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Life and Light
Vol. XLIX
July- August, 1919
No. 7
Editorials
An unusually large number of young missionaries gathered
in the Congregational House for the annual Training Conference,
May 29 to June 10, — in fact there were
Ready for the more than fifty jyoung men and yotmg
"Great Adventure." women under appointment to China, India,
Ceylon, Turkey and Africa. The mornings
were devoted to talks from the secretaries and other workers
at headquarters, and a great quantity of good counsel was given
upon many subjects — from the cultivation of the spiritual life
to the best way to send freight ; from the relation of the foreign
missionary to the Government to the care of his or her bodily
health. Afternoons were left free for private conferences,
arrangement of practical details for those who are soon to sail,
and some sight-seeing and good times. Two evening sessions
will long be remembered by those who heard Professor Platner
of Andover Theological Seminary speak on "The Missionary's
Message," and the talk by Mr. Luther Fowle given on another
evening when he told his recent experi-
ences in Turkey. The one meeting open
to the general public was the Farewell
Service on Sunday evening at First
Church, Chelsea, when about thirty of
the young people were introduced and
spoke for one minute each. Another en-
joyable occasion was that at the Auburn-
dale Missionary Home when secretaries
and young people were entertained at
supper and had a happy time afterwards
getting acquainted and having- an in-
formal program of music and "stunts."
Miss Wright
Mexico
292
Light and Life
[July-August
Miss Turnbull
Turkey
For obvious reasons, the women much
f outnumbered the men. Among them were
\ three trained nurses, several teachers
\ and a few evangehstic and social service
workers. The Woman's Board of Mis-
sions has already adopted eleven of the
/ women and will perhaps be responsible
/ for others w^hose papers have not yet
/ been passed upon. We note in the group
several sons and daughters of mission-
aries, among them two physicians, Dr.
Lorrin Shepard who, with his wife,
starts soon for his father's field, Aintab,
and Dr. Walter F. Hume, son of the
veteran missionary. Rev. Robert A. Hume, D.D. Among mis-
sionary daughters were Miss Dorothy L. Garland, who was bom
in Hawaii and is under appointment to China; Miss Margarita
Wright of the well-known Mexico family, who starts this month
for the Woman's Board school at Guadalajara; and Miss
Evangeline McNaughton under appointment to Turkey.
A Commission Service for Miss Louise Clark and Miss Mabel
Craig took place Sunday evening, June 8, at the Immanuel-Walnut
Avenue Church, Roxbury, Mass.
Others who have recently been adopted
by the Woman's Board of Missions are
Miss Louise Clarke of Lockport, N. Y.,
and Miss Jean Turnbull of Pittsfield,
Mass., who are both going to Turkey as
trained nurses, and expect to sail this
summer. Miss Clarke will be a part of
the medical corps at Aintab, where Dr.
Lorrin Shepard will be stationed. Miss
Ruth Holland of Shrewsbury, Mass., is
under appointment to the Ceylon Mis-
sion, where she will teach Domestic
Science in the Uduvil Seminary. Other
Miss Louise Clarke
Turkey
19 19]
Editorials
293
candidates of the Woman's Board at the
Conference were Miss Jean Dickinson
of Brooklyn, N. Y., who graduates at
Smith College this month, and will take
a year of special preparation before
joining the North China Mission; Miss
Dorothy Brown of Boston, who will also
spend next year in study before going to
Africa; Miss Annie Denison, under ap-
pointment for Turkey; Miss Mary
Harbert, who will join the Foochow
Miss Holland Mission, and Miss Ivy Craig, who ex-
Ceylon pects to go to Rhodcsia, East Africa,
Dr. R. A. Hume and Mrs. Hume of Ahmednagar, accompanied
by their son and his family, arrived in Boston, June 3, on the
"City of Benares." For the present they are with
friends in Springfield, Mass. Mr. and Mrs.
William S. Picken, (Dr. Eleanor Stephenson)
came on the same boat. Mrs. Picken is recovering
from her late serious illness and will spend the summer with
her family.
Miss Estella L. Coe, who has been spending a month among
her supporting constituency in the Middlesex Branch, to the
pleasure and profit of all, returned June 5 to her home in
Oberlin, Ohio, before returning to her work in Tottori, Japan.
A four-page folder, "The Rainbow Campaign : What It Is
and What It Does" has been published for the use of those who
are hoping to hold Rainbow Meetings in the
^ . ^ fall. These may be obtained from Miss
Leavis, West Medford, Mass., or from Board
Headquarters, for $1,50 per hundred.
Already twenty of these meetings have been held with
wonderful results. In Cleveland, Ohio, 1150 accepted the
invitation and many volunteers offered their lives for Overseas
Service. There are many places in the West and South which
294
Life and Light
[July-August
have not yet tried this plan of recruiting 500, yes, possibly 1000,
young women for the foreign field. The Interchurch Life
Service Department has asked permission to use this plan later
as a method of reaching young men.
Any who are planning Rainbow Meetings should communicate
with Mrs. De Witt Knox, secretary of the Rainbow Campaign
Committee, 1748 Broadway, New York. Explicit directions for
the necessary preparations are to be found in the folder and
suggestions for speakers for Interdenominational Suppers will
be given by Mrs. Knox.
As Mrs. Powers' Outline Programs are so full and contain
such an excellent bibliography and list of references for
supplementai-y material, to aid the program
Helps for the committees who are planning to use the
Text-Book. Crusade of Compassion, the Woman's Board
will publish only a few additional helps.
These programs will be ready July 1 and will be sold for ten
cents a copy. A responsive exercise for Thank-offering meetings
or for any devotional service will be ready at the same time,
July 1. This has been prepared by Miss Frances J. Dyer
especially for use with the text-book and will be sold at fifty
cents a hundred. Ask for ''The Tesi) 'of Discipleship/' A
thank-offering story by Hazel Northrop, "Ma's Cat Jim" is
ready now and is free for distribution in societies using the
thank-offering envelopes, otherwise may be purchased at two
cents each. Later there will be leaflets regarding the medical
work in China and India, and articles in Life axd Light
completing the series which was begun in the May number.
As advertised in June, a serial story ''Conscripts of Conscience/'
written by Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason, will begin in the
September issue, running through five or six numbers. This
has been written for the express purpose of emphasizing in
popular form the lessons of the text-book and the name of
the author is guarantee for its interest and literary charm. The
Editorial Committee makes a special offer at reduced rates for
19 19]
Editorials
295
the numbers containing this story — twenty-five cents for the six
months, beginning with September. In order to guarantee a
larger edition subscriptions should be sent to Miss Conley before
August 1. Postage stamps will be accepted in payment.
The stereopticon lecture illustrating "A Crusade of
Compassion" will not be ready before the middle of September,
but orders for it must be sent early, to insure securing it. The
nominal fee of $1.00 and express charges will be made for use
of the lecture and we shall not be able to send it outside our own
territory or to other denominations, at least for the present.
For the lecture and all other helps address
Miss Helen S. Conley, Room 503, 14 Beacon St., Boston.
To one coming from outside into the official circle with its
intimate knowledge of all that concerns the Board, probably the
impression that stands out above all others is the
Friends, ^^"^^ fidelity of people throughout our
New and Old. constituency. The Treasury is receiving ever
fresh manifestation of the devotion and loyalty
of friends known and unknown. Within the past month there
came in quick succession a Conditional Gift from one whose
generous interest in the Board we had learned only recently;
then came another Conditional Gift from one who had already
shown her confidence by a previous similar gift ; then perhaps
most touching of all was a brief note enclosing three thousand
dollars in Liberty Bonds. The donor, who personally is not
known to the workers at the rooms, simply stated that they were
in memory of Miss H who had taught in Boston. This
very generous gift is for the general work of the Board and
accounts for that splendid increase of $3,000 in the column
"other sources." We are glad to note another gain from the
Branches after the noteworthy gain of last month. Surely our
hearts have reason to rejoice and give thanks for the many
who are so faithfully and so liberally upholding the Board as it
strives to help establish the Kingdom of God on earth.
296
Life and Light
[July-August
THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE WOMAN'S BOARD
Receipts Available for Regular Work, May 1—31, 1919
From
Branches
From
Other Sources
From Legacies
and Reserve
Legacy Fund
Income from
Investments
and Deposits
TOTAL
1918....
$15,028.91
$2,906.74
$20.00
$357.50
$18,313.15
1919....
16,310.20
6,240.37
22.13
440.77
23,013.47
Gain ....
$1,281.29
$3,333.63
$2.13
$83.27
$4,700.32
Loss
October 18, 1918— May 31, 1919
1918
$82,481.79
$7,391.64
$17,817.40
$4,846.30
$112,537.13
1919
97,934.58
10,484.52
13,065.34
5,337.88
126,822.32
Gain
$15,452.79
$3,092.88
$491.58
$14,285.19
Loss
$4,752.06
Miss Clara Bruce writes from the Girls' School at Ahmednagar
in grateful appreciation of the money raised at the annual meeting
of the Board in Syracuse, last November, by
The Extra Gift special subscription from the Branches, in
for Ahmednagar. order that there might be an adequate food
supply for the students.
"I want to acknowledge the special gift of $1,052 which you
have so generously sent for the school. It is an interesting de-
scription you give of the way in which this money was raised, and
especially of the way in which the last pledge was made in order
to go "over the top." I do indeed feel grateful to you and to all
those who have had a part in sending this money. This special
gift has made it possible for us during these past months to
concentrate time and strength on our work without undue worry
about finances.
We have tried to be as economical as we could in the managing
of the dormitory these past months. Burmah rice has been
about as cheap as any kind of grain, — cheaper in fact than most
grains, — so the girls have had rice for one meal a day. Then
for the other two meals they have generally had bhakars (un-
19 19]
Editorials
297
leavened cakes of bread) made out of zondhola and grain flour
mixed half and half. Zondhola is a kind of millet which is
commonly eaten, but grain is generally supposed to be used for
feeding horses rather than people. This is the first time since
I have been in the school that we have had to resort to the use of
grain. I cannot say that the girls have enjoyed it! But they
have been very good about not grumbling and have kept well.
I am glad we have not had to cut down the amount of food which
the children were given, — as had to be done in some places. It
seems to me that I could not have stood that ! And we have also
been able to get on so far with a fair balance in hand. All this
is due to the generous "special." Of course the next few months
until the harvest in September and October will in some ways be
the hardest of the whole year. Just how much it is going to
cost to get through them I do not yet know. But I surely hope we
can pull through without debt. I can tell better a little later on
just what our prospects are for next year, and will write to you
again then. We are all hoping and praying for good rains this
year. If the harvests should fail again, the situation would be an
almost impossible one."
Significant Words from the Interchurch Conference
Our motto should be "Looking not every man on his own
things, but every man also on the things of others."
God has a first claim upon anyone He wants to help carry
forward this Movement.
A Christian church is responsible for more than it can do. It
is responsible for what it can do in co-operation with others who
believe in the same Lord and want to extend the same Kingdom.
The biggest feature is to find and train the lives necessary to
carry the program through.
298
Life and Light
[July-August
Interchurch World Movement of North America
Its Plans for Summer Conferences
CONSERVATION of human hfe throughout the world,
as featured in the foreign program, and Americanization
of our foreign born citizens, as emphasized in the home
program, are two broad planks in the platform of study for a
series of seven summer conferences just announced by the
Interchurch World Movement of North America. Practically
every organization of any magnitude connected with the
missionary and welfare work of seventy-six Protestant denom-
inations will be represented at the conferences, which are to be
primarily training schools for leaders of the great Interchurch
campaign.
These conferences succeed those formerly held by the
Missionary Education Movement, which has given up to the
Interchurch project all its facilities for conducting them, including
the personnel of its field organization, to take effect June 1,
according to word just given out by its national officials. The
Laymen's Missionary Movement has taken somewhat similar
action in throwing much of its personnel into the larger move-
ment and in turning over to it some of the functions it formerly
served. A number of the L. M. M. leaders will take important
parts in the strengthening of these seven summer conferences.
With these combined powers added to the representative forces
of the Interchurch Movement, there is an expanding and
diversifying of the scope of the meetings that leaves only a
resemblance to those of other years.
Those who attend the conferences will learn just how the
different denominational and interdenominational bodies have
thrown together their resources for systematic effort to improve
conditions of life in all parts of the world. By the introduction
of Christianity the modern interpretation as furthered by the
Interchurch project means also introducing the benefits of
Christian methods of living, in sanitation, child culture, working
conditions, housing, clothing, scientific methods of production
19 19] Interchurch World Movement of North America 299
and manufacture and any other element conducive to prosperity,
health and general usefulness in the world.
Reports on the various phases of the Interchurch Movement
will be made by men in charge of departments, including words
as to progress of the detailed surveys now being made of the
home and foreign fields, on which the program of the movement
is to be based.
There will be a call for volunteers to enlist in both the home
and foreign service, it being estimated that more than 200,000
will be needed to supplement forces now at work. Reports will
be made on plans for the general public educational campaign
beginning next fall, leading up to a nationwide evangelistic
revival in the first three months of 1920, after which will come
a financial drive for funds to finance the work.
The places and dates of the seven conferences are: Blue
Ridge, N. C, June 24- July 3; Silver Bay, N. Y., July 4-13;
Estes Park, Col., July 11-20 ; Asilomar, CaHf., July 15-24; Ocean
Park, Maine, July 18-27; Lake Geneva, Wis., July 25-Aug. 3;
Seabeck, Wash., July 30-Aug. 8.
The conferences are under the supervision of the Field
Department of the Interchurch World Movement, A. E. Cory,
Director, with E. C. Cronk as secretary directly in charge of
these seven conferences for missionary education.
Among the special features of the conferences will be graded
courses in missionary education for workers in Sunday Schools,
women's missionary societies, and young people's societies, and
normal instruction for leaders by educational and missionary
experts. A large attendance of representative laymen is
expected, many of them taking this means of spending a profitable
and useful vacation. There will be special recreational features
for the afternoons.
300
Life and Light
[July-August
One Experience of A Missionary Doctor
By Rose Fairbank Beals, M. D., Wai, India
IMAGINE a nice American hospital for women and
children, with a substantial detached building for daily
dispensary work close by, both situated just outside the
walls of a large city in India. The hospital equipment is good,
but the work poorly manned, with never more than two women
doctors, and sometimes only one. One day while I was in
charge of the work alone, my colleague being away on furlough
in America, it seemed as if it were impossible to attend to all
the patients who had come for treatment. There were fully a
hundred that morning waiting at the Dispensary for medicine to
take home, and the Hospital close by was also filled with patients
needing my attention.
But as I went into the office to begin my dispensary work, a
Mohammedan man appeared, bearing a letter from the reigning
prince of a neighboring native state. This letter was an urgent
appeal from the maharaj, or king of the state, for me to go and
do something for his daughter, who was very sick. I looked in
at my Dispensary waiting-room crowded with women and
children. Then I thought of the Hospital beyond, filled with
those needing much personal care, and I turned to the Moham-
medan and said, 'Tt is perfectly impossible for me to go to see
your maharafs daughter. Just see what I have got to do here,"
pointing to the crowded Dispensary. But he, with calm assurance,
replied, "Let others see these. You must come to Tikamgarh
and see my Princess." But it seemed an impossible thought to
me, and I went in to my work.
Every time I came out on the veranda during the morning's
work there was my Mohammedan salaaming, and bowing, and
imploring. When I went for my eleven o'clock breakfast, there
was the Mohammedan again, and he followed me all the way to
the bungalow, talking all the time, praying and beseeching me to
come and see his Princess. When I came out again from
19 19]
One Experience of a Missionary Doctor
301
breakfast, there he was, still salaaming to the ground, and telling
me a thousand reasons why I must go to Tikamgarh. Besieged
in this way, I began to wonder whether after all I ought not to
go. The man's importunity was most troublesome. I thought
of the various cases in the Hospital, and began to make plans
as to how the nurses could manage for this one and that one. I
called for my head nurse, and we together made the necessary
arrangements as I gave a thousand and one instructions for the
work. Finally I turned to the ever-present Mohammedan to
ask him how I would get to Tikamgarh, if I should be able,
after all, to go. He said we would go by rail to the next station,
where the viaharafs carriage would be waiting for us, and would
take us with relays of horses over the forty miles from the station
to Tikamgarh.
His plan for the journey sounded simple enough, and I called
my servant, Ganga Din, and told him to pack the necessary things
for me, and to be ready himself to go with me, as it would not be
wise for me to take the journey alone. I found that the mail
train, by which we must go, left at half past two, so we had to
hurry. In India, when one travels, it is necessary to take along
a good many things one does not need for a journey in this
country. There is the bedding, at the very least a rug and a
pillow, and usually more ; a tiffin basket must be filled with food
for the wayside ; a bag must be packed with personal necessities
and more changes of clothing than we need here, on account of
the heat ; an umbrella must not be forgotten ; and in my case
a bag of medical supplies was necessary also.
We caught our train, and after a three hours' ride, arrived
at about half past five in the afternoon, at Lalatpur, the nearest
station to Tikamgarh, our destination. As I got out of my
compartment in the train, I saw my Mohammedan attendant
just slipping around the end of the station, doubtless to order
the rnaharafs carriage up to the platform. I turned at once to
make sure that Ganga Din got all my things out of the train. A
few moments later the Mohammedan came rushing back,
exclaiming as he ran up to me, "Alas ! alas ! Doctor Miss Saheb !
302
Life and Light
[July-August
The maharafs carriage is gone !" It seems that the night before,
after the Mohamrriedan had been sent to bring me, the Princess
had become very much worse, and the maharaj had sent a
messenger the forty miles to Lalatpur, to the Enghsh Government
Dispensary where there was a Brahmin medical assistant, a
partially trained doctor. The message to this Brahmin was that
if the Doctor Miss Saheb from the Mission Hospital did not
come on the mail train, he was to take the inaharaj's carriage
and come to Tikamgarh, to see what he could do for the Princess.
As he well knew, he would be able to do very little for her, for
he would not be able to see more than her tongue, stuck through
a hole in the curtain which must protect her from all masculine
eyes, or possibly to feel her pulse, by putting his hand through
a hole in the same curtain. On this evidence he would have to
make his diagnosis and give his treatment. But he knew also
that there would be a fee, so he took the maharaj's carriage
and set off for Tikamgarh, without waiting for the mail train to
arrive.
So it was that my Mohammedan, who had promised me the
maharaj's carriage, was very much upset upon our arrival ar
Lalatpur. He begged me to go to a nearby Government rest-
house, and w^ait while he went off into the town to search for
some kind of a conveyance for me. He soon came back, however,
bemoaning our ill-luck, and saying that there was no carriage or
cart of any kind to be had. "But," he added, very doubtfully,
"there is an elephant." For a moment I could hardly grasp
his meaning, and then it came over me that this beast was the
only conveyance available. I knew I could not get back to my
hospital that night, and after thinking it over a moment, I decided
it was better to try the elephant than to give up, after getting
that far. So most joyfully the Mohammedan ran to bid them
make ready the elephant, advising me, as he went, to try to get
some sleep, as it would take three or four hours to get everything
ready. This sounded like good advice, so I had a cot brought
out from the rest-house into the moonlight, spread out my
bedding on it and went to sleep.
19 19] One Experience of a Missionary Doctor 303
At about eleven o'clock I was suddenly awakened by what
seemed to me an eaithquake, and then, as I really came to myself,
I realized that my elephant, a huge beast, was coming into the
compound, and that he shook the earth as he walked. I got up,
called my servant, Ganga Din, who was asleep on the ground
not far away, and he rolled up my bedding and got our things
ready to start. The elephant driver slipped down off the
elephant's neck and then made him kneel down. It was a huge
elephant, the largest I have ever seen, I am sure. Perhaps he
looked larger in the moonlight. On his back was strapped, with
heavy ropes, a platform made of wood, perhaps a little more than
four feet square ; it also had an iron railing, not more than a
foot or so high, around it. The mahout, or elephant driver,
produced from somewhere a ladder which he placed up the side
of the animal for us to mount by. First Ganga Din went up,
took up all our belongings, and spread out my rugs and pillow
for me. Then very cautiously I climbed up, sat down on the
rugs, and surveyed the scene. Ganga Din also came up and sat
down on his heels in one corner of the platform. He was so
small that he took up only a few inches of space ; and as he was
sleepy he immediately put his head down on his knees and was
asleep in no time. The mahout climbed up by way of the
elephant's trunk, and we had hardly started when he, too, was
asleep, with his head resting comfortably between the great ears
of the elephant. So the elephant and I were the only ones
awake, with the forty miles to Tikamgarh ahead of us.
It would be impossible, if I tried, to give any adequate
description of the fearful shaking I got that night on that
elephant's back. If the ground shook underneath the feet of
him, what do you think happened to me lying on those springless
boards on his back! I wondered at first whether it was goi'ig
to be a physical possibility for me to endure it at all. But hour
after hour passed as the elephant wandered along that road,
sometimes picking the leaves off the trees by the roadside with
his trunk for a midnight lunch, and sometimes straying off to a
wayside brook for a drink. Once he waded out into a stream
304
Life and Light
[July-August
and played with the water for a while, throwing it around with
his trunk. I found myself thinking over again, as the hours
passed, many of the experiences of my life; old memories are
dear at such a time.
Finally, when it seemed as though the morning would never
come, I made up my mind that I could not stand the fearful shak-
ing an^/ther minute. I sat up and looked ahead, and to my joy saw
that we were just coming to a village with its low lying mud
huts under a group of great banyan and tamarind and mango
trees. I pulled out my umbrella and poked the mahout, who was
still asleep on the elephant's neck, and when I got him awake
enough to understand, I told him he must stop and find a place
for me to sleep awhile, as I was utterly worn out. I asked him
to find out, too, how far we had gone. So just as we came under
the trees of the village, he began to call and call, and pretty
soon several stray men began to wander out of the huts down
to the roadside, their heads all covered with blankets. We found
that we had come about eleven miles, in a little more than five
hours, and I was nearly ready to faint when I thought of the
twenty-nine miles still ahead of me. I called for the head-man
of the village, and asked him to provide me with some kind of a
shelter where I could sleep off some of my weariness. At first
he told me he could not give me any place, as it was a high caste
village ; but after some parleying, he decided that he could let me
sleep till morning on the veranda of one of the huts. All I
wanted was shelter from the sun, which would come up in a
short time, so I turned to the mahout and asked him how I was
to get down off the elephant. By this time a small crowd had
gathered around, staring up at me. I was standing up on the
platform on the elephant, trembling from head to foot from the
shaking I had had all night, and wondering how I was to get off
that mountain of a beast, for the mahout had left the ladder
behind in Lalatpur. But he was quite ready with an answer to
my question. He told me that I must walk along the back of the
elephant until I reached his tail ; then I must slip my foot down
along the tail, at which motion the elephant would turn up the
19 19]
One Experience of a Missionary Doctor
305
end of his tail to form a step for my foot. From this step I
would be able to jump safely to the ground.
I was too tired to doubt the feasibility of such means of
dismounting, so I walked gingerly across the platform and
stepped over the railing on to the back of the elephant. How
slippery it was ! By this time the growing crowd of men and
women below was tense with excitement, all the babies that had
been crying in their mothers' arms stopped, and it was a moment
of strained silence. It was quite two or three steps beyond the
railing still to the tail of the elephant, such a huge beast he was.
And when I reached the tail I did as the mahout told me, slipped
my foot down along the tail to find a stepping-place. But the
elephant failed to do his part, and I found myself in a heap in the
dust of the road. Yet even this helped me, for in a moment we
were all laughing together. I suddenly also found them all my
friends, even that perfidious mahout. I soon stretched out com-
fortably on my bedding spread on the floor of a veranda, and,
rejoicing in a firmly anchored bed, was soon asleep.
When I woke the blazing sun was up, and I found myself on
a veranda some five or six feet wide, with a mud wall around
three sides of it three or four feet high; the house was on the
fourth side of it. On top of this mud wall, or parapet, around
me was seated almost the whole village watching me sleep. I
sat up and began to gossip with them. They had, in all
probability, seen very few if any white women, and they were
extremely interested in everything I said and did. When they
found that I was a doctor and that I was on my way to see the
Princess of Tikamgarh, they brought all their lame and halt and
blind for me to see. It did not seem to make very much
difference to them that I had no medicines to give out. Looking
over the sick and giving bits of advice with sympathy goes a
long way.
The whole morning passed in this way ; and all the time I
realized that I must somehow make up my mind about that
impossible elephant. But I finally learned that there was a
traveler's bungalow, a government rest-house, only six miles
306
Life and Light
[July-August
beyond, and 1 decided to walk those six miles at least, as I could
get something to eat there. But when I was all packed up and
ready to start, I found that there was no one in that high caste
village who would carry my bedding and other things for me.
So I had to sit down again and wait while they sent to another
village some two miles off, for a low caste man to carry my
things. But at last we got started, I with my umbrella up, as it
was just about noon, the hottest part of the day. The whole
village followed me down to the main road to speed me on my
journey, and they had just turned back from a bend in the road
when, to my exceeding joy and relief, I saw a splendid carriage
cirawn by four horses just coming up. It was the maharaj's
carriage coming for me ; for the night before my Mohammedan
attendant had sent a messenger off from Lalatpur, running to
Tikamgarh, to tell the maharaj that the Doctor Miss Saheb had
come, and please to send the carriage back as soon as possible.
And so here it was. I got in on the wide, comfortable back seat,
and the remaining twenty-nine miles were soon behind us.
As we rode into Tikamgarh, I was charmed with the place.
A great open market-place with spreading banyan and tamarind
trees for shade, and the great palace on one side, were most
attractive. Out at one side of the market-place, under two huge
trees, they had put up two tents for me, a sleeping tent and a
dining tent. I went in, had a cup of tea, and then went
immediately over to the palace to see the Princess. As I went
into the palace and through the men's lounging rooms and beyond
into the women's apartments, curiosity about the Doctor Miss
Saheb was the predominant feature of my welcome. I had to
go up stairs at last to reach the room where the Princess lay
sick. It w^as a pitch-dark room, and I stepped into it \&ry
slowly and cautiously, as one never knows in such places whether
there is a step up, or down, or not. As I entered the room I
asked to have a light brought, as I knew I could not do anything
without one, and, besides, I had the impression that the room
was full of people, women, probably, sitting on the floor eager
to see all that should happen. I suggested that all these women
19 19] One Experience of a Missionary Doctor
307
should go out, with the exception of one who would stay to help
me. But they were all so full of curiosity, perhaps, that no one
thought it necessary to do what I said. I waited a minute or
two, and then as no move was made to bring a light or do
anything about clearing the room, I turned around and went
down stairs, back through the palace and over to my tent, and
sat down, and waited.
I judged that it was better to wait until they were ready to do
what I asked, than to force things just at first. I did not have
to wait long. Suddenly a wild blare of curious Oriental trumpets
announced the arrival of some dignitary in the market place,
and through the tent door I could see a beautiful sight. A
cavalcade of horsemen, perhaps the bodyguard of the maharaj,
with their long white tunics and turkey red turbans trimmed
with gold thread, their flying pennants, and shining steel-tipped
lances, all went to make a brave showing. The cavalcade came
down the market place at a brisk canter and drew up in front
of my tent. One of the horsemen alighted and came to the tent
door, addressing me in perfect English. He was the Prime
Minister of the state. The Prime Minister of a native state
always speaks English, even if the reigning monarch does not, in
order that they may confer easily with the English Government
officials.
After some general conversation, just as he was starting to
go, he asked me casually, as though it were not the real object of
his visit, why 1 had not seen the Princess. When I told him
that I found they were not ready to do as I said, and that it would
be impossible for me to help the Princess if the attendants would
not obey orders, he was much relieved, and said he could easily
arrange that. So he made his elaborate adieus, and as he
mounted his horse, the high, barbaric notes of the trumpet were
again sounded, and the cavalcade went galloping off again. They
stopped only a few moments at the palace, and then went on.
I was certain there would be no more difficulty, so I put on my
hat, took my stethoscope and went over to the palace again.
This time every one was bowing, and salaaming, and placing a
308
Life and Light
[July-August
chair for me in each room as I passed through, and when I
reached the Princess's room the curious crowd had all vanished,
and the attendants remaining were all ready to do my bidding.
I went in and opened a door to the blessed light of day, and then
turned to look at my patient. I think she was the loveliest
human being I had ever beheld, as she lay there on her cot, still
with her beautiful silks and many jewels about her neck and arms.
I found her very sick indeed with dysentery, and went to work
at once to administer the sorely needed remedies. For five days
and nights I stayed there working over her, until she was well on
towards convalescence. And it was a privilege and a great
experience to spend the time with her, shut off entirely as she
was from the outside world. The intimate talks I had with her
made me feel as never before the tragedy of the purdah system,
that shuts out the whole outside world from a woman's life.
We talked of the difference between her life and the life of the
free American girl with all her opportunities, and I showed her
again and again that Jesus Christ had brought us the freedom
that made possible all these things for the Western girl, and that
He was ready and eager to bring the same rich life to the women
of India. I also had wonderful opportunities of meeting and
conversing with the maharaj himself, and with various nobles of
the state. And every time I went back to my tent I found a
crowd of sick waiting for me, that I might at least see and talk
with them, and give them such directions as they could carry out,
for there was no dispensary in the whole kingdom.
After five days I felt that I could not possibly stay away
longer from my neglected hospital, and when I told tTie Princess
that I must go, she put her arms around my knees, as she lay
there on her cot, and besought and implored me not to leave her.
Poor little lady ! Imprisoned there in that palace, with a horizon
no broader than those four walls ! No missionaries lived nearer
than the place where our hospital was located, there was no school
or dispensary in the length and breadth of that kingdom. And
as for women doctors — the only kind of a doctor who could
come in and really do anything for a woman imprisoned under
19 19]
The Jain Zatis of Ahmednagar ^
309
the purdah system — there are only fifteen missionary women
doctors for every five milHon women in India. Does this give
anyone a new glimpse of the need of India?
The Jain Zatis of Ahmednagar
By Mrs. Robert A. H ume
HERE is an interesting and large community of people
living in Ahmednagar City who follow the Jain religion.
They are for the most part merchants and money lenders.
These Jains are also known as Marwadis so called because they
come from the district of Marwar in the northern part of the
Bombay Presidency.
The religious leaders of these Jains are called "gurus"
(teachers) and are addressed as ''maharaj" (great king). Both
men and women become gurus. They renounce the world and
take vows and live strictly
religious lives. One in each
community becomes the
head maharaj and leads in
teaching and services. The
men have their monasteries
and the women a separate
dwelling which we could
call a convent. The women
gurus are called zatis (za-
tees). They are more or less
educated. A few among
them have taken the vows
as virgins. Those who have
renounced the world while
unmarried are considered
especially holy. I have
become particularly inter-
A Jain Priestess ested in the zatis of Ah-
310
Life and Light
[July-August
mednagar as I have met them in connection with the Bible
Women's work. They study their sacred books and learn how
to explain their teachings. Several hours of each day are spent
in devotional exercises.
They are taught Sanskrit shlokas which they commit to
memory and sing in concert at their services. For the most
part their religion is a ceremonial one. They are bound by
hundreds of rules which they must keep to the letter. Reverence
for life in every form both animal and vegetable is a principal
feature of their religion. In order to keep from killing or
harming even the least insect they always keep their mouths
covered with an oblong piece of thick white paper which is tied
on with stout white thread. Each 2ati carries a small dry mop
with which she sweeps the floor before she sits down. These
mops are suspended from their waists for convenience and is the
usual way in which they carry them. The :satis must beg the
food they eat. They must never cook or build a fire. They
never light a light. Their clothes are all of plain white calico, —
full skirts, a plain jacket and a large veil which is caught at the
waist and drawn over the head Eastern fashion.
Plain white squares of cloth make their begging bowls. Wooden
bowls painted by themselves in w^hite, brown, red or yellow paint
are their dishes. When asked why they do not use the brass
or copper dishes according to the custom of the country, they
reply that those dishes stir up a worldly desire in their hearts
and for that reason they are forbidden. Dried gourds painted
a bright and beautiful shade of yellow and used for holding
their drinking water stirred up more worldly longing in my heart
than many a brass and copper water vessel.
These ^atis copy their sacred books on loose, oblong pasteboard
leaves with colored paints. These books are more or less
illuminated. The outside stiff board cover is quite an artistic
production. Their symbols are painted on them and the corners
filled with convential designs of flowerpots, peacocks, etc.
About a year ago, I was invited by a Marwadi widow, an old
friend of some years' standing, to come to meet the ^atis in their
19 19]
The Jain Zatis of Ahmednagar
311
convent. The zatis had particularly asked to have me come with
some Bible women. I was glad to accept the invitation in case
there was no discussion. I was told to come and say whatever
was in my mind. Such a cordial and unrestricted invitation was
gladly accepted. I went one afternoon at two o'clock, the most
convenient time for us all. I found a leading giiru maharaj
seated on the floor of a raised section of the room. Several other
zatis were seated around her.
The maharaj took my hand and asked me to sit near herself.
She said, *T have long wanted to hear what you teach. Tell me
all you can."
This was a wonderful opportunity. I talked about God the
Father, and Jesus Christ the Savior, very simply. The zatis
listened very attentively.
After an hour or more the Marwadi widow who had brought
me spoke up from the back of the long room in which we were
seated and said, "Madam Sahib, sing a hymn!" This we did,
choosing one on the love of God.
Several elderly men who had come for their usual two hours'
study with the maharaj put up their books for the day and left.
The afternoon is the usual zati's religious teaching time. During
that time many men and women come in and make namaskar to
the maharaj. The namaskar is a very respectful and reverent
bow made by joining the two hands together flatly and putting
them up to the forehead and bowing low over and over again.
Dozens may come in during an hour and make namaskar, but the
maharaj keeps quietly on with her teaching or talking. I noticed
that all the men and women who came in to study or talk covered
their mouths. This is done out of respect to the feelings of the
zatis who are particular about troubling even the invisible insect
life in the air.
When I had been talking a while the maharaj said to me,
"Have you a handkerchief ?"
I repHed, "Yes."
Then she said, "Hold it over your mouth."
I held it folded and she looked relieved. Later when interested
312
Life and Light
[July-August
in talking, my hand would drop into my lap the gtirii would again
say, ''Where is your handkerchief?" Again the reminder would
make me remember and put my hand and handkerchief over my
mouth !
After the first talk was over the maharaj said, "Come with me
to see some sick zatis/'
"I am not a doctor," I said.
But she said, "Come and talk with them." So I went and
found two zatis very sick, one at the point of death. She had
taken no food for two days. The other was in the last stages
of consumption. Both were young and exceptionally beautiful.
I sang to them and talked and prayed with them and was not
once interrupted. It seemed to be a comfort to them. One kept
her large beautiful eyes on me and looked so comforted.
One of the two died that night and the consumptive in a week.
A message came toward the end of the week to come and talk
with her. I went and found the leading maharaj and a dozen
more zatis sitting by the dying s\sitr-zati. She was bolstered
up and scarcely able to speak. With difficulty she said a few
words. I told her about our Father's House and going to it and
how God the Father loved us. I prayed and sang again and
came away. She died that night and was buried with great
ceremony and a good deal of pomp the next day.
The funeral of a zati is a great occasion. The ]\Iarwadis stop
business and attend the ceremonies. The dead body is tied to a
bamboo in a sitting posture with rich clothes on and carried on
a magnificent bier while dried dates and cocoanuts are given
freely in the crowd.
During the succeeding weeks we met the zatis often and had
long talks with them. If we missed a week they sent us word
to come and see them. So often they said to me, "Now we
know you, we love you and we want to talk to you."
Once these zatis ventured to come to our bungalow. They
may never sit away from their own convent. After a long time
they decided to come in. While there, they stood all the time.
Many Marwadi women also came bringing betel nuts and food.
19 19]
The Jain Zatis of Ahmednagar
313
The house greatly interested them, also the phonograph. They
looked quite distressed when they saw roses and mignonettes
in cases on the tables and the woolen rugs on the floors made
them hesitate to enter. So we whisked the flowers away out of
sight and rolled up the rugs and let them go about and see the
bungalow. The looking glasses and the family pictures fascinated
and interested them the most. I was amused to see them stealing
back to take one more look after we had left the bedrooms.
I had many opportunities to talk with them. They freely spoke
of themselves as sisters and they were genuine in speaking of
loving me, but they never truly responded to the message of
Christ's love for them. They do not yet feel their need of Christ.
Their religion is still sufficient and they are still quite content
with the "letter of the law."
Once we attended
occasions when two
the world and took
zatis. One was a
old, and unmar-
vowed by her par-
because she was
illness. The other
ty-year-old widow
mined to give up
their order. The
brated under a big
side of the city,
wadis men and
from near and far
mony. The two ini-
to the place dressed
silk and gold cov-
Ready for the Vow
A girl about twelve years old
one of their great
women renounced
vows to become
girl twelve years
ried. She had been
ents to this life
saved from serious
was a young twen-
w h o had deter-
the world and join
occasion was cele-
banyan tree out-
Hundreds of Mar-
women had come
to witness the cere-
tiates were taken
in rich clothes of
ered with jewels.
First their jewels were removed and taken by their near relatives.
Then the clothes were taken off and their long hair was cropped
close to the head and then full white cotton skirts, jackets and
veils were put on. Then they were led to the big tree where they
314
Life and Light
[July -August
took the vows before a male guru maharaj in the presence of the
crowds and crowds of people.
One felt a pity for the twelve-year-old girl who scarcely
realized what she was doing. The father and mother of this
girl felt extremely happy over the ceremony as they fulfilled
their vow and obtained merit thereby. They lavishly distributed
sweets and cocoanuts and dried dates among the people. The
girl is being taught daily to read and write and sing shlokas.
She goes to beg her food as do the others. The zatis are kind
to her but treat her like a child as she really is.
Within a month we had Mr. and Mrs. George Sherwood Eddy
at Ahmednagar with Pandita Ramabai's daughter, Manoramabai,
for a religious campaign. The meetings were especially for the
spiritual uplift of the Christians but with these were also some
meetings for non-Christians. One meeting for the non-Christian
women was largely attended by Hindus and Marwadis (Jains).
I had written a special invitation to the guru maharaj asking her
to attend the meeting with the other zati sisters. To my surprise
they accepted and came, all of them.
They sat and listened quietly to Mrs. Eddy's helpful, excellent
talk on "How My God Helps Me!" It was wonderfully well
interpreted by Manoramabai and the non-Christian women
listened most quietly to it all. Once I heard a zati say, "It is so
much like our own !" But I know too well that it is all so
different. I prayed that the message might reach them and I
prayed again that their eyes might be opened and their hearts
might respond. May they know Christ and His love !
"But since to human hands Hke ours
Thou hast committed work divine,
Shall not our eager hearts make haste
To join their feeble powers to Thine?
To word and work shall not our hands
Obedient move, nor lips be dtimb.
Lest, through our sinful love of ease.
Thy Kingdom should delay to come."
19 19]
The Inanda Jubilee
315
The Inanda Jubilee
The accompanying account of the occasion noted in the June
"Life and Light" when Edwards Industrial Hall was opened is taken
from the "North Coast Mission Record," a Natal newspaper. The
tribute rendered by Government officicds and missionaries to Mrs.
Edwards will be of great interest to the readers of "Life and Light,"
remembering that from the beginning of her missionary work Mrs.
Edwards has been supported by the New Haven Branch of the
Woman's Board of Missions. — The Editor.
[_____^^^^^B|^. J Fifty years ago Inanda Seminary for
the training of native girls was opened
Mrs. Edwards in her Garden. 5y Mrs. Mary K. Edwards under the
aegis of the American Mission and she
still remains the central figure in the direction of this widely-
known institution which has for its main object the mental,
physical and spiritual development of the native maidens on the
North Coast of Natal.
No report of the proceedings would be complete without some
special reference to the venerable lady in whose honour the
new industrial hall was erected. Although well-nigh ninety years
of age, Mrs. Edwards is still alert and vigorous. Her queenly
and dignified presence formed a pleasing setting to the pretty
picture presented in front of the new hall when the opening
ceremony was performed and her happy little speech added much
The Lady Pioneer
HE concluding sentence uttered by the
Administrator of Natal (The Hon. G.
T. Plowman, C. M. G), at the dedica-
tion of the newly-erected Edwards
Industrial Hall at Inanda Seminary,
will arrest the attention of all interested
in the work of the American Board.
"I envy Mrs. Edwards her thoughts
today, and I hope that when some of
us lay down our work we, too, may
earn the Svell done" which is Mrs.
Edwards' due."
316
Life and Light
[July-August
to the appropriateness of the occasion. After the death of her
husband, who was a well-known educationist in the United States,
Mrs. Edwards came to Natal and in face of difficulties which
would have appalled the stoutest heart, she set to work in the
interest of native girls. On March 1, 1869, her dream was
realized and Inanda Seminary became an accomplished fact,
although not by any means the ambitious venture which it is
today. Since that memorable date it would be difficult to estimate
how many thousands of native girls have passed through the
seminary and benefited by the thorough and practical teaching
imparted thereat. From Natal and Zululand and many other
parts of the Union, testimonies are received from natives
testifying to the lasting benefits bestowed upon them by Mrs.
Edwards. How much the State owes to the labours of this
heroic lady during the past half century can never be fully
estimated, but in the hearts and homes of the Natal natives her
name will live for generations.
Health and Happiness.
At present 140 girls are accommodated at the seminary, and
they receive scholastic training up to the sixth standard. In the
nev/ domestic science building there is an up-to-date cookery class
room, and here the girls are taught how to cook simple wholesome
food and meals. Then there is the dressmaking department,
where under the direction of a native teacher the pupils are to
be seen operating sewing machines and making useful garments
for themselves. Upstairs is a basket-making department, a huge
dormitory and teachers' quarters. In the older parts of the
institution are the school classrooms and a large laundry, where
the pupils are taught washing and ironing as it ought to be done.
Incidentally, it may be mentioned that a certain amount of laundry
work is undertaken here for Durban clients, and so satisfactory is
the work turned out that the institution is overwhelmed with
orders, but, of course, they can only cope with a very limited
number.
A hospital and dispensary is also attached to the seminary, but
19 19]
The Inanda Jubilee
317
there are only two patients at present. Another large new
building is also to be added, namely, the Phelps' Hall, which will
serve as additional dormitory and administration building. It
is now in course of construction, and on Saturday Dr. Charles
T. Loram (Chief Inspector of Native Education in Natal)
performed the ceremony of laying the corner stone of this
building. When it is completed the seminary will be able to
accommodate twice as many pupils as it can at present. There
is not a vacant place meantime, and there is always keen com-
petition to gain admission.
For the past thirty-five years Mrs. Edwards has had the
assistance of Miss Phelps and Miss Price as teachers, and the
principal of the seminary is Miss E. F. Clarke. Beautifully
situated in one of the healthiest regions of Natal, the prospect is
pleasing from every point of view. The seminary is approached
from the main road through a broad and long avenue lined with
American and Zulu Teaching Staff at Inanda
Miss Evelyn Clark, Principal, in the center
stately trees, everyone of which were planted by Mrs. Edwards
in the early days of the Inanda efforts.
The casual visitor has only one cause for complaint, that is the
318
Life and Light
[July-August
fact that this educational centre is ahiiost ten miles from Phoenix,
the nearest railway station. Yet in spite of this somewhat
forrriidable fact the attendance from Durban and district at the
dual ceremony on Saturday was very large and thoroughly rep-
resentative. Motor-cars, of course, formed the main mode of
transport utilized, although two benighted pressmen, together with
an American missionary and his wife, had to perform the journey
The Inanda Jubilee
Showing the pupils and a few of the guests
from the station to the seminary in a light (very light) buggy '
drawn by two mules. The road is one continual succession of
"ups and downs." The rate of progress was four miles per hour !
In addition to the Administrator of Natal and Dr. Loram many
other distinguished guests, including Government ofificials as well
as members of the Mission were present at the exercises.
The opening ceremony took place in the square in front of the
19 19]
The Inanda Jubilee
319
new hall, and the scene was picturesque indeed. Immediately in
front of the Administrator sat the European and American
members of the audience, while on his right were seated the
representative natives, and on the left was a scholars' choir of
over one hundred voices under the baton of Mr. Lutuli. "To
Inanda sing, let her praise ring," formed a pleasing and appro-
priate opening chorus rendered with tunefulness and precision.
Miss Clarke then extended a warm welcome to all, and gave
a brief survey of the history and achievements of the institution.
In the course of her pointed little speech, she mentioned that all
the girls spent at least one-third of their school hours in industrial
training.
Mrs. Edwards, who had a great ovation, in a clear and musical
voice related a touching little incident concerning the opening day
of the seminary. It was of a little girl named Hawes, then seven
years of age, who came that day to Inanda on crutches. In
course of time she became a teacher and she had proved a very
fine teacher, and was still a teacher.
"I wish the Government had money enough to give her a
pension. I think she deserves it," concluded Mrs. Edwards amid
loud applause.
The Administrator then delivered his address.
Native Girls as Nurses
After directing special attention to the question of domestic
science as an occupation for native girls, he said another occu-
pation suitable for native girls, and one for which the domestic
science work done at that school was a direct training, was
nursing. The terrible epidemic which recently swept over the
country had made them painfully aware of the need for better
medical supervision for natives, and particularly for native trained
nurses. He had heard with great satisfaction of the excellent
work which native nurses did at Amanzimtoti, at Indaleni, and
at other places during the epidemic, and only the other day he
noticed in reading through the report of the Influenza Epidemic
Commission, that the Commission strongly recommended that
320
Life and Light
[July-August
1919]
The Inanda Jubilee
321
every encouragement should be given to the training of native
women in nursing, and that a form of recognition of native nurses
should be arranged by the Medical Councils of the Provinces.
The Commission also called special attention to the susceptibility
of natives to various infectious diseases, with resultant danger
to the Union, and it expressed the opinion that immediate provi-
sion should be made for medical and nursing aid in native areas.
It might interest them to know that the Provincial Adminis-
tration, in conjunction with the Native Affairs Department, had
recently agreed to subsidize a scheme for the training of native
girls as midwives and nurses, and he believed that there was a
great need for this class of
nurse in South Africa. One
condition of the grant was
that the girls who entered for
this training should have some
educational equipment, and
they would be required on the
completion of the training to
work for a stated period in
native areas. He was in full
sympathy with that move-
ment, and he felt sure that
that institution, with its spe-
cial domestic science equip-
ment, would not fail to supply
its share of girls who were
willing to take up the arduous
but honorable calling of nurs-
ing.
The Rev. H. A. Stick, of
the Adams Mission, in moving
a vote of thanks to the Ad-
Nurse and Convalescent Patient, ministrator, said the presence
Inanda > zr t-,,
of Mr. Plowman that day was
another evidence of the deep sympathy which the Government
322
Life and Light
rjuly-August
had manifested in native mission work during recent years.
Prayer was offered by the Rev. C. N. Ransom, and the singing- of
"Emanuel" by the choir concluded the first part of the day's
programme.
Dr. Loram's Tribute.
The company then adjourned to the site where the Phelps
Hall is in course of construction. Here the Rev. A. LeRoy
introduced Dr. Loram, who performed the ceremony of laying
the foundation-stone. Technical education was, he said,
indispensable for the black, and those of them who believed that
the prosperity of South Africa depended on the advancement
of both races, rejoiced at the interest which the work of their
institutions evoked. And yet there was a great difference in the
extent of the Colonial support which the training institutions
of the two races received. The building and equipment and
perhaps nine-tenths of the cost of maintenance of the Durban
Technical College came, and rightly came, from the Government.
No share of the cost of building or equipment and only a little
more than half the cost of maintenance of the institution now
being erected at Inanda came from the Government.
Dealing with the sources of strength of the missionary move-
ment, Dr. Loram enumerated these under three heads, the first
and most outstanding being the fact that missionary education
was volunteer work. There was no conscription about it. One
volunteer was worth ten pressed men, and that accounted for
some of the burning zeal and glowing enthusiasm which induced
most of their successes and some of their failures. In the
second place there was the religious motive which prompted and
guided their work. The third source of strength was the
certainty that their labours would be for the benefit of the
people among whom they worked and they who themselves
enjoyed the privileges of Christianity, and who saw around
them so many instances of social improvement as the result of
Christianity were not likely to disagree with them in this. One
who dealt with missionaries could not but be impressed with
their devotion, their zeal, and their optimism.
1 9 1 91
The Inanda Jubilee
323
No Better Comrades.
''Charged as I am," said Dr. Loram, at the close of his eloquent
address, "with the duty and privilege of educating and raising
the natives of this Province, I want no better comrades and
co-workers than the missionaries of Natal, nor can I imagine any
time when the Government with this and other examples of
missionary endeavour before its eyes would wish to attempt this
difficult work without the help of those men and women who
are willing to give their lives so that the native people may
prosper." The speech was punctuated with frequent outbursts
of applause.
The inscription on the corner stone reads as follows : —
Laid by Dr. C. T. Loram, LL.B., Ph.D., Chief Inspector of
Native Education, on March 1st, 1919, in commemoration of the
50th anniversary of the opening of the school.
Inanda Student as a Home-maker
324
Life and Light
[July-August
The Risen Life in Adabazar
By Ethel A. Putney
CO the Americans who worshipped on Easter Day with the
Protestant Church in Adabazar and perhaps to the people
themselves, the chief message of the day did not come
through the words of the old pastor or his chief deacon who
preached the sermon, even to those who understood their inspiring
Armenian, but in the very presence of the congregation itself.
A year ago almost all of these people were wanderers and exiles.
The command had come, when the deportations began, that the
Protestants should be left in peace in their houses but some had
already been sent away and others had comfortable homes that
were desired by the Turks. So all were hurried away to
Eskishehir and brought back again a m^onth or so later to empty
or half empty houses. Some were then left in peace if it was
considered that they were harmless. The old pastor was one of
these, but the majority were sent off again. One family was
returned from Eskishehir only to be taken from the train and
put immediately on another train going back over the same road
and beyond to Konia. The chief deacon with his brother and
sister was allowed to remain seven months longer in their home
and then in the middle of the night the soldiers came to tell
them that they must be ready to start off again in three hours.
So in the small hours of the night they wxnt out with what they
could carry in their hands, "not knowing whither they went" to-
stay three years in a little Turkish village not far away. Many
of the families were sent off thus, two or three of them to a
village, where they could be watched and could not communicate
with other Armenians. Others were sent over the mountains
into Syria and Mesopotamia, whence few have returned or will
ever come back.
One family was allowed to stay though they had constant
anxiety that they would be called next. It was the family of a
well-known physician, highly respected for the skillful care that
the father and the physician daughter had given for many years
19 19]
The Risen Life in Adabazar
325
to those in need. Even the Turks telegraphed to Constantinople
for permission to leave the house where there were two doctors.
But the family did not know that till long afterwards and the old
man died soon, broken by the sufferings of his relatives and
friends and the constant anxiety for his own family.
Now, since the armistice, two or three families and remnants
of famiHes come trailing back nearly every day, to find their
homes empty or destroyed, and the old friends and neighbors
scattered and gone. They have taken up life again as best they
can. One man is a shoemaker and there is a great demand for
shoes now so he is getting on well. There are plenty of
industrial opportunities for mechanics and tradesmen such as
most of the Armenians are and they are thrifty and industrious.
They are crowding to the church. Nearly every Sunday there
are Gregorians in the congregation who have come for the
inspiration and comfort that they cannot find in the old Church.
And how they sing! The hymns sounded as if a well-trained
chorus were singing, men and women who felt the meaning of
the words of hope and triumph they were saying. They looked
so pitifully clean and tidy in their darned pre-war clothes or in
the new and cheap (in quahty, not in price!) substitutes for the
good things that had been stolen from them, in the "black days."
The day before we had walked around the town. In the
Armenian quarter hardly a house is left intact. Some are
destroyed entirely, not one stone left upon another, and the
ground on which they were built is ploughed up. But more are
left half ruined, — doors and windows all gone, part of the walls
broken down, — just skeletons of houses. The furnishings and
personal property of the residents were taken. All the houses,
even of those who were saved from the long exile, were looted.
Even the daughters of the doctor mentioned above lost much of
their property. Now if one is lucky and has the cash to pay,
one can buy back his old possessions in the market, or from
individuals who are being forced by the Entente soldiers in
occupation to give up the stolen goods. One man was lucky.
His piano, a valuable one, was sold first for about thirty-five
326
Life and Light
[July- August
dollars. Finally after passing through several hands, it was
given as a present by a Turk to an Armenian in Constantinople
to whom he was under obligations. It chanced happily that this
Armenian was a close friend of the man from whom it was taken
at that low price. The receiver of the present returned it at
once to his friend, who thus had the piano and the thirty-five
dollars both ! But there were few cases like that.
The church was saved. Not one thing was stolen though
once the communion service was being taken away when
fortunately the doctor's daughter saw it. She asked the men,
**Do you know what that is?" "Of course, it is silver," they
answered. "Yes, but it is a holy thing that belongs to the Church
and something bad will happen to anyone who touches it," she
told them. They were frightened and put it back. The property
of the Girls' High School and its American teachers was put in
the church for safe keeping but everybody went and looked the
things over and took what he wished and dared to take. Now
the English readers belonging to the school are all over the town
and any pupil can buy one in the shops if he hasn't one at home.
For months the Government letters were written on stationery
on which was printed in Armenian, "Armenian Girls' High
School."
But the marvel is how these people have rebounded. It is the
Easter miracle over again. Only Christianity could give them
the courage and the self-sacrifice that they are showing. This
winter when the people were first returning, they met together
and formed a Red Cross Society to help those among their number
who needed what they could do. Representatives of both the
Gregorian and Protestant communities elected an Executive
Committee, the best five men they could find to whom to entrust
their gifts and the management of the little hospital they
determined to establish. It is interesting to note that though
only about one-third of those present at this organization meeting
were Protestants, they elected four Protestants and one Gregorian
with a Protestant wife, a "half-Protestant," they say. And
since then the whole community has given generously of money
19 19]
The Risen Life in Adabazar
327
and service. On Easter Day offerings were taken in the
Churches and in two of them, a big Gregorian one and the
smaller Protestant, 175 liras were collected, that is, with the
present rate of exchange $210.
We visited their hospital, a pathetic Httle place, because they
are so bravely doing the best they can with their small resources.
They have taken the sunny, airy second floor of an old shop
building and out of their slender stores have furnished ten iron
beds with mattresses and linen for them, a few pots and pans
and two or three stools and tables. The representatives of the
Lord Mayor's Fund who arrived in a town not far away about
the first of February gave them blankets. Six doctors, themselves
just returned from exile, give their services for a week at a
time in turn. The nurses are all untrained but the matron is
an educated woman who has a natural gift for nursing and they
all give devoted service freely. An Armenian shop-keeper in
Constantinople has given some instruments for less than the
pre-war cost prices. The little hospital is kept spotlessly clean
and the patients are doing very well.
They have started a school for their children. The deacon
mentioned above had been headmaster in the Girls' High School
and he and his wife, a former teacher, started a little school some
two 01^ three months ago in their own home. They have no
equipment or books except those stolen ones which the children
have bought in various places in the town. In no time they
had sixty children, which number increased to seventy-three
before the Easter vacation. The curriculum is simple, just
Armenian, English, arithmetic and singing. As soon as the
projected orphanage is started in the old Girls' School dormitory,
this school will be merged with the orphanage school in the big
school building.
The Turks are not pleased. Their consciences are too un-
pleasantly active for them to enjoy seeing the people they have
robbed. Now the English officer in charge of the occupation
here is forcing them to give up stolen goods. They had lived
rather happily on the whole with their Armenian neighbors
328
Life and Light
[July-August
formerly but after the deportations which were ordered from
above the return of the people they have so grossly wronged is
a constant irritation. Now they say, "Next time they won't
return." But they recognize clearly that they have done wrong.
A year or so ago there was a rather serious fire in the business
part of the city but one owner of large warehouses in the path
of the fire was very calm and confident that the fire would not
touch his property. On being questioned by his friends how he
could remain so calm he said, "The fire won't touch my ware-
houses because there isn't a thing in them stolen from the
Armenians." And it did not.
So the future is uncertain. Everything waits on the plans
made in Paris. They are not even repairing their houses more
than is absolutely necessary for if Adabazar is left under Turkish
control the Armenians say they will leave and go to the new
Armenia. But whether there in their old home or in the new
Armenia that community will live for like its Master it has
been crucified and risen again to new life.
Current events clubs, mission study groups, adult Bible classes,
young people's societies and all the folks who read the newspapers
and try to keep the thread of connection between Christian ideals
and present day news will turn gratefully to the book just writ-
ten by Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, D.D., Home Secretary of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. It is
entitled World Facts and America's Responsibility. (Association
Press, New York, $1.00) and it really is what its title implies. It
is the latest, most up to date study of international, interdenomi-
national, world Christian movements. Finished since peace nego-
tiations were entered upon, its chapters have a perspective and a
world vision which no book written wholly during the war could
possess. M. L. D,
Board of the Pacific
President, Mrs. E. A. Evans Editor, Mrs. E, R. Wagner
Home Secretary, Mrs. R. C. Kirkwood
Editorials
Dr. George C. Raynolds, veteran missionary of Van, Turkey,
tinder the American Board for fifty years of service, and who
left there during the war broken in health so that
his Hfe was despaired of, after two months and a
half in a hospital in Seattle, is now located at
Kingsburg, Calif., in a colony of his beloved
Armenians, many of whom were members of his flock in Turkey.
He was a recent visitor at the Board Rooms, having come up
to see Dr. Patton and to meet five of his Armenian friends who
were arriving by steamer from the Orient, having made their
way to America under the greatest of difficulties. Two were
voung women who come to prepare themselves as teachers, the
others young men who wish to enter the university to complete
their education. One of these is a boy who has stood in a very
personal relation to Dr. Raynolds these many years, in some
measure taking the place of the children he lacks.
In spite of his eighty years, with returning health Dr.
Raynolds' face instinctively turns toward Turkey and the poor
people there who need his ministrations as never before.
The coming of Dr. Cornelius H. Patton of the American
Board to San Francisco on his way to China and Japan where
he will make surveys of mission work in those countries for the
Interchurch World Movement, was the signal for much activity
in the Bay region among Board and church circles, to say nothing
of his two nieces in Berkeley who had made their wedding plans
to fit the occasion of his coming.
The Woman's Board of the Pacific issued three hundred
(329)
330
Life and Light
[July-August
invitations to women for the afternoon of Wednesday, May
14th, at the Palace Hotel to hear Dr. Patton on the recent
developments in Turkey, while at the same place on Thursday
was held a laymen's luncheon to hear him on America's oppor-
tunity in case she is made mandatory for Turkey. These
addresses were in the interests of the Emergency Fund of the
A. B. C. F. M. and generous pledges were made on both these
occasions. Oakland First and Berkeley First had the privilege
of having both Dr. Patton and Dr. Raynolds at the Sunday
services.
E. s. B.
Shadows are not always dark, but are full of promise.
"Coming events cast their shadows before."
Mount Hermon Federate School of Missions,
Mount Hermon, California, July 5-12, with beau-
Shadows Be j^g^^, text-books, and an inspiring leader.
Plan now for the Annual fleeting of W. B.
^I. P.. September 3rd, in San Francisco.
^^'e on the Pacific Coast are beginning to see the Rainbow.
We have heard of a "little rainbow" at San Jose, which was
most beautifully combined with Mother and
Help Make Daughter's Day. Mothers, daughters and
zhe Rainbow. grandmothers made the supper a family one,
neighbors made it neighborly, and guests from
afar inspired it with the world-wide need and call. Miss Edith
Parsons of Brcusa made a masterly address, reviewing the
relations of the United States and Turkey. Asia Minor with
its vast undeveloped resources had b^en coveted by every nation
except the United States. She discussed possible mandatory
relations, and made very vivid the great privilege before America
if we rise to the opportunity. Are we individually ready to do
our oart that this poverty-stricken, war-torn unfortunate country
may be given its chance to take an honored place among the
nations ?
19 19]
Editorials
331
The new movement being promoted by the three \\'oman's
Boards for conserving the enthusiasm of the young women
shown i:i Red Cross work during the war and
Generosity of serve oar mission hospitals and dispensaries, has
Red Cross. turning it into missionary channels, where it will
been auspiciously inaugurated by the Board of
the Pacific with a gift of hospital supplies valued at $2,500
which have been sent to the American Board hospitals in China
and India.
This was made possible by the generosity of the Pacific
Division of the American Red Cross who were interviewed by
the B. M. P. Committee in charge of this work, and responded
with a generous donation of twenty-nine cases of surgical
dressings, the selection being made under the direction of Dr.
Susan Tallmon-Sargent, for fourteen years our physician at
Lintsing, China. The Committee were further aided by the
gratuitous services of Mr. F. F. G. Harper, the shipping agent,
and the remitting of freight charges by the Pacific Steamship
Co. and the Robert Dollar Company who ship the cases to
Shanghai.
The Board feels justly proud of these expressions of Western
liberality which, though characteristic in kind, very evidently
show the new valuation which has come to be placed on our
missionary work in foreign countries, and hopes it is but the
beginning of good things to come. E. s. b.
Greetings from Gogoyo
Message from Mrs. John Dysart, Portuguese East Africa:
As the rising sun, casting its resplendent rays across Chit-
abatonga peaks and into our valley, brings promise of a new day,,
spurring us on with renewed courage, hope and power, so, too,
the letter from the Woman's Board for the Pacific with its
generous gift towards the opening of work among the women
and girls of Gogoyo inspires us with renewed hope and vigor.
It means not only that a small building can be erected and a
332
Life and Light
[July-Augfust
teacher paid for a time, but it means also, and oh, how vitally
important this is, that the work has found a place in your hearts
and prayers. The hands at the machinery are important, but
the power that sets and keeps the machinery going — what would
we do without it?
Are you seeking encouragement and inspiration in order to
keep this power going? Would that I could give it! In the
spring while plowing his field and sowing the seed the farmer
can not give any report of harvest. If he knows his soil and
the seed, he might promise and he might prophecy, but he knows
not the weather, so he fears to do either. But he works on
"hoping and rejoicing.
We know our seed, and we have fair hopes of the soil, but the
weather — no weather prophet can tell us what the government
might do. It does not look upon mission school with favorable
eyes. But prayers have already removed "mountains" here, why
not again ?
We have not yet applied for permission to open a school owing
to our land concession not yet being granted, but as soon as the
rains are over, a surveyor is coming to put the finishing touches
to the requirements, which will enable us to apply for our grant.
At the same time we will send in our application for a school.
Meanwhile the seed is being sown in the hearts of those we
have about us daily, and the signs of the harvest are encouraging
— the first fruits are appearing. One of these, a wee little new
born infant, whose mother went down into the depths and crossed
the valley of the shadow of death, leaving her homeless and
friendless, was brought here on the verge of starvation — the
pangs of hunger refusing to be coaxed or satisfied by the stiff
porridge softened by saliva in the mouth of an old wizened
woman. But through Mrs. Lawrence's timely and wisely given
aid, she has become a fine specimen of what love and careful
nursing will do. I said that she is friendless. Her father,
however, is away at the mines. But whether he fell a victim
to the Spanish influenza, or is still among the living, no one seems
to know.
19 19J
Field Correspondents
333
Then, too, there is Makofa and Soniye — both bright girls in
their teens. The latter has not yet openly expressed her desire
to become a Christian, but her heart is touched and, I think we
^an truly say she is not far from the Kingdom. Both these girls
are now in our homes and give every indication of being earnest,
faithful and sincere.
There are many others such as these and younger ones, who if a
<iesire is awakened in their hearts to know something of our God,
will come to our school as soon as it opens.
Some time ago when two of our evangelists were touring the
district several men, who had been influenced by Christianity
while away at the mines, came and asked them to take their
children and bring them to the mission school as they wanted
them to learn about the Christian's religion. When they heard
that the missionaries had not yet arrived, and hence no school
in progress, they were very much disappointed.
For these and others, we are hoping and praying and planning
and their behalf, we express again our heartfelt appreciation for
gifts and prayers which already are ours, and hope that they may
increase as the work enlarges.
Field Correspondents
Miss Anna L. Daniels writes from Trebizond, Turkey, April 10, 1919:
I have been here just a week and I will tell you a little of our
first days of real work, the kind for which we came, I mean.
First let me say that mail comes from and goes to Constantinople
^every Friday through the British consulate office here and we are
quite delighted to find it so.
It took us a few days to get our bearings and get started,
though the two women doctors did make a beginni^g immediately
to investigate buildings for a hospital, as I wrote you and one
returned to Constantinople to make report and if permission was
given get the hospital unit together. She has not yet returned.
334
Life and Light
[July-August
Monday morning we made a beginning by going to a Greek
school building near by where refugees are staying. I thought
I had seen poverty down South or in the North End or on the
East Side, but 1 never saw anything to equal this. I never
dreamed that human beings could go around clothed in such
tatters, and lack of tatters or anything in the way of clothing, as
I saw here. It was a cold day and many of the feeble or sick
ones or children were in bed to keep warm. Huddled together
in what at first might seem to be a heap of quilts on a cement
floor in one corner of a room, their few goods and chattels beside
them, you would find maybe a sick mother with two children,
while another child or two or three of them hovered by. In
each corner of the room was a similar sight. At our heels, as we
went from family to family questioning as to name, ages, home,
needs, etc., would follow a train of these brown-eyed, curiously
dressed and chattering people. If they weren't at our heels they
were peering in at the window. We found two families who
were in two days to go to their home, a six days' walk away. They
had land there but no seed. We then promised corn and a spade
to them.
In the case of some of the sick we ordered some one of the
family to come and get either medicine or food. One woman
had at the entrance a cow which her uncle had given her when
she was small. Things were kept much more clean than one
would have supposed. Their mats, rugs, and copper utensils
were generally arranged neatly. But the worst case we found
was an old grandfather with four children, aged twelve, nine,
six and four. Their mother had died and been buried the day
before only. Grandfather and two sick children were in bed,
groaning and crying. We had the boy of twelve make a little
fire outside and we made some malted milk. He built it between
two bricks and had to stay on his hands and knees blowing to
keep it going. We decided, if considered advisable by our
assembled family, to take the children away, put them in our
empty schoolroom and take care of them. The boy said the
little brother was *'sick nigh unto death." His face and feet
19 19]
Field Correspondents
335
were swollen, his limbs like toothpicks and he had prolapsus of
the rectum all caused by lack of food. We came home in time
for dinner and after dinner we all set to work, made slips for
hay mattresses, slips to enclose the blankets. We hunted through
the boxes of old clothes we had and fixed up an outfit for each,
consisting or shirt and drawers or union suit, flannel skirt and
jacket effect, none of which fitted and made the children look
grotesque but they were for bed clothes.
Tuesday morning they arrived. We had a fire going in the
wash-house in the yard. Miss Voight, the nurse, and I were to
get them fixed up. Miss Voight washed them in a tub set in a
wooden trough so the water could run out easily. I wiped and
dressed. At the same time one of our staff clipped the hair and
put on bichloride of mercury, wrapping their heads in a cloth. As
each was finished I wrapped him up in a red flannel kimono and
carried him to the house and put him in bed. There the doctor
had warm malted milk ready. Their old clothes we burned.
Meanwhile somebody was making over some old trousers for the
boy. His name is Constantine. One of the little girls is Sophia
and the other two unpronounceable. In the three days they
have picked up wonderfully. Sophia is up today and cute and
bright as anything. Constantine is bright, too, and asked for
paper and pencil yesterday. He wrote down Turkish words
then got us to tell them in English. He has learned to count
and is beginning to put words together.
Wednesday came some women who could sew and I cut out
some little one-piece under garments for these children. They
carried them home and will be paid for their work. Tuesday
and Friday are the days the people come for help and Tuesday
we had a crowd. Three hundred odd families, averaging five
in each, were given money and in some cases clothes and
medicine. Ten piastres, a little over ten cents may be given or
a few more, as the case demands. For this they may wait all
day, sitting in the yard or fighting for the next chance. It is
hard to keep order with so many. Some are ill-mannered and
horribly dirty and ragged and repulsive, others have seen good
336
Life and Light
[July-August
days and show refinement. Little can be done for their illnesses-
so far, as we have no medical supplies. Some of the cases are
followed up. One of us goes home with a person to see if his
story is true, as, for example, a boy of twelve who was very
loath to have Dr. Mitchell go home with him. Dr. Mitchell
followed him down this street and up the next and the little boy
went faster and got farther and farther ahead and finally when
he got to a crowd at a corner he just disappeared entirely.
Yesterday we went to visit and inspect the orphanage for
Armenians. They were just moving in, the Greeks having taken
care of them so far. Several women, men, boys and girls were
busy setting up crude wooden cots with hay mattresses and
quilts. It is in a large and quite fine building which was once a
French boarding school for boys. Turkish soldiers used it during
the war and they left their marks. Then we went to the Turkish
bath where they were to be bathed, hair clipped and newly clothed
before going to their new quarters. There are about fifty of
them. A pastor's wife and daughter, with a few women, will
have charge and they seem quite competent. We will help them
with clothes and money and we gave them some of our furniture
from the kindergarten as a loan.
Dr. Ryan meanwhile is at work with men and boys who can
and will work, Armenians and Greeks, at cleaning up. First,
the yard, then the grounds, then the street in front, an alley or two
and now around the hospital which we hope to have, also the
cemetery. Then men lug away the trash in big baskets on their
backs to a pile where it is afterward buried. He has had twelve
carcasses of horses buried and this order made the men open
their eyes till they nearly popped out. He ordered a Turkish
woman to clean up her yard and she went to work quickly with
her handleless broom.
Every night at nine the Turkish watchman begins his beat.
We know it because he beats at the gate with his metal pointed
can, the hour. It is so many hours from sun down. The time
is reckoned by sunset and sunrise and at noon a cannon goes off.
Since we have been here three girls have been gotten away from-.
19 1 9J
Field Correspondents
337
Turkish families. The last one ran away, a child of twelve and
smileless.
There is a minaret in sight of one of our windows and five
times daily the priest comes out and gives the call to prayer.
Our hope of a trip to Ordoo or Keresoon to look around for
prospects of orphanage work is not given up yet. We simply have
to wait for a boat. Going by land is quite out of the question.
There is great need in those two towns and they are asking for
us. We can't gather the children together till we have something
to put on them and for them to sleep on. can't have those
till we get some materials from Constantinople. And when we
get that the things must be made. But there is enough to do here
for the present, getting our hand in under the tutelage of those
who already know the ropes.
Miss Petersen, in charge of an Armenian orphanage at Harpoot, sup-
ported by Danish funds, writes to Relief Commission:
Would it be possible for me to buy from your suppHes stuff for
dresses and underclothing for the children? They are almost in
a worse condition than the children outside. I have been so
ashamed to have them going around in rags ! I have a few sick
children I would like to give over to your care when you come.
It has been a dreadful time — we could not get the most common
of needed medicines in any of the pharmacies. I hope you will
bring some tooth-brushes, thread, garters, etc. Please come soon 1
Letter from Nurse Sarra of Harpoot to Dr. Parmelee:
What great joy it is to hear from you! Our hearts are filled
with gratitude to God for returning to us such consecrated and
priceless spirits as yourselves and for separating them but a short
time from us. We are thankful that God allowed us to have but
little trouble, and grateful that not only our friends are returning
but other noble persons have joined their group. The harvest
is truly great, the reapers, also, must be many.
Poor Miss Jacobsen runs from morn till eve, and sometimes
loses sleep at night, in order to accomplish all her tasks. In the
338
Life and Light
[July-August
last two months she las lost twelve pounds and has grown pale,
Avorking incessantly, with but little rest. One minute she is here
at the infirmary ; the next at the sick bed of a child in an
orphanage; another minute she is comforting a wailing orphan
in the street ; the next minute she is at the cloth factory, bidding
the weavers hasten, in order to clothe the thousands of shivering
ones ; then to the wool-shop to rebuke the slow hands and order
that yarn be more quickly prepared for sweaters and bloomers ;
now, a call to the operating table to lance an abscess or give
chloroform for drastic treatment of ''scald-head" ; then she runs
to prepare food and beds for the many American workers whom
she joyfully expects. Come now to the office, filled to the door
with half-clothed orphans, — for one she cuts out a shirt ; for
another bloomers ; for a third, a dress ; to the fourth she fits a
sweater — thus filling each one's need, she bids them go, with a
sweet smile.
W^hen a telegram or letter comes, Miss Jacobsen rejoices and
gladdens our hearts, too. For two months we have been counting
days and minutes impatiently after each telegram until later news
comes to postpone our hopes. Many times have we watched the
two roads on the plain, to see whether, perchance, any specks are
rapidly moving toward us, but in vain !
My work is hardly worth mentioning. I have cared for ten
confinement cases — most of them all by myself. I am working
in the infirmary where we care for the sick orphans. We have
sometimes had over forty patients. Fortunately most of them
recover. We long for the day when wx can have an equipped
hospital, because we have almost nothing with which to work.
Please extend my best wishes to all your "Armenian-loving"
companions.
Miss Annie L. Kentfield writes from Diongloh of the Bible Women's
work as she has been observing it since joining the Foochow
Mission in 1918:
Sitting with a teacher for five hours a day and imitating those
combinations of sounds that make up the Foochow dialect, —
19 19]
Field Correspondents
339
this has been my work since I arrived in Foochow on November
seventh. But observing the work of others has been so inter-
esting that 1 am going to pass on a few glimpses of what is being
■done in Diongloh as I have seen it.
First, we will spend an afternoon with the Bible Woman, Mrs.
Hu. She goes first to the home of one of the wealthiest families
in the town, the Ding family. Mrs. Ding is teaching her children
to read in the beautiful garden. She is not a Christian but is
interested in Christianity and Mr. Ding has been to church several
times. They cordially receive Mrs. Hu, serve tea around the
little stone table and then become interested in the stories about
the Bible pictures she has brought along. The little boy can
point out Jesus healing the sick man of the palsy, and remembers
other stories of Christ's healing. Mr. Ding joins his family and
listens attentively to these stories of the ''Jesus doctrine/' now
and then putting in a question.
We go from there to a house where in a dark inner room three
women are spinning on cumbrous hand looms. They spin all
day, they say, for ten cents. One leaves her work long enough
to bring chairs and then while feet and fingers fly Mrs. Hu asks
them if they remember what she has taught them about Jesus.
Yes, they remember and want to hear more. At the end of the
story they eageily entreat her to come often and tell them about
this Man who was a friend of the poor.
As we go down a narrow street a ragged slave girl is emptying
a dustpan at the door of a large house. Mrs. Hu whispers, *T
don't know these people, but the Spirit tells me to enter." So
she sends the girl scurrying away to call her mistress, who soon
comes to invite us into her reception room. All the women of
the house come to see the strangers and what a pitiful sight they
are, with their painted cheeks, tiny bound feet and empty faces as
they sit and puff on their long pipes ! The conversation naturally
turns upon this queer foreigner with the strange clothes. Mrs.
Hu seizes her opportunity to tell them of the Christ whose love
is so great that these people have come all the way from America
to tell about it. Before she leaves, she promises to come again
340
Life and Light
[July-August
and tell them more about that Name which they have never heard
before.
W'Q had started for the house across the street. Here we find
a bright eager little woman whose little girl has just entered our
girls' school. But there on their pedestals are the idols with
the incense burning before them.
''Have the idols ever helped you, ever done you any good?"
asked Mrs. Hu.
"Oh, yes, I suppose so," comes the indifferent answer.
Then follows an earnest talk on the futility of idol worship
and the nature of the true God.
On the way home Mrs. Hu stops to comfort with Christian
hope a mother who has just lost a daughter ; to reprimand a group
of women who are gambling; and here and there to greet a
Christian or a learner. Everywhere she is gladly welcomed and
in every home she witnesses for Christ.
Now come to our kindergarten room on Sunday morning. The
narrow backless benches are lined with children from four to
eight years old, — eighty or ninety of them, — while the windows
and doors are crowded with men from the street. While the
children sing, "J^sus Loves Me," and fold their little hands in
prayer, I'm sure a little goes over to those listening outside, and
that the children carry to their heathen homes not only the
precious picture postcard, but the lesson of the Sunday School as
well.
Sunday afternoon we shall go to Half-\\'ild Village where the
Christian work is just opening up at the request of a leading man
of the town. The small organ which a man has brought on his
back, is set down in the street and the little band of missionaries
and teachers from Diongloh start a favorite hymn. Of course a
crowd gathers and then someone invites them to enter the house,
where, in the large reception room, without chairs and with a
pile of straw in one corner, a service is held. Water Gold, our
charming little kindergartner, tells the story to the children,
illustrating it with a large colored picture, and one of the mis-
sionaries or teachers gives a simple talk to the adults and offers
19 19]
Field Correspondents
341
a prayer. The same people come Sunday after Sunday and
attend the services with remarkable reverence.
It was quite a surprise when first we entertained the Woman's
Home Missionary Society to learn that we must prepare tea and
cakes for fifty people. And most of them came, too ! They
didn't bring their knitting, but one brought bamboo hats to weave,
and several brought their babies.
The opportunities for Bible Women's work, work with children,
and street and chapel preaching are very great. Two Bible
Women cannot begin to visit all the homes in a town of thirty
thousand inhabitants. Had we the workers we could have at
least four Sunday Schools like the one at our kindergarten, and
all around us are towns like Half-Wild Village where there is no
Sunday service because our workers are already overburdened
with the care of other towns. But our schools are preparing
the future workers, and the churches are takmg increased respon-
sibility for their support. To one just commg to the field the
outlook is most encouraging and offers ample opportunity for
service.
From personal letters of Rev. Emmons E. White of the Madura
Mission, we are permitted to use the following:
Last January the Mission voted that Mrs. White and I reside
in the mission bungalow in Tirumangalam, where I am now
writing this. Tirumangalam is a little town of a few thousand
people, located twelve or thirteen miles southwest of Madura on
the railroad running from Madura to Tuticorin. On this com-
pound there is, besides the church, a boarding school in which
are more than sixty boys and girls. These children come for a
common-school education from several neighboring villages
where there are churches or congregations of Christians. U you
could see their bright faces and compare them with those of
Mohammedan or Hindu children's faces as they pass you on the
streets here, you would need no further proof of the value — the
supreme ivorthwhileness — of mission work in India. Honestly, I
do not easily love other persons besides my nearest friends —
i.e., with real warmth of feeling, but I have come to love these
342
Life and Light
[July-August
boys and girls and to desire mightily to give them the very best
I have got — of education, of Christian good fun and fellowship
and training in religion and character. So may Tamil take deep
root in my mental make-up, and you pray for me, my friends,
that I may be privileged to get close to the heart of the Indian.
Of course there is plenty of work to do in all our mission
districts, so that wherever Mrs. White and I are sent we can be
used for much good. Our mission is divided roughly into five
councils, or areas of work. These are: the North, the Central,
the South, the East and the West councils. Tirumangalam and
Madura are centers for our work in the Central council, Palni
for the North, Aruppkottai for the South, Manamadura for the
East and Battlagundu for the West. Mr. Elwood and Mr.
Martin are in the North, Mr. Jeffery in the South, Mr. Vaughn
in the East, Dr. Tracy and Mr. Matthews in the West, while
there is no one in charge of the central work of the district,
whose center is properly here. That means that in that Council
territory, where about a quarter of the Mission's native popula-
tion live, there is only one man to each of these! I admit that,
but wish to point to the fact that, under present policy of work,
only one man to a district is financially responsible and practic-
ally in charge of the work of that district. These districts are,
comparatively speaking, fairly well under management. In the
West council section, on the other hand, Mr. Matthews lives
at Battlagundu and is able to do good work right around there,
but unable to reach easily the masses of people located south-
west of him in Kumbum Valley region. It is at a strategic point
in that region that the Mission hopes some day to be able to
build a bungalow and station a district missionary. This stra-
tegic point is in the village called Virapandy.
( To be co7icluded)
Prayer
^^^^^^
Encircling
at Noontide
the Earth
AROUND THE COUNCIL TABLE WITH OUR PRESIDENT
God's Investment Hour
(Concluded from the May Number)
The briefly stated facts in the May issue, as well as those which
follow, are meant to be suggestive for current events in the mis-
sionary meeting, not simply in that of the auxiliary, but also in
the general mid-week service.
May they not also serve for "light" missionary reading as
friend sits with friend on the porch, one with her work, the other
staged to read aloud ? In the latter situation I can fancy a small
group discussing one point and another. "Is that true?" "Why
does not the church provide enough teachers?" And then the
expected debate on Good Turks versus Bad Turks. It might be
stimulating. Some one is sure to exclaim, "I never realized
that before !"
Every American missionary is unconsciously a representative
of American trade.
If I were an American business man I would see that every
American missionary in China was supplied at least once a year
with a copy of my latest catalogue.
There are about 2,400,000 blind people in the world. Egypt
leads all other nations.
The poverty of the world is so great that 500,000,000 of our
race sleep on dirt floors.
The solution of all material reconstruction in Africa is a land
solution. .,. ... ..
Agricultural missionaries are increasingly noticeable in Board,
lists.
(343)
344
Life and Light
[July-August
Abyssinia is awaking religiously, the original cause being the
Bible put out by the British and Foreign Bible Society.
About 500 new Abyssinian Christians have organized them-
selves as teachers to instruct children in the Scriptures.
Eastern Maine Branch
The Eastern Maine Branch met May 23 in Belfast, Maine, for
its twentieth annual meeting. Miss Estella L. Coe and Miss
Kyle were the speakers. The Branch reports were very en-
couraging and showed an increase in interest and a substantial
gain in the treasury. The treasurer, Mrs. J. G. Denio of Bangor,
spoke of the fact that several of the smaller churches which had
never before contributed to the Woman's Board had this year
met their apportionment.
Mrs. George H. Eaton of Calais, who has served the Branch
as president since its separation from Western Maine in 1899,
felt that she must this year decline re-election. Her resignation
was regretfully accepted and the following resolutions heartily
adopted :
"On the occasion of the retirement of our beloved President, Mrs.
George H. Eaton, I wish to move that resolutions of regret and appre-
ciation be passed by the members of the Eastern Maine Branch of the
Woman's Board of Missions.
We have enjoyed the privilege of Mrs. Eaton's leadership since the
formation of the Branch, twenty years ago, and to her we owe more than
to any other the development of our present organization.
Beginning the work in an untried field, when the Maine Branch was.
in December, 1899, divided into the Western and Eastern Branches, and
taking in what may well be called the home missionary half of the State
— the churches themselves being largely dependent upon home missionary
support — and with the handicap of great distances, and meagre and
inadequate facilities for travel, she has yet succeeded in holding the
Branch together in interest and efficiency to a marked degree. Her
unswerving loyalty to the best interests of the Woman's Board, her
earnest purpose, as seen in our executive meetings, her generosity, and
her trust in her officers, have always been a source of inspiration and
encouragement.
Therefore be it resolved: That we accept with sincere regret Mrs.
19 19]
A Young Woman's Church Club
345
Eaton's resignation, hoping that notwithstanding her withdrawal from
the active executive work she will still be a power among us through her
sympathy and wisdom.
Resolved : That this resolution be spread upon the records of this
meeting, and a copy presented to Mrs. Eaton as a reminder of the esteem
and affection of the Eastern Maine Branch.
Mrs. David X. Beach of Bangor succeeds ^Irs. Eaton and will
enlist the loyal support of the constituency. l. e. j.
Junior Department
A Young Woman's Church Club
By Florence Westerfield
Young People's Secretary of the New Jersey Branch
The following is an extract from an address given by Mrs. Westerfield at the
Conference for the leaders of the New Jersey Branch. We believe it will be sug-
gestive to many of our leaders, especially to those who are concerned with young
women's work. Not all Conquest Campaign groups wDuld wish to handle the Influence
and Money sections in just this way — many will prefer to include under the duties of
the Influence Committee the features which were originally planned for it and to keep
the foreign investments completely under the direction of the Money Committee,
though relating all four branches to each other. This plan, however, as Mrs.
"Westerfield has described it, is a good example of the successful carrying out of the
Program in an individual church and its strong influence on the young women by
-whom it is truly adopted. R. I. S.
About five of us who had heard Miss Preston, were ready to
form a church club. We decided to draw lots for the chair-
manship of the five Conquest Campaign committees, prayer,
intelligence, finance, influence and hand work, with the under-
standing that each of us was responsible for presenting plans
October 1st, to a gathering of young women between the ages of
twenty and thirty in our church neighborhood. The summer
would give us time to form our committees and to make ourselves
familiar with the subject in hand.
We drew lots and Jane, who had been perhaps the most
thoughtless of any of us, drew the word "prayer." It happened
that Jane had never thought about prayer in connection with her
social chums. However she started by reading her Gospel over,
with special attention to Jesus' prayers. She found them a
preparation for action, which she applied to her own case. She
346
Life and Light
[July-August
found in a book store a book of prayers for girls by Margaret
Slattery, which she bought because she had once heard her speak ;
and she bought also the "Meaning of Prayer," because so many
references had been made to it in a Lenten class she had attended.
Jane obtained a good deal from these books personally. Prayer
as a listening to God as to what He would have us do, and as a
tuning of ourselves to be an instrument used by God's hand, were
inspiring thoughts to Jane. Xow, how to pray for missions?
She decided to write down first what she thought possible and
desirable for this group of girls.
L She wanted the club to inspire the girls' expression of
friendship to each other.
2. • She thought it should be a kind of home service league
to the missionaries at the front.
3. She thought they could find work to do in the churchy
handing on to the children some of the fruits of their own
experience.
Xow what did these desires require of her personally? She
was rather amazed when she realized she must know all the girls,
know some of the missionaries at least, and know what was
needed most by the children of their church. Suddenly Jane
realized this meant intelligence, — she would go to Hilda.
Hilda was a college girl and knew how to go about things.
She had heard of Northfield summer camps for mission study^
so she went to the Woman's Society of her church and asked if
they would send her to Xorthfield for two weeks, paying thirty
dollars toward her expenses. The senior society had been ''Con-
quest Campaigning" also, so they decided to take this financial
venture for the use of their church young women. So it was that
Hilda was filled with information and enthusiasm from X^orth-
field when Jane came to her. "Know any missionaries and special
needs to pray for ? Indeed I do. I've made a list of special needs
in special fields, and here are prayer calendars with the names
and occupations of our home and foreign workers."
But when *the girls came to Jane's third point, intelligence
about the needs of their own church, they sobered a bit. "I
19 19]
A Young Woman's Church Club
347
wonder if ^Irs. Brown, our Junior Lookout could tell us. Maybe
that's what she's for, to find Sunday School teachers and someone
to be interested in young people's work."
Before they went to Mrs. Brown, they turned back to Jane's
first point. And Hilda said, "^^lly, to find out each girl's needs
it just means coming together in friendly fashion, doesn't it?
Why couldn't we do some hand work? That means Alice."
Alice had been active in Red Cross work and had found by
inquiry that all the refugee garments were equally acceptable in
mission fields, not reached by the Greatest Mother in the World.
Baby clothes wouldn't require much material and would be
pleasant sewing. Some of the girls could knit and if any were
more interested in brain work they could provide the intelligence
end of the program. But suddenly Alice faced the question of
how to finance the buying of material. She must call up the
finance committee of course.
Alice found Helen had started with a budget calling for $100.
Not because Helen saw just where the money was to come from,
but because it was an easy sum to work with. There were two
ways of getting the money, giving an entertainment, or pledging
the money themselves. The latter appealed to her, as to Alice,
because then they might have money in hand to start with, while
the entertainment might require more time and effort than they
were free to give. If they had twenty-five members, each must
be responsible for $4. and as some girls were supporting them-
selves and could perhaps give $1. each, the other girls must give
more. The sum could be earned or donated by anyone interested.
If she had $100. then Helen would give:
$30. to Alice for flannel, nainsook and wool and diapering.
$30. to Hilda for buying books and speakers' traveling expenses.
$30. to Ruth for influence.
$10. for a balance on hand.
Just what did Ruth mean to do with thirty dollars' worth of
influence Helen wondered, so she went to see Ruth, whom she
found with two puckers in her forehead, and in front of her
pencil, paper, Bible and dictionary. On the paper was written
348
Life and Light
[July-August
influence-magnetization. ''How could their girls' club magnetize
others with joy in missionary endeavor?"
Ruth had been thinking about Christ and the disciples. What
magnetized those disciples? The example of Christ. Then the
personal behaviour of the girls themselves and the way they
measured up to the deeds of the good Samaritan, was one way
they might influence. Christ taught more by his life than what
he said, or his words were of value because He lived what he
taught.
Ruth said, ''There must be visiting the members who are ill,
and sympathy shown any member who is in trouble, by the right
kind of an influence committee. And as to who our own dis-
ciples are to be, who, if not the children of our church? Wasn't
being a Sunday School teacher an opportunity to magnetize?"
The girls began to see their task in clearer vision, extending
from their own small circle to the great circle included in the
message "Go ye unto all nations, preaching the good tidings and
teaching them, whatsoever things I have commanded you." But
how did Christ continue his enthusiasm and magnetism, — even
in spite of great discouragement? By keeping in constant
communion with the Father. Then prayer was necessary in all
things, — the girls had made a complete circle and were back at
the point where Jane had started.
The five chairmen next called on Mrs. Brown, the Junior
Lookout, to ascertain the way the club might be helpful to their
•own church. It seems that their church had the custom of a
young people's communal meal held Sunday nights at six o'clock
where a simple "sit-down" supper was served for ten cents per
person. The service following was held as they sat at table. As
the attendants at these meetings were high school girls and boys,
Mrs. Brown wanted the chairmen of the committees to be older
young people, and suggested the young married people of the
■church. Did the new club think they could supply chairmen of
telephone, hostess, supper and missionary committees for the
following year?
The telephone committee would express regret to absentees
19 1 9]
A Young Woman's Church Club
349
that they had not been present. The hostess committee would
be ready to greet the boys and girls as they trooped in to the
community house to supper. The supper committee might
simplify a large task by an endless chain idea, each week the
committee to appoint one for the following week, the Girls' Club
standing behind them.
The missionar) committee would provide a speaker once a
month who would describe objects for gifts of money derived
from entertainments given by a committee formed of the young
people themselves with Mrs. Brown. The five girls agreed to
try this co-operation.
What were the results of this Club at the end of the year?
A Good Samaritan Club had been formed of twenty-five members
which had increased to thirty-five during the year. Meetings
were held the 15th of each month alternating afternoon and
evening meetings. Nearly perfect attendance was secured by
the influence committee. To write a personal letter to a missionary
was required of any absentee.
The pledge system raised $100; ten gave $1. each, ten gave
^5. each, five gave $8. each. A chapter of one of the two study
books was given at each meeting.
One subscription was given to the World Outlook at $1.50,
each copy to be handed from member to member and carefully
read.
Two complete infant's wardrobes were made, one sent to a
missionary's wife in Idaho, where the family income was $600 a
year for six people.
Each member was handed a memorandum at each meeting for
her individual prayer during that month, a missionary, a field,
and the special needs. Prayer was oflFered at each meeting by a
member of the prayer committee. Each member had read "The
Meaning of Prayer." Two speakers were heard during the year,
one from the home field, one from the foreign. Five dollars
were paid to each to cover expenses. The Intelligence Committee
had eighteen dollars left to send Alice to Xorthfield preparatory
-to her starting a mission band in the fall.
350
Life and Light
[July-August
Letters had been received from Miss Wheeler in India, from
Miss McClure in China and from the missionary's wife in Idaho.
The Influence Committee reported :
$5.00 spent on gifts to members who were ill.
$5.00 " " May Festival for children of New Jersey.
$5.00 " Christmas gifts for colored peoples' mission.
$5.00 " " Porto Rico hospital.
$5.00 " " Madura Hospital in India.
$5.00 in reserve.
Then the balance in hand proved $13.00 as the new members
had raised the general fund somewhat. It was voted to keep a
balance of $5. on hand and to divide the surplus between the
Schauffler School at Cleveland and Miss Wheeler's salary.
What brought about these results ? Five girls, — five girls,
inspired, enthusiastic and purposeful.
Miss Pauline Jeffery of Madura sends this extract from a letter of a
former Capron Hall pupil, showing the influence of these high
school girls in their villages:
''One day we went to a place named Ramarajapuran and
preached the gospel there ; even the low caste people say that
their relatives won't touch them or speak to them if they become
Christians. While we were speaking, there came a high caste
man, and after listening for some time he said, 'What, are you
about to make these pariahs, these slaves, our equals?' Now
they call Us, 'Swami, Swami' (God, God), and respect us as their
lords, and if they become Christians they will wear shirts and
jackets and they won't mind us, but will try to be like ourselves."
He also spoke very proudly of his riches; (of course he is a
very rich man). Then I told him the story of the rich man and
Lazarus, saying that there is no use in accumulating riches. Again
he asked, Ts your Christ higher than our Pcruman (great man) ?'
At once we showed him a printed booklet in which was written
'Jesus, Pcruman (Jesus, the great one, or Lord), and said,
'Periiman is the same God we speak about to you.' The man
went away without saying another word."
19 19]
Receipts
351
Woman's Board of Missions
Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, Treasurer
Receipts, May 1—31, 1919
Friend, 200; Friend, 5,
205 00
MAINE
Eastern Branch. — Mrs. J. Ger-
trude Denio, Treas., 347 Ham-
mond St., Bangor. Friend, 30,
Bangor, All Souls' Ch., Wo-
man's Assoc., 142.49, Jr. Aux.,
25, Hammond St. Ch., 12.62,
S. S., 1, Prim. S. S., 2; Ban-
gor, East, Ladies' Sewing Cir.,
3; Bar Harbor, W. M. S.,
7.75, C. R., 13.57; Belfast,
First Ch., Women, 9, Girls'
Club, O. J. S., 2; Brewer,
South, Ch., 5; Brooks, Ch., 1;
Bucksport, Elm St. Ch., La-
dies' Benev. Soc, 5, S. S., 5,
Good Bird Club, 1.25; Burling-
ton, Ch., 5; Dexter, Aux., 8,
S. S., 2; Eastport, Woman's
Assoc., 3; Ellsworth Falls, Ch.,
1; Fort Fairfield, Ch., 7;
Hampden, Ch., 20; Houlton,
Woman's Miss. Union, 25;
Island Falls, Emerson Class, 7;
Jackman, Ch., 2; Lincoln, Ch.,
5; Machiasport, Ch., 3; Mil-
bridge, Ch., 1; Millinocket, La-
dies' Aid, 5; Monson, Ch., 1;
Otter Creek, Aux., 10, M. B.,
8.50; Patten, Ch., Women, 3;
Portage, Ch., 1; Princeton,
Ch., 5; Robbinston, Ch., 1;
Rockland, Ch., Women, 18,
Pagoda Mission, 25; Sears-
port, First Ch., W. M. S., 8;
Stockton Springs, Ch., 1 ;
Thorndike, Ch., 1; Veazie, Ch.,
3, 445 18
W estern Maine Branch. — Miss
Annie F. Bailey, Treas., 132
Chadwick St.. Portland. Al-
fred, Ladies' Union, 10; Bruns-
wick, Aux., 90; Fryeburg,
Aux., 15; Portland, State St.
Ch., Aux., 315.80, Prim. S. S.,
6.30, Evening Guild, 10, Wil-
liston Ch., Aux., 66.50, Cov.
Dau., 125; Winslow, Aux., 6;
West Falmouth, Aux., 3.50;
York, Aux., 15, 663 10
Total, 1,108 28
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Exeter. — Mr. Charles S. Bates, 400 00
New Hampshire Branch. — Mrs.
Jennie Stevens Locke, Treas.,
21 South Spring St., Concord.
Int., SO; Friend, 32; Brookline,
Aux.. 12.03; Durham, W. F.
M. S., 52; Errol, Ch., 51 cts.;
Gilsum, Ch., Women, 4, Jr.
Girls, 2; Jaffrey, East, F. M.
! S. (25 of wh. to const. L. M.,
Mrs. Jennie M. Sawyer), 40;
Lebanon, West, S. S., 10; Mil-
ton, Miss. Soc, 5; Nashua, Pil-
I grim Ch., Ladies' Eve. Miss.
: Soc, 17; Newmarket, Ch.,
8.40; Portsmouth, North Ch.,
Aux., 62; Warner, S. S., 15, 309 94
I Total, 709 94
VERMONT
I Vermont Branch. — Miss May E.
i M a n 1 e y, Treas., Pittsf ord.
Rutland, Miss S. E. Farmer,
1; South Fairlee, Mrs. Mary
E. Child, 1, 2 GO
MASSACHUSETTS
Andover and Woburn Branch. —
Miss Minnie C. Messeneer,
Treas., 24 Ashland St., Mel-
rose Highlands. Lawrence, Trin-
ity Ch., Miss. Cir., 50; Lowell,
Kirk St. Ch., Woman's Assoc.,
62.50; Medford, Mystic Ch., Jr.
Comrades, 20; Medford. South,
Union Ch., Aux., 10; Medford,
West, Mission Travel Club, 18;
Melrose, Woman's Union, 65,
Jr. C. E. Soc, 5; Melrose
Highlands, Woman's League,
Mrs. Amelia S. Loring, 5;
Winchester, First Ch., Miss.
Union, 175, Girls' Miss. Soc.
and Boys' Crusaders Club, 25, 435 50
Barnstable Association. — Mrs.
Charles A. Davis, Acting
Treas., South Dennis. Sand-
wich Aux., 16.80; South Den-
nis, Ch., 5.29, Aux., 1; Vine-
yard Haven, Mrs. Mary C.
Edwards, 3, 26 09
Berkshire Branch. — Miss Mabel
A. Rice, Treas., 118 Bradford
St., Pittsfield. Adams, North-
field Corner CI., 1; North
Adams, First Ch., S. S., 15;
Pittsfield, South Ch., Aux., 50, 66 00
Essex North Branch. — Mrs. Leon-
ard H. Noyes. Treas., 15 Col-
umbus Ave., Haverhill. Ames-
bury, Union Ch., Aux., 32;
Haverhill, Bradford Ch., Par-
ish Cir.. 10, C. R., 7.84; New-
bury, First Ch., Jr. C. E.
Soc, 5; Newburyport, Belle-
ville Ch., 24.42, 79 26
Essex South Branch. — Mrs. Law-
rence Perkins, Jr., Treas., 27
Chase St., Danvers. Beverly,
Dane St. Ch., Aux., Len. Off.,
352
Life and Light
[July-August
18, Second Ch., Prim. S. S., 5,
Jr. C. E. Soc, 2.50; Danvers,
Maple St. Ch., Aux. (Tuesday
Club, 10). 130.75; Gloucester,
Trinity Ch., Aux., Len. Off.,
165.76; Ipswich, Union Ch.,
Aux., 62.20; Lynn, First Ch.,
Aux., 5, North Ch., Aux., 75.60,
Dau. of Cov., 10; Marblehead,
Aux., 39.92, Troop 1, Girl
Scouts, 30; Peabody, South,
Mrs. Miller's S. S. CI., 5;
Salem, Mrs. T. T. Munger,
200. Tabernacle Ch., Pro
Christo Soc, 10; Swamoscott.
First Ch., Aux., Len. Off., 14, 773 73
Franklin County Branch. — Miss
T. Kate Oakman, Treas., 473
Main St., Greenfield. Buck-
land, Aux., 40.40; Conway,
Aux., 33; Deerfield. Aux.,
26.79; Deerfield, South. Aux.,
23.07. Prim. S. S., 2.75; Erv-
ing, Ch., 10; Greenfield, First
Ch., 10, Aux., 31.60, Second
Ch.. Aux. (25 of wh. to const.
L. M. Mrs. William P. Perry),
82.50, S. S., 10, C. E. Soc. 10;
Montague, Aux., 21; Millers
Falls, Aux., 10; Xorthfield,
Aux.. 131, Prim. S. S., 5;
Orange, Aux. (25 of wh. to
const. L. M. Mrs. Harold
Lamb), 71, Light Bearers, 5;
Shelburne. Aux., 79.70; Shel-
burne Falls, Aux., 83; Sun-
derland, Aux., 39; Whately,
Aux., 10, Benev. Soc, 10, 744 81
Hampshire County Branch. —
Miss Harriet J. Kneeland,
Treas., 8 Paradise Road,
Northampton. Friend, 6; Y.
P. Societies, 12; Amherst,
Twentieth Century Club, 64.50;
Amherst, North, Aux., 6;
Chesterfield, 35; Cummington,
Mrs. Lucretia B. Dyer, 1;
Easthampton, Aux., 62.43;
Dau. of Cov., 8.50; Enfield,
Aux., 41.66; Florence, Aux.,
70; Granby, Aux. (25. of wh.
to const. L. M. Mrs. Charles
E. Smith), 40; Hadlev, Aux.,
85; Hadley, North. Constance
Hill, 1.50; Hadley, South,
Atix. (25. of wh. to const. L.
M. Mrs. A. T. Buckhout),
127.27; Hatfield, Aux. (25. of
wh. to const. L. M. Mrs. Al-
bert P. Watson), 125; Hay-
denville, Aux.. 30; Northamp-
ton, Edwards Ch.. Aloha Guild,
50, First Ch.. 300, Jr. C. E.
Soc., 2; Southampton, Aux.
(25. of wh. to const. L. M.
Mrs. Atkins), 100; Williams-
burg, C. E. Soc, 4.50, 1,172 36
Maiden.— First Ch., Friend, 50 00
Middlesex Branch. — Mrs. Walter
S. Fitch, Treas., 13 Dennison
Ave., Framingham. Framing-
ham, Mrs. Lena M. Parsons, 5,
Grace Ch., Friend, 15. Aux.,
75.32; Plymouth Ch.. Schneider
Band, 12; West Medway, Sec-
ond Ch., Ladies' Soc, 3, 110 32
Norfolk and Pilgrim Branch. —
Mrs. Elijah Ball, Treas., 136
Marlborough St., Wollaston.
Bridgewater, East, O. J. S.,
3; Campello, Miss Leonard,
15; Cohasset, Aux., 11; Kings-
ton. Sophia Lewis, 1; Sharon,
Aux., 19.92; Stoughton, Aux.,
27, Prim.-Jr. Dept. S. S., 10;
Weymouth Heights, First Ch.,
S. S., Light Bearers, 7, Jr.
C. E. Soc, 5; Weymouth,
North, Pilgrim Ch., S. S., 5;
Weymouth, South, Old South
Union Ch., Aux., 18.42; Wol-
laston, S. S., 2, Jr. C. E. Soc,
5, 129 34
North Wilbraham.—Yi. W. Cut-
ler, 100 GO'
Old Colony Branch. — Mrs. How-
ard Lothrop. Treas., 3320 North
Main St., Fall River. Attle-
boro. Jr. M. C, 5; Fall River,
Y. W. M. S., 18.25, Central
Ch., C. E. Soc, 5; Matta-
poisett, S. S., 20; Middleboro,
North, Aux., 18; Somerset,
Aux.. 12, Pomegranate Band,
6; Taunton, Broadway Ch.,
Aux., 77.17, Winslow Ch., W.
M. S., 30.50; Westport, Pacific
Union Ch., 4, 195 92"
Springfield Branch. — Mrs. Mary
H. Mitchell, Treas., 1078 Wor-
thington St., Springfield. Off.
at Y. P. Rally, 11.22: Brim-
field, Aux., 40; Holyoke,
Grace Ch., S. S., 10; South-
wick, Aux. (with prev. contri.
to const. L. M. Mrs. W^m. F.
Fletcher). 15, Union C. E.
,Soc., 5; Springfield, Mrs. Frank
Beebe, 15, First Ch., Woman's
Assoc., 35, Hope Ch.. Aux.,
83.60, Olivet Ch.. Golden Link
Soc, 35; Wilbraham, Federated
Ch., Aux., 14, 263 82
Suffolk Branch. — Miss Margaret
D. Adams, Treas., 1908 Beacon
St., Coolidge Corner Branch,
Boston. Allston. Woman's As-
soc., For. Miss. Dept., 50; Au-
burndale, Aux., 25; Boston,
Miss Florence E. Burdett, 2,
Miss Anna S. Wilkins, 1, Dud-
ley St. Baptist Ch., Miss Ed-
mands' Class. 6.59, Old South
Ch., Aux., 25; Boston, East,
Baker Ch., Jr. C. E. Soc, 5;
Boston, South, Phillips Church.
1 9 1 9J
Receipts
353
Tr. C. E. Soc, 10, Phillips
Chapel, Jr. C. E. Soc, 5;
Brighton, Mrs. William H.
Monroe, 5; Brookline, Mrs. G.
E. Adams, 5, Mrs. Herbert J.
Keith, 15, Mrs. E. A. Slack, 2,
Mrs. W. S. Youngman, 10,
Harvard Ch., M. B., 75, Ley-
den Ch., Aux., 150; Cam-
bridge, Pilgrim Ch., S. S.,
Prim. Dept., 10, Prospect St.
Ch., Woman's Guild, Miss
Adeline A. Douglass, 100; Chel-
sea, Central Ch., Women Work-
ers, 15, First Ch., Floral M.
C, 16.50; Dorchester, Central
Ch., Aux. (Add'l Len. Oflf.,
1), 36.50. Dau. of Cov., 10;
Pilgrim Ch., Aux. (Len. Off.,
42.10), 64.75, Second Ch., Jr.
C. E. Soc, 7.50; Hyde Park,
First Ch., 15, Aux., 159, M.
B. 20; Jamaica Plain, Boylston
Ch., W. F. M. S., 40; Matta-
pan. Miss Josephine K. Wight,
2; Medfield, Second Ch., Aux.,
20; Needham, Maina Sukha
Dendo Kai, 25, H. H. Club, 8;
Neponset, Trinity Ch., Stone
Aux. (Len. Off., 32 30V 35.80.
S. S., Jr. Dept., 10.50, Prim.
Dept., 4.78; Newton, Miss
Esther F. Wilder, 25. Miss
Margaret G. Wilder, 25. Eliot
Ch.. Woman's Assoc., Mrs. and
Miss Jennison, 5, Eliot Helpers,
8; Newton Centre, Mrs. J. M.
W. Hall. 10, First Ch., Sun-
shine Soc, 61.50; Newton
Highlands. Aux.. 30; Norwood,
Ch., 30; Roxburv, Mrs. Frances
W. Nichols, 20, Mrs. I. C.
Stone, 10 Eliot Ch.. Aux.,
200. Jr. C. E. Soc, 5, High-
land Ch.. Jr. C. E. Soc. 10,
Imm.-Walnut Ave. Ch., Y. L.
M. S., 75; Roxbury, West,
Woman's Union. 179.53, Sun-
shine Aux.. 30; Somerville,
Prospect Hill Ch., M. B., 7.50;
Somerville, West, Jr. C. E.
Soc. M. B., 5; Walrole, Jr.
C. E. Soc, 11.02, Waltham,
King's Messengers, 20; Water-
town, Phillips Ch.. Woman's
Assoc., 165. S. S., Prim. Dept.,
2.81: Welleslev Hills. Aux.,
Add'l Easter Off.. 65.80. Ch.
School. 10; Winthrop, Union
Ch., W. M. S., 10, 2,013 08
Worcestrr County Branch. — Miss
Sara T. Southwick, Treas., 144
Pleasant St., Worcester. Athol,
King's Messenger's, 10; Leom-
inster. Pro Christo Soc. 75.50,
C. E. Soc, 5; Northbridge,
Rockdale Ch., Worth While
Club, 6; Spencer, S. S., Jr.
Dept., 14.46. Kinder., 3.12;
Webster, Friend, 100. Aux.,
45; West Brookfield. Ch.,
22.50; West Boylston. Ch.. 25;
Whitinsville, Aux., 65; Winch-
endon, Aux., 48.86; Worcester,
Friend, 375, Bethany Ch.,
Aux., 22.50, Hope Ch., Aux.,
15. Jr. C. E. Soc, 1, Lake
View Ch., 15, Plymouth Ch.,
Jr. Dept. S. S., 1.19, Little
Light Bearers, 15.72, Union
Ch., Woman's Assoc., 50, 915 85
Total, 7,076 08
RHODE ISLAND
Rhode Island Branch. — Miss
Grace P. Chapin, Treas., 150
Meeting St., Providence. L.
N., 50; Bristol, First Ch., S.
S., 4; Pawtucket, Mrs. Emma
B. Evans, 5, Mrs. Lyman B.
Goff, 25, Miss Martha I. Kent,
5, Darlington Ch., S. S., Prim.
Dept., 8, 97 00
CONNECTICUT
Ea.itern Connecticut Branch. —
Miss Anna C. Learned, Treas.,
255 Hempstead St., New Lon-
don. Int. Martha Strong Har-
ris Fund, 100; Off. at Chil-
dren's Rally, 3; Abington,
Aux. (25 of wh. to const. L.
M. Mrs. James Mcintosh),
86.19; Bozrah, Aux. (to con.st.
L. M. Mrs. Lucretia H. La-
throp), 25; Brooklyn, Aux.,
18, Constant Workers M. C,
7; Canterbury, Aux., 5; Chap-
lin, Atix. (to const. L. M.,
Miss Lucy Griggs), 25; Col-
chester, Friend, 7, Boys' M.
B. , 5, C. R. 3; East Wood-
stock, Clover Cir., 12.75;
Greeneville, Aux., 43.45; Gro-
ton, Aux., Add'l Easter Off.,
5; Hanover, Aux., 133; C. E.
Soc, 10, Tr. C. E. Soc, 10,
S. S., 5, Young Crusaders' Jr.
Aux., IS; Jewett City, Aux.
(Easter Off., 7). 17, C. R., 2;
Lebanon, Aux. (Easter Off.. 5),
10, Liberty Hill Ch., C. E. Soc,
1 : Ledyard Aux. (to const. L.
M. Mrs. Chasie B. Gier), 25;
Li'^bon, Newent Aux. (25 of
wh. to const. L. M. Mrs. Mat-
tie Robin-^on), 42; Mystic,
Aux., 5; New London, First
Ch.. Aux., 21.50, C. R., 6, S.
S., Prim. Dept., 6, Second Ch.,
Aux., 11.47, C. E. Soc, 5;
Niantic, C. E. Soc, 1; North
Stonington, Aux., Easter Off.,
10.50; Norwich, First Ch.. C.
E. Soc, Friends, 2.11, Park
Ch., Aux., 315.57, C. R., 15.50,
Travelers' Club, 5, United Ch.,
Aux., 1200; Plainfield, Aux.,
Friend, 2; Preston City, Aux.,
35.85, C. R., 4.15; Scotland,
Aux., Easter Off., 12; Waure-
gan. Aux., 50.67; Westminster,
C. E. Soc, 3; Willimantic, Ch.,
43; Windham, Aux. (Easter
Off., 7.20), 15.60, S. S., 6.10.
Jr. Class, 2, 2,394 41
354
Life and Light
rjuly-August
Hartford Branch. — Mrs. Sidney
W. Clark, Treas., 40 Willard
St., Hartford. Int. Clara E.
Hillyer Fund, 247.50; Int.
Julia W. Jewell Fund, 40; Mr.
and Mrs. Martin Welles, 240;
Bloomfield, Ladies' Benev. Soc,
25; Bristol, Gift Stewards, Mrs.
C. F. Barnes, 10, Mrs. W. S.
Ingraham, 10, Mrs. Edson M.
Peck. 10, Mrs. T. G. Treadway,
10, Miss I. C. Sessions, 10,
Miss L. M. Treadway, 10,
Miss M. J. Atwood, 10, Miss
E. H. Atwood, 10; Burnside,
Gift Stewards, Miss M. Janette
Elmore, 70, Jr. C. E. Soc, 6;
East Hartford, United Workers,
15; Hartford, Gift Stewards,
Miss Helen E. Brown, 10, Mrs.
J. H. Thompson, 10, Mrs. R.
H. Potter, 25, Miss Lucretia
Colton, 5, Asylum Hill Ch., Y.
P. Assoc.. 30, Center Ch., Aux.,
975, Pollyanna M. B., 10;
South Windsor, Aux., 33; Tal-
cottville. Gift Stewards, Friend,
20, Mrs. John G. Talcott, 15.
Mrs. C. D. Talcott, 100, 1,956 50
New Haven Branch. — Miss Edith
Woolsey, Treas., 250 Church
St., New Haven. Int. on In-
vested Funds, 4.86; Friend, 75;
Ansonia, Aux., 110; Bridgeport,
United Ch., S. S., 7.50, West
End Ch., Aux. (25. of wh. to
const. L. M. Mrs. F. V. Cole),
60; Chester, Mrs. Elmer Wa-
trous, 5: Derby, First Ch., 4.97,
Aux., 75; Durham, Mrs. M. G.
Burr, 2; East Haven, Aux.,
103.95; East River, Miss Mary
J. Bishop, 5; Greenfield, Ch.,
15.75; Ivoryton, Aux. (25. of
wh. to const. L. M. Miss Kath-
erine Webber), 100; Meriden.
Mrs. Adelaide S. Doolittle, 2;
New Haven, Miss Mabel H.
Whittlesey, 10. Center Ch.,
Aux., 51.21, Ch. of the Re-
df^emer, Aux., 300, Jr. Aux.,
50, Grand Ave. Ch., Mrs. Ball
and Familv, 50. Aux., 75.90,
Evening Cir., 90.45, Plymouth
Ch.. Aux., 269, Schools, 50,
C. R., 3.07, United Ch., Aux.,
495, Laoni Cir., 35; North
Woodbury, Aux.. 12; Portland,
Aux., 36; Redding, Dau. of
Cov.. 10; Roxbury, Aux., 5.50;
Watertown, Aux. (25. of wh. to
const. L. M. Mrs. Sheldon
Fox), 105.02, 2,219 18
Nezv York State Branch. — Mrs.
Charles E. Graff, Treas., 46
South Oxford St., Brooklyn.
White Plains, Miss Louisa W.
Wood, 10 00
Total, 6,570 09
NEW YORK
Brooklyn. — Friends through Miss
Emily C. Wheeler, 20 00
Buffalo. — Willard T. Bushman,
10, Mrs. A. J. DeLaplante, 5,
Mrs. Charles Rhodes, 50, 65 00
Total. 95 00
NEW JERSEY BRANCH
New Jersey Branch. — Miss Mar-
tha N. Hooper, Treas., 1475
Columbia Road, Washington, D.
C. D. C, Washington, Miss
Susan H. Hadley, 1, First Ch.,
Aux. (prev. contri. const. L.
M. Mrs. Mary E. Catlin), Miss.
Club Aux., 150; N. J., Cedar
Grove, Union Ch., 12.06; Cres-
kill. Gospel Ch., 12; Glen Ridge,
Aux. (Th. Off., 56.37), 95;
Jersey City, Waverly Ch., Aux.,
7.50; Montclair, First Ch., Aux.,
750; Newark, First Ch., Aux.,
60; Nutley, Aux., 30; Plain-
field, Aux., Len. Off., 56;
Unionville, First Ch., 3.75;
Upper Montclair, Aux., 150;
Westfield, Aux., 235.30; Less
expenses, 133, 1,429 61
SOUTHEAST BRANCH
Southeast Branch. — Mrs. C. E.
Enlow, Treas., Winter Park,
Florida. Fla.. Avon Park, Aux.,
15; Crystal Snrings, S. S., 1;
Daj'tona, C. E. Soc. 8; Jack-
sonville, Aux., 35; Mt. Dora,
Aux., 20; St. Petersburg, Aux.,
50. C. E. Soc, 15, S. S., 1.20;
West Palm Beach, Y. L. Guild,
10; Ga., Atlanta, Central Ch.,
I Ladies' Union, 12.50; .V. C,
' Ashville, 5; S. C, Charleston,
Circular Ch., Aux., S. S., and
C. E. Soc, 30, 202 70
ILLINOIS
Philo. — Mr. L. E. Hazen, in
mem. of Miss Effie G. Hazen,
Boston, Mass., 3,000 00
CALIFORNIA
Manhattan Beach.—S. S., 11 21
CANADA
Canada.— Cong'l W. B. M., 2,574 16
Donations,
Buildings,
Specials,
22,550 57
388 50
142 00
Total, 23,081 07
Total from October 18, 1918, to
May 31, 1919
Donations, 108,419 10
Buildings, 3,782 53
Extra Gifts for 1919, 1,159 38
Specials. 1.425 81
Legacies. 6.699 57
Total, 121,486 39
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