd frend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray good lord my Lord of Winchestre
Endd. From Stepnaye t[he] xvith of Decemb[er] Mr.
Secretary]
40 LETTERS OF [1536
174. CROMWELL TO GARDINER 'AND WALLOP.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 237 ; Cal. xi. 1363. Dec 24, 1536.
Gives an account of the suppression of the revolt in the North, as he
hears that false rumours about it have been spread in France. Has
paid Peter Lark £100. Sends two letters from the King for the
reconciliation of the Earl of Angus with the Scottish King, and requests
Gardiner to urge the matter further.
Aftrc my right harty cowmenclac/ons to your Lordshippe
and semblably to youe Maistcr Walloppc, forasmoche as in
yo«r \fttfrcs of the xiii*1" of this moneth lately addressed to
the Icings highnes, it appereth to his grace amongrr other
things, that there be diurrse rumours spredde in those parties
of the late rebellion attempted in the North parties of this
realme, and specially oon that for mystrust whiche the nobles
and gentlemen had in the cowmens they were enforced to
appease the maticr wii/i certain conditions and articles.
To thintcnt you maye knowe the certaintie therof and prepare
yo«rself« the bcttre both to setfurth the same, and to answer
all men that wold say any thing to the contrary, his Maiestics
pleasure was I shuld signifie the rvrfite truth of thappcasing
of that trouble and commotion vnto youe, Whiche is, that first
there is nothing more false thenne that the commens assembled
for the kingrj partie were soo faynt and vnwilling, that they
wold not haue doon their dieuties if it had comen to ex-
tremytie, For you shal vndrestande the very same brute was
here told to the kingts Maiestie, wherupon his grace adurrtised
the Capitaines, and receyved answer that they had perused
and tryed their men and founde no oon but they durst affirme
wold doo his dieuty whenne the cace shuld require And I am
assured both by adurrtisementer made to the king and other-
wise, that the most partc of the kinges retynue in maner wept
whenne they were cowmaundcd to retyre considering the
rebelles were not more extremely punished, soo that you
maye affirme it for certain trouth, that onles the greate wise-
dom of the kings.; highnes forscing that the stroke of batail
shuld haue but only diminished his force and strcnght, and
been thoccasion of infinite mischieves, had given straictc
cowmaundcmcnt/-j to his licutc'/au/rt/*; as in dede he did, that
they shuld in no wise adventure his honour in batail, wherin
he could haue gotten nothing but destroyed his oune mcmbres
that be ready to scruc him, there had been suche extrcmytie
administrcd by the partie of his grace vppon the rebellfs as it
was to be feared the like was not seen in many yeres, And
nowc those that be indifferent maye see both the greate
wisedom and clemency of the king« Maiestie whiche did
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 41
rather deuise to prrserue his oune w*t// his honour, thenne
ieoparde the losing of his oune wherin thoughe he could not
haue lost honowr, in the cutting of, of those corrupt membres,
yet he shuld haue wanted the vse of them, whiche being heled
and recouped as they be, maye and wil euer stande him in
good stede, Seconde wheras it is reaported that the matier
shuld be taken vppe vtit/t conditions, and articles, it is truth
that at the begyning the rebelles made peticzbn to haue
obteyned certain articles, but in thende they went from all
and remytted all to the kingej highnes pleasure only in moost
humble and reuerent sorte desiring their pardon w*t^ the
greatest repentance that could be deuised, in somoche as in
their chief Article whiche next their pardon was for a parlia-
ment for that they might haue their pardon therin confirmed,
they remytted thappointement of the same holly to the kingej
Maiestie w/t^out the namyng of tyme place or any other
thing touching that matier, and this discours may you declare
to all men for truth, for no man with truth canne impugne the
same, And nowe my lord of NornW£ shall goo thither to lye
there as the kinges lieutenawnt for the administraabn of Justice,
and shall haue a counsail ioyned wzt^ him, as was appointed
to the Duke of Richmonde at his lieng in those parties,
Youe shall also receyve herwz't// two \etteres writen from the
kinges highnes in the fauowr of Therle of Anguishe and his
famylie, for their restituczbn and reconsiliaabn to the king of
Scatter fauowr, and the recouerey of their state in his realme,
Thone is directed to the Frenche king to desire him to ioyne
whk the kinges Maiestie in this sute or desire for that the said
Erie and his famylie haue been euer true and faithfull to the
king of Scotter aforsaid, and that it shuld be therfor both his
honour and surety to restore them, Thother to the kinges of
Scotter himself vppon like grounds and persuasions, whiche
\etteres the kinges highnes desireth youe to present to both
kinges, and to prosecute the obteyning of the kinges Maiesties
desire therin as ernestly and effectuelly as youe canne deuise,
vsing all the meanes youe canne excogitate of yo//r wisedomes
to conduce it to effecte, And his grace thinketh that no man
can supplie this parte better thenne you my lord of Win-
chestre, who hathe good experience of the honorable
demeanowr of the said Erie and his famylie towards the said
king of Scotter euer sithrwj their first cu;«myng into Englande,
and as it is thought of the cause of their departure also out of
Scotlande, whiche his highnes trusteth you woll setfurth
accordingly, And whereas you my lord of Winchestre write
for money declaring yowr nede therof, I haue this daye caused
c.u to be paid to your seruaunt Peter Larke, in whom I assure
42 LETTERS OF [1536
you there is no defaulte for calling vppon me, for I thinke him
many tymes to importune, but the faulte that is if there
be any must be imputed to the tyme and aftre christmas
I shall cause him to reccyve a greater sowme, trusting you
will be contented w/t/; this in the meanc season, You shall
further vndrestande the king« highncs is cnformed that
Mr. poles ssruavnt of whom you wrote is deteyned at Muttrel
whose delyuerance his grace wold you shuld in any wise in
suchc sorte sollicitc that you maye obteyne the same, cngreving
the maticr of his deteyndo«r as moche as your wisedom shal
thinke convenient. And Finally forasmoche as there hathe been
lately a fraye here betwene certain of thinhabitantrj of Flete
strete and thambassadowr of Fraunce his srruantrj vppon an
arrest wherin thambassado;/rs men were yvel handeled in cace
there shalbe anything said vnto you therm, the kingrr pleasure
is youe shall make answer that like as the madnes of men wil
suwtymc vse suche folyes as shalbe displeasant to themself«?j
and also to others, Soo his grace hathe caused that matier to be
examyned witA suche dexteritie, and hathe determyned to haue
the same soo punished, as it shalbe an exemple to others
howc to vse themselfrj in like caces heraftre And thus Fare you
hartely well From the Roullrt the xxiiiith of Decembr^.
Mr. poles sfruauntts name is Thrognvrton
Yowr lordshippis assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my vcray good Lorde my lorde of Winchestre,
and to my loving freende Sir John Wallop knight the king«
Ambassadors in Fraunce.
Endd. My lord pryvaye seal From the rowlrj the xxiiii111 of
Dccembre 1536
175. (CROMWELL) TO — , COMMISSIONER AT
DONCASTER.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 604, f. 64 b; Cal. xi. 1399. (Dec., 1536.)
Marvels that the gentlemen in the North have not kept the promise made
at Doncaster about the delivery of the suppressed monasteries.
Neuertheles in the reading of yowr l \et feres aswel
writcn to his highnes as to me both I and all the rest of my
lordfs of the counsail did not a litle mervayl to see that thing
by you verefied whiche by reaporte'j made by others befor was
signified vnto vs, that is, that the gentlemen had not performed
their promyses lately made to you and other his Majesties Cow-
1 c. 0. said
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 43
missionrrs at Dancastre, spea'ally in that pointe concernyng
the delyuerance of the possession of suche howses of religion
as were suppressed to those p^rsonnes whom his highncs had
appointed to be fermowrs to the same, And we all thought
that seing they haue Broken promyse therin w/'t// his grace, his
Maiestie shall not nede but at his pleasure to kepe promyse
in other things \vi\.k them, For surely we did moche mervayl
that considering they loke to haue a parliament at Yorke, they
wold haue soo litle regarde to thobseruac/on of suche l promyse
as they made whenne they required the same
176. (CROMWELL) TO (THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN).
R. O. Cal. x. 218. (1536).
Requests him to permit the Prior of Spalding in Lincolnshire to remain
undisturbed, and not to allow any ' busie falowes ' of the town to do
him injury. If harm comes to the Prior, Cromwell is bound to aid
him by his duty to the King.
My lord in myne hertie wise I commende me to you.
And where I visited lately by my depute the priorie of
Spalding and substancially reformed suche things as were
than to be reformed as I haue to shewe by the injunctions
which were gyven, forasmuche as that house p^rteyneth to my
cure and not to yours, being nouther founder nouther bene-
factor of the same, as I wol shewe you more at large when it
shal fortune me next to speke w*t^ your lordship. I desire
and require the same to suffer and p^rmitte the priour and the
cowuent there to lyve in quiet. And that certen busie falowes
of the towne of Spalding, be not mainteyned by yonr lordship
against the said priowr, bicause he wol not let the fermes of
his house to the greate dammage of the same, for denyeng
wherof the said priour hathr been put to muche treble and
inquietnes (as I am credibly informed). In whiche caas I must
and wol aide and succour the said priowr, as it appertayneth
to myne office, and to suche trust as the king^ grace hath
put in me cowornyng the religious persons and other of the
clergy of his realme.
177. (CROMWELL) TO STEPHEN VAUGHAN.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 283, f. 18 ; Cal. x. 376. (September, 1535 *.)
Promises him reward for his expedition to Germany on the King's behalf,
and thinks he has no cause to distrust the King's liberality or
Cromwell's friendship. He is to take ^5,000 to Denmark, and
bestow it as Bonner and Cavendish direct
Stephen Vaughan in my right hertie wise I cowmende me
vnto you Adu^rtesing the same that being absent from the
1 f. o. pact/j * sic, see Notes
44 LETTERS OF [1535
Courte your \etttrcs addressed vnto me chaunced amongst
others to com to the hand™ of the king™ highnes who in myn
absence bothe opened and reddc them and at my repairee
aycn to the courte delyurred them vnto me willing me to
answer you in this wise foloxving. First his maicste p^rceyu-
ing yowr obedience in herte to thaccomplisshment of all his
iust cowmaundement^j and yowr willing mynde and towarde-
nes to do him s^ruyce gyueth you therefore his hertie and
condigne thank™ but his highnes thinkcth ye haue no cause
to make any rcpeticion eyther of suche charges as ye haue
susteyned by doing his grace scruice or of suche money as ye
are bounde to pay him for the subsidie graunted by acte of
parliament which being so graunted he is intiteled vnto by
a lawfull meane and ncu^rtheles doubtyth not but ye will wi'bfc
as good herte be contented to pay the same as any other of
his louyng subicct™ And for your l service * considering s not
onelie the a«nuell Fee of xx" but also the office which his
highnes latclie gaue you of the Facultees 4 Not doubting but
all such charg™ as ye haue susteyned aswell in yowr voyage
into Germany as otherwise in doing his grace srruyce eyther
be or shalbc condignelie requyted, his highnes thinketh that
consideration] had thereunto ye nede not either to complayne
or mistruste his munyfycence 6 liberalise and gentilnes who be
you assured is of suche benignetie 6 as will not suffer any of
his faithfull srru[a]nt™ by doing his grace smiyce to susteyn
any losse charge or to be vnrequyted accordyng to his
demeryt™. And for yowr parte doubt ye not but in that ye
haue don vnto his grace faithfull and trew s/ruyce and so to do
I doubt not will contynew as ye7 shall haue occasion, his
highnes in thacquytall thereof will so remember you as y<-
shall well p^rceyue and knowe that he is yowr gracious and
benigne Sourrcigne lorde which he willed me expressely to
8 adusrtisc you of. Signefieng vnto you fcrthcr that prrceyu-
ing by yowr lr//rres how gret a suspicion ye haue conceyuid
of my frendeship and old amytie toward™ you (whereof I can-
not but mcruailc) I must ned™ playnelic say vnto you, that
ye ar farre ourrshotte in that behalf, For if ye do well consider
my dealing wit// you from the first to the last ye shall Fynde
that I haue eu^r ben yowr grete Frende wi't//out curr making
any semblaunce or gyuyng you 9 cause to thinkc the contrary
And as I haue ben yowr frende so I am and assure you wilbe,
1 c. 0. charges susteynid in doing * c. 0. Supposing
bis grace s c. 0. and
• c. o. his highnes sayeth that ' c. a. towards his
for thinketh you portclie requyted T c. 0. shalbc
1 c. 0. suche * (. a. wryte * * c. 0. any
1535] THOMAS CROMWELL 45
your meryter & deserter (as therein I haue no man^r of
diffidence or mistrust) requyring the same, as ye shall
assuredlye Fyndc me l aswell redy to do you good now as
I euer was Aduising you therefore to vse your frende accord-
itfglye and not ou^rmoche to presse your frende for frendeship
where ye may alwayes determyn yowrself to be assured of the
same nor to conceyue any like suspicion in your Frende till
you haue cause which I am sure ye haue not had nor shall
haue at my hande. But now for thaccomplisshement of your
voyage and for your better instruction what ye shall do in the
same which I doubte not ye will execute according to the
kingrj trust, ye shall vnderstonde that his highnes pleasure is
that the V.M'li. 2 which ye haue receyved of Anthony Deny
ye shall convey being packed as Body either hathe or will
shew you in the parties of Denmarke by See and in suche
a ship called the Swepestake as is appoynted to you and
Crw/ofor Morys for that purpose keping alwayes the saide
money -with you as closely as ye can so as no man know of it
but yowrself and such as ye dare well trust And when ye shall
arryve in the saide parties to repaire -with the saide money to 3
the castel of Werberge where you shall fynde Doctour Bon^r
and Rychard Cauendish being the Kingly Ambassadowrs
there shewing them thereof and as they shall ferther aduise
you so to do 4. So as if they shall thinke it good and determyn
to pay the saide money or parte of it vppon suche conuen-
auntcs as they shal pacte condiscende and conclude that then
ye shall delyurr and pay the same or as moche of it as they
shal aduise you and by their consent, Orelkj to deteyne and
kepe it wit/i you still and to bring it home wit A you agayn or
cowmytte it to such sure custody and keping as ye may com
by it at your pleasure to be repayed into the king^r coffres at
your reto«rne. And in case the saide Docto«r Bon^r and
Cauendish shal conuenawnte and conclude to pay parte of the
saide money and not all that then ye do semblablie bring
home the residue, Folowing in all things? the dyrection of the
saide Boner and Cauendish touchyng the imployment of the
saide money as is aforsaide 6. And because ye desire to be
well Furnisshed in money, albeit ye shall now go by see where
1 c. 0. in all redynes I shall myself speke w/tA
* i.e. 5,000 pounds you orell« I will not faile to sende
' c. o. the king« you yo;/r Instructions signed w/tA
4 c. o. in all things accor- the kyng« hande to induce you
dinglie in all things; what ye shall do in
* c. a. I doubte not but or yo«r yowr saide voyage. And because
ship and all other things neces- you desire to be well
sary for your dcpechce be in a
46 LETTERS OF [153;,
ye shal l be at no grete * charge 8 yet the kynges highnes is
contente to allow you xiilr iiiu/ by the day so long as ye be
fourth, and to let you haue in press monethes Dyettrj after
that rate aforehande which ye shall receyue of Sir Bryan Tukc
by this my \ftfsre hereinclosed whensoeurr ye shall repaire 4 to
him a or to Alen Hawt for the same. And as touching your
money for yowr last voyage into Flaundres amounting to the
some of xliiu' xvj. viijV. Resorte you to Willyamson my
sfruauntc making him a sufficient acquittaunce for the same
and he shall pay you indelayedlie as I haue now wrytten to
him for that purpose. And so Fare ye well.
178. (CROMWELL) TO (STEPHEN VAUGHAN).
R. O. Cal. x. 377. (September, 1535 •.)
The King thanks him for his readiness to undertake the expedition to
Denmark. He is to have 13*. $d. a day for his diets. He is not
to deliver the money except with consent of Bonner and Mont.
I cowmend me hartely vnto you. And havyng resceyved
your \fttere I do perceyve that ye have resceyved the kinges
highnes l///n-es and myne concernyng the kynges pleasure for
your preparacion towards the parties of Denmark, ye shall
understand that I beyng absent from the Cowrte the kingrr
highnes resceyved yowr \fttere and had redde eu*ry word
therof, and givethc you condigne thanki; for yo«r towardly
preparacion and the good hart and will that ye have to do
vnto hys highnes acceptable s^ruice. His pleasure is also
that ye shall haue for your dieltes duryng this iowrncy
thirtene shillyngw and fower pence a day. And I haue
writen to Sir Brian Tuke to deliver vnto you before hand for
yowr diettrj for thre monthes, whiche I doubte not ye shall
resceyve at your pleasure. Ye shall passe by the See in a
shippe that is prepared for that purpose called the Swepe-
stake, wherein ye shall convey yowr money after the sccretest
maner that ye canne. And doubte ye nothyng but yowr
srruice shalbe right well considered at lengthe. The kinges
pleasure is that ye shall not delyver the money out of yowr
power but by the consent of Doctour Boner and Cristofer
Mount.
1 f. 0. haue no * c. 0. or yourself or sende
* c. o. cause of • c. o. for
1 f. o. & expencu ' sic, see Notes
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 47
179. CROMWELL TO THE DEPUTY AND COUNCIL OF
IRELAND.
R. O. Cal. x. 1051. (1536.)
Requests him to delay the Act of Succession in the Irish Parliament if it
has not yet been ' passed thoroughly.' The King sends William Body
with instructions that a yearly revenue be secured, to pay for the
repression of treasonable attempts in future.
In my right harty maner I Cow/mende me vnto youe
Lating youe wit that the kinges highnes having seen the
L^/teres writen from youe Maister Brabazon vnto me con-
teyning a recytal of suche Actes as haue been in this session
of that parliament passed the nether and higher houses there
and rest only vppon the royall assent doth accept in very
good parte your Labours paynes and Travailes in the con-
ducing of the same to their desired purpose and giveth
therfor vnto youe all his moost harty thanks. Albeit his
pleasure is that in cace thacte for the succession be not
passed thoroughly ye shall staye the same tyl further know-
leage of his grac^j pleasure whiche shalbe shortly signified
vnto you in that behaulf. Vntil the signification wherof his
pleasure also is ye shall contynue the parliament w/t/j suche
other matiers as ye shall thinke mete to Betreated on and
remembred in the meane tyme. And Forasmoche as his
Maiestie hathe Lately writen vnto youe and to the Lordly
and cowmens then assembled to deuise howe the chargies
that his grace hath susteyned may be partely recompensed
and the like born of the revenues there vppon the ministraczbn
of semblable occasion as hathe lately chaunced by the rebel-
lion of Thomas Fitzgarrat and his Complices, his highnes
mynding to knowe certainly howe ye haue provided in that
matier hath at this tyme destinated and sent vnto you this
Berer my s^ruaunt Will/am Bodye wz't// whom like as his
grac^j pleasure is ye shall communicate all that ye haue
doom- therin \vitA the inclynaabns of all parties to the same,
Soo ye shall give vnto him full and vndoubted credence in
suche things as he shall declare touching that matier who
hathe been sufficiently instructed and enformed for the declara-
tion of his mynde touching that p/<rpose preceding wit// him
soo spedily therin as he may again return w/t// diligence. Ye
shal also vndrestande that forasmoche as the king« Maiestie
hathe given vnto tharchbisshop of Dublyn the hole revenue
due of his Archbisshopriche sythens Michelmas last passed
his pleaswr is that youe Maistr Brabazon shall eyther
delyuer the same to the said bodye or dies in cace it be
48 LETTERS OF [1536
employed in the kingly affaires there signific the certain some
therof to thintent it maye be deducted of suche moneys as
shall shortly be sent thither. For ye shall vndcrstande that
his chargies here hath been greate by reason wherof he is
moche indebted and must discharge the same of
whiche is appointed of the said Bisshop . . . vnto him. For
whom in the meane tyme [I haue] vndertaken vritA all his
Creditowrs [and do] therfor desire and praye youe to take such
order as he maye eythcr from thens or [hence] by yo«r
lymitacibn receyve his dieuty accordingly.
Your lordshippis and other of the k'mges pryuey counsaill
assuryd Freend THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Endd. A minute of a \e/ferc to my lord Lenard and other
of the king« counsaill in Ireland.
A Remembrance to Will/Vzm Body concernyng his Jornaye
into Ireland.
First the said Will/Vim taking w/tA him suche L^//rres as
be prepared for his dispcche shall witA convenient diligence
addresse himself thither, and at his arryvall at Dublyn or suche
other place as the deputie shalbe thenne in, shall to the same
delyuer the said Lttttres wj'tA myn harty and effectual reco»»-
mendac/bns to him and all others of the kinges highnes
counsail there.
And forasmoche as the kingw Maiestie vppon the remem-
brance of the importable chargies which his grace hathe been
at in the defence of his loving faithfull and obedient sub-
giecttej there against the malices of the Thomas Fitzgarrad
his Allyes and complices, amounting to xlm li ! sterling and
above hath Lately considered that it shalbe expedient for him
being a prince of hono«r and supreme hed and gourr nowr of
that land and domynion to haue some direction taken for the
cowtynual yerely payment of suche a revenue to his grace his
heires and successoars as maye aswell defende and represse
suche attemptatrj whenne they shal prrcace insurge, as in tymc
of pcax bothc redubbe that which shalbe in warre expended
and advauncc vnto his Maiestie suche a revenue, as maye
encourage him to haue the more care and regarde to his sub-
giectttt there, and therupon writen to the said deputy Coun-
sail the lordfs and cowmcns then assembled in the parliament
to dcuisc in suche wise uppon this matier as the desired
purpose therof might take effect, whiche his grace doubteth
1 i. c. 40,000 pounds.
1536] THOMAS CROMWELL 49
not but they will travail wit// suche dexteritie taccomplishe
as may be to his highnes satisfaction wherof shall ensue their
oune suretye. The said Will/am bodye shall require of the
said Lord Deputie and counsail knowleage of their proced-
inges in this behaulf, and what they haue deuised for the
furtherance of the same, in what sorte and howe the nombre
will by all lightlywood be appliable to the graunting therof
Whiche pointes he shall note in writing aftre suche sorte as he
may at his returne prrfitely and plainly declare and explicate
eurry parte and circuwstance of the same.
Endd. A remembraunce to William Body for the iowmey
towardes Irelande.
180. CROMWELL TO THE PRIOR OF COXFORD.
R. O. Cal. xi. 485. (1536.)
Informs him that his house, though on the list of those to be suppressed,
has been saved by Cromwell's efforts. Asks him in return to lend
him £40. Cf. Letter 163.
Ryght Reurrent Father In god I Recomme«d me to yow
etc & the cawys off my wrytyng att thys tyme ys thys For as
myche as ytt pleasrj the kyng off hys Regall power to take
Refformaa'on off all and syngulrr bowser off Relygyon w*'t//
In thys hys Reme For the abbwcyon off ther lyfiyng and
some schalbe deposyd off the wyche yower howse was namyd
yett nott w/t/z stand yng by the Instans of yower Frynd^j, tyll
the Retorne off thys my Chaplaine and kynysman I do kepe
yo harmeles were Fore I wyll that yow Receiue (him) as ye
wold me yff I were prrsent Furtherl wyll thys prrwess co«-
sedrryd wyche belongs (to) the welthe off yower howse that
ye must do me some pleswr^ wyche ys to lend me xl 1. the
wyche schalbe payd yow a gane, and For yower payment ye
schall Ressawe a byll off my hand were In ys sett no su/«
but loke how myche as ye delyurr so myche to wrytt In and
thys doyn I schallbe Redy to kepe yow owtt off danger as
the berer here off can scho yow more planely namore to yow
buthat yow loke to the panys off thys berer Wryttyn att
london
By me THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To the Reurrent Father In god priowr off Cokeys-
ford by thys d. d.
MEKR1MAN. II
50 LETTERS OF [1537
181. CROMWELL TO JAMES BETTYS AND RICHARD PALSHID,
OFFICERS OF THE CUSTOMS AT SOUTHAMPTON.
R. O. Cal. xii. (i) 189 (i). Jan. 22 <i$37>-
Requests them to permit 200 sacks of wool belonging to Anthony Guydot
to pass the customs ; they are to take securities for the subsequent
payment of all duties on them.
I commend me hartely vnto you. And wher as my frend
Anthony Guydot hath of longe tyme sued vnto the k'mges
highnes for his licence to convey wolles out of this Realme
and hathe for that intent and purpose provided (as he saythe)
two hundreth sackvj. I shall therfore require you that ye pfr-
myt and suffer the sayd Anthony or his assignes to passe
and lade thesayd nombre of two hundreth sackrj in any
shippe of this Realme or of any other parties beyng in liege
and amytie \vt\A the kingrj highnes and to convey thesame
into the parties of beyond the see at his or their liberty and
pleasure, takyng of hym or of his sayd assignes good and
sufficient suretie suche as ye will answer for, to pay the klnges
custumes and other duties whiche shalbe due vnto his highnes
for thesame, at yere and yere after the shippyng therof, and
I shall see you haue sufficient discharge for thesame. thus
fare ye hartely well. At the rolles the xxii* day of January.
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my loving fryndfs James Bettys and Richard
Palshid Custumers of the towne of Southampton and to either
of theym.
Endd. my lord pr/vyseale To the Customers of Suth<?;;//>-
\cn to let passe shippinge for wolles
182. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 251 ; Cal. xii. (i) 626. Mar. II (1537).
Sends by the bearer the King's answer to Gardiner's letter, and his
decision about Gardiner's remaining abroad. Sends also letters
from Suffolk about the latter1 s affairs in France.
Aftrc my moost harty cowmcndacibns to youre lordshippe
ye shal by this bersr your ssruaunt receyve the King« highnes
W/^res of answer to yours sent by Fraunces the Curro//r w/'t//
his graces further resoluc/on touching yowr Icngre abode, or
spedy return as the cace shal require, like as by the contents
of the same whiche I doubt not but your lordship wil in
'537] THOMAS CROMWELL 51
curry condition soo setfurth as shalbe both consonant and
agreable to his pleasure nowe signified, and yet witSi the same
soo entretayn the amytie as shal appertayn, ye shal more
plainly p^rceyve I sende also vnto youe herw/'t// certain
k7/rres from my lord of SufiW£ touching his matier I suppose
there depending in controuersie, the setting furth of which
matier also I Recow/mende to your lordship hartely requiring
the same in suche wise to set it furthe and in suche effectuel sorte
the rather for my sake to sollicite and followe it, as he maye
therin obteyne fauorable iustice \vitA spede and convenient
celeritie, your travayl wherin as he himself may p^rtely
desrrue, soo for my parte I shal as thankfully accepte them
as if the same were employed in myn oune cause, And thus
most hartely Fare youe wel From the Roullrj the xjth of
Marche at night
Your lordshippis assuryd freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good lord my lord of Winchestre.
Endd. From the Roulles the xith of Marche Mr. Secre-
tary.
183. CROMWELL TO THE OFFICERS OF DOVER AND
CALAIS.
R. O. Cal. xii. (i) 707. Mar. 23, 1537.
Passport for John de Lissasson, who goes to France with one servant, one
horse and 40 crowns of the sun in money.
After herty cowmendaabn Thies shalbe to aduertise you
that the Kingtt maiestie hath geven and graunted leave and
licence vnto John de Lissasson seruaunt of The Bishop of
Tarbe the Frenshe Kingrj ambassadewr here resident to
departe oute of this his highnes Realme, towne and marches
of Calais and to passe togeder w*t// his owne srruaunt and oone
horse Also the some of Fortye crownes soleil or the value
therof or vnder in redy money gold or syluer what soever
coyne it be w*t/* his \ettcrzs baggrj bagagtt and necessaries at
his liberte and w/t// the same to go in to the parties of
Fraunce w*t//oute any maner your lett trouble vnlawfull serche
interruption or Impcdimewt to the contrary. Wherefore I late
you to wit his maieste s pleasur and cowmandement is ye and
every of you shal prrmitte and suffer hym so to departe
and passe wit A oone horse and thesaid xl crorrnes in maner
and fowme aforesaid. Thus Fare ye well From the King^s
E 2
52 LETTERS OF [1537
palace at Wcstmi/w/rr the xxiii*11 day of Marche the xxviii111
ycre of the most prosperouse Reygne of our sourrayn Lord
King Henry theight
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my loving FreendV^ the Mfaiers] bailiffXr Coustu-
mfrs Controllers Serchers and other the Icings officers ministres
and Subiect/*j Aswell at Dover and any other partrj of his
gracAr Realme As also at his towne and marches of Calais.
And to every of them.
184. CROMWELL TO THE PRIOR AND CONVENT OF
WENLOCK.
R. O. Cal. xii. (i) 889. Apr. 10 (1537).
Desires them to make out a lease of the farm of Clun in Shropshire to
Adam Onley, as the persons to whom they had previously leased the
reversion have forged a new lease and cancelled the old one.
My good lorde in my hartye wyse I commend me vnto
yowe And wher as ye of Late grauntyd and dyd let to Ferme
vnto Thomas Crowther and Wylliom Horwode the reumryon
of the personage of Clon and the Chapellrj and all the
prcbendfs tythes and proffyto to the same parsonage belong-
ing for terme of certen yerys to begyn ymmedyatly Aftur an
olde lease therof made for terme of certen yerys to oonr John
Harley gentylman endyd and determynyd And wher as
the said Thomas Crowther and Willwm Horwod by craft
pollycye and falshode vsid between them and a brother of
youres nowe of Late haue stollen owt the Covent scale of
your Howse unknowyng to yowe and your brethern and haue
cownterfetyd and forged a newe lease of the prraiysses And
haue cancelled the olde lease by meanys wherof the said ncwe
Lease which they nowe haue forged ys clerly voyde by the
lawe And the free dysposyc/on of the said parsonage ys nowe
in yowe and your brothern, I thcrfor hartely requyer and
instantly desyer yowe that ye at this my request and contem-
plactbn make a Lease of the same benyfyce and other the
p/rmysses vnto my frende Adam Onley brother unto the
Kingrj Attorney of his Cowrt of the Augme»tac/on of the
revenues of His Crowne And in yo«r so doyng ye shall doo
me synguler pleasur whych I will god willing gladly reaquyte
in any your prrsut^j heraftur to be made And that ye certefye
me by wrytyng by the bryngar herof what ye intend to do in
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 53
the p/rmysses at this my contemplac/on. And thus hartely fare
ye well Frome London the Xth daye of Apryll.
Yottr Freend
THOMAS CRUMWF.LL.
Add. To the Reuerend father in god, the lorde prior of
Wenlok & Cowvent of the same.
185. CROMWELL TO MARGARET QUEEN OF SCOTS.
R. O. Cal. xii. (i) 1198. May 14, 1537.
Has prevailed on the King to promote her quiet and ease, as the bearer
will show. Promises to serve her in every way possible, and sends
her a token of cramp-rings.
My dueuty humbly remcmberd Pleasith yo//r grace to be
aduertised that I haue receyved your sundry L^/fcres And
Like as according to the contents of the same I haue travailed
\vit/t the K'mgcs Maiestie my most dradde Sourraign lorde
and Maister for the conducing of your graces desires to suche
frame and pointe as might be to your good satisfaction, whiche
his highncs like your most kinde and loving brother hathe of
himself been gladde to advaunce and setforward for your
graces quiet and cowmoditie as this bcrer canne more at
Large declare vnto you Soo I shall in all things wherin I
maye convenyewtly doo your grace any sted or srruice, as
willingly and gladly applie myself therunto, as you canne
desire it of me, beseching your grace as you maye w/t//out
your incowmoditie that I may from tyme to tyme be adurr-
tised of the occurranter of those parties, whiche I shall asferre
as I maye desrrue again in the sollicitac/on of your honorable
causes, I sende vnto your grace a poore token of Crampring^j
whiche right humbly I beseche you taccept in good parte
having more respecte to the good wil of the giver thenne to
the valewe of the thing, And thus & thus ' as I beseche our lord
to have yo«r grace in his blessed tuicion From Westminster
the xiiiith of May 1537
Endd. Copie of my lord P. S. \e tteres to the Quene doager
of Scoter
186. CROMWELL TO THE MAYOR, BAILIFFS, ALDERMEN
AND BURGESSES OF CAMBRIDGE.
Cooper's Annals, i. 388 ; Cal. xii. (i) 1205. May 15 (1537).
Regrets their continued differences with the University. Advises them
to desist from annoying the Vice-Chancellor, proctors, and scholars.
Aftre my hartie Comendacons, Wheras it pleased the kings
hieghnes to permitt me to receyve the Office of the Chaun-
1 sic.
54 LETTERS OF [1537
celorship of that Universitic, I am right sory to pcrceyve that
nowe in my tymc noo entrcatie or good meanc canne bring
youe and the same to any maner of agreement or suche con-
formitie as youc maye live together in such ordre as hath been
appointed. I cannot otherwise conceyve but that eyther youe
think the King's Maiestie maye not graunt them such liberties
as theyc have, or ells you shcwe your selves yvill Subjiects
that wooll presume to infringe that his grace hath lawfully
graunted. It is not unknowen to his hieghncs what busincs
youe made the last Sturberige fayre, ne have little youe estcme
eyther his Charters or your owne composicon, For as it is
affirmed youe wooll neyther take the viccchauncelor for a
Judge in suche things as belong to his office, ne suffre such
correction for offences the punishment whereof is appointed to
the said vicechauncelor and the proctors of the saide Uni-
vcrsitie, as for the same be prescribed, but in contempt doo
many tymes put to libertie suche prisoners without their
consent as they comit to ward, constrayning Scollers to paye
tollage where their privileage dothe thereof discharge them,
whiche things bicause I wold be glad to have by some good
mcane redubbed betwene youe, I thought meate as well to
advise youe to desist from such contentious foly, as to signifie
that in cace youe shall not permitt the said Univcrsitie to
cnioye their liberties, but continue suche contcncon as wher-
uppon may ensue many inconveniencs trouble, and empechc-
mcnt to the comen quiet of the realme ; I shall not iaill in
suche wise to declare your procedings to the king's Maiestie,
as I trust his grace shall well se your perverse inclinacons
in that behaulf. Requiring youe to alleviat me of that payne,
\\hcrin I thinke youe shall unto your sclfs no displeasure. Thus
facre you hartily well. From the Roulles the XVth of Maye.
Yo//r Frecnd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my loving freends the Mayre. Bailiffs, Aldermen,
and Burgcsis of the Towne of Camebridge.
187. CROMWELL TO GARDINER AND BRIAN.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,1 14, f. 265 ; Cal. xii. (i) 1235. May 18, 1537.
The King is not desirous of advancing money for the apprehension of
Pole, but he will be glad to recompense any one who is successful
in arresting him. Brian is at liberty to return. Cromwell hopes
Gardiner also will soon be recalled.
After my right hcrty cowmendacions Thisc shalbe to aducr-
tisc you that the kingr* highncs hath aswcll receyved yo//r
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 55
le/fcres of the xiiijth of this moncth addressed vnto his
maiestie by his seruaunt Hammes As seen and pervsed your
other k/teres sent by Francisco the Currowr to me. And for
answere to them bothe his grace hath cowmaunded me to
make vnto you suche answer as ensueth Furst wheras in
your said k/teres directed to his highnes amonges your other
advertissementrj of the occurantrj there (For the which his
grace geveth vnto you his right herty thanks) ye desire to
knowe his pleasure touching your further preceding for
thapprehension of his traytowr Pole and what money he
shuld be content to defraye for the conducing of the same to
his purpose ye shall vnderstand that his highnes perceyving
by the rest of your \etteres that his intent therin is soo dis-
closed or at the lest suspected that being the said Pole ther-
upon aduertiscd as ye write he is, to take hyde to the preser-
uaczbn of hymself there is no likelyhod that ye shuld be hable
to conduce that mater to his desire his maieste myndeth not
to avanture any money for his saide apprehension But if ye
can of youself Induce the p^rsones w/tA whom ye have broken
that mater to devise for their owne benefite to do it If ye shal
promise them som honorable reward, in cace they shal bring
it to passe his grace will not faile to discharge your feith
therin For the matier is soo opened that wzt^oute the parfite
achievement of his purpose he entendeth not to put anything
in hazard for the compassing of it Nowe as to the retourn of
you Maister Brian, his highnes is content as by my said
letteres I did playnely adu^rtise you bifore, perceyving in what
termes those two po'mctes in the said k7/rres specified doo
consiste as by thies \etteres it appereth ye have asmoche
knowlege as ye shal atteyne therof that ye shal retourn
hether at your libertie accordingly. And you my lord of
Wynchestre I trust that eere it be long ye shal heare likewise
of yo//r desyred retourn. And Thus right hertely Fare ye well
From Hamptoncowrt the xviijth day of Maye the xxixth yere
of the prosperouse Regne of our souuerain lord King Henry
theight.
Yowr louyng freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
And wheras in your letteres ye desire to knowe the
pleasure whether ye Sir Frauncw Brian shuld reto//rn thorough
Flaundres or not I adu^rtise you his graciouse pleaswr* is that
ye shal take suche waye as ye shal thinke ye may most
shortely and spedely Reto«rne hither to his maieste wiiA con-
venient diligence.
Add. To my veray lovinge Freendes My lord ofWynchester
56 LETTERS OF [1537
And Sir Francss Brian Knight The King« Maiesties ambassa-
dowrs in Fraunce.
Endd. 1 8° Maij 29° My Lorde Pr/vie Seal.
188. (CROMWELL) TO THE DUKE OF NORFOLK.
R. O. Cal. xii. (i) 1257. May 22, 1537.
General instructions from the King concerning the regulation of affairs
in the North, especially the disposition of Bridlington priory and
Jervaulx abbey in Yorkshire, and other property.
Pleasith it your grace to be adurrtiscd, that the kingw highncs
having received your \etfercs dated at Birlington the xviiith
Day of this moneth, wherby his grace jvrcaiveth yowr order
takyn, for the same Birlington, and the howse of Gervics, his
highnes giving vnto you alwaies his most herty thanks, hath
cowmaunded me to advertise you of his graciousc pleasoi/r,
both touching the effecte of the same yowr l*7/rres, and also to
the maters comprised in yo«r letteres to me, wit// certain
remrw/brawo-j dcliurred vnto me by leon^rd Bekwit//. And
as touching your said order surely the kingrj highnes liketh it
veray well. And albeit that he doubteth not, but the persons
whom ye haue appointed woll do eurry thing to the best, yet
newrtheles forasmoch, as by Acte of ptfrliamewt all lanoV;
attcynted must passe by thand^j of the kingrj generall Sur-
veyors and certain things by the order of the lawe bothe
in fynding off officer & other things is to be obsrrued, ye
shall understonde that the K'mges highnes at this tyme dothe
send doun certain of his Counsail to take order in that mater,
aswell touching the Fynding off offisses as also to make
certayn & perffect bokes of all things belongyng to the same;
not for that they shall attempt to adnull or infringe eny thing
that shalbe done by you ne by the persons appointed by your
lordship, but that they all to gedrr may so cowferre that cutry
thing may be perfitely and duely done to the king« honowr
& resonable proflfict, his grace thinking that afore the same
shalbe directely & p^rfictely accomplished, considering the
tyme of the yere nowe, and that fermrrs cowmenly entre not
but about/-j michaelmas. It shuld not be for his graces pr^ffict,
to make any graunt of any part of the said land<\f, vnto the
said tyme and also that the same may be well surveyed at
which tyme his highnes woll not onlyc haue suche a respect
bothe vnto the pore men Inh&beting abowt Bridlyngton &
Jervaux but also forse for sonv substa////ciall person, mete
and necessary to staye the cu«trey & kepe hospitalite l to
1 c.a.aa shalbe most mete & convenient
1.537] THOMAS CROMWELL 57
dwell in the pryncypall parte of the monasterye (for) whom
his highnes is mynded to folowe moch your lordships advice
and counsail, and dothe require you to aduertise hym Fullye
of yowr oppynyons touching the same.
And as touching the deposicons takyn of certain women
anempst the cutting doun & buryall of the traytowrs in West-
morland & Cumberlande surely having regard & respect to
the evill example & perverse myndes of the offendowrs, whiche
is thought cam not only of womens heddcs but some men were
the principal procurers, the kingej highnes thinketh veryly,
that if the said deposicons had been ernestly takyn. theplaines
of that mater might haue been easely known. And therfore
considering, that suche a misbehavowr is not to be passed ouer
without some convenyent punishment, his highnes requireth
you, according to yonr high wysdom and his trust by all
meanes possible, to trye and serche out the princypall doers
and occasioners of the same, whiche oons done, and they
apprehended, punishment shalbe devised for them according
to the qualities of their offences
And as to the ha von, wherof yowr lordship writith, the kingej
highnes vpon suche co«siderac*bns as be mencioned in your
said le//eres, is contented that if xx 1. according to fhe saying
of Kekwz't^ woll amend it that ye shall cause the same to be
don this sowmer in all hast possible, remytting neuertheles the
Ferther expencej to your wysdom
As for the Shryne, the kingej highnes, to thentent that his
people, shuld not be seduced, in the offring of thair money his
grace wold haue takyn doun, whiche and all other plate and
Juellej apperteyning to his highnes, except suche as you desire
to haue for your money, which his highnes is content w/t//,
his pleasure is l shall be sent vp hider 2 w/'t// all spede being
also contented that you acc^rdeng to your desire shalhaue
such vestments and ornaments of the church, not being mete
for his highnes vse, the same being praysed for yowr reasonable
money as shall appertain. And also that the Corn and Catall
specially suche as be mete to be sold be vttered his highnes
thinker to be best nowe remytting the discrecyon and ordre
therof vnto you and also the landej likewise at this tyme
of the yere being bothe sown and of other nature his highnes
doubteth not, but that ye will substawncially ordre the same, as
shalbe most for his highnes pr^ffitt. And the pleasure of his
highnes is that the due dettey of the said howses well prouyde
w*t//out Covyn shalbe contented of the goodes of the same.
1 c. o. and so it is thought * c . o. as yowr lordship thinketh
best most convenient
58 LETTERS OF [1537
And as to the leadc, and all other things, wherein ye be
willing to knowe the king« pleaswr, your lordship shall
vnd/rstond, that upon the vieu and survey therof no we at this
tyme by yowr grace and his cowmissionrrs to be eftsones sent
vnto his highnes in all things he wooll vppon the sight of the
same determyn his Father pleasure
The king« highnes also desireth yo//r lordship that ye woll
mak due serchc of suche Lander office, Fees, fermes and all
other things as were in the hands; & possession of the lord
darcy sir Rob/rt constable sir fraunces bigot sir John bulnvr,
Sir Stevyn hanvrton l sir Thow/as Percy N;V//0/as Tempest
& all the persons of (those parts) lately attcynted here and
to certifye the same to his grace, to thentent the same may
cowferre them to the persons worthy accordingly, and like-
wise to cause a prrfite inventory of their good« landrj and
possessions to be made & sent vp wit// convenient spede as
shall appertain.
As touching newes, ther be non here, but that ther is lately
comyn hider twoo ambassadors from thempnwr out of spayn
the oon of them named being of a good howse, & nere vnto
themprrowr. as yet I can not csrtifie your grace of their
purpose bicause they haue not had accesse to the Kingrj
highnes. when I shall know I woll make you participate therof,
wher I
Endd. Copy of my \ordes \fttfres to my lord of Norffolk
xxiith maij.
189. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WVATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 203 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 41. June 6, 1537.
Reports the reception of the ambassador Mendoza, who has come to
consult about the marriage between the Princess Mary and the
Infant Dom Luiz of Portugal. Informs Wyatt of the subjugation of
the rebellion in the North.
After my right herty commendacibn Albeit ye have ben
hitherto somwhat slak and negligent to write vnto me and
aduertise me from tyme to tyme of yowr occurrence and
successes yet nevertheles having oportunite to write vnto you
by the bringer herof Monsjri/r du Vauldray who hath been
herr w/t// the Kingrj Maieste from the Quene of Hungrye
Regen in the lowe countrees to visite and salute his hieghncs
and declare her excuses of . the conveyance made and gcvcn
to the traytoi/r Pole to conducte hym from Cambray (whcr*
1 f. o. of all the persons of those parties
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 59
being cow/maunded by the frenshe king to avoyde all his
dominions he was retyred) to the dominion of the bishop of
liege whiche was thought to have ben more solewne, the;; the
traytes Requyred. It notwithstanding . his grace hath taken
their excuses in good part . Nowe at his departure from hens
to Themp<?ro//rs Court I have thought to aduertise you, that
Don Diego de mendoza is arrived here . at the Wodensday
next after pentecost resorting to the kinge maieste then
being at Hamptoncowrt . was veray honorably met receyved
and entreteyned after the best sorte w/t// the which, and also
the other ambassadewr here resident I and other of the kinge
conseill . by his Maieste appoinctemewt have had at sundry
tymes conference togeder vpon the causes of his cowmyng
touching the mariage Wherunto although his grace bee of
good inclination nevertheles as yet there is nothing concluded
Aswell bicause the said Don Diego brought no newe commis-
sion w/t/* hym but onely suche as thambassadcw bifore tyme
here resident had receyved long bifore his cowmyng As also
bicause they seme to make som difficulte in suche things as
on our behalf be proposed and demaunded touching the bishop
of Rome . that the said Emp^rowr for his behalf shal not sticke
w/'t// his doings but rather departe from them and adhere to
the kinge maieste, in suche wise that he shuld assent nor agree
to no maner thing that the said bishop or his adherents wold
attempt agenst his maieste Realme or subiecte or to any dis-
pleastt/r of thesame but rather lett it and w/t//stand all suche
purposes and enterprises to the vttermost of his power. And
as yet have not agreed therunto. Wherupon the said ambas-
sadors and also vpon other conference had wtUt them have
writen at this tyme by the said Monsieur de Vauldray And
vpon suche answer . as they shal have from thens agayn . the
hole mater shalbe or concluded or broken of . as the cace shal
Requyre Wherof . I thinke best and advise you to pretende
ignorance . Yet nevertheles if ye see good oportunite and
occasion offred . ye may shewe what disposition ye knewe the
king*?.? highnes (vpon good causes) was at your departure Im-
mutably agenst the said bishop and that ye double not but
he shuld not repute hole entiere and p<:rfite allyance v/itA any
person . that wold agree assent or assist hym to any thing that
myght sounde to his grace person Royaulme or subiecte
displeaswr*? sayeng and declaring the same as of yowr self
w/'t/* the best circus/stance and as discretely as ye can . Taking
hede evermore to the entretenemewt and norrishing of the
good amytie bitwen<? them asmoche as ye shall convenyently
may and in all thinge requisite keping yowrself as closse as
shalbe expedient vsing in this yowr charge such good dexterite
60 LETTERS OF [1537
and circumspection as ye knewe our good opinion and cxpcc-
tac/bn was and endureth yet ye shuld.
As concerning of our newes and successes her* sithens your
departure I assure you thanckrj be to our blessed Creatowr
the kings; Maieste is in as good helth, and disposition as
I saw hys grace of a long season And the more bicausc the
Que'nes grace is qwick wit// childe god by his grace sende her
good deiiuerawce of suche aprince long to lyve according to
his Maiestrt graciouse desir and the common Joye and wclth
of all his Realme and good feithfull subiecter \\ho for the
same being the newes therof brought from Hamptoncowrt
hcther to london on Trinitie sondaye at after none there was
grete celebrite at Poules and thanckw geven to god, and in
the evenyng solewine fyres made in sundry placrj as well
of the Citie as of other townes. The hole cstat of the Realme
from the highest to the lowest are in veray good rest and
quicte wit// their herty obedience and good will (to) the king«
maieste all of oon vnion and concorde suche as have ben
offendowrs veray sorye for their offences and full desyrouse to
have occasion to ministre the kingrr maieste som acceptable
srruice for to shewe their true hert to hym the more con-
formed for his benign and graciouse pardon mercyfully
extended vpon them which his maieste hath observed hitherto
and woll for ever observe Inviolably. For although . the
"Lordes Darcy and Husey . Sirs Robrrt Constable . Fraunc^r
bigot, John bulmer . Stephen Hamerton, Knights The lord
Lomleys son, Robert aske, Nicholas tempest Thabbott of
Jervaulx the priowr of byrlington and som other, also
Sir Thomas Percy . had their pardon . yet bicause they have
ben openly convinced and attayntcd . of certaine cowspiracyes
and highe treasons most Ingrately spitefully and haynously
committed agenst his benigne and so graciouse mercy full
maieste vnto them (as Right was and their Incurable
Ingratitudes deserved) have ben condawned of highe treason,
and som of them alredy executed Wherof if there is any co«*-
municacion moved vnto you ye maye . assuredly afferme that
If they had not highely offended sithens the kings* pardon,
his maieste had never rcmcwbrcd their precedent offenses nor
imputed thesame to their charge, Being a prince most
honorable observatour of his worde . But seing their cankred
recidive hert he could no lesse doo then to suffre them to
have his lawes . to thcxemple of suche Ingrateand Irremediable
obstinate hcrte. Shortely of all other occurrence as shal
succede & of other conference I shal adusrtise at large by
the next that shal be sent Thither. Thus Fare ye Right
hertely well From the Roller this vi* of Juny the XXIXth
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 61
yere of owr most noble souu^rain lorde his prosprrouse
Regne.
Yowr louyng assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray loving Freend Sir Thomas Wyat
Knight The Icings of England^ his maiestrj ambassador
Resydent wzt^ Thempm>#r.
Endd. From my lord prevy sele the first by Vauldray the
xxvi of June. Also, My lord privy sele in Juyne at Valodd
by Vauldry.
190. CROMWELL TO THE LORD ADMIRAL.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 208. July 4 (1537).
Reports the capture of certain Breton pirates about Tenby in South Wales.
Requests him to inform the King and learn his pleasure concerning
them.
In my right harty wise I cowmende me vnto yowr lordship
thiese shalbe to adu^rtise thesame, that this day I haue
receyved let feres from John Wynter of Bristowe wherby I
rvrsayve that about seynt Peters day last passed tidynges
came thither of two Britons whiche lay on the cost of Wales,
and entred on a ship of Bristowe that was freight for Biscay
and it is doubted that they haue either taken the ship and
goodes or atte lest spoyled the same . they haue also robbed
and spoyled certayne botes that were repayring towards
Bristowe w/t// marchaundise agaynst Seynt James fayr, and
of likelihod entend to wayt for Shippes and botes co/wmyng
to, and fro, that feyr. But in the meane season one Bowen of
Bristowe hathe met vfiih xiiii or xv of the Britons about Tynby
in wales whiche landed ther for the refresshyng of their
vitaill, and he hathe caused theym to be co;#mytted to prison,
and besides that wynter hathe manned a ship out of Bristowe
for Rochell, -with fiftie Souldio//rs besides maryners, and if they
come in his way I doubt not he will borde theym. I pray
you adurrtise the Kingcs highnes herof, and knowe his pleasure
therin, and what his highnes will haue to be done in this
mater and socially w/t^ the prisoners, and whither his highnes
will haue any other thyng to be executed in those parties,
that I may write therof accordyngly . thus the blessed Trenyte
preserve your good lordship. At the rolles the fourthe day of
July.
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
Endd. a lettere to my lord Admyrall p^rticuler letters.
62 LETTERS OF [1537
191. CROMWELL TO (LORD HUNGERFORD)'.
Longford Castle MSS. ; not in CaJ. July 6 ( 1 537).
Requests him to examine the charge against Thomas Beese, vicar of
South Stoke in Somerset and to liberate him from prison.
And wher as before this tyme upon your advertisement of
the mysdemeanour of Sir Thomas Beese Clcrke vicar of
Southstoke in the County of Somerset I required you to
commyt him to warde to the next gaole, And forasmoche as
the said vicar hath sufficient sureties bounde for hym that he
shalbe furthecommyng to answer to soche thyngcs as shalbe
layd agaynst hym on the kynges behalfe I require you calling
unto you somme other discrete persone beyng one of the
Kynges Justices of the Peax to exammyne the truthe of the
matier whiche is layde agaynst the sayd vicar with the cir-
cumstaunccs therof by all the ways and meanes ye con-
venyently may, And to advertise me thcrof when ye shall
have oportunyte therto. Requiryng you farther upon the
receipt herof to cause the sayd vicar to be put at his libertie
and to be delivered out of prison.
Stebenhithe, 6 July.
Signed.
192. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Lisle Papers, ii. 128; not in Cal. July 6 (1537).
Requests him to give his support to Lady VVhethel in the controversy she
has with her son.
After my right herty Commendations to your Lordeshippe
Forasmoche as in the Controuersyc depending bitwcnr the
lady Whcthel and her sone the kingrr maiestc hath directed his
commission thether. In consyderacibn that she is a wydowe
sole and destitute of Confort I have thought for the preserua-
c/on of her good right hertely to desyre and praye you that
the rather at myn instance and Requisition ye will bc.irc her
your lawfull favour and support in her good right and title
according to the lawe equite and Justice. So that no part
therof be oppressed but the veray truth appcre and have
place accordingly. Whcrin ye shal doo avcray charitable
dede meritoriouse towaroVj god and to me acceptable pleaswr.
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 63
Thus Fare ye right hertly well From Stibenheth this vi"1
day of July.
Yo«r lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good Lord The Visconte Lisle deputie
of the Kinges towne and marches of Calays.
Endd. for my lady Whetyll
193. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 205 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 228. July 8, 1537.
Thanks him for his letters. Sends him news of the execution of the
Northern rebels, and of the taking of St. Pol and Montreuil by the
' Joly armye ' of Burgundians.
After my right herty cowmendac/on Bicause I wold not
lett this bercr, George Pery, oon of the gentilmen of Monsieur
Chappuys ihemperours ambassadowr here resident to departe
w/V/oute my \etterts vnto you although I can not amplely
aduertise you of all things yet for this present I aduertise that
being here at Stepeney this mornyng arryved hither Rouge
Croix the herald which ye sent w/t// your \etterzs dated the
xxiijth daye of June last And soo I sent them Incowtinently to
the Icings higlmes which is nowe at Oking Wherfore as to his
pleaswr vpon the same I can not by this berer infowrme you of
it. But for my letteres aswell writen at your furst arryvaill
bifore ye had audience as for those I have nowe receyved I
geve vnto you my herty thanks taking yo«r excuses for yowr
so late writing in good parte. As touching the cowmunica-
c/on \vit/t themp^rowrs ambassadors here, whcrof I wrote
prtrtely vnto you by Monsieur de Vauldray . I hope there
shall folowe good successe of it soo that there shalbe founde
reasonable conformite and correspondence of that behalf.
Concernyng the newes of this Royaulme Nothing is succeded
sythens my last writing but from good quiete and peace dayly
to better and better. The traytours have ben executed The
lord darcy at towre hyll . the lord husey at Lincoln Aske
hanged vpon the dongeon of the Castell of York And sir
Robert owstable hanged at hull . the residue were executed at
Thyfbourne So that as ferre as we can prrceyve all the
cancred hertrj bee wyded awaye. The bourgoynons have
a Joly armye of hardy men . the which at the furst brout
toke Sainct Pol by assawte and there kylled at the assaulte
viii : l Frenshmen and at the entre & furowr of the co;/;myng
in M^02 and more. From thens they passed the Countrey
1 i.e. Soo. a i.e. 1500.
64 LETTERS OF [153?
and came to Mowtereul where they abode two dayes so the
towne was yelden by composition. Mons/ri/r de Canaplcs
capitayn there and the men of werre wewt oute v/itA their
baggr j & bagagrr afterward the towne was spoyled brent and
rased. From thcns they went Incontinent to laye the siege
at Therowewne where they be as yet in good hope to take it.
they have as yet had in maivr never a skarmoch by the
Frenshmen that we can here of Albeit they saye the Dolphyn
and grete maistre are no we at Abbeville preparing and assem-
bling their armye and puissaunce to reskue that town . and the
frenshe king is at Fontayne bleaw. they cracke that they woll
geve them bataille but what they shal do I can not lightly Juge
Thise I have thought w/tA this present occasion by the bearer
that taryeth for non other purpose to write vnto you although
generally and in haste more amplely I shal write by the next
Nevertheles for all the hast I wold not omitte to aduertise you
that som yowr srruaunt^j here be called and named common
stellers of the king« hawkrj I wold ///<re shal (be) gevcn
warnyng that they shal leave suche prankrj and that ye wolbe
no mayntener of such vnlawfull felowes of light disposition,
and write vnto them ernestly. I thinke no nede to write of
the Kingrj and Quenes grac^j veray pr^sperouse disposition
god cowtynue it as I trust for a grete many yeres. Thus Fare
ye right hertely well From Stepeney this viij* of July
xv^xxxvii
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray loving Freend Sir Thomas Wyat
Knight the King« Ambassador Resident in Themprrowrs
[Cjourte
Endd. My lord prrvi selc in Juli by George pery delivered
at saragosse
ii from my lord prnrisele by George pery at Saragosse
received the iid of August of the date of viii of July.
194. CROMWELL TO (LORD LISLE AND THE COUNCIL
OF CALAIS).
B. M. Cleop. E. iv, f. 55 ; CaL xii. (ii) 267. July 17 (1537).
The King desires that William Minstreley and William Richardson, two
priests, be sent to England in custody.
' papistical! facions ' to be maintained in
priests, be sent to England in custody. Reproofs for permitting such
Calais.
Aftre my right harty cowmcndac/ons The King« highnes
Being enformed that there be two presto in that towne
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 63
thonc called Sir William Minstreley whiche is nowe in
warde thother called Sir W///mm Richardson otherwise good
S/> Wit/tarn, hathe cowmaunded me to signifie vnto you,
that like as his pleasure is that vppon the receipt herof you
shall sende bothe the said prestes hither as prisoners in
assured custodye, Soo his grace cannot a litle mrrvayl to
here of the papisticall fac/on that is mayntained in that
towne and by you chiefly that be of his gracrj counsail,
Surely his Maiestie thinkethe that you haue litle respecte
cither to him, to his lawes, or to the good ordre of that towne
whiche soo litle regarde him, in a matier of soo greate weight,
whiche also his highncs hathe somoche to harte, and willed
me plainly to intymate vnto you all and cu^ry of you, that in
cace he shall prrceyve from hensforthe any such abuses
suffred or wynked at, as haue been hitherto in maner in
contempt of his most Royall estate mayntained, His highnes
woll put others in the best of your Romes that shall soo
offende him, By whome he wilbe Better s^rued, It is thought
against all reason that the prayers of women and there fonde
flikeringfj shuld move any of you to doo that thing, that
shuld in any wise displease the prince and sourraign lord or
offende his iust lawes. And if you shal thinke any extremytie
in this writing you must thanke yourselfes that haue soo
procured it, for neither of yourselfcs haue you regarded thise
matiers ne answered to many my "Lcttctzs writen for like
pf/rposes and vppon like occasions, Wherin thoughe I haue
not made any accusac/on, yet Being in the place for those
things that I am I haue thought you did me therin tomoche
Iniury and suche as I am assured his highnes knowing it wold
not haue taken in good partc. But this mater nedeth noo
aggravaabn, ne I haue doon any thing in it, more thenne
hathe Been By his Ma/rjte thought mete pm:ace not so-
moche And thus Fare you hartely well From Sutton the
xvijth of July
Yow lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
195. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 328. July 24 <I537>-
Thanks him for his news, and assures him of his friendship, in spite of
his former sharp letters, which were intended only as a warning to
the Council not to persist in their obstinate pertinacity and errors.
After my most affectuousc commendaabn to your lord-
ship w/t// like thankrj for your newes wri//cn vnto me in your
of the xvth of this moneth which I have receyved this
MERRIMAN. II F
66 LETTERS OF [1537
mornyng. And forasmoch as by the king^j maiestrj co;;/-
maundcment I wrote vnto you and other of his grac^
counscill thcr for the sending vp of two sediciousc prestr.v
somwhat sharpcly to thcntcnt that some of the said conseill
which leanc moche to their suprrsticiouse oldc obscruac/ons
and Rites myght be general warnyng to you all dy reeled.
Beware howe to mochc to stande in their obstinat p/rtinacyc
and errowr in somr things but be induced to bring their
hertrj Inward to the cowformite of the truthe Whatsoever be
wri//en in the same my lorde thinkc non otherwise but that
I remayne styll your parfitc and synccr Frecnd, and that by
such sharpncs ye ar non otherwise touched to therby (than)
to take an occasion to be concurrent w/tA me to altcrc such
evill instructed and enclyncd hertrj to (leave) their olde
Ceremonyes and obsmiac/ons and exhortc them to knowc
and folowc the truth declared vnto them and to sett all
obstinacyc and hardncs of hcrt a partc not thinking them
sclffs wyser in such things then the moost lerncd and best
of the Royaulme. As I trust somoche in yo//r goodncs that
ye will not faille to do your good office and as mochc as
lycth in your power for the same And like as therein ye shal
administer vnto the kingrj highnes veray acceptable plcas//r
and thankcfull. So I shal soo moche cstemc yo//r good
ernest preceding therto as to any other other l thing as whcrin
ye could do me most pleas//r. And cowtynuyng my good
affection towards you will no lessc ernestly employe me self
to the furtheraunce of your resonablc desires and suifs when
soever occasion shal serve me therto trusting to gett yo//r
bill signed at the kingrj grace next being at Wyndsor Thus
Fare ye right hcrtcly well. From Esthamsted this xxiiiilh
of July
Yo//r lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWEI i .
Add. To my vcray good lordc the Viscont Lyslc the
deputie of his maiestrj townc and marchcys of Calays
196. CROMWELL TO THE SHERIFF OF WEXFORD.
R. O. CaL xii. (ii) 375. July 31 (i$37>.
Has obtained leave from the King that an Act shall pass in the Irish
Parliament for the continuance of the liberties of Wcxford.
Copye of the letter Sent vnto the Shyryf of the Countyc
ofWexford.
After my Right hartye co;//mendac/bns, I hauc Receyuid
yowr "Lfttfrcs with your token of Remcmbrauncc addressed
1 Hf.
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL C7
vnto me by this Berer and Consydering your honestie and
Reasonable petiabns conteyned in the same haue Been a
Suter to the Kinges Ma/V^tie for your Satisfacc/on therm, at
the Contemplac/bn wherof as his Highnes hathe appointeid
an acte to passe in his parlyament therfor the contynuaunce
of your Lyberties dureing his gracrj pleasowr. Soo his
Ma/r^tie is determyned to appointie suche officers among^
you as youe shalle haue cause to be contented withall. his
highnes not doughting youe wylle in all things vse your selffV.?
soo lyke goode & faythfull Subiectar towards him as his
grace shalle haue every daye more cause to shewe himselffe
your good & gracyous lorde. And for my parte vseing your
selfli'j towards his highnes as besemeyth youe doubt youe
not but I shalbe a contynuall solysytowr for youe in all your
Reasonable purposes and in suche Wyse from tyme to tyme
aduaunce your smiices and faythfull demeanowrs as the
same shalle not be w/t/*oute condigne thanks Requyring to
aduertyse me by your L^/fcres as you shalle See any thing
doon that shalle in any wise be againste the king« house his
Suretye or the wealle of that his Lande. Wherin youe shalle
doo vnto me very acceptable pleasowr. And this fare ye
hartyly well. From Sonnynghill the Last of Julye
loueing Frende
THOMAS CROMWELL,
197. CROMWELL TO DR. SANDWICH, OF CANTERBURY
COLLEGE, OXFORD.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 412. <July, 1537.)
Has appointed him to preach at Paul's Cross on the twelfth Sunday after
Trinity.
In my right hartie mancr I cow/mende me vnto you And
where as for the honest report of yowr lernyng in holly \cttcres,
and incorrupte Jugement in the same I haue appointed yow
emongrj other, to occupie the Rome of a preachour, one day
at Paules crosse, these be aswell to signefie vnto yow that
the said day so limited for yow is the xii01 sonday after
Trinitie sonday, beyng the xixth day of August, as also to
reqwire you that ye faile not to be there at the same day,
preparing in the meane tyme with suche pure syncerenes,
trewly to open the worde of god, at the said day as I may
therby take occasion, to thinke the reaport made of yow to be
trewe. Wherby ye shall not only do a right good dede, but
also mynistre vnto me thankefull pleasure which I shall not
F a
68 UTTERS OF [1537
fayle to rcquytc as occasion may thcrvnto saruc And thus
fare ye well
Yowr Freend
Add. To my Louing frcnd Doctowr Sandewiche of Canter-
bury college in Oxforde.
Endd. Mr. Crumwcll cowmaunding him to preache at
Panics Crosse.
198. CROMWELL TO <THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 414. Aug. I (1537).
Desires them to make out a lease to old Colcy of the farm of Holm-
pat rick, near Dublin.
Aftrr my Right harty Comcndac/ons wher as by the king«
highnes apointcmcnt I dyd hertofore addres my letters to
the vicetrcsorer ther for the preflferment of old Coley to the
Ferme of Holmpatryk wherapon as I vndcrstande he is yet
in possession of the same This schalbc to desire and pray you
not only to make hym out his lease therof according to your
Comission for Suche purposes but also in the doing of the
same to vse bothe an honest diligcns & to exstcnde that
Fauor for my sake that you Shall may Convenyently Shew
vnto hym in the same wherin you Shall do vnto me very
acceptable pleasure And thus fare you hertely well frome
Sonnyng Hill the Furst day of August
Yo//r loving frende
THOMAS CROMWELL.
/// the margiti : Coley for Holme patryke
199. CROMWELL TO <THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. CaL xii. (ii) 457. Aug. 6, 1537.
They are to permit Patrick Hawlde, Prior of Holyrood in Limerick, to
enjoy the priory peaceably, as the King has allowed it to remain
undissolved.
After my hertyc comcndac/ons Forasmuche as the maio///-
& burgeses of Limeryk haue made humble sute vnto the
king« magcstye for the pryory of holy Roode of Lymryk
aforcsaidc that for soundcry consyderac/ons it maye please
his grace that the same shulde Remayne unsuppressid but
Contynue still after the fundacibn therof . his magestye hathe
J537] THOMAS CROMWELL 69
willid me to sygnyfie vnto youe that his graciousc plcasur
& cojwmaundyme;// is that not onely the saide pryory shalle
not be for this tyme suppressed nor in no wyse dyssolued but
rather Contynued & mayntayned shalbe according to the
fundac/on of the same as it hathe byn accustomed heretofore.
And that for the goode qualyties whiche his grace is enformed
ar in his well-beloued subiect Patryk Hawlde Clerke nowe
prior of the same youe shalle see him quyetly and peasbly
Inyoie & holde the saide priory and allmaner fruytes profyifs
Rente.? emolument and Rights therunto belonging and in
anj- Wyse apperteynyng in asample forme and manour as he
ought to do & his predecessors before hym haue enyoied the
same, shewing vnto him in all things your lawfull and
Reasonable favowr the Rather at my desyre and Intercession
wherin ye shalle admynistre vnto me Acceptable pleaswr. And
this fare you Right hartily well from windesor this vi"1 of
August the xxixth yere of his Mazejties most prosperouse
Reygne.
Your loveing frende
THOMAS CROMWELL
200. CROMWELL TO THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 456. Aug. 6 <I537>.
Desires them to consider the enclosed letters, which James of Desmond
sent to the King since their departure.
To the Kingej Commissioners in Irlandc
For an order for the tytle of therldom of Destmondc
After my Right harte comendac/ons you Shall vnderstande
that the kingej maieste hathe Sythens your dispeche Receyued
serten letters frome Jamys of Desmonde the copy wherof you
Shall Haue herin inclosed whiche his graces pleasur is you
Shall duly consider And at your Aryvall in Irlande you Shall
duely wayth Euery point in the same bothe touching the title
the demeanors of the trahentej of bothe parties And the
seruice that may be don be eyther p^rtie conducyng the hole
mater to as gode Stay as you Shalbe abyll by your wyesdom
and thervpon aduertcs his grace of the perfectness of Euery
point in the same le//eres and herin also Expressyd vsing
therin also thadvice of Suche of the Councell ther as you Shall
thinke mete. And thus fare you hartely well from Wyndesor
the vi day of August
Yo//r loving frende
THOMAS CROMWELL.
70 LETTERS OF [1537
Copy. James of Dcstmondrj Lr//<-re to the kingly highncs
for his Submyc/on & Reformac/*?// of monster.
To the king^j highnes maiestc.
Most • excellent & Gracious Prince in the most humblest
maner that I can I Recomende me vnto your nobyll grace
Please it your highnes to be adiurtesed how that I am as
a poure sr/ouw/nt acording to my dute of Alegeauns pr^fering
my srruice vnto yowr grace as I can or may better then any
of my predecessors dyd sythens my grauntfader was heded at
Drodagh Save only my fader, whiche was leader & Forman of
the klngfs hoste in Irlande and specyally in Monster in all
Fightrj & batellz that eiuv were gevyn in his tyme in yo//r
name & in your fathers name But not w/t^standing I do take
in greate marvyll whyll yowr nobyll grace dothe not Re-
membre & consider in your hart the Extorcions treason
& Rebelling of the bastarde called Jamys fitz moryce which
yowr grace Receyuith aftrr that he & his fader and his graunt-
fader was eurr contynuall Rebellys agenst the Croune Robbyng
Cytes & borough townes kylling marchauntrj & other of your
Subiectrj and geve the lanoVj & possessions w/t/i plate & other
good^j of the Inglishe men into the handrj of Irishmen Con-
sidering the same if it were your graces nobill will I wold Fayne
that you Cause an inquesicj'on to be don in all yo//r Cytes
& borough townes of monster wherby it might be knocn
whether is better or more worthist to be worschiped then I or
whiche of vs wold Rather complishe your highnes intent For by
the help of God & yo//r gracrj Supportac/bn w*t^ the cost of
ccc men I wold thinke that yowr nobylite wold take in greate
marveyle the order & Rule that I would put thorough all
monster w*t//in two yeres wherby you might consider what
struatmt I am In the name of God who so your grace
& highnes mainteyn & augment Frome the Towne of Kyll-
mallock the eight day of this Instant July
Yo//r nobyll grace is
true & humble ssruaunt
JAMYS OF DESMONDE.
201. CROMWELL TO <THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. CaL xii. (ii) 468. Aug. 7 (1537).
Requests that Francis Herbert be preferred to one of the garrisons, and
that he may have the rental of a piece of land.
Aftrr my right harty Comendac/on for asmoche as this
bearer hathe don/ as it was Reported gode srruice to the kingrj
ma/Vjtic in the tymc of the Rebel lyon in thoze partycs and
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 71
was therupon Sworen of his graces Councell thcr And had also
apointed vnto hym a Convenycnt entretaynment. Now vpon
the dissoluc/on of the army ther his highnes pleasur is that
you Shall not only preffer hym to one of the garnysons if he
wyll accept the same but also that you Shall Lett vnto hym
Some parte of his graces landes ther not before wryten for as
ben comodyos and at Such Rent as he may haue a Convenyent
Lyving of the same w/t//out fayling to haue a Specyall Respect
to the Satysfacc/on of this man if Reson will content hym
\w't//out the prejudice of others before wryten for And thus
fare you hartcly well from wyndeso;/r the viith of August
Yo//r loving frend
THOMAS CROMWELL.
/// the margin : For fraunccs Herbart
202. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 472. Aug. 8 (1537).
Desires them to inform the King of the value of any estate that the bearer
may make suit for.
After my right harty Comendaczons albehit I haue before
wryten vnto you largely in the fauour of this bearer Frauncrj
Herbcrd yet the kinges hignes pleasur was I Shold Eftsones
Recomend hym vnto you to this entent only that where he
Shall Espy Any thing ther wherin he Shall determyne to
be a Suter to his Ma*V\rte as prrcase for Some lenger Astate
then you may graunt vnto hym you Shall vpon knolege of his
mynde therin Aduertes his highnes of the Just and true value
of the same Accordingly. And thus fare you hartely well
from Donnestablc the viii of August
Your loving frendc
THOMAS CROMWELL.
/;/ the margin: for fraunccs Herbart.
203. CROMWELL TO THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 485. Aug. 9 <I537>-
Desires them to tell Desmond that the King takes his proposals in good part.
They are to inform themselves about him and cause him to deliver
up James de la Hyde, Parson Walsh and the Earl of Kildare's son.
Cf. Letter 200.
To the K'mges Comissioners in Irlande
After my Right harty Comendadbns this Shalbe to Adu^rtes
you that the Kinges Mageste hathe Receyued Suche an other
;.' LETTERS OF [«
Letter fromc Jamys of Dcsmonde as the copy whcrof was sent
to you enclosed in my l///rres yJdresscd by pattryk Harnwcll.
And forasmoche as by his wryting thcr aperith not only
a gret conformyte in hym but also an ourrture of the Reducyng
of hole Monster wtt//in two yers to a perfect obediens Having
therunto the Asistcns of 300 men for that tyme. His highnes
dcsireth you to handell the sayd James in A gentyll Sorte
declaring that his ma^te takyth his W/V*res in gode parte and
to Enter wit/t hym vpon the points of the same that you may
the better Fele hym & his purpose. And therapon devising
w/t// others, way what srruice he schall be abyll to do. if his
maieste Shold take Suche an order bytwene hym & the young
man the said young mannes title notwithstanding whiche
most men do preffer as he might contynew in his Extcnuac/on
whiche I Suppose assuredly his grace wolle do what Rccompens
so euer he Shall make to this man if the Said Jamys wyll
contynew a Feythfull obedyent corespondent to the Lawcs
ther. Andean therwzt^ accomplische that he wrytith touching
Mounster if his grace Shold beare as moche w;t// hym for the
same as he desireth. And what you Shall Fynde herin his
graces pleasur is you Shall adurrtes acordingly. And thus
fare you hartely well. From Ampthill the ixth day of August.
Post Scripta the kingrx ma/Vjtie hathe sertein knowlege that
the Same Jamys of Desmond hathe in his countrc Jamys de
la Hyde on^ called parson Walsche two most detestable
traytors & the Sonne of the late Erie off Kyldarc whiche he
may delyuer at his wyll. Wherfor his gracys pleasur is that
at your Furst conferense w/t// hym and in your practyse for
the same if you Shall think it convenyent you Shall declare
that it is come to your knolege that he hathe in his countre
the said prrsons & lyke men that Semyd of yo//r Selfiys to
Fauor hym & wold be glad to hauc hym do that thing that
might for his owne beneffyt be acceptable to his Ma/Vvte
You Shall bothe demande the said iii persons and advyse hym
the best you Can for an doubted argument of his trouthe whiche
in wordfs & wryting he Scwith to delyucr the same to the
depute And if you Shall not Induce hym therunto you Shall
yet assay by all meanes to you possible whow to gett in to
your handtt the said prrsons eythcr w/t// his wyll or agenst
his wyll for I Ensure you the kingrj highnes hathe the same
moche to hart & woll accept your srruice to be don thcrin
most thankfully thus Eftsonrj fare you well
Yo//r loving Frende
THOMAS CROMWEI i .
In the margin : Copy.
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 73
204. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 486. Aug. 9(1537).
Desires them to inquire to whom the custom of Carlingford in Louth,
appertaining to the castle there, belongs, and to satisfy Jerome Lynn
and the bearer, Martin Skrine. Cf. Letter 211.
After my Right harty Comcndac/ons where as this bearer
Martyne Skryn had ons a byll Assigned by the late depute
ther for the Custome of Carlingford whiche as I do understonde
dothe aprrteyne to the Castell ther now in the keping of
Jcramr lynne And Gevyn vnto hym w/t// all the comodytcs
therof. Lyke as in case the said Jerome Lynne Shold haue
the same by force of his patent I wold be lothe that he Sholdc
lose hit, so yett I wold nat the kingrj magcste Shold not lose
the beneffyt therof if his grace hauc not Gevyn hit away in
forme aforesaid. And therfor I Require you to Examen the
mater indyfferently and if you shall Fynde that Jerome Lynne
ought to Enyoi* hit then I desire you hartely bothe in
Recompens of this mans travayle and att the contemplac/on
herof to make hym Som honest Rccompews \\ilh Som other
fcrme to his contentaczon If hit be founde that Lynne hauc
no Right to hyt by cause hit lyeth nowe most mete for hym
I pray you make hym a Lease therof for Suche Rent as this
man Shold haue paid and to content this man \viih some
other thing as is before Specefyed you Shall in the honest
handclyng of this mater desrrue my harty thankes And So
fare you hartely well from Ampthill the ixth of August
Yo//r loving frende
THOMAS CROMWELL.
In the margin : Copy, an order for the custome of
Carlingford for Jeranv lynne at my lordrj desire
205. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 500. Aug. II (1537).
Desires their favour for the bearer, Edward Beck, in his suits.
Aftrr my Right Harty Comendac/ons for asmoche as
this bearer Edwarde Bek hathe vsed hym self in the tyme
of the late Rebellyon ther and at all other tymes lyke
the K'mgfs highnes most true and faithfful Subiect his ma/rjte
hathe comanded me spccyally to Recomend hym vnto you
And on his behalf to desire & pray you in all Suche Sutcs as
he Shall make vnto you for any lyving or Comodyte of
74 LETTERS OF [1537
Fcrmc thcr you shall Exstende that Fauowr vnto hym that
you may Whcrin also you Shall to me Admyncster very
thankefful plcasur And thus fare you hartely well fromc
Ampthill the XIth of August
"Your loving frcndc
THOMAS CROMWELL.
/// the margin : Edward Bck for ....
206. CROMWELL TO THE MAYOR, BAILIFFS, ALDERMEN,
AND BURGESSES OF CAMBRIDGE.
Cooper's Annals, i. 389 ; Cal. xiL (ii) 513. Aug. 14 (1537)-
Upbraids them for their ill-treatment of the members of the University
at the late Stourbridge Fair. The King's command is that the
University have the oversight of the fairs, that the Vice-Chancellor
try all cases in which a scholar is involved, that the mayor take his
oath as the charter requires, and that the town observe the compact
made with the University.
After my hcrty comendacons, I am right sorye that by
the occasion of your ungentil dealing with the universite at
the last Sturbrigge feyre and continually sithcns, ye have
not oncly shewed yo//r selfs men rather enclined and desirous
to bring the Kings highnes' people together by the eares, then
personages of that sorte, as (leaving apart their own fantasies
and desires as reason and duetie enforceth) are rewled by the
plcaswr and determinacon of their prince and soveraign lord :
But also that in your perverse doings ye have shewed your-
sclfs so unkind towards me, in your deds contempning all my
letters written unto youe in the favor of the said universite,
that I must nedes now eat lengthe write unto you in an other
tune and (onlcs ye shall weye theis my lettres otherwise
then ye have don all the rest before written) become a party
agcnst you, with myn humble sute to the kings maicstie to
see you ducly punyshed for your contemptuouse presumption,
in the violation of his graces Charters to the said universite
heretofore graunted.
If I had not ben your freende as I have ben, and rather
more than becam me than lesse, yet being (though unworthy)
oon of his highnes privc conseill, Indifferent men will saye
that it had bcseamed every of you to have hadd a grete deale
more respect to my lettres then ye have had, At the lest in
your doings not to have contcmpned them. Whosoever hath
gcven you counseill so to use yourselfs as ye have don,
eyther he wanted witt or clles he was your gretc enemy.
Can any of you be so folishc to think that ye can in
such a Royaulmc as this is, specially wher a Prince of so
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 75
excellent qualities (as the kings maiestie our moste dradd
soverain Lord is) governeth, eyther wynne the accomplishe-
ment of your willes by violence, or will kepe that benefit of
liberties that ye have of his highnes with your open and
apparaunt contempt of suche graunts as his maiestie hath
made to others. Doo ye not thinke that his highnes can no
more of Justice suffre the liberties lawfully graunted to the
universite to be taken from them without their offence
deserving the same, then his grace can of equite permytt the
Towne of Barnwell to usurpe upon you and yowr liberties.
He that maketh you thus to stryve agenst the streame woll
percace not onely helpe you forward to the losing of yo//r
oune comodities, But to the entre in to your soverain Lords
indignacon. For think thus to yowrselfs that ye cannot by
.... the Universite to any hyndraunce, ye may doo them
good in setting forth their wisedom and tolerance by your
folye, and soo hurt yourself with your oun extremite. But
nowe to com to the poincts for the which I do at this tyme
write unto you, Bicaus there was like to have ben notable
myschef in the tyme of the last Sturbrigge feyre, If the
universite had not geven place in their right ; It hath pleased
the kings maiestie to appointe me to write unto you.
Furst, that ye shall suffre the said universite to have, use,
and enjoye quietely, the oversight, view, gagyng and correction
of victaille and victaillers, of weights and measures and of
forstalers and regraters as well within the town of Cambridge
as in the said fcyre of Sturbrigge whiche they have both by
charter, in nowise exacting any tole of them against the
purpose of the same, wherin alredy ye have don them grete
Iniury, and shewed yorselfs men that seek rather cause of
dissension then meanes of quiete with the love of your neigh-
bours, without whom also, a veray fewe excepted, all the rest
of you would live full thynnely.
Seconde that all actions wherin a Scholer is the oon part
shal be heard and decided before the vicechauncellor, as the
charter in that pointe purporteth, and as before tyme hath ben
accustomed.
Thyrde, that the maior shal from hcnsefurth take his
othe as hath ben used, and as the kinges highnes Charter
requireth.
Fourth, that ye shal observe the composition made bqtwen
you and the said Universite.
All which poincts his Maiesties pleasure is ye shal observe,
fulfill, and accomplish tyll further direction shal be taken
bitwen you by his highnes and his counsell for the certain
and perfite redresse of all maters wherwith every partie thinketh
76 UTTERS OF [1537
it self aggrevcd, And if yc shal directclyor ir.dircctcly attempt
any thing to the contrary, wherby any inconvenience shuld
arryse to the intcrrupcon of the peace, the just prcservacon
whcrof his Maicstic tcndcreth for the better quiet of his sub-
icctts, Think assuredly that ye woll repent it, For this is
sufficient warnyng to you to avoyde the occasion of the same.
Finally, if ye shal use yourselfs from hcnsefurth as bcsemeth
men of wisedom and honestie, I shall cotynue your Freende.
Otherwise I must and will (as is aforesaid) be a party agcnst
you for the obteyning of Justice. And therto you may trust
accordingly. Thus fare you hcrtily well From Grafton the
xiiij1*1 of August.
Yowr lovyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my loving Freends the maier, bailiffs, Aldermen,
and Burgeses of the Town of Cambrige.
207. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 575. Aug. 25, 1537.
The King desires that Richard Aylmer be admitted to be his chief Serjeant
in Kildare County, and that he be given a reasonable fee.
I Comende me hartely vnto you. And where as vnto the
Request and intercession hertofore made vnto me by thes
letters of the kingrj lordc depute & Counsell of that his
gracss landc of Irlande in the Fauor & comendac/on of
Richarde Aylmer & of his gode qualytcs desiring me to be
meane to the kingrj highnes that his mageste wold Alow &
ordegne hym his graces cheff Sergemint in the countie of
Kyldare I haue moved & humbly besought his mageste for
the same his highnes therupon hathe wylled me to Signeffy
vnto you that Fynding the said Richard Aylmer of Suche
gude qualytes and disposic/bn you Shall not only Admytt
hym to be his graces cheff Sergeaunt in that countye of
Kyldare but also w/'t// advycc of the said lorde depute &
counscyle for the said offyce of Sergeant to be by hym
enyoidd duryng terme of his lyff you Shall apoint vnto hym
a competent & a Resonable Fee yerly as by youer Advyces
& assent of all to geder Shalbc thought expedient & ncccsary
& thuz fare you well from Wyndesowr the xxvth day of
August the xxix yerc of his highnes most prosperos & nobyll
Rcigne.
In //if margin: Copy for the king™ grmmt tobe made
to Ric. Aylmer for the chef Scrgeuntship of Kyldare wit//
a fee.
J537] THOMAS CROMWELL 77
208. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 591. Aug. 28 (1537)-
Requests them not to take further steps in the disposition of lands and
castles, until the Lord Butler comes over with instructions from the
King.
After my harty Comendac/ons I adu^rtes you that foras-
mochc as the lorde Buttler Shall Resorte thider Shortly and
declare vnto you the kingrj graces mynde & intenc/on touch-
ing the disposiobn of Suche castells and fortresses as he
hathe in his Hand^y his mantes pleasur and Comandement
is that ye Shall Surcesse all maner procedingrj to the dis-
posic/bn of the same vntyll his comyng then Shall I Geve
you ample knolege of his highnes purpose to be by you
Foloyd accordingly. And thus fere you hartely well from
wyndesow the xxviii of August
Your loving frende
THOMAS CROMWELL.
In the margin : Copy to stay our preceding^ of all
things in the lorde butler possessions tyll his comyng
209. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 660. Sept. 7 (1537).
Thanks him for his letters, and kindness shown to Master Leigh.
Desires that all possible favours be shown to Wingfield.
Aftre my right harty cowmendaabns to yo//r lordshippe
I thanke you for your gentle L^//rres and spraally for your
conformytie declared in the same touching the receyving again
of the dromme whom I haue soo often recommended vnto you.
Requiring yo;/r lordship to accomplishe effectually the pur-
pose of my desire in that behaulf. I thanke yo;/r lordship
also for yo//r greate gentlenes for my sake extended to my
Freende Maister Leighe and seing that Maister Marshall is
soo honestly mynded towards him for my sake, I require you
to forget all vnkindnes Betwene the said Marshall and you,
that Joyning togither in oonr prrfite vnytie you may be the
more hable to doo vnto the Kingrj Ma/V^te that seruice that
apperteynethe. I haue at lenght harde (from) s;> Thomas
palmer, and touching the matier of Maister Wingfeld wherin
I wrote vnto you I require you considering his auncientye
and good seruice doom? hertofor as he may haue all that
fauour that he canne desire w/t//out offence to the strenght
LETTERS OF [1537
of the towne or to greate an anwoyancc to the poorc men.
Bothc whiche pointes as I doo cuer prrferrc, soo I trust yo//r
wisedom woll worke in suche a meane betwene oonr and
thother as neither haue their wilkr and yet bothe may be
satisfied vfit/t an honest payment of that whiche may wel be
had, and a convenient mitigac/on in that whiche without to
greate dawmage to the poorc could not be susteyned. And
thus most hartely Fare you wel From Mortlakc the viith of
September
Yo//r lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my verey good lord the vicount lysle the kingrj
deputie of the Toune of Calaice and the marches of the
same
Endd. My lorde pr/vie Seallis
210. CROMWELL TO DR. DINGLEY.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) App. 41. Sept. 23 (1537).
Orders him to appear at once before Cromwell and the Council.
In myn harty maner I cowmende me vnto you Lating you
wit the kingrj pleasure and cow/maundement is that all
excuses and delayes set aparte you shall personally appcrc
befor me and others of his highnes counsail attendant vppon
his p^rsonne w/t// all convenient diligence vppon the receipt
of this my L*7/rre, w/t//out failing as you tender his gracr*
pleaswr And thus Fare you well From Stepney the xxiiilb of
September.
Yo//r Freend THOMAS CRUMWI 1 1..
Add. To my loving Frend Doctour Dingley
Endd. S. xxiii. The lord pr/vey scale To Docto//r Dingley
211. CROMWELL TO <THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O.Cal. xii. (ii) 734- Sept. 23 <I537>-
In favour of Jerome Lynn, in case he make suit for any farm in the
neighbourhood of Carlingford Castle in Louth. Cf. Letter 304.
I comracnde me hertyly vnto you lykewisc desyring and
praying youe that in case my loving srrummt Hieronym Lyn
who is assigned to the Custodye and kepeing of the Castell of
Carlingford in that the kingss Lande of Irlande shalle thinkc
and sue at yo//r handc for any ferme or other thing nerc
aboutc the same Castell mete and Cowmodyouse for him or
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 79
his Retynue of the same l you wylle for my sake paying and
yieldeing suche Reasonable yerely Rent to the k'mges highnes
for the same as any other man wolde gyve and graunte vnto
him your reasonable and Lawfull favors but also in all his
other reasonable poursutes and Requystej Asswell bicause
I thinke he is mete & apte to doo his Magestie goode and
true seruice in those partyes as also bycause he is my
srrudiint whose honeste (and) avauncement I tendre affec-
tuouslye And doughte youe not but I shall remembre your so
doyng and take it thankefully. This fare youe well From
Murtlake this xxiiith of Septembre.
Yo//r loueing Frende
THOMAS CROMWELL.
212. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 735. Sept. 23 (1537).
Desires them to give a suitable farm to the bearer, James Sherlock, whom
the King has appointed his Receiver in the County of Wexford.
In my Right hartye maner I co;;/mende me vnto and
Right so desyre youe to be goode & fauorable vnto my
semaunt James Sherlok this berer whom I Esteme to be
of honest fac/on and dysposiabn, And forasmuche as the
kingrj highnes at my contemplac/bn is contented to make
him his graces Receyvo«r in the Countye of Wexford. And
that it shalbe therfor the more necessarye for him to haue
some conuenyent ferme ther mete for him, at suche tymes as
he shalle make his abode ther for his graces Recepte I shall e
therfor moste hartyly desyre youe to prefer him to some
convenyent ferme wzt//in the sajdc countye wherby ye shalle
admynistre vnto me right thankefull pleasowr. And this
hartyly fare you well From Stepney the xxiiith of September.
Your loveing Frynde
THOMAS CROMWELL.
213. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 207 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 743. Sept. 24 (1537).
In favour of John Birmingham of Ireland, who has been robbed of his
ship and goods by certain Spaniards.
After my moste hartie cowmendac/ons. Where as oon
John brymedgham oon of the Kingrj subiectr^ of Irlande was
1 c. c. as any other man wolde
80 LKTTKRS OF [1537
robbed of Late vpon the see of his shipp and also goodr* by
certain espaynyardrj, For the restytucibn wherof vpon com-
playnt made to the kingis highnes . Thempm>urs Ambas-
sadours here hath ernestly written to the Justice of that
cuntrcy. Leaste the same doo not take effecte there accord-
ing to the due order of Justice and the said partic may
fortune to be driven to seke further for remedie in that
parties, this shalbe hartly to deasire you in that case Soo to
purpose his cause and matier there wit// the empmwrs Coun-
saile, as the said brymedgham may haue Justice administrcd
vnto him in the p/rmisses accordingly. And further to doo
therin, as my lorde Butler hath more at Large declared in his
L7/rres to you at this tyme, who as fully instructed in that
matier hath at leynght written vnto you for the same . vnto
whome I pray you to give ferme and vndoubtid credence.
And thus hartly fare ye well. From Stepenhith the xxiiijth
day of Septembre.
Yo//r louyng Frecnd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray loving and assured Frecnd sir Thomas
Wyot knight the kingrj maicste of Englandrj ambassadowr
In Thempmv/rs Court
Endd. My lord pr/vi scle, of septewhxr . delivered long
afftrr at barsolona for the Irysheman.
2H. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 763. Sept. 28 (1537).
Minute instructions concerning the discharge of their duties in Ireland,
especially in the disposition of property and lands.
In my Right lovcing manrr I cowmende me vnto your
goodc lordshipes And Tyke as I haue heretofore writcn vnto
you the kingfj Commission/vs to Surceasse in dysposing of
any of the holdes or \andcs that nowe Resteith in the lordc
Butlers Custody till his owne Repayre thider Soo shallc
1 desyre youe that for the fassaghc bentre whiche Mr. Richard
Butler brother to the saidc lorde Butler hathe by demise of
the kingss vndertresorer ther ye make therof and of the newe
Bawon and the dyppes aleasc to the saide Mr. Ry chard
making Convenyent Annucll Res*vuacion to the kingrj highnes,
and the rather ye dyspose the same accordingly for that
the saide Richard Butler gardid & kept the same all the
Rebellion tymc there. And where as I am Enformed that
one Piers Freignc cowmenccid an assise againstc oonc
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 81
Richard Wesslcy for Certen landes in the Countye of Kyldare
whiche longtyme hathe dep>endeid and for lack of indyfferent
Tryall it wolde be harde to passe in the saide countye. I de-
syre you therfor that ye call the parties before youe and duely
to Examyn ther Tytlles and to do therupon that to Justice and
Equytie shalle appertayne w/t^oute longer delaye. Tharche-
bysshop of Casshell compleyneth also that where as byforce
of a decre signed by youe my lorde deputie and agreid by all
the Icings hoole Counsaille there he peaceably enyoied the
possession of the parsonage of Clomell that the vycar of the
same dysturbeith him therin by indyrect meanes. I Adu^rtyse
youe that I am remembred that the saide vycar made long
Sute to me to be restored to the possession therof, and being
enformed of the saide decre I thoughte it most expedyent to
Remyt thordering therof to my saide Lorde Deputye and the
kingrj saide counsaill whiche notw/thstandeing as the saide
Archebysshop affermeith by some Indyrect Co wmaundyment
attayned by the saide vycar dysturbeith him newly therin
\vz't//oute any manrr examynaobn of ther Titlles. Wherfor
the kingrj pleaso«r is that accordeing to that decre the saide
Archebysshop contynue peasbly his saide possession vnto
suche tyme as vppon Sufficient tittle if ther shalle happen
any such to be shewid and admytteid, he by lawfull meanes
be excluded from the same. And where as one NichWas
Power being attacheid in Dublyn dyd Submyt him by deade
indenteid Obligatorye to p^rforme thordre of the Bysshop of
Watrrforde Mr Wise, Jamys White recorder of Watrrforde
and of Waltyer Cowley in all stryffes & demaundes dependeing
betwene him and the lady Katryn Butler Wydowe and piers
power her Sonne, I am credeably Informed that they made an
Ordre and awardeid Certen somes to the saide Lady Katherin
and piers. Wherfor I desyre youe that examyning the same
if the saide NidWas haue not sufficient goodes to Satisfye the
somes awardeid that then {you) Extente or cause to Extentid
ccrten convenient p^rcelles of the saide NiclWas landes, the
parties being conformable therunto or otherwyse to do that to
Justyce shalle appertayne for the levying of the saide somes,
and therather that ye Extende your gude and Lawfull favors
to the saide Lady Kateryn for that her husbond was slayne in
the kinges sluice by his Iryshe dysobeysmmter, and that her
Sonne is also in warde wyth the king. And ferthermore
where as the Erlle of Ossery contynued the possession of the
prysewynes of Kynsale I am Lykewise enformed that he hathe
been dysturbed therin Lately contrary to theflfect of the kingw
magestie L^/fcres heretofore for that pwrpose dyrecteid.
Wherfor the kingrj pleaswr is that he shalle enyoie and Con-
MERRIMAN. II G
82 LETTERS OF [153?
tynuc in his saide possfssion vnto suchetyme as vppon goode
and Sufficient Tytlle if ther shalbc any suchc exhibyted and
Admytteid he by Lawful 1 meanes be put and excludeid from
the same. VVriten at Stepney the xxviii* daye of Scptembre.
Yowr loueing Frinde
THOMAS CROMWELL.
215. CROMWELL TO THE < IRISH) COMMISSIONERS.
B. M. Add. MSS. 19,865, f. 6b; Cal. xii. (ii) 782. Sept. 30 (1537).
Desires them suitably to reward Edmund Sexton for keeping the castle
of Deriknockanc, beside Limerick.
The coppy of the Lor*/ Privie Seal's \etters to the King's
Comissioners.
After my right harty manner I comende me unto you.
And forasmuch as the king's servant Edmonde Sexten had
the custody & keepinge of the Castell of Deriknockane be-
seeds Limrricke by apointme«t of the Lord Deputy & as yet
is not allowed for the costs & charges he hath ben at by
reaso/i of the keepinge of the same. Therfor the king's plea-
sure is yee shall see him allowed for all his reasonable charges
and that by your means he be discharged therof or otherwise
put in security of payment for the keepinge of the same soe
as he be noe looser therebe, desiring you to extend your law-
full favors unto him therm & in all other his reasonable suits,
the rather at the contcmplacio;/ of these my letters wherbe yee
shall minister unto me right acceptable pleasure as knowcth
God whoe preserve you. fro/« Mortlake the last day of
September.
216. (CROMWELL) TO MICHAEL THROG< MORTON).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 619. Sept. (1537).
Informs him that the King has consented to send Dr. Wilson to confer
with Pole, in case he is assured that Pole will wait for him at
Maestri cht.
[In my har]tie mancr I cimmend me vnto youe And
[whereas I haue relceyued your \etttrca of the xxth of August
[djcclaringat lengnt the causes that moeved youe [so] long to
dcmore and continue in [those] parties [with sun]dry other
things in the same expressed] .... your \ettcrcs I receyued
also a \ette\re] the Kingts Maiesties Ambas[sador] in
THOMAS CROMWELL 83
Flaunders conteyninge amonges other things certayn credence
committed to a friowr whiche the same frier declared vnto him,
growing in effect to this point, that if his maiestie wold put
a stey to suche .... as ye write the Bisshop of Rome and [his
accowjplisses be mynded to put furth agaynst his highnes,
there were not so mete an Instrument for the purpose as
doctowr Wylson. For aunswer wherunto ye shall vnd<?rstand
that taking youe yet for a man that wold all were well, and
conduced to the satisfaction of his Maitstie, I haue opened
the hole discowrs of all the saide \etterzs to his highnes And
travailed not only to continue [the go]od opinion that his
grace hath conceyved of But also that his grace shuld
condescende to the sending of [Doctowr Wyjlson vnto your
Masfer, freendely and frankely to [com]mune vrttA him for
his reconsiliaczbn. And albeit [the Icings] Maiestie estemyth
al that the Bisshop of [Romes] malice canne doo \\i\Jt his
craftie meanes as [less] then nothing, not douting but vftt/t
the [help] of god, in whom his hieghnes hath reposed
his princely puissance and great wysedom all tymes be
hable to put him and all his that will in any wise shewe their
malice grace to rebuke and displeasswr . yet suche
Inclination I fynd in his Maiestie that to sav he hath
from his Cradel norrished [and] brough[t up in] Lernyng and
whose famyly be d an[d] vndr fote his
goodnes hath aga[in] their honour and pos-
sessions. In cace his Hi[ghnes] assured that he woll
tarye at Mas[tricht] tyll .... may Repaire thider to entreate
all maters at length [with] hym His Maieste woll send the
said Mr. Wilson w/t// dilig^wce for that purpose. Whiche
your Master woll not re[fuse] to do If he reteyn that mynd
that owne word^ he hath in hym. Surely
soever he hath forced his Maieste to declare agenst [him his]
highnes wold more esteme the reconciliacion of hy[m that]
he knoweth to be made an Instrument to his owne con [fusion
in] the ende if he persist in it then he passeth of all [that the]
bishop of Romes malice can work agenst his gracfe ]. Wher-
fore if he woll in any parte answer to his hi[ghnes] clemencye
and affection towards hym let h[im] ........ write the cer-
taynte for his demore be as he may rather redubbe
partely the any further Irritate his grace by any
or sentences to be in his \etttres expressed
see the \etteves conveyed hither and m the meane
season tyll answer com<? And thus Fare ye woll.
From M[ortlake] of Septewbre at night
Add. To michel Throg[merton]
84 LETTERS OF [1537
217. CROMWELL TO DR. WILSON AND DR. HEATH.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 620. (Sept. 1537.)
Instructions for their conference with Pole. They are to urge him to
come back and become reconciled to the King, who has borne so
patiently with his madness.
A Rememberaunce to Mr. Doctowr Wilson and Mr. Hethe
Chaplayns to the King^j Maiestie for the better Dircctyon
of themselffj in theyr voyage in to Flaunders and thad-
vauncement of the purpose of their Jorneye thither
First whereas Michael Throgmerton serim/mt to Reynold
whiche Pole against his dieutie of alleageaunce and in the playn
open and manyfest contempt of the King« Maiestye his
natural and most benigne Soucreigne lorde that of his mere
goodnes from his mothers pappe nurished him not w/tAout
hys great expense and charge in vertuous discipline and
good l*7/rres, hathe lately gevin himself into thanoVj of his
Hieghnes mortal and sworn enemye the bisshopp of Rome
and taken vppon him the most miserably and ingrately that
hathe been seen or harde of to become bothe a Sicophanta in
Writing and a most Vnkynde deuiser and Worker of things
most detestable and traytorous against hys sayd Souereigne
lorde that hathe doon* so muche for him and beside erected
the famile Whereof he ys come being depressed and worthely
for their treasons heretofore against their princes and cuntrcys
cowmytted overwhelmed and cast downe and of lesse thenne
nothing hathe gevin them investiture of honowr and ViitA the
same possessyons accordingly . Dyd of late -witA a pretence
of a certain loyaltye towards the king« Hieghnes Wryte
vnto me the lorde pryve Seal Hys 1/7/rres from liege Bering
date the XXth of August last passed in the which among*-.*
other things that the same Throgmerton dyd setfurthe con-
cernyng the purposes of the bisshopp of Rome, He dyd also
inscrte that the sayd Maister Wilson shuld in his opinion be
a meate instrument to steye the sayd Pole Whom it appereth
the sayd Throgmerton taketh to be of no suche Judgement as
myght not wel be steyed in his folye by men of right meane
lernyng and grauitie were yt not that his folishc wilfull Wyll
being glory ous in itself and thereby gladde to ioyne to yt suche
as woll Flatter him in his fantazyes to his owne distruccfcm if
he repent not shortely must for His Recouereye if there be
any recouereye in him haue suche personnes to settfurth his
sayd folye afore his face, as he may be no lesse vnhable to
defende the same by any coolowr of lernyng against them
'537] THOMAS CROMWELL 85
thenne ashamed if he be not more thenne past shame to send1
in argument against men of suche lernyng and grauitie as the
sayd Wilson and Hethe be, having co/;/w/w//icated theffect of
the sayd Thrognvrtons W#res to the kingrj sayd Maiestie
and therew/t/* made most humble sute vnto his hieghnes to
graunte licence vnto the sayd maister Wilson to repayre to
the sayd pole being here at hande in the confynes of Flaun-
ders, I founde a gratyous inclynaczon in him to condescende
to my desyer which as I folowed vrt'tA humble petyc/on
Soo the same brought me furthe the p^rfyt accomplishment
of my sute, suche was the greate clemencye of his Maiestye
that he could not but shewe himself willing to haue recouered
that he hath himself made sumwhat of nothing, whenne he
seeth it in suche Jeopardye of vtter distruccion. Howe muche
yvel soeuer yt hathe deserued of hym for the greate benefytrj
it receyved, soo as fynally his grace licenced me not onely to
sende the sayd Wilson and Hethe to the sayd Pole, but also
to instruct them for the better acchievement of that purpos
wzt^ suche aduise of some others of his hieghnes Counsail as
were thought mete for their lernyng^j and Judgements to
consult vppon the same Whereuppon ioynyng to me the
Reuerende fathers in god the Bisshopps of Duresme and
london men of no lesse estimatyon for their vertues thenne for
their excellent lernyng^r, Lyke as they have bothe in the de-
claratyon of their Sentence in the points of lernyng to the
sayd Wilson and Hethe and in their k//rres thereup[on] con-
veyed and directed to the sayd Pole sufficiently doon^ their
paries and aswel for their thinstructyon and for the full recon-
siliatyon of the sayd Pole if he woll well prrpende and waye
their wryting and confowrme himself to ensue and folowe the
same. So for the rest yt pleased his Maiestye to appoynt me
to instruct the sayd Mr. Wilson and Mr. Hethe in matur and
Fowrme folowing.
First that addressing themselfcj in Jorneye towards the
place where the sayde Pole dothe lye which ys at they
shall (take) wtt/t them this Remewberaunce w/tA the kV/rres
wrytten from the sayd Bysshopps, a srrmon lately made by
the bisshopp of Yorke, an oratyon settfurth by the bisshopp
of Winchestre, a booke of certain thinges lately determyned
here by the hole clergy And at their arryvall there
they shall playnely and in a Franke sorte declare vnto the
sayd Pole his miserable state and condytyon, and (on) thother
syde the greate clemencye and benignyte that is in the Prince
which hathe suffered them for his reconsiliatyon to reasorte
1 riCjor stand
Sfi LETTERS OF [1537
vnto hym w/th the grcate app/ww/ncc they haue that his
Maw-jte woll yet take him to mercye and besidrr put him in
the state of an honest man if he woll return home from his
Folye knowleage his faulte and desyer forgyvenes for yt,
aduising him as moche as they maye to waye and consyder
in what state he standeth What grace he may nowe fynd if
he woll conforme himself to yt, and what thcnde ys lyke to be
yf he prrsyst in his madnes. In the declaratyon of which
p^rtes and the reasonyng of the poyntes of lernyng which
they shall alledge for his conuersyon they shall in no wise
call hym by any other name thenne by the tytle of Mr. Pole
ne in their gesture gyve hym any pr^emynence but they shall
Fatyon bothe their woord« and gesture of suche sorte as he
may pmreyve that they haue him in the lesse estimatyon for
his vayn tytle and vnauised priced inges to the same, and
if they shall prrceyve him repentaunt for his Folishe madnes
and gladde to seke for Remyssyon of the same they shall
thenne aduise him for a testymony thereof bothe to submyt
himself to the kingrj Ma;>Jte by his l*7/rres and to send vnto
the same contynently the mynute of his Frantique booke
putting himself also in order to repayr hether witA diligence in
his prrsonne to make lyke submyssyon as shalbe first signifyed
in his W/rres and if he shall put any daunger in his cuwmyng
hither w/t//out a Further assuraunce the said Mr. Wilson and
Mr. Hethe shall in that case adurrtise me wtA diligence what
he shall therein desyer. And I shalbe an humble suter to the
king« Ma&.rte to declare his Clemency in suche wise towards
him as he shall not neade I trust to Feare any thing in that
behalf.
Endd. Mr. Wilson rcmewbrawce for Pole.
218. (CROMWELL) TO MICHAEL (THROGMORTON).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 795. (Sept. 1537.)
A scathing rebuke to Throgmorton for his loyalty to Pole. Expatiates on
Pole's ingratitude and folly, and threatens both him and his servant
with punishment by death, unless they return and submit to the King.
I thowght that the singular goodnes of the kingfs hieghnes
shewed vnto youe, and the great and singuler clemencie
shcwid to that detestable trayto;/r yowr maistcr, in promysing
hym not onely forgeuenes, but also forgettings of his most
shamefull ingratitude, vnnaturalnes, conspiracic against his
honowr, of whome he hathr receyued no more, but evyn
asmuche and all that he hathr, I thowght I saye, that either
J537] THOMAS CROMWELL 87
this princely goodnes, myght haue brought that desperat
rebell from his so stourdy malice, blyndnes and p^rvicacie,
orell^r haue encouraged youe to be his hieghnes true and
feithfull subiect. But I now remember my self to late. I myght
better haue Judged, that so dishonest a maister, cowlde haue
but evyn suche seruantrj as youe ar. No, no, Loyaltie and
treason dwell seldome togethers. There can no feithfull
subiect so long abide the sight of so haynous a traytowr to
his prince. Yow cowld not all this season haue byn a spie for
the king, but at some tyme your cowntenance shuld haue
declared yo//r harte to be loyall towards your prince, and
vtterly bent against his trayterous dealings. No youe and
your maister haue bothe well declared how letle feare of god
restithe in youe, which ledd by vayne promyse of promocyon,
thus against his lawes, worke treason toward*? your naturell
prynce and contrey, to serue an enymye of god, an enemye
of all honestie, an enemye of right religion, a defender of
iniquytie, of pryde, a marchaunt and occupier of all deceyte,
and of twentie things that no honeste mannes penn can well
towche, muche lesse vtter and putt forthe. Yow thinke youe
doo goode seruyce there to the king*? hieghnes ; for asmuche
as yow now se things, that being absent, youe shulde not
haue seen, suche verelye as might haue done greate damage ;
if youe hadde not seen them. Yow haue bleared myn yee
ones : Yowr credite shall neuermore serue youe so farr, to
deceyue me the second tyme . I take youe as youe ar : And
do thinke it muche light for youe to forge Wteres, whiche by
woroVj, not long sowght for ; thus haue deceyued me. Yowr
parte was, to do as the king your souuerayn lorde had com-
maunded youe. Yowr praise was to be sowght in obeying
his hieghnes pleasure ; and not in servyng your foolyshe
fantasie, All though ye had thought this waye to haue
[done] his grace better seruyce, But now to stick vnto a
Kebe[l] to follow a traytowr, to serue a frende of his, which
mortally hatithe your souuerayn lorde, to loue hym, whome
god cannot but hate, What follye is it to excuse suche madd
lewdnes. Yo*/r good maister lately entryd into the Religion
that hathe been the ruyn of all Religion, cannot ye saye, but
be the kingly hiegh frende. He woll (as ye write) declare vnto
the worlde, why the king takithe hym for a traytowr. In
this thing, he nedithe to travaile neuer a dele. All prince
(almoste) knowe, how well he hathe deseruyd this name.
Yee, the king^r hieghnes is muche beholding vnto some of
them, of whome his grace hathe lerned the godly entreprises
that this sely cardenall went aboute. Now if those that haue
made hym thus madd, can also p^rswade hym to prynte his
h8 LETTERS OF [1537
detestable booke, where one lye lepfeth] in euery lyne in an
others neck, he shalbe then asmuche oounde to them, for their
good counsaill, as his famylie .... to hym, for his wyse
dealings. God I doubt not will scnde hym as Ictle Joy therof
as his frendes kynsfolke ar like to take proffit of it.
Pi[ty it] is, that the follye of one braynesick Poole, or to say
better, of one witles foole, shuld be the Ruyn of so gre[at]
a famylie. Let hym regne, and follow ambioion a[s] faste as
he can, these that letle haue offended (sauy[ng] that he is of
theyr kynne) wer not the great marcie and benygnytie of the
prynce shulde and might fele what it is to haue suche
a trayto//r to their kynsman. Let his goodly booke, the
frute of his whole studie, come abrode ; Is there any man, but
he may well accuse our prince of to muche clemencie, and
muche mervaile that no wayc is founde to take awayc
thawctowr of suche trayterie. Surely, when axrswer shalbe
made to his heddy malice, I thinke, there shalbe veray fewe,
but they will thinke (as I do) he hathe as he deseruyth, if he
be brought to most shamefull dethe. Let hym not thinke,
but thoughe he can lye largely, there be some wit/r vs, that
can say truthe of hym. His preise shalbe greate, when men
shall se the king« hieghnes benefits towards hym, thad-
uancement of his famylie from nothing at all, to that they
now be in, And then shall loke vpon his good harte, his grate-
full mynde, his desyre to seme the kingss honour. Let his
lewde worke go forthe, after that let princes iudge whether
the king can take thauctowr of so famous a libell to be his
true subiect. Let the k'mges hiegh benrfitcs, and (whiche is
farr more to be extemed) his singuler benevolence shewed
vnto hym of a childe, come, and make their plee, can he, or
youe, thinke any grownde safe for hym to stande in. Hathe
he not Just cause to feare leste euery honest man shuld offre
hym self to revenge this so enorme vnkyndenes. Shall he not
thinke, euery honest man to be his foo, to be mystrusted :
Shall not his detestable Actes written in his conscience, euer
more bryng hym to contynuel sorrow, vex hym, and so vex
hym, that nowhere he shalbe quyet. And ye know that
when so ever the kyng will, his hieghnes may bring it easilye
to passe, that he shall thinke himself scasc sure of his lytc,
althoughe he went tyde at his maisters girdell. There maye
be founde wayes ynow in Italy, to rydd a trayterous subiect.
Surely let hym not thinke, but where Justice can take no
place by processe of Lawe at home, some tymes she may be
enforced to seke new mcancs abrode . Kmongrj all your
pratie ncwes, thes ar veray pleasant, that the wylie busshop
of Rome, intendith to make a lamcntacion to the worldc, and
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 89
to desire euery man to pray that his olde gaynes may returne
home agayn Men will well thinke he hathe cause, or at the
leaste good tyme to lament, not that the king of Englonde
hathe pulled his Realme out of thraldome, but that a greate
parte of the worlde, is like to do the same. Many a man
wepithe for lesse. We blame hym not, if he lament.
Howbeit, doubte ye not, he shall fynde some man wit/t
vs, that shall bydd hym be a better man, though they
byd hym not be of better chere. If your good Master
take vpon hym to make this lamentac/bn (as in deade I
thinke there is no man a lyve that hathe better cawse to
waile, then he hathe) assure ye hym that he shall lacke no
consolacion. Paul popith Jolyly, that woll desire the worlde
to pray for the k'mges apeyrement This ypochrisye cow-
myth evyn as it shuld do, and standith in place meyt for it.
The worlde knovvith right well, what other wyles he hathe
practised these iii yeres They shall lawgh well to se his
holynes come to prayer, bycause he cannot bring to passe
that he most dcsireth. He that the last day went aboutes to
set all prince in his grac^j topp, writing k/teres almoste to
all princes, for the bringing of this to passe, shall he not now
be thought holye ; that thus sodenly castithe a way his weapen
and fallithe to his bed^j. God hearith (as Peter saythe) the
prayers of the Juste synners ; If they be harde at any tyme,
it is when they praye for goode things. He shall not praye
so faste that we maye returne to error ; to the defense of
tyranny, vngodlynes vntruthes, as we shall praye vnto god
that his grace long may contynue towards our most vertuous
prince, vs subiecter and seruanter to bothe. We trust our
prayers shalbe harde And that ypochritrj neuer (after this
daye) shall regne ouer vs.
Of the generall counsaill ; I nede saye nothing. Euery man
well pkvceyuethe the difference betwyxt a franke, a holy,
a godly, a generall cownsaill, and an assemblie of ambicious
manciples, of men sworne to popis lustes and gaynes. The first,
shall neuer be, as long as the Popes shall rather seke their
owen glorie, then goddes honour. There may be (as there
haue beyn to to ofte) a companye confederat against god, his
lawcs his glorie. These may be gathered togethers, neuer
better then now (the world being so occupied in euery corner
of it, as it is) A generall counsaill, begynneth a day after the
Grekes Kalends. Michael, if yow wer either naturall towards
your contrey, or yo;/r famylie, you wolde not thus shame all
your kynne. I pray god they byde but the shame of it. This
am I sure of, thoughe they by and by suffre no losse of good*- s,
yet the lest suspicion shalbe ynowghe to vndoo the greatist of
90 LETTERS OF [1537
them. Wherforc if yc will yet turne, to your cuntrcy, and
shew yowrself sorye for that ye foolishly haue done, I dare
assure youe ye shall fynde the kyng« hieghncs muchc more
redye to seke commendacion of clemencie, then of Justice at
yo//r fawltrr. Turne be tyme, yc haue taryed almost to long.
If youe come not now, ye maye perchaunce be as euyll delt
Mfit/i in Rome itself, as ye haue dcserued to be in Englond.
I can no more ; but desyre god that your Masffr, and yow may
acknowlage yo«r detestable faltrj, and be good wytncsses of
the kingrj hiegh mercie. Ye may turn, If ye so do, I doubt
not, but the king« hieghncs woll welt show the worldc, that he
desireth nothing more then the savyng of his subject/^. I f ye
contynue in yowr malice, and jvrucrse blyndnes ; doubt ye not,
but yowr cndfs shalbe as of all traytours for the most parte is.
I haue done what I may, to save youe. I must I thinke
do what I can to se youe condigly punysshed. God send
youe bothe to fare as ye deserue, that is either shortly to com
to your allegiaunce orell^j to a shamefull deathe.
219. (CROMWELL) TO (THE DUKE OF NORFOLK).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 392. (Jan.-Sept. 1537.)
The King desires him to cause one or two of the Council to ride to
Ilamborough Castle and report what repairs are needed to make it
habitable.
After my right harty cowmendac/ons to yowr lordship
wheras the kingr s highnes hathe given the keping of his castle
of Bamburghe vnto this berer Maistr Horseley forasmoche as
his grace is cnformed that the said Castle is soo farre in decaye
that w/t//out some reparation to be prrrrntly doon vppon it, it
canne not be enhabited, his graces pleasure is that yo//r lord-
ship shall cause some oonr or two of the consail there to ride
to the said Castle and to vueu the state thcrof and what
rcp0rac/bns must be necessarily doon out of hande vppon the
same to make it habitable, and making theruppon an estimate
of the charges to adurrtise his ma/>jte of their doinges therin
accordingly forseing that they precede in this matier witA
suche dcxteritie as in the reparac/bns to be doon for the
dwelling of the keper, they haue only respecte to the neccssitie
therof and not to any thing to be doon for pleasure or
suchc cowmoditie as may be spared. And thus Fare you
(well).
Endd. copye of a lr//rre for Mr. Horseley.
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 91
220. CROMWELL TO < WILLIAM BRABAZON).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 826. 001.4(1537).
He is to allow to Lord Butler reasonable fees for his services, when he
has accounted for the profits of certain castles of which he has had
the keeping.
In my Right harty Maner I comend me vnto you & wher
as the lorde Butler hathe had the charge of keping of
the Castells & holdes of Caterlaugh Thisteldormont Kylka
Castellcurr Knokraffyn & Glaschare aswell in the tyme of the
Rebellyon ther as Sythens whiche Castells be scytuatt in
the Frountares & marches for the profytes & Reuenues wherof
Receyued by the said lorde Butler or his offycers he most be
accomptaunt to the kingcs highnes his magestes pleasur and
comandmewt is that vpon the accompt of the said lorde
Buttler in to the whiche as he aflfermyth he hathe Entred,
having opteyned of you afurther Respett or day for makyng
vp therof ye Shall alow to hym for the garding and defens of
the said Castells & holdes Suche Somes of money as you w*t^
thadvyce of his grac^j Comissioners ther at this tyme schall
think Resonable & indyfierent sowyng in the same vnto hym
convenyewt Fauor and thus hartely Fare you well, from
murtlake the iiiith of Octobre
"Your loving frend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
In the margin : for my lorde butler allowance for castells
keping.
221. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 838. Oct. 6(1537).
The King desires them to show favour to the inhabitants of Waterford,
who have rendered good service to the royal cause.
In my Right Loveing man^r I cowmende me vnto you and
being in sundry wyse adu^rtyseid of the goode hartye
demeanowr & laudable s/ruice of the maier bayllyues & Cyty-
zens of the kingw Cytie of Watrrford aswell in the obsrrueing
alwaye of ther allegeaunce to the kingw highnes and ResySte-
ing of Rebelles at sundry tymes of Rebellion in that his graces
Lande of Irlande as of the refressing and exburseing Bothe of
the money & vyctayles for a long tyme to the greate Comfort
succur & Relyef of the King^r Armye ther and in especyall of
William Seintloo and his Retynue whiche I assure youe the
OJ LETTERS OF
kingrj magcstie acceptcth Right well & thankfully whois
pleaswr & Cowmaundynv;// is that in all causcis & maters
that shalle consowrne the said mayer Bayllyues & Cytyzens
ye doo extende yowr goode & laufull fauowrs from tyme to
tyme. And this fare youe hartyly well wrytenat Mortlake the
vilh day of Octobre
Yowr Loueing frendc
THOMAS CROMWELL.
222. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 208 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 870. Oct. 10 < 1 537.)
Directs him to sound the Emperor on the subject of the mediation
proffered by Henry, and on other matters. News of the Court.
Urges him to try to discover the Emperor's real inclinations.
Maister Wiat aftre my right harty co;«mendac/ons By this
bererRougecroix you shall receyve the King^rhighnes Lr//rres
conteyning his pleasure for an ouerture to be setfurth for
a mediae/on of peax Betwene Themprrowr and the Frenche
king wherin By the said \etteres you shall prrceyve that his
grace like a good prince, and a very Freende to both parties,
ofirethe himself to travayl, if they woll cow/mytt the mayning
of the matier to him. Your parte shalbe nowe like a good
Oratowr, bothe to setfurthe the princely nature and incly-
nac/on of his highnes w/t/r all dextcritic, and soo to obserue
Thempmw/rs answers to the said Ouerture and to the rest of
the pointes in the same W/rres expressed, as you may therby
fishe out the botom of his stomake, and aduertise his Ma/rjte
howe he standethe disposed towards him, and to the con-
tynuance of thamytie betwene them. It is Bruted that there
shuld be a coww///«ication of a peax to be mayned by others.
vse all yowr wiscdom in thenscrche also therof that you may
in that matier likewise signific suwme certaintie to his highnes
and semblably what thempmv/r woll doo touching the bisshop
of Romes counsail whiche the Germaynes vppon good groundes
haue refused to consent vnto, and the King« Ma/>.rtie vppon
many of the respect/-.? declared by the Germaynes w/'t^ certain
other greate and weightie considerations hathc made like
refusel, You must in yowr conference w/t/r themp^rowr take
occasion to spcake of all those matiers, and soo frankely to
spcake of them as you may fcale the dcpcncs of his hartc.
wherin you shall doo good smiice. It is mochc mrrvailed
that you haue not yet delyuered my Lady Maries grace !<-//<-rcs.
It was a parte of yowr Instruction and therfor very negligently
thus p/rtermyttcd. I haue yet soo excused the matier that
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 93
you may nowe delyuer them and write thanswer to the same,
as doon befor according to your commission thoughe not at
the first accesse, for want of oportunytie. The Kingw Maieste
is your good and gratious lorde and taketh your conference
both w/t// Monsieur de Grandevile and those vfit/t Themp^rowr
himself in good parte. Contynue vigilant nowe in thenserching
out of things mete to be knowen, and vse diligence in adu^-r-
tisement whenne any suche thing shall occurre. And doubt
you not but your srruice shalbe wel employed. And as for
yowr diette and post money I shall see you shall haue them
paid according to yowr warrant, and in the rest of yowr affaires
I shall be suche a Freende vnto you if nede require as your
enemyes if you haue any shall wynne litle at your hande in
yowr absence. Your brother Anthony lee hathe been in the
porters Lodge for consenting to the steling of certain the
kinges hawkes and your suster suying for his delyumince
hath ben here vritA me at Mortlake they be bothe mery, and
the k'mges highnes is nowe again good lorde vnto him.
Gentle Maister Wiat nowe vse all your wisedome rather to
trye out howe themp^rowr is disposed towards the kinge
highnes, thenne to presse him anything to agre to the ourrture
of mediaabn if he woll not as gentilly embrace it as it is made
freendly vnto him. For to be plain wttA you thother parte
declare him in \vordes towards his Ma&rte to make only faire
wether, and in his harte dede and worker, to doo all that he
canne to his grace dishonowr, insomoche as they bost them-
selfcr to haue refused some honest offres for themselfcr bicause
they were knytt wit// vile and filthie conditions towards his
Ma&rte. And if it be true It is pitye there shuld be suche
dissimulac/bn in suche a prince, and specially towards him,
whom he ought of congruence all thinge considered to obserue
love and honour to his vttermost, if you thinke that the
speaking of thise things vnto him may be any meane to
disciphre his very meanyng bolte them out of yowrself as
signified vnto you by some of the Agente of the Kinge
highnes in Fraunce. And whenne you shal be in communica-
tion of thise maticrs handle them v/itA suche a plain franknes
as youe may drawe suwwhat out, that p^rcace restethe yet
hidden vndre a colored cloke of Freendeship or at the least
manifest and make open that like a prince of honowr he
meaneth as he prrtendethe. I thanke you for your sundry
\etttres, and require you to be diligent in writing of thoccur-
rantrj there, as you may haue oportunytie of Messengers,
putting the Kingrj Maieste to no further chardge thenne yowr
wisedome shall thinke expedient. Yowr gentle suster being
yet here desired me to have her cowmcnded vnto you in thise
94 LETTERS OF [1537
\ft feres. I sende you hcrw/t// a \ettere writen from Mr. pate
to an Englishman in themprrowrs courte, whcnne you haue
red it copie it, and soo scale and dclyurr it and sollicite
thanswer w/'t/r al diligence For the Kittges Maitste moche
desirethe to trye out that maticr of Dignely. Thus fare you
hartely well. From Mortlake xmo Octobrw.
Yowr assuryd louyng Freend
THOMAS C RUM WELL.
Fayle not to get the answer to the matier of Digneley \vitA
suche spede as it may be sent vfitA the next post if it be
possible
Add. To my veray loving Freend Sir Thomas Wyat
Knight the Kingw ambassadour Resident withe Themp^rowr.
Endd. My lord pr*'vi sele in October by barthobmew at
barbastra.
223. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. an ; Cal. xii. (ii) 890. Oct. 12, 1537.
Directs him to inform the Emperor of the birth of Prince Edward.
After my right herty cowmendac/on This shalbe to aduer-
tise you that sithens the Departure of Rouge croix whiche
was despechcd to you in post on wesnesday last here be no
newes occurrantrj but veray good newes which for surctie
I have receyved this mornyng, that it hath pleased allmyghty
god of his goodnes to scnde vnto the Quencs grace delyvr-
aunce of a goodly prince to the grete confort Reioysse and
consolac/bn of the K'mges Maieste and of all vs his most
humble loving and obedient subiectry Wherof we have veray
grete cause to thancke our most benigne and graciouse
creato//r, who after so long expcctac/bn hath exalced o//r
prayowrs and desyres I have writen this lettere having thop-
portunitc of this present Curroi/r To thintent that ye shal
adiu-rtisc Thempmw/r Therof. I thinkc that w/'t// convenient
diligence the Kingrr hignes will write vnto hym and to other
prince of thesame to make them participaunt of his grete
Joye and confort Wherof I shal move hym tomorowe at my
next being w/t/i his grace Thus Fare ye hertely well From
Sainct James beside Westminster this xijlh of October the
xxixlh ycu of his most pr^sperouse Rcgne.
"Your louyng assuryd freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. A mon trcsbon et asseurc amy Monsieur Wyat
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 95
conseillewr et ambassadewr du Roye Dangleterre [R]eside«t
en La Court Lemper^r.
Endd. My lord p *vi sele in decemtvr delivered, long
aflfter the date by the see of the news of the prince.
And again, My lord pr/vi sele in October by see of a couryour
late affur the date
224. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYAT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 215 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 950. Oct. 20 (1537).
Requests him to take such steps that the King may be informed of
the Emperor's feeling towards him, at the return of the bearer,
Mr. Dudley.
Maister Wiat aftre my right harty cow/mendaa'ons bicause
it hathe pleased the kingr; Ma/>jte to addresse this berer
to Thempmwr to signifie vnto him the certain newes of the
birthe of the prince, knowing that his instruction to you shalbe
sufficient wit/iout further repeticibn of the same, I shall for-
bere to molest you with long letteres and only require you
to handle your last commission in suche discrete and temperate
sorte, as at the returne of this said Berer Mr. Dudley yo#r
good Freende, his highnes may p^rceyve that thing \vhiche
his grace desirethe to knowe that is themp^rowrs good inclyna-
cion towards his Ma/Vjte or the contrary if it shall otherwise
appere vnto you. And thus Fare you hartely well From
St. James beside Westminster the xxth of October.
The kingfj- highnes desirethe you also to sende an answer
by Maister Dudley of the matier touching Dignely. For his
grace hath it spatially to harte. And I pray you reme;«bre
what was last writen to youe touching the \etteres addressed
from my lady Mary.
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To myn Assured loving Freende sir Thomas Wiat
knight the \tinges Ambassadowr w/'t// Thcmperour.
Endd. My lord pri'vi sele in October by sir John duddely
at barbastra
225. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 991. Oct. 27 (1537).
Desires them to assign a pension and a suitable retinue to Lord James
Butler, whom the King has appointed Constable of two of his castles.
In my right hartie maner I cowmende me vnto (you).
And where as the kings; Highnes at my Contemplacibn hathe
96 LETTERS OF [1537
constitutcid my Lordc Butler to be his Magcstics Counstable
and Captain in his gractt Castclls of Catherlaghc and Kylka,
his highnes hathe wylled me to Sygnyfie vnto you that his
plcasi/r & cowmaundyment is that ye shalle Lymyte and
apointc suchc A//nuall cowucnycnt Fees to him for thexcersyc-
ing of the same Romes as ye shalle thinke expedyent And that
also ye appointe suche Nombre of the kingrj Soldyers and of
his men in wage as for the Gardeing thcrof shalbe mete &
necessary yf ye haue or shalle thinke those Caste) Is of the
Nombre mete to be so manned and gardeid. And that therin
and in eurry matticr that shalle consowrne Therlc of Ossery
his Father or the said Lord Butler for my sake ye extcnde
yonr goode and Lawfull fauoars from tyme to tyme. And
this fare ye hartyly well From the Neate beside Westm/'/w/^r
the xxvii of Octobre
"Your Loueing Frinde
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
226. (CROMWELL) TO LORD WILLIAM (HOWARD) AND
GARDINER.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 1004 (i). (October, 1537.)
Desires them to announce to Francis the death of Queen Jane, and to
make inquiries concerning certain ladies in France, who might be
suitable for the Kinp to marry. Upbraids Gardiner for not trusting
Cromwell's friendship.
My very good lordes after most harty cowmendac/ons how-
soeuer our affections wold Bere things that be aduerse [and]
contrary to our desires. Yet Bicause .... knowe that yo«r
wisedomes w preface reason and y that which
curry man to whom god hathe g wil thankful[ly]
embrace that is his will and pleasure I shall in fewe wordes
comprehende that god hath sent vnto vs that is w/t/i our
Joye, a notable displeasure and sorowe if it may be called
sorowe or displeasure that he woll prrmytt and suffre. Our
prince our lord be thanked is in good health and suckcth like
a child of his puissance whiche you my lorde Will/am canne
declare Our Mastrcs thoroughe the faultc of them that were
about her which suffred her to take greate cold and to eat
things that her fantazie in sykncs called for, is departed to
god. The kingrr MarVrtes pleasure is that you shal [adujrr-
tise the frenche king of this her gracrj departure. Whom
we be all boundc to remembrr and pray for, having left vnto
vs soo goodly a pledge, as is our Yong Maister. And foras-
mochc as thoughe his Ma*«te is not anything disposed to
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 97
mary again Albeit his highnes god be thanked takethe this
chaunce as a man that by reason wtt/t forte ouercometh his
affection, may take such an extreme adventure. Yet1 as
sundry of his gracrj co[un]sail here have thought it mete for
vs to be most humble suters to his Ma/r^te to consider the
state of his realme and to enter eftsones in to an other Matry-
monie in place for his highnes satisfaction convenient Soo
his tendre zeale to Vs his subgiettar hathe already so
moche ouercom^ his graces* disposition And framed his
mynde bothe to be indifferent to the thing and to thelection
of any person from any parte that w/t// deliberation shalbe
thought mete for him, that as we lyve in hope that his grace
woll again couple himself to our comforts, soo considering
what parsonages in Christendom be mete for him Among«
the rest there be two in Fraunce that may be thought on,
thone is the frenche king^ doughter whiche as it is said is not
the metest, thother is Madame de Longevile, whom they say
the king of Scotto dothe desire. Of whose conditions and
qualities in curry pointe his Ma*V.rte desireth you bothe wz't^
all your dexterite and good meanes to enquire and likewise
in what pointe and termes the said king of Scotter standeth
towards either of them, whiche his highnes is soo desirous to
knowe, his graces desire therin to be neuertheles in any wise
kept secret to yowrselfay that his pleasure is that you my
lorde Will/am shal not return tyl you may lerne both howe
the king of Scotter standethe in his sute, and what the con-
ditions and qualities of both prrsonnes be, whiche knowen
as you may by any possible meanes attayn to the knowleag
of it soo as at the return of you my lord Willmm you may wel
declare it & his graces woll that you my lord William shall
return according to yo;/r instructions In thenserching out
of whiche matier his Ma/V^te dcsirethe you bothe to exhibite
that circumspection and diligence that may answer to his
graces expectaobn conceyvid of you. Nowe my lord of
Wynchester yesternight arryved here your Lr/Ares sent to
the binges Maieste by yo//r seruaunt Massye, and wii/t the
same your "Lctteres also to me, Bothe whiche Letteres the
kingcs Maieste hathe thoroughly perused. And first for your
vigilancy declared in the same touching the investigaabn of
thoccurrantey there and specially in what termes themper<?r
and the frenche king standc towards the peax his grace
giveth vnto you harty thanks, and the semblable for your
gifte vnto him of Assher, albeit the same be given wit// nichil
1 c. o. it shalbe mete for his Counsailowrs to be suters to him to prouide vs
a c. o. said determynac/on
MERR1MAN. II H
98 LETTERS OF [153?
agis dolor. For thassurancc wherof his highncs woll shortly
scnde vnto you suche dcde or dcdcs to be signed w/tA yo//r
hawd as by his Icrned Counsail shalbe deuised for that pur-
pose. Neurrtheles my lorde in your letteres touching that
matier of Assher, you doo bothe me and other wrong to be
angry w/t// vs w/t//out cause and bothe to impute Lack
of memory where there was in that thing no suche faulte,
and to thinke that things haue been otherwise setfurthe
towards you thcnne in dede they haue been. I am sory my
lorde to see you soo contencious and to haue soo litle care of
yo//r Freendes. Of what sorte I haue Been towards you,
I do referre myself to the kingts Ma/Vjte and to sundry others
of his counsail that hathe knowen the preceding^ here. And
yet to be plain wit// you, whenne I wrote that the kinges Mai^rte
toke pleasure in your house and wold make a chace aboute
it whiche shuld make it no house for yo//r store me thought
it required at least suche an answer as might have declared
that you had been gladde of it, in whiche cace you should
not haue neded to haue called to remembrance the lesson
of Possidon Nichil Agis dolor. For that hathe place where
there is a grief. As touching the promises you speke of thone
wherof you saye was not absolute Bicause in the same dedes
concurred not wit// the wordes, and thother is not performed
for that your shamefastnes letted you to Aske an horse befor
promised Wherupon you conclude that for an horse or any
thing ellrj Wherin I may doo you pleasure you woll thancke
me for the dede whenne it is doom, and not for the promise
or good wil in the meane, whiche you doo of lightlywood
esteme as you did myn aduise that is soo gently returned
vnto me, to be kept for myn oune store. First I promised
you no more thenne was in me that was all that I could doo
in yowr sute for you wit// a declaration of the hope I had to
haue obteynid, and yet I thinke this alone ought neither
to be soo moche despised that you shuld soo ernestly refuse it
herafter, ne to be wrested to that which is not in me, that
is that I shuld be hable to doo what I wold. Whatsoeuer
yowr opinion be of me I mcrvayl that you knowing the
wisedom of our Maister canne thinke any man hablc to
obteyne things soo at his hande. Seconde touching the
horse if I promised you oonr I gave you oon/, and if I gave
you ooaf as I did according to my promise, I mcrvayl your
good memory woll forget it But to make an ende of this
matier I woll not be soo contencious as to entre any newe
matters wit// you howe soeuer you vse me or repute me.
I shall be sory that you canne make no more of Freendship,
And in all thing?; Doo towards you wit//out rcspecte as
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 99
becometh me to doo towards that prrsonne whom my Maister
putteth in trust As concernyng thabbot of Arbroth, being
his Maister the kinges highnes Nephieu and in leage wiiA
him his grace wold you shuld vse him indifferently like a
Freende as reason requirethe. And asfor the instructions
whiche you desire to haue sent you for answer to be made
to the frenche king The kinges highnes thinketh that tyl
his Ma*>jte may knowe the couvenawtar he cannot growe to
any resolucion touching the same And therfor his pleasure
is that in suche order as your wisedom shall thinke expedient
you shall practise to knowe the certain Articles agreed on
or to be agreed on if there be any suche, And to certifie his
Ma*V.yte of the same, in the meane tyme stycking vppon the
pointe of his promise and bonde to wyne his Ma*>.rte w/tfc
him as a principall contrahent. Finally I shall wzt^ spede
take ordre for money to be delyu^red to your seruaunt Peter
Larke as in my former \ctteres I wrote I wold, and as for the
rest of your sutes the kinges maicste woll make you answer
by his next lettcres
227. CROMWELL TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE COUNCIL
OF THE NORTH.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 1016. Nov. 2, 1537.
Informs them of the King's pleasure concerning certain details of the
administration of the North.
After my Right harty Commendac/ons to your lordshipp
These shalbe taduertys the same that the kinges MaxVjte hav-
ing aswel Receyved your lr/teres of the xvth of the last moneth
addressed from youe and certayn others of his Counsail there
to his hieghnes As seen and perused the letteres which w/'t//
the same your lordshipp sent vnto me, His graces pleaswr ys
that I shuld make suche aunswer vnto your said \etteres as
ensueth.
First his hieghnes taketh your procedingrj for this begyn-
nyng in verey good parte And specyally geveth vnto you his
Right harty thanks for your \etteres written to Sz'r Reynold
Carnabye
Seconde his Maiestie is wel content that youe shal vse the
Signet being in the custody of youe Maister Vuedale the
stampe whereof his grace lyketh veray wel for that it hath
notable difference from all other his grac^j Signetrj and is also
well graven, as it was Judged by the printe which with the
caryage was neurrtheles sumwhat prrssed owte.
H a
100 LETTERS OF [i
Thirde as concernyng the pledges of Tyndall and Ryddes-
dale as his Maieste referreth the bestowing of them to your
wisdomcs, Soo his grace thinketh the matyer thereof of no suche
iwportauncc as shuld require his hieghnes Lr//rres to New-
castel or to any other place or f*rsonne w/t//in the lymytrj of
your Commyssion having his Ma/V^te geven vnto you suche
ample cowmyssyon as he thinketh shall not neadc any supple-
ment onles the matyer were of greater Diffkultic thenne the
keping of those pledges is Whom it is thought youe may
easly kepe in sundry places having order taken for your
alowaunce for their charges without suche feare as shuld
cause youe to putt them to suche straytnes as might be called
an Imprysonment
Fourth the names of Darcy Constable and others shalbe
w*t//drawen owte of all Commyssions Fyft his grace ys
content that Mr. Fairfax shall enioye a place in his Counsail
there wit^ xx li Fee to conv and goo at his libertye for which
purpose yo«r lordshipp shall Receyve a newe Commyssyon
herewith wherein he ys inserted
Sixt youe shall herew/t/* Receyve a Commission for the
Levyeng of men in cace of neade which Cowmissyon his
maiesties pleas//r is shall Remayn w/tA youe my lord of
Duresme onely for a shoute Arcre if that extremyte shuld
chaunce which his grace thinketh cannot happen if youe woll
ernestly punysshe yvel disposed p^-rsonnes in tyme convenient
Seventh as touching the children of Sir Thomas IVrcye
remaynyng in the custodye of s/r Sir l Thomas Tempest if you
thinke not that place sure for them, his Ma/V^tes pleasure is
that you shal bestowe them in suche other place further wit/tin
the harte of those parties as youe shal thinke expedient, the
charges of whose diet shalbe defrayed accordingly
Finally touching the bookes of Decrees you shal receyve it
by the next messanger who shall also bring vnto you the
warranter for yowr diettor and the Fees of the rest of the
counsail wiW the penc/oncrs of the Marches whiche if o//r
hcvy chaunce had not happened shuld haue been dispcchcd
vnto you er this tyme. From Westminster ii"1 Nouewbrtr
A° R. R. H. viii. xxix
T. CRUMWELL.
Endd. Copie of My lordcs letter*, to the prvsidifft and
coK/rscill of the North.
1 sit.
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 101
228. CROMWELL TO (JOHN) BABINGTON.
Belvoir Castle MSS ; Cal. xii. (ii) 1061. Nov. 12 (1537).
Is informed that he has done great harm to the manor of Kingston in
Nottinghamshire, belonging to his brother. Requires him to make
good what damage may be found by four impartial gentlemen.
After my hartie comendations Whereas your brother
Thomas Babyngton sonne and heire of your late father S/>
Anthonye Babyngton Knyght deceased was contented and
agreed vpon an arbitrement taken and made by sir Anthonye
Fitzherbert knyght and others that Dame Katherine your
late mother nowe deseased shuld haue the manour place of
Kynston in the Countie of Nottyngham wtt/t certein landcs
therwith belongyng during her naturall liefe and For oon yere
after her decease wzt/joute payinge any thynge therfor, where
as your said Brother might have had For the same xl li Rent
by the yere and For somoche as I am credably enfowrmid
that you have not onelye pmreaved and takyn the Renter
proufetttt- and Revenues of the said Manowr and landes For
thole yere aftre your said late mothers decease, by reason
that you were here executowr, but also that during the same
tyme of the saied yere you haue in most vngentili and
vnnaturall m&ner comitted and done soe greate spoyle wast
and distruction dyvers and sondrye wayes vpon in and abowte
the saied manour place that the some of a hundred pounds
and more woll not sett all thynges in like state and Condicion
as thei were in at your First entre, beside sondrye other
Iniuries and wronges done vnto hym. These shalbe to
require youe that takyng too honest and indefferent gentil-
men For your parte and your Brother oother tow For his to
see and view the said wast and spoyle you doo procede to
som Frendlie and lovyng communication vpon the premisses
takynge suche ordre in the same as shalbe Consonaunt to
right and Justice soe as your Brother maye have noe Cause
eftsones to Compleyn either vnto me or any other of the
kynges hieghnes most honowrable counsaill For Further
Remydie in that behalff wherevnto I trust you woll shewe
your self confformable For thavoyding of Further suetes
whiche your said Brother might make For Recompense of the
said wast. And also to thentent men shall not thinke or note
in you suche vnnaturall dealing against your Brother, Assur-
yng you that if the said wast and spoyle be soe greate as
apperithe by a boke of the particulers thereof whiche I haue
seen and Redde you haue not vsed your selffe accordyng to
thoffice and duetie of a Brother. And thus not doubtyng
102 LETTERS OF [>
but that you woll stande to suche ordre and detcrmynacion
as shalbe thought mete to be kept and rx-rflbwrmed of yo//r
partie, I bidd you hartelie to Farewell From london the xiitk
of Nouembre.
Yowr lovyng mastrr
THOMAS CRUMWEM .
229. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 219 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 1 143. Nov. 29 and 30 < 1 537).
Assures him that he will be well furnished with money. Instructions for
his dealings with the Emperor, especially in regard to the King's
proffered mediation between Charles and Francis.
Maister Wiat aftre my right harty cowmendac/ons Albeit
I haue at this tyme no matier of importance to be writen
vnto you, yet having thoportunytie of this messangcr being
as I vndrestonde dispeched vnto you for yowr oune priuate
affaires, I thought mete to signifie, that yowr last lr//<-res
conteyning yowr conference wit// thempm>wr and w/t//
Mons;Vwr de Grandevile, were taken and accepted in as
thank-full parte, as I haue lightly seen the \etttres of any the
kingrc Mantes Oratowrs, residyng in outwarde p^rtes. And
wheras in yowr \ftteres wit// the same addressed to me, youe
make instant request and sute for money for your Diettrj,
As vppon tharryval of yowr said lr//<res I toke ordre for the
payment of yowr diettrj for vi monethes beforhande, for the
present payment of all suche money as you had layd out for
postes, and for yowr further dictt for two monethes to be
receyved in the lieu of a prest for the dispcchc of suche postes
as you shuld addresse hither. Soo if yowr Agents here wold
haue called for money befor the cuwmyng of your said
lr//rres or if Rougecroix wold haue taken yowr billes of
Exchaunge \\-itfi him, the same might long befor haue been
dispeched. And oon thing I moche mervayled of that you
wold put the kinges highnes to the charge of your Interests,
the president were to yvel to be admytted. And for yowr
p^rte I wold haue you in no wise to desire any suche matier,
it wold be taken in yvel paric and yet you shall neuer therin
obteyn yowr purpose. Mistrust not but you shall haue
asmoche fauowr as I may extende vnto you, and indede you
had nede of Freendeship, for I haue not seen a wise man
leave his things soo rawlye, as yo//rs be left. Nowe to touchc
summe of the pointes of your lr//rres addressed to the kingr s
highnes. It was founde here mervelous straunge that it shuld
be said there that themprrowrs Agcntrj here resident could
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 103
haue non audience in vi monethes, the truthe is they neuer
desired Audience but they had it, and soo themselfo haue
co«fessed sithens tharryval of the said k7/r res, sythens whiche
tyme there hathe been co;#»/««ication again touching the
mariage, but they be soo precise to haue our doughter whom
I assure you the king^r MazVvrte estemeth as she is worthie,
and to shewe no pointe of Freendeship for it, that I cannot
tel what I shuld saye to their faoon of preceding, if it take
not effecte the fault shall not be in his highnes but on that
side. For we haue desired nothing but that whiche as
tliemptrour may doo, w*t//out breache of his \eages v/it/t
the bisshop of Rome. Soo if he shuld not doo it (in cace)
w/t//out any bonde of treatie only vppon his office being
a good chm/ien prince, he hathe not that synceritie in him
that I iudge to be in his Matcste. But I trust all shal be wel.
Vppon the deceass of the quene whom god pardon tham-
bassadowrs made an Ouerture for the doughter of portingale.
It was thankfully taken and wold haue been moche better
taken if it had com of newe from Thempmwr as it appered
they did it by an old commission, howe soo euer the matier
shuld succede, the ouerture could not be taken but very kindly,
and might worke many good effector in other things. The
kingfj Maieste is moche desirous to here from you touching
the matier of Digneley. And thus Fare you most hartely
well From the Nete the xxixth of Nouemb^r
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Postscripta wheras in your said last \etferes addressed to
the kingcs Ma/cjte, you doo signifie in the repetio'on of your
conference \vitA "Thempcrour that the same shuld saye vnto
you vppon your ouerture for the mediaczon of a peax betwen
him and the Frenche king, I cannot tel howe my Freendes
doo sollicite me alwaye to peax. For diuerse haue medled
in the same, and whenne soeuer my matiers goo any thing
darkely forwarde, I here no worde of mediaabn of peax.
And nowe whenne it semeth my successes com suwme thing
hansomly to passe I am sollicited to the peax bothe by the
king your Maister and by others. The kingtt highnes
pleasure is, that vppon the receipt herof taking yo«r occasion
to entre a newe conference and communication vtttA thcmpcrour
you shal declare vnto him, that for as moche as in your late
discours w/t/* his Ma/V^te, whiche you wrote vnto the kingcs
highnes, It appered by the wordes expressed, that he thought,
he was solicited to the peax whenne his affaires went prosper-
104 LITTERS OF [i
ously fonvarde, and otherwise harde no mention of it. As
the kingfj Ma/r-rtc having no respecte to the state of his
affaires at that motion of it, but to the good of the thing,
vppon the zeale he had to bothe princes, and to the general
quiet and repose of all chrw/iendom, made that ousrture like
a good prince and an assured Freende to themprrowr Soo
being sithens tharrival of your said lr//rres adurrtised of
thabassement of his affaires in Italy, and of the victories
of the frenche king, bothe in the getting of the passage at
Zuse, and in the reenforcing and revitailing of his holdes and
Fortresses in those parties, to declare howe moche his grace
tendred the bmrfite of peax, and howe litle he regarded any
affection or cause that might move him to fauowr either thone
or thother parte more thenne becam a prince indifferent, and
soo indifferent that knowing them both to be princes of
honowr and his Dere Freendes and Allyes, he could haue
been content wit/i his travail charge and greate expenses
to haue been the meane to conveye them to a quiet, wherby
the effusion of chrwtien bloodde shuld haue been cxchucd
Albeit his most noble vertuous and princely overture therin
was not soo lovingly embraced as the dexteritie of the same
required Yet neuertheles to expresse, that the same preceded
vppon the mynde and zeale declared. His Ma/rjte hath
cow/maunded you eftsones to renovel the said Ouerturc of
mediae/on vnto him, and to desire him even nowe thoughe his
things be not so prosperous altogither as they were to
signifie his resoluc/bn vnto you, whither he canne be content
to cowmytt the decision of his matiers to his grace Arbitre,
if the Frenche king woll for his parte condescende to doo the
semblable. And if he woll therunto conforme himself you
may thenne require him for the declarac/on of his titles to
addresse vnto the kingrj highnes suche a parsonage as shal be
liable sufficiently to instructe his Ma/V^te in the same the same l
to bring \\ /t// him suche commission as he may make suche
ouertures for that purpose as may be reasonable, and scmcly
for that prince to grounde himself vppon, whiche indifferently
desirethe an honest ende betwene them. Whcrupon the
frenche king doing the semblable if he woll agre to the like
of this ouerture neither of them shal nedc to doubt, but his
Ma/V^te woll so precede betwene them as neither partie shal
haue cause iustly to be grcved. And w/'t// this maticr you
may also declare vnto him, howe thinformac/on made that his
Orato//rs here could not haue audience in vi monethcs was
vntruly surmytted vnto him, as they haue themselfcr confessed,
whiche I thinke thay haue also signified thither for the
1 tit.
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 105
manifestation of the truth in that behaulf Tempering your
wordes soo as he may take thise adiuvtisemenk\r and overtures
as freendely as they be made vnto him. And yet soo
obsrruyng him, in the vttering of his answers therunto, as
you may sumvhat desciphre the botom of his harte and
affection towards the kingcs Ma/V^te, if by any wisedom it
may be drawen out of the same. And thus Fare you again
most hartely wel From the Nete the last of Nouemb^r
The k'mgcs pleasure is that you shal sende a spedy aunswer
herof, and therw/t/* signifie suche occurrantr^ as haue happened
in those parties sithens the writing of your last k//rres
your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my veray loving Freend sir Thomas Wyat
knight The kingcs majesties ambassador resident wzt/*
Themperour.
Endd. My lord privy sele in December at barsolona by
peter Rede
230. CROMWELL TO JOHN DORAUNT, ESCHEATOR IN
NORTHAMPTON AND RUTLAND.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 1167. Dec. 4, 1537.
Directing John Doraunt to make regular inquiry into the tenements and
hereditaments of Husey, lately attainted of high treason.
After my herty cowmendaabns ye shal receyue herein
enclosed the forme of thoffice of Husey whiche the king^
pleasur is that Immediately vpon the sight herof ye shal
cause to be founde in a due ordre and course of the Lawe
w*t//out alteraaon of any worde in thesame Of all the manoirs
land*\r tcnemctitfs &c. whiche the said Husey lately attayntcd
of highc treason hadd and was scased of in possession or
reversion w/tX/in the 'Lymytes of your office at the tyme of his
attayndow. Not fayling to fynyshe this mater w/t// all
diligence and like circumspection and dexterite As ye tender
his Matties pleasur. Thus Fare ye hertely well From the
Nete this ivth of December the xxixth yerc of his gracrj most
noble Rcgnc
\our louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my loving Freend John doraunt off Ketismer
the kingrj Eschetowr in his gracrj Counties of Norhampton
and Rotlawd
Endd my Lorde pr/vyscale
106 LETTERS OF [1537
231. CROMWELL TO THE BISHOP OF CHESTER.
B. M. Titus B. i, f. 416 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 1173. Dec. 5, 1537.
Requests him to compel a company of gypsies, who having a pardon for
murder linger in the realm and commit felonies, to depart from the
nearest seaport at the first fair wind or if they remain to see them
executed.
After my right hartie cowmendac/ons whereas the Kinges
Maicstie aboutc a twelfmoneth past gave a pardonne to
a company of lewde prrsonnes within this Realme calling
themselves Gipcyans for a most Shamfull and detestable
murder cowmytted amongrj them w/tA a special prouiso
inserted by their owne consents that onles they shuld all
avoyde this his graa\r Realme by a certeyn daye long
sythens expired yt shuld be laufull to all his graces offycers
to hang them in al places of his Realme where they might
be app/rhended w/V/out any further examynacon or tryal
after Forme of the lawe as in their \ettercs patents of the
said pardon is expressed. His grace hering tell that they
doo yet lynger here w*t//in his Realme not avoyding the
same according to his co;«mandement and their owne primes
And that albeit his poorc subiectes be dayly spoyled Robbed
and deceyued by them, yet his highnes officers and Ministres
lytle regarding their dieuties towards his Maiestye do p«vmyt
them to lynger and loyter in all partys and to exercise all
their falshooVj felonyes and treasons vnpuwnished hathe
cowmaundcd me to sygnifyc vnto youe that his most drade
cowmaundement is that ye shall laye diligent espiall thorough
owte all the partfs thereaboutes youc and the Shires next
adioynyng whether any of the sayd prrsonnes calling them-
selfes egipcyans or that hathe heretofore called themselfes
egipcyans shall fortune to enter or travayl in the same, And
in cace youe shalle here or knowe of any suche be they men
or women that ye shall compell them to repair to the next
porte of the See to the place where they shalbc taken and
eyther wythout delaye vppon the first wynde that may
conveye them in to any rxxrte of beyond the Sees to take
shipping and to passe in to outward partycs or if they shall
in any wise breke that cowmaundeme/rt without any tract
to see them executed according to the king« hieghnes sayd
1/7/rres patentrj Remaynyng of Recorde in his Chauncery
which with these shalbc yo«r discharge in that behaulf Not
fayling taccomplishc the tcnowr hereof with all effect and
diligence wit//out sparing vppon any Cowmyssion licence or
placardc that they may shewc or aledge for themselfes to the
contrary as ye tender his graces pleaswr which also ys that
youe shall gyve notyce to all the Justices of peax in that
1537] THOMAS CROMWELL 107
Countye where youe resyde and the Shires adioynant that
they may accomplishe the tenour hereof accordingly Thus
Fare ye hertelywel From the Neate the vth day of December
the xxixth yen: of his Ma/V^ties mostnoble Regne.
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my verve goode Lorde my Lorde of Chestre
president of the counsaile of the Marches of wales
Endd. December v° My lord hys L*7/rre to the consaill
off wallys. 29 H. 8.
232. CROMWELL TO (THE IRISH COMMISSIONERS).
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 1189. Dec. 10, 1537.
Instructions for dealing with the traitor Bryan O'Conor, and with the
claim of James Fitzjohn of Desmond. They are to inform the King
of all matters requiring reform.
After my Right herty commendac/ons ye Shalbe adurrtesed
that I haue Receyued your letters datyd the xvth day of
Novembre last passed the hole Effect & tenor wherof I haue
Fully & entyerly declared vnto the kingly mageste whoze
grace for aunsrr therunto Furst hathe & takyth your godc
diligens & dexterite vsed aswell in the Surveying of his
landes & setting furthe of his graces affayers in the p^rlement
ther as also in other things construing your charge &
Comission veray acceptably & to his greate Contentment
& satisfacc/on of mynde geving vnto you for the same Right
harty & condignc thankrj. And as touching the Rebellious
attemptates of that traytor Bryan Oconor hys mageste moche
mervelyth that he coude \vit/i his deceytflfull Submission &
wyly wordrj so invcgulle & Blynde his graces Deputie & som
other of the counsel ther as to geve any Credanes (to) or
any wise trust Suche a traytowr or beloue that he wold be
true to his maicste that So trayterously vsed hym self oftc
tymes afore agenst his grace Brekyng & violating the Feythc
& truthe of alege^uns he ought to his highncs our Soueraign
& naturall prince. Albeit his grace Doubteth not but for
Suche F0rce & pusans as you wryte his said depute by the
advice of the counsel hathe levyd & Sett Furthe for Repress-
ing & Exiling the said traytor bryan oconor (you) schal
cassely ouercome & ourrthrowall his graces Rebellys & pouer
contrary ther and Redube the attempt of his malyce. Yett
neu<vtheles his magestes pleasur (is) that vising your
tftortcs Ernestly aswell in this as in other pointer of your
charche & comission (you) schalbe playne wii/i the said
108 LETTERS OF [1537
depute & declare vnto hym his inconsiderat & neclegent
oikrsight to Suffer hym self to be thus begyled & traped by
the deceptffull Submiss&w paynted wordrj & promyses of so
arraunt a Rebell as after his person was in place Surely
& Savely to be kept yet to suffer hym to be so orderyd that
he might at his pleasur Evade Stert & stele away to do
suche myschenVj. So that by the meane of yowr gode
monyc/bn & warnyng on his magestes behalf the said depute
& the Rest of his gracrj councell ther may be more circom-
spect & in tymes Coming be better aduised how to deale
& obserue wit// astraihgter order and keping personage of
Suche disposicibn when the case Shall Require. Farther his
gracyous pleasur is that for asmoche as it may be thought
the said Brian Oconor without Som Suport of other that
Encoraged hym wold not haue attempted Suche a trayterous
invasion you Shall enploy your lyke diligens dexteryte &
polecy to try out & enquyre all maner persons that in the
same attemptat had any enteligens or Secret practyse witA
hym or in any wyse gaue vnto hym any Succour help
assistens or comfort or by ther playne & manyfest wynkyng
at his preparac/bns & doings encoraged hym to be the
bolder to take on hym Suche temeryte So that by yowr gode
cncerchement & inquesicibn the truthe may be knoen & the
disposic/ons of mens harto ther disclosed & openyd to
thentent his mageste adurrtesed therof schall so provide for
the same as other shall haue no Suche occasion gevyn nor do
the lyke dyspleasur in tyme comyng.
Consuming Jamys Fitz John clayming hymself Erie of Dcst-
mond whose articles of Submissnw you haue haue ! in a Copye
Sent to me inclosed w/t//in yowr Said lr//rres his highnes
wyllith that (you) shall procede to intreate wit// hym vpon
thoze articles & assay to gett his open assent & true Sub-
mission to that & Suche other as you may chaunce therwit//
to thinke most Expedient & necesery Ewr putting hym in
gode hope of the kingrj benygne Fauor largely to be
Extendyd vpon hym when his magestie schall prrceyue his
gode disposic/on & fcythffull inclynacibn so to haue Submytted
hym. And so procede wit// (him) vnto the very knott of
the hole conclusion wherof in all diligens possible you Shall
incontynently adurrtes his ma;<\rtc by whoze speciall advice
and pleasur to be declared vnto you Acordingly the hole
mater may be knytt vp & concluded as Shall by his highnes
(be) thought most Resonable & convenyent And wher the
said Jamys fitz John Alegyth bothe Bastardy & trayson
agcnst agenst ' Jamys fitz morys the kingrj pleasur is you Shall
xr<r.
THOMAS CROMWELL 109
precysely (declare) thartycles & poynt<\r of the said trayson
& wryte what Evydens he can Geve bothe of the same & of
the bastardy declaryng vnto hym that in (case) he Shall
Frankly Remytt his maters to his graces arbytrement he may
be assured his matcste schall take away no parte of hys Just
Right & title from hym if he Shall Justeffy the same
Anything as aprrteyned but Shall otherwise so order hym
lyke his benigne & most gracious Sourraigne lorde as he
& his posteryte schall haue gode cause to pray for hym
& thinke them selfrj happy of ther Reconcyliac/on to ther
true & bounden obedie//s and Subiecczbn of his mat'csic
Fynally wher(as) you wryte that in your preceding^ you
haue pmreyued diuers things worthy Reformaobn moche
tedious to be wryten his highnes pleasur is that notwith-
standing any prolixitie or tediousnes you shall afor yo//r
comyng wj't// all possible celeryte adurrtes his grace ampley
& largely of the same to thentent that if any Require your
dexterite or the sending of any comissioners thider you may
at your now being ther Reforme it afore your comyng &
Retorne as muche as muche ' as schalbe necesary wherfor Fayle
you not in gude diligens to sende Full adurrtesment therof
in wryting. Praying you to adu^rtes me From tyme to tyme
of allmaner occurrant^j ther & to vse celeryte in Adurrtesing
his ma*V.rte of all the premisses and Fulffylling of the Rest
of your Comission & charge ther & then Shall I gett his
graces leue & pleasur for your Retorne nether accordingly
Thus fare you hartely well from the Kingcs manor of Otlande
this Xth of decembre the xxixth yere of his graces most
prosperous Reigne
Your loving frende
THOMAS CROMWELL
In the margin: Copy
233. CROMWELL TO LORD LEONARD GREY.
R. O. Cal. xii. (ii) 1207. Dec. 13 (1537).
He is to have Brian O'Conor hanged as an example to all traitors.
To the lorde deputye.
After my Right Hertye Cowmendao'ons to your Lordshyp.
where as by this Berer your seruaunt I Receyued certen
Lr//rres from youe the Contents wherof Requyreing none
Aunswer to be at the Leaste spedely dyspaccheyd I wyllyd
him to Remayne heere tyll a Ferther oportunytye of wryteing
thyder occurre. And the same being nowe hapencd by the
1 sic.
110 LETTERS OF
AdiuTtysement of Ochonnowr nowe enterpryscing, yt was
thought nieate that a post shulde be dyspaccheyd w/t/*
dylygence, whiche partc he shulde haue furnysheyd yf it hadde
not byn his Chaunce to haue byn Absent Nowe being desyrous
to Retorne vnto you I thought Convenyent aswell to wryte this
for his Excuse in his long Abode, as to Aduyse you eftsones
to handle that mattier of Ochonnors \v/t// suche a dexteryte as
he may be haungeyd vpon the Terryble examplle of all suche
Traytours. The Expulsyon of hym was taken very well but
the px'rmyssyon of hym to haue suchc a Scope to worke mys-
chyflfo at his pleaswr as no dought he must nedes be Re-
mayneing in dyspayre of Restytuc/bn was neyther wysedom
nor yett goode p/rsydent Redubbe yt my lord in the Just
punyshmr/// of his Traytours Carkas. And Lette his Treason
be A warneing to youe and to all that shalle haue to doo for
the kingrj magestye ther neurr to trust Trayto//r after but to
vse theym wit//oute tracte after theyr demerytes. And this
fare you hartyly well From Otelandtt the xiii daye of Decembre.
Yo;/r lordshyppes assureyd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
234. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 223 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 1264. Dec. 26 (1537).
Urges him to use all his dexterity in treating with the princes. The King
is more willing than ever to become fully reconciled to the Emperor.
Maister Wiat aftrc my right harty co;«mendac/ons By this
berer you shall recey ve the kingfs highnes l<7/!f res witA a cow-
mission whcrby you be auctorised to treate cowmen and
conclude w/t/* those princes for his graces partc, as by the
said li-/ feres is limited. Nowe vse yowr wisedom to set-
furthe the contents of the said \effercs vritA suche a dextcritie
as thcffecte desired may ensue of the same, there was neuer a
better inclynac/on in the kingrj Ma/Vjtc both to forget all
things passed, to entre a prrfite rcconsiliac/on, and to doo in
all thingrj that may turne to Thempmwrs honowr or com-
moditic, asmoche as canne be reasonably desired of him,
thennc there is at this present, if Thcmprrowr woll nowe shcwe
himself to esteme his highnes as he p/rtcndcth, and specially
in folowing of his graces aduise in the maticr of the counsail
all things I doubt not shall soo succede betwene them, as shal
be to godckr glory, to both their honours and to the greate
good and quiet of Christendom we shal desire moche to here
from you, and therfor whenne you shalbe hable to write any
ccrtaintie, either vppon Thempmw/rs assured promise or vppon
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 111
any certain conclusion, scnde wit// diligence. And thus Fare
you moost hartely wel From London the xxvi111 of December
"Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To myn Assured loving Freende Sir Thomas Wiat
knight the kingrj Ambassador with Themperour.
Endd. My lord pr/vi sele in January by mr. mason at
barsolona.
235. CROMWELL TO JOHN VACHELL AND SERGEANT
CIIALCOTT l.
B. M. Titus B. i, f. 183 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 7. Dec. 29 (1537).
Informs them that the King's pleasure is that Thomas Hind, Boxworth,
and other originators of certain false rumours be punished.
This ys the Copy of the kyngcs pleasure declared by my
lord p/-/uy scales letter to yowe & me delyverd at grene-
wyche, w/t// the preamble left on wrytton
Hie incipit And for aunswer his maiestie hath Com-
maunded me to signefie vnto yowe that his pleasure is, yowe
shall accordyng to the purporte & tenowr of his seyd letters
dyrected vnto yowe touchyng that matter, cause suche other
of the pryncipall Inventors and bruters of the same to be
dulye ponnysshed, And specially Thomas Hynd, And Box-
worthe the Almesse man of Donyngton And Further that
yowe shall contynewe yowr vigylancie to Harken whether
any moo of that sorte wyll spryng in those parties, and in
Case any suche chaunce to insurge, to endevowr your selfes
tapprehende them, And to see the same condignely ponnysshed
after the same sorte that in this affeyre is prescribed vnto
yowe, yo//r paynes wherin double yowe not, shalbe con-
sjderyd Accordynglye, wrytton the xxix of december.
236. CROMWELL TO (THE BISHOP OF >.
B. M. Cleop. E. iv, f. 7, and Cleop. E. v, f. 302 ; Cal. x. 46, and Ca!. xiii.
(1)40. Jan. 7 <I538> «.
Exhorts him on the King's behalf to take care that the people be taught
the truth by the preachers, and that novelties and contradictions be
avoided.
After my rieght hartey commendations to your lordshipp,
ye shall herwit// receive the kingrj hieghnes k/fcres addressed
1 Quoted in a letter from Va- * This document is a circular
chell to Chalcott of Jan. I, 1538. letter, of which two copies exist,
112 LETTERS OF [1538
vnto you to put you in remembraunce of his hicghnes
travaellrj and yo//r dieuty tochinge ordre to be taken for
preachinge, to thintente the people maie be taught the truthe,
and yet not charged at the begynnynge wit// ouer manney
Nouelties, the publication wherof onles the same be tempered
and quallified w/t/i moche wisdome doo rather brede con-
tention Deuision and contrarietey in opinion in the vnlerncd
multitude, then either edifie, or remove from them and outc
of their hartes suche abuses as by the corrupte and vnsauery
teaching of the bishoppe of Rome, and his disciples haue
crept in the same, theffecte of whiche IrM-res, albeit I double
not but as well for the honestie of the matter as for yo//r
oune discharge ye will so considre ande put in execution, as
shalbe to his graceis satisfactione in that behaulf, yet Foras-
moche as it hathe pleased his maiestie tappointe and constitute
me in the Rome and place of his supreme and principal!
mynistre in all matiers that maie toche aney thinge his
clergie, or their doings, I thought it allso my parte for the
exoneracion of my dieutey towards his hieghnes and the
rather to aunswer to his graces expectac/on opinion and
truste conceived in me, and in that amonges other committed
to my fidellitie, to desire and praie you in suche substaunciall
sorte and manner to travell in thexecution of the contentes of
his graces saicd W/rres, nameli for advoidinge of contrarietic
in preachinge of the pronunciation of Novellties withoute
wise and discrite qualification, and the repression of the
temeritey of those that eyther prively or apertly dyrectly or
indirectli wold advaunce the pretendyd aucthoritie of the
bishop of Rome. As I be nott for my discharge bothe en-
forced to complaine further, and to declare what I haue now
written vnto you for that purpose and soo to charge you w/'t//
your oune faulte and to deuise suche remedy for the same
as shall app^rteigne, desiringe yo//r Lordship taccepte my
meanynge herin tcndingc onli to an honest frecndli and
chr/j//en reformation for advoidi'/ge of further inconvenience,
and to thinke non vnkindnes thoughe in this matier wherin it
is all mooste moorc then tyme to speake, I write frankli com-
pelled and enforced therunto bothe in respecte of my private
dieutie, and otherwise for my discharge forasmuche as it
pleasithe his maiestie to vse me in the lieu of A counsellor.
Whose office is as an eye to the prince to forsee and in tymc
to prouyde remedy for suche abuses enormyties and incon-
venience as myeght elks wythe A litle sufferaunce cngcndrc
and which is calendared twice (in bable that it belongs to the year
vo!s. x and xiii). It seems pro- 1538 rather than to 1536.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 113
moore yvell in his publique weale, then could be after re-
doubbcd vfit/i moche labor study diligence and travaill And
thus most hartely fare youe well. From the Roulles the
viith of January.
Your lordshippis Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
237. (CROMWELL) TO .
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 105. Jan. 19 (1538).
Desires the recipient to obtain for John Point the mastership of the free
school of Week St. Mary in Cornwall.
Right welbelouyd I recommende me vnto you and whereas
I am Inform yd that ye ar assigned patron and pryncypall
ruler of the fre schole of saynct marye wyke In the edge of
Cornewall by the foundres thereof my Ladye p^rcyvall
deceasyd, I shall desyer you to vse your good mynde and
will to the prefermewt of on Jhon poynt a graduat of the
vnyversyte Lawfull as I am credebylly Informyd and
sutfycyent for the rome also accustomyd to bryng up yowthe,
that at the next vacatyon after Mr. Roo now there beyng,
he may be put therein scholemaster at thys my request And
at the sight of these my Letters so to vse hym herein that he
may report to me agayne of your Jentyllnes towards hym
In thys behalfe. Thys Jesus preserue you wrytten at the
Rowles the 19 day of Januarye
238. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, ff. 167 and 159; Cal. xiii. (i) 355. Feb. II (1538).
The King is so desirous to show himself friendly to the Emperor, that he
is willing to marry his three children in Spain and Portugal, and to
aid Charles against the Turk.
Master Wyat This shall be tad[u]ertyse yow that the kyng
having sene and perused your Wteres of the eighteneth of
th[e] last monethe addressed to me, dothe thankfully accept
thempmwrs gratuyte, in the same declared . towa[rds] hym,
and conseideryng how the matier of peax betwene themprf-
[our] and the frenche kyng is not concluded for a declaration
bothe of his zeale to the quiete in Christendom, and of
a Juste Correspondence] of kyndness ageyne towards
thempero//r if the same1 cowlde be content to cowmitt the
manying of the peace to his mageatye(s) wise and resonable
ordre for the duchie of Mil Ian refusing the bishopp of romes
1 f. o. amycall
MERRIMAN. It
114 LETTERS OF [1538
meane therein who can be no meate arbiter for that purpos
aswell for that he pretcndith for interest in parte of Millan
as in parme and placcnce, as for that there is great lykelyod
that in the doing of itt he will follow the steppis of his
predecessor who in suche caces hath ever vsid to worcke
theyre owne benefyte and establisshement whatsoever shuld
succede of the rest, the kingfj Ma[ieste] wold I doubt not
but go through out of hande w*t/x the mariage of my lady
Marys grace and coople his only sonnc the prin[cc] w*t>i
themrwro//rs doughter born or to be born of yeres mete for
hi[m] -with bonde that he shall at the yeres of consent take
her to mariage, and further allso ioyne our other doughter, the
lady Elizabeth in mariage -with oon of kyng ferdinandos sons
limitting such dotes as shuld be mete for his graces doughtcrs
and over and above this I am assured that the kingr s Ma[ieste]
woll gyve suche Ayde to thempmv/r in any expedicion to be
made agaynst the greate turke as shal be greatly to his
advantage so he will open his purpos therin, and reasonably
demaunde towardes the same, this I thought convenient to
write vntoyou thai you may of yourself declare to themprrowr
what lykelyode ye haue from me and other your frendry here
that there shall ensue a most firme knot betwene the king^r
Ma[ieste] and him and advertise agayne how ye shall finde
him disposed in that behaulf. Mr. Wiat I prrceyve yowr
credence there is good kepe it, well, it may turne to yowr
cowmoditie Thus Fare you hartely well From the Courte
being at Westminster the xith of February l
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To myn Assured loving Frecnde sir Thomas Wiat
knight the binges highnes Ambassadowr w/'t/* Themprrowr
Endd. My lord privi sele of the xi of february received by
franscisco the xxiiij of the same in barsolona
239. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. HarL MSS. 282, f. 163; Cal. xiil (i) 256. Feb. n 0538).
Informs him that his doings are all approved of at Court
Maistcr Wiat aftre my right harty cowmcndac/ons thise
shalbc tadurrtise you that having thoportunytie of this
Currowr Albeit I haue no matiers of importance to signifie
1 Except for the signature, ad- tence, this letter is written in
dress, endorsement, and last sen- cipher.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 115
vnto you more thenne touching yourself be conteyned in
a scedule herin enclosed conteyning certain things to be dis-
creately wayed for your oune fo-n^fete yet among^j those
your oune matiers I thought convenient to intymate that Al
your doings be taken in good parte and that the king«-
Maieste is soo good and gracious lorde vnto you, as I trust
you shall by some effector shortly perceyve good arguments
of the same. Thus fare you hartely well From Westminster
the xi* of February
Your louyng freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To myn Assured loving freende Sir Thomas Wiat
Knight the kingcs Ambassador with Themprro«r
240. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 286; Cal. xiii. (i) 280. Feb. 15, 1538.
Assures him of the King's goodwill. The bearer is to go on to Wyatt,
and will see Gardiner on his return.
After my right hartye cowmendaczbns to your lordshipp
Forasmoche as I knowe right well that ye wyll ernestly em-
ploye your good dexteryte to set furthe the contents of the
kinges hieghnes Le/fcres which ye shall Receyve at this tyme
as yn the lyke ye haue ever accustumed, I haue thought by
these presentcs onely to aduertys youe that Albeyt his hieghnes
maketh in the same a Longer Rehersall and discourse of his
matyers thenne pmrace (you) shall thinke to haue been
necessary and rather wrytteth to note and ympute vnto youe
some obliuion or forgetfulnes then for anny greate conse-
quence that may folowe of the same, yet neuertheles ye may
be assuered that his Maiestye berethe no suche displeaswr^
vnto youe nor entendeth to impute vnto you thereby suche
slaknes as the discourse seanrethe to emplye knowing and
waying your truthe, fydelyte and effectuell good wyll and
deuoc/on to his Maiestye and his affaires, But rather his
hieghnes thinkethe ye shall thereby vnderstande that he
kepethe in memorye and Rememberaunce an accompte of his
afifayres and the hole trayne thereof, by reason of the which
his grace signifieth vnto youe that ye shal doo the lyke to
thentcnt ye may be alwayes the more redy and the better
prepared to make suche aunswere to every poynt thereof as
may be to the Furtheraunce of his matyers of Importaunce
Whenne the cace shall soo Require. Therefore I Pray you to
take his grac^j meanyng non otherwyse thenne soo Nothing
I 2
116 LETTERS OF [1538
doubting of the contynuauncc of his favour towardes you,
no lesse Respect and consyderatyon to be had thereof to your
comfort and consolac/on yn tyme cuwmyng thenne your good
merytes doo des/rue This berer ys payed for his post bothe
going and cuwmyng and ys directed thorough to Mr. Wyat
and soo to Return by youe at his cummyng home, yf the
Ifttftcs lately sent to Mr. Wyat by Barnaby shall not be
gonne before his arryvall youe may dispeche them also by
hym w/tAout Further chardge, And thus Fare ye hertely wel
From Saynt James bcsydes Westm/'/w/rr the XVth day of
February
Your lordshippis assurydlye
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Maister Parys at his cuwmyng to your lordship shall bring
him yo;/r horses a«d also yowr sf mantes who be staye(d)
by expresse cowa«dew^«t for the more hasty spede to be
made whiche the currowr canne bettre endure thenne any of
that sorte
Add. To my veray good Lord my Lorde of Winchestre
the king« Ambassador/r Resident in Fraunce
Eiidd. Lorde Pr/vaye Seal From Saint James 15 Feb. 29°.
241. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 173 ; CaL xiii. (i) 330. Feb. 22 (1538).
The King's letters will answer his and inform him of the news here.
Begs him to continue diligent and watchful. Promises to attend to
his allowance.
After my right hartye cowmendac/ons Forasmoche as by
the l*7/rres which the kinges Maiestie sendeth vnto you at
this tyme ye shall bothe pmreyve the Receipt of suche your
\etteres as be hetherto arryved here and his graces answere
thereto, wyth the hole discourse of the newes and affaires here,
Albeit I doubt not but ye woll vse suche good diligence in
fulfylling his highnes pleasure in the same as ye haue accus-
tumed yet I haue thought to desier and pray you at this tyme
no lesse dylygently to employe your ernest dexteryte but
rather asmoche as in you shall lye to sett furthe and so
conduce thaffayres as thereby may folowe his MauMties good
purpos Merking and noting in suche wise the dyscourses
procedinges and coww//«icatyons to be had there their coif-
tynuaunce fasshyon and vehemence wi'tA the very woord^r
and aunswers as by the same the certaintie of thinges to ensue
may be conicctcd and knowen And as ye haue right well doon
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 117
heretofore moche to his grac^r contentme«t and satisfacczbn
Soo ye shall according to his good Expectaczbn by your
Ictteres wttA all possible celerytie aduertys his hieghnes entierly
of your hoole preceding^ and conferences there and of the
circumstaunces thereof togeder vrttA all occurrence Assuring
youe that his Maieste taketh your good s^ruice in soo thank-
full p#rte as I trust his grace woll shortely declare his thankfull
acceptaczbn and p^rfyt Rememberaunce thereof to your no
litle comfort And as concernyng thadvauncement of your
dietter I shall travail for the newe Signature of your warraunt
for the same as sone as any oportunyte shall occurre for the
same. This berer ys payed bothe for his Jorneye hether and
for his Returne agayn which I trust shal be wz't^ diligence
And thus Fare ye hertelywell From St. James besydes
Westmi«j/^r the xxij day of February.
Your assured Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
I praye yow trewlye to answer my last \etteres
Add. To myn assuered Loving frende S/> Thomas
Wiat knight the kinges Ambassador resydent in the
Emprrours cowrte
Endd. My lord przvi sele the xxii of february re[ceived]
by rede the iiid of Marche in barsolona.
242. CROMWELL TO PETER MEWTAS.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 203. (February, 1538.)
Instructs him to visit Madame de Longueville, to discover if she is willing
to become the wife of the King, and if so to obtain her portrait.
Instructions given to peter M. oon^ of the gent etc.
First the said peter tak/«g with him this Instruction shall
with all convenient diligence addresse himself in to fraunce
and soo to the place where it shal chaunce Madame de1 L. to
Lye at And at his Arryval there he shall make vnto the same
most harty a«d effectuel comwendaobns from me the lord
privy scale -wi\h semblable thanks that it pleased her p^rtely
at my contemplac/bn to entretayn the said peter at his Late
being there in soo honorable a sorte as she did. And thenne
he shal declare vnto her that he is nowe sent vnto her
expressely from me the said lord privy scale to intymate a«d
signifie, that Albeit at his said Late being witA her it appered
1 c. o. Long.
118 LETTERS OF [1538
vnto him by her wordrj and coww//«ication that she was Free
a«d at libertic from all contracte or consent of manage, whiche
at his cumwyng home he declared as nighe as he could w/'tA
the same wordrj she spake vnto him, Wherupon I the said lord
privy seale vppon the good affection whiche I here towards
her for her vertues wisedome and noblesse purposed to haue
setfurthc some ourrture of manage for her to the king«
Majrrte my maister a«d most drad Soturaign lorde, yet
forasmoche as it is nowe signified to his highnes that the king
of Scottrj hathe sithens that tyme of the said peters being
w/'tA her folowed his purpose a«d desire therin very crnestly
in somoche as her oune father shuld be com^ downe ' for the
driving of a conclusion in the same, And further that the said
king of Scotter8 is determyned very shortly in secret maner to
repair thither for the p^rfite finishing solemnizaobn and co»-
sim/mation of it ; being perplexed vppon thise newes what it
shuld be best for me to doo, whither to desist from myn entent
ajid pwrpose ; Or to kepe the same in a suspence tyl I might
knowe in dede whither they be true, Or setfurth by some man
that p^rcace having some ynkeling of it wold by some practise
interupt the same awd w/tA a brute cause me to staye myn
entrepr[yse] For the certain knowleage of the truth I desired
the said M eftsones to make his repaire vnto her, and not only
to declare the cause in forme expressed and howe I am ther-
upon perplexed howe I might precede or staye wt t//out offence
to the \ninges Maj«te or to her ; to his grace if I shuld breake
of that thing that were befor passed wherin I might be noted
of suwme lightnes, to her if I shuld either not move that thing
whiche it might wel appere by the said peter I entended to
advaunce asmochc as I could, the cace soo standing that
I might doo it wzt/iout any masrnes Iniurye, Or if I shuld vppon
her general wordss spoken to the said M. move that matier
that being irremediable could turne her to non honour nor
cowmoditic But also to desire her most hartely that it may
please her in cace any suche thinges haue been entreated
sithens the said M. departed from her as be befor specefied,
to declare the same vnto him \v/t// her state condition and
determynac/bn vppon the same, And the said peter shal saye
that the certain reaporter whiche haue been made of her
vertues noblesse a//d wisedom aswel by the same peter as by
sundry others of good creditie iudgement and cstimac/on haue
fully persuaded vnto me, that howesoeuer the matier doth
stande she woll not be greved w/tA this my sute vnto her con-
sidering it procedcthe of a faithful desire to thadvauncement
1 c, o. in ptrsonne only ' c. o. well
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 119
of her honour, and of the hono//r of her hole house and
famylie. And if he shall pmreyve By her answer that the
said reaportes made to the contrary notwithstanding she is
Free and at libertie from al consent or pwrpose to any
manage, shewing therw/t// any good inclynaabn hitherward^ ;
As in that cace the said peter may assure her that in this
matier and all others that may sounde to her furtherance and
adva#//cemr«t I wolbe her ernest Ministre, Soo he shall saye
that in cace it might like her father or any of her Frend^j to
setfurth any indifferent ou^rture to the k'mges MazVjte wherby
his grace might prrceyve their good \vi\\es and inclynac/ons
towardrj him It wold moche conferre and give vnto me
a sufficient grounde soo to worke as I trust shuld be in thende
to her honour and comfort. And in cace it shal fortune
Monsr de Guise her father to be there or nere hande in cace
she shall aduise the said peter though it be but in general
wordrj to move him therin, the said peter taking some good
occasion therunto shall of himself a«d for the declaration of
his oune affection towards his house and famylie move him
therein accordingly vsing wz't// the said Monsr de Guise suche
an attemperance as he seme not to seke moche more thenne
himself woll seme to offer or easely agre vnto in that Behaulf.
And wzt// suche answer as he shal receyve he shal retourne
w/t// diligence. Finally if the said peter Meautys shall
p^rceyve any good towardnes and inclynaczbn in the said
M. de L. he shall if it be possible for him by any meanes to
cow/passe it get her picture truly made, a;/d like vnto her Awd
bn'wg the same hither with him
Endd. 1538 Mr. Mewter Instrucabns.
Endd. touching the k[in]g£r maryage with the duke of
Guyses1 daughter
243. CROMWELL'S INSTRUCTIONS TO PHILIP HOBY.
B. M. Add. MSS. 5,498, ff. 1-2 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 380. (Feb. 1538.)
Directs him to visit the Court of the young Duke of Longueville, and to
take the portraits of the two daughters of the Duke of Guise in one
picture ; also to visit the Duke of Lorraine and deliver a letter to him
from Cromwell, and if possible to obtain a portrait of his daughter.
I.
A memoriall to my freend Philip Hoby touching such
matters as he hath now committed to his Charge.
First the same laboring to gete knowleage where the yong
duke of Longouille lieth shall w*t// diligence by poste repaire
1 c. o. Vendome
120 LETTERS OF [1538
thither where he shall finde, as it is said, the two daughters
of monsi/wr de Guyse, whom at his comming he shall salute
and so declare vnto them that hauinge certain buisenes in
those parties he coulde not pretermit to visitc the one of
them, of whom he hath by his late being there sowme
acqueintance. And therwrt// he shall diligentlie view and
consider well the yonger sister. And he shall require the
Dutchesse her moother or such other as shall haue the
goucrnment of them that he may also take the Phisionomie
of her that he may ioine her sister and her in a fairc table.
Which obteined, he shall addrcsse him self to the house and
duelling place of the Duke of Loraigne. To whom at his
accesse vnto him he shall deliuer my letter of Credence, and
to the same saye, that I doubt not but he hath heard witA
how and propence a good will I haue trauailed to auaunce
sowme personage of his house and familie to the mariage
of the kingrj maw-rtie my master. And albeit that the same
my pourpose hath not taken that effect that I desired, Yet
doth the same affection remaine still in me, which I wolde
be glad to employe according to my commencement, if I mai
gete therunto occasion. And forasmuch as latlie it was
declared vnto me that his grace hath a daughter of Excellent
qualitie, hauing the same Philip sowme other affaires in those
parties, I haue thought meete to desire him to diuert to the
said duke \\i\Ji my said letters to thentent he might at his
pleasowr visite and see his daughter and also take her picture
to be presented for her aduauncement as the time mai serue.
Requiring him further that it may please him to open sow/me
parte of his minde and inclination touching this matter. And
to deuise that sowme such ouerture might be made on his
behalf to the kingu Ma/otic as I may therupon haue sowme
foundacion wherupon to setfoorth this thing, which should be
so muche to his honor. In which case the said Philip mai
assure him that I shall not faile to do that office that shall
bccowme an honest freende and one that spvrially fauorcth
that house and familie. And the said Philip shall also enter
co;;/municac/on \\i\Jt the yong Ladie after the same foorme
and maner as his Instruction runnethe to the person of her
father. And assone as he shall haue gotten her Phisionomie
and knowen the Duk/\r pleaser, he shall take his leaue and
retourn w/'t// all possible diligence
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 121
II.
Hoby is to visit the Duchess of Milan, and request her to permit the King's
servant Holbein to take her portrait. Hoby is to try to discover if
she has any inclination to marry the King.
Instructions giuen by the Lord Cromwell to Philip Hoby
sent ouer by him to the dutchesse of Loreigne, then (to the)
dutchesse of Millane.
First to repaire to Mr. Hutton and to tarie at his lodging
or where he shall think most meete for the more secrecie of
the matter till he shall haue bine v/tt/t the Regent.
Then vpon his aduertisement Mr. Philip shall make his
accesse to the Dutchesse, and after my Lordes humble
cowmendaczons made vnto her grace, he shall say that he
doubteth not but both by the mouthe of the Ladie Regent
and by the relac/on of the kingcs Maicstes Ambassado/^r there
resident she knoweth the cause of his cow/minge and the
ground wherupon it proceadeth with my L,ordes inclinaabn to
thaduauncement of the same vpon the constant fame which
he hath heard of her vertue, wisdome and most laudable
qualities which he shall expresse vnto her as the same is
conteined in the letter. And that he is therupon addressed
to visite and salute her on my Lord^j behalf and to require
her that for the ministring to my Lorde of a further occasion
to satisfie Thambassadors, It may please her grace to take
so much peine at his poore desire to sit so longe at some
such time as her self shall appoint as a seruaunt of the k'mges
highnes being come thither for that pourpose may take her
Phisionomie.
Then shall he desire to know her pleaser when Mr. Hanns
shall co;»me to her for the doing of his feat in the taking of
his picture. And so hauinge the time appointed he shall go
w/t// him or tarie behind as she shall appointe. And cmongst
other co;/*municaabn the said Philip shall of him self wishe
as it were vpon an affection entred into his oune breast, both
vpon my Lordrj reaportrj of her vertues and good qualities
noted to be in her and by his oune view and experience of
the same, that it might please the king^j Ma*>.rtie being now
w/t//out a wief taduaunce her to the honor of a Queene of Eng-
land. And he shall well note her Aunsweres, her gesture and
couwtenanc(e) w/'t/* her inclinaczon, that he may at his re-
tourne declare the same to the k'mges Ma*>jtie. And beinge her
picture once taken, he shall take his leaue of the said Dutchesse
and retourn with Hanns in his co/wpanie accordingly.
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
122 LETTERS OF [1538
III.
A speech written for Hoby to make to the Duchess on his arrival.
The woordrj of the said Philip Hoby to the Dutchcsse.
I doubt not but both by the mouth of the Ladic Regent and
by the Relac/on of the kingfs Maitstfs Ambassadowr here
resident, you know the cause of my cowminge and the grounde
wherupon it proceadeth, with my "Lordes inclinac/on to the
aduauncement of the same, vpon the constant fame which he
hath heard of yowr graces vertue, wisdome and most laudable
qualities. And with this good inclinac/on of the Lord my
master, his pleaser is to addresse me hither to visite and to
salute yowr grace in his behalf and to require of yowr grace
that for the ministring to my Lorde of a further occasion and
to satisfie Thambassadors, It may please you at my Lordu
poore desire to sit so longe at sowme such time as shall please
you to appoint, that a seruaunt of the king« highnes being
come hither for that pourpose may take yowr phisionomie.
This is my Lord^r entent for aduancement of yowr noble
honor.
For the great good reaport/j of my Lord of yowr vertues
and goodly qualities and by mine oune view and experience
of the same, considering the kingtt Ma/Vrtic is widowar and
w/'t//out a wief, wold to god it wolde please his ma/Vrtie to
aduaunce yowr grace to the honowr of Queene of England,
considering yowr vertuous qualities are a great dcale more
in dccde then cucr was notified and for a great confirmac/on
of amitie and loue to continew betwcne Themperors Ma/Vjtie
and the kingrj highnes.
244. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. HarL MSS. 282, f. I781; Cal. xiii. (i) 387. March I (1538).
Informs him that the French have signified their willingness to submit
to Henry's arbitration, in their dispute with the Emperor. Wyatt is
to urge Charles, in every possible way, to do the same.
Mr. Wiat after my hartie commendations this shalbe
tadvertise you that this prcstnt day being the last of February
1 ThisletterfB. M. HarLMSS.aSa, Thus Farfe] ye hartely wel From
ff. 1 78-8 1) is the contemporary deci- Hamptoncowte the First day of
pher of the cipher letter (B. M. Marc he
Harl. MSS. ff. 175-7 and 182). At YoJ,r j Frecnd
the bottom of the cipher letter, on
folio 182, the following sentences THOMAS CRUMWELL
are written : — Add. To myn Assurid Loving
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 123
arrived here at the court the bisshop of tarbez being addressed
to the king« Maiestie from the Frenche King who bringing
wit/t him a cow/mission to entreate and conclude vppon a cow-
firmaobn of al Amities betwene the;;/ wzt// an addic/on of all
suche things as on eyther parte might be divised further
to or eyther of their commodities made playne and
certeyn overture that whither the k'mgcs Majesty wold enter
any suche capitulaobn or no in cace it shuld be his pleaswr^
to take it vpon him he shuld for the French kingrj parte
haue the hole and entier manyeng of the Peax betwen him
and Themper0r and further he offerd on the French king^j
behaulf that he shuld never take peax -with themp^-rowr
but the king^j Majesty shuld therin be a principall contra-
hent and also in the matier of counseil and a[ll] other
things that, the king shuld finde the french king so assured
and confowrmable towards him as he shuldhaue cause to
accept him for his good brother and most entier frende, to
this the king answer(ed) that there word^j were many tymes
so qualified that it appered hard to him to give any grete
credite w/t//out further prouf vnto them nevertheles for that
that1 p<zrte whiche shewed an effecc/on in the said french
king the king gave vnto him his condigne thanks declaring
how muche his hieghnes desired the succeding of suche
vniversel peax as might redound to the quiet of all z christen-
dome and how ernestly his grace hath travailed vpon that
zele only to obteyne the mediaabn of it not doughting but in
cace he wold stijce to that overture his good brother them-
perour who hath shewed therin alredy good inclinaa'on wold
right gladly do the semblable and as touching the ioyning of
his grace as a principal contrahent to his Majesty told him
that he was assured so to be by the saide Empmw/rs meanes
though the french king wold say nay vnto it, albeit his over-
ture therin and in the rest carieng \\ith it a frendly visage
was suche as he wold not but take in good parte and give
vnto him thankes also for it, as thanks be given for frendly
v/ordes which kepe their place as Jong as they shalbe not
denied by contrary effects. To this they replied that for the
french kinges part they could affirme that as his overtures
preceded from a most frendly harte so his dedes shuld 3
moost certenly approve and confirme the same, but as for
Themperour they sayde they could affirme also vpon their
Freende Sir Thomas Wiat Knight the same by my lord off Winches-
the King« Ambassadoi/r in Spayn ters servant in barsolona
Endd, My lord prr'vi sele of the * sic. * c. 0. the
first off Marche rec[eived] the xi of ' c. 0. make
124 LETTERS OF [1538
certeyn knowlcage that what wordfs soever he had vttcrd or
cny for him he never minded to ioyne the king as a primier
contrahent ne wold in any wise agre that the king shuld haue
in his hand the mainiengof the peax bctwcne them whcrunto
I l assure you the king made frendly answer for thcmprrowrs
honowr trouth and assurednes to the obsiruac/bn of his worde
and in the debating of his most hartic love towards them-
pfrour, so that our Ambassadours from the frenche king be
retired to London w*t//out doing of any thing or thcr reccyving
of any other answer, and forasmuch as I do pmreyve tJtat
they woll offer wonders to stey the king from themp^rowr
albeit I am in most assured hope that they shall therin faile
in their purpos notwithstanding his grace wold I thinke labor
to make some good ende betwen them and therfor the good
of chrw/endom and the better chastesing of the cowmon
enemye of the same, yet I thought good to advertise you
therin thai you may at your oportunitie declare the same to
themp[eror] and to his counseil for the good acceleraabn of his
determinate answers to the thingrj put in overture betwen
them and specially you must travail that seing the frenche
king hath ofierde this mediae/on of peax to the king Them-
prrowr semyng to haue lesse confidence in his grace thenne
they show themselfor to have and likewise it shalbe wel done
that you shal most ernestly induce thempm)//r to the writing
of the \tfttres wherin he shal affirme his pranesses both
touching the ioyning of the king as a primier contrahent and
touching the consenting to nothing in the counsel though it
shuld take effecte that to the 2 his grace or to his realme may
be in any wise prejudicial trusting also that for the. steye of
his consent to the place wherunto the saide counsel is indicted
and concerning all the rest of the things whereof mencion is
made in the \ftttres sent vnto you by Reede his majesty
woll vse that loving conformitie that may bring al maticrs
now well entred into a iust perfection if any lacke shuld be
must1 spring on that p^rte which I being a poore minister to
my Master and bering an honest herte towards the coniouncion
of him and themprrowr togeder wold be loth and sory to se
it, and therfor Mr. Wiat now is the tyme for him to take
his tyme and for you to play your partc of a good serurtwnt
I mistruste ncythcr the loving mind and wisdome of thonc ne
the honest zcle and desire of thother that all things may
frame to the honowr of both prince and consequently to
the benefitt of all christcndomc, hartely desiring you to
vse your dexteritie and to accelerate suche certeyne and
1 e. o. asked him * j&.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 125
resolute answer in all things as may be to the
satisfacc/on.
Mr. Wiat now handle this matier in suche ernest sorte \vttft
themp^rowr as the king who by your faire wordes hath con-
ceyved a certen to finde1 assured frendeship ther be not
deceyved the frenchemen affirme so, constantly and boldly
that none thing spoken by themperour eyther touching the
principall contrahent the counsel or further alliaunce hath in
the same any maner of good faith but suche fraude and deceyte
that the king had gathered a certayn confidence in them-
perours hono//r and trust he1 vpon your \etteres and the relac/bn
of Mr. dudley I assure you on my faith it wold make any
man to suspect his preceding they say and depcly swere that
the peax resteth in their hand and arbitre and therfor If
thempmDwr shuld in any wise conclude w*1A them before he
shuld go through wtt/t his matters here ye though might haue l
them to take peace -with suche condicions as he himself wold
appoint vnto after he wold offer as moche or more to the
king thenne he hath don or is now desired of him, I thinke
certaynly it could not he : wz't// all that which wold now be en-
gendred by suche agrement but I neyther feere his honowr in
his promes ne his wisdom for his bargayne that may now be
made if he woll now folow it and firmely ioyne himself wtt/t
this manage partie, and if there shuld be any difficultie vpon
the point of the mediac/on by reason of the shortnes of the
tyme of the treux . you may declare how the frenche men
show themselfc? so ernest to put al in the king^r hand that
they offer vpon any significaobn that themp^rowr woll make
thoughe it were but to his Ambassadowr there to condescende
to the same, they woll straict resolue and agre vpon the pro-
traction of the treux for so long a tyme as the king shall
thinke mete and wol determyn. Wherfor if that point be
desired vpon advertisement of themp^rowrs mynde therin
eyther it shal be obteyned or e\\es the frenchemen shal starte
from that whiche so absolutely they haue offered evin to the
kinges owne prrsonne.
Labo//r now Mr. Wiat to cause them pcrour if it be possible
to write it the Frenche king that he is content to cowmitt
this mediaoon to the king*-.? hande to offer therfor a longer
treux for the frenchmen say they will make the king se them-
perours craftie dealing and discifre him and by this meane
their owne craft if it be falls that t/tei say as I thinke surely
it is shalbe torned into their owne neck^j Thus fare ye hertely
well At hamptoncourt the first of Marche
1 sic.
126 LETTERS OF [1538
245. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Lisle Papers, ii. 127 ; not in Cal. Mar. 20 (1538).
Requests him to let the bearer, George Rous, pass out of the realm,
with one servant, two horses, and 420 in money.
After my right harty commendation vnto your good lord-
ship thiese be to adurrtise you that the kingrj pleasure ys
that my s^rumint George Rows berer herof shall passe out
of this Realme into the parties of beyond the See for his
affayres and busynes ther to be done. Withe one s^rurtunt
and two horses or geldyngrj twenty pounds in money and
other his laufull cariage and utensiles. And w/t^out any
vnlawfull serche let or ympedyment, Wherfore I require you
to cause that he may so passe without any disturbaunce
accordyng to the kyngrr pleasure in that behalf. Thus the
blessed Trenyte presume yowr good lordship. At the Court
the XXth day of Marche.
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good lorde the Vicount lisle the
Kingr-r depute at Calays
246. CROMWELL TO SIR ROGER TOWNSEND AND
SIR JOHN HEYDON.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 6oi. Mar. 26, 1538.
They are to examine and settle the complaints of Robert Burbeck against
Robert Townsend. Cf. Letter 267.
After my right hartye cowmendac/ons Whereas complainte
is made to the king and his most honorable counseil by
Robert Burbek of greate Riboroughe in the Countye of
Norffo/£ that where the saide Robert Burbek had in Ferme
by lease the terme thereof not expired a Certayne grounde
called Sennowe oon* Robert Touneshend Esquire hathe not
onely dispossed him of the same, But also wyth holdcthe
from him the some of viii li. awarded by arbitrament
indifferently elected and chosen, and Furthermore hathe
procured one William Androwe of greate Riborough afore-
said to send his two sonnes to lye in wayte for the same
Burbek beside that the saide Touneshende hathe by thex-
tremytie and rigowr of the lawe and calumpniac/bn molested
the saide Burbek to his greate losse damage and vttcr
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 127
vndoing, Oneles his Maiestie shuld prouyde him some gra-
cyous remedy. And Forasmuche as there seamethe grete
Simplicite and Feare in the saide complaintyve and muche
force rigour and crafte in the saide Touneshend and Androwe
The kingr.r hieghnes pleaswr and cowmaundemewt is that you
shall Furthwzt// call all the saide p^rsonnes before you and
so to examyn the hoole matyer groundely and substancyally
and thereuppon gyue your fynall order and directyon ac-
cording to right equite and Justice So that the same Burbek
haue no cause eftsones to molest his hieghnes w*t// any suche
Lyke sutes. But that he may haue Free accesse and recesse
from tyme to tyme w/t^out any Lett p^rturbaunce or
molestac/on of them or any of them Not Failing hereof as
his grace trustethe you And thus fare ye hertely well. From
St. James the xxvith of Marche the xxixth yere of his Maiesties
most noble Reigne.
"Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my frendrj Sir Roger Towneshend & Sir Johon
Heiydywg knyghtoy and to eu^ry of theme.
247. (CROMWELL) TO THE PRIOR OR ABBOT <OF ).
R. O. CaL xiii. (i) 638. Mar. (1538).
Begs him to confirm the transfer of an annuity of 405. from Dr. Bonner to
Thomas Shirley.
My lorde in my hfrtie man^r I cowmend me vnto you.
And wher(as) it is so that doctowr Boner my louyng frend
hauyng an awnuyte of xl sh. by the yere of you during his
1 iff is contented for my sake that Thomas Sherle late viith
hym & now at this tyme in my s^ruice shall haue & enioye
the same soo that ye & your brother will graunt therto.
I shall desir & pray you hertelie to ferther the thing to the
best of your power & induce your brother vnto the same,
granteing therapon vnto my said seruaunt your co«ue«t
scale during his liff, in as good & fauowrable manrr as ye
can. And to certifie me by this beyrer of your co«formitie
& doyng herein to the«te«t I may giffe yow thanks accord-
inglie as gladlie I shall doo. And thus fare ye well. From
saynt James besides Westminster the day of Marche.
Endd. The copy of a
128 LETTERS OF [1538
248. (CROMWELL) TO THE (BISHOP OF SALISBURY).
B. M. Cleop. E. iv, f. 8 1 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 572. (Mar. 1538.)
Rebukes the Bishop for his complaints and taunts. Denies that he has
acted in an unfriendly or partial spirit.
My lord after hartie cowmewdations, I cannot but both
moch marueil that yow, whom I haue taken to be myn
crnest frend, sholde Judge me, as I may jvrceyue by yowr
letters yow do, and also be glad, that ye so frankely vtter
yowr stomachc to me. I wold thanke yow for yowr plain
wrytinge, and fre monitions, sauyng that, yow seme fuller of
suspicion, then it becuwmith, as I thinke, a prelate of yowr
sorte to be, and, to say, that maketh me more sorye, moch
worse prrswaded of me, then I thowght, any of yowr lernyng
and judgement cold haue ben. I toke a matter owte of your
handrj into myne, yf vpon consyderacions, myn office bynde
me to do so, what cause haue ye to complain ? If I had don
thys, either vpon affection, or intendinge preiudice to yowr
estimacion, yow myght haue expostulated \\-i\Jt me, and yet
if ye then had don it, after a jentler sorte, I shold both soner
haue amended, that I dyd amisse, and also haue had better
cause to Judge yowr wrytinge to CUM of a frendly harte
towards me. If ye be offended wit/* my sharpe letters, how
caw yowr testie word^r, I had almost gyuen them another
name, delite me? I required yow to vse no extremitie in
yowr office, durus est sic sermo, ye tosse it, and when ye
haue dowr, ye beginne agcin, euen as thowghe, all beinge
sayd, all were still behinde. Yf yow haue vsed no extremitie
I am, I insure yow, as glad of it as I owght to be. And
thowghe yow do not, yet vpon a cowplaintc myn office
bjv/deth me to succor hy/n, that saith he is ou^rmacched and
is compelled to sustein wronge. I was thus informed, and
by persons, to whom I gaue more credite then I intend to do
hereafter, if they haue abused me, as yow wold make me
belcuc they haue. They thus complaywing, cold I do any
lesse, then grauwte vnto them, suche remedic as the king?*
hyghenes and hys lawes gyue indifferently to all hys subiecter?
Myght I not also sow what gather, that ye preceded the sorer
ayenste The Reder, Roger London, when I had seen, how
moch yow desired the preferment of yowr scruant to that
Rowme ? My lord, yow had shewed yowrselfe, of moch more
paciewcc. I woll not say of moch more prudencye, if ye had
contented yowrselfe \\t\A their lauful appcale and my lauful
injunctions, and rather haue sowght fully to instructe me in
the maticr, then thus to desire to conquer me by shrowde
wordrj, to vanquishe me by sharpe thrcprj of scripture,
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 129
whyche as I knowe to be trewe, so I truste to God, as greate
a clerke as ye be, ye allege them owt of their place. It
becu/wmith me not, neyther yet I am wonte, to vante myselfe,
of well doinge, I knowe who worketh all that is well wrowght
by me, and wheras he is the hole doer, I intend not to offre
hym thys wronge, he to labor, and I to take the thanks Yet
as I do not cease to gyue thanks, that it hathe pleased hys
goodnes to vse me, as an instrument and to worke sowwhat
by me, so I truste, I am as ready to serue hy;« in my calling
to my litel power, as ye ar preste, to wryght worse of me
then ye owght to thinke. My prayer is, that God gyue me
no longer lyfe, then I shall be gladde to vse myn office in
edificatione, and not in destructione, as ye beare me in hand
I do. God, ye say, woll Judge such vsing of authorite,
meanywg flattely, that I do abuse such power, as hath
pleased God and the King« hyghenes to setle me in. God,
I say, woll Judge such Judges as ye ar, and charme also such
thowghtfj as ye misvse. Ye do not so well as I wold yow
shold do, if ye so thinke of me, as your letters make me
thinke ye do. The crime that ye charge me witAall, is
greater, then I may or owght to beare, vntrewer.I truste,
then they that wold faynest, shalbe able to proue. It is
a strange thinge yow say, that I neyther wold wryght, nor
send yow word by mouthe, what ye shold do, w*t// the
popisshe mowke of Abington, and that thabbot of Rcdinge
cold gette strayghtway my letters to inhibite yo//r Juste
doinge. I wisse, that was not my mynd whew I wrote.
I dyd not intende to lette your iuste doinge, but rather to
require yow to do iustely, neither I was swyfte in grau«tyng
my letters to hym, albeit I am moch redier to helpe hym,
that cowplaynith of wronge, then preste to fyrder on, that
desireth punishemewt of a person whom I am not sure, hath
offended. I made yow no awswer, a strange thinge. I wisse,
my lord, I thowght ye had better knowen, my businesses,
then for such a matier, to estime me not your frende. Yow
myght haue better Judged, that I was to moch cumbred witA
other affares that those whych sued for thabbot cold better
espie ther tyme, then yours colde. Som ma» woll thinke,
ye rather vtter displeasur conceyued before, then that ye
haue any vrgent occasion here to misiudge my mywd towards
yow. As cowcernywg your mayer, yow muste vse your
priuileges, as things lent vnto yow, so longe, as ye shall
occupie them well, that is, accordinge to the my«de and
pleasur of them, that gaue yow them.
I toke neyther the monkes cause, nor any other into my
to be a bearer of any such, whom ther vpryght
MERRIMAN. II K .
130 LETTERS OF [1538
dealinge is not able to beare. No, you knowc, I thinke, that
I louc such readers of Scripture as litel as ye do. Wold God
men of your sorte were as diligent to see, that in all their
dioceses, good men were made, as I am glad to remoue !
theuyl when I knowe them. Yf yow had taken euen then but
halfc the pain to send vp such things ayenste hyw, as yow
now send, neither yow shold haue had cause, no nor occasion,
thus rasshely to deuine of my good or euyl will toward yow.
nor I haue be« cuwbred w/'tA thys answer. My lord, I pray
yow, whyle I am your frend, take me to be so, for if I were
not, or if I knewe any cause, why I owght not, as I wold
not be afrayd to showe yow, what had alienated my my«d
from yow, so yow shold well pmreyue, that my displeasur
shold last no lenger, then ther were cause. I passe ourr, your
Nemo leditur, nisi a seipso. I pray w/tA yow thys firste
parte2, our Lord haue pitie vpon me. Thother parte is not
in my prayers, that god shold torn my harte. For he is my
Judge. I may erre in my doings for wante of knowlege,
I willingly beare no misdoers. I willingly hurte none, whom
honestie and the klnges lawes do not refuse. Vndo not yow
yowrselfe, I entende nothinge lesse, the// to worke yow any
displeasure. If hetherto, I haue showed yow any pleasure,
I am glad of it, I showed it to your qualities and not to yow.
Yf they tarry wit/t yow, my good will cawnot departe frow
yow excepte yowr prayer be herd, that is my harte be torned.
I assure yow I am ryght glad ye ar in the place ye ar in,
and woll do, what shall lie in me to ayde yow in yowr office,
to maintein your reputation, to gyue yow credite amongtt
your flocke, and els wher, as longe as I shall see yow desircful
to do your dewtie accordinge to yowr call. I woll not becuw
your good Lord, as yowr good Lord, as yowr desire is, I am
& haue be« yowr frend and take yow to be myne. Cast owte
vain suspition, Let rasshe Judgement rule men of lesse witte
& discretion. Wilfulnes becuwmith all men better then
a bisshop, whych shold alwayes teach vs to lacke gladly
our own will. Bycause yow may not haue yowr own will
here is, Dvtninus pauprrcw facit & ditat, & Dotninus dedit &
Dominus abstulit. to what purpose ? Sit nomc// D<>;;/mi brni-
dictuw ca» neurr lacke hys place, it cuwmith alwayes in
season ; or els as greate a diuine as ye ar, I wold say, it were
not euy« the best placed here, excepte yow me/it better yow
had rather lose all, the// any parte of yowr will I pray yow
teach pacicwcc better, in your deads*, or els spcke as litel of
it as ye caw. My lord yow myght haue prouoked sow other
in my place, that wold haue vsed lesse pacicwcc w/t// yow,
1 f. a. disaprouc * £. o. God haue
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 131
finding so litel in yow. But I caw take your wrytinge, and
thys heate of your stomache, euy« as well as I caw, I truste
beware of flaterers. As for thabbot of Readinge, & hys
mowke, if I fynd them as ye say they ar, I woll ordre them
as I shall thinke good. Ye shall do well to do your duetie,
if yow so do, ye haue no cause to mistruste my frendshyp.
Yf ye do not, I must tell it yow and that somwhat after the
playnist sorte. To take a cowtrourrsie owt of yo//r hand«
into myne, I do but my» office, yow medle farder then youres
woll beare yow, thus ruffely to handle me for vsinge of myne.
Yf ye do so no more, I let passe, all that is past, and offer
yow such kywdnes, as ye shall lawfully desire at my hand^j.
Thus fare ye woll.
Endd. l The mynute of a \ettc\o. drawn by Mr. Moryson
to thabbot of Glastonbury
249. (CROMWELL) TO THE (ABBOT OF ).
B. M. Cleop. E. iv, f. 86 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 573. (Mar. 1538.)
Assures him that the King has no intention of suppressing any monastery
unless the inmates desire it of their own accord, or else act contrary
to their allegiance.
After my hertie cowmendacions. Albeit I doubte not but
hauyng not long sithens receyued the kinges highnes \ettcrcs
wherein his maiestie signified vnto you, that vsing your selffes
Like his good and faithefull Subiectes his grace wolde not in
any wise interrupte you in your state and kinde of lyving.
And that his pleasure therfore was in case any man shuld
declare anything to the contrary, you shuld cause hym to be
apprehended and kept in sure custodie, till further knolege
of his graces pleasure, you wold so firmely repose yourselff
in the tenour of the seid \etterts as no mans wordes ne any
voluntary surrewder made by any governor and Company of
any Religious house sithens that tyme shall put you in any
dowte or feare of Suppression or change of your kinde of lyff
and polycie, Yet the most excellent wisdom of his maiestie
knoyng as well that of thone side feare mey entre apon
a cowtrarye apparance, where the grounde and Originall is not
knowen, As on thoder side, that in suche cases there cawnot
wa«t some malicious and cancred hartes that vppon a volun-
tarye and franke surrender wolde p^rswade and blowe abrode
1 This endorsement is inaccurate. draft of a circular addressed to the
It may possibly refer to the next heads of the Eastern monasteries,
letter (Cal. no. 573), though it seems See Cal. xiii. (i) 211 n.
more probable that the latter is the
K 2
132 LETTERS OF [1538
a genrrall and a violent Suppression, to thintcwt you shuld
savely adhere to the Sentence of the seid \ftteres by his
highness alredy addressed vnto you, And like good SubiectAT
insuc the pwrporte of the same in thapprehencion and
detenc/on of all suche ptrsones as wold brute or instill the
cowtrarye, Whereas crrteyn Govcrnours and Companies of
a few Religious houses haue lately made fre and voluntary
surrendres, into his gracrj hanckr, his graces highnes hathe
commanded me for your reposes, quyetes, and for the causes
specified on his graces behalff to aduertise you that onlesse
there had ben ofertures made by the seid howses that haue
resigned, his grace wolde neuer haue receyued the same And
that his maiestie entendeth not in any wise to trouble you
or to devise for the Suppression of any Religious howse that
standeth Except thei shall either desire of themselffes wit/*
one hoole consent to resiste and forsake the same ; Orelles
mysuse themselffes co«trarye to their allegiance In wiche case
Thei shall desrrue the losse of moche more then thei re howses
and possessions, that is the lossc also of their lyves. Wher-
fore in this you mey repose yourselff gyvyng yourselff to
serue god devoutly, to lyve lyke true and faithfull Subjects
to his maiestie, And to prmiide honestly for the sustentac/on
of your houses, And the Releving of poore people wit/* the
hospitalitie of the same \v/t/*out co//su;//pciow and wilful wast
and spoyle of things that hathe ben Lately made in many
abbeis as though the Govmiers of them mynded only their
dissolucion, you mey be sure that you shall not be impechcd
by his maiestie but that his grace wol be your Sheldc or
defence ageinst all others that wold mynystre vnto you any
Iniurie or displeasure. And if any ma« of what degre socu<*r
he be shall pronounce anything to the cowtrarye hereof, faile
you not either to apprehend hym yf you shalbe able, or if
he be suche a personage as you shall not dare medle w/'th
to wrvtc to his maicstie(s) highnes their name or names.
And Report that he or thei so lewdly Bchavyng themselffes
mey be puwnysshed for the same as shall apperteyne.
260. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 189; Cal. xiii. (i) 671. Apr. 4 (1538).
Reports the conference of the Imperial ambassadors with the commis-
sioners appointed to consult with them. There were never so many
gay words to so little effect.
Maister Wiat Aftre my right harty commendac/bns By
this berer you shall receyvc the kinges highnes If/tfrcs by
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 133
the contynue wherof you shall prrceyve soo largely what
hathe been doon here that I shall not nede to make any
repetiabn of the same, only I thought mete to signifie vnto
you that if thise men here wold haue com to any pece of
reason they might prrcace haue doon themselfcr more good
thenne they haue doon There were appointed as commis-
sioners to cowmen witA them, my lord of Canterbury, my
lord Chauncelowr my lord of SufiW£, meself, my lord Admyral
the bisshops of hereforde and chichestre and Maister Russel
nowe Comptroller, all thise prrsonnes had conference \vitA
them at curry meating And in the cow/mission was also
my lord of NornW£ and the bisshop of Duresme, but they
were absent, by this you may see they were not slenderly
estemed, and sure I am and dare boldly affirme it, I neuer
harde soo many gaye wordes, and sawe soo litle effecte
ensue of the same sithens I was borne befor this tyme, but
by this I maye wel see that there is skant any good faithe
in this world. The kinges Ma^jte dothe moche mrrvail
that you sende your \etteres open to my lorde of Winchestre,
for Albeit his grace dothe not mistrust him, yet he noteth
some foly in you to doo it w/t^out his expresse cowmaunde-
ment, and willed me taduertise youe that you shal in no
wise vse it heraftre, if he woll breake them he may doo it
at his prril, but nowe the faulte is in you. whiche neurrthe-
less for that whiche is past is pardoned. By the next
messangers Doctowr haynes deane of Excestre and docto//r
Boner Archedeacon of leicestre you shall here of the signa-
ture of your bill for Augmentaobn of dietter Thus in the
meane season Fare you hartely well From St. James the
iiijth of April.
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very loving Freende Maister Wiat the kingly
Ambassadowr vtit/t Themp^rowr.
Endd. My lord pr/vi sele of the v of Aprill by francisco
the xij of the same at barsolona
251. CROMWELL TO LORD COBHAM.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 283, f. 204; Cal. xiii. (i) 680. Apr. 5 (1538).
The King has appointed him to sit upon the trial of Knell, accused of
treason.
After my right herty recowmendac/ons to yowr lordship,
forasmoche as the kingrj maiestye hathe appointed you
134 LETTERS OF [1538
among™ other by his Commission of Oyer and determyn/r, to
sit vpon the tryall of knell being accused of Treason, his
pleasi/r was, that I shuld signifye his maiesties desire to be
that herkynnyng to my lord of Wiltshire, who is the Chief
Cowmissiorvr in the said Comission, you shall give yowr
attendance for that pi/rpose, And to handle the mater for
yowr p<?rte, with suche a dexterite as the offendowr may be
punished according to Justice. Thus fare you hertcly well.
From Saint James the Vth day of Aprill.
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good lord, my lord Cobham.
252. CROMWELL TO <LORD HUNGERFORD) !.
Longford Castle MSS. ; not in Cal. April 7 (1538).
Desires him to examine William Irish and others, and to report to
Cromwell.
Thies shalbe to advertise you that havyng received your
lettres of the 27* of Marche I declared the same unto the
Kinges Highnes who takes the same very thankefully & in
good parte. Willing and desiring you further to examyne
as well the same William Yrishe as all others that were
present att the spekyng of the wordes by you in yowr sayd
lettres mencioned. Upon what grounde or occasion, to what
intent and effect what moved hym thcrunto what tyme &
place & under what maner and affect he spake those wordes,
with as moche diligence and maturitie as ye maye. And
that doon to ccrtific me of your said examinacion with spede
whcrupon ye shalbe further adcertayned of the kinges High-
nes pleasure howe the said person shalbe further ordered in
that behalf, praying you in the mcanc tyme to see the same
kept in sure warde accordingly. S1 James beside Westminster
7 April
Signed.
253. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. HarL MSS. 282, f. 193 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 710. Apr. 8 (1538).
Has obtained an increase of his diets. His friends at Court have been
very slack. Advises him to ' quycken them ' with his letters.
Maister Wiat aftre myn harty cowmendac/bns bicause you
shal psrceyve by thinstructions nowe made to thise bercrs
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 135
and by their relac/on the hole discours of all matier of Impor-
tance touching the k'mges Ma/Vjte, I shall not be tedious
herin wit/* any repetic/bn of the same, only by thise you shal
knowe that according to my promise I haue obteyned yo«r
warrant for thaugmentaabn of your dictifs a nvrke by the
daye, soo that nowe you haue a daily allowance of liiijs. iiijd.
whiche oodde shilling above foure mrrkes is also converted to
Mr. Mason. \our Agents here if you haue any be very
slack to call vppon any man for you. your brother hawte
was not thries here sithens you went, and the rest I here
nothing of onles it be whenne nothing is to be doon. I neuer
sawe man that had soo many Freendes here, leave soo fewe
p^rfite freend^r behinde him. Quycken them wit/* your
letfcres and in the meane season as I haue been soo shall I be
bothe your Freende and your sollicitowr Thus Fare you
hartely well From St. James the viij"1 of April
Herwit/* you shal receyve a lettere from Maister pate to
Brancetowr. I pray you delyuer it and sollicite thanswer to
the same, if Brancetowr woll com home you may tel him
I doubt not but he shal fynde the k'mges highnes his good
and gracious lorde. And I shall not fayle to take suche
ordre wit// his creditors as he shalbe in quiet and out of all
daunger.
"Your louyng assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To myw assured loving Frende Sir Thomas Wyatt
knyght the king^j Ambassador resident with Themp^rowr.
Endd. My lord pr*Vi sele of the v of Apryll by Mr. haines
and Mr. bonar at nyce the x of may.
254. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 810. Apr. 20 (1538).
Has received his letters. Discusses the report of the priest. Has sent
money to Calais.
After my right herty and most aflectuouse Comme«dations
to your Lordship, the same shal undrstand that I have
receyved your k/teres of the xv of this present month and
also perused the Report of a preste therin conteyned for the
whiche I geve vnto your Lordship most herty thanks. The
newes be good but oone doubte is in it whither they be true
or no. If they be true then it is Like that prince who shuld
so answer is an unfayned frynd to the kinges ma&rte. If they
136 LETTERS OF [1538
be vntruc or cllfs they be fayncd by the gentilma* that
reported them at his bowrde or elk* by the preste self It is
harde to Juge. I have caused money to be sent thither I
think it be arryved then- by this. If not I woll not faile upon
adurrtisemewt thereof by you to be geven to cause them that
haue the conveyaunce thereof to make mor* celerite. ' Thus
Fare ye right hertely well. From London this XXth of
Aprill
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good Lord the Visconte Lisle Lord
deputie of the icings Town and marches of Calais.
255. CROMWELL TO GARDINER.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 291 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 832. Apr. 24, 1538.
Desires that the matter in dispute between them be forgotten.
Aftre my right harty cowmendacibns to yowr lordshippe
Bicause the repeticibn of suche contencyous matier as ha the
been writcn betwene vs shuld be but displeasant and noysome
to bothe parties, I shall laye the same aparte, and for an
entre to owr former fac/ons of writing, only adurrtise youe
that howesoeuer you haue taken me, I haue shewed myself
yo«r frecnde whenne the tyme and occasion ha the s/rued, and
haue not writen more at any season vnto you in any matier
thenne the kinges highnes hathe befor the sending of it furthe
perused, And therfor I thought meself the more touched, that
for my gentlenes I shuld receyve suche vnkinde answers.
But as I haue nowe given place to yo//r courage, soo I shall
put those maticrs in obliuion that haue thus passed bctwcne
vs And soo Fare you hartely well From Stepncye the xxiiijiu
of April at night.
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good lord my lord of Winchestre the
Vyngfs Ambassadowr in the Court of France
Endd. From Stepney the xxiiijth of April 30 &£»*' Rsgis
The lorde privie seal
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 137
256. CROMWELL TO < ROLAND LEE, BISHOP OF
COVENTRY AND LICHFIELD).
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 765. (Apr. 1538.)
Desires Lee to send him an advowson for the assignment of a prebend in
the church of Lichfield, for a friend of his nephew Richard Cromwell.
After my right hertie commendac/ons vnto your Lordship
Forasmoche as my nepvoye Richard Crumwell is moche
desirous to haue the disposicion and assig;/me;/t of a pr^bende
in your churche of Lichefeld to preferre a right honest man,
and a nere frende of his thervnto And for thaccomplishcmcwt
thereof hathe heretofore sent vnto you an advoyson all redye
wryten to haue the prrsentac/bn and title of preferment of
one of thre named in the said voyson whiche first shall chance
to be com*' vacant there Thiese shalbe to desire and most
hertelie praye your Lordshipp to tendre my said nepvoyes
suet And to send vnto him by this bearer l the said advouson
signed and sealed aswell vnder your scale as the chapiter
scale of the said churche accordinglie. Wherein your so doyng
ye shall administer vnto me suche thakfull pleasowr as I shall
not faile to haue the same in remembrance when occasion shall
occurr. Further desiring your Lordshipp to adurrtise me by
your letteres of your good conformetie herein. Thus most
hertelie Fare your lordship (well)
Endd. Thabbot of Kyllingworthe
257. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 200; Cal. xiii. (i) 916. May 4 (1538).
He will receive by the bearer instructions how to proceed as regards the
overture made by Francis. The King is displeased at his slowness in
giving information.
After my right hartie cowmendac/ons by this berer you
shall Receyue the kinges hieghnes let feres signifying an ouer-
ture made vnto his Maiestie by the Frenche King w/th an
Instrucczbn howe you shall vse and behaue yourselfor in the
same whiche I doubt not you woll duely waye and consider
And so precede therein whether it be proponed according to
the diuise or obiected vnto you, as his Majesties honowr may
be preserued and his cow/moditie therewith wrought to his
graces satisfactyon. Moche his Maiestie dothe m^rvil that
you Maister Wiat is not more spedye in your aduertise-
menies considering the tyme and thimportaunce of affaires
1 In the margin : Aste
138 LETTERS OF [1538
no we in treatie amongtt chrir/ien prince, It shal be good
that you rcdubbc that negligence Thus Fare ye hcrtely wel
from St James beside Westminster the iiiith day of Maye
Yo«r louyng assuryd freind
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To myn Assured loving Freendes sir Thomas Wiat
knight Mr. doctowr Haynes and Mr. doctowr Boner the
King« Oratowrs v/itA Themprrowr
258. CROMWELL TO GARDINER, BRIAN, AND THIRLEBY.
B. M. Add. MSS. 25,114, f. 302 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 918. May 4, 1538.
As the King distrusts the French ambassador, who has offered to take his
letters to Gardiner, he sends them by Gardiner's servant.
After my right herty commendations vnto you Thies shal
be to aduertise you that wheras the Frenshe ambassado//r did
very gentilly offre to have conveyed the king« highnes \ftteres
to you by his Currour, which he intendeth to despeche at
this tyme, the saide offre being so gentilly and after suche
a kyndc fashon made could not be refused w/'t//oute significa-
c/on of som maner of diffidence or mistrust yet neverthcles
the kinges Ma/Vjte connsydering it to be expedient for sundry
causes that ye shuld have Indilayed knowlege of all things
and that prrchaunce by the negligence of the ministrcs or
otherwise the dcliurawce of his gracrj lettetcs myght be, If
they shuld be conveyed by the said Ambassado//rs poste
retarded. Thinking it expedient that ye may have them
afore, hath appoincted the said Iftteres to be conveyed by
Muryell srruaunt to you my lorde of Wynchestre, And for
satisfaction and contentment of the said Ambassadowr and
lest he shuld conceyve any part of mistrust or diffidence
I have thought by his Currowr to despeche vnto you thies
presentes as the kinges packet cowteynyng the pr/ncipall
despeche, and sent it vnto hym after the departure of the
said Muriell, to thentent he myght prevente thambassadoftrs
poste and you have leasur* to consulte and advise vpon the
same accordingly as shal apprrtcyne Thus Fare ye right
hertely well From St. James besidrj Westminster this iiiilh
daye of Maye.
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my loving freendrj my Lorde of Wynchestre Sir
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 139
Fraunc^ Brian and Mr. Thirleby the kinges Ambassadors in
Fraunce
Endd. From Saint James 4W Maij 30 R. R. Lorde Pnvie
seal — In hast, hast, post hast
259. CROMWELL TO SIR RICHARD RICHE.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 928. May 5 (1538).
Has appointed an annual pension of ,£100 to the late Abbot of Kenihvorth.
After my right harty commendations thes bee to aduertise
yow, thatt for suche reasonable causes as the commissionars
haue more att large informyd me of, I haue appoyntyd the
late Abbot of Kenellworth for his pension one hundred pownd
yerly during his lif to bee payed vn/0 hym att lyke dayes
and after lyke sorte as the same is accustomyd to bee payed
to others in his case, praying you ondilayedly to cause his
sayd pension to bee entryd in your book^r and his assurance
to be sealyd vppon the same as spedyly as yow may. And
Thus hartely fare yow well from saynt James the vlh of Maye
Yowr louyng assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To myn assuryd loving Freend Sir Richard Riche
Knight Chauncelowr of the courte of the Augmentations.
Endd. My Lordes Letteres Syngnyfing to my Mr. he
hath apoyncted the Abbot of Kenelworth for his yerlie
penc/on c. li.
260. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 936. May 6 (1538).
Reproves him for not sending information about the Sacramentaries in
the town of Calais. Desires him to look into the matter, and report
the result of his inquiry at once. Cf. Letters, 263, 268.
After my right hartie Cowmendac/ons to your Lordshipp
Where I am aduertised that of late it hathe been Signifyed
from thens to my lorde of Herforde, Maister Threasourer of
the king?.r Maiesties Houshold Maister brown and others That
the Towne of Calys shuld be in som misorder by certayn
Sacramentaries alleaged to be in the same, I cannot a litle
mervail that your Lordshipp having good knowleage and
experience of my good wil and contynuel desire to the
repression of errours and to thestablishmewt of oon perfyt
unytie in opinion among^ vs al the kingrj Maiestcs people
and Subjects wold not vouchsauf to gyve me some know-
leage if there be any suche Lewde persons among^r you.
140 LETTERS OF [i
I doubt not but your Lordshipp knowcth bothc howe moche
I doo cstcame that the kingrj hieghnes towne as my dueutie
requyreth and howe wel I haue (I thank god) hitherto con-
sidered what daunger might ensue vnto it, by Diuersitc of
opinion specially in mattiers soo high and weightye doing
ever myn office as I might to quiet al things w/th an honest
charite that haue Lightly insurged among« you. But leaving
this parte I shal addresse my self to my purpose which is to
Signefye vnto you that the king« Maiestie being desirous to
knowe the truthe of these mattiers hath willed and cowman nded
me to write vnto you and to the rest of his Counseil there that
you shal assemble yourselfes togithcr and make due and
circumspect inquisic/on of this and al other suche matters as
doo or may in anywise interupt the quiet and vnyte that
shuld be there amonges you. And of the same to aduertis
agayn witA convenient diligens by this Bcrer whom I haue
sent thither for that purpose Having suche regarde to the
serious and iuste examynation and handeling thereof as his
Maiestie may see the p^rfyt truth dyuided from mennes corrupt
affections of fauowr malyce or displcaswr. Which shal bothe
moche advaunce the reformation of things if it soo require,
and declare you which be put in trust there to be men of that
sorte that shal beseame you towardes the mayntenaunce of
trouth and honestie and the Repression of the contrary as
apperteynith. Thus Fare you hertelywel. From St. James
the vi of Maye
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good Lorde the Viscounte Lisle deputie
of the king« towne and Marches of Calays
261. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, ff. 191 *, 202 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 967. May 10 (1538).
Informs him of the King's grief at finding the Emperor so cold to England,
and so favourable towards the Pope.
Mr. Wiat after my right hertie commendations by your
lr//rres of the XXVth of the last moneth the Kinges Ma/>j/*
is aduertiscd of your discourse had wit// thempmwr vppn
tharrival of the dispeche by Francisco and to be playn witAt
you the King« Maifste and al we of his counsel finde suche a
coldnes in it that we be muche sory to remcmbrc t/iat so many
good word« showld bring furthe "deadcs and be1 and
1 F. 191 is all in cipher except scribed from f. 202, a contemporary
the signature. This copy is tran- decipher. * sit.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 141
besides his Maieste is aduertised from sundry parties how all
this meting the counseil and al thyng^r don for the benefit
and glory of romc be set furth and avanced by Themprrowr
that he dothe but to dyvise to mocke al the world by practises
\\ith faire wordes for his owne purpos I pray god those newes
and aduertisementer may be by his good deoVj shewed fals
it were grete ruthes that a prince of his honour shal entende
so corruptly whereof I give you knowleage that you may
eyther bring things a better steye or discifre thuntruth that
the malice thereof may be better prevented, thus fare ye
hertely well From Westminster the xth of May
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray loving Freende sir Thomas Wyat
Knight the king^r Ambassadowr with Themperowr
262. CROMWELL TO THE MAYOR OF ROCHESTER.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 980. May 12 (1538).
Charges him to suffer no more corn to be conveyed out of the realm, and
to appear before Cromwell to answer for his former transgressions of
the laws of the land in that respect.
After my hartye cowmendac/ons, Where as I am crediblye
info//rmed that ye haue and dayli doo sufifre moche corne to
be caried out of that countreye and cowueyed into the parties
beyonde the see without any sprnall warant or Licence had of
the king^j highnes therunto as well to the greate hynderaunce
of the countrey about as to the evyll example of other. Thies
shalbe aswell to aduertise and charge you in the kinges
highnes behalf that frowhcnsforth ye suffre no more corne to
be co/jueycd out of those paries, where ye haue Jurisdiction,
as Also to be and appere here afore me immediately vpon the
reccpt herof to answere for that ye haue hetherto doonr and
permitted For the which yf ye can not the better declare
yowrself I shal so Loke vpon you as it shalbe to heavy for you
to beare. Not faillyng herof as ye will answere the king«
highnes for the cowtrarie at yo//r further perill. And thus
Fare ye well. From Sainct James beside Westminster the
xii1*1 daye of Maie.
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my Loving freende Mr. Maio//r of Rochester.
Endd. The lordc Crumwell, cowmaundinge that no corne be
hereaftrr transported
142 LETTERS OF
263. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 996. May 14 (1538).
Promises to obtain the King's order for the repairs necessary at Calais.
Instructions for the treatment of the Sacramentarics, and quieting
the disturbance caused by pulling down the image of Our Lady in
the Wall Cf. Letters, 260, 268.
After my right harty cowmendac/bns to your Lordshippe
by your Lr//iTes of the viii"1 of this Moneth which I haue
Receyued w/'t// thother writinges sent wyth the same I doo
perceyue bothe the Ruyne of certain partes of that towne
meate to be repayred and the disscntyon amonges you vppon
certayn lewde woordes and the pulling downc of the ymage of
oure Ladye in the Wall. Touching the Reparations I shall
move the Kinges Maiestic therein and obteyn I trust suchc
order for the same as shalbe conveniewt for his honour and the
suretic of his towne. Touching the woordtt pretended to be
spoken in contempt of the sacrament if your Lordshippe
ioynyng suwme others of the counsail wyth youe wyll take
payne to examyne the very trouthe of them vppon your
aduertisemcnt suche directyon shalbe taken for the reforma-
tyon of suchc as shalbe foundc oflfcndours therein as shalbe
consonant to Justice. And as concernyng the pulling downc
of the Ymage thoughe it be thought that many abuses and
Fonde supersticions were maynteyned by the same, yet if yt
were taken downe after any suche sorte as implyed a contemptc
of comen Auctoritie or might haue made any tumulte in the
people vppon your significac/on thereof suche Lyke ordrc
shalbe taken therein as shalbe thought most expedient.
Thus Fare you hertely wel. From saynt James the xiiii daye
of Maye.
I thankc you very hertely for your \ctteres and aduertise-
mentrj And where as ye wrytc vnto me that there is plenty of
wyne I pray you prouide for me iii tonne of gascoigne Wyne
and oone tonne of Frenche wyne of the best and send it vnto
me by the next signifying the price thereof and ye shall haue
your money repayed w/th condigne and right hartie thank/*;
and the same pleaswr to be requited and Remembered accord-
ingly. And thus Fare ye right hartely wel
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray good Lorde the Vicountc Lisle Lordc
deputie of the towne of Calays and the Marches of the same
Endd. my lorde pryveseallis
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 143
264. CROMWELL TO <SiR RICHARD RICHE,) CHANCELLOR
OF THE AUGMENTATIONS.
R. O. Cal. xiiL (i) 1051. May 23 (1538).
In favour of Thomas Lacock, priest. He is to have a pension of four
marks, and a warrant for his 'capacity.'
Mr. Chauncellowr after my right harty cowmendac/ons.
Where as this berer Sir Thomas Lacoke preste was one of the
Brethern of the Late Monasterie of Kingeswood and at the
tyme of the dissolucion of the same was foorth of that house
about the miwzstracion of the gospell, vpon his peticion made
vnto me for a co«uenie«t pension I thought good to awarde
hym foure markes pension during his lif, with his Capacitie
free. Thies shalbe therfor to desire you to make hym foorth
aswell thassurance for the said pension as also a warant for
his Capacitie to be had free taking of hym a renunciation & a
surrender of all his title & interest in the said Late monasterie
accordingly. And thus hartely Fare ye well. From Sainct
James the xxiiith of Maie.
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very Louyng frende Mr. Chauncellowr of the
"kinges highnes Cowrte of Augmentacions.
Endd. My Lordes "Letters for A pencion for A Religiouse
(of) Kyngeswood
265. CROMWELL TO HAYNES AND BONNER.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 1146. June 8, 1538.
Instructs them to inform the Emperor that the King takes Wyatt's
message in good part, and will soon send back a satisfactory answer.
After my right harty Cowmendacz'ons Where Maister Wiat
who arryved here the thirde of this present amonges other
thinges declared that Themperours Maiestie had gevin but
xxv dayes for his Return vnto hym wyth aunswere to suche
thinges as were co#*mytted to his declaracion Forasmuche as
byreason of the being a parte of Themperours Ambassadowrs
thone kcping at Ratclif thother at Mortlake they could not
put themselfes in arcdynes to haue accessc to the kinges
hieglmes presence before this the vi of this instant at after none.
And that the matyers nowe entreated be of suche importaunce
as his Maiestie must of necessyte haue some tyme to waye
and consyder them that his aunswere may be the more certain
and convenient for thcmperours satisfacczon, His Maiestie
perceiving that Maister Wyat cannot possibly return wythin
144 LETTERS OF [i
the tyme Lymytcd, Albeit it is signifyed hither from the
parties of beyond the Sees that the princrj there shuld be
clcrcly broken from al further p^rlemcnt, Yet Least the
Emperour shulde take any damage by the co«tynuaunce of his
expcctac/bn for Maistcr Wiat*\r Return w/t//in the space ap-
poynted or by protracc/on of his tymc for iii or tiii dayes lengre
Considering the said Maister Wyat cannot be then convenient
skant wit//in vi or viii daycs after the tyme prescribed, His
Maiestie having commaunded Maister Wyat to aduertisc
Monsi/wr de Grandevela hereof willed me Likewise to signifye
it vnto you to thintcnt that taking your oportune accesse to
Themperour youe may aduertisc his Maiestie thereof, Like as
his graces pleaswr is you shal doo accordingly ioynyng wyth
you Maister Mason as his Maiesties Secretry to declare
your purpose for that having the tongue he may doo soo it
more fully thenne you could percace easly vtter the same.
Making first his hieghnes most hartye Cowmendac/ons wit//
declaratyon that his Maiestie taketh the chardge of the said
Maister Wyat in very good and thankful p#rte, and wol w/tA
as good diligence as may be conueniently dispeche wyth
such aunswere and cow/mission as you may saye you trust
certaynely by the discourse of your \fticres shalbe to his con-
tentac/bn and to the good of hoole Christendom, And for your
better instrucc/on you shal also Receyve a double of the \ettsre
sent from the said 'Master Wyat to Monsuv/r Grandevela
Which you may peruse and Consider as shall appertein. Thus
Fare right hcrtely well From Cheleshith this viii111 of Juny
the xxxth yere of his graov most noble Regne
Mr. Wyot shal sende you the copie of his Ir/teres.
Yowr louyng Frcend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray loving Freend« Maister Doctoi/r
Haynes deane of Excetowr and Mr. Doctowr Boner archdeacon
of Leycestre the kingrj ambassadowrs vtith Themprr^wr
Etidd. Rec. at Villa Fra/rca & brought by Fra//c« Satwr-
daye, videlicet xv° Junii :
266. <CROMWELL) TO (THE BISHOP OF ).
B. M. Cleop. E. iv, £.9; Cal. xiii. (i) 1304. (June, 1538.)
A circular, instructing the Bishop to cause the Bible in English to be laid
forth openly in every church and house, in order that the truth of
God's Word may be brought before the people. Cf. Letters, 159,273.
After my Right harty commendations, Wheras the kingrj
highnes mynding to sett forthe the glorye of god, and the
THOMAS CROMWELL 145
truthe of his worde hath as well in his own person, as by
other his ministers travaylyd to bring the same playnly and
sinccrly to the knowlege of his subiecter, and for thatt pur-
pose nott only in the late visitation exercised by authorite of
his maiestie, butt also att other tymes, and other wayes hath
ordeynyd many godly ordinauncrj and Iniw/ctions, and giuen
also sondry strayte commawndmentoj as well to yow as to all
other persones ecclesiasticall of all sorter and degres wit/tin
this his Realme Forasmoche as it is come to his graces know-
lege thatt his sayd ordinauncrj commawndmentor and Iniu«c-
tions have byn very remysly hitherto observyd, kept and obeyd
w/t//in your diocese, and his highnes people ther for want of
the sincere and true teaching of the worde of God suffryd to
lye and dwell contynually in theyr olde ignorance and blindnes,
his gracr^ pleasure and expresse commawndment is thatt yow
having a more vigilant eye, and better respecte to his highnes
sayd commawndment and ordinaunces cause the same, and
eurry of them to bee duly publissyd and obs^ruyd forseing as
well in yowr own person as by your archdecons chaun-
celars officials deanes Rurall and other ministers thatt all suche
Curator and other persons eccl^jiasticall as after this many
callings on shall be fownd negligent remisse or stoburn in
the fulfylling of them or any of them receyue for ther
transgression in thatt behaulf suche punisshment as in the
sayd ordinaunc^j is conteyned and more as to yowr dis-
cretion shall be seen mete and convenyent. And furthar his
graces pleasure and high commawndment is thatt yow w*V*
no lesse circumspection and diligence cause the bible in
Englissc to be layd ferthe openly in your own howses and
thatt the same be in lyke maner openly layd forth in curry
parisshe churche att the charges and cosies of the parsones
and vicars, that euery man hauing free accesse to it by
reading of the same may bothe be the more apte to vnder-
stande the declaration of it att the preachars mowthe, and
also the more hable to teache and instructe his wif, chyldern
and famylye att home, Commawnding neurrthelesse, all
curator and other preachars w/t/rin thatt your diocese thatt
they att all tymes, and specially now att the begynning
exhorte and requyre the people to vse and reade the bible
so left amongrj them according to the teno;/r of an instruc-
tion whiche ye shall receyue herin inclosed to be send to
eurry curate wit/t a certayn day by yow to be appoyntyd
w/t//in the whiche the bible in englysshe bee as is aforsayd
layed forthc in eurry churche.
MERRIMAN. II
146 LETTERS OF [1538
B. M. Cleop. E. v, f. 344 ; CaL xUi. (i) 1304 (a). (June, 1538.)
Royal Injunctions to curates, concerning the method and manner of
expounding the Bible. The people are to be exhorted to conform to
it, and not to argue about obscure passages.
.WHERE it hathe pleased the kinges Maiestic oure most
dradde souereigne lor[d] and Supreme Hed vndcr God of this
Churche of England for A Declaratyon of the greate zeale he
bereth to the setting furthe of GodoVj woorde and to the
vertuouse mayntenawnce of his cowmenwealthe to prrmyt
and cowmaunde the Bible being translated into our mother
tongue to be syncerely taught and declared by vs the Curate,
And to bee openly layed furthe in euery parrishe Churche, To
thintent that all his good Subjects aswcl by reading thereof
as by hering the true explanac/on of the same may First lerne
their dieuties to allmightie God and his Ma/Vjte and euery of
vs charitably to vse other And thenne applying themselfes to
doo according to that they shall here and lerne, may bothe
speke and doo Chrw/icnly and in al thinges as it bcseamethe
Chrw/ien men, Because his hieghnes very muche desireth that
this thing being by him most godly bcgonne and sett forward
maye of all you be Receyued as is aforcsaide His Maiestie
hathe willed and cowmaunded this to be declared vnto youe
that his gracrj plcaswr and hicgh cowmaundement is that in
the reading and hering thereof, first most humbly and Reuer-
ently vsing and addressing yourselfes vnto it, You shall haue
allwayes in yo//r Rcmemberaunce and memorycs that all
things conteyned in this booke is the vndoubtcd wyll, lawe
and cowmaundement of almightie god thonely and streight
meane to knowe the goodnes and bcnefytrj of god towards
vs and the true dicutye of euery chrw//en man to srrue him
accordingly, And that therefore reading this booke w/t/r suche
mynde and firme feythe as is aforesaid, you shall first
endeuowr yourselfes to conforme your owne lyvinges and
conucrsac/bn to the content/^ of the same And so by your
good and veituouse cxemple to encourage yo//r wifes childcrn
and sfruauntss to lyve wcl and chrw/ienly according to the
rule thereof, And if at any tyme by reading any doubt shall
come to any of you touching the sense and mcanyng of any
partc thereof, That thenne not geving to moche to your owne
myndtt fantazics and opinions nor having thereof any open
reasonyng in yowr open Tauernes or Alchowses, ye shall haue
recourse to suche lerned men as be or shal be auctoriscd to
preache and declare the same, Soo that avoyding all con-
tentions and disputac/ons in suche Alchowses and other places
vnmetc for suche conference and submyttyng your opinions
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 147
to the Judgements of suche lerned men as shal be appoynted
in this behaulf, His grace may wel prrceyue that you vse this
most hiegh benefyte quietly and charitably curry of you to
the edefying of himself his wief and famylye in al thinges
aunswering to his hieghnes good opinion conceyued of you
in thadvauncemewt of virtue and suppressing of vice w/t^out
failing to vse suche discrete quietnes and sober moderatyon in
the premissies as is aforesaid as ye tender his graces pleaswr*
and intend to avoyde his hiegh indignacion and the pmll
and daunger that may ensue to you and eurry of youe for the
contrary
And god saue the King
Endd. Towchinge the Reading of the Byble.
267. CROMWELL TO SIR ROGER TOWNSEND AND
MR. OLVERTON.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 1368. July 13 (1538).
They are to examine the complaints of Robert Burbeck against Robert
Townsend. Cf. Letter 246.
Aftre my right hartye cow/mendaabns Where as complaint
is made vnto the kings Highnes and his most honourable
consell by Robert Burkbek of great riboroughe in the Countie
of Norffo/£, that where the said Robert Burbek hade in Ferme
by Lease to terme therof not yet exp[i]red a certane grond
called sennow oon Robert Touneshend esquier hath not onely
dispossed hym of the same but allso wz't/;holdithe from hym
the some of viii li awarde by arbitrears indiferently elect and
chosen, lyke as it more planly dothe apere by the said bill
whiche I haue sent vnto you herein closed. And Forasmoche
as ther seamithe gret Simplicite and feare in the saide com-
planant and mochc force and extremitie in the saide Touns-
hend. The kings- highnes pleasowr and co;«maundement
is that you shall furthewith call the said parties before you
and so to examyn the mater groundely and substancyally
and that all favowr and effectzbn sett appart you endevowr
yowr sellfs to sett a finall ende and direction according to
equitie and Justice. So that the said complainant haue no
cause eftsones to molest the kings Mazstie ne his ho;/0//rable
cownscll in that behalfe. But that he may haue free accesse
and recesse from tyme to tyme wzt^out any Lett prrturbancc
or molestaczbn of the said tounshend or any of his. And if
the mater shall so stand that ye can not take an ordre therin
the kings plesow is that ye shall certefye hether vnto me
L 3
148 LETTERS OF [1538
and other of his consell of yonr proceding not failing hereof
as his grace trustcthe you. And thus fare you hartely well.
From Chellsethe the xiiilh of Julie.
Yoj/r Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Townshewd & Hcyden knighto
Add. To my Loving Frend^j Sir Roger Townsend knight
Mr. Olverton of Rougham esquier
Endd. The lorde Crumwell
268. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. CaL xiii. (i) 1386. July 16 (1538).
Instructs him to punish the Sacramentaries, if they maintain their
erroneous beliefs. Cf. Letters, 260, 263.
After my right herty cov/mcndac/ons to your lordeship
I have receyved sundry your Ifftercs and right well p^rvsed
and noted the contents thereof Wherby I perceyve that in
the same the \tinges Towne of Calais there is some Infection
of certain p^rsones denyeng the holy sacrament of Christ^
blessed body and blud of suche opinion as cowmonly they
calle Sacramewtaries For remedy whereof the kingrr graciouse
pleasur is that yc shal cause the said pirsones susp<vted to be
thoroughly groundely and substancially examyncd aswcll
vpon the formal as material poinctes thereof and well weyeng
there sayengrj In case it shal appcre vnto you that they woll
maynteyne any crrours agenst the true doctrine ye shal not
only cause them to be punyshed to thexemple of all others
but also provide that no suche errowrs purniciouse be spradd
abrode there but vttcrly suppressed banished and extincted as
it app^rteyneth. I perceyve also of the variaunce betwen
the frere and a preachowr there I Require you likewise to
cause them to be well and formally examyned and there
allegac/ons heard on both parties And therupon [su]che
Inquisition examinac/bn serche and tryall as shalbe ex[pedient]
. . . inges thcrin tadurrtise me w/t// convenient diligence
to thintent I may signefie the same to the king« Ma/Vjtic
and therupon knowe his further pleasur for a direction to be
taken in the same. As for your desires and sutcs I trust to
sende you shortely con fort able worde of his maiesties deter-
minate pleasur suche as I hope shalbe to the satisfaction both
of you and of my lady to whom I praye you to have me
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 149
hertely cowmended. Thus Fare ye right hertely well From
Cheleshith this xvith of July
Yo//r lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lord The Visconte Lisle lord
deputie of the king^j Town and marches of Calais.
269. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (i) 1399. July 17 (1538).
He is to provide the Surveyor with a sufficient number of men, as the
King desires.
After my right hartie cow/mendac/ons to your Lordshipp
Where this berer myn^ assured Frende the Surveyour there
dothe nowe Repayre thither for certain purposes appointed
by the kinges Maiestie, Vnderstanding that he is not yet
Furnisshed of his nomb^r of men which the kinges hieghnes
hathe assigned and I haue sundry tymes Remembered and
Recowmended vnto youe I haue thought mete most hertely
to desire and pray you at the contemplaabn hereof to be his
good Lord and nowe at his being there to take suche order as
he may be no Lenger differred of that wherein your benivolence
may appere vnto him. The kinges Maieste is his good and
gracious Lord, And I being his frende could be gladd that he
might pmreyve himself to fare the better at your Lordshipps
hand for my sake. Thus most hertely Fare you wel from
Chelsheth the xviith daye of July.
\our lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lorde my Lorde Lisle Deputie of
the kinges Towne and Marches of Calais
Endd. tochyng the surveyers romys
270. CROMWELL TO THE BAILIFFS OF THE CITY OF
WORCESTER.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (ii) 4. Aug. I, 1538.
They are to release Richard Rithe, the goldsmith, who was arrested on
suspicion of coining false money, in order that he may appear before
Cromwell and the Council.
In myn harty maner I Cowmende me vnto youe Latingyou
wit the kinges highnes pleasure is that iwmediatly vppon the
150 LETTERS OF
sight hcrof you shall delyucr and puttc (at) libcrtic the bodye
of Richard Rithe Late of Evesham goldsmyth being attached
vppon suspicion of making of false moncye, to thintcnt he maye
appere befor me and others of the kingrj highnes counsail in
the xv"* of St. Michael next cnsuyng. And further his gracrj
pleasure is that you shall vppon the sight herof see that the
said Rithe be restored to all suche gooddrr as at the tyme of
his apprehenc/bn were taken from him, w;t/rout failing. Thus
Fare you wel From Petworth the First of August the XXXth*
yere of the Reign of our Sourraign lord King Henry the
Eight.
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my loving frcendrj the Baylicfrj of the Citie of
Worcester and to all others having any charge of the \t\nges
gaole there.
Endd. My lordrr L*7/rres of the first of August A° xxx"10
to the bayliffrj of Worcestre for the delyveraunce of Richardc
Rith.
271. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Lisle Papers, ii. 126; not in Cal. Aug. 9 (1538).
Concerning the release of a hoy laden with the King's timber, which was
captured by certain Frenchmen.
After my right harty recowmcndacions vnto yowr good
lordship thiese shalbe to aduertise thesamc that I hauc
resceyved your letteres of the vith day of this present monthc
wherin ye write concernyng the hoy that was taken by the
Frenchemen laden w/t/i the kyngrj tymber. And before the
receipt therof I have opteyned a Itttcre of the Ambassadour
of Fraunce directed to the vicount of diepe for the restitucion
of thesame whiche I send unto yowr lordship by the bercr
herof to thentent ye may send furthe thesame w/M all spedc
and cclerite, and that it may please your lordship to adurrtisc
me what expedicon ye shall haue in that behalfe. thus the
blessed Trenyte preserue you. At london the ixlb day of
August.
Yowr lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To the right honowrablc and my veray good lord
the vicount lisle the kingrj deputie at Calays.
Endd. My lord pr/vy sca\\fs
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 151
272. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (ii) 227. Aug. 30 (1538).
Desires him to bring with him to Dover, Thomas Delingcourt, smith of
Calais, who is accused of bad behaviour. Cf. Frontispiece to this
volume.
Aftre my right harty cowmendaabns to your lordship the
\dnges highnes pleasure is that at your cuw/myng to Dover
you shall bring wit// you oone Thomas Delingcourte a Smyth
dwelling in Calayes, who is accused of certain lewd behauor
and shal there be put to his answer for the same. Thus most
hartely Fare you well From Bedgebery the penultime of
August.
"Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lorde the Vicount lisle Deputie of
the k'mgcs Towne and Marches of Calais
273. CROMWELL'S INJUNCTIONS TO THE CLERGY.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (ii) 281. Sept. 5, 1538.
Commands them to set up in every church an English Bible, and to
permit the people to read it freely. They are to recite publicly the
Paternoster and Creed, to preach sermons once every quarter, and to
keep registers of christenings, weddings, and burials. Cf. Letters, 159,
236, 266.
Exhibit quittto die mensw Septe;«bnV anwo domim Mle v°
xxxviij.
IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN By the authorite and com-
mission of the most excellent prince Henry by the grace of god
kynge of Englonde and of frauwce, defensor of the faithe Lorde
of Irelonde and in erthe suprane hedd vndre Christ of the
church of Englonde I Thomas lorde Crumwell, lorde privie scale
Vice-gerent to the kyngfj said highnes for all his Jurisdiction
ecckriasticall within this realme, do for the avauwcement of
the trewe honor of almighty God, encrease of vertu and dis-
charge of the kyngrj maiestie geve and exhibite vnto yow
theise Injunctions folowing to be kept obsrrued
and fulfilled vpon the paynes hereafter declared
First that ye shall trewly obsrrue and kepe all and singwler
the kynges highnes Injunctions geven vnto you heretofore in
my name by his gracrj authorite not only vpon the paynes
therein expressed but also in yo«r defaulte now after this
seconde monition contynewed vpon further punyshment to be
straitly extended towards yow by the kyng^r highnes arbi-
trement or his vicegerent aforsaid
152 LETTERS OF [1538
Item that yc shall prmiidc on thissidc the feast of all
saincttt ' next cuwmyng, one boke of the hole bible of the
largest volume in english, and the same sett vpp in sum con-
venient place witAin the said churche that ye haue cure of
where as yowr parishonrrs may most cowmodiously resorte
to the same and reade yt The charges of whiche boke shalbe
ratably borne betwene yow the parson and the parishonrrs
aforesaid, that is to say the one half by yow and thother half
by them.
Item that you shall discorage no man prively or apcrtely
from the reading or heryng of the said bible but shall ex-
pressely provoke stcre and exhorte curry person to reade the
same as that which is the very lyvely wordc of god, that
eurry christen person is bouwde to enbrace, bcleve and
followe, if they loke to be saved, admonyshing them neurr-
thelesse to avoide all contention and altercation therein, but
to vse an honest sobrietie in thinquisition of the trewe sence
of the same, and to refer thex plication of obscure placr* to
men of higher iugement in scripture.
Item that ye shall eurry sonday and holiday through the
yere openly and playnly recite to yowr parishonrrs twise or
thrise togither or oftener if nede require one particle or sen-
tence of the pater noster or crede in englishe, to thintcnt they
may lerne thesame by harte, and so from day to day geue them
one like lesson or sentence of the same, till they haue lernyd
the hole pater noster and crcdc in englishe by rote And as
they be taught eurry sentence of the same by rote ye shall
expouwde and declare the vnderstandyng of the same vnto
them exhortyng all parents and householders to teche there
children and struauntss thesame as they are bouwde in cow-
science to do, And that done ye shall declare vnto them the
ten comwauwdementrj one by one eurry sonday and holyday
till they be likewise prrfite in the same.
Item that ye shall in cowfcssions eurry lent examyn curry
person that cuwmith to confession vnto you whither they can
recite the articles of owr faithc and the pater noster in englishe
and here them say the same particularly Wherein if they be
not prrfite, ye shall declare to the same, that curry christen
person ought to knowe thesame before they shuld receyve
the blessid sacrament of the aulter, And monyshc them to lerne
the same more prrfitely by the nexte yere folowing Or else
like as they ought not to prrsume to cum to goddrj boorde
w>t/cout prrfite knowlege of the same, and if they do yt is to
the grete prrill of there sowles, so ye shall declare vnto them
1 Altered from ' Christmas.'
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 153
that ye loke for other injunctions from the kyngej highnes by
that tyme to stay and repell all suche from goddes boorde as
shalbe fouwde ignorant in the premisses Wherof ye do thus
admonyshe them, to thintent they shuld bothe eschewe the
perill of there sowles and also the wordely rebuke that they
might incurre hereafter by the same
Item that ye shall make or cause to be made in the saide
churche and curry other cure ye haue one sermon every quarter
of a yere at the least wherein ye shall purely and syncerely
declare the very gospell of christ, and in the same exhorte
yowr herers to the worker of charite marcy and faithe specially
prescribed and comwauwded in scripture, and not to repose
there trust or affiance in any other worker devised by mens
phantasies besydej scripture, as in wanderyng to pilgremagej
offeryng of money candellej or tapers to Images or reliques or
kissing or lickyng the same, saying over a nombre of beades
not vndrestanded ne mynded on or in suchelike superstition
For the doyng wherof ye not only haue no premise of
rewtfrde in scripture but contrarywise grete threaten & male-
dictions of god, as things tendyng to Idolatry and superstition,
which of all other offences god almighty doth most detest and
abhorr for that the same diminisheth most his honowr and
glorie
Item that suche Images as ye knowe in any of your cures
to be so abused with pilgremage.? or offr'mges of anything made
therevnto, ye shall for avoiding of that most detestable offence
of Idolatrie furthwith take down and deley And shall suffer from
hensforth no candellej tapers or Images of waxe to be sett
afore any Image or picture, But only the light that comenly
goeth a crosse the churche by the roode lofte, the light afore the
sacramewt of the altare and the light about the sepulchre
which for thadowrnyng of the churche and divine seruice ye
shall suffre to remayn still, admonyshing your parishoners that
Images serve for no other purpose but as to be bookes of
vnlerned men that can no letters, Wherby they might be other-
wise admonished of the lives and conuersaa'on of them that
the said Images do represent whiche Images if they abuse for
any other intent, than for suche remembraunces they com;;/ytt
Idolatry in the same to the grete dauwger of there sowles And
therfor the kynges highnes graciously tenderyng the weale of
his subiectej sowles hath in parte alredy and more will here-
after travaill for the abolishing of suche Images as might be
occasion of so greate an offence to god and so gret dauwger
to the sowles of his loving subiectej
Item that in all suche benefices or cures as ye haue where-
vpon ye be not yourself resident ye shall appoint suche
154 LETTERS OF [1538
curat/j in your stedc, as bothc can by there habilitc and will
also promptely execute these Injunctions And do there dutie
otherwise that ye ar bou«de to do in every behalf accordyngly,
and may pr^uffite there cure no lesse with good exemple of
lyving than with declaration of the worde of god. Or els
there lack and defaulter shalbe imputed vnto yow who shall
straytcly answere for the same if they do otherwise
Item that ye shall admytt no man to preache within any
of your beneficrj or cures but suche as shall appere vnto
yow to be sufficiently licencyd thervnto by the kyngrj highnes
or his gracrj authorite, by tharchbisshop of Cantrr^wry or the
bisshop of this dlocfsf. And suche as shalbe soe licenced yc
shall gladly receave to declare the worde of god without any
resistence or contradiction
Item if ye have heretofore declared to yo//r parishonrrs
anything to thextollyng or settyng furthe of pilgremagrr,
rcliqucs or Images or any suche superstition ye shall now
openly afore the same recante and reprove the same, shewing
them (as the trewthe is) that ye did the same vpon no grouwde
of scripture, but as one beyng ledd and seduced by a cow wen
error and abuse crept into the church through the sufferaunce
and avarice of suche as felt proffit by the same.
Item if you do or shall knowe any man wit/tin your p^rishe
or els where that is a letter of the worde of god to be redd
in englishe, or syncerely preached, or of thexecution of theise
iniuwctions, or a seruitor of the bisshop of Romes prr/r«sed
powre now by the lawes of this realme iustely reiected and
extirped, ye shall detect and present the same to the kyngrr
highnes or his honorable couwsaill or to his vicegerent afor-
said or to the Justice of peax next adioyni»g
Item that yow and eurry parson vicare or curate within
this diocfsc shall for euery churche kepe one boke or registre
wherin ye shall write the day and yere of every weddyng
christcnyng and buryeng made w/tX/in yowr parishe for yowr
tyme, and so eu/ry man succcdyng yow lykewise. And shall
there inscrte eurry prrsons name that shalbe so weddid
christened or buried, And for the sauff keping of the same
bokc the parishe shalbe bou»de to praiide of there comwcn
charge one sure coffer with twoo lock*r and keys wherof the
one to rcmayn w»t^ you, and thothcr with the saidc wardens,
wherein the saidc boke shalbe laide vpp. Whiche boke yc
shall every sonday take furthe and in the presence of the said
wardens or one of them write and rccordc in the same all the
weddings christenyngrj and buryengtt made the hole wcke
before And that done to lay vpp the bokc in the said coffer as
afore And for eurry tyme that the same shalbe omytted the
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 155
partie that shalbe in the faulte therof shall forfett to the said
churche iij s iiiij d to be emploied on the reparation of the
same churche.
Item that ye shall ones euery quarter of a yere rede these
and the other former iniuwctions geven vnto you by authorite
of the kyngrj highnes, openly and deliberatly before all your
parishomrs to thintent that both yow by the same may be
the better admonyshed of yowr dewtie and yowr said parish-
oners the more incited to ensewe the same for there parte.
All whiche and singwler injunctions I mynistre vnto you
and your successors by the kyngrj highnes authorite to me
committed in this parte whiche I charge and comwauwde yow
by the same auct0r/te to obsrrue and kepe vpon peyne of
deprivation, sequestration of yowr huctcs or suche oth^r
cohertion as to the kyngcs highnes or his vicegerent for the
tyme beyng shalbe seen convenient
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Endd. Injunctions devysed by the Lord Crumwell Vice-
gerent to the Kinge for all his Jurisdiction ecclesiasticall
274. CROMWELL TO (LORD HuNGERFORo)1.
Longford Castle MSS. ; not in Cal. Sept. 21 (1538).
He is to have Richard Henley indicted at the next assizes. The proctor
of the ' Charthuse ' is to hold his office only during good be-
haviour. Promises to mediate between Hungerford and the Earl of
Huntingdon. Cf. Letter 279.
By your lettres of the i6th of this present delivered unto
me by this berer your servant I perceyve the cancred malice
of Richard Henly agenst the kings supreme auctorite for the
usurped power of the grete ydole of Rome I commende moche
your good diligence and vigilancy in your preceding used in
that behalf Requiring you that at the next commyng in that
countrey of the Justices of assise ye cause him to be indicted
and further processe to be made agenst hym so that he may
be to the terrible example of like presumptuouse & trayterouse
persons punished according to his demerites as the lawe right
and justice do require. As touching (the) procter of the
Charthuse whereof ye be stuarde my mynde was never by
my lettres nor otherwise expressed that he shuld contynewe
there onles he be of such fidclite to the house in the .good
administracon of his office and of such honest conversacon
both towards them and other as apperteyneth. And in cas
he be so or if he hath ben otherwise and woll ernestly emende
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
156 LETTERS OF [i
T wold be glad he myght contynewe there according to myn
intercession bifore made for hym. If he be not so honestly
disposed I woll in nowise support hym but rather wold be
sory that he shuld hynder the house or contynewe therein to
the slaunder of the countrey. Concerning your mater betwene
my lord of Huntingdon and you I shalbc content at all tymes
to employe meself ernestly to bring you togeder and to be
a meane that both your titles may be shewed and loked
upon and so to assaye to my power that the right title maye
prevaile and you to remayne good freendes at the last. At
this next cummyng hither I woll be in hande with hym for
the same in such wise that I trust ye shal have your right
conserved as to right and conscience shal apparteyne and as
ye shal have cause to be contented.
Penshurst, 21 Sept.
Signed.
275. CROMWELL TO (CRANMER).
Strype1, Ecd. Menu, i. I. 497; not in Cal. Sept. 30 (1538).
Requests him to charge the clergy of his diocese to obey the King's late
Injunctions. Cf. Letter 273.
After my right hearty commendations unto your Lordship.
Whereas the King's Highnes being informed as well of the
negligent observation of the former injunctions, exhibited to
the Clergy of that diocese, as also of the further continuance
of superstition and idolatry in the same, and minding, like
as to his office most appertaineth, the expurgation of untrue
religion, and the abolishment of all abuses, crept into the
same ; hath willed and commanded me to put forth by his
Grace's authority, to all his Clergy and subjects within this
realm, certain other injunctions to be kept and observed of
the same upon their further peril. These shall be therefore
as well to advertise your Lordship, as also of the King's
Highness behalf, to charge and command the same, that
calling before you or your commissaries, at days and places
convenient, the whole Clergy of that diocese, ye do exhibit
and put forth on the King's Highness behalf, and by his
Graces authority, these injunctions, whereof ye shall receive
a Copy herewith and may send whereas they be printed for
as many more, as will serve to give every Curate within that
dioce'se : straitly charging every of the same, inviolably to
1 The reference given in the document from which it was tran-
Ecclesiastical Memorials to the scribed, and 1 have made this copy
original of this letter is incorrect, from Strype.
1 have been unable to discover the
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 157
observe the said injunctions, upon the pains therein expressed.
In default whereof, they may look for no like indulgence, as
they have had hitherto by violation of the other, but earnest
coercion and severity to be extended towards them, for
both contempts together : And that ye fail not this the
King's Highness pleasure and commandment effectually to
put forth, execute, and accomplish, without any dissimulation
negligence or remiss handling, as ye intend to answer to the
King's Majesty, for the contrary thereof at your peril. And
thus most heartily fare you well. From London the last of
September.
Your Lordship's friend,
THOMAS CRUMWEL
276. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 213 ; Cal. xiii. (ii) 621. Oct. 16, 1538.
Informs him that the King is desirous to conclude an alliance with the
Emperor, and requests him to declare Henry's friendship to Charles.
After my right herty cow/mendaczons After the receipte of
your \ftteres by Mr. Masson vpon the significaobn made to
the King^j Ma/V^te by the Quene Regente of the receipte
of Themperours commission and of his good & singular
affection to precede syncerely and conclude all things as
their amytie Requireth. The K'mges highnes after the
sending of Mr. Wrysley and Mr. Vaughan in to Flaundres
wz't// commission and power to treatie and conclude wttJt the
said Regente hath advised ernestly to Joyne w*t/* themp^owr.
and therfor despqched this berer his trusty s^ruaunt Mr. Hobby
oon of the gromes of his graorj pryve chambrf w*t/* \etteres
and Instructions. His grace thanking you for your grete
diligence and dexterite heretofore vsed Requireth you at this
tyme ernestly to precede to the declaraa'on of his good
affection and purpose whiche I assure you is as syncere and
fervent ernest and effectuel as could be desired and also of
the hole Instructions whiche do precede of the very botom^
of his good hert and pure stomacke Nowe is the tymc that
by thesame ye may moch^ further the matiers and gett
yowrself mochr prayse and estimaczbn the which I wold be
gladd for the desire I have of yowr furtherawce no lesse
then ever I hadd myght be accomplished and don bifore
March for at that tyme I trust according to yo//r desire to
gett you leave to com hither agayn and that the Kingrj
Ma/Vjte shal sende som other to supplie your Rowme there
wherfor assaye so ernestly to sett those things forcward . as.
ye maye encreace your estimac/on therby The kingrc highnes
158 LETTERS OF [1538
had sent masson vnto you in stede of this said bcrer were it
not the chaunce that he is cvill diseased of a fever like as by
his owne \fttftcs ye shal prrceyve. All occurrence here the
said Mr. Hobby maye declare vnto you at large and amplely
I mistrust not your diligence Wherfor w/t/route longer ex-
hortac/on 1 commend e you to our blessed crcatowr who sende
you p/vsperite & long lift" From london this xvi* of October
the XXXth yer* of his grace most noble Regne
Yo//r l assuryd louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To myn assured loving Freend air Thomas Wyat
Knight gentilman of the Kinge Chambre And his grace
ambassadowr w/t// Themprrowr.
Endd. from my lorde previe seal the xvi*11 of October.
'277. (CROMWELL) TO SIR WM. SULYARD, JUSTICE OF
FLINT, AND ROGER BRERETON, SHERIFF OF THE SAME.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (ii) 645. Oct. 19 (1538).
Desires them to send Hugh Whit ford and Mr. Harrison to the King, in
order that their quarrel concerning the parsonage of Whitford may
be settled.
In my Ryght hartie manrr I cow/mende me vnto you And
where it is not unknowen tkot the Kinge magestye hathe
longe tyme in the ryght and tytle of his crowne bene in
possessyon by his Royall prrrogatyve to gyue at his grace
is pleasure, all manrr of be/wfyces beyng voyde of any bys-
shops gyfte w/t//in this Realme, duryng the vacacyon of ye
same bysshopriche, whercapon his highnes aboute this tyme
iii ycres beyng enformyd that the pdrsonaige of Whytforde
in the dyoce of Saynt assaphe was then voyde by resignac/on,
the said bysshopriche allso beyng voyde pleasyd his grace
to gyue the same parsonaige of Whytforde to A scoler of
his awne A stewdent in oxforde callyd Heughe Whytforde
vtAich by vertue & strenghe of the Kyng« gyfte haue bene
lawfully Instytutyd and in cowtynuall possessyon of the same
///is iii yfres on Januarye next w///ch notw/t//stondyng ther*
is one Mr. Henryson by tytle and cullor of an aduocat/bn
by the bysshop of Saynt assaphe in his lyfe grauntyd dothe
make tytle to the same bewrfice Intendyng not onely to
abayte the said Royall prrrogatyve wherof the kingrr grace
hathe bene in possession by tytle of his crowne tyme out of
mynd but also to evynce and recoiur Me same be/rrfycc
1 t. o. lordshippe*
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 159
frome the kynges scoler aforenamyd, con/nm'e to ryght
Justice & good cowscyence, And dothe therefor maynteyn an
actyon of quare Impedit before you in flyntshire to the grete
treble and vexation of the kynges scoler and let of his Icrnyng
Wherefore the kinges pleasure is that Immedyately after the
Syght hereof you do Surcese and cause the partie to surces
frome any further sute in t/tat countye for t/iat benefice
Seyng it dothe concrme the ryght tytle & interest of his
crowne, and to remyt both the parties & their sayd matter
w/t/i thappwrtenawc^j to his highenes there to taike suche fynall
order & detrrmynaczbn as hit shall please his magestye in
that behalfe or any othrr to whome it shall please hym to
co;«myt the same. And this not to fayle as ye tender his
pleasure At london etc. the xix111 daie of October
Add. To my lovinge frend^j Mr. Sullyard Justice of the
countie of flynt. & rog^r brereton sheryf of the same £ to
either of thew.
278. CROMWELL TO <DR. LEGH) AND WILLIAM
CAVENDISH.
R. O. Cal. xiii. (ii) 764. Nov. 6, 1538.
They are to dissolve the monasteries of St. Osyth and Colchester in Essex,
and put one in the hands of the Lord Chancellor, and the other in the
hands of the Chancellor of the Augmentations.
After my harty commendations, thiese shall be to aduertise
you that the kinges grac^r pleasure is that with convenient
spede ye repairing to the Monasteries of Saynct Oses and
Colchistrr shall for certayn reformation and other considera-
tions Which his grace intendith as well there as in other places,
dissolue and take the same to his vse. And by your dis-
cretions considering the age qualities cowditions and towardnes
of the prrsones there shall assigne vnto theym their awnuall
pensions, and all other thinges doo according to his graces
cow/mission to you in this behalf directed. Not omitting to
putt my Lorde Cha/mcellar or his depute in possession of one
of the said monasteries, and Mr. Chawncellar of thaugmewta-
tions or his depute in possession of the other to our said
sou^raigne Lorde the Kinges vse accordingly. Thus Fare ye
hertely well. From London the vith of Nouembre the XXXth
(yere of) his grao-j most noble Regne.
Yo«r louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my Louing Frendrj Mr. [Doctoar Lee] and
Will/am Cauendish and to eu^ry of theym
160 LETTERS OF [1538
279. (CROMWELL) TO (LORD HUNGERFORD) >.
Longford Castle MSS.; not in Cal. Nov. n (1538).
He is to detain the traitor priest Richard Henley in prison until the
next assizes. Cf. Letter 274.
Whcras by your lettres of the vi1* of this present sent unto
me by this bercr your scrvaunt I do pcrceave that nowe lately
you have committed to prison a prest called Sir Richard
Henly for certain traiterouse and sediciouse wordes spoken by
him as more at large appcarcth by a bill of articles sent unto
me with your said lettres. Thiese shalbe to signifie unto you
the kinges Highnes pleasour is that the sayd prest do still
remayn in wardc until the comming downe of the Judges in
Eyre who shall at the next Assise there to be holden by
special! commission here and cxamync the said articles and
so determync the same as Justice shall require in that bihalf.
And as concerninge the matier in variauncc betwixt you and
my lorde of Huntington you shal undrcstond that oone of the
Arbitrators elected and chosen to be here and cxamyne the
same is departed this worlde yet ncvertheles I doubte not but
that I with the rest of the saidc Arbitratours shall at laysour
and tyme convenient take such ordre and directions thcrin as
shall be to your good satisfaction.
London, n Nov.
280. CROMWELL TO (SiR BRIAN TUKE).
R. O. Cal. xiii. (ii) 903. Nov. 24, 1 538.
He is to deliver .£1,000 to Mr. Gostwick for the Bishop of Winchester.
In my right hartie maner I commend me vnto youe,
Aducrtising the same, the kinges hieghnes pleasowr and cow-
maundc;//<v/l is, that of the two thowsand poundcs being in
yowr hanoVj and custodye Whereof yow and I had comw////i-
cac/on yesterdaye, yow do indilayedly delyver or cawse to be
dclyvered oon* thowsand pounde vnto Mr. Gostwyke to be
payed by him vnto my lordc of Winchestre. And these my
\ftteres with a bill also of the sayd Mr. Gostwyk/j hand
mencioniwg the receipte of the same, shalbe vnto you a dis-
chardge in that bihalf Thus fare youe hertely well From
London the xxiiij"1 daye of Novembre in the XXXth yere of
the kingrr hieghnes moost noble Reigne.
Yowr louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 161
281. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Hart. MSS. 282, f. 217 ; CaL xiii. (ii) 924. Nov. 28, 1538.
Informs him of the arrests of Exeter and Montague. Describes the trial
and burning of a Sacramentary (John Lambert). Requests aid for
John Toles and Richard Fermour in their suits.
Mr. Wyat after my very herty co;«mendaa'ons I have
receyved by this bearer Nicolas the Currowr your let feres
directed to the kingrj highnes signed by you and my
freende Hoby and also an other \cttcrz in Siphrc the
whiche have ben both delyvred vnto his Ma/Vjte like as
by thanswere his grace sendeth vnto you ye may amplely
knowe. Doubteles I thinke no nede to Require you to vse
your accoustumed dexterite in setting furth of the same after
yo//r best sorte and to vtter euery point thereof in such termes
ordre and place as vpon the disposition inclinac/on answcrcs
occurrence and circus/stance there ye shal by your discre-
tion knowe most conveniewt to bring his Maiesties purposes
to passe and to the conclusion his highnes most desireth.
I assure you yo;/r diligence and dexterite to be vsed therin
shalbc mochc cowmendcd and praysed if as my hope is the
things by yonr good setting furth maye take effect neu^r-
theles thesame to be thanckfully taken howesoever the
matieres shal succedc for it is well knowen ye wante no good
hert and alacrite and that his Ma/ete counsydereth well and
cowtynueth your graciouse and benigne Lorde. For my part
ye may be certain that I beare vnto you no lesse good will
and syncere affection that I was wount, theffect hath been
and shalbe my witnes thereof. Concernyng the two hundred
pounds which ye lent to Sir Fraunce Brian whosoever
ought them I have desbowrsed them and paide to Mr. Bon-
vixi. Other men make in maner of their debte myn owne
for very oft where they have borowed I am fayned to paye,
Ye have to myn opinion by the waye of Flaundres ben
aduertised howe the lorde Marquis of Exceto//;- and the lorde
Montagu \vit/i a sorte of their adherers of mean estat and no
estimaabn gretely have ben cowmaunded to the Towre to
prison there, For sundry grete crymes of lese maicste traytcr-
ousely Imagined and vttred as fcrre as they durst agenst the
kinge Royal person, his yssue his counseill and the hole
Realme so that it abhorreth any man to heare of it and the
same their offences bee not known by light suspic/on but by
certain proves and confessions. I doubte not but whan their
conspirations shalbe disclosed and their ingratitudes towards
the king their souuerayn lorde to the which they (ought) to
geve most humble thanke for all that they had and for that
MEMIMAN. II M
LITTERS OF [1538
state they were in all honest hcrte shal have abhominacA>n
at their miserable wrctchcdncs and trayterouse malice
Other occurrence of importauncc we have non here. The
king« Ma/etc my lorde prince grace my ladyes his doughtcrs
and the rest of his counseill be all mcry and in good pros-
perite, The xvith dayc of this present, the kinge Ma/etic for
the Reverence of the holy sacramc//t of thai tar did sett
openly in his hall and there presided at the disputacion pro-
cesse and Jugemewt of a myscrable herctik sacramcwtary who
was brent the xxth of the same moneth It was a woundcr to
sec howe princely wj't/i howe excellent grauite and Inestiw/able
maiestc his highnes exrrciscd there the very office of a
suprrme hed of his church of Englandc Howe benignely his
grace assayed to converte the miserable man howe strong and
manifeste reasons his highnes alleged agcnst him I wished the
prince and potentate of Chro/rndom to have have l a meate
place for them there to have seen it vndoubtcdly they shuld
have moch merveilled at his Maiestes most highe wisedom and
Jugeme«t and reputed hym non otherwise after thcsame then
in maner the Mirocr and light of all other kinge and prince
in Chrw/cndom Thesame was openly don w/t// grete sole;//nitc
wherby I doubt not but som of your frcende that have good
leaswrr shal by their lr//rres adurrtise you of the hole dis-
co//rs thereof. So w/t//oute further recit (Save to signifie vnto
you that forasmochc as it is by sundry complaincte shewed
vnto the kinge Ma/ete that his grace subiccte John Tolcs,
Richard Fermowr and othir their consorte merchaunte of
London and besidrj them sundry of his grace subiecte both
of this Realme and other dominions be protracted there w/'t//-
oute any expedy[ci]on of sundry proccs and sute they hauc
touching many deprcdac/bns and Roberyes by thcmprrowrs
subiecte committed agenst (them) as It is like they hauc had
recowrs som of them vnto you ye shal at yo//r oportunc
occasion after dispeche of his grace affaires take your tymc
to sollicite Thempmv/r to ordcyne that they may have brefe
Justice and Reason by his Juge mynystrcd vnto them there
and that they may be no lenger traded and dilayed in their
sute to the vttcr vndoing of som of them the kinge highnes
hath graunted vnto them a let/ere to the said emptrour of the
same tenowr requiring hym to cause Justice to be ministred
vrit/t declarac/on that his Ma/etc hath appoinctcd you to
sollicite their expedition, ye shal do well and charitably to
helpe them of your Intercession both to thcmpmv/r and
to his prive counseill tobtcync shortc jugcmcnt and final
stc.
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 163
cnde in their matiers, Also to desire you that ye shal call
vpon thempmwr to sende Instructions full and ample in to
Flaundres for expedition of the matiers and that the king^r
highnes ambassadors shal not Remayne ther* w*t//oute busy-
nes but evermore precede to thexpedition of there affaires.
Not faylyng after your accoustumed fashon to vse diligence
in geving aduertissemewt of all the answeres ye shall have
there occurrence and other things whereof ye may atteync
any knowlege being of any Importaunce) I cowmitte you to
our blessed Lord^r custodye and keping who preserve you.
From London this xxviijth daye of Noue;«ber 1538.
At the tyme of the cowdewmaabn of the Sacramewtary the
kingly highnes caused som pnrclamaczbns to be made the copie
whereof in prynte ye shal receyve hirewzt//.
Your assuryd louyng freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very loving freend Sir Thomas Wyat Knight
The Kinge Ambassadowr w/'t/: Thempm>ttr.
Endd. From my lorde previe seal the xxviii of Nove/wbrr
by NicrWas the Couriowr
282. CROMWELL TO JOHN RUSSELL.
Library of William Berington, Esq., of Little Malvern Court ; not in Cal.
Dec. 7, 1538.
Has been informed that the bearer has been discharged from the position
he held in the Marches of Wales. Desires Russell to admit him again
to the office, to hold it alone or jointly with Humphrey Calfield.
Mr Russell after my hartie Recowmendacyons where as on
the behalfe of a ryght towarde yonge man Edwarde Bashe (?)
this Berer I am enfowrmed that heretofore he hath exercysed
the Rowme and offyce of your deputy or clarke in the kynges
Ulajestes signet in the Marches of Walys And that vppon
certeyn contraversies attempted betwixt your son and the
saide Edwarde yow discharged hym of any further Intcr-
medlyng vnder yowe And for as moche as he is avauncyd to
the parfect knowledge of the saide office and a parsone hable
to do the kynges highnes acceptable s^rvyce in that office and
therunto is well anymated I shall therfore hartely requyre and
desire you at the Contemplacyon of thise my L^/teres and for
my sake to admyt accept and allowe the saide Edwarde in to
the saide offyce as your deputye wzt//owt further protracte
of tyme or at the Leste to admyt the saide Edwarde Joyntly
occupier therof w/t^ one humfrey Calfield now -your deputy
M i
164 LETTERS OF [i
and that the saidc Edwardc receyvyng benefit at yowr hand<\r
as the moment of my rcquysicion dothe importe (dowte yc
not) I shall have your gratuytye theryn in Remembraunce not
to be forgottyn yow may be sure whensoever the tyme and
case shall so requyre And thus hartely fare ye well from
London the vii"1 of Decembre the thirty year of the kyng«
"M.ajfstfs moste noble reign
Yowr lovyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my Lovyng frende John Russell Esquyer the
Kyng« Secretary of the Marches of Walys.
283. (CROMWELL) TO .
R. O. Cal. xiii. (ii) 1004. (Dec. 1538.)
Concerning the payment of a debt owed to the husband of the recipient
by the late Marquis of Exeter. Advice about the disposition of her
property at her death.
Aftre my right harty commendations Ye shall vnderstande
that according vnto your desier I haue moved the kingrj
highnes for the payment of suche somes of Money as the Late
Marquis of Excestre owghte vnto my Loving Freend your
Husbande whose soule god pardon and haue foundc his
highnes veray good in that bchalfe. Like as my Loving
srruaunt Will/am Button the bearer herof shall forther
declare vnto you. And Forasmoche as at all tymes I haue
borne my good mynde and will aswcll vnto you as to yo//r
said Husbonde eucr being glade to see you do well, And now
do consider that ye be sickelye and brokne with age, and also
that ye haue possession and great substance of good & whiche
like as ye haue honestlye and wiselye Vsed and ordered them
in your Lyef tyme Yf the same shuld be smored or mys-
ordered after your decease it were great pitye and displeasour
to yo//r Freendes and to suche as Loue you, I can do no lessc
then declare vnto you this mynr advyce and Counsaile, that
now bifore the Fcrvcntnes and outerage of sicknes do moleste
and vex your mynde, Ye quietly Despose and ordre aswell
your goodes and Rychesse as your Landes and Heridita-
metttfs Wherbye your Freendes may Fare the better, and
your selfe more quiet in mynde to make you mete to god,
whiche thinge avoyding worldely cures from you shall
nothing shorten your dayes of Leving, But rather prolonge
the same. And wheras my said Loving seruaunt this bearer
is your Freend and allyauncc, and I know him to be a man
whiche vndowtedly mochc tenderithe your honestye and good
1538] THOMAS CROMWELL 165
fame in defence wherof he hathe paste suche stormes as some
man wolde not haue doom? to wynne therby great somes of
money, the specialties wherof albeit I doubt nothing but ye
know p^rfetly to be trew, Yet I shall require you to here
him therin and to geue forther credence vnto him aswell in
this matter as in other whiche he shall opynne to you more
playnelye And for his trewithe I thinke ye can not Fynde
suche a nother so mete to be oone of them that shuld haue
the ordre and disposioon aswell of your goodes as of your
Landes. Considering the good honesty and fydelitie that
I know to be in the man and also that he is your alyauns and
suche oon as your Husbonde dyd moche favor. Thiese shalbe
to Desyer you that ye who haue shewed your selfe a wise
woman hietherto do not forget and ouershote yourselfe now
in your olde dayes but be ordered by my said advyce and
Counsaile Havinge sent my said smirtunt your alyauns vnto
you for the setting forwarde and p^rformaunce of the said
purpose Whom I doubt not but ye shall fynde bothe Faithfull
and trustye, and mete for the same And forther I shall
require you taduertise me by him in writing of your good
conformitie and agrement herunto Wherby I may haue cause
to set forwarde aswell your said sute vnto the King^ Mai^rtie
and to accompleshe the same, as to preferre and forther all
your other sutar as occasion shall srrue. Thus Fare ye right
Hartelye well From
284. (CROMWELL) TO (THE COUNCIL OF THE NORTH).
R. O. CaL xiii. (i) 2. ( 1 537 or 1538.' >
Instructions concerning the valuation and disposition of the goods and
chattels of persons attainted in the north, and concerning the
appointment of an auditor. A fragment.
Furth if any of the gooddes conteyned in the scedule be
praised to a more value thenne they be worthe or alleaged
soo to be, you shall cause the same to be indifferently
praised again by iiii honest indifferent prrsonnes, soo as the
said Acco;«ptanter woll abide the like touching other things
that be praised vnder the value whiche in cace they woll seke
any relief by that meanes you shal also put in vre.
Fifte as concernyng the gooddrj sold by the said late
Sheriff under the iust value of the same onles you canne
prove aperte fraude in the doing therof his maieste wold not
therw/t// charge his accowptawtar further thenne witA the
payment of the money receyved for them, whiche reason
requireth.
1 sic ; see Notes.
166 ! I.TTKRS OF [i
Sixt if you shall by examynac/on fynde that there cam to
thandrt of the said late Sheriff* more goodes & catallrr thcnnc
be cowteyned in the sccdule his pleasure is you shall make
also a charge thcrof and annex it in a codicill to the sccdule
Joyncd w/t/r the cow/mission, preceding in suchc wise thcrin
as it may apperc that his highnes rcquireth rather Icssc tlienne
more thcnne might iustly be Demaunded from him suchc
respecte his Ma^-Jte hathc to the srruicc don by the said late
Shircflf in the tyme of the late rebellion in those parties.
And his grace wol that you shall take like ordre for the
gooddrj of the said prrsonncs attainted rcmayning in Richc-
mowdshirr and other liberties thoughe the names of the per-
sonnes nor the particulers of the gooddrj be not contcyncd
in the sccdule annexed to the commission In whiche pointe
you be thoughe to be very scrupulous that being there coun-
sailors wold suffre his highnes to lose his right whiche might
be recouped by your industries for want of auctoritie by
sper/all cow/mission to loke to that indifferently and honestly
that might redounde to his gracrj iust benefits.
Finally as touching the Audito//r his grace is content you
shall (appoint) some Audito//r of those parties whom yc shal
thinke mete a«d if there be none such you be thought (to)
be menne that canne make a iust plane accompte whiche in
this case may srrue and shall be as well accepted being true
and subscribed w/'tA yo//r handcs as thoughe it were paynted
•witJt the gaye forme of the best Auditowrj that might be
appointed For that purpose And thus Fare
285. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. HarL MSS. 282, f. 160; CaL xiv. (i) 93. Jan. 19, 1539.
Informs him that his return to England is deferred till April. Advises
him to be patient and more careful in the expenditure of money.
Desires him to obtain the Emperor's answer to the King's letters as
soon as possible.
After my right hcrty cowmcndac/ons I have receyved
yowr k//rres, by this bearer Nicolas and sett furth the matter
of yo//r Rctournat Marche next and my sute notwithstanding
it is differred tyll Aprill as yc shal prrceyve by the kingrr
lr//rrcs who l mau'ste taketh yo//r diligence and active alacritc
there in good part sending you answer of his graces pleas///r
in all things as by his said \cttercs ye shal prrccyve I doubte
not but yc shal duely discharge yowr duetie in the setting
furth thereof as ye have don hitherto. I advise you to take
1 sif, for ' whose.'
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 167
patiently your abode there tyll Aprill and to sende me worde
what money ye shal nede to have sent vnto you for I shal
helpe you. Assuri«g you that I could not see you that
went and hath abyden there honestly furnished to Retowrne
home and at the later ende to retowne nedy and disfurnished
I do better tender the kingcs honour, and esteme you better
then so to suffre you to lacke. Advising you nevertheles, that
I thinke your gentil franck hert doth moche empovrishe
you whan ye have money ye are content to departe w/t/*
it and lende it as ye did lately ii°° dzvl to Mr Hobby
the which I thinke had no nede of them for he had large fur-
nishemcwt of money at his departure hens and likewise at
his Retowm We acoustume not to sende men disprovided so
ferre. Take hede therfore howe ye departe of such portion
as ye nede. And forsee, rather to be provided yo//rself. then
for the prouision of other to leave yo//rself nacked, politike
charite pr^ccdeth not that waye. If ye shal adu<?;-tise me
what suwmes ye shal nede I shal take a waye that ye shal
be furnished. I Require you to sollicite an answere of
Thcmprro///- to tenow of the kingrj lef/eres and as shortely
as ye can and as often as ye maye have oportunite to ad-
uertise his Ma*V.rtie amplely of all occurrcwte? Thus Fare
ye hertely well From London this xixth of January 1538.
Your assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very loving freend sir Thomas Wyat Knight
oonr of the gentil men of the king^r Chawber And his graces
ambassador w/t// Themp^/-o?/r.
286. CROMWELL TO EDMUND HARVELL.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 104. Jan. 21, 1539.
Instructions for negotiations for a league of England with the Duke of
Urbino and other Italian States against the Pope. The marginal
notes are in another hand.
Instrucc/ons by the lord Crumwell lord pryvey Scale geven
vnto his trusty and loving frende Edmond Haryvell And sent
the xxi111 of January the XXXth yerr of the kingtt most noble
Rcgne.
Whcr by sundry reaportrj and Informac/ons made vnto the
said lordc Crumwell, aswell of the good lernyng, dexteritc,
prudence, circumspection, vertues and other good qualities as
1 i. e. 200 ducats.
168 I.KTTKRS OF [1539
also of the good zelc, affection and fidclite, the said Edmowd
1 1 a r\ veil bcircth towards his sourrain lord and prince, And the
wcalthc of his naturall Cuwtrcy, his lordship cstemyng hym
worthy his highnes gracious favowr, & to be put in crcdict,
hath thought at this tymc to give vnto hym the charge
and Commission of certain suchc his maicstics affaires as
folowe.
First his lordship doubtcth not but the said Edmond Hary-
vell knoweth amply, the greate reasonable and Importaunt
Causes vpon the whiche his grace, by the advice and assent of
his hole Realme, hath spoken of, and put awaye the hcyvy
yoke of that vsurped Auctorite1, whiche the bishop of Rome
vscd vpon his said Realme and to take vpon his maicstye the
dignitye of supreme hede of the churche of the same belong-
ing to the imprriall Corone therof, wherby his maiestye hathe
hitherto avoyded a greate part of suche suprrsticion, Idolatry,
and other execrable abvses crept and planted by litle and
litle amongrr his grac^r subiectrj, by the crafty and deceytfull
conveyaunce of the said bishop2 of Rome and his adherents,
who do regard nothing but to fulfyll their covetouse avarice
and insaciable mynd for the whiche doings the said bishop
(as his lordship is adurrtised) entending to recourr and mayn-
teyn his tyranny aswell vpon his grace as other princes
Realmes, hath conceyved an extreme furious malice against
his maiestye, and contynually studyeth and maligneth, howc he
might annoye or greve hym w/t^ anye meanes possible. And
albeit his highnes dothc in no wise feare any of his Cen-
sures attewptatrj or othrr malicious & dcvilishe machinac/ons,
knowing that all the popishe power is not hable to hurt his
grace, bothe for the strength of his Realme, and also because
(whiche is the chief ground to stand & fix vpon) his highnes
taketh the part of trueth, whiche is god, who delyurrrth itself
ahvaies, yet neurrtheles his maiesty, being of that godly dis-
posic/on that he wold not only the same tyranny of the see of
Rome shuld be so repressed and the power so moderate that
the syncere word of god and the gospell shuld be no further
oppressed by their pardons suprrsticions tryfellrj and abuses,
and that the princej of christendome might enioye the auctorite
of them gevyn by god hym self but also his highnes wold be
lothc to see any other king or prince Iniustly gorma//dcd,
oppressed or oiurthrown by the popish tyranny spnially in
their rightfull causes. Insomoche that his grace wold be glad
1 In the margin : The king re- * In the margin : The Pope en-
jecting the usurped Authentic of deavours to re-introduce his supcr-
the Pope takes vpon him to be stitious Religion into England and
supreme head of the Church other kingdomes
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 169
to make supporte l subvention and confort vnto them to resist
his malice, And by all meanesto his highnes possible Frendely
employe hym self, that the said Tyranny shuld not pra-ayle,
but the said princes escape and avoyde his perucrsc and
extreme Rigorouse pj/rposes. Wherin his maiestye wold
ncurrtheles non otherwise precede but as he shall first be well
informed of the truthe and lawfulnes of the mater, and therwz'tA
he requyred desyred and prayed in that behalf, For assuredly
his highnes woll neuer medic to support any maner cause
but only suche as shalbe knowen Just and lawfull, and that
do tende to the hono//r and glory of god, the setting forthe
of his truthe, And repression of thaduersaries of the same,
for w/t//out any doubt his maiesty is not only vttrrly fixed
never to helpe or maynteyne any Iniust querell, but also
tendeth and regardeth so moch his high honour that yet in
the supportacion of Justice he woll avoyde as mochc as may
be wzt// the pleasure of almighty god, to be bruted suspected
or noted as a perturbato//r of peax renowned to sett men at
variance or otherwise to disquyete any part of Christendom,
wher in dede his gracious Inclinacion is suche, that to the
contrary he en tendeth peax, vnyon, amyte, and concord with-
out any strive or warr onles his grace be moved and in maner
cowstreyned therunto by the malice of thadurrsaries of god, of
his Royall right or stirred for suche Just and evident lawfull
causes as be aforesaid, In which cace what his Royall dexteritc,
alacrite, and princely stomake can do It hathe heretofore by
experience ben clearly known by prosperous Succes of all his
enterprises (prayses be vnto owr Creator) This is his majesties
most honourable disposition of the which his lordship hath
for this purpose thought expedient to aduertise in genrrall the
said — — for the better cowducing of his purpose in this and
other things that shalbe hereafter committed to his charge
and discrecion To thentent He maye so depely engrave and
prynt in his memory theffect of the same as a lyne and Ruler
whcnv/t/* he may be addressed to discharge hymself as apper-
teyneth
Second, wher his lordship is credibly informed that the
said bishop 2 of Rome, of his Inique covetous and vengeable
disposicion, dothe nowe enterprise and set forthe a grcatc
armye against the duke of Vrbyn for the Cite and Domynion
of Camcryn, Intending to put hym to extreme Rigor, wrong-
fully and against all right, And that if he spede well in his
1 In the margin: His Majwty sett forth against the D. of Urbin
inclined to aid any who are op- for the Citty and Dominion of
pressed by the Pope. Cameryn
2 In the margin : The Popes
i;<> LETTERS OF [i
Jorney and w/t/r his popishc power shal ovcrthrowc the said
duke1 (suchc is the Ambicion of old Ipocrysy) he shall attempt
the like or further against Fcrrare, Mantua, and other Estate
of Italy, to thair vttcr vndoing, of the which and howe Fcrr
furthc the cnterpr/ses be on bothe parties his lordship is
desirous to be adurrtised. And therupon according to the
premisses precede to informe and suadc the kingrj highnes as
shall appertain.
Third his lordship wold be informed as well of the
Inclinacion of the Veneciaws towards the bishop of Rome,
and his Cruel cnterpr/scs against Cameryn and howe they
favo//r cither parte, as also of thair cntelligencrj, Successes,
and occurantrj ther, as it can not be but the said for
his cowtynuall abyding thus many yeres, and of his good
acquaynta//ce w/'t// men of good credict ther dothe knowe
alredy or may easely khowe as of hym self, and as having no
comw/ission therof
Fourth his lordship rcquireth that w/'t// all convenient dili-
gence the said riding abrode yf nede be wherin for his
Costo and expencrj his lordship sendeth vnto hym at this
tymc the som of cc. marVu-s to be received by exchaunge ther,
shall vndcr the colowr of his feate and trade of merchandise,
keping this Commission secrete from all men endevowr his vt-
tcrmost power not only to knowe howe the mater of Cameryn
dothc stand in all poynter, and whither thempmwr hath
com/wittcd som of his nobles to stey and pacyfye that mater,
whither the mater be in any wise compounded, or like to be
compounded, shortcly or no And that for the assurance of
adurrtisment he shall alwaies assaye to atteyne true knowlaigc
therof, of som sure, expert, and no light persons, as his dis-
crccion can forcast & prudently forsee And for the atteynyng
of the same to spare no riding ncr reasonable cost2, likewise
of the affaires of Ferrare and Mantua particulerly howe they
stond, also howe the nobles static and gentlemen of Italy ar
bent and beare affection and therof to aduertise w/t// con-
venient diligence surely and secrctely his lordship, And chifely
of all the particularities of thestate of Cameryn in eurry
poynt, And in cace the said shall perceive assurydly the
contcncions thervpon to be pacyfyed, steyd or haue otherwise
likelihod manifest & probable shortcly to quaylc and be ended
1 In the margin : If the Popes veil for his expences, who is to
Army prove victorious he intends to follow his trade, keeping his com-
.utatque Fcrrara Mantua & other mission secret & to inform his
Italian Princes with the same. Lordship of the state of affaires in
1 In the margin : My Lord Crom- Italy front time to time,
well sends 200 marks to Mr. Har-
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 171
for ever, or for many monethes Then shall the said precede
no further for this tyme, till vpon full adu^rtismewt geven of
all those vnto his lordship, he shal haue further knowlaige of
his lordships advice and cntent vpon the same.
Fyft in cace the said shall fynd to the contrary those
strives, wzV/out any suche likelihod of steye, although his
maiestye as reason requireth shuld be bothe prayed by Vrbyn
& other, and instantely besought for his graces favour &
support For thair part as it becometh them, For as the cormwon
pr^verbe is profred offre stinketh, or at the lest is suspecte,
yet neu^rtheles considering thair ferr distance from hens and
litle acquayntance and Intelligence bctwen them, wherby they
may be discoraged to haue any subuention support or favour
at his graces hand l and in respecte that the old duke^ of Vrbyn
was an honourable and valiawt prince and oon^ of the noble
order of the garter wherby his highnes hath yet som favour
roted in his hert towards Vrbyn and his house, and shuld
moch Reioyse to here of his good Successes, aswell for the
same & other considerations in the first article herof, his
lordship willeth that yf it may in any wise be possible the
said as of hymself and as though he had no maner
comw/ission shall by the meane of his acquayntance or
otherwise to the Duke hymself, to som of his Counsail or
to such other honest and assured person (wherby the Duke
may haue knowlaige) set forth the declaraabn of his good
will and affection towards the duke and his good successors
and desier them moche to knowe howe his cace standeth wit/t
that bishop which is also adurrsary to his naturall prince, and
Cuntrey of England sayeng vnto them that he wisheth hym
to be aswell acquaynted wit/i the klnges maiestye as the old
duke his predecessor was, and that he might also obteyn
the order of the garter2 whiche shuld be notable and very
honourable to hym, yf he could aswell succede in the said
order as in other things, And also that it is like that he
shuld eascly obteyne the same forasmoch as ther be yet (at)
this tyme crrtain Rowmes of that order voyde, whiche as he
vnd^rstandeth by his freendes his highnes is not hasty to
conferre but vpon good deliberacion and to bestowe them
vpon men of hono;/r and of the best sorte and specially as it
(is) to be thought vpon the Successowrs of those that haue
been his Auncient FrecnoVj and were of the same order,
1 In the margin: His MajVjty Garter.
desires to be sought by the tiute * In t/ie margin ; An offer of the
of Vrbin to fauour him, retaining Garter secretly made to the young
a respect for the old Duke of Urbins Duke there being certain places
valour who he made Krtig/it of the void.
172 LETTERS OF [I^Q
whcrof the said shall prrtcndc to hauc been adurrtiscd
by som of his ncrc frcndrj in England, taking vpon hym that
if the Duke woll require his highncs, he is assured he shuld
here honest answer, and that he trusteth the mater shalbc easy
Inogh, and bcsyckr that the said shall say that he thinkcth
vndoubtedly yf the kinger maiesty shuld be assured of the
veray rightwisnes of his cause, and that if he might perceive
that by no honest or reasonable mcanes he can pacyfye his
enemye and agree \v/t/r hym reasonably w/V/out any warr or
effusyon of blod but rather shalbe cowstreyned to defendc
hymself w/'t// the sword, than l his maiestyc well knowing and
having shakkyn of alredy the malice and onerous yoke of that
bishop of Rome, shuld wishe hym as good Succcsse as to his
speciall frend against the//emye (as he takyth hym) of princes,
and that it he shall thinke taduertisc his highncs • of the truth of
the mater, and of his mynd and purpose therin he to his
power & simple Jugcment thinketh that vpon the sug . . t
. . . ow . . . ge of his Just right, his highnes woll tenderly
studye to do hym som suchc good subuewtion and conforte
as may stand with his graces hono//r, as the qualities of
the amyte & favowr he beireth vnto that famyly shall require
vsing the said in the pr<?posic«bn therof & answers to be
geven that sobernes and temperature as he may perceive is to
be vsed by the first of these Instrucc/ons And if by this
occasyon the said Duke shall shewe hymself dcsyrous to hauc
the order of the garter the said shall answer that albeit
he hath no 3 commission thereof yet he doubteth not forasmoch
as ... Rowmes therof voyde his fauowrable vnto hym
but if there shuld be made vnto hym overture of Ayde and
helpe of som souldycwrs or money for his defence the said
— shall answer that albeit he is assured the kingej grace to be
of fauowrablc disposicion towards hym as he hath vnderstood
by som of his frcndej, yet neuertheles he knoweth no port his
graces mynd therin, howe be it he may assure that he thinkcth
yf the duke shall informe his maiestye of the Justice of his
cause and require hym of support & ayde he shall fynd his
maiestye as gracious and a noble prince, and suche as woll
shewe his good affection wit// effect
Seventhe . yf the said shall perceive that those maters
of Cameryn (remayning in trouble) other prince, as of Ferrarc
or Mantua wold take part in it, or nothing relent for the said
bishop, then he shall first by his polycye as of hymself asscy
1 /iV, for ' then.' he will send him succour.
* In the margin : It is probable ' c. o. but a gen/rall commission
that when his MaiVjty shall be and no word . . . thereof
advertised of the cause of the warr
THOMAS CROMWELL 173
to atteyn the like w*t// them as is beffore expressed wit/i the
Duke of Vrbyn, mutatw mutandis not forgetting alwaies
sobernes, and temperate c/rcuwspection in all poyntes before
expressed *.
Eight that in all places, where the said shall perceive
any notable and honest persons 2 apte to here and to lerne the
truthe, and that be like to haue a sincere zeale to the truthe, or
beire som hatred to the bishop of Rome soberly and
w*t// no rayling wordes endevowr hym self c/Vcuwzspectly to
fele thair veray mynd^y and disposition, and so employe
his witt to powre in som smak of the pure lernyng of Cristrj
doctrine among?* them and to open them the sight to
prrceyve the abuses of pardones, reliques, and other super-
sticions, of the bishop of Romes see, contrary to the gospell,
not forgetting to declare his vsurped power vpon his neiburs
& prince3 to the detriment of thair supremacye graunted
to them by the holy scripture, And like as he shal haue feled
any of the nobles or notable persons disposed, So he shall
at convenient occasion, knowing first thair inclinacion, precede
from stepp to stepp, further and further. Qrelles yf they be
not disposed to abyde, then he shall therafter vse temperate
incurre any daungrr or be
taking alwaies good hede to be ware of
dyssymblers and hypocrite, As it is not to be doubted,
but his discretion can haue provident regard therunto.
Fynally the said Edmond Haryvell shal by all wayes and
mcancs to hym possible diligewtly enserche Investigate and
Inquire both of the bishop of Romes havio//r practises or any
entreprises ag[ain]st the kinge ma*V.rte or his Royaulme, and
the Intelligence and demean[our] vrtt/t the practises of the
said pole \vit/i him and other and what they pwrpose to do
what they go aboute to attempte And in cace the said Haryvell
can get any mete spye aboute them or any of them, that he
shal reteyn the same and send worde thereof to his Lordeship
and of the stipewde requisite for his aspiall And his lordship
shal cause him to be paid And generally that the said Haryvel
shal w/t// expedition from tyme to tyme -with diligence geue
advertisement to his lordship of almaiw his doings preceding^
occurrences and successes there his paynes and diligewce
therein to be reme;;/bred and Requited accordingly.
1 In the margin: Mr. Harvell ligion or averse to the Pope he shall
to perform the same office with the soberly explaine to them the vanity
\)uke of Mantoua and Ferrara as of the Romish Doctrine,
he has w/t^ the Vutf of Urbin. s In the margin : . . . to declare
* In the margin : If he shall find against the usurped authority of the
any inclined to the Protestant re- Pope on the neighbour Princes.
174 LETTERS OF [ i ;,jg
287. CROMWELL TO CHRISTOPHER MONT.
B. M. Vit. B. xxi, f. 174 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 103 (2). (Jan. 1539.)
Instructions for preliminary negotiations for marriages between the
Duke of Cleves and the Princess Mary, and between Henry and
the Duchess Anne.
A memoriall of Instruct! he lorde Crumwcll . lor
. . frend Christofer Moun. .
WHEREAS the Kmgcs Ma/Vjtic sendcth at this tymc
pher Mount vnto the Duke of Saxon and Landgra for
certaine his gracrj affaires vnto them, The said Mount
shall at his being ther take occasion to common .... fcrre
w/t// Franciscus Burgartus the said dukvj vicccha and
late his oratowr here in Englande, And on the biha . . the said
lorde Crumwell w/t// hartye and affectuous co dations
by mouth bisides his lordshippr^ l<*//Vres to the said
gartus directed, shall declare vnto him that wheras a
conference bitwen his lordshipp and the said Burgartus suchc
tyme as he was here orato//r, concerning an alliauncc of
maryagc to be contracted bitwen the yongc duke of Clev . . .
and his doughter the lady Maryc, The duke of Saxon his
Maister, as he hath written by his lr//rres to his lordshipp, is
desirous to sett forth the same at his next meting, and wissheth
that the same maye succede, Wheruppon his lordshipp hath
a ferre of broken and made overture of the same to the king<v
hieghnes whom by his grao-j countemwnce and exterior
Visage, he hath pcrceyved to be of good Inclinacion, and
aunswered that for the duke of Saxon . . . sake he wold do very
mooch, but yet ncvcrtheles he entcndeth to make non aunsu ere
therunto, tyll after requisition therof shalbe made vnto his
grace by the parties. In which cacc w/t// honorable and
reasonable conditions, the said lorde Crumwell trusteth some
good effect shall ensue therof.
And if the said Burgartus shall desire the picture of her face
and alledge that he wrote for it, he ought to remembrc that
her degre is suche, being the kinges doughter that of noo
tyme it hath ben sen, that the pictures of such shuld be sent
abrodd, And specyally seen that the said Burgartus cannc tcs-
tifie of her proportion, countenauncc and bcautic, Whoself hath
seen her And although she be but his gracrj doughter naturall
oonly, Yet nevertheles she is indcwed and adornate as all the
world knoweth, aswell of suchc grace of bcautic and excellent
propo . . tion of her personage as of moost excellent lerning,
honorable bihauo//r and of all honest vcrtucs and good quali-
ties, that it is not to be doubted, but whcnnc all the rest
shuldc be agreed, no man wold styck nor stayc for any parte
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 175
concerning her beautie and goodnes but rather haue more then
contentemewt as he knoweth right well, who at his being here
sawc her self visage.
FURTHER the said Christopher Mount shall diligently but
secretly Inquere of the beautie and qualities of the Lady
eldest of booth the doughters to the duke of Cleves, Aswell
whatshapp, stature, proportion and complexion she is of As of
her lerning actyvitie, bihauo///- and honest qualities, And if
the said Christopher Mount shall heare, that she is such as
might be likened vnto his Ma/rjtie Then he shall saye vnto the
said Burgartus That the lorde Crumwell muchc tendering the
Kingrj alliaunce in Germany, If he could fynde any occasion
wolbe gladd to employe himself ernestly to induce and per-
suade the kingrj hieghnes his souerain lorde rather to Joyn
\\'ii/t them then otherwise, specyally for the duke of Saxonycs
sake, who is allyed ther, and to make a crosse maryage bitwen
the yong duke of Cleves and my lady Mary as is aforesaide.
And of the \t\ngcs hieghnes w/'t// the said elder doughtcr of
Cleves. For as yet, he knoweth not, that ther is any conclusion
in any of the overture ... of maryage made to his grace in
Fraunce or in Flaundres. And thinketh that his grace is not
of light procedyng in a matier of suche importaunce, but if
they wold do anything thcrin, he thinketh that it shulde be
moost expedyewt they shuld send her picture hither, to
thentent his lordshipp might the better persuade his Ma*krtie
therby : A .... requisite to the same, and allsoo that they
shuld vs . . . in making offre or motion to his MazVjtie therof
bifore .... elusion shuld be made vfit/i an other. And then
seing .... good affection towards the duke, He trusteth that
ey . . . . some good successe shuld succede therof, in the
effect of .... alliaunce, Orellrj that the same shuld be a cause
to e ... the love and amytie oon both parties. And soo the
sa . . . Christofer Mount shall as of His further cons .... \\itfi
the said Burgartus of all things possible at lardge But never-
theles not as demaunding her, but as geving them a prick to
stirr them to offre her, as the noblest, and hieghest honour
that could come into that noble howse of Cleves, if they could
bring it to passe, And as he thinketh the matier shuld not be
taken for past ner desperate, but rather (having the lorde
privie scale moche desirous therof) they ought to hope well*
And that the said Christopher Mount thinketh the matier to
be followed on thair bihalf, by overture vnto his Ma/Vjtie
If they regard her hieghest collocation \vit/i such a moost
mighty excellent and vcrtuous Prince, as the king our
soueraigne Lorde.
THOMAS CRUMWELL
176 1 LITERS OF [i
288. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
1'.. M. Titus B. i, f. 263 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 227. Feb. 5 (1539).
Reports Castillon's request for an audience with the King and his desire
to return to France. Has shown the ambassador that the King is
well able to defend himself against invasion.
My most bounden dutie w/t// all Reuerence, right humbly
rcmcmbrcd to yo//r Ma/Vjtie. Please thesame to knowe that
this present mornyng Mons* de Castillon hath bcne w/t// me,
and declared that yesterdaye he receyvcd \tttercs from the
king his Master conteynyng answere to suche matiers as yo//r
highnes did geve hym charge to write of The whiche he wold
be gladd he myght as soiu- as could be declare declare * vnto
your graces self afore he shuld make any man participaunt
thereof Requiring me therfore to be his meane that he myght
have yo//r gracrj favorable audience assonr as could be possible
and to knowe yo//r graciouse pleasure therupon In general he
arfirmeth vnto me that his Master counsydering the manyfold
kyndnes and good turncs often rcccyved of your highnes
gevcth suche frendcly amyable and gentil answere as may be
desired accordingly But as touching the declaration of the
special poinctor he shewed hymself so loth to declare them
to me afore he had exposed them to your maicste that I could
not conveniently w/'t^ honeste presse hym of thesame yet
nevertheles I have amongrj communications at large sucked
of hym, that his Master woll he shuld shortely retowrne thither
to hym and that bitwenr Themperowr and hym there is no
conclusion as yet taken, nor shalbe afore his retowrne from
hens to his saidc Master and after conference had w/t/r hym
in the whiche the said Castillon promissethe so to employe
hym self that there shall folowe of his going as he trusteth,
many good effector, and moche to the cowmoditie both of
yo//r highnes and his Master, Albeit I perccyve by his
communication that he locketh not to reto//rne to be resident
here but that somr other shalbe sent in his stede Further
wading w«t^ hym, he hath shewed vnto me that the bishop
of Rome wold have established a Legat in Frauncc as it was
wount to be but that his Master hath refused it and woll
in no maner wise consente therto. I lyke well that begywnyng
vpon occasion of the same we cowmoned of your grace howe
litel ye regarded any the said bishops vniust censures, and
that I trusted other princes wold regarde them the like, And
yet further I casted in his wortto^ that if they wold regarde
them your highnes was and shuld be hable both to dcfendc
and kepe yowrself vpright and offende sore such as wold
offende yo//r ma/V\rtie and that in thesame cacc they shuld
1 c •'
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 177
not fynde your grace unfowrnished of all things expedient
Wherupon I toke occasion to bring hym vp to myn armary
and have shewed vnto hym such store of harneys and wepens
as I have the whiche he semed to esteme moche and I tolde
hym that there were other particular armaryes of the lordVj
and gentilmen of this Royaulme more then the nombre of
Twenty aswell or better furnyshcd then myn was wherat he
wound red and sayd that he thought your grace the prince
best furnished thereof in Chrw/endom We cow/moned of the
cafart Cornibus that slaunderose frere He said that your
Maiesties Ambassador the bishop of Hereford hath sued
and proposed certayn articles against hym, the copie whereof
he hath promessed to sende vnto me : And further that the
said bishop hath benr very playn and Rownde wtt/t Messieurs
of the counseill there. I have promessed vnto hym that
I shuld w/t/J all diligence sende to knowe your graciouse
pleasure touching his audience and Incontinently to geve vnto
hym knowlege thereof Therfore I beseche most humbly your
Ma/V\rtie to take this my rude letteres and preceding^- in good
{part} and to vouchesauf to aduertise me of your graciouse
pleasure vpon thesame and all other things being assured
that in thaccomplishement of the same and all other things
committed to my charge I shall employe and endevoir meself
most ernestly vfii/t all my power according to your most
abundaunt benignite towards me your most humble arruaunt
and as to my most bounden duetie it apparteyneth. The
saide Castillon is moche desyrouse of spede and If it \vere
possible to have your fauorable audience tomorowe he wold
fayne see that your Maiestes most noble Joyell my lorde
prince grace. Wherby my pover advice is vnder your
graciouse correction . that (if your highnes could have con-
venie«t leasure) it shuld be best to appoincte it tomorowe.
Nevertheles your high wisedonv can better Juge what is most
expedient, requyring forgevenes for this my bold audacite
I have sent vnto your Matestle myn other letteres \vtt/t a man
that is lately arryved oute of Flaundres, By suche things
as he shall declare vnto your mastic And also that my lord
of Southampton your graces admyral sheweth to me that he
knoweth by a ship lately arryved oute of Spayne that there
be no shippes there prepared nor aboutrj to be prepared for
werre, I thinke vnder your discretion your MazVjtie shal not
nede to be hote nor hasty in concluding any thing w/'t/i the
Frenshe ambassador;-, seen the said mans declaraobn and my
said lorde admyrall^r declarac/on that there is no apprest
of any ships in Spayne to any purpose to be Regarded, but
your prudence passeth my capacite wherfor; I remitte me to
MESRIUAN. » N
178 LETTERS OF [1539
the same Yowr highnes srruaunt Nicolas Cratzcr Astronomrr
hath brought vnto me this mornyng a boke herin enclosed
of the solace and cowsolac/on of prince the whiche oon
Georgius Spalatinus somtyme Scole maistcr to the Duk
of Saxon/ and nowe oon of the chief prrchowrs desyred hym
to deliver vnto yowr Maurfe, I mislike that thambassadowr
sayeth he shal not retowrne. Thus I beseche allmyghty god
to sende yowr grace vrii/i pr0sp*rite and encreace of honowr,
mery and long lif. From london this Vth of February.
Your highnes most humble scruaimt & subiect
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To the Icings most excellent and Noble maiestc.
Endd. My Lorde Privie scale to the Kinges Maj/rtc of
the vtk of februarj-.
289. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 171 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 281. Feb. 13 (1539).
Desires him to learn the Emperor's final decision concerning the King's
last letter.
After my right herty commendacj'ons Forasmoche as the
Kinges highnes after tharryvall of Mr. Blagg whiche was
a Saturdaye last writeth vnto you his graciouse pleasure mor;
at Large I surceace at this present to declare you anything
thereof but onely adurrtise you of the receipt of Two yowr
\etteres sent to me at dyverse tymes by the waye of Fraunce
I have caused Mr. Tucke to delyver lately vnto yo//r
assignes here the suw/me of v*. li. and odd as I doubte not
but they shal aduirtise you thereof Here we have no notable
newes nor occurrence but doo loke dayly to have som of you
and to be acertayned of Thempm>«rs final resolution vpon
the poinct/j cowteyned in his graces \ettercs sent to you by
Nicolas If ye have had as yet at tharryvaill hereof no awswcre
I praye you to sollicitc it Instauntly and to vse all spcdc
in geving advertisement thereof and also of themp*ro//rs
answer* to his highnes lettercs sent you by this bearer the
whiche I Require you to despeche hethir again wit// som
answer* assort/ as ye maye. Of yowr cuwmyng ye shal
p/rceyve the kinges graciouse plaiswr* by his owne Iftteres.
the parsonage that shal succede you is not yet appoincted
wherfor I can geve you no knowlege thereof. The klnges
Ma/me hath yowr diligence and procedinges right acceptable.
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 179
and vsing good celerite at this tyme and like dexterite ye may
be assured of encreace of more favour. I have reserved for
you the house of the Freres of Ayllesford as ye desyred it
And wolbe gladd in all other things to employe meself to
further your reasonable desirs Thus Fare ye right hertely
well From london the xiijth of February.
Your louyng assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very loving Freend Mr. Wyat knight oon*»
of the gentilmen of the king^r cha;«b^r and his
ambassadowr in Spayne.
Endd. By France at tolledo the XIXth of January.
290. CROMWELL TO (JOHN AND HENRY RUSSELL).
Library of William Berington, Esq., of Little Malvern Court ; not in Cal.
Feb. 1 8 <i539>.
Desires that the bearer, Richard Salway, be permitted to enjoy the office
of Clerk of the Peace in the County of Worcester.
I commende me vnto you. And whereas I am enfourmed
that w;t//out iuste cause or grounde you do restrayn and kepe
this berer Richarde Salwey my seruaunt from the possession
and Vse of the rowme and office of clerk of peax in the
Countie of Worcester notwithstanding that he hath compounded
and agreed \vitk you for the same I require you that furthwzt/*
vppon the receipte hereof you do permitte and suffre my
saied seruaunt to occupie exercise and enioye the saied office
w*t//all the commodities and profits therunto belonging by
himself or his sufficient deputie according to the agrementer
and covenauntes concluded betwixt you and him for the same
making also vnto my saied seruaunt delyvdry of all suche
records remewbraunc^j and other writings as do remayru? in
your handes and custodie Wherby he maye the better knowe
the scale of the saied office So as this berer be not enforced
and compelled to seke further remedye for recowrye of his
ryght in that behalf. Thus fare youe well, From London the
xviijth of Februarie
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
N 2
180 LETTERS OF [1539
291. CROMWELL TO WRIOTHESLEY.
R. O. CaL xiv. (i) 365. Feb. 25, 1539.
The King marvels at Chapuys' recall, and desires Wriothesley to express
his feelings to the Regent. If she persists in sending for Chapuys,
Wriothesley and Came are to desire leave to depart, Stephen
Vaughan remaining in their stead.
Mr. Wryothesley after my right herty cowmendac/bns, After
the adu/rtisment of the receipt of your Ittteres directed to me
of the date of xix and xxi of this present, And of yowr k7/rres
directed to the Kinge Maiestye of the xxij* of the same. Ye
shall vnderstond that I haue shewed the hole tenowr and
pwrport therof to his maiestye Who hathe seen and prrvsed
the same. Assurydly it is not litle straunge to see and marke
thair procedinge ther and the Ingrate fashon they vse in effecte
(though the worde and Countenance be contrary) towards
his majestye, And his maiestye moche mrrvailleth at it, And
spmally at the Revooking of monsttur Chappuys thewprrowrs
Ambassadowr from hens, Albeit they do the same vnder
Colowr of furtheraunce of his grace affaires ther committed to
yowr charge. Wherupon his highnes by thassent of his hole
Counsail hathe willed me w/'t/r all celerite to send vnto you
these pre^ntes signifying by the same his gracious pleas^wr
and co;;/maundeme//t vnto you is, that w/'t// all diligence vpon
the receipt hereof ye shall procure yowr Accesse to the said
Regente and declare vnto her, that as for the calling of the
said Chappuys thither, albeit his highnes myndcth not to
deteyn hym, whan soeiur he shalbe revocked Yet forasmoch
as at all tymes heretofore w/'t//out any i»terrupc/bn it hath ben
vsed and accustumed that ther hath ever ben Ambassadowrs
mvtually resident bothe w/t/r and from his maiestye and them-
prrowr, and that w/'t^out casualtye of death ther hath never
the contrary be seen, but afore the departure of thone thother
was sent. And lightly vpon the decesse of any of them
an other was furjh\v/'t// committed to supplye thothers Rowme.
And ther may chaunce many occasions, in the whiche in his
absence he might be wanted aswell for thempm>«rs cowmodite
as for his graces, his maiesty desyreth & requireth her nowe to
consider, that beside his presence, that is nothing necessary
to the treating of that manage w/'t// the duchesse, the whiche
mater hath been but litle cowferred, of here w/'tA hym, And
the long absence he shuld be owt, if they vse no francklyer
ner spedyer dcspcche of thaffaires then they haue commonly
accustumed hitherto, what prnudice it might be to the common
affaires of bothe his grace and themp^rowr, yf he w/'t//out the
residence of an other in his sted shuld be absent, And what
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 181
the world might thinke therupon and cowiecte, Assurydly it
shuld not synk into many me«s brayne, but his absence shuld
be a token in maner evident of the dyminucion & decreace
of that Ancien fraternall Amyte bitwen them, which opynyon
shuld litle sound to their honours (having his highnes Am-
bassado[rs] in spayne & ther also) shuld be thought in the same
doing Inconstant in frendshipp, And by sundry persons shuld
be Judged to love only wher advantage may be goten for the
accomplishing of his py/rposes. And the more the king^r
maiesty noteth the same knowing alredy thexperience therof
vpon the departure of monsieur de Castillon late Ambassadowr
here for the frenche king, AJthough ther be oon alredy ap-
pointed to succede in his place, yet neu^rtheles many persons
can skant and \vtt/t veray grete difficultye be persuaded, but
that the Frenche king Intendeth not to be constant in honour-
able Amyte and allyaunce as he ought Although his highnes
mistrusteth not but he wolbe veray glad, and is moche desyrous
to obs^rue the same Inviolate. And that her grace be con-
tented he may Remayn here vntyll thaffaires be resolved vpon
And furthwzt// w/t/*out tarying for his Accesse thither vnto
her, whiche being he weake could not be but long, she
vvoll frely & frankely precede to the resolucion of those Ally-
aunc^r and maters opened and cowferred on ther wzt//out any
further protract of delaye, As his maiestye thinketh by certain
persons advice, that his presence is demaunded only for to
delaye the mater tyll his cowmyng that shuld be long and
for weakenes at his cowmyng like to be syk weake or wery
that he could not be present at thexpediabn therof, whiche
shuld be to adde delaye vpon delaye, And delayes agayn. Ye
shall also say vnto her, that by a secrete frende of yours A man
that may knowe suche things, ye have by a particuler Wtere
besidrj and w*t//out his graces knowlaige ben adu^rtised, that
when the kinges highnes opened the mater of your letteres
touching his going thither oon or twoo of his highnes Counsail
by likelihode more Inclyned to an other part, then that waye
(As no nomberof Counsaillowrs can bewzt//out diu^rse affections
and private) did asmoch as they could to haue brought his
maiestye in some suspicion, that the same going of his, was
but a practise to w/'t^drawe hym by craft and subtiltye, And
so to kepe hym ther still, And pmrhaunce to vse you, and other
his graces Ambassadowrs otherwise then right and honour
shuld require, Whereunto neurrtheles his maiestye not light
to conceve suspicion against his Ancien frende had no respect
ner regard, but did byd them that they shuld conceve a better
opynyon of prince and king^r, And specially of thempero/^r
whom his grace knoweth to be of an other nature & better
182 LETTERS OF [1539
disposition and more to regarde his honowr and profit! then
to Imagyn and consent to so an vnreasonable shamefull & dis-
honoi/rable l pranque. Yc may adde therto the coldnes on
that behalf & traynyng long of the matters might helpe to
cowfcrmc the said Counsaillo//rj advises, against his maiestycs
opynyon, For the which and other reasons suche as yc can
devise by your good descrecion, ye shall exhorte her to for-
beire the said Ambassadors sending fore, And neuertheles
so to precede, as his maiestye may haue cause to cowfcrme his
good opynyon of them, And to think no Ingratitude on their
partfs. And in case ye shalhauc answer of her that she woll
in no wise precede to thentreatye of thaffaire, but in the pres-
ence of the said Ambassadowr, And that she shall persist stifly
in the sending for hym, Then and in that case, his maicstics
gracious pleaswre & cowmaundemewt is that w/t// the same her
answer & dcclarac/on, ye shall desire to hauc Icaue, and take
your congy of her ye and master Kerne, shewing vnto her that
seing ye haue so long ben ther, And that his ma/Vjte thinketh
the tyme long of yo//r reto//me, And that they Intewde further
to delaye and pnrtracte the affaires as it may appere, his
maiesty willing you twoo to retowme, hath appointed his trusty
semaunt M* Vaughan to remayn and abyde ther resident vpon
the gouernawnce of the Englishe nvrchauntej ther And neu^r-
theles euer to be in a redynes and give care to suchc cow/-
municac/ons as it shall pleas her to haue \v/t// hym, but in case
the Regente woll precede wit// you wit/iout the Ambassadowr,
and be content to omitt his co/wmyng, then ye shall further
adu/rtise the k'mgts mafVvrte therof and cowtynue ther without
your leave taking at the tyme prescribed vntyll such tyme as
ye shall heare further from his maiestye, And so having takyn
your leave, and that ye shall perceive yourself out of all thair
daungers, his highnes shall give leave vnto the said Ambassa-
dour, Wherfore keping neuertheles the same secrete to your-
self^ assonc as ye shalbc in sure place cowmyng, ye shall give
his grace aduertisment therof, to thentent the said Chappuys
may be sufircd to depart. I pray you that for the furnishe-
ment of Mr Vaughan and Mr Kerne, ye shall take ther vpon
yowr Credict oon hu//dcrd pounder, and that ye deliuer the
same vnto them, that is to say to echc of them LH therof vpon
a reconnyng and in prest for their dicttes. Mr Wryothesley
nowe in this mater, & other notable occurrewtej that may
cowme to your knowlaige vse no lesse dexterite then yc haue
done^And more of it can be. The Ittttrc syphred from
Mr. Wyat being discifred cowteyneth nothing in effect but
coldenes in that behalf sithcns the date of the same, ther shuld
1 f. 0. practik
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 183
be twoo Curriowrs from hens arrived vnto hym, which were
not yet arrived at that tyme. loke what money ye lak, your
credict can not faile to be repayd here. I wrote on satursday
vnto you of Joyes cuwmyng & submission, and howe he is
nowe in sure keping. This berer my loving servaunt Mr
Knight hath brought Leyton. I wold adurrtise you afterward
at length of his sayings and excuses. In the meane tyme
doubt ye not but your preceding**.? be veray well taken and
accepted, and the Icings highnes most favoz/rable vnto you.
Thus fare ye right hertely well. From London the xxvth day
of February.
Endd. Anno xxx° 25 February 1538. The mynute of
a \etfere vnto Mr Wryothesley
292. (CROMWELL) TO <LORD LISLE).
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 307. (Feb. 1539.)
Desires him to do nothing to encourage the King's enemies or to frighten
his subjects, though he is to take care to be prepared to resist attack.
...... the king^r highnes hathe informacion that ye and
... of his counsaile there do go about certen things where
in I assure your Lordeship ye do not well in causing the
people to bring in their goodcs and other things which
nedeth not, Wherefore this my secret intymacion and
aduyse shalbe to adurrtise you that hauyng assured and
vigilant eye and awayte to the sure defence and fortificacion
of the king^j towne and marcheis there ye do nothing to the
enbolding [of] the kingw enemyes, or putting in Fere the
subjects more [than] nedeth, prayeng your lordeship
to loke substauncyally vnto it ... v]ndoubtedlie it is
thought to the king^j highnes and his [cojunsaile here that
your practises and doings in it be veray ill [an]d not well
ne circumspectlie considered.
Endd. Tuching the precept of bothe palles
293. (CROMWELL) TO BONNER.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 409. Mar. i, 1539.
The King has ordered the arrest of all ships in English ports, in re-
taliation for the detention of vessels at Antwerp. Desires him to
request Francis to take it in good part if any French ships are
among them.
Copie of the \etterts to my lord of Hereford ^rimo Martii
Anno l&cgni Regis Henrici viij, xxx°
My "Lord afar most herty and affectuouse co;«me«daabns
I do at this tyme by the k'mgcs gracious commandment
184 LETTERS OF [1539
adurrtise you that bcsid« the knowlege of suchc things as
ye shal have by my l*//nres sent lately vnto you by yowr
sfruaunt Gowgh we have aducrtiscmewt that not only there
be sundry pyrattrj in the see cowmen out of the parifs of
Holand and Zeland to thintcnt to robbe the \tings subiectrj
but also th/rt on Ashcwenesday last all manrr ships of what
nation socurr they be, noon excepted, were by pr0clamac/on.
made on Thempm>«rs behalf in Antwerp and elleswhere
arrested tyll Blaster and further tyll they knowe Thempmwrs
pleasure wherupon as yet our ambassidowr there can not
knowe for any sute whether o//r ships be comprehended
therin or noo But for all surities the kings ma/rtfe hath
caused for the same and other consyderacibws all shippcs
and crayers thorough this hole Real me to be arrested and
of all nations whatsoeurr they be so that without his grao*
special leave they shal have no licence to departe nor any
passage shalbc suffred to go from hens to any part beyond
the see w*V/oute his grac^r licence tyll we shall knowe further.
In flaunders the cow/mon Rumowr is that they be confederat
iij heddes togeder Thempmv/r the frenshe King and that
bisru^ of Ronv to convirte their werres agenst vs we trust
theffect shal prove otherwise But forasmoch as the liklyhode
be the best it is good to tak hyde and provide in
tyme we shal do sufficiently w/t// the grace of god
Store is no sore Wherfor his gracious pleasure and cow-
mand/nint is that forasmoch as we hope chiefly and
sper/ally the Frensh King welbe of other disposition then so
that asson/ as there shalbc any rumowr there yea or a litel
before ye shal reporte vnto hym and desire him that he
woll for the good love he beareth vnto the Vinges ma**rte
his brother tak* in good part and not displeasantly If
his highnes hath amongrj other arrested the ships of his
Realm and dominions For to pnuide by thesame agenst
such pyracies and other practises, that by raport his grace
thinketh and is adurrtised be proposed agenst his highnes
And that he may be assured that lik as they be good brethern
and frcendfs so his subiectrj shal be honestly entreated there-
after w/t// such good wordrr and pacificable as ye can vse in
that behalf Being not ovcrhasty to declare any such thing
afore ye be asked for it or the mater bruted of Ye shal
p^rceyve by my last \ftftres that we lok to have sonv know-
lege of the Inclinacibn of those paries by tharryvaill of
MonstVwr de castillon whose departure hens (and if he be
true) we do not mrrveille at. Yowr brefe and spedy adurrtise-
mrwt therof shal be moch acceptable Wherfor I require you
in his ma;>jties name to vse celcrite and well to mcrk thclTcct
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 185
of my \cfferes vnto you therupon And also whither ye shal
think the frensh king wold be our enemy If thempm>wr wold
declare himself agenst vs Themperow hath both afon? the
peace \vtt& frawce ben very warme and hot in offres After-
ward good wordes coldnes after. Afterward I can not tel
what I shuld saye the wordes be nor hot nor cold. And the
dedes as ye pmreyve or nothing, or like to be evill as tharrest
of the ships sheweth as is afore writen I doubt not but ye
shal hear therof in France at the lest the Rumour woll Ru«ne
therupon. I praye you to spare no adu^rtisement as in dede
ye do ew/ploye all diligence as his maieste pwrceyveth by
your \ctteres of the xxiiijth of the last past whom his grace
taketh in very good part. And the more if ye shal vse
vttermost diligence in giving aducrtisement of thies and other
writen vnto you by Gowgh your scruant Ye shal saye also
to the Yrenc/i King that from tyme to tyme and by litel and
litel his ships shal be deliurred and noe detriment nor
daw/mage done vnto them. I doubt not but your discrec/on
shal spye a good occasion tyme and oportunite to precede
herein w/tA all discretion and sobrenes as the case requireth
Thus Far ye right hertely well From London the first of
marchc I praye you to addulce and mitigate the things and
leste Irritat them t/iat ye can.
Endd. To the bishop of Hereford? primo marcil
294. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Karl. MSS. 282, f. 187 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 488. Mar. 10 (1539).
News from the Netherlands. Wyatt is to seek to discover the Emperor's
intentions, and his relations with Francis and the Pope. Cf. Letter 291.
Mr. Wyat after my right afiecluouse commendations. I have
receyved not onely your \ctterzs sent hither by Nicolas the
Currour and by your seruaunt Rudston but also all other
conteyned in your cataloge at the later ende of my Wteres
sent by the said Nicolas. Ye may p^rceyve by the kinges
\etteres to you addressed at this tyme, howe thankefully his
grace accepteth your good diligence and doyngtt there And
also thoccurrewc^j and bruyies which have ben spredd abrode
merveillouse strange the suspic/bn and coniecturc of those
shippes which be sent owt of flawdrrs to Spayne for what
cause no man can well tell here And tharrest of ships in
Flaundres Albeit sithens the kingrj \etteres signed I have
receyved adu^rtisemewt from Mr. Wryothesley that as
Wenesdaye last the Quene Regen and the counscill there
sent hym iiij waraunter for the delyverey of the same shippes.
but as yet they be not arryved. We can not satisfie our
186 LETTERS OF [1539
myndes whereof did precede all those vnkynd parifs and
such strawgenes as sodewly and vpon no marur ground hath
ben sithens lent vsed to the said Mr. Wryothesley. he had
good chere and entretcnemewt a litel afor that ii curro//rs
shuld arryve thither from Spayn whither Themrvrowr wrote
any suche thinges to be doon \ve cannot tell but it is like he
did. Therfor I require you well and diligently by all marwr
meancs to you possible to seke and enserchc to knowe the
botom of their hertrj ther* what they do Intende and practise
what Intelligence they have w/t// the Frenshemen, and bishop
of Rome. And if ye can prrceyve any notable knowlege
to geve adurrtissew^T*/ thereof -wilA thanswerr that ye shal
have to theffect of the kingly Ittttres nowe vnto you. I shal
helpe to despeche Mr. Tate and to sende hym thitherward
assonr and w/t// as good diligence as I can, to thintent ye
may retowrne hither according to your desyre I trust to be
so ernest to sett furth yowr good smiice that after your
Retowme w/t//in a shorte space ye shal be no more nedy nor
have cause to think your self hyndred. Thus Fare ye right
hertely well From london this Xth of March.
Yowr assuryd louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very loving Freend Sir Thomas Wyat
Knight ooiv of the gentilmen of the Kingtt Chambre and his
grao-j Ambassadowr w/t// Themp/rowr
Endd. From my lorde prevy seall by NidWas the couriowr
to tolled o the xtb of Marche
295. CROMWELL TO CHRISTOPHER MONT AND THOMAS
PAYNELL.
B. M.Vit. B. xxi,f. 145 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 490. Mar. 10 (1539).
Instructions for the negotiations with Cleves. Mont and Paynell are to
represent to the Duke the enmity of the Emperor. Desires them
to discover whether munitions of war can be furnished to Henry at
short notice.
After my right herty cowmendac/ons, By .... the xviii and
xix of February addressed vnto as yet yc haue no
answer to the principal the charge and cow/mission
given vnto you at y saving in orv poynt opened on
my behalf vnto B vicechaunccler and late oratowr
here for the Duke of S touching certain affinities that
the said Duke, by the r of the said Burgartus, wol be
glad therof, And employe .... self to thuttermost to bring
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 187
them to good effecte, wherof .... and of all suche adwrtis-
menter as ye give in your letteres, I h[ave] adu^rtised the
k'mges Maiestye, who accepteth and taketh your diligence
therin thankfully, As preceding of good a[nd] true hertrj, And
for my part I give vnto you right affectuous thanks for the
same purposing to remembre them accordingly, Albeit as for
the cowmon Rumowrs of warr, we knewe no lesse then ye
wrote, And at all chauncr^ be they sodeyn or slowe all things
be pmiided here therafter, And perceiving by the preceding
of thaffayres in Maunders after long protraction of tyme thair
disposicion to wax euery day colder and colder, Insomoche,
that wheras they wold make no playn refusall, yet they make
suche answers as importe I;«possybilite, as the Course of the
world is or infinite delayes that is to say, in effecte, that for
the duchesse part, the mater cannot be concluded w*t//out
the Bishop of Romes despensacion for nerenes of blod, And
that the despensacion to be had in this Realme as they
shuld not be sufficient, And if we can evacuate that poynt, and
woll fall to reasonable condicions, then they wolbe contented
to co«clude, The whiche answer, like as we take for Illusory,
and as it were playn negative, So having no cause any further
to trust in thair \vordes, but otherwise to pr0vyde ellmvher,
the kinges maiestye therfore hathe at this tyme appointed his
trusty and welbeloued counsaillo//rs Edward Kerne, And
nicholas Owton doctour of lawe, and his trusty scruannt
Richard byrd his grac^r chamber, to be his oratowrs,
and furthw/t// sorte vnto the Duke of Cleves for
the causes I did [gi]ve you instruction of at yonr departure,
and sp*rially cowcernyng the mariage of his highnes, leaving
thother to be conferred of and vpon overture or requisicion
to be made on thair behalf, Wherfore his gracious pleasw^ is,
that incontinent vpon the receipt hereof whither ye haue any
answer of the said Duke therupon or noo, ye shall by yo//r
discrecion i;«mediatly by yourself, or by the meanes of
Burgartus assey to haue answer and assurance of the Dukes
own mouthe, yf ye can of his good disposicion therunto, And
not only to signifye vnto hym howe his maiestye hath sent
his said oratowr to the Duke of Cleves, but also to require
hym of his good towardenes and affection wit/t exhortacions
to the said Duke of Cleves for as moch as coHorneth the
king^r own person And by your \ctteres from tyme to tyme to
adu<?rtise his graces said oratowrs of the same, and helpe them
wii/t your best counsail to the avauncemewt of thair pro-
ceding^j, and 'that ye shall conferre mvtually oon w*t/*
an other, by your \etterts surely to be conveyed of all the
occurrawtrj co«ornyng the same, forseing alwaies that your
LETTERS OF [1539
on bothe sldfs be cowmitted to sure and true
messengers to them from you, and from them to you, and
as for \ettsres to his highnes, yf ye can fynd non other waye
to haue them surely conveyed, then ye shall send them to
hamburgh and so cause them to be sent by see, for whiche
entent ther is also taken som order witA som of the
hamburghes for conveyance of them, wherof ye shalbe
shortely adwrtised, by Mr. Barnes sent into those Cuntreys,
Furthermore ye shall declare vnto the Duke that the King«
Maiestye is desyrous and fervent to knowe theflect of thanswcr
of yo//r Instructions, forsomoch as of late vpon the arrivall
of that re Cardinall Pole into Spayne themrvr
. . . self offended and of no good affection maiestye
for thair sak*\r, as by the sequel you may bothe
coniecte : for wheras Mr. Wyat the ki[nges] ambassad< wr ther
hering tell of the cowmyng of the Pole Cardinal
towards themperowr, at the kingw comm required
hym, that he shuld in no wise admitt the sa[id] rebell into
his dominions ner geve accesse or audien[ce] to hym, his
answer was not only, that he being s[ent] vnto hym by the
Bishop of Rome, although he shuld be his own traytowr, yet
he could not refuse hym audience, but also being farder
pressed by the said Mr. Wyat to do according to the treatyes
the same notwzt//sta«ding, he made a sharpe answer therunto,
wit// a token of grete vehement grudge and indignacion, that
seyng his highnes had given audience to sundry oratowrs sent
vnto hym by the said Duke and Landisgravc, his Rebell^
vassales and ewnemyes of the Catholike Church of Christen-
dom, And also received \efferes and oratowrs from the Duke
of Holtz vsurpatowr of the kingdom of Dewmrrke by whose
meanes his brother in lawe king christierne is kept tyrawnykly
in prison, he could haue no lesse libertye to give to the
said Rebell audience, then the king« highnes had to receive
his oratowrs sent vnto hym by those vsurpatoi/rs and Rebellrj
aforenamed, to the whiche though the said Ambassadowr
made a full, Just, and discrete answer, yet notwithstanding
we may well perceive by his word« howe depe inwarde
grudge and hatred is hyd in his hert towards them the
kingrj grace, and othn- that professe the gospcll The whiche
the king? s highnes hath thought not to cowceyle from them :
but to signifye, to thentent estye, and they may pr0-
vyde and stand vpon gardrr, for thair defense, in
cace his enterprises by any occasyon shuld be extended so
farre as to attempt anything against vs praying them to
adurrtise his maiestye wit// diligence, what they woll do for
his grace, in cace he be invaded for cause of the faith or
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 189
withdrawing from the bishop of Rome ; and what contry-
bucion and ayde they wold for a reciprajue aske, wherupon
after adurrtisme//t therof, yf it shall pleas them to send thair
oratowrs hither to treate therupon they may be assurid his
highnes shall shortely declare his certain resolucion vpon the
same so grounded and wayed, as it may be to the cowmon
wealth and suretye of his grace, the said duke and landis-
grave, praying you, that of thair answers vpon all these, his
highnes woll, ye give aducrtismentes and ye shall receive
such answer wzt/: celerite as shalbe frendly, and to the
hono#r of bothe parties or e\\cs yf they do send any
ambassadowrs, that ye shall retowrne -with them, or ell^y
though they woll not send, that ye shall neu^rtheles retowrne
as ye shall thinke expedient vsing celerite of yo;/r retowrne
as sone as your affaires shalbe sped or have awswer And
further forasmoch as store is no sore, And that wisdom wold
that we shuld be in a redines for to wzt^stand all chaunovr,
ye shall deliurr my lr/teres to Sir Bernmie de Mella knight,
the kmgcs trusty frend to pr<?vyde for the kingf s store ther
the nomber of cc. bu;«bardrj for grete gonnes and ordenawnce
expert in the same, to be sent hither furthwzt^, And wz't// all
diligence, and the nomber of M. or xv.c hackbushers excellent
and expert in that feate, to be sent afterward as betwen^ this
and receipt of yowr \etteres it shal be appointed at the kingt'j
cost reasonable sold and wagrj, to be sent
hider, and afterward reto#rned into those the whiche
we shall cause for his sake, to be s[o] enterteyned
here, as they shal haue good caus[e] .... s^rue vs well and
to be contented, For thair conveyance] and transport hither
his grace hath addressed . . . this tyme vnto the cite of
Lubeck his \etfercs to ca[use] money to be avaunced vnto
them, And the same to be transported hither at the king^r
cost, the money therof to be deducted vpon the v.ml merkes,
they be bounden to pay vnto his highnes, And in cace they
shuld delaye so to do, then vpon adurrtisement therof to be
geven they shalbe otherwise pr^vyded at Hamburgh or elkr-
wher as shal be thought convenient.
And chifely amongtt othrr things to be ernestly done his
grace woll that ye shall inculcate and prrsuade vnto the said
duke and landisgrave the moment & Iw/portawce of that
grudge, which thewpmwr doth beire, for the bishop of
Romes pleaswr*? against them and otlvr of the avangelik
sorte, which they may nowe easely perceive, by that he
worketh and goeth aboute, praying them further on his
gracrj behalf that they do wisely forsee, that nowe at this
diett and counsail they be not so blynded vrit/t faire wordes
190 LETTERS OF [1539
and subtiltye pranises made to them on that partye, as
hereaft/T they may prrcace take hurt and displeasure
therbye, Syns the L*//<re was wryten hitherto It hathe been
thought notwithstanding anything wryten herebefore
. . on shalbe made vnto the said barnrrd de mella, to knowe
er he could \v/'t/i a shorte warnyng, furnishe to the
kingtt [hi]ghnes twoo hundred Gonnrrs or Canonnyers
shotrrs of grete peces and a thowsand or xv* hakebushes
yf nede shuld require, that the kingrj highnes shuld occupye
them, And vpon warnyng by his grace to hym geven, howe
sone he shall thinke he might prouyde them, and yf he
cannot furnishe the hole, howe many he thinketh he may
pr0vyde, After adurrtismewt wherof, then yf it shalbe so
thought convenient, to the k'mgcs maiestye, ther shalbe made
provision, and order taken at hamburgh or elkrwher for
thair sold and wagtt, and therwit// the payment for thair
transport and conveyance hith/r, yf nede shall require,
Thus heretely fare you well, From London the Xth day of
M^rche
Your louyng freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Endd. To my louing freind Cristofer Mont and Thomas
Paynell
296. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Galba B. x, f. 38 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 504. Mar. u (1539).
Reports the receipt of a letter from Wriothesley, in which the Queen
Regent desires that the ambassador should remain in the Nether-
lands till she heard from England. Wriothesley finally consented to
tarry, as she was so urgent.
My bounden duetie most humbly remembred to your right
excellent M[aiestie]. Please yowr Highnes to be [adverjtised
that this present mornyng I have r[eceived] lettercs from
Mr. Wryothesley, your grac^r Ambassade//r in Flaundres
dated [the] ixlb of this present conteyning a long discours
of his accesse to the Quene, and asking of his leave to reto//rne
to yo//r Ma/rjtie. The which \ettercs bicausc [they] be long
and diffuse I have thought not to trouble yowr grace w/'t// the
reading of them but in fewe \vordes to declare the substaunce
thereof w[hich] is that the Quenc often tymes desyreth and
prayed, Instanted, yea and herself and her counseill entreated
yo//r Highnesses said Ambassador to [tarry] there tyll she
shuld have answer from England wher she had alredy [sent]
a poste and loked dayly for his commyng. Whercunto the
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 191
said Mr. Wryoth[esley] answered that he was but your
g[races servant a~|nd that he had co;//ma«demen[t] absolut
from your maitstie to retourne [home which] no maner
of their prayers [or] Instaunt desire could excuse him
of. Instantly agayn desiring them th[at] he might ful-
fylle the same. Wherto she said that his demore shuld
p*r[case] do more good to thentretenement and encrease of
thamytie bitwen your gr[ace] and themprrowr, then he
thought and that he shold have no cause to repenft]. Crete
Instaunce was made on both parties \vi\Jt discowrs of assur-
aunce of thamytie and obs^ruacion of the treaties and allyances :
but Mr. Wryothes[ley] in conclusion wold never agree to their
petition but fulfille your cow/ma«[dement] Onles they shuld
stoppe hym or cowmaunde hym the contrary Wherunto the
Quene after sundry \vordes of prayowr and requisition said
Well q[uoth she] take my prayer for a cowmawdemewt And
I woll write to the king your [Maister] that ye did so Agayn
she said I praye you take this frendely and re[pute] it, as it
were a freendely co;«ma#deme«t Thempmwrs ambassadewr
ojtoth she taryeth agenst my cowmaundemewt in England at
your Maisfcrs Instance An[d I] am not Angry he so doth
at his Instance to gratifie him. So vpon this[e] discourses
and co/«ma«deme«t he agreed to tarye She said it was for
non* [other] but that on* frende myghtcowmaunde the srruaunt
of another. Wherupon your said ambassade//r requireth your
Ma*>.rte most humbly, to pardon [him].
Of newes and occurrence he hath writen in his said letteres.
he hath hear[de] but onely of marchaunter that Themperour
hath taken trewes w*'t// the Turk[e] for xiiij yeres. He hath
\etterea from Venece that the Veneciens as it [is] thought woll
shortely make an ende w*t// the Turke If it be not ma[de]
secretly. He hath hearde that the king of Dewmarch hath
stopped [his] porter and maketh priuision for defense And
that of truth the landg[rave] of Hesse doth levye men for the
werr. This is theffect of those [long] and diffuse k/teres
I have receyved. Mr. Sydney hath ben with me [this] mornyng
to whom I have declared your most graciouse favour and
protection] and byden hym to reasorte vnto yowr maz£rte to
knowe your further [commands]. It shalbc good your high-
nes pleaswr* be declared vnto hym whether he [shall] wayte
vpon the same in Kent this voyage and jowrney or noo This
be[rer my] nephiew shal supplye the rest of my letters by
mouth. And so I befseche] yowr ma^-rtie to take thies my
\cttcrcs in good partc and to cow/maunde vnto [me your] most
humble smiflwnt and beddesman that shalbc yowr pleasure to
be fulfilled] accordingly. Almyghty god sende your ma&rtie
LETTERS OF [1539
all your most noble hcrtrr [desires]. From London this xijtb
of Marche.
Yowr Highnes most humble Subiecte
THOMAS CRUMWELL
297. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M.Titus B. i, f. 269; Cal. xiv. (i) 516. Mar. 14 (1539).
Reports negotiations for the exchange of Wriothesley and Chapuys.
Information concerning the discovery of a nest of traitors in the hold
of a French ship blown ashore at South Shields. News from Cleves.
My most bounden duetie to your most excellent maieste
w/'t// all honowr and Reverence right humbly offred Please it
thesame to be aduertised that I have receyved such \fttcrcs
as were directed to me both from your graces oratowrs the
bishop of Rome and Mr. Wryothesley the whiche I have
diligently Readen and jvrvsed And not onely according to
yo;/r graciouse pleas///r Directed my \etteres to the bishop
of Hereforde, conteyning in effect the thre poinctr^ signified
vnto me by Mr. Sadleyers \etteres on your gncfs behaulf.
I thought better to despech^ them by my private \etteres.
then to put your highnes to the payne to have writen and
troubled yowr self w/t// thesame. To Mr. Wryothesley I had
wr/ten afore that he shuld accelerate his retowrne wit/t all
spedy diligence so that he myght be assone retourned at
Calais as Chappuys shuld arryve thither or bifore, Bicause
I have on yowr maiesties behalf cowtremaunded yowr Maw-jties
deputie there that in cace the said Chappuys shuld arryve
there bifore Mr. Wryothesley s cuwmyng the said deputie
vnder colowr of honowrab[le] and kynd entretenemewt shuld
honestly and as it were for to shewe hym gentilnes and make
hym good chere to kepe hym and reteyn hym there vntyll
he shuld be sure of Mr. Wryothesley arrivaill at Calais or
w;t//in the marches of the same w;t//oute any daunger And
in cace that the said Chappuys could not be that waye per-
suaded to taryc but Instantely desire to departe that then the
said depute shuld playnely saye vnto hym that forasmoch/r as he
had a certain general rest rai net c bifore this and afore the date
of his passeport he desireth him to tary tyll he shuld knowe
your grac^ pleasure being vpon the very see syde and where
he shuld have eu^ry tyde oportunite to sende and receyve
answere, or vntyll the said Wryothesley shuld be arryved.
But as I thinke my lr//rrcs to the said depute shal not nede
to be put in vre for the said Chappuys is as yet here and
hath desyred to borowe a lytter of me If I had had any as
in dede I had noon he can nor ryde nor goo well whcrfore
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 193
he is about to be furnyshed of a lytter to be caryed in, he
hath Instanted me to have your graces \etteres of his departure
to the Quene and to Themprro//r I have caused them to be
writen in such<* a maigre sorte as I thought the cace required
it I referre to your graces pleasure the correction and signa-
ture of them. The said Chappuys desyreth moch^ that yet
afore his departure oute of the Real me he myght have agayn
accesse to and speke wzt/z your Ma/Vjtie I take it to be for
declarawon of som^ pleasant wordrj of Themp^ro7/rs good
mynde and affection your highnes may as cause shalbe to
yo;/r discretion seen Resolve and adurrtise hym of your
gracious pleasure in that behalf. My lady Kyngeston hath
benr w/t/t my and other of yo//r Majesties counseill . very
conformable she hath bene to your graces mynde and gladd
to folowe the same, most humbly thancking your highnes wzt/*
teares in her eyen and beseching yo;/r grace pardon If in any
thing she had displeased the same, behaving herself very
obedyently and of merveillouse good Inclination. W/t// like
thanks Mr. Benton and my lady his wiflf have wyllyngly
accepted the charge by your grace appoincted vnto them, very
crnest to endevoire themself<r.y to the vttermost, to fulfyll your
graciouse commandement in all pomctes There is ordre taken
for my Lorde prince assayes aswell of all kynde meates and
drink as of waters to be taken tyll your grace shal otherwise
prouide.
This day being my lord Chancelo/^- My lorde of Sussex and
the bishop of Duresme \\i\Ji my I have receyved \etterzs from
the president and conseilters of your graces counseill in the
North . dated ix° Marcij conteyning that a certain frenshe ship
laden with Scotishe goodes wetherdryven at South schelis in
the countie of Duresme whereof therle of Westmorland having
adu^rtiscmewt And by certain persons from Scotland advice
geven afore s^rched the ship. Found vnder the bagag&r in
the botom thereof a nest of Traytowrs that is to saye oon
Robert more preste of Chicester which was lately scappid from
Hexams prison. And Two Irishe men a monke and a frere
who had vrtt/t them sediciouse and Trayterouse \cttcres agenst
yottr grace directed to the bishop of Rome and to the traytowr
Pole Amongrj the which there was oon* from that yong
rebell trayter Fitzgerald to the cardinal Pole cowteynyng the
kyndnes he had founde in hym and in his and requiring him
not to put him in obliuion. But beleve the said monke . his
hand and seell be at the same. Also there be \etteres long
from an arant trayto//r Rurik bishop of Derensw in your
graces lande of Irland . his hand and grete scale at it to the
bishop of Rome declaring the calamities of the papists in
MERR1MAK. II
194 LETTERS OF [1539
Irland w/t// sundry trayterouse lyes agenst yo//r graovf officers
there. An other \cttc\o. of Crcdewce to the said pole, and
many other we have cxamyncd them . and doo fynde the
same to be cause of Disclosing many things They lacke almost
thenglishe and laten tong. Whcrfore I have put men vndrr-
stawding the Irishe and laten tong to examyne them and
write their depositions . And the same had, I shall by my
next \ft/frcs adu/rtise yowr Maiestic of the hole effect more
particularly . We thynke it as it were a myracle that god
drawe them hither to be disclosed and punished And assuredly
they thinke no lesse or greter then we doo : Their lr /Ares were
hydden in corners. But other letteres there were from Scot-
ishemen to marchauntrj of Dieppe and for certain bullcs
and dispensations to be obteyned at Rome for Scotto which
touched nothing your grac^j subicctrj nor affaires wherfore
being the same opened and p^rvsed they have ben redeliured
agayn and the frenshe ship suffred to depute. Amongw the
Scotishe \etteres there was but oon thing notable that is
Thabbot of Melrosr wrote to sorm* freend of his at Rome that
noon Indulfcf or expeditions obteyned there shuld take mo
effecte in Scotland w/t//oute the licence of their prince. The
which pwrpose I like well trusting that the mercy of god woll
cxtendc his brightnes vpon them to p^rceyve the truth of
his word and gospell to the bishops confusion. I have
despeched Michel according to yowr graavr cowmawdemewt.
Assuredly I take hym to be suche as yo//r grace Jugcth hym,
he desyretta yet to speake ones w/t// yowr grace but I remitte
the same to yowr highe discretion. I p^rceyve by his rapport
that yowr grace shewed vnto hym that the yong duck of
Cleves was deceased. And that he answered to yowr highnes
that then the duke of Saxony shuld be heyer having maryed
theldest doughter And that he is adurrtised that by a grnrral
assent of the hole countreys that in this cace the duk of
Saxony shuld enioye all And further that the dukdoms of
Cleves Julik Berghes and Gheldres have made an allyauncc
and promessc to stycke all togeder and hold ooof w/t// an
other and so he concluded that the Duck of Saxony shuld
have the Joyssance of all them But whither it be true or noo
I can not tell for themprrowrs awbassadowr about*-.? wcncsdayc
byddyng me a diew for his departure . amongrj other purposes
saide vnto me that the dukdomrs of Cleves Julik Berghes and
Geldres If the duke shal dye owe to conv to his handes for
they be Imprriall fees as he said . and that he doubted not the
duke of Saxony woll not entremedle thcrw/t// . onles sonv of
them shuld be Inheritable to the heyres general for then (he
said) the duke of Saxony shuld have the same. We shal hcare
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 195
more of it shortely. I spedd awaye yesterdaye Richard
Harman towards the paries of Julik he hath promesed
shortely to bring worde again and I thinke assuredly he woll
not faile. I have sent for sir John Cornewallys who shalbe
here a sondaye. A Thursdaye I receyved letters from
Harvel your graces seruaimt and subiect now dwelling at
Venece the oone directed to your Maieste cowteynyng oonly
thanks and some other general purpose of his good affection
I beseche your grace to regardehis goodwill and zele in good
part and consydere that w/t^in a litel tyme he shalbe bette[r]
hable to do srruice and gett experiewCe, of your gracw affaires.
The other letters be directed vnto me, cowteynyng besides
thankes certain occurrence there . your highnes shal receyve
them herew/t//. The Irishe monke p//rposed to resorte vnto
the traytowr Pole he was with hym in Fraunce and at camcrik
the last tyme that the said pole was there. I trust in the
meane tyme to be cowtinually occupied abouter thaccomplishe-
mewt of the cow/missions and other your graces proposes and
resolutions. For the which My lorde Admyral is alredy goon
to employe hymself for his part and my lorde of Suffolk is
likewise gon to Lincoln shire. I trust our duetie shalbe so
well employed to your graces s^ruice that ye shal have cause
of co//te«teme«t at the lest to take our doings in good part.
I beseche your Ma^rtie taccept our pover good willrj- and
smale power, who shalbe alwayes redy to obeye to thutter-
most your graciouse cowmaundemewtrj1 and spe«ally yc may
be assured for myn owne part being of most bounden duetie
obliged therto Thus I beseche allmyghty god to sende your
maieste acowplishemewt of all your graciouse desires Writen
at london the xiiiilh of Marche
Yowr Maiesteis most bownden subiect & seruaunt
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To the kinges most excellent and most noble Maiestie
Endd. "Letterc to the kynges MazV.rte from my lorde pr^vye
Scale
298. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Titus B. i, f. 265 ; CaL xiv. (i) 538. Mar. 17 (1539).
News concerning the preparations for war in France, the capture of the
Irish monk, and the musters going on in England. Is busy with the
Council arranging for Parliament. Advises the King to let Chapuys
leave Calais, whether Wriothesley comes or not. Cf. Letter 297.
After my most bounden duetie of honour and reverence
most humbly remewbred Please it yo//r excellente Maiestie
O a
ID'*. LKTTKRS OF [1539
to witte that according to your graciouse pleasure I and other
of your grac/j honorable counscill are crnestly employed to
fulfylle yowr highnes pleasw>v signified vnto vs and suchc
charges as we have of yo«r Royall Ma/Vjtie in suclv wise that
at yo//r return all thingcs shalbc in as good forcwardncs as
may be. My lorde Admyrall hath adu/rtiscd me by his
\(ttcres , that he is aboute and hath benr v>i\Jt most celerite
for his part to fulfyll the same. He had adurrtisemc;/t
that in all Normawdye nor in the ryver of Roan there were
no ships of werre nor prrparac/ons of any but that their was
an ydell bruyt nothing like to be true that sonv ships shuld
assemblee and gather togither at Brest in Bretayiv . Albeit
therr is no suche likelyhod at all yet . he woll sendc thither
pnvely a barke to knowe assuredly the truth thereof. Many
bruytrj Rumowrs and Rcportrj be made aswell in and from
Flaundres as in and from sonv other parties . the grounds
thereof being vnexpressed and all things well wayed not
like to be suclv indede as is reported . men may somtyme
vpon accumulac/on of suspicions and light conjectures take
a phantazie indede that their suspicions be true Other
trusting sonv false reporters which myght fortune hath
shewed them sonv true things may prrchaunce by deceyved
by them Other merking the woroVj of the Inconstant and
fyckel people bablyng abrode thinke the same can not be
so moche in the peoples mouth w/t//oute sonv ground as
smoke is not w/t//oute iyre. But for all this sowrtyme suclv
things do vanyshe awaye as the wynde . Yet nevertheles
I can not But (like as yo«r grace . of a merveyllouse high
wisedom for more assurance in all chaunc^r and occurrenfcr
maketh pnmision in tyme for defense.) so to thinke that
yowr grace woll not be further moved or pricked by suclv
reports or \etteres vpon suclv vnknowen reportes suspicions
and tales grounded than the things doo appere For assuredly
to my Jugement the things be more and further otherwise
bruted a brode then the meanyng or the Did is Assuredly
like as it is good to be ware and circumspect, So no lesse
is to be avoyded overmochr suspic/bn to the whiche if any
man be ones geven he shal never be quiete in mynd. Thies
I do not write as thinking yowr grace nedeth any warnyng
thereof being of so highe and excellent witt prude/ice and
long experience. But that I wold declare vnto yowr ma^-stie
howe I doo for my part take the things; and as I thinke
other men shuld tak then1. And that no more celerite or
prccipitac/on of things shuld be vsed then of congruencye
1 sic, for 'them.'
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 197
For vndoubtedly I take god to be not onely your graces
protecto//r but also a merveillouse favorer so that In my hert
I hold me assured although all the rest shuld have conspired
agenst your grace yet ye shal prevaile thorough his grace
Assuredly seing that nowe I vndrestande from Irland that
yo//r rebelle Desmond Byryn O nelh? and O donelle do moche
combyne and practise togeder, I thinke a myracle of the
arryvaill of the Irishe monke which was wether dryven hither .
they were iiij shipps at their departure of Scotland a forte-
nyght ere they could precede any thing foreward. And by
te;«peste iii of them drowned in thother sight wherin this
monke was dryven to this your graces lande by the wynd
wherto of all places in the world he was the most lothe to
arryve. It shalbe a grete hyndrawce to the saide Irishe
rebellfj purposes and practises whan they shal knowe them-
selfcr so to be at this tyme by the Intercepc/on of this monke
their missagrr so Interrupted We can not as yet gett the
pyth of his Credence wherby I am advised tomorrowe ones
to go the towre and see hym sett in the Brakes and by
tof/rment compelled to confesse the truth. As for commis-
sions concrmyng the bekyns they were sent more then iij
veckes agone. 1 vnderstand that som sheriffs have doon their
Duetie som p^rchaunce be as yet negligent so to doo.
letteres for the muwsters be also sent, and no doubte they
shal doo their duetie in the fulfilling your pleasure in that
behalf I see good Inclination disposiabn and towardnes of
good will in all your graces people , that by all that I can see
and heare your Maiesiie hath moch cause to thancke god
thereof , and to reioysse in yo//r owne mynde , all maner mis-
trust sett apart. As for the return of the muwsters it is not
appoincted tyll Easter by the which tyme all I trust shalbe
done and certified Then vpon the certificate thereof shal other
letteres by redy (for the spirial ayde, and nombre, eu^ry gentil-
man woll certifie to have of hym self ever in a redynes), to be sent
Incowtinewt at the arryvaill of the certificate.? of the general
muwsters. So that I trust all thinges be in a good forewardnes.
In the meane tyme I and other of your graces counseill
her* doo studye and employe ourselies dayly vpon those
affaires that concernen yo//r graces parlamewt and to prepense
and prepare in the same and other all that we may thinke to
your highnes satisfaction I thinke Chappuys woll resorte
towards your grace to see whither it shalbe yo//r pleasure to
geve vnto hym accesse or no wherupon I have thought to
shewe you my mynde concernyng his departure and licence
to go awaye Albeit it may appere yowr Ma/>jties ministres
by the tenowr of their letteres be in very grete suspition yet
LETTERS OF [1539
I thinkc for as moche as I can not jvrceyve cxpresse and
manifesto ground thereof and that as this daye there be iii
or iiii hoyes arryved oute of Flaundres laden w/t^ marchan-
dise and good numbre of money in the same, That the going
awaye of the said ambassadowr shuld not be Ictten but his
leave graunted. For it were to abhominable that they shuld
steye Mr. Wryothesley or any other yowr ministres As
I beleve for shame they will not do. Therfore wheras here-
tofore I have writen vnto yowr Ma/rrtics depute at Calais
vnder the colowr of good chere and entretenemewt to kepe
the said Chappuy there or eUes if he wold not suffer to be so
steyed by colowr of faire entreteneme«t tyll Mr. Wryothesley
shuld rcto//rnc that then he shuld saye vnto him that for
a spinal restraincte made afor the date of his passport , he
dereth not suffre him to passe tyll Mr. Wryothesley be com*
or tyll he shuld further knowe yowr highnes pleasure vpon
that spinal point requiring hym to take paciewcc. I beseche
yowr Ma.testic to declare yowr owne pleaswri and in cace the
same shalbc that he may also departe from Calais that then
it may please yowr highnes to scnde my \ttttres herewith to
my lorde deputie theflfect whereof is to co//trema«d the form/r
Ir/ATcs and that in nowise he shal steye the said Chappuys .
whether the said Wryothesley be arryved or no. Thesame
I Remitte holly to yowr highnes most prude«t disposition
and ordre Evermore assuring you that my hert geveth me
whatsoever be said or writen of suspicion yet neuirtheles
I trust ccrtaincly it shalbc but a face sett furth and in a brout
vanyshe awaye. It notwithstanding as yowr detirminac/on is
so I most humbly beseche yowr grace to precede furth to
yowr preparac/ons and to the good ordre is l begon/ alredy.
I have caused the Two Raguseys to be steyed according to
yowr graciouse mynde tyll yowr pleaswn be knowne And
likewise the Venecian at Southampton The marchaunt/j
straungirs which had their goodrj in Mr. Gonson ship to the
valowr to my Jugement of L. M1 * markrj sterling wold fayne
lade thesami vpon other botoms and conveyc thesame to be
vttred and sold as they pwrposed They sue to me to knowc
yowr graciouse pleaswri. Yowr subiectu the marchauntu of
this Towne wold ava/rture somi of them more of their good**
into Flaundres but I have steyed them at the custome house
Tyll yowr further pleaswri and resolucibn knowe The which
in this and all other things as I shal knowe so shal I not
faile to accomplish to the vttcrmost of my power. My myndc
is ever to this purpose that I shal ever mistrust my witt , or
1 sif, for ' as.' * L e. 50,000.
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 199
dies we shal fynde that all thies stowrmes of Rumows have
ben sett furth for a practise which I trust shal shortely come
to light But for all that, the cost and paines your grace
taketh nowe aboute the preparac/ons & fortifications of the
hole Realmc shalbe thought well employed. Amongcs other
for yo«r graces p^rliamewt I have appoincted yo//r Maiesties
seruaunt Mr Morisson to be oone of then1 no doubte he
shalbe redy to answer and take vp such** as wold crake or
face wttA literature of lernywg or by Indirecte wayes If any
such* shalbe as I thinke there shalbe fewe or noon Foras-
moche as I and other your dedicate conseillers be abouter to
bring all things so to passe that your Maiestie had never
more tractable parlement I have thought the said Morisson
very mete to serve yo//r grace therin Wherefore I beseche the-
same to have him in yo//r good favour as ye have had hitherto
I knowe his hert so good that he is worthy favour in dede
Thus most humbly beseching your Maze.rtie to pardon myn
Ignorance and to take this my Rude le//eres in good part.
I supplie our blessed creatowr to sende your highnes encreace
of honowr & fortunat successes and cowtynuawce of long and
Joyefull liffe. Writen at London this xviith of Marche, in the
evening.
Your highnes most humble subiect and seruaunt
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To the kingej highnes most Royall Maieste
299. (CROMWELL) TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Vit. B. xxi, f. 96; Cal. xiv. (i) 552. Mar. 18 (1539).
News concerning the success of the negotiations in Cleves, and the
attitude of the German princes. The Duke of Saxony promises to
favour the King's marriage.
My duetie most humbly remembred Please your most
noble maiestie to be aduertised that this mornyng
I hav your graces semauntes Christopher Mount and
Thomas paynel Franckford the Vth of this present
moncth Thefiect whereof is that .... of Februar last the said
Christopher had accesse to the Duk of Saxony (all
other being a fcrrc of) he declared theffect of his Instructions
th he could wherunto the Duck answered that he wold
1 sic, for ' them.'
200 LETTERS OF [1539
wrt// good will .... him self to his power to do all thing** and
nothing to prctcrmittcc or .... that myght conduce to the
p/rfection of this honest affaire And that for thjVJ singular
love and affection he bcarcth to the King™ Ma/tttic. He said
also ... he knewc no part of thothcr prince myndc But he
trusted they shuld m shortcly and be togcdcr and then
shuld he endevoir himself to thaccompl of this maticr
And that he had licver brckc and open this mater himself ....
by any other person bicausc he trusteth to spedc better hym-
self and the thi be kept mor* secretly. And whcras
the said Christopher saidc that thaffair . . required spcdy
expedition and dcsyrcd that Mr. Burgartus which had seen all
and could rcportc my good mynd and hcrt shuld be sent
thither for he could see and aficrme the same. The duk
answered that Inco«tinc//t after the asscmblcc of Franckford
he shall mete \v;t// thothcr duck and then he shal if it shal so
please your highnes he shalbe mediater and Interccsscr bitwcn
both parties. And that he wold be content to sent Burgart
thider afore but forasmoche as he is not known nor knowcth
the cowrt then* he thinked better the matier shuld be differed
tyll they shuld mete. He said also that the Comes de Aquila
moved sowtyme such a matier to your grace, And that he
had thesaid Comes so moch at his co;;/ma//dcw<-«t that he
shuld cause him to doo all the service thcrin he could. The
said Christopher Instawtcly sueth cucry day the accclerac/bn
of the matier lest som other shal prcvcntc it And that in the
meanc tyme the picture* may be sent Wherunto the duk
answered that he shuld fyndc som occasion to scnde it but
that his paynter Lucas was left sicke behynd hym at home.
Every man prayseth the beawtie of the samr lady aswell for
the face as for the hole body above all other ladys excellent.
One among*-.? other p«rposes said vnto them of late that she
excellcth as ferre the duchessc as the golden son exccllcth
the sylveryn mone. Every man prayseth her good vertucs
and honestc w/t// shamfastncs, which, appercth playncly in
the grauite of her face. Thus saye they that have seen them
both.
The said Christopher thinkcth the diete shal not be finished
biforr the last cnde of this moneth and that the mart and the
dictc shal chauncc to be at oon tymc Thelectcrs paltzgrave
and brand eburgh w;'t// the bishop of londcn thempsrot/rs am-
bassadowr employe themsclfrj to make a pacification, and to
confirmc the samr and hope to spedc. Therle of Nassau Thcrlc
of Aquila Therle Will ... a Furstemburg wit/t many Frenshe
capitaines to the nombre of xx arryved at Franckford Two
days passed and dayly gc/rtilmen more: do resortc thither.
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 201
There can as yet nothing by diffined of the conclusion
of this diete and as eu^ry man hopeth well so be they
ware that they be not deceyved or oppressed by the craft
or puyssance of the papistrj or of the TLmperour The states
protestantrj have geven their petition more then iiii day[s]
passed but as yet Themperours co/wmissionrrs have geven
no answer therto
The said Christopher doth diligentely Instante and sue for
the sending of an honorable ambassiate but he hath yet no
answer But they feale themselfor agreved and do deteste the
long dilations of our court.
This day Therle Wilh'am a furstewburg was at dyner with
the duk which asked of him what newes he awswered That
there is labour made for trewes bitw[en] Thempmwr and the
Turke. Then said the duk to what pwrpose shuld be all
thies pr^paraabns themp*v-o7*r maketh Therle answered that
other men shuld care for ... Then said the duk the bruyte is
here it shuld be agenst the king of England Then said Therle
The king of England shall nede to take hyde to him self
The same Bernard de mela reported who was present at the
dyner and desired the said Christophor to advertise your
grace thereof and have hym recowmended most humbly.
This is the hole effect of those letteres as your ma^tie may
knowe by thoriginal thereof in latin which I sende herwtt/t.
The duk of Cleves as I heare say is well recovred. If your
grace woll have any thing writen to the said Christophor we
have nowe good cowmodite of men to conveye \etteres Wher-
fore I wold be glad to knowe your graciouse pleasure herein
And also wheras my Stuard long afore this hath w*t/*dra\vcn
his wiff From my lady mary your Matties doughter, and
therupon her grace hath lately directed her \ettcres vnto her
which ye shal also have herewzt//. I beseche your highnes to
knowe your graciouse pleasure and mynd whyther she [sjhal
retowme thither or noo For assuredly nor my saide Stuard
nor she wold do nothing, to your highnes discontentac/on
wittingly for all the world.
Your maiestie may be assured that your highnes affaires in
all poinctrj can be no more accelerate and more don to their
expedic*on, then we all do to our powers which vndoubtedly
be not ydell wherfore I besecru* your grace to pardon me and
take thies in good part as I hope your maiestic of yowr
accustumed benignite woll do. So I praye almyghty god
ever to have yo«r highnes in his blessed tuition and sende
your grace honour pr<?sp*vite and long liff. Writen at London
this xviii01 of Marche.
202 LETTERS OF [1539
300. CROMWELL TO CHRISTOPHER MONT AND
THOMAS PAYNELL.
B. M. Vit. B. xxi, £.159; CaL xiv. (i) 580. Mar. 22 < 1 539).
Directs them to signify to the Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Hesse
the desire of the King for a close alliance, and to represent to them
the malice of the Pope and Emperor. They are to press for a speedy
and satisfactory answer.
After my right herty cowmendacj'ons I dated
at Frankeford the Vth of this mo afore, I wrote
vnto you by Reyner W whom I thinke ye haue
received alredy receive them. The kingrj
Maiestye hath p^rvsed theffect and tenowr of your
k/fcres, and hathe g charge to thanke you for
yowr diligence and dextre pro and to signifye vnto
you, that his grace not only mer moche, that ye
haue no manrr answer, as yet to th principall part
of the Instruction geven vnto you .... his maiestye con-
cernyng the confederacion ayde and h against the per-
secutors of the gospell, to be mvtuelly m and given
in cace of nede and hostilite, and that the pr0ceding« aboutrj
thother mater of Allyance on my behalf moved to Burgratus,
and afterward to the Duke, be so cold and slak, And that the
Duke hathe put such long dilaye to be taken therin, but
also thinketh it wound rous strange that so wise prince, as the
prince evangelical 1 be, shuld as it is reaported take as it were
a terme of trieux, vnder the colowr of pacificac/on set furthe
by all likelihode, by the papists and adurrsaries of the word
of God, to vndermyn them, And therbye to tary for the tyme,
that they may haue an occasyon to shewe thair pmurse
malice and execute thair crueltye bothe Against them, and the
sincerite of the word of god And so by litle and litle assaye
to pr^vyde for thair distruct/bn vnder the colowr of a veray
peax, whiche is neurrtheles but a clokcd and furred peax, till
they shall see thair avantage to execute thair pwrpose vpon
them And therfore his maiesties pleaswrr is, that I shuld
write vnto you And in his graces name to require and charge
you, that vpon the receipt of thise \fttercs ye shall resortc
e Duke & Landcsgrave agayn according to yo«r
nstruct/bns & l/7teres sythins that tyme by you . . . . ed,
And as for the poynt comrrrnyng the cowfederac/on
liege, yc shall declare vnto them, that the kingr* highnes
bcyng a prince that favowreth the preferment of the word of
god, aboue all other things in the woi/rld perceiving sundry
practises to be devised & p/rpcnsccl against all princes, that
favoured the gospell, thinking in dedc that like as they haue
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 203
ben the first that haue in those parties ernestly stikked
vnto it, And whom first of all the Crueltye of thewemyes of
the same wold invade and assaye (afore any other) to
oppresse, sent you thither to knowe thair myndes and inten-
c/ons whither they woll styk to the same, As his maiestye
doubteth not but they woll do in dede And in that cace, they
wold for thair defence make any cowfederaczons or lieges, that
ye shuld shewe vnto them, that for the singuler zele, his
maiestye hathc to the oppression of all abvses, his highnes
wold be glad to be adu^rtised therof, and cowtent vpon
reasonable and honest cowdic/ons to entre a liege for mutuel
ayde on bothe syd^j in cace of nede to be given, as it shuld
be reasonably advised bitwen^- them, Requiring them to cow-
syder, that your sending thither by his highnes, after the
respect of god was most for thair love pr^fyte and defence,
For thawked be our lord, ye may affirme vnto them, his
maiesty feleth his forces and strength to be such, that in so
just a querrell as the mayntena/mce of the word of god is,
his grace trusteth Christ hymself wol be so good a protectour
and sheld to hym that he doubteth not, but to defende his
oun from the Iniurye also to put them to suche an
afterd cause to be warr at all tymes of any-
thing against his maiestye, be And therfore you shall
require them, that they v/it/t mvtuel correspondence of
kindenes make . . . answer, as to your gentle sending thither,
And to maiesties good will it apprrteyneth, Further
declaring vnto them that veray lothe his highne[s] wold be to
see any of them to be trapped, vnder or deceyved, or
to take any harme or prejudice at t[he] papists h&ndes, who
do studye nothing somoch as to disparple, devyde and dis-
sever them, so as thair strengthes being divided, they might
easely distroye oon after another, and sel^e thair occasion
vtitA protract of tyme vnder colour of pacificacion, the opor-
tunite, vtterly to destroye them ; but neu^rtheles, his highnes
remitteth the cowclusyon of thair affaires vfitj any Ambas-
sadowrs or pacificatowrs there to thair good discreabns, not
doubting, but they woll forsee and forethinke such practises l
As vnder colowr of symplicite and good faithe be wrought
against them, not only to thair detriment , but also to the
detryment of all others that pr^fesse the Evangelicall trueth,
wherunto the kingw highnes hathe a speciall regard, seyng
that after thair ou^rthrowe as begynn^rs of the abolicion of
abvses the papists shuld afterward attempt against his grace,
being of the kinges the first that hath bawnished out of his
1 £. o. against them
204 LETTERS OF [1539
Rcalmc, the vsurped power of the bishops of Rome and his
sete, and abolished his suprrsticions Requyring and
pressing them therfore that ny further protract or
delayes they woll send inges highnes thair resolute
mynd and Intcnc/on [alnd to shewe themselfcr no les grate-
full and thankfull to take and accept his good will and zele
towards them, then it hath preceded of his highnes, to haue
sent you thither, And so plainly to shewe his graces mynd
vnto them Inducing them to give you som resolute awswer
without further protract, by all suche reasons as your dis-
cation1 (seing the c/rcuwstantrj therof) may better gether
and allege for yowr pwrpose, and for inducing them to send
ernestly som person or persons Instructed to conclude wit// his
maiestyc, or e\\fs to give you full adurrtisment of thair
purposes and pr0cedingr*.
Also ye shall shewe vnto Burgratus, or to som of your
honest trusty frendrj, by whom ye may think, that it may
next come to the Duk^ and Landisgrave eare that of late the
Kingfs highnes hath ben adurrtised howe the bishop of Rome
and his adherenter haue entrcd ernest Counsail, and diviscd
by what manrr practises they might first and the next
waye precede to destroye and vttrrly abolishe the mayn-
tenowrs of Christ^ worde, deprcssowrs and cowtempnrrs
of thair Indult/-j suprrsticions and abvses, And that for sundry
diversities of opynyons, they could not as yet resolve vpon the
most facilitc to bring thair pwrposes to passe, som of that
Counsail, and the most were of the opynyon, fyrst to stopp
that well whens (as they say) the matrr is sprong against
them, meanyng Cuwtrcy and other Evangelical 1 p
whom they thought Quo Jure by the meanes of som of
tharchbishop adherents to Ryd and dispeche out of
th of them, And specially suche as were induced
Traytowr Pole Cardinal!, were of the opynyon . . . forasmoch
as the Kinges highnes of England bein[g] oon of the three
most principall princes, and had most openly rcicctcd, the
bishop of Romcs vsurped auctoritc, And abolished it in his
Realm And by whose meanes other might take example as
folowing his title of the defensowr of the faith, and beside
that bicause they cstcme his maiestyc of such strength, that if
they could fynd the waye to cow/passe to bring his grace (as
god forbyd) to an overthrow then thinkc they the rest of the
prince Evangelicall shuld haue no boldcncs to dcfcndc thcm-
aclfcr, but shuld ycld at the bishop of Romes pleasure and
that therfore the waycs shuld be compassed against them for
1 sif, for ' discretion.'
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 205
that purpose, Hitherto ther be grete likelyhodde that the
papists intended first against the Prince of Almayn as
thcffect of thair practises and intelligence hath declared, And
to sett forth thair malice against the kinge maiestye they
haue groundid a bull vpon the devorce, which is nowe of
a long season out of question, The abolicion of his vsurped
Auctorite, and the putting to execua'on Fysher, the Cardinall
of S* Vitale, as they called hym Bishop of Rochester
thair champyon conteynyng of fulmynac/ons and
Censures that can be gined against his maiesty &
subiecte, And so as s grace is aduertised they loke but
only for thair oportunite to set as they shall see cause vpon
thone part or ihoiher, as they may spye most to thair
adutf/mtage And that so having the things in suspence, the
bishop of Rome and his adherents do studye, nothing more
then to haue the prince of thair alliance to be at a peace and
trues not only bitwen themselfe, but also w/t/z the turke and
other to thentent that they may extinguishe the veray sincere
sorte of the Evangelicall prince, and thair assisters. What
the[y] ment against the Princes of Almayn, the dede do
shewe, What they haue entewded against the kinge highnes
a grete Rumour hath ben spred abrode but as yet the prince
worde p/*rporte rather to the contrary that they woll medle
in no wise w/'t// his maiestye, but that they wold kepe thair
treatyes and amite, For and if they did they shuld be veray
like, to haue the worst ende of the staff, and the mischief at
the last, to fall vpon thair hedde.
Trueth it is that the brute hath been veray sore that
themprronr wold convert his strength and power against the
kinge maiestye, and also the frenchc king at the bishop of
Romes intercession, For non other cause then for mespr/sing
and avoyding of his abvses and mayntenyng of the word of
god f thcr be non at all, ner for any questyon
therof cessing, ner for then godde oun, and the fame
and hath ben extended to the forthest part of Christ-
endom And the hole assemble at frankeford hath .... and
yet neurrtheles, they haue made at that as though it
had ben nothing of iwportawce, A[nd] wynked at it, as it is
manifest, And though a well wayed and considered
the same is thair oun cause and mater forasmoch as the malice
the papiste do pretend against the kinge maiestye is
grounded vpon non other cause or foundament then thair
envye at the Religion, which is common no les arrected to the
princes of Almayn then to the kinge maiestye. Ye may as
of yourself lament to som of your frende ther, by whom ye
shall think it may come to the Duke eare and knowlaige, or
MM LETTERS OF [1539
elks yf yc shall see cause vpon som good occasion taken,
shewe vnto the duke and lawdisgrave as of your self, that
whcras the king« highnes (affore his grace kncwe of any
practise or iwdignacion against hym) hath sent you, for the
zele his highnes beireth vnto the gospell, and sincere doctrine
of christ to declar[e] vnto them, that vpon honest and reason-
able cowdic/ons he wold not refuse to condescend to som
mvtuel aide fence of the gospell, yet neu^rthelcs
as the tyme did nothing touche them, but as c
wynkyng thorugh thair fyngrrs, not only, they haue given no
adurrtismewt or admonicion to the king« maiestye of such
Rumowrs and brutrj as they haue herd by the cowmon voyce,
or by thair iwtellegeno'.y as correspondence of gratuite reqw/rcd
ner offred his grace any manrr of ayde or helpe to the defence
of the cowmon Army, which could not haue ben taken at his
maiestyes hand, but veray thankefully and gently, but also
they haue and do as yet reteyn you there w;t//out any resolute
answer, And although his maiesty shall by the grace of god
be both liable to defend his Realme, and to offend the is/vasors,
yet they might have considered, that virtus vnita vincit, dis-
prrsa decrescit and that ther shuld be nothing so terreble and
fearfull to the papists, ner more to the encoragement of the
Evangclicall company, then to see all the pr0fesso«rs of the
same ioyncd and vnited togeder in an indossoluble knott,
affirmyng for certayn that if the king« highnes had seen and
known them to be so bruted, and by Rumowrs thretened his
grace wold haue offred hymself to give vnto them adu/rtis-
me«t monicion ayde and succours as to the cace apprrteyned,
•with such other good allegac/ons beside those as ye m
conduce, to haue them somw[hat] .... ourrsight & slakencs,
in shewing .... gratuite, And by that for to pryk th
redubb the same, and give you more f . . . . answer, for the
recompence of it, w/V* expedicio[n] As for the mater of the
Alliance wherof I .... the charge vnto you touching Cleves
sollicit . . . yc to haue an answer, and if ye shall prrc[eive] in
them any vntowardcnes or long dclayes that then having
your answer touching thothrr mater ye shall no further presse
them for the maters of allyauncrj, but take yowr iorney hither
thorugh the Duke of Cleves domynions, and therr, to mete
vtith the Kingfs oratowrs ther, Doctowr Owton, and Mr. Berde,
and so to communicate w/tA them thaffaires co«o-rnyng thair
commission, and so to reto;/rne hither w/t// diligence, as ye
shall see cause accordingly. Thus fare ye hirtely well From
London this xxij* of Marche.
Your louyng freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 207
Add. To my loving frenckr Christopher Mount And
Thomas paynell the king**.? Agents in Alemayn.
Endd. My LordV.? let/eres to to1 C: Mont and Thomas
paynell xxiido Marcij.
301. (CROMWELL) TO WRIOTHESLEY.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 405. (March, 1539.)
Information concerning the attitude of the Emperor, which seems very
threatening. Wriothesley and Came are to take leave and return to
England, Stephen Vaughan remaining in their place.
Mr Wrothesley after my most afifectuouse co;;/mendac/ons
wit/I request that in all aduersities ye shalbe lik yourself
euermore of good confort as I2 trust to god that bydyng by, ye
shall overcome all the knottrj of difficulte. We prrceyve the
state of things by your last \etterzs of the XXVth of the last
moneth and howe after faire wether there is succeded beyond
all mens expectaczon 3 a wether very clowdy Good wordes
good cowtenaunce be towrned as we pwceyve to a wounder-
full strangenes4. But let that passe5, o We trust to god he is our
hope, what shuld we fear he woll defende his owne cause, howe
and after what fashon we leave it to his divine pr0uid^«ce Be
ye allwayes of good confort. We lack nor hert nor corage c.
Your letteres yesterdaye I declared to the kingrj highnes
whose maieste having the nyght afor* receyved letters from
Mr. Wyat doth p^rceyve that in Spayne all things be waxen
from colder to coldest 7. Pole is lately arryved there In con-
clusion Themperour sayeth to the treties alleged agenst his
reception that If he were his owne traytowr cow/myng from
that holy (scilicet) father of R(ome) he can not refuse him
audience. For the matier of mariage wzt// the duches of
Millan nowe all the steye is vpon the dispensation whiche
they as it may be taken obiecte nowe for a delaye as the most
dificulte wherof they never spak of afore. As for any treatie of
streighter allyaunce they saye in dede that they shal not fayle
to obs^rue the hole tenour of their treaties 8 I praye god they
1 sic. not shall fall vpon their neckw and
* c. o. doubt not but shalbe their owne Rod
' c. o. and agenst all right and * c. o. and shal not be faced w;'tA
reason a bragg
4 c. o. and that so vnkyndely and 7 c. o. and from sowr to bytter
so beyond any honest mens ex- 8 c. o. but they wold have aucto-
pectac/on, that no wit is so dull but rite to glose them at their pleasur.
he shuld nwveill at it We pmreyve they practise sormvh.it
8 c. o. their Inordinat mynd and the botom of the pott. We knowe
doings their extreme Ingratitude we not but we tak it for a bragge but
trust at the last yea and we doubt nevertheles
•J<»s LETTERS OF [1539
doo so we mistrust som practises1, and thcrfor^ as good
prudence reason and policy requireth we shal erncstly lok to
o//r2 ownc defense Whatsoeu/r happeneth lett them lok to
have no a vantage. a If they 4 do vs displease///- whereof we
wold be lothe but if they do constrayn vs we shal shewe 5 the
best we can whiche shalbe Inough Wherefore his mzieste after
long consyderac/bn ' ivrceyving nothing 7 but very 8 delayes
and 9 litel effect lik to *° succed therr hath willed me to signific
vnto you, that declaring vnto the Queen Regent the coldnes n
and long protracte of the maticrs w/t^out lyklyhod of any
cxpcdic/on 12 his gnrciouse pleasure and co;//mandeme//t (is)
that ye shal desire yowr leave and licence of her and wit/* all
diligence gett yourself13 (away) and retorne hither 14 into the
kingrj dominions as I wrote vnto you by my last Ifttfres For
howsoever ye shal (be) dismissed thens assuredly thambas-
sadowr Chappuy being herr shall 15 have his leave to departe
hens 16 wit/* favour and honorably if he shal prrsiste to require
it. In asking of his leave he made no grete mension to go
thider for expedition of thaffaires Where ye have charge, but
in manrr as it were at the Quenes calling or for his puwticuler
matiers " I can nott tell what I shuld saye. We have ben
ther old unfeyned freendV^ and it semeth that for a Reward
they wolbe18 faine towards vs. God is above vs all Tak yowr
leave as honestly and witA as ls> good pr0testac*bns to all M
pxrsones ther<* as ye can according to yowr former lr//rres.
And after yo//r departure appoincte Mr Vaughan as the
kingcs graciouse pleasure is tyll his further pleasure be known
to attende vpon the governance therr in yo//r absence21 And
that Mr. Kerne retowme witA you wherein nevertheles ye
shal vse such discreobn therein as If any evill malice wen*
ment ** ye maye disapoincte it, the circuwstancrj and know-
lege of the particularites therr, may instruct yowr prudent
1 ftt the margin : they can do vs 10 c. o. spede or
no harm but to their owne dctri- " c. o. ye fynde and the vnto-
mcnt wardncs they shewe
* c. o. self« as though it were '• c. o. of the Matiers
most crnest and emcst agayn so *' c. o. awaye thens and reporte
that " c. o. you and M* Kerne
• c. o. at our handes ld c. o. never
4 c. o. bcgyn ones M c. o. tyll we may knowe that ye
6 c. o. that we be men and of be in surctic of yo.vr p<v sone
suche sorte in hert as the shape " c. o. or at the Quenes calling
shewcth owteward. u c. o. our newe enemys
* c. o. of their practises can " c. o. honest
7 c. o. that wayes *° < . o. the nobles
' c. o. fayntisc and dissimulac/on n c. o. and Mr Kerne to
• c. o. no * c. o. by them to
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 209
circumspection what ye have to doo l. I thinke that your
retourne wolbe vttt/t all celerite yet nevertheles I doubt not
but If the case shal require ye will aduertise vs of alle notable
occurrences that in the meane tyme may chaunce and that
shuld be provided for.
302. CROMWELL TO (SIR RICHARD RICHE).
R. O. CaL xiv. (i) 679. Apr. 3 (1539).
Desires him to make out and deliver to the bearer letters patent, for a
pension of ^80 to the late Abbot of Wigmore.
In my right harty wise. I cowmend me vnto you. And
forasmoche as the Icings maiesties pleasure ys that the late
Abbot of Wigmore shall haue for his yerly pension the some
of fourscore pounds sterling. I desire you w/t/* convenyent
spede to cause the king« \etfcres patents therof to be made
and sealed in the accustumed maner, and delivered to the
berer herof according to the kingrj highnes pleasure in that
behalf, thus fare ye hartcly well. At my house in london the
third day of Apriell.
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Endd. A letter from my lorde pryvy scall for the pensyon
of the late abbott of Wygmore
303. CROMWELL TO SIR EDMUND KNYVETT.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 706. (Apr. 6, 1539).
Advises him to agree to the election of Mr. Southwell and Mr. Wyndham
for the next Parliament, as it is the King's pleasure that they be
chosen.
Aftre my right harty cowmendac/ons having receyved your
"Letteres of the seconde of this present, I p^rceyve by the same
your gentle affection towards me wtt/i your desire to knowe
myn aduisc touching the knightly of the shire for Norffblk,
thelection of whom shalbe the xiiiith of this monethe at
Norwhich For answer wherunto like as for thone parie I doo
right hartely thank you, and shalbe gladd to consider your
good wil as occasion and convenient oportunyte woll strue me,
Soo for thother parie touching the knighter of the shire
1 c. o. At the dispeche of the not to have answer of thes nor of
bring^r of yo«r last l*//*res my his but at your co/wmyng or a litel
loving seniaunt knight was not before thinking
arryved vnto you Wherfor I lok
MKRRIMAN. II
210 LETTERS OF [1539
I hauc thought mctc to signific vnto you, that of trouth the
king« Ma/>jte is wcl inclyned to haue Mr Southwcl and
Maistr Wyndam elected and chosen to supplic those Romcs
at this parliament. Wherunto myn aduise shalbc that you
shal conforme yowrself not for that I doo thinke either of
them more hable for the office thcnne yowrself But bicausc
they being also convenient for the same, and partcly myndcd
by his highnes, I wold all my Freendcs in the nombr* whcrof
I doo accept you shuld in al things applic thcmsclfcr to
satisfic his grace as apperteynethe. Thus Fare you hartely
wel. From london this Ester daye.
Your assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my loving Freend Edmund Knevet of Buckenam
castle csquier.
Endd. my lorde & Master to Edmonde Knevett
304. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, f. 195 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 775. Apr. 12 (1539).
Requests him to permit his successor Tate to have as much plate and
stuff as he can spare, at a reasonable price.
Mr. Wyat after my right herty and most aficctuousc
co#*me«dac/ons to you I adurrtissc you of the receipt of
yo//r \fttercs of the xxix*11 of Marchc last by yo//r postc
Nicholas and also of yowr other \e Meres by the waye of
FlaunoVrs of sundry dates as the xvi"1 and xviii111 of the same
moneth the which and yowr good diligence and office therin
ministrcd the kingtt Ma/tttie takcth very thankfully and
pwrposeth to Remember the same accordingly. His highnes
hath despechcd this berer Mr Tate yo;/r successowr In poste
for the causes whichc he shal declare vnto you. I praye you
that for my sake ye will helpe him of such yowr plate and
stuff for his furnishcmcwt as ye maye spars for reasonable
price and to shewe vnto him yowr favour and gcwtilnes as
I double not therof. He shal declare vnto you the diligence of
yowr cuwmyng and why his grace woll have it accelerated
I praye and advise you to ordre it so diligently as may be to
his gracu satisfaction. And so bicause he can declare you all
manrr newes by mouth wit^oute any further recitaill Fare ye
hertely well From london this xij"1 of Aprill.
Yowr assuryd louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 211
Add. To my veray loving freend Sir Thomas Wyat knight
gentilman of the king^r Chamber and his graces ambassado/fr
wr't// themperour
Endd. From my lorde prevy seall by Mr. Tate the xij of
Aprill to Tolledo
305. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Titus B. i, f. 267 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 781. Apr. 16 (1539).
News of the diet at Frankfort, and of the doings of the Emperor, who is
too much occupied about other affairs to think of England now.
Please it your most excellent highnes, My very bounden
duetie remewbred to your most noble Royall maieste, to
vnderstand That even nowe I have receyved newes from the
man of Antwerp which your highnes wote of writen in broken
English of the Date of xj of Aprill , present moneth. Theffect
whereof is That in Germayn the Christen prince assembled
have as yet no answere from Themperour . but they loke dayly
for it and also for the conclusion of all the practike The said
man writeth the said xj of Aprill he receyved \etterzs of the
xxiiijth of Marche from Toledo in Spayne by the which he
vnderstandeth , that thexchaunge of CLm1 1 crones made by
the Fowlkers and Welsers to be paid in Augstburg wit/tin
ij monethes shal serve for to assemble fotemen to be conduced
to Geanes for to go wtt/t Themperours shippes which he
hatlv vndoubtedly prepared for Barbaria But forbicause
Themperesse is veray sicke and -with chyld and her tymc
to be brought to bedd wzt/nn ij or iij monethes vntyll suche
tyme as she be well "Themptrour doth not thinke to departe
oute of Spayn Wherfore he Jugeth that the Englishemen
ought not to feare any thing the flete of Themperour For
they be all ordeyned for Barbaria as he saieth he hath* ever
writen. He thinketh that thadmyral of the lowe countreye is
nowe vpon the see w*t/j all the flete for spayn and his person
shal passe no further but retowrne agayn to the lowe contreyes
by land Englishemen may assuredly make their rekenyng that
Ihemperour hatlv cause to think elleswhere then vpon them.
And for the verification and proue hereof as he allegeth to
have writen heretofore. Themperour hath* not cowsewted to
the popes desires nor that his Mandementer shuld be published
neyther in Spayn neyther in any other his dominions. That
englishemen shuld be destroyed both bodyes and goodes
wheresoever they could be found As that pope wold they
1 i.e. 150,000.
P a
212 1.1 TTI-RS OF [1539
shuld be which desires although he calleth them Sanctissimo
yet we ought to repute tyra/missimo and so the world ought
to Juge seen that he procedeth w/t//out reason. But the
worde of god shall lasse in etcrnu;// and the truth shal have
place in spytt of the devill The newes in Antwerp from
Themprrowrs cowrt be that aboute the later ende of Maye
the said emprrowr shal take his waye towards the frenshe
king And his Army surely go vpon Barbarya. The duchesse
of Myllan is no more sicke and in Antwerp is hope that yet
yowr highnes shall marye her. The xxiiij"1 of Marche last the
said man of Antwerp receyved letteres from Rome from
a freende of His The tenowr of his \etterzs worde by worde
by this as he wryteth Here at Rome we heare nothing of any
maner busyncs but that the myndet and will of thise prrsoncs
is well knowen as it may be better consydered then told.
The practise that nowe goth aboute here bitweiv the Twayn
is w/t//outc that the thyrd have any part in it and so clere as
your freendes at Lyons and Antwerp may more never discover
the truth. As for me I have thought tyll nowe that it had
bcnr but a fayned thing and an opinion vulgarr wj't/routc any
fondation. But syth/v/j that in diu^rse parties there is
conformable talking of it I thinke therupon and it semeth
vnto me to be of good lykelyhod That the oone of the felowes
that is ever gladd to hold and kepe in hand is for to sett the
other in som^ snare or tanglyng, and that he doth for the
sarru? geve him faire wordrj to feade him witA Albeit he hath
no mynde to conv to theflfect And that if he shuld comr to it
p^radvewture he thinketh to leave him in the daunce and
Revolve himself to sonv other place. By the which way
the other shuld remayne quyte of such things as be
demaunded of him or the felowe shuld lese sonv steye of
freende if he have any with danger to make banke rota,
which shuld be more pleaswr* to the other then to sec his
cncreasse In this cacc (he writeth) if I were asked of conseill
being I wx't//outc the Arte of divination, I could non other
but holde my peace. Sithens this iij monethes it rayncthc
here styll. Of the Turke is litel talking and here is not seen
any apparat to ofiende him The xxiiij"1 of March Petro
Bembo hath ben published cardinal Hitherto is theffect of
the \tttercs fro Rome, worde by worde which is somwhat
darke but I take the Two to be Themprrowr and the Frenshe
king and the third the bishop of Rome, and to my Jugemewt
he meyncth them. I double not but your high wisedom may
better Juge of all the samr than I.
This daye I have writen your gracrj advises to your
struauntts Christopher mount and Thomas paynell to be
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 218
declared vnto the duke and Landsgrave as your highnes
prescribed vnto me Other newes I have not to write vnto
your highnes Wherefore Requiring your grace to take thies
my rude \ettcrts in good part I beseche Almyghty god to
cowtynue and encreace, your pn?sperite and honour with
helth long to endure From London this xvith of Aprill.
Your magestes most humble subiect and seruaunt
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To the kingrj most excellent Royall Maieste.
Endd. Letfere to the binges Ma/>jte from my lord pryvey
Scale
306. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS WYATT.
B. M. Harl. MSS. 282, ff. 197-8 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 782*. Apr. 16 (1539).
Desires his return, as the King wishes to know certain things which he
can only impart orally. Urges him to discover the Emperor's inten-
tions before his departure.
Mr Wyat after my right herty commendations to you
forasmuch as the kingcs maiestie hath muche hert to know
what is the mater that ye can not write but declare by mouth,
Therfore his grace willeth ye shall \vi\Ji all possible diligence
returne, and in cace ye can not so sone com the king^j
mantes will is that ye shal make the shortiest abode there
ye can, and in the meane tyme because of your better
accointaunce ye shall inquire what themp^rowr woll this
yere or go out of spayne or where icaaenst 2 the turkye, or
barbarowse and how all stondyth bytwene fraunce and
thempmwr and news ther Thus bicause this berer can
Infourme you of the newes . I shal w*t//oute longer Recitaill
cowzmitte you to almyghty god. From london this xvith
of Aprill.
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my veray loving freend S/> Thomas Wyat Knight
gentilman of the binges prive chambre and his graces ambassa-
dowr wrt// Themp^rowr.
Endd. From my lorde prevy sele by Nich^/as the xvi* of
Aprill to tolledo
1 This letter is. also calendared * For * where icaaenst ' the ca-
by mistake as of the year 1538 lendar has 'wrrie agent,' i.e. 'war
(vol. xiii. (i) 780). against'
214 LETTERS OF [1539
307. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
15. M. Titus B. i, f. 271 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 806. Apr. 19 (1539).
News from Frankfort Arrival of an Italian with recommendations from
Wittenberg. Examination of the Marchioness of Exeter.
My most humble and bounden Duetie remembred to your
excellent maiestic It may please the same to be aducrtiscd
that as this present dayc I had not failed to sett foreward
and prepared that as tomorrowc I myght have wayted and
gcven my due and pr^missed attendaunce vpon yowr highncs ,
but that I fyndc vpon me some grutge of an ague and thinkc
that w/t^standing the first bruwtes by the sparing of oon* or
two dayes I shalbe the better hable to cowtynue my duetic
of smiice towards yo//r grace many moncthes and yercs , and
yet in the meane tyme I shal not be ydell but Intende to
yowr maiestics srruicc as I have donr hitherto , and shall as
long as god shal geve me breth and power to styrr. I have
sithens my last Lr//rres Receyved adurrtisementrj from yo//r
grac*j oratowr in Flaundres Stephan Vaughan a grete part
wherof your highncs hath had alredy, part of them as
thadvise of the bishop Lundcnsw Thcmpmwrs ambassado.vr
in Frankford. We hard not afore but seen they advise to
take such waye as his Jugemcwt is they shuld doo so I thinkc
bicause it shal not be easy to them to compasse their purpose
that at the last their entrcprises shal conv to nothing, and so
in space shal appere goddrj grace. In yo//r k7/rres by the
said Vaughan writen to your Ma/>jte the matiers may be
seen more at large , and for that pwrposc I have Joyncd them
hercw/t// Vpon the lr//rres sent vnto me by yo//r highnes
most honorable counseill. The marquise hath ben^examyned ,
and In effect , albeit she pretendeth Ignorance and no know-
lege of the prrson that shuld reporte the tale, yet newrtheles
she confesseth in substance , the moche like word« to have
ben told her. I shall assayc to the vttermost of my power ,
and never cesse tyll the botom of her stomacke may be clercly
opened and disclosed , and to that shal I not be slack , to
th intent that If I may pycke oute the same and be as hclthy
as I trust to make mcself , I shall on mondayc next by mouth
declare the sanv vnto yowr highnes more then I could by any
writing. I trust allmyghty god shall bringe all thingrr to
lyght that any vngodly and vntrue prrsons have cowspired
agenste your grace as hitherto (prayscd by god) it hath ben
seen. The ernest and true examynation of Leynham shewcth
that of a long season he hath bcnr a madd prophete assuredly
as ferre as any man may Juge the man is but a pyvyshe foule
and no partc of the sprite of true prophetic can be found in
hym, many such foules have bcnr in tymcs and as I thinke
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 215
the feld of the world woll never be w/t/ioute such noyefull
wedd^r amongest the good corne, but hervest shal I trust
make an ende of them. Here arryved yesterday oon^ hier-
onymo an Italian of Senes , a man of moche outward simplicite
and as weake lernyng as ferre as I can pmreyve he fledd the
persecution of the papists in Italy and went, to witteberg
where he hath benc but a litel season yet nevertheles he hath
letteres of co;«mendac*bn from Martin luther, philip melanchton
Creutziger Oziander and other lerned men , and therew/t/*
some \etterts to my lord tharchbishop of Canturbery and to
your grao\y Chapleyn Mr. Thyxstyll . the simplicite of the
man and his Rude appareill and behaviowr shewe the man
not to be in my Jugemewt gretely suspected I have sent him
to the said Archbishop as well for to Juge of his lernyng as
also for to helpe him as he shal see cause. I have receyved
letteres from my lord of NorfiW£ which I sende herwit/i to
thentent that your highnes may knowe howe grevousely his
lordship taketh the assignemewt I have made to Anthony
Rouse of oone of Sir Edward Ichinghams doughters . who
by all the very true aduertisementes that I can have is your
Majesties warde and to your graces vse appoincted to the
custodye of the said Rouse I am sory he taketh the mater
so moche to hert. seen the said Antony Rouse hath ben and
is reported an honest and Indifferent man. I remitte the
resolution and disposition of the hole matier to your highnes .
Not doubting but your most excellent wisedom can weyeng
the matier, weye also therwit/i , My said Lorde the duke of
NorfiV&\r good merits and determyne the best in that mater
to be fulfylled and accomplished accordingly. I beseche your
Mateste to take myn avsewce in good part and to excuse my
default of promesse for this tyme Prayeng almyghty god to
sende your grace full acco;«plishement of all your most noble
desires. From London this xix111 of Aprill
Your highnes most humble subiet & seruauntc
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To the Kinges most noble Maieste.
Endd. Lettere to the kinges Ma/Vjte from the "Lord prevy
scale
308. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Royal ;C xvi, 143 ; Cal. xiv. (ii) App. 22. (Apr. 1539.)
Recommendation for the bearer, who is a wise and loyal man, and can
give a good account of affairs in Flanders.
Pleaseth it your Royall Maiestie to be aduertised, that this
berer is oon^ of them whiche I sent into Flaunders and alongist
216 LETTERS OF [1539
all the cost of the same, he cannc assuredly ccrtifie your
hieghncs of all occurraunto, I bcsechc your hieghnes to here
him, he is bothe a wise man and your true srruawnt and sub-
iccte. The matiers in those parties be no thing as they hauc
been reaported, as yowr Maieste shall well prrceaue by this
bcrer Whom yowr hieghnes shall in all doings fmdc a pithie
man, As knoweth almightic god who ever preserue yowr
hieghnes in long licflf, good health, and ever to haue yowr
hertrj desire. Written at london this present Wedensdaie
Yowr hignes most humble subicct and s^ruawnt
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To the King« Hieghnes.
Endd. My Lorde P. S. to the Y^inges Maj>jte.
309. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Nero B. vi, f. 5 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 834. (Apr. 23, 1539).
Information concerning letters written to the English ambassadors on
the Continent. News of the probable invasion of Christendom by
the Turks, and of the relations of France and Spain.
My most bounden duetie of reuerence and honowr to yowr
maicstc right humbly remembred It may like the same to
wite that to my grete regret sorowe and displeasowr by reason
of certain accesse of a fever tertian that is com vpon me I am
compelled to be nowe absent and to forbeare such myn atten-
daunce vpon yowr Royall highnes as sundry wayes I am bounde
vnto and as I pwrposed yesterdaye in the mornyng and made
meself redy to have don whan my fytt of the ague casted me
downe and held me in a grete hete aboute a x howres, the
payne of the disease greveth me nothing so moch as that doth
that I cannot be as I shuld there present and employe my
power to yowr gracrj affaires and seruice as my hert desyreth
to do but I trust so to w/t//standc myn c/mcmy the fever in
the very begywning and eere ever it shal have more hold vpon
me that I trust shortely to ouercomi it. In the meane tymc,
I doubte not but yowr bontcousc and benigne grace of his
accoustumed clemency woll hold me for excused, and thereof
I besechc yowr Ma&rte most humbly. I have in this mcane
space devised a fowrme of Instructions for Mr. Sadleyer the
which I thought to have brought meself and have knowen
yowr gratiouse pleasure therupon. Thesame shall yowr
highnes receyve herew/t//. Prayeng yowr MaiXrte to take
my pore devise in good port, and graciousely to supplie my
dcfawto thcrin. I have also in the mean tyme writen in to
1.539] THOMAS CROMWELL 217
Flaundres to Mr. Vaughan your Oratowr to seke and knowe
hovve after what fashon the hulkfj shalbe dismissed in holawd
why they have ben discharged from their voyage and other
like things and thereof tadurrtise. To M™ Wotton and
Berde I have writen that If they can gett the picture of
the Lady, that Mr Berde shal retowrn hither w*t/* diligence
therwitA and Mr. Wotton to tarye there tyll he shal have som*-
more effectuall answer etc. To M™ Christopher and Paynell
I have also writen that they shuld warn the prince not to
moch to trust to faire wordes, and to consyder why and
to what pwrpose the exchange of the CLM1. d0* 1 shuld be
made etc. ebchorting them to the Inculcation thereof etc.
And diligently to so sollicite an answer. After the dispeche
of Mr Tate I have sent Nicolas yottr currcwr in to spayne
to cause Mr Wyat to prepare his Instructions and advises to
Mr. Tate agenst his comyng and that he may as shortely as
he can resorte in poste to your highnes for the satisfaction
of your mynde concur nyng that mater which he could not
write but onely shewe to your grace by mouth . By the said
Curro/*r I addressed also my \ctteres to My lord of Hereford
advising him of such occurrence as we hadd. And from him
(to my grete merveille as yet I have receyved no maner
\ctteres) nor from any other also, but I have evermore w*'t// dili-
gence (as ever I shal) sent thesam^ to your MazVjtie. Newes
oute of other partes we have non, but oute of Flaundres, that
is howe the hulke were cowtremawded to retowrn back The
sending of Andelo, in post to the bishop of Rome to Andreas
de Auria, to the venicie[n]s and to reto?/rn w;t//in xlv days .
That thempm>«r pwrposeth to conv in to flandres, and that
the Frenshe king wold have him to passe thorough his Realme
but he entewdeth not so to do and therfore it is thought that
Andelo is sent to make his excuses, And suche other poincies
which your grace is alredy adurrtised of. By other \etteres
and aduertisementrj the sam^ be confirmed to be true . And
also It is writen that the prince in the Diete of Franckford
are not agreed and that there Diete shalbe , proroged tyll
mydsowmer and concluded at Colonia but of this I beleave
nothing of certainte not doubting but yo?/r grace orato/*rs
there shal geve dilige«t adurrtiseme/zt, If any such thing shuld
be. Mons*Vwr de Marrillac the Frenshe kingly ambassadowr
sent me worde that he had som^ newes not of grete importance
to make me participant of, requiring to knowe whan I myght
have leasure to heare him wherupon seing meself in myn
accesse of fever I sent Solemont vnto hym desyriwg hym to
1 sic. The Calendar has 'crs,' but in the MSS. it is clearly 'd**'
('dollars' for ' thalers ' ?).
218 LETTERS OF [1539
have me excused, and no lessc to declare vnto hym than he
wold to mesclf. His dcclarac/bn was that by the \cttfres
of Mons;V//r dc Rangon and by other adurrtisementrj he had
advise that assuredly the Turkc made merveillouse prrpara-
cj'ons both by sec and by land to Invade Chrw/cndom, and
that alrcdy he had sent a grete Armye towards Castro nouo
which the Veneciews toke from him to recover it If he can.
And that the Sophy King of Perse had an oratowr wi'tA the
Turke. And Intrrroged by the said Soulemont whither the
said Turke wold converte his forces he answered that he was
extremely sett and bent agenst the Vencciens and that he
was vtterly determyned to extincte them, and to put them
to the worst aslong as he shal have any power .And that
of peace or trewes he shuld never take noon* w/tA the said
Veneciews. that Grittj of Venise was in Turky in dede but
he pretended not to be as Oratowr of the Vencciews but as
a sutowr to have certain goodrj which George Grittj his
brother (who died in turkye) had left vnto him at the tyme
of his decesse, but that nevertheles If he shuld have prrceyvcd
opportunite the Venecie«s had geven him charge to move
the Turke of som* argumewt but there was no suche oportunr
occasion as the said Marrillac said . And that also the Vene-
cie//s were never put in hope of. agremewt w/'t^ the Turk but
onely by sonv of the Bassas , for coveytise of suche presents*
as the Veneciews, and other be accoustumed to geve them
whan they go in ambassade . And that for the said avariciouse
coveytyse the said Bassas had often tymes prayed the said
Marrillac, to byde the Venecie«s , to sendc som ambassadowrs,
which he refused to do . But ones he shewed the same to the
Turke himself who answered to him that if the Bassas shuld
any more attempte such matiers they shuld dye for it and
that he shuld never have peace w/tA the Veneciens affirmyng
the same by the solemne othes of his Turkishe lawe He
shewed also a letferc, which lately he had receyved of Fraunce
not from Monsieur le conestable but from another his Freende
in the conestables absence Theffect thereof was , that Christo-
pher the said Conestables secretary who is wont to Ryde in
poste, bitwen the Emprrowr and them was retourned owt of
Spayn and like as he had brought at his retowrne afore, a cold
answer from Themp*ro;/r, he brought it at this last tyme
moch more colder, so that there is but litel hope of spede
bitwen them. And (said Marrillac) Mons/V//r le Secretaire
vous trouuerez vray ce que diz au Roy a mon arryvee vers sa
mastic ct le dictcs a Mons;Vv/r du prive scale. Soulemont
said to him, that in dede we heard saye that the Conestable
was at Chantylly he answered that his poste cam that waye
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 219
and wold have spoken \vztJi Monsww le conestable but that
he was not there but was departed towards som other of his
plac^j in Picardy he could not tell where. Other cowmuwica-
tion of any Importance they had not. The cause why
I thinke we heare nothing from my lorde of Hereford is that,
by all lykelyhod he loketh and taryeth for his mens arryvaill
From Avygnon, and other places where your pleasure was he
shuld have a vigilant eye . Asferre as I am enfcwrmed by
a certain person, that is arryved this mornyng and hath
reported the same to me whan my Ictteres were writen hitherto
your graces seruaimt Christopher mont shal arryve hither
this Daye wit// Burgartus and another gewtilman from the
duk wz't// hym. Assonr as I shal knowe the truth I shal not
faile tadu^rtise your maieste thereof Thus beseching your
highnes to have me excused I praye almyghty god to cowtynue
your helth pr^spmte and long liff From London this S*
George daye
Your highnes most humble subiect & seruaunt
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To the Kinges most excellent Maiestie
Endd. My Lorde P. S. to the \iinges Maiestc of St. George's
daye.
310. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Cleop. E. v, f. 185 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 844. Apr. 24 (1539).
News of the diet at Frankfort and of the arrival of Burckhard and Baum-
bach. The Landgrave is grieved at the part of the King's proclama-
tion which concerns the marriage of priests. The Elector is in
favour of the marriage with Anne of Cleves. Cf. Life, pp. 272-7.
Please it your most noble maieste, after my very bounden
duetie right huwbly remembred with most herty and
affectuouse thanks for your graciouse benignite extended
vpon me Infinite wayes and nowe in sprciall for your facil
acceptaczbn of myn absence, and confortable graciouse
wordes, to vnderstand that yesterdaye aboute none arryved
vnto me hither your Maiestes seruauntes Mr Christopher
Mount and Mr. Paynell . And shewed vnto me that the
Duke of Saxony hath sent hither to your highnes his
vicechauncelowr Burgart and the Landisgrave, a gentilman
of his, of good experience that can speke sundry langagw and
hath ben often tymes sent to sundry prince? in missage as he
is nowe to your grace At their departure from Frankford the
assemble was not as yet dissolucd nor full conclusion taken
therupon. Albeit som* thought that it wold com to the point
LETTERS OF [1539
of an abstinence of any molcstac/on on both parties for xviij
monethcs or soo. The said Burgart and his collega w/t/r
iiij other prrsoncs in their company arrived hither also
yesterdaye and were brought by the said Christopher to
Jcwnyns sergeant of yowr graces pasterye house there to
rcmayne for such tyme, tyll they may be otherwise better
provided of an other loging. I have not as yet for myn in-
disposition spoken witA them. But by yowr grac« Stvuaunt
I can prrceyve that the Landisgravc and Duke also do
contynue styll in their loving and frendely obscruac/on
towards yowr maieste, very Joyouse of yowr graces allyance
and confederacion If it shal please yowr highncs to entrc
w/t/r them, and so concernyng thesame poinct their oratowrs
be sent hither at this tyme But what their Instructions do
beare yowr graces seruaunies be not made pryve of. Howe
be it they thinke that they woll require concordie in doctrine,
and mutuel helpc of defense in cace of Invasion w/t/r
Indifferent condicions of Reciproke. And as for the first
point the said Landgrave hath found that part of yowr graces
proclamac/ons somwhat strange wherin it is spoken dc comugio
sacerdotuw, sayeng that thcsamr was agcnst the true doctrine
of the votes which they professed and herupon also Mclanchthon
hath writcn vnto me that he hath seen that proclamac/on
wherin certain cvill doctrines be forbcdcn, and also certain
true doctrine whichc they pr^fessc in Alcmayn concernyng
dc votis et coniugio, but that he hopeth forasmoch as in the
said proclamac/ons yowr highncs pr^misscth to abolishc abuses
that yowr grace shal consyderc thcsamc more exactely and
at the last mitigate thesame. They have as Mr. Christopher
sayeth, ben crnestly in hand w/t// him for thesame poinct,
who answered that although he knewc not yowr graces
consyderac/ons in that behalf, yet he might well affirme that
yowr highncs is not to scrupulouse in the matier de votis and
that sundry nonnes and rcligiouse women have ben discharged
oute of their houses witA honest pensions during their lyvcs
and not forbcdcn but suffrcd to marye. But as for presto he
thinkcth the cause of the prohibition was bicausc they must
preach the worde of god and that it is thought that the
common people as yet weake in the knowlege of the wordc
and of other things myght therby conccyve an opinion of
concupiscence in them, and by reason thereof contcmpnc their
preachings and the wordc of god But what yowr grace wold
do after ward whan the people shall wcxc stronger and hablc
to catc solide meatc, he answered he could not diffinc nor
Jugc, but that he doubted not but yowr grace did nothing
w/t/rout good cause and reason and w/tA grctc consydcrac/on,
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 221
w/t// the which answer the said landgrave and other were
merveillousely satisfied So that as it is to be thought they
woll not moche sticke to that pointe Melanchton further
writeth vnto me his opinion of your graces bishops, by thies
\vordes, Multj vbiq//** hoc tempers astute cogitatis Interpre-
tationibw^ excusant abusus aut leniunt, vt arte stabiliant eos
sicut fit in libro Colonie edito cuj titulus est Enchiridion, hanc
sophisticaw permciosaw ecclesie video Imitarj Mitratos apud
vos Sed cavendum est ne hac sophistica rursus obruatw
veritas Nam ad tranquilitatcm durabilem etiam simplex veritas
vtilior est. This is theffect of Melanchthons \ettere to me. The
Duke of Saxony concerning the mariage of your grao*.?
person, hath exhorted the Duke of Cleves to go thorough
wzt//oute any difficulte. But as yet his conseill is not
retowrned from franckford and they trust shortcly to mete
to geder at which tymc the matier shalbe resolved for their
part. The Duke and Landsgrave do moch desire thexpedic/on
of their oratowrs and that they may be not long deteyned
here for they nede to employe them also aboutey other affaires
Wherfore I wolde be glad to knowe your graces pleasure and
determinac/on. concerning their audiewce or accesse to your
highnes I vnderstand by your said seruantes that the leage
eua#gelike is allways stedfast and constantly sett to byde in
their opinion yea and rather to dye then relente. And that
they loke, that shortely the oon* part must have the vpper
hand of thother, for they thinke Antichrist and the Dyvell
woll not slepe but ever practise to ouercom the evawgelike
sorte which is nowe strong, and the things be so ferre gon,
that eyther thevawgelik^j must destroye the papistry or elles
the papists them, as we trust it shal no more be in thair
power then it is in the dyve\\es power to overcome christ the
veray protectowr of the gospell. I am assured thise oratows
cuwmyng shalbe very formidable to the bishop of Rome
and to other of his adherents also. For doubtles, If your
Maiestic shal happen to Joyne w*t/* them the papists in my
Jugemewt shalbe half indesperate Christophor hath confirmed
the sam^ that he wrote afore that Themperonr above all
things desired of them that they shuld receyve noon other
p^rsones in that leage and that herupon hath ben in their
diete the grete stycking at. As I am assured yo//r graces
said seruauntes may declare vnto your highnes and also howe
they have seen the flete retowrned to zeland and that all the
ships shal be dismissed and thartillary discharged and layed
a land. I am sory that I am not in the cace that I myght
attende and do s^ruice to yo//r Marcrtie as my duetie and
desire is. This night I have had evill rest, this is the daye
LETTERS OF [1539
of thacccssc of my fytt. If I cam * scape it I hope to be soiv
recovr[ed]. If it shal contynue then yet will I do my best
to overcome it the sonest I cam * For I thinlce the tymc very
long, tyll I be better hable to serve your Maiestie whose
honowr and pr^sperite to encreacc, I besech^ Allmygh[ty]
god wi'tA co»tynua«ce of helth and long liflf From london this
xxiiij"1 of Aprill
Your Maiestes most humble &
obedyent subiecte & seruatmte
THOMAS CRUMWELL
311. CROMWELL TO DR. WOTTON, DR. HUGHES,
AND STEPHEN VAUGHAN.
R. O. CaL xiv. (i) 852. Apr. 25 (1539).
The King desires them to make out capacities with licence to take one
benefice ' with cure ' for the friars whose names ensue.
After my hartie commcndac/ons, hereafter ensue the names
of the white freres in northampton for whom the king«
Mawvrtes pleasowr and comma/mdcmcwt is that ye shall make
out capacities in due forme after thaccustomable marvr \v/t//
lycence to take one benefice w/t// cure and that frely without
requiring any thing for the same. Thus Fare you hertely
well. From my house in london the xxvth of Aprile.
John Howell priowr John Payvy
John Pykerde Edwarde Jenyngw
Richarde dcaken Henry Neyll.
John Harreson
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my loving Frendes Doctowr Woutton, Docto//r
Hewis, and Steven Vaughmi, and in their absence to their
depute
Endd. Capacytyes grauntedd to Freres dissolued etc
312. CROMWELL TO THE COUNCIL AT CALAIS.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 1029. May 27 (1539).
Instructions concerning the treatment of the Sacramentaries. They are
to use chanty and wisdom in suppressing this general slander.
After my right hartie cowmcndac/bns, Thisc shalbc to
Signifyc vnto you that I hauc Reccyucd your \etlercs of the
1 «V, for ' can.'
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL ~'-.'.0>
xviiith of this present \vttJi a booke of suche deposiabns as you
hauc taken vppon myn^ aduertisemewt made vnto you the
vith of the same by the king^r Maiesties cowmaundement.
And having thoroughly perused bothe your cow/mune \etttre
vfit/t the pryuate "Lttteres of you my lorde deputie and my
lorde Chambrelayn, and also the said deposiabns Forasmuche
as the kinges marV^tie travayling most catholiquely, chrw/ienly
and Charitably to sett a general quiet and vnyte in all those
mattiers hathe not hitherto had tyme to rede or here your
collectyons which as it appereth you haue with moche travail
gathered And that I thinke it neu^rtheles to be most neccs-
sarye that suche slaunders might be appeased, as gyve courage
to his graces1 enemyes to note morediuision among^r vs, thenne
is or canne be vppon any good grounde thought amongrj vs,
which may bolden them tadvaunce yvel practises against his
Maiestie and enfeeble mennes spirites that be of true feyth and
meanyng towardes god and his hieghnes, I haue thought
convenient not onely to gyve you myn aduise for thordering
and quieting of things till in those mattyers you shal knowe
further of his Maiesties pleaswr. But also to declare suwme
partc of myn opinion touching thefifectes of the said deposidbns.
And concernyng the quieting of the Brutes and Rumours which
haue risen and be spredd abrode by your aduertisement?^ and
ernest preceding^ in those matiers and examynations. I thinke
that like as the Kingly Ma*£rte cannot better or more hieghly
advaunce thonowr of god ne more prudently prouide for his
owne suretie and the tranquilitie of his Realme domynyons
and subgietar thenne in the discrete and charitable puwnish-
mewt of suche as doo by any meane Labour and purpose to
sowe sedic/on, diuision & contention, in opinion among^r his
people contrary to the trouthe of goddes worde and his grac^f
most chrw/ien orden^uncrj, Soo I thinke again on thother
syde that he or they what soeuer they be that wold w/tAout
greate and substancyall grounde be Auctowrs or settersforth
of any suche Runiows maye appere rather desirous of sedition
thenne of quiet and vnite, and may therein shew themselfes
rather diuiscrs howe to putt men in trouble and dispair that
be peaseblc, quiet, and faithful, thenne howe to refo«rme that is
amyssc and wtt/i consideration of the mattier the tyme and
other circumstaunc^r mete to be pondered to presrrue the
nomber yn that courage towards trouthe to god and thcr
pryncc that their bounden Dueuties at al tymes doo require.
And therefore myne opinion is that you shal by all meanes
diuise howe wit/i charyte and myld handcling of things to
quenchc this slaunderous Bent as moche as you maye ever
exhorting men discretely and without Rigour or extreamc
224 LETTERS OF [1539
dealing to knowe and srruc god trucly and their prince and
Soucrcign Lorde wM all humilitc and obedyencc
As touching the Substauncc of the Deposic/ons, It is sore to
note any man for a Sacramcntary onles he that shalbc
thauctowr of thinfamyc knowc well what a Sacramcntar) <
And yet is it more sore to note a cowmune officer put in place
to aduisc and rcfourmc others of soo hay nous a cryme ex-
cept it might by duely and cuidently proved against him.
I mcane this by the Co;//missarye the deposic/bns against
whom be not most wcightic and substancial. Against thothcr
fcwe accused of the same cryme thaccusac/ons seamc to waye
sumwhat deper. And yet the final nombrr that be accused of
that offence might haue been puanishcd without a genrral
infamye to the hole towne. And as for the rest of the depo-
sicions that be made socially touching the pr^cher though
prrcace he and others might in their preceding^* haue dooru*
more circumspectly in suw/me things yet they seame to helpc
litle to fortifye that there shuld be suche a general diuision
among^j you.
Finally I shall aduise you to vse things wit/* Charite and
\v/t/r suche wisdom to suppre.sse as moche as in you is this
gcnrrall slaunder that there may be a towardnes of a quiet
among« you which the kingr.? Maiestie woll shortely I doubt
not make prrfyt to the comfortes of al that be wcl disposed
and the punishment of all suche as at this present apperc or
shall vppon iuste and indifferent examynac/bn be founde here-
after to maynteyn yvel and corrupt opinions or to be inclyned
to scdic/on. And thus most hertcly fare you well From
Saynt James the xxvii111 daye of Maye.
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lordcs and Frcndes and other the
ncs Counseil at Calice
313. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 1060. June I (1539).
Reassures Lisle of his friendship, and desires to be informed if the latter
has any complaints to make.
After my right hartie cowmcndacibns to your Lordshipp,
wxt// your Lr//rrcs of the xxixth of the last Moneth addressed
vnto me vppon the arryvall there of my scr//<?unt Thomas
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 225
Palmer I haue Receyued the two Prisoners Raf Hare and the
barbowr of Marke, Who shalbe duely here examyned vppon
suche pointes as be deposed against them And remytted thither
if they shalbe founde culpable to be pu/mished according to
the qualities of their offences. And where as your Lordshipp
Writeth that you be no man malicious, ne haue for malice
heretofore written any thing but suche as hathe been brought
vnto you and proved by honest persounes. My Lorde I assure
you that I never tooke you to be a man of suche sorte. Butt
haue euer thought you to be of a good and gentel natural
disposition. Mary When I haue perceyved any thing in youe
that I haue supposed could not tende in fyne to your com-
moditie I haue sometyme Freendly written to youe my mynde
as to him whose contynuel prosperitie I haue more desired
thenne I shall neade nowe to recounte and expresse. And as
for other mennes adu^rtisementes which as it appereth you
coniecte shuld be made against you and your doings? Soo you
write that if you canne fynde no remedye for the same at my
hande rather thenne you wold be vsed as you haue been in
tymes past you wold chuse to lye in p^rpetuel prisonne during
lief adding that you woll soo write in that cace to the King^r
Matcste. I shall aduise your Lordshipp to suspect no man
further thenne neadeth, Which shuld trouble yowrself and
brede some inconuenyence amongcs you. And as concernyng
redresse of any thing that doth or shuld molest and inquiet
you. Surely my lorde as I knowe not wherein I haue hitherto
failed you or been remysse in any your pursutes causies and
Requestes reasonable, Soo if it shall Lyke you playnely and
sprdally to write vnto me your greves, I shall meself declare
the same to the king^r Ma/V-rte and Joyne wz'tA you for the
healing of them as the cace woll pmrcyt and shall require.
Wherein if you doo mistrust me you may wzt//out any offence
to me seke suche other remedyes as your Lordshipp shal
thinke most conueniewt and propice for your purpose. And
thus most hertely fare you wel. From Saint James the first
day of June.
I thanke your lordship hartely for your gentle present of
the porpose. Your men be co;«mytted to the gatehouse tyl
they may be examyned
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lorde the vicecount lisle Deputie of
the Kingr.r Towne and Marches of Calais
MERRIMAN. II
226 LETTERS OF [1539
814. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE AND THE COUNCIL OP
CALAIS.
R. O. CaL xiv. (i) 1086. June 8 (1539).
Further instructions concerning the treatment of the Sacramentaries.
Some of the depositions against them are very serious. The Council
is to report to toe King in case any further trouble occurs.
After my right hartye commendations. Thise shalbe to
aduertyse the same that I haue Receyued your LT///TCS
dated in this Moneth w/'t// a sccdule of certayne Articles
preached by oonr Adam Damplipe (as it is alleaged) by the
permission of the Cowmissarye. Which Damplipe you Judge
to haue been an Auctowr of the erronyous opynyons which
haue lately appered in Calays and those partyes. Which
Articles I haue prrused and fynde them very pestilent, moche
mervelling that the same were not presented heretofore against
hym whenne he was accused of the mattyer of transubstancya-
c/on. but if it be true that he taught them thenne taught he
most detestable and cancered heresye. And if the Cowmis-
sarye consented to that doctrynr I must neadtt bothe thinke
hym vnmete for suche an office and judge him also Woorthye
greate puwnishmcnt. And for his cxamynatyon therein and
in thother matyers layde to his charge by the deposic/bns
which you sent lately vnto me, The Kingrj Maiestcs pleas///- is
that you shal delyuer both the sayde Commissary and parishe
preste that hathe been the preacher vnto this berer who hathe
charge to see them surely and yet honestlye conveyed hethcr.
Nowe taunswere to the pointes of yowr saide lr///res, as
I wrote before that I thought it necessarye that suche
slaunders chaunsing to rise amongtt you, the same shuld be
rather discreatly and charytably appeased and thoflendowrj
quietly puwnished, thenne soo handled as shuld gyve courage
to the Kingtt Mantes enemyes to note muche diuision
amongtt vs and p/rcace cause them the rather tadvaunce
suwmc yvcl practises. Euen soo must I aduise you again,
being the same counsayll that I wold in lyke cace folowe
mcself not seing but offcndours may aswel be puwnished
without to greate a tumult as if the faultes of a fewe in respect
of the multitude there were bruted thorough an hole world. And
this gyveth no Judgement against the truthe of yowr aduer-
tiscmo/tAT but sheweth a meane howe if they be good and
iuste by honest cyrcumstaunce you may make them yet
better. And as to the sccondc poynt of yowr Itt/sres touching
thoccasioncrs of the brutes which haue been spredd of thise
mattyers. I ment none other but to ascribe the same chicflyc
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 227
to those which were the first settersfurthc of any erroneous
opinions. And yet to be playn with you as wtt/t my frendes,
many tymes many diseases that be of theyr owne nature
disposed to very yvel effectes, if it chaunce them to be in tyme
espyed by a good phisiczbn. His Lernyng wisedom know-
leage and good disposytion maye in suche wise prouidc
remedye, as the patient shal w/t/r lyttel payne attayn p^rfyt
helthe, whereas if the same phisic/on shuld vppon respect
wynk till thinfectyon were more depely settled p^rcace al his
conyng to be practised vppon the syk man shuld not be hable
to helpe him though he shuld dayly rack him w*t/* medycynes.
And surely wee be no lesse but more in faulte whiche labowr
not to avoyde yvel from onr Neighbours where we see the
same y;;/mynent, thenne if wee shuld be of/rselfes the very
Auctowrs and woorkers of the same yvel towardes them.
I haue enfowrmed the kingly Maiestye of al your \efteres and
of your book of deposiobns, Whose hieghnes hathe alredy
taken order for the examynatyon of all those mattyers, the
resolution whereof shalbe signifyed vnto you. The yvel (as
you write therein truely) will labowr to p^ruert the good, And
even soo those that be well disposed wyll both lament the foly
of the yvel and doo what they canne to make them better.
He that eyther feareth not god ne esteameth the kingly
Maiesties Iniunctyons pra:eptes, ordenaunces, and cowmande-
mentes, is no mete herbe to growe in his Maiesties most
catholique and Vertuous garden. If you knowe therefore
any moo of that sorte to be opened thenne you haue alredy
reueled by suche examynations as you lately sent vnto me
I doubt not but w*t//out respect you woll gyve the King«
Ma*V.rte aduertisement of them. And where I wrote the matter
deposed against the Cow/missary not to be most haynous, nowe
you aunswere that he is the maynteynowr and very supporter of
all this yvel, bringing in the forsayd mattyers of damplipe for
a Justifycatyon thereof. Surely if he shalbe found as greate an
offendowr as tharticles note, and as you reaporte him to be,
I woll not onely helpe to haue him from thens avoyded, but
also doo for his further puwnishmewt that shal appertayn. As
touching the vyntners and constables which haue been noted
of the saddest sorte of men of that Towne, and almost in
greatest trust vnder you of the counsayl, if they haue offended
yt shalbe better that you shewe to the king« Ma/^rte secretly
your olde ordenawnce for theyr pu«nishme;/t thenne thus to
put all men generally and openly in feare of the losse of their
lyvinges. It might turn to a mattyer of greate importaunce,
and the consequent suche as I woll not nc canne alone diffyne.
And to conclude Doubt you not but the wisedom of the
Q2
228 LETTERS OF [1539
scing thexperyence of many Inconveniencies
woll very shortely soo playe the parte of a most noble king
and a godly Arbytre amongw vs as all partycs shalbe brought
to a godly order w/'t// relief of thonest and the pu«nishme//t of
the malefactour accordingly. Thus most hertely fare you weL
From Saynt James the viii of June.
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lorde and Loving Frend/j The
Visconte Lisle Lorde deputie of the King« Town and marches
of Calais And to the reste of his graces Counsell there
315. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cat xiv. (i) 1298. July 23, 1539.
Considers the quarrel between Mr. Palmer and Mr. Porter to be of less
importance than is represented. Lisle should use his own discretion
in such petty matters.
After my right herty commendations to your Lordeshipp.
Thies shalbe taduertise thesame that sithens the receipt of your
l<-//Vres theffect and tenowr Whereof I have right well prrceyved
and noted. I w/'t// an ernest and indifferent mynd have
pithely weyed and poundred the deposicions and Relations
made by Mr. Wallop and other credible prrsones there con-
cerning the variaunce Bitwene Mr. Porter and Mr. Palmer, the
Importaunce whereof I fynde nothing suche as at the first
face and apprehension by other aduertisementej geven vn[to
me] aswell by your lordship as by other I thought it had
be[en]. Wherfore my Lorde I advise you to be not over
free nor to credule in beleving any rapports made vnto you
afore ye shall heare patiently and at lenght both parties
Assuredly I can not Allowe Palmers fash/bn nor behavowr
if he obiectcd to Mr. Porter As it were, that he was nothing so
diligent to seke the kingtt avawtage as he was to fynd fawter
vpon him and whither it be true or no, yet Like as palmer
shuld be light in so uttering the Word*? So I can not allowe
that Mr. Porter being ooni of the kingu counseill there and
who shuld have shewed an exewple to other could not have the
patience to suffre the punishmcwt thereof to be made by your
Lordship and other of the co;///seill \v;'t//outc hote preceding
in his fume to Revenge hym self And to gcve hym a blowe
as it appereth by Witnesses he did. He ought to have had
more discrccion and temperance then thother wherby I can
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 229
not but thinke he did more then wisedonv required. For
Doubtles he knoweth moche better howe moche daungier and
pcrill may happen and what Inconvenience may fall in suche
a Towne of werre vpon such light demeanour and sodeyn
falling oute to geders. But all things consydred seing
the Importance of the mater is no greter and that I trust
thexemple thereof shall bring no evill consequent Being the
thing doonr on both parties in a hete of colere and passion.
Having well wayed the proclamations and statute made agenst
suchr as geve or utter some evill word*'.? or uncomely langage
agenst such** as be of the chief officers and counseillers there
I doo Renvoye the said palmer thither agayn Requyryng
your Lordship and other Indifferent prrsones of the counseill
there to travaille to make frendeship and amytie bitwen^ them
and ernestly to sett them at ones, and to Abolishe all striff and
variaunce Bitwen^ them I esteme them bothe to be of good
actiuitc and dexterite to do his MazVrte good seruice. Wher-
fore I desire moche that they might be frendly Reconciled to
gedr And If by your Indifferencies well weyeng the matiers
ye shal fynd the said Palmer punyshable and that it be so
expedient I woll not withstand it But remitte the same to
yonr Indifferent circumspections Not doubting but ye woll not
wandr in the bondes of extremite and Rigo/^r. But Rather
sckc onely to Redubbe the same that is a mysse or oute of
ordre and more studye howe to bring all men ther to the
frame of vnion then howe to Revenge any quarcll or displeasur
by overmoche Rigowr. My Lorde I praye and Require you
to waye that the Kinges highnes to his grete cost and charge
kepeth your lordeship and other of his counseill there,
the whiche his grace hath chosen for men of Actiuite and
Indifferente discretion for to kepe vnion and Concorde in that
his grac^j towne and marches. Nowe what can his Maiestie
saye and thinke whan ye go not aboute there to redresse such
light matiers But evermore w/t/t the same do trouble his highnes
and counseill, Where in dede If ye were ernestly mynded they
myght be quieted and refowrmed there wz't/toute further trouble
or busynes to any part. Wherfore I do advise you that like as
ye shal referre all things of highe and weighty if«porte«ce to
his highnes and counseill, So ye shal vpon suche other matiers
of smale Importa«ce assemble your hedd^r to gether and
Charitably w/tAoute any particular affection preceding rather
to heale and cure the me/wbres deseased or corrupt then to
cutt thew awaye w/t//out any necessite, to see suche a gentil
and Indifferent ordre taken in things as maybe for thequiete
of that towne Wherin I woll not dissalowe nor disprayse If
ye shal somtyme by good discretion and as the cace shal
230 LETTERS OF [1539
require use the salbe of correction, and lawfull punyshement
not passing the bounds of the statute and vses there accus-
tomed. By this mcanr shal not onely his MatVvrtc conferme
a good opinion of you and of all his other officers st-manntfs
and subjects then- but also by that meane ye shal norrishe
and bring a very vnion and concorde bitwen<* all them there
& conduce them to suche a knott as there shalbc prrfite vnion,
amongfj them witX/out striffe whiche is ooiv of the strongest
forteresses that can be in any suche Towne of werr as the same
is. As to the contrary If the people be bended to partialites
their heddtt be never assured of them, and suche chaunce may
thereof happen as I doubte not yo//r discrete lordship can
right well weye and poundre. Wherfor* of a good zele
and for the good will I do beare vnto you I have thought to
geve vnto you this admonition the whiche I am assured like
as it procedeth of a syncere loving hert and playne to his
frend so ye will accept and take it in good part. And folowe
the same Wherby doubtles ye shalbe brought to very moche
quiete and transquillite and all thinges then shal succed the
better for the same to your consolation and [desire]. Thus
Fare ye right hertely well From Guldeford the xxiii111 of
July the xxxi yer* of his highnes most noble Regne.
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good Lorde my lord Lisle The Kinges
Depute of his grao-j town and marches of Calays.
Endd. My lord privey seal touching palm[er] 24 July
316. CROMWELL TO BONNER.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 1310. July 24, 1539.
Information concerning the affair of the prizes taken by the ships of the
Sieur de la Rochepot. The matter cannot be sent to France to be
tried. Cf. Letters, 317, 328, 351.
My lorde after my right hertie and most aficctuouse com-
mendac/ons Yowr Lordshipp shal vndcrstandc that yesterday
confereunt had vpon the matters of Monsir//r de la Rochipot
betwene the frcnche ambassadowr and Monsirwr de Dampont
on of the frenchc king« gcntilmen on the on partie and
ccrteyne of the Stylyard and their counsaill w«t>i Doctowr
Layton Oliuer Leight Hughs Ryvet and other one the other
partie, wherby it appeared that without the wrounge of the
Osterlingrj and great praudice of the kinges Jurisdic/bn and
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 231
evill example and consequent in tymes camming his ma; 'e sic
coulde not Renvoye the mater to be decided in Fraunce Nor
admitt declinator/**;;/ feri quam gallus pr^ponebat. And al-
thouight the said ambassadowr and Dampont haue heard the
motives and reasons therof, yet neuertheles his highnes not
trusting hollye to their declaraczon and Rapport hathe remitted
the same to be declared aswell by you as by them, to the
Frenche Kinge, as it appearethe by his grac^r Letteres, the
copie wherof ye shall receyve henw't^. And for yowr better
instnur rion in all poinntes how this matter hath be(en) handled
favowrablie, and wi\.h diligence sethe their co;#minge. Furst
ye shall vnderstande that after the recept of the Frenche
kingr^ Lefteres Soulemount was sent to the ambassadors for
to know their reasons and allegaobns wherby they entende
to move the kinges highnes to revoke the sentence, at whiche
tyme they, as vnprovided or not fully instructed gave him for
that tyme a slander answer, whervpow the Sonday after which
was the ixth of July ], The stilliard^y wzt// ther counseill were
sent thether to the Ambassadowr to shew vnto him their
reasons and the Justice of the sentence. And to answer vnto
suche reasons as the Frenchemen wold allege. So after long
confirewce had before Solimon whiche was appoinnted to be there
and make the report therof on bothe parties, it was agread
that by way of instrucabn to be made by them to the kinges
highnes and his moste honorable counsell they shuld put all
theyr reasons and allegacions with their facteJ in writinge and
delyuer them to the said Solymon So thiuones 2 parte writing
shuld not be communicate to thother, and for to do the same
they had dylaied till the fryday next after, at the which tyme
the said amfyassadowr was vfit/i the klnges ma^tie at Oteland
and thosterlingrj also wer ther deliu^red on bothe parties
their writings at afternoon And so chardge was geven therof
to the said Solemon w/to couenaunted to go to London and
there to take tadvise and opinion of thindifferent doctowrs
there so then sonday after which was the xvth of July 3. The
said writinges were by him delivered to the doctowrs who
toke delay to make an answer till the friday after, at the which
day the ambassador had warning to be the sonday next which
was sonday laste at Guilford to haue an answer. He shall
receyve herwft// the copies of the factiuns of bothe sydes and
the report by Solemon made of thopinion of those doctowrs.
The sonday laste the ambassado//r was occupied abowtej other
matiers so that answer was defered till Monday, at the which
1 This date is wrong. July 9 was Wednesday. Cal. xiv. (i) p. 572 ».
1 sic. * This date is wrong. July 15 was Tuesday.
232 LETTERS OF [1539
tyme bicause the Ambassador beganc to reason in the Lawc
ciuil and wold iustific the matter to be clere, the doctowrs
were sent for to London, they cam the Tuisdny and had the
conference w/'t// the said ambassadour with the kingrr counsaill
and susteyned the mater could not be Renvoyed wherunto
thambassadottr could skant make any other answer Then ye
shall see by his reasons before alleged Then was thexpedient
and moyen propound by vs of the kinges counsseill and so that
geven for answer as ye may se by the \t\nges \etferes vnto you
dated this present day. Yesterday I caused the doctors to
make an abbreuiat of the rcfutac/bn of the Ambassadowrs
reasons and of ther motirfcr to consult as they did the copie
wherof I send vnto you and also an abbreuiat of the con-
cordawcics and discrepances of ther factor (and) caces wher-
vpon ye may assure that my lord of NorfiWt never (gave)
suche sentence as is by the frenchmew so alleged. And that
Favour and Milketon never brought the Frenshmew to Whit-
bye as is alleged. Item in all the treaties we fynde no suche
thinge as the said ambassador allegethe in his seconde
reason. We mrrveill also that they will demaunde the Ren-
voye of that cause as thought the kinges Ma/Vjte being an
Empcrowr in his Realme shuld lacke Jurisdiction And how
could (they) then reason to prove the sentence in that be-
half pronounced by you to be ipso iure nullam quia lata erat
Intra tempus termini dati ad probandam dcclinatoria;;/ cum
ipsa declinator/<7 a Regia Mates fails Jurisdicionc Imperatorw
sit ipso Jure nulla.
It is very incredible and the least vnlike that Nauis oneraria
Hamburgensis were in ther were but ix or x men shuld
Invade ij ships and a brigantin of warr in the oonr Wherof
ther were 1 me« and in the other xiiij. As I doubte not but
yo»r wisdom shall perccve sondry other things to be alleged
to shewe the kinges Majestic preceding*? and in the favowr in
this Behalf shewed vnto them as apprrcth by thexpedient and
mcane pwrpose. I am assured ye shall endcvowr yowrself to
thuttrrmost to accomplish his Ma/<-.rties pleas//;r in that be-
half writen vnto you by his \etteres of this present date I pray
you tadurrtisc me asson as ye may of yowr procedinges and
successes herin and in other things wherof I wrote vnto yo//r
lordship on Mondaye last and adurrtise of that thing beside
wherin ye woll have me to stande you in any stede and ye
may be assured of my good and crnest will therto. Thus far
ye right hertely well. From Ferneham this thursday St. James
even xxiiij"1 of July.
I haue thought post script tadu/rtise you that the \iingcs
maittte hath geven to the same gentilman Monsieur Dawpont
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 233
the su;;/me of xl. li. sterling by way of his graces Reward for
the king his brothers sake and honowr
Your Lordships assured
T. C.
Endd. Mynute of my L. P. S. letteres to my \ord Hereford
xxiiij. July 1539.
317. CROMWELL TO MONTMORENCY.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (i) 1311. July 24, 1539.
Regrets that the King is unable to do as he wishes in the affair of his
brother, the Sieur de la Rochepot. The Bishop of Hereford will
explain. Cf. Letters, 316, 328, 351.
Monsieur Jay receu voz Lr //res que ce gentilhomme envoye
par de ca parl a Maieste du Roy Treschrc/ien ma deliuereez
touchant laffaire de Monsieur de la Rochepot v0/re frere, Au
quel combien que la Maieste du Roy mon Mattre fust tres-
desieux de gratifier au Roy son bon frere pour \honneur de
vous si ay'je de mon petit pouuoir tenu La mayn a ce que
sa mateste Luy monstrast effectuellemewt tout favenr possible,
Ainsi quil estoyt tresaffectionne et si sa maieste ne la bonne-
ment sceu faire en vng point, come je croy que Monsieur de
Hereford son Ambassadeur vous fera entendre au plain con-
tentemewt Touteffois tout bien considere II s'en acquite bien
proposant 1 'expedient et moyen quil a faict Que je repute
de telle sorte qui debuera estre a toute bonne satisfaction.
Par quoy Monsieur je vous prie & requiers qiie faisant tousiowrs
le bonne office que avez faict et acoustume pour 1'entretene-
mewt & accroissance de la bonne et p^rpetuele amitie d'entre
\eurs maiestes vous vueillez prendre le tout en aussy bonne
parte et d'aussy bon coeur quil precede Et que le Roy votre
Maitre le vueille ainsi prendre et accepter. Bien vous assurant
que de ma part Jay tousio//rs tenu la main et tiendra durant
ma vie a ce que Lady/e amitie* si long temps continuee
puisse tousiowrs prrseuerer & durer & autant que possible
moy sera de plus en plus accroistre & estre augmentee. Vous
signifiant que sil y a chose en quoy Je vous puisse faire
hone«r & pleasir me trouuerez prest de my employer de
tresbon coeur Si cognoist le createwr qui vous ayt monsiewr
en sa saincte & tresdigne garde. Escript a Farneh^m le
xxiiii de Juillet L'an XV — XXXIX.
Endd. The mynute of My L.P.S. let/eres to the Conestablc
of Fraunce.
234 LETTERS OF [1539
318. CROMWELL TO LORD HU-NGERFORD*.
Longford Castle MSS.; Cal. xiv. (i) 1258. July (1539).
Instructions for the imprisonment of a priest, until the coming of the
Justices of Assize. Promises that Lord Hungerford shall have
satisfaction in case Master Arundcll has done him injury.
Havyng reccyvcd your letters wherin ye write of the mys-
demcanor of one Sir Nicholas Balam prestc late monk of
Henton wherin myne advise shalbe that ye shall commyt him
to the gaole till the commyng of the Justices of assise into
those parties and to declare the matier unto theym with the
circumstaunces therof to thentent the[y] may order that
[m]at[er] according to their discrecions and as n ... with
the kin[ges] law[es] equite and justice I hafve per]used your
bo ... deposicions taken agaynst [Henjry Champ[neys]
[t]o be delivered to Mr. Chauncelfor] of the Aug[ment]a-
cions bicause the mater apper[tei]neth to that [cour]t to
thentent he may precede t^nerm] as the ca[se sh]a)l require
furthermore I h[ave] writen u[nto MJaister Arundell if any
injury hathe byn done unto you to see you satisfied for the
same as [a] mite and conscience shall require [and] I doubt
Bhe] will do therin accordyngly. [And to]uching your
uest for purchas of the manor of Henfton] and other
]es of the same I shalbe glad to fu[rther] you therin
when the tyme shall serve.
Oteland, July.
Signed. Add.
319. CROMWELL TO .
R. O. Cal. xiv. (ii) 194. Sept. 19 (1539).
Concerning provision made for the dispatch of John Winter to sea, and
the King's pleasure for clearing the ocean of pirates.
Aftre my moost harty cow/mcndac/ons Thise shalbe to
adurrtise you that according to the Kings* highnes pleasure
signified vnto me by your Lfttcres touching the dispeche of
John VVynter to the Sees I haue not only delyuered vnto
him money for two monethis wagies vitailling and al other
things for that tyme necessary according to a proporc/bn
therof drawen by me and Gonston, the copie wherof ye shal
hercwit// receyve, amounting to the some of clvi li iiii sh viii d.
but also haue delyuered vnto him a cowmyssion writen in
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 235
parchcment for that purpose which I pray youe get signed
assone as ye maye for the soner he shalbe rid the more good
he shal doo, Bothe in thexecuting of his cow/mandemewt and
in transporting of some parte of tharmy wherby he shal
partely also alleviate the kingrj chargies. I haue writen to
the kingrj highnes to knowe his pleasure touching the sending
furth of Edwarde Waters in the mary Guldeford. I pray
youe that I may be aduertised wit// al spede and celeritie, for
his only demore resteth vppon myn answer. I haue for the
Better expedic/bn of Wynters commission put therunto the
Signet to thintent that the same signed he shuld haue no
cause of any tarieng there * and thus makyng an ende I pray
god almyghtye Send you all as well to Fare as I woolde my
self at london the xiv daye of Septembre
Your assuryd louyng Frcende and Felowe
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
320. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS POPE, TREASURER
OF THE COURT OF AUGMENTATIONS.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (ii) 282. Oct. 5, 1539.
Desires him to pay to Lord Lisle the sum of ^200, as an annuity granted
him by the King.
Mr. Pope after my right herty cowmendations ye shal
vnderstand that wheras the King^ Ma/>jte hath geven and
grauntid vnto my very good lord The visconte lisle depute of
his grac*\f town and marches of Calayes an a;/nuite of Two
hundred pounds sterlings by the yere to be paid by thandes
of you and other Treasorers of that his court of Augmenta-
tions of the tyme being lyke like2 as by his graces letteres
therupon made it doth app^re. His graciouse pleasur and
cowmandmewt is that forasmoche as the said Visconte shal
departe tomorrowe towards the said Towne of Calais ye
shal wz't//oute delaye vpon the Receipt hereof delyver and paye
or cause to be deliwred and payed vnto the said Visconte or
to his assigne bringer hereof The su;«me of Two hundred
pounds biforc hanoVj the same some to be deducted vnto
1 f. o. Ye shal also vnderstande , *?.
the King« highnes for the Better thone of cxx ton Bother of "" x*
recours of Vitaillies vnto youe and tonne_ Wel Banned, ordena/mced
for scouring of the sees from piratw an" 'ur • • •
hath sent vnto the see ii Barki; ttf*
* i. e. 90.
236
LETTERS OF
[»539
him vpon suchr payments as from tyme to tyme shuld be
made to him for a hole yer* next ensuyeng. I praye you to
dispeche his ... et this evcnyng w/t//oute any further pro-
tracte. Thus Fare yc right hertcly well From london this
Vth of October The xxxith yerr of his grac/j most noble
Regne.
Your assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my very loving freend Mr. Pope Treasorer of
the \iingts co//rt of the Augmentations of his grao-j crowne.
321. CROMWELL TO SIR WILLIAM FACET '.
Public R. O. of Ireland, Irish Patent Roll, 29-30 H. VIII, m. 5 d. ;
Cal. xiv. (ii) App. 40. Oct. 13 <IS39>-
Concerning the appointment of officers and the regulation of wages in
Ireland.
Maister Pagett after my right hartie comendaabns by your
lr//Vres of the viiith of this present I doe prrceyvc soche doubts
as haue ensurged touching yo//r charge sethens yo//r arryvall
at Chester wherof I have advised the kingrj maiestie whose
goodnes hath resolved in manere and forme folowing Furst
his highnes is content that youe shall allowc to curry man
for his coste foure s. Item to eurry man for his conducte an
half penye for cu*ry mile from the place of their dwelling to
the see side and to the capitaines and petycapitaincs their
allowance already appointed that is foure by the daie
for the graund capitaynes conducte and two s. for the pety-
capitaynes Item to Mr. Brereton and to Mr Griffith youe shall
allowe wages for foure graund capitaines besides themselfs
that is to eurry of them twayne and to euery of them thre
peticapitaines Thomas Wyndeham and Edwarde Dudley be
appointed to be graunde capitaines vndre Mr. Brereton and
John Huberdyn and William Blechinden vndrc Mr Gryffith
and of this ordre you must advise Mr. Brabazon Item youe
shall allowe to Mr Brereton and Mr. Gryffith their chaplayncs
and minstralles Item youe shall content and paye curry man
a monethes wages beforhande at the taking ship or litle before
the same For the Furniture wherof yf youe shall waunte
money the king^r maiesties pleasure is that you shall defaulte
so moche of the two thowsand poundes to be dealyurrrd to
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 237
Mr Brabazon as youe shall neade and endcnt \\i\Jt hym for
the rest that shall remayne They shall haue sufficient furniture
sent after Thus prayeing youe to vse all thacceleracyon youe
canne possible in the transportac/on of tharmey which the
king« Ma/V-jtie moche deasireth Fare youe hertlie well From
London the xili^ of Octobre
Youre loving Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To myne assured loving frende Mr. Pagett Esquier
322. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O, Cal. xiv. (ii) 347. Oct. 18 (1539).
Directs him to have the house called the Exchequer repaired. The
streets around it are to be examined with a view to paving them, and
the whole town is to be kept clean and in order.
After my righte hartie comwendacions to your Lordship
Thise shalbe tadu^rtise you that for certain purposes the
specialties wherof you shal further knowe herafter The king^r
Mantes pleasure is that you shal vieu his graces howse there
called Thexchequier that wtt/i all diligence all things therin
necessarie to be amendyd may be indelayedly repayryd, For
the whiche purpose I haue by his graces comw/aundement
writen also to his highnes surveyo//r there, who by your
advise shall sett in hande withe the same. Furthermore his
Ma/rjte woolde that you shuld cause the stretes and Lanes
there to be vieued for the pavements and where any defaulte
is to give comw/aundement to those whiche shulde repayre
the same to see it imwediatly amended, endevoring yonr-
selfes to put all other things w*t/rin the said towne in the
most honest and clenely ordre you canne devise Wherein you
shall administre to his MazVjte very thankfull pleasure And
thus Fare you hartely well From London the xviijth of
October
Your good lordshippis
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lord The Visconte Lisle lord deputie
of the king^r Towne and marches of Calais And to my loving
freendtt the rest of his graa\r . . . ther
Endd. Consmiyng the fornyture of the Kinges Exchequer
238 LETTERS OF [1539
323. CROMWELL TO DR. WOTTON.
Townclcy MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm. Report, iv. App. 412); Cal. xiv.
(ii)394. Oct. 26 (1539).
Directions for negotiations with the Duke of Cleves. Wotton is to
endeavour in every way to increase the amity with England.
Mr. Wotton. after my ryghtc hartie commcndacions, by this
berer, you shall receyve the King's highnes Ifltres conteyning
his graces most gentle and princely affection towards the
Duke of Cleves withe his graces divise for thencrease of their
amytie, whiche his highnes doubtcth not but you woll so dis-
creatly handel and set furthe as the same shall take effect,
wherein, I assure you, you shall do the thing that shalbc
muche to his maua* contentacion, and consequently, not
a lyttell to your owne cow/moditie, whiche shall be the
ministre in so good and acceptable service. And in any wise
handle the matter soo that you may have commission of the
Duke at your first accesse after the receipt hereof, to write,
at the least, yourself, thoughe he woll not, to the Kyng's mat',
that he taketh his graces most kynde offer in most thankful!
parte, and that his sute and desire is that it may please his
highnes to precede according to his most lovyng and freendly
dyvise, gyving advertisement therof withe all possible dili-
gence, and yet tempering the compassing of this purpose, so
as they gather none occasion to thinke that this off re im-
plyeth any other purpose thenne is expressed, for that myghte
cause them to take the same in lesse thankfull parte than it
is worthie. I have directyd my Icttres of congratulacion to
my ladie Anne's grace, whereby I do exhorte her to the
nurrishment of the amytie bitweyn these princes to the greate
honor, both of the King's mat*, his oune, and to the assurance
of them and of their ysseu and posteritie. The particular
declarations of suche things as she shulde employe hirsclf
and hir mother, the duchesse, to, I doo rcferre your declarations
to be temprcd by the king's instructions conteynyd in his
graces Ifttres vnto you. I write myn other l///rcs to the
Chauncelor Olesleger, tending to the furtherance of suchc
things as you shall purpose. I praye you withe my righte
hartie and due commcndacions to delyver my 1/7/res, and
further to doo therin as your saide instructions and discrca-
tion theruppon shall thinke most conveneynt. I doubte not
but you wooll so set fourthe the King's ma** presents with
goode and modest woords, as the same shalbc by your dis-
crccion the more acceptable. I assure you they shalbe both
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 239
riche and princeley. Thus moost hartcley fare you well.
From London the xxvith daye of October.
Your assuryd Freende,
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my very lovyng and assuryd Friend Mr. Doctowr
Wotten, the Kings Ambassador in the parties of Germany.
Endd. Recrywd ultima. Octobr.
324. CROMWELL TO DR. WOTTON.
Towneley MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm. Report, iv. App. 413); Cal. xiv.
(ii) 480. Nov. 8 (1539).
Desires him to obtain for the bearer an answer from the Duke of Cleves
concerning the ratification of the marriage, and other matters of
importance.
Mr. Wotton after my right harty cowmendacions these
shalbe to advertise you that the Kings Highnes and the lords
of his Majesties counsail doo not a lytle muse and mervayl
that his highnes sithens the departure of the orators of Cleves
and Saxehath, neither from you nor from the Duke of Cleves,
ne from any of the said, receyved any maner of lr//res or
advertisement specially considering the greate charge sithens
that tymc gevin vnto you to wryte, at the least, how they
toke then the conclusion of the mariage, though you should
have no maner other occurrents to signifie. And nowe the
tyme of the ratification approchethe, and also certain other
thyngs of importaunce daylly occurring, hath moved his
highnes the more to mervayl at this your long protracted
silence. For his satisfaction wherein his grace hath dispeched
vnto you this berer, his servaunt, whom his pleasure is
you shall present to the said Duke, whither you shall
have written before his arryval or no, to thintent, in either
case, making his matie* most hertye commendations to the
forsaid Duke, he may to the same intimate the cause of
his commyng, and so know what answere or service he will
commaund hym, and so with all possible diligence rep[ortj
his majestic accordingly. In the rest tuching the King's
matie* good and prosperous health, and all other newes here,
you shall geve firme credyt to this said berer, who canne at
length explain and declare the same. Thus fare you herty
well. From London, the viij of November.
Your assuryd Friend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my assuryd loving Freende Maister Wotton.
Endd. Recryzvd 19 November.
240 LETTERS OF
3-5. CROMWELL TO (THE FELLOWS OF BALLIOL
COLLEGE) '.
Archives of Balliol College. Not in Cal. Nov. 22 (1539).
Ratification of the election of Dr. Cootes to the Mastership of Balliol
College. Cf. Letter 326.
After my hartye cowme«datyons Wheras by my last letters
addressyd vnto youe I gave youe in cowmawndrment in ///e
kyng« maiestyes name that fonvyth apon ///e rccepte therof
without anye further cytatyons delayes or ot/ur like solcmpny-
tyes of ///e Lawe and not wythstondyng thabscncc of anye
of yo//r cuwpanye so that ///e more part were present youe
shold precede to thelectyon of a convenient Master of yowr
Howse then vacant and tlutt of yo«r electyon so beyng made
wythowt any parcyalyte or corruptyon youe shold inco«-
tyne/zt certyfye me to thend ///e same myght be ratyfyed
& cowfyrmyd as shold apparteignr & forasmuch as accordyng
to Me tenor & effecte of Me same youe haue assemblyd yo;/r
selfrj togyther vppon good delyberatyon & advyse takyn
theryn haue electyd & chosyn my frend Doctor Cotts to be
Master of your howse lyke as bye yowr prwrntatyon sealyd
wit// yowr cowmyn scale I am adcertaynyd These shalbe to
sygnyfye vnto youe & every of youe that I haue prrvsyd
& examynyd the same & everye circwmstance therof & do
cow/mend & allowe yo«r good pr^cedinges therin & haue
confirmyd ratyfyed & approvyd your sayd electyon by
thauctoryte cowmytted vnto me bye ///e kyngw hyghnesse
yn that Behalf wyllyng & cowmawndyng youe bye thys
presences that youe & every of youe shal from hens forth
repute accepte & take Me sayd doctor Coifs as Me verye
ryghtfull & iuste master of yo//r howse vsyng your selfa
towards hym yn everye condytyon wit// suche dewtye &
obedyence as to Me same offyce doth appartayne as youe
& every of youe tendre Me kyngrj hyghnes pleasure Thus
fare youe hartylye well From London the XXIIth day of
November
Yo//r Lovyng Frend
THOMAS CRU^AVELL
1 Quoted in a Latin document, confirming the admission of Dr. Cootes
as Master of BallioL
I539T THOMAS CROMWELL 241
826. (CROMWELL) TO (THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN).
R. O. Cal. xiv. (ii) 543 (ii). (Nov. 1539.)
Asks him to absolve the parish priest of Horncastle, whose fault is due
to ignorance rather than malice. Requests him to accept Dr. Cootes
as Master of Balliol College. Cf. Letter 325.
Aftre my herte cowmendaabns vnto your lordshipp wheras
the late parishe prest of Hornecastell vppon preaching rashely
and incenserely the worde of god otherwaies then did becom
him to do certayn of the people gretely offended and dyd
accuse hym before your Chauncelor and forasmoche as he
being examined vppon- the same & chardget to make hys
aunswer t/iervnto at a certeyn day vnto hym prescribed hathe
departed without licence and for his continuaciow at th\s
present for same dothe stand excommunicate I -with diligence
examinyng ///e sayd mater & perceuy«g the same more to
haue preceded of simplicite and Ignorance than of any malice
or arrogancie And that the man is repentant tkerol haue
taken suche order therin as shuld apprrtein or be he suffic . . .
your lordshipp at ///is my request to absolve or
cause to be absolved parte from the same excowwwnicaczbn.
Trusting eftsones that he wilbe well advised before he take
any suche enterpr/ce so temprariously vppon hande. And
further as consuming your letteres toching the mastership of
bailif Collegge I shall also right hertelie desire and praye
your lordshipp to accept doctour Cooties vnto the same
trusting that he will order himself herafter as besemes any
honest man to do. And in case he shall transgresse the
Laudable ordinance? of the said house or otherwais order
the same than doth app^rtein to his office & dewtie as
I trust he will not thenne I shall not onelye desire your
lordshipp for his disamenowr to expulse and eiecke the said
Cootes out of the said house but also I shalbe redie and glade
to assist your lordshipp at all times to the. same accordingly.
Thus the hole gost haue you yn his custodie
327. CROMWELL TO SIR ALEXANDER RATCLIFF, SHERIFF
OF CHESHIRE.
R. O. Cal. xiv. (ii) 626. Dec. 2 (1539).
KatclitT is to examine the truth of the complaint of Elizabeth Blundell
against John Glegg. If the woman has been wrongfully expelled
from her house, she is to be restored.
Aftre my harty commendations Forasmoch as a bill of
complainte was Latlye exhibited vnto the kinges Majestic and
his mooste honorable Counsaile on the behalf of Elizabethe
MERRIMAN. II R
242 LETTERS OF [1559
Blundcll Wief of William Blundcll of that countic of Chcstre
agcnst on John Glegge of the same Countie that the said
Glegge hathe wroungefully expulscd the said Elizabeth From
her house her said husbond being at this present in his grac/j
s/ruice in Ireland, the discourse wherof ye shal more playnely
perceive by the contents of the said bill Whiche ye shall
receive herin closed. His highnes pleasor and co;//maunde-
ment is that ye Immediatly vpon the sight herof, shall call
the said parties before youc, and here and examyn the said
matter w*tA the circuwstaunc^r thervnto belonging And find-
ing the premisses treue shall se the pore woman restored to
her said house wit^ thappwrtenawnces She to peassablye and
quietlye enioye the same according to equitie and Justice.
And if ye perceive the said Glegge to be wayward and
obstinate in that behalf, His said highnes pleasor is that ye
shall aduertise me and other of his graces counsell here to
thintent suche forther ordre may be taken therin as shall
app^rtaine Not failing herof as his Ma^jtie trustithe youe,
Thus fare ye hartely well From London the ij6* day of
December.
Your louyng Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my Lovinge Freend sir Alexandre Ratcliff knight
Shereff of Chesshyre.
328. CROMWELL TO MONTMORENCY.
Ribier, i. 493 ; Cal. xiv. (ii) 655. Dec 9, 1539.
As the affair of M. de Rochepot cannot be remitted to France without
prejudice to the King's honour, Montmorency should urge his brother
to pursue his right by the means the King offers. Cf. Letters, 316,
317,351.
Monseigneur, a present que la Majestc du Roy d'Angleterre
mon souuerain Seigneur & Maistre addresse ces lettres au
Roy Tres-Chrestien son bon Frere, touchant le renuoy du
procez que les Esterlins de la Ligue de la haute Germaniquc
ont pardeca a 1'encontrc du Sr. de Beaucourt, se nommant
Capitaine sous Monseigneur de la Rochepot vostre Frere ;
dont Monsieur de Marillac, son Ambassadcur resident parde9a,
a fait si grande presse & instance, Considerant d'un cost£ la
bonne inclination que ledit Sr. Roy mon Seigneur a, tant
de gratificr au Roy sondit bon frere en tout ce qu'il pouroit
raisonnablement auec son honncur, qu'aussi de vous auoir
satisfait en cct affaire, si le cas & raison le vouloient per-
mettre : & d'autre coste* que vous qui estes personne si Noble
& d'honneur, qu'estant bien aduerty de la verite" du cas, vous
1539] THOMAS CROMWELL 243
ne voudriez pas presser pour importuner vn tel Prince de
faire chose qu'il apergoit ne luy deuoir estre honorable, &
que vous mesme en tel cas voudriez meurement deliberer pour
digerer vn tel affaire : Pour autant que par les aduis &
opinions des plus doctes, plus sages & grands zelatcurs de
Justice, sans aucune partiale affection, il est resolu & conclu
que sa Majeste", sauf son honneur & conscience ne pouroit faire
ledit renuoy ; il ma sembte bon comme homme qui ne suis
que ministre, & souhaite que chacun peut recouurir son droict
par Justice & raisonnables moyens de vous signifier mon aduis,
comme au pareil cas i'aurois le vostre tres-acceptable ; c'est
que mondit Seigneur vostre Frere pour le moins se contente
& conteste de poursuiure le droit qu'il pretend par tel bon,
indifferent & honeste moyen comme le Sr. Roy a fait offrir,
auquel cas il ne doit douter qu'il aura son droit gard6 auec
bonne & br^ue expedition ; a quoy pour ma part ie tiendray
volontiers la main, & pour luy m'employeray a mon pouuoir.
Ie vous prie de prendre mon aduis & bon zele en acceptable
part, comme il ne procede que du bon vouloir que ie porte
a I'amiti^ desdits Sieurs Roys nos Seigneurs & a vous, & ceux
qui 1'entretiennent. Monseigneur, aprds m'estre tres-affec-
tueusement recommande', ie supplie nostre Createur vous
donner prosperity & longue vie. De Londres, ce 9. de
Decembre 1539.
Vostre bon & asseure* Amy.
THOMAS CRAMVEL.
329. (CROMWELL) TO (THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON).
R. O. Cal. xiv. (ii) 726. (Dec. 1539.)
The King takes the delay of Anne of Cleves in good part. Instructions
concerning the treatment of seditious priests.
My very good lorde vftt/i my most harty and effectuel
cowmendac/bns having the K.inges Ma^te seen and paused
your Lr//rres of the xxith of this present whiche arryved here
this after none, his highnes hath commanded me for answer
to the first parte of the same to signifie that Albeit his grace
dothe very moche desire the good arryval of my ladyes grace
of your lordship and the rest of his scruzntes there in
Englande, Yet seing the wynde dothe let and steye you
therin, his highnes taketh your demore in good part as
reason requireth and prayeth you hartely soe to chere my
lady and her trayne as they may think the tyme as short as
the tediousnes of it woll suffer. For the seconde p^rte
touching the prestes his grace wold you shold cause them
R a
244 LI.TTERS OF [1540
bothe to be executed if the lawes and Justice woll condempnc
them bothe And if not thenne to precede to thexecution of
Richardson and to awarde suche punishment to thothcr for
the concclemcnt as your wisedom shal thinke expedient for
thcxemple of others. His Ma/nte wold neither make store
of them ne bestowe a two penys for thrir co«veyance hither,
vnles you shal see farther cause thenne is yet apparant
not doubting but your good lordship woll cause them to
be substancially examyned befor thexecution. I trust there
be no more there of this ranke sorte, a fewe of thise
might brede as greate a sedition as was somoche writen of.
This daye his Mawvrte removed to Grenwich and there
begyneth to entre his newe ordre and among« the rest as
many of the gentlemen penc/oners as be here give their
attendance vtitA their Axes vppon him. Our lorde sende his
Ma^rte long lief and good health to enioye his most noble
Diuises in their best perfection. I sende your lordship again
the bill of Richardsons hands and so pray god to sende you
wttA al yowr charge health and a propice and mery wynde
to bring you nerer vnto vs. From London the
330. (CROMWELL) TO SIR THOMAS WHARTON.
R. O. Cal. xv. 16. <Jan. 3, 1540.)
Directs him to deliver up to the, Scottish officers the arrant traitor,
Alexander Bell, and to report his own proceedings to the King.
Mr. Wharton After my right harty co;;/mcndac/ons having
receyved your \etteres l addressed to me by this berer togither
wz't// suche other writings as wer inclosed in the same, I haue
declared the hole effectrj therof to the Kingrr Ma/Vjtc who
bothe for your discreate handeling of his Aflairrj and for your
gelding giveth vnto you his right harty thankvj And where
it appereth by the Ittteres of the lorde Maxwell that the King
of Scotter is moche desirous to haue delyurrance made of
oon* Alexander Bell his traifcwr Albeit your \fttfres declare
that thofficers of Scotland haue not in the same pointc
cndeuored themselft-j sowel to satisfic the leiges and treaties
as were convenient Yet considering that It is but an yvel
store of a traictowr And that it shalbc his honowr rather for
his parte to satisfic his said treaties according to reason,
thenne to cowmyt the same faulte wherof his grace might
note others and therby chardge them bothe in honour and
dieutie his highnes hathc resolved that you shal in any wise
make dclyuerance of the said Bell though they shal not as
1 c. o. of the xixth of December
J540J THOMAS CROMWELL 245
of reason they ought doo the semblable, pressing them neiur-
thcles in that case after a gentle sorte to haue regarde bothe
to their leages and treaties and also to the iust preceding of
his highnes wherby they well prrceyve his zeale and deter-
mynac/on towards Justice and the augmentac/on of thamytie
whiche very nature beside all other respecter enforceth and
desircth to haue nurished betvvene his highnes and his good
Neighbor and Nephieti And howe you shal precede and
doo herin his grace wold gladly knowe whenne you shal may
conveniently and also of thanswer whiche shalbe made to
your cousin Sandeforde accordingly. Thus
331. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xv. 35. Jan. 7(1540).
Requests him to report more fully concerning the Porter, but to keep the
matter secret.
After my right harty co;«mendac*bns to your lordship
Where sending of Late vnto me your \etterzs w/'t// a discours
of suche Newes as youe hadde thenne receyved out of Fraunce,
amongfs other things you wrote of a point conteyned in the
same whiche shuld touche the porter there whose truth
neurrtheles you doo freendely mayntain as I knowe not the
contrary but you may soo doo for anything that is there
writen to the defacement of the same Neu^rtheles It is
thought necessary that your Lordship shuld more fully bothe
signifie the wordes wherin you think him touched, the
groundes wheruppon you doo note them to grate vppon
him, what your opinion is vppon the same, and howe many
haue been made privy either to the said Newes or to your
adurrtisement, which things as the king^r highnes desirethe
you to write wit/* al diligence, Soo his pleasure is that you
shal kepe this aduise secret, not sparing to signifie the
trouthe in all things according to his MaiVjtes expectaczbn
and the trust reposed in you. Thus Fare you hartely well
From Grenwiche the vijth of January
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good Lorde The Visconte Lisle The
binges depute of his gracrj Town and marches of Calais.
Endd. My \ordfs preuy seals letter wit/i my LoroVj
Aunswer therto
~'ir, LETTERS OF [1540
832. CROMWELL TO SIR THOMAS JORDAN OF REDBURN.
R. O. Cal. xv. 90. Jan. 21 (1540).
The King wishes him to resort to Cromwell at London at once, upon the
receipt of this letter.
I commend me vnto yow, aduertising you thatt the kinges
highnes pleasure and commawndment is thatt for certayne
causes whiche att yowr corny ng shall more largely be openyd
vnto yow ye immediatly vppon the recept of thes my letters
resorte to london to me all excuses settaparte nott fayling
this to doo as ye tender his graces pleasure and intende to
avoyd the pmll thatt might otherwise ensue to yow for the
contrary From london the xxi* of Januarye.
Yowr Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Endd. January xxi°
Add. To Sir Thomas Jurdan of Rcdburn.
333. CROMWELL TO LORD LISLE.
R. O. Cal. xv. io& Jan. 26, 1540.
Concerning the defences and provisioning of Calais. Urges Lisle and
the officers of the town to be vigilant, although no immediate danger
is anticipated.
After my right herty and most affectuouse commendations
to your Lordship Thies shalbe to signifie vnto thesami the
receipte of sundry yowr \ttteres and thenv/t^ the boke of muni-
abns and furnytures And also suche newes as ye have writen
vnto me, Whereof I have aduertised the K'mgfs Maitste whose
graciouse pleasure' is that w/t/t all celerite ther shalbe prouision
of wood sent from hens thither For the whiche propose and to
have the oversight and expedition thereof if ye will scnde
sonv acteve prrson of his grac^j Retynue therr he shall see
afor his departure suche store thereof to be transported as
shalbe requisite And his highnes willeth that ye and all other
there eurry man for his office Rowme and part, shalbe so
vigilant and also in so good ordrc as it apprrteyneth and as
the statut/j of the same do Require. And albeit his Maicste
pirceyveth no present nor Imminent Danger to that town, and
thinketh that no prince wold break the treaties so ferre as to
Invade or attempt in dede anything agenst the same, yet
nevertheles forasmoche as it is better to prevente then to be
prevented and to forsec that the worst may be provided for,
his gractt pleas///? is that it shalbe diligently forseen ther, Not
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 247
onely that vnder the colour and habite of paysanter and
market folkw ther entre not in that Town by litel and litel
a multitude of men of werre desguysed for to surprise the
sami, but also that in the carter and carres comyng into the
same ladyn with hey strawe wood or suche other there be not
brought in weapen or other things conveyed in secretely hydd
in the same to the disavawtage of the Town My lord seen
that your lordship hath the chief charge and is put in the
highest trust there above all other, ye ought likewise to be the
more vigilant and actif and tymely to forsee and cause that
such pr0uisions of wyn and other as may be gotten there
wz't^oute bruyt or "Rumour as therby your good pr^uision
and Industrie the Towne may be so furnished and in that good
suretie that his Matties good expectacion of you doth loke
for, And of suche pnuision that is witA'm the pale and
marches of thesaid Town it wer well don* ye shuld cause
wrtAoute any Rumowr or bruyt asmoch thereof as wer mete
to be brought into the town for the savegarde therof and the
better furnisheme«t of thesanv. Thus Fare ye right hertely
well From London this xxvjth of January.
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my very good lorde the visconte lisle deputie of
the kingrj Towne and marches of Calais.
Endd. January 1539, my lord prz'vey scale concernyng
woode and other furnitur.
334. (CROMWELL) TO THE LORD (PRESIDENT OF THE
NORTH).
R. O. Cal. xv. 166 (ii). (Jan. or Feb. 1540.)
Desires him to examine the matter in dispute between Thomas Grayme
and John Blacket, concerning the vicarage of Ilderton in Northum-
berland.
After my herte comendaczbns vnto your lordeshipp, The
same shall vnderstand where as informaabn is made vnto the
king^r ma/V^te and his most honourable counseill that albeit
one sir John Blacket was presented by force of a certew
vowson gevew out of the late surendered monastery of Kirkham
in the Comitatu of Yorke vnto the vicaredge of Ilderton in the
Comitatit of Northumberland znd vppow the same presentation
was institute in the same yet one sir Thomas Grayme prest
hauing no lawfull tytle ihervnto dothe vexe molest and
248 LETTERS OF [i-,4o
disturbs the said blakkct in suchc sorte as he can not quietlic
cnyoyc the same but is enforced to sue vnto hys ma/V-jtie for
redrew, his maiV\rtes plcaswrr and commandcmewt is that ye
and other of his grace counseill (in) these parties shall wi'tA
convenient celeryte vppon the recept hereof call the said
Blakket and grayme before you and here and cxaw/inc the said
mater wit// the circu/wsta^c^J thervnto belonging, and trie and
investigate bothc there titles and sortt suchc for all ordre and
direction therein as to iustice and equitie shall appfrtene, so
that his ma/Vjte here wit// his most honourable conseill may
be no further molested ther. and in case thorow thobstinancc
of either of the said parties ye can not so do then his highnes
pleswr is that ye shall adurrtise me of the hole mater how
///e same in euery poynt dothe stand to thintent that suche
further directions may be taken therin as shall appertene.
Thus Fare your Lordship hartelie well.
335. CROMWELL TO LORD HUNGERFORD l.
Longford Castle MSS ; Cal. xv. 18$. Feb. 9 (1540).
Desires him to examine the matter in dispute concerning the late Priory
of Henton, and to report to Cromwell Cf. Letter 341.
Thies be for asmoche as the Kinges Majestic hat he ben
enformed that certaine lycences foundacions and other wry-
tynges belongyng unto the late priory of Charterhous Henton
and graunted by Thomas Horton Clothier and other hathe
ben ymbeysted and conveyd away by certaine persons. The
Kinges Majesties pleasure is that ye calling Dame Mary
Horton Wydow, Thomas Horton, William Byrde clerke
Richard Davis and Sir William Furbcr clerke before you shall
examine therin and every of theym by vertue of an othc to be
admynestred to theym by you of and uppon the premysses
with the circumstaunces therof by all the wayes and meanes
ye can or may excogitate and devise and to advertise me of
that ye shall fynd and knowe therin with all convenyent spede
to thentent I may cause suche order and direction to be had
and taken in that behalfc as the case shall requyre. Faile ye
not thus to do as the Kinges trust and expcctacion ys
in you.
London, 9 Feb.
Signed. Add.
1 From the official Record Office transcript.
i54o] THOMAS CROMWELL 249
336. CROMWELL TO LORD STOURTON.
R. O. Cal. xv. 252 (i). Feb. 23 (1540).
Desires him to lease his share of the mill at Yewill to John Compton for
forty years, at the usual rent.
Aftre my right hartie commendation to your Lordshyp
Whereas I am informyd that one John Compton of Yewill
haith in cow/p^rcenere wit/i you a mylne and there of takyth
the moitie of the profetrs and commodities to the same
belongyng and for as moche as the said John is dwelling and
abidyng nyghe vnto the same myll and your Lordshyp fer
from the vse and commoditie there of, cowtentid to receue the
rent of the one halfe, I shall desyer you at the co;/templaczbn
of these my letters to grant vnto the said John Compton
thoccupacion of your moietie of the said myll by Leasse for
terme of XL yeres, or so many as ye can fynd in your hart to
bestow of hym cowueniently at this my request pay/«g there-
fore yerly so moche as heretofore it hathe been accustomyd
by other your lordshypis tenants And thus ye shall so do
vnto me thankfull p\esure & in any your lordshypis lawfull
persutes ye shall requyer the same accordy;/gly. And thus
Fayr you ryght hartely well. Frome Westmywstre thys xxiii
of February.
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To my very good lord my Lord Sturton this be
delivered
Endd. "Lettcre (of) My lord Preevy Scale February xxiii0
337. (CROMWELL) TO LORD .
R. O. Cal. xv. 252 (ii). <Feb. 15, 1540).
Draft of a letter concerning the examination and subsequent treatment of
Richard Smith.
Aftre my right hartie comendaabns vnto yowr lordship
wheras I am enformed that sir "R\c/iard Smithe person of
Langom in the contie of Pembroke is accused and laid in
prison by the bailif ther for certain word^y spokyn sounding
to be treson against the King^r maiestie These shalbe to
require you vrit/i convenient celeritie (to) send as well for the
said parson as other his accusers and vpon examinaczbn hade
and due proves and the said Smithe found gyltye therin he to
remain in prison to suche tyme as the kingrj further plesor
shalbe known therin, and in case his said accusers can make
250 LETTERS OF [i-,40
no de\v prove of the same that then l he finding sufficicnte
sureties pfr bondcs for his apperance at all tyws when he
shalbe called for by the kingrj highnes or any of his ho«<wr-
able consill you suffre him to go at libertie
338. CROMWELL TO WALLOP.
R. O. Cal. xv. 285. Mar. 2(1540).
Directions for his conduct at the French Court. He is to follow up the
advantages gained by Norfolk, and to do his utmost to assure
Francis of Henry's amity, while depreciating the sincerity of the
Emperor. Cf. Letter 340.
Mr. Wallop after my right hartie commendations These
shalbe to Signifye that the K'mgcs Maiestie hathe harde the
reaporte and relation of my lorde of NorfiW£. And also seen
your \cfteres of the xxvij*11 daye of February e wrytten to the
same conteynynge suche discourse and conference as sithcns
his departure you haue had viilh the qwene of Navarre, And
where the said qwene Seamethe to thinke that the Frenche
King ys soo bent [to] growe to an ende w/'t// Themp^rowr as
he woll in no wise breke \vi\Ji the same onles he shuld offre
him to vnreasonable condic/ons The K.inges Maiesties pleaswr*
is that you shall take occasion to speak w/t// the said quene
and that you shall to the same saye as vppon adufrtisement
receyved from my lorde of NornW>t vppon the significac/on
of yowr last conferens w*t^ her that my said lorde of NorftW£
dothe most hertely thanke her for all her greate gentlenes and
aduiseth her that the Kingrj Maw\rte taketh and reputeth her
as his most perfyt and assured frend and woll not fayle soo to
impresse the state of her things on his graces rememberance
as if eurr tyme and oportunyte srrue him she shall well prr-
ceyve that his grace woll not put this her good aflecc/bn and
Frendshipp towards him in obliuion. And thoughe Thcm-
perottr be nowe hieghe and maye for a tyme woorke thingrj
to his commodyte yet her wisdom knoweth that he is but
a man and a mortall as other be yea and maye pmrase here-
after euen whenne he shall think himself most assured of his
estate and highest fynd that the world ys but slippery and
woll suwtyme haue his turnes her wisdom must take patyens
and lyve in hope till tyme shall woorke su;;/me good occasion
to her cow/modyte. And as for his hicghnes porte he doth in
no wise Envye the emp^rowrs felycyte, But his grace is rather
sorye that the said Emprrowr scameth to haue suche an appc-
tytc as he careth not whose thingrj he haue, or howe or by
1 Instrtfd abcne tht lint : ye taking sufficient of the said person
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 251
what mcane he get them or what practises he vse in the world
so [he] may haue his owne will and desyres which ordynate
mynde is to be consideryd in tyme speaally whenne it bringeth
furth w/'t/J it a Fantazie that he shuld be pereles which must
neades partely appere by his woord^ to Mr Wyat thoughe
they be neuer soo gently interpretated. This onely thing you
maye saye moueth the Kinges Ma*V.rte that he sethe Them-
peronr grate so moche vppon his good brother the frenche
king and to take so moche aduauntage of him as he dothe,
For his grace well seeth that the taking of Millan by investi-
ture is not onely the dyrect and open waye to make the Duk
of Orleauns "Thempcrours vassall and Subgiet and soe a straun-
ger to Fraunce, but also the very meane to make hereafter
Dissentyon betwcne him and the Dolphin his brother or at
the lest to engendre busynes betwene theyr posterities and
soo consequently greate daunger trouble and p^rill to the
hole Realme of Fraunce. This his Mateste well noteth and
seing twoo Prince, but yet of twoo dyu^rs natures thus
traffiking together Lamenteth to see his dere Frend thus
strayned and wrought by meanes to the others pleaswr*.
And this point his grace wold also you shuld touche and
inculcc also w/t// the Dolphin as your Wisdom shall thinke
convenient whenne tyme and good occasion shal scrue you.
And his grace desireth youe to reasorte nowe and thenne
both to the quene of Navarre and also to Madame Destampes
that you maye the Better Lern the certaynte of thoccurrauntar.
For whose names you shal herein enclosed receyve a ciphre.
Furthermore his Ma*V.rtes pleasure is that you shal tak your
oportunyte for accesse to the Frenche Kingly owne presence
and after his graces most hertie commendations wit/i lyke
thanks for thentier Love and Zeale which by the relaczon of
my lord of NornV£ yt appereth he bereth in his harte to his
hieghnes the semblable whereof he may be assured to fynde
again on his graovr behalf You shal saye that his grace hathe
been lately enformed that whenne Thempmwr was at Parris
he shuld make a request for ayde to be ministred vnto him
against the Duke of Gheldres wherevnto yt shuld be aunswered
by the Frenche king himself that onles the Kinges Maieste
shuld assist the said Duke he wold geve no ayd against him.
But in that case of his hieghnes ayde to thone he wold not
fayle tassist and ayde thother. And albeit his Maiestie cannot
in any wise thinke that the frenche king wold make any suche
answere or determynac/on Yet his hieghnes thought convenient
bothe most hertely to desier and pray him to signifye frankly
vnto him whether any suche motion and answere hathe been
in dede made, and also to adurrtise him that if his h[ighnes]
269
LETTERS OF
mynded any suche matycr he might Justly doo yt \v/t//out
offence of the Leages and treatyes betwene his grace and
Thempmwr, For they extend no Further but to suche things
as eyther prince had thenne in theyr possessions at the making
of the same whereof Ghelders is no pore/on Wherefore lyke
as his Maiestie verely trustcth that bothe he woll forbeare to
geve Themprrowr any suche ayd whatsoeucr shuld happen
sper/ally seing yt shuld be gevin against him who maye prr-
case stande himself or his posteryte hereafter in some greate
stcadc. Even so he woll not onely adurrtise him the playnes
of this matier But also Frendely ponder and waye what it
shalbe mete for his Maicste of congruence to doo for the said
Duke having his grace maryed his Suster If Themprrowr
shuld attempte to wynne Gheldres by force thother offering
vnto him most reasonable offres and meanes for the tryall and
declaraczon of his title to the same. And what aunswere he
shal make hereunto the Kingfs Ma;Vjte desireth you to adu/r-
tise wit// dyligence. You shal also vndrestand that Torre is
imprisoned in flaundcrs the occasion whereof his grace knoweth
not. Neu^rtheles his pleaswi is that seing he hath srrued
the frenche king you shal of yourself Labor//- his delyurraunce
at that hande and get him there if you can for the tyme and
better framyng of your purpose restored to his Rome and
place accordingly. Sythens the wryting of this 'Lft/fre hitherto
the king« pleas«rr is that at your entre w/t/* the Frenche
king touching the matier of Gheldres, you shal geve him
thanks for that the Kingrj Ma/rjte hathe herd that he shuld
denye Themprrowr ayd against the Duke of Gheldres neurr-
theles his Ma/rjte hathe been also adurrtised from a good
mouth that at suche tyme as this demaund was made he shuld
make his aunswere condycyonel the truth whereof his grace
muchc desireth to knowe and soo Furth as before. Further-
more where as my lord of NorftW£ hathe brought no certain
aunswere of the frenche kingrj aduise touching Themprrowrs
woordes vppon the terme ingratitude The Kinges Ma/Vrte de-
sireth you at this conference w/t// the said Frenche King on his
gracrj behalf to saye vnto him that forasmuche as my lord of
NorfiW£ hathe brought no certain aunswere of his aduise
touching that matyer being oon of the principal causyes of
his Legac/bn And that the woordes here delyurred by his
Ambassador vppon the return of my said lord of NorftW£
concemyng the same thing be yet of suche sorte (as his
hieghnes taketh them) as cannc admyt no good interprrtac/on.
His Maiestie knowing how muche this affaire toucheth not
only himself whose most noble progenitours have eurr worn
a close crown and neurr knowleged any supfriour neythcr
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 253
King nor Empcrour, But also how muche it toucheth his
good brother and al other Icings and prince cannot soo passe
it oui'r in a clowde but most ernestly desireth his good Brother
aforsaid whom he most entyerly loveth and in whom he hath
a speciall trust and confydens depely to waye it w*'t/* him and
frankely and playnely to signifye his aduise what were mete
to be aunswered in it. For vndoubtedly the woord^j sounde
soo yvel that his Ma/V^te thinketh it not mete they shuld be
left vnanswered and what his aunswere shalbe hereunto his
Ma/frte Pr^yeth you also well to obsrrue and by the next
tadurrtise him accordingly Thus fare you hertely well From
London the seconde of Marche.
Endd. The mynute of my L. P. S. "Letters to Mr. Wallop.
339. CROMWELL TO .
R. O. Cal. xv. 305. Mar. 7 (1540).
Requests the recipient to give the bearer the particulars of the site of the
late monastery of Nesham.
I co/wmend me hartely vnto you. thiese be to require you
vpon the sight herof to deliver vnto my frynd James lawson
berer herof, the particulars of the Scite [of] the late Monas-
tery of Nesam w/t// the Demaynes [b]elonging to thesame.
Thus fare ye [well] from the Court the vii* day of
[M]ar[c]he.
Yowr Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
340. CROMWELL TO WALLOP.
R. O. Cal. xv. 332. Mar. 12 (1540).
Information concerning the position and intentions of the Emperor, which
the King thinks will be of interest to Francis. Wallop is to impart
this information to the Queen of Navarre, who may communicate it
to the French King at her discretion. Cf. Letter 338.
Mr. Wallop after my right hartie commendations where the
Kinges Maicstie hath receyved certain aduertisementes from
a very good place which his Ma/V^te thinketh dothe muche
touche his good brother the Frenche King. And that it were
very expedyent he had knowlege of the same. His hieghnes
hathe thought conuenyent to write the same vnto you to
thintent you maye declare them to the quene of Navarre
which his hieghnes wold you shuld doo at your first opor-
tunyte. The p^rticulers be thesse. First his Ma*>jte ys
LETTERS OF [i.-4o
aduiscd that the Constable and Cardinal of Lorricn shal at
their cuwmyng in to Flaunders rather be entretayned w/t/r
chere to shewe an apparaunce of amyte thenne growe to any
conclusion of things according to the french kingrj desicr.
Second yt is adurrtised howe the legate for Farneze by his
Gourrnor Marssellrj dyd move the Frenche King lately by
the bishop of Romez cowmaundemrwt to mak difficulte
a while in his conclusion betwene him and the Emp/rowr,
Saying that the necessite of Themprro//r shuld thereby cause
him to haue what he wold desier, Whereunto the Frenche
King shuld aunswere that if Themprrowr wold lyve as he
dothe in peace and frendeshipp he wold doo his best allwaye
to shewe lyk correspondence. But if he wold treate any
further thing It must be for all dependawntrj or dies nothing.
The latter ende of this saying, that is to saye, The Frenche
Kinges aunswere onely was secretly rea ported to Themp^rowr.
And whenne the Reaporter sayd that all dependaunter included
manny things aswel Burgoyn Navarre treaties of Madril as
Millan and Pyemount, Themp^rowr aunswered that of trouthe
the things were nvrvelously intricate, Adding that at the
treating at Prrpynyon he being thenne at Bersolona. he
thought it not best to conv to any particulers And Euen
soo wolde be lothe yet to com to them For qiwth he there is
daung^r of vnhonest condiabns or of Discontentemewt at
departing. And therefore it is thought and sayd that to
wynne a further delaye The King of Romaynez shal also
goo to vysyt the Frenche King and by these meanes shal
Thempmwr thus wynne tyme and tak his aduantage in other
parties having as the K.'mges Maj>.rte ys aduised a secret
fantazie in his hed That being the Frenche King sickly and
diseased (which is muche to the kinges hieghnes regretc) he
deuiseth howe by meanes to protract and wynne Loking for
that which his grace trusteth he shal not see and thinking if
he were ones passed he shuld easly ynough Frame al his
purposes after Euen as he himself wold wyshe and desier.
Nowe you may require Madame de Navarre to consider what
these things doo saver and in case she shal think that the
knowlege of them maiye anything conferre to the Frenche
King« Benefyt She may open the same at her pleasure and
by oonr point she may prfsfntly Knowe whether any of the
rest be lyk to be true that is by the woordes spoken by the
Frenche King himself touching the dependauntu wher
you may presse her to tak som pains to knowe the certaynt
as a meane to wayc the better the residue Albeyt his Ma/Xrte
doubteth not but in case the constable do not growe to a
thorow agremcnt But shal be put of by delayes newe Invcn-
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 255
cions and deuises. His good Brother the frenche king shal
easly by the same conuert Thempero//rs mynd and purpose.
And what aunsvvere she shal presently or vppon deliberac/on
and inquerye make vnto you, His Ma/V-rtes pleas//r^ is you
shal adu^rtise wit/i conuenye«t diligence Joynyng to your
adu^rtisemewts suche other occurraunts as you shal there
lerne from tyme to tyme worthie his gracs knowlege. You
may also shewe to the quene of Navarre That in lyk man^r
from a good place his Ma/V^te ys adu^rtised that in Spayn
they begynne to Murmur for that Thempmw/r shuld practise
the Maryeng for himself & his childern w/t//out theyr con-
sents, Saying they will kepe a parlyament vppon that and
suche other maters Whereuppon it is thought he woll send
thither the Duke of Alva to doo what he canne tappease and
quiet them Whereby it appereth that were it not onely for
thestimaczbn that he hath by the Frenche King he were lyk
shortely to haue busynes ynough to turn him to. Thus ad-
uising you that the Kingly hieghnes ys in good helth \vitA all
your frends here I byd you hertely well to Fare from
London the xijth of march
Endd. To Mr. Wallop xij marcij
341. CROMWELL TO THOMAS HORTON.
R. O. Cal. xv. 333. Mar. 12 (1540).
He is to deliver to Lord Hungerford the foundation and other evidences
of a chantry founded by his uncle, and also a copy of his uncle's
will, or else to appear before Cromwell to show cause why he should
not do so. Cf. Letter 335.
In my right hartie wise I cowmend me vnto you, And
forasmoche as it is supposed, that the foundacion and dyuers
other evidence and wrytyngs concernyng a Chauntry founded
by your vnckall * been cowmen into your hands possession
and Custodie, thies be not onely to requyre you vpon the
sight hereof to delyuer vnto my Lord Hungerford of
Haitesbury, the said foundacion evidence and wrytyngw,
or asmoche therof as ye haue or may come by, but also a true
copie of your1 vnckall ys testament and last will, to thentent
that vpon the sight therof and due examynacion of that
matier, suche order and direction may be had and taken in
that behalf, as equytie and Justice shall requyre, or els that
ye appere in your owne p^rsone before me the xvth day
after Ester next comyng to shewe a cause reasonable, why
ye ought not so to do. Faile ye not therof, as ye tendre the
1 r. o. Father
256 LETTERS OF [1540
kings Ma/sties pleasure. So fare ye hartely well. From
ray house in London the xijlh day of Marche.
Your Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To my Lovyng frynd Thomas Horton.
Endd. My lorde pryvey scale to Thomas Horton.
i
342. CROMWELL TO SIR GILES STRANGWAYS, SIR JOHN
HORSEY, SIR HUGH PAULET, NICHOLAS FITZJAMES,
AND GEORGE GILBERT.
R. O. CaL xv. 391 (i-ii). Mar. 22 (1540).
The King wishes them to examine the truth of the complaints against
William Hargill, contained in the enclosed bills.
After my right harty commendations vnto you The
same shall receave herin closed certain bills of complaint
Latly exhibited vnto me by on Henry More and other
thinhabitants of Kilmenton in that countie of Somerset
agenst on William Hargill gentleman of the same towne and
Countie that the said Hargill of his extorte power shuld not
onely wrongefully moleste vex and trouble the said inhabi-
tants diurrse waies but also vse and behave himseilf emongs
theim otherwais then doth apprrteyne as ye shall more
plainely prrceave by the contents of the said complaints.
The kings Majests pleaswrr and cowmaunde is that you
calling aswell the said Hargill as the said inhabitants before
you shall grouwdely and substaunciall here and examyne the
Matier conteyned in the said bills aswell by Deposic/on of
wittnesss as proves as otherwais And finally to take suche
ordre and direction therm as by yo//r approved wisdoms
shall seame to standc w/t// equite right and good conscyence
in suche wise as the parleys complayru?//nt may haue no
cause Resonablc eftsones to complayne. Or ells if the
Matier shall so stand that ye can not conveniently so doo,
then the pleas///r of his hieghnes is that ye shall ccrtific me
What ye haue foundc seen and doon therin to thintent suche
forther Remedy may be provided for the same as shall
apprrteync Not failing herof as his grace trusteth you. Thus
fare you well from London the xxijth of Marche.
Your assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 257
Add. To my loving Freindes sir Giles Straingwige, sir John
Horsey and sir Hughe Poulet, knights Nicholas Fitzjames
and George Gilbarde Esquiers and to eurry of them or to three
of them.
Complaint of Henry More of Kylmenton, Somerset, yeoman,
22 March 1540.
Asserts that Hargill and his sons have several times attempted to murder
More for daring to demand the return of a sow stolen by Hargill's
servants.
To the right honnorable my lord prive Scale.
In most piteous and lamentable wise complaynyng shewith
vnto your most honnorable lordship your pore and daily
Orato//r Henry More of Kylmenton in the Countie of
Sonvrsett yoman. That wheras one William Hargyll of
Kylmynton aforsaid gentilman, his sonnes and seruauntes
being men of wray evill reputaabn & comen fighters and
quarellers, w*t/*oute any good or iuste cause but onely of
their pr^pensed malice & myschevous mynde, because your
pore Oratowr knowing that the seruauntcs of the said Hargill
had stollen from your oratowr a sowe, whiche he demaunded
agayne they haue diuerse and sundrie tymes manassed
threatned assawted and lyen in awayte to murder and slee
your pore orato?/r, aswell when he hath ben (in goddes peace
and the Kingr s) in plowing and harrowing his landrj in the
feld^j as also at his pore dwelling house and diuerse other
places to his grete feare and daungier of his life, insomoche
that one of the sonnes of the said Hargill for thaccomplishing
the same their myschevous intent, lay in awayte vnder a hedge
vpon the ground of your oratowr who then was at his Shepe-
house, and comyng homewarde in the evenyng, espied one
standing there so suspiciously demaunded what he was,
wherwith he aunswered and said, thowe horeson thow shalt
knowe bye & bye, and drew oute his swerde rennyng fierly
therw/t/* at your said oratowr, who fled or els he had ben
slayne & still w*t/* his swerde redy drawen pursued your
oratowr to a barne of his, where twoo of your oratours
scruauntes were, who rescued and defended hym, one of
them having but onely a Rake in his hande, whiche was
hewen all in peces, & there the said Hargillrj sonne sore
woounded & hurte the same your oratowrs scruaunt and
put hym in feare and daungier of his life, so that he was not
able to doo any mancr s^ruice to your oratour in nyne or
tenne wekes after, to the grete losse charge and hynderance
MERR1MAN. II
258 LETTERS OF [Vl4o
of your pore oratowr. And also most honnowrablc lord so it
was that your oratowr had twoo grete bores whichc strayed
and went abrode in the woodes, so that he coulde neusr gett
nor fynde them although he at sundry tymes made grete
serche for them, supposyng that the saide Hargill had caused
them to be taken and slayne, for one Richard Carpenter
sfruaunt to the same Hargill reaported to diuerse persons
that he ranne after the said bores in the woodrj aboue ij myles
\v/t// a knyfe drawen in his hande, saiyng he coulde nother
ou^rtake them nor cause his dogges to holde them, and
afterwarde said and reaported in the house of yowr oratowr,
then having sett before hym a pece of brawne, that his master
had somoche brawne at home that he was wery of it, whiche
filled so many tubbes fatto and stonoVj that the same Richard
said, the hole three parisshes of Kylmynton Sturton and
Bradley coulde not eate it at one meale, whiche semed wray
suspicious. And thus yowr pore oratowr onely for dcmaund-
ing his owne goodes & for none other cause (as god knowith)
is daily in grete ieopardy & daungier of his life, & burnyng
& distroiyng & spoiling of his house & goodes So that he
dare not repaire ne come or abide in his pore dwelling house,
but of necessitie right shortly must be compelled (for safe-
guarde of his life) to flye and forsake the cuntrey there, to his
vtter enpoiurysshing and vndoing forcu^r, onles spedy remedy
be the rather by yowr good lordship provided in this behalf.
In tender considerac/on wherof, and forasmochc as your
oratowr, being a wray pore man, not having any frendVj or
other policie or meane to atteyn and gett his pore living for
the sustentac/on of hym his pore wyfe and children, but onely
by his husbondrie & grete labowr, hath ne can haue any manrr
remedy for redresse of the pranysses against the said Hargill
or any of his sonncs or struaunlss being of grete substance.
It may thcrfore please your most honnoarable lordship of
yowr accustomed goodnes towarde pore men for thaduauncc-
ment of equitie and Justice to direct your most honnourable
l<Y/Vrcs to suche discrete and woorshipfull men being Justice
of peace in the cuntrey there nerc adioynyng, as shall like
your good lordship to appoynte, cowmaunding them by the
same to calle bothe the said parties before them, & not
onely to examyne them & euery of them of the contents of
this bill w/'t/i the hole circumstance therof, but also to sett
suchc fynall direction theryn, as yowr pore oratowr may from
hensforth live in reste and quyet, \v/t//outc any further feare
vcxaczon or lossc, and to make true relac/on therof to your
good lordship what they shall perceive theryn, to thentent
the said malefactors may haue condignc punysshemcnt
1540J THOMAS CROMWELL 259
& your said pore oratour recompensed for his said losses and
hurtrj as right and good consciens requireth. And your
said oratowr according to his bounden duetie shall daily
pray to god for the prrsiruaczbn of yowr lordship long to
endure.
Four other complaints of a similar nature follow.
343. CROMWELL TO RALPH SADLER.
B. M. Roy. 7 C. xvi, f. 149 ; Cal. xv. 469. (Apr. 7, 1540.)
Concerning the return of Wyatt, and the advisability of his accompanying
the Prince of Salerno to London. Desires Sadler to request Pate to
repair to Cromwell.
Maister Secretary after my right harty cowmendac/ons By
your letters addressed vnto me By this berer I doo p^rceyve
the k'mgcs Marries pleasure touching thanswer to Mr. Wyatter
lr//rres whiche I receyved as I rode hither, and be now
remytted vnto me I require you to signifie to his Mzieste
that I shal according to my most bounden dieuty cause
Mr. pate to put himself in ordre, and giue adu^rtisement
to Mr. Wyat accordingly iw/mediatly vppon the receipt of
your answer to thise lettcrzs whiche dispeche to Mr. Wyat
I shal staye tyl that tyme vppon the purpose folowing. First
where his Mateste thinketh that Mr. pate might arryve in
suche season as Mr. Wyat might wel accompany the prince of
Salern hither, surely I thinke the same, but whither Mr. Wyat
shuld haue his oportunytie to departe soo sone aftre
Mr. pates cu;;/myng as he might well accompany the said
Prince or no, I doubt moche, the tyme of the taking of his
leave, and the receipt of suche lr/teres and matier as he shuld
bring \\i\Ji him not being in his Arbitre or appointment.
And yet as I thinke it were not mete that he made tomoche
hast even at his departure lest therby he shuld lose suw/me
knowleage worthie to be related aftre to the king^ Maieste.
Again vndre his Mantes correction I thinke it more mete
that Mr. Wyat shuld anymate the said prince (of himself) to
com hither as thoughe he had given no significac/on of it,
thenne that he shuld accompany him, being there his highnes
Ambassad[our]. The world which knoweth that An Ambas-
sador dare not conducte suche a man, without his Masters
knowleage may thinke otherwise of it thenne there is cause,
seing it shalbe no doubt of it opened that neither he hathe
desired licence to com ne yet shalbe reco;;/mended by
Themprrowr. In my poore opinion it shuldbe wel don that
suwme warnyng were sent to Calays for his entreteynement if
he com, and suwme ordre for the like at Dover etc. for his
S 2
260 LETTERS OF [i-)4o
money aftrc he shalbc here arryved, w/t//out making any
further sutes vnto him in this behaulf. Wherein neurrthclcs
I rcfcrrc me holly to his Ma/V^tcs pleasure as my boundcn
dicuty requireth and shal vppon your answer make the
dispcch accordingly. Touching Icighe I thinke the opinion
good for his cuwmyng home wit/t Mr. Wyat, whiche I trust
shal be compased in suche wise as he shal not styk at it,
and thenne his Ma;Vste may obiecte to him his contemptuous
absence at his pleasure. And if his gracious pleasure be that
I shal sende the mynutc aftre it shalbc diuiscd I shall accom-
plishe his pleasure therin as shal appertayn Sithens the
begy(nni)ng of this Ift/tre I am enformed that Mr. pate is
there. I pray you sende for him, and helpe him to take his
leave that he may repair hither vtitit diligence And in the
meane season his k/fcres of credence shalbc prepared. But
as for Instructions, I thinke he shall bettre take them at
Mr. Wyats hande as to lerne the state of things, thenne we
canne aduise him here, onles it shall please the ki/igrj Ma£\rte
to cowmytt any other secret matier vnto him, thenne I knowe
of Thus most hartely Fare you well From london this
Wednesday night
Your assuryd Freend
THOMAS CRUMWELL
Add. To myn Assuryd loving Freende Mr. Sadler esquier
oorv of the Kingrj Ma;V.rtes two principal Secretaryes.
Endd. My Lorde Privie seale to Mr Sadler.
344. (CROMWELL) TO ROGER BRERETON.
R. O. CaL xii. (i) 950 and xv. 524. Apr. 16 (1540).
The King is displeased at hearing that his scholar, Hugh Whitford, is
disturbed in his possession of the parsonage of Whitford. Brereton
is to see to it that he be suffered to remain unmolested in future.
In my ryghte hartie mawner I cow/mcndc me unto you And
where that I wrote my \etteres vnto master Sulyarde and you
aboughtc October was twelve moneth signcfieng vnto you the
kynges pleasure conornyng the tythe and possessyon which
his grace is scolcr Hcughe Whytforde had in the personage of
Whyteforde in the dioo\«* of scynte Assaph. Which benefice
his highnes, the bishopryche of Sainct Assaphes being vacant
did gyue vnto his said scoler l of his gracrj prerogatyfe royall f
1 c. o. by good ryghte and tytle rych was vacant and voyde by
of his crowne by reason of his resignac/bn, the saide byshopriche
royall then also being voyde
* c. o. for as moch as the byshop-
i54°] THOMAS CROMWELL 261
and thai master Haryson dyd make clayme to the same
benefyce by vertue of a vowson therof long before grauntyd
by the Bysshope wherbye he made sute not onlie to dis-
possesse ///e kynges scoler aforesaid in the same benefyce
but also to abrogate and abarre the kynges .ryghte and tytle
and royall prerogative aforeseid contrarie to all good reason
equite & iustice. And therfore I signefyed vnto you there the
kinges pleasure was ///at all sutes shulde surcease in thai
behalfe in flyntshire and that the kinges seyde scoler shulde
in nowyse be disturbed in his possessyon in the said benefice
but that the partyes shulde apere here before the kyng and
his counsayle to abide such ende and dyrecc/bn as shulde
stande wyth his pleasure to be taken therin And those my
letteres notwythstondyng nothing regardyng ///at the poore
scoler hath been in possessyon iiii yeres full at Januarie laste
nor the kinges saide Royall pra-ogatyve you haue made suche
proces in those partyes contrarye to my saide L7fcres ///at ///e
kynges saide scoler Heugh Whyteforde is intollerably vexed
and trobelyd & dispossessyd of a grette parte of the tithes
& oblac/bns of the saide benefyce wherof I doo not a lytle
nvrvaile that you l woll enterprise so to do ageynste 2 the
kinges ryghte tytle & royall prerogatyve. Wherfor this
shalbe eftesones to signefie vnto you his highnes pleasure
is Mat no further3 proces shalbe made in those parties
ageynst the sayd Whytford in that behalf And ///at you shal
se & procure thai ///e seid Heugh Whiteforde shalbe quietlie
sufferyd and prrmyttyd to enioye the possessyon of the seide
benefice of Whiteforde wyth all maner fruytes and emolu-
mentes to the same belongyng vntill suche tyme as the
matter shalbe debatyd here before the kyng and his counsayle
And this not to fayle vnder payne of youre allegiaunoe at my
house in London the xvi day of Apryll
Add. To my lovyng frende master Roger Brereton sheryf
of flyntshyre and depute chamtavleyn of Chester and to all
other his deputyes there.
345. (CROMWELL) TO PATE.
R. O. Cal. xv. 662. May II (1540).
Directs him to be vigilant, and to get all the information he can. He is
to assure the Emperor that the King will not harbour his traitors.
Mr. Pate aftre my right hartie commendations Thise shalbe
to adurrtise youe that the kinges Ma/V^te hathe aswell
1 c. o. durste be so boulde
a c. o. my seid \ettms seyng they dyd concmie * c. o. sute nor
LETTERS OF [1540
Receyved your L/7/rres declaring the departure from Gauntc
of the Duke of Clevcs w/t/t the praredinge there of
Thempm>//r against the Townes men and suche other
things as in some be conteyned, as yo//r other Lr//fcres
touching sir Gregorye, and dothe tak your Diligence in
adurrtisemewt in right good parte not doubting but as the
tyme nowe soo requireth for that the hole worlde of
Christendome hangeth yet in ballance Euen soo youe woll
vse at this tyme suche contynuel vigilancy and soo employe
your wisedome and dexterite to get good intelligence and
sure knowleage of al occurrence as you shall may be hable to
signifye suche matyer from tyme to tyme to his Majrrtie as
shalbe to his contentacion or at the least necessary for his
grace knowlege. You shal also vndrestand that lately there
be arryved in Calays twoo of Themprrowrs Rebelles of
Rousseler in flaundcrs thone ys called Giles van Straet
thother Petre ver Anenyan which be fled vppon summons
made vnto them for their apparaunce before the Empm>//r
for the matiers of Gaunte. They kepe themselfe secreatly in
their hostes house and there shal remayn till wee shall eftsoncs
here from you Wherefore the kinge Mantes pleas///r is that
vppon the receipt hereof you shall take some other occasion
for suwme merchaunte matier or suche other as youe shal
thinke mete to repayre to Monsieur Grandevela and whenne
you shal haue receyved answer to the pretended matyer ask
hym whither Themprrowr haue yet thoroughly finished and
established his matiers of Gaunte, and whenne he shal haue
aunswered, youe may saye that you were the rather moved to
demaunde that question of him for that an Englishe man
passing lately by Calais tolde you that there were there twoo
persons which declared themselfe to haue fledd thither for
saulfgard being suwmoned by an officer at Armes tappere
before the Empm>«rs counsail for those matyers. And if he
demaund theyr names you may tell hym you woll know the
same more ptrfytely of the merchauntes and soo declare the
same vnto hym. And if he wishe they might be delywrcd,
you may of yowrself saye that you knowe right well the
kings; Mattrte woll extende no suche fauowr to traytowrs,
but if the same be demaunded he woll gladly doe therein
as his leagrr and Amytie dothe require. And thus leaving
the matyer w/t//out moche pressing or seming moche to desier
it, you shal adu/rtise what his aunswer shalbe and thercw/t//all
suche other occurrence as you shall thenne knowe mete to be
signifyed to his Mawvrte accordingly. Thus fare youe hertely
well From london the xjth daye of Maye.
To Mr. Pate, xj Maij.
154°] THOMAS CROMWELL 263
346. CROMWELL TO THE BISHOP OF SALISBURY.
R. O. Cal. xv. 717. May 31 (1540).
Desires him to admit a clerk, presented by the patron of the parsonage of
Hilperton in Wiltshire, to be vicar there.
After my right harty cowmendacion vnto your good lord-
ship thiese be for asmoche as my frynd John Walgrave
esquier patrone of the parsonage of Hilperton in the Comitatu
of Wilts^/Vr and in your diocese hath presented vnto you
a sufficient clerk to be parsone ther vpon the dethe of the
late incumbent, to require you to admyt thesayd Clerk
w/t//out any delaye as to your office dothe appertayne,
whereby besides that ye shall do therein that right and reason
requirethe, ye shall admynyster vnto me right thankfull
pleasure, whiche I shalbe glad in semblable wise to requite,
thus hartely fare you well. At my house in london the last
day of May.
Your lordshippis assuryd
THOMAS ESSEX
Add. To my veray good lord the Busshop of Sarw;«.
Endd. My L. P. S. to the bishop of Sarum vltimo Maij.
347. CROMWELL TO SIR GEORGE LAWSON.
R. O. Cal. xv. 746. June 4, 1540.
Concerning the disposition of funds, to pay for the buildings at Berwick
and Carlisle.
Mr. Lawson after my right herty commendations Thiese
shalbe to aduertise you that the kingr s highnes hath appoincted
you to Receyve of Mr. Bekw/th the suwme of oon^ thousand
pounds sterl. to be employed for his gracrj affaires as foloweth.
Furst his grace thinketh that such buyldingrj as have ben
alredy appoincted to be made for this present yere at Berwik
be well nere redy and be almost at an ende, and that ye have
heretofore receyved so moche money as hath ben and shalbe
necessary for the deffrayeng of the same, yet nevertheles in
cace ye shuld nede any more his highnes is contented that ye
shal employe sonv of the said Mu nowe appoincted by you
to be receyved, the whiche his Matie if ye shal nede any
thinketh it shalbe very litel. And therfore his highnes
graciouse pleasure and comwaundemewt is that of the samr
Mu ye shal bistowe the VC or theraboutay to buye and provide
stone lyme sand Tymber and all other mancr stuff necessary
for the buylding nowe appoincted or that hereafter shalbe
264 ITERS OF [1540
appoincted to be donr the next yeir folowing at Berewik
And the rest of the said Mu to be employed abouto the
prtmision of like stuffe for the buylding to be made this said
next yer/. For the straight and fortification of Carleil.
For that ones p^rfowrmed that hath ben appoincted for this
yere to be donr at Berwik his highnes woll that ye shal staye
to buyld any newe devise for this present yerr but onely
employe the said Mli in manrr and fowrme before declared
For the receipt of the whiche Mu ye shal receyve herw/tA
A warrawwt signed w/t/< his Ma"*" hande for the paynv/rt
thereof. Thus Fare ye right hertely well From london this
iiiith day of Maye June ' the xxxiilh ycre of his graces most
Noble Regne.
Endd. The Minute of My L. P. S. fc7/rre to Mr Lawson
iiii Junij.
348. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Titus B. i, 273 ; CaL xv. 776. (June 12, 1540.)
Confessions of some of the charges brought against him : denials of
others. Pleas for mercy and forgiveness.
Moste gracyous King and most mrrcyfull sourrayng yo//r
most humble most obbeysand and most boundcn subiett
and most lamentable seruattnt and prysoner prostrate at the
Feate of yo//r most excellent magestye haue herd yo//r plea-
sure by the mouthe of yo//r Comptroller which was that I
sholde wrytte to your most excellent highnes such things as
I thought mete to be wryttyn Consrrnyng my most myser-
able State and Condicyon for the whiche yowr most haboun-
daunt goodnes benignyte and lycens the Immortalle god
three and On rewarde yo//r magestye, and now most gra-
cyous Prynce to the matyer Fyrst wher(as) I haue beane
accusyed to your Maiestye of Treason to that I saye I neuer
in all my lyflfe thought willinglye to doo that thing that
myght or Sholde displease your Magestye and moche lesse
to doo or saye that thing which of hit SelfT is so highe and
abhomynable offence as god knowyth who I dowt not Shall
reueale the trewthe to yowr Highnes. mynr accusers yowr
grace knowyth god Forgyve them. For as I eurr haue hade
loue to yowr Honowr person lyfle pn?speryte helthe welthe
Joye and Comforte and also yo//r most dere and most entyerly
belouyd Son the Prynce his grace and your pr0cedingr.y god
so hclpe me in this myne adurrsyte, and Conffound me yf
curr I thought the Contrarye. What labours paynes and
su.
J540] THOMAS CROMWELL 265
trauayles I haue taken according to my most bounden deutye
god also knowyth, for yf it were in my power as yt is goddes
to make your Magestye to lyue euer yong and prosperous
god knovveth I woolde yf it hadde bene or were in my power
to make you so riche as ye myght enryche allmen god helpe
me as I wold do hit yf it hade bene or were in my power to
make your Magestye so pusaunt as all the woorlde sholde
be compellyd to obbey you Crist he knowyth I woolde For
so am I of all other most bounde For yo//r Maiestye hathe
bene the most bountyffull prynce to me that eurr was kyng
to his Subiect ye and more lyke a dere Father yo//r Magestye
not offended then a maister. Such hathe bene your most
graue and godlye counsayles towards me at sundrye tymes
in that I haue offended I ax your mercye. Sholde I now
for Suche exceding goodnes benygnyte libiralyte and bountye
be your traytor nay then the gretest paynes wer to lityll
For me. Sholde any Faccyon or Any affeccyon to Any poynt
make me a traytor to your Mageste then all the deuyllrj in
Hell Conffounde me and the vewgeaunce of god light appon
me yf I sholde ons haue thought it most gracyous sou^rayng
lorde to my remembraunce I neuer spake w*t/j the Chaun-
celor of the Augmentacyons and Frognvrton together at on*
tyme. But yf I dyde I am sure I spake neuer of any Suche
matyer and yo//r grace knowythe what manner of man
thrognvrton hathe euer bene eiur towardes your grace and
your preceding^ and what Maister Chauncelor hathe bene
towards me god and he best knowyth I will ne Can accuse
hym What I haue bene towards hym your Magestye right
well knowyth I woolde to Crist I hadde obbeyed your often
most gracyous graue Counsayles and adu^rtysmenttrc then it
hadde not bene with me as now it ys Yet our Lorde yf it be
his wille Can do wtt/t me as he dyde wz't// Susan who was
Falslye accusyd vnto the whiche god I haue onlye Co;«mytted
my Sowlle my bodye and goodes at your Magestyes pleasure
in whos nvrcye and pyete I doo hollye Repose me For other
hope then in god and your Magestye I haue not. Syr as to
your Cow/mon welthe I haue after my wytt power and know-
lege trauayled therin hauyng hadde no respect to persons
(your maiestye onlye except) and my dewty to the same but
that I haue done anye Iniustyce or wrong willffullye I trust
god Shalbere me wytnes and the woorlde not hable Justlye
to accuse me and yet I haue not done my dewtye in all things
as I was bounde wherfor I aske nurcye. Yf I haue herde of
Any conbynacyons Conventycles or suche as wer offenders of
yo//r lawse I haue though not as I sholde haue done for
the most parte reuealyd th«m and also Causyd them to be
266 LETTERS OF [1540
punyshed not of males as god Shall Judge me. Neurrtheles
Str I haue mcdclyd in So many matyers vnder your Highnes
that I am not able to answer them all but onr thing I am
well assuryd off that wittinglye and willinglye I haue not
hadde will to offend yowr Highnes but harde it ys for me or
any other medlyng as I haue done to lyue vnder yowr grace
and yowr lawse but we must daylye offende and wher I haue
offendyd, I most humblye aske mrrcye and pardon at yowr
gracyous will and plesure. Amongyst other things most
gracyous sowrrayng maister Comptroller Shewid me that your
grace Shewid hym that wit//in thes xiiij days ye Cowmyttyd
A mattyer of gret Secresye which I dyde Reaueale contrarye
to your expectacyon Syr I do remembre well the matyer
which I neurr reuelyd to any Creature but this I dyde Syr
after your grace hadde openyd the matyer Fyrst to me in
your Chamber and declaryd your lamentable Fate declaring
the thingrj whiche your Highnes myslyked in the Qucne at
\vhiche tyme I shewyd yowr grace that she often desyryd
to speke w;t// me but I durst not and ye sayd why sholde
I not alleging that I myght do moche good in gooing to her
and to be playn wit// her in declaring my mynde : I theruppon
lakkyng oportunyte not being a lytill greuyd spake preucly
w/'t// her lorde Chambrrlayn for the which I aske yowr
grace mrrcye desyryng hym not namyng yowr grace to hym
to Fynde Som mean that the quene might be inducyd to order
yowr grace plcsantlyc in her behaueowr towards yow thinkyng
therbye for {to) haue hade Some Fawtis Amendyd to yowr
Magestyes Comffort and after that by genrrall woord*\r the
sayd Lord Chambrrlayn and other of the Quenes Cownsayle
being wit// me in my chamber at VVestm/>w/^r For lycens for
the departure of the strang maydens I then requeryd them to
Counsayle thayr mastres to vse all plesauntnes to yowr
Highnes the which things vndowtydlye wern bothe spokyn
before yowr Magcstye Comyttyd the Secret matyer vnto me
onlye of purpose that She myght haue bene Inducyd to suche
plcasaunt and honorable Fassyons as might haue bcenc to
your gracys cowfforde which aboue all things as god knowyth
I dyd most Couyt and desyrc but that I openyd my mowthe
to any Creature after yowr Majestye cowmytted the Secresye
therof to me Other then onlye to my lorde admyrall which
I dyde by yowr gracys comandemcnt which was vppon
Sondaye last in the mornyng whom I then Founde as willing
and glade to scke remydye For yowr Comffort and consolacyon
and sawe by hym that he dyd as moche lament yowr Highnes
Fate as eurr dyd man and was woondcrffullyc greuyd to Sc
yowr Highnes so trowbelyd wysshing grctlye your Comffort
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 267
For the Attaynyng wherof he sayd your hono//r saluyd he
woolde spend the best blood in his bodye and yf I woolde
not do the lyke ye and willinglye dye for your Comffort
I woolde I were in Hell and I woolde I sholde receyve
a thousande dethis. Syr this is all that I haue done in that
matyer and yf I haue offendyd your magestie therin prostrate
at your magestes fete I most lowlye aske mrrcye and pardon
of your Highnes. Syr ther was also layde vnto my Charge
at myne examenacyon that I hadde retaynyd contrarye to
yo//r lawse Sir what exposycyon may be made vppon
retaynours I know not but this will I saye if eu^r I retaynyd
any man but suche onlye as were my Howsholde struaunttes
but ageynst my will god Conffound me but most gracyous
sou^rayng I haue bene so Called on and Sewyd to by them
that Sayd they were my Frendw that Constraynyd therunto
I resayuyd thayr Chyldren and Freendw not as Retaynows
For thayr Fathers & parents dyd promyce me to Fynde
them and so toke I theme not as retaynours to my great
Charge and For non* evyll as god best knowythe interpret to
the Contrarye who will most humblye beseching your
magestye of pardon yf I haue offendyd therin Sir I doo
knowlage myself to haue bene A most myserable and wrechyd
Synner and that I haue not towards god and your Highnes
behauyd my self as I owght and Sholde haue done. For the
which myne offence to god whyles I lyue I shall contyn-
wallye kail for his m^rcye and For myne offencys to your
grace which god knowyth wer neu^r malycyous nor willfull,
and that I neu^r thought treson to your Highnes your Realme
or posteryte So god helpe me ayther in woorde or dede neucr-
theles prostrate at your magestes (feet) in what thing soeurr
I haue offendyd I appell to your Highnes For mercye grace
& pardon in suche wyse as Shalbe your plesure beseching
the allmyghtye maker and redemer of this woorlde to send
your Maiestye Contynuall & long helth wdthe and pr^speryte
w*t/* nestors yeres to reigne and your most dere Son the
Prynces grace to prosper Rayn & Contenew long after you
and they that woolde Contrarye Short lyffe Shame & conffu-
syon wrytin wit// the quaking hand and most Sorowffull
herte of your moste Sorowffull Subeiect and most humble
seruaunt & prysoner this satyrday at your (Tower) of
london
THOMAS CRUMWELL
268 LETTERS OF [1540
349. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
Hatfield House, Cecil Papers, 124-7 ; Cal. xv. 823. June 30 (1540).
Answers to the King's inquiries, and information concerning the relations
of Henry and Anne of Cleves from the time they first met at
Rochester.
Most mrrcyfull king and most gracyous souerayng lorde
may hit please the same to be adiuvtysyd that the laste
tyme it pleasyd your bening goodnes, to send vnto me the
right honourable lorde Chauncelcr the Right honorable Duke
of Norffoke and the lord admyrall to examynr and also to
declare to me dyuers things from yowr magestye amongist
the which onr specyall thing they movyd and thervppon
chargyd me as I woolde answer, beffor god at the dredffull
daye of Judgement and also vppon the extreme daunger and
Dampnacyon of my sowlle and consyens to saye what
I knew in the mariage and consrrnyng the mariage betwene
your highnes and the quene to the which I answeryd as
I knew declaring to them the p^rtyculcrs as nyghe as I then
coulde call to Remembraunce which when they hadde harde
they in in l your maiestees name and vppon lyke charge as
thay hadde gyvyn me beffbre cowmaundyd me to wrytt to
yo//r highnes the trewthe as moch as I knew in that matyer,
which now I doo, and the veraye trewth as god shall salve
me, to the vttermost of my knowlage. Fyrst after your
maiestye herde of the ladye Anne of Clevys arryvall at
dowr and that her Jerneyes wer appoyntyd towards
grenwiche and that She sholde be at Rochester on new
yeres evyn at nyght your highnes declaryd to me that ye
woolde pryvelye vysyt her at Rochester vppon newyeres
daye adding thes woordes to norishe loue, which accordinglye
your grace dide vppon new yeres daye as is abouesayd, and
the next day being.Frydaye your grace reternyd to grenwyche
wher I spake w*t// your grace and demandyd of yowr magestye
how ye lykyd the ladye Anne your highnes answeryd as me
thought hevelye And not plesantlye nothing so well as She
was spokyn of Saying Ferther that yf yowr highnes hadde
known asmoche beffore as ye then knew she shold not haue
Cow/men w;t//in this Realme, Saying as by way of lamenta-
cyon what remedye, vnto the which I answeryd and said
I knew noiu* but was veraye Sory therffore and so god
knowith I was for I thought hit a harde begynnyng, the next
daye after the recept of the said ladye and her enterye made
1 540] THOMAS CROMWELL 269
in to grewwyche and after your highnes hadde brought her
to her Chamber I then waytyd vppon your highnes into
your pryuey chambre, and being ther your grace Callyd me
to yow Saying to me this woordrj or the lyke my lorde is
it not as I told yow say what they will She is nothing so
Fayre as she hathe bene reportyd, howbeit she is well and
semelye, wherunto I answeryd Saying by my Faythe Syr ye
Saye trewthe, adding therunto that yet I thought she hadde
a quenlye mannrr, and neu^rtheles was sorye that your grace
was no better content, and theruppon your grace cowmandyd
me to calle to gether your Cownsayle whiche were thes by
name the archebusshop of Caunterburye the Dukes of
Norffolke & Suffolke my lorde Admyrall my lorde of
Duresme and my selffe, to Commonc of thos matyers, and
to know what cow/myssyon the Agenttrj of Clevys hadde
browght as well touching the p^rfformfl/mce of the Con-
uenaunttes sent beffore from hens to Doctowr Wotton to haue
bene Concludyd in Clevys, as also in the declaracyon how
the matyers, stode for the Conuenawntts of Maryage betwene
the Duke of loreyns Son and the sayd ladye Anne, whervppon
Osleger and Hogeston wer Callyd and the matyers purpossyd,
wherby it playnlye apperyd that they were moche astonyed
and abasshed and desyryd that the(y) might make answer in
the next mornyng which was sondaye and vppon sondaye
in the mornyng your sayd Cownsaylors and they met Erlye
and ther eftsons was purposyd vnto them aswell touching
the £omyssyon For the performaunce of the tretye and
artycles Sent to maister Wotton as also touching the
Contractor and Couenaunttes of mariage betwene the Duke
of lorayns Son, and the ladye Anne and what termes thay
stodde in, To the whiche things so purposyd thay answeryd
as men moche prrplexyd that as touching Cowmyssyon thay
hadde none to trete consrmyng the Articles sent to Mr. Wotton
and as to the cowtractrj and Conuen^/mttrj of mariage they
cowlde Say nothing but that a reuocacyon was made, and
that thay were but spowsaylles, and Fynallye after moche
resonyng they offeryd them selffiw to Remayne prysoners
vntyll suche tyme as they Sholde haue sent vnto them P'rom
Clevys the Fyrst Artycles Ratyflfyed vnder the Duke thayr
maisters Signe and Scale, and also the copye of the reuocacyow
made betwene the Dulce of lorayns Son and the ladye Anne,
vppon the which answers I was sent to your highnes by my
\ordrs of your said Counsayle to declare to your highnes what
answere they hadde made and Came to yo//r highnes by the
prevey wey into your prevey Chambre and Declaryd to the
same all the Cyrcumstaunc^r wherw/tA your grace was veray
270 LETTERS OF [i;>4o
moch displcasyd Saying I am not well handelyd, insomoche
that I mought well p*rsayue that your highncs was Fully
detcrmenyd not to haue goonr thoro\v wit// the maryage at
that tyme Saying vnto me thes woord« or the lyke in effect
that yf it were not that she is com So Farre into my realme
and the great preparacyons that my states & people hathe
made For her and For Fere of makyng of a Ruffull in the
woorlde that is to meane to dryve her brother into the handrj
of the emperowre and Frenche kyng« hands.? being now to
gether I woolde neurr haue ne marye her, so that I myght
well prrsayve your grace was neyther Content wit// the
person ne yet content wit// the preceding of the Agenttrj, and
at after dynner the sayd Sondaye your grace Sent For all
yo//r Sayd Cownsaylours and in repeting how your highnes
was handelyd aswell towching the said Artycles as also the
sayd matyer of the Duke of loreyns Son it myght and I dowt
not dyde appere to them how lothe your highnes was to
haue maryed at that tyme. And theruppon & vppon the
consyderacyons aforsayd yo//r grace thowght that it sholde
be well done that She Sholde make a pnrtestacyon beffore
your sayd Cownsaylours and notaryes to be present that she
was Free from all contracts which was done accordinglye, and
theruppon I repayring to yowr highnes declaryng how that
she hadde made her pnrtestacyon, wherunto your grace
answeryd in effect thes wooroVr or moche lyke is ther non^
other Remedye but that I must nedts agenst my will put my
nek in the yoke, and so I dep^rtyd levyng your highnes in
a studye or pensyvenes, and yet yo//r grace Determenyd the
next mornyng to go thorow and in the mornyng which was
Mondaye your mageste preparying yourself toward/? the
seromonye, ther was Sonv questyon who sholde lede here
to churche and it was appoyntyd that the Erll of Essex
disceasyd and an Erll that Cam** wit// her sholde lede her to
chyrche and theruppon one Cam to your highnes and said
vnto yow that the Erll of Essex was not yet Com* wheruppon
your grace appoyntyd me to be on that sholde lede here
and So I went vnto her Chamber to thentent to haue don
yow Comawndme//t and shortlye after I Cams into the
Chambre the Erll of essex was Com wheruppon I repayryd
bake Ageyn in to your graces pryvey Chambre and Shewyd
your highnes how he was com** and theruppon yowr Magestye
avauncyd toward the galerye owt of your pryvey Chambre,
and your grace being in and abowte the middes of your
Chamber of prescns Callyd me vnto yow Saying thes woordrr
or the lyke in centens my lorde yf it were not to Satysfye
the woorld and my Realme I woolde not doo that I must
THOMAS CROMWELL 271
doo this day For none erthlye thing, and ther vfitA one
brought your grace woorde that She was Co;«myng and
theruppon your grace Repayryd into the galerye towards
the Clossett and ther pawsyd her Cowmyng being nothing
content that She So long taryed as I iudged then, and so
consequently^ She Cam*', and your grace afterwards pro-
cedyd to the Serymonyes, and they being Fynysshyd
travelyde the day, as appartaynyd, and the nyght after the
Costom*? And in the mornyng on tewysday I repayryng to
your Majesty in to your prevey Chambre Fynding your
grace not so plesaunte as I trustyd to haue done I was so
bolde to aske your grace how ye lykyd the quene wherunto
your grace Sobyrlye answeryd saying that I was not all men,
Surlye my lorde as ye know I lykyd her beffor not well but
now I lyke her moche woorse For quoth your highnes I haue
Felte her belye and her brests and therby as I Can Judge
She Sholde be noe mayde which Strake me So to the harte
when I Felt them that I hadde nother will nor Corage to
precede any Ferther in other matyers, Saying I haue left
her as good a mayde as I Founde her whiche me thought
then ye spake displesauntly which I was veraye Sorye to
here, your highnes also after Candlemas and beffore Shoroff-
tyde oons or twyse sayd that ye were in the same Case wz't^
her as ye were affore and that your hert Coulde neuer
consentt to medyll vrit/i her Carnallye notwithstanding your
highnes alledgyd that ye For the most parte vsyd to lye
with her nyghtlye or every second nyght, and yet your
majestye euer sayd that she was as good a mayde For yow
as euer her mother bare her, For any thing that ye hadde
mynystred to her your highnes Shewyd me also in lent last
passyd at suche tyme as your grace hadde Sum^ cow/munica-
cyon \\i\Ji her of my ladye marye how that She began to wax
Stoborne and wylffull, euer lamentyng your Fate and euer
vereffyng that ye hadde neuer any Carnall knowlage wit/e
her, and also after Ester your grace lykewyse at dyuers
tymes and in the whytsonweke in your gracys prevey
Chamber at grenewyche excedinglye lamentyd your Fate
and that your gretyst grefife was that ye sholde Surlye neu^r
haue any moo Chyldren For the Comffort of this Realme yf
ye Sholde So Contynew, assuryng me that beffore god ye
thought she was neuer your lawffull wyff at which tyme your
grace knowyth what answer I madde, which was that I woojde
for my parte do my vttermost to Comffort & delyu^r yo//r
grace of your afflyccyon and how sorye I was bothe to Se
& here your grace god knowyth your grace dyuers tymes
Sethen \\ytsontyde declaryd the lyke to me, eu*r alledgyng
272 LETTERS OF
oiv thing, and also Saying that ye haddc as moclic done to
mouc the Consent of yowr hert and mynde as cufr dyd man
and that yc toke god to wytnes but eu/r ye sayd the obstacle
Coulde neurr owt of yowr mynde and gracyous pr>'nce after
that ye haddc Fyrst sene her at Rochester I neu/r thov
in my hert that ye were or wooldc be contentyd w/'t/r that
maryage, and Syr I know now in what Case I Stande In
which is oonlye in the nvrcye of god and yowr grace, yff
I haue not to the vtterest of my Remembraunce Sayd the
trowthe and the nolle trowthe in this matyer god ncurr helpe
me I am Sewre as I thinke ther is no man lyvyng in this
yowr Realme that knew more in this then I dyde your
highnes onlye except and I am sure my lord admyrall Calling
to his Remew/braunce Can Shew yowr highnes and be my
wyttness what I sayd vnto hym after yo//r grace Cam* From
Rochester, ye and also after yowr gracys maryage, and also
now of late Sethens wytsontyde, and I dowt not but manye
and dyuers of my lordVj of your Counsayll bothe beffore
yowr manage and Sethens haue Right well prrsayvyd that
your magestye hathe not ben well pleasyd \vit/t your mariage,
and as I shall answer to god I neurr thought yowr grace
content after ye hadde ons Sene her at Rochester, and this
is all that I know most gracyous and most nvrcyffuH
Sou^rayng lorde, beseching almightye god who eurr in all
your Causes hathe eu^r Counsaylyd preservyd oppenyd
mayntayned relevyd and defiendyd yowr highnes so he now
•will witsave to Cownsayle yow preserue yow maynteyn yow
remedye yow releve and deffend yow as may be most to
yowr honor welthe prosperytye helthe and Comffort of yowr
hertys desyre For the whiche, and For the long lyffe &
prosperouse reighne of of * yowr most Royall magestye I shall
duryng my lyffe and whylis I am here praye to almyghtyc
god that he of his most haboundant goodnes, will help ayde
and Comffort yow and after yowr Contenewaunce of Nestors
yeres that that most noble Impe the prync/j grace yowr most
dere Sone may succede yow to reighne long prosperouslye
and Felycyouslye to goddes plesure, besechyng most humblye
yowr grace to pardon this my Rude wryting, and to consyder
that I am a most wooffull prysoner redye to take the dethe
when it Shall please god and yowr majestye and yet the
Fraylle Fleshe incytythe me cowtynnewallye to Call to yowr
grace For m^rcye and pardon For myn* offencys and this
Crist Salve preserue & kepe yow wrytyn at the towre this
Wcdensdaye the last of June vttt/t the hevye hert and
stc.
r
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 273
tremblyng hande of your highnes most hcvye and most
myserable prysoner & poore slave
Most gracyous prynce
I Crye for m^rcye m^rcye mercye
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Add. To the king my most gracyows Soiurayng lorde his
Royall magestye.
350. CROMWELL TO HENRY VIII.
B. M. Otho C. x, f. 247 ; Cal. xv. 827. (June 30, 1540.)
Tells the same story as the preceding in slightly different words.
That it hathe pleasyd your most royall and most nvrcyfull
M to send to me suche honorable parsonages at ij°
seurrall tymes at ... one tyme Suyd For and at the other
tyme declaryng v my state and Condycyon, in most
honorable prudent .... Sage Fascyon my gracyos and most
benigwe sourrayng lord .... that I Cannott condingly do
my dewtye to your Magest tynuallye duryng my lyffe
pray to allmygh(t)y god es may rewarde your gracyous-
nes and prync ardes me, and vvher gracyous prynce
thaye at re towards me herd me in every thing what . .
. . . t any Interrupcyon wit/t suche gentylnes and more
desyre, So they presyd me by al Coulde to detect
and accuse any other olde in any wyse not be trew
vnto your I answeryd as I now doo that yf I kn
your Realme that were not your trew leag as my dewtye
is detect them, for grac nothing erthelye that I more
Couett Royall prison and the welthe of your
Rea ... w .... our lorde that best knoweth help de-
claryd to me playnlye the recytall of dy[u]er
same myn offence being by honest and probbable wytnes
prouyd I was by your honorable lord^j of the upper howse
and the woorshipfuli and discrete Cowmu[n]es of your nether
howse convyctyd & Attayntyd . gracyous souerayne when
I herde them I sayd as now I saye that I am A Subiect and
boorn to obbey lawse, and knowing that the tryall of all
lawse only consystethe in honest and probable wytnes and
Consyderyng that the state of .... Realme hadde harde
and Resayued them and th procedyd as I am sure they
haue done w/t/rout Submyttyd me to thayr centens
and therffor highlye and eftsons I most hertely
thanke god but yet I must now bcseche your grace
of pard albeit lawse be lawse and in them haue
MERKIMAN. II T
274 LETTERS OF 1 1 ;4o
yet god is god and knowethe bothc towards your
Maiest>'C, and your Rcalmc how dere your prrson
was is and eurr hathe bche greyvd me, That I sholde
be notyd el hadde yowr lawse in my brest, and
mentarye god he knowythe the he ton
and the other gyltles, la full Crysten man and so will
I e and Conscyens yowr highnes tre wooll,
but gracyous kyng hathe benc great and yowr
.... woorlde therffor most gracyous prynce I humble
Submytt me to yowr and aske off god mrrcyc For my
Synnes and of yowr high mrrcye & pardon For myn
offence as to yowr high wysdome shall Seme most convenyent,
and Syr that eurr I haue dyssayuyd yow in Anye of yowr
tresure Surlye I haue .... and that god almyghtye best
knowythe, and so that I holpen at my most nede
I beseche Crist, Syr vppon es I most humblye beseche
yowr gracyous magestye d & gracyous lorde to my
pore Son the good & vertu wyflfe and thayr poore Chil-
dern, and also to my cst and this I desyre of yowr grace
For Crist humblye thanke yowr magestye For Suche
money as be my good lordes and also beseche the
same shalbe your gracyous plesure that
I Shall ly orlde that I may haue those things that
may .... I Shall dayelye pray for yowr highnes
things my lordts mouyd and sowlle and conscyens to
declare what maryage betwene yowr magest
. . . the which I answeryd as I knew dec ers as
nygh as I Cowlde and ther wrytt to yowr highnes the
trcwthc as ich was in this Sorte after that yowr ....
. . . ne was aryuyd at doucr and dt-s grenwyche and that
S at nyght yowr h grace repayeryd towards
nyght to grenwyche wher I spake w/t// yowr grace and
demaundyd of yow how ye lykyd the ladye Anne yowr grace
being sum what heuy as I toke hyt answeryd and sayd She
was no suche manner of wooman as She hadde ben declaryd
to yow \\-it/t many other things which Surlye moche grevyd
me for I prrsayuyd yowr grace to be nothing content, neu*r-
theles yowr highnes determenyd For the met .... the next
daye to be hadde as it was beffore ap . . . . and after whiche
metyng and yowr Entre made yowr grace Callyd me
vnto you askyng me wh tolde me trowth or no, to the
which I said lyty veray Sorowffull to consydcr that
yowr grace content and then yowr highnes cowmandyd
me my lorde of Canterburye my lorde Cha .... Nor-
ffolke my lorde of Suffolke my lorde and my lorde of
Durham to Cowmen t manage, and that we sholde
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 275
call the duke of Cleuys to know what C for
the concluding of Certayn artyc Mr. Wootton and also
what thaye h the Contracte and Couenawntter ....
.... ye Anne, and the duke of lorey ger and hodg-
gesten werrn Cally yd and declaryd your gracyo
basshed and desyryd that mornyng which was . . .
.... in the mo to treate of the Artycles beflfor
proponyd by M .... wotton ne yet hadde browght Any dis-
charge or decl of the conuenaunttes of Maryage
betwene the duke of lor Son and the ladye Anne,
neurrtheles Osleger offer to remayn here as A prysoner
vntyll suche tyme certayn Artycles Sholde be rateflfyed
being parce the Artycles purposyd beffore and also
to bry Autentyke Fascyon & Forme A reuocacyon
of .... conuenaunttcs and cowtractys of maryage made bet . .
. . . . e ladye Anne and the Duke of loreyns Son s the
Ferthest that Coulde be goton of them nges being de-
claryd, your highnes was ver tt and sayd ye were not
well handelyd that ye were veraye lothe T an yd
not to haue concludyd the and then after dynner the
same so entt For all the sayd my lord^r your Cow(n)-
sayle g debatyng of the matyer it was des of
Canterburye and Durham ers betwene the Son of
lorayn and er butt spowsaylles and that suche
a nade as was aledgyd. That thenn^
estacyon in An honorable presens Notaryes Sholde be
a Suffy wheruppon your grace R and
that all the person Insomoche that after her protes-
tacyon made beffore your lordes and your preparacyon to
maryage in the mornyng going thorow your Chamber of
presens your highnes Sayde to me thes woord^r or the lyke in
centens, my lorde yff yt were not to Satysfye the woorlde and
my realme I woolde not doo that I Shall do this daye For non
erthelye thing, and therwzt// on* browght your grace woord
that She was cowmyng and theruppon your grace procedyd
to the Fy determynacyon of the Seremonyes vsyd in
lyke .... after passyd that day honorablye and the ne
repayring vnto your highnes into your pryvey Founde
your grace not plesantt and yet neurr nto CO/H-
m[un]ycacyon \\iih your highighnes 2 I was so
how ye lykyd the quene, wherunto your grace was
not allmen alledgyng that ood A mayd as ye Founde
her declary er brester were and how her belye
was of uche as your grace hadde not Felte
1 c. o. that • sic.
* T2
276 LETTERS OF [1540
.... yowr gracys woordtt that bcsydss your dis ght
be dowtyd whether She were rydlye verey displeasaunt
your grace ter Candelmas and beffore Shoreflft
me that yo//r harte Coulde neurr otw/'t//-
stonding that ye For eurr saying that hadde
Sum Cowm[un]ycacyon w/'t// her of my ladye marye .... She
began to wax Stoborn and willfull mochc lament
yowr Fate and Fortune eutr alledgyng that Ye hadde ....
Carnallye known here, and in lyke wise after ester & in ....
whyttonsonweke at grenwyche in yowr preuey cham .... ye
then lamentablye complaynyd yowr Fate decl .... ye hadde
done all that ye Cowlde to move Nature consentt to
haue don w/t// her as is prrtenent to yet eu^r ther was
an obstacle, and t . . . . howght beffore god She was not yo//r
wyffe I Sayd to your grace at that tyme I dowt no
race well rememembrethe hyt manye othe thyn
Whytsontyde yowr grace hathe greuos haunce which
assurydlye hathe not ne, mor then this gracyous and
m . . . . g lorde Can I not Saye, but that it laye in my
power to Com .... and that w/t// Sheding of my blode ye ...
. . . but I dowt not god who alwcys h delyurr yowr
grace From this ndc and bryng yow to Cowffort. For
this knowing myself to be onlye at the nr
grace and w/Mowt hoppc of lyff that after
ye Cam From Roch e here, I dyde neiur b t
to mary For the satysfaccyon of the woorldc
and your Reallme then otherwyse and thys I thinke to
be trew as I Shalbe sauyd at the dredffull daye of Judgement.
I am A right Symple man to be A wytnes in this matyer but
yet I thinke next your grace I know asmoche as Anye onr man
lyuyng in thys Realme dothe and that this is trew god Shalbe
my wytnes who best kn the trowthe, and I trust my
lorde admy .... bere me wyttnes what I Sayd to him
retorne From Rochester and also at dyuers I dowt not
all my lordrs befibrnamyd my p^rsayne bothe beffore
the Daye of yowr gracyous and after that your
hignes was not god I neurr thought yowr grace co . . .
no Sene her and So Crist akyng an ende
I Shall whyllw I ntencwallye praye For the long . . .
.... pcrytye & welthe of yowr highnes to es and to
sende yowr maiestye y ffort In this and all other
maty prynce yowr Son Felycyouslye to s
vppon my knees prostrate kyng pardon m^rcye
and Crist .
1540] THOMAS CROMWELL 277
351. CROMWELL TO THE (LORDS OF THE COUNCIL).
R. O. Cal. xv. 910. July 24(1540).
An account of the proceedings in the affair of M. de Rochepot Cromwell
denies that he took, or was promised, any part of the prize. Cf.
Letters, 316, 317, 328.
Pleasythit your good lordshippis to vnderstande that
I haue Redde the k//rre Sent to the kingcs magestye Sent
from the frenche kyng touching monsieur de rochepote in
which it appereth that (the) Frenche (king) Supposyth that
by my meanys the sayd matyer hathe not ben Justlye or-
deryd and that I sholde haue A gret parte of that pryce . my
\ordes Fyrst as I Shall answer to god I neu^r barre Fauour in
the matyer otherwise thenne to Justyce appartaynyth which was
that esterlingrj whiche sayd thay wer being in leage wzt/j the
Frenche kyng Robbed by his Subiectes, desyring that Foras-
moche as ther goodes wer save wzt/rin the kyng^j portrj that
they myght haue Justyce here, wheruppon the matyer was
cowmyttyd to the heryng of the Jugdge of the Amyralte
and ther the proctow of Monsieur de Roche(pot) agreed And
consentyd to the Jurysdycobn of the Courte, and so the
Frenche partye aswell as the esterling^ contendyd vppon
the Matyer whether it Sholde be tryed in Fraunce or Englande,
and theruppon as I Remembr A centens was gouyn that the
Matyer sholde be tryed in England wheruppon the Frenche
ptfrtye dep^rtyd and after sent hether an aduocatte of Frawnce
who toke hymself to be Satysfyed with the order takyn, and
also depertyd, and after the ambassador now present here
made Sute to the king For to haue the Matyer Remyttyd to
be determynyd in France at whiche tyme A Consultacyon
of lernyd men beffor the kynges honorable consayle was hadde
at Gylfforde, and thayr it was thought that the kynges
magestye myght w/'t// his hono//r Remytt the matyer into
Fra/mce but it was agreed on the kyngcs partye that yflf the
Frenche Kyng woold Send his Comyssarye tyll a place In-
dyfferent that then his magestye woolde the lyke and what-
soeurr sholde be determynyd ther sholde be prrfformyd,
my lord of Norffolke my lorde preuy scale, my lorde of
Durham & my lorde of Wynchester wer at that Counsayle,
and my lorde of London was at that tyme being the kynges
ambassadowr Fullye Instructyd of the hole matyer, but that
cucr I hade any partte of that pryse or that I wer promyssyd
Any part theroff my lordtr assure yowrselffes I was not as
god shall and may helpe me and this my good lordcs I pray
278 LETTERS OF THOMAS CROMWELL
the etcrnall Rcdemer to prcscrue you all in long lyffc good
helthc \v;t/r long prr/spcryte at the Towre the xxiiiiu daye of
July wit// the trymblyng hande of yo//r Redman
THOMAS CRUMWELL.
Endd. The frewch kingry Lr//<*rc touching MonsiV//r de La
Rochepot, with Therle of Essex answere.
AN ITINERARY OF THOMAS CROMWELL
1523-1540
COMPILED FROM EVIDENCE CONTAINED IN HIS
CORRESPONDENCE
17 Aug. (i523) London.
29 Nov. (1525) Begham, Ayles-
ford Lathe, Kent.
2 April (1528) Oxford.
30 June (1528) London.
18 Jan. (1529) Tendon.
July (1529) London.
19 Dec. {1529) London.
5 May (1530) ' St. James be-
side Westminster.'
3 June (1530) London.
30 June (1530) London.
24 July (1530) London.
1 8 Aug. (1530) London.
Dec. (1530) London.
1 8 June (1531) London,
i Oct. (1531) London.
3 Oct. (1531) London.
13 June (1532) London.
19 June 11532) London.
19 July (1532) London.
20 July ( 1532) London.
23 Sept. (1532) London.
24 Nov. (1532) Eltham, Sutton
Lathe, Kent.
Dec. (1532) London.
6 April (1532) London.
25 April (1533) London.
14 June (1533) London.
26 June (1533) London.
9 Jul7 <*533> London.
1 8 July 1533 London.
19 July (1533) London, v
20 July (1533) London.
23 July <i533> London.
25 July (1533) London.
26 July <i533> London,
i Sept. (1533) London.
15 Sept. < 1 53 3) Stepney.
21 Sept. < 1 533) Stepney.
24 Oct. (1533) London.
8 Nov. (1533) London.
ii Nov. {1533} London.
6 Dec. (1533) London.
5 Jan. <i534> London.
28 Mar. <i534} London.
i May (1534) Stepney.
4 May (i534) London.
13 May (1534) Stepney.
24 May 1534 Richmond.
4 June (1534) 'My house at
Canbery,' Finsbury, Middle-
sex.
14 July (1534) Chelsea.
20 July (1534) 'My house in
London.'
30 July <I534> Stepney.
4 Sept. O534) London.
6 Sept (1534) ' Canbery.'
21 Sept. (1534) 'Canbery.'
17 Oct. (1534) The Rolls.
28 Oct. O534) London.
ii Nov. (1534) The Rolls.
17 Nov. (1534) ' The Nete '
(near Westminster).
20 Nov. (1534) London.
8 Feb. <i535> The Rolls.
10 Feb. (1535) The Rolls.
15 Feb. <i535> The Rolls.
19 Feb. (1535) London.
280 AN ITINERARY OF THOMAS CROMWI ! I.
20 Feb. <i;,35> The Rolls.
21 Mar. (1535) The Rolls.
10 April 1535 London.
20 April Oo35) London.
21 May (1535) London.
1 8 June <i535> The Rolls.
14 July <i535> London.
«5 July <'535> London.
1 8 July <i535> London.
20 July (1535) London.
23 July <i535> Winchcomb,
Kistgate, Gloucestershire.
29 July (1535) The Monastery
of Tewkesbury, Gloucester-
shire.
9 Aug. (1535) 'At Barklay
hoornes,' Berkeley, Glou-
cestershire.
23 Aug. (1535) ' Thornebury,'
Thornbury, Gloucestershire,
i Sept. (1535) Bromham, Swan-
born, Wiltshire.
4 Sept. (1535) 'Whofall,' Kin-
warston, Wiltshire.1
5 Sept. < 1 535) 'Wolfall.'
10 Sept. (1535) 'Ex aula regia
apud Wolfal.' [King's manor,
Alderbury, Wiltshire ?]
29 Sept. (1535) Winchester.
30 Sept. (1535) Winchester.
15 Oct. <i535> Stepney.
19 Nov. (1535) The Rolls.
7 Dec. (1535) Richmond.
1 5 Dec. <i535> Stepney.
24 Dec. (1535) The Rolls.
30 Dec. (1535) The Rolls.
3 Jan. 0536) Eltham.
8 Jan. <i536> The Rolls.
4 Feb. (1536) The Rolls.
21 Feb. (153*)) London.
25 Feb. (1536) The Rolls.
3 Mar. (1536) London.
3 April (1536) London.
3 April < 1 536) The Rolls.
11 April (1536) The Rolls.
24 April (1536) The Rolls.
1 'Whofall,' 'Wolfall' or 'Wolf
Hall* was the seat of Sir John
30 April (1536) Stepney.
17 May (1536) The Rolk
1 8 May (1536) The Rolls.
8 June (1536) The Rolls.
12 June (1536) The Rolls.
5 July (1536) The Rolls.
8 July <i->36> The Rolls.
10 July (1536) The Rolls.
23 July O536> The Rolls,
i Aug. (1536) Otford, Sutton
Lathe, Kent.
i5Aug.<i536> 'Oking' (Wok-
ing), Surrey.
7 Sept. (1536) Grafton, Clely,
Northamptonshire.
12 Sept. (1536) Grafton.
23 Sept. (1536) London.
8 Oct. (1536) Windsor.
9 Oct. 0536) Windsor.
26 Oct. (1536) Windsor.
30 Oct. (1536) Windsor.
4 Nov. (1536) Windsor.
10 Nov. (1536) Westminster.
17 Nov. <i536) The Rolls.
28 Nov. (1536) London.
6 Dec. £1536) The Rolls.
1 6 Dec. (1536) Stepney.
24 Dec. 0536) The Rolls.
22 Jan. <i537> The Rolls.
11 Mar. < 1537) The Rolls.
24 Mar. <i537> 'The kinges
palace at Westminster.'
10 April (153 7) London.
14 May 1537 Westminster.
15 May (1537) The Rolls,
1 8 May 1537 Hampton Court.
6 June 1537 The Rolls.
4 July <i537> The Rolls.
6 July <i537> Stepney.
8 July 1537 Stepney.
»7 July <i537> Sutton, Woking,
Surrey.
24 July (i537) East Hampstead,
Riplemcre, Berkshire.
31 July (1537) Sonninghill,
Cookham, Berkshire.
Seymour, the father of Henry's
third wife.
AN ITINERARY OF THOMAS CROMWELL 281
1 Aug. (1537) Sonninghill.
6 Aug. 1537 Windsor.
7 Aug. (1537) Windsor.
8 Aug. (1537) Dunstable.Mans-
head, Bedfordshire.
9 Aug. (1537) Ampthill, Red-
bornstoke, Bedfordshire.
11 Aug. <i537> Ampthill.
17 Aug. (1537) Grafton.
25 Aug. 1537 Windsor.
28 Aug. < 1537) Windsor.
7 Sept. (1537) Mortlake.Surrey.
23 Sept. (153 7) Stepney.
23 Sept. (1537) Mortlake.
24 Sept. < 1537) Stepney.
28 Sept. (1537) Stepney.
30 Sept. (153 7) Mortlake.
4 Oct. (1537) Mortlake.
6 Oct. (1537) Mortlake.
10 Oct. (1537) Mortlake.
12 Oct. 1537 St. James beside
Westminster.
20 Oct. <i537) St. James beside
Westminster.
27 Oct. (1537) 'The Neate be-
side Westminster.'
2 Nov. 1537 Westminster.
12 Nov. (1537) London.
29 Nov. (1537) The Nete.
30 Nov. (1537) The Nete.
4 Dec. 1537 The Nete.
5 Dec. 1537 The Nete.
10 Dec. 1537 ' The Kinges
manour of Otlande,' Emley,
Surrey.
13 Dec. (1537) 'Otelands.'
26 Dec. (1537) London.
7 Jan. <i538> The Ro11*-
19 Jan. 1538 London.
19 Jan. (1538) The Rolls.
11 Feb. (1538) 'The Court be-
ing at Westminster.'
15 Feb. (1538) St. James beside
Westminster.
22 Feb. (1538) St. James beside
Westminster,
i Mar. (1538) Hampton Court.
20 Mar. (1538) ' At the Court.'
26 Mar. 1538 St. James.
4 April (1538) SL James.
5 April (1538) St. James.
7 April (1538) St. James.
8 April 1 1 538) St. James.
20 April(i538) London.
24 April (1538) Stepney.
4 May (1538) St. James beside
Westminster.
5 May (1538) St. James.
6 May (1538) St. James.
10 May (1538) Westminster.
12 May <i538) St. James beside
Westminster.
23 May (1538) St. James.
8 June 1538 Chelsea.
13 July (1538) Chelsea.
16 July (1538) Chelsea.
17 July (1538) Chelsea.
i Aug. 1538 Petworth, Arun-
del Rape, Sussex.
9 Aug. ^1538) London.
30 Aug. (1538) Bedgebury,
Scray Lathe, Kent.
21 Sept. (1538) Penshurst, Sut-
ton Lathe, Kent.
30 Sept. (1538) London.
1 6 Oct. 1538 London.
19 Oct. (1538) London.
6 Nov. 1538 London.
11 Nov. (1538) London.
24 Nov. 1538 London.
28 Nov. 1538 London.
7 Dec. 1538 London.
5 Feb. (1539) London.
13 Feb. (1539) London.
1 8 Feb. (1539) London.
25 Feb. (1539) London.
i Mar. (1539) London.
10 Mar. (1539) London.
12 Mar. (1539) London.
14 Mar. (1539) London.
17 Mar. (1539) London.
1 8 Mar. (1539) London.
22 Mar. O539) London.
3 AprilO539) ' At my house in
London.'
6 April (153 9) London.
12 April (1539) London.
1 6 April (1539) London.
282 AN ITINERARY OF THOMAS CROMWELL
19 April (1539) London.
(22 April 1539) London.
23 April (1539) London.
24 April (1539) London.
25 Apri)(i539) 'From my house
in London.'
27 May (1539) St. James.
1 June (1539) St. James.
8 ] une (1539) St. James.
23 July 1539 Guildford, Surrey.
24 uly 1539 Farnham, Surrey.
uty (1539) ' OtelandV
19 Sept. (1539) London.
5 Oct. 1539 London.
13 Oct. <i539) London.
1 8 Oct. (1539) London.
26 Oct. (1539) London.
8 Nov. (1539) London.
22 Nov. (1539) London.
2 Dec. (1539) London.
9 Dec. 1539 London.
(3 Jan. 1540 Greenwich.)
7 Jan. (1540) Greemvich.
21 Jan. <i-,40>
26 Jan. (1540)
9 Feb. (1540)
23 Feb. <i540>
2 Mar. (1540)
7 Mar. (1540)
12 Mar. (1540)
12 Mar. (1540)
in London.'
22 Mar. (17,40)
<7 April 1540)
1 6 April (1540)
in London.'
IT May (1540)
31 May <I540>
4 June 1540
<i2 June 1540)
London.
30 June (1540)
London.
24 July <i54°>
London.
London.
London.
London.
Westminster.
Ixmdon.
'From the Court.'
London.
4 From my house
London.
London.
' From my house
London
London.
London.
The Tower of
The Tower of
The Tower of
A LIST OF THE MINOR PREFERMENTS OF
THOMAS CROMWELL, AND A DESCRIPTION
OF HIS ARMS AND CREST1
1. Recorder of Bristol, Aug. 8, 1533.
2. Joint Constable of Hertford Castle and Hertingfordbury, and
Keeper of the Park, Feb. 27, 1534.
3. Joint Constable of Berkeley Castle, Keeper of Berkeley Park,
Master of the Game, and Keeper of Hynton Wood and Red Wood,
Sept. 1534.
4. Steward of the Manor of the Savoy, and Bailiff of Enfield, May 14,
'535-
5. Steward of the Manors of Edelmeton and Sayes Bery, co.
Middlesex, May 16, 1535.
6. High Steward of the University of Cambridge, 1535.
7. Prebendary of Blewbery, in dioc. Sarum, May n, 1536.
8. Chief Steward of the Manor of Writtle, and Keeper of the Park,
June 9, 1536.
9. Steward of the Honour of Havering-atte-Bower, and Keeper of
the House, Park, and Forest, Dec. 3, 1537.
10. Dean of Wells, 1537.
n. Warden and Chief Justice of the Royal Forests North of Trent,
Dec. 30, 1537.
12. Captain of the Isle of Wight, Nov. 2, 1538.
13. Steward, Surveyor, Receiver, and Bailiff of the Crown Lands
in the Isle of Wight, Nov. 2, 1538.
14. Constable of Carisbroke Castle, Nov. 2, 1538.
15. Master of the Hunt, and Keeper of Carisbroke Park, Nov. 2,
1538.
1 6. Constable of Ledes Castle, Jan. 4, 1539.
1 This list is taken from Doyle's which are not given here, are to be
Official Baronage, vol. i. p. 689. found in the Life, pp. 142-44-
Cromwell's more important titles,
284 MINOR PREFERMENTS, ARMS AND CREST
1 7. Steward of the Honour of Reylegh, and Bailiff of Reylegh and
The Hundred of Rochford, Dec. 20, 1539.
1 8. High Steward of Reading, [1539].
19. Steward of the late Monastery of Furness, [1540].
ARMS.
Azure, on a fess between three lions rampant or, a rose gules,
barbed vert, between two Cornish choughs proper.
(Granted, 1533 : MS. Coll. Arms, 2nd G. 4.)
ARMS— QUARTERLY.
I and IV, as above. II and III, Per fess azure and or, a pale
counter-changed, charged alternately with fleurs de lys of the second,
and pelicans with wings elevated vulning themselves gules.
CREST.
Out of a wreath, a demi-lion, queue fourche'e, holding up a ring, all
or, the stone gules.
NOTES TO LETTERS
[In the following pages the initials D.N.B. refer to the Dictionary of
National Biography, the initials A.D.B. to the Allgemeine Deutsche
Biographic, and the initials B.U. to Michaud's Biographic
Universelle.]
1. Cf. Cal. iii. 2394 and Life, p. 27. John Creke (merchant
tailor, and factor to a London trader named William Munkaster or
Moncaster) became servant to Cranmer in 1533, and was later
advanced to the post of Esquire Bedell in the University of Oxford.
Afterwards he was made Gentleman Usher to the Queen ; cf. Cal.
iv. 3086, 5126; vi. 758, 770, 868, 885, 1378, 1641-2. Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, crossed to France, August 24, 1523, at
the head of an army of more than 13,000 men; cf. Cal. iii. 3288;
D.N.B. vi. 218. 'Maister Vawhan,' Stephen Vaughan ; D.N.B.
Iviii. 179, and Life, p. 52. 'Maister Woodall,' a merchant friend
of Cromwell's; cf. Cal. iii. 2624.
2. ' Mastres Smyth,' possibly a connexion of Cromwell's. Richard
Swift served with William Brabazon under Cromwell ; cf. Cal. iv.
6217, 6221.
3. Robert Bolt and William Butrye or Botery, mercers of London.
The latter was a rich and well-known citizen. In August, 1514, he
engaged, with two others, to pay ^2,000 for Wolsey's pallium and
the expenses of his promotion in the Court of Rome ; cf. Cal. i.
5334 > iv. 2065 (28). On the manor of Kexby cf. Cal. iv. 294, 388,
2193. 3536 (3)-
4. Cf. Life, p. 15, and D.N.B. xxiii. 201, 202-4.
5. Viscount Rochford, George Boleyn, brother of Henry's second
wife; D.N.B. v. 319. Sir John Feneux or Fyneux, Chief Justice
of the King's Bench (1495-1527) ; D.N.B. xx. 342.
6. Cf. Life, pp. 49-51- 'Yo//r Dean there,' John Higdon ; cf.
Cal. iv. 4074. ' Mr. Croke,' John Croke, one of the six clerks of
Chancery ; cf. Cal. iv. 3369. ' Mr. Byrton,' in Wolsey's service,
probably a relation of Dr. John Byrton or Burton, Prior of St. Frides-
wide's, Oxford, afterwards Abbot of Osney ; cf. Cal. iv. 4074.
7. Thomas Arondell, one of the gentlemen of Wolsey's privy
chamber. ' The person that shalbe Dean of his saide Colledge,'
William Capon ; cf. Cal. iv. 47.78. The 'other londw ... his grace
hathe purchased of s/> Antonye and s/> Roberte Ughtred ' were
probably Kexby and Catton in Yorkshire ; cf. Letter 3 and Cal. iv.
NOTES TO LETTERS
388, 2193. Sir Anthony Ughtred was Captain of Berwick. 'The
parsonage of Rudbye,' in Yorkshire, N. R ; cf. Letter 8. ' Snape,'
Benedictine Priory in Suffolk ; cf. Tanner, Suff., xxxix. ' Dodneshe '
or Dodnash, Prior)' of Austin Canons in Suffolk ; cf. Tanner, Suff.,
xvii. ' Wykr ' or Wikes, Benedictine nunnery in Essex ; cf. Tanner,
Essex, xlvii. ' Horkisley,' Cluniac Priory in Essex ; cf. Tanner,
Essex, xx. 'The late Mon<M/0ri of Saynct Peter suppressed' is
probably Horkisley.
8. ' Fynours ' or refiners of Durham. ' Maister Babington,' Sir
John Babington, Knight of Rhodes, but probably not ' lorde of Kyl-
mayne'; cf. Cal. iv. Part iii, p. 3210. ' Saundforde,' near Oxford.
'Willyam Holgill,' Master of the Savoy, and 'my lorde Conyers'
(Christopher, Lord Conyers), were Commissioners of the Peace in
the North and West Ridings ; cf. Cal. iv. 5083 (10, 1 1).
9. Stephen Gardiner, afterwards Bishop of Winchester ; cf. Life,
pp. 83-84, and D.N.B. xx. 419. ' Felixstowe,' or Walton St. Felix,
Benedictine cell in Suffolk ; cf. Tanner, Suff., xlv. ' Rumburgh ' or
Romburc, Benedictine cell in Suffolk ; cf. Tanner, Suff., xxxvii.
' Bromehill,' Priory of Austin Canons in Norfolk ; cf. Tanner, Norf.,
ix. ' The prior and conuent of Rochester,' Benedictine Priory
Tanner, Kent, xlix. ' The abbot and conuent of Saynct Maryes in
Yorke,' Benedictine Abbey; cf. Tanner, Yorks., cxxix. 2. 'My
lorde of Oxforde,' John de Vere, fifteenth Earl of Oxford; D.N.B.
Iviii. 242. ' The Frenssh quene,' Mary Tudor, widow of Louis XII of
France, wife of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk ; D.N.B. xxxvi.
397. 'Sayes courte' in Deptford, Kent. 'Byckeling' may be
Bickley in Kent, near Sevenoaks, or Blickling in Norfolk. It is
possible that the first letter is R, not B (Cal. has B), which would
make it Ryckeling or Rickling in Essex. ' Lyesnes ' or Lesnes in
Kent, near Dartford.
10. ' Mr. Chaunceler of Wynchester,' possibly Stephen Gardiner,
who was made bishop there in November, 1531. Bishop Foxe, who
died in Oct. 1528, refers to 'his Chancellor' in Cal. iv. 3815, but
does not mention the man's name. Le Neve gives no list of the
Chancellors of Winchester. ' My systers daughter,' probably Alice,
sister of Christopher Wellyfed.
11. Cf. Cal. iv. 5810. 'Maister Cleybroke,' William Claybrook
or Clayborough, LL.D., Canon of York, Prothonotary, one of the
counsel for the King in the trial of the Divorce at Dunstable, in
May, 1533. ' Maister Tonneys,' Robert Tonneys, of Wolsey's
council.
12. 'Willyam Brabazon,' Cromwell's servant; cf. Life, p. 52, and
D.N.B. vi. 138.
13. Cf. Life, pp. 70-76. 'Mr. Page,' Richard Page, sen-ant and
agent of Wolsey's. This false rumour of Luther's death does not
seem to have been general in England. I find no other mention of
it in the Calendar.
NOTES TO LETTERS 287
14. 'Doctowr Leighton,' Richard Layton, afterwards Cromwell's
agent in suppressing the monasteries ; D.N.B. xxxii. 307.
15. Cf. Cal. iv. 6226, 6249, 6262, 6263. 'Rafe Sadleyr' or
Sadler; D.N.B. 1. 109. 'Thomas Rawlyns,' Canon of Norwich
and servant of Wolsey.
16. ' Maister Stubbis,' Lawrence Stubbs, servant of Wolsey; cf.
Cal. iv. 6390, 6495. 'Baudekyn,' a rich embroidered stuff, made
with warp of gold thread and woof of silk. ' Masteres lacye ' had
been robbed by her servant John Lawrence, and Robert Turner ;
cf. Cal. iv. 6473.
17. ' Mr. doctour Carbot,' Henry Carbot ; cf. Cal. iv. 6558. How
he was related to Cromwell I have been unable to discover.
18. Cf. Cal. iv. 6554. 'Office' or inquisitions. Wolsey had a
palace at ' Batyrsey ' (Battersea). ' Scrowes ' or scrolls (Halliwell).
'Busshop Bothe,' Lawrence Bothe, Archbishop of York; D.N.B. v.
387. ' Strangwissh ' or Strangways, apparently a former agent of
Wolsey's; cf. Cal. iv. 4481. The prebend of Witwang or Wetwang,
in Yorkshire, E.R. The ' Busshop of Bayon«£,' John du Bellay,
afterwards Bishop of Paris and Cardinal, ambassador to England in
1527 and 1533; B.U. iii. 552. 'My lord of Wyltshyre,' Thomas,
father of Anne Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire, returned from his embassy
to Bologna in August, 1530 ; D.N.B. v. 321. 'The seconde Son of
the emperour ys departyd this present lyffe ' ; cf. Kervyn de Letten-
hove, p. 26. ' Dans le m^me lieu (Bologna), 1'empereur apprit que
l'impe*ratrice avail mis au jour son deuxieme fils, Ferdinand, dont la
mort lui fut annoncee 1'annee suivante (1530) a Augsbourg.' ' Cary-
stye,' scarcity (Halliwell) ; an Italianism.
19. 'Nych01as Gyfforde,' an agent of Wolsey's in suppressing the
monasteries. ' The prynces of [Almayne] Can ne wyllnot Agree to
emperowr ' ; doubtless referring to the disputes at the Diet of
Augsburg.
20. Cf. Cal. iv. 6800 (ii). ' Mr. Borough ' or Burgh, marshal of
Wolsey's household ; cf. Cal. iv, p. 3048.
21. Cf. Life, pp. 99-102, and Cal. v. 65, 153, 201. John Frith,
burnt at Smithfield, July 4, 1533; D.N.B. xx. 278.
22. ' Mr. Strete,' Richard Strete, Archdeacon of Salop, agent of
Cromwell's in the West of England ; cf. Cal. v. 13, 332. 'Cawke,'
a breeding-place for young hawks ; cf. the verb ' to cawken ' in Piers
Ploughman, pp. 223, 241. 'Calliche' or Calwich, in Staffordshire.
23. Cf. Cal. v. 302 (ii).
24. ' The gret maister,' Anne de Montmorency, Count Beaumont,
Grand Master of France; B.U.* xxix. 172; also life by F. Decrue
(Paris, 1885-89).
25. ' Maister Heron,' Giles Heron of Shacklewell, Middlesex,
Esquire of the Royal Body, and son-in-law of Sir Thomas More;
288 NOTES TO LETTERS
cf. Cal. v. 620, 658, 814, 1285 (vii), (ix\ 978 (17), 1139 (
1 Rychard Johnson' of Northampton; cf. Cal. v. 1009. 'The
mannowr of High Hall' I have been unable to identify.
26. 'Coursers' or 'courser men,' grooms (Halliwell).
27. Cf. Cal. v. 670. Sir Ralph Ellercar of Yorkshire ; D.N.B.
xvii. 243.
28. ' Mr. Wrythesley,' Thomas Wryothesley, afterwards Sir Thomas
Wriothesley, first Baron of Titchfield and Earl of Southampton ;
D.N.B. Ixiii. 148. Gardiner was absent as ambassador to France,
Dec. 29, 1531— Mar. 7, 1532; cf. D.N.B. xx. 420.
29. ' Such news as hathe Cum from Ratyspone,' doubtless a report
of the negotiations between the Emperor and the German Protes-
tants. The Diet of Ratisbon was summoned to meet Jan. 6, 1532,
but did not actually open till April 17. Charles came to Ratisbon
Feb. 28. Cf. Baumgarten, iii. 100.
30. ' The Freer carmelyte,' probably a spy of Cromwell's. ' Jamys
Gryffyth ap Howell ' (son of Sir Rice ap Thomas), prisoner in the
Tower, later escaped to Scotland ; cf. Cal. v. 657, 724(9), 1285 (iii);
vi. 876, 892, 1591.
31. 'Rice app Griff. Esquier,' brother-in-law to the Duke of Nor-
folk, beheaded Dec. 4, 1531 ; cf. Cal. v. 432, 563.
32. 'Maister Rowland' I have been unable to identify. The
name may possibly refer to Dr. Rowland Lee, Cromwell's friend,
who was at that time King's Chaplain and Master in Chancery, and
later became Bishop of Coventry and Lichficld ; D.N.B. xxxii. 373.
4 Kerry Williams,' Canon of King Henry VIII's College at Oxford.
Garsington, near Oxford. The Benedictine Priory in Wallingford
was dissolved by Wolsey to the use of his college in 1528; cf.
Tanner, Berks., xxiii.
33. Robert Hogan, besides being the King's ' Maister Coke,' was
one of the walking foresters of Galtresse Forest, and one of the riding
foresters in the same; also keeper of the King's orchard in the
lordship of Sherefhoton, Yorkshire; cf. Cal. v. 318 (29), 457 (3).
34. Cf. Cal. v. 1561.
35. Cf. Cal. v. 961, 1304. Sir John Fiujames, Chief Justice of
the King's Bench; D.N.B. xix. 179, and Foss, i. 160-169. Jonn
Elya received the temporalties of Bruton as abbot,- 14 July, 25
Hen. VIII ; cf. Dugdale, vi. 335, and Tanner, Somerset, ix. ' Lorde
Lisle,' Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle; cf. Life, pp. i6off., and
D.N.B. xlv. 399.
36. SirWilliam Spencer, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, died June 20,
1532 ; cf. Cal. v. 1051, and note 2 to page 477. Sir William Paulet
or Poulet, Master of the Wards, Surveyor-General, Controller of the
Household, and ' Surveyor of the King's widows and Governor of
all idiots and naturals in the King's hands ' ; afterwards Marquis
of Winchester; D.N.B. xliv. 92. Edmund Knightley, Serjeant-at-
NOTES TO LETTERS 289
law; cf. Cal. v. 1336, 1368, 1455, 1518. Thomas Alvard, Master
of Works; cf. Cal. v. 953. 'Cornelys,' Cornelius Hayes, goldsmith;
cf. Cal. v. 1237, 1299, 1376. A few weeks after writing this letter
Cromwell accompanied the King to Calais ; cf. Cal. v. App. 33.
37. The Abbot of Bury was John Melford, alias Reeve, S.T.B.,
who received the temporalties of the monastery April 24, 1514; cf.
Dugdale, iii. 115, and Tanner, Suffolk, x. i. Richard Malery, mercer,
of London; cf. Cal. v. 166 (54).
38. Cf. Cal. v. 1286-7, J46°, *559> l635- Tne Earl of Northum-
berland, Henry Percy, Warden of the East and Middle Marches,
Sheriff of Northumberland for life ; D.N.B. xliv. 416.
39. ' The Kynges Buildings ' were three hew houses adjoining
the royal lodgings in the Tower; cf. Cal. v. 1781. On the Abbot of
Bury, cf. notes to Letter 37.
40. Cf. Cal. vi. 167, 218. The Bishop of Ely, Nicholas West,
diplomatist and chaplain to the Queen ; D.N.B. Ix. 335.
41. Cf. Cal. vi. 348. Lord Scrope, Henry, Lord Scrope of Bolton,
died Oct. 1533; cf. Cal. vi. 1382.
42. Cf. Cal. vi. 578 (50). The Duke of Suffolk, Charles Brandon,
brother-in-law of the King, Earl Marshal 1523-33; D.N.B. vi. 218.
Norfolk's 'gret Jorney in Ambassade,' referring to the Duke's mission
to the Court of France in May, 1533, to urge the French King to
support Henry against the Pope ; D.N.B. xxviii. 66.
43. Cf. Cal. vi. 389. ' The Chanon of Colwyche,' Dr. David Pole
or Powle.
44. Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, Vice-Admiral of England,
Deputy of Calais (March, 1533); cf. notes to Letter 35.
45. Cf. Cal. vi. 855, 859, 903. 'Mr. doctowr Hawkyns,' Nic.
Hawkins, nephew and godson of Bishop West of Ely, Arch-
deacon of Ely, ambassador with the Emperor; D.N.R xxv. 222.
For the ' packet of \etterzs and instructions,' cf. Cal. vi. 775.
46. Nicholas Glossop, nephew of Cromwell's mother; cf. Life,
pp. 4, 5, and Cal. vi. 696, 697. 'My late lorde of Caunterbury,'
Archbishop William Warham, died Aug. 22, 1532 ; D.N.B. lix. 378.
47. Cf. Cal. vi. 841 (ii). ' Tharchebisshop of Duntlyn ' (Dublin),
John Alen, Cromwell's companion in Wolsey's service; cf. Life,
p. 50, and D.N.B. i. 305. Rayleigh, in Essex.
48. Audeley, Sir Thomas, Keeper of the Great Seal (1532), Lord
Chancellor (Jan. 26, 1533); D.N.B. ii. 254, and Campbell, i. 599-
639. William Gonson, employed irv rigging and repairing the King's
ships; cf. Cal. vi. 992, 1367, 1381.
49. Walter Luke, Serjeant-at-arms, Justice of the King's Bench ;
cf. Cal. vi. 1371. On 'Anthony Stydolffe,' cf. Cal. vi. 841 (ii).
52. ' The lorde Dacre,' William, Lord Dacre of Gillesland, Warden
of the West Marches. For his letters, cf. Cal. vi. 750, 876. For the
MERRIMAN II U
290 NOTES TO LETTERS
' \ftffrcs . . . from my Lorde Deputie of Calays,' cf. Cal. vi. 839. On
' the Freres obseruantw,' Payne and Cornelius, cf. Froude, i. 169, 170.
Ware, in Hertfordshire. * The warden of the grey Freres of Grene-
wich,' Thomas Sydynham ; cf. Cal. vi. 705. ' The Ipocryte Nunne/
Elizabeth Barton, cf. Life, pp. 118-9, and D.N.B. iii. 343. For the
payments by the Staple, cf. Cal. vi. 1319.
54. Wobum, Cistercian Abbey in Bedfordshire ; cf. Tanner, Bedf.,
xxi ; Abbot, Robert Hobbes ; cf. Cal. vi. 779. Vawdy or Vallis Dei,
Cistercian Abbey in Lincolnshire, cf. Tanner, Line., Ixxxiii ; Abbot,
Henry — : the name is not given in Dugdale; cf. Cal. v. 1477.
55. Cf. Cal. vi. 1024-7. Sir Richard Whethel, Mayor of Calais;
cf. Cal. vi. 947.
56. The French ambassador, John de Dinteville, Sieur de Polizi,
Bailly of Troyes, Maitre d'hotel of Francis I.
57. Robert Baynam, alderman of Calais ; cf. Cal. vi. 539.
58. ' My lord Chaunceler,' Thomas Audley. D.N.B. ii. 254, and
Campbell, i. 599-639.
59. Cf. Cal. vi. 913, 1513. Byland, Cistercian Abbey in York-
shire ; Abbot, John Ledes ; cf. Dugdale, v. 345, and Tanner, York-
shire, xxi. Fountains, Benedictine Abbey in Yorkshire ; Abbot,
William Thirske ; cf. Dugdale, v. 289, and Tanner, Yorkshire, xlii.
Kievaulx, Cistercian Abbey in Yorkshire. The old Abbot was
William Helmesley, the new one Richard Ely ton ; cf. Dugdale, v.
277, and Tanner, Yorkshire, ci.
60. Cf. CaL vi. 1328.
61. Cf. Cal. vi. 578(8). Netley, Lettely (Laetus Locus), or Ed-
wardstow ; or de loco s. Edwardi juxta Southampton ; Cistercian
Abbey in Hampshire ; Abbot, Thomas Stevens ; cf. Tanner, Hants,
xxii, and Dugdale, v. 695.
03. ' My lorde of london,' Bishop John Stokesley ; D.N.B. liv. 403.
*S/> Will/am Cowplaunde,' possibly the man mentioned in letter
12, q.v.
64. Christopher Mont or Mount, sent to Germany in 1533 and
1534 ; cf. Life, p. 219 ; D.N.B. xxxviii. 204 ; and Cal. vi. 1039, 1115,
1 2 1 2. ' The Dukes of Bauarie,' Louis, Count Palatine, and Frederic
his brother, of the Palatinate branch of the Wittelsbach family;
cf. A.D.B. xix. 575 ; vii. 603. ' Mr. Hubertus Thomas,' Hubertus
Thomas I^eodius, Secretary to Frederic, Count Palatine, and his-
torian of the Peasants' War.
65. ' Freer Lawraunce ' ; cf. Cal. vi. 309. The two ' strange
Freers of the order of obsmiantto ' were probably Hugh Payne and
Cornelius; cf. Letter 52. 'Freer Petow,' William Peto, Provincial
of the Grey Friars, afterwards Cardinal ; cf. Life, p. 98, and D.N.B.
xlv. 88. Robert Fowter, Vice-Treasurer of Calais ; cf. Cal. vi. 947.
On the Emperor's debt to England, cf. Baumgarten, ii. 25, 88, 126,
*94, 436» 639-
NOTES TO LETTERS 291
66. Cf. Life, p. 219, and Cal. vii. 21, 48. Cranmer was raised to
the See of Canterbury, Mar. 30, 1533; cf. D.N.B. xiii. 20. 'Mr.
hethe,' Nicholas Heath, afterwards Archbishop of York and Lord
Chancellor; D.N.B. xxv. 345, and Campbell, ii. 72, 86.
67. ' Sir Rychard Weston ' ; D.N.B. Ix. 363. The « byll ' was the
c Acte concernyng Fermes & Shepe,' 25 Hen. VIII. c. 13. ( Brewtyse,'
Brutus.
68. Cf. Cal. vii. 116, 136, 239, 240; D.N.B. xix. 58; and Life,
pp. 119, 122. Fisher's letter of Feb. 18 is apparently not extant.
For the 'saing of the prophete Amos,' cf. Amos iii. 7. On 'the
Israelite spoyling the egiptians,' cf. Exodus xi ; on ' Jacob to haue
iiij wifes,' cf. Genesis xxix-xxx. 'Master Pacy,' Richard Pace,
ambassador, and Dean of St. Paul's; cf. Cal. vii. 1559, and D.N.B.
xliii. 22.
69. The Sheriff of Yorkshire, John Constable of Holderness,
knight. On Sir John Dunham, cf. Cal. viii. 802 (4).
70. ' [Shire]borne ' or Sherborne, near Basingstoke.
71. Cf. Life, pp. 120, 121, and Cal. vii. 499.
72. Wenlock, Cluniac Priory in Shropshire; Prior, John Bayly;
cf. Tanner, Salop, xxviii. 2, and Dugdale, v. 73. 'Mr. Norreys,'
Henry Norris, Esquire of the Body, Chief of the Privy Chamber,
Chamberlain of North Wales and Constable of Beaumaris Castle ;
D.N.B. xli. 121.
73. Dr. Sampson, Richard Sampson, LL.D., Archdeacon of
Suffolk, Dean of the Chapel Royal, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield ;
D.N.B. 1. 230. ' My lorde of Chester,' Dr. Rowland Lee, Cromwell's
friend; D.N.B. xxxii. 373.
74. ' Harmywe,' Armuyden, in Zeeland.
76. The Earl of Shrewsbury, George, Lord Talbot and Furnival,
Earl of Waterford and Lord High Steward ; D.N.B. Iv. 313. I have
l>een unable to identify ' th' Ermyte.'
78. Cf. Cal. vi. 937; vii. 923 (xxi). This letter has been acci-
dentally misplaced; it belongs to the year 1533. Cf. Cal. vii, Notes
and Errata, p. 776. St. Austin's, or St. Augustine's, Benedictine
Abbey in Canterbury ; Abbot, John Sturvey, alias Essex ; cf. Tanner,
Kent, xii. 2, and Dugdale, i. 123. On George Goldwyne, cf. Cal. vii,
923 (xxi).
79. George Brooke, Lord Cobham, Subsidy Commissioner in
Kent ; cf. Cal. viii. 386. ' The ferme of the parsonage,' in the lord-
ship of Hailing or Hawling in Kent, belonged to the Bishop of
Rochester; cf. Cal. vii. 557 (ii); App. 21, 27.
80. Whelpeley and his company were apparently little better than
pirates; cf. Cal. vii. 1278.
82. Lord Edmund Howard, Controller of Calais, a younger
brother of the Duke of Norfolk.
U a
NOTES TO LETTERS
83. ' My lord of York,' Dr. Edward Lee, Archbishop ; D.N.B.
xxxii. 347.
84. Sir Robert Wingfield, diplomatist, Deputy of Calais (1526-
1531), Mayor of Calais (1534); D.N.B. Ixii. 193. For the 'anoy-
saunces,' cf. Cal. vii. 1076, 1335, 1502, 1525.
85. Thomas Bartlett, Berthelet or Berthollet, the King's printer.
' The proclamac/on,' probably an edict concerning the purchase and
sale of wheat and rye ; cf. Cal. vii. 1684.
86. ' The Surveyowr,' William Lelegrave or Lilgrave.
87. Lady Lisle, Honor Grenville, widow of Sir John Basset, mar-
ried to Lord Lisle in 1528; cf. D.N.B. xlv. 400.
88. 'Mr. Sowthwell,' a rich broker in London : cf. Cal. vii. 512.
89. ' Mr. Alen,' probably Mr. Thomas Allen, of Rayleigh in Essex,
brother of the Archbishop of Dublin ; cf. Letter 47*
90. Thomas Miller, probably the bailiff of Subberton in Hamp-
shire ; cf. Cal. vii. 1666.
92. Cf. Cal. vii. 617, 619, 903. The Chancellor of the Univer-
sity, John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln; D.N.B. xxxiv. 120. The
Commissary, Dr. William Tresham.
94. Dudley, Cluniac Priory, then in Staffordshire, now in Worces-
tershire ; Prior, John Webley ; cf. Tanner, Staffs, x, and Dugdale,
v. 82.
95. The Mayor of London, Sir John Champneys; D.N.B. x. 36.
96. Henry Burton ; cf. Cal. v. 766 (40), and Letter 6. ' Ladye
Carewe,' probably the wife of Sir Nicholas Carew, Master of the
King's Horse; D.N.B. ix. 56.
97. Cf. Cal. viii. 56, and Letter 76.
98. Cf. Cal. viii. 1 74. Philip Chabot, Sieur de Brion, Admiral of
France; B.U. vii. 381. 'Mr. le Tresorier Palamedes,' Palamedes
Gontier, Treasurer of Brittany; cf. Life, p. 225.
100-1. Cf. Cal. viii. 17, 233, 251. Sir Gregory da Casale,
English agent at Rome.
102. ' Master Riche,' Richard Riche, Solicitor-General, afterwards
knight, Chancellor of the Augmentations, and Lord Chancellor;
D.N.B. xlviii. 123, and Campbell, ii. 9-27.
103. Trewardreth or Tywardreth in Cornwall, alien Priory ; Prior,
Thomas Collyns; cf. Tanner, Corn., xxxiv, and Dugdale, iv. 655.
Fowey, seaport in Cornwall. ' Thomas Treffry ' of Cornwall, sent to
Cromwell by Edward Wigan, vicar of Plymouth; cf. Cal. viii.
»49 (5°). 6?6.
104. Dr. John London, Warden of New College, later employed
by Cromwell in connexion with the suppression of the monasteries
and houses of friars; cf. Life, p. 177, and D.N.B. xxxiv. 97. John
Claymond, President of Corpus Christi College; D.N.B. xi. n.
NOTES TO LETTERS 293
'The Presedent of Mawdelyn College,' Thomas Knolles, S.T.P.,
appointed 1527, resigned 1535, to be succeeded however, not by
Marshall, but by Owen Oglethorpe, afterwards Bishop of Carlisle ;
cf. Life, p. 143, and Wilson's Magdalen, p. 80.
105. The Earl of Cumberland, Henry, fifteenth Lord Clifford,
Warden of the West Marches; D.N.B. xi. 63.
106. Cf. Life, p. 142; Cooper, vol. i. pp. 371 ff. ; and Letters
1 1 6, 124, 129, 1 86, 206. The Mayor of Cambridge, Edward
Thompson. The Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, John
Edmonds. On the order, 'takyn the last yere at Lambeheth,'
cf. Cal. vii. 1003.
107. Cf. Life, pp. 123-5. 'Mr. Attorney,' Christopher Hales;
D.N.B. xxiv. 26. ' My lorde Chauncelor,' Sir Thomas Audeley.
* My lorde cheffe Justyce of the kyngw bench,' Sir John Fitzjames ;
D.N.B. xix. 179, and Foss, i. 160-9. 'The cheffe Justyce of the
Cowmon place,' Sir Robert Norwich; cf. Cal. vol. viii. Index;
D.N.B. xli. 228; iii. 37; and Beatson, pt. iii. p. 73. 'The cheffe
Barren of the Exchequer,' Richard Leicester. ' Mr. Fytzeherberd,'
Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, Justice. 'Mr. Solysytor,' William Whor-
wood succeeded Sir Richard Riche in this office April 13, 1535 ; cf.
Beatson, pt. iii. p. 93. The Statute ' made in the Fyfte yere of Kyng
Rychard the seconde,' 5 Ric. II. Stat. i. c. 2.
108. Sir John Russell the Younger, J.P., not Sir John Russell of
the Privy Chamber, who later became Earl of Bedford. Wynter,
Pakyngton, and Vampage were all prominent men in Worcestershire.
Pakyngton was also Justiciar of North Wales; cf. Cal. viii. 149
(32, 61).
109. John Russell, Esquire, of Worcester, J.P., probably a con-
nexion of Sir John Russell the Younger ; cf. Life, p. 117, and Cal.
i.v 1124.
110. Cf. Cal. viii. uio-i, 1123. 'Mr. Boner,' Edmund Bonner,
LL.D., afterwards Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London ;
D.N.B. v. 356. 'The Duke of Holste,' Christian III, King of Den-
mark ; A.D.B. iv. 184. 'Cauendish,' Richard Cavendish, sent to
Denmark with Bonner. ' Mr. gostwike,' John Gostwick, Treasurer
of the First Fruits.
111. Cf. Cal. viii. not. Ewelme, in Oxfordshire. 'Donyngton,'
or Donnington, in Berkshire, near Newbury. ' Hokenorton,' or
Hooknorton, in Oxfordshire.
112. The Earl of Rutland, Thomas Manners; D.N.B. xxxvi. 56.
113. Sir John Wallop, Captain of Calais Castle and English
ambassador at the Court of France; D.N.B. lix. 152. 'Philip
Melanchton,' the friend and disciple of Luther; cf. Life, p. 226, and
A.D.B. xxi. 268. 'The king« highnes pencions,' probably referring
to the annual contribution of 50,000 ecus promised in April, 1527,
by Francis I to Henry VIII, on condition that the latter would
NOTES TO LETTERS
renounce all claim to the throne of France ; cf. Mignet, ii. 1 15, 318 ;
also Cal. v. 1504-5. 'The frensh king . . . being last at Marcelto
wit^ Pope Clement'; cf. Life, p. 218, and Cal. vi. 1425, 1426;
'The grete Maister,' Anne de Montmorency, Count Beaumont;
cf. notes to Letter 24. ' Christofer Mount ' ; cf. notes to Letter 64.
* Mounsifur de Langie,' Guillaume du Bellay, Sieur de Langey, sent
to the German Protestants by Francis I in 1535; B.U. iii. 551.
Heynes,' Simon Heynes, S.T.P., Canon of Windsor, Master of
Queens' College, Cambridge, and vicar of Stepney, sent to France in
'535J D.N.B. xxvi. 325.
114. 'The Busshop elect,' Charles Booth, Bishop of Hereford,
died in the summer of 1535, and was succeeded by Edward Foxe,
King's Almoner, Archdeacon of Leicester, Provost of King's College,
and English ambassador to the German Princes in the autumn of
1535 ; cf. D.N.B. xx. 113, and Life, p. 227.
113. Wilton, Benedictine nunnery in Wiltshire ; Abbess, Cecilia
Bodenham ; cf. Tanner, Wilts., xxxvii, and Dugdale, ii. 318. The
* Ferme of Chalke' and the ' Manowr of Semky,' in Chalke Hundred,
Wiltshire.
116. Cf. Cooper, vol. i. pp. 372 ff.,and Letters 106, 124, 129, 186,
206. Cromwell was elected Chancellor of Cambridge Aug. 30, 1535 ;
cf. Cal. ix. 208.
117. On the Emperor's expedition against Tunis, cf. Cal. ix. 602.
' Domini de granuell,' Nic. Perrenot, Sieur de Granvelle, Counsellor to
the Emperor ; A.D.B. ix. 580. On Chapuys and the Princess Mary,
cf. Life, pp. 216-7.
118. 'The Busshop of Wissetour,' Hugh Latimer, consecrated
1535; D.N.B. xxxii. 171.
119. The Countess of Oxford, Anne, widow of John de Vere,
fourteenth Earl of Oxford, and half-sister of the Duke of Norfolk.
'The parke and Bailliswike of Camps,' in Chilford Hundred,
Cambridge.
120. 'My mannowr of Rompney,' in Monmouth, of which Davyc
Morgan Kemys was keeper ; cf. Cal. ix. 478.
121. Cf. notes to Letter 117.
122. Cf. Cal. viii. 1121, and ix. 202. ' Domino Parisiensi,' Jean
du Bellay ; cf. notes to Letter 18. 'Epiaqfi Roffensis,' John Fisher.
124. Cf. Cooper, vol. i. pp. 373 ff., and Letters 106, 116, 129,
1 86, 206.
125. For the laws against the 'Conveyaunce of Corne & other
thing« out of this Realme,' cf. 25 Hen. VIII. c. 2.
12G. Gardiner was sent to France in October, 1535; cf. D.N.B.
xx. 419, and Cal. ix. 676. 'Maister brian,' Sir Francis Brian;
D.N.B. vii. 150. 'His highnes k/fcres/ Cal. ix. 838. On 'the
delyueraye of the shippes,' cf. CaL ix. 714, and Life, p. 226. On
NOTES TO LETTERS 295
'tharticles sent by Melancton,' cf. Cal. ix. 281, 299, 540, 546.
' Luthers epistle,' probably Cal. ix. 355. For Gardiner's oration,
De Vera Obedientia, cf. Cal. ix. 403, 442, and D.N.B. xx. 419.
* The deane ' of the Royal Chapel, Dr. Richard Sampson, afterwards
Bishop of Chichester ; D.N.B. 1. 230. On Francis' 'recou^rye in the
procession,' cf. Cal. ix. 812, 86 1.
127-8. Cf. Cal. ix. App. 7. 'The treatie belli offensiui ratified
at Amyans,' probably referring to the treaties of Aug. 18, 1527 ;
cf. Cal. iv. 3356. For the money 'lent to the Duke of Bavier,' and
' for the assistence of the duke of Wittenberge ' (Ulrich of VVurtem-
berg, A.D.B. xxxix. 237), cf. Cal. v. 807, vii. 784. On the 'penc/bn
and salt moneye,' cf. notes to Letter 113, and Introduction to Cal. iv.
pp. clxxxix-cciii. 'Thempm>w« Ambassador/-,' John Hannaert,
V'iscount of Lombeek.and Liedekerke, Imperial envoy to the Court
of France.
129. Cf. Cooper, vol. i. pp. 377 ff., and Letters 106, 116, 124,
1 86, 206.
1 30. The letters referred to are apparently not extant.
131. The King's 'highnes letteres nowe addressed vnto youe' are
not in the Calendar. The ' \ettexo. sent from themperours Ambassador
here,' probably Chapuys' letter to the King, mentioned in Cal.
ix. 1050.
132. Cf. Cal. ix. 1126. Montacute, Cluniac Priory in Somerset;
Prior, Robert Shirburn ; cf. Tanner, Somerset, xxxiii, and Dugdale,
v. 164. On 'Mr. Norres,' cf. notes to Letter 72.
133. Cf. Life, p. 203. 'Master starkey,' Thomas Starkey, Pole's
friend; D.N.B. liv. 109.
135. Cf. Cal. x. 25, and Life, p. 226.
136. Cf. Life, pp. 229-30. ' Thadmyrall,' Philip Chabot, Sieur
de Brion ; cf. notes to Letter 98.
137. Cf. Cal. x. 235 ('the kingw highnes htf/^res'), and x. 256
(Gardiner's opinion of the German negotiations). For 'my lorde of
Herford^ preceding*?.? in Germany,' cf. Life, p. 227.
139. ' Maister pate.' Richard Pate, Archdeacon of Lincoln,
nephew of Bishop Longland, ambassador; D.N.B. xliv. 10. Salis-
bury was taken into Gardiner's service and sent back to England in
May with letters to the King ; cf. Cal. x. 598, 873. ' The ambas-
sador of fraunce,' Antoine de Castelnau, Bishop of Tarbes, nephew
of Cardinal Grammont. ' Pomeray,' Giles de la Pommeraye, French
ambassador to England, 1531-2.
141. 'Carew' in Pembrokeshire. 'My ladye Katherynes preest,'
George Athequa, Bishop of Llandaff; cf. Friedmann, ii. 162-8.
142. 'Mr. Ratclyff,' probably Sir Alexander Ratcliff, afterwards
Sheriff of Cheshire. 'Mr. Gage,' Sir John Gage; D.N.B. xx. 350.
~'.M; NOTES TO LETTERS
1 My man Wyll/amson,' John Williamson, Cromwell's agent, and the
husband of his wife's sister, Joan ; cf. Life, pp. 55-60.
143. Westchester or Chester.
144. Cf. Cal. x. 875. John Whalley, Comptroller of the Mint,
paymaster of the works at Dover. Wingfield does not seem to
have been very successful in his new office ; cf. Cal. x. 985, and
Letter 172.
145. Cf. Cal. x. 725. 'The matier' referred to in the postscript
of Gardiner's letters was a rumour of peace between Francis and
Charles. For the 'Overtures' made by the Imperial ambassador,
cf. Life, pp. 231-2. 'Thadeus,' Bolle a courier.
146. Cf. Cal. x. 760.
147. 'Tharryval of the baylie of Troys'; John de Dinteville
came to London May 17, three days after this letter was sent.
4 Mark«,' Mark Smeton, organist or spinnet-player. 4 Norres,' Henry
Norris, Esquire of the Body; cf. notes to Letter 72; Sir Francis
Weston, D.N.B. Ix. 360; William Brereton, of the Privy Chamber,
Chamberlain of Chester; all executed May 17, 1536. On 'the
IIIC that were out among;; thise men,' cf. Friedmann, ii. 308-9.
' The vicar of hell/ a popular nickname for Sir Francis Brian.
148. Cf. Life, pp. 125-9.
149. Cf. Cal. x. 1069, 1085, and Life, pp. 233-4. 'Thempwwrs
Ambassadowr ' in France, John Hannaert; cf. notes to Letters
127-8.
150. Cf. Life, pp. 216-7, and Cal. x. 1108-9, 1129, 1133, 1136,
1137. The 'Articles' were three in number: (i) an acknowledge-
ment of the King as sovereign, and a promise to obey his laws; (2)
a recognition of the King's title of Supreme Head, and a repudiation
of the Papal authority ; (3) a confession that the marriage of Henry
and Katherine was ' by God's law and man's law incestuous and un-
lawful.' For the completion of the mutilated portions of this draft,
cf. Sylloge Epistolarum, p. 137.
151. Cf. notes to Letter 149.
152. Sir Brian Tuke, Treasurer of the Chamber, D.N.B. Ivii. 295.
4 Norray nowe clarencieulx kinge at Armes,' Thomas Hawley, Norroy
King of Arms (1534); King of Arms and Principal Herald of the
southern, eastern, and western parts of the kingdom, with the name
Clarencieulx (May 19, 1536); cf. Cal. x. 1015(15). ' Lorde Will/am
Howarde,' first Baron Howard of Effingham, half-brother to the
Duke of Norfolk; D.N.B. xxviii. 77. 'The busshope then elect of
Assaph nowe elect of Saynt Davys,' William Barlow, Prior of
Haverford West, and Prior Commendatory of Bisham ; Bishop
of St Asaph (Jan. — Apr. 1536), Bishop of St. David's (April,
1536); D.N.B. iit. 229. On their embassy to Scotland, cf. Life,
pp. 157-8.
153. Cf. Cal. ». 28, and notes to Letter 147. For 'the treatie
NOTES TO LETTERS 297
the FrencheKing made last whenne ponvrey was here,' cf. Cal.
v- *337> and notes to Letter 139.
154. John Harding, vicar of Overton subtus Arderne in Leices-
tershire; cf. Valor Ecclesiasticus, iv. 181, and note to page 26 of
Cal. xi.
156. Cf. Cal. xi. 151, and notes to Letter 147.
157. Edward Thwaytes, a magistrate in Canterbury. 'The office
of the Lantern,' the Keepership of the Lighthouse of Calais.
159. Cf. Life, p. 131, and Dixon, vol. i. pp. 441-4.
160. Cf. notes to Letter 144, and Cal. xi. 1254.
161. Cf. Cal. xi. 407, 495. 'The vicar of crowley,' James
Pratt.
162. Sir John Clark, Commissioner of the Peace in Oxfordshire;
cf. Cal. xi. 580, 1406, 1217(20). John Williams and George Gifford,
both agents of Cromwell's; cf. Cal. xi. 227, 353, 888. Sir John
Browne, Commissioner of the Peace in Oxfordshire.
163. St. Faith's, or Horsham St. Faith's, Benedictine Priory in
Norfolk; Prior, John Sarisbury, Suffragan Bishop of Thetford; cf.
Tanner, Norf., xxxiv. i, and Dugdale, iii. 635. 'The labor off yower
Frynd«'; cf. Cal. xi. 327. 'My chaplaine,' possibly Dr. Legh.
This letter and no. 180 are written in a hand which I have not met
with elsewhere in Cromwell's correspondence ; the spelling is parti-
cularly curious.
164. Cf. Cal. xi. 407, 495. 'The person that ye wrote to me of,'
James Pratt, vicar of Crowle, cf. Letter 161. 'This troubelous
season,' doubtless referring to the revolt in the North.
165. Cf. Cal. xi. 562, 587-8, and Life, p. 187.
166. Cf. Cal. xi. 795. 'Mr. Gostwick,' Commissioner in North
Wales, not John Gostwick, Treasurer of First Fruits. ' Lord Powes,'
Powis or Powers, Edward Grey.
167. Sir Thomas Butler, in command of a company in the North,
active in the suppression of the revolt there. ' My Lorde of Derbye,'
Edward Stanley, third Earl of Derby, general of the King's forces in
the western counties; cf. Cal. xi. 70*3, 856-8, and D.N.B. liv. 50.
168. Cf. Cal. xi. 809. Walter, Lord Hungerford of Haitesbury,
executed with Cromwell, July 28, 1540; D.N.B. xxviii. 259.
169. Sir Ralph Evers the Younger defended Scarborough Castle
against the northern insurgents; cf. Life, p. 194, and Cal. xi. 883,
989.
170. Cf. Cal. xi. 984, and Life, pp. 233-4. Pommeraye arrived
in England in late October ; cf. Cal. xi. 848.
171. The Duke of Suffolk was the King's Lieutenant in Lincoln-
shire, and general of the royal forces; cf. D.N.B. vi. 218. John
298
NOTES TO LETTERS
Browne, son of Robert Browne of Louth in Lincolnshire ; cf. Cal.
xl 854.
172. Cf. Cal. xi. 275, 289, 745, 1321, and Letter 144. The
'check,' or control of the workmen in the royal dockyards (N.E.I >.
ii. 309-10); the 'ligers' or ledgers; the 'call' or roll-call. John
Thompson, 4 Maister of the Mayson Dieu,' was apparently an enemy
of Wingfield's and reported him to Cromwell ; cf. Cal. xi. 1254.
1 73. The ' other fc//<res ' are apparently not extant.
174. Cf. Life, p. 194. The ' Duke of Richmonde,' Henry Fitzroy,
Duke of Richmond and Somerset, Earl of Nottingham and High
Admiral, natural son of Henry VIII ; D.N.B. xix. 204. 'Therle of
Anguishe' (Angus), Archibald Douglas; cf. Cal. xi. 512, 1351, and
D.N.B. xv. 271.
1 75. The recipient was doubtless one of the persons mentioned
in Cal. xi. 1205. On the meeting at Doncaster, cf. Life, pp. 192-3 ;
Froude, vol. iii. pp. 147-531 arjd Cal. xi. 1246.
1 76. John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln, and Chancellor of Oxford
University; D.N.B. xxxiv. 120. Spalding, Benedictine Priory in
Lincolnshire ; Prior, either Thomas Spalding or Richard Elsyn, alias
Palmer; cf. Tanner, Lincoln, Ixviii, and Dugdale, iii. 210.
177-8. These two letters have been accidentally misplaced.
They belong to the year 1535, probably about Sept. 15 ; cf. Cal. x.
p. 643 (Notes and Errata) ; and Cal. ix. 232, 365, 391. 'The office
of the Facultees,' the Mastership of the Faculties, a Court under the
Archbishop of Canterbury, the special function of which was to grant
dispensations from the Common Law. Anthony Denny, Keeper of
Westminster Palace and Park. ' Cr/V/ofor Morys,' the King's Master
Gunner. William Body, Cromwell's sen-ant. Werberge or Warberg,
a castle in Scania, head quarters of the Lubeckers. On the embassy
of Bonner and Cavendish, cf. D.N.B. v. 356 and Letter no. Alen
Hawt, Secretary to Sir Brian Tuke, Treasurer of the Chamber.
Christopher Mont was in Germany at this time, probably with
Mclanchthon ; cf. D.N.B. xxxviii. 204.
179. Cf. Life, pp. 151-2, and Cal. x. 897. 'Thomas Fitzgarrat,'
tenth Earl of Kildare; cf. D.N.B. xix. 148. ' Tharchbisshop of
Dublyn,' Dr. George Browne, Provincial of the Austin Friars ; cf.
D.N.B. vii. 43, and Life, p. 152. 'Maistr Brabazon,' William
Brabozon, Cromwell's friend and agent, Sub-Treasurer and Receiver-
General in Ireland ; cf. D.N.B. vi. 138, and Life, p. 52. Lord Leonard
Grey (D.N.B. xxiii. 196) was sent to Ireland as Deputy, Jan. i, 1536,
in place of Sir William Skeffington (D.N.B. Iii. 323), who died
Dec. 31, 1535.
180. Cf. Cal. xi. 274, and notes to Letter 163. Coxford, Austin
Prior)- in Norfolk ; Prior, John Adamson ; cf. Tanner, Norfolk, xvii.
i, and Dugdale, vi. 368.
NOTES TO LETTERS 299
181. Anthony Guydot or Guidotti, an Italian wool-merchant, and
friend of Cromwell's ; cf. Cal. x. 508, and xii. (i) 689.
182. The letters of the King and Suffolk referred to here are
apparently not extant.
184. Cf. notes to Letter 72, and Cal. xii. (i) 909-11.
185. Cf. Cal. xii. (i) 397, 938, 1028-9, and D.N.B. xxxvi. 150.
186. Cf. Letters 106, 116, 124, 129, 206 ; Cooper, vol. i. pp. 388 ff. ;
and Cal. xii. (i) 1182.
187. Hammes, pursuivant. Gardiner's letters of May 14 are ap-
parently not extant. On ' thapprehension of his traytovr Pole,' cf.
Life, p. 205.
188. Cf. Cal. xii. (i) 1214, 1237. Birlington or Bridlington, Priory
of Austin Canons in Yorkshire; Prior, William Wode or Wolde,
hanged 1537; cf. Tanner, Yorks., xix, and Dugdale, vi. 284. Ger-
vies or Jervaulx, Cistercian Abbey in Yorkshire ; Abbot, Adam Sed-
burgh, hanged June, 1537; cf. Tanner, Yorks., lix, and Dugdale,
v. 567. For 'the deposicons takyn of certain women,' cf. Cal. xii. (i)
1214. 'The havon' was the haven of Bridlington, 'more dangerous
than Flamborough ' ; cf. Cal. xii. (i) 1307. For the shrine of Brid-
lington, cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 34, 35, 92. Darcy (D.N.B. xiv. 49), Bigod
(D.N.B. v. 21), Bulmer, Hamerton, Percy, and Tempest, rebels in
the Pilgrimage of Grace. The ' twoo ambassado«rs from thempro«r,'
Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, and the Sieur de Ourton, who
arrived in England in early May. Their mission was to discover
the state of the north, to learn of England's relations with France, to
urge Henry to take sides with Charles, and if possible to further the
negotiations for the match between the Princess Mary and Dom Luiz
of Portugal; cf. Cal. xii.(i) 684, 696, 873.
189. Cf. notes to Letter 188. Sir Thomas Wyatt, ambassador
with the Emperor (April, 1537 — April, 1539); D.N.B. Ixiii. 183.
' Monsieur du Vauldray,' a gentleman of the Emperor ; cf. Cal. xii. (i)
1054, 1306. 'The bishop of liege,' Erarde de la Marck, Cardinal;
cf. Cal. xii. (i) 1052. ' Poules,' St. Paul's.
190. The Lord Admiral, Sir William Fitzwilliam, afterwards Earl
of Southampton ; D.N.B. xix. 230. John Wynter, merchant of
Bristol; cf. Cal. vii. 1161, 1168; xii. (ii) 758.
191. Cf. notes to Letter 168.
192. ' Lady Whethel,' Elizabeth, widow of Sir Richard Whethel.
For her controversy with her son Robert, cf. Cal. xii. (i) 985 ; xii. (ii)
1037-8.
193. Wyatt's letter of June 23 is not in the Calendar. 'Oking'
or Woking. ' Thyfbourne ' or Tyburn. For the assaults on St. Pol
and Montreuil, and the war in Picardie, cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 125 and 372.
.M. de Canaples, Jean de Crequy, Sieur de Canaples; cf. Cal. xii. (i)
1065, 1073; xii. (ii) 372. 'The Dolphyn,' afterwards Henri II of
300 NOTES TO LETTERS
France. On the 'stellers of the King« hawk«,' cf. letter 222 and
Cal. xii. (ii) 774, 811.
194-5. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 231. 'Sir "Wit/ion Minstreley' had
written a book called ' Lavacrum Conscientiae,' in which he sought
to prove that priests were above the angels, and ought to be subject
to no temporal prince. ' Sir \\ittiam Richardson ' had ordered the
observance of the day of St. Thomas the Martyr as a holiday, as
of old
196. Cf. Cal. xii. (i) 283, and xii. (ii) 173. I have been unable
to find the 'acte' mentioned here, in the Irish Statutes.
197. William Sandwich, B.D., Warden of Canterbury College,
Oxford; cf. Cal. xii. (i) 437.
1 98. ' Old Coley,' Robert Cowley, Clerk to the Crown of Chancery
in Ireland ; cf. Cal. xii. (i) 963 ; xii. (ii) 383, 874.
200. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 631, 698. 'Jamys of Desmonde,' James
Fitzgerald, the 'pretended' Earl of Desmond; D.N.B. xix. 123.
' Jamys fitz moryce,' James Fitzgerald, son of Maurice, heir to the
earldom of Desmond; D.N.B. xix. 125.
201-2. ' Fraunces Herbart ' ; cf. Cal. xii. (i) 963.
203. ' Jamys de la Hyde,' or Delahide, Irish rebel ; cf. Cal. xii.
(ii) 383, 1310, i. (45). 'Parson Walsche,' Richard Walshe, vicar of
Loughseudie. 'The Sonne of the late Erie off Kyldare,' Gerald
Fitzgerald or ' Young Garret,' younger son of the ninth Earl of Kildarc,
and brother of Lord Thomas Fitzgerald; D.N.B. xix. 123, 148.
204. Jerome Lynn, Constable of Carlingford Castle in Louth ;
cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 1097.
206. Cf. Letters 106. 116, 124, 129, 186, and Cooper, vol. i.
pp. 389 ff. Barnwell, beside Cambridge. The 'gagyng and cor-
rection of ... forstalers and regraters ' ; the University was permitted
to appropriate the fines imposed on those who broke the law by
purchasing goods before they were exposed in the market, in order
to sell them again at a higher price.
208. Io>rd James Butler, son of the Earl of Ossory,and Treasurer
of Ireland, was in London and in Calais in the early part of 1537 ;
ct. Cal. xii. (i) 1328; xii. (ii) 83.
209. ' Maister Leighe,' Richard I^e, Surveyor of Calais. ' Maister
Marshall,' Sir Richard Grenville, knight, Marshal of Calais. On
their dispute, cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 338, 466, 550, 555, 704, 830. 'Sir
Thomas palmer,' Knight Porter of Calais; D.N.B. xliii. 160, and
Cal. xii. (ii) 341. 'Maister Wingfield'; cf. notes to letter 84, and
Cal. xii. (ii) 162, 163, 323.
210. Dr. Roger Dingley, of Staffordshire, was reported to Crom-
well by Anthony Knyvet, Sept 20, on the charge of ' vexing ' the
poor men in the country round about him, and of holding dangerous
opinions concerning the Pope; cf. Cal. xii. ^ii) App. 40.
NOTES TO LETTERS 301
213. Lord Butler's letter is not to be found in the Calendar.
214. 'The fassaghe bentre,' Bantry fashagh or forest in the south-
west of Ireland. Sir William Brabazon was appointed Vice-Treasurer
or ' under-tresorer ' in Ireland, Aug. 20, 1534; cf. D.N.B. vi. 138.
' Newe Bawon,' in Wexford. The ' dyppes ' or Deeps in Bantry
fasagh. ' Tharchbysshop of Casshell,' Edmund Butler, natural son
of Piers, eighth Earl of Ormonde; D.N.B. viii. 47. 'My lorde
deputie,' Lord Leonard Grey; D.N.B. xxiii. 196. On 'Clomell,' or
Clonmel, in Tipperary, cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 898 (9). 'The Bysshop of
Watf Horde,' probably Nicholas Comin ; cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 1340, and
Beatson, pt. ii. p. 302. 'Mr. Wise,' William Wise, Sheriff of Water-
ford. ' Lady Katryn Butler,' widow of Sir Richard Power ; D.N.B.
viii. 72. 'The Erlle of Ossery,' Sir Piers Butler; D.N.B. viii. 72.
For ' prysewynes ' Cal. (in the Index) has ' prize-wines.' ' Kynsale,'
in Cork.
215. Edmond Sexton was Mayor of Limerick; cf. Cal. xii.
(ii) 281.
216. Cf. Life, pp. 206-7, and Cal. xii. (ii) 552. 'Doctowr
Wylson,' the King's chaplain; cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 579, and D.N.B. Ixii.
119. Maastricht, in Limburg, north of Liege.
217. Cf. Life, pp. 206-7 ; Cal. xii. (ii) 552 ; and Letters 216, 218.
' Mr. Hethe ' ; cf. notes to Letter 66. ' The Bisshopp^ of Duresme
and london,' Cuthbert Tunstall (D.N.B. Ivii. 310) and John Stokesley
(D.N.B. liv. 403). 'The bisshopp of Yorke,' Edward Lee; D.N.B.
xxxii. 347. 'An oratyon settfurth by the bisshopp of Winchestre/
probably Gardiner's De Vera Obedientia. 'A booke of certain
thinges lately determyned here by the hole clergy,' probably The
Institution of a Christian Man, commonly called the Bishop's Book,
printed by Bartlett in 1537; cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 289 n., and Dixon
i. 518-30.
218. Cf. Life, pp. 206-7; Letters 216 and 217, and Cal. xii. (ii)
552. The sentence beginning 'Paul popith Jolyly' is rendered in
Froude, vol. iii. p. 217, 'The Pope will desire the world to pray for
the King.'
219. 'Maistr Horseley,' John .Horseley, afterwards Sheriff of
Northumberland; cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 1005, 1150 (18).
220. ' Caterlaugh,' or Carlow, in Leinster; ' Thisteldormont,' or
Castledermot, in Kildare ; ' Kylken,' Kylka or Kylca, in the same
county ; ' Castelcurr ' and ' Knokraffyn,' or Knockgraffon, in Tip-
perary ; ' Glaschare,' in Kilkenny.
221. William Seintloo, or Sayntlow, military commander in
Ireland; cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 135, 382.
222. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 869, and Life, p. 234. ' Monsieur de Grande-
vile,' Nic. Perrenot, Sieur de Granvelle, Counsellor of the Emperor ;
cf. notes to Letter 117. On ' Anthony lee,' Wyatt's brother-in-law,
cf. notes to Letter 193. 'Mr. pate,' Richard Pate, Archdeacon of
302 NOTES TO LETTERS
Lincoln, nephew of Bishop Longland, and ambassador with Charles V
(1533-7); D.N.B. xliv. 10. His letter is apparently not ext
' Dignely,' Sir Thomas Dingley, commander of Baddesley and Maync,
who had laid himself open to suspicion because he had conferred
with Sir George Throgmorton and others implicated with Pole;
cf. Cal. xii. (i) 78, 207, 975, and xii. (ii) 427, 663, 921, 952,
1023. ' Barbastra,' or Balbastro, in Aragon, north-east of Saragossa.
224. ' Mr. Dudley,' Sir John Dudley, Vice- Admiral, afterwards Earl
of Northumberland and Ix>rd Protector; D.N.B. xvi. 109. For 'the
matier touching Dignely,' cf. notes to Letter 222.
225. Cf. notes to Letter 220.
226. Cf. Life, p. 234. Ix>rd William Howard, half-brother to the
Duke of Norfolk; cf. notes to Letter 152. 'The frenche king«
doughter,' Margaret of France, younger daughter of Francis I.
' Madame de Longevile,' Marie de Ix>rraine, daughter of Claude,
Duke of Guise, afterwards Queen of Scotland and mother of Mary
Queen of Scots ; D.N.B. xxxvi. 391. ' Assher,' or Esher. 'Possidon/
Posidonius, Cicero's friend ; cf. Tusculan Disputations, ii. 6 1 (ed.
Baiter and Kayser, vol. vi. p. 306) : ' Nihil agis, dolor ! quamvis sis
molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum.' ' Thabbot of Arbroth,'
David Beaton; D.N.B. iv. 17.
227. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 914-7. 'S/r Reynold Carnabye,' keeper
of Tynedale, an active agent of the Crown in Northumberland and
Yorkshire after the suppression of the Pilgrimage of Grace ; cf. Cal.
xii. (ii) 280, 823. 'Maister Vuedale,' John Woodall, secretary to
the Council of the North ; cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 100, 102. For the treat-
ment of the ' pledges ' or hostages for Tynedale and Ryddesdale, cf.
Cal. xii. (ii) 915, 1077. 'Mr. Fairfax,' Thomas Fairfax, serjeant-at-
law ; cf. Cal. xii.(ii) 1076-7. ' A shoute Arcre ' (sic), possibly meaning
' sheet anchor.' At Cromwell's request the sons of Sir Thomas Percy,
brother of the Earl of Northumberland, were placed, for safety, in
charge of Sir Thomas Tempest, a royal agent in the north ; cf. Cal.
xii. (ii) 203, 229, 915.
228. John Babington, apparently a spy and agent of Cromwell's ;
cf. Cal. xii. (i) 1104 (n). Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, Justice.
229. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 1053 ; Life, pp. 233-4, and notes to letter
222. Bartholomew Butler, Rougecroix pursuivant. The 'Ouerture
for the doughter of portingale,' probably a proposal for a match
between Prince Edward and Maria, the daughter of John III, King
of Portugal, who later became the wife of Philip II ; cf. B.U. xx.
622, and note at the bottom of p. in of Span. Cal. vol. vi, pt. i.
On 'the passage at Zuse' (Susa in Savoy), cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 1040, and
Martin, viii. 248.
230. John, Lord Husey or Hussey, was attainted and executed in
June, 1537, on the charge of complicity with the rebels in the
Pilgrimage of Grace; D.N.B. xxviii. 329.
231. The Bishop of Chester, Dr. Rowland Lee; D.N.B.
NOTES TO LETTERS 303
373. This letter is interesting, as one of the earliest recorded mentions
of gipsies.
232. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 1096, 1260, and Letter 200. 'Bryan
Oconor,' Irish rebel chieftain; D.N.B. xli. 395. ' Jamys Fitz John,'
James Fitzgerald, son of John, the ' pretended ' Earl of Desmond ;
D.N.B. xix. 123. 'Jamys fitz morys,' James Fitzgerald, son of
Maurice; D.N.B. xix. 125.
233. Cf. notes to Letters 214 and 232.
234. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 1249.
235. John Vachell, of a well-known Reading family, was an active
agent of Cromwell's in connexion with the suppression of the monas-
teries; cf. Cal. xiii. (ii) 353, 367. Walter Chalcott, sergeant-at-arms.
On the almshouse at Donyngton (in Berkshire, near Newbury),
cf. Tanner, Berks., vii. 2.
236. Cf. Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, i. (i) 466-70; Life,
PP- 131-3; and Letters 159, 266, 273.
237. ' Saynct marye wyke,' or Week St. Marj', in Stratton Hundred,
Cornwall.
238. Cf. Life, pp. 234-7. Wyatt's letter is apparently not extant.
' Parme and placence,' Parma and Piacenza, occupied by the Papal
forces after the battle of Ravenna, restored to Milan (then under
France) in 1515, retaken for the States of the Church in 1521;
cf. Guicciardini, vi. 254, vii. 206. In 1545 they were converted into
an hereditary duchy by Paul III for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese.
' Kyng ferdinando,' brother of Charles V, King of the Romans,
afterwards Emperor; A.D.B. vi. 632.
240. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 279. Thomas Barnaby, an emissary of
Cromwell's. ' Maister Parys,' a servant of Gardiner's.
241. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 329. Peter Reed (' rede '), a messenger.
242. Cf. Life, pp. 158, 234, and Pref. to Cal. xiii. (i) pp. xxxv ff.
Peter Mewtas, a friend of Cromwell's, Gentleman of the Privy
Chamber. * Madame de L.,' Mary of Guise, Mme. de Longueville,
afterwards Queen of Scotland; D.N.B. xxxvi. 391. Her father,
Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise; B.U. xviii. 224.
243. Cf. Life, p. 235, and Pref. to Cal. xiii. (i) pp. xxxvii ff.
Philip Hoby; D.N.B. xxvii. 54. 'The yong duke of Longouille,'
Francis, son of Mary of Guise and the Duke of Longueville. ' The
two daughters of Mons/Vwr de Guyse,' Mary, afterwards Queen of
Scotland (cf. notes to Letter 242), and Louise, later married to the
Prince of Chimay. 'The Duke of Loraigne,' Anthony, son of
Ren£ II, Duke of Lorraine; B.U. xxv. 120. 'His daughter,' Anne,
afterwards wife of Rene, Prince of Orange. ' The dutchesse of Millane,'
Christina, younger daughter of Christian II, the deposed King of
Denmark, and widow of Francis Sforza of Milan. ' Mr. Hutton,'
John Hutton, agent and ambassador in Flanders, and governor of the
English merchants there. ' The Regent,' Mary, sister of CharlesV,
804
NOTES TO LETTERS
widow of Louis of Hungary; A.D.B. xx. 374. 'Mr. Harms,' Hans
Holbein, sent to Brussels to paint the portrait of the Duchess of
Milan. He finished his picture, which is now at Windsor, in three
hours; cf. D.N.B. xxvii. 106.
-II. Cf. Life, p. 236. For the commission of the 'bisshop of
tarbez ' ( Antoine de Castelnau), cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 386. ' Mr. dudley ' ;
cf. notes to Letter 224.
243. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 633. George, brother of Anthony Rous
(treasurer of the Duke of Norfolk), was on his way to Venice.
247. Thomas Sherle or Shirley, Commissioner of the Peace in
Sussex ; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 646 (33).
248. Cf. Dixon, i. 509-15 ; Cal. xiii. (i) 264, 275, 571, 674 ; and
D.N.B. li. 452. 'Threpes,' cf. 'to threap' or maintain obstinately
(Halliwell).
249. Cf. Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. i. pp. 466 ff.
250. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 679. ' Thise men,' meaning the Imperial
ambassadors, Chapuys and Mendoza ; cf. notes to Letters 188-9.
The Bishop of Hereford, Edward Foxe, died May 8, 1538; cf.
D.N.B. xx. 113. The Bishop of Chichester, Richard Sampson;
D.N.B. 1. 230. ' Maister Russel nowe Comptroller ' of the House-
hold, afterwards Earl of Bedford; D.N.B. xlix. 444. 'My lord
Admyral,' Sir William Fitzwilliam ; D.N.B. xix. 230. ' Doctowr
haynes ' was sent as special ambassador to Charles V in April, 1538;
cf. D.N.B. xxvi. 325. 'Docto//r Boner' (cf. notes to Letter no)
accompanied him.
251. George Broke, Lord Cobham ; cf. notes to Letter 79. Wm.
Knell, head yeoman of Brokeland in the Marches of Romney, Kent,
was accused of speaking treasonable words concerning the Royal
Supremacy. ' With such acceleration as I have seldom seen,' wrote
Christopher Hales to Cromwell, was he attainted of high treason,
April 16, 1538 ; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 783. ' My lord of Wiltshire,' Thomas,
father of Anne Boleyn; D.N.B. v. 321.
232. Cf. notes to Letter 168.
253. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 695. ' Mr. Mason,' John Mason, agent and
interpreter at the Emperor's Court ; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 1 165, and xiii. (ii)
191. ' Hawte,' Sir William Hawte, Sheriff of Kent, and father-in-law
of the son of Sir Thomas Wyatt, Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger ; cf.
Cal. xiii. (1)710*. Robert Brancetour, an Englishman at the Court
of Charles V, attainted of treason in 1539; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 1104, and
Life, p. 282.
254. Lisle's letter of April 15 is apparently not extant.
255. Cf. Letter 226.
25G. The ' frende ' of Richard Cromwell was Simon Jakes, Abbot
of Kenilworth (' Kyllingworthe ').
Cf. Cal. xiii.(i) 915.
NOTES TO LETTERS 305
258. Cf. Cal.xiii. (1)917.
259. Cf. Letter 256.
260. Cf. Life, pp. 161-2, and Cal. xiii. (i) 1291. c My lorde of
Herforde,' Edward Foxe; D.N.B. xx. 113. 'Maister Threasourer
of the king« Maiesties Houshold,' Sir William Paulet ; D.N.B. xliv.
92. ' Maister brown,' Sir Anthony Browne, brother of the Countess
of Worcester, and half-brother of the Lord Admiral ; D.N.B. vii. 38.
261. Wyatt's letter is not in the Calendar.
262. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 962.
263. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 1031, and Life, pp. 161-6.
264. ' Kingeswood,' Cistercian Abbey in Wiltshire; cf. Tanner,
Wilts., xx.
265. Cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 1132-3, and notes to Letter 250. Ratclif, in
Middlesex, beside London.
266. A preliminary to the Injunctions of September, 1538 (Letter
273. q-v-)«
267. ' Mr. Olverton of Rougham ' in Suffolk, probably identical
with ' William Yelverton,' one of the Commission for gaol delivery
in Norfolk ; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 384 (46).
268. Cf. Life, pp. 161-2, and Cal. xiii. (i) 1291, 1387.
269. 'The Surveyour there,' Richard Lee ; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 91, 92,
594-
271. Lisle's letter is apparently not extant. c The Ambassadour
of Fraunce,' Louis de Perreau, Sieur de Castillon ; cf. life in
Kaulek, pp. ix-xvi. On Jehan Ango, 'vicount of diepe,' and the
capture of the hoy, cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 211, 257.
273. Cf. Life, pp. 131-3, and Dixon, vol. ii. pp. 80 ff.
274. Cf. Cal. xiii. (ii), App. 39, and notes to Letter 168. George
Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon ; D.N.B. xxv. 123.
276. Cf. Cal. xiii. (ii) 419, 575, 622; D.N.B. xxvii. 54; Iviii. 179;
Ixiii. 148.
277. Sir William Sulyard, one of the Council of Wales, Commis-
sioner of the Peace, agent of Rowland Lee ; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 190 (5,
18), 384 (18, 2i\ 1115 (30), 1309 (20), 1519 (14); xiii. (ii) 1007.
278. Dr. Thomas Legh, visitor of the monasteries ; D.N.B. xxxii.
420. William Cavendish, brother of the biographer of Wolsey,
Auditor of the Augmentations, afterwards Privy Councillor j D.N.B.
ix. 363. 'The Monasteries of Saynct Oses and Colchister'; St.
Osyth's, or Chich, Priory of Austin Canons in Essex ; Colchester,
Benedictine Mitred Abbey of St. John, in the same county : cf.
Dugdale, vi. 308 ; iv. 60 1 ; Tanner, Essex, x and xii.
* Mr. Chatmcellar of thaugme«tations,' Sir Richard Riche ; D.N.B,
xlviii. 123.
HERRI* AN. II X
306 NOTES TO LETTERS
279. Cf. notes to Letter 274.
280. Sir Brian Tuke, Treasurer of the Chamber ; D.N.B. Ivii. 295.
281. Cf. Cal. xiii. (ii) 786 ; Frpude, iii. 315-6; and Lite, pp.
208-9, 243 "• ' Mr. Bonvixi,' a rich Lucchese merchant, dwelling
in London ; D.N.B. v. 365. 'S/r Fraunc« Brian ' ; D.N.B. vii. 150.
282. Cf. notes to Letters 108 and 109. 'Humphrey Calfield,' or
Calfehill, bailiff of the lordship of Staunton Lacy and of the liberty
of the lordship of Cleobury in Shropshire and Chelmershe in the
lordship of Cleobury ; cf. Cal. xiii. < i) 889 (4).
283. ' The Late Marquis of Excestre,' Henry Courtenay, executed
December, 1538; cf. D.N.B. xii. 336. William Button, Commis-
sioner of the Peace in Wiltshire ; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 384 (20). ' Smored '
or smothered (Halliwell).
284. This letter may have been written in the latter part of 1537;
cf. note at the foot of p. 2 of Cal. xiii. (i) and also Cal. xii.(ii) 1235.
* The said late Sheriff,' probably Sir Brian Hastings, Sheriff of York-
shire, who died Aug. 6, 1537. ' Vre' or 'use' (Halliwell).
285. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) n, 92. 'Mr. Hobby,' Philip Hoby; D.N.B.
xxvi. 54.
286. Cf. Life, p. 243 ; Preface to Cal. xiv. (i), p. xxi, and CaL
xiv. (i) 884; xiv. (ii) 76, 81, 134, 280. The 'old duke' of Urbino,
Francesco-Maria I de la Rovere ; B.U. xxxvi. 655. ' The young duke '
of Urbino, Guido Ubaldo, his son ; B.U. xxxvl 655. The Duke of
Ferrara, Hercules II da Este; B.U. xiii. 101. The Duke of Mantua,
Federigo da Gonzaga ; B.U. xvii. 163. 'That bishop which is also
adurrsary to his naturall prince,' probably referring to Cardinal Pole ;
cf. Cal. Ven. v. 196.
287. Cf. Life, pp. 243-50. The 'Duke of Saxon,' Johann
Friedrich der G^rossmiithige ; A.D.B. xiv. 326. ' The Landgra(ve) '
of Hesse, Philipp der Grossmiithige ; A.D.B. xxv. 765.
288. Cf. Life, p. 251. 'The cafart Cornibus,' Peter de Cornibus,
a Franciscan at Paris, complained of by Bonner for making the cus-
tomary eulogy of St. Thomas the Martyr on St. Thomas' Day ; cf.
Cal. xiv. (1)371. ' Myn other l*//*res,' probably referring to Wriothes-
ley's letter to Cromwell ; Cal. xiv. (i) 208. On the ships in Flanders,
cf. Froude, iii. 317-9. 'Georgius Spalatinus,' the humanist and
historian ; A.D.B. xxxv. i. A portrait by Holbein of the astronomer
Cratzer is now in the Louvre.
289. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 280. 'Mr. Tucke,' Brian Tuke; D.N.B.
Ivii. 295.
290. Cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 729.
291. Cf. Cal. xiv.(i) 321, 335, 336, 345, and Life, p. 251. 'The
duchesse' of Milan; cf. notes to Letter 243. 'Mr. Kerne,' Sir
Edward Carne; D.N.B. ix. 134. Wyatt's letter is apparently not
extant. ' Joyes,' Christopher Joy, of London, student at Louvain,
NOTES TO LETTERS 307
attainted in 1539 for supporting the authority of the Pope; cf. Cal.
xiv. (i) 248, 264, 308. ' Leyton,' William, brother of Richard Layton,
Cromwell's agent ; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 248-9, 264, 308, 648. Thomas
Knight, envoy of Cromwell's ; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 434, 534.
293. Cf. Preface to Cal. xiv. (i), pp. xxx ff., and Froude, iii. 317-9.
' Our ambassidowr there,' Thomas Wriothesley.
294. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 433, 440, 447, 456, 485, 487. ' Mr. Tate,'
Edmund Tate, ambassador with Charles V ; sent April 15, 1539 ; cf.
Cal. xiv. (i) 746 ; xiv. (ii) 765.
295. Cf. Life, pp. 249-50. 'The Duchesse* of Milan ; cf. notes
to Letter 243. 'Nicholas Owton' or Wotton; D.N.B. Ixiii. 57.
' Richard byrd ' or Berde, of the Privy Chamber. ' Mr. Barnes,'
D.N.B. iii. 253. ' Sir Bern<rde de Mella,' Bernhard von Mylen or
von Melen, knight, employed by the Elector of Saxony; cf. Cal.
xiv. (i) 920.
296. Cf. Cal. xiv. (1)485. 'Mr. Sydney,' Sir William Sidney,
Chamberlain to Prince Edward, Sheriff of Kent ; cf. Cal. xiv. (i)
398, 517-
297. Cf. Life, pp. 153-4, 251. 'The bishop of Rome,' probably
a mistake for the Bishop of Hereford, Edmund Bonner. For his
letters and Wriothesley's, cf. Cal. xiv. (1)449-51, 485. ' Mr. Sadleyr,'
Ralph Sadler, Cromwell's friend, ambassador to Scotland; D.N.B.
1. 109. His letters, probably Cal. xiv. (i) 236. Cromwell's letter to
Wriothesley, no. 291. 'Vre' or 'use' (Halliwell). 'My lady Kynge-
ston,' Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Scrope pf Upsall, in Yorkshire,
wife of Sir William Kingston, Constable of the Tower ; D.N.B. xxxi.
1 86. 'Mr. Benton," Sir Edward Baynton, Vice-Chamberlain to the
Queen ; cf. Cal. xiv. (1)655. ' My lorde of Sussex,' Robert Ratcliff;
D.N.B. xlvii. 135. 'The bishop of Duresme,' Cuthbert Tunstall ;
D.N.B. Ivii. 310. The letters from the Council of the North, Cal.
xiv. (i) 481. ' Robert more,' attainted in April, 1539 ; cf. Cal. xiv. (i)
455. 867(15). The 'monke,' Ruoric O'Spellan ; cf. Cal. xiii. (ii)
999, 1164; xiv. (i) 455. 'That yong rebell trayter Fitzgerald';
D.N.B. xix. 123. Rurik or Ruricus, Bishop of Derry; cf. Cal.
xiii. (ii) 1164. 'Thabbot of Melrose' (Cistercian Abbey in Rox-
burgh, on the Tweed), Andrew Durie, afterwards Bishop of Whit-
horn ; cf. Cal. xvi. 963, 1112. The 'yong duck of Cleves' was not
dead, but his falher died Feb. 6, 1539; cf. Life, pp. 244-9.
Richard Harman, Cromwell's envoy, wrote to his master from
Antwerp, March 24 ; Cal. xiv. (i) 592. ' S/> John Cornewallys,'
Steward to Prince Edward; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 517. I cannot find
Harvell's letter. For the ' cowmissions ' for the musters, cf. Cal.
xiv. (i) 652.
298. 'The ryver of Roan,' probably meaning the river Seine at
Rouen. ' Desmond,' James Fitzgerald, the ' pretended ' earl ;
D.N.B. xix. 123. 'Byryn,' Brian Oconnor; D.N.B. xli. 395.
' Onellf,' Con O'Neill, first Earl of Tyrone ; D.N.B. xiii. 178. ' O don-
X %
NOTES TO LETTERS
elk,' Manus O'Donnell, Ix>rd of Tyrconnel ; D.N.B. xli. 441. For
the 'Iftffres for the mu«sters,' cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 712. A 'brout,' or
moment of time (Halliwell). 'Raguseys' or ships of Ragusa in
Dalmatia. ' Mr. Gonson,' William Gonson, in charge of the King's
ships ; cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 213. ' Mr. Morrison,' Richard Morrison, a
friend of Cromwell's who had just published a violent invective
against the treasons of Pole, Exeter, and Nevill; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 401.
299. Cf. Life, pp. 249-50, and Letters 295, 300. 'This honest
affaire, ' the Cleves match. ' The Comes de Aquila,' William, Ix»rd
Bedber, Count of Aquila Nova, ambassador from Cleves to England
in 1531 ; cf. Cal. v. 497, 563, 762. ' His paynter Lucas ' Cranach ;
A.D.B. iii. 559. 'The duchesse,' of Milan. 'Therle of Nassau,'
William the Rich; A.D.B. xliii. 129. 'Therle Will ... a Furstem-
burg,' in the French service ; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 535 ; xiv. (ii) 300 ; and
Cal. Span. vi. (i), p. 180. For an account of the Diet at Frankfort,
cf. Baumgarten, iii. 349-60.
300. Cf. Life, pp. 249-50, and Letters 295, 299. ' Reyner W,'
probably Reyner Wolfe, printer and agent of Cromwell's ; cf. Cal.
xiv.(ii)78i(f. 63).
301. Cf. Life, pp. 210-1, 251, and notes to Letters 291, 293.
302. ' The late Abbot of Wigmore ' (Austin Abbey in Hereford-
shire) was John Smart ; cf. Tanner, Hereford, xxi, and Dugdale, vi.
344-
303. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 672. Sir Edmund Knyvett of Buckenham,
Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk ; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 672, and D.N.B. .\\.\i.
338. ' Mr. Southwel,' Richard Southwell, Receiver of the Augmenta-
tions, afterwards knight and Privy Councillor; D.N.B. liii. 292.
Portrait, by Holbein, now in the Uffizi : a copy (probably) in the
Ix>uvre. ' Maistr Wyndam,' Sir Edmund Wyndham, a follower of
the Duke of Norfolk ; cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 572. The election apparently
ended in a riot, but Southwell and Wyndham were returned ; cf. Cal.
xiv. (i) 800, 808.
304. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 560, and notes to Letter 294.
305. For the 'newes from the man of Antwerp,' cf. Cal. xiv. (i)
741. The 'Fowlkers' (Fuggers) and 'Welsers,' the great German
bankers. On their loans to the Emperor, cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 298, 560,
741 (2). ' Themperesse ' died May i, 1539. On 'the popes desires'
that the Emperor discontinue diplomatic relations with England,
cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 13. ' Petro Bembo,' Cardinal; B.U. iii. 613. 'The
Iff/fres fro Rome ' must have been sent, not received, March 24.
306. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 560.
307. Vaughan's letters, Cal. xiv. (i) 767. 'Leynham,' probably
a priest. ' Senes,' Sienna. ' Creutziger,' Caspar Cruciger, the Pro-
testant divine; A.D.B. iv. 621. 'Oziander,' Andrew Osiander;
A.D.B. xxiv. 473. On 'Anthony Rouse' and 'S/> Edward Iching-
ham's doughter,' cf. CaJ. xiv. (i) 693, 764, 765.
NOTES TO LETTERS 309
309. The 'Instructions for Mr. Sadleyer,' Cal. xiv. (i) 771 (2).
On the dismissal of ' the hulkw ... in hola«d,' cf. Froude, vol. iii.
pp. 319-23. 'The Lady,' Anne of Cleves. For 'the exchange
of CLM1 d°V cf. notes to Letter 305. ' Andelo,' Jean d'Andalot, the
Emperor's Master of Horse ; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 550, and note i to p. 390
of the same. ' Andreas de Auria ' or Doria, the Genoese admiral
and statesman; B.U. xi. 233. 'Solemont,' Thomas Soulemont,
French secretary to Henry VIII; D.N.B. liii. 271. 'Monsieur
de Rangon,' or de Rincon, French ambassador with the Turk ; cf. Cal.
xiv. (i) 1229. 'Castro nouo,' or Castelnovo, taken from the Turks
Oct. 27, 1538, retaken Aug. 7, 1539. 'The Sophy,' Soft, or Shah of
Persia. Lorenzo Gritti, natural son of Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice
(died Jan. 1539), was sent as ambassador to the Turk, and died in
Constantinople in 1539. ' Bassas,' or Pashas, viceroys of Turkish
provinces. Chantilly (25 miles north-east of Paris) was the ancestral
seat of the Montmorencys. ' Another gewtilman,' Baumbach ; see
Life, p. 256. ' The duk,' John Frederic of Saxony.
310. Cf. Life, p. 272, and notes to Letters 291, 293, 299.
' Enchiridion,' probably the Enchiridion Militis Christian! by
Erasmus, published in 1503.
311. It is possible that this letter has been misplaced, though the
Calendar gives it as of 1539. Wotton and Vaughan were certainly
on the Continent in April of that year. Dr. John Hewis or Hughes,
an agent of Cromwell's, employed in the suppression of the monas-
teries; cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 542, 565. He also acted as one of the King's
counsel in the trial of the Divorce before Cranmer in 1533.
312. Cf. Life, pp. 161-4. The letter of the council and the
depositions are apparently not extant. 'My lorde Chambrelayn,'
William Lord Sandes, Captain of Guisnes. His letters, Cal. xiv. (i)
954, 998, 999. Ioo8» IOI5-
313. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 1039. Thomas Palmer, Cromwell's servant,
not the Knight Porter of Calais. ' The barbo//r of Marke,' Jacob
, a Fleming at Calais. He and ' Raf Hare ' were Sacramentaries ;
cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 1219.
314. Cf. Life, 161-4, and xiy. (i) 1058. 'The parishe preste,'
"William Smith, curate of Our Lady Church at Calais.
315. 'Mr. Porter,' Sir Thomas Palmer, Knight Porter of Calais;
D.N.B. xliii. 160. ' Mr. Palmer,' his brother Henry, Spear of Calais,
Bailly of Guisnes. On their quarrel, cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 1243, 1265,
1296, 1299.
316. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii) 481, 930, 1271 ; xiii. (i) 588; xiv. (i) 1129,
1134-5, 1141, 1208, 1236, 1261, 1301, 1316; xiv. (ii) 656, 779;
xv. 841, 902; xvi. 12; and Life, p. 299. ' Monsieur de la Rochipot,'
Francois de Montmorency, governor of Picardy, brother of the
Constable. One of his ships, captained by the Sieur de Beaucourt,
had captured, in Aug. 1537, a vessel belonging to Hans Luben of
Hamburg, enjoying the privileges of the Hansa. Luben and five
310 NOTES TO LETTERS
of his men were detained by the Frenchmen, who took his ship, with
the intention of sailing it to Scotland. But the vessel (either weather-
driven or else recaptured by ' Favour and Milketon,' two shipmasters
of Newcastle) went ashore at Whitby, and the requests of Francis and
his council (transmitted by their envoy the Sieur d'Ampont) that the
matter be ' renvoyed ' for trial to France were refused, on the ground
that the ship and goods were in an English port. ' Declinator/am '
(cf. French ' declinatoire '), an exception taken against a judge or
jurisdiction. ' Soulemount ' ; cf. notes to Letter 309. ' Oteland,' in
Surrey.
317. Cf. notes to Letter 316.
318. Cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 1154, and notes to Letter 168. '[M]aister
Arundell,' Sir Thomas Arundell, High Bailiff of Salisbury, Receiver
of the Augmentations, Commissioner of the Peace in Dorset ; cf. Cal.
xiv. (ii) 619 (56).
319. 'John Wynter,' merchant of Bristol ; cf. notes to Letter 190,
and Cal. xiv. (ii) 1147. 'Gonston,' William Gonson, employed in
rigging and repairing the King's ships.
320. Sir Thomas Pope, knight, founder of Trinity College,
Oxford; D.N.B. xlvi. 135.
321. Sir William Paget, knight, Clerk of the Signet, afterwards
Privy Councillor, and Baron Paget of Beaudesert; D.N.B. xliii.
60. 'Mr. Brereton,' Sir William Brereton ; cf. Life, p. 154. 'Mr.
Griffith,' Edward Griffith, one of the Council in Ireland. 'Edwarde
Dudley,' son of John, Ix>rd Dudley, and Cecily, sister of Lord
Leonard Grey ; cf. CaJ. xiv. (ii) 311. On Wyndham, Huberdyn and
Blechinden, cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 6 1 6. ' Mr. Brabazon,' William Brabazon ;
D.N.B. vi. 138.
322. Cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 392.
323. Cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 387. ' The Chauncelor Olesleger,' Dr. Henry
Olisleger, Vice-Chancellor of Cleves, who accompanied Anne of
Cleves to England.
324. Cf. Life, pp. 260-1.
325. Cf. Life, p. 143, and Davis, pp. 82-6.
326. John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln and Chancellor of the
University of Oxford; D.N.B. xxxiv. 120. 'Yoi/r Chauncelor,'
Christopher Massingberd; cf. Le Neve, ii. 93. On 'the parishe
prest of Homecastell ' in Lincolnshire, cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 214.
328. Cf. notes to letter 316.
329. Cf. Life, p. 262; D.N.B. xix. 231 ; and Chronicle of Calais,
pp. 47, 167-9. Southampton's letter of Dec. 21 is apparently not
extant. ' Richardson ' and ' thother,' William Richardson, priest (cf.
notes to Letter 194), and William Peterson, formerly Commissary in
Calais under Warham ; both were executed April 10, 1540, on the
charge of treason ; cf. note on p. 266 of Cal. xiv. (ii).
330. Cf. Cal. xiv. (ii) 702, 734, and Life, p. 159. Sir Thomas
NOTES TO LETTERS 311
Wharton, Deputy Warden of the West Marches, Sheriff of Cumber-
land ; D.N.B. Ix. 413. 'The lorde Maxwell,' Robert Lord Maxwell,
Scottish Warden of the West Marches; D.N.B. xxxvii. 132.
331. Lisle's letters are apparently not extant.
333. I have been unable to find the letters and the 'boke of
munic/bns ' mentioned.
334. The President of the North, Robert Holgate, Bishop of
Llandaff. He succeeded Tunstall as President of the Council of the
North in June, 1538, and later became Archbishop of York ; D.N.B.
xxvii. 128.
335. Cf. Cal. xv. 353, and notes to Letter 168.
336. William, Lord Sturton or Stourton, Commissioner of the
Peace in Somerset; cf. Cal. xv. 282 (9). 'Yewill,' or Yeovil, in
Somerset.
337. Richard Rawlyns (which may be an alias for Smith) was vicar
of Llangan in 1540, according to the Valor Ecclesiasticus, iv. 410;
cf. note at the bottom of p. 94 of Cal. xv. ' The bailif ther,' Thomas
Webbe ; the name is erased in the MSS.
338. Cf. Life, p. 284, and Pref. to Cal. xv. pp. iv-xii. 'The
qwene of Navarre,' Margaret of Angouleme, sister of Francis I ;
B.U. xxvi. 552. The 'Duk of Orleauns,' Charles, younger son of
Francis I. 'Madame Destampes,' Anne de Pisseleu, daughter
of the Sieur d'Heilly, wife of the Duke d'Estampes and mistress of
Francis I ; B.U. xiii. 91.
339. Nesam, Nesham or Neasham, Benedictine nunnery in
Durham (Tanner places it wrongly in Northumberland) ; Joanna
Lawson, Abbess ; cf. Tanner, Northld., xxii ; Dugdale, iv. 548.
'James lawson,' Alderman of Newcastle; cf. Cal. xiv. (i) 652
(M 15).
340. Cf. Cal. xv. 315, 320, and Preface to Cal. xv. p. xxiii. 'The
Cardinal of Lorrien,' John, brother of Duke Anthony of I^orraine,
Archbishop of Rheims, and High Chamberlain of France. 'The
legate for Farneze,' Alexander Earnese, Cardinal, son of Pier Luigi
Farnese, Duke of Castro, grandson of Pope Paul III, sent as Papal
emissary to the meeting of Charles V and Francis I. ' His Gouemor
Marssellw,' Cardinal Marcello Cervini, of Monte Pulciano in Tus-
cany, Bishop of Nicastro, Chief Secretary to the Pope ; afterwards
Pope Marcellus II. At ' the treating at P<rrpynyon,' in January, 1538,
a six-months' truce was arranged between deputies of Charles V and
Francis I; cf. Cal. xiii. (i) 69. 'The King of Romaynez,' Fer-
dinand, brother of Charles V; A.D.B. vi. 632. 'Madame de
Navarre ' ; cf. notes to Letter 338. ' The Duke of Alva,' Ferdinand
Alvarez de Toledo, statesman and general ; B.U. i. 313.
341. Cf. Cal. xv. 353, and notes to Letter 168.
342. Strangways, Horsey, and Paulet, Commissioners of the Peace
312
NOTES TO LETTERS
for the Western Circuit ; Fitzjames and Gilbert, for Somerset ; cf. Cal.
xv. 282 (5 and 9).
343. Sadler was made one of the two principal Secretaries to the
King in April, 1540; cf. D.N.B. 1. 210. His letter, Cal. xv. 468.
Wyatt's letters, Cal. xv. 448, 462. 'Mr. pate* arrived at the
Emperor's Court, April 14, 1540; cf. Cal. xv. 530, and D.N.B. xliv.
i o. ' The prince of Salern,' Ferdinand de San Severino, Prince of
Salerno, visited England in July, 1540, 'to see the country,' as
Marillac wrote ; cf. Cal. xv. 901.
3.44. Cf. Cal. xiii. (ii) 645. ' Seynte Assaph,' in Flint ; • master
Sulyarde,' Sir William Sulyard, Justice there.
345. Cf. I Jfe, p. 292, and Cal. xv. 582, 583,621, 622. ' S/r Gregorye '
Botolph, chaplain to I x>rd Lisle, accused of treason ; cf. Cal. xv. 478.
' Rousseler,' or Roeselare, about 20 miles south of Bruges.
346. John Capon, alias Salcot, Bishop of Salisbury, succeeded
Shaxton in July, 1539; D.N.B. ix. 22.
347. Sir George Lawson, Treasurer and Master of Ordnance at
Berwick, member of the Council of the North. 'Mr. Bekw/th,'
Leonard Bekwith, Receiver of the Augmentations in Yorkshire.
348. Cf. Life, p. 296. ' Frognvrton,' Sir George Throgmorton,
afterwards Sheriff of Worcestershire. 'Susan who was Falslye
accusyd,' doubtless referring to the story of Susanna in the Apocrypha.
' Maister Comptroller,' Sir William Kingston; D.N.B. xxxi. 186.
' Her Lorde Chamb^rlayn,' Thomas Manners, Duke of Rutland ;
D.N.B. xxxvi. 56.
349-50. Cf. Cal. xv. 822, and Life, pp. 259-60, 263, 297.
' Osleger,' Henry Olisleger, Vice-Chancellor of Cleves, and ambassa-
dor to England, Jan. 1540. ' Hogeston,' Wernerus von Hoghestein,
Chancellor and Hofmeister to the Duke of Cleves, accompanied
Anne to England, 1539-40. 'The Erll of Essex,' Henry Bourchier,
killed by a fall from his horse in March, 1539-40 ; cf. D.N.B. vi. 1 1.
351. Cf. notes to Letter 316, and Life, p. 299.
LIST OF AUTHORITIES
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HERBERT OF CHERBURV, Edward, Lord. A complete history of England.
Vol. ii, the history of King Henry VIII. 1706.
Herzog Philippen Leben und Sterben, kurz verzeichnet durch seinen
13 ruder Ottheinrich. (Vol. iv of M. v. Freyberg's Sammlung
historischer Schriftcn und Urkunden.) Stuttgart and Tubingen,
1827-36.
HOLINSHED, Ralph. Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
6 vols. 1808.
HUME, David. History of England. Continued by T. S. Hughes. 18
vols. 1854.
Introductions and prefaces to letters and papers, foreign and domestic,
of the reign of Henry VIII. By J. S. Brewer and James Gairdner.
18 vols. 1862-1901.
Journal of the House of Lords. Official ed. Vol. i.
KAULEK, Jean ; see Correspondance.
KERVYN de Lettenhove ; see Commentaires.
LAFSLEY, G. T. The problem of the North. (American Historical
Review, voL v.) 1900.
I.K NEVE, John. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae. Ed. T. Duffus Hardy.
3 vols. Oxford. 1854.
LENZ, Max. Briefwechsel Landgraf Philipps des Grossmiithigen von
Hessen mit Bucer. (Publicationen aus den K. Pr. Staatsarchiven.)
3 vols. 1880-91.
Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VI II.
Edd. J. S. Brewer, James Gairdner, and R. H. Brodie. 18 vols.
1862-1901. [Cited throughout as Cal.]
Ltttres et me'moires d'estat. Ed. Guillaume Ribier. 2 vols. 1666.
LEWIS, John. The life of Dr. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester.
Introduction by T. Hudson Turner. 2 vols. 1855.
Life and death of Thomas Lord Cromwell, the true chronicle history of
the whole. Erroneously attributed to Shakespeare. 1613.
LJNGARD, John. A history of England from the first invasion by the
Romans. Third ed. 14 vols. 1825.
Lords' Journal ; see Journal.
MACHIAVELLI, Niccol6. 11 Principe. Ed. L. Arthur Burd Oxford,
1891.
MANNING, Owen. The history and antiquities of the county of Surrey.
Continued by William Bray. 3 vols. 1804-14.
MARTIN, Henri. Histoire de France. Fourth ed. 1885.
MENDES SILVA, Rodrigo. Parangon de los dos Cromueles de Inglatcrra.
Madrid, 1657.
MIGNET, M. Rivalite* de Francois I et Charles-Quint. Third ed.
2 vols. 1886.
MOORE, Norman. The death of Katherine of Aragon. London Athenaeum,
nos. 2988, 2992. 1885.
LIST OF AUTHORITIES 317
NOBLE, Mark. Memoirs of the Protectoral House of Cromwell. Third
ed. 2 vols. 1787.
NOTT, Geo. Fred. Memoirs of the life of Sir Thomas Wyatt. (Vol. ii
of the Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and Sir Thomas
Wyatt the Elder.) 1816.
Original letters illustrative of English history. Ed. Sir Henry Ellis.
Second series, 4 vols. ; third series, 4 vols. 1827-46. [Cited
throughout as Ellis.]
Parliamentary Papers. Vol. Ixii, part I, Members of Parliament, 1213-
1702. 1878.
PAULI, Reinhold. Cardinal Wolsey und das Parlament von 1523.
(Historische Zeitschrift, vol. xxi.) Munich, 1869.
Thomas Cromwell, der Hammer der Monche. (Auf-
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1883.
PHILLIPS, John. The Cromwell family. Antiquary, vol. ii. 1880.
The Cromwells of Putney. Antiquarian Magazine and
Bibliographer, vol. ii. 1882.
PHILLIPS, Thomas. The history of the life of Reginald Pole. Oxford, 1764.
PINKERTON, John. The history of Scotland from the accession of the
house of Stuart to that of Mary. 2 vols. 1797.
POLE, Reginald. Apologia ad Carolum Quintum Caesarem. Epistolarum
pars I. Brescia, 1744.
Prefaces ; see Introductions.
RANKE, Leopold von. Deutsche Geschichte im Zeitalter der Reformation.
. Sammthche Werke, vols. i-vi. Fourth ed. 1867.
Die romischen Piipste in den letzten vier Jahr-
hunderten. Sammtliche Werke, vols. xxxvii-
xxxix. Fourth ed. 1867.
REEVES, John. History of English law. Ed.W. F. Finlason. 3 vols. 1869.
RlBlER, Guillaume ; see Lettres et me'moires.
ROBERTSON, William. History of the reign of Charles V. Continuation
by William H. Prescott. 2 vols. S. d.
ROGERS, James E. Thorold. A history of agriculture and prices in
England. 6 vols. Oxford, 1882.
ROPER, William. The life of Sir Thomas More. Ed. J. R. Lumby.
(Pitt Press Series.) Cambridge, 1897.
ROUND, J. H. The early life of Anne Boleyn. 1886.
RUDING, Rogers. Annals of the coinage of Great Britain and its
dependencies. Third ed. 3 vols. 1840.
RYMER, Thomas ; see Foedera.
SCHAEFER, Dietrich. Die Hansestadte und KSnig Waldemar von Dane-
mark. Jena, 1879.
SCHANZ, Georg. Englische Handelspolitik gegen Ende des Mittelaltcrs.
2 vols. 1 88 1.
SECKENDORFF, V. L. Commentarius historicus et apologeticus de
Lutheranismo, 1517-46. Leipzig, 1794.
SHAKESPEARE, William. King Henry VIII.
SLEIDAN, J. De statu religionis et reipublicae, Carolo Quinto Caesare,
commentarii. Ed. J. G. Bohme. 3 vols. Frankfurt am Main, 1786.
318 LIST OF AUTHORITIES
SMITH, A. L. The Pilgrimage of Grace. (Vol. iii of Social England.
Ed. H. D. Traill.) 1897.
SOAMES, Henry. The history of the Reformation of the Church of
England. 4 vols. 1826-8.
Spanish Calendar ; see undtr Calendar.
State Papers. King Henry VIII. n vols. 1830-52.
Statutes of the Realm. Edd. A. Luders, T. E. Tomlins, and others.
II vols, 1810-28.
STOW, John. The chronicles of England from Brute vnto this present
yeare of Christ. 1580.
A survay of London. 1603.
STRYPE, John. Ecclesiastical memorials. 3 vols. Oxford, 1822.
Memorials of Archbishop Cranmer. 2 vols. Oxford,
1812.
S TUBES, William. The constitutional history of England in its origin
and development. (Clarendon Press Series.) Sixth ed. 3 vols.
Oxford, 1897.
Seventeen lectures on the study of mediaeval and
modern history. Third ed. Oxford, 1900.
Sylloge epistplarum a variis Angliae principibus scriptarum. (Titi Livii
Foro-Juliensis vita Henrici Quinti, Regis Angliae. Ed. Thomas
Hearne.) Oxford, 1716.
TANNER, Thomas. Notitia monastica. Ed. James Nasmith. Cambridge,
1787.
THOMAS, William. The Pilgrim ; a dialogue of the life and actions of
King Henry VIII. Ed. J. A. Froude. 1861.
Three chapters of letters relating to the suppression of the monasteries.
Ed. Thomas Wright. (Camden Soc.) 1843.
ULMANN, Heinrich. Kaiser Maximilian I. 2 vols. Stuttgart, 1884.
Valor ecclesiasticus, temp. Hen. VIII, auctoritate regia institutus. 6 vols.
1810-34. •
Venetian Calendar ; see under Calendar.
WAITZ, Georg. Liibeck unter Jiirgen Wullenwever und die Europ.iische
Politik. 3 vols. Berlin, 1855-6.
W ILK INS, David ; see Concilia.
WILSON, H. A. Magdalen College. (Oxford University College Histories.)
1899.
WOOD, Anthony a. Fasti Oxonienses. Ed. Philip Bliss. 1815.
WORDSWORTH, Christopher. Cromwell, Earl of Essex. (Vol. ii of
Ecclesiastical Biography.) 1818.
WRIGHT, Thomas ; see Three chapters of letters.
WKIOTHESLEY, Charles, Windsor Herald. A chronicle of England,
1484-1559. Ed. William Douglas Hamilton. (Camden Soc.) 2 vols.
1875.
INDEX
[The figures in ordinary type refer to page numbers; those in
heavy type to letter numbers. Page numbers, save when preceded by
the Roman numeral ii, or when placed in parentheses after letter
numbers 135-351, refer to the first volume. Names of streets, build-
ings, and smaller localities are placed under the heading of the town
in which they are ; e.g. Stourbridge Fair under Cambridge ; Gray's Inn
under London.
Abbeville, 193.
Abingdon, Berks., a popish monk
of, 248.
Accountants to the Council of the
North, 284.
Act of Succession, see Succession,
Act of.
Adamson, John, Prior of Coxford,
1 68; letter to, 180.
Admiral, the, see Southampton,
Earl of.
Admiralty (' Amyralte '), the Judge
of the, 351.
Adriatic Sea, 260.
Aigues Mortes, 237-8.
Albany, John Stuart, Duke of, 27.
Albein, Hanze, see Holbein, Hans.
AlceterAbbey, Warwickshire, 1 68«.
Alcock, John, Mayor of Canter-
bury, 126-7.
Ale, Assize of, 3.
Alehouses, see Taverns.
Alemayn, see Germany.
Alen, see Allen.
Alexander VI, Pope, 229.
Allen, or Alen, Dr. John, Archbp.
of Dublin, 50, 149-52,8?.
Allen or Alen, John, Master of
the Rolls in Ireland, 149.
Allen or Aleyn, John, alderman
of London, 3.
Allen or Alen, Thomas, brother
of John, Archbishop of Dublin,
80 ; letter to, 47.
Almaine, see Germany.
Alva, Ferdinand Alvarez de
Toledo, Duke of, 340 (255).
Alvard, Thomas, 62, 68, 36.
Amicable Loan, 78, 80.
Amiens (' Amyans '), treaty belli
offensivi ratified at, 127-8.
Amos the Prophet, quoted, 68
(375-6).
Ampont, le Sieur d', 816.
Ampthill,Bedfordshire,HenryVIII
•* («53o)i 18 (333) ; letters dated
from, 203-5.
Andelot, Jean d', the Emperor's
Master of the Horse, 309.
Andrew, a ship called the, 90.
Androwe, William, of Great Ri-
borough, Norfolk, 246.
Anenyan, Peter van, 345.
Angouleme, Charles, Duke of,
third son of Francis I ; later
(1536) Duke of Orleans, 224-5,
236, 170, 838.
Angus (' Anguishe '), Archibald
Douglas, Earl of, 174.
Annates, Act of, 114, 133-4, 28.
Anne of Cleves, 244, 259, 261,
265, 285, 291, 296-9, 287,
309 (217), 323, 829, 348-9;
description of her, 261-2, 299;
her portrait by Holbein,
262 ; her arrival at Calais,
262 ; her journey from
Canterbury to Greenwich, 263 ;
Henry VIII's first impression of
her, 263 ; letter to her brother
INDEX
William, Duke of Clevcs, 298 ;
her divorce, 297-300.
Antwerp, 10, 24, 85, 140, 203.
305 (211-2); mention of letters
dated at, 64, 219, 21.
Appeals, Act of, 113-4.
Appowell, Thomas, of Calais, 90.
Ap-Rice, John, see Rice, John ap.
Aquila, William, Lord Bedber,
Count of, 200.
Archers, the King's, 293.
Arches, Court of, 105-6.
Ardren, John, 27.
Ardres, near Calais, 290.
Armouries, 288.
Armuyden (' Hannywe *), in Zea-
land, 74.
Arondell, Thomas, letter to, 7.
Arragosco, a poor man of, 7.
Arthur, Prince of Wales, eldest son
of Henry VII (died 1502), 298 n.
Articles, a book of, sent to the
Princess Mary to sign, 150.
Articles of Faith, the, in English,
150 (26), 273.
Articles, the Six, of 1539, 163,
247» 253-5, *59-6°. 264, 269,
276, 286-7, 3°6; Cranmer's
book against, 25, 255 n.
Articles, the Ten, of 1536, 130-1,
204, 234, 239, 150 (28-9).
Arundel, Sir Thomas, High
Bailiff of Salisbury, 318.
Ascugh. Sir Christopher, Gentle-
man Usher, letter to Cromwell,
1 86.
Aske, Robert, 189-93, 195,180 ;
hanged at York, 103.
Assher, see Esher.
Aste, , 256 n.
Athequa, George, Bishop of
Llandaff, Queen Katherine's
confessor, 228, 141.
Attainder, Acts or Bills of, 70,
210, 282, 295, 300*
Audience, Court of, 105-6.
Auditor to the Council of the
North, office of, 284.
Audley, Sir Thomas, Keeper of
the Great Seal, Speaker, Lord
High Chancellor, 18. 96, 120,
126, 186, 232, 36, 68, 65. 1O7,
250, 278, 207, 340-50 ; letter
from him and Cromwell to the
Bailiffs of Weymouth, 48 ; letter
from him and Cromwell to the
Mayor and Commonalty of
Cambridge, 106 ; letter from him
and Cromwell to Sir John
Russell and others, 100 ; letters
to, 53, 85.
Augmentations, Court of, 170-1.
Augsburg, 305.
Augsburg Confession, 247/7.
Auria, Andreas de, see Doria.
Austen, Nicholas, Abbot of
Rewley, Oxford, 168.
Austria, Archdukedom 0^37-9,42.
Austria, House of, 93.
Averey, John, 62.
Averey, Thomas, 60.
Avignon, 300 (219).
Aylesford, Kent, House of the
White Friars of, 280.
Aylmer, Richard, chief Serjeant
in the county of Kildare, 207.
Babington, Sir Anthony, 228.
Babington, John, son of Sir
Anthony, letter to, 228.
Babington, Sir John (' Maister
Babington '), 8.
Babington, Dame Katherine,
widow of Sir Anthony, 228.
Babington, Thomas, son and heir
of Sir Anthony, 228.
Balam, Sir Nicholas, priest, late
monk of Henton, 318.
Balbastro (' Barbastra'), in Spain,
letter received at, 222, 224.
Balliol College, see under Oxford.
Bamborough Castle, Northumber-
land, 210.
Bandello, Matteo, 5, 8, 10; pas-
sage from his 'Novelle,' 19-23.
Bantry fasagh or forest (' fassaghe
bentre *), in Ireland, 214.
Barbary, 305 (211-2), 3O6.
INDEX
321
Barbastra, see Balbastro.
Barcelona, in Spain, 340 ; letters
received at, 213, 229, 234, 238,
241, 244, 260.
Bareth, William, 52.
Barking, Essex, 63.
Barlow, William, afterwards
Bishop of St. Davids, 157, 152.
Barnaby, Thomas, courier, 240.
Barnes, parish of, i.
Barnes, Robert, English Ambassa-
doratHamburg, 222,226,258-9,
287-8, 300, 295 (188).
Barnwell, the town of, now part of
Cambridge, 206.
Barnwell, Patrick, 203.
Bartelet, Thomas, see Bartlett.
Bartholomew, Rouge Croix pur*
suivant, see Butler, Bartholomew.
Bartlett, Thomas, the King's
printer, 85.
Barton, Elizabeth (the Nun of
Kent, the Holy Maid, 'the
Ipocryte Nunne'), 118-20, 208,
52, 65, 68.
Bashe, Edward, deputy or clerk
to John Russell, in the Marches
of Wales, 282.
Bassas, or Pashas, viceroys of
Turkish provinces, 809.
Bath, Somerset, 167.
Battersea, 13, 18 (332).
Baumbach, Ludwig von, a Coun-
cillor of the Landgrave of Hesse,
256-9, 264-6, 286, 309(219),
310 ; report by him and Franz
Burckhard of their embassy to
England in 1539, 272-7;
account of his journey to Eng-
land in 1539—40, 277-80.
Bavaria, Duke Otto Henry of
(' Ottheinrich'), 269.
Bavaria, Duke Philip of ('den
pfalzgrauen '), 267-71, 279.
Bavaria, Dukes of, of the Pala-
tinate branch, mention of the
King's letter to, 64.
Bavaria, William, Elector of,
money lent to, by the King, 127.
Bawon, the new, see New Bawn.
Baxter (' Backster '), Robert, clerk
of the Common Bench, 96.
Bayly, John, Prior of Wenlock,
letters to, 72, 184.
Baynham, Bartholomew, a servant
of Cromwell, 67.
Baynham, Robert, of Calais, 67.
Baynton ('Benton'), Sir Richard,
297 ; Isabella, his wife, 297.
Beacons, 188, 252, 298 (197).
Bear-baiting on the Thames, 25,
255 »•
Beaucourt, le Sieur de, 328.
Beck, Edward, 205.
Becket, St. Thomas a, Archbishop
of Canterbury, printed life of, 1 76.
Bedford, county of, 6.
Bedford, Earl of, see Russell, Sir
John.
Bedgbury, near Gondhurst, Kent,
letter dated from, 272.
Beese, Sir Thomas, vicar of South-
stoke, Somersetshire, 191.
Beeston, Thomas, letter to, 45.
Begham, Kent, 2 ; letter dated
from, 2.
Bekwith, Leonard, 188, 347.
Bell, Alexander, 33O.
Bellay, John du, Bishop of
Bayonne, and later of Paris,
Cardinal, 18, 122.
Bellay, William du, Sieur de
Langey, brother of the preced-
ing, 113 (419).
Bellyssis, Richard, 51.
Belthrop, manor of, Yorkshire, 27.
Bembo, Pietro, Cardinal, 305.
Benton, see Baynton.
Beowulf, 125 n.
Berde, Richard, 295 (187), 300
(206), 309.
Berg, Duchy of, 245-7 »•» 297.
Berkeley Herons (' Barklay
hoornes '), Gloucestershire, letter
dated from, 112.
Berks., county of, 6.
Berners, John Bourchier,Lord,5i,
1 60.
MKRRIK.VN. II
INDEX
Berwick-on-Twecd, 347.
Beryer, Thomas, Warden of the
Grey Friars of Blots. 24.
Bcton, David, Abbot of Arbroath,
Cardinal, 1 59, 226.
Bettys, James, officer of the
Customs at Southampton, letter
to him and Richard Palshid,
181.
Beverley, 178.
Bible in English, 130-3, 266.
273.
Bigod, Sir Francis, 194-5, 205,
188-0.
Bilbao ('Bylbowe'). in Biscay,
Spain, letter addressed to, 1.
Birlington, see Bridlington.
Birmingham (' brymedgham '),
John, of Ireland, 213.
Biscay, 27, 1, 190.
Bishoprics, erection of new, 178;
right of presentation during va-
cancy of, 277.
Bishops (the ' Prelattes '), 97,
114-5, «66, 244, 305, 19;
committee of, 254 ; jurisdiction
of the, 1 1 5-6 ; Prohibitory Letter
to the, 115, 167.
Blacket, John, Vicar of Ilderton,
Northumberland, 334.
Blagg, Mr., 289.
Blakamore, Essex, 48.
Blechinden, William, 321.
Blois, Grey Friars of, 24.
Blood of Hailes, 174.
Blundell, Elizabeth, wife of
William, 327.
Blundell, William, of Cheshire,
327.
Bodenham or Bodman, Cecilia,
Abbess of Wilton, letter to,
115.
Bodyc, William, Cromwell's
servant, 62, 177 (45), 179; a
remembrance for him concerning
his journey into Ireland, 179.
Boleyn, Anne, Queen of England
('la dame'), 17, 64, 70-1, 82-3,
92, 98, 113-4, 117-8, 129-30,
M4, 151. '03. 217. 232-3 »-jo6.
13 ; account of her arrest, 147.
Boleyn, George, Viscount Roch-
ford, 72, 94; committed to the
Tower, 147.
Boleyn, Mary, 82.
Boleyn, Sir Thomas, see Wiltshire,
Earl of.
Bolle, Thadeus, courier. 145.
Bologna, 25, 75, 93, 216. 122
(427).
Bolt, Robert, 8.
Bonner, Edmund, Archdeacon of
Leicester, Bishop of Hereford.
Bishop of London, 73, 86,
281-3, 177-8, 247. 250, 253,
288, 297, 309 (217. 219). 317.
•351; letters to, 110. 293. 316;
letter to Sir Thomas Wyatt. Dr.
Haynes and him, 267 ; letter to
Dr. Haynes and him. 265.
Bonvell, Robert, merchant of
Paris, 62.
Bonvixi, Antonio, 281.
Book for the*solace and consola-
tion of Princes, 288.
Bordeaux, detention of English
ships at, 226, 126-8. 135.
Borgia, Caesar, 229.
Borough, Henry, letter to, 20.
Boston, Lincolnshire, 10, 24, 52,
174 «.; letter addressed to, 138.
Bothe, Lawrence, Bishop of
Durham, Archbishop of York,
18 (332).
Botolph, Sir Gregory, chaplain to
Lord Lisle, 346.
Boulogne (' Bolayn '), 39.
Bourbon, Charles, Duke of, 28,
79-
Bowen, , of Bristol, 190.
Bowes, Robert, 192.
Boxley Abbey, Kent, 174.
Boxworth, , alms-man of
Donington, 235.
Brabazon, William, Vice-Trea-
surer of Ireland, 51, 62, 152,
179, 214, 321; letters to, 12,
220.
INDEX
323
Bracton, Henry de, 122 n.
Bradley, Somerset, 342 (258).
Brancetour, Robert, an English-
man in the service of the
Emperor, 282-3, 253.
Brandenburg, Joachim, Elector of,
256-7, 209.
Brawne, John, 80.
Brereton, Roger, Sheriff of Flint-
shire, letter to him, 344 ; letter
to Sir William Sullyard and him,
277.
Brereton, William, of the Privy
Chamber, 147.
Brereton, Sir William, Lord
Deputy of Ireland, 154, 321.
Brest, in Brittany, 298 (196).
Breton pirates, 190.
Brian, Sir Francis (' the Vicar of
Hell'), 205, 235,126,137,147,
149 (16), 163-6, 281; letter to
Gardiner and him, 187 ; letter
to Gardiner, Thirleby and him,
258.
Bridlington (' Birlington ') Priory,
188 ; Prior of, see Wode.
Brighton, Sussex, 29 n.
Brion, Philip Chabot, Sieur de,
Admiral of France, Ambassador
to England, 224-5, 13e> 13® ;
letter to, 98.
Bristol, 19O.
Brittany (' Bretayn'), 39, 41, 154,
225.
Brocke, Edmond, 117.
Brockley (' Brokesley/ ' Brokleye '),
or West Greenwich, in Kent,
50-1.
Broke, Sir Richard, Lord Chief
Baron of the Exchequer, 7.
Brokesley or Brokley, in the parish
of Deptford, see Brockley, Kent.
Bromehill Priory, 9.
Bromham ('Brumham'), letters
dated from, 114, 122.
Browne, Sir Anthony, 260.
Browne, George, Provincial of
the Austin Friars, Archbishop of
Dublin, 152, 176, 52, 179.
Browne, Sir John. 162.
Browne, John, of Louth, Lincoln-
shire, 171.
Brussels, 251.
Bruton Abbey, Somerset, 35 ;
Abbot of, see Elya.
Brutus, or Brute, King of Britain,
67.
Bryges, John, 126-8, 148.
' Brymedgham,' see Birmingham.
Buckingham, county of, 6, 8.
Bulkeley, Katherine, Abbess of
Godstow, 177.
Bulmer, Sir John, 188-9.
Burbank, William, 48.
Burbek, Robert, of Great Ri-
borough, Norfolk, 246, 267.
Burckhard, Franz ('Burgartus'),
Vice-Chancellor of Saxony, 239,
244, 249-50, 256-9, 261, 265,
278-9, 287, 295. 299. 30O.
309 (219), 31O ; report by him
and Ludwig von Baumbach of
their Embassy to England in
1539. 272-7.
Burges, John, President Elect of
MagdalenCollege.Oxford ( 1 5 2 7 ),
16.
Burgundy (' Burgoyn '), 340.
Burgundians (' bourgoynons '),
army of the, 193.
Burton, Henry, letter to, 96.
Bury St. Edmund's, see St. Ed-
mund's Bury.
Butler family, 147, 153.
Butler, Bartholomew, Rouge
Croix pursuivant, 193, 222. 229.
Butler, Edmund, Archbishop of
Cashel, 214.
Butler, Lord James, son of the
Earl of Ossory, 208, 213-4, 220,
225.
Butler, John, Archbishop Cran-
mer's Commissary at Calais, 162-
3, 812, 314.
Butler, Lady Katherine, widow,
214.
Butler, Richard, brother of Lord
James Butler, 214.
Y 2
INDEX
Butler, Sir Thomas, letter to, 167.
Butrye, Maister. 3.
Buttcs, Maister, 97.
Button, William, Cromwell's
servant, 283.
' Byckeling/ manor of, 9.
By got t. John, a murderer, 77.
Byland, Abbot of, see Ledes.
• Byrd/ see Bcrde.
Byrde, William, clerk, 335.
Byrton, Mr., 6.
' Byryn,' see O'Connor, Brian.
Caistor, Lincolnshire, 185.
Calais, 29 ».. 102, 140, 147, 205,
235> 25*» 29°< 44. 55- 8°> 82>
84, 93, 99. 143, 26O, 263,
268, 272, 292, 297-8 (198),
314, 32O, 343, 345; account
of the government of, 160-4;
letters Addressed to, 44, 55,
57. 60, 82, 84, 86, 93, 99,
140, 155, 157, 192, 194-5,
209, 245, 254, 260, 263,
268-9, 271-2, 312-5, 322,
331, 333; the Surveyor of, see
Lelegrave, William; Lord De-
puty of, see Lisle ; Mayor
of, see Whethel; letter to the
Mayor, Bailiffs, &c. of Dover
and Calais, 183 ; the King's
house called the Exchequer at,
322; letter to the Council of,
312.
Caldwall. Nicholas, 82.
Caltield, Humfrey, deputy to John
Russell, in the Marches of
Wales, 282.
Calwich Priory (' Calliche,' ' Col-
wyche'), Staffordshire, 22, 43.
Cambray, 205, 189, 297; Dean
of, 251 ; treaty of, 81, 214.
Cambridge, 52-3, 142, 145,
13, 19; the Tolbothe prison,
116. 124, 129; St. Mary's
church, 129; Stourbridge Fair,
106, 116, 129; letters to the
Mayor, Bailiffs, &c. of, 142,
106, 116, 124, 129, 186, 206 ;
Cromwell's scholars at, 53, 13.
19 ; University of, 13, 106. 116,
124, 129, 169 (27), 186, 2O6.
Camerik, see Cambray.
Camerino, Dukedom of, 243, 286
(169-70, 172).
Campion, Edward, Clerk of the
Peace in Essex, 102.
Camps, Park, Baillywick and town
of, Cambridgeshire, 119.
Canaples, Jean de Cre'quy, Sieur
de, 193.
Canbery, manor of, Middlesex,
60-1, 299 ». ; letters dated from,
75, 81, 82.
Canewood and Canefields, Essex,
farm of, 89.
Canterbury, 120, 262; letter to
the Mayor, Sheriffs and com-
monalty of, 148 ; Archbp. of,
see Cranmer, Kempe, Morton,
Warham ; Convocation of, 95 ;
election of burgesses from, 126—
8 ; Prerogative Court of, 14 ; See
of, i.
Capon alias Salcot, John, Bishop
of Salisbury, letter to, 346.
Captain of the Guard, 293.
Carbot, Dr., a kinsman of Crom-
well, 17, 19.
Cardinal's College, see under Ox-
ford.
Carew, mention of a letter dated
at, 141.
Carew, Francis, 96.
Carew, Lady, 96.
Carlingford, in the county of
Louth, Ireland, 204, 211.
Carlisle, 347.
Carlow Castle (' Caterlaugh'),220,
225.
Carnaby, Sir Reynold, 227.
Came, Sir Edward (' Kerne \
Ambassador, 299, 291 (182),
295 (187), 301.
Carpenter, Richard, 342 (258).
Carpentras, in Provence, an.
Carthusian monks, execution of,
116, 118, 121.
INDEX
Casale, Sir Gregory da, letters to,
100-1, 122.
Castellcurr, in the county of Tip-
perary, 22O.
Castelnau, Antoine de, Bishop
of Tarbes, French envoy to
England, 244 (123-4).
Castillon, Louis de Perreau, Sieur
de, French Ambassador to Eng-
land, 208-9, 235-6, 251-2, 290,
244 (124), 258, 271, 288, 291
(181), 293; letter to, 56.
Castledermot('Thistleldormont'),
in the county of Kildare, 220.
'Castro Novo/or Castelnovo, 309.
' Caterlaugh,' see Carlow.
Catholicism, Catholick Faith, the
Old Faith, 88, 92, 104, 182-3,
254, 267, 301, 303, 305-6.
Catholic League, 245.
Cavendish family, 307.
Cavendish, George, 13, 64-5, 67,
69, 73-4, 3°5-
Cavendish, Richard, 110, 177.
Cavendish, William, letter to Dr.
Legh and him, 278.
Chabot, Philip, Sieur de Brion,
see Brion.
Chalcott, Walter, Sergeant-at-
arms, 235.
Chalke, the farm of, Wilts., 115.
Chamberlain, the Lord,see Sandes.
Chambers, Geoffrey, 10, 24, 174.
Champneys, Henry, 318.
Chancery, Court of, 114.
Channel, the English, 141, 178—9.
Chanseler, Margaret, 117.
Chantilly, 309 (218).
Chapuys, Eustace, Imperial Am-
bassador in England, 3, 7-12,
75-6, 84, 86, 91-2, 94-5, 98,
115, 120, 129, 135, 137, 144,
M9-5I, 155, 167 »., 172, 186,
188, 216-7, 219, 222-5, 228-
33 »., 251, 295 »., 131, 145, 149
(16), 193, 213, 229, 265, 291,
296-8, 301 (208); letters to,
117, 121, 158 ; passage from his
letter to Granvelle, 5, 17.
Charles V, Kingof Spain, Emperor,
28, 31, 33-5, 39, 42, 77, 79-81,
93-4, 135, MO, MS, 150-1, 161,
205, 210-1, 2i4*-7, 219, 221,
223-38, 240, 242-3, 245-50,
252-4, 256-7, 259-61, 266-7,
269-70, 273, 285, 290, 300, 306,
18 (333), 10, 21 (339), 30,
45, 56, 64-5, 117. 121, 136.
145. 149, 158, 188 (58), 189.
222-4, 226, 229, 234. 238.
243 (iii), 244 (123-5), 261,
265, 276, 281, 285-6 (170),
288-9, 291 (180-1). 293-5
(188-9), 296-7, 299-30O
(205), 301, 305-6, 309 (217-
8), 310 (221), 338, 34O, 343,
345, 349 (2 70); attitude towards
England changed by the death of
Katherine, 229-33; at war with
France, 233-4; at Paris with
Francis I, 281-4; death of his
second son, 18 (333).
Charles the Bold, Duke of Bur-
gundy (died 1477), 245-
Charles, Duke of Orleans (1536),
youngest son of Francis I, see
AngoulSme.
Charterhouse (' Charthuse '), the
Proctor of the, see Wayte, Wil-
liam.
Charterhouse Henton, see Hinton
Charterhouse.
Chauffer, Richard, alderman of
Calais, 15.
Chekyng, John, 53, 54.
Chelsea, letters dated from, 76.
265, 267-9.
Cheshunt, Herts, 14.
Chester or Westchester, 143. 321 ;
Bishop of, set Lee, Rowland.
Chester, County Palatine of, 29 //.,
22.
Chesterfield, Derbyshire, the Bailiff
of, 76.
Cheyney, Sir Thomas, 293.
Chichester, Diocese of, 117.
Chievres,WilliamdeCroy,Lord,42.
Christian II, the deposed King
INDKX
of Denmark, broihcr-in-law of
Charles V, 295 (188).
t'hri>tian III. Duke of Holstein,
King of Denmark, 221-2, 258,
279. 287, 110, 296 (188), 296.
Clarencieux king-at-arms, set
Ha\\ley, Thomas.
Claymond. John, President of
Corpus Chrisli College, Oxford,
letter to him and Dr. John Lon-
don. 104.
Clement VII, Pope, 79, 92, 113,
122, 129, 134, 215-9, 224,306,
9, 18. 30, 66, 113, 238; the
captive of the Emperor, 80 ; his
death, 223.
Clere, Alice, daughter of Sir Wil-
liam Boleyn, second wife of Sir
Robert Clere (' jour susfcr '), 5.
Clere, Sir Robert, 5.
Clere, William, son of Sir Robert, 5.
Clergy, the, 64, 91, 98-9, 102,
105, 134-5. 1 66, 305, 236, 275 ;
position of, in 1530, &c., 93-7;
' Boke ayenst,' 104-1, 125;
Injunctions to, in 1 536 and 1538,
141-2. 169, 266. 273. 275 ; see
also Ordinaries.
Clerk, Sir John, letter to him and
others. 162.
Cleves, Duchy of, 245, 247, 259.
26i.297; alliance with, 248—50,
256, 259, 268, 271, 285, 290-2.
300 (206) ; Amelia of. youngest
daughter of Duke John, 262 ;
John, Duke of, 244-5 ; Sibylla
of, eldest daughter of John.
Duke of, 246-7, 297 (194);
William, Duke of, 244-7, 250,
259-61, 266, 285. 291-2, 299,
287. 295. 297. 299-3OO (206).
310(22i). 323-4.338,346.350
(275); letter to him from his
Bister Anne, 298 ; set also undtr
Anne.
Claybrock. William, letter to, 11.
Clon, ste Clun.
Clonmcll. parsonage of, in the
county of Tipperary, Ireland, 214.
Clun. Shropshire, parsonage *of,
184
Cobham. Anne. Lady, daughter of
Edmund. Lord Brave. 79.
Cobham. George Brooke. Lord,
letters to. 79, 251.
Cognac. League of, 80.
Coin, 37-8, 123, 135-6. 107.270.
Coke, see Cooke.
Colchester, Essex, Abbey of St.
John, 278.
Colcokc. Elizabeth, widow (1533),
68.
' Coley, Old,' see Cowley, Robert.
Collyns, Thomas, Prior of Tre-
wardreth. Cornwall, letter to. 103.
Cologne, 19, 309-10 (221).
Colsell. Friar John, 112.
Colwyche Priory, see Calwich.
Comin, Nicholas, Bishop of
Waterford, 214.
Commandments, the Ten, in
English, 159 (26). 273.
Commons, House of, see Parlia-
ment
Compton, John, of Yeovil, Somer-
setshire, 336.
Compton (* Conton'), Sir William,
18.
Constable, Sir John, Sheriff of
Yorkshire, letter to, 69.
Constable, Sir Robert. 188-9.
227 ; hanged at Hull, 193.
Contarini, Caspar, Cardinal. 211.
' Contestabile. II,' = Thomas
Cromwell, 20—3.
Convocation, 93-5, 97. 113. 131,
133. '44. 298, 305, 68 (379),
159 (28-9).
Conyers, Christopher, Lord, 8.
Cook alias Farringdon, Hugh,
Abbot of Reading, 87, 175,
248 (129. 131).
Cooke, John. 61.
Cooper, Nicholas, Vicar of Che»-
hunt, 14.
Coote«, see Cotes.
Copingar, William, Sheriff of
London, 126 n.
INDEX
827
Corn, illegal export of, 123 »., 125.
262.
Cornelius, a Friar Observant, 52.
Cornelys, see Hayes, Cornelius.
Cornewallys, Sir John, 297.
Cornibus, Peter de, D.D., a Fran-
ciscan friar, at Paris, 288 (177).
Cornforth, William, a murderer,??.
Cornwall, 142, 208, 237.
Cornwallis (' Cornwales '), ,
157.
' Cortigiano,' the, 86.
Cotes or Cootes, George, Master
of Balliol College, 143 n., 325-6.
Council, Proposed General, 206,
216, 218, 227, 234, 239, 18
(333), 137, 149, 218 (89), 222.
234, 244(124), 261.
Council of the North, see England.
Coursers, the King's, 26.
Courtenay, see Exeter, Henry,
Marquis of.
Cousin. Jean, 281.
Coventry and Lichfield, Bishop
of, see Lee, Rowland ; Bishopric
of, 22.
Coverdale, Miles, 52, 131-2.
Cowley, Robert ('Old Coley '),
clerk to the Crown of Chancery
in Ireland, 198.
Cowley, Walter, 214.
Cowplaunde, William, 12 [?], 63.
Coxford, Prior of, see Adamson.
Cramp-rings, 146, 185.
Cranach. Lucas, the Elector of
Saxony's painter, 299.
Crane, Mr., letter to, 142.
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop
of Canterbury, i, 113, 119, 121,
132, 161-3, 182, 186, 263, 29.-.
52, 106. 250, 307, 349-60;
his book against the Six Articles,
25, 255 n. ; letters to, 66, 71, 275.
Cratzer, Nicolas, astronomer, 288.
Crede, John, 120.
Creed, the, in English, 273.
Creke, John, 27 ; letter to, 1.
4 Cremonello, Tomaso,' = Crom-
well, Thomas, 20, 22.
' Cremuel, Maistre,' = Cromwell,
Thomas, 17, 18.
Cr£py, the Peace of, 214.
Creutziger, Caspar, 807.
Croke, John, 58 »., 60 »., 63 n., 6.
Cromwell, Anne, 54. 58-9 »., 63 n.
Cromwell, Elizabeth (Thomas
Cromwell's wife), 12, 53, 55;
letter to, 2.
Cromwell, Elizabeth (Thomas
Cromwell's sister), see Welly-
fed, Elizabeth.
Cromwell,Grace,54, 59-6o».,63».
Cromwell, Gregory, son of
Thomas Cromwell (died 1557),
5. 12, 53-4, 56-61, 63, 145,
262, 301, 35O (274).
Cromwell, Henry, Baron Crom-
well, 301 n.
Cromwell, John, 2, 3, 13, 17/1.
Cromwell, Katherine (Thomas
Cromwell's sister), see Williams,
Katherine.
Cromwell, Oliver, 55, 168 n.
Cromwell, Ralph, 3.
Cromwell, Sir Richard, originally
Richard Williams, 54-5, 59, 61,
168 ;/., 186-7. 256, 296.
Cromwell, Robert, Vicar of Batter-
sea, 13.
Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex,
traditional accounts of his early
life, 5, 17-26; theories of Mr.
John Phillips about him, 6-8 ;
probably not identical with
Thomas Smyth, 8 ; probable
date of his birth, 9; stories of
his Italian adventures, 10; ex-
periences in the Low Countries
and return to England, 1 1-2 ;
his marriage and family, 11-2,
52-63, 145, 301, 2, 10, 46;
his steward and his steward's
wife, 299 ; early occupations,
and origin of his connexion with
Wolsey, 10-6; his early friends
and acquaintances, 14-6, 51-2,
56-63, 73, 1, 4, 12, 20; his
opinion of the Parliament of
INDEX
'5*3. 27- 1; his speech there,
30-44; summary view of his
foreign policy as expressed
therein, 44-6; employed by
Wolsey to suppress the smaller
monasteries, and to superintend
the buildings at Oxford and
Ipswich, 48-51, 6-9; his will.
54-63 ; his treatment of Wolsc-y
at the time of the latter's dis-
grace, 65, 70-5, 11, 18-9;
election to the Parliament of
1529, and his policy there, 67-
70; introduction to the King,
25-6. 75"6 i 92 ; to what extent
was he the originator of Eng-
land's policy from 1530 to his
fall? 89-92, 1 1 2-3, 147-8,
156-7, 1 60, 213-5; his policy,
internal and foreign, contrasted
with Wolsey's, 81, 103, 197-8,
214-5, 231 ; attacks the clergy
and bishops with Henry, 93-7,
104-1, 114-6; his relation to
the Reformation in England, 88,
97. i3<>-3» 265-6, 286, 301,
306, 309 ; his dealings with
Tyndale, 99-102, 21; minor
internal reforms, and early ser-
vices to Henry VIII, 102-3,
141-2, 22-5, 29-32. 35-6, 39-
45, 59, 62, 69, 76, 88, 111.
144, 172, 344, 347 ; dominant
note of his internal policy, 112-
3, 164 ; measures to destroy
the papal authority in England,
and to defend the Royal Supre-
macy in Church and State, 98-
102, 113-25, 129-35, 165-6,
100-1, 107, 113, 122, 179, 194,
197 ; his spy-system, and treat-
ment of heretics, traitors and
minor criminals, 98-9, 116-8,
62, 64, 65, 76-7, 81, 88, 91,
96. 102-3, 106. 108. 112. 119,
138, 141, 143, 162, 168, 170,
191, 194. 203. 228, 231, 236,
246, 251-2, 262, 267, 270,
272. 274, 279, 297-8. 318,
327. 329. 337. 342. 344 ; treat-
ment of More and Fisher, 118-
22, 68, 71; his interference in
parliamentary elections. 125-9,
253- 308,148, 298. 303; legal
and financial measures, 133-8,
1 66, 179; economic and com-
mercial policy, dealinps with
pirates, 138-41, 67, 74. 82.
85, 90, 107, 125, 158, 190,
213, 262. 271. 316-7. 319,
328, 361 ; zeal for the advance-
ment of learning, and relations
with Oxford and Cambridge,
142-3, 92, 104, 106, 116. 124,
129, 186, 2O6, 326-6; efforts
to avoid gratuitous innovations,
115, 128, 197-8; his dealings
with Ireland, 147-8, 154-5. 179,
196. 198-205. 2O7-8. 211-2,
214-6. 220-1. 225. 232-3.
321; management of Wales,
155-6, 282; attitude towards
Scotland, 34, 43, 46, 156-7,
159-60, 38, 185, 330 ; dealings
with Calais, and Lord Lisle,
160-4, *4> 65. 60, 84. 86, 99,
167, 192, 194-5. 209. 254.
260, 263, 268-9. 292, 312-5,
322, 331, 333; commissioned
to visit the monasteries. 166;
destruction of relics and images,
174-5; dealings with the minor
clergy and monks, 165-71, 26,
30, 36, 37, 39. 52. 54. 59. 61,
65. 68. 71. 73. 76. 78. 94. 103,
109, 112, 114-5, 132. 134. 138.
141, 154. 169. 161, 163-4. 176.
180. 191. 194, 197, 236. 248-
9, 259, 264. 266. 273. 276,
278. 311. 329, 337 ; immediate
and ultimate results of his sup-
pression of the monasteries,
178-9, 307; discontent at iiis
measures and popular hatred of,
50-1, 91, 98-9, 116-7, 126-7,
135, 141, 149-50. 153- ' 55-6.
172-3, 180-5, 189, 195; ap-
parent inactivity during the I'il-
INDEX
829
grimage of Grace. 187 ; tells the
English ambassadors on the
Continent of the suppression of
the revolt, 193, 174, 189, 193;
his plans for the reorganization
of the North, 197-200, 188,
219, 227, 284; personal rela-
tions with his rivals, Norfolk
and Gardiner, 67-9, 82-4, 129,
150-1, 187, 190-1, 195-6, 198-
200, 284-8, 9, 23, 28, 70, 153.
156, 226, 255 ; dealings with
Cardinal Pole, 86-7, 204-7,
210-1, 133, 187, 216-8; at-
tacks on the Courtenays and
the Poles, 207-10, 281, 307 ;
interviews with Chapuys, and
treatment of Katherine and
Mary, 216-7. 223, 228-31,
117, 121, 15O ; relations with
the Lutherans. 219, 226, 239-
40, 256-9, 264-6, 64, 66, 110,
113, 177-8, 3OO, 31O; ap-
proaches the Italian princes,
243, 286 ; his leaning towards
an imperial alliance, 231, 236;
difference between his foreign
policy and that of the King,
231-2, 237-8, 240, 248, 270-1 ;
quarrels with Henry, 101, 153,
232, 236 ; relations with the
Duke of Cleves, 244, 247-50,
261-2, 287, 295, 299, 323-4;
attitude on the attempted Ba-
varian alliance, 268, 270-1;
prepares the realm for defence,
251-2, 288, 298; alternate
hope and fear before his arrest,-
288-92 ; his arrest, 292-3 ;
false charges on which he was
attainted, 293-6, 348 ; gives in-
formation about the Cleves mar-
riage, 297-9, 349-50; prayer
and speech on the scaffold, 301-
4 ; execution, 302 ; his character,
27, 85-8; his personal appear-
ance, 84; his closeness and
rapacity, 50, 53-4, 152-3, 168,
*74-5' !68, 180; his legal busi-
ness, and intimate knowledge
of the law, 11-5, 47, 49. 52,
73-4, 102-3, 122-4, 137, 3, 7.
107 ; his wealth, rapid rise, and
power, 15-6, 47, 51, 54-63,
85-6, 128-9, M4-6, 27, 37.
47, 49 ; his titles and prefer-
ments, 143, 290, and ii. 283-4 ;
his patronage. 47, 51, 71-2.
145-6, 17, 19. 33-4. 46, 50-1.
61, 70, 72, 78-9. 95. 115. 16O.
184, 237, 256, 29O, 346 ; his
'remembrances,' 102-3; his
itinerary, ii. 279-82.
Cromwell, Thomas, fourth Baron
Cromwell, Earl Ardglass, 301 n.
Cromwell alias Smyth, Walter, i-
5, 8-9, 13.
Cromwell, William. 2.
Cronica Cronicarum, 85.
Crowle, Worcestershire, 117; the
vicar of, see Pratt, James.
Crowther, Thomas, 184.
Cumberland, county of, 2p«., 196,
198, 188.
Cumberland, Henry Clifford,
Earl of, 200 ; letter to, 105.
Curates, see Clergy.
Curson, , 22. 43.
Curwen, Richard, King's chap-
lain, 98.
Customs, officers of the, letter to,
62.
Dacre, William, Lord, Warden of
the West Marches, letters from
him to the King received out of
the North. 52.
Damplip, Adam, a preacher at
Calais, 'the precher,' 162-3,
268, 312, 314.
Dampont, Monsieur de, see Am-
pont, le Sieur d'.
Danyell, Joan, 117.
Darcy.Thomas, Lord, of Temple-
hurst, 188-9, i9f-2, 195. 188-
9, 227 ; executed on Tower
Hill, 193.
Davis, Richard, 335.
INDIA
Dawes, Edward, a clerk for the
works at Dover. 172.
Deaken. Richard, friar of North-
ampton, 311.
Deeps (' dyppes '). the, in Ireland,
214.
Delaware, Thomas West. Lord,
20*.
Delingcourt, Thomas, a smith of
Calais, 272.
Denmark, 220-1, 66. 177-8.
205 ( 1 88) ; King of, see Christian.
Deny. Anthony, 177.
Denys, Sir Thomas, 122.
Deptford, Kent, 50.
Derby, Edward Stanley, Earl of,
167.
Deriknockane Castle, beside
Limerick, 215.
Derknall, Robert, 126-8. 148.
Deny, Bishop of, see O'Donnel.
Desmond family, 149.
Desmond, James Fitzjohn Fitz-
gerald, ' pretended ' Earl of. 203.
232, 298 ; letter to the Kin-.
20O ; his father and grandfather,
200.
Devonshire. 142.
Deythyke, John, priest, 148.
Dieppe, governors of the town of,
7 ; merchants of, 297 ; Jehan
Ango, Viscount of, 271.
Dingley, Dr. Roger, letter to, 210.
Dingley('Digneley'), Sir Thomas.
222. 224, 229.
Dispensations, 134.
Divorce, the (Henry's ' grete
matter,' the King's ' great cause
of Matrymony'). 77, 81-4, 89.
91-4, 98, 103, 113, 130, 176.
180, 202-3. 214-5, 217-8, 223.
227. 298, 306. 65. 66, 100, 1O1:
a book against, 1 76, 800(205).
Dobson. William, a murderer. 77.
Doby, David, 6-7.
Dodneshe Priory, Suffolk, 7.
Doncaster, Yorkshire, 190, 192.
176.
Donington. manor of, near New-
bury, Berkshire, 111 ; an alms-
man of the hospital there, see
Box worth.
Doraunt. John, of Kctismer.
escheator in the counties of
Northampton and Rutland, let-
ter to, 230.
Doria, Andrea. 309.
Dorset, Cecily, Marchioness of,
1 5 ; letter to, 4.
Dorset, Thomas Grey, Marquis of,
14-5. 54. 59 »-. *•
Douglas. Margaret, the King's
niece, 145.
Dover. 144. 155. 160. 272. 343.
349-60; letter dated from. 156 ;
letter to the Mayor, Bailiffs. &c.
of, 183 ; Master of the Maison
Dieu at, see Thompson. John;
Priory of St Rhadegund in, i ;
Priory of St. Mary and St. Martin
at, 169.
Drogheda (' Drodagh *), 1 5 1 . 200.
' Dromme,' the, of Calais, 209.
Drury, Sir Robert, 117.
Dublin, 148, 150-1, 214; letter
addressed to. 179 ; Archbishop
of, see Allen and Browne.
' Duczlant,' see Germany.
Dudley. Edmond. 126 n.
Dudley, Edward, 321.
Dudley, Sir John, 234, 224. 244
(125).
Dudley, Prior of. see Webley.
Dunham, Sir John, 69.
Dunkirk, meeting of English and
Imperial ambassadors at, 29.
Dunstable, Bedfordshire, 113;
letter dated from, 2O2.
Durham (' Duresme '), Bishop of,
see Tunstal!.
Durham, county and bishopric of,
29 »., 198, 77.
Durham, mint in, 51 ; Wolsey's
' Fynours ' or refiners of, 8. Z.
Dune, Andrew, Abbot of Melrose,
297.
Dutton, Sir Piers, Sheriff of
Cheshire, letter to, 143.
INDEX
331
• Dyppes,' see Deeps.
Earl Marshal, office of, granted to
the Duke of Norfolk (1533), 42.
Eastbourne, Sussex, 117.
Easthampstead, Berkshire, letter
dated from, 195.
East Sheen, see Sheen.
Edward III, King of England, 77.
Edward IV, King of England, 209.
Edward, Prince, afterwards Ed-
ward VI, 303, 226, 238, 281,
288, 348 ; announcement of his
birth, 223-4.
Edward, Davys, monk of Yawdy
Abbey, Lincolnshire, 54.
Egyptians, see Gipsies.
Elizabeth, Princess, afterwards
Queen, 114, 225, 233/7., 153
(21), 238, 281.
Ellerker, Sir Ralph, 192; letter
to, 27.
Elston or Elstowe , Warden
of the Friars Minors at Green-
wich, 98.
Elsyn alias Palmer, Richard, Prior
of Spalding, 176.
Eltham, Kent, letters dated from,
37, 135.
Ely, Bishop of, see West.
Elya, John, Abbot of Bruton,
Somerset, 35.
Elyot, George, mercer, 1 1 .
Elyot, Sir Thomas, 101.
Empson, Thomas, 1 1 .
England, 10, 12-3, 16, 20, 25,
28, 45-6, 75, 80, 82, 87, 92-3,
99-101, 103, 122, 147-9. !53»'
156-60, 162-4, 1 66, 178-9, 182,
190,196, 198,202-4,206-7,210,
242-3, 248, 250-2. 257-61,
264, 266-7, 270-1, 281, 2^4-5,
287, 291, 299, 306, 308, 21
(336), 90, 113 (419), 17* (4i),
218 (00), 286 (172), 287, 206.
329,351 ; condition of England
at Wolsey's death, 77-8, 84 ;
insular position of, 77, 214, 229,
266 ; changes in (1530-40),
89 ; domestic administration of
(1532-40), II2 ; events in (April
to June, 1 539), 253-5 5 threatened
expedition against (1539), 251,
256, 270 ; foreign affairs of, 153,
1 86, 205,213-41; defences and
fortifications in, 2 5 1 ; west marches
of, 159; northern counties, bor-
ders and marches of, 1 56-9, 182,
184, 186, 188, 196-200; re-
bellion in the North (1536), see
Pilgrimage of Grace ; Council of
the North in, 198-200, 242,219,
297 ; letters to this Council, 227,
284, see also under Holgate and
Tunstall.
English trade, commerce and ship-
ping, 1 36, 1 38-4 1 ; ships arrested
or detained, 222, 226, 293-4.
Erasmus, Desiderius, his transla-
tion of the New Testament, 23 ;
his ' Enchiridion ' [?], 310.
Esher, 64-5, 69, 72,226.
Essex, county of, 102.
Essex, Henry Bourchier, Earl of,
349, 351.
Estampes, Anne de Pisseleu, wife
of the Duke d', 338.
Etruria, two lawyers out of,
10O-1.
Evangelical princes [of Germany],
30O (204-5).
Evers, Sir Ralph, the younger,
Keeper of Scarborough Castle,
194; letter to, 169.
Evers, Sir William, 200.
Evesham, Worcestershire, 270.
Ewelme, manor of, Oxfordshire,
111.
Exeter, Bishop of, see Voysey;
Dean of, see Heynes.
Exeter, Gertrude, Marchioness of,
daughter of William Blount,
Lord Mountjoy, 208-10, 3O7.
Exeter, Henry Courtenay, Marquis
of, 208-9, 253, 281, 283.
Fairfax, Thomas, serjeant-at-law,
227.
3:v:
INDEX
Falicri, Ludovico, Venetian am-
bassador, 83.
Farley Priory, Wilts., 167.
Farnese, Alexander, Cardinal,
340.
Farnham, Surrey, letters dated
from, 316-7.
4 Fassaghe Bentre,' j«Bantry forest.
Favour. , shipmaster of New-
castle, 316.
Felixstowe Priory, 9.
4 Feneux,' set Fyneux.
Ferdinand, brother of Charles V,
King of the Romans, afterwards
Emperor, 247 »., 267, 64, 238,
34O.
Fennour, Richard, merchant of
London, 281.
Ferrall, William, 117.
Ferrara, 122 (427).
Ferrara, Hercules d'Este, Duke
of, 243, 286 (170, 172-3).
Fetyplace, Edward, Keeper of
Donington Hospital, Berkshire,
111.
First Fruits of Benefices, no, 133.
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester
('the Cardinall of S*. Vitale'),
118—22, 142, 162, 166, 227,
71, 113(417), 122, 300(205);
letter to, 68 ; mention of a letter
received from him, 68 ; his
brother, 68.
Fitzgerald family, 147.
Fitzgerald, Gerald, ninth Earl of
Kildare, 147-51.
Fitzgerald, Gerald, younger son
of Gerald, ninth Earl of Kil-
dare, 153-4, 203, 207 (193).
Fitzgerald, Lord Thomas, eldest
son of Gerald, ninth Earl of
Kildare, 149, 170 (47-8).
Fitzherbert, Mr., 43.
Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, 107,
228 ; letter to him and Walter
Luke, Esq., 40.
Fitz-James, Sir John, Lord Chief
Justice of the King's Bench,
123-4, 107; letter to, 36.
Fitz-James, Nicholas, letter to him
and four others, 342.
Fitzmaurice, James ('the young
man'). 200. 203. 232 ; his father
and grandfather, 2OO.
Fitz-William, William, Sheriff of
London, 1 26 n.
Flanders, 10, 17, 140. 189, 233,
256, 274, 66, 177. 187. 216-7.
276, 281 (161, 163), 287-8,
204-6, 208 (196, 198), 3O4.
3O7-0. 338 (252), 348 ; see also
Netherlands.
Flemyng, John, of Crofton, York-
shire, 3.
Flintshire, 277.
Florence ('Firenze'), 10,19-23.26.
Florentines, 18 (333).
Folkestone Prior}*, 169.
Kontainebleau, 103.
Forest, Mr., 68.
Forests on this side Trent, Justice-
ship of the King's, granted to
the Duke of Suffolk for life
(1533), 42.
Fountains, Abbot of, see Thir>ke.
Fowey, town of, Cornwall, 103.
Fowler, Robert, 66.
1 Fowlkers/ or Fuggers, 3O8.
Foxe, Edward, Bishop of Here-
ford, English Ambassador to the
Lutheran princes, 227, 114, 137,
260, 260.
Foxe, John, 5, 7-11, 75, 255,
300-2 ; passages from his Eccle-
siastical History, 23-6, 303-4.
Fox ley, , check clerk for the
works at Dover, 172.
France, 13, 20, 28-31, 34, 37,
39-41, 43-6, 79-82, 84, 158,
160, 162-3, 205, 211, 214-5.
217, 219, 222-7, 23!, 233-8,
241-2, 248-9, 251-3, 255-6,
260-1, 264, 269-71, 274. 2-
290, 295 »., 299, 113 (416, :
183, 287-8, 203, 207. 306,
300 (218), 316, 331, 338. 351 ;
Royal Inquisition in, 132-3.
Francis I, King of France, 9 «., 28,
INDEX
3'. 34, S^-T. 41-3, 77-81, 158-
61, 205, 210-11, 214-9, 223-6,
229-31, 233-8, 242, 248, 252-4,
257, 260-1, 266, 269-70, 281-5,
290, 292, 299, 300, 24, 27, 56,
98, 113 (416-20), 126-7, 136-7,
139, 146, 149, 151, 153 (21),
170, 174 (41), 189, 193, 222.
226, 229 (104), 238, 244 (123-
5), 288, 291 (181), 293, 300
(205), 306 (212), 309, 316-7,
328, 338, 340, 349 (270), 351 ;
tries to mediate for Henry with
the Pope, 218; sends envoys to
England in 1534 and 1535,
223-6; at war with Charles V,
233-4 ; reconciliation with
the Emperor, 237 ; entertains
Charles V at Paris, 281-4 ; forti-
fies Ardres, 290; joy at Crom-
well's arrest, 299-300.
Francis, Dauphin of France, eldest
son of Francis I (died i536),224.
Francis (' Fraunces,' ' Francisco '),
a courier, 182, 187, 238, 250,
261, 235, 289.
Frankfort, 256-7, 261, 272, 274,
299, 300 (202, 205), 307, 309-
10 (219, 221).
Frederic the Wise, see Saxon}-,
Frederic III, Elector of.
Frederick I, King of Denmark
(died 1533), 220.
Freigne, Piers, 214.
French hoods, the fashion for
ladies in England (1540), 263 n.
Frescobaldi, Francesco, 9, 19-23.
Friars, 98, 116, 176-7, 305,52,
112, 216, 268, 297, 311; two
strange friars of the Order of
Observants, 65.
Frith, John, 21 (338).
Fuggers, see ' Fowlkers.'
Fulke, Richard, 117.
Furber, William, clerk, 335.
Furness Abbey, Lancashire, 173;
Abbot of, see Pyle.
Furstemburg, Count William a,
299.
Fynchingbroke, monastery of, 48.
Fyndern, , 22, 43.
Fyneux, Elizabeth, widow of Sir
John, Lord Chief Justice, 5.
Fyneux or 'Feneux,' Sir John,
Lord Chief Justice of the King's
Bench, 5.
Gage, Sir John, 67-8, 117, 142.
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of
Winchester, 68, 83, 1 23-4 «., 1 29,
193, 2<>5. 226, 230, 234, 240,
285-91, 294, 250, 280, 351;
letter to the Lord Protector
Somerset, 1 23 ».; letters to, 9, 23,
28, 70, 126, 128, 130-1, 185,
139, 145-7, 153, 156, 173, 182,
240, 255 ; letters to him and
Sir John Wallop, 127, 136-7,
149, 151, 170, 174; letter to
him and Sir Francis Brian, 187 ;
letter to him and Lord William
Howard, 226 ; letter to him, Sir
Francis Brian and Mr. Thirleby,
258 ; his oration, ' De vera
obedientia,' 126, 217.
Garigliano, battle on the, 9, 10,
20.
Garneys (' Garnysshe'), Sir Chris-
topher, Knight-Porter of Calais,
60.
Garret or Garrarde, Thomas,
Rector of All Hallows, Honey
Lane, London, 300.
Garsington, Oxfordshire, 32.
Garter, the Order of the, 157, 293,
286(171).
Gascoigne, Sir William, 48.
Gascony, 41.
' Geanes,' ' Genes,' or Genoa, 34,
305.
Gelderland, Duchy of (' Gheldres '),
245-7, 261, 273, 285, 291-2,
297, 338.
Gelderland, Charles, Duke of,
245-6.
German Reformers, 131,294; see
a/so Lutherans and Lutheran
doctrines.
INDEX
Germany, Germans, German
alliance, Ac. (' thuczenlant,'
' Duczlam '), 81. 139, 162,
219-20, 220, 222, 227, 238,
239. 243-4, 248, 253-6, 260-2,
».. 268-9, 273. 277, 284,
287, 18 (333). 1». 21 (339), 53,
64, 66,177 (44), 222. 287, 300,
305, 300 (217), 810 (220).
(Jen is. the house of, see Jervaulx
Abbey.
(ihent ('Gaunte'), rebellion in
(»539)» 261,284,291, 345.
Gifford, George, letter to him and
others, 162.
Gifford, Nicholas, 68, 19.
Gilbank, see Gylbanke.
Gilbert, George, letter to him and
four others. 342.
Gipsies ('Gipcyans,' ' egipc.yans '),
231.
' Gipswiche,' see Ipswich.
Glaschare Castle, in the county of
Kilkenny, 220.
Glastonbury, Abbot of, see Whit-
ing.
Glastonbury Tor, 176.
Glegg, John, of Cheshire, 327.
Glossop, Nicholas, of Wirksworth
in Derbyshire, 4.
Glossop, Nicholas, of the Gild
of Merchant Tailors, servant to
Archbishop Warham, 46.
Gloucestershire monasteries, 1 66-
7-
Godstow, Abbess of, see Bulkeley.
Golde, John, head clerk for the
works at Dover, 160.
Golden Fleece, Imperial Order of
the, 269.
Goldwin, George, 78.
Golstone, Henry, Mayor of Salis-
bury, 248 (129).
(ionson, William, of London, 48,
298 (198), 319.
Gontier, Palame'des, Treasurer of
Brittany, French Ambassador to
England, 255, 98.
Gooding, Richard, 138.
Gordon, Lady, 111.
(Jostwick, John, Treasurer of
First Fruits, 11O, 118, 280 :
letter to. 125.
Gostwick, Mr., Commissioner in
North Wales, letter to him ami
Mr. Stompe, 166.
Gowgh, Bishop Bonner's servant,
293 (bis).
Gowghe, John, 82.
Grafton, Northamptonshire, letters
dated from, 161-2, 206.
Grafton, Richard, printer, 132.
Grammont, Gabriel de, Bishop of
Tarbes, Cardinal, 216.
Clranvelle, Nicholas Perrenot,
Sieur de, 117, 222, 229, 265.
345 ; passage of a letter from
Chapuys to, 5, 1 7.
Gravelines, 251.
Grave, William, 8 n.
Grayme, Thomas, 334.
Great Seal, the, 29, 64.
Greenwich, Kent ('grunewicz').
263, 277, 278, 829, 349-50;
letter received at, 285 ; letter
dated from, 331 ; friars of, 98.
Greenwich, West, Kent, see
Brockley.
Gregory, Elizabeth, 60 «.
Gregory, Sir, see Botolph, Sir
Gregory.
Grenville, Sir Richard. Knight-
Marshall of Calais, 2O9.
Grey, Lord George, 4.
Grey, Lord Leonard, Lord Deputy
of Ireland, 151-4, 208. 207. 214,
215, 232 ; letter to him and the
Council of Ireland, 179 : letter
to him, 288.
Griffith, Edward, one of the
Council in Ireland, 321.
Griffith, Rice ap, esquire, 31.
Griffith ap Howell, James, 30.
(irimaldo, Ansaldo, of Genoa. 19.
(iritli, George, 309.
Gritti, Lorenzo, of Venice, 309.
Gucldres, see Gelderland.
Guienne (' Gwyen '), 41.
INDEX
335
Guildford, Surrey, 316, 351;
letter dated from, 315.
Guise, Antoinette, Duchess of,
wife of Duke Claude, 243 (i).
Guise, Claude, Duke of, 242-3 ;
his two daughters, Mary and
Louise, 243.
Guise, Louise of, younger
daughter of Duke Claude, sister-
in-law of the King of Scotland.
235-
Guisnes Castle, near Calais, 290.
Gundelfynger, Joachim, a Niirn-
berg merchant, 267.
* Gurrea,' executioner, 302 n.
Guydot, Anthony, 181.
Gylbanke, William, 74.
Hacket, John, the King's agent in
Flanders, 66.
Hailes, Abbot of, see Sagar.
Hale, John, a Carthusian, 1 16.
Hales, Sir Christopher, Attorney-
General, 25, 75, 1O7.
Hall, Edward, 263, 300-2.
Hallam, John, 194.
Hamburg, 222, 258, 295 (188-
90).
Hamerton, Sir Stephen, 188-0.
Hammes, , pursuivant, 187.
Hampton Court, 189 (59, 60) ;
letter dated from, 187, 244.
Hannaert, John, Imperial Am-
bassador in France, 127.
Hannibal, 27.
Hanns, Mr., see Holbein, Hans.
Hanseatic League, 139, 220.
Hapsburg, House of, 79, 245.
Harding, John, parish priest of
Harding (Overton subius Ar-
• derne, Leicestershire), letter
to, 154.
Hare, Ralph, 93, 313.
Hargill, William, of Kilmenton,
Somerset, 342.
Harley, John, 184.
Harlowebery farm, in Essex, near
Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, 37.
Harman, Richard, 297.
' Harmywe,' see Armuyden.
Harreson, John, friar of Northamp-
ton, 311.
Harrington, William, Lord Mayor
of York, 189.
Harrison or Henryson, Mr., 277,
344.
Harvell, Edmund, 243, 133, 297 ;
letter to, 286.
Harward, Anthony, 1 1 7.
Hastings, Sir Brian, Sheriff of
Yorkshire, 284.
Hatfield House, 297, 349.
Haverford West, the Mayor of,
letter to, 31.
Hawkins, William, and William
Randall, Bailiffs of Weymoulh,
letter to, 48.
Hawks, the King's, 22, 78, 193,
222.
Hawkyns, Dr. Nicholas, Arch-
deacon of Ely, Ambassador with
the Emperor. 45.
Hawlde, Patrick, Prior of Holy
Rood in Limerick, 199.
Hawley, Thomas, Clarencieux
king-at-arms, 152.
Hawt, Alen, 177.
Hawte, Sir William, 253.
Haybourne, Richard and William,
letter to, 58.
Hayes, Cornelius (' Comely s '),
goldsmith, 36.
Haynes, see Heynes.
Heath, Nicholas, Chaplain to the
King, 207, 219-20, 226, 66;
letter to him and Dr. Nicholas
Wilson, 217.
' Heiydyng,' see Heydon.
• Hell, the Vicar of,' see Brian, Sir
Francis.
Henly, Richard, priest, 274, 279.
Henry I, King of England, 126.
Henry V, King of England, 77.
Henry VII, King of England,
39, 70-1,77, 112, 126, 137-40,
164, 262 n., 67.
Henry VIII, King of England,
summons the Parliament of
336
INDEX
1523, 28-9; Cromwell's ideas
of his power and importance,
35-6, 44-6, 112, 164; his rela-
tions with Parliament, 31, 69, 7.-,,
1 25-8, 253-4, 1*8, 298 ; Crom-
well ingratiates himself with.
25-6, 69-76, 92 ; his policy and
administration, 77-81, 213-8,
229-34, 237, 240-1 ; his first
divorce, see Divorce; attitude
towards the Pope, 93-101, 113-
4. 134-5. in*. 218, 234-5,
100-1 113. 122. 149. 218 ; zeal
for orthodoxy, 77, 162-4, 243 ».,
353-4, 293-4. 21, 281, 312, 314:
his absolute power in Church
and State, 92-8, 112-28, 151-2,
156, 107 ; wrings important
concessions from the clergy,
93-7» "5-6; attitude towards
William Tyndale, 99-102, 21;
treatment of More and Fisher,
28-9, 115-22, 68, 71, 113, 122 :
his financial position, 28-9, 70-1 ,
78, 133-7, 154, 166; his use of
the funds obtained in the sup-
pression of the religious houses,
178-9; his treatment of the
northern insurgents, 188, 190-6,
174, 189, 193; personal popu-
larity and loyalty to, 77, 182,
189 ; his treatment of Katherine
and Mary, 216, 228-9, ISO;
early endeavours to enlist Pole
in favour of the Royal Supremacy,
202-4, 133 ; later attitude
towards Pole and his family.
205-9, 187, 216-8 ; matrimonial
proposals for, 1 58-9, 234-6, 244,
249, 242-3. 287 ; his treatment
of foreign am bassadors, 157,122,
224-6, 231-2, 235-6, 239-40,
251-3, 256-8, 266, 272-80,
292, 139 ; his relations with
Cromwell, 89-92, 101, 128-9,
M3-4, 153. 213-5, 232, 236-
41, 248, 251-2, 268, 270-1,
284-97, 348-50; his relations
with his other ministers and
ambassadors, 64, 69-70, 82-4,
128-9, l87. 190-1. 195-6, 198-
200, 284-8, 28. 131, 153. 226,
239 ; his attitude towards Scot-
land and his nephew James,
157-60, 234-5, 242, 38, 174,
186, 33O ; his dealings with
Ireland, 147-54 ; his attitude
towards the Emperor, and his
dealings with Spain and the
Netherlands, 79-81, 223, 229—
34, 242-3, 251, 253-4, 260-1.
280-4, 300, 117, 121. 158. 189.
222-4, * 229, 234, 238, 241.
244. 25O. 261, 265. 276, 285,
289. 291, 293-4, 296-8. 301,
305-0. 309. 338, 340. 343;
his relations with France and
Francis I, 79, 81, 215, 217-8,
223-6, 233-7, 242-3, 251-4,
260-1, 280-4, 290, 300, 56, 98,
113, 126-8, 13O-1. 185-7,
145-7, 149, 161, 170, 173-4,
226, 229. 244, 257-8, 288,
309, 338, 340 ; his policy
towards the Lutheran princes,
219—20, 226-7, 238-40, 243,
250, 256-8, 264-6, 270-80, 64,
66, 110, 113, 177-8, 299-300.
307, 310 ; his dealings with the
Duke of Cleves, 244, 247-9,
259-62, 285, 290-2, 299, 287,
295.299,309; his personal rela-
tions with Anne of Cleves, 263,
285, 291, 296-9, 349-50 ; his
Lttbeck policy, 220-2 ; his plan
for an alliance with Bavaria,
266-70; letters to, 29-30. 36,
62. 65, 67, 88, 288. 296-9,
305. 307-10, 348-50.
Henry, Dauphin of France (1536),
afterwards Henry II, 193, 338.
Henryson, Mr., see Harrison.
Henton, manor of, 318.
Herbert, Francis, one of the
King's Council for Ireland, 201,
202.
Hereford, Bishop of, see Bonner
and Foxe.
INDEX
337
Hereford, bishopric of, 114.
Hermit, the, 76.
Heron, Maister, letter to, 25.
Hesse, Philip, Landgrave of, 243,
246, 249-50, 256-8, 264, 266,
272, 274-5, 287, 295 (188-9),
296. 300. 305, 310 ; mention of
the King's letter to, 64.
Hethe, see Heath.
I lexham, Northumberland, 297.
Hexham Priory, Northumberland,
185.
Heydon, Sir John (' Heiydyng '),
267 ; letter to him and Sir Roger
Townsend, 246.
Heynes, Dr. Simon, Dean of
Exeter, 113, 250, 253 ; letter to
Sir Thomas Wyatt, Dr. Haynes,
and Dr. Bonner, 257 ; letter to
Dr. Haynes and Dr. Bonner, 265.
Hieronymo, an Italian of Sienna,
307.
Higden, John, Dean of Cardinal's
College, Oxford, 48, 6, 18
(330-
High Hall, manor of, 25.
Higons, Margaret, 117.
Hilperton, Wiltshire, 846.
Hilsey, John, Bishop of Roches-
ter, 174, 176-
Hinchinbrooke Nunnery, Hunt-
ingdonshire, 1 68 n.
Hinton Charterhouse, near Bath,
Priory of. 335.
Hobbes, Robert, Abbot of Wo-
burn, Bedfordshire, letter to, 64.
Hobbys, John, Sheriff of Canter-,
bury, 126-7.
Hoby, Philip, Groom of the
Chamber, 235, 276, 281, 285 ;
letter to, 243.
Hogan, Robert, the King's master
cook, 33.
Hoghestein (' Hogeston '), Wer-
nerus von, Chancellor to the
Duke of Cleves, 349.
Holbein, Hans, 262, 243 (ii).
Holgate. Robert, Bishop of Llan-
daff, Lord President of the
Council of the North, letter to,
334.
Holgill, William, 8.
Holinshed, Ralph, 93, 300-1.
Hollanders, Holland, 74, 293,
309.
Holmpatrick, the farm of, near
Dublin, 198.
Holstein, duchy of, 221, 66.
Holstein, Christian, Duke of, see
Christian III, King of Denmark.
Holy days, 'grete nombre of,'
in; articles put forth for the
abrogation of certain superfluous,
169 (29).
Holy Maid, the, see Barton,
Elizabeth.
Honysdon, 37.
Hoo, William, Vicar of Eastbourne,
117.
Hooknorton, Oxfordshire, in.
Horkisley Priory, Essex, 7.
Horncastle, Lincolnshire, 184 ;
the late parish priest of, 326.
Horseley, John, keeper of Barn-
borough Castle, 219.
Horsey, Sir John, letter to him
and four others, 342.
Horton, Mary, widow, 335.
Horton, Thomas, 336 ; letter to,
341.
Horwood, John, 60.
Horwood, William, 184.
Houghton, John, 116.
Howard, Lord Edmund, Comp-
troller at Calais, letter to, 82.
Howard, Katherine, afterwards
Queen, 291 n.
Howard, Thomas, half-brother of
the Duke of Norfolk, 145.
Howard, Lord William, 157, 234,
162; letter to him and Bishop
Gardiner, 226.
Howell, James Griffith ap, see
Griffith.
Howell, John, Prior of the White
Friars of Northampton, 811.
Hoy laden with the King's timber
taken by Frenchmen, 271.
33S
INDEX
Iluberdyn, John. 321.
Hughes, Dr. John, letter to him,
Dr. Wotton, and Stephen
Yaughan. 311.
Hull. Yorkshire, 194, 48. 103.
Humber, river, 188.
Hungary, 18 (333).
Hungerford. Walter, Lord, letters
to, 168. 101. 252. 274. 279.
318. 335, 341.
I luntingdon. Hospital of St. John
in, 81.
Huntingdon, George Hastings,
Earl of, 274, 270.
Husee ('Huse'), John, Lord
Lisle's servant, 155.
Hussey or Husey, John Lord,
185. '95. 180. 23° ; executed
at Lincoln, 103.
Hutton, John, agent or ambassador
in Flanders, 216, 243 (ii, iii).
Hyde, James de la, 203.
Hynd, Thomas, 235.
Hynde, John, 62.
Ichingham, Sir Edward, one of his
daughters, 307.
Ilderton, Northumberland, 334.
Images, and image worship, 171.
174-5, 150 (28), 263, 273
(153-4).
Ingworth, Richard, Bishop of
Dover, 176-7.
Injunctions to the clergy, see
Clergy.
Ipswich (' Gipswiche '), Wolsey's
College at, 50-1, 65, 73, 7-0,
13, 18 (331)-
Ireland, 29 »., 291, 207 (193-4),
208(197), S2? ; subjugation of,
M7-54 ; Parliament there
(»536)» «5> ; Irish Church, 152 ;
letter to the Lord Deputy and
Council of, 170 ; Commis-
sioners for, 152-4 ; letters to
these Commissioners, 108-205,
207-8. 211-2, 214-5, 221.
225, 232.
Irish (• YrisheO, William, 252.
Isabella of Portugal, Empress,
wife of Charles V, 168. 305.
Italy, 7, 9-1 1, 16-8. 20. 34, 79-
80, 85, 87 »., 162, 202. 206, 229,
243, 30, 218 (88). 220 (104),
286 (170). 3O7; scarcity of
grain in, 18 (333).
Jakes, Simon, Abbot of Kenil-
worth, 256, 250.
James V, King of Scotland, 154,
157-60. 234-5, 242. 174(4i),
226, 242. 33O.
Jennyns, , sergeant of the
King's pastry-house. 810 (220).
Jenynges, Edward, friar of North-
ampton, 311.
Jerome, William, Vicar of Step-
ney, 300.
Jervaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, 188 ;
Abbot of, see Sedbergh.
John III, King of Portugal, Maria,
daughter of, 220.
John Frederic, Elector of Saxony,
see Saxony.
Johnson, Richard, 25.
Johnson, Thomas, i26».
Johnson, William, a servant of
Cromwell, 60.
Jones (' Jonys '), Maister, 40.
Jordan, Sir Thomas, of Redburn,
letter to, 332.
Joye, Christopher, 201 (183).
Joyner, John, Prothonotary of the
Common Bench, 05.
Juliers, Duchy of, 245-7 »., 273,
207.
Juliers and Berg, Maria, only child
of William, Duke of, wife of
John, Duke of Cleves, 245.
Juliers and Berg, William, Duke
of (1496), 245.
Julius II, Pope, 10, 24-5, 100,
101.
Karbott, Dr., see Carbot.
Katherine of Aragon ('prynces
INDEX
dowagier'), 81-2, 91-2. 98, 113,
118-9, 130-1, 156, 182, 204,
216-7,219,223, 228, 238, 298*;.,
306, 52, 65, 181; her death,
228-30, 136; her priest, 141.
Katherine, image of Saint, 171.
Kempe, John, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 2.
Kemys, Davye Morgan, letter to,
120.
Kendall, — , Chantry priest
of Barking, Essex, 63.
Kendalsland, 2.
Kenil\vorth('Kyllingworthe'), Ab-
bot of, see Jakes.
Kenninghall, 129, 190.
Kent, county of, 174, 296; the
Nun of, see Barton, Elizabeth.
Kerne, see Carne.
Kexby, Manor of, Yorkshire, 3.
Kildare county, 207, 214.
Kildare, Earls of, see Fitzgerald.
Kilka Castle ('Kylken'), in the
county of Kildare, 220, 225.
Kilmallock, in the county of
Limerick, Ireland, letter dated
from, 200.
Kilmenton, Somerset, 342.
King's Bench, Court of, 93.
King Henry VIII's College, see
under Oxford (Cardinal's Col-
lege).
Kingston Manor place, Notting-
hamshire, 228.
Kingston, Mary, wife of Sir
William, 297 (193).
Kingston, Sir William, Comp-
troller, Constable of the Tower,
348.
Kingswood Abbey, Wiltshire, 264.
Kinsale, in the county of Cork,
Ireland, 214 ; ' prysewynes ' of,
214.
Kirkham Monastery, in Yorkshire,
334.
Knell, William, 251.
Knight, Thomas, Cromwell's ser-
vant, 291 (183).
Knokraffyn, or Knockgraffon,
Castle, in the county of Tippe-
rary, 220.
Knolles, Thomas, President of
Magdalen College, Oxford, 14^.
104.
Knyghtley, Edmond, committed
to the Fleet Prison, 36.
Knyghtley, Richard, 36.
Knyvett, Sir Edmund, letter to,
303.
Kyderminstre, Richard, Abbot of
Winchcomb, 14.
Kylken or Kylka, see Kilka.
Kyngston, John, 158 (22).
Kytche, John, letter to, 81.
Lacoke, Thomas, priest, 264.
Lacy, Henry, 51.
Lacye, Masteres, 16.
Lambert, John, 243 »., 281.
Lambeth, 3, 106.
Lanbedye, Carmarthenshire, Pre-
bend of St. David's, 287.
Lancashire abbeys, 173.
Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, i.
Langdon Abbey, Kent, 169.
Langey, see Bellay.
Lanishen, Glamorganshire, 5.
Lantern, the office of the, at
Calais, 157.
Lark, Peter, Bishop Gardiner's
servant, 130-1, 135, 139, 145,
153(2i), 174, 226.
Lasco, Miguel de, Physician to
Katherine of Aragon, 228.
Laiimer, Hugh, Bishop of Wor-
cester, 175, 118.
Latimer, John Nevill, Lord, 192.
Laufen, Battle of, 267.
Laund Priory, Leicestershire,
1 68 n.
Lawrence, John, 16.
Lawrence, Friar John, 65.
Lawrence, Robert, 116.
Lawson, Sir George, Master of
Ordnance at Berwick, letter to,
347.
Lawson, James, 339.
Z a
340
INDEX
Layton (• Leighton'), Dr. Richard,
143. 166-71, 182, 14. 316.
Layton, William, brother of Dr.
Richard, 291(183).
Ledes, John, Abbot of Byland,
Yorkshire, letter to him and the
Abbot of Fountains, 50.
Lee, , 171.
Lee, Anthony, brother-in-law to
Sir Thomas Wyatt. 222.
Lee, Edward, Archbishop of
York, 189. 217 ; his servant. 83.
Lee. Rowland, Bishop of Coventry
and Lichfield (Chester). Presi-
dent of the Council of the
Marches of Wales, 122, 145,
155. 156, 182, 73; letters to,
231. 256.
Legh, Dr. Thomas, 115, 143 ».,
166-71, 182-3; letter to him
and William Cavendish, 278.
Leicester, Richard, Chief Baron of
the Exchequer, 1O7.
Leicester. Archdeacon of, see
Bonner.
Leicester, county of, 36.
Leigh, . 343.
Leigh, Richard, Surveyor of
Calais, 2O9.
Leight, Oliver, 816.
Leighton, see Layton.
Lelegrave or Lilgrave, William.
Surveyor of Calais, 86. 269.
322.
Leo X, Pope, 77.
Lesnes (' Lyesnes '), Kent, breach
of the Thames into the marshes
of, 9.
Levyns, Christopher, 126-7.
Lewes Priory, Sussex, 168 n.
Leynham. , a mad prophet.
307.
Leyton, see Layton.
Lichfield, a prebend in the church
of. 256.
Liege, letter dated from, 206. 217.
Liege, Cardinal of, see Marck.
Lieutenant of the North, 196.
Lightfoot, Humphrey, 143.
Limerick, the mayor and bur-
gesses of, 199 ; Priory of Holy
Rood in. 199; Deriknockane
Castle beside, 215.
Limington, Somerset, 14.
Lincoln, Bishop of, see Longland.
Lincoln, the city of, 193 ; letter
addressed to, 75 ; assizes, 49.
Lincolnshire. 186-90, 192, 7.
297.
Lisle, Arthur Plantagenet, Vis-
count, Deputy of Calais, 160-4,
35. 297 (192), 298 (198), 312,
32O; letters to, 44. 52, 55. 57.
60, 82, 84. 86. 93. 99. 14O.
155. 157. 192. 194-5. 2O9. 245.
254, 260. 263, 268-9. 271-2,
292. 313-5, 322. 331. 333.
Lisle, Honor, wife of Arthur,
count, 55, 57, 268 ; letter to, 87.
Lisle, Humfrey, 68.
Lissasson, John de, servant of the
French Ambassador, passport
for, 183.
Little Marlowe, Prioress of, see
Vernon.
Littlcmore. sometimes called
Sandford, Nunnery. Oxford-
shire. 6. 8.
Llandaff, Bishop of, see Athequa.
Llangan (• Llangom '), Pembroke-
shire, 337.
Loches, 281.
Lodge, Henry, 142.
London, n, 18-23, 51-*. 66-7,
88, 92, 140, 149, 151, 157, 171
174, 187, 193, 220, 251, 256,
257. 265. 267-8, 272-3, 277,
279, 288, 290, 305, 52 (bis),
65, 88-9, 121, 128, 244 (124),
281,316,332; letters dated from,
67-8, 1. 7, 9, 19, 12, 15-8, 20,
23-6, 30-6, 38, 40-4. 47-53.
56, 69. 66, 69. 77-8. 80. 84,
87. 96, 98. 10O-4. 106-9.
133, 138. 140-2. 168, 171, 180,
184, 228, 234. 254, 271, 276-
82. 285, 288-91. 293-3OO.
302-6, 3O7-11, 319-25, 327-9.
INDEX
341
332. 335, 338. 340-2, 344-7 ;
letters addressed to, 2, 56;
Bishop of, see Bonner and Stokes-
ley; the Lord Mayor and Al-
dermen of, letter to, 95 ; Austin
Friars, 12 »., 52, 54, 85, 88;
Bread Street ward, 15; election
of Sheriffs, 126; Fenchurch,
12 ». ; the Fleet prison, 171;
Fleet Street, the inhabitants of,
174(42); Gray's Inn. 47; King's
Bench prison, 62 ; Ludgate
prison, 62 ; Marshalsea prison,
62; merchants of, 298 (198);
Merchant Tailors of, see Mer-
chant Tailors ; the Nete (' Neate
besides Westminster '), letters
dated from, 86, 225. 229-31 ;
Newgate prison, 62 ; five Or-
ders of Friars in, 62 ; Paternos-
ter Row, 26; Paul's Cross, 119,
122, 287, 197; St. Helen's
Nunnery, i68». ; St. Paul's
Cathedral, 189 (60); Throg-
morton Street, 88 «. ; the Tower
of, 121, 149, 151, 164, 176,
186-7, 207-9, 2<>3, 288, 292-3,
299, 39, 147, 281, 298 (197);
letters dated from, 348-9, 351 ;
Tower Hill, 209, 193 ; Tyburn
(' Thyfbourne '), 119, 151, 193;
Westminster, see under W ; Win-
chester House, 291 n. ; York
House, York Place (Whitehall),
13, 68.
London, Dr. John, Warden of
New College, Oxford, 177;
letter to him and Mr. Clay-
mond, 104.
London, Roger, monk, reader of
divinity at Reading Abbey, 248.
Longford, Mr., 43.
Longland, John, Bishop of Lin-
coln, Chancellor of the Univer-
sity of Oxford, 182 ; letters to,
92. 176, 326.
Longmede, Nicholas, 1.
Longueville, Francis, the young
Duke of, 243.
Longueville, Madame de, see Mary
of Guise, Queen of Scotland.
Lords, House of, see Parliament.
Lorraine, Anne, daughter of Duke
Anthony of, 235, 243.
Lorraine, Anthony, Duke of, 259-
61. 24a
Lorraine, Francis, Marquis of
Pont-a-Mousson,son of Anthony,
Duke of, 259-61, 298,349, 350.
Lorraine, John of, Archbishop of
Rheims, Cardinal, 340.
Louvre, the, 262 »., 281.
Low Countries, see Netherlands.
Lowleye, Thomas, servant to Mr.
Norreys, 72.
Lowth, 171.
Ltibeck, 139, 220-2, 238, 258.
295 (189) ; English treaty with,
221 ; letter to the Senate and
Consuls of, 74.
Lucas, see Cranach.
Luiz, Infant of Portugal, 235, 189.
Luke, Walter, letter to him and
Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, 49.
Lumley, George, son of Lord
Lumley, 194, 189.
Lumley, John, Lord. 192.
Lund ('londen'), John Vesalius,
Archbishop of, Imperial pleni-
potentiary at Frankfort, 256,
299, 307.
Lupset, Thomas, 203.
Luther, Martin, 77, 13, 126, 307.
Lutherans, Lutheran Alliance,
Lutheran doctrines, &c., 92, 219,
222, 226-7, 238-40, 242-3,
246, 248, 250, 256-9. 262, 264-
6, 268, 270-1, 286-8, 294. 13,
18 ; see also under Germany.
Lyesnes, see Lesnes.
Lynne. Jerome, keeper of Carling-
ford Castle, 2O4. 211.
Lyons, 305.
Machiavelli, Niccolb, 16, 85-6,
203.
Madeleine of Valois, 1 58.
Maestricht, in Flanders, 216.
849
INDIA
Magdalen College and School,
see under Oxford.
Magna Charta, 102.
Majoris. Philip, Dean of Cam-
bray. Imperial Ambassador, 251.
Malery. , and his wife, 37.
Malleus - monachorum. = Crom-
well. Thomas, 165.
Manchester. Collegiate Church
of. 178.
Mantua, 234.
Mantua. Frederic Gonzaga, Duke
of. 243, 286 (170-3)-
Marches of Scotland, 196-201.
Marches of Wales, 1 55-6.
Marck. Erarde de la. Bishop of
Liege, Cardinal, 205, 189.
Margaret, daughter of King
Henry VII. Queen Dowager of
Scotland, letter to, 185.
Margaret, younger daughter of
Francis I, 226.
Margaret of Angoulfime, Queen
of Navarre, sister of Francis I,
338. 340.
Marignano, gn.
Marillac. Charles de, French
Ambassador to England, 252-6,
260. 292-3, 296. 300. 309. 316,
328. 351.
• Marke,' the barber of, a Fleming
at Calais, 313.
Markeby, , priest of Boston,
letter to him and another priest
named Thamworth, 138.
Markes. see Smeton, Mark.
Marseilles, 218, 223, 11&
• Marshall, Maistcr,' of Calais, see
Grenville, Sir Richard, Knight-
Marshall of Calais.
Marshall. Thomas, 104.
• Marssclles ' (Cardinal Marcello
Cervini. afterwards Pope Mar-
ccllus 1 1), 840.
Mary, daughter of Henry VII.
widow of Louis XII of France,
Duchess of Suffolk. 31. 33, 9.
Mary, the Princess, 82, 114.
'44-5. '06, 158, 160, 217, 219.
323-1^8,232 ».. 235, 244. 249,
259. 266-8. 270. 29511. .306. 117,
121. 153 (21). 170. 189. 222.
224. 229. 238. 281. 287. 299.
349 (271). 350 (276); letter to,
160.
Mary, daughter of Claude. Duke
of Guise, widow of Louis, Duke
of Longueville, Queen of Scot-
land, 158, 334, 235, 226. 242.
Mary, Queen of Hungary, Regent
of Flanders, 251, 56. 189. 243
(ii, iii), 276, 291, 294, 296-7,
301 (208).
Mary Guldeford, a ship called
the, 319.
Mason. John. 234. 253. 265.
276.
Massingbenl. Christopher, Chan-
cellor of the diocese of Lincoln.
326.
Massye, . Bishop Gardiner's
servant. 146. 226.
Matthew's Bible. 132.
Maximilian I. King of the Ro-
mans. Emperor, 245-6.
Maxwell. Robert. Lord, 330.
Maynooth Castle, 151.
Mediterranean trade. 139.
Medmenham, Abbey of, Bucks,
48.
Melancthon, Philip. 226, 113(416,
419). 126. 307. 310 (220-1).
Melford alias Reeve, John. Abbot
of St. Edmund's Bury, letters to,
37. 39.
Mella, Sir Bernard de, or von
Mylen. 291(189, 190), 299.
Mellessent, John. 186.
Melrose, the Abbot of. see Dune.
Melton-Mowbray, cell of. Leices-
tershire, 1 68 n.
Mendoza, Don Diego de, special
ambassador from the Emperor.
188-9. 229, 265.
Mercaior, Michael (' Michel ').
297(194).
Merchant Tailors of London,
letter to. 46.
INDEX
343
Mewtas. Peter, 62 ; letter to. 242.
Meyer, Sir Mark, of Ltibeck, 220.
Michel, see Mercator.
Michelham Priory, Sussex, i68w.
Michell, William, 3.
Middleburgh (' Medelborow '), n.
Milan, Duchy of, 34, 226, 232,
284, 238, 338, 340.
Milan, Christina. Duchess of, 235,
237, 267, 243 (ii, iii), 281 (180),
295 (187), 301, 305.
Milan, Francis - Maria Sforza,
Duke of, his death (October,
1535). 229.
Milketon, , shipmaster of
Newcastle, 316.
Miller. Thomas, Lancaster Herald,
1 88, 190.
Miller, Thomas, of London, 90.
Minstreley, Sir William, priest at
Calais, 194.
Modenham Priory, Kent, i68».
Monasteries, suppression of, 17,
48-51. 55» 64, 88, 90, 103.
165-79. l8z» 213, 3°5, 3«>7»
163, 166, 175, 180, 188, 199,
249, 259, 264, 278, 302, 311,
318, 334, 335, 339.
Money, see Coin.
Monks, 48-9, 1 1 6, 166-7, l&9-
72, 175, 177, 181, 183, 185,
248. 297(i93), 298(i97).
Monoux, Alderman George, 52.
Mons, Provost of, see Wignacourt.
Mont, Christopher, 219-20, 226,
239. 243-5, 247, 249-50, 264,
267, 278, 113 (419-20), 178,
299, 305,309(217, 219), 310;
letters to, 64, 287; letters to
him and Thomas Paynell, 296,
300.
Montacute, Prior of, see Shirburn.
Montague, Henry Pole, Lord,
208-9, 2S1
Montmorency, Anne de, Count
Beaumont, Grand Master and Con-
stable of France, 157, 208, 252,
292-3, 113 (416-20), 193, 309
(218), 340 ; letters to, 317, 328.
Montreuil (' Muttrel '), 174, 193.
More, Henry, of Kilmenton,
Somerset, yeoman, 342 ; his
complaint against William Har-
gill, 342 (257).
More, Maudelyn, 60 n.
More, Robert, priest of Chichester,
297.
More, Roger, 60 »., 63.
More, Sir Thomas, 28-30, 32.
100, 118-22, 166, 227, 71, 113
(417), 122; his daughter, see
Roper, Margaret.
Mores, Mr., a servant of Wolsey's,
68.
Mores (' Morys '), Christopher,
177.
Morice, Ralph, Cranmer's secre-
tary, 255 «.
' Morkesse ' (probably a mistake
for Morlaix), 34.
Mortlake, Surrey, i, 222, 265;
letters dated from, 209, 211,
215-6, 220-2.
Morton, John, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 4.
Moryson, Richard, 248 (131),
298 (199).
Mount, Christopher, see Mont.
Mountjoy, William Blount, Lord.
15-
Munkcaster, Maister, 1.
Munster, proposed reformation
of, by James of Desmond, 2OO.
203.
Muriell, William, Bishop Gar-
diner's servant, 258.
Musters, 189, 252, 298 (197).
Mustiam, Master, letters to, 6O-1.
' Muttrel,' see Montreuil.
Myxberye, Oxfordshire, 84.
Naples, Joanna of. 262 n.
Nassau, Henry, Count of, 224.
299.
Navarre ('Nauerne'), 33, 840
(254).
Navarre, the Queen of, see Mar-
garet of Angoulcme.
34V
INDEX
Neath Abbey, Glamorganshire,
1 68*.
Ncsham. a Benedictine Nunnery
in Durham, 330.
Netherlands or Low Countries,
1 1-2, 52, 99, 101. 140. 225.
251, 261, 284-5, 290-'- 21
(339), 158, 305 ; the admiral of
the, 8O5; see also Flanders.
Netley, Abbot of, see Stevens.
Nevell, William, 115.
Nevill, Sir Edward, 208-9.
Nevill, Sir John, 2 1 o.
New Bawn (' the newe Bawon '),
in the county of Wexford, 214.
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 227.
New Year's presents, 102, 146.
Neyll, Henry, friar of Northamp-
ton, 811.
Nice, in Savoy, letter received at,
253.
Nice, the Peace of, 233.
Nicolas, the courier, 281. 285,
280. 204. 3O4. 306, 3OO.
Nisiprius to be tried at Lincoln
Assizes. 40.
Non-resident clergy, 273 (153-4).
Norfolk, county of, election of
Knights of the Shire to Parlia-
ment, 303.
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, Duke
of, 34. 37-8, 67-70, 82-4, 123,
129, 141, 147-8, 150-1. 153-4,
187, 190-2, 194-5, 197-200,
236-263, 273, 283-5, 291, 293,
296, 300, 9, 13, 42. 63, 86,
174, 25O. 3O7. 316, 338. 340-
51 ; letters to, 107. 188, 210.
Normandy, 39. 41, 208 (196).
Norris (' Norreys'), Henry, 72, 72,
132, 147, 153.
Northampton, county of, 36. 230 ;
White Friars of, 311.
Northumberland, county of, 29 ».,
196, 198; coast of. 159.
Northumberland, Henry Percy,
Earl of, 200 ; letter to, 38.
Norway, 66.
Norwell, Notts, 2.
Norwich, 303 ; diocese of, 163.
Norwich, Sir Robert, Chief Jus-
tice of the Common Pleas,
107.
Nottingham, 188.
Nottinghamshire, 2, 13.
Nun of Kent, the, see Barton,
Elizabeth.
Nuns, 49, 172, 177. 181. 31O
(220).
Nttrnberg, 219, 267.
Oatlands (' Otlande '). the K:
manor of, Surrey, 316 : letters
dated from, 232-3. 318.
O'Connor, Brian (' Byryn'), 152,
232-3. 208 (197).
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, I.
O'Donnell, Manus. Lord of Tyr-
connel, 208 (197).
O'Donnel, Rurik, Bishop of Derry,
207(193).
Offley, John, 143.
Oking, see Woking.
Oldsworthy,Nicholas,letter to, 114.
Olesleger, Dr. Henry, Vice-Chan-
cellor of Cleves. 823. 340-50.
Olverton (' Yelverton'). William of
Rougham, Norfolk, letter to Sir
Roger Townshend and him,
267.
O'Neill, Con, Earl of Tyrone,
208(197).
Onley, Adam, brother of [John],
the Attorney of the Augmenta-
tions, 184.
Ordinaries, 96-7 ; supplication
against the, 96, 104-11.
Orleans, Charles. Duke of, see
Angouleme, Duke of.
Ormond. Sir Piers Butler, Earl of,
'47-
Osborn (' Ousburn '), Bailiff of the
town of Cambridge, 120.
Osiander, Andrew, 3O7.
Ossory, Piers Butler, Earl of. 214.
225.
Osulstone or Ossulton. Middlesex,
Hundred of, 47.
INDEX
345
Otywell, Mr., of Westminster,
50.
Overton subtus Arderne, Leices-
tershire, see Harding.
Owton, see Wotton.
Oxford, 68, 92. 162 ; letters dated
from, 6, 157.
Oxford, Anne, Countess of, letter
to, 119.
Oxford, John de Vere, fifteenth
Earl of, 9.
Oxford, University of, 142, 13,
159 (27); letter to the, 92;
state of the University in 1535,
143; Chancellor of, see Long-
land ; Colleges : Balliol College,
143,326, letter to the Fellows of,
325 ; Cardinal's Collegers, 50-2 ,
73, 102, 6-8, 13, 18 (331), 32 :
Magdalen College, 143, 202,
16, 104: Magdalen School in,
14 ; Priory of St. Prides wide's at,
202, 6; the Friars of, 177.
Oxinbold, farm of, 72.
Pace (' Pacy '), Richard, Dean of
St. Paul's, 68 (378).
Padua, 203.
Page alias du Fount, John, 60,
13.
Paget, Sir William, Clerk of the
Signet, letter to, 321.
Pakington, John, letter to him
and others, 108 ; joint letter from
Sir Thomas Audley and Crom-
well, to him and others, 109.
Palame'des, Mr. le Tre'sorier, ste
Gontier, Palame'des.
Palatine of the Rhine, Louis,
Count, Elector, 256-7, 267,
299.
Palishall, 2.
Palmer, Henry, Spear of Calais,
brother of Sir Thomas, 816.
Palmer, Sir Thomas, Knight-
Porter of Calais, 205, 209, 816,
331.
Palmer, Thomas, Cromwell's ser-
vant, 313.
Palsgrave, John, i.-,.
Palshid, Richard, officer of the
Customs at Southampton, letter
to him and James Bettys, 181.
Papacy, see Pope.
Pardon, the royal, 94-5, 190-4.
Paris, 39, 45, 132-3, 226, 240,
281, 285, 291, 113 (419), 838
(251) ; University of, 202 ; Grey
Friars of, 24.
Paris, Philip, 240.
Parish registers, institution of
(i538), 5, 141, 273(i54).
Parkersplace, 2.
Parliament, 47, 78, 90, 92-3,
95-7, "3, 123- 125-6, 133-5,
M4-5- 155-6, 170. 172, i?8,
180, 192-3, 208, 210, 228, 256,
258, 272, 274, 276, 289, 291,
298-300, 305, 19, 122 (428-9),
174(4i), 175, 298 (197, 199),
303 ; Acts of, 94-5, 1 1 3-4 (4),
115, 120 (2), 121, 123-5. 134
(4), 136(2), 138. 141, 155(3),
156, 170(2), 175, 178, 210,
254, 260, 282, 289 (2), 294-5,
299, 71, 107, 177 (44) 5 of 1523,
27-46, 86, 157, 213, 1; of
1529, 65, 67-70, 93 ; of 1533-
40, 90; of 1539, 253; a Bill
that no person shall keep above
2,000 sheep, &c., 67 ; House of
Lords, quotation from the
Journal of, 292.
Parliament, the Irish, 151, 179,
232; mention of Acts passed
in, 179, 196.
Parma, 238.
Pashas, ste Bassas.
Pasleu, John, Abbot of Whalley,
173-
Paston, Sir John, 5.
Paston, Sir William, son of Sir
John, 5.
Pate, Richard, Ambassador with
ihe Emperor, 292, 300, 139,
146, 222. 253. 343, 345.
Pater nosier in English, 159 (26),
273.
:vir.
INDEX
Patison. John, of Loulh, Lincoln-
shire. 171.
Paul III, Pope. 121, 153. 159,
189, 204-6. 210-1, 224. 227,
243. 247, 250, 255, 268, 270,
100-1, 122 (430). 137. 140
(15. 1 6), 189, 216-8 (88-9),
222. 229. 238. 286. 288, 293-5
(187-9), 297. 300 (204-5), 305,
309-10 (221), 340.
Paulet, Sir Hugh, letter to him
and four others, 342.
Paulet, Sir William. Treasurer of
the Household, 68, 36. 260.
Pa via. Battle of, 79.
Payne, Hugh, a Friar Observant.
62
P.iynell. Thomas, 249-50, 299.
3O5, 8O9-1O ; letters to Christo-
pher Mont and him, 295, 300.
Payvy, John, friar of Northamp-
ton, 311.
Penshurst, Kent, letter dated from,
274.
Percival (' percyvall '), Lady, wife
of Sir John. 237.
Percy, Lord Henry, 13.
Percy, Sir Thomas. 188-9 ; his
children, 227.
Perpignan, 340.
Pershore. Worcestershire. 108.
Persia, the Sophy of, 809.
Pery, George, one of Chapuys'
gentlemen, 193.
Peter's pence, 134.
Peters, Bartholomew. King's Sur-
geon at Calais. 44.
Peterson, William, priest, Com-
missary in Calais under Arch-
bishop Warham, 329.
Peto or Petow, William, Pro-
vincial of the Friars Observants.
98, 65.
Petrarch, his 'Triumphs.' 86.
IVtworth, Sussex, letter dated
from, 270.
Philip, Archduke of Austria, father
of Charles V, 140.
Philips, Thomas, 155.
Phillip?, John, of Putney, 2, 4.
6-7. 13-
Picardy, 299, 309 (219).
Piedmont, see ' Pyemount.'
Pilgrimage of Grace, rebellion in
the North, 103, 137. 144, 173,
176. 180-201, 205. 21 o, 169. 174.
Pilgrimages forbidden, 159 (28),
273.
Pirates, 141. 190, 213, 319.
Placentia. 238.
Placet, John. 168.
Poghley, Priory of, Berks.. 48.
Pole, Sir Geoffrey. 207-9.
Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, 5. 9-11.
51, 76. 86-7. 91-2. 153. 253.
260, 301, 174. 187, 189. 216-8,
288 (173). 295 (188). 297.
30O (204), 3O1 ; letter to. 133 :
story of his career (1500-1540).
202-1 2 ; passage from his ' Apo-
logia ad CarolumQuintum,' 18-9.
Pole, Sir Richard, 202.
Pomeray. Gilles de la. 139 (5),
163(2i), 170.
Pomfret or Pontefract. Yorkshire,
189—91.
Poole. the Mayor and Officers of.
letter to. 80.
Pope, the ('the busshop of rome'),
in a general sense, oath of alle-
giance to, &c., 97, 113-6. 121,
135. *56» a21 »-i z86- 71. 113
(418-9), 159 (26), 236. 273
(154), 274. 286. 300.
Pope, Sir Thomas. Treasurer of
the Court of Augmentations,
letter to. 320.
Porpoise sent by Lisle as a
present to Cromwell, 313.
Port tyihe. 142.
Porter, Mr.. j«r Palmer. Sir
Thomas, Knight - Porter of
Calais.
Porter, John, of Palishall. 2.
' Portingale.' the daughter of, see
under John III.
Portsmouth, the Mayor and
Officers of, letter to, 8O.
INDEX
347
Portuguese Ambassador, a, 295 n.
Posidonius ('Possidon'), the friend
of Cicero, 226.
Poulet, see Paulet.
Pount, John du, alias Page, see
Page, John.
Power, Dominick, 150.
Power, Nicholas, 214.
Power, Piers, son of the Lady
Katryn Butler, widow, 214.
Powis, Sir Edward Grey, Lord, 166.
Poynt, John, B.A. Oxon., 287.
Praemunire ( ' primineri '), 64, 74,
93-5, 16, 18-9.
Pratt, James, Vicar of Crowle,
Worcestershire, 161, 164.
Praye, Monastery and Hospital
of, near St. Albans, 6.
Preacher, a, at Calais, see Damp-
lip, Adam.
Preaching, Order to be taken for,
236 ; injunctions as to sermons,
159, 273.
Prelates, see Bishops.
Privy Council, King's Council,
92-4, 144, 163,186, 191, 196-7,
199, 256, 288, 293-4, 305, 18
(332), 31, 90, 106-7, 112-3
(417), 141, 143, 170, 175, 206.
21O, 217 (85), 226, 228, 261.
267. 281, 291 (iSo-i). 297
(193), 298 (197, 199), 307, ,
315 (229), 316, 324, 327. 344. j
349-51 ; letters to the Lords of !
the, 83, 351.
Proclamations, 135, 141, 188,
190-1, 194, 239, 253, 36, 86.
281 (163), 293 (184), 310 i
(220); Act about, 123-5, 1O7.
Proctors in the Courts of tho
Archbishop of Canterbury.
105-6.
Prophecies, 168.
Prophecy of the year 1512, 204.
Protestantism, Protestanis, Re-
formers, 81, 88, 99, 100, 130,
142,220, 240,246-7, 286-7, 294,
305-6, 286 (173); see also under
Lutherans.
Pryor, Elizabeth, see Williams,
Elizabeth.
Pryor, Sir John, 1 2.
Pryor, Mercy, 12, 59.
Purycroft, virgate called, 6.
Putney,parishof,i,3-5,7,i7-8,23.
' Pyemount' (Piedmont), 34O.
Pykerde.John. friar of Northamp-
ton, 311.
Pyle, Roger, Abbot of Furness,
173-
Pyssow, manor and park, in
Hertfordshire, 41.
Quare impedit, an action of, 277.
Raguseys, ships of Ragusa, 298
(198).
Ramsay Abbey, Huntingdonshire,
1 68 //.
Randall, William, one of the
Bailiffs of Weymouth, see Haw-
kins, William.
Rangon or Rin9on, Monsieur de,
French Ambassador with the
Turk, 309.
Ratclif, Middlesex, 265.
RatclirT, Sir Alexander, Sheriff of
Cheshire, letter to, 327.
Ratclyff, Mr., 142.
Ratisbon, news from, 29.
Raveneston, Priory of, Bucks, 48.
Rawlyns, Thomas, 15.
Rayleigh or Rayley, in Essex,
letter addressed to, 47.
Reading, Abbot of, see Cook.
Real Presence, the, 163, 243 n.
Record Office, n, 27, 50, 54,
104, 311-2 ; Ireland. 821.
Rede, Peter, courier, 229, 241,
244 (124).
Reedsdale (' Ryddesdale '), North-
umberland, 227.
Reformation, Reformers, see under
Protestantism.
Relics, i74,159(28),278(i53-4),
286(i73>
Resbye, Richard, Friar Observant
of Canterbury, 1 20.
.•Us
INDEX
Rewley, Abbot of. see Austen.
Reynolds, Richard. 116.
Reynolds, Sir Roger, Master of
the Hospital of St. John in
Huntingdon, letter to, 81.
Rhine, the Lower, 245.
• Roan, the ryver of,' meaning the
Seine at Rouen, 298.
Riborough, Great, Norfolk. 246.
267.
Rice, John ap, 115. 143 »., 166-7.
Richard II. King of England, i.
107.
Richard III. King of England,
'37-
Richardson, Sir William, priest
at Calais, 194, 329.
Riche, Sir Richard, Solicitor-
General, Chancellor of Augmen-
tations, 182, 1 86, 296. 278. 318.
348; letters to, 102, 111. 259.
264, 302.
Richmond, Surrey (' Riczmunt '),
272, 9, 62; letters dated from,
74, 127-8.
Richmond and Somerset, Henry
Fitzroy, Duke of, Lord High
Admiral, 174.
Richmondshire, 284.
Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, elec-
tion of a new Abbot (1533). 59.
Ripon, Collegiate Church of, 178.
Rithe, Richard, goldsmith, of
Evesham, 27O.
Rochelle, 19O.
Rochepot, Fran£ois de Mont-
morency, Sieur de, Governor of
Picardy, 299, 316-7. 328. 351.
Rochester, Kent, 263, 297, 68
(.374), 349-6O ; Prior and Con-
vent of. 9 ; the Mayor of, letter
to. 262.
Rochford, Viscount, see Boleyn,
George. See also Wiltshire, Sir
Thomas Boleyn, Earl of.
Roehampton, parish of. i, 6.
Rolls House, the, 146; letters
dated from. 83. 85. 93-5. 97.
99, 106, 126. 130-1. 136-7.
139. 143-4. 147-9. 151-6. 170,
172. 174. 181-2. 186, 189-90,
236-7.
' Roman Empire,' 269.
Rome, 10, 17, 23-5. 84, 92
121. 142. 158-9. 20.-,-;. 210-1.
217, 247, 306, 3O, 10O-1. 139.
218 (50). 261. 305; breach
with, separation from. 90-3.
112-3. «3». '33- 165-6.
307; Papal Court at, 14, 24,
84» 93. J59; sack of, 80; Sec
of (' Holy See '), 216, 218. 221.
227, 247, 255, 268, 306, 30.
286.
Romney or Rompqey, ftvRumney.
Roo, Mr., master of the free
school at Week St. Mary, Corn-
wall. 237.
Rood of Grace, the. 174.
Roper, Margaret, daughter of Sir
Thomas More. 113 (4 1 7).
Roper, William, 28.
Rougham, Norfolk, 267.
Rous, Edmund, 143.
Rouse. Anthony. 307.
' Rousseler,' in Flanders, 845.
Rowe, Mr., 52.
Rowland, Maister, Parson of
Garsington, Oxfordshire, letter
to, 32.
Rows, George, Cromwell's ser-
vant, 245.
Royal Supremacy, 90, 93-7,
113-4, 116, 118. 1 21-2. 14.-
148, 156, 1 66, 183, 203. 20.-,.
Roydon, a farm near Southamp-
ton. 61.
Rudby. in Cleveland, parsonage
of. 7, 8.
Rudston. Robert, Sir Thomas
Wyatt's servant, 294.
Rumburgh Prior)'. 9.
Rumney (' Rompney'), Manor of,
Monmouthshire. 63. 12O.
Rurik, Bishop of Derry, see
O'Donnel.
Rush, Sir Thomas, 62. 65, 67,
69.
INDEX
349
Russell family, 307.
Russell, Henry, letter to John
Russell and him, 290.
Russell, Sir John, Comptroller of
the Household, afterwards Earl
of Bedford, 25, 72, 75, 250.
Russell, Sir John the younger,
J. P. of Worcestershire, letter to
him and others. 108 ; joint letter
from Sir Thomas Audley and
Cromwell, to him and others, 109.
Russell, John, Esquire, one of
the Council of the Marches of
Wales, J. P. of Worcestershire,
117 ; letters to, 109, 164, 282 ;
letter to him and Sir Gilbert
Talbot, 161 ; letter to him and
Henry Russell, 290.
Rutland, county of, 230.
Rutland, Thomas Manners, Earl
of, Lord Chamberlain to Anne of
Cleves, 192, 848 ; letter to, 112.
Ryddesdale, see Reedsdale.
Ryvaulx Abbey, see Rievaulx.
Ryvet, Hugh, 316.
Sacramentaries, 162-4, 26O, 263,
268, 281(162-3), 312.
Sacraments, 109, 131, 169 (27).
273 (152).
Sadler, Ralph, 51, 60, 63, 66,
159-60, 297, 15, 297, 309 ;
letter from, 67-8 ; letter to, 343.
Sadolet, James, Bishop of Car-
pentras, Cardinal, 211.
Sagar, Stephen, Abbot of Hailes,
Gloucestershire, 174-5.
St. Albans, Abbey of, 72-4.
St. Austin's, Canterbury, Abbot
of, see Sturvey.
St. Edmund's Bury, Abbot of,
see Melford.
St. Faith's, Prior of, see Salisbury.
St. Florence, a benefice in . the
diocese of St. David's, 6.
St. George, Order of, collar of
the, 293.
St. James (' sent Jocop '), we- West-
minster.
St. John of Jerusalem, Knights
of, 289.
St. Leger, Sir Anthony, 154.
St. Low (' Seintloo'), William, 221.
' St. Marye Wyke,' see Week St.
Mary.
St. Neot's Priory, Huntingdon-
shire, 1 68 n.
St. Osythe's Priory, Essex, 168 ».,
278.
Saint Pol, in Artois, 193.
St. Rhadegund's Priory, see Dover.
Salerno, Ferdinand de San Seve-
rino, Prince of, 343.
Salisbury, Margaret, Countess of,
mother of Cardinal Pole, 202,
204, 207. 209-10, 253.
Salisbury, , courier, 139, 147.
Salisbury, Bishop of, see Capon
alias Salcot, and Shaxton.
Salt money, 127.
Salvey, Richard, to be Clerk of the
Peace for Worcestershire, 290.
Sampson, Dr. Richard, Dean of
the Chapel Royal, afterwards
Bishop of Chichester, 250; letter
to, 73; a dozen copies of his
' Oration ' sent to Bishop Gardi-
ner in France, 126.
Sandes, William. Lord Chamber-
lain, 312.
Sandford Nunnery, see Littlemore.
Sandford, , cousin of Sir
Thomas Wharton, 330.
Sandwich, Kent, 74
Sandwich, Dr. William, of Canter-
bury College, Oxford, letter to,
197.
Sapcottes, Henry, letter to, 75.
Saragossa, in Spain, letter re-
ceived at, 193.
Sarisbury, John, Prior of St.
Faith's, Horsham, 168; letter
to, 163.
' Satanae Nuncius,' = Cromwell,
Thomas, 91-3, 203.
Savage, John, 171.
Sawtry Abbey, Huntingdonshire,
1 68 n.
860
INDEX
Saxony. 243. 247. 249. 261.
Saxony, Frederic III. the Wise,
Elector of, 245.
Saxony. John Frederic, Elector i
of, 240, 243-4. 246-7, 249-50,
256-9, 261, 264, 372, 274-.-,.
287. 287. 295 (186, 188-9),
297 (i 94), 299-300. 805 (213).
309(219). 310.
Sayes Court, Manor of. 9.
• Sayntclere,' Mr., 68, 102.
Scales, Lord, 5.
Scarborough. Yorkshire, 158, 194.
Scepperus. Dr. Cornelius, Imperial
Ambassador in France, 244
Schmalkaldic League, the, 243.
245-7. 256-7, 264, 266-7.
Scotland, 28, 43, 45-6, 147, 150,
'53. !55-9> »84, »96- 291, 4.
27, 77, 90, 152, 174 (41), 297
(193). 298 (197); raid against
the Scots by Henry, Earl of
Northumberland (1532), 88.
Scrooby, Notts, 190.
Scrope, John, Lord, 192; letter
to, 41.
Scudamor. Edward, 171.
Sedbergh, Adam, Abbot of Jer-
vaulx, 189.
Seintloo, see St. Low.
' Selant,' see Zealand.
Semley, Manor of, Wiltshire, 116.
Senklers Bradfield, Suffolk, 117.
Sennowe, a farm at Great Ri-
borough, Norfolk, 248, 267.
Sexten, Edmund, 215.
Seymour family, 307.
Seymour, Elizabeth, daughter of
Sir John, widow of Anthony
Ughtred, wife of Gregory Crom-
well, 145, 301.
Seymour, Jane, Queen, 130, 152,
234, 153 (21), 189 (60), 223;
announcement of her death, 220.
' Seyntcler,' James, 90.
Shakespeare. William, 65.
Shaxton, Nicholas. Bishop of
Salisbury, letter to, 248.
Sheen, parish of East, i ; Charter-
house at, 17.
Sherborne, St John's of. in
Hampshire, 7O.
Sherley. Thomas, Cromwell's ser-
vant, 247.
Sherlock, James, Receiver in the
county of Wexford, 212.
• Sheuerys,' Lord of, see Chievres.
Shields, South, 154, 297.
Ship . . . . , Hugh, commander of
a merchantman, 74.
Ships, arrest and detention of, see
Bordeaux and English trade.
Shirburn, Robert, Prior of Mont-
acute, letter to, 132.
Shrewsbury, George Talbot, Earl
of, Lord Steward, 187-8, 190.
192 ; letters to, 76, 97. 165.
Shrine to be taken down, 188.
Sibylla, see under Cleves.
Sidney, Sir William, Sheriff of
Kent. 296.
Sinclair, see Sayntclere and Seynt-
cler.
Sittingbourne, Kent, 263.
Skeffington. Sir William, Lord
Deputy of Ireland, 147-8, 150-1,
204.
Skipworth Moor, Yorkshire, 189.
Skryn, Martin, 2O4.
Sleaford, 185.
Smart, John, Abbot of Wigmore,
302.
Smeton, Mark (' Markes'), 147.
Smith, Richard, Vicar of Llangan,
Pembrokeshire. 337.
Smith, William, Parish priest of
St. Mary's at Calais, 163, 314
(226).
Smyth, John, of Putney, 4 n.
Smyth, John, attorney, 48, 63 n.
Smyth, ' Mastres,' 2.
Smyth, R., 8 n.
Smyth, Thomas, 6-8.
Smyth alias Cromwell, Walter,
see under Cromwell.
Smyth, William, armourer, 3,
7,8.
INDEX
351
Snape Priory, 7, 9.
Sole, Richard, 168.
Somerset, Edward Seymour.
Duke of, Lord Protector, letter
to him, from Bishop Gardiner.
123 n.
Soinmer, Mr., 20.
Sonninghill, Berkshire, letter dated
from, 196, 198.
Soulemont or Solemont, Thomas,
French Secretary to Henry VIII,
309 (217-8), 316.
Southampton, 298 (198); the
Mayor and Officers of, letter to,
80 ; letter to the Officers of the
Customs at, 181.
Southampton, Sir William Fitz-
\villiam. Earl of, Lord Admiral,
288, 297-8 (196), 348-9;
letters to, 190, 250, 329.
Southstoke, Somersetshire, 191.
• Southwel,' Richard, 303.
Southwell, Notts. 2 «., 18.
Southwell, Mr., 88.
Spain, 21, 42, 79, 81, 84, 163,
2IO-I, 214-5, 217, 219, 222-
3, 225, 230-8, 241-2, 248-9,
255, 264, 269-71, 281, 284,
299, 188 (58), 213, 288, 291
(181), 294-5 (188), 301, 305-
6, 309(217-8), 340 (255).
Spalatinus, Georgius, 288.
Spalding, Lincolnshire, 176; Prior
of, see Elsyn.
Spencer, Lady, widow of Sir
William, sister of Edmond and
Richard Knyghtley, 36.
Spencer, Sir William, executors
of, 36.
Spicer, Richard, 168.
Splottes, lands called the, in the
Manor of Rumncy, Monmouth-
shire, 12O.
Stamford, Lincolnshire, 188.
Standish, Henry, Bishop of St.
Asaph, 277, 344.
Stanesgate, Essex, 48.
Staple, the, 52.
Star Chamber. 31.
Starkey, Thomas. 203. 133.
Starky, John, 126-7.
Steelyard (' Stylyard '), 140,
316.
Stepney, letters dated from, 56-
7, 72-3. 79, 91. 124. 129. 145-
6, 173, 191-3. 210, 212-4,
255.
Stevens, Thomas, Abbot of
Netley, letter to, 61.
Stokesley, John, Bishop of Lon-
don, 100 »., 63, 217.
Stompe, Mr., Commissioner in
North Wales, letter to him and
Mr. Gostwick, 166.
Stourbridge Fair, in Cambridge,
106, 116. 129, 186, 206.
Stourton or Sturton, William
Lord, letter to, 336.
Straet, Giles van, 345.
Stralsund, Peace of (1370), 220.
Strangeways, (' Strangwissh '),
18 (332).
Strangways. Sir Giles, letter to
him and four others, 342.
Strat Margel (' Stradmarsell')
Abbey, in Montgomeryshire,
166. '
Strete, Richard, Archdeacon of
Salop, letters to. 22, 43.
Stubbs, Maister, 16.
Sturton, Somerset, 342 (258).
Sturvey alias Essex, John. Abbot
of St. Austin's, Canterbury,
letter to, 78.
Stydolffe, Anthony, a ward of
Cromwell, 49.
Suavenius, Peter, Danish Envoy to
England, 222.
Subsidies, Lay, 29, 185, 1, 177
(44).
Succession. Act of. 114; the new,
1 20-1, 143, 71, 179.
Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke
of, 18, 187-8, 192, 273, 1, 9.
111. 182, 26O. 297, 349-5O ;
letters to, 42, 171.
Suffolk, county of, 93.
Sulyard, Sir William, J. P. of
INDEX
Flintshire, 344; letter to him
and Roger Brereton, 277.
Surrey. Henry Howard, Earl of,
son of the Duke of Norfolk, 187.
Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of,
afterwards Duke of Norfolk, see
Norfolk, Duke of.
Susa (' Zuse '), a town of Italy, in
the Alps, 229 (104).
Susanna, 348.
Sussex, Robert Ratcliff, Earl of,
i?3. 297.
Sussex monasteries, 168.
Sutton, Surrey, letter dated at,
194.
Sutton at Hone, Kent, 61 «.
4 Swepestake/ a ship called the,
177-8.
Swift, Richard, 62, 2.
Sydney, Mr., see Sidney, Sir
William.
Sydynham, Thomas, Warden of
the Grey Friars of Greenwich,
62.
Symonds, Robert, of Pershore,
Worcestershire, 108.
Talbot, Sir Gilbert, letter to him
and John Russell, Esquire, 161.
Tate, Richard, Ambassador with
the Emperor, 294, 304, 309.
Taunton, Somerset, 67.
Taverns or alehouses, 159 (28),
266.
Tempest, Nicholas, 188-9.
Tempest, Sir Thomas, 227.
Temple Dartford, Kent, 61 n.
Tenby, Pembrokeshire, 19O.
Terouenne (' Tyrouenne,' ' The-
rowenne '), 39, 193.
Tewkesbury Abbey, letter dated
from, 111.
Thadeus, the courier, see Bollc,
Thadeus.
Thames, bear-baiting on the, 25,
*55 ; mock fight of the galleys
before the King (1539), 255 ».;
breach into the marshes of
Lesnes, 9.
Thamworth. , priest of Bos-
ton, letter to him and another
priest named Markcby, 138.
' Therowenne,' see Terouenne.
Thirleby, Dr. Thomas, Ambas-
sador in France, letter to Bishop
Gardiner, Sir Francis Brian and
him, 268.
Thirske, William, Abbot of Foun-
tains, Yorkshire, 64; letter to
him and the Abbot of Byland,
69.
Thisteldormont, see Castledermot.
Thoby, Essex, 48.
Thomas, Mr. Hubertus, Secretary
to the Duke of Bavaria, 64.
Thomeson, Robert, an overseer
in the works at Dover, 172.
Thompson, John. Master of the
Maison Dieu at Dover, 172.
Thornbury. Gloucestershire, letter
dated from, 113.
Thorpe, near Chertsey, Surrey. 12.
Throgmorton, Sir George, 296,
848.
Throgmorton, Michael, 203-7,
174, 217; his letters to Crom-
well, 206 ; letters to. 216, 218.
Thuczenlant, see Germany.
Thurston, , Cromwell's cook,
62.
Thwaites, , Bishop Gardi-
ner's servant, 130.
Thwaytes, Edward, Cromwell's
servant, 167.
Thyxstyll. King's chaplain. 307.
Tiptree, Essex, 48.
Tirrell, Maister, 119.
Toledo. 2io-i, 242, 806 ; letters
received at, 289, 294, 3O4,
306.
Toles, John, merchant of London,
281.
Tonbridge, Kent, 2.
Tonneys, Maister, 11.
Torre, , imprisoned in Flan-
ders, 338 (252).
Tourney (Toumai), city of, 34,
39, 4»-
INDEX
353
Tournon, Francis de, Archbishop
of Bourges, Cardinal, 216.
Tower of London, see London.
Townsend, Robert, Esquire, 246,
267.
Townsend, Sir Roger, letter to
him and Sir John Heydon 246 ;
letter to him and Mr. Olverton,
267.
Transubstantiation, 162-3, 254>
314 (226) ; deniers of, see Sacra-
mentaries.
Treffry, Thomas, 103.
Trewardreth, Cornwall, the Prior
of, see Collyns.
Trinity, ship named the, of Hull,
48.
Troyes, Jean de Dinteville, Bailly
of, French Envoy, 226, 147, 149,
151.
Tudor, House of, &c., 77-8, 94,
112, 125, 138, 140, 160, 196-7,
209, 262, 309.
Tuke, Sir Brian, 53, 177-8;
letters to, 152, 280, 289.
Tunis, 225, 117, 121.
Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of
Durham, President of the
Council of the North, 95, 200,
242, 273, 217, 250, 297, 349-
51; letter to him and the Council,
227.
Turkey, Turks, 82, 86, 234, 237,
240, 260, 18 (333), 21 (339),
30, 238, 296, 299-300 (205),
3O5-6, 309.
Turner, Robert, 16.
Tykford, Priory of, Bucks, 48.
Tyllet, Edmond, 117.
Tyndale, John, 100 n.
Tyndale, William, 52, 99-101,
132, 240; his 'Obedience of a
Christian Man,' 99 ; his ' Practise
of Prelates,' 100; his 'Answer*
to Sir Thomas More, 100, 21.
Tynedale, Northumberland, 227.
' Tyrouen,' set Terouenne.
Ughtred, Sir Anthony, 145, 7.
MEKRIMAS. II A
Ughtred, Sir Robert, 7.
Urbino, Francesco Maria da
Rovere, Duke of, K.G., 286
(I?/)-
Urbino, Guido Ubaldo da Rovere,
Duke of, 243, 286(169, 171-3).
Uses, Statute of, 136-8, 183.
Uvedale, John, Secretary to the
Council of the North, 227.
Vachell, John, letter to him and
Sergeant Chalcott, 235.
Valladolid ('Valodd'), in Spain,
189 (61).
Vampage, John, letter to him and
others, 108.
Vatican, 93.
Vaughan, Stephen, 52, 60, 63-4,
85, 99-ior, 219, 251, 264, 1,
36, 53, 276, 291 (182), 301
(208), 307, 309; letter to Thomas
Cromwell, 73; letters to, 21,
177-8, 811.
Vauldray, Monsieur de, 189, 193.
Vawdy Abbey, Lincolnshire, state
and condition of (1533), 54;
Henry, Abbot of, 64.
Venice, Venetians, 10, 18, 139,
243, 30, 286 (170), 296-8
(198), 309 (217-8).
Venlo, Treaty of (September 7,
1543). 247 n.
Verney, John, 111.
Vernon, Margaret, Prioress of
Little Marlowe, 146.
Villa Franca, near Nice, letter
received at, 265.
Voysey or Veysey, alias Harmon,
Bishop of Exeter, 155.
Vuedale, see Uvedale.
Wales, 29;;., 122, 147; borders of,
167 n.; Royal Commissioners
for, 155; reform of, 155-6.
Walgrave, John, 346.
Wallingford Priory, 48, 6-8, 32.
Wallop, Sir John (' Valloup'), 92,
I93» 23°. 282, 284, 288, 290,
294-5 n., 126, 128, 135, 156,
354
INDEX
173, 316 ; his reported abuse of
Cromwell, 1 7, 75-6, 92 ». ; letter
from him to Henry VIII, 300;
letters to, US, 127, 136, 147,
140, 151, 170, 174, 338, 84O.
Walsh, Richard, Parson of Lough-
seudie, 203.
Wandsworth, parish of, I.
Warberg (' Werberge '), in Scania,
the castle of, 177.
Ware, Hertfordshire, 52.
Warham, William, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 3, 17, 95, 105, 46,
68 (375).
Warwick, county of, 36.
Waterford, Bishop of, see Comin,
Nicholas ; Recorder of, see White,
James; Mayor, Bailiffs, &c. of, 221.
Waters, Edward, 48, 319.
Watson, Edward, 76.
Wayte. William, Proctor of the
Charterhouse, 274.
Webbe, John. 171.
Webley, John, Prior of Dudley,
letter to, 94.
Webster, Augustine, Carthusian
Prior, 1 1 6.
Week St. Mary, Cornwall (' saynct
marye wyke '), 237.
Welbeck, John, of Putney, 5.
Wells, Somersetshire, 176.
Wellyfed, Alice, 59.
Wellyfed, Christopher, 5, 53, 59.
Wellyfed, Elizabeth, 5, 55, 58, 6 1.
Wi-llyfed, William, 5, 58-9, 61.
Wellyfed, William, the younger, 59.
Welsborne, John, Gentleman of
the King's Privy Chamber, 34.
Welsers, 306.
Wenlock, Shropshire, Prior and
Convent of, letters to, 72, 184 ;
Prior of, see Bayly, John.
Werberge, see Warberg.
Wesley, Richard, 214.
Wrest, Nicholas, Bishop of Ely,
letter to, 40.
Westchester, see Chester.
Westminster, 39 ; letters dated
from, 169, 186.227 239,261,336.
Westminster Abbey, 1 75.
Westminster Gardens, 25. 75.
Westminster, St. James's Palace at,
102, 272, 274 (bis) ; letters dated
from, 14. 183, 223-4. 238. 24O-
1, 246-7. 250-3, 257-8, 260,
262-4. 312-4.
Westmoreland, county of, 29 ».,
198, 188.
Westmoreland, Ralph Nevill,
Earl of, 297 (193).
Weston, Sir Francis, 147.
Weston, Sir Richard, under-
treasurer of the Exchequer, 67.
Wettin, the House of, 245.
Wexford, the Sheriff of, letter to,
196.
Weymouth, Dorset, letter to the
Bailiffs of, 48.
Whalley Abbey, Lancashire, 1 73 ;
Abbot of, see Pasleu.
Whalley, Edmund, Abbot of
York, 51.
Whalley, Hugh, 60.
Whalley, John, letters to, 144,
160.
Wharton, Sir Thomas, Deputy
Warden of the West Marches,
Sheriff of Cumberland, 159, 200;
letter to, 330.
Whelpeley, George. 80.
Whethel, Lady (Elizabeth, widow
of Sir Richard) and her son, 192.
Whethel, Sir Richard, Mayor of
Calais (1533-4), 55.
Whitby. Yorkshire, 316.
Whitchurch, Edward, printer, 132.
White. James, Recorder of Water-
ford, 214.
White Rose, adherents of the,
209.
Whitford, Flintshire, 277, 344.
Whitford, Hugh, 277, 344.
Whiting, Richard, Abbot of
Glastonbury, 175-6, 248 (131).
Whityngham, Manor of, Bucks, 1 1.
' Whofall,' see Wolfhall.
Whorwood, William, Solicitor-
General (1535). 107.
INDEX
355
Wigmore, Abbot of, see Smart.
Wignacourt, Escuyer de, Provost
of Mons, 251.
Wilffprde, William, 1.
Wilkinson, George, 62.
Williams, virgate called, 6-7.
Williams, Elizabeth, widow of
Thomas, daughter of Sir John
Pryor, 12.
\Villiams, Herry, 32.
Williams, John, lawyer, 5.
Williams, John, letter to him and
others, 162.
Williams, Katherine, wife of Mor-
gan, sister of Thomas Cromwell,
5, 54, 58, 186 ».
Williams, Morgan, of Putney, 5,
54, i86».
Williams, Reginald, of the West
Country, 91.
Williams, Richard, 6.
Williams alias Cromwell, Richard,
see Cromwell, Sir Richard.
Williams, Thomas, 12.
Williams, Walter, 59-60.
Williamson, Joan, 55, 58, 60.
Williamson, Joan the younger, 59.
Williamson, John, 55, 58-60 «.,
63, 142, 177.
Wilson, Dr. Nicholas, Chaplain to
the King, 206-7, 292» %LQ',
letter to him and Nicholas Heath,
217.
Wiltshire monasteries, 166.
Wiltshire, Sir Thomas Boleyn,
Earl of, Treasurer of the King's
Household, 72, 93, 18 (133), SO,
251 ; letter to, 6.
Wimbledon, extent of the Manor
of, i ; Court Rolls of, 1-8.
Wimbledon, parish of, 1-4, 7.
Winchcomb, letter dated from,
110.
Winchcomb, Abbot of, see Kyder-
minstre, Richard.
Winchester, letters dated from,
118-21.
Winchester, Bishop of, see Gardi-
ner.
Winchester. Bishopric of, 68, 72-
4, 18; Winchester House, see
under London ; White Friars of,
177; Chancellor of the diocese
of, 10.
Windsor, 191, 196; letters dated
from, 164-8, 199-201, 207-8.
Wingfield, Sir Robert, 84, 209.
Wingfield, Thomas, comptroller
of the works at Dover, 144;
letter to, 172.
Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, 141.
Wise, William, of Waterford, 214.
Witherington, Sir John, 200.
Wittelsbach family, 267, 269, 271.
Wittenberg (' Witteberg '), in Sax-
ony, 307.
Wittenberg theologians, 220.
' Wittenberge,' Duke of, see Wttr-
temberg.
Witwang, the Prebend of, 18 (3 2 2).
Woburn, Abbot of, see Hobbes.
Wode or Wolde, William, Prior
of Bridlington, 189.
Woking (' Oking '), Surrey, 193 ;
letter dated from, 168.
Wolf, Robert, Bailiff, letter to, 81.
W[olfe], Reyner, 800.
Wolff, Sir William, clerk, 81.
Wolfhall ('Wolfall,' 'Whofall'),
Wiltshire, the seat of the Sey-
mours, letters dated from, 116-7.
Wolsey, Thomas, Archbishop of
York, Cardinal, 12-5, 17-8, 25,
27-3°. 35. S8, 42, 47. 54. 75-8,
83, 86, 88-91, 93, 103, 129, 135,
140, 147, 152, 155, 165, 179,
203, 218, 229, 271, 285, 308,
3, 7, 9, 11 ; his plan to suppress
the smaller monasteries, 48-52 ;
his disgrace, 64-75 > his foreign
policy, 77. 79-81, 213-4, 231;
letters to, 6, 8, 13-9.
Woodall, Maister, 1.
Wool-trade, 138, 140, 181.
Worcester, the Bailiffs of the city
of, letter to, 270.
Worcester, Bishop of, see Latimer,
Hugh.
.Tifi
INDEX
Worcester, IJishopric of, 118.
Worcester Market, 117.
Worcestershire, 109, 290.
Worme, Percival, a murderer. 77.
Wotton, Nicholas, Ambassador to
the Duke of Cleves, 250, 261-2,
295, 300, 309, 349, 350;
letters to, 323-4 ; letter to Dr.
Hughes, Stephen Vaughan and
him, 311.
Wounds of Christ, the five, 184,
210.
Wriothesley, Sir Thomas (' Wry-
thesley,' ' Wrysley '), Ambassador
in the Netherlands, 210, 251,
256, 28, 159, 276, 293 (184),
294, 296-8 (198); letters to,
291, 301.
Wullenwever, George. 221.
Wiirtemberg.Ulrich, Duke of, 127.
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 211, 236,
242, 281-4, 240, 265, 291, 296
(188), 301, 309, 338, 343;
letters to, 189, 193, 213, 222-4.
229, 234, 238-9, 241, 244.
250, 253, 257, 261, 276, 281.
285, 289, 294, 204, 306.
Wyke Nunnery, Essex, 7.
Wyke SL Mary, see Week.
Wykys, Elizabeth, wife of Thomas
Cromwell, see Cromwell, Eliza-
beth.
Wykys, Harry, of Thorpe, near
Chertsey, 12.
Wykys, Joan, see Williamson,
Joan.
Wylkynson, see Wilkinson.
Wyllyams, see Williams.
Wyndham, Sir Edmund, 303.
Wyndham, Thomas, 321.
Wyngfield, see Wingfield.
Wynter, John, of Bristo!,19p, 319.
Wynter, Roger, letter to him and
others, 108.
Yafford, East, Yorkshire, Manor
beside, 88.
Yarmouth Cell. Norfolk, 168 n.
Yelverton, William, see Olverton.
York, 193; Abbot and Convent
of St. Mary's in, 51, 9.
York, Archbishop of, see Lee, Ed-
ward, and Wolsey; Mayor of,
see Harrington.
York, Archbishopric of, 203, 13,
18 ; Convocation of, 95 ; Parlia-
ment at, looked for, 175; the
Treasurership of, 14.
York House, York Place, see
under London.
Yorkist dynasty, 208; nobles,
209.
Yorkshire, 188-90, 192, 196, 198,
210, 3, 7-8, 18, 69, 77; East
Riding of, 194.
Yorkshire, the Sheriff of, see
Constable, Sir John.
Yorkshire rebels of 1536, song
written for the, 181-2.
Yrishe, see Irish.
Zealand (« Selant'), 273, 74, 293,
310 (221).
' Zuse,' see Susa.
Zutphen, 247 n.
Oxford : Printed at the Clarendon Press, by HORACE HART, M. A.
Life and letters of