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WESTERN LN&RA^ING C0_ CHICAGO.
LIFE SKETCHES
STATE OFFICERS, SENATORS,
MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY
STATE OF NEW YORK,
IN 1867.
By S. R. HARLOW and H. H. BOONE.
ALBANY:
WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY, PRINTERS.
1867.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-six
By S. R. HARLOW and H. H. BOONE,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern
District of New Yorlc.
WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY,
PRINTERS, STEREOTYPERS AND BOOKBINDERS
ALBANY, N. Y.
INTRODUCTION.
About six months ago, the Editors first entertained the idea of
issuing a volume, giving a concise narration of the leading events
in the lives of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature.
Their project meeting with favor, at the outset, they were encour-
aged to consummate it. The most of their labor, in the midst
of other duties, has been crowded into the brief space of three
months ; this book is the result. No care has been spared by them
to make it valuable for reference, both as to facts and dates ; and
yet an occasional error may possibly be found.
It will be seen that the Sketches of the Members of the Legisla-
ture are alphabetically arranged, thus removing the necessity for
an index.
The Editors avail themselves of this opportunity to express their
thanks for the uniform courtesy extended toward them, by every
gentleman whose name appears within this volume, and to other
gentlemen, — many of them strangers at the incipient stages of
this work, — who have rendered invaluable assistance in furnishing
incidents and dates for the compilation of these Sketches.
ivil50525
iDuaoaT
LIFE SKETCHES,
REUBEN E. FENTON,
GOVEKNOK.
Reube^st E. Fenton, who has just been chosen Gover-
nor of New York, for a second term, was born in Carroll,
Chautauqua county, on the 4th of Jul}'', 181.9. His father
is a native of New Hampshire; but the Fenton family is
of Connecticut origin. His grandfather resided there
until about the year 1777. The Governor is a descenda?it
of Robert Fentox, who was a man of note among the
early settlers of that State, and one of the patentees of
Mansfield, when that tOAvn was set off from Windham, in
1V03. The family was a patriotic one during the Revolu-
tionary war, and furnished its share of soldiers in " the
times which tried men's souls," who did good service in
the struggle which resulted in the establishment of our
Republican government.
Governor Fentox is the son of a hard-working farmer,
and spent his early years on the old homestead. He was
an amiable, friendly boy, and a universal favorite among
his associates. Whatever was going on in the neighbor-
hood where he lived, he was expected to participate in and
lead. When the boys organized for " a training," they
invariably placed young Fentox in command ; and it is
probably owing to this fiict, and the military knowledge
6 LIFE SKETCHES.
thus acquired, that before he was twenty-one years of age
he was elected to the Colonelcy of the 16 2d reghnent,
New York State Militia.
His opportunities for acquiring an education were very
limited, but they were well improved. He was a good
scholar when he was in the common school, and when,
subsequently, he passed a few terms in different academies,
he made rapid progress as a student, and won the appro-
bation of his preceptors for his manly qualities and exem-
plary deportment. He read law one year, not with the
view of going into the profession, but to make himself
familiar with the principles and forms of that science,
under the impression that this knowledge would be useful
to him in whatever business he might engage.
At the age of twenty he commenced business, with very
limited means, and under adverse circumstances. But the
fact did not discourage him, nor turn him from his pur-
poses. The world was before him, and what others had
accomplished, young Fenton resolved should be done by
him. He went at his work with all the earnestness and
energy of his character, and a few years saw him a success-
ful and prosperous merchant. While in this pursuit, he
turned his attention to the lumber trade, as an auxiliary to
his mercantile business. He was still a young man when he
purchased his first " boards and shingles," and as he floated
off upon his fragile raft, valued at less than one thousand
dollars, there were not wanting those who wondered at
his temerity, and the failure of his enterprise was confi-
dently predicted. But nothing could dampen his ardor.
He tied his little raft safely on the shore of the Ohio, near
Cincinnati, went into the city, found a customer, sold his
lumber, and returned to his home with a pride and satis-
faction never excelled in after years, though he went the
round with profits ten-fold greater. Lumbering became
in a few years his principal business ; and to such a man,
REUBEN E. FENTON. 7
success and competence were but a matter of time. He
soon enjoyed the reputation of being the most suc-
cessful lumberman on the Alleghany and Ohio rivers;
but this came only because he wrought it by untiring
perseverance and indefatigable energy.
In the business capacity of Governor Fenton, will be
found the basis of his success in life ; and to the same fact
he is doubtless in a great measure, indebted for his politi-
cal advancement. Uniting superior business qualities with
an invincible determination to succeed in whatever he
undertakes, he has seldom failed to attain the object of
his ambition. He was successful as a merchant ; suc-
cessful as a lumberman ; and he has been successful as a
politician. His idea is that a man to succeed, should be
" always on hand." He was accustomed to fill his store
with goods before his neighbors filled theirs ; and in the
early spring, before " the thaw " was expected, his lumber
was snugly rafted on the banks of creeks, ready to take
the current and be the first to reach Pittsburgh and Cin-
cinnati. It was not only a pride he felt in being at the
head of the river fleets, but experience on different occa-
sions when his readiness and preparation found him the
only man in market, had taught him that it was equally
profitable.
In 1843, Mr. Fentox was chosen Supervisor of his native
town, and held the position for eight successive years.
Three of these eight he was Chairman of the Board,
though the Board was two to one Whig, while he was a
well-known Democrat. But he was courteous and affable,
manly and upright, genial and sensible, and his opponents
by common consent selected him to preside over their
deliberations. What higher compliment could be jDaid
him as a fair-minded and honorable man !
In 1849, his friends tried him for the Assembly, and he
came within twenty-one votes of being elected, though
8 LIFE SKETCHES.
the successful candidate was one of the oldest and most
popular men in the Assembly district, which was strongly
Whig.
In 1852, he was nominated by his Democratic friends
for Congress, and elected by fifty-two majority, though
the district, from the manner in which it was accustomed
to vote, should have given at least 3,000 majority against
him. He took his seat on the first Monday in December,
1853, in a House which was Democratic by about two to
one. Mr. Douglas, Chairman of the Senate Committee on
Territories, in the course of the session was beguiled into
embodying in a bill which provided for the organization
as territories of Kansas and Nebraska, a repeal of that
portion of the Missouri compromise of 1820, which forbade
the legalization of slavery in any territory of the United
States, lying north of N. lat. 36° 30^ Mr. Fenton, with N".
P. Banks, and quite a number of the younger Democrats,
with Col. Thomas H. Benton and other seniors, stead-
fastly opposed this proposition, and opposed the bill
because of it. The bill was nevertheless forced through
the House by a vote of 113 to 100, and became a law.
In the division that thereupon ensued, Mr. Fenton took
Republican ground with Pkeston King, Ward Hunt,
George Opdyke, and other conspicuous Democrats, and
he has never since been other than a Republican.
In ]854, the Know Nothings carried his district by a
considerable majority (Mr. Fenton consenting to be a can-
didate on the Saturday previous to election), as they did
a good many others in the State; but, in 1856, he ran on
the Fremont ticket, and was elected, and thence reelected
by large and generally increasing majorities down to 1864,
when he withdrew, having been nominated for Governor.
He thus served five terms in Congress, each as the repre-
sentative of the strongly Whig district composed of
Chautauqua and Cattaraugus counties, which contains
EEUBEN" E. PENTON. 9-.
many able and worthy men who were in full accord with
its by-gone politics, and to the almost unanimous accept-
ance of his constituents.
Immediately on entering Congress, Mr. Fexton espoused
the cause of the soldiers of 1812, and shortly after intro-
duced a bill providing for the payment of the property
accounts between the United States and the State of New
York, for military stores furnished in the war of 1812.
This measure he continued to urge upon the attention of
Congress, and finally, on the 30th May, 1860, had the
satisfaction to witness its passage in the House by a vote
of 98 to 80. He was Chairman of the Committee on Com-
merce in the XXXIHd and XXXVth Congresses, and
performed the duties appertaining to that position in a
manner satisfactory to all. It is but simple truth to say
that he was one of the quietly industrious and faithful
members of the House, Nor was he a silent representa-
tive. He could talk when there seemed a necessity for
speaking. During his Congressional career, he delivered
able and efiective speeches against the repeal of the Mis-
souri Compromise Act ; in advocacy of a cheap postal
system ; the bill to extend invalid pensions ; for the
improvement of rivers and harbors ; to regulate emigra-
tion to this country ; against the policy of the Democratic
party with regard to Kansas ; for the final settlement of
the claims of the soldiers of the Revolution ; in vindica-
tion of the principles and policy of the Republican party ;
on the Deficiency bill ; the bill to facilitate the payment
of bounties ; on the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law ; on
providing for payment of losses by the rebellion, &c.
Mr. Fenton served in Congress nearly to the end of the
war for the Union, of which he was one of the firmest
and most efficient supporters. Believing the Union to be
right and the rebellion wrong throughout, he gave his
best energies to the national cause, voting steadily for
10 LIFE SKETCHES.
taxes, loans, levies, drafts, and for the emancipation policy
whereby they were rendered effectual. Men of greater
pretensions were abundant in Congress, but there was
none more devoted, or more ready to invoke and to make
sacrifices for the triumph of the Union.
In the fall of 1862, Mr. Fenton's name was favorably
mentioned in connection with the office of Governor, but
finding Gen. Wadsworth was to be pressed for a nomina-
tion, Mr. Fenton promptly withdrew from the canvass, and
yielded to the patriot soldier his warmest support. In
1864, Mr. Fenton was designated as the standard-bearer
of the Republican party, and chosen Governor by a
majority considerably larger than Mr. Lincoln's ; and two
years later, he was unanimously nominated for reflection,
and the wisdom of the selection is sufiiciently attested by
the increased majority he received in 1866 over that given
him in 1864.
The administration of Gov. Fexton commenced at the
culminating period of the war, and required the exercise
of industry, method, decision, and the power of discrimi-
nating, originating and executing. He brought to the
discharge of his new position all these forces of body and
mind, and proved patient amid perplexities, quick in his
perceptions, safe in his judgments, mastering toilsome
details, and successfully meeting difficult emergencies.
His practical training, his wide experience, his luminous
intellect and well-disciplined judgment, saved him from
the failure that a man of less power might have encoun-
tered. His official relations with our soldiers did not
weaken the attachments that had given him the honored
title of the " soldier's friend." He was prompt to reward
merit, and skillful to harmonize differences that often
threatened demoralization and serious injury to many of
the military organizations then in the field. Upon the
return of our brave bovs, Gov. Fenton addressed the
EEUBEN^ E. FENTON. 11
following letter to the War Committees of the various
districts in the State ;
Gentlemen : The late orders of the Secretary of War for muster-
ing out a large portion of the grand army are being rapidly carried
into effect, and it is to be hoped that by the Fourth of July most
of the regiments to be discharged under the orders will have reached
their homes. In view of this fact, allow me to* call your attention
to the propriety of celebrating that day in a manner not only befitting
the anniversary of the nation's birth, but also commemorating its
recent rescue from imminent peril. I need not say that welcome
and all honor to the men whose patriotism has consecrated the
nation to a new career of greater freedom, whose bravery has given
security from strife and perpetuity to our institutions, should be one
of the most prominent features of such an occasion. Let us at once
demonstrate, by a grand ovation, our devotion to the institutions
preserved to us, and our gratitude to those who with heroic con-
stancy, defended them through years of terrible war. I have
thought best not to issue an executive proclamation to this end, as
I prefer this demonstration should be the spontaneous uprising of
the people, eagerly welcoming back the citizen soldiers — our friends
and neighbors — from the dangers of the battle-field and the severe
duties of military discipline, to peace and the exercise of civil rights
under the quiet which their valor has secured. I sincerely hope
these suggestions may meet with favor from your people, and that
each locality will arrange such a programme as shall, according to
its circumstances, best devote the day to commemoration, gratitude
and general rejoicing.
Very truly yours, R. E. FENTOK
His judicious course fully commanded public confidence
and approval, and at the close of the first year of his term,
Moses H. Grinnell, Wm. M. ^^eemilye, Joseph B.
Collins, Richard L. Taylor, Peter Cooper, John
Hecker, Minthorne Tompkins, Isaac Sherman, J. S.
Schultz and many other proHiinent and wealthy citizens
of New York city, addressed to him a letter of thanks,
promising him their hearty cooperation and support in his
efforts to meliorate the condition of the metropolis. A
12^^ LIFE SKETCHES.
few months later, when in New York city, thousands of
such men waited uj)on him in person, giving high assur-
ance of respect and approbation. The "New York
Tribune " referred to this remarkable demonstration as a
j)roper recognition of official worth and integrity, saying,
" This hearty welcome sprang from generous and enduring
remembrance of the protection afforded to our municipal
rights and franchises, in his judicious exercise of the veto
power."
His vetoes of various bills which would have deprived
the City of Xew York of valuable franchises, without
compensating advantages, proved so acceptable to the
Board of Supervisors of New York county, that the fol-
lowing resolution was unanimously adopted :
Resolved^ That the thanks of the Boc\rd are hereby tendered to
His Excellency, Grovernor Fenton, for his recent vetoes of various
bills passed by the Legislature of this State infringing upon the
rights and franchises of this city and county, and we sincerely con-
gratulate the people of the State of New York in having an Execu-
tive who possesses the vigilance and fearlessness necessary to correct
the errors of hasty and imperfect legislation.
Gov. Fenton's State papers are always compact, cogent
and convincing. His vigor of style and strength of diction
are admirably illustrated in a letter to the committee that
invited him to a meeting held at Cooper Institute, in New
York city, in the fall of 1866, for the purpose of ratifying
the action of the State Union Convention :
State of New York, Executive Department,
Albany, October 13, 1866.
Gentlemen : I cannot attend the meeting at Cooper Institute on
the 15th inst, to which you invite me; my pubhc duties at the
capital will prevent.
The questions now agitating the public mind are of the greatest
moment and interest; and they are such as could not be presented
to any other people. It will not be forgotten that the gigantic war
REUBEN E. FENTON. 13
through which we have just passed was prosecuted on behalf of the
government in defense of the supremacy of the ballot. The clearly
expressed will of the nation is the supreme law of the land.
Against an expression of this will, men honored by large communi-
ties with public trusts which they were ready to betray for purposes
of guilty ambition, stimulated their States to revolt, and by crafty
and dangerous devices, inflamed the passions of their people, until
in a spirit of frantic and blind delusion they fired upon their own
flag, and enveloped the whole land in the flame of war. The com-
mon traditions; the national pride ; the sacred oath of fealty ; these
were all forgotten, scouted, or ignored, and under the ill-starred
banner of rebellion, organized armies marched to crush out the
grand heritage of American freedom, and to reverse by force of
arms the constitutional expression of the popular will. Patriotic
men sprang from the various walks of labor and industry, from the
schools and colleges, the fields and the workshops ; fortunes were
thrown into the scale ; fireside circles were broken, and 6very house-
hold was made familiar with the perils of mutilation, captivity and
death, in that common spirit of loyalty and devotion which prompted
the fixed resolve, from the hour that Sumter fell, that the Union
our fathers had established should stand, and that the rights and
liberties of a free people, secured by covenant, should be maintained
in blood. These patriot forces trampled out the fires of rebellion ;
the principle of popular government was vindicated; and the
leaders and armies of the conspirators surrendered, as prisoners of
war, the weapons with tvhich they sought the destruction of their
country.
To the representatives of these communities who thus organized
to destroy our liberties, we are urged to commit, at once and without
guarantees^ the authority to legislate for us ; to award justice to the
soldiers and sailors by whom they were subdued ; to determine
whether the public debt shall be paid ; and to claim undue prepon-
derance of representation in the national councils, and a dispropor-
tionate vote in the electoral college, as a reward for a defeated and
treasonable attempt to subvert the government.
Places are now claimed in the Senate and House of Representa-
tives for men who foreswore their allegiance to the Constitution,
and held ofl&ce under the usurpation of Davis, and bis associate con-
14 LIFE SKETCHES.
spirators. Such an assumption is against the common sense of the
country. It is plain that on the dissolution of the rebel armies
there was no lawful local government in any of the insurgent States ;
nor was there any power in the people of those States to regain the
status they lost by organized rebellion. The State action which
they now invoke to excuse individuals from the penalties of personal
crime, disabled them as communities from resuming, without the
consent of the people on whom they made war, a participation in
governing them, by claiming the place abdicated for the purposes
of treason. Their right of representation as States being thus prac-
tically suspended by their own act, what power is competent to
reinstate them in their former relations to the government?
Evidently it is not in the States themselves, independent of Con-
gressional sanction or recognition. There is no lawful local execu-
tive to call an election, and no lawful local government under which
such an election can be made. The Federal government is to
determine what shall be the terms of restoration. It is a question
for the sovereign power, and with us the sovereign is not the
President, but the people. Under the Constitution, the will of the
people is to be expressed through its representatives in Congress
assembled. The simple duty of the President is to execute their
will, thus expressed. By interposing his veto, he may compel them
to express it by a two-thirds vote ; but it is the will of the people,
and not his will which is expressed ; and it is not by his vote, but
by the vote of Congress, that it has the force of a popular law.
With unerring judgment and forecast, the martyred Lincoln
appreciated the question in its true aspect ; and in commissioning
loyal men, with the simple powers of military governors, he provided
for the present peace; while he recognized in the people in Congress
assembled the only competent authority to restore permanent civil
government in the insurgent States, under the Constitution they
had foresworn, and to determine the conditions under which they
should be restored to their practical relations in the Union. Such
is the common judgment of the loyal States. Such is the clear con-
viction and the firm demand of the mass of loyal men North and
South. It is a question which belongs to the people, and not to the
President — to the law-making power, and not to the agent, whose
duty it is to enforce the laws and to obey them.
KEUBEN E. FENTOiN^. 15
But it is claimed that the adoption of the amendments proposed
by Congress ought not to be made a condition of representation ;
that however just in themselves, no constitutional safeguard should
be provided which has not been passed upon in Congress by the
insurgent States. The weakness of this position is too obvious to
deceive any but those who advance it. The President is, doubtless,
competent to proclaim the cessation of hostilities and the return of
peace ; but Congress alone can guarantee a Republican form of gov-
ernment to States which have subverted their own governments
established under the Constitution.
In the discharge of a high public trust, the present Congress has
patiently and laboriously investigated the condition of that portion
of the country convulsed by the recent rebellion ; and, in a com-
mendable spirit of moderation, it has proposed for adoption, an
amendment to the Constitution, so reasonable and appropriate to
the existing state of affairs, that its propriety and justice are admit-
ted even by those who oppose its adoption. The plan of adjustment
thus presented, is the only one before the people. It has the sanc-
tion of an overwhelming majority in the Senate and House of
Representatives ; it has been heartily and earnestly indorsed by the
people of every State in which a general election has since been
held; it will receive the unanimous approval of all the States,
whose unwavering loyalty bore us triumphantly through the war ;
it is a noble and magnanimous peace-ofifering tendered by Congress,
in behalf of the people, to the misguided States which permitted
themselves to be precipitated into rebellion by bold and reckless
leaders, some of whom are now demanding instant and uncondi-
tional admission to seats in the governing council of the nation.
Very respectfully,
R. E. FENTON.
To Messrs. P. A. Conkling, Francis A. Thomas, Owen W. Brennan,
John Fitch, Charles A. Dana, Committee.
His views upon the pending issues, were afterward ably
maintained in a speech delivered at a large political
gathering in Jamestown, just prior to the election of 186G.
An unerring test of the correctness of his opinions, and
the wisdom of his administration, is furnished in the fact
16 LIFE SKETCHES.
that, during the late canvass, his opponents were utterly-
unable to assail his official record, while his friends eftect-
ively employed the same in his behalf.
Governor Fenton realizes that the people have made
him their Chief Magistrate, and that they look to him, and
to no other person, for the faithful discharge of the duties
of the responsible position. He is controlled by no clique
— he is the agent of no cabal. He jDatiently listens to all
who desire to consult him, and then follows the dictates
of his own good judgment. He has no prejudice so strong,
nor partiality so great as to lead him to do an unjust act.
He is a careful thinker and a hard worker. No man ■
ever labored more hours in the Executive Chamber than
he does. Whatever work engages his attention, he attends
to it personally, even to the minutest details.
In the character of Governor Fenton, extremes center :
though a decided radical in his convictions, there is just
enough conservatism about him to make him an entirely
safe man. Though a man of intense feelings and strong
prejudices, no man is more impartial and unbiased when a
duty is to be performed. There are few men whose minds
are as well balanced as his ; the strong points in his char-
acter are not neutralized by weak ones.
The Governor is a fearless man. Make it clear to him
that a thing ought to be done, and he will do it, no matter
who may advise differently ; and yet he will never do a
rash act. He is entirely open and frank in his intercourse
with men, and at the same time cautious and reserved : .
though easy and unassuming in his manner, he is always
dignified and circumspect. In the generosity of his nature
he would grant every request that might be addressed to
him ; but this is often impracticable ; he cannot give
everybody an office ; he cannot comply with the wishes of
all who make known their wants ; where there is a conflict
of opinion, he is obliged to act on his own responsibility ;
EEUBEN E. FENTOX. 17
and this he does without hesitation, and rarely makes a
mistake. He possesses a noble heart, and naturally sym-
pathizes with those who need assistance. During the late
war, he visited battle-fields on which our young men lay
weltering in blood, and hospitals to which they had been
conveyed, because he thought he might minister to their
comfort, and at least gladden their hearts ; nor could he
have done otherwise. His feelings as certainly take him to
places where a sympathetic word is a blessing, as the
needle turns to the pole. That the feelings of youth
survive in his manhood, and that he cherishes a warm
sympathy for childhood, is very pleasantly shown in a
letter acknowledging a testimonial of membership to the
American Sunday School Union, presented by the scholars
of a Sabbath School. In his reply to the Superintendent
he says:
" Thank the boys for me and tell them I shall place the gift in
my study, that I may never forget in the performance of the grave
duties to which I am called, that little children are taking note of
what I do, sure that if my conduct can be held up in commendation
to those of whom Christ says : ' Of such is the kingdom of Heaven,'
it will reach the highest standard of earthly merit."
Governor Fenton believes in doing good to all; that
kind offices are rarely lost on any member of the human
family ; that they tend to make mankind better and hap-
pier. This is his religion, and he manifests it by acts
rather than words. More brilliant men may have occupied
the executive chair in our State, but it has been filled by
no more sagacious statesman, and by no more conscien-
tious man, and such will be the verdict of those who shall
impartially write a history of the times wherein we live.
3
STEWART L. WOODFORD,
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR.
Lieutenant-Governor Woodford is a native of the
metroi3olis of New York, where he was born in the year
1835.
His father, Josiah C. Woodford, was from Hartford
county, Connecticut ; his mother, from Suffolk county,
Long Island, in this State.
He was a boy of good promise, whose success in life was
foreshadowed by his industry and tenacity of purpose.
Before he was fifteen years of age, he entered the Fresh-
man Class of the Columbia College, from which he grad-
uated with high honors in 1854. He then turned his
attention to the study of law in the office of Brown, Hall
& Yanderpool, at New York, and was admitted to the
bar in 1857.
As a lawyer, Mr. Woodford was popular and successful,
and almost immediately took a prominent place among
the younger members of his profession.
In the year 1860, he w^as a delegate to the convention at
Chicago, which nominated Abrahaim Lincoln for the
Presidency. On his return, he entered into the canvass
with great spirit, and worked unceasingly for the Repub-
lican cause. His eloquence was heard from the rostrum,
and his energies were felt in private councils in behalf of
the great interests which he was willing subsequently to
defend in the field. It was his privilege, after that mem-
orable canvass, to convey the vote of the Electoral College
of New York, to Washington. Closely following the
honor thus conferred upon him, was his election as Chair-
man of the Young Men's Republican Committee, of the
City of New York.
STEWART L. WOODFORD. 19
In April, 1861, Mr. Woodford was appointed Assistant
United States Attorney, for the Southern District of New
York. This was an office of importance, requiring a high
order of abilities for the proper discharge of its weighty
duties ; and Mr. Woodford filled it in an unexceptionable
manner. After the breaking out of the rebellion, the
blockade of the Southern ports rendered necessary the
creation of a bureau in that office, for the legal prosecu-
tion of the vast number of naval captures made by the
government. This bureau was placed in charge of Mr.
Woodford, whose industry, aided by natural talent and
keen discrimination, enabled him to successfully present to
the court the intricate questions arising for adjudication.
In 1862, after the gloomy retreat of McClellan across
the Peninsula, a general feeling of the necessity of renewed
action and sacrifice, pervaded the hearts of the people.
Mr. Woodford hastened to obey the common impulse,
resigned his lucrative office, and enlisted for the war as a
private. He was immediately elected captain of his
company, which was assigned to the 127th regiment New
York Volunteers, under Col. William Gurxey. Before
leaving for the front, he was again promoted to a Lieu-
tenant-Colonelcy. About this time, he removed his resi-
dence to Brooklyn. The winter of 1862-3 was spent by
his regiment in and around Washington, which was then
threatened by the rebel forces ; but the life of comparative
inaction was interrupted by the siege of Suftolk Va., by
General Loxgstreet. Colonel Woodford's command
was sent to Suffolk, and subsequently to the Peninsula,
under General Dix. He afterward served in the 11th
Corps, and was then transferred to the department of the
South where he won for himself distinguished military
honors.
When General Gillmore began his extensive operations
against Charleston, Colonel Woodford, with his regiment,
20 LIFE SKETCHES.
took a prominent part in them. In the spring of 1864, he
commanded the several forts on Morris Island, which
shelled the city of Charleston so destructively. During
the summer of that year, he acted as Judge- Advocate-
General of the department of the South, and, in the early
autumn, was intrusted with the supervision of the exchange
of prisoners at Charleston Harbor. But staff duty was
not congenial to his taste, and as Sherman neared the
coast, he applied for leave to rejoin his regiment, and par-
ticipate in the operations undertaken by General Foster,
against the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. His
request was granted, and he was actively engaged in the
movements which followed.
At the battle of Honey Hill, Coosawhatchie and Tula-
finny, his bravery was conspicuous, and received marked
commendation from his superiors. His men were always
willing to follow where their plucky colonel led.
Just before the surrender of Lee, and after active
movements had ceased on the coast. Colonel Woodford
was appointed Provost-Marshal-General of the Southern
Department ; and, a short time after, was made the first
Military Governor of Charleston. It was in this city that
the rebellion was conceived and born. The populace, at
the time of the breaking up of the gigantic cabal, were
filled with hatred and disloyalty. The aristocratic South-
rons illy submitted to the dictation of a Northern man.
Disloyal citizens on the one hand, and rebel deserters and
desperadoes on the other, smouldering buildings, half-
famished and homeless families, the absence of civil law,
and a chaotic state of society, all conspired to bring into
play the highest order of administrative capabilities.
Under the authority of Colonel Woodford, these vol-
canic elements were harmonized, much to the delight of
those who had suffered by the reign of terror. By his
courteous, but iron firmness, he soon convinced even the
STEWAKT r-. WOODFORD. 21
disloyal that the best course for them was to submit quietly
to the authority of the Military Governor, who had been
placed over them by an outraged but vindicated govern-
ment. Order was restored so perfectly at last, that ten
thousand colored people, in the celebration of the Emanci-
pation Proclamation, and weeks before the surrender of
Lee, marched triumphantly through the principal streets
of the city, with the flag of the Republic floating over
them, with banners inscribed with mottoes commemorative
of the termination of their bondage, and bearing a cofiin
emblematic of the death and burial of slavery. It is not
to be supposed that the citizens relished this demonstra-
tion, but the cool decision of Governor Woodford awed
them into a state of outward submission ; and they well
knew, that any molestation would have drawn upon them-
selves summary punishment.
For the remarkable administrative abilities displayed at
this important juncture, he was made Chief of Staff, by
Major-General Gillmore. While the city of Charleston
was under Colonel Woodford's command, order prevailed
on all sides ; the loyalist felt safe in the enjoyment of his
privileges, and the secessionist was forced to admit that
the colonel manifested tenacity of purpose to administer
justice to all. It was while acting in this capacity that
he was commissioned Brigadier-General by brevet, for
meritorious services.
Subsequently, he succeeded the gallant General Grover
in command of the city of Savannah ; and his administra-
tion in that city was also a complete success.
Among the distinguishing acts of his course, was the
practical assistance which he gave to the negroes in found-
ing their schools and churches. On every hand he saw
hundreds of colored people eager to be taught. They
were a distinct and peculiar race that had been shut out
from educational advantages for many generations; and
22 LIFE SKETCHES.
he determined that every possible avenue should now be
opened to them. How successfully he accomplished his
purpose, the gratitude of the negroes testifies. He rees-
tablished the police force, relighted the streets, and demon-
strated that he w^as not only bravely just to the blacks,
but wise and energetic in his management of all the civil
affiiirs of the important city that had been confided to his
control.
General Woodford subsequently reassumed the position
of Chief of Staff to the Department Commander ; and in
August, 1865, resigned his commission, and returning to
his home in Brooklyn, resumed the practice of the law.
In October of the same year, he was unanimously nomi-
nated by the Republican party in New York city as their
candidate for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; but
he decided not to change his residence from Brooklyn
(to which city he had moved his family soon after he
entered the army), and declined the nomination.
In the autumn of 1866, and after a canvass in which he
visited nearly every county in the State, General Wood-
ford was elected Lieutenant-Governor of New York, by
the Union Republican party, receiving a majority of 15,024
votes. The Democratic party were confident of the success
of their candidate, Mr. Prtiyn, but the ballot of the peo-
ple gave a sweeping verdict in favor of General Woodford.
The Lieutenant-Governor combines, with an agreeable
ai^jDcarance and pleasing address, the graces and polish of
a gentleman. He is a cultivated scholar, and a close and
logical lawyer. His eloquence is of the highest order,
and his presence before an audience is strangely magnetic,
as thousands can testify Avho have heard him from the
political rostrum and in the court-room.
He is the youngest man that has ever been President of
the Senate of New York, being now but thirty-one years
of asre.
FEANCIS C. BARLOW,
SECRETARY OF STATE.
A SLIGHT, almost delicate form, yet as closely knit as
that of a deer ; a pair of strange, grey eyes ; a well-devel-
oped, classical head, a firm expressive mouth, giving the
features, in repose, an air of sadness ; and you have an
outline of General Barlow's physique. Francis C. Bar-
low was born in Brooklyn, New York, on the 1 9th of
October, 1834, of New England parentage. When he was
two years of age, his parents removed to Massachusetts, in
the vicinity of Boston, where, with the exception of two
years spent in New Hampshire, he resided until he entered
Harvard. He prepared for college at one of the institu-
tions in Cambridge, and was matriculated at Harvard in
1851. During his collegiate course he was distinguished
for his fine scholarship, graduating with the honors of his
class, in July, 1855. In the month of September follow-
ing, he went to the city of New York, where he was very
successfully engaged in teaching private classes, for the
purpose of preparing young men for college and the count-
ing-room. In the autumn of 1856, Mr. Barlow entered
the law office of William Curtis Noyes, Esq., where he
remained until the spring of 1857. He was then employed
as a clerk by Messrs. Wheaton & Livingston, attorneys
and counselors-at-law, also reporting law cases for the
"Tribune," and was admitted to the bar in 1858. In the
month of January, 1859, he formed a partnership with
George Bliss, Jr., which, in all of its relations, was most
satisfactory to both parties. But the professional duties
of his life were interrupted by the rebellion, in 1801. The
very day which heralded the news of the assault on Sum-
ter, found him ready, at almost a moment's warning, to
24 LIFE SKETCHES.
leave his business and his home, in order to defend the
principles which had found such deep root in his heart.
He hated servitude in all of its forms ; and he loved, both
by nature and education, all the foundation precepts of
liberty in their highest and broadest sense; and he was
prepared to go beyond the simple entertainment of these
noble views ; he was Avilling to make any sacrifice, how-
ever great, in order to maintain the eternal justice of the
nation's cause.
Although his friends knew how deeply he cherished his
opinions, yet they were unprepared for his announcement
that he would enter the ranks as a private soldier. He
had bright prospects ahead in his profession ; but, though
his attention was directed to them, he saw, above all, the
danger of the country.
" Wait," said some of his friends, " and we will get a
commission for you."
"A commission for me?" was his inquiry. " I never
handled a gun in ray life ! "
Without any further ceremony, he joined the 12tli
State Militia, on the 20th of April, 1861, which went out
for three months. There was no flourish about this act.
In an unostentatious manner, Mr. Barlow was enrolled as
a private ; and, in the same quiet and determined way, he
commenced a proud record. The next day, his regiment
departed for Washington, in defense of the capital. While
there in camp, he applied himself, in an assiduous manner,
to the study of military treatises. Every leisure moment
found him, book in hand, mastering the tactics. At the
end of three or four weeks, he accepted the position of
First Lieutenant, offered him by Colonel Buttekfield, who
fully appreciated his merits.
At the expiration of the period for which he had enlisted,
he returned to New York. But not feeling that his whole
duty to his country had been discharged, after the organ-
PRANCIS C. BARLOW. 25
ization of the 61st regiment, New York Volunteers, he
was selected and appointed as its Lieutenant-Colonel ; and
thus opened another chapter in his military course. He
had commenced at the bottom of the ladder ; but he saw
what many so often fail to perceive, that all one has to
do is to put one foot above the other, and the ascent
must be' sure. Moreover,,he was not satisfied with being
competent for performing the duties of a lieutenant-
colonelcy. The same spirit that had, a short time before,
commenced to learn the simple evolutions of a company,
looked ahead, far beyond the elementary principles of the
science of war, to the grand sweep of brigades, divisions
and corps.
His regiment was assigned to General McClellan's
army; and during the autumn and winter months of 1861,
Lieutenant-Colonel Barlow was studying the tactics, as
he had leisure, with a resolute will. When the grand
army moved down in front of Yorktown he was promoted
to the rank of Colonel.
In a few days, transpired the fierce battle of Fair Oaks,
in which the valor of our soldiers was put to a severe
trial. During this engagement. Colonel Barlow's regi-
ment lost its color-bearer, and four of the color-guard ; and
General Howard, having lost an arm, gave the command
of his brigade to Colonel Barlow. He fearlessly led the
troops into the midst of the slaughter, now encouraging
by his words, now holding them firmly in their positions
by his authority and his presence, never permitting them
to swerve from points already gained. His bravery won
for him a single star upon his shoulder. He distinguished
himself in the same gallant manner during the bloody
*' seven days' fight." The next conflict in which he took
a prominent part was at Antietam. On this occasion, he
was wounded in the breast and groin. ECis life was des-
paired of by the surgeons ; but his wife, noble and faithfuJ,
4
2C LIFE SKETCHES.
nursed him with a womanly tenderness which saved his
life. As soon as he recovered, he led a brigade into the
bloody battle of Chancellorsville. When the waves of
the rebellion dashed upon the southern slopes of Pennsyl-
vania, General Barlow led the same brigade into the
horrible engagement. Without a twinge of physical fear,
in the midst of shell and cannon, he rode in front of the
line, inspiriting the troops, and exhorting them to remain
unyielding. Wheeling squadrons, carrying slaughter in
their courses, swept on like mighty engines of destruction,
and still the slight form of General Barlow was seen
dashing from one point of attack to another. At last, the
fearless rider fell from his horse, wounded by four musket-
balls. The great agony of the fight went on, and the
brave General lay on the field, exposed to the fire of friend
and foe. While in this condition, he was again twice
wounded. When night terminated the battle, he was
found by the rebel General Early, who, while passing
over the field, discovered his rank by the star upon his
shoulder. Supposing him to be dead. General Early
paused with his staff officers, to ascertain his name,
remarking that nothing could be done for the dead Gene-
ral. Feebly raising his head. General Barlow gave
Early that terse, gritty reply, which was afterward, at
the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, so fully verified :
" I will live to fight you yet. General ! "
The assiduous attentions of Mrs. Barlow, who had
accompanied the army, succoring the wounded in hospital
and field, again brought her husband from the valley of
death. We would further add that this noble wife — a
most accomplished and beautiful woman — devoted herself
to the cause in hospital service, attending upon sick and
Avounded men, who learned to whisper her name with the
reverence which attaches to a superior being. In this
work of heroic self-sacrifices, she contracted the hospital
FRANCIS C. BARLOW. 27
fever and died, as truly and nobly a martyr to country as
the bravest soldier who ever fell on battle-field.
Resuming his command in 1864, he participated in the
battles of the Wilderness. In one of these engagements
he captured a whole division of General Early's corps,
under the command of General Johnsox, and forty pieces
of artillery. The brilliancy of these exploits is unsur-
passed. In front of Petersburgh, he was promoted to a
Major-Generalship. Taking a prominent part in the
closing conflict before Richmond, he had the satisfaction
of seeing the great army of the Confederacy vanquished
by the determined legions of the North.
In the autumn of 1865, General Barlow was nominated
by the Union party of the State of New York, as candi-
date for the office of Secretary of State, against. General
Slocum, who had been nominated by the Democrats. All
will remember the exciting canvass of that campaign.
Every important point of the great issue was discussed
from the rostrum, in city and hamlet ; and both parties
bent all their energies to the accomplishment of a success-
ful finale. The result was the election of General Bar-
low by a majority of 27,491.
Prompt in his executive abilities, he performs his official
duties in the same decisive manner which he displayed in
the army. He remains firm to the rights which he defended
with his sword ; and the laconic force of his orders on the
battle-field, characterizes the expression of his political
opinions.
THOMAS HILLHOUSE,
COMPTKOLLER.
Thomas Hillhouse, the present Comptroller, is de-
scended from one of the most honorable and distinguished
families in the comitry. Its first representative in the
United States, an Irish Protestant minister, settled in
New England, in 1720.
His eldest son, William, held important positions under
the Colonial Government of Connecticut, and, after the
Revolution, was a member of the Council, or Upper House
of the Legislature, and a County Judge. He married
Sarah Griswold, sister of the first Governor of Connec-
ticut, of that name. Of the six sons of William, James,
the eldest, Avas a member of Congress from 1790 to 1796,
and was then elected to the Senate of the United States,
in which body he served with distinction, and without
interruption, until 1810, when he resigned to take charge
of the Connecticut School Fund, of which he had been
appointed Commissioner. On the election of Mr. Jeffer-
sox as President, he succeeded him as President of the
Senate.
Thomas, the youngest of the sons of William, and
father of the Comptroller, emigrated to the State of New
York in 1801, and established himself in business at what
Avas then the village of Troy. A few years later, he pur-
chased a farm, in the adjoining county of Albany, to
which he removed in 1810. It was here that the subject
of this sketch was born, March 10th, 1817. His boyhood
may be dismissed with the remark, that it was made up
of the usual incidents falling to the lot of persons in his
situation of life. At the age of eighteen, while preparing
for college, he was called home by the death of his father,
THOMAS HILLHOUSE. 29
to take charge of his affairs. Abandoning all thoughts of
a profession, he devoted himself sedulously to the manage-
ment of the family property. For the next ten years he
was widely known as an enthusiastic, hard-working, and
influential farmer, serving, for several years, as an efficient
officer of the State Agricultural Society, and regularly
attending its public exhibitions. In 1851, he removed to
Geneva, in the county of Ontario, where, with the excep-
tion of the time occupied in public duties, he has since
resided.
The subsequent connection of Mr. Hillhouse with public
affairs, grew out of the course of President Buchanan's
administration on the question of the extension of slavery
over the free Territories of the West. It was this consid-
eration that determined many thoughtful men, not before
actively connected with the political organizations of the
day, to unite in a determined effort for the overthrow
of the dominant party. In the Presidential campaign of
1856, Mr. Hillhouse "took a conspicuous part, and it was
to his active labors at that time, in the county of his resi-
dence, that he owed his election to the State Senate in
1 859. The attention of the Legislature, the following year,
was principally occupied with questions of local concern ;
and the sound practical wisdom which Mr. Hillhouse
brought to the consideration of the various and complicated
interests of the State, soon gave him a commanding influ-
ence in that body. Before the assembling of the Senate,
in January, 1861, the plot for the dissolution of the Union
had been developed, and it had become apparent to the
most incredulous minds that the country would soon be in
the throes of a revolution. It was under the full convic-
tion that the storm could not be averted, that Mr. Hill-
house, on the first day of the session, moved a resolution
for the appointment of a Select Committee on National
Affairs ; and, as Chairman of that Committee, he subse-
30 LIFE SKETCHES.
quently brought in an able report, denouncing the course
of the Southern States as a revolutionary attempt to sub-
vert the government, which, if persisted in, was to be met
by a coercion of arms, and declaring that the State of Xew
York was prepared to support the General Government
with her material as well as her moral power. But the
march of events was more rapid than the proceedings of
Legislative bodies, and the report and accompanying reso-
lutions were still under consideration when the attack on
Sumter called the people to arras, and transferred the
questions at issue, from the arena of debate to the arbitra-
ment of the sword.
The Legislature adjourned on the l7th of April, 1861 5
and, in July of that year, the position of Adjutant-General
of the State was tendered to Mr. Hillhouse, and he at once
accepted it. In entering upon the discharge of its duties,
without previous experience, he manifested his faith in the
proposition that much of the mystery which unprofessional
minds attach to a subject, exists only in the imagination,
and that a determined purjDOse will go far to remove the
most formidable difficulties.
It is almost impossible to over-estimate the value of
the labors of Adjutant-General Hillhouse, to the State
and the nation. He strove with an assiduity and ability
rarely equaled in the public service, to infuse into the
organization of the military arm of the State, thorough
efficiency and preparation for the work in hand. That he
succeeded, the valor and exploits of the volunteers from
the State of New York in the national army, fully
attest.
The connection of Mr. Hillhouse with the military
service, terminated with the close of Governor Morgan's
second term; and he was without official employment,
from that time until 1865, when he was elected to the
office he now holds.
THOMAS HILLHOUSE. 31
He lias held the office of Comptroller for one year, but,
in that time, he has manifested his eminent ability and
great fitness for the position. He brings to the discharge
of its arduous duties, a breadth of comprehension and thor-
ough appreciation of the interests, dignity and well-being
of a great State, which preeminently entitle him to the
appellation — a statesman. His paper on the sources of
revenue and the powers of the State and national govern-
ment, indicates a capacity for usefulness in the public
service, rarely surpassed.
Politically, Mr. Hillhouse has acted with the Repub-
lican party from its earliest history. Being a firm believer
in the supremacy of the government of the United States,
and convinced that it is clothed with the most ample
powers to meet every emergency in public affairs, he was
enabled to give to the extraordinary measures of that
government, during the war, an intelligent and valuable
support, all the more earnest that it was not inconsistent
with his honest convictions as to the extent of its juris-
diction. Some time before the passage of the act of Con-
gress " To enroll the national forces," he had expressed the
opinion that, as an incident to the power " to raise and
support armies," Congress could adopt the means of com-
pulsory service; and, after the passage of the act, he
defended it in a series of articles, widely circulated, which
went very far toward settling the controversy. These
articles were quoted in Congress, and everywhere referred
to as disposing of a subject which had provoked much
bitter discussion.
JOSEPH ROWLAND,
STATE TREASURER.
Joseph Howland was born in the city of New York,
on the 3d of December, 1834. He is the son of Samuel
Howla:s^d, Esq., of the firm of Howland & Aspinwall.
His mother was the daughter of the late John Hone,
Esq., a distinguished merchant of the city of New York.
His lineage can be traced directly to the Puritans, his
ancestor, John Howland, being one of the earnest adven-
turers who embarked in the Mayflower.
General Howland received all the advantages of a lib-
eral education, through private schools and tutors ; and also
enjoyed the privileges of nine years of travel in Europe
and America. Being of a delicate constitution, he sought
to improve his health by retirement from city life ; there-
fore, about ten years ago, he removed to a farm, on the
east bank of the Hudson, a little north of the Highlands,
in the town of Fishkill, where he has an extended view
of mountain and river scenery, and where the invigorating
air has done very much to render him more robust and
healthy. There he is engaged in the cultivation of his
extensive lands, and in various works of improvement, to
the supervision of which he devotes a large portion of his
time, when not engaged in official duties. There, in the
enjoyment of an ample fortune, and the society of his
estimable wife (who was the daughter of Charles W.
WooLSEY, Esq., of New York city), surrounded by every-
thing calculated to render life attractive, he seeks to make
himself useful by relieving the wants of the poor, and
doing much to promote the public welfare. He has
erected, in the vicinity of his residence, upon the site of
the former district school house, an edifice of rare archi-
JOSEPH HOWLAND. 33
tectiiral beauty, a ^ portion of which is designed as a
school house for the district, and the remainder as a chapel
for public worship. This building cost over fourteen
thousand dollars. In it, assembles, every Sabbath, a large
Sunday School, of which General Howlaxd is the Super-
intendent ; and there religious services are regularly held.
When the rebel organization first made an assault upon
one of the United States forts, Mr. Howland was ani-
mated by a feeling of exalted patriotism. His first and
strongest impulse was to ofier his services in defense of his
country. And what wonder that he did so? What
wonder that the Puritan blood coursed through its chan-
nels with indignation, when4;he Union was betrayed and
insulted ? His whole lineage had been uncompromisingly
true to the Republic : could he prove false to the pure sen-
timents of his forefathers ? He had an attractive home,
made dear to him by many associations, and presided over
by a refined and intelligent wife ; he possessed a large for-
tune, which afforded him means for gratifying his tastes ;
he had occupations which were congenial to him ; and, he
was the center of hosts of friends. Many persons would
have preferred to have simply used their wealth in behalf
of their country — and with great credit, too — but Mr.
HowLAND and his wife recognized the priceless worth of
our institutions, and they were willing to forego the
enjoyments which had so long been at their command,
and to consecrate themselves, as well as their wealth, to the
aid of their government. Therefore, the husband bound
on the equipage for military service, and the wife donned
the costume appropriate for a woman who was willing
to spend long, tiresome hours in the hospital wards.
Mr. HowLAND first entered the service, on the 1 0th of
May, 1861, in the capacity of Adjutant of the 16th Regi-
ment, New York Volunteers, Colonel Davies command-
ing ; and subsequently served as Acting Adjutant-General.
5
34 LIFE SKETCHES.
His military abilities were soon tested, in the calamitous
conflict of Bull Run, in July, 1861, on which occasion he
exhibited qualities of coolness in changing the troops from
point to point, which compared favorably with the acts of
veteran soldiers. On the 16th of September, 1861, he was
commissioned Assistant Adjutant-General of Volunteers,
ranking as Captain. On the promotion of Colonel Davies,
which took place on the Vth of March, 1862, Captain
Howl AND was appointed Colonel of the 16th Regiment
N. Y. Vols. There was an unanimous desire, on the part
of the officers of the regiment, that this promotion should
be made, and Generals Slocum and Fkankhn added their
hearty recommendations. Sometimes men are tried soon
after they are placed in new positions ; and it is these
sudden emergencies which demonstrate whether or not a
person is equal to fiery ordeals. 'Not long after he took
command of the 16th Regiment, the battle of West Point
was fought, in which his regiment was engaged through-
out the day. Amid the slaughter and din of the san-
guinary conflict, his men remained unyielding, filled with
confidence in their leader.
Three or four months after this, at the battle of Gaines'
Mill, his regiment was stationed at a dangerous point.
Occupying the right of the line, it was very much exposed
during the engagement; but Colonel Howland daunt-
lessly led his men into the hottest of the fight. The
enemy had taken two of our guns, but they were not per-
mitted to hold them any great length of time, for Colonel
Howland charged with his regiment, and retook them at
great hazard. In the effort, he was severely wounded ;
but, though painfully exhausted, it was not until the close
of the battle that he left his saddle. This wound totally
unfitted him for active duty; and his otherwise failing
health compelled him to return home. But the call of his
country was still ringing in his ears ; and, against the
JOSEPH ROWLAND. 35
judgment of his friends, he soon retui:ned to the scenes of
war. It was apparent, however, that his physical system
was so impaired, that he could not bear the fatigue inci-
dent to camp life. Therefore, he was obliged, with many
regrets, to resign his position in the army, where he had
acquired many friends, and to return to the quiet of civil
life. His regiment had the most unlimited confidence in
him, upon all occasions, and found in him, a friend whose
generous heart was full of sympathy for them. It is well
known that, in the early months of the war, the govern-
ment was unable to furnish all necessary articles to the
soldiers. Colonel Howland met this want by supplying
his men with gaiters and rubber blankets, purchased at his
own expense ; and, when his connection with the army
ceased, he still remembered the soldiers in the field, and
forwarded to them articles for their comfort and relief.
His brilliant military record was duly recognized by Presi-
dent LiNCOLisr, who commissioned him Brigadier-General,
for gallantry at the battle of Gaines' Mill, his commission
to date from March 4th, 1864. We would mention the
regard and kindness displayed by his noble wife, who took
upon herself the duties of the hospitals, with all the hero-
ism of a brave and Christian woman.
General Howland has always ranked as a sound Repub-
lican. He was elected, by his party, as State Treasurer,
in ISTovember, 1865. He has never been an office-seeker;
and the position which he now holds so creditably, was
urged upon him by his political friends, strictly upon his
personal merits. During the period in which he has been
in office, he has made numerous accessions of friends, for
none can know him but to admire him for his many vir-
tues. Easy and affable in his manner, possessing excellent
social qualities, he renders every one happy in his pres-
ence, and commands the respect of the people, by his
unstained integrity.
JOHN H. MAETINDALE,
ATTOENEY-GENERAL.
John Heney Maetindale was born at Sandy Hill, in
the county of Washington, N. Y., on the 20th of March,
1815. His father, the Hon. Heney C. Maetindale,
was a native of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, a dis-
tinguished citizen of the county of Washington, a man of
literary tastes and culture, and of liberal education, by
profession a lawyer, holding at intervals various public
stations in the county, and for ten years a member of
Congress from the Washington district, during the admin-
istrations of Presidents Moneoe, John Quincy Adams
and Jackson. His mother, born in Manchester, Vermont
— whose maiden name was Mineeva HiTCHCoci: — was a
daughter of John Hitchcock, Esq., who, with his brothers
AsHEL, Isaac and Ziea, settled in the town of Kingsbury,
Washington county, near the conclusion of the revolu-
tionary war. The burial ground in Kingsbury, set apart
for the purpose by John Hitchcock, and where his
remains and those of his father, and brothers Ashel and
Isaac, and many of their descendants for four generations
are now reposing, was long known in the neighborhood
as " Squire Johri's LoV
Mr. Maetindale is a graduate of the Military Academy
at West Point, having entered there in 1831, and gradu-
ated with distinction, being third in his class, in 1835. He
entered the army as Second Lieutenant on leaving the
Academy, but resigned in March of the following year, to
engage in more active pursuits. He immediately com-
menced the study of the law, and in July, 1838, was
admitted to the bar, and engaged in practice in Batavia,
ISTew York. In 1840 he was married, at Batavia, to Eme-
JOHN H. MARTINDALE. 37
LINE M. HoLDEN, a daughter of Hinman Holden, Esq.,
one of the pioneers of Western IsTew York, and for a long
time a resident and a highly respected and influential citi-
zen of Genesee county. In 1842, he was appointed District
Attorney of Genesee county by the Court of Common
Pleas, and held that office for the three following years.
In 1847, at the first election under the new Constitution
of 1846, he was chosen to the same office, and held it until
the 1st of January, 1851. In the spring of 1851, he
removed to the city of Rochester, and successfully prose-
cuted his profession there, until the outbreak of the recent
rebellion, when he promptly tendered his services to the
Government, and was commissioned, in August, 1861,
Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and was assigned to the
command of the First Brigade of General Fitz John
Porter's Division. His two brothers. Colonel Edward
Martindale and Brevet Major F. E. Martindale, and
his son. Lieutenant Edward H. Martindale — composing
every adult male member of his family — followed him
into the military service. During the long period of
inactivity following the battle of Bull Run, General Mar-
tindale was diligently engaged in instructing and dis-
ciplining his Brigade. When, at length, the campaign was
opened at Yorktown, he, with his command, took part in
all the battles and encounters which occurred on the Pen-
insula, in the disastrous summer of 1862. At Yorktown,
Hanover Court House, Gaines' Mill and Mechanicsville,
the Brigade of General Martindale was conspicuous for
the skillful manner in which it was handled, for its rapid
movements to points of danger, and its great efficiency.
His Brigade consisted, at various times, of Massachusetts,
New York, Maine and Michigan regiments. The 18th
and 22d Massachusetts, the 13th and 25th New York, the
2d Maine and the 1st Michigan, being commanded by him
before the ending of the Peninsula campaign. With the
38 LIFE SKETCHES.
Army of the Potomac, he and his Brigade lay waiting in
the works before Washington, during the long inactivity
of 1861 ; and with them he marched and fought upon the
Peninsula, from Yorktown to Malvern and Harrison's Bar.
In all that series of encounters, he bore an active part,
especially at Yorktown, Hanover Court House, Gaines'
Mill, Mechanicsville and Malvern. His Brigade endu-
red its full share of exposure and struggle.
At the battle of Hanover Court House, he showed
marked military capacity. He took the dangerous respons-
ibility of disposing his troops and putting them in peril-
ous position, contrary to the orders of his superior officer.
For while actually engaged fighting with the enemy, he
received from General Fitz John Poeter, an order to
retire and move toward the Court House, where the rest
of General Porter's command had proceeded. It being
manifest, however, that the Commanding General was
entirely mistaken in the " situation " of the enemy, and
that obedience to his orders would leave the whole line of
march open to assault against the rear and left flank of the
Union column, he remained with one regiment (the 2d
Maine) to cover the line, and confront the whole force of
the enemy. In this position, he was joined by a regiment
(the 44th New York) which he had left behind to guard
the approach of the enemy by a curving road, and which
was then moving toward the Court House quite uncon-
scious that General Porter had ordered his whole rear
to be left exposed, and had thereby actually interposed,
between that regiment and his main force, more than 4,000
of the enemy. General Maetindale was here joined by a
fragment of the 25th New York, under Colonel Johnson,
and two pieces of artillery, and by fortunate disposition
of his force — not exceeding, all told, 1,000 men — held the
whole strength of the enemy at bay, for nearly two hours.
This was the only serious and perilous fighting in that
JOHN H. MARTINDALE. 39
battle ; for when, at length, the main body of General
Porter's command returned to the battle-field from the
Court House (a distance of about four miles), the prepon-
derance of force was so much in our favor, that the enemy
scarcely offered a serious resistance, and was soon put to
rout.
Major-General Griffin, conspicuous in the campaign of
the Peninsula, writes as follows of General Martindale :
"Before Yorktown; at Hanover, where we gained a complete
victory (and the entire success was due to his exertions and judg-
ment alone) ; at G-aines' Mill, where I recollect his earnest objec-
tions to the positions of the different arms of service, and where, I
believe, had the Commanding Officer listened to the proposed changes,
the result would have been diflferent; again, at Malvern, where his
command was ably handled ; at these battles, from my own per-
sonal observation of his conduct, comes my expressions of con-
fidence."
On the retreat from Malvern to Harrison's Bar, which
happened in the night-time, and after a successful battle,
a circumstance happened which led to unpleasant con-
sequences. The army at Malvern had Avon a decided vic-
tory. At nightfall they rested on their arms ; but, in the
dead of night, they were aroused by the order to retreat.
It was a black and rainy night. The fact was known and
reported that the Commanding General of the army was
on board of a gunboat, but subordinate commanders were
not informed of the cause for the retreat, nor to what
point they were to go, unless it might be Fortress Monroe
itself. In the confusion of so sudden and so unexpected a
retreat, the wounded and dying were left on the field, and
many of the commands were utterly scattered.
General Martindale remained halted at the head of his
column for two hours, endeavoring to preserve order ; but,
at length, finding it impossible, gave the command to
move forward. The largest part of his command in his
40 LIFE SKETCHES.
rear, without his knowledge, had already been started for-
ward in the darkness, and was far in advance of him, by
command of a superior officer. He found himself immedi-
ately mixed up in entire confusion in the promiscuous rout.
Excited and indignant at this disorder and apparent deser-
tion of the wounded, he exclaimed to some of his asso-
ciate officers in language to this effect : " Let us stay with
the men and surrender, rather than abandon them."
The retreat, however, was continued. On arriving at
Harrison's Bar, he was taken sick with typhoid fever,
owing to long exposure and want of food. In that con-
dition he was brought to Washington, and lay there,
hovering between life and death, at the house of a friend,
from the middle of July till the latter part of August.
During that time, while lying thus helpless, charges were
preferred against him by General Fitz John Poeter, that
he proposed to surrender his Brigade to the enemy on
the retreat from Malvern. Whether these charges were
founded in malice or not, they entirely perverted the
whole idea of his sudden and unpremeditated expression
on that occasion. Immediately upon recovering from his
sickness, he demanded a court of inquiry at Washington.
This court, composed of three general officers of the
highest standing, entirely and promptly exonerated him
from the charges, and reported that they were disproved
by the prosecutor's own evidence.
The Administration, immediately after, as if to mark
their approbation of his conduct, appointed him Military
Governor of Washington, a position of critical respons-
ibility, and one requiring both military and civil ability
of a peculiar character.
He was subsequently breveted Major-General of Volun-
teers by commission from the President and Senate, for
gallant conduct at the battle of Malvern Hill. He was
appointed to the position of Military Governor, in Novem-
JOHN H. MAETINDALE. 41
ber, 1862, and held the balances between the rival juris-
dictions, civil and military of the city, with an equal, a
firm, and an instructed hand, until the first of May, 1864,
when he was relieved at his own request, and ordered to
join the Army of the James, at Fortress Monroe, under
the command of Major-General Butler.
At the movement of this army toward Petersburgh,
General Maktindale was placed in command of a
division, and participated in the battle of Swift Creek,
and in the movement toward Richmond, and the battle of
Drury's Bluff or Proctor's Creek. He moved with his
division, being the second of the 18th Corps, under Gen-
eral W. F. Smith, and joined the Army of the Potomac,
on the 1st of June, 1864, at Cold Harbor. He entered
immediately into the action at that place, on that day,
and was also in the engagements which continued there,
at intervals, until the 12th of June. In the severe assault
of the 3d of June, he was in the thickest of the battle
with his division, and much exposed — one-third of his
command being killed or wounded within the space of an
hour. He moved from Cold Harbor with the 18th Corps,
in advance of the Army of the Potomac, and was present
at the assault on Petersburgh, on the 15 th of June, when
the outer defenses northeast of that city, were carried
by the 18th Corps, under command of General Smith.
On the following day his division was again in action,
cooperating with the 9th Corps. On the l'8th, he com-
manded a Provisional Corps, composed of two divisions
of the 18th, and McNeil's division of the 6th Corps, and
gained the advanced line on the Appomattox, held by our
forces until the final movement in the following spring.
On the retirement of General W. F. Smith, General Mak-
tindale took command of the 18th Army Corps, and
retained it till he was totally disabled by sickness, and was
compelled to relinquish his command and resign his com-
6
42 LIFE SKETCHES.
mission. With what reluctance his resignation was
accepted, may be inferred from the following indorsement
by his Commanding General on his letter of resignation :
In the Field, August 9, 1864.
Approved with regret, I would wish that a brave, energetic and
efficient officer could be kept in the service. I trust his health may
be restored, and have, therefore, extended his leave of absence for
twenty days, trusting that in the mean time, with renewed health.
General Martindale may recall his resignation.
BENJAMIN F. BUTLER,
Major- General Commanding.
Broken down by the labors and exposure of three years'
service, Gen. Martindale was compelled to retire; yet, in
his retreat to civil life, he was mindful of his country's
welfare, and lifted up his voice for the reelection of
Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency. On the 4th of
July, 1865, he addressed his fellow-townsmen at Roch-
ester, urging the adoption of the amendment of the
Constitution as the final destruction of slavery.
Before the formation of the Republican party. General
Martixdale was, like his father, a Whig and an enthusi-
astic admirer and supporter of *' Harry Clay." He was
a member of the Convention which organized the Repub-
lican party, and has ever since cooperated with that party,
and been recognized as one of the earnest members of it.
He was elected Attorney-General of this State in Novem-
ber, 1865, and entered on the duties of the office on the
1st of January following.
General Martindale ranks among the ablest lawyers of
this State. His powers of analysis, his comprehensive
legal knowledge and his familiarity with human nature,
combine to render him a skillful attorney; and his
graceful delivery, his burning sarcasm and his artistic
delineations coupled with his appeal to the sympathies,
are all powerful aids which are completely at his command.
J. PLATT GOODSELL,
STATE ENGINEER AND SURVEYOR.
Mr. GooDSELL is the eldest son of the late Dr. Thomas
GooDSELL, and by his mother, who was a Livingston, he
is connected with the families of that name in the eastern
and other portions of this State. He was born at Utica,
Oneida county, New York, and has continued to be a
resident of that county to the present time. Mr. Goodsell
received his earlier education at the Utica Academy, and
completed his studies in Massachusetts, entering early in
life, into the practice of civil engineering.
His first service in connection with the public works of
the State, began in 1840, under the supervision of the late
distinguished engineer. Holmes Hutchinson, in tlie survey
for the enlargement of the Erie Canal, and extended
through the years 1841 and 1842. The years 1843 and
1844 were spent in Mobile, Alabama, for the benefit of his
health, which had become impaired. While in the South,
he occasionally practiced surveying and engineering. On
his return to his native State, he was appointed, in 1846,
by Nathaniel Jones, who was Canal Commissioner at
that time, as Second Assistant Engineer, and in 1846,
imder the new Constitution, on the active resumption of
the public works, was promoted through the several grades
of Assistant. In 1 850 he was appointed Resident Engineer,
to be located at Albany. His labors, at this point, for the
enlargement of the Erie Canal, and the plans which he
originated and adopted for a cheaper class of mechanical
structures, especially those of the aqueducts of the Mohawk
Valley, are all well known to the profession.
Major Goodsell was removed from the office of Resi-
dent Engineer, on account of political changes, in 1853,
u
LIFE SKETCHES.
and during the same year, was appointed Chief Engineer
of the Cape Fear and Deep River Railroad, in North
Carolina. He was constantly engaged in the surveys,
locations and constructions of that road during 1854, 1855,
and 1856. While thus employed, he was, without solici-
tation on his part, appointed by the Canal Board, Division
Engineer on the New York State Canals, being located,
by the State Engineer and Surveyor, on the Eastern
Division at Albany. During the period from 1856 to 1861,
this Division of the Erie Canal, together with the north-
ern portion of the Black River Canal, and the improve-
ments of the Black River, was completed and ready for
use, as were also the combined locks on the Champlain
Canal, at Waterford and Whitehall. The promptitude and
competency with which these works were conducted, were
attributable to Major Goodsell, who, feeling that his office
was no sinecure, was faithful in his superintendence of the
improvements which he had in charge. But, in 1861, he
was again removed from office, by the Canal Board,
subject as he was to the fluctuations of politics ; and, in
1862, was reappointed Division Engineer, for the Middle
Division, located at Syracuse. He was holding that position
when nominated and elected by the Republican party to
the office which he now holds. As a proof of the esteem
with which Mr. Goodsell is held by the citizens of his
own town, we would mention that he was twice elected to
the office of Supervisor, in which capacity, with commend-
atory promptness, he carried his town through the diffisr-
ent calls for volunteers, made in 1863 and 1864.
About the year 1850, a society of engineers was formed,
called "The 'New York State Institution of Civil Engi-
neers." This association had a central' office in the State
Hall, at Albany. Mr. Goodsell was a leading member of
the organization, and for many years, one of its executive
officers. Most of the prominent engineers of the State were
J. PLATT GOODSELL. 45
among its members ; and, within its rooms, the walls of
which were covered with plans, were discussed many
important questions relating to canals, railroads, aqueducts
and bridges. A monthly paper was also issued by the
Secretary of the Society. But the association long since
passed out of existence, because it did not receive that
aid from the public, to which it was entitled.
Mr. GooDSELL has always been respected for his moral
worth as well as for his professional ability ; and he has
enjoyed, in no small measure, the esteem and confidence of
the officers connected with the public works of the State,
not only on account of his boldness and force of character,
but also for his peculiar. practical knowledge of matters
connected with his profession. His energies have mostly
been directed to canal affairs, and therefore he is enabled
to readily comprehend the many embarrassing questions
which frequently arise in the execution of his labors.
Possessing quick perceptions, he rapidly draws his infer-
ences, and seldom changes his conclusions. There is
nothing erratic in his composition ; on the contrary, he has
an even temperament which rarely subjects any man to
severe criticism. Mr. Goodsell is self-made and self-
reliant ; and his services cannot fail to be of great useful-
ness to the public at large.
PATKICK H. JONES,
CLERK OF THE COURT OF APPEALS.
Mr. Jones is a gentleman of slight proportions, but
plainly possessing powers of great endurance. He has
a mild, calculating eye, a pleasant face, and a courteous,
modest mien. He was born in the county of Westmeath,
Ireland, November 20th, 1830. At the age of seven, he
was sent to a grammar school in the city of Dublin,
where he remained for three years; and, in 1840, at the
age of ten, he came to this country with his parents, who
settled on a farm in the county of Cattaraugus, New
York. He was sent by his parents to the Union School
at Ellicottville, then presided over by Professor Lowell
of Middlebury College, Vermont, where he was well
grounded in the common branches of school studies.
In 1850, being then twenty years of age, he became
connected with a leading journal of this State, and
traveled through the Western States as its correspond-
ent. He subsequently became the local editor of the
" Buffalo Republic," and one of the editors of the " Buf-
falo Sentinel."
The pursuits of a journalist do not appear to have
been congenial to the tastes of Mr. Jones, for, in
1853, he began the study of law in the office of Hon.
Addison G. Rice, at Ellicottville, N. Y. Three years
afterward, Mr. Jones was admitted to the bar, and
commenced the practice of law in partnership with
Mr. Rice; he continued this partnership until the out-
break of the Rebellion, when, like so many of his
profession, he left the desk of a lawyer to enter the
army, in which he was destined to rise to distinction.
Much of the interest of this sketch, of course, centers
PATRICK H. JONES. 47
in his military career. It was his bravery which brought
him so early into prominence, and secured his elevation
by the voice of the people to high official position, as
a spontaneous testimonial of approbation and thankful-
ness for services rendered to his country.
He entered the service in 1861, as Second Lieutenant in
the 37th Regiment, New York Volunteers, commanded by
Colonel J. H. McCunn, now one of the judges of the
Superior Court of New York city. His regiment was
attached to the army of General McClellan, and Lieu-
tenant Jones served throughout the whole Campaign of
the Peninsula, and was present at the battles of Williams-
burgh, Fair Oaks, and the battles of the celebrated
retreat to Harrison's Landing. For gallant conduct
during this campaign. Lieutenant Jones was success-
ively promoted Adjutant and Major of his regiment,
before the close of the Peninsula Campaign. That the
services of Lieutenant Jones' regiment, during these bat-
tles, were important, and the fighting severe, will appear
from the fact that it formed a part of the command of the
gallant Kearney, who fell at Chantilly. Major Jones
was commissioned Colonel of the 154th Regiment, New
York Volunteers, in October 1862. This regiment was
raised in the counties of Cattaraugus and Chautauqua.
Upon its arrival at Washington, Colonel Jones assumed
command of it, having just left his old regiment, the 37th,
in which he had so gallantly earned his promotion. He
soon afterward reported to General Sigel, whose command
at that time, formed a part of the Army of the Potomac.
Upon the retirement of General Burnside in the new
organization of the army. Colonel Jones' regiment was a
portion of the command of General O. O. Howard, under
whom he fought at Chancellorsville, where he fell severely
wounded, fighting amidst the rout of his corps. He fell
into the enemy's hands during the battle, but was soon
48 LIFE SKETCHES,
after exchanged. In the mean time, and while he was
recovering from his wounds, General Howard's corps, the
11th, and Slocum's, the 12th, was ordered to the west
Tinder Hooker, to relieve the starving army of Thomas at
Chattanooga, recently driven by Bragg from the field
of Chickamauga. Colonel Jones rejoined his regiment the
day before the battle of Chattanooga, having hastened
thither as soon as the nature of his wounds would admit,
and thus had the honor of being present at that great
battle which effectually turned the tide of rebel victory in
the west, and plucked from Bragg the laurels won at
Chickamauga. Soon after, the corps of Howard and
Slocum were consolidated by order of General Grant, and
formed thenceforth the 20th corps under General Hooker.
In the new organization, Colonel Jones was assigned with
his regiment to the division of General J. W. Geary
(present Governor of Pennsylvania), a sagacious and skill-
ful officer. He commanded a brigade under. General
Geary, during the terrible and glorious campaign of
Atlanta, and in the great march of Sherman to the Atlan-
tic; and entered Savannah in triumph, on the 22d of
•December, 1864, in the van of the army. It is well known
that General Geary's vigilance was rewarded on the
occasion, by the discovery of the evacuation of the city
by the enemy. He entered Savannah while the rest of
the army were sleeping. Colonel Jones was stationed
with his brigade in the city. For services during the cam-
paigns of Chattanooga and Atlanta, he was promoted to
the rank of Brigadier-General, upon the recommendation
of Generals Hooker and Howard, approved by General
Sherman himself After the great review at Washington,
active service being over, he resigned his commission and
retired to civil life. He recommenced the practice of law,
on his return home. He was elected on the Union Repub-
lican ticket of 1865, to the position of Clerk of the Court
PATEICK H. JONES. 40
of Appeals, and has, since January 1st, 1866, been dis-
charging the duties of that office. Last summer General
Jones removed to New York city, where he now is, when
not engaged in official duties.
Such is a short account of the interesting history of this
gentleman. So many men of the present day, fresh from
the fields of strife, are worthy of admiration, that it seems
almost invidious to eulogize any particular one ; but we
cannot refrain from adding that Mr. Jones' course, from
boyhood to the present time, has been marked by integrity
of purpose and bravery of spirit. Born in a land where
the oppression of hundreds of years has not been able to
crush out the longings of the people for liberty, and
coming to a country where every man is a sovereign, and
where eagerness for distinction, wealth and power, is
remarkable, he has, in reality, " won his way " in a praise-
worthy manner.
1
NATHANIEL S. BENTON,
AUDITOR OF THE CANAL DEPARTMENT.
There is a class of mind pervading the New England
States, which is unflinching in emergencies, and uncom-
promising in integrity. Taking upon itself the character-
istics of its rugged surroundings, it stands out in as clear
relief as the granite mountains. Its influence is felt from
the pines of Maine to the bayous of the South. One
meets it in the thoroughfares of the metropolis, and
on the pioneer lines of our frontiers — firm, unyielding,
honest ! The subject of this sketch belongs to this class.
His native State seems to have imparted to him much of
the sterling worth which she gave to her stern settlers.
Nathaniel S. Benton was born in Westmoreland,
New Hampshire, on the 19th of February, 1792. When
he was four years of age, his parents removed, with their
family, to the small town of Fryburgh, situated in the
western part of Maine which was then a Province. Here,
Mr. Benton attended the village Academy, being in-
structed, awhile, by Daniel Webster, who was principal
of that institution. During the winter of 1812, he was
engaged in teaching ; and, in the spring, he again resumed
his studies. But the sound of war was filling the land ;
the country was calling for troops to defend the frontiers.
Filled with a sense of patriotism, Mr. Benton abandoned
his books, and enlisted, as a private, in the 34th Regiment,
United States Infantry. But a short time elapsed before
he was appointed Ensign ; and, as soon as he reported
himself at Portland, Avhich was the head-quarters of his
regiment, he received the commission of a Lieutenant.
He remained here with his company, doing garrison duty
at Fort Preble, until the succeeding fall, when his regiment
NATHANIEL S. BENTON. 61
joined Hampton's army, at Cumberland Head. In that
campaign lie acted as Adjutant of the 1st Light Corps,
which was commanded by Major Josiah Snelling, of the
old 4th United States Infantry, of Tippecanoe and
Brownstown celebrity. Major John E. Wool, then of
the 29th United States Infantry, now Major-General
Wool, of the regular army, commanded the 2d Light
Corps. Mr. Benton participated, with heroism, in the
actions which took place on that frontier, while he was in
the service. He also served as Judge-Advocate at two
general courts-martial, while the army was in winter quar-
ters, at Plattsburgh, in 1814.
At the termination of the war, he began the study of
law, in the office of his uncle, Mr. A. G. Britton, in the
town of Orford, New Hampshire ; and, early in the year
1816, he left that place and went to Little Falls, New
York, where he continued his studies in the office of G.
H. Feetee, Esq. Near the close of the next year, he was
made Justice of the Peace by the Council of Appointment,
which body, under the old Constitution, held the neces-
sary powers for that purpose. At the October Term of
the Supreme Court, in 1819, he was duly examined, and
admitted to practice. A few weeks later, Chancellor
Kent admitted him as Solicitor in Chancery.
Having a desire to see something of the West, he made
an extended tour of observation in that direction, passing
through the States of Pennsylvania, Virginia, Kentucky,
Tennessee, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana and Ohio.
During this time, in the spring of 1820, he visited the
locality where the city of Chicago now stands, on which
site was nothing but an old block house. Thence he tra-
versed the wilderness, from the head of Lake Peoria, on
the Illinois river, due west to the Mississippi crossing, and
explored the lands then set apart for military bounties to
the soldiers of 1812, almost daily encountering the semi-
62 LIFE SKETCHES.
hostile Winnebago Indians. On his return to Little Falls,
he opened a law office in that place. He held the office
of Surrogate from 1821 to 1828, when he resigned, to dis-
charge the duties of State Senator for the Fifth Senate
district. He held this office until the close of the session,
in 1831, and then resigned to accept the appointment of
United States District Attorney, made by President Jack-
son. He continued to hold that position under succeeding
appointments made by Presidents Jackson and Van
BuREN, until the year 1841. He was appointed by
Governor Maecy, First Judge of Herkimer county, in
1832.
Mr. Hammond in his Political History of New York,
speaks of Mr. Benton as holding an influential position
while in the Senate. He served, in that body, with
Spencer, Sewakd, Viele, Allen, Tallmadge and others
of that day, who have since departed. Mr. Benton
always acted with the Democratic organization, until
1855, and in 1858 he identified himself with the Repub-
lican party. He always advocated the speedy completion
of our public works, and, on that point, often disagreed
with his political associates. He held strictly to the
doctrine that human slavery could nowhere exist in this
country, except by an authority of positive statute law ;
and that the common law of the Anglo-Saxon race, could,
in no respect, sanction or uphold the enslavement of a
human being, black or white. He advocated the election
and reelection of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency; and
never countenanced the non-coercion of rebellion and
secession.
When the excitement ran high between the Old Hunk-
ers and the Barn Burners, the Legislature elected him
Secretary of State. He received the appointment of
Auditor, in 1856, from the Commissioners of the Canal
Fund. When the power of appointment was conferred
NATHANIEL S. BENTON. 53
upon the Governor and Senate, in 1857, he was reap-
pointed by Governor Morgan; and lie has since been
reappointed by Governor Fenton. His present term
expires on the 1st of January, 1868.
Mr. Benton, though liberal and tolerant in the common
affairs of life, holds tenaciously to the doctrine of strict
construction in the discharge of his official duties. His
rule of action is the Constitution and laws of the land
passed in accordance therewith, believing that there is no
security for public rights and the liberty and safety of the
citizen, in a republic, except in a strict adherence to this
rule — that the welfare of a constituent member of the
State, should be subordinate to that of the whole commu-
nity. He maintains that the canals of the State are the
property of the whole people, and not of any particular
portion or section of the State, or class of its citizens. In
1859, three years after Mr. Benton went into the office,
the canal receipts had fallen off over $900,000 from 1850,
owing to the reduction in the rates of toll in 1858-9, a
result foretold by the Auditor at the time. In January,
1860, on the coming in of a Republican Canal Board, Mr.
Benton, having then been in the Department four years,
urgently advocated the restoration of the rates of toll to
those of 1857, and, on some articles, a higher rate ; and he
presented such facts to the Board as satisfied the members
that his policy was the true one for the interests of the
State. The subject was actively canvassed, earnestly
debated and strongly opposed by the shipping and for-
warding interests on the canal; but the measure was
finally carried through; and, in the spring of 1862, the
rates were brought back to those of 1857, with this result
or difference between 1857 and 1862, viz. : an average gain
of thirty-six cents a ton in 1862, over that of 1859, making
that difference nearly three millions of dollars, including
the tolls on the increased tonnage. This fact shows the
64 LIFE SKETCHES.
soundness of the Auditor's notions on this financial
question.
Mr. Benton is a gentleman of unimpeachable reputa-
tion. He is every inch an honest man, as hundreds of his
acquaintances, in public and private life, can testify. He
is, as he ever has been, a faithful sentinel over the treasury
of the State, in the Canal Department ; and his mind, at
the age of seventy-four years, is just as acute as everj in
recognizing the traces of corruption. That he has spent
so much of his lifetime, in the political arena, without a
stain upon his buckler, is a fact which furnishes an exam-
ple worthy of being imitated. It is to be regretted that
men of this stamp are becoming rare, and that in their
places are fast coming up those who care more for pecu-
niary gain and self-aggrandizement, than for the true
interests of the State.
VICTOR M. RICE,
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Mr. Rice is a man considerably above the average
size, of nervous, sanguine temperament, and is in the
forty-ninth year of his age, having been born April 5th,
1818. He is a native of Mayville, Chautauqua county,
and a son of the Hon. William Rice, who is mentioned,
in the "Historical Gazetteer," among the early settlers
of that county, and who migrated thither from the
county of Washington.
Mr. Rice, like many others whose fortune it has been
to be sons of early settlers, seems not to have been con-
tent with the education obtained during his minority;
and hence we find him in his twenty-fourth year (1841)
emerging from Alleghany College, Pennsylvania, where
be had just graduated, and seeking a position as teacher
of youth.
In 1842, he commenced the study of law, in the office
of William Smith, in Mayville — a course of study which
was not completed until several years later. In 1843,
he removed to Buffalo, and was employed as teacher
of the Latin language, penmanship and book-keeping,
in a flourishing private school, of which John Drew
was principal and proprietor. In 1844, he and Mr.
Drew established a school of a higher grade, consisting
of various departments, which was denominated the
"Buffiilo High School," and which was liberally patron-
ized by the wealthy inhabitants of that city. In 1846,
he was induced to lay aside the ferule, and mount the
tripod as editor of the " Cataract," afterward the " West-
ern Temperance Standard." In 1848, he was employed in
the schools of Buffalo, and in 1852, was elected City
66 LIFE SKETCHES.
Superintendent of Schools. Under his supervision, and
as a result of his exertions, the schools of Buffalo took a
position among the first in the State — a position well
maintained for a number of years. In 1853, he was
elected President of the New York State Teachers'
Association, of which he had for several years been
aii active working member. The Legislature passed, in
1854, an act creating the "Department of Public Instruc-
tion," and Mr. Rice was elected the first Superintendent,
for three years, from the first Tuesday of April in that
year. The schools throughout the State were, at this
time, under the inspection of Town Superintendents.
The State Superintendent soon saw, not only the ineffi-
ciency of the supervision, but his own utter inability
to bring into regular, harmonious action, the nine hun-
dred and twenty-six subordinate officers elected by the
towns, and make himself felt through them, as an educa-
tional power upon the schools. One year's experience
was enough. He saw that, if he would accomplish any-
thing satisfactory to himself, or of advantage to the
educational interests of the State, some other agency
must be employed; and he earnestly set to work to
secure the passage of the law creating the office of
School Commissioner. This was effected in 1856. The
change, for a time, at least, threw much labor upon
the department, but it gave the department an efficiency
which it never had before, and which continues to
increase as time progresses. During this first term as
Superintendent, personally, and with the aid of an able
assistant, E. Peshine Smith, he collected and collated
the various fragmentary statutes in regard to Public
Instruction, both special and general, which had been
long accumulating on the statute books, and, by legis-
lative authority, published them with explanatory notes,
forms and directions, under the title, " Code of Public
VICTOR M. RICE. 57'
Instruction." In this book, many of .the incongruities
of the school laws were first made manifest to the
public, and it was, by far, the best exposition of the Pub-
lic School System of the State, ever published. Another
valuable public service of this first term, is worthy of
mention. The public school moneys for the towns, were
placed in the hands of the Town Superintendents, without
proper, efficient checks against their misapplication, or
their embezzlement, and thousands of dollars were annu-
ally lost through incompetent or dishonest Town Super-
intendents. The same officer made the apportionment
to the schools and disbursed the money. This evil was
remedied by the act of 1856, imposing upon the School
Commissioners the duty of making the apportionment
to the schools, giving the disbursement of the moneys to
the Supervisors, and throwing around the transaction,
such guards and checks as make embezzlement impossible
without immediate detection.
Mr. Rice was a member of the Legislature from Erie
county, in 1861 ; was Chairman of the Committee on
" Colleges, Academies and Common Schools," and took
an influential part in all the important business of the
session. In February, 1862, he was a second time elected
by the Legislature, Superintendent of Public Instruction,
and was again reelected, in April, 1865. During his
present double term of office as Superintendent, he has
accomplished much of permanent, public good. He
has secured the revision, amendment and improvement
of the general school laws, and has largely increased the
number and efficiency of Teachers' Institutes. He has
secured the establishment of five Normal Schools, for
training teachers; and if, as we hope he may, he shall
induce the Legislature of 1867 to abolish the rate bill,
and make all the schools of the State free, he will fix his
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place in history, side by side with those accounted public
benefactors, and may proudly say with Horace :
" Exegi monumentum sere perennius,
* * Non omnis moriar."
As a public officer, Mr. Rice is extremely cautious ; is
what is known as a " strict constructionist " of law, and
very rarely, if ever, assumes the exercise of doubtful
powers.
GEORGE W. SCHUYLER,
SUPERINTENDENT OF THE BANK DEPARTMENT.
George W. Schuyler was born in Stillwater, Saratoga
county, February 2d, 1810, and is the youngest of twelve
brothers. The family removed to Ithaca, Tompkins county,
the following year, where the subject of this sketch still
resides. Until sixteen years of age, he worked upon the
farm, attending district school, summer and winter. At that
age, he entered a drug store, for the purpose of learning
that business. At twenty-three years of age, he prepared
for College, and entered the Freshman Class, of the Uni-
versity in the city of New York, in the fall of 1834, gradu-
ating with honor in 1 8 3 7. In 1 8 3 8, he resumed the business
which he had learned, and in which he is still engaged,
and was so far successful as to acquire independence.
Always being of Anti-Slavery convictions, his first entry
upon the political arena was in 1848, canvassing Tomp-
kins county in earnest and effective advocacy of the " Buf-
falo Platform." He was elected village trustee, the two
following years, and in that capacity, exhibited his usual
good sense in guarding the interests of his fellow-towns-
men. He adhered to the Barn-Burner, or Free-Soil
section of the Democratic party ; refusing to be dandled
in the lap of Hunkerism, in 1852, he supported Hale
for President in that campaign. Mr. Schuyler was
one of five who organized the Kepublican party in
Ithaca in 1855, and zealously canvassed the county for
Fremont in 1856. He was a delegate to the Chicago
Republican Convention, in 1860, and voted for Seward.
He was also a delegate to the Republican Convention in
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Baltimore, in 1864, and exerted his influence, thougli with-
out success, for the renomination of Vice-President Ham-
lin ; and he is proud of his effort, to this day.
Upon the first call for 75,000 volunteers, in 1861, he was
one of two men who addressed a meeting of the citizens of
his village, in favor of the movement ; and, the following
day, assisted in raising a subscription of $10,000 for the
families of volunteers, being made financial officer for the
Board, for the distribution of the funds collected — a posi-
tion of much labor and annoyance, the duties of
which he discharged gratuitously. During the war, Mr.
Schuyler was a firm supporter of the Government, and
rendered valuable assistance, both by generous personal
contributions, and by his zeal and efficiency in stimulating
the latent patriotism of his fellow-citizens, and in securing
volunteers for the service.
Without effort or solicitation on his own part, he was
nominated for the office of State Treasurer, by the Repub-
lican Convention of 1863, and was elected. He was
warmly urged for renomination, in the Convention of 1865,
but the popular current in favor of veterans, was too
strong to be resisted, and he succumbed with his associates
in office. No one accepted the verdict more cheer-
fully, or worked more heartily or zealously for the
success of the ticket put in nomination, than did Mr.
Schuyler.
His great personal popularity, his tried integrity, and
his steadfast and unselfish devotion to his party, pointed
him out at once as the proper man to fill the vacancy in
the office of Superintendent of the Banking Department ;
and his claims were earnestly pressed upon the attention of
the Governor, who, recognizing the eminent fitness of Mr.
Schuyler, sent his name to the Senate, at its first execu-
tive session, in 1866, and his appointment was confirmed
without the usual formality of reference.
GEORGE W. SCHUYLER. 61
Mr. Schuyler is a descendant of one of the oldest Dutch
families, whose members were prominently identified with
the history of the Colony, four of his uncles having been
officers in the Revolution. His political career has been
open, consistent and straight-forward. In person, he is
stout, fine looking, and of about medium height ; and his
face is expressive of amiability. His manners are frank,
cordial and courteous ; he is generous and kind-hearted, a
warm and sincere friend, and a considerate, though firm
and candid opponent. As a public officer, he has proved
himself capable, honest and popular to a remarkable degree ;
and no suspicion of corruption ever attached to him in his
connection with public affairs.
WILLIAM BAENES,
SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INSURANCE DEPARTMENT.
Mr. Barnes was born the 26th of May, 1824, in the
town of Pompey, Onondaga county, New York. His
father was the late Orson Barnes, a worthy and
respected citizen of Onondaga county. His grandfather
was a native of Massachusetts, whence he came to this
State about the year 1800. His mother was Miss Eliza
Phelps, of Springfield, Massachusetts, and was the
daughter of Horace Phelps, I^sq., of that city.
Mr. Barnes received only a common school and acade-
mic education ; his Alma Mater was the Manlius Academy
and the ordinary select schools of his county. His father
was a merchant and farmer, whose sons were all taught to
practically understand the severe labor of a farmer's life,
in a newly settled section of country. At the early age
of fifteen, the subject of this article was sent out from the
homestead, to teach school. The next year he began
the study of law, in the office of Minard & Stansbuey,
at Baldwinsville, New York, teaching school, however,
during the winter season, for the purpose of bearing his
own expenses. His father's farm was three miles from the
village, and William walked that distance, morning and
evening, for several years.
It was during the leisure of these lonely, but pleasant
and invigorating walks, that he conned over the plans of
his future life. He was always encouraged and incited by
the wise counsels of his father, who was a man of great
ambition and superior intelligence. Mr. Barnes, after
studying awhile at Baldwinsville, was in the offices of
Messrs. Hillis & Pratt, and General James R. Law-
rence, of Syracuse, His father being anxious that before
WILLIAM BAENES. 63
his admission to the bar, his son should have the advant-
ages of witnessing a more extended practice than the
courts of Onondaga county afforded, recommended him
to pass the last year of his legal studies in some larger
city. Such was the zeal which filled the mind of Mr,
Barnes, when he was in Baldwinsville, he would some-
times walk a distance of twelve miles that he might hear
and see the actual practice in the courts at Syracuse. At
length, pursuant to his father's advice, having procured
letters of introduction from Judge Stansbury, General
Lawrrn-ce, Judge Pratt and others, with the wages
which he had earned during the preceding winter by
teaching, in his pocket, he started for Albany, in May, 1845.
After visiting nearly all of the principal lawyers' offices in
Albany, he finally arranged with the firm of Hamiviond &
Weed, for a clerkship in their office, receiving his board
as compensation for his services. He immediately took
the main office-charge of an extensive and increasing legal
practice ; and was admitted to the Bar, the next year, at
the General Term of the Supreme Court, held at Utica.
The late Nicholas Hill was one of the Board of Exam-
iners ; he gave Mr. Barnes many words of encourage-
ment, and predicted for him a brilliant career. After
admission, the young lawyer, with his parchment in his
pocket, paid a short visit to the homestead, and then
started out into the world again. Finally, after consider-
able examination and negotiation in reference to other
localities, he visited Albany for the purpose of starting in
business, having, however, only a borrowed capital of
seven dollars. On his arrival in Albany, he sat down in
his room, and sadly calculated for how long a time seven
dollars would pay his board-bill and other expenses. In
a few days, however, his prospects were brightened by an
arrangement for a partnership with his old friend and
patron, Samuel H. Hammond, Esq. ; and thus the law firm
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of Hammoi?"d, King & Barnes was established — a firm
which had an influential practice, until the period of its
dissolution, in 1851, at which time, Mr. Barnes individ-
ually opened an office and continued in practice until 1860,
when he was appointed to his present position as Superin-
tendent of the Insurance Department. Previous to 1855,
Mr. Barnes, as the Special Agent and Counsel of the Bank
Department, had examined the Lewis County, and the
Reciprocity Banks, which were in an insolvent condition.
His success in making those examinations attracted the
attention of the Comptroller, Hon. James M. Cook, who,
in the summer of 1855, designated him as a Commissioner
to make special examinations of the Webster, Henry Clay,
National Exchange, Tontine, and other Insurance Com-
panies in this State. All the companies examined — seven
in number — were reported by him as fraudulent, and were
afterward dissolved by the Supreme Court. The glaring
frauds of those organizations, thus exposed to the gaze of
the public, by the lucid reports of Mr. Barnes, startled the
Insurance Companies as well as the business community,
and many minds were busy in devising schemes for the
prevention of such dangerous impositions. The successor
of Mr. Cook, Comptroller Burrows, tried in vain to
remedy the evil. In 1859, an act was passed by the Legis-
lature, establishing an Insurance Department, and trans-
ferring to it all books, documents and securities relating to
insurance, which were in the Comptroller's office, and all
of the control and regulation of Insurance Companies.
The special examinations of Mr. Barnes in 1855, doubt-
less led to the establishment of the Insurance Department ;
therefore, the Companies and the public, with almost
entire unanimity, desired that he should have the manage-
ment of it. Governor Morgan acceded to their wishes;
and on the 11th day of January, 1860, sent his nomination
to the Senate, which was immediately and unanimously
WILLIAM BAENES. 65
confirmed without the usual reference. In April 1865,
Mr. Barnes was reappointed as Superintendent by Gov-
ernor Fenton. He has continued to discharge the duties
of that office in the most conscientious manner, until the
present time. The thorough and elaborate reports of the
New York Insurance Department, are recognized in other
States of the union, as the most authoritative expositions
of the standing of American companies, and have often
been commended by leading insurance journals in Eng-
land, Germany, Prussia and other European countries, as
the best publications of this kind in any country.
In politics, Mr. Barnes was educated as a Democrat, but
he exhibited, early in life, decided radical and progressive
tendencies. In 1844, although not a voter, he became a
member of the Liberty party, and made speeches in favor
of the election of James G. Birney to the Presidency.
Pie was very active in his efforts to assist in the organizing
of that party in the counties of Onondaga and Madison.
Mr. Barnes remained with that organization, until 1848,
when he supported Mr. Van Buren for the Presidency,
and made a number of speeches in favor of "Free Soil,
Free Speech and Free Men." . He was also an enthusiastic
supporter of the " Corner Stone" principles advocated by
the "Albany Atlas." In 1856, Mr. Barnes became an ener-
getic member of the Republican party, having been one
of the originators of the Saratoga and Auburn Conven-
tions, and a leading man in forming the Republican organ-
ization of Albany county, in the fall of 1855. He has
always, emphatically, opposed the " Philadelphia Conven-
tion " and the policy of President Johnson, believing that
the old landmarks of freedom, for which he has battled,
should be maintained in the hour of victory as well as
defeat. Mr. Barnes was Secretary of the New York Statp
Kansas Committee, the labors of which were very efficient
and thorough ; and he greatly assisted in giving to the
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State of Kansas, the Free Soil Constitution which, finally,
was secured at the bayonet's point. He was an early
adherent of the temperance reform, and enlisted as a
speaker in the Washingtonian movement. He was also an
initiator of various educational reforms ; and, in connec-
tion with his father, the County Superintendent of Com-
mon Schools, took charge of one of the first Teachers'
Institutes ever held in this State.
In 1849, Mr. Barnes married Miss Emily P. Weed, the
youngest daughter of Thuiilow Weed, Esq. Mrs. Barnes
is a lady of extraordinary intelligence and quick percep-
tions, and by her rare powers has wielded no inconsider-
able influence in the benevolent and patriotic movements
at the Capital.
SENATORS.
GEORGE H. ANDREWS
The Senator from the Twentieth District is now a resi-
dent of Springfield, Otsego county. He was born in the
city of New York (where the greater portion of his life
was spent), on the 3d of September, 1821. His father was
an educational professor, and he enjoyed, therefore, during
his boyhood years, unusual advantages of paternal educa-
tion. Before he was twelve years old he had read through
the ^neid, and at a period when most lads have but begun
fitting for school, he was familiar with most of the stand-
ard works in classical literature, and with many branches
of study which are the terror of Freshmen in College. In
1836, Avhen fifteen years of age, he entered the office.of
the " Courier and Enquirer," then the leading newspaper
of the Metropolis, as a clerk. Exhibiting peculiar adapt-
ation for the profession, he was in a few weeks made
Reporter. His position was a somewhat changeful but
alw^ays an honorable one, so long as he remained connected
with this establishment. He vibrated between the desk
of accountant and the office of Reporter, until 1848, when
his long and able services were properly recognized and
rewarded by making him Publisher and Associate Editor
of the paper; a position in which he secured a State and
National reputation, and exercised a very considerable
control over political movements, acting in concert with
68 LIFE SKETCHES.
some of the best minds of the old Whig party, to which
he belonged, giving an effective support to its measures
and originating many movements which were of import-
ance to its welfare and success. In 1854, he was the
Whig candidate for Congress, in the Fifth District, and in
1856, was the Republican candidate for the same office.
In 1858, Mr. Andrews, feeling somewhat the effects
upon a naturally strong constitution of more than twenty
years of office work, removed his residence to Springfield,
Otsego county, a location selected by him solely on
account of the purity of its atmosphere and the beauty of
its surroundings. In 1863, he was elected State Senator,
and served his constituents so well that he was again
chosen after a unanimous renomination and by a very
flattering vote. His tenure of office depends solely upon
his own willingness to occupy the position, or upon the
probabilities of his removal to some station in which his
great abilities would have a wider scope for exercise.
As a member of the Senate, Mr. Andrews has a very
high rank, and is universally conceded to be among the
ablest members of a body that embraces some of the best
intellects of the State. In 1865, he was selected by the
Governor as one of the Commissioners to obtain a reduc-
tion of the quota assigned to this State in the call of the
General Government — a very delicate and responsible
duty. He proved himself fully equal to the trust reposed
in, him. It was by him the plan was devised which
received the indorsement of President Lincoln, and har-
monized all the differences that had arisen between the
State and Federal authorities. As Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Municipal Affairs, he has taken a conspicuous
part in the legislation relating to New York city, seeking
always on the one hand, to secure such thorough action as
shall guarantee the best interests of the law-abiding public,
and on the other hand, to guard the municipal franchises
GEOEGE H. ANDEEWS. 69
from invasion and from the dangers of Centralized power.
This principle in his policy was happily illustrated by his
course upon the bill creating a Metropolitan Health Com-
mission, and the Metropolitan Fire Department Law
owes to his well-judged advocacy, and to his prudent sug-
gestions, much of the power which secured its adoption
by the Legislature, and enabled it to pass the ordeal of a
test as to its constitutionality in the Court of Appeals.
During the late recess, he has acted as Chairman of the
Special Commission to examine the different plans for
street railroads in the city of New York, a labor for which
his strong common sense and quick perceptions have
especially qualified him.
In the Senate, Mr. Andeews is peculiarly prominent as
a ready and versatile debater. He is remarkable for the
readiness with which he discovers the strong points of his
own, and the weak points of an adversary's situation, and
for his keen, incisive and always telling manner of
presenting an argument. His rhetoric is faultless; his
imagination alert and felicitous ; his command of wit
appears unusually great, and his humor irresistible. In
addition to this, a wide and varied course of reading, and
much association with leading men, during a period of
more than a quarter of a century, have placed him in
possession of a fund of historic and biographic illustra-
tion and comparison, which seems almost inexhaustible,
and which he has always at command. In readiness of
repartee, he has few equals. A luckless opponent who
leaves a gap in his logic, has no sooner taken his seat than
the Senator from the Twentieth is upon him, dissecting
his blunders with pitiless logic, and riddling him with
sarcasms keen as Damascene blades ; at the same time, he
is never unkind, never discourteous, never personally
bitter. Naturally warm-hearted and generous, his asso-
ciations and habits have all served to culture the inbred
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instincts of a gentleman ; and even the victim who wiithes
under the scalpel, is compelled to acknowledged the
admirable grace and skill wdth which it is employed. Mr.
Andrews is seldom ambitious in his rhetoric ; but some
of his extemporaneous speeches have been marked by-
passages of eloquence which for beauty and pathos w^ould
do honor to any deliberative body.
Senator Andrews is not a graduate of any college.
Those who are aware of this fact, have remarked with
surprise, his intimate and critical knowledge of the
classics, and the scholarly ease and grace which always
distinguish his public addresses. An explanation is to be
found for this in the profession of his father, and the
advantages of early education he thus enjoyed, and by
which a naturally quick and capable mind was early
developed. In addition to this, Mr. AndreW'S enjoyed
for many years the intimate acquaintance and constant
society of such men as J. Watson Webb, Charles King,
C. F. Daniels, John O. Sargent, Henry J. Raymond,
James R. Spalding and others of their class ; with him
no Board of University Professors can present a com-
parison in general attainments. Thus advantaged, and
with the opportunities of that "People's College," the
newspaper office, he has secured an education, both theo-
retical and practical, which gives him a place among the
best scholars of the State.
JAMES BARNETT
Me. Baenett was born in Orange county, Vermont,
May 18th, 1810. His ancestors were among the one hun-
dred families, mostly Presbyterian, that emigrated from
the North of Ireland, in 1719, and settled the town of
Londonderry, New Hampshire — an industrious and thrifty
people. His father, after his marriage in 1799, removed to
the mountain State of Vermont, and from thence, in 1817,
migrated to Madison county. New York. Having a large
family to support, his struggles, like those of all pioneers
of that time, in a new country which was almost a wilder-
ness, were severe and trying ; and though he was enabled
to rear his children to be the possessors of rugged consti-
tutions, and to instill into their minds high notions of
uprightness of character, he could afford them but few
opportunities for an education. His son, James Baenett,
attended the common schools of that day, during the
winter months, laboring on the farm with his father in
the summer, until eighteen years of age, when he engaged
in teaching school in the winter, continuing his labors
upon the farm, during the summer. In 1832, he accepted
a clerkship in the mercantile business; and, in 1836,
engaged in that business upon his own account, in Fay-
etteville, Onondaga county. He removed to Peterboro',
in 1838, and has continued the same business until the
present time.
From his early political education and training, he was
led to espouse the principles of the Democratic party,
giving his first vote, in 1831, for Enos T. Theoop for
Governor ; his first vote for President being for Andeew
Jackson, in 1832. On the formation of the Liberty party
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he became a convert to its principles, and was an active
and leading member until the organization of the Repub-
lican party, at which time he joined its fortunes, and has
ever since been an earnest advocate of its principles and
measures.
He was several times chosen Supervisor of his town by
the Liberty party, which, by the influence of Hon. Geerit
Smith (a resident of the same town), Hon. Mr. Barnett,
and a few other zealous advocates, had acquired quite an
ascendancy in that immediate section.
Mr. Barnett was elected to the Legislature in 1859,
from the Second District of Madison county, by the
Republican organization; and in 1860, was chosen Jus-
tice of the Peace, by the electors of his town.
In 1865, he was elected by the Republican Union party
to the Senate of the State of New York from the Twenty-
third Senatorial District, comprising the counties of
Madison, Chenango and Cortland. The first session
of his present term as Senator, he served as Chairman of
the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Charitable and
Religious Societies, also as a member of the Committee on
Retrenchment. During the late war for the suppression
of the rebellion, he gave largely of his time and means,
actively and effectively encouraging enlistments; and,
with a heart warmly enlisted in the cause, did much to
sustain the Government. Under his encouraging influ-
ence his two sons became volunteers in the Union army ;
the eldest, bravely representing the stock from which he
sprang, going forth at the first call, to meet a hero's death
at Antietam.
Mr. Barnett is a man of strong convictions. His
religious sentiments are, and from his earliest years have
been, of the Puritan orthodox type of his New England
ancestors, adopting the radical congregational views of
church polity. He is a devoted friend of Sabbath
DAYID 8. BEIJNETT. • 13
Schools, and has labored in the cause as Sabbath School
Superintendent, for more than thirty years.
He is a valuable public servant. Utterly incapable of
duplicity, carefully scrutinizing all measures which come
before him for decision, bringing to his aid, in solving
their merits, a clear head, sound judgment and rigid
uprightness, he discharges his duties with a fidelity and
wisdom which cause him to be highly respected.
DAVID S. BENNETT
Senator Bennett is a gentleman brimful of good humor
and aflTability. In person, he is a little under medium
height, closely built, and has a face expressive of keen
business tact, enjoyment of social relations, and benevolent
purposes.
He was born, in 1814, at Camillus, Onondaga county, New
York. His parents were from Connecticut. His father, who
was a farmer, bred his son to agricultural pursuits, during
his minority. Mr. Bennett had the customary benefits of
the common school, in early youth ; and later, he spent a
couple of years at the Onondaga Hollow Academy, of which
Prof. Samuel B. Woolworth, one of the most erudite
educators in the State, was the Principal. While at that
institution, he managed to mingle plenty of schoolboy fun
with study, though never doing an act in a malicious spirit.
At one time, he thought of going through college ; and, in
fact, made some progress in fitting for the Freshman year ;
but his tastes were manifestly for business, and the idea of
a collegiate course was abandoned. After leaving school,
he pursued firming, until 1842, when he left Camillus, and
removed to Syracuse, New York, where he conducted the
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produce commission business, for a term of years. In 1849,
Mr. Bennett closed up his affairs in Syracuse, and went
into the same business in Buffalo, under the firm of D. S.
Bennett & Co., which was really a branch house of a firm
in New York city, in which he was largely interested, under
the name of Bennett, Hall & Co., subsequently charged
to Bennett & Beokaw. A year afterward, the latter firm
established an independent Banking House, the name of
which was the Queen City Bank, with a capital of |5o,000,
and the object of which was to use the capital for the pur-
pose of making advances on the produce to be forwarded
to the firm in ISTew York city. At the end of a couple of
years, however, the project not meeting their expectations,
the affairs of the Bank were honorably brought to a close.
At about that time, Mr. Bennett, still continuing in his
old business, purchased of Joseph Dart, the first grain
elevator built in this country ; it was known as the " Dart
Elevator," and eligibly situated for the lake trade. In
1860, it was consumed by fire. Undaunted by the loss,
Mr. Bennett immediately built, on the same site, an
immense elevator 150 feet long by 100 feet wide, with a
storage capacity of 600,000 bushels. The rapidity with
which this undertaking was accomplished, is worthy of
]nention, when taken in connection with the fact that, only
the year before, he had, in company with George W. Tift,
Esq., a prominent business man of Buffalo, erected a large
elevator at the terminus of the New York and Erie Railroad.
The sagacity which Mr. Bennett manifested in these
enterprises, places him in the first order of commercial men.
In 1865, he invested some of his capital in a couj)le of
barques, purchasing a half interest with George W. Allen,
Esq. So satisfactory did this investment prove to be, he
built, last year, in connection with Mr. Allen, and Truman
G. Avery, two large barques, each of about 1,000 tons
burden, at a cost of $95,000. He is now building a barque
DAVID S. BENNETT. 15
of 1,200 tons burden, with a carrying -capacity of 50,000
bushels of corn, which will excel all vessels of the kind, on
the lakes.
As a business man, Mr. Bennett is bold and forcible.
Obstacles are of secondary importance to him. Let him
but catch a glimpse of a chance of success, and he uses
his whole strength to consummate his purposes. But this
inherent energy of character never betrays him into the
commission of an unmanly act; for whenever he cannot
see his way clear, without a resort to unfair means, he
pursues the matter no further. He has always adhered to
the theory that large successes are accomplished by taking
corresponding risks, and has usually made it a point to
carry out most of his stupendous enterprises where there
would be the least competition, and where, to a" casual
observer, there seemed but slight inducements for running
great hazards. In his early manhood, he married Miss
Harriett A. Benham, daughter of Truman Benham,
Esq., of Bridgewater, Oneida county, New York. This
lady, with her excellent domestic qualities, has presided
over his home like a true American woman; and with
her strong, practical sense, has given bent to the successful
plans of his life.
Mr. Bennett has been a business man, rather than a
politician. He belonged to the Democratic party, in its
palmy days ; but, with the memorable change in political
organizations, he espoused the cause of the Republican
party, at its formation. In 1865, he was nominated to the
State Sena'te by the Thirty-first District, which seemed to be
almost impregnably Democratic. The canvass was very
heated ; both parties fought with furious vigor, and, not-
withstanding the opposition from the Democrats headed by
the late Dean Richmond, Mr. Bennett was elected by a
majority of 743. In the session of 1 866, he carried through
the Niagara Frontier Police Bill, which was persistently
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opposed by the Democrats, but which, in its efficient work-
ings, has now the commendations of both parties. He is
Chairman of the Committee on the Manufacture of Salt,
and is a member of the Committees on Canals and Indian
Affairs. Mr. Bennett seldom enters into debate. He lays
no claim to the embellishments of oratory. Whatever he
has to say, he expresses in a " round, unvarnished" way,
and that is the end of it, so far as talk is concerned. He
is vigilant over, general and local interests, and faithful
in his leQ:islative work.
SAMUEL CAMPBELL,
The village of New York Mills lies in the lovely valley
of the Mohawk and Sauquoit. There are three factories,
the "Oneida," the famed "New York Mills," and the
" Burr Stone." For a mile and a half skirting each side of
the fine hard road, are the school houses and churches
of the village, the grounds and residences of the factory-
owners, and the homes of the operatives. In summer,
New York Mills is very attractive ; it is one of the sights^
in Oneida county, which strangers go to see. The houses
of the workingmen are neat, convenient and healthy,
most of them standing back from the road, with yard in
front, garden in rear, and half hidden by foliage. Sobriety
and good order at all times prevail.
It is hard to reajize that this factory people, with their
comfort, temperance and intelligence, their books, Sunday
observances, and winter lectures, their freedom from the
" clemming " of crowded Europe, are working at the same
business, and, were originally, very many of them, of the
same nationality as the men and the women made familiar
SAMUEL CAMPBELL. 77
to US by Parliamentary reports and debates, by poets and
novelists — the men and the women of Ehot, Mrs. Gas-
KELL, Charlotte Bronte, John Bright and Charles
KiNGSLEY. The good standing of 'New York Mills is due
to the character of the employes, which has always been
high, and to the regulations and example of the employers.
The memory of Benjamin Walcott is honored in many
places, but nowhere more honored than among the work-
ing people, for whose interests and happiness he was
zealous and responsible. The ovation given him some
years ago, on his return from the Old World, was a
striking evidence of the love that was borne him ; the
whole population turning out to give him joyous welcome.
His ideas have, in the main, been carried out by his suc-
cessors, his son and Samuel Campbell, the stranger,
whom, thirty-five years ago, the elder Walcott welcomed
within his gates.
Samuel Campbell was born at Tarbolton, Ayrshire,
Scotland, in 1809. In his boyhood he l^ad the advantages
of those schools for which his native land has been
renowned through Europe, since John Knox returned
from the feet of Calvin, and Scotland broke forever with
Home. He came to America in 1831, and pitched his tent
in New York Mills. He began his new life, as a working-
man, in the employ of Marshall & Walcott. He had
an iron frame, great working power, mechanical skill,
ready adaptation of means to ends, quick perception of
defects and remedies, and he rose steadily and rapidly.
He made many valuable improvements in machinery. In
1847, he became a partner in the company. From that
time, his business career has been upward and onward.
The hands and brain of Mr. Campbell have been cease-
lessly at work, and with large results in many directions.
And now, in his advancing years, he has the joy to know
that his ample fortune has been won by honest labor of
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head and hand, without a stain on his character or reputa
tion, and with a full discharge of his duties to employes,
to community, to family and to country.
Mr. Campbell has given much attention to agriculture.
A fine farm is attached to his residence, and he has
imported and raised some of the best stock — Ayrshires,
Durhams and Alderneys. His herd of Ayrshires is the
best in the country. His stock has often won for him
the first prizes at State and county fairs.
Mr. Campbell married, in 1833, the lady whose virtues
and whose pleasant ways cheered him during his long
years of toil, and who still presides over his household. A
large family of sons and daughters have grown up around
him; his eldest son is Consul at Bayonne, France. The
residence of the Senator is on an eminence far back from
the road, in the center of fine and variegated grounds, and
overlooking a wide and lovely landscape. The rooms are
high and large, the hall and staircase of unusual breadth
and sweep, and all around are memorials of his mother-
land.
Mr. Campbell was a Whig, afterward a Republican,
and always a devoted son of his adopted country. As
Supervisor of Whitestown and member of the War Com-
mittee of Oneida county, he worked with all his might
during the war and for the war. His liberality went
forth in every conceivable direction. We had intended
to give his benefactions, so far as known to us, but the list
is too long; we have no room for it; and a statement
of what we know would do but partial justice to an open-
handed patriotism most rare and honorable. The Union
party showed their sense of his nobleness in this regard
by appointing him a Delegate to the Convention, at Balti-
more, which nominated Mr. Lincoln for his second terra,
and by the heavy majority which sent him to the Senate.
The manner of his nomination was very complimentary.
SAMUEL CAMPBELL. 19
Dr. L. W. Rogers, of Utica, a man who knew him well,
prefaced the presentation of his name to the Convention
by the following address :
"Mr. President — I rise to name a candidate for Senator, who
is well known to the members of this Convention — so favorably
known that he needs no word of eulogy from me. He is a man of
large experience in business, and well acquainted with the wants
and condition of the district; a Democrat in the true sense of the
term, who sympathizes with the common people, and aims to
improve and elevate them ; a patriot, who stood by the country in
her day of trouble, laboring without ceasing, and contributing
without stint to furnish troops for the Union army, and to support
our brave soldiers in the field ; a man whose character for personal
and political integrity is without reproach and above suspicion ; a
large-hearted, liberal gentleman, whom none know but to love,
none name but to praise — Samuel Campbell, of Whitestown."
The strong sense of Mr. Campbell soon mastered the
details of a Senator's duty; and, in his quiet, unobtru-
sive, but effective way, he has accomplished all that he or
his constituents desired. The attention is naturally drawn
to him as he sits in the Senate, and the eye of the stranger
lingers on the fine head, flowing beard, white hair and
bright, cheery face, surmounting the broad shoulders and
stalwart frame of Samuel Campbell.
GEORGE CHAMBERS.
Senator Chambers was born, October 31st, 1815, in
Marbletown, Ulster county, New York. His ancestors were
of the Dutch families that were among some of the first
settlers of the county ; and his father, Jacob Chambers, was
a Surveyor of considerable eminence in his profession, and
was much engaged in surveying and dividing up the lands
of the State, in allotments, towns and sub-divisions. He
also represented his district in the Legislature, in the
year 1836.
Mr. Chambers represents the Tenth Senatorial District,
and is a member of the Committees on Public Health,
Medical Societies, Literature, and Charitable and Religious
Societies. He is a physician of extensive practice, in his
county, of the Allopathic School, having graduated about
the year 1838, which profession he has continually followed,
up to the present time. Commencing his professional
duties, immediately after graduating, in the town of Never-
sink, Sullivan county, he found a large field for usefulness,
as well as a rugged and wild country, which would have
been an unsurmountable barrier to any one practicing medi-
cine, possessed of less physical endurance and energy than
the Doctor ; but, by perseverance, which is one of the most
prominent traits of his character, he has succeeded in over-
coming the usual difficulties which interpose in the success
of young men commencing business. After three years'
residence in Sullivan county, he returned to the place of
his nativity, a few years before the death of his father, and
has since been engaged, until the present time, in the
double capacity of physician and farmer. He represented
the town of Marbletown, from 1861 to 1866, in the Board
• GEORGE CHAMBEES. 81
of Supervisors, of which he was Chairman, during the last
three years.
Notwithstanding the close application with which he
confined himself to his professional business, he was not
insensible to the political events of the day ; and he has
generally been counted as one of those who, from their
actions, and the interest manifested in political affairs, are
numbered among live politicians. Although a strict party
man, he never has been an aspirant for official position ;
and whenever he has allowed himself to become a candidate
for office, it has been at a sacrifice of his individual feelings
to the wishes of his political friends. In politics, he was
originally a Henry Clay Whig, and supported successively
the Whig nominees for the Presidency, until the nomination
of John C. Fremont, when he decided not to go into the
Republican ranks; but, on the contrary, supported Mil-
lard Fillmore, the " American" candidate for the Presi-
dency. In 1 860, Mr. Chambers acted with that wing of the
Democracy which was in favor of the election of Stephen
A. Douglas, and, in the subsequent Presidential campaign,
his talents and exertions were cast in the balances, in favor
of Gen. McC lell an. Since then, he has uniformly indorsed
the policy of the Democracy.
Senator Chambers is a gentleman of commanding ap-
pearance, and meets all men with urbanity. Though he
is unfrequently an orignator of measures, he nevertheless
lays down his propositions in a perspicuous manner, and
stands ready to defend them and to discuss their merits,
if necessary ; and yet he is not a frequent debater, prefer-
ring to accomplish his legislative work in a quiet way ;
but he shows no neglect of either general or special inter-
ests.
11
LORENZO D. COLLINS.
This Senator, for the Thirteenth District, was born in
Whitehall, Washington county. New York, on the 13th
of July, 1 821. Both of his grandfathers were in the Army
of the Revolution. His paternal grandfather having been
taken prisoner, was carried to England, and there impris-
oned until the close of the war. His father, a resident of
Whitehall, served for a short time in the war of 1812;
and, being in moderate circumstances, was able to afford
his large family of children no special advantages of edu-
cation, beyond what could be obtained in the District
School, during a short winter respite from industrial pur-
suits. Leaving Whitehall at the age of twenty, the
subject of this article removed to West Troy, Albany
county, and there hired out to work by the month for a
period of two years. At the expiration of that time, he
found that, in addition to the little capital which he had
saved from his earnings, he had made a reputation for
integrity, which enabled him to obtain the requisite credit
for commencing business on his own account ; and accord-
ingly, in 1843, he commenced the canal store and stabling
business in that village; he added to it, in 1850, storage
and forwarding.
His business grew in extent, and yielded a handsome
return in profit, so that, in 1855, he had not only been able
to erect fine buildings for its accommodation, but had also
something to invest in bank stock. The same year, he was
elected a Director of the Union Bank of Troy, a position
which he still holds. In order to facilitate his grain busi-
ness, in which he was heavily interested, he became an
owner of boats to a considerable extent, so that his inter.
LOEENZO D. COLLINS. 83
ests have been constantly and increasingly connected with
the canals of the State.
In 1862, his brother entered into partnership with him.
Being thus partially relieved of the immediate care and
oversight of his business, Mr. Collins, m the same year,
removed to the fine farm upon Avhicli he now resides, about
one mile northwest of the village. His early experience
in farm life, coupled with his naturally good judgment in
any pursuit, has enabled him to prove himself a practical
as well as an amateur farmer.
As a business man, Senator Collins has been abun-
dantly successful. Beginning life as he did, he may take
a justifiable pride in saying, that his note never went to
protest, nor was there ever a time, in his business experi-
ence, when he could not pay every dollar that he owed.
Being a man of deep convictions and positive opinions,
Senator Collins early became known as an' ardent and
leading supporter of the principles enunciated by the old
Whig party ; and when that party ceased to exist, he
engaged with equal zeal in the support of Republican
principles, and soon became known in his village as an
influential party man. Although residing in a strong
Democratic Ward, in 1852, he was elected one of the
Trustees of the village. He discharged his duties so
acceptably, that, in the following year, he was chosen
President of the Board. In 1858, the Republicans of the
Fourth Assembly District of Albany county, fixed upon
him as the man who could probably overcome the strongly
adverse majority in the district. He accepted the nomina-
tion, and was triumphantly elected. In the succeeding
year he was again elected. In the House, he was a mem-
ber of the Canal Committee for two years ; but, upon
receiving a renomination for a third term, his business
interests compelled him to decline. In 1865, he was
elected State Senator, which result, together with the
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election of the balance of the Republican ticket in the
county constituting the Senatorial District, may be attri-
buted, in a great measure, to positive strength in the
nomination. Mr. Colli:n-s, while never seeking show or
prominence before the public, is, in respect to practical
ideas touching the material interests of the State, one of
the able members of the Senate. He possesses that inti-
mate acquaintance with questions of commerce and finance,
which is so essential to practical legislation, and his long
identification and acquaintance with canal interests, give
him deserved prominence and influence in that respect,
and eminently fit him for his position as Chairman of the
Committee on Canals.
Recognizing him as one of the representative business
men of that vicinity. Senator Collin^s was, in 1865,
appointed by the Board of Trade of the city of Troy, as
a delegate to the International Convention held in Detroit,
in that year. Among his neighbors, he is looked upon as
a public spirited citizen, ever ready to bestow labor and
means for the purpose of securing the good of the commu-
nity. During the rebellion, he not only took deep interest
in helping to fill the quotas of men demanded from his
village, but he also interested himself, to a great extent,
in raising a fund for the relief of the families of volunteers.
Among the local improvements for which his fellow-citi-
zens are indebted to him, may be mentioned the fine iron
bridge, at the upper side cut, in West Troy, extending the
whole width of Broadway. The Canal Board determined
upon, and actually put under contract, an ordinary road
bridge for this point, but they were dissuaded from that
design chiefly through his interposition.
Being of a generous and genial nature, Senator Collins
enjoys the successes which have attended his eftbrts in
life ; and he finds a satisfaction in giving a kind word, and
extending a helping hand to the deserving. Still in the
CHAKLES G. CORNELL. 85
prime of life, it is not probable that his public record is
yet complete ; and he may, therefore, be justly regarded
as one of the " coming men " of the State.
CHAKLES G. CORNELL.
This gentleman, representing the Fifth Senatorial Dis-
trict, is a native of the city of New York, at which place
he was born on the 12th of February, 1827. In politics,
he is a Democrat of the Tammany School — his Democ-
racy being inherited, and widely diffused through the
Cornell family. In personal appearance, he is a well-
built man, standing five feet eleven, with a well-balanced
head, firmly set on a stout neck. He has excellent muscu-
lar development, and activity. His face denotes firmness,
if not stubbornness of character, truth and sincerity;
yet he has a mild blue eye, and rather pleasing expres-
sion, black hair inclined to straightness. His disposition
and social qualifications are such as to gather around him
firm and lasting friends. As a business man, he is one of
those who have the foresight to look well ahead, and the
courage to take risks where others would hesitate. He
acquired a competency in his business, before he entered
into the field of politics ; and, with his business habits, had
he wholly ignored the honors of ofiice, would have been
worth a couple of hundred thousand dollars more than he
is at present. In the district which he represents in the
Senate, Mr. Cornell is highly respected and esteemed.
His political course has been open and faithful to his party
and his friends. Even with his political opponents, he
bears the reputation of being a man of honor and truth.
He served several years in the city government, and in one
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of its branches as presiding officer. During the past four
years, he has filled the onerous position of Street Commis-
sioner, holding the place longer, and giving better satis-
faction in the discharge of its important duties, than any
other incumbent. During the last year, the office was
made the scape-goat for all pretended reform interests ;
when harrassed and annoyed, Mr. Coenell withdrew
from the place. In the Senate, he is more of a worker
than a talker, looking well after the interests of his constit-
uents, and protecting them to the best of his ability.
Mr. Cornell served the full period of his time in the 8th
Regiment, New York State Militia, and was among the first
to volunteer his services at the breaking out of the war.
He served with his regiment with great credit, having
command nearly the whole of the time of the Bull Run
fight. He is an unflinching Union man, and an advocate
of law and order. During the Draft riots in the city of
New York, he rendered efficient service to the city authori-
ties, for which he was publicly complimented by Mayor
Opdyke.
In his dealings with every one, he is a courteous, affable
gentleman ; and as a legislator, a practical and useful
member.
EZRA CORNELL.
There is a pleasure in tracing the career of men who
have marched steadily onward, from obscure positions in
boyhood, to those of influence in later life. There is
something grand in the course of a man who has chosen
the undeviating line of rectitude, and always kept it:
neither to the right nor the left — but straightforward.
Such a man is Ezra Cornell, whose life is being crowned
with pecuniary success, political honors, and deeds of
EZRA CORNELL. 87
benevolence. Mr. Cornell was born at Westchester
Landing, Westchester county, New York, on the 11th clay
of January, in the year 1807. His parents were both
natives of New England, and both members of the Society
of Friends. His mother died eight years ago, at about
seventy years of age, and his father died a few years later,
in the ninety-first year of his age.
The early boyhood of Mr. Cornell was spent in aiding
in the pottery which his father conducted successively, at
Tarrytown, New York, English Neighborhood, New
Jersey, and De Ruyter, New York. The educational
advantages which he enjoyed were very limited. He
had no preparatory training for a collegiate course;
he did not pass through the curriculum of a university ;
he had no parchment in Latin, showing that he was
a graduate of college, for his advantages for gaining
an education were confined to the district school, as it
was, forty or fifty years ago. At the age of seventeen,
his scholastic training was completed ; and, for a short
period, he was employed in farming, a pursuit for which
he still exhibits great fondness. But agriculture had not
the scope which such a mind as his required. There are
some natures which cannot be confined to small circles ;
their energies are ever on the alert to find room for expan-
sion, and work which will bring into play their most active
faculties. Mr. Cornell's mind was one of this peculiar
cast : acute, vigorous, and inventive, it looked beyond the
mere formalities of toil, to cause and efiect. He possessed
great mechanical genius. At one time we discover him
exposing the blunders of a head carpenter who was at
work for his father, though, as yet, he had had neither
experience nor instruction in architecture ; and soon after,
a house arises under his unpracticed hand.
In the year 1827, he went to Homer, New York, and
engaged in building wool carding machines. Thence,
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during the succeeding year, he moved to Ithaca, where he
was employed in a machine shop, building and rei^airing
cotton machinery. Such was his zeal and real worth, his
employer, without solicitation, increased his wages, before
the time, for which he was engaged, had half expired.
This may seem a trifling incident, but it is an index of a
strong practical intellect. He next took charge of a flour-
ing mill, at Ithaca, and held the position for ten years, at
what was then considered a large salary. During this
engagement, he evinced a great deal of skill and enter-
prise in making mechanical improvements, and in building
a large mill for his employer, in such a manner as to be
able to run the establishment with but little manual labor,
so nicely adapted was the machinery.
When the term of his engagement expired, which was
in 1840, he entered into agricultural pursuits, on an
extended scale, which he has never since entirely aban-
doned. He spent a couple of years in Maine and Georgia,
interesting himself in agricultural improvements, which
proved successful in themselves, as well as in the other
results which grew out of them. While pursuing this
avocation, his attention was directed to the project of
building the telegraph. His convictions told him that the
plan would be feasible, and he soon entered into an
engagement with Mr. F. O. J. Smith, who had taken the
government contract for laying the telegraph from Balti-
more to Washington, in insulated pipes placed under
ground. Mr. Cornell set his inventive faculties at work
to construct a machine for laying the pipes, by which he
could very considerably lessen the expense of the labor.
In this effort he was successful. But Professor Morse's
mode of insulation was so imperfect, as to cause an aban-
donment of an underground telegraph.
Mr. Cornell, who was appointed Assistant Superin-
tendent of the Telegraph Company, now changed the
EZRA CORNELL. 89
design, and, in the place of underground pipes, substituted
upright poles. This plan was practicable, and the air line
from Baltimore to Washington, was completed by him in
the spring of 1844. But public prejudice was strong
against the practicability of telegraphs. It was altogether
too wonderful an undertaking for old ideas. But, not-
withstanding opposition, the determined vigor of Mr.
Cornell and kindred spirits, carried the enterprise
through all obstacles, to a most satisfactory termination.
At different times, he has been Superintendent in the
erection of various lines, and, generally, with pecuniary
success. His investments in telegraphic stock have been
heavy ; and they have been so enhanced in value, as to
increase his wealth to a princely sum. Thus his far-reach-
ii>g foresight, his unyielding perseverance and his honesty
of intentions, have elevated him from comparative pov-
erty to wealth. Money is very paltry, in the hands of
men who are narrow in their views, and illiberal in their
natures. Mr. Cornell, fortunately, is a gentleman of a
broad and liberal spirit. His benevolence has become
proverbial ; and the people have learned to esteem him as
one of the philanthropists of this State. We can never
forget that, while in London, in 1862, he generously paid,
from his own private means, the expenses of several
soldiers to this country, in order that they might join our
army, then engaged in putting down the rebellion.
On his return from Europe, he commenced the erection
of the " Cornell Library," which has since been completed,
at a cost of $100,000, and which he donated to the village
of Ithaca, as a public library, lecture and reading-rooms,
with an endowment adequate to render it self-sustaining
and perpetual.
And when the plan of an agricultural college at Ovid
failed, Mr. Cornell proposed to the Trustees, that, if they
would organize upon a broader basis, and locate it at
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Ithaca, he would contribute the sum of |5 00,000 toward
the endowment of their institution. This proposition
resulted in the founding of the " Cornell University," now
in the progress of erection at Ithaca, to which Mr. Cornell
has given a valuable farm, the Jewett Cabinet, which
cost $10,000, and cash to the amount of 1500,000. He is
also devoting his personal energies and time, and loaning
his means to this institution, for the purpose of purchasing
from the State the College land scrip, and locating the
lands, a work which promises to add millions of dollars
to the endowment of a college for the liberal education
of the industrial classes. This deed needs no comment,
except the hearty response of the people cooperating with
the donor, in making the plan beneficial to our agricul-
tural and mechanical interests. .»
In the years 1862-3, Mr. Cornell was a member of
the Assembly. He there distinguished himself for his
comprehensive abilities. In 1863, his constituents recog-
nized the fact by electing him to the State Senate ; and
they reiterated their satisfaction by a reelection in 1865.
On the organization of the Republican party, Mr. Cor-
nell, who had previously been a Whig, attached himself
to it ; he has, ever since, been one of its most zealous
adherents.
In appearance, he is firm and self-reliant. There is a
determination around his mouth, and a keenness in his eye
which forbid the approach of corruption ; and at the same
time, the sunshine of benevolence emanating from the
heart within, is reflected from every feature of his face.
RICHARD CROWLEY.
The youngest man in the Senate is Mr. Crowley, who
was elected to the place, which he now holds in that
body, before he was twenty-nine years old. He was born
at Lockport, New York, December 14th, 1836. His
father and mother came to this country, from Ireland;
they settled on a small farm, when Mr. Crowley was ten
years of age. His life, until he became twenty-one, was
like that of most farmers' sons, of small means, made up
mostly of working on the farm, during the summer
months, and attending the common school in the winter
season. As an exception to the above-mentioned educa-
tional advantages, he attended the Union school at Lock-
port, two terms. During the years that he spent on his
father's farm he had access to a tolerably good school
district library; and also studied Latin, and pursued a
course of reading under the teachings of a friend. He
had a great taste for history and biography, which he
fully gratified. When he was twenty-one he left home
and commenced his fight with the world. He worked
bis way to the West, as far as Kalamazoo, Michigan, and
*' hired out " to teach a country school, in an adjoining
town. While thus employed, having purchased a copy of
Blackstone's Commentaries, he devoted his spare hours
to the study of them. When his school term expired, he
traveled through several of the Western States, and then
returned to Lockport. In the spring of 1857, he entered
the law office of Gardner & Lamont, practitioners in
Lockport, devoting a portion of his time, however, to
general reading and the study of Latin, rhetoric and
mental and moral philosophy. The succeeding winter he
again engaged in teaching, in order to replenish his
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exchequer; and, in the spring, resumed his professional
studies in the office of L. F. & G. W. Bowen", where he
remained until 1861, when, having been previously admit-
ted to the Bar in Lockport, he commenced practicing,
after having formed a partnership with E. J. Chase, Esq.,
a brother of Hon. S. P. Chase. He was admitted to
practice in the Supreme Court of the United States in
January, 1865, Chief Justice Chase, presiding. Mr.
Ckowley has had intrusted to him many cases of import-
ance, concerning property and crime; and has proven
himself an able advocate and counselor. In early life he
took a deep interest in political matters growing out of
the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas
and Nebraska agitation. The result of his reasoning was
a determination to attach himself to Republican princi-
ples. He has never before held any public office, except
that of City Counsel for the city of Lockport. When
elected to his present place in the Senate, his vote was
very flattering, especially in the county of Niagara,
wherein he received over four hundred more votes than
any other candidate on either the State or county ticket,
although some of the most popular men in the county
were in nomination.
Mr. Crowley has made achievements that are certainly
remarkable. What he now is, cannot be due to ancestry ;
for like Cicero, when jeered at concerning his name, he
has felt that he must make his own name, if he would
have a place for it in the great hereafter. He is a living
exemplification of the truth : " JPerseverantia omnia
vincity He is the son of a poor man ; by his own per-
sonal efforts he has risen from poverty to be an ornament
to the Niagara Bar ; and the high esteem in which he is
held, may well be envied by young men who have been
surrounded, all their lives, by much more advantageous
circumstances. As a speaker and debater he is far above
CHAELES J. FOLGEE. 93
mediocrity. His language is elegant and forcible, some-
times almost severely chaste, and his voice is distinct in
utterance. He was an earnest advocate of the Health
Bill, and the Excise Law for New York city ; and favored
the amendment of the Registry Law of the State, and the
repeal of the contract system of keeping the Canals of
the State in repair. He has also taken an interest and a
part in all matters of general legislation.
CHARLES J. FOLGER
Chaeles James Folgee, Senator from the Twenty-
sixth District, is a native of Massachusetts, in which State
he was born on the 16th of April, 1818. His ancestors
were sea-faring men; masters of vessels sailing out of
Nantucket, and his early boyhood days were spent in the
wild and free associations of the coast life, which pos-
sesses so much of romance and adventure. When he was
a little more than twelve years of age, he removed with
his parents to Geneva, in this State, where he has resided
since, except when at intervals engaged in the study of
law elsewhere. He entered Geneva College in 1833, and
graduated in 1836, with the honors of his class. In
October of that year, he commenced the study of the law,
in the office of Maek H. Sibley & Alvah Woeden, at
Canandaigua. The influence of such a preceptor as Mr.
Sibley, upon a mind so receptive and active as that of
his young friend, could not fail to be beneficial, and,
undoubtedly, a large share of the great practical success
he has since attained in public life, is to be attributed to
this association. He also read law in the office of Bo wen
Whiting, at Geneva, and with John M. Holley, at
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Lyons. In 1839, he was admitted to practice at the Bar
of the Supreme Court, in General Term, at Albany, and
in May, of the following year, entered upon the pursuit
of his profession at Geneva. His advance was rapid
and honorable. A fine personal presence, a studious
analysis of all the rules and practices of law, a mind
fully stored with classic lore, and with the very best
productions of the jurists of all countries, and a persua-
sive style of eloquence, were the elements of a sure and
honorable promotion. In 1844, he was appointed —
under the old Constitution — Judge of the Ontario Court
of Common Pleas. He held that office for one year,
and discharged its duties with general satisfaction, and
then resigned. He was also Master and Examiner in
Chancery until the Chancery Court was abolished by the
adoption of the Constitution of 1846. In 1851, he was
elected County Judge of Ontario county, and held that
office for four years. In 1861, he was elected to the
Senate, being reelected in 1863, and again in 1865,
Mr. FoLGER has acted with the Republican party from
the period of its organization, and has, always been a
conspicuous and able defender of the principles it was
established to maintain. His influence in his own par-
ticular section of the State has contributed largely to the
great popular predominance of Republican principles.
Upon the Forum, through the Press, and as a Legislator,
his voice has always been earnest for equal rights and
justice to all. Almost uniformly chosen a representative
in the State Conventions of his party, he has contributed
largely to give shape to its general policy. His address
as temporary Chairman of the Syracuse Convention in
1865, will long be remembered by those who heard it, as
a model of eloquence, vigor and terseness.
In the Senate, Mr. Folger is a recognized leader. His
opinions are always treated by that body with marked
CHARLES J. FOLGER. 95
respect, and even when he is compelled to dissent from
his peers in judgment, he receives from them the credit
due to sincere convictions and great ability. As Chair-
man of the Judiciary Committee, much of the most
important business of the Legislature passes through his
hands ; and his extensive legal knowledge, his great skill
in research, his wonderful powers of analysis, and his
untiring industry, have made his services in this capacity
of almost incalculable value. Without derogation of the
claims of other gentlemen upon the Committee, it is safe
to say that all will pronounce this tribute to his personal
usefulness entirely just and deserved.
The estimation in which Mr. Folger is held by his
peers, may be judged from the fact that during the ses-
sion of 1865-6, he was unanimously chosen President pro
tem.^ to serve during the absence of the Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor, Hon. Thomas G. Alvord. This high compliment
was renewed at the opening of the present session ; and
as before, without a dissenting voice.
The chief characteristics of Mr. Folger as a Senator,
are his great industry and his unbending integrity. He
is thoroughly devoted to the duties of his position, and
labors incessantly, both upon the floor and in committees,
to perfect and elaborate legislation. The importance of
this fact is best understood by those who know how great
are his resources of legal lore. Nobody ever suspected
him of favoring a bill or advocating a scheme from the
impulse of selfish or mercenary motives. His mind is
preeminently that of a statesman. He regards all ques-
tions from the broad general stand-point of public expe-
diency and justice, and is able to bring to his use the
lessons of history and the experience of centuries in
determining his own views.
As a speaker, there are few among the many eloquent
men in the State, who possess so much or such varied
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power as Mr. Folger. He is a native orator, whose
innate abilities have been wondrously increased by a
thorough education and severe discipline. He never
addresses the Senate without fixing its attention, and
always utters ideas which are certain to illustrate the
subject in hand. His wealth of imagery is sometimes
surprising, and the readiness with which it is employed
in giving charms to the most commonplace topics, makes
him a most desirable ally and a formidable opponent. He
is uniformily dignified and afiable in debate ; but the
trenchant vigor with which he disposes of an antago-
nist, is frequently inimitable. Never making speeches
for "effect;" always confining himself to the topic
immediately under discussion ; and grouping facts, figures
and fancies with the skill of a master, he has achieved a
position beside the master intellects of the State, and
will long be remembered after he shall have left the
Senate Chamber, for — we trust — higher honors and
richer spheres of usefulness.
In personal appearance, Mr. Folger is commanding
and graceful. His features wear the stamp of intel-
lect, and advertise the gentlemanly suavity which is a
predominant trait in his character. His voice has that
peculiarly melodious inflection which is always ascribed
as one of the graces of the native orator. He is cool
and self-possessed under every circumstance, and never
finds himself in a situation for which he has not
adequate resources. Nobody would suspect him of
having approached, within a decade, the forty-eight
years he wears so well.
JAMES GIBSON.
Senator Gibson is a gentleman of quiet dignity. His
long flowing hair and whiskers, tinged with grey, his mild
eye, which seems to be overflowing with kindly feelings,
his low, persuasive voice, which is seldom brought up to a
high pitch, unite in throwing around him a personal
atmosphere which renders his presence both pleasant and
powerful. His father was a lawyer of distinction, in
Washington county, who died when his son James was
eleven years old. Though in good pecuniary circum-
stances while living, at his death, his estate netted nothing
to his family of orjDhans, who were consequently left to
fight their own way in the world, their mother having
previously died.
Senator Gibson was born in Salem, Washington county,
New York, September 5th, 1816. His school days were
passed in the Washington Academy, at Salem, which was
among the oldest educational institutions in this State, and
from which some of our leading men are graduates. He
there obtained a fair classical education. Before the con-
clusion of his school life, he entered the law office of his
uncle, Samuel Stevens, a former partner of his father, who
was, at that time, eminent as a practitioner, and who after-
ward became one of the leading members of the Albany
Bar. In 1836, at the October Term of the Supreme Court,
Mr. Gibson was admitted to practice, and thereupon
formed a partnership with Cyrus Stevens, which con-
tinned one year. At the termination of his business
associations with Mr. Stevens, he continued his legal pro-
fession, on his individual responsibility. His qualifications
were such as to attract the attention of the public ; and,
in a brief time, he gathered to himself an extended prac-
13
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tice. Having no one associated with him, he, from neces-
sity, selected but little office business, preferring to act in
the capacity of an advocate, or as counsel. There were
excejDtions to this, it is true ; but the general burden of
his labors was made up of those cases which demanded
careful study and laborious argument. During his life he
has had charge of a large number of criminal suits, which
have involved delicate points of circumstantial evidence,
and in the conducting of which, his almost intuitive
knowledge of the human passions, has made him both
skillful and successful. Many important civil controver-
sies have also been intrusted to him — controversies that
involved immense sums of money. Among other cases of
this nature, Mr. Gibsox conducted a protracted litigation
for the Troy and Rutland Railroad, out of which grew a
number of suits, upon side issues, in which he was coun-
sel. The nature of the above-mentioned suit was to this
effect : The Troy and Rutland Railroad had leased its road
to the Rutland and Washington Railroad — a Vermont
Association — which had pledged its road, with its rolling
stock, as security for the payment of its rent. Four years
elapsed, and the lessees not having paid the rent according
to agreement, the Troy and Rutland Railroad employed
Mr. Gibson to commence an action, in the Supreme Court,
for the purpose of obtaining possession of the Rutland and
Washington Railroad, and its rolling stock, and reentering
upon the Troy and Rutland Railroad. In that action, a
receiver of the two roads was appointed; possession of
their property, with the rolling stock, was given to him ;
and he operated the two roads, for one year. A final
judgment was obtained, in the action, by the consent of
all concerned, by which the plaintiffs were to extend the
time of payment of arrears, and both roads were to be
delivered over to the trustees appointed for the creditors
of the Rutland and Washington Railroad. From this suit
' JAMES GIBSON-. 09
sprang an immense litigation, of which Mr. Gibson held
the threads. On the compromise in the original suit, the
defendants gave a mortgage on^heir effects to their
creditors. About two years ago, Mr. Gibson foreclosed
that mortgage, the road was bid off by a Boston gentle-
man, and it now forms a part of the routes operated by
the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Association. We
have cited this, to show the character and importance of
the business which is placed in the hands of Mr. Gibson.
Years ago, he was Lieutenant-Colonel of the 50th Regi-
ment of Infantry, which in 1848, was consolidated with the
30th Artillery. By order of the Adjutant-General he was
attached to it, though not in the line, until 1863, when,
being elected into the line, he received his commission.
The Colonel, subsequently, resigning, Mr. Gibson, in Octo-
ber, 1865, was promoted to Colonel, and still holds the
office. During the last year, by his untiring efforts,
the regiment has been furnished with uniforms and equip-
ments, and under orders has paraded in full strength. It,
probably, cannot be excelled by any other regiment out
of the cities. From 1852 to 1856, Mr. Gibson was County
Judge of Washington county, having previously held
various public offices. In the autumn of 1865, Judge
Gibson was elected to the Senate from the Twelfth Sena-
torial District, by a Union Republican majority of over
three thousand. While acting in his present capacity, his
attention has been particularly occupied by his duties as
Chairman of the Committee on Claims, and as a member
of the Committee on Judiciary, both of which combined,
probably furnish two-thirds of the business of the Senate.
Some of the reports from the committee of which he is
Chairman, exhibit close scrutiny with reference to the
numerous claims which are presented to the Legislature.
Judge Gibson holds to the theory that the Legislature
should sternly resist appeals for donations, under the head
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of " equitable " claims, and should bear in mind that the
State and its tax payers have superior claims on its justice
and equity ; that it is futile for the Canal Commissioners
to require economy in the expenditures of subordinates,
if the Legislature shall constantly interfere, by donating
large sums to contractors for deficiencies in their profits.
Last year he carried forward a measure which originated
in the House, authorizing the survey of the Hudson River,
from tide-water-head to Fort Edward, and of the Cham-
plain Canal, from that place to Whitehall, the object of
which was to test the feasibility of improving navigation,
for the use of vessels of large .tonnage. Mr. Gibson has
been a warm advocate for all measures of local interest to
his District. At the opening of the session in 1866, he
took a strong position in favor of the measures and policy
of Congress, and introduced a series of resolutions to
that efiect. Though the resolutions, afterward passed,
were modified in order to form a ground upon which both
Senate and Assembly could meet, yet the spirit of Mr.
Gibson's resolutions was retained. He is still true to his
antecedents, and has emphatically declared himself in favor
of a Radical national course, in a concise speech delivered
in the Senate during the early part of the present session.
ABEL GODARD
Senator Godard represents the Seventeenth Sen-
atorial District. He is a native of St. Lawrence county —
a section of this State which has always been in the van
of liberal and progressive ideas, and which has produced
some of the noblest minds that have shaped both State
and national policies. The country will always gladly
pay homage to the memory of Preston King and Silas
ABEL GODARD. 101
Wright ; and it is but simple justice to say that, so far as
purity of character is concerned,, the mantle of public
favor and honor, which was once cast on those sterling
men, has fallen on a worthy representative in the person
of Mr. GODARD.
His grandfather, Lewis GodaUd, was a Captain in the
war of 1812, and died while a prisoner of war. His
father, Hon. Harlow Godard, is a politician of much
influence in St. Lawrence county, who represented his
district in the Assembly, in 1847, '48, '58, and '59.
The boyhood days of Abel Godard were mostly spent
in the Academy, in preparation for a collegiate course ;
when his preparatory studies were completed, he entered
the Rochester University, from which he graduated in
1859. During the same year, he was employed as
Engrossing Clerk in the Assembly. But that position, of
course, was merely temporary. It was not his desire to
be dependent upon no fixed occupation, and, therefore, as
soon as convenient, he decided upon choosing a profes-
sional life. He had previously stored his mind with a
knowledge of the classics and polite literature, and con-
sequently was, thus far, sufficiently accomplished to grace
any of the professions. But, being of a legal turn of
mind, he entered the Albany Law School from which he
graduated in August, 1861. At that time, it is well known
that the country was convulsed by the Southern Rebel-
lion. Places in the counting-room, the pulpit, and at the
bar, were made vacant by those who, though inex-
perienced in war, were willing, at all events, to throw
their bodies in the breach, as bulwarks against the traitors
of the nation. At the second call of President Lincoln,
for additional volunteers, Mr. Godard enlisted as a
private in the 60th Regiment, New York Volunteers,
which was organized at Ogdensburgh, New York. At
the election of officers, he was chosen Captain, and
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entered the iield in October following. In the campaign
of General Banks, in the Shenandoah Valley, Mr. Godaed
bore his share of duty. After the battle of Antietam, in
which Colonel Goodeich, commanding the 60th Regiment,
was killed. Captain Godaed was promoted to Major. In
the fall of 1862, he was advanced to the rank of Colonel;
and in the following year, led his regiment in the san-
guinary engagements of Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain,
and Ringgold. At the battle of Gettysburg, both his
regiment and himself displayed the loftiest heroism.
Upon whatever point they were brought to bear, the
enemy felt their power, as if lightning bolts had been
projected into their midst. In front of the regimental
line of the 60th New York Regiment, after the capture
of three battle-flags, were found ninety-eight dead rebels,
including six commissioned officers. At Lookout Moun-
tain or the " Battle above the Clouds," under General
HooKEE, Colonel Godaed and his regiment were in the
advance line of battle, and captured the first battle-
flag taken from the rebels in that fight, and General
Walthal's sword, which Colonel Godaed presented to the
Bureau of Military Record of this State. In the conflict at
Ringgold he was much exposed to danger ; but he showed
a brave spirit. The bullets flew around him like hailstones,
yet he led his men against the foe, determined to leave no
duty undone. When the fight was at an end, there were
eleven hidlet-holes in his uniform. Truly, it seems that
his was a charmed life ! In the celebrated campaign of
General Sheeman, to Atlanta, Colonel Godaed led his
regiment in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, Allatoona, and
Peachtree Creek ; and his regiment was the first to unfurl
the colors over the city of Atlanta. He was honorably
discharged from the service in September, 1864.
Colonel Godaed's military life was distinguished for
great personal bravery. He was always at the head of his
WOLCOTT J. HUMPHEEY. 103
regiment, though dangers thickened and seemed insur-
mountable ; and it can be justly said that his military
record has no stain of cowardice ujDon it.
In 1865, Mr. Godakd was elected Supervisor of the
town of De Kalb; and during the same year, the Repub-.
lican party, in view of the hazards which he had run, and
the patriotism which he had evinced in the army, and also
because of his mental abilities, and an ardent enthusiasm
which was the basis of his character, elected him to the
State Senate, in which he is Chairman of the Committee
on Militia and Public Defense, and a member of the
Committees on Claims and Engrossed Bills.
WOLCOTT J. HUMPHREY,
Mr. Humphrey is a gentleman who has had consider-
able experience in the political affairs of the State. For
twenty years or more, he has taken deep interest in public
matters, and has served the people in various positions of
responsibility and trust. His ability and fidelity have
been recognized by an election to the Senate — one of the
highest expressions of confidence which can be given.
Mr. Humphrey's birthplace was Canton, Hartford
county, Connecticut. He is forty-nine years of age. His
father, grandfather and great-grandfather were natives of
the same town. The original head of the family, in this
country, were two brothers who came from England, in
the sixteenth century, and settled in Massachusetts. From
them have descended the numerous branches of the family
which may now be found in every State in the Union.
Mr. Humphrey's father concluded in 1818, to remove
from the locality where his family had dwelt for so many
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years, and decided to make the town of Sheldon, Genesee
county (now Wyoming), his future home. This section
was then the " far West," and when we consider the
primitive facilities for travel which then existed — when
the long, tedious journeys of the hardy pioneers, were
performed on horseback or in lumbering wagons — and
when it is known that his father had the good old-
fashioned flimily of fifteen children, to look after (after-
ward increased to seventeen), it will be readily believed
that the change was one requiring a good deal of New
England grit and perseverance. But the exodus was
accomplished ; and a new scene opened in the lives of the
whole family.
Senator Humphrey's early education was acquired
wholly in a common school ; but, by extensive travel
through the States, and much mingling with the bustling
business world — "keeping his eyes and ears open" the
while — he has stored his mind with a large fund of
practical knowledge and information. When twenty
years old, he entered the military service of the State ;
and, in 1840, was elected Colonel of the 9th Regiment, 8th
Brigade, New York State Artillery. In 1844, he resigned
his commission and gave up all connection with military
affairs. He married, in 1841, Miss Amanda Martindale,
a daughter of Major William S. Martindale, of Dorset,
Vermont, a lady of excellent domestic qualities.
At different times Mr. Humphrey has held various town
offices; and during the year 1850, was Marshal for taking
the census in six of the towns of his county. In 1849, '53
and '60, he was appointed Postmaster, and, after serving
awhile, as many times, resigned ; his second resignation
took place when Tyler proved himself recreant to the
party with which he was identified. In 1850, he was
elected to the Assembly, and Avas returned in 1851. His
political talents and constant activity gave him a leading
WOLCOTT J. HUMPHREY. 105
position in that body. The latter term, he served as
Chairman of the Committee on Railroads, and reported
the Central Railroad Bill, authorizing the railroad con-
solidation, and establishing the existing restrictions. He
was also selected by the caucus to take charge of the Pro-
hibitory Liquor Law passed at that session ; and he made
an able speech in its behalf.
Some time in 1855, Mr. Humphrey removed to Bloom-
ington, Illinois, where he was instrumental in securing the
return of the late Owen^ Lovejoy to Congress, against
Judge Davies. He was, we believe. President of the
Convention that nominated Mr. Lovejoy. After residing
in Bloomington three years, or thereabouts, he returned
to Wyoming, and resumed business at North Java, from
which place he removed to Warsaw, in 1864, where he
now lives. During the war, he was enrolling officer for
the government, and was mobbed, by foreign opponents
of the draft, while in the discharge of his duties.
Mr. Humphrey was elected to the Senate from the
Thirtieth District (Wyoming, Livingston and Allegany),
in 1865, by 5,240 majority over the late Judge Hastings,
of Livingston. An excellent position was given him, on
the committees, he being a member of the Committees on
Railroads, Internal Affairs, and Printing, and Chairman
of the Committee on Roads and Bridges. He ranks as
a faithful worker, and one of the best debaters among
the non-speech-making Senators. His political views were
Whig, so long as there was a Whig party, and he became
a member of the Republican party when it was formed.
He has been farmer, merchant, and tanner by turns, and
is extensively engaged in the latter business at present.
He is a gentlemen of fine presence, and great nervous
energy, of warm friendships and good impulses, and pos-
sesses talents of a high order, as a political organizer and
an indefatigable worker.
14
ADAM W. KLINE.
Senator Kline is descended from a family conspicuous
among the early settlers of Tryon county, Avithin whose
bounds were enacted some of the bloodiest scenes of the
Revolution. Its population was mostly located in the val-
ley of the Mohawk river, having crept westward to the
sources of that classic stream, previous to the year 1'750.
Mr. Kline's paternal grandfather was from Germany.
He first located on lands near Fort Stanwix (now Rome),
Oneida county, where William Kline, the father of the
Senator, was born, in 1775. Later, the grandfather moved
eastward to Fort Johnson (two and one-half miles west of
the present village of Amsterdam), which he purchased,
with a large tract of land adjacent. He finally planted
his homestead a mile west of the fort ; and, when his son
William attained his majority, gave him a farm and a
home, only a mile distant, where the subject of this notice
was born, February 5th, 1818, and w^here his time w^as
spent, until eighteen years of age. Mr. Kline's mother is
a native of Schenectady : her ancestors were from Holland
and Scotland. He was favored with only the ordinary
advantages of the common schools of that day, but dili-
gently improved and cultivated those habits of observation
and reflection, to which he owes the distinction he now
enjoys. Before he was twenty-one, he determined to work
out his fortunes, unaided. Accordingly he left home, went
to Amsterdam, learned the trade of a carpenter, and fol-
lowed it, in that village, for ten years, having had the entire
charge of the business after his second year of service.
In 1843, a machine for weaving figures into carpets was
wanted for a factory about to be opened in Amsterdam.
Ko one in that place would undertake its construction.
ADAM W. KLINE. 107
In that emergency, Mr. Kline came forward, and offered
to take a contract for ten machines. The proprietor of
the factory hesitated, fearing he would sustain loss by
delay, but finally made the contract, on the assurance
from Hon. John Sanfoed that, if Mr. Kline did not
succeed, he would pay the damage. In less than the
time agreed upon, a most excellent machine was placed
in the factory and satisfactorily set running. This was a
turning point in the road to fortune. Orders for similar
machines were multiplied beyond his power to fill, and
at once he was in the midst of an extensive and lucrative
business. From this, he was diverted by a proposition
made by the Hon. Mr. Sanford, to form a mercantile
partnership. The terms were too favorable to be rejected.
Arrangements were consummated, and the business went
on satisfactorily and profitably. The firm was dissolved,
by mutual consent, in 1847, when Mr. Kline moved across
the river to Port Jackson, and engaged alone in merchan-
dising, having, at the same time, an interest in the scythe
factory of Mr. Case, in Amsterdam. In 1844, he maiTied
Miss Bata a. Simons, of Florida, Montgomery Co., whose
family came from New England. In 1857, in connection
with John Maxwell, he built a stockinet factory, about
a mile and a half north of Amsterdam, which was the
first one erected in that town. The business was pros-
perous until October, 1859, when a fire brought it to
a close, and the partnership was terminated. He after-
ward built a similar factory near the railroad, in the
village of Amsterdam, and ran it until February, 1866,
when it was likewise burned. On the same site, he has
built a large flouring mill, which has but recently been
put in operation. The business interests of Amsterdam
are indebted to no one, more than to him, for their enlarge-
ment and flourishing condition ; in connection with them,
few have acquired a larger competence ; and, in the various
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enterprises of life, few, have been more uniformly success-
ful. He is now largely engaged in the wool trade, in
Troy, and is Vice-President of the First National Bank
of Amsterdam. During the late civil strife, he was one
of the District Committee, whose purpose was to hasten
the organization of the 115th Regiment, New York Vol-
unteers ; and was Chairman of the War Committee of his
town during the war, and no man in that community gave
more freely of his substance, to support the wives and
children of the soldiers who were fighting the battles of
his country, than did Mr. Kline, and he probably did
more to encourage enlistments than any other person in
that section of the State.
His political and official career was commenced at Port
Jackson, in the town of Florida, opposite the village of
Amsterdam. In 1849, he was elected Supervisor of the
town, overcoming a majority against his party of about
150, and being the first Whig elected to that office, in
thirty years. Having returned to Amsterdam, in 1853, he
was elected Supervisor of that town in 1858 and 1859, and
was, both years. Chairman of the Board. In 1859, he was,
elected Treasurer of the county of Montgomery, having, in
his own town of Amsterdam, 383 majority, and precisely
the same in 1865, when elected State Senator. He is
Chairman of the Committee on Trade and Manufactures,
and is on the Committees on Banks, and Roads and Bridges.
During the Session of 1866, he was a member of the
Special Committee appointed by Lieutenant-Governor,
Alvord, on Federal Relations. As a legislator, Senator
Kline is practical, vigilant, faithful and honest; as a
politician, he is true to principle and party relations.
He makes no pretensions to eloquence, but he can express
his ideas clearly, and in a manner to command notice. He
enjoys no small degree of popularity in his district, and
has the respect of his colleagues in the Senate.
NICHOLAS B. LA BAU. 109
Mr. Kline owes all that he is to his own persevering
toil. From comparative poverty, he has arisen to affluence
and power, and he now is among the best business oper-
ators in his section of the State. He is generous, indefat-
igable and energetic as a business man, and as a worker
for his party.
NICHOLAS B. LA BAU
Mr. La Bau's personelle is really one of the finest in
the Senate. A person is attracted by his finely cut
features which are decidedly classical, as well as by his
polished manners and faultless exterior. He displays that
carefulness in dress, which marks the gentleman of
refinement, without creating an impression of superlative
fastidiousness ; and his rich voice, whether heard in debate
or in conversation, is exceedingly pleasing.
He is a native of Trenton, New Jersey, at which place
he was born, July 29th, 1823. His maternal grandfather
was born on the Island of Scio, of Greek parents, and
came to this country while young, settling in Philadelphia.
He became one of the wealthiest merchants in that city.
His paternal ancestry were Huguenots ; they left France
during the reign of Louis XIV, and settled in New Jersey.
Mr. La Bau is a graduate of Columbia College, New
York. After leaving college, he studied law, and was
admitted to practice at the Bar. He followed the legal
profession until 1859, when, on account of ill health, he
was compelled to relinquish his professional pursuits. In
110 LIFE SKETCHES.
1860, he had a severe and dangerous illness which confined
him to his bed for six months ; and he did not entirely
recover from this attack, until January, 1863.
Up to the year 1859, he had identified himself with the
first Division New York State Militia, and had served in
almost every capacity — Aid to Brigadier-General, Brigade
Judge Advocate, Captain New York City Guards; and
when his health failed him, he was Lieutenant-Colonel
of the 55th Regiment.
Mr. La Bau was an ardent Union man, from the begin-
ning of our national conflict, and, as soon as his health
permitted, took an unmistakable position in favor of the
Administration. He was, at that .time, a resident of
Richmond county, to which he had removed from New
York, for the purpose of fully regaining his health.
Richmond county was hopelessly Democratic; and its
financial afiairs were in the hands of a most corrupt
ring. In 1863, the Board of Supervisors passed a resolu-
tion to raise, upon the bonds of the county, a sum suffi-
cient to pay every drafted man's exemption fee ; and they
individually said : " Not a man shall go to the war from
Richmond county." Such a flagrant determination to
indirectly aid the active enemies at the South, was enough
to make the blood boil in the veins of any true Union
man ! Mr. La Bait took an earnest part in favor of the
tax payers of the county, to break up the strongholds of
corruption. He was the Union candidate for the Assem-
bly, in 1863 ; but the Democratic tide was too strong
against him, and his opponent was elected. In the spring
of 1864, he canvassed the county against the corrupt
Board of Supervisors, and in favor of the reformatory
movement, which he had inaugurated. His attempt was
successful ; for all of the Board, except one, were rejected ;
and honest, independent men were elected in their stead.
In the autumn of the same year, he again ran for Member
NICHOLAS E. LA BAF. Ill
of Assembly, but lie was beaten by the opposing candi-
date, nevertheless having run far ahead of his ticket.
In 1865, Senator La Bau's name was brought before the
people of the First District, as candidate for State Senator.
After his nomination, the Democratic Committee split on
the nominations of Mr. Christie and Mr. Havens, both
factions claiming that their proceedings were regular.
Mr. La Bait made a thorough canvass of the counties of
Richmond and Suffolk, speaking to audiences nearly every
night. Four days before the election, a reconciliation was
effected between the two Democratic factions, and Mr.
Havens withdrew in favor of Mr. Christie. Mr. La Bau's
chances for success were considered hopeless, as the district
was Democratic by at least 1,800 majority. In fact, Geo.
William Curtis had, in 1862, been defeated in running
for Congress, by a majority of 1,308; and Mr. Christie,
in 1863, had been elected to the Senate by 1,612, in his
favor. Mr. La Bau's friends, however, worked tenaciously,
resolved not to give up the contest until the last moment.
The result was his election by about seventy majority —
a most satisfactory triumph, as it demonstrated his popu-
larity among his constituents.
In the Senate of 1866, he was a member of the Commit-
tees on Judiciary, Engrossed Bills, and Roads and Bridges.
Mr. La Bau secured the passage of a number of import-
ant measures, during the session of 1866, among which
were the following : a bill to introduce the Metropolitan
Police into Richmond county ; another to regulate the fees
of justices and constables in the same county, limiting
their fees to |300 per annum, whereas some of those
officers had each been accustomed yearly to exact from
$2,000 to $3,000 from the county ; also, a bill to protect
seamen coming into the port of New York, and to break
up the infamous system of plundering which was carried
on by sailor boarding houses. He took the " laboring oar "
112 LIFE SKETCHES.
in behalf of the Metropolitan Excise Bill, which embraced
the county of Richmond within its provisions; and advo-
cated the conferring of the appointing power upon the
Governor, in the Metropolitan Health Bill ; he also intro-
duced and secured the passage of a bill amending the
general manufacturing law, thereby enabling persons to
form companies to build and maintain hotels ; and another
amending the act relative to limited or special partner-
ships, by which young men may now engage in banking
and brokerage upon the capital of others, invested as
special partners.
As a debater, Mr. La Bau is ready and perspicuous.
His style of oratory is often florid, though not excessively
so, and his jDoints of advantage and defense are usually
well selected. Ornate in rhetoric, and sagacious in argu-
ment, he is an opponent of gentlemanly bearing, and a
colleague of fine culture.
ABRAHAM LENT.
Few public men have achieved a more honorable career
than Abraham Lent. Modest and unpretentious, he has
secured a position in popular esteem, which others, of more
showy accomplishments and greater fondness of applause,
have striven for in vain. With less of ambition for political
honor than the majority of men, nominations and appoint-
ments have been tendered him, not only without solicita-
tion on his part, but when he did not expect them. His
course as a representative, like his custom as a man of
business, has been characterized by a careful, pains-taking,
efficiency and straightforwardness, which have made him
popular, as well as demonstrated his usefulness, and
ABRAHAM LENT. 113
endeared him to his constituency. It requires little pro-
phetic ken to predict for him further public service, and,
perhaps, in a higher arena.
The family of Mr. Lent settled at Fishkill, in the county
of Dutchess, at an early period in the colonial history of
New York ; and his relatives in that part of the State, take
rank among the most respectable citizens. His father
came to the city of New York, in boyhood, and engaged
in business with success. He died about a year since,
having the gratification of witnessing one son in the
Senate of his own State, and another holding a similar
position in California.
Abraham Lent was born in Pearl street, New York,
on the 12th day of February, in the year 1815, at the
very time when the people of that city, as indeed, of
the entire country, were rejoicing, and indulging in
mutual congratulations at the proclamation of peace
with Great Britain. He was sent to school in Vande water
street, then one of the most popular and aristocratic dis-
tricts of the city. His proficiency was very creditable.
He afterward engaged in the study of the law, in the
office of Edwin Burr, but, after some time, abandoned
that profession for trade. His first endeavors were not
successful, or even encouraging ; but, as fast as one effort
failed, he immediately embarked with an unflagging zeal
upon another, and so continued till long past thirty years
of age. His energy aiid persistency did not fail, never-
theless, of yielding their proper recompense, and he
acquired what was better than mere pecuniary success —
a wide reputation for upright and honorable dealing.
Finally, in 1850, he became the junior partner in the
clothing establishment of the firm of Croney & Lent,
where he succeeded, by careful and patient industry, in
amassing a competency. He is still engaged in prosperous
business. ^g
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In 1859, he was elected to the Board of Councilmen for
the Sixth District, where he soon had an opportunity
to display his integrity as a public man. The famous
Japanese Embassy visited New York, and were made
the guests of the city. Mr. LE:NrT was a member of the
Joint Committee of Reception, and distinguished him-
self by persistently refusing to cooperate in the attempt
to defraud the municipal treasury, which made that com-
mittee so notorious over the whole country. Artifices
were employed, threats and liberal promises of money
made to him, to lend himself to the knavery, but he was
not swerved. He was again elected, and reelected, serv-
ing five terms in all, maintaining the same reputation for
honesty and ability throughout the whole period.
To his utter surprise, having neither desired or expected
such a distinction, he was nominated for the Senate, and
received the handsome majority of 442 over the Hon.
David Y. Feeeman, although the Democratic State
ticket, at the same election, had a majority of about 800.
The same admirable qualities which had for five years dis-
tinguished the Councilman, were displayed to equal
advantage by the Senator; and being thoroughly con-
versant with the afiairs and wants of the city of New
York, he soon acquired an influence in shaping legislation
which he exercised to the best of his ability. Seldom has
a constituency been more fortunate in the selection of a
representative. At the charter election of 1866, Mr. Lent
was suggested as a candidate for the office of Comp-
troller ; but, as his Senatorial term would continue a year
longer, the proposition was not entertained, although
his availability was generally acknowledged. He always
secured more votes than others of the same political faith
who were in nomination at the same time ; acquiring his
popularity without resorting to the acts of the dema-
gogue, or even the tinsel accomplishments of the public
HENRY E. LOW. 115
speaker. His native good sense has led him to avoid dis-
play, only directing his attention tcr official business ; and
he accepted political preferment as a public duty, willing
to be set aside when his services should not be required.
Having a local popularity which has been richly deserved,
always fulfilling his obligations to the letter, possessing
an excellent capacity for the transaction of business, and
being in the prime of life, there is every reason to believe
that he will continue in public life for many years yet to
come.
HENRY R. LOW
Me. Low is of French and English ancestry. His
father's ancestors, in consequence of the intolerance shown
them in relation to their religious principles, were among
the Huguenots who fled from France to Holland, in order
to escape from the persecutions that were heaped upon
them, and afterward came to this country and settled in
the county of Ulster, New York, where they were ready
to meet and endure the privations of a hardy pioneer life,
rather than to tamely and servilely submit to the dictations
of despotism. His maternal grandfather was a staunch
patriot, in revolutionary times, and served in the American
army during that trying struggle. Mr. Low's father, who
died in 1863, was a native of Ulster county, and a farmer.
He was a man of small means, who, by using strict
economy, was able to support his family in a respectable
way, and give his children the benefit of a common
education.
Senator Low became a pupil at the Collegiate Institute,
of which Professor Chaeles F, Maurice was the Principal;
116 LIFE SKETCHES.
while there his scholarship was of the first grade, and his
deportment such as to win the esteem, of his teachers.
Professor Maueice, who, by the way, ranks among the best
educators of this State, discerned in his pupil the germ
of a fine mind, and knowing the straitened circumstances
which surrounded him, very kindly offered to pay his
expenses through college. But boyhood seldom looks
upon the future with eyes of wisdom ; the patience of the
young mind cannot always wait for the consummation of
plans which, in their fruition, shall bring lasting benefits ;
and, therefore, looking from a stand-point widely different
from that which is occupied by age and experience, youth
draws hasty conclusions, and shrinks from attempting that
which will defer the ready accomplishment of its hopes
and aspirations. Reasoning from the immature sugges-
tions which arise in the mind of a boy, and feeling that
the undertaking, so generously proposed by his teacher,
would be too great for himself, Mr. Low courteously
decided not to accept the offer. In looking over his life,
at the present time, he sees, with regret, that he made a
mistake in declinijig a collegiate course which his bene-
factor had proffered him. Having completed his academic
studies, at the Normal School in the city of Albany, he
taught in the common school a couple of years, and then
organized a select school, of which he was teacher, for
about one year. He afterward started a similar school at
Monticello, New York, which was, soon after, reorganized
as the Monticello Academy.
But Mr. Low did not intend to follow teaching as a life-
long profession, hence he began the study of law in the
office of Hon. A. C. Niven. For a time, he partially sup-
ported himself by conducting cases in the justices' court;
but those means were inadequate to meet his necessary
expenses, and, at last, he was obliged to ask his friends for
the loan of a sum sufficient to carry him through his
HENEY K. LOW. 117
studies. His request was readily granted. Mr. Niven
was his firm friend at that time, encouraging the young
student, and aiding him in a pecuniary way. After Mr.
Low's admission to the Bar, he entered into partnership
with Mr. NiVEisr, and continued in that relation until he
was elected County Judge and Surrogate, in the year
1856. He held that position by reelection until 1862,
when he was chosen State Senator. He has, for three
successive terms, been elected to the Senate, though
residing in a Democratic District. His contest for the
seat in 1864 with Hon. A. C. IsTiven, was one of the most
important and prolonged which has ever been had in this
State. Both were men of recognized talent, and both
were influential citizens ; but Mr. Niven was compelled to
submit to a verdict against himself.
Senator Low's course has officially been marked by a
strict and conscientious discharge of duty, a close atten-
tion to legislative business, and a fearless and determined
opposition to all measures savoring of extravagance and
corruption. He has sometimes been regarded as an ultra
radical, for which more or less censure has been passed
upon him ; and yet time has demonstrated the wisdom of
his views and the foresight of his opinions. From the
birth of the great idea of the Emancipation Proclamation,
he was in favor of it; and strenuously urged the arming
of slaves and the making of war with all the materials at
the nation's command. With much sagacity, Mr. Low
foresaw and denounced the treacherous course of Mr.
Johnson, and also the painful shiftings of Secretary
Sewaed; and the ideas promulgated by him in his
speeches in 1863 and in 1866, though in advance of those
of most of the leading politicians of our State, have been
fully justified and adopted by the Republican party in its
platforms and resolutions ; and his speech in reference to
the assassination of President Lincoln, is justly regarded
118 LIFE SKETCHES.
as one of the most appropriate tributes to the memory of
the nation's martyr.
Mr. Low supported the leading war measures enacted
by the State Legislature for the raising of men and
money, payment of bounties, buying arms, &c., for the
putting down of the rebellion; and was liberal in con-
tributing for the care and support of the families of the
soldiers, and providing for the sick and disabled.
He was the author of the Soldiers' Voting Law, vetoed
by Governor Seymouk, and a supporter of the bill which
afterward became a law. He drafted and introduced the
original bill for a Registry Law, embodying the leading
features of the present act, and was one of its warmest
supporters. He especially labored for the Metropolitan
Excise Law, and for the law taxing the shares of the
National Banks, passed by the Legislature of 1866, and
supported the Health Bill and Metropolitan Fire Commis-
sion Bill. He uniformly opposed all canal jobs and canal
claims, believing the present system to be wrong. Senator
Low ranks among the best debaters in the Senate ; and is
an industrious and trustworthy officer.
HENRY CRUSE MURPHY.
This gentleman has represented the Third Senatorial
District for the last six years, and recently received the
nomination for United States Senator from the Democratic
Members of the Legislature. Thus placed prominently
before the public, as the acknowledged representative of
his party, he is entitled to special notice.
Timothy Murphy, grandfather of the Senator, emigrated
to America, from Ireland, in the year 1769, and settled in
HENEY CRUSE MURPHY. 119
Monmouth county, New Jersey, where he married Mary
Garrison, granddaughter of Richard Hartshorne, of
Middletown, for several years member of the Council, and
Representative of the Assembly of that Province, and who
was also proprietor of an extensive plantation, adjoining
to and including Sandy Hook, which was in the possession
of his descendants until a recent period. On the breaking
out of the Revolution, the above mentioned Timothy
Murphy warmly espoused the American cause, and, with
the other Whigs of Monmouth, took up arms in defense of
those principles which he cherished, and transmitted to his
descendants. He left eight children, four of whom were
sons, viz. : William, John Garrison, Francis and Joseph.
John Garrison Murphy married Clarissa Runyon, of
Princeton, New Jersey, and settled, about the year 1808,
in Brooklyn, where he died in 1854, in the seventieth year
of his age, leaving two sons and four daughters.
Henry C. Murphy, the eldest of these children, was
born in Brooklyn, in 1810, and has ever since been a resi-
dent of that city. After receiving a preparatory education,
he entered Columbia College, from which he graduated in
1830. He then commenced the study of the law, with the
late Peter W. Radclippe, of New York — one of the best
lawyers of his day, and a man of established purity and
uprightness of character — and was admitted to the Bar,
in 1833. In the year following, he married Miss Amelia
Greenwood, daughter of Richard Greenwood, of Haver-
straw, Rockland county. New York. Though applying
himself assiduously to the duties of his profession, Mr.
Murphy found time to bestow on literary and political
subjects, and was a frequent contributor to several period-
icals of the day. He thus early became known in political
circles, in which he has since occupied a foremost position.
At the time Mr. Murphy entered public life, the State
of New York had been long pursuing, in regard to its
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moneyed interests, a policy which had placed the banks, in
every section of the State, under the control of petty
monopolists, created by political favoritism. A convention
of the young men of the day, assembled at Herkimer, in
1834, to which Mr. Mukphy was elected a delegate. On
its organization, he was appointed Chairman on Resolu-
tions, and then, for the first time, exhibited that foresight
and energy of character for which he has since been
distinguished. He took occasion at once, to introduce in
the Committee, and subsequently in the Convention, a
resolution denouncing the above policy, although the
patronage which it created had been distributed for the
benefit of his own party. Violent opposition was made
to the adoption of the resolution, but it finally passed,
with some modification. It was, however, never permitted
to see the light, having been suppressed in the official
report of the proceedings of the Convention. Still it had
its effect. The fact that the resolution had been sup-
pressed soon became known. The New York Evening
Post, then edited by the late William Leggett, and
many other journals, exposed the unfair proceeding, took
up the doctrine, and gave it a strength and popularity
which resulted, in a few years, in the utter prostration of
the system of monopolized banking in the State of New
York.
Mr. MuEPHY was, soon after, appointed Attorney and
Counsel to the Corporation of his native city, and, conse-
quently, became familiar with the nature and operation of
municipal corporations generally. In 1842, he was elected
Mayor of Brooklyn. During his administration, he intro-
duced a system of retrenchment, which actually kept the
expenditures of that city within its income. He com-
menced this . retrenchment by the reduction of his own
salary. Before the expiration of his term of office as
Mayor, he was elected member of the Twenty-eighth
HENRY CRUSE MURPHY. 121
Congress, and took his seat accordingly in the House of
Representatives, in 1843. Although one of its youngest
members, he at once occupied a high position in that body ;
and, on the Tariff question, advocated a system of duties
for revenue purposes only, and thus incidentally indorsed
the doctrine of free trade.
On the question of the annexation of Texas, he was
in favor of the measure, but advised its postponement, in
order that Mexico might be afforded an opportunity to
give her assent, and that more unanimity might be secured
thereby in favor of it in the United States. In view of
the events which have since transpired, the wisdom of this
recommendation must be admitted. On other questions
of public policy, he took an equally prominent position ;
and, with ability, opposed the alteration of the Natural-
ization Laws, and demonstrated the inconsistency of such
a measure with the genius of our government, and its bad
effects on the settlement of the public domain. For the
splendid Dry Dock which has been constructed at Walla-
bout bay, the port of New York is entirely indebted to
Mr. Murphy's zeal and perseverance.
The most notable position in State politics which this
gentleman has occupied, was that of member of the Con-
vention which assembled, in 1846, to frame a new Consti-
tution for this State. Hefe he brought forward several
important provisions, some of which were eventually
incorporated into that instrument. His course on this, as
on most occasions, met the approbation of his constituents,
and on his return from the Convention, he was again
elected to Congress by the largest vote ever previously
polled in his district.
On the accession of Mr. Buchanak to the Presidency,
Mr. Murphy received the appointment of Minister to the
Hague. Identified, as he had long been, with the efforts
made to rescue from oblivion the early history of our
16
122 LIFE SKETCHES.
State, particularly that portion of it which relates to its
first colonization by Holland, the selection elicited general
approval. When the rebellion broke out, Mr. Muephy
was still Minister of the United States to the Netherlands.
It was exceedingly important at the time, that the govern-
ments of Europe should be correctly informed of the
precise facts of the case, and of the real relation of the
States to the Federal Government, in order that foreign
powers might readily see and adhere to their well-estab-
lished line of duty. Accordingly, Minister Muephy
addressed to the Government of the Netherlands an
elaborate exposition of that relationship, and clearly
pointed out the absolute supremacy of the General Gov-
ernment rn all matters committed to it by the Constitu-
tion, and the equally absolute rights of the States over
all matters not delegated to the United States by that
instrument. He seized the opportunity to show, at the
same time, that the rebellion owed its origin chiefly to
sectional hate and the ambition of the leaders. This paper
was printed at length in the Diplomatic Correspondence
of 1861 and 1862, and was highly praised by men of
all parties. Upon his return to the United States, he
announced his determination to uphold the National flag
against secession, and was immediately elected to the Senate
of the State as a Union man. ^t the State Convention of
the Democratic party, in 1862, he was chosen temporary
Chairman, and insisted that all citizens, without distinc-
tion of party, should support the Administration in
putting down the rebellion. In the annual oration before
the Tammany Society, on the 4th of July, 1863, he took
no less patriotic ground in behalf of the Union. Indeed,
he was no less zealous in acts than in words ; for mainly
by his exertions, the Third Senatorial Regiment — the
159th New York State Volunteers, Colonel Molt]S"eux —
was raised, and the bounties paid to the men, without
HENRY CRUSE MURPHY. 123
calling upon either tlie State, city or county authorities for
that purpose. Such, in brief, is the- history of his action
in regard to the rebellion.
Mr. Murphy has been elected three times to the Senate,
for successive terms, and is now in his sixth year of ser-
vice in that body. He has taken a conspicuous part in
all important debates and discussions, and particularly
distinguished himself in his efforts to repeal the bill in
regard to ecclesiastical tenures, and to establish the quar-
antine in the lower bay of ISTew York — measures which he
successfully carried through. He also was in favor of
sustaining the different internal improvements throughout
the State, without regard to the section where they were
proposed, provided they contributed to the general pros-
perity. Having always been a strict constructionist, Mr.
Murphy voted against ratifying the Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States abolishing Slavery. He
holds that, as the Federal Government is one of delegated
powers exclusively, and as the subject of slavery was not
embraced in the Constitution, and was to be disposed of
only by the States where it existed, the power of amend-
ment is necessarily limited to the subjects embraced in the
Constitution, and does not legitimately apply to that of
abolishing slavery.
In debate. Senator Murphy always speaks extempora-
neously ; in argument, he is close and logical ; in manner,
earnest and apparently severe; and, when he warms to
his subject, history, precedent and analogy all seem to rise
unbidden to fortify the positions he assumes. In private
character, he possesses, in an eminent degree, all the
essential elements of a high-toned and honorable gentle-
man ; and no public man has, probably, passed thus far
through the trying ordeal of a legislative career, so entirely
free from the taint of corruption. Though eminently a
practical man, taking a deep and active interest in public
124 LIFE SKETCHES.
affairs — a man of the people — he is a scholar, " and a ripe,
good one." To the gratification of this taste, Mr. Murphy
has given much of his time and means. During his travels,
at home and abroad, he has accumulated one of the finest
private libraries in America, and possesses the full power
to appreciate and enjoy it ; and however much he may win
honor and fame as a public spirited citizen, or a successful
political leader, his claims as one of the literati can never
be lost sight of, and will constitute his most enduring
fame. Mr. Murphy's contributions to literature are of a
very valuable character, and include a number of trans-
lations from the Putch language, of which he is a perfect
master.
THOMAS MURPHY.
Senator Murphy is, in every acceptance of the term, a
self-made man. His career is one of those many illustra-
tions of the advantages of American institutions, and of
our form of government. He was born in Ireland, in
August, 1823, and is, therefore, now in his forty-fourth
year. His parents left that country, in 1833, and came to
Albany, where they resided until their death. Thomas,
at the age of eleven, obtained employment in the cap-front
manufacturing establishment of Alfred Pierce, in Hud-
son street, Albany ; and, before he was there one year,
became foreman over a dozen or more youths employed
by that firm.
He soon worked his way into the confidence of his
employer, who intrusted him with the most confidential
portion of his business, and before he left that establish-
ment, had full charge of the delivery of goods to the retail
THOMAS MUKPHY. 125
merchants in that line of trade, in this vicinity, as well as
all collections of debts.
His father died in 1838, leaving nine children, the
subject of this sketch being next to the youngBst. Cir-
cumstances soon after placed upon him the main support
bf his mother. She died in 1840, and a short time after
this event, he decided to leave Albany and seek his
fortune in New York city.
He left Albany in 1841, being then in his eighteenth
year, in company with another young man, to seek
employment in the metropolis. Neither of the two knew
a soul in New York ; and, after searching in vain, four or
five days, for employment, they held a council to see what
should be done. Young Murphy found himself with only
two dollars in his exchequer, and with the bitter experience
of a week's efforts to remind him of the poor prospect
of obtaining work. The heart of his comrade failed him,
and he proposed to return to Albany. Every effort pos-
sible was made to induce Thomas Murphy to accompany
him, but he was equally determined to remain and fight
out the battle of life in that field. The two parted, one
returning to Albany, and the other remaining to strug-
gle, as best he could, against what then seemed adverse
fortune.
The second day after their separation, Thomas Murphy
obtained employment in the hat, cap, boot and shoe store
of Reuben Vose, in Water street, near Wall. He
remained there five years, but finding that the obstacles
in his way were almost insurmountable, and that, not-
withstanding he applied himself night and day, he could
not obtain promotion, he left, in 1846, and obtained a posi-
tion in the store of George Birdge, on Hanover square,
in the same line of trade. He commenced there, at a
salary of six dollars per week, and gave such satisfaction,
that, in four years, he refused a salary of three thousand
126 LIFE SKETCHES.
dollars. He had, by that time, become so well known
that several capitalists were anxious to take him in as
partner. He accepted an offer from a Mr. Lee, and went
into partnership with him, in 1851, occupying the upper
stories of the building in Cedar street, near Nassau, over
the store of Buckley & Claflin ; a Mr. Avery was taken
in as special partner. A few years after, the firm was
increased by the accession of Geoege Chapman, and was
then known as Lee, Murphy & Co.
He remained in Cedar street only two years, when the
firm moved to Dey street, their business having increased
so fast that they were obliged to occupy two stores. A
few years afterward, they removed to Murray street, near
Broadway, where they remained as long as Mr. Murphy
continued in business. The firm was afterward changed
to Murphy & Childs, and, subsequently, to Murphy
& Griswold. Under this last partnership, the business
was conducted until the close of the rebellion. Mr.
Murphy having lost heavily during the financial crisis in
1857, and fearing another disaster on the termination of
the rebellion, concluded to stay out of business until the
return of specie payments, and has since been dealing in
unimproved real estate in New York.
His firm, for a number of years, did the largest business
in that trade in New York, the sales amounting to about
three millions annually. They had several contracts for
furnishing military hats and caps during the war.
In politics, he was a Whig until the formation of the
Republican party. He was a delegate to the Philadelphia
Convention, in 1856, from the Fifth Congressional District,
and there voted for General Fremont. He was also a
delegate to the Chicago Convention which nominated
Abraham Lincoln, and also to the Baltimore Convention
which renominated him in 1864. The first ofiice that he
ever held, is the position of Senator, which he now fills as
JOH^ I. NICKS. 127 .
the representative of the Seventh Senatorial District. He
was placed by Lieutenant-Governor Alvord on the
Committees on Finance, Commerce and Navigation, and
Medical Colleges. He has made a practical and working
member ; while he has not shown that brilliancy in debate
of some of his associates, he has proven himself one of
the most useful members of the present Senate. He has
always been identified with the Seward-Weed wing of
his party, and is now Chairman of the regular or old
Republican Central Committee in ISTew York city.
In personal appe^ance, he is somewhat prepossessing,
being a man about five feet ten in height, stoutly built,
light hair and florid complexion.
JOHN I. NICKS.
This gentleman, the Senator from the Twenty-seventh,
recently elected to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna-
tion of Stephen T. Hatt, chosen Canal Commissioner,
comes into the Senate in the latter session of the term
without previous legislative experience. But the sterling
qualities which he is known to possess, will soon make him
as well appreciated here, as he has so long been, at home.
Senator Nicks was born at Rhinebeck, in Dutchess
county, in the year 1822. He is of English descent,
though, like most self-made Yankees, having been left at
an early age to fight his own way through life, he knows
little or nothing concerning his ancestors.
His advantages of early education were extremely limi-
ted ; a few months in the rude common school of the day
was all that he enjoyed. A necessity more immediately
pressing, than a brilliant, or even an ordinary education,
128 LIFE SKETCHES.
made imiDerative demand on his time and energies. He
must work — and so was apprenticed with Messrs. Near
& Hendkicks, at Red Hook, New York, to learn the art
and mystery of a tobacconist. He afterward, before he
was of age, carried on a little business in that line, in
Brooklyn, from whence he removed to Ithaca. At this
latter place, he was, for some time, foreman of a large
tobacco factory, and also carried on business for himself.
In 1847, he removed to Elmira, at which place there was
then no establishment of the kind. Mr. Nicks' resources
were small, and he opened business i^j a modest w^ay ; but
constant success, from the first, attended his enterprise.
For years past, his business has been larger than that of
any similar establishment in Southern New York. His
own material prosperity has increased with his business,
and, from a poor boy, he has become, at middle age, a man
of independent resources.
Mr. Nicks early took a promiraent interest in politics.
In 1844, he staked his all on Henry Clay, and lost. He
did not thereby lose his admiration for the great com-
moner, but he wisely concluded to make no more bets on
elections, and has consistently adhered to his determina-
tion ever since. The first political office held by Mr.
Nicks was that of Supervisor from the Second Ward in
the village of Elmira, in 1851, having been chosen by the
Whig party of that day. He was afterward, for several
terms, chosen Trustee of the village, also member of the
Board of Education, and Chief Engineer of the Fire
Department. In 1864, when Elmira was made a city, he
was the candidate of the Republican party, for Mayor,
but failed, by a few votes, of an election. In 1865, his
name was again used, and his election secured by an
unprecedented majority. In 1866, he was reelected by a
handsome vote, in spite of very determined opposition.
He is now invested with the dignities of that office, his
JOHN I. NICKS. 129
term expiring in March, 1867. In the prompt, intelligent
and satisfactory discharge of the duties of Mayor, he has
displayed his marked executive talent. Under his admin-
istration, numerous reforms and improvements have been
inaugurated, until the business matters of the city have
been reduced to the same thorough system which ever
characterizes the prudent management of his private
affairs.
In 1862, when the present internal revenue system was
inaugurated, Mr. JSTicks was appointed by President
Lincoln to the office of Assessor for the Twenty-seventh
District of New York. To the management of this office,
he brought the same characteristic ability which has
marked his discharge of every public as well as private
duty. Out of chaos, he produced system and order, and
ranked, at Washington, among the best officers of his
class, in the country. No decision of his was ever over-
ruled by the Department. The duties of this office ho
was quietly pursuing when Mr. Johnson commenced his
gyrations " around the circle." Mr. Nicks, like hundreds
of other Republican office-holders, was true to principle.
He kept on the even tenor of his way, pursuing precisely
the same course which he would have pursued under ordi-
nary circumstances. He neither courted martyrdom nor
hid from the wrath of the " powers that be." In August,
1866, after the adjournment of Congress, the Republicans
of Elmira invited their able and faithful Representative,
Hon. Hamilton Warp, to address them on the political
issues of the day, at Ely Hall. Over this meeting, Mr.
Nicks was invited to preside. On taking the chair, among
other remarks he made the following :
" Ladies AND Gentlemen : — You are all aware that I am now
filling a small office in the gift of the Government. But if to hold
that office I must sacrifice my principles, I say begone with the
office. I say to you, and desire it may be heard and understood
17
130 LIFE SKETCHES.
throughout the length and breadth of the land, that principle is,
and ever should be, above office. When I, in my boyhood, learned
to love that great man, Henry Clay, I was taught by him that it
was 'better to be right than President.' I say to you, ladies and
gentlemen, of this platform sent forth by Congress, that in looking
it over carefully, I feel that I can indorse every word of it. I feel
that it is asking but little of those men who have combined to
destroy our Government to submit to the policy of Congress. I
care not for the position in which this may place me, so long as
I feel that I am acting upon principle, fearless of all considera-
tions."
This was but a few days before the Philadelphia Con-
vention. Within a week, the head of Assessor Nicks
rolled in the basket. On the evening of the day of the
telegraphic announcement of this fact, the Republican
citizens of Ehnira, to the number of three or four thou-
sand, marched Avith music and banners, to the residence
of the Mayor, and saluted him in honor of his adherence
to principle. The demonstration was a spontaneous and
heartfelt expression of popular sentiment. A few days
afterward, when the office of Senator for the Twenty-
seventh District was made vacant by the resignation of
Canal Commissioner Hayt, the public voice suggested
Mr. Nicks as his successor. In the nominating Conven-
tion, held at Corning, each delegate from Chemung,
Steuben and Schuyler, as his name was called, rose in his
place and designated him as the candidate of their choice.
The nomination, thus made, was ratified by the people, by
a larger majority than was ever before received by any
candidate in the district.
In the discharge of the duties of this important station,
we predict that Senator Nicks will speedily achieve an
honorable rank among the eminent gentlemen with whom
he is now associated, doing his full share to preserve the
high character of the Senate.
JOHN o'doxnell. 131
Senator Nicks is a member of the same Committees as
was his predecessor — those of Canjils, Grievances, and
Retrenchment.
JOHN O'DONNELL
Senator O'Donnell is a native of Fort Ann, Wash-
ing county. New York, where he was born, in 1827. His
father was of Irish birth, and his mother an American
woman. His opportunities for education were limited to
the District School, at which, until fourteen years of age,
he enjoyed the ordinary advantages, which extended no
further than reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar and
geography. Whatever else he has acquired (and he is a
man of excellent information) is through judicious reading
and careful observation.
In early life, he removed to Lyme, Jefferson county, and
in 1849, settled in Lowville, Lewis county, where he
now resides. Here he commenced trade, at first in the
line of clothing, but afterward as a general merchant;
and, by earnest and careful attention to business, gradually
extended his means, and acquired the confidence and
respect of his fellow citizens. He subsequently purchased
the site of two corner lots, in the most central and eligible
point for business in the village, and erected large and
commodious blocks of buildings, extending along both
streets, which have added greatly to the business facilities
of the place. Within a year or two, he has withdrawn
from trade, as a successful merchant.
Mr. O'Donnell is known at home, as a man of great
energy and perseverance, and seldom undertakes an enter-
prise without carrying it through. It is understood among
132 LIFE SKETCHES.
his friends, that he has been reading law for the last two
years, and that he designs to be admitted to the Bar.
In 1864, he was on the Republican State Committee,
a delegate to the Baltimore Convention, which renominated
President Lincoln, and a member of Assembly from
Lewis county. In that body, lie served as Chairman of
the Committee on the Internal Affairs of Towns and
Counties, and was noted for the diligent attention he
bestowed upon the interests of his constituents, and upon
all measures of the public Avelfare He obtained, in various
appropriations for Lewis county, for building a bridge,
lock and dam, on Black river, and for the improvement
of Beaver river, over fifty thousand dollars ; also, secured
the passage of an act removing the Court House from
Martinsburgh to Lowville ; and was the author of an
act of great importance to the dairy interests of the
State : — " To protect butter and cheese manufactories ; "
and was complimented by the Speaker for carrying
througli every bill which he attempted.
In 1865, he was elected Senator for the Eighteenth Dis-
trict (Lewis and Jefferson), against Andeew Cornwall,
the Democratic candidate, and succeeding Hon. James A.
Bell. He is Chairman of the Senatorial Committee upon
Internal Affairs of Towns and Counties, and a member of
the Committee upon Insurance, and upon Public Expendi-
ture. Mr. O'DoNNELL reported the New York Excise
Bill, and was active in securing its passage through the
Senate ; he was the author of the bill to protect " Primary
Meetings, Caucuses and Conventions of Political Parties;"
also of the bill to divide the safety fund of $80,000, remain-
ing in the Bank Department, among the bill-holders of
the Lewis County, Yates County, and Reciprocity Banks,
resulting in a payment of nearly fifty per cent to the bill-
holders. During the campaign of 1 866, he was very active,
and spoke some forty times, at political meetings, held by
THOMAS PARSONS. 133
appointment of the State Committee. As n public speaker,
-Senator O'Donnell is energetic, fluent and argumentative,
seldom failing to fix the attention of a political opponent,
and always leaving the impression, that he is correct and
conscientious in his views.
THOMAS PARSONS
In Senator Paksons is seen a good illustration of
success in life gained over unfavorable circumstances
and surroundings. Seldom in any other country than
our own, can humble parentage and the hinderances of
poverty be overcome, and wealth, position and influence
be attained. "What wonder, then, that they who in the
old motherland see before them only a future of dreary
toil and miserable return, seek our hospitable shores,
knowing that under the freedom of Republican govern-
ment, the future promises all things to him who puts
forth earnest endeavor ?
Senator Parsons was born in Chieveley, Berkshire,
England, January 7th, 1814. His parents were both
English. A common school education was afibrded him,
until his fourteenth year, when he engaged as a shepherd.
Four years of his youth were spent in this lowly occupa-
tion ; and then came a desire for a difierent field of labor.
Actuated by this, he emigrated to America in the year
1832, leaving England, in advance of his parents. By
some means, he was led to the garden of the Empire
State, commonly spoken of, in. those days, as "the
Genesee Country," and hired out as a farm hand, in
the town of Wheatland, Monroe county. Here he labored
at chopping cord-wood, husking corn, and performing the
134 LIFE SKETCHES.
various services incident to farm life, for the very modest
remuneration of seven dollars per month. About four-
years more were thus spent, and at the end of that time,
he went to Rochester, where he has since continued to
reside most of the time. He is now a manufacturer of
lumber doing a large milling business in that line. His
mill is located near the brink of the beautiful Genesee
Falls ; and there, during business hours, he may be gen-
erally found, busily engaged in overseeing employes, &c.
In the years 1851, '52, '53, '54, '57, and '58, Senator
Parsons was a member of the Common Council of the
" Flour City," being elected Alderman by the Democratic
party, with which he was then identified. Having done
excellent service in that capacity, he was, in 1857, elected
to the Assembly, where he made a good record as an
efficient, straightforward representative. He severed his
connection with the Democratic party, in the summer of
1860, sustaining the nomination of Abraham Lincoln.
His election to the Senate, was the result of an unusually
bitter canvass, in which Amon Bronson, Conservative
Republican, nominated by the Democrats, was defeated
by a majority of six hundred.
Senator Parsons occupies a good position as a legis-
lator. He is a member of the Canal Committee, and also
of the Committees on Engrossed Bills, and Privileges and
Elections. He is a close observer of the proceedings of
the Senate, and brings into legislative business the same
careful consideration which has insured his success in the
every-day transactions of life. Possessed of good sound
common sense — a requisite with which all politicians are
not gifted — he weighs well his actions, and is always
prudent and thoughtfuL, and thoroughly watchful over the
interests of his constituents. The great commercial con-
cerns of the State receive his constant and unceasing care;
the canals more especially, find in him a zealous protector.
HENRY K. PIERSON. 135
111 person, Senator Parsons is about five feet eiglit
inches in height, broad-shouldered,' and has a well-
balanced head. His address is pleasant, and his manner
courteous, but decisive. He is social, open-hearted and
approachable ; and though a good talker, he makes little
pretension to oratorical display, and seldom takes up much
time in debate ; his remarks, however, command attention
for their earnest directness.
HENRY R. PIERSON.
The Senator for the Second District, is one of those
men who, by self-reliance and force of character, achieve
a measure of success, of which others, more favored by
fortune, come short. He was born in Charleston, Mont-
gomery county, New York, June 13th, 1819. His parents
were poor, and he inherited from them nothing but an
unblemished name, and those elemental qualities which
enabled him to make his way to an honorable position.
His early opportunities for acquiring an education were
only those afforded by the ordinary course of common
school instruction. At the age of twenty-one, being
thrown on his own resources, he left home. Determined
to secure for himself a liberal education, he labored indus-
triously, and by teaching school, and with trifling outside
aid, at length attained the object of his ambition. He
entered Union College, in 1843, and graduated in July,
1846, with full honors. Choosing the law as a profession,
he removed to New York, in 1847. The perseverance
that had helped him thus far, aided him in surmounting
new obstacles in a crowded city, where he found him-
self, without fortune, friends, or influence. His zeal and
136 LIFE SKETCHES.
ability were such that he was admitted to the Bar, in
May, 1 848. He at once engaged in active practice, and sub-
sequently formed a partnership with Hon. Abijah Mann,
which continued several years. In 1849, he removed
to Brooklyn. In that city, where he has since resided, he
immediately interested himself in public affairs, and soon
became a prominent and influential citizen. Originally a
Whig, he has been identified with the Republican Union
party, since its organization. The first official position
held by him, was that of member of the Board of Educa-
tion. He was ai:>pointed to that position by the Mayor
and Aldermen, in 1854, and served until 1857. Important
interests are intrusted to the management of the Board
of Education, and, in the discharge of his share of the
duty, Mr. Pierson fully recognized the responsibility of
the trust. He was reappointed in 1860, and is still a
member of the Board. In 1857, he was elected Alderman
of the Third Ward. Until 1860, he represented that ward
in the Common Council, to the entire satisfaction of a
large, wealthy, and intelligent constituency. His position
in the local legislature was one of commanding influence ;
and, for a year and a half, he was President of the Board
of Aldermen. In 1857, he was the Republican candidate
for State Senator for the Second District, and was defeated
by the Democratic candidate, Mr.' Gardiner, by about
forty votes. Irregularities, amounting in some instances
to positive fraud, were alleged to have occurred in connec-
tion with the election, and Mr. Pierson was urged by his
political friends to contest the seat. He, however, declined
to do so, preferring to owe senatorial honors to the will
of the people, clearly expressed in a majority vote, rather
than to a technical question of regularity. In 1865, that
will was thus expressed, by a handsome majority, in a
district usually regarded as close and doubtful. In that
year, Mr. Pierson was elected over Calvin E. Prati', the
HENRY E. PIERSON. 137
Democratic candidate, by a majority of 1,097. In 1863,
the Democratic majority in the district was 1,068. In
1860, Mr. PiERSOJsr retired from the active jDractice of his
profession, and Avas chosen President of the Brooklyn
City Raih'oad Company, an office which he still fills. The
position is one demanding, from an incumbent, much
executive ability, which Mr. Pierson has abundantly
developed. During the six years of his Presidency, the
business of the numerous roads controlled by the Com-
pany, has largely increased ; and, while the stockholders
have reason to be satisfied with the management of aflTairs,
the accommodation provided for a very numerous and
rapidly augmenting population, is superior to that afforded
at any previous period. Mr. Pierson is of large frame,
and portly presence, and is full of healthful vitality. Of
a genial temper, warm social qualities, and good address,
he is that rare and fortunate individual — a popular man.
As a debater, Mr. Pierson holds a good rank, rejecting,
however, ostentation and rhetorical ornament. He lays
down his propositions plainly and concisely, and discusses
them both vigorously and correctly,
18
MOSS KENT PLATT,
Senator Platt was born May 3d, 1809, in Plattsburgh,
a town situated on Lake Champlain, receiving its name
from his grandflither Judge Zepheniaii Platt, who
moved there from Poughkeepsie at an early day, when
the country was a comparative wilderness, and who was
one of the original proprietors of the town. Of Judge
Platt's nine sons, five made Plattsburgh their permanent
home. The only one now living is Hon. James Platt, of
Oswego.
William Pitt Platt, father of Senator Platt, married
Hannah Kent, the only sister of Chancellor Kent. Mrs.
Platt was a woman of superior intellect and mental cul-
ture. The writer has often heard her relate amusing and
interesting incidents connected with her bridal trip down
Lake Champlain, when the only mode of conveyance was
an open row-boat, and the journey, now performed in a
few hours during the season of navigation, occupied three
weeks. This long and tedious journey was, in a measure,
relieved by her ardent appreciation of the wild beauty of
scenery, Avhich has charmed thousands of travelers, since
that time. Her fine countenance — charming even in old
age, and while suffering from total loss of sight — would
glow with animation as she related the impression made
on her mind when her eye first rested upon the grand
mountain ranges that skirt the borders of this beautiful
lake. The home to which farmer Platt conducted his
beautiful young bride, was on the point of land running
out into the lake, called Cumberland Head, in sight of
which, occurred the naval engagement of the 11th of Sep-
tember, 1814. On a bright Sabbath morning, she landed,
accompanied by her husband and colored servants, and
MOSS KENT PLATT. 139
took possession of the Log Cabin prepared for her
reception.
Senator Platt's father iDlaced him in a store, at the age
of fourteen, where he remained until he was twenty-one.
At that period he entered into active mercantile business,
and continued in it, seventeen years. In 1847, he was
induced to engage in manufacturing iron, on the Saranac
river which abounds in rich mines of ore. These mines
are situated west of the flourishino: villaoje of Plattsburs^h.
Mr. Platt soon perceived that the rough roads of the
country were serious obstacles to the successful prosecu-
tion of business in that region. He immediately entered
into a project for constructing a plank road. It was suc-
cessfully carried through, and it has added greatly to the
business of Plattsburgh ; it is, moreover, the only avenue
of communication with Clinton Prison, in the good man-
agement of which he has always taken a lively interest ;
and it is with no small degree of satisfaction that he finds
that his favorite plan of manufacturing iron by convict
labor, proves profitable to the State.
In 1851, the Legislature aj)propriated $10,000 to improv-
ing the channel of the Saranac river. Mr. Platt Avas
appointed one of the Commissioners to expend the money.
This expenditure has proved of great value ; the money
has been returned tenfold to the State, in tolls on the
Champlain Canal, and has opened a wilderness, now
rapidly being settled, which must otherwise have remained
uninhabited for many generations.
In 1852, Senator Platt was induced by urgent
entreaties, to engage in a project for constructing a rail-
road from Plattsburgh to the Canada line, in conjunction
with an effort made by gentlemen of Montreal to build a
road from that city to the same point, thereby shortening
the distance from Montreal to Plattsburgh, twenty-five
miles. Mr. Platt was immediately chosen director in the
140 LIFE SKETCHES.
company formed to carry out the work, and entered into
it with the vigor and activity so characteristic of him,
never relaxing his efforts until the enterprise was pushed
through to comj)letion. He has had charge of this road
for the last ten years, and is now earnestly engaged in its
extension to Whitehall, on the west side of the lake.
When completed, it will give an almost air-line com-
munication between Montreal and New York, and save
fifty miles of travel over any other route between the
two cities.
Mr. Platt is not easily turned aside from the object he
has in view, and he meets all difficulties with a determina-
tion to overcome them. His integrity and unswerving
fidelity to every trust are well understood, and his kind-
ness of heart has won for him the title of " Friend to the
Poor." It may not be amiss to say that he has, from early
life, sustained an unblemished religious character.
In the fall of 1865, Mr. Platt was put in nomination
for Senator against Hon. Winslow C. Watsoiv', over
whom he was elected by a majority of fifteen hundred.
Owing to his popularity he ran very much ahead of his
ticket. During the session of 1866, he introduced and
carried through the Plattsburgh and Whitehall Railroad
Bill, which was vetoed, however, by Governor Fenton :
through his exertions a similar bill has been passed by the
Senate, during the present session, and ably sustained by
him in an effective speech.
He is a member of the Committees on Railroads, and
State Prisons, and is Chairman of the Committee on
Retrenchment.
Senator Platt is emphatically a working man, and
when he retires from his duties in the Senate Chamber, he
will have the consciousness of knowing that he has left
nothing undone to advance the interests of his constit-
uents, and the welfare of the State.
WALTER L. SESSIONS.
Mr. Sessions belongs to that class of men who have
worked their way upward, in spite of adverse circum-
stances. Of humble parentage, he has made for himself a
reputation which may well be envied by many of those
who have had all the appliances of wealth and influence
to aid them. He was born in Brandon, Rutland county,
Vermont, October 4th, 1820. His father was a farmer, of
small means ; but, having a family of five boys, he resolved
to sell his farm, and to purchase a larger one, on which
they could all find plenty to do, and thus add to their
mutual support. He carried out his plan in 1835, and
removed to Clymer, Chautauqua county, New York,
where he took a contract for a farm, in an unbroken wil-
derness, from the Holland Land Company. There cer-
tainly were no surroundings which could excite the
ambition of any boy. The rudely constructed home;
the rough implements for clearing lands and cultivating
them ; the lack of decorations from the hand of art ; the
hundred voices of the forests, which repeatedly told
the story of the solitude around ; and the midnight stars
which looked down upon the home remote from the noisy
hum of active business life ; all these were the associations
which hung around his childhood. But there is a voice
which speaks to the soul alone : mortal ear cannot hear it ;
but its accents are as winning as that of an houri, calling
the inexperienced nature to come up through the flinty
gorges of poverty and obscurity, to a higher plane of life.
And who shall say that the youth, Walter, did not hear
that voice, through his days of toil ? But he never forgot
his filial duties ; whatever aspirations he may have enter-
tained in his secret thoughts, he remained with his father
142 LIFE SKETCHES.
and brothers until he was nineteen, and assisted in clearing
land, in order to bring it under cultivation ; and, at other
times, worked out by the month, and gave his Avages to
his father, to help pay for the land which he had pur-
chased. During this time, he was occasionally engaged in
running lumber down the Allegany and Ohio rivers, to
Cincinnati and Louisville. On some of these expeditions
he often met with many adventures, both exciting and
dangerous, which served to lighten his laborious duties.
In 1839, Mr. Sessions was sent by his father to Avon,
Livingston county, to work by the month, where he could
get higher wages than he could command in Chautauqua
county. During that year he worked for Captain Shel-
don, of Avon, being engaged in farming, and drawing
stone to the Genesee Yalley canal, and in working on the
canal locks. The two following years, he worked for Cap-
tain George Root and Mr. Stocking. Li October, 1841,
having attained his majority, he determined to acquire a
good education. Thus far, his life had been spent in
almost unremitting labor. From the age of' thirteen to
twenty-one, he had attended school only eighteen days.
This was not owing to any penuriousness of his fither,
but because necessity demanded that the boys should aid
in paying the debts of the farm, and in supporting the
family. Young Sessions practiced the most scrupulous
economy during his minority. While working at Avon,
which was one hundred and fifty miles from his home,
whenever he visited his parents, he always walked, taking
five days to perform the journey.
Having arrived at manhood, he saw the necessity and
advantage of acquiring knowledge. He did not think
that man was a mere labor-machine, with no motive
beyond the attainment of sustenance ; but he believed
that in order to rise to the highest rank of develojDment,
intelligence should be coupled with toil. Therefore, in the
WALTER L. SESSIONS. 143
month of November, 1841, he began to attend a select
school, taught by a graduate of Hamilton College. In
the spring of 1842, he entered the Academy at Westfield,
Chautauqua county, where he continued his studies until
June, 1844, excepting, that during the months of haying
and harvesting, he worked on the farm, and taught school,
three months during each winter, thus earning money
enough to pay for his board and tuition at school. While
teaching, he improved his spare time in reading Black-
stone ; and, on the 20th of March, 1845, began the study
of law in the office of Judge Lewis, Panama, New York,
and continued with him until June, 1849, when he was
admitted to practice in the Supreme Court. During all
the time, from his entrance to the Academy until his
admission to the Bar, the only assistance which he
received was five dollars from his father, given" him in
1842.
While teaching, and studying law, Mr. Sessions was
several times elected Superintendent of Common Schools.
From that time to this, he has taken a deep interest in the
elevation and improvement of the schools of the State.
Mr. Sessions formerly adhered closely to the Whig party,
until the dissolution of that organization, when he joined
the Republican party. As a Whig, he was twice elected
to the Assembly, and was Chairman of the Committee on
Ways and Means in the House of 1854. He was elected
to the Senate in 1859, and was made Chairman of the
Committee on Finance; being reelected in 1865, he was
again appointed Chairman of the same Committee.
Mr. Sessions enjoys a high degree of confidence from
his party throughout the State. Considerate of the rights
and feelings of others, he wins respect, and wields an influ-
ence worthy of the ambition of any honorable and aspiring
man. Patriotic in his impulses and principles, he freely
spent his time and money in promoting the interests of his
144 LIFE SKETCHES.
country during its recent struggle. His energy and
directness of purpose, ready and general intelligence,
and his persuasive and extemporaneous manner of speak-
ing, are qualifications which are completely at his command.
Being thoroughly informed with reference to State affairs,
and being an industrious worker, Mr. Sessions makes his
legislative services of great value to the people whom he
represents.
CHARLES STANFORD
Senator Stanford was born on the 26th day of April,
1819, in the town of Watervliet, Albany county. New York,
His father, Josiah Stanford, a native of New England,
early settled in that town. During his long life he was
distinguished for his integrity, energy of character, and
intelligence. He was both a farmer and contractor. He
died in 1862, widely known and lamented. Of six sons,
five are still living, three in California, one in Australia,
and one the subject of this sketch. After receiving a
common school education, young Stanford further prose-
cuted his studies at the Prattstown Academy, in Steuben
county, and in the Clinton Liberal Institute, in Oneida
county. Leaving school, the future Senator devoted his
time to the assistance of his father upon the farm, and in
the prosecution of his various contracts. In 1844, he took
a large contract upon his own responsibility, in the city
of Albany, to grade the ravine then known as the Hudson
street hollow. This enterprise proving a success, was fol-
lowed by contracts upon the Pittsfield and North Adams,
and the Hudson River Railroads. While engaged upon
the Hudson River Railroad, an incident occurred, bringing
CHARLES STANFORD. 145
out the characteristics of the man, and the qualities which
have given him success in the workl. Owing to sharp
competition, the contracts were all taken low. After a
partial performance, nearly all the other contractors aban-
doned their contracts, and the railroad company informed
Mr. Stanford that he would be permitted to abandon his.
His reply was, "I take no contracts to throw up;" and
he finished his work, making a fair profit, where the others
predicted a loss.
In 1850, he went to California, then just opening its
gates of golden promise to the world. His brothers,
either accompanied or soon followed him. In connection
with, we believe, three of them, he founded a commercial
house, which soon rose to be one of the largest and
wealthiest upon the Pacific coast. The firm of Stanford
Brothers, then first organized, still exists, the Senator
remaining at its head. Neither disastrous fires, nor finan-
cial panics, have disturbed its solidity, though a loser by
both. It has established branches in different parts of
California. In 1859, in connection with two of his
brothers, he established a large commercial house in Mel-
bourne, Australia, and soon after, branches in Sidney and
New Zealand. The trade of these several houses is very
large. One of his brothers, the Hon. Leland Stanford,
was elected Governor of the State of California, in 1861,
and held the office for two years. He is the President of
the Central Pacific Railroad, now being rapidly con-
structed, and soon about to form the extreme western link
of the great chain of railroads across the continent.
In 1854, the interests of his firm requiring that one of
its members should reside near New York city, Mr. Stan-
ford returned to the State of New York, and, in 1861,
took up his residence in Schenectady county, purchasing
a large farm in the town of Niskayuna, where he has since
resided. In 1863, he was elected by the Republican part}*"
146 LIFE SKETCHES.
to represent his county in the Assembly. He was a
member of the Committees on Public Lands and Public
Printing. He was again elected in 1864, and was made
Chairman of the responsible Committee on Railroads.
He was chosen a delegate to the Baltimore Convention in
1864, and voted for the renomination of President Lin-
coln". In the fall of 1865, he was prevailed upon to accept
the Republican nomination for Senator of the Fourteenth
District. This district was composed of Schenectady,
Schoharie and Delaware counties, and, according to the
previous elections, was largely Democratic. He was
elected, however, by a majority of 1,614. This result
was as gratifying to the friends of Mr. Stanfokd, as it was
unexpected to his opponents. During this campaign,
he established the Schenectady Daily Union: he still
remains its proprietor. It is one of the handsomest daily
papers in the State, is conducted with enterprise and
talent, having done much to change the county of Schen-
ectady from one of doubtful politics, to a Republican
stronghold.
Mr. Stanford is now in the prime of life. He is a man
of robust and portly frame, fine presence, and an easy
dignity of manner. In the Senate, he is a working, rather
than a talking member. He is a member of the Commit-
tees on Commerce and Navigation, Agriculture, and the
Erection and Division of Towns and Counties, being
chairman of the latter committee. It need hardly be said
that he is a man of strong common sense, great energy of
character, firmness of purpose, and untiring industry.
With him obstacles are the things to be surmounted, not
hinderances to advancement. A conviction that a measure
is right, secures for it his support ; and though the mea-
sure may, for the moment, be unpopular, his support of it
is none the less zealous ; he is willing to wait for justice.
To his other qualities he adds an integrity that is unques-
EDMUND G. SUTHERLAND. 147
tioned, and a private character above reproach. The
schemes of corruption which are but too frequently the
objects of legislative favor, find in Mr. Stanford neither
advocate nor friend. Too rich to desire a bribe, and too
honest to take one, he is a good type of the public servant,
whom the State can illy spare.
EDMUND G. SUTHERLAND,
Mr. Sutherland is Senator from the Eighth District.
He was born in the town of Plymouth, Chenango county,
in this State. His father, Silas Sutherland, was a native
of Vermont, of Scotch descent ; he held a commission in
the volunteer forces of this State, in the war of 1812, and
served on the northern frontier under General Gaines ; at
the sortie from Fort Erie, he was wounded in the left arm
by a piece of a bomb shell. His grandfather, John
Sutherland, was a millwright, and built the mills on
Otter Creek, in Rutland county, Vermont, known as
" Sutherland's Mills."
His mother was a native of New England, of English
Puritan descent ; and her father, Philemon Tiffany, was
at the battle of Bunker Hill, and served in the ranks of
the army till the close of the Revolutionary struggle.
Owing to the limited circumstances of his family,
Senator Sutherland was not favored with those facilities
for an early education which are within the reach of the
more favored youths of the present day, and was forced
to content himself with the scanty instruction imparted at
district schools, at -interrupted intervals, in Tompkins,
Cortland, Monroe and Madison counties, where his parents
successively resided, these schools being generally kept in
148 LIFE SKETCHES.
log school houses, which distinguished that section of our
State, at that day. In 1830-31, he attended the winter
tenn of the Polytechnic Academy at Chittenaugo, and,
" graduating " in the spring entered the printing office
of the Troy Statesman, a weekly political j^'^^per which
was then started by a half-brother, Thomas Jefferson
Sutherland, Avho in 1838 figured somewhat conspicuously
in the Canadian " Patriot war." The publication of the
Statesman was continued but one year; after which
time the young printer Avent to North Adams, Berkshire
county, Mass., and worked for another year in the printing
office of the Berkshire Advocate, a- National Republican
paper. This paper also, like many similar enterprises of
that description, sank to premature decay ; and the pro-
prietor, preferring the free State of New York to the
"imprisonment for debt " statutes of Massachusetts, made a
secret assignment of the Advocate and its assets to his
printer and another creditor. Doctor Elihu S. Hawks, and
left for tliis State, leaving behind a batch of personal
and ill-natured editorial and other articles, for the forth-
coming issue of the "Advocate," which was duly put
to press under the imposing firm name of " Hawks &
Sutherland, Assignees." In justice to Doctor Hawks, it
should be said he was not consulted as to the character of
the contents of this issue. The edition was only partly
worked off and sent out, when that usually quiet little
village was thrown into considerable excitement; the
establishment was taken abrupt possession of by Doctor
Hawks and his friends, the junior "partner" put under
arrest for libel, and the columns of the Advocate, charged
with censure and invective, turned upon the late but
absconded editor. The excitement partially died away in
a few days, and the complaint was dropped ; the printer,
a youth of nineteen, not being held to account for the acts
of the real offender.
EDMUND G. SUTHERLAND. 149
In the fall of 1834, Mr. Sutherland went to Haver-
straw, Rockland county, N". Y., and 'worked in the office
of the North River Times — a paper started in the
interest of the Whig party, which was then organized
by a fusion of the National Republican and Anti-Masonic
parties. He remained there, in the mixed capacities of
journeyman, foreman, and proof-reader, for two years, at
the end of which time (in the fall of 183C) he sailed for
New Orleans, where he worked on the New Orleans
Observer, a weekly Presbyterian publication, the office of
which was burned, on the 1st of January, 1837; then on
the True American, and read proof, as an occasional pas-
time, for George W. Kendall who was the chief writing
editor of the New Orleans Picayune, which was started
that winter by Kendall & Lumsden. In the mean time,
he was induced to become interested^ with three other
young men, in fitting out one of the first vessels (a sloop)
which sailed for Galveston on the conclusion of the
armistice between Mexico and Texas, with a cargo of
groceries and provisions, which proved to be a profitable
venture ; a second cargo was sent to Houston, with a like
result. In the latter part of May, he returned North, by
steamers, up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, to Louisville,
and Cincinnati, crossing through Ohio, by way of Colum-
bus, and over the Alleganies, down to Baltimore by stage-
coach; and, in the fall of 1837, accepted the situation
of foreman in the office of the Hudson River Chronicle,
then being started by the late Alexander H. Wells, at
Sing Sing, Westchester county. This situation he held
till the spring of 1840, when, Mr. Wells having been
appointed Surrogate of the county, he purchased Mr.
Wells' undivided interest in the paper, partly on account
of arrears of wages due, and published it till 1844, selling
his interest so acquired therein to James B. Swain. la
the summer and fall of that year, in the interest of his
150 LIFE SKETCHES.
friends, he published a campaign paper, called The Pro-
tector, which supported the nomination of Henry Clay,
for the Presidency.
In 1843 and '44, Mr. Sutherland read law in the office
of Messrs. Ward & Lockwood, though he never followed
the legal profession. On the 1st of May, 1845, he estab-
lished the Eastern. State Journal, at White Plains, which
he has continued to publish, as a Democratic paper, to the
present time, and which is the leading Democratic organ
of Westchester county, and yields a handsome income.
During the first eleven months of this publication, he had
associated with him his half-brother, General Thomas Jef-
ferson Sutherland, now deceased. In 1853 and '54, Mr.
Sutherland held the office of Superintendent of Common
Schools for the town of White Plains.
He was elected member of Assembly from the Second
District of Westchester in 1856, and was a member of the
Printing Committee and also of the Select Committee
on Census, at the session of 1857. The following year, he
was returned to that body, in which he was Chairman of
the Committee on State Prisons, and was a member of the
Committee on Railroads.
At the annual session of the Board of Supervisors of the
county of Westchester, in 1858, he was elected Clerk of the
Board, and reelected for three successive years. In 1862, he
was elected Supervisor of the town of White Plains, and
successively reelected, holding the office to the present time.
He was Chairman of the Board in 1863, '64 and ^65. The
duties of the office of Supervisor were onerous and respon-
sible during the continuance of the late war; and the
raising and disbursing of moneys to fill the town's quotas
of men for the United States service, in order to avoid
the necessity of drafts, and the care and distribution of
moneys to the families of volunteers, were duties dis-
charged to the satisfaction of all. He has frequently been
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. 151
Bent as a Delegate to Democratic State Conventions, since
1850, and was a member of the Democratic State Com-
mittee, in 1862.
Mr. Sutherland was elected to the present Senate in
1865, and was appointed on the Committees on Railroads,
State Prisons, and Printing, which places he now holds.
He is a gentleman of commanding appearance and fine
social qualities ; is a cool and discreet politician, true to his
party, possessing much tenacity of purpose, and conse-
quently exercises a controlling influence in the political
affairs of his county and senatorial district. Mr. Suther-
land is one of the five Democrats in the Senate.
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE
Mr. White is one of the youngest members of the
Senate, and, in the influence fairly won by him in strength
of view of the questions of chiefest interest in the pro-
gress of the times, typifies the rule of young men to
which public opinion is framing itself. He was born in
the village of Homer, in the county of Cortland, Novem-
ber 7th, 1832. His family were of those who came thence
from New England, bringing with them its sagacity, its
power of adaptation to the circumstances of a new
country, and that vigor which goes upward with the
advance of the community in which they dwell.
In 1839, Mr. White's father, Horace White, Esq.,
removed to Syracuse, and became the Cashier of the Bank
of Syracuse. He made himself one of that city's most
prominent and influential citizens, winning opulence by the
power of sagacious judgment and energetic acts, identi-
fying himself with its good name, attached to good men
152 LIFE SKETCHES.
and good objects in its midst ; and, with all this, sensible,
to a degree seldom known in the walks of private life, of
the full worth and value of all that belongs to a trained,
thorough completeness of education ; a judgment and a
taste wiiich he made practical in the culture which he
bestowed on his son, the subject of this sketch ; and that
son's success and honors, and his position and the respect
and confidence of his fellow men, have worked out the
full measure of his father's rcAvard.
His son passed through a variety of schools. The
Academies of Syracuse, Ballston and Moravia, gave him
the pre-collegiate training. The study he pu.rsued at the
latter, was parenthetical between his collegiate life, com-
ing after a year at Hobart, and just before his residence at
Yale.
The colleges, both of them, made their depth of impres-
sion upon Mr. White's thought. President Hale was a
man that met all the difficulties of his position — and they
were, in his day, formidable — with the energy, and with
the good way and will of a kindly scholar. He liad occa-
sion for firmness, and he used it. He had a love for tlie
beautiful, and he led the way to it. It has been Mr.
White's most grateful duty to utter words of graceful
eulogy over the grave of this scholar, and he gladly
availed himself of the opportunity.
At Yale, Mr. White found all the educational facilities
Avhich an accumulated opulence of endowment can furnish,
and under these influences, men are independent, and
avouch a truth, or adhere to it for its own sake. The
scliolar has his true relation with his teacher. Whoever
went to Yale, willing to learn, found the facility; who
went there evidencing the Avill and the capacity, found
at once the assistance and the trial. Prizes were gained,
not given. A student must show that the power was in
him, or the keen ordeal would soon eiface hope of success.
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. l6&
Yale College has greatly advanced in the last years, but it
was, at the day of Mr. White's student life, a College far
in the front. It had not the precise scholarship of Harvard,
when a nicety of position of a doctrine would be argued,
even if the doctrine itself was but a secondary one, when
established in its very place. There is an ideal in some
scholarship which is fastidious of rule, and text, and tra-
dition. Yale sought to grasp boldness, even if the grasp
must needs afterward be relaxed, for better siuiilitude to
usage. It had a free thought in its substance, even at that
period when it was thronged by those who, from their geo-
graphical position, and their sectional heresies, were found
against that judgment of the true status of man, which
the events of our own day have made an universal truth.
The love toward learning was developed in Mr. White in
the training of Yale. He received its impress," and he
left honorable memories — memories which more than lin-
ger there yet, and which, but recently, most honorably to
Yale and to its alumnus, reasserted themselves. Its con-
tests for honors found Mr. White successful in so many
instances, that his record in Yale may not be omitted in
any just delineation of his career. Upon the theme of the
" Greater Distinctions in Statesmanship," he won the Yale
Literary gold medal, open to the entire College, and the
Clauk prize of the Junior Class, for his essay upon the
"True Basis of Citizenship in the Republic ;" and the De
Forest gold medal, in the senior class, for the oration
upon the " Diplomatic History of Modern Times." These
utterances were not lightly heard, for they touched those
themes which were the breathings of the great voice,
which have been left to our own day to proclaim so that
the nations hear.
There is at Yale, the institution of a magazine embody-
ing the current thought — giving home to the literature
of the College — the threshold -over which many bright
20
154 LIFE SKETCHES.
hearts step timidly, before they walk thereafter in power.
Of this, he was chosen Editor, and so continued until
the day of his graduation. His election was opposed.
There was in him, it was said, opinions that questioned
whether a slave-holding republic, was not, in itself, a denial
of itself. He had not consented to all compromises. He
had believed that whatever older men might seek of calm-
ness— preferences of the prosperous to the perilous, he
must believe in the truth of the education he was receiving,
and deny the attempted synonym, that American slavery
was but another term for American liberty — nor did he
seek to escape this charge ; and in their belief of his truth,
or his independence, or his ability, or all three of them, his
fellow-students elected him — and an election by young
men is worth something. They are not often mistaken in
their associates of every hour.
When it came to the exercises of the Commencement
Day, he selected the theme of " Modern Oracles," and
made the wise illustration of what John Quincy Adams
had said. Whoever will read what that most distin-
guished man did say, in the clearness of his vision, when
the door of Texas was to be opened through the aggres-
sions which Southern men made, will see that his words
were like those of an Oracle. Mr. White could not have
made a more accurate selection. The prophet lived not
to see the morning hour of the revolution, for which his
courage had been the very life ; but this country can never
forget his truth of judgment, as to the event. Of course
there was a division of sentiment, at New Haven, whether
Mr. White was just or prudent in his course, but he won
friendships among the Scholars there, which are yet in all
their kindly force.
The same care for the thoroughness of education, gave
Mr. White, so soon, as he left college, the opportunity of
visiting Europe ; and he transferred his studies, during the
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. 155
three years that he remained there, to the University of
Berlin, and the College of France. The elaborate scholar-
ship of the Old World is a good exercise for the young
mind of America. It teaches what a new country is so
slow to learn, — the value of patience. We are a people
who cannot bear the idea of waiting during three hundred
years, to build our St. Peter's. It must, from foundation to
cross, be built " in our day." Not so does Europe tell the
scholar. He must learn thoroughly so that he shall know
accurately. All these words it is well for the American
student to hear. They were heard and weighed, and
remembered by Mr. White. To this added intellectual
training, he gave the result of an extended tour all over
Europe, with the episode of a diplomatic service, as
attache to the legation of Gov. Seymour, of Connecti-
cut, then representing this country at St. Petersburgh.
That was the day of European war, of terrible struggle
over the key to the East (so soon again to disturb the
world). Then, while wielding the power of his great
armies, the Emperor died ; and in the train of this event,
which startled all Europe, came the splendor of the cor-
ronation of Alexander II, with its gorgeous ceremonial,
blending the grandeur of both continents, and, in itself, an
era in Russian history. Of all this, Mr. White was a
spectator, and this chapter in man's theory and practice of
power was attentively studied by him, as by a thoughtful
and appreciative man. Mr. White described these scenes.
The narration he gave of them, was read in this country in
wide circulation ; and, as it was a European and an Orien-
tal pageant in the delineation of an American, it had
deserved popularity.
He returned home in 1856; and, accepting the pleasant
memories of former days of student life, he went again to
New Haven, studying law and history. It was at that
time that a very pleasant incident reminded him of his
156 LIFE SKETCHES.
home. His reputation had established itself there, and he
who wins the voice of the home life, conquers prejudices
and establishes character.
New Haven was not content with a cold system of
theoretical education, touching the intellect only. Tliere
had arisen there, and been in practice, a system of care for
the poor both of city and county, which in its workings
had attracted the attention of the city of Syracuse. It
bore the name of the Brewster plan. Mr. White was
selected to make such investigation of it as would give
access to its work. He did so, and his report received pub-
lication. That for this duty, which in its nature required
accuracy of judgment, so that the sympathies should not
go beyond their line — a work which was so likely to be
affected by attachment to an old policy or rashness in
innovation — that Mr. White was selected by the city of
his boyhood for this, those who know what is included in
local difficulties of estimation, knew the honor was solid
and valuable.
For the study of history Mr. White showed his taste.
He wrote of it. He reviewed and deliberated, and
analyzed. He grasped the large labors of the scholars
Avho had written the World-History and the Universal
History, receiving their bias and direction, as the German
or the Italian mind delineated.
It was an honor, indeed, to be selected as worthy of the
Professorship of History in the University of Michigan.
Of that University the world has already heard. It shall,
by the power that it is even now in process of developing,
hear more. To this Professorship Mr. White was chosen.
Established early in the history of a State, so new
itself that its citizens are older than the commonwealth,
grandly endowed by a liberality that made the beautiful
and fertile earth at once to be in ministry to the intel-
lectual, it holds its place among the great institutions of
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. 157
learning, by a title that claims the rank of liigh scholar-
ship. It has a most numerous student life witliin it — the
young men of a young nation. To such a gathering, Mr.
White poured out the lessons of history, giving his free
and hopeful interpretation to all problems that the annals
of our land present — mysteries then — revelations now.
To these modern men, so fresh and earnest, he pictured
the contrast — the education of the development of civil-
ization in the middle ages — of the reformation of France
before, and of France after, the revolution. In the grasp
of Mr. White's learning, and in the force of his views of
men, and what is the right of man's condition, these lec-
tures were incisive. They went on and beyond cold writ-
ing in old ways, and asserted their lessons of freedom's
struggles and freedom's victory. In Boston, where so
much of our literature has found its home, there is a maga-
zine published which has been of the best of American
magazines. We will not assign to it the first place, because
our article does not give us the privelege to decide. But
no man can dispute its intellectual power. To this maga-
zine Mr. White became a contributor. He drew out the
historical truths that came so strongly in the words Jef-
ferson and Slavery — a theme whose just grasp requires
close historical knowledge. He described the statesman-
ship of Richelieu, and pointed to the decline of the serf
system of Russia.
In 1863, Mr. White went upon a semi-official mission to
Europe, remaining a few months. The country was in
the wild work of war. It was proving its strength. It
was misunderstood. It was depreciated. It was the very
hour for a learned and eloquent man to avouch its cause,
and this Mr. White did vigorously. He spoke at meet-
ings in London. He wrote what he, with just appreciation
of the patriotism of that great section of our country,
designated as " A Word from the Northwest." He vindi-
158 LIFE SKETCHES.
cated his country and upheld its honor. He was himself a
proof that in our war for freedom, we had not forgotten the
charms of delicate and elaborate learning.
Returning from Europe, his own immediate fellow men,
those who had known him best, called him to the repre-
sentation of the Onondaga District in the Senate of New
York. He was triumphantly elected and reelected, at a
time when the whole elective power of the country was
stirred to its depths. Mr. White gave unchanging sup-
port to the administration of President Lincoln, and
followed his country with the same affection, as well in
temporary defeat as in abiding victory. He spared no
word or effort to make the arms of the Republic, those of
the conqueror, and gave the army his enthusiastic good
will and good wish. In the Senate, Mr. White took, at
once, a prominent place, being welcomed to especial trust
over all the departments of education and literature. His
voice is heard as that of a man of thought and study,
capable, as so few men of thought and study are, of mak-
ing it effective, and proving it agreeable. His service in
the Senate has found no limit of action. It has found
foremost place in all measures which he believed to be
of good government, as well for the great city as for
the State, and especially in those measures in which he
thought he saw the safety and relief of so many of the
poor and sick and suffering — the Health Bill, and the bill
for the organization of the Hudson River Asylum for the
Insane.
In 1866, Mr. White delivered at New Haven, before
the Phi Beta Kappa Society, an oration of remarkable
force, on the theme, that the worst foe of a State was an
aristocracy founded on the subjection of an inferior class.
Yale College, after this, called him, in the most flatter-
ing manner, by its best and its worthiest, to the delightful
duty of the direction of its art department. But this, and
ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. 159
other most agreeable places, Mr. White has declined, to
devote himself to the charge of the Cornell University, to
whose head, young as he is, he has, with the acceptance
of all friends of education, been called. To build up a
great University in New York, has been one of the dreams
of his life; and to receive its direction, its compass, its
influences for the ages, from his care of its initiative, is all
before him. To this high duty his friends know him to be
equal ; and the choice of him as President, is regarded as
New York calling one of its own scholar sons to its honors.
Mr. White is yet young. His life's history is to be
written. He has already made himself a name in learn-
ing, in literature, in statesmanship. As it looks to mortal
eye, his life concentrates great responsibilities, for its priv-
ileges have been many, its advantages remarkable, its
honors early. We believe these responsibilities will find
intelligent fulfillment, and Western New York will record
it in her proudest annals, that, although her territorial life
is so new that the memories of the forest are yet fresh, she
has furnished to the University which adorns her lake side,
of her own native born, a scholar in his own right, and
master of accumulated learning.
EDWARD G. WILBOR,
Chatham, Columbia county, New York, is situated
in an exceedingly picturesque portion of this State.
Meadows lie nestled in valleys which are divided by clear
streams ; pasture lands upon hillside slopes stretch upward
to the edges of forests ; timberland crowns the summits
of mountain spurs ; and handsome villages hold no small
degree of beauty and intelligence. In fact, it is just the
spot for a home around which cluster the memories of
former times.
Senator Wilbor was born in the town which we have
mentioned, September 10th, 1807, and he has always
resided there except five years of his boyhood which he
spent at Esperance, Schoharie county, New York, to which
his father removed. His ancestors were English; but
they did not possess that conservative spirit which would
stagnate the channels of progress, rather than have their
ease disturbed; on the contrary they were liberal and
progressive. Catching the inspiration which sometimes is
wafted from one generation to another, the boy drank in
many of the healthy influences of his ancestry. His
earlier days of education were spent in the district
schools ; and who that has ever attended them can forget
the reminiscences connected with them ? The long rows
of seats with no backs to rest the aching spine, the stern
faced schoolmaster with his quill pen over his ear, and his
long mahogany ferule in his hand, the tiers of sleepy boys
just nodding themselves from the multiplication table into
the land of dreams, a little fellow with his foolscap on
his head doing penance for having broken some trivial
rule ; all these pass before the mind of many a man whose
voice has been heard in State and national councils. After
EDWARD G. WILBOR. 161
months and years of attendance in the common school,
Mr. WiLBOR attended the Kinderhocfk Academy, during
a few terms. New and more liberal advantages were
afforded him, while a pupil in that institution, which he
appropriated to himself with the ordinary zeal of boy-
hood. After the completion of his academical studies, Mr.
WiLBOR decided to make farming his future avocation.
As an agriculturist he has met with very few reverses.
The harvest has brought to him its abundance, and has
given him a competence which puts him beyond the
necessity of toil, and leaves him to suit his own pleasure
whether or not he shall take that rest which advanced
years so much deserve. At the age of twenty-one, Mr.
WiLBOR allied himself to the Whig party, which, in
Columbia county was sadly in the minority. In 1840, he
ran on the Harrison ticket for member of Assembly, but,
of course, was defeated by the superior strength of the
other party; and in 1846, he again was a candidate for
the same office and came within twenty-five votes of an
election. True to his principles, he remained in the Whig
ranks until the columns of the Republican party were being
made up, and then espoused the cause of that organiza-
tion. In 1865, he was nominated for State Senator by
the Republican Union party of the Eleventh Senatorial
District, in opposition to the most popular man which the
Democrats had in that part of the Di^rict, Moses Y.
TiLDEN", of New Lebanon. Ideas, as the election proved,
had undergone a change. The steady and tremendous
onset of the war had carried with it an awakenino: of
humanity ; and men had, in the mean time, learned to read
and think for themselves ; and so the Republican party
gathered sufficient strength to itself to elect Mr. Wilbor
by a majority of five hundred and fifty-five.
In the early part of the rebellion he gave to the army
his oldest son, nineteen years of age, who remained until
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162 LIFE SKETCHES.
the close of the conflict. He was one of the thousands of
gallant men who had no stain upon his military reputa-
tion. We can give him no higher encomium than to say,
" He served his country well." "While in the service, his
health became impaired by exposure. On his return
home the malady grew worse, and ten months after the
waiting ones had welcomed his return, they bore him
outward and buried him with a soldier's honors. Of
him and his burial a young poetess whose name is not
unfamiliar to the public, and who was one of his kindred,
wrote as follows :
*' The soft air stole across the blooming hills,
And filled the Sabbath morn with fragrance sweet—
The sky-born choirs, in leafy arches hid,
Proclaimed their praise in warbled carols, meet.
" "With him who sleeps the last, long, quiet sleep.
Beneath the drooping elms the mourners passed.
Before them, sadly, on the village green,
The flag he had defended hung half mast.
" There, all unmoved by breath of wandering wind,
It seemed that sorrow lay among the stars,
And wound her closely clinging arms about
The thirteen glorious, old, unsevered bars.
" Thus sadly trailed its treasured, blood- wrought folds
Until beneath they bore the noble dead,
Then with one long, triumphant sweep, it flung
Its unstained beauty, proudly o'er his head.
♦• A moment, and again it drooped before them
Unmoved and sad against the azure sky.
And never more it spread its glowing pinions,
"While all the long, dark train crept slowly by.
"If thus the Raven banner once had fluttered
Above the biers of those who fighting fell.
The wailing clans would wild have hailed the symbol.
That in Walhalla's halls the brave did dwell.
" Not that we read, by changing sign and token,
Yet in our hearts we hide the treasured thought.
That Freedom, boasting not above her treasures,
Accepts with tears the sacrifice we brought."
EDWARD G. WILBOR. . 163
Mr. WiLBOR Avas instrumental, in the session of 1866, in
procuring the passage of "An act to authorize any town
in the counties of Columbia or Rensselaer to aid in the
completion of the Lebanon Springs Railroad," authorizing
commissioners appointed by the County Judge, to borrow
money on the faith and credit of towns, and to execute
bonds therefor, under their hands and seals. This bill
was of great importance to the counties in question. He
also aided in the passage of a bill for the amendment of
the Charter of the city of Hudson. During this session,
in addition to other legislative work, he has aided in
securing the locating of the Insane Asylum at the city of
Poughkeepsie.
Mr. WiLBOR is Chairman of the Committee on Poor
Laws, and a member of the Committees on Internal
Affairs of Towns and Counties, Grievances, Manufactures,
and Erection and Division of Towns and Counties. He
is a fine old gentleman whose face is always lighted by a
smile, and whose heart is at all times open to the approach
of benevolence.
STEPHEN K. WILLIAMS.
Senator Williams was born in Bennington, Vermont,
May 9th, 1819. His father, Richaed P. Williams, M. D.,
immigrated to what is now the Village of Newark, then
new and unsettled, in Wayne county, New York, when
the subject of Our sketch was four years of age.
Mr. Williams early evinced that aptness and proficiency
in his studies, which have been so characteristic of him
throughout his after life. During his boyhood he was
studious and reserved, reading much, particularly history
and biography, being far in advance of most boys of his
age in his studies. For this, he was indebted much to the
kind attentions of his father, who taught him during his
evenings. Owing to his thorough preparation for a col-
legiate course, and evident maturity of qualification, the
faculty of Union College in his case varied the rule requir-
ing the applicant for admission to be sixteen years old, and,
at the early age of fifteen, admitted him to the Sophomore
Class, with which he steadily advanced until he graduated
with marked distinction, in the year 1837.
After a few months travel in the Eastern and Southern
States, having chosen the profession of the law, he com-
menced the study of it in the office of Judge Sherwood, at
Newark, Wayne county, and finally completed his prepar-
atory reading in the office of the Hon. George H. Mid-
DLETON, late of Syracuse, and was admitted to practice, in
the year 1842. He at once entered into copartnership
with Judge Middleton ; and his success as a practitioner,
was marked and continous. In some respects his first
business connection was a fortunate one. Judge Middle-
ton, was a man of much more than ordinary caliber ; he
was a thorough scholar, possessing a fine judicial mind,
STEPHEN K. WILLIAMS. 165
and an able and effective advocate. But the multi-
farious and confining details of the -office business were
particularly distasteful to him, and to these, from necessity
as well as from choice, Mr. Williams applied himself, with
tireless energy. With such zeal and earnestness did he
prosecute his labor, that for weeks together, all through his
professional life, his lamp might be seen burning almost
into the small hours, night after night, thus laying the
foundation of the success which has since crowned his
professional labors. A few years were sufficient to make
hiin known as one of the leading lawyers of his district.
As a student he was laborious, indefatigable ; as a law-
yer scrupulously faithful to the interests of his clients, and
untiring in the advocacy of their claims ; and despising the
mere trickery by which too many of the profession are
willing to gain temporary forensic triumphs, heacquired,
with the bench, a high reputation for candor and frank-
ness as well as legal attainments, and with the Bar, the
character of a fair, courteous and gentlemanly prac-
titioner Avhose professional reputation was a guaranty
against chicanery.
Mr. Williams has always been an earnest and a consis-
tent politician, believing in human progress and the doc-
trine of the equal rights of all, and has made it the object
of some of his leading efforts, to advocate the extension
of equal rights to all races and conditions of men.
He has always devoted himself so closely to his profes-
sion, as to prevent all thought of political preferment —
having held but one public office, that of District Attorney
of his county — until 1863, when he was elected Senator
of the Twenty-fifth District; to which office he was
reelected, in the fall of 1865, by a majority of over four
thousand, and more than two hundred in advance of his
ticket. Within a few years, he has several times been
proposed for Congress, from his district, but the claims of
106 LIFE SKETCHES.
locality taking precedence, the nomination went to Cayuga
county.
During his first Senatorial term, he Avas Chairman of the
Committee on the Erection and Division of Towns and
Counties, and Chairman of the Committee on the Manu-
facture of Salt, was second on the Committee on Railroads,
and Grievances, and took a prominent part in the debates
on all public questions.
In 1865, Mr. Williams was a delegate to the Baltimore
National Convention, which renominated Abraham Lin-
coln for the Presidency. He aided in the admission of
the Louisiana delegates into that convention, whom he
regarded as entitled to representation there, as they had
formed a loyal constitution and a loyal government which
was then in the hands of loyal men. In regard to his
action on that occasion, the New Orleans True Delta, then
a loyal paper, and published by Hon. William R. Fish,
said:
" It is well known to most of our readers, that when the Louisiana
delegation presented themselves as members of the Baltimore Con-
vention, in April last, there was considerable opposition to their
admission. It is not generally known, however, how that opposi-
tion was overcome, at least, on the part of the New York delegates.
Mr. Williams, a member from that State, enjoying the confidence
of Mr. Preston King, the Chairman of the Committee on Creden-
tials, and the respect and good will of all the other members who
knew him, used his influence, both publicly and privately, in behalf
of the admission of our delegates ; and it is not too much to attrib-
ute their admission, in a great measure, to his exertions. This
circumstance forms a connecting link between the New York State
Senator and the citizens of Louisiana."
He has always been an earnest and effective friend of
the canals of this State, and has endeavored, several times,
to abolish the system of repairs by contract; but the
strong influences, interested in preserving the present
STEPHEN K. WILLIAMS. 167
system, have thus far prevented the accomplishment of its
repeal.
In the Senate, Mr. Williams has been a firm friend of
the soldier. In 1864, he introduced a bill "for the relief
of the families of volunteers in actual service in the army
and navy of the United States ; " supported warmly and
efficiently the Constitutional amendment, giving them the
right to vote while in the field ; dedicated his services, for
several months each year, during the war, to the promotion
of the interests of volunteers, and gave his active support
to bills raising bounties for soldiers. He is Chairman of
the Committee on State Prisons, and second on the Com-
mittees on Public Buildings, Manufacture of Salt, and
Railroads.
Senator Williams is a ready and accomplished debater,
speaking seldom on unimportant questions, but On issues
of importance, always taking a prominent part.
JOHN J. WOLCOTT
Senator Wolcott is a native of Trenton, Oneida
county, New York. He was born June 20th, 1810. His
parents were of English descent, and removed to Oneida
county, from Weathersfield, Connecticut, in 1 800. Samuel
WoLCOTT, father of the Senator, was one of the pioneers
of Oneida county. He lived to the age of eighty-two
years, in a community which grew up around him, and
which his intelligence and exemplary life had done so
much to improve.* He died in 1857, universally regretted.
Senator Wolcott received such education as the times
afforded, in the common schools of Oneida county, and in
the Academies of that part of the State. His early days
were spent upon his father's farm. In 1831, he first
engaged in commercial j^ursuits, in his native town, and
in 1834, remoA^ed to the village of Fulton, Oswego county,
where he has since been successfully engaged in commer-
cial enterprises. He has, at all times, been deeply inter-
ested in the growth of the village, with the history of
which, he has been so long identified ; and he has had the
satisfaction of seeing it rank among the most prosperous
and enterprising of the State. He is one of the principal
stockholders in what was the Oswego River Bank,
organized in 1855, and of which he was elected President.
More recently, this institution has passed into the First
National Bank of Fulton, with Senator Wolcott contin-
uing in the same relation as its presiding officer.
In early life, Senator Wolcott was a Democrat, but
always of the Radical school. It was not in his nature to
tolerate so inconsistent a feature in our institutions as
American slavery. As a Democrat, he was, in days gone
by, of the Michael Hoffman and Samuel Young school,
JOHN J. WOLCOIT. 169
and became an active " Barn Burner," in the days when
*' Hunkerism " formed the other extreme of the Demo-
cratic organization. The events of 1848, found him
ready to enter into the " Free Soil " movement. In the
campaign of 1848, upon the "Buffalo platform," he was
a zealous supporter of Van Buren and Adams, and
did much toward moulding that public opinion which
resulted in a sweeping majority against General Cass in
Oswego county. Extensively and most favorably known
as a business and public man, his taking a decided and
active position in favor of "Free Soil, Free Speech,
a\id Free Men," had a great influence with people in his
section of the country.
For many years, Oswego county had been considered
among the most reliably Democratic in the State. It
is now among the strongest Rej^ublican counties of the
State. This liberal sentiment of the county is largely
owing to many men, who, like Senator "Wolcott, refused
to follow the Democratic party. In the combinations and
compromises between " Soft Shell " and " Hard Shell "
Democracy, which followed the canvass of 1848, Senator
WoLCOTT was nominally with the former, but he was
little in harmony with them, and repudiated their candi-
dates, when he could not consistently support them.
When the Republican party was organized, he entered it
with zeal ; and he has been one of its leading members, in
his own county, down to the present. In 1856, he was a
supporter of Fremont and Dayton, as he was, four years
later, of Lincoln and Hamlin, and still later, of Lincoln
and Johnson. During the war, in common with his loyal
fellow citizens, he was active in support of the govern-
ment, and in sending and supporting men in its defense.
In a life so active as has been Senator Wolcott's, it
could not well be otherwise than that places of trust and
responsibility would be offered him. In every situation,
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170 LIFE SE^ETCHES.
his services have been marked by thoroughness and fidelity
to the interests of the masses. In every issue which has
arisen between the laboring classes, on the one hand, and
combinations or would-be aristocracy on the other. Sen-
ator WoLCOTT has always been with the people. He has
ever been the friend of the laboring men and mechanics, in
their struggles to better their condition ; and there are few
men in his community more favorably known among the
farmers with whom he has had to deal through so many
years. He was early elected to the office of Town Clerk,
and was subsequently Supervisor, so long as he would con-
sent to run. He was Chairman of the Board, in 1854. He
was frequently Trustee of his village, and was twice Presi-
dent of the same. In 1844, he was Loan Commissioner of
his county. In 1857, the present Second Assembly District
of Oswego county, was formed, and Mr. Wolcott was
selected as the first candidate for member. Although the
District was considered to be a close one, his majority was
nearly one thousand.
In the fall of 1855, he was nominated in county Con-
vention for State Senator, Oswego county forming the
Twenty-first Senatorial District, and was elected by a large
majority. He is Chairman of the Committee on Public
Printing, a member of the Committee on Canals, and also
on Banks. As Chairman of the Senate Committee on
Public Printing, early in the last session, he made a report
in which he called the attention of the Senate to the
enormous useless expenditures for legislative printing,
made by previous legislatures, and the great abuse which
had grown up in the legislature in these expenditures.
He recommended that the Senate should be liberal in its
orders, but that all useless and extravagant expenditures
should be dispensed with. The Committee made this
recommendation a rule, which was inflexibly adhered to in
their reports, and the Senate sustained its Committee.
BENJAMIN WOOD. I7l
During his term in the Senate, Senator Wolcott has
acquired the reputation of being an intelligent, capable
and industrious legislator. He is a man of good sense and
sound judgment. In the ordinary walks of life, he has
always been distinguished for his lively interest in all that
tends to improve society, and benefit his fellow men. He
has always been a practical and active temperance man,
and has devoted his attention to the cause of education,
having for years freely given his time among all his other
engagements, to the discharge of the duties of School Dis-
trict Trustee, and of President of the Board of Trustees
of Falley Seminary.
BENJAMIN WOOD
Senator Wood was born at Shelbyville, Kentucky, on
the 13th October, 1820. The first among his paternal
ancestors whose history is identified with this country,
was Henry Wood, who emigrated from Wales, in 1616,
and settled in Massachusetts. He was a staunch Quaker,
and, to escape the persecutions of the Puritans, he left the
colony, and settled in the neighborhood of where now
stands Camden, New Jersey. He called his estate " Pea
Shore," and there most of his descendants have lived and
died. This Henry Wood was the great-grandfather of
Benjamin Wood, father of the subject of the present
sketch. Mr. Wood's maternal ancestors were also Quakers,
and attained distinction, both in Europe and America.
Mr. Wood engaged in business, at an early age. Before
he attained his fourteenth year, he had visited, with one
exception, all the States of the Union, and had made
several voyages to the West India Islands, and Central
172 LIFE SKETCHES.
America. After many years of travel, he engaged in
business, in ISTew York, which he carried on successfully
for several years ; he then retired, relinquishing the con-
cern into the hands of his partners. In May, 1860, he
purchased the New York Daily News. Under his man-
agement, that paper soon held a conspicuous position in
the arena of journalism. It was suppressed by the govern-
ment, soon after the outbreak of the late civil war ; but, on
the 18th of May, 1863, its publication was resumed, and it
has since been conducted with the energy and enterprise
that are distinguishing characteristics of its proprietor.
The Sunday News, recently introduced to the public, has
already acquired no little popularity.
Mr. Wood's political career has been eventful and con-
spicuous. During the last Presidential campaign, he was
a staunch supporter of Douglas, and contributed largely,
from his time, his purse and energies, to assist that states-
man's canvass. He was, at that time, a member of the
State Central Committee, of New York, and as such, was
chosen Chairman of the Select Committee appointed to
unite the Anti-Republican elements of the State. He was
also Chairman of the Convention of Democratic editors
that assembled at the Astor House, in 1860. The same
year, Mr. Wood became a candidate for the representation
of the Third Congressional District, of New York, and was
elected by a majority of six hundred and thirty-two. His
speeches in Congress have occasioned much excitement
and comment, in consequence of their bold denunciation
of the war. On the 11th of June, 1860, Mr. Bixgham, of
Ohio, presented a preamble and resolution, declaring that
information had been received by the government,
that Hon. Benjamin Wood, a member of the House,
from New York city, had been engaged in communicating,
or attempting to communicate, important intelligence to
the rebels in arms against the government, and direct-
BENJAMIN WOOD. 173
ing the Judiciary Committee to investigate the subject,
and report upon the facts.
Mr. Wood said : " I hope the resolution will be adopted ;
and I also desire to thank the government for giving me
what they have denied to so many others, namely, an
opportunity to be heard." The reference to the Committee
Avas made, but in the absence of any creditable evidence
of the charge, the matter was quietly dropped, in spite of
Mr. Wood's earnest and repeated demands for a full inves-
tigation.
In 1862, he was returned to Congress by an overwhelm-
ing majority, thus demonstrating that his constituents
approved of his Congressional course. At the close of his
term, he was earnestly requested to become a candidate
for the third time, but positively refused. However,
at the solicitation of many citizens, he consented to run
for the Senate of this State, and was elected by a large
majority.
Mr. Wood is a little above the middle height, strongly
but not rudely built, and possesses a constitution that has
thus far withstood the ordeal of a life of intermingled
labor and adventure. His eyes are of a quiet blue ; his
countenance pale, animated under excitement, but with a
somewhat mournful and fatigued expression in repose.
His features, and especially the firm lines about his mouth,
indicate the chief traits of his character, self-will and deter-
mination. Although resolute almost to stubbornness, and
quick to resent insult or injury, he is rather gentle and
reserved in deportment. He has many political enemies,
and but few personal ones. His nature, frank and out
spoken to a fault, rather conciliates than repels. Sincerity
is an attribute that even his political foes do not deny him.
Mr. Wood has bestowed much time and attention upon
the cultivation of his farm at Manhasset. This includes
a garden of eleven acres ; one of the finest in the world.
114: LIFE SKETCHES.
Some impression may be received of the extraordinary-
skill and labor bestowed upon this horticultural paradise,
by the fact that Mr. Wood has carried off the first pre-
miums for flowers, for several years past, in competition
with the magnificent nurseries of Flushing.
JAMES TERWILLIGEK,
CLERK OF THE SENATE.
Mr, Terwilliger is a native of New Scotland, Albany
county, New York, where he was born January 30th, 1825.
He is of Holland and Scotch lineage. In the year 1836,
he removed to the town of T>e Witt, Onondaga county ;
and, up to the age of eighteen, his time was spent in work-
ing on the farm, and obtaining the meager education
imparted by the district schools. He early manifested
a great love for books and newspapers. He seized every-
thing of the kind which came in his way, and devoured
the contents with avidity. His tastes were more particu-
larly in sympathy with works of a political nature, and
biographies of statesmen; and thus his thoughts were
turned to the workings of political machinery. In the
mean time, until he was twenty-six years old, he labored
on his father's farm, familiarizing himself with all of the
weary routine of agricultural toil. In 1851, a new chap-
ter was opened, in his life. Laying aside the implements
of manual work, he invested his capital in journalism,
and became one of the proprietors of the Syracuse Daily
Journal. His connection with that newspaper, continued
until 1855, when he was appointed Deputy Clerk of the
Assembly, by R. U. Shearman, then Clerk of the House.
In 1856, he received the appointment of Journal Clerk of
JAMES TEEWILLIGEE. 175
the Senate, and held that appointment for four years, at the
end of which time, he was elected Clerk of the Senate.
Mr. Terwilligee has since been three times elected with-
out opposition. In addition to this post of honor and
responsibility, he has held others of similar importance.
In fact, the past eighteen or twenty years of his life have
been more or less employed in arranging the details of
either county or State campaigns, and in supervising the
order of legislative business. Mr. Teewilligee was chosen
Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Onondaga county, in
1849; and, from the organization of the Republican party
in 1856, to the year 1860, he was Secretary of the Onon-
daga County Republican Committee, when he was elected
Secretary of the Republican State Committee. He con-
ducted the memorable presidential campaign of that year,
with masterly tact and acceptance, and originated the
plan of sending speakers, by the State Committee, into
different sections, a practice now so generally adopted.
Mr. Terwilligee has been Secretary or Acting Secretary
of the Republican Union State Committee, ever since,
except the years 1862 and '64. In the canvass of 1864,
he was Acting Secretary of the National Union Executive
Committee, and additionally aided the State Committee
very materially.
When the lamented Preston King was appointed Col-
lector of the Port of New York, the position of Private
and Confidential Secretary to the Collector was offered
to Mr. Terwilligee, without any solicitation or previous
knowledge of the matter, on his part. Induced by friend-
ship for Mr. King, he accepted the place, and held it until
the appointment of the present Collector, when he resigned.
Mr. Terwilliger's familiarity with all the ramifications
of political forces ; his very large acquaintance with the
leaders of parties in this State and the country at large ;
his ready comprehension of the right thing in the right
176 LIFE SKETCHES.
place, render his services almost invaluable. As Clerk of
the Senate, he is a master. All of the duties attending
that post are as familiar to him, as are the successions of
propositions of Euclid, to a professor in college ; and his
executive abilities, his steady application to the rapid dis-
patch of business, and his almost uninterrupted attendance
upon the sessions of the Senate, greatly enhance the value
of his services.
There is no bluster in his composition. The calm dignity
of the perfect gentleman always rests upon him, and the
smile of good nature is rarely missed from his face. Mr
Terwilliger is held in high estimation by both parties.
At the close of each term, elegant testimonials have been
presented to him by the Senators, as an expression of their
appreciation of his ability and kindness.
MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY.
EDMUND L. PITTS,
SPEAKER.
Me. Pitts has arisen to a height of popularity which is
seldom attained by men, at so early an age. Long before
the first of January, the Members of Assembly began to
cast around for candidates for the Speakership of the
House. Names of men long identified with legislative
action, of conceded ability, and who are among the lead-
ers of the Republican party, were mentioned as being
worthy of the honor ; but, as the time for the assembling
of the Legislature drew near, there was a general impres-
sion that Mr. Pitts would be the gentleman whom the
House would trust to carry it through its coming session.
Previous to the Republican caucus, one name after
another was dropped, with perfect good feeling, and Mr.
Pitts was conceded, with unanimity, to be the candidate.
On the assembling of the caucus, he was nominated by
acclamation. Such a compliment, however, was well
bestowed, and was in accordance with public sentiment.
He is a firm adherent to the Republican party; he has
never had any affiliation with frauds and corrupt measures ;
and his great aim has been to fight down schemes for
plunder, and to maintain principles of right, irrespective
of men. If he has personal ambitions, as it is natural he
should have, he makes them subservient to the general
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178 LIFE SKETCHES.
welfare; and, anxious to discharge his complicated and
delicate duties in a way which shall do justice to all, Mr.
Pitts has thus far elicited commendation from both parties.
Mr. Pitts is a native of Yates, Orleans county, New
York. He is not yet twenty-eight years of age ; but he
has a maturity of mind which is rarely found in one so
young. When a lad, he attended the academies in the
vicinity of his home, and was considered to be a remark-
ably brilliant scholar. A desire sprang up in his mind to
go through college ; and, therefore, the jnysteries of amo-
as-at and honus-a-um were in due time mastered, the
classics and mathematics duly conned, and, after a time,
the boy found himself prepared for the Sophomore year
in college. During these terms of study, he had an
able instructor and a i^eliable friend. Professor Charles
Fairman^, now Principal of the Medina Academy, of
whom he speaks in warm terms of gratitude. When Mr.
Pitts was fifteen, he carried off the first prize for declama-
tion at a public exhibition, and, from our knowledge of
him, he has not yet relaxed his study in that direction.
But the question of a collegiate course was abandoned,
because his father, though now in comfortable circum-
stances, was then scarcely prepared to take the responsi-
bility of meeting the bills which would have to be
incurred. In the year 1859, Mr. Pitts attended the Law
School at Poughkeepsie, and then read law with Hon. San-
roRD E. Church, at Albion. Such was the rapidity of
his progress, he was admitted to practice, in 1860, about
fifteen months after he began the study of his profession.
In the autumn of 1860, he entered into a partnership with
Adna Bowen", Esq., which has continued ever since.
Confidence was had in his legal acumen ; men trusted the
firm with cases of importance, and found that they were
skillfully managed ; and what was, at one time, a promis-
ing beginning, has ripened into a steady success.
EDMUND L. PITTS. 179
When Mr. Pitts was nineteen, he was a Douglas
Democrat, and made campaign speeches in favor of that
wing of the Democracy; but when he began to studiously
weigh the doctrines which he was promulgating, he
became convinced of their sophistry, and discarded them
altogether. His first vote, he is proud to say, was cast
for Abraham Lincoln; and every campaign since he
was of age, has found him advocating, from the forum,
almost daily and nightly, the enduring principles of his
party. In 1862, in convention, Mr. Pitts, without any
thought that he was even remotely dreamed of for a can- .
didate to the office, came within one vote of the nomination
for Member of Assembly; two years after, however, he
was elected to the Assembly, and has continued to repre-
sent his district ever since. While carefully watching and
urging the local interests of his constituents, he has boldly
battled against the "New York ring," and has never
hesitated to attack the strongholds of corruption, or to
tear away the flimsy gauze of trickery. Last session, he
introduced a very important amendment into the New
York tax levy, which met with obstinate resistance from
certain parties ; and yet, if we mistake not, the recent
decision of Judge Barnard, in relation to the notorious
gas contract swindle, turned upon that very amendment
which was finally fought through by Mr. Pitts. He is
regarded with confidence by many of the best men of
New York city, who recognize in him the exponent
of unselfish motives, and the staunch friend of their
municipality. In the Assembly of 1866, he was Chairman
of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, and was a
Member of the Committee on the Affairs of Cities.
In stature, Mr. Pitts is five feet and four inches. He
sometimes facetiously remarks that his friends call him
five feet only, but that he is determined to have the benefit
of the fraction over. He has a pleasant face, which is
180 LIFE SKETCHES.
full of animation and character, and a voice which is deci-
sive in tone when he is in earnest, but sweeping when he
is denunciatory.
Mr. Pitts, as Speaker of the Assembly, is distinguished
for his ready perceptions, his intimate knowledge of par-
liamentary law, acquired by long familiarity with legisla-
tion, and his speedy dispatch of business. He is uniformly
courteous, but self-reliant; and in referring bills to the
various committees — an act which requires discretion —
he seldom makes mistakes.
ORNON ARCHER
Mr. Archer was born in Granville, Washington
county. New York, October 1st, 1814. At the age of
ten years, he commenced attending school at Granville
Academy, and continued in that institution nearly seven
years, a large portion of which time. Rev. Salem Towsr,
LL. D., was Principal. In 1831, he entered Williams
College, and graduated in 1835. His standing in his class
was good — excelling in languages, but indifferent in
mathematics. After securing his diploma, he opened a
select school in Utica, where he remained one year ; he
then removed to Romeo, Michigan, and took charge of
the Romeo Academy, then just opened. In 1838, he was
a candidate for member of the lower branch of the Legis-
lature in that State, but was defeated with the rest of
his ticket (Whig) ; Macomb county then being strongly
Democratic.
Mr. Archer returned to New York, in 1839, and took
charge of Marion Academy, and continued to be its
Principal for nearly six years. In 1845, he removed
ORNOIT ARCHER-. 181
to Walworth (also in Wayne county), and was Principal
of Walworth Academy about two years. He was nomi-
nated in 1844, by the Whig party, for member of Assem-
bly, but was defeated, although running considerably
ahead of his ticket. In 1846, he was elected a member of
the Convention to revise the Constitution of the State,
and bore a prominent part in the deliberations of that
body. Three years afterward, he served as Deputy Clerk
of the Assembly, under Philander B. Prindle. After
the close of the session, he was employed in the office
of the Secretary of State, arranging the documents
appertaining to the Colonial History of the State, and
transcribing such portions as were selected for publication.
In 1851, '52, and in 1855, '56, Mr. Archer served as
Deputy Clerk in the Assembly, under Richard U. Shear-
man, Clerk. He was appointed Assistant Assessor of
Internal Revenue, in 1862, which office he held until
nominated for the Assembly, in September, 1866, when
he resigned.
Mr. Archer was educated in the old Whig faith, and
was, from the origin of that party, a zealous defender of
its principles. He voted for Harrison in 1840, for Clay
in 1844, for Taylor in 1848, for Scott in 1852, for
Fremont in 1856, and for Lincoln in 1860 and '64. He
was always a decided opponent to Slavery — an Aboli-
tionist in fact — but he never was drawn from his party
allegiance, as many of that class were. Mr. Archer has
frequently been engaged in political canvasses, speaking
not only in his own county, but often in other parts of
the State. He has been repeatedly Delegate to State
Conventions, and was a member of that Convention in
1854, which first organized the Republican party. In
1850, Mr. Archer was admitted to the Bar, and has since
then, when not engaged in official duties, practiced law.
His majority in the District for member of Assembly, in
182 LIFE SKETCHES.
the late election, was 1,162, which was 300 larger than
any member ever before received.
He is a gentleman of peculiar talents. His long
experience as an educator has done much toward develop-
ing his analytical powers, and his participation in politi-
cal contests has given him an adroit skill which is highly
essential to a legislator.
JOHN G. BAKER.
Mr. Baker is the representative of the Third District
of the county of Ulster. He is a descendant of patriotic
ancestry, his father having been a soldier in the American
army, during the Revolutionary war. He is a native of
Greene county, New York, is a farmer by occupation, and
is thirty-two years of age. Mr. Baker was educated in
the common school, and at the Greenville Academy. He
was a teacher, for several terms ; but his father becoming
infirm, he returned home, and took charge of the farm.
He had a taste for agriculture, and was very observant in
his practical farming. His mind was not satisfied with
simply knowing that seed must be put into the ground in
order to germinate ; but he went further, in his observa-
tions and inquiries, and sought the best methods for pro-
moting the growth of his various products. Having read
the best agricultural papers, he acted upon many of the
suggestions which he found in them, and tested their
validity by his own observation. In this way, he accumu-
lated a fund of information, upon which he afterward drew
to advantage. In 1860, a new field of action was opened
which he immediately occupied. Laying aside the farmer's
implements, he went to the city of New York, and, for
STEPHEN BAKER. 183
some time, was one of the publishers of the Practical Far-
mer and Scientific Gardener, a valuable paper, in its sphere.
Mr. Baker was formerly a " Know-Nothing," and, as
such, voted for Millard Fillmore for the presidency.
But he soon left the party, and united with the Democracy,
with which he has ever since cast his political fortunes.
This is his first experience in legislative action. He is a
member of the Committee on Agriculture ; and his already
acquired knowledge of farming will be of value to him in
the consideration of questions which may arise while he is
acting in that capacity. He is a very quiet member, is
punctual in his attendance, and is an attentive observer of
the proceedings of the House.
STEPHEN BAKEE.
Mr. Baker's life has been chequered with dashing
adventures, which, if narrated in detail would form an
interesting volume. We can, however, but simply allude
to the salient points which we have been able to gather,
now and then, in hasty snatches of conversation. Mr.
Baker was born of American parentage, in the town of
Southeast, Putnam county. New York, December 31st,
1835, and received a moderate common school education.
At the age of twenty, wishing to see something of frontier
life, he went to Kansas, at the close of the civil strife in
that region, and engaged in the transportation business
between Omaha and Fort Kearney. In 1858, when the
gold mines of Colorado were discovered, he was one of
the first white men who explored South Park, and Pike's
Peak, traversing the south fork of the Platte river, and
leaving their names on the bleached skulls of buffaloes, as
184 LIFE SKETCHES.
guide-blocks for those who might follow after. During
this expedition, he participated in many thrilling scenes,
both in camp and on the march, and beheld some of the
grandest scenery on the continent. Of course privations
had to be endured ; but they were over-balanced by the
fascinations which always hover over an unexplored region.
In the spring of 1859, Mr. Baker joined in a war against
the Utahs, near the head waters of Clear Creek, and thus
became familiar with the customs of Indian warfare. His
venturesome spirit led him into the midst of many exciting
dangers, from which he escaped as by a charmed existence.
After varied experiences among the Camanches, Sioux,
Black Feet, Pawnees, Omahas, and other Indian tribes, he
returned to his native State, and in August, 1862, entered
the service of the United States as First Lieutenant in the
6th New York Artillery. July 5th, 1863, he was attached
to the army of the Potomac, near South Mountain, partici-
pating in the battles of Wapping Heights and Mine Run,
the latter of which was terribly sanguinary. In the month
of November, 1863, he was promoted to Captain, on
account of his bravery on the field. Remaining with his
regiment, he took part in the battles of the Wilderness,
Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Coal Harbor
and Petersburgh. Captain Baker was ordered to Wash-
ington, in August, 1864, and was transferred to the Middle
Department under General Sheridan. After the battle of
Cedar Creek, he was promoted to Major, and ordered to
the Army of the James. For gallantry in an important
engagement with some of the enemy's iron-clads, he was
commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. It was his privilege to
be engaged in the final rout of the Rebel army, which was
the crowning triumph of our arms. After his regiment
was mustered out, he was retained in the service, to aid
in consolidating the remaining battalions of the 6th, 10th,
and 13th Regiments of Heavy Artillery, and, with the
HORATIO BALLAKD. 185
consolidated regiment, was placed in command of Peters-
burgh. His signal bravery was again rewarded, in July,
1865, by a promotion to the rank. of Colonel. He was
mustered out of service in the following September.
Colonel Baker ably represented Putnam county in the
Legislature, in 1806, as a Union Republican, and, therefore,
has had experience in legislation.
HORATIO BALLARD.
Mr. Ballard is a gentleman of affability and urbanity.
His past political experience, his wide acquaintance with
men, and his legal attainments, are points of no insignifi-
cant importance to a member of the Legislature. He is
nearly sixty-four years old ; therefore, with other legisla-
tive capacities, he brings with him ripe judgment and
settled opinions.
His father, a native of Massachusetts, was among the
early settlers of the town of Homer, New York, and was
one of the founders of the Cortland Academy. He held
various county offices, and was a member of the Legis-
lature.
Mr. Ballard received his education at the Pompey and
the Cortland Academy. He commenced his legal studies
with Judge Stephens, and finished them with Judge
Jewett. In 1828, he was admitted as Attorney to tlie
Supreme Court, and, three years subsequently, as Coun-
selor. He formed a law partnership with Judge Ste-
phens, and soon ranked among the leading lawyers in his
Judicial District. He accepted the appointment of District
Attorney, in 1841, and held it for a number of years, dis-
charging his duties in a manner acceptable to the public.
24
186 LIFE SKETCHES.
In 1848, he was the candidate of the Barn Burner Democ-
racy, for Congress ; but his district having heavy Whig
majorities against the Democrats, he was not elected ;
and, in 1859, having been nominated for Judge of the
Supreme Court, for the Sixth Judicial District, he was
defeated by the same causes.
On the reception of the news of the slaughter of some of
the soldiers of a Massachusetts regiment in the streets
of Baltimore, in April, 1861, a very enthusiastic war
meeting was held at the Court House in Cortland county,
over which Mr. Ballaed presided. He had drawn his
conclusions as to what should be his future course in rela-
tion to the war. Recognizing but one line of policy,
which seemed to him correct, he laid aside his former party
ties, and united with the Union organization. In Septem-
ber, 1861, he was spontaneously nominated, by the Union
Convention, for Secretary of State. That was a time
when men forgot all mercenary and petty motives, in the
great desire to express their condemnation of the faithless-
ness of the South ; and, while our heroes were baring their
breasts to the conflict, all along the lines, the voice of the
people, at the North, thundered out their protest against
the sophistry of secession. The Empire State gave no
uncertain expression on that occasion. Mr. Ballard's
majority was 107,712. He discharged the duties of Secre-
tary of State with carefulness and ability, and retired from
office with the reputation of being a consistent State
officer.
In the recent campaign, in the county of Cortland,
without solicitation on his part, and indeed, without his
expectation, he was unanimously nominated for the
Assembly, on the Union ticket, and elected by a large
majority, running ahead of his ticket.
His wife and three children compose his present house-
hold. One of his sons served as First Lieutenant in the
SAMUEL M. BARKER. 187
Union army, from 1862, until near the close of 1864, when
he fell a victim to disease, and the brave fellow, whom the
bullets of the rebels failed to kill, was buried, none
the less a hero than if he had fallen at the cannon's throat.
Thus the father feels that his own loyalty has been conse-
crated, as indeed has that of many others, by the sacrifice
which he has made. His eldest daughter married Hon.
Wm. H. Robertson, who is member of Congress from the
Tenth Congressional District.
Mr. Ballard takes an interest in the cause of education.
He is now President of the Board of Trustees of the Cort-
landville Academy — one of the flourishing institutions in
this State ; and, last fall, he was instrumental in procuring
the location of one of the State Normal Schools, in Cort-
land Village. He is a member of the Judiciary Committee,
and of the Committee on Colleges, Academi€S and Schools.
SAMUEL M. BARKER
As early as the year 1850, Mr. Barker was known to
the people of his county as an influential and competent
worker in politics. He is one of those men who are satis-
fied to use their energies for the common good, without
continually looking out for the "loaves and fishes."
Therefore, though he might have been elevated to oflicial
positions, if he had been disposed to urge his claims, he
held no office until the year 1865, when he was elected by
the Republicans of his county to represent them in the
Lower House of the Legislature. During that term, he
elicited the approbation of his constituents, as well as that
of his colleagues, by his plain, straightforward manner.
In 1866, Mr. Barker was again unanimously nominated
188 LIFE SKETCHES.
for a reelection. At this juncture, there arose an unfor-
tunate split in the party, which was accomplished by
stragglers and disaffected Republicans, and which resulted
in the running of a third candidate, in addition to the
regular opposition. In this campaign, Mr. Barker's
popularity was displayed to most excellent advantage;
his labors for the party were almost unremitting ; and the
success of the State ticket of 1866, in Schuyler county,
owes much to his strenuous persistency.
Mr. Barker is the eldest son of Joseph Barker, a highly
respectable farmer residing in the town of Hector, Schuyler
county, N"ew York. He was born on the 14th day of
August, 1827. Like most boys in his neighborhood, at that
time, he had the advantages of the district school, which,
though within the reach of almost every one, were, as
everybody is aware, of a very limited character. The
common school was in those days, and indeed now is, a
decidedly primitive affair, in many of the rural districts.
The cities and large villages have become awakened in
relation to the necessities of the present generation ; but
the boy who can blunder through some of our district
schools, and have an aspiration beyond the height of the
dingy ceiling above his desk, is worthy of a place in
Westminster. "When, however, Mr. Barker advanced to
the age of seventeen or eighteen, he became a pupil in the
select school of John A. Gillett, A. M., at Peach
Orchard, situated on the east bank of Seneca Lake.
While there, he made good progress in his studies, and
improved his opportunities perhaps as well as the majority
of his schoolfellows ; but he did not evince a decided taste
for the classics and literature, his mind being more
inclined to business and the active pursuits of life. At
the age of twenty-seven, he began farming, at a little dis-
tance from the homestead, and has pursued that calling
ever since. In combination with his agricultural occu-
SAMUEL M. BARKER. 189
pation, Mr. Barker has dealt largely in live stock and
wool, and recently has engaged in the manufacture of
mowing machines — a business which has gradually
become extensive and profitable. He most emphatically
opposes any appropriations for corporations, on the
ground that the present indebtedness of the State is
already large enough ; and the fact that he voted against
every bill afterward vetoed by the Governor, is worthy
of mention. In relation to our national politics, Mr.
Barker has never had any sympathy with that which is
hostile to equal rights; but he has always acted with
those impelling forces which pulse the country forward.
To this end, he worked zealously, in the time of war,
expending his means, and devoting his time, for the pur-
pose of filling up the ranks of our armies.
He is a perfect gentleman in his demeanor, generous in
his impulses, and upright in principle. Probably no man
in the House has more warm friends than he ; and unques-
tionably no Member is more highly regarded.
OLIVER A. BARSTOW
Mr. Baestow is a fine old gentleman of friendly -ways,
who is quiet in his demeanor and honest in his purposes.
He is plainly a thinking man, though of few words, and,
when convinced of the justice of a measure, his mind
is not easily shaken in its conclusions. His ancestors
came from England, in 1635, and settled in Hanover,
Massachusetts; they were, for several generations, sea-
faring men and ship-builders. He was born in Great
Barrington, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, in Novem-
ber, 1809. He is the youngest child of Doctor Samuel
Barstow, a gentleman of excellent talents, who was
reputed a skillful physician, and was held in high esteem
in the political circles of Massachusetts. At the time of
his death, which occurred in 1812, he was a member of the
Senate of his State.
Oliver A. Barstow remained with his mother, acquir-
ino: such education as could be obtained in the common
schools, until he was sixteen years of age. In the mean
time, he had not only gathered to himself quite a fund of
knowledge, but he had also been favored with all of those
pure influences which pervade a home presided over by a
mother. In 1825, he became a member of the family of
his uncle, the Hon. Gamaliel H. Barstow, of Nichols,
Tioga county, New York, who was then Treasurer of this
State, and who had previously been a member of both
branches of the Legislature, and First Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas of Tioga county. In passing, it is
due to Judge Barstow's memory, to say that, as State
Treasurer, he bore a spotless official record. The same
may be said of him with reference to every office which
he ever held. His election to Congress, in 1830, was an
OLIVER A. BAESTOW. 191
honor well bestowed, and his intimate acquaintance with
political reminiscences, rendered valuable aid to Mr. Ham-
mond in the preparation of the Political History of New
York. Young Oliver remained in his uncle's family
until he was twenty-one. It is to be supposed that his
character was shaped by his surroundings, for his uncle's
frugality, sound practical sense, and eminent honors, must
have have had their weight upon the young man; and
these things, coupled with the trainings of his earlier
days, left a lasting impression on his memory. In 1830,
he went to the "Western States, and found employment as
clerk on some of the river steamboats. But he remained
in the west only a year or two, and then returned to
Tioga county and went into business. His life has been
industrious and laborious, his attention being directed to
merchandising, lumbering and agriculture. In whatever
undertaking Mr. Barstow has embarked, he has put his
own hand to the oar, and weathered storms which would
have made more timid natures shrink.
Politically, he was, in past years, a Whig, but ever
since the organization of the Republican party, he has
uniformly acted with it. He has been Supervisor of the
town of Nichols, several years, and, for the last twenty-
three years, has been Justice of the Peace. In his elec-
tion to the Legislature of the present year, he received
twelve hundred majority over his opponent, Daniel D.
McDowell. Mr. Barstow is a member of the Com-
mittee on Canals, in which capacity we believe he will be
of material benefit to the State.
WILSON BEERYMAN.
Mr. BERRYMAisr was born in County Derry, Ireland,
October 21, 1841. His ancestors were Scotch. He emi-
grated to New York, in October, 1856. He attended the
public schools in New York city, and, in 1857, entered
the College of the city of New York, then known as the
New York Free Academy, from which he graduated in
1862, receiving the degree of A. B., and, in 1865, the
degree of A. M.
Mr. Berryman" was mustered into the military service
of the United States, in March, 1864, as a First Lieutenant
in the 3 2d United States Colored Troops. He served
with the regiment, in South Carolina, until mustered out
of the service, in August, 1865. A portion of this period
he served as Assistant Provost Marshal of the district of
Hilton Head, and, subsequently, as Assistant Adjutant-
General of the district of Beaufort. He was with the
regiment in the battles of Honey Hill, South Carolina,
November 30, 1864, Pocotaligo, December 7, 1864, and
James Island, February 10, 1865, and in all the various
raids and skirmishes in which the regjiment was ensfas-ed,
including the expedition of General E. E. Potter, through
South Carolina, in March and April, 1865, which extended
as far as Camden.
Mr. Berryma:n- is a Civil Engineer by profession, and
resides at No. 315 West 43d street. New York. He is a
Republican.
He was a Member of Assembly in 1866, having been
elected for the Thirteenth Assembly District of New York
city, and took an active part, in the Legislature of that
session in all measures relating to the city of New York.
RICHMOND BIG KNELL.
In point of years, Mr. Bicknell ranks among the
younger members of the House. He has a face which is
full of manly character, and a mind of fine culture.
There is no pomposity in his mental composition; he
approaches no man with a "flourish of trumpets," and
transparencies covered with inscriptions of "Ego;" nor
does he display an inanity which shows a lack of force
and individuality ; but he impresses one with the idea of
a modest determination which is not easily swerved by
opposition and temptation.
Mr. Bicknell's native place is the town of Stockholm,
St. Lawrence county. New York, in which he was born,
on the 1st of August, 1837. His father, one of the earliest
settlers of that town, and one of its highly respected citi-
zens, still survives. He brought up his son Richmond to
labor, in his youthful days, on the farm, believing that,
whatever avocation he might choose when he reached the
years of maturity, the physical development resulting
from manual work, and the invigoration of out-door exer-
cise, would be highly important in laying the foundation
for physical endurance.
In addition to Mr. Bicknell's common school advan-
tages, he received instruction, for a couple of terms, at the
St. Lawrence Academy, situated in Potsdam; but his
education has been, to a considerable extent, self-acquired.
When twenty years old, he began the study of law, at
Potsdam, in the ofiice of Hon. Henry L. Knowles, the
present County Judge of St. Lawrence county ; and about
two years and a half afterward he was admitted to prac-
tice ; since that time he has been a law partner of Judge
Knowles. His qualifications as a lawyer give him a
25
194 LIFE SKETCHES.
prominent place among the lawyers of the northern por-
tion of the State. He is a fluent and forcible advocate,
and, in the sphere of discussion, is perfectly at home. In
the political campaigns of the last few years, he has ren-
dered effective service, but, aside from this, has not
otherwise engaged in politics, until his nomination to the
Assembly, last fall, which resulted in his election by
the largest majority, except one, of any member elected
to the House of 1867, viz. : two thousand six hundred
and sixty-eight.
LAFAYETTE J. BIGELOW.
Me. Bigelow was born in the town of Ellisburgh, Jef-
ferson county, New York, on the 13th of May, 1835. His
parents came from Vermont, and his father, Jotham Bige-
low, was a farmer in independent circumstances, who
always took a lively interest in public affairs, held the
office of Supervisor of his town for several years, and in
1835 and '36, was a member of Assembly. Lafayette,
his youngest son, was sent to Union Academy, a distance
of two miles from where he lived, at quite an early age,
and as he boarded at home, he did not lack for physical
exercise. At this excellent institution, he was prepared for
college, and entered the Sophomore class of Union College
in the fall of 1854. While there he was studious and
stood about average in general scholarship. He was
elected President of the Adelphic society of that institu-
tion, and once read a poem before it. He was always
fond of general reading, and was more given to perusing
the English classics than in digging after the Greek roots,
or divining the subtle mysteries of the higher mathe-
LAFAYETTE J. BIGELOW. 195
matics. In composition, declamation and extemporaneous
speaking, he took rank among the first while at school.
At the end of the Junior year, feeling anxious to begin
active life, and having already decided on his profession,
he left Union College and entered the University of
Albany, Department of Law, in the fall of 1855. He
graduated at this institution in the spring of 1857, receiv-
ing the degree of LL.B., and while, there he took the
silver medal as the prize for the second best original essay
on the subject of " Eminent Domain."
In May, 1857, he removed to Watertown, the shire-town
of his native county, and commenced the practice of law
in company with Bradley Winslow, Esq., a young gen-
tleman who had just been admitted to the Bar. The new
firm of Wii^SLOW & Bigelow got along about as fast as
young lawyers usually do ; at all events, the junior mem-
ber of the firm, Mr. Bigelow, who is a prudent man
withal, concluded that he could stand the expense of
"coffee and muffins for two," and married Miss Hattie
E., daughter of Mason Rounds, Esq., of Mannsville, New
York.
In 1861, he was appointed District Attorney to take the
place of his law partner who had been elected to the office,
but who entered the volunteer service early in that year,
and served in the Union army with distinction, rising suc-
cessively from Lieutenant to Colonel. In the spring of
1865, while in command of his regiment, he was shot
through the abdomen and did not recover until months
after. Mr. Bigelow served out his official term as District
Attorney, and gave his partner, in the field, |600 out of
the $800 salary of the office.
In the fall of 1862, he was nominated almost by accla-
mation for District Attorney, and was elected by a large
majority. For three years longer, he discharged the duties
of this office with entire satisfaction to the county, and had
196 LIFE SKETCHES.
•
the reputation of being a very faithful and successful public
prosecutor. In the fall of 1863, following an inclination
which he had long felt for the editorial profession, he
bought an interest in the Daily and Weekly Reformer,
published at Watertown, and one of the largest and most
influential Union journals of Northern New York.
Mr. BiGELOW has, for a young man, a high reputation
as a campaign speaker and literary lecturer. In the cam-
paign of 1864, he took a prominent part, and spoke in
Brooklyn and different parts of the State. In politics, he
has always been a Republican, and has never acted with
any other party. During the rebellion, he made many
Union speeches; was a member of the War Committee
in his county, and rendered effective service in raising
recruits.
Mr. BiGELOw's tastes are really literary, rather than
political, and he is called a graceful and vigorous writer.
He has lectured before some of the first Lyceums in this
State, and his name is frequently seen in some of our
popular periodicals. At the last commencement of Union
College, he received the honorary degree of A. M., as a
recognition of his literary character. He has always
taken an interest in educational matters ; is a Trustee of
St. Lawrence University, and of two Academies. In the
winter of 1865 and '66, he held the office of Assistant
Clerk of the Assembly.
In the fall of 1866, Mr. Bigelow was nominated for
Assembly, receiving twenty-nine of the thirty votes in
the convention on a first ballot. He was elected by a
majority of one thousand six hundred and seventy-eight.
He was made Chairman of the Committee on Printing,
and accorded a position on Colleges, Academies and Com-
mon Schools, on which he is an active member. He was
an earnest supporter of Roscoe CoNKLmG for Senator.
Early in the session, he introduced the bill to increase the
JOHN J. BLAIR. « 197
salary of School Commissioners, supported earnestly the
bill to establish free schools, and in the exciting debate in
the House on the proposed Convention to revise the Con-
stitution, advocated the amendment providing for thirty-
two delegates at large. His future legislative career must
remain unwritten on these pages, but we predict that it
will be approved by his constituents and the people of the
State.
JOHN J. BLAIR
The member from the Fourth District of New York,
was born in the city of which he is a representative,
On the I7th of April, 1833. His parents were natives
of Ireland, and offered their son every opportunity for
an excellent education, but like many others, he was
ambitious of becoming a workman while yet a boy, and
so merely availed himself of the advantages presented by
the Common Schools. At the age of sixteen years, he
was apprenticed at the Allaire Works, one of the most
extensive machine shops in the country, and soon became
a proficient at his trade. Mr. Blair early took an interest
in politics, being elected constable of the Seventh Ward, at
the age of twenty years and six months, being compelled
to wait until he had arrived at manhood's estate before
he could qualify. At the age of twenty-two, he became
Assistant Captain of the Seventh Ward Police, under the
old municipal system. In this position, he was popular
with the men under him, and with the citizens generally.
He held the place until the Metropolitan Police law went
into effect, and though offered a Captaincy in the new
force, declined upon principle, and held to the old organ-
ization, until it was disbanded. Mr. Blair then returned
198 LIFE SKETCHES
to his trade, working at it until the famous machinists'
strike of 1864, when he made a pledge never to return
to the bench until the demands of the mechanics were
granted by their employers. The workingmen were finally
forced by circumstances to submit, but Mr. Blair kept
his word. He afterward became connected with the Fifth
District Judicial Court, and remained there until elected
to the Assembly, to which he was first nominated by the
workingmen, afterward being indorsed by the Republicans
and the Union Democracy. His election was regarded as
a great triumph over Tammany Hall, as that organization
considered the District one of the surest for their ticket
in the city. But the workingmen were a unit for Mr.
Blaie, and this settled the question. He is, and he always
has been a Democrat.
In 1862, Mr. Blair went to Hilton Head in the employ
of the Naval Department, and remained there one year,
as Superintendent of repairs of machinery and repairs of
gunboats. Here he was of great service to the country.
In 1853, he took part in an expedition to explore the
Amazon River, which failed owing to the objections of
the Brazilian Government. Several of his companions
were lost in the expedition. In short, Mr. Blair's whole
life has been quite eventful.
LEVI BLAKESLEE
Until recently, Mr. Blakeslee was a farmer, residing in
Kirkland, Oneida county, New York. Though very much
interested in his occupation, he still found time to devote
himself to political interests, and he was elected by the
Whigs to represent them from his district in the Assem-
bly, at the session of 1854. In 1855, he introduced a
resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution,
to abolish the property qualification of colored voters,
thus early recognizing the principle of equal political
rights irrespective of color. This resolution was, after a
sharp contest, passed by the Assembly, but was .defeated
in the Senate. He subsequently identified his political
opinions with those of the Republicans. The Second
Assembly district of Oneida county had in practice the
system of rotation in presenting candidates for nomina-
tion, that is, each town, in turn, had the privilege of the
candidacy ; therefore, though Mr. Blakeslee had proved
himself perfectly acceptable to his constituency, yet,
according to precedent, he could not be put in nomination
again, until the expiration of nine years. When that
period had elapsed, the town of Kirkland again ofiered
him as the candidate. He was nominated and elected to
the Assembly, in the Fall of 1863. In 1864, after sufiicient
experience upon the Committee of Claims to convince him
of the evils of the present system of settlement of claims
against the State, he introduced a bill giving the Supreme
Court jurisdiction of all cases of claims against the State,
in the several judicial districts where they arise; his
theory of the matter being, that the present system is
unjust, in that there is no way in which the citizen can
enforce his State claims. That it is unsafe for the State,
200 LIFE SKETCHES.
because the hearing, before the Committees of the Legisla-
ture, is entirely ex parte, no defense to the claims ever
being made, unless the claimant's own evidence should
accidentally show fraud upon its face ; and, even then, the
rejection of the claim is not final, but only postpones
the case a year, when it is again presented with the
evidence of fraud carefully concealed, the first experiment
showing exactly what alterations were necessary. This
bill was referred to the Judiciary Committee, and by them
reported to the House ; but the late date of its introduc-
tion prevented final action thereon.
In 1865, Mr. Blakeslee was nominated for Supervisor,
against his expressed wishes, and unanimously elected,
in the town of Kirkland, which had often been so closely
contested, politically, that a Democratic success was as
frequent as a Republican triumph.
In May, 1865, he removed to the city of Utica, where he
is now engaged in business, as a coal dealer. In the pre-
liminary movements of the last canvass, he was requested
to accept the nomination for Member of Assembly, in the
First District of Oneida county. Business interests caused
him to feel that it was his duty to decline the honor ; but
further consideration led him to reconsider his decision;
and he finally concluded to take upon himself the issues
of the campaign. The consequence was his election. Mr.
Blakeslee's former experience in the various ramifica-
tions of Legislative business, enables him to meet the
questions arising therefrom, with adequate skill.
CHAKLES BLAUVELT.
Chaeles Blauvelt, Member of Assembly from the
Fifth District of New York, was born in the city of
which he is a representative, in the year 1836. Conse-
quently, he is in the thirty-first year of his age, though
in appearance somewhat younger. Mr. Blauvelt, when
quite young, took a deep interest in politics, and soon
became one of the rising Democracy of the Metropolis.
Courteous in his intercourse with strangers, and affable at
all times, he soon attached to him a large number of
personal and political friends, who secured his triumphant
election to the Assembly of 1865, after a sharp struggle.
In that body, he served creditably as a member of the
important Committee on Public Printing, and though not
devoted to speech-making in the House, still returned to
his constituents with the reputation of being a successful
legislator. Owing to some complications in New York
politics, he failed of a reelection to the Legislature of
1866, but at the polls in the fall of that year he was
returned to the House by a majority so large that his
choice may almost be said to have been unanimous. In
the appointment of committees, Mr. Blauvelt was
selected to serve upon those of State Charitable Institu-
tions, and Joint Library, but the Speaker afterward added
him to the Committee on Insurance, when the House
authorized its increase to seven members. Mr. Blauvelt
is a member of the 12th Regiment, New York National
Guard; he accompanied that command to the seat of
war. He was captured with his regiment at Harper's
Ferry, in 1862, and paroled, which prevented his return to
the field. By profession, he is an accountant.
26
WILLIAM B. BOYD
Me. Boyd is a native of Barrington, Yates county, Kew
York, where he was born, in the year 1824, March 28th.
His father and mother were natives of this country ; the
former was of Irish descent, and the latter was of German
ancestry. He received a fair academic education in his
early years; and, at the age of twelve, left home, with
the determination to carve his own way in the world.
Residing in Yates county until he was eighteen years old,
he removed to the village of Prattsburgh, Steuben county.
New York, where, at the age of twenty-two, he engaged
in the mercantile trade. The village contained several
manufactories, and, therefore, afforded desirable facilities
for his business. Twelve years subsequently, he engaged
in farming, and the traffic in grain and wool. In the latter
avocation, he is still quite a heavy operator. Mr. Boyd
was Post-Master of Prattsburgh, from the year 1849 to
1853, under the Whig Administration. He was a Member
of the Assembly, in 1866, having been elected over his
Democratic competitor, by four hundred and twenty-four
majority, and was on the Committee on Banks; he was
reelected last fall by a majority of five hundred and four-
teen. At the opening of the session, he was appointed on
the Committee on Banks, and was made Chairman of the
Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Department ;
but he resigned soon after his appointment.
Mr. Boyd is a gentleman of great business energy, and,
therefore, is not easily swerved from his undertakings.
By his own tact, he has become the possessor of a hand-
some property', having the gratification of knowing that
he has wrought his fortune solely by steady and merito-
rious application. He is held in high estimation by his
THOMAS A. BRIGGS. 203
acquaintances ; and, though there may be members in the
House of superior legislative talents, there are none who
are more reliable for integrity.
THOMAS A. BKIGGS
Mr. Briggs was born in Athens, Greene county, on the
4th of September, 1834, and is consequently in the 33d
year of his age. He is of old Knickerbocker stock, his
ancestors having resided in this State for many genera-
tions past, several of them participating in the great
struggle for Independence. He received a common school
education, and, at an early age, engaged in the business
of boating, for which he displayed a great aptitude,
having command of a sloop when fourteen years old. It
was not long before he commanded a steamer, and, as a
captain, he became very popular. For three years he was
in the government service, as Captain of the " Silas O.
Pierce," a dispatch boat at Fortress Monroe, which was
the first to pass through " Dutch Gap," and the first to
reach Richmond after the evacuation of the rebel capital
by the Confederate forces. Mr. Briggs took the news of
Mr. Lincoln's death from Fortress Monroe to Norfolk —
the telegraph being broken — with instructions to deliver it
in person. In the national service, though not an active
participant in the struggles between the armies and navies
of the contending hosts, he still accomplished much in his
modest capacity, and the government and its officers
never had reason to complain of the manner in which his
duties were performed. He claims no fame as a politician,
having never before been a candidate for any office. He
has always been a Democrat of the straightest order. Mr.
204 LIFE SKETCHES.
Briggs serves upon the important Committee of Com-
merce and Navigation. He is very reticent to strangers ;
but among his friends he is more frank.
WILLIAM BRISTOL.
. Mr. Bristol, the member from Wyoming, was born at
Gainesville, in that county. May 7th, 1821, and has resided
there ever since. His father was a native of this State,
and a fine type of the resolute and hardy pioneers who
planted in Western New York, the germ of that intelli-
gence, industry, wealth and patriotism which now char-
acterize that section of the State. He was a Member of
the Assembly of 1823. His mother, a woman of strong
character and sterling virtues, was a worthy daughter of
Massachusetts. His grandfather was a Revolutionary
hero, and his father, a soldier in the war of 1812. Like
many others of our successful men, Mr. Bristol received
in a common school the basis of his education. Person-
ally directing the management of his extensive farm, he
has occupied himself principally as a wool dealer. His
large business operations have been generally successful,
and he possesses an ample fortune, which is as generously
used, as it was honorably won. He has recently bought
one of the finest places in Warsaw, which he will make
his residence, after this season. Mr. Bristol's wide-awake
and intelligent interest in political affairs, began before he
could vote. He was originally a Democrat; in 1848,
became an active and influential Barn-Burner, and in the
Syracuse Barn-Burner Convention of 1856, which indorsed
Fremont, he was one of the few representatives of his
section of the State. Since that time, he has been an
"WILLIAM BEISTOL. 205
enthusiastic Republican. He was Presidential Elector for
the Twenty-ninth District in 1864, and was one of the
Secretaries of the College. For the past four years he
has been unanimously chosen Supervisor of his town,
and has served as Chairman of the Board for two years.
In 1862, when President Lincoln issued his call for
600,000 Volunteers, Governor Morgan appointed Mr.
Bristol one of the War Committee for the Thirtieth
District. At this time he was at Rochester, deeply
engaged in business. He immediately returned home.
On Sunday, notice was read from the pulpit of one of
the churches, inviting all who desired to aid in crush-
ing the Rebellion to meet in his orchard. The Thursday
following, largely through his indefatigable energy, a
full company, made up of some of the finest young
men that left the State at their country's call, was
enrolled, ready for duty. It was the first company on
the muster-roll of the famous First New York Dragoons.
Three years afterward, when " all that were left of
them" returned from following the fiery Sheridan, out
of money and anxious to go to their friends previous
to being paid off, Mr. Bristol interested himself in
getting them released from their miserable quarters
near Rochester, and advanced them money from his
private purse to carry them to their waiting homes. In
the same pleasant grove, where, three years before, these
brave boys had enlisted, a grand pic-nio was gotten up
to welcome their return. Over four thousand persons
were present, and it was one of the most notable rural
gatherings ever held in that section. By the unanimous
wish of his fellow-citizens, the whole matter of volun-
teering, bounties, &c., was left to his discretion, and so
well was the duty done that the repeated calls were
always honored, and the town owes not a dollar for
bounties. The same good management was manifested
206 LIFE SKETCHES.
in the conduct of the county's volunteering and finances,
by the Committee of Supervisors, of which he was Chair-
man, and the county paid its last bond, the past year.
Aside from private bounties paid to volunteers from his
town, their families received many substantial tokens
of his remembrance. The soldier and the soldier's family
had no truer friend than he.
Last fall he was nominated for the Assembly by accla-
mation and with great good feeling. He was elected by
a majority of 1,848. Personally, Mr. Bristol is a gentle-
man of fine appearance, open and courteous manners and
most generous impulses — a man of ability, experience in
the world, and strong common sense — having a large
acquaintance among the public men of the State, and
the good will and confidence of his constituents.
BENJAMIN F. BRUCE.
Mr. Bruce has, perhaps, more of an air distingue than
any other member in the Lower House. His tall, finely
developed figure, his proud, erect bearing, and his well-
shaped head, combine to attract the attention of the spec-
tator in glancing over the gentlemen who compose the
Assembly. Mr. Bruce has a deep, sonorous voice, which
has been highly cultivated ; and, as an orator, he fully com-
mands the attention of the listener. Some of his most bril-
liant speeches were extemporaneously delivered; in fact, he
seldom puts his ideas on paper, preferring to trust himself
to the impulse of the occasion. Mr. Bruce is a generous
hearted man ; and, in conversation, is easy and entertain-
ing. He is a native of Lenox, Madison county. New
York, and of Dutch and Scotch lineage. In youth, he
BENJAMIN r. BEUCE. 207
acquired nothing more than a plain English education,
and then became a clerk in a country store. From sixteen
to twenty-one, he was engaged on the canal, and then
began farming. But, being naturally inclined toward
politics, Mr. Bruce early displayed a disposition to
engage in State affairs, and readily attained a great
measure of influence in the Whig party, which he repre-
sented in the Constitutional Convention held in 1846. In
that Convention, Article two. Section one of the Con-
stitution, in relation to the elective franchise, was
originally framed by Governor Bouck, Chairman of
the Committee on Franchises, so as to commence, " Every
white male citizen, &c." Mr. Bruce moved an amend-
ment striking out the word ^^ white -^"^ but, after an
animated debate, in which he defended his idea with a
masterly skill, it was defeated. It required no little
moral courage, at that time, to advocate negro suffrage
without property qualifications ; yet it is worthy of note
that the Congressional District, in which Mr. Bruce
resided, sustained his views.
In those days, the military of this State received no
little attention, and there were aspirations, as there are
now, for bars and stars upon the shoulders, and for com-
missions of high rank. Mr. Bruce's military merits
received recognition at different times, and he was looked
upon as an officer, under the old militia regime, who was
worthy of signal recognition. He received, from Gov-
ernor Marcy, the appointment of Brigade-Major and
Inspector of the 35th Brigade, and held the office until
1851, when he was appointed Inspector-General by Gov-
ernor Hunt, holding the place until he was removed by
Governor Seymour, in May, 1853. During the guberna-
torial administrations of Governors Clark and King,
Mr. Bruce again discharged the duties of Inspector-
General. In the mean time, after duly inspecting the
208 LIFE SKETCHES.
old arsenal in New York city, situated in the vicinity of
the Central Park, and finding it in an unsafe condition,
and a source of great expense on account of its unfavor-
able situation, he recommended the sale of it and the ten
acres accompanying it, taking the proceeds thereof for
the purpose of erecting arsenals and armories in different
parts of the State. His suggestions met with favor in the
Legislature, and the property was sold for $275,000; and
out of the proceeds, without any additional expense to
the State, several fine arsenals have been built. The
wisdom of this enterprise is perfectly obvious.
Mr. Bkuce was removed by Governor Morgan, in
January, 1859. We should mention, in this connection,
that, in March, 1851, he was made Inspector of Railroad
Tolls, resigning, however, when he was appointed Inspector-
General. In January, 1861, he was chosen Canal Com-
missioner by the Legislature, to fill the vacancy occasioned
by the death of William H. Barnes who had been
elected in November, 1860. Mr. Bruce was nominated
for the same office, in the fall of 1861. The Republican
Convention indorsed and adopted the ticket made up by
the People's Convention, except the nomination of F. A.
Tallmadge, for Canal Commissioner, in whose place Mr.
Bruce was substituted, being the only Republican nominee
on the ticket. This division of the Republican Union
vote, resulted in the election of William W. Wright, the
Democratic candidate, by a small plurality. In November,
1863, Mr. Bruce had the satisfaction of again running
against Mr. Wright, and of defeating him by a majority
of nearly thirty thousand. He now represents the Second
District of Madison county in the Assembly, having been
elected by a majority of seven hundred and ninety-eight.
In the appointment of Committees, the Speaker selected
Mr. Bruce as Chairman of the Committe on Federal
Relations.
AUGUSTUS A. BRUSH
This is Mr. Brush's first term at Albany, in the
capacity of Assemblyman ; but we do not question that
he will quite readily adapt himself to the exigencies of
Legislative action, and prove himself to be a fearless and
prudent protector of the rights of " old Dutchess." There
are two extremes which new members should guard against.
One is excessive timidity, and the other, blind fearlessness.
Mr. Brush's contact with the world has been sufficient to
enable him to overcome the former, and avoid the latter.
His ancestors came to this country from England, and
settled on Long Island. They were very conspicuously
identified with the early history of this nation. . His
grandfather served, during the Kevolution, as an officer
of various ranks, from Captain up to General, and his
bravery gave him the respect of his fellow officers.
Mr. Brush left school, at the age of twenty, and entered
upon a mercantile life, in the town of East Fiskhill, New
York, to which he had removed from New Fairfield,
Connecticut. He still conducts the business of a general
country store, in that place. He was elected School Com-
missioner, in 1860, and reelected, in 1863. The watchful
manner in which he took care of4he school interests, in his
district, afforded great gratification to the inhabitants.
His irreproachable character, and searching insight into
human nature, were two very important qualifications for
a man in his official position. In his intercourse with his
fellow-citizens, he always extended a courteous greeting
to all, whether in exalted or humble station, and thus won
their high regard, which they plainly exhibited by electing
him to a still more exalted office, in the Legislature. Mr.
Brush's majority was seven hundred and ninety-seven;
27
210 LIFE SKETCHES.
with a single exception, he carried every town in his
district. He is an effective worker in politics, and a
leading man in the church. of which he is a member.
Possessing a noble heart, he gives willingly and liberally,
whenever charity appeals to him for assistance ; and, with
a firm purpose to avoid that which might compromise his
honor, he combines the qualities of a good public officer
and a reliable friend.
He is a member of the Committees on Public Health
and Medical Colleges and Societies, and State Charitable
Institutions. In the transaction of lesjislative business,
he assumes no showy demeanor for the sake of effect ; but
talks and acts with a motive to make himself useful.
GEORGE W. BUCK
This gentleman represents the county of Chemung.
He was chosen, after one of the most spirited contests
ever known in the State, by a majority of one hundred
and ten, over Colonel E. L. Patrick, the Democratic
nominee.
Mr. Buck is fifty-four years of age, and was born in the
town of Chemung, where he now resides. Elijah Buck,
his grandfather, was a resident of the Wyoming Valley,
at the time of the terrible massacre. On that occasion,
he was driven from his home, and afterward settled at
Chemung, where the family and its descendants have ever
since resided.
Mr. Buck early developed the qualities which have
made him popular and successful. Pleasant and agreeable
in his manners, active and untiring in his habits, sym-
pathetic in the wants and purposes of those around him,
GEORGE W. BUCK. 211
earnest in every good work, and generous almost to a
fault, it is no matter of wonder to those who know him, that
his name has always been a tower of strength among the
people, in whose midst he was born and has constantly
resided.
His political life began when excitement ran high
between the Whig and Democratic parties. His town
sympathized with the prevailing sentiment in county.
State and nation, and was heavily Democratic. Mr. Buck
was reared in the opposite school, and followed the glori-
ous but never successful banner of the gallant " Harry of
the West." As he became known to the people of the
county^ they quickly appreciated his sterling qualities,
and, with remarkable unanimity, the Whigs determined
"to try him on" for the Legislature. They had been
buried beneath an opposing majority of nearly a thou-
sand, from which no name or turn of events had ever
been strong enough to free them. In the fall of 1847,
they nominated Mr. Buck by acclamation for Member
of Assembly. He accepted the nomination, took off his
coat, and went to work. His own indomitable spirit,
energy and faith were infused into the hearts of his party.
He was successful; the first and only Whig who, up to
that time in Chemung county, had ever come within
seven hundred votes of an election. Since that time he
has represented his town, at least two-thirds of the time, in
the Board of Supervisors, and has served several times,
with great acceptance, as Chairman of the Board. He is
acknowledged on all hands to be the best and most useful
Supervisor in the county.
After the virtual disruption of the Whig party, from its
Waterloo defeat, in 1852, Mr. Buck allied himself witli
the American, or Know-Nothing party, and adhered to its
fortunes until it also went down to the tomb of the
Capulets. From the haunts of that ephemeral ghost,
212 LIFE SKETCHES.
he emerged — a modern Democrat. He took to this
business very awkwardly, and with poor prospects of
success. The only ambition he seemed to have, was a
hope that, in some manner, he might reform the habits of
his new associates. But the events of the war dispelled
that illusion, and giving up the task as hopeless, he came
bick to the bosom of his early home, and now enjoys that
personal peace and political tranquillity which flow from a
conscience void of offense toward God or man.
When the war of the rebellion broke out, Mr. Buck
threw himself into the contest with great zeal. He was
Supervisor of his town during nearly the whole period
of the war. His quotas were among the first to be
filled, and in every duty which distinguished the loyal
,. citizen and true patriot, he was foremost. As an
evidence of their appreciation of his services, as well as
their confidence in his integrity and patriotism, the Repub-
licans of Chemung county invited him to become their
candidate for Member of Assembly, in the fall of 1866.
The contest was protracted, embittered, and exciting to
the last degree. But through it all, with unflagging zeal,
and self-reliant faith, Mr. Buck persevered to the end,
never doubting his own success, and winning, as all the
while he seemed to know he should. It is doubtful,
whether with any other man, the county could have been
carried.
Mr. Buck began life, as to pecuniary means, at the
bottom of the ladder ; and in business success and social
position, he has climbed well toward the top. He is now
a successful banker, with a handsome competence. He
lives freely, is kind to his friends, generous to the poor and
afflicted, and bountiful to charities and religion.
LEANDER BUCK
Mr. Buck was born in the city of New York, ISTovem-
ber 3d, 1826. He is of French and German descent, and
belongs to one of the branches of the Tompkins family,
so many of whose members have acquired distinction in
the councils, both of the State and the nation. Mr. Buck
has always resided in his native city, where he enjoyed
the benefits of a common school education, which, in his
younger days, were not so numerous nor so varied as at
present. After leaving school, he prepared himself for the
profession of a builder ; and he has been engaged in that
avocation for the past twenty years. Mr. Buck ha« super-
intended the erection of many public buildings, and several
of the finest school edifices in the city of New York.
Mr. Buck never took an active part in politics until
quite lately. Aside from his business, military matters have
mostly engaged his attention, and occupied his leisure
hours. In 1845, he became a member of the well known
9th Regiment, National Cadets, remaining in their ranks
until 1849, when he was transferred to the 8th Regiment,
Washington Guard. His thorough study of military
tactics was, in time, appreciated, and he gradually rose
from a private to the rank of Major, which he held until
1865, when he resigned, having been in the service for
quite twenty years. In 1861, Mr. Buck, then a Captain
iu the 8th Regiment, responded to the call for troops to
defend the National Capital, and finished the first three
months campaign by participating, with his command, in
the disastrous battle of Bull Run. In 1862, having, in the
mean time, been promoted to a Majority, he returned to
the field, his regiment being stationed at Yorktown, as a
post guard, and remained there until the termination of
214 LIFE SKETCHES.
McClellan's Peninsular Campaign. This ended Mr.
Buck's military service in defense of the Union. Since
then, he has attended to his professional duties, tempora-
rily leaving them to take a seat in the Assembly, to which
he was elected by a flattering majority, notwithstanding
an opposition in his own party. He has always been, and
always expects to be, a Democrat.
CALEB F. BUCKLEY.
Me. Buckley, representing the Fifth District of Kings
county, was born in the City of New York, on the 16th
of November, 1841, and is consequently in the 26th
year of his age. His father and grandfather were bom in
the same city, the latter taking part in the war of 1812 ;
during that contest he was a pilot on the lakes, partici-
pating in the struggles for naval supremacy there, which
resulted so gloriously for the American arms. His mater-
nal ancestors were likewise natives of the City of New
York, so that Mr. Buckley may be said to have come from
genuine old Knickerbocker stock. His father was a well
known Democratic politician of the old Seventh Ward,
being for a long time President of the famous Ironsides
Club, which included large numbers of men who have
since achieved considerable fame. Caleb F. Buckley
removed with his father to Brooklyn, in the year 1848;
and, since that time, he has resided in the District he now
represents. He has been a member of one of the Demo-
cratic General Committees for the past three or four years.
His nomination for the Assembly was by acclamation,
b his election was considered doubtful, as the District
is the most strongly Republican in the county. The
PATRICK BURNS. 215
result, however, demonstrated his popularity, as he was
chosen by a plurality of nearly three hundred, much to
the astonishment of the opposition. Mr. Buckley received
a common school education, has a good knowledge of
business, and by occupation is a clerk. His District is
one of the wealthiest in the State.
PATRICK BURNS.
Mr. Burns, the representative of the First District of
Kings county, is a native of the County of Monaghan,
Ireland, and was born January 1st, 1833. His parents
emigrated to this country about twenty-four years ago,
and settled in Brooklyn, in the Second and Fifth Wards
of which, they have resided ever since. Mr. Burns was
early apprenticed to a ship joiner, and became an adept in
the business of ship-building, at which he worked for
about seven years, the most of the time being in the
employ of the government at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
He early attached himself to the Democratic party, in
whose ranks he was an active worker. At the age of
twenty-one, he was elected a member of the Democratic
General Committee; and, in 1862, was chosen to repre-
sent the Fifth Ward in the Board of Supervisors, serving
during his term as Chairman of the Alms House Com-
mittee, and Committees on Grades, Relief of Families of
Volunteers, Courts, County Jail, and Bounties. As a
member of the latter Committee, he was assigned to the
receiving ship North Carolina, where he paid the bounties
to the volunteers accredited to Kings county. The
duties of this position were very arduous, but Mr. Burns
acquitted himself with credit, and won the praise of his
associates and the public. Just before the close of
his term as Supervisor, in 1864, he was unanimously
216 LIFE SKETCHES.
nominated as the candidate of his party for the
Assembly, and was elected by over 600 majority, not-
withstanding an Independent Democrat took the field
against him. In the Assembly of 1865, he served on the
Committee on Salt, but its duties not taking much of his
time, he devoted himself to the affairs of his city, and
became a useful member. Mr. Burns made quite a repu-
tation in an effort to have all the streets of Brooklyn
opened to the public, but failed, owing to the desperate
efforts of property owners, who insist upon holding the
thoroughfares in which they live, as private property,
subject to no local control. In 1865, Mr. Buens started
an extensive kindling wood factory, which proved a
pecuniary success. In the fall of 1866, he was again nom-
inated for the Assembly, to which he was chosen by the
unprecedented majority of nearly two thousand.
ROSWELL L. BURROWS
Mr. Burrows represents the Third Assembly District
of Erie county, having been elected by a majority of one
hundred and fifty-one. He is a thorough Republican, and
a prominent lawyer in the city of Buffalo, where he
resides. He has a mind which is well stored with general
and legal knowledge, a dash of repartee which is glitter-
ing, and a fund of anecdote almost inexhaustible. Mr.
Burrows is Chairman of the Committee on Joint Library,
and a member of the Committee on Canals. He is a man
of recognized talents, fine culture, and has an analytical
mind which readily masters the intricacies of law. We
regret that we have been unable to obtain any of the
details of his life ; but such being the fact, in legal parlance,
we "rest the case."
HEMAN G. BUTTON
Me. Button resides in the town of Machias, Catta-
raugus county, New York, where he has been located
from infancy. When the country in that vicinity, was an
unbroken wilderness, his parents were among the first
settlers who faced the primitive mode of living which
attends frontier life. They were hard-working people;
their wants were few and their advantages were not of
the broadest kind ; but there was a simple happiness in
their humble lot, which satisfied their honest hearts.
Mr. Button, early gained the esteem of his associates
by his unostentatious manners, and his evident inten-
tions to do right, even at the sacrifice of pecuniary
gains; and this confidence was expressed on repeated
occasions by electing him to represent the people in
town and county oflices. For many successive years, he
has been Justice of the Peace in the town of Machias,
and has acquired a considerable legal knowledge, in that
particular sphere. He was Superintendent of the Poor
for several terms, and retired from office with an unblem-
ished reputation. Mr. Button was also one of the
Justices of Sessions during one official term, a position
requiring but ordinary capacities, it is true, and yet which
is a complimentary testimonial. He was also town
Superintendent of Common Schools, for four j^ears.
In 1854, Mr. Button ably represented his town in the
Board of Supervisors, and was also a Member of the Board,
for the last year. In the proceedings of the Board of
Supervisors for 1863, a resolution was introduced by
Mr. Johnson, Democrat, of Ellicottville, highly compli-
mentary of Mr. Button, for the faithful discharge of his
duties as county Superintendent. He has held either
town or county offices, twenty-three years in succession.
218 LIFE SKETCHES.
Mr. Button was formerly a Whig, but united with the
Re2)ublicari party immediately upon its organization. He
was, of course, a strong supporter of the war against the
efforts of treason ; and, in addition to his influence and
money of which he gave without stint, he lent to the
army and the country, two sons who were a long time in
the service, and fought with commendatory heroism.
Not long since, the late Judge Tex Bedeck founded the
Ten Broeck Free Academy, in Franklin ville, and donated
a sum sufficient to sustain the institution ; before his
decease, he appointed Mr. Button as one of its trustees,
in whose practical sense he had great confidence. From
our limited observation of Mr. Button, we are of the
opinion that he is an upright man, and that he will return
to his district, enjoying the respect of all who know him.
SAMUEL CANDEE.
This gentleman was born in the town of Southford,
New Haven county, Connecticut, on the 8th day of
May, 1814. His parents were English. Mr. Candee
had not the advantages of an early education, but, by
industry and careful study, he acquired a fair proficiency
in all the Common School branches. Politically, Mr.
Candee was a Whig, and afterward espoused the Repub-
lican cause. Although frequently pressed by his friends
to hold various offices he would never accept any position
beyond the Town Collectorship of the town of Porapey,
New York, to which office he was elected three times.
But, in the fall of 1866, in the Third Assembly District
of Onondaga county, he was unanimously nominated by
the Republican party for Member of Assembly, and was
WILLIAM R. CHAMBERLAIN-. 219
elected by a majority of 1051, running thirty-nine votes
ahead of the State ticket in his own town. He is serving
on the Committees of Internal affairs of Towns and Coun-
ties, and Salt. Mr. Candee is, by occui;)ation, a farmer^
heretofore being largely connected with the public works
of the State. He is a gentleman of industrial habits, of
courteous manners, upright in his dealings, and possesses
the entire confidence of his county.
WILLIAM R. CHAMBEKLAIN
Me. Chamberlain was born at Abbottsford, Canada
East, December 15th, 1834. At the age of sixteen, he
removed to the State of Vermont, where he received a
liberal academic education. In 1857, he removed to
Colton, St. Lawrence county, where he studied law, with
Aekins Foster, was admitted to the Bar in November,
1861, and has since practiced law successfully in Canton.
He has taken a leading part in the politics of St. Lawrence
county, having been specially serviceable to the Republican
party, with which he is identified, as a campaign speaker,
until his throat became affected. In September, 1862, he
was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, by
E. D. Brooks, Collector of Internal Revenue, of the Sev-
enteenth District, serving in that ofiice, with fidelity and
integrity, until October, 1865, when he resigned, in conse-
quence of ill health.
He was a Member of Assembly in 1866, faithfully serv-
ing his constituents and the people of the State. He is one
of the working members of the House, rarely making a
speech, but when he does, always with efiect. He was
220 LIFE SKETCHES.
chosen by the Speaker, the present session , as Chairman
of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, a marked
compliment, inasmuch as three contested seats, involving
very nice points, were before that Committee.
EDGAR B. CLARKE
The ancestors of Mr. Clarke were English. He is a
descendant of the celebrated Joseph Clarke, who, in
company with his brother John, emigrated from England,
and, in the year 1671, established the First "Seventh Day
Baptist Chm*ch" in America, at Newport, Rhode Island.
Mr. Clarke's family, with its different branches, is
quite large; and some of its members have occupied
prominent positions in politics and society. He Avas
educated at De Ruyter Institute which is situated in
Madison county, New York. He is now a manufacturer
of agricultural implements and furniture, at Unadilla
Forks, conducting the business in partnership with his
father, under the firm of Clarke & Son. Their establish-
ment gives employment to a large number of workmen ;
and their capital is recognized as the means of infusing
spirit into the enterprises of that locality. The firm is
a highly reputable one, in business circles ; and the senior
and junior partners are gentlemen who are not narrow
in their views ; but, on the contrary, both entertain com-
prehensive ideas of social as well as business relations.
Mr. Clarke has always striven to promote the interests
of the Republican party in his county ; and has, for some
years, held offices of a local nature, in the town in which
he lives. During the war, though he was so much out
of health that his services in the field would have been
EDGAK B. CLARKE. 221
unavailable, yet he was among the foremost to encourage
enlistments. Probably, it is not asserting too much, to
say that the promptness, with which every demand of
the government was met, by his town, was owing very
much to Mr. Clarke's zeal in arousing his fellow citizens
to the work. The awful conflict, at the South, made
demands, not only upon his capital, but also upon his
kindred. Three of his brothers placed themselves at
their country's disposal. One of them died in the hos-
pital, a slow death of martyrdom ; and another was
slain at Antietam.
Mr. Clarke enters upon his new political experiences
with a good reputation preceding him ; and we have no
misgivings in relation to his guarding well the buckler
which is thus far untarnished. He is now in his thirty-
second year. Youth, influence, and the respect of the
public, are in his favor. Therefore, we shall be greatly
disappointed, if his political history shall end at the
close of the present session. Yery appropriately, he
was placed on the Committee on Trade and Manufactures ;
and his previous experience in manufacturing enables
him to easily comprehend any disputed questions which
properly come before that Committee.
WILLIAM S. CLARK.
Me. Clark's grand-parents, who were born in Dutchess
county, New York, settled in Coeyraans, Albany county,
during the year 1773. His paternal grandfather being
unable to endure the privations of pioneer life, died at the
age of thirty-two; his maternal grandfather, Reubex
Stantox, was among those who, by their vigor and hardi-
hood, contributed much to clear up the wilderness in
Coeymans, in the days when homes were never safe, in con-
sequence of the depredations of marauders from the army
in the war preceding the Revolution. He was, for some
years, a licentiate in the Baptist Church, and was regularly
ordained by that denomination, in 1793, continuing to
preach until he was disqualified by age. Mr. Clark's
parents settled on a farm in Carlisle, Schoharie county, in
1813, where his father died in 1849. His mother is still
living ; and though seventy-nine years old, she is healthful
and active, with faculties unimpaired, and with her dark
brown hair scarcely marked with a thread of silver.
Mr. Clark was favored with good educational oppor-
tunities, having attended some of the academies of Scho-
harie and Madison counties. He was a teacher during
several winters, and then chose law as a profession ; he
graduated from the Albany Law School in the spring of
1858, and returned to Sloans ville, where he now resides.
Since then, however, he has gratified his desire for travel
very largely, and has also been identified with all move-
ments of public interest in his locality, yet devoting
himself to the practice of his profession.
Mr. Clark was elected Town Superintendent of Com-
mon Schools, in the year 1850, and was Commissioner of
Excise during the years 1862, '63 and '64.
WILLIAM S. CLARK. 223
A special election having been called for the purpose
of filling the vacancy caused by the decease of the Mem-
ber elect from Schoharie county, Mr. Clark was nominated
by acclamation, by the Democrats, and elected without
opposition. To use a facetious expression of his, he has
" hosts of constituents." During the war, his talents and
influence were used to promote the interests of the gov-
ernment, both by addressing war and bounty meetings,
and encouraging volunteering, in his own county and the
surrounding ones. He has always been a Democrat ; and
various political articles from his pen, which have appeared
through the public press, among them, his discussion of
the proposed Constitutional Convention, in 1858, display
a repleteness of ideas which is above the ordinary cast of
mind. Mr. Clark has an excellent literary taste, and
displays a certain vim and dash, in his composition, which
excite one's admiration. His " Memoir of Charles How-
ard Phelps," which was w^ritten for the Trustees of the
Dudley Observatory, and subsequently published by them,
is a chaste and beautiful tribute to the memory of one
whose whole soul" was inspired with the grandeur of
Astronomy, and whose life trembled at the impressions
of those master thoughts which seem to transfigure the
whole being.
The introduction of a law defining the duties of Over-
seers of Highways, which was reported by the Committee
without amendment; a clear, concise, but full report of
the views of the minority of the Committee on Privileges
and Elections, in the Putnam county case, and a bill to
amend the Registry Law, are some of the measures which
he has already introduced, in his legislative capacity.
Mr. Clark is in the prime of life, and enjoys a good joke
or a keen sarcasm about as well as an epicure relishes his
salads and " green seal."
HUGH CONGER,
Mr. Conger represents the First District of Albany-
county. He was born in the town of Berne, New York,
March 31st, 1804, and has always resided within a mile of
the place of his birth. He is a farmer, and dealer in blue
quarry stone. In 1830, he was elected Constable, running
as stump candidate, and receiving one hundred majority.
For over twenty years, Mr. Conger was Justice of the
Peace, which office he held, for sixteen successive years.
He was also Justice of Sessions, five years. His original
political views were those maintained by the Democracy ;
at present he is a Republican. Last fall, Mr. Conger ran
for the Assembly, against "William J. Snyder, and was
elected by a majority of six hundred and nine. He serves,
in the present Assembly, on the Committees on Expendi-
tures of the House, and Roads and Bridges.
JOSEPH COVELL,
Mr. Covell was a Democrat until after the election of
President Pierce, in 1852. The policy pursued during
his administration, and the circumstances which gave it
direction, led Mr. Covell to believe that the power which
controlled the platform of the Democratic party was
firmly located in the Slave States, and that it must
necessarily remain there unless aifected by some unforseen
convulsion. It was further clearly apparent to him that
those who were termed the Fire Eaters of the South were
intent on the destruction of the government; that they
controlled the South, and that the South controlled the
Democratic party. Accordingly, in 1856, he took a
decided stand in favor of the principles of the Republican
party, and he has ever since zealously endeavored to assist
in thwarting the designs of those who would destroy our
institutions of liberty. Politically, Mr. Covell occupies
no ambiguous ground. He is most emphatic in the declar-
ation of his opinions, though never denunciatory. In the
Assembly he is unobtrusive in his manner, never seeking
to make himself conspicuous for the sake of mere effect,
thus fully verifying the old Greek maxim : " We have two
ears and but one mouth, in order that we may hear the
more and speak the less." Mr. Covell's face gives us
the impression that he is a fair, sound-hearted man, and
his reputation does not belie appearances. His place of
nativity is Hadley, Saratoga county, Kew York, where he
was born in 1808. He was reared on a farm, until he was
Beventeen years of age, at which time he left home to
attend an Academy. During the succeeding six or seven
years, he was engaged in acquiring an Academical educa-
tion, and in teaching. In 1833, he married and settled on
29
226 LIFE SKETCHES.
a fann in the town of Edinburgh, Saratoga county. He
followed farming as his principal occupation, until 1856,
having held, at different times, the offices of Justice of the
Peace, and Supervisor of the town. While in the dis-
charge of his duties, his mind was directed to many legal
questions which came before him, and thus by degrees,
the idea of practicing law as a profession, suggested itself
to him, and finally settled into a determination. Supply-
ing himself with the necessary books, he soon fitted
himself for an examination. He obtained a license as
Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, in 1856; and from that
period until the year 1860, he followed his profession, and
also conducted his agricultural affairs. He then disposed
of his farm and removed to Fish House Village in the
town of Northampton, Fulton county, where he now
resides and practices law exclusively. He was elected by
the Republicans as Member of the Assembly, in 1865 ;
and during that term was a member of the Committee of
Ways and Means, and acted as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Petitions of Aliens. His constituents reelected
him in 1866, by a majority nearly three times as great as
in 1865. He is on the Committees on Judiciary and
Federal Relations.
CHARLES M. CRANDALL.
Mr. Ckandall, a son of Benjamin- G. Ckandall, is
forty-one years of age. His native place is Amity — now
Belmont, Allegany county, New York. Having been left
an orphan when he was six years old, he found a home
with his grand-parents. His grand-father, Samuel Yak
Campen — a name intimately connected with some of the
hardships wrought by the Revolution — removed from
Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, in company with ten
other families, in 1797, and settled in what is now called
Allegany county. They were the first white inhabitants
in that section of the State. The first religious meeting
ever held in the town of Amity, convened at his house.
Mr. Crandall graduated from the Medical College at
Castleton, Vermont, in 1859. Since that time, he has
been a practicing physician of acknowledged skill, in the
town of Belfast, Kew York.
In 1864, he was chosen Member of Assembly by the
Republicans of the First District of Allegany county. He
was reelected in 1865 ; and he was an able member of the
Committees on Ways and Means, Public Health, Medical
Societies and Colleges, and was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Expenditures of the House. During the last
political campaign. Dr. Crandall again was the reci-
pient of public honors, by again being reelected to the
House, to represent the whole of Allegany county, by a
majority of 3,740. While the country was convulsed by
the rebellion, he gratuitously devoted his medical services
to the care of the sick and wounded, from the time of the
battle of Fair Oaks until after the army arrived at Harri-
son's Landing, and when the battle of Fredericksburgh
occurred, he again visited the horrible scenes of the hospi-
228 LIFE SKETCHES.
tals, and rendered essential aid to the suffering. While
there, he became impressed with a senses of the necessity
of medical agents to be sent by our State, to look after
our wounded men.
In February, 1863, he attended the regular annual meet-
ing of the New York State Medical Society, and intro-
duced the following resolution :
"Whereas, The present civil war has caused the hospitals of the
District of Columbia to be filled with sick and wounded soldiers
from this State, proportionate to the number of volunteers sent
out; and, whereas, every safeguard possible should be thrown
around those who have periled their all for us ; therefore,
Resolved^ That the New York State Medical Society respectfully
request of our Legislature and Executive to earnestly consider the
propriety of appointing an agent, to reside at Washington, who
shall be a physician and surgeon, with clerical assistants, whose
only business shall be to look after the interest and welfare of the
sick and wounded of the State of New York.
The resolution was violently opposed by some members
of the society. The subject was referred to a committee,
which reported favorably. Drs. Swinburne and S. D.
WiLLARD were appointed as a committee to present the
subject to the Governor and the Legislature. The result
was the passage of the act entitled, " An Act to provide
additional means of relief for sick and wounded soldiers
of the State of New York, in the United States of
America." As the initiator of the above movement. Dr.
Ckandall is deserving of the gratitude of the people.
In mid-summer, 1864, two of his brothers were wounded,
in front of Atlanta. He hastened to their assistance, and
was in constant attendance in the hospitals of Nashville
and Louisville for several weeks. He was appointed
Surgeon of the 141st Regiment, New York Volunteers,
receiving the unanimous vote of the officers of the regi-
ment. Colonel Hayt (brother of Canal Commissioner
CHARLES M. CK AND ALL. 220
Hayt), commanding. On the day before he received intel-
ligence of his appointment, he was nominated for reflection
as Member of Assembly ; therefore, he reluctantly declined
the position in the regiment. April 3d, 1865, on receiving
the news of the battles in front of Petersburgh and Kich-
mond, he was requested by Governor Fenton to " hasten
to City Point, the Army of the Potomac, or wherever the
sufferers from the late battles most demand attendance,
and assist in taking care of wounded New York soldiers."
On the 24th of the same month, he was appointed by
Governor Fenton, Military Agent of the State of New
York, at City Point, Virginia. He remained at that place,
until it was abandoned. Subsequently he held the appoint-
ment of Visiting Agent of Military Hospitals, and spent
some time in the various hospitals of the Department of
the Potomac.
Doctor Ceandall is a man of recognized competence,
both in his profession, and in the Legislature. Humane in
heart, upright in motives, he has a past upon which he can
look with satisfaction. During the terms he has so honor-
ably served in the Assembly, he has been prominently
identified with several very important measures. He took
a special interest in the commission and appointment of the
late Doctor Willakd, of Albany, to investigate the condi-
tion of the insane poor domiciled in the alms houses of the
State; and also the bills to increase the capital stock of
the New York and Erie Railroad Company to $4,000,000,
and for the completion and improvement of the Chenango
and Genesee Valley Canals. The bill for the establishment
of a Masonic Hall and Asylum in New York, which was one
of the greatest benevolent enterprises of the Masons, was
introduced and forwarded by him. He was very active in
behalf of the act establishing the Willard Asylum, zeal-
ously supported the Cornell University, and the Metro-
politan Health and Fire Department Bills. He introduced
230 LIFE SKETCHES.
and urged a very important measure, which passed to final
enactment, relative to the Quarantine laws ; and strenu-
ously oj^posed the bill increasing the fare on the New
York Central Railroad.
THOMAS J. CREAMER.
Thomas J. Creamer is of Irish descent, and was born on
the 26th of May, 1841. He left school when ten years of
age, having had a common school education in the city
of New York ; and engaged, shortly afterward, in the dry
goods establishment of A. T. Stewart & Co., where he
remained several years ; but, desiring to change his course
of life, from a mercantile to a professional career, he
labored night and day to improve a deficient education,
and, when he arrived at the age of twenty-one years, was
admitted as a Member of the Bar. He has since been
engaged in active political life, having been elected to the
Legislature when he was but twenty-three years of age,
polling the largest vote ever cast for any candidate in the
district he represents. In the Legislature of 1865, he took
an active part in the debates on all questions relating to
the city of New York. During the session, he delivered
a speech in opposition to the establishment of a paid Fire
Department in New York, which was considered one of
the most effective and eloquent, on that side of the subject.
Mr. Creamer was reelected to the Legislature in the fall
of 1865, by over 2,000 majority, and was a prominent and
energetic member during the session of 1866, serving on
the Committees on Railroads, Claims and Engrossed Bills.
He was a strong advocate of a change in the Militia Laws
of the State, in order to place the old fogy generals, who,
THOMAS J. CREAMEK. 231
he believed, were a drag on the efficiency of our State
Militia, on the retired list ; and did much to pass the law
which has brought about the desired change. He was
reelected to the present House, by an increased majority.
Mr. Creamer, although a young man, takes a prominent
and influential position ijj the Assembly. He is more of a
debater than an orator. Although he is not gifted with that
plethora of language, so delightful to its possessor, and so
annoying to those who are compelled frequently to listen
to it, he is possessed of those more essential qualities of a
successful legislator — a clear and attractive manner of
presenting a question ; concise and logical method of expo-
sition ; quickness of perception, both as to his own position
and opportunities, and those of his opponents ; thorough
knowledge of the rules of the House and of parliamentary
practice; and a personal bearing to all with whom he
comes in contact, calculated to rally strong support. Mr.
Creamer was placed by the Speaker on the important
Committee on Privileges and Elections, of which he is an
efficient member.
BERNARD CREGAN.
Bernard Cregan was born on the 15th of October,
1832, in Ireland. At an early age he was left an orphan,
and thrown upon his own resources. When seven years
old, he went to sea as a cabin boy, starting from Liverpool,
and going thence to Gibraltar and Hong Kong, returning,
after a long absence, to the port from which he started.
Being desirous of visiting America, he shipped for this
country upon the ill-fated steamer, the Ocean Monarch,
which, when a short distance out, was destroyed by fire,
the calamity resulting in a loss of about four hundred
lives. Mr. Cregan was saved by hanging on to the chain
under the bowsprit, his arm being cut into the bone,
leaving a scar which still remains. After his rescue he
returned to Liverpool and once more started for America
as a cabin boy. From New York he went to New Orleans,
soon after returning to the Great Metropolis. Here he
sought and obtained work, part of the time being engaged
in the Sun newspaper office. In 1848 he caught the gold
fever, and went to California, by way of Cape Horn,
remaining there until 1851, when he returned, by way
of Panama, to New York, where he engaged in mercan-
tile pursuits, which have ever since occupied his attention.
It was not till about three years since that Mr. Cregan
entered into politics. He is a Tammany Hall Democrat,
but last fall received the indorsement of all wings of his
party, as a candidate for the Assembly — a deserved testi-
monial to his personal popularity. He is one of two
Democrats in the Legislature who voted for the Constitu-
tional Amendment. He represents the Thirteenth Assem-
bly District of New York city.
HENRY CRIBBEN
Mr. Cribben is of English birth. He was born in the
Isle of Man, December 18th, 1834. Having immigrated
to this country, he ultimately settled in the city of Roch-
ester, New York, where he followed the occupation of
iron moulder. He is etill one of that handicraft, com-
bining in his character, intelligence, thrift and patriotism.
Representing the laboring classes, as well as others, he
knows, by his own experience, what is for the good of the
working people, both in his own city and in the State at
large. He was elected to the Assembly by the Republican
party, by one hundred and seventy-eight majority over
Chauncey Perry, Esq. He is on the Committees on
Trade and Manufactures, and Grievances.
Mr. Cribben entered the military service of the United
States, August 26th, 1862, as a private in the 140th
Regiment, New York Volunteers, performing a soldier's
duties, until June 2d, 1864, when the Rebels took him
prisoner, at Bethesda Church, Virginia, and thus cut
short his efficiency. They gave him the full benefit of
their infernal prison-pens. By way of introduction, they
allowed him limited quarters in Libby Prison, where fresh
air was as rare as their loyalty. After receiving the tortur-
ing accommodations to be found there, they transferred
him to Oglethorpe Prison, Macon, Georgia, anticipating,
no doubt, that a little more tropical heat would burn out
either his life or his loyalty ; not succeeding in their pur-
poses, they placed him in the Marine Prison, at Savannah,
and, subsequently, in four difierent pens which they digni-
fied by the name of prison, in South Carolina. Finally,
Mr. Cribben was confined at Charlotte, North Carolina,
where he determined not to enjoy any more of their hos-
30
234 LIFE SKETCHES.
pitality, and succeeded in making his escape, February
16th, 1865. After traveling a distance of nearly four
hundred miles, suffering from a loss of strength in conse-
quence of his emaciated condition, running risks which
kept his nerves strained to their highest tension, for fear
of being discovered by merciless scouts, he reached Knox-
ville, Tennessee, March 17th, 1865.
His active military record is distinguished for his par-
ticipation in the battles of Fredricksburgh, Chancel-
lorsville, Gettysburgh, Rappahanock, Mine Run, the
Wilderness, Laurel HilL, Spottsylvania, North Anne
River and Bethesda Church, where, as we have before
mentioned, he was captured.
He was promoted through different grades, for his
bravery, and finally, when the war was ended, he ranked
as Captain. He was honorably discharged from the ser-
vice, June 3d, 1865.
JOHN E. DEVELIN.
Me. Develin was born in Yonkers, Westchester county
on the 31st of August, 1820. His father was a native of
Ireland, who came to America, in the year 1814. His
mother was one of the Ireland family, of Long Island.
In 1824, when Mr. Develin was four years old, his father
removed to the city of New York, where the son has con-
tinued ever since to reside. At an early age, he was sent
to school, and was prepared for College, at the old Gram-
mar School, in. Murray street, of which the Principal was
Mr. Charles H. Anthon, whose excellence as an educator
of youth, has gained for him a just celebrity. In 1836, at
the age of sixteen years, Mr. Develin entered Georgetown
JOHN E. DEVELIN. 235
College, in the District of Columbia, an institution under
the management of the order of Jesuits. He was gradu-
ated, first in his class, in 1840. Upon his return to the
city of New York, he commenced the study of law with
Jonathan Millee, Esq., a leading practitioner, and was
admitted to the Bar, in 1844. Later, he became a partner
of Mr. Millee, and remained so until the latter's death, a
few years since. In the fall of 1845, Mr. Develin was
a candidate for the Assembly, to which position he was
elected, and reelected in 1846, serving honorably during
both sessions. His object in going to the Legislature
was to procure the enactment of laws for the aid and
protection of emigrants, and to secure an act of incorpo-
ration for St. John's College, at Fordham, a Catholic
institution, which has since passed under the control of
the order of Jesuits. Mr. Develin was successful in both
of his objects. He introduced the first bill for the care
and protection of emigrants, which, after passing the
House, was so amended in the Senate, as to provide for
the organization of the Board of Commissioners of
Emigration. At the close of the session of 1847, he
retired from an active participation in politics, and
devoted himself assiduously to the practice of his pro-
fession. But, during his entire career, he has given
special attention to the subject of emigration, and has
personally prepared nearly every law upon that subject,
which is upon the Statute Books of this State. He was
himself appointed a member of the Board of Commis-
sioners of Emigration, the duties of which he performed
for several years. He was Chairman of the Committee of
the Board which had charge of the hospitals at Staten
Island, during the epidemic cholera of 1849. On retiring
from the Board, he was appointed Counsel to the Commis-
sioners of Emigration, which position he held, until very
recently, when he resigned. In !N"ovember, 1862, Mr.
236 > LIFE SKETCHES.
Develin was elected Counsel to the Corporation of the
city of New York, holding that office until his term of
office expired, in 1866. In the fall of 1866, he was again
returned as Member of Assembly. His district embraces
the rural and most beautiful portion of New York Island,
lying on the southern and western side of Central Park,
and includes Bloomingdale, Manhattanville, Carmansville,
Washington Heights, Kings Bridge, and High Bridge.
In politics, Mr. Develin has always been a Democrat,
cheerfully aiding the government in crushing the rebellion.
But his genial ways have secured for him a host of friends
among men of all parties. He is affable, intelligent,
refined, and generous, and counts among his warm
admirers, nearly all of those who have the pleasure of an
acquaintance with him. He is, by birth and education, a
Catholic. In 1854, he married a daughter of Charles A.
Stetson, Esq., of the Astor House. At the present time,
he resides near Manhattanville, on the banks of the
Hudson, and lives in a style which comports with his
refined tastes and abundant means. His popularity among
his people and neighbors is evinced by the majority which
he obtained in his district, at the last election, having a
plurality of about 1,100, in a vote of 2,200.
HENRY M. DIXON.
This member from the Seventh District of Kings
county, was born in Ireland on the 30th of September,
1835, and is consequently, in the thirty-second year of his
age. When but a child, he came to this country in com-
pany with an aunt, and located in the city of New York.
Shortly after, he removed to Williamsburgh, and engaged
to a farmer, remaining with him for about a year.
Thrown entirely upon his own resources, he managed to
learn a mechanical branch of trade, and at the age of
seventeen, was in business for himself. Mr. Dixon was
always an active member of the Fire Department, having
been a private, assistant-foreman and foreman of one of
the leading companies of Williamsburgh. For two terms,'
he was President of the Department, and in 1866, was a
candidate for Chief Engineer, being defeated by but a few
votes, after a most exciting contest, in which more than
ordinary effort was made to elect his opponent. At an
early period, he took an active interest in politics ; and in
1863, ran as the Democratic candidate for Alderman of
the Thirteenth Ward (a Republican stronghold), but was
defeated by a small majority — an evidence of his pop-
ularity with the masses. In the contest which resulted
in his election to the Assembly, the whole city took a deep
interest, and opinion was much divided as to the result.
Ira Buckman, Jr., a member of the House in 1866, was
his opponent, but Mr. Dixon triumphed by quite seven
hundred majority, much to the astonishment of the oppo-
sition. Mr. Dixon has always been a Democrat.
CONSTANTINE DONOHO.
Mr. Donoho represents the Second Assembly District
of the city of New York, having be^n elected as a Tam-
many and McKeon Democrat, over Byeam Gaughan
(Union Democrat), and Geoege Ross (Republican Union),
by a majority of 913. He was a member of the House in
1866, serving on the Committee on Joint Library.
Mr. DoNOHO is a native of ISTew York city, where he
was born, on the 26th of September, 1840. He is of Irish
parentage. His education was acquired in the Common
Schools of the city. At present he holds a clerkship in
the Bureau of Arrears, in the office of the Comptroller
of the city of New York. He entered the political arena,
in 1861, as an independent candidate for the Assembly, in
the district which he now represents ; but was defeated.
In 1865, Mr. Donoho was again a candidate, the nomina-
tion being tendered to him, four days previous to the
election. This time, he was elected by a handsome
majority. He is now serving on the Committee on Salt.
In 1862, he served three months as a private in the 69th
ISTew York State Militia, guarding Washington ; at the
expiration of that time, he returned home with his regi-
ment, and again engaged in business pursuits. Mr.
Donoho is youthful in personal appearance, has dark,
curly hair, florid complexion, and is of medium stature.
His stock of good nature is abundant. He is considerable
of a ward politician, and has the confidence of his con-
stituents.
JACOB H. DUNTZ
Me. Duntz was a farmer by occupation, until two years
ago ; he then engaged in buying and selling sheep, on
quite a large scale. All of his business associations have
been marked by practicality and honesty; and mingled
with his toil, he has enjoyed the confidence of his towns-
men, both socially and politically.
Mr. DuNTz is a native of Gallatin, Columbia county,
New York, and is nearly thirty-one years of age. His
father died when his son Jacob was five years old, leaving
a wife and four children, besides a large landed estate for
their maintenance. The circumstances in which Mr.
DuNTZ was placed in his childhood, naturally gave direc-
tion to his future occupation. The two farms left by his
father awakened, in his mind, a laudable ambition to con-
tinue in the avocation of agriculture. Living at a
distance of two miles from any school house, his oppor-
tunities for acquiring an education were neither easy nor
attractive ; but he plodded over the route in the winter
season, in spite of the cold and bad walking, until he was
sufficiently versed in the English branches to teach a Dis-
trict School.
Mr. DuNTz has been a member of the Board of Super-
visors in his county, for four successive years. In the fall
of 1865, he was nominated for the Assembly by the
Republicans, but was defeated by fifty-one majority.
Last autumn, however, the order of things was reversed,
and he was elected by eighty-two majority. Mr. Duntz
is greatly esteemed by those who have known him from a
boy, and is recognized as a loyal, patriotic citizen. Offi-
cially, he is not among those who do a vast amount of
superlative talking, but in the main, his acts display his
good common sense of which he has a large stock.
CHARLES G. ELLIS
Mr. Ellis was born in the city of Schenectady, Schenec-
tady county, New York, on the 27th of October, 1842.
He is of Scotch descent, his father, John Ellis, having
emigrated to this country from Scotland, about the year
1820. His mother was of the same origin, and in moral
and intellectual qualities, was excelled by few. His father
has been long and favorably known throughout the United
States, as the proprietor of one of the largest Locomotive
Works in the country ; and the engines themselves are
everywhere known as of the very best finish and the
greatest durability. Being in affluent circumstances, he
gave his son Chakles opportunities for education, corres-
ponding to his wealth. For many years, he had the
advantages of the best Academy in the city of Schenec-
tady. Having there completed a regular course, he was
admitted a member of one of the best boarding schools,
(Doctor Reed's, at Geneva) in the State of Kew York.
There his mind gave evidence of that activity and business
talent which has marked his after life. Attending with
diligence to his studies, he laid the foundation of a
thorough education. After leaving that institution, he
at once entered upon the active duties of life, taking the
place formerly held by his father, who had recently died.
He is now one of four brothers who carry on the Schenec-
tady Locomotive Works.
He began his political career as a Republican, having
been elected Alderman of his city in the spring of 1866,
and discharged his duties in a highly satisfactory manner.
Last fall he was elected to the Assembly by five hundred
and seventeen majority, in a Democratic county. Though
not engaged on the field in military service, yet at home,
JOSEPH B. FAY. 241
he energetically worked with head and means, for the
vigorous prosecution of the war ; and from the firing of
the first gun on Sumter until the fall of the Rebel Con-
federacy, he was a firm, constant and liberal supporter of
the Government.
Mr. Ellis is a member of the Committees on the Afiairs
of Villages and Expenditures of the House. Though
young, he displays discretion in his legislative acts which
compares favorably with that of maturer years, and
which promises to give him a post of honor still higher
than the one which he now holds.
JOSEPH B. FAY
This is Mr. Fay's second term in the House. Repre-
senting a fine farming section, and being a farmer by
occupation, he is well qualified to look after the local
necessities of his district. He is Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Agriculture.
Being radical in his views, it was natural that he should
answer the call of the country to defend it, in the hour of
peril. Therefore, laying aside the implements of peaceful
pursuits, he enlisted as Captain in the 154th Regiment
New York Volunteers, on the 22d of August, 1862. He
was a participant in the battle of Gettysburgh; and,
during the fight, he was taken prisoner. His regiment
arrived at the scene of action, on the 1st of July, 1863,
and was hurried into the engagement as quickly as possible.
His brigade was ordered to the right, in order to extend
their line ; but a charge was made by the enemy in over-
whelming numbers. The enemy's line extending to their
right, so as to expose the 154th Regiment to^an enfilading
31
242 LIFE SKETCHES.
fire, it was compelled to attempt a change of position ;
but, in the meantime, such an advantage had been gained
by the opposing forces as to enable them to completely
hem in the Regiment on three sides. Being thus over-
powered, a surrender was imperative. Rations were not
served to the prisoners, until three days after they were
captured ; and Captain Fay, at the end of that time, had
four ounces of fresh beef and a cup of raw flour given
him. Suffering from a wound on his head, which had
been dealt him by a rebel, in a hand to hand encounter, he
begged for medical aid , but none was given to him, until
the seventh day after his capture, when one of the surgeons
gave him a hasty prescription, with the consoling assurance
that probably nothing would help him. Being imprisoned
in Libby Prison, he made up his mind that he had fought
his last battle, and " hoed his last row." The public are
familiar with the horrible details of our prisoners' suffer-
ings; and it is sufficient to say that Captain Fay, during
eight or nine months, was made to drink the bitter draught
to the dregs. But through the influence of Misses Anna
and Amorett Jones, who kindly prevailed upon their
brother, Mr. S. B. Jones, residing at Memphis, Tennessee,
to go to Richmond and intercede for him, he was at last
released from his tortures.
Captain Fay was born, in 1817. He is of Scotch extrac-
tion, and possesses many of the points of firmness, so
common to that race. Although he is not a man who may
be said to " carry his heart on his coat sleeve," yet, when
fitting occasions present themselves, he is generous and
charitable.
LEANDER W. FISKE.
Me. Fiske is a lawyear, and a native of Booneville,
Oneida county, New York, at which place he was born,
September 30th, 1835. His interests have been connected
with that town, during his entire life. Booneville, an incor-
porated village of considerable enterprise, and the terminus
of the Black River and Utica Railroad, is his present place
of residence. His ancestors came from England, and settled
in Rhode Island, as early as 1725; and though the blood
of John Bull has not been diluted to any great extent, in
the veins of succeeding generations, yet, a love for Repub-
lican institutions has been carefully nurtured and preserved.
Therefore, it was the most natural thing in the world, that
Mr. Fiske should cast his virgin vote for Johj?^ C. Fremont.
His politics have remained unchanged, except as they have
advanced with the progressive mutations attending the
Republican party; hence, his actions are gauged by
the great rule of equity and justice to all men, whether
black or white. He enlisted in 1862, as private in Com-
pany D, 146th Regiment, New York Volunteers; but he
was soon discharged by the War Department, on account
of deafness, which wholly unfitted him for service. Thus
ended his military career ; but he had done his duty to the
best of his ability, regretting, however, that he could not
participate in the active scenes of war which were going
on at the South. On his return home, he resumed his
profession as a lawyer, which he still follows. He was
elected to the Assembly, last fall, by a majority of five
hundred and seventy-one. He was appointed, by, the
Speaker, on the Committees on Two-thirds and Three-fifths
Bills, and Militia and Public Defense ; he is Chairman of
the former.
ALEXANDER FREAR
Me. Freak is of Huguenot extraction. His family-
emigrated to this country, about the middle of the seven-
teenth century — the three brothers Fkear having obtained
a grant, from the States of Holland, of lands on the Hud-
son river, now embraced in the counties of Ulster and
Dutchess. Their descendants are still numerous in that
region, and are generally thrifty, prosperous citizens. Mr.
James B. Freak, of Poughkeepsie, was a man of an
active, restless temper, and took a strong interest in poli-
tics. The party feeling between the friends of Governor
Tompkins and Dewitt Clinton, was very high, and Mr.
Fkear was zealous in his support of the " Bucktails."
He was one of the most influential Republicans in the
county of Dutchess, and retained his ascendancy until his
death, which took place in 1833. His son, the subject of
this sketch, Alexander Frear, was born at Pough-
keepsie, on the 18th of August, 1820. He received a
common school education, and afterward attended the
academy in his native town. He began, at an early age,
to display the energy, and other characteristics, for which
his father had been distinguished. At fourteen, he became
a clerk in a store at Poughkeepsie, but not being contented
there, went to New York about three years afterward,
and, at the age of nineteen, became a partner in the house
of Sheldon & Company, in Pearl street. He remained
there until 1848, when he established the importing house
of Alexander Frear & Company in New York, with
branches in Chicago and Galena. This firm prospered and
carried on a heavy business, until the financial revulsion
of 1857. The effects of this crisis were more disastrous
at the West, even, than in New York, and the establish-
ment was compelled to close up its affairs.
ALEXANDER PEEAR. 245
Mr. Feeae now entered more deeply into politics, and
was elected to the Board of Councilmen, from the Seventh
Senatorial District. The next year, he was chosen Alder-
man for the Eleventh District, consisting of the Twentieth
Ward of the city of New York. The same indefatigable
energy and singleness of purpose, which had characterized
him as a man of business, he now displayed in his official
duties. The rebellion broke out, and he was among the
foremost in sustaining the Government, using his official,
as well as personal, influence, to secure the adoption of
measures for furnishing men and money for the service
of the country. His enthusiasm was so great, as almost
to sever his previous political associations, and he took the
lead in organizing a Union Association in the Twentieth
Ward, in the fall of 1861, comprising both Democrats and
Republicans, and electing its candidates for the Assembly
and other offices.
In 1865, Mr. Frear was elected to the Assembly by a
plurality of about eight hundred votes, over a Demo-
cratic candidate who had the conservative Republican
nomination. He was reelected in 1866, by an increased
majority. In the Legislature, as in the Common Council,
though never distinguished as a debater, he has been
known as one of the most effective and successful men
that ever engaged in public business — fully justifying
his previous reputation for shrewdness, energy and fidelity.
To these qualifications and endowments, he is indebted
for his popularity.
HENRY WEBB GENET
Me. Genet was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, Feb-
ruary 27th, 1828. His father was John M. Genet, a
native of France, who came to America during the
troubles which ensued upon the first French Revolution.
His mother was a native of Ireland, who emigrated to
this country, in childhood.
Mr. Genet, the elder, removed to Albany when the
subject of our notice was about one year of age, and
went into commercial business, near the river. His son
Henry attended school in Albany, for several years, and
then taking a fancy for the life of an agriculturist, was
placed upon a farm in the town of Monroe, Saratoga
county, where he remained four or five years, diligently
prosecuting his literary studies, during the winter months.
When about sixteen years of age, Mr. Genet left the
farm, and entered the Glens Falls Academy, where he
remained about a year and a half. He then left and went
to the city of New York, where his father was then resid-
ing.
When about nineteen years of age, he entered the
University of the city of New York, at which he remained
two years, and then entered the law office of Mr. Hastings,
in that city, and was, in due time, admitted, finishing his
preparatory studies in the office of McCunn & Moncrief.
He was, in early life, an enthusiastic admirer of Henry
Clay, and, during the life of that great man, naturally
acted with the Whig party. On the dissolution of that
organization, he joined the Democracy, with which he
has ever since cooperated. In 1857, he was elected on the
Democratic ticket to the Board of Councilmen from the
Twelfth Ward of New York. The following year he
HENEY WEBB GENET. 247
was elected Alderman, and reelected two years after,
being chosen President of the Board, during the last
two years of his term. In 1861, he was elected to the
responsible office of County Clerk, the duties of which
he discharged during the years 1862, 1863 and 1864.
He was elected to represent the Twenty-first Assembly
District of the city and county of New York, at the
fall election of 1^66. Mr. Genet is a quiet member,
closely attentive to the business of the House, and exer-
cises great influence where he is known. He is a thorough
politician, but is neither narrow nor exclusive in his par-
tisanship, and is one of the most efficient workers on
the floor.
During the three most important years of the war,
viz.: the years ending January 1st, 1864, Mr. Genet,
as President of the Board of Aldermen was, ex officio^ a
member of the War Fund Committee, of which the Mayor
of the city, and the President of the Board of Council-
men, were also, ex officio members. Every one remembers
the constant and valuable aid rendered by this organization
to the National Government, during the dark era of our
history which has just closed so triumphantly, and there
was, on the Committee, no one who privately, or in his
public capacity, was found more ready to support every
measure dictated by patriotism, than Mr. Genet; and
his votes will always be found in favor of the most
lavish support, in blood and treasure, of our threatened
Nationality.
GEORGE C. GIBBS
Mr. Gibbs was born in the town of Harpersfield, Dela-
ware county, New York, on the 6th of January, 1832.
His father removed with his family to Jefferson, Scho-
harie county, in 1840, where he purchased a farm, on
which the later boyhood of Mr Gibbs was passed. After
receiving a good common school and academic education,
for some years he taught common schools during the
winter, and aided in the labors of the farm, in summer.
When he reached the age of twenty-one, he was nomi-
nated on the Whig ticket, and elected town Superintendent
of Schools for the town of Jefferson. He afterward
applied himself to the study of architecture, and finally
entered into business, as a contractor and builder, in Stam-
ford, Delaware county. He pursued that business until
the Southern conflict.
In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, 3d New
York Cavalry, then being raised by Captain (afterward
Colonel) Fekris Jacobs, Jr. When the company was
mustered in at Elmira, he was chosen Quartermaster-
Sergeant, and was soon promoted to First Sergeant.
Early in 1863, he was commissioned First Lieutenant,
his regiment being stationed at Newbern, North Carolina.
In September and October, 1864, he served as Acting-
Assistant Inspector-General, on the Staff of Colonel R. M.
West, commanding the 2nd Brigade of General Kautz's
Cavalry Division. He was promoted to Captain, in the
following January, and served upon the Staff of Colonel
Geo. W. Lewis, until his regiment was consolidated with
the 1st New York Mounted Rifles, forming the 4th New
York Provisional Cavalry. While he was attached to that
regiment, he participated in almost every battle and skir-
GEOEGE C. GIBBS. 249
mish in which his regiment was engaged during its whole
period of service. On all these occasions, he behaved
with conspicuous gallantry. The courage and address with
which he led the advance into an entrenched camp of
the Rebels, near Kinston, and his coolness, when, under the
command of Major Hall, his squadron of Cavalry covered
the retreat of General Wilson, after his raid upon the
communications of General Lee, in 1865, were especially
admired by his brother officers. On the latter occasion,
the whole Rebel column was kept at bay, for more than
an hour, until the bridge over Stony Creek was burned,
and our cavalry finally escaped by swimming the stream.
Lieutenant Gibbs spurred his horse off a high rock into
the river, and barely escaped in safety.
In the battle of Goldsboro', he was slightly wounded by
a musket ball, in the arm and side, his life being saved
by a package of papers in his coat pocket; and in an
engagement on the Derby town road, before Richmond, he
was severely wounded through the left leg, by a Minie
ball.
Last year, he received a commission as Brevet-Major,
New York Volunteers, for " gallant and meritorious ser-
vices in the late war" — a testimonial to his worth and
fidelity as an officer. Major Gibbs is now engaged in
business as a stove and tin dealer, in Stamford, Delaware
county. He was nominated for Member of Assembly, by
the Republican party, in 1866, and received a majority of
two hundred and seventy-four votes over his competitor.
•When the Speaker made his appointments, he placed Mr.
Gibbs on the Committees on State Prisons, and Charitable
and Religious Societies.
32
COLUMBUS GILL
Me. Gill represents Warren county, and is a Member
of the Committee on Roads and Bridges. Like a majority
of the prominent men of the times, he is a self-made man.
His father was a native of England, who came to this
country before the days of the Revolution, in which he
took an active part in favor of his adopted country. His
mother was a true Xew England woman, who taught the
principles of liberty to her numerous family of boys, two
of whom were in the war of 1812, and participated in the
battle of Plattsburgh.
Mr. Gill was born in Castleton, Vermont, in 1809. He
now lives in Stony Creek, New York. By avocation, he is
a merchant; and, through industry and frugality, enjoys a
competency. He has been for many years a Justice of the
Peace, Supervisor, several terms Justice of Sessions, and
Postmaster. Mr. Gill is a straightforward, independent
man, positive and firm in his convictions; he cares little
for dull abstractions, looking upon matters in a practical
light, and giving no time to outward show. His views of
general matters are clear and comprehensive. To a
stranger he might at times appear somewhat reticent,
though he is frank and cordial — a true friend.
GEORGE M. GLEASON
This gentleman, representing the First District of St.
Lawrence county, was born in what was then called Poto
Ferry, and which is now the town of Pitcairn, New York.
He is thirty-eight years old.
Mr. Gleason attended school until eighteen years of
age, when he became a teacher. He taught until he was
twenty-eight years old. Since that time, he has been
engaged in farming.
In September, 1861, he enlisted in the service of the
United States, as a private in Company D, 60th Regiment
New York Volunteers. In October following he was
made Second Lieutenant, in which capacity he served
either with his company, then stationed at the Relay
House, Maryland, guarding the Baltimore & Ohio Rail-
road, or in recruiting service at Ogdensburgh, until May,
1862, when his regiment was ordered to report to General
SiGEL at Harper's Ferry. Soon after their arrival he was
appointed Assistant-Quartermaster of the Regiment, and
accompanied it on its marches through the Shenandoah
and Rappahannock Valleys, until August, when he was
attacked with typhoid fever, in consequence of which he
was reduced from one hundred and ninety pounds to one
hundred and eight. The surgeon in charge informed him
that there was no probability of his recovering his health,
while in active service, and he therefore tendered his
resignation accompanied by the surgeon's certificate of
disability, which was accepted. In his emaciated condi-
tion, he returned home.
Mr. Gleason has three times been chosen Supervisor
of Pitcairn; he also served five years as Justice of the
Peace, and four years as town Superintendent of Common
262 LIFE SKETCHES.
Schools. In 1866, he represented his district in the Legis-
lature, and he. has been returned to the present Assembly
by an increased majority. The Speaker appointed him on
the Committee on Claims, and Indian Affairs ; he is Chair-
man of the latter.
Mr. Gleason began political life as a Democrat, and
voted with that party until 1856, when he cast his first
Republican vote for John C. Feemont. Since then he
has been a Republican of the most radical character, advo-
cating negro suffrage, and opposing amnesty to rebels ; in
these sentiments he reflects the opinions of his constitu-
ents. Mr. Gleason is a plain, modest man, and is
endowed with good, practical sense.
JOHN VON GUILDER GRIDLEY,
Mr. Geidley is a descendant of one of the oldest Welsh
families on our soil. His great-grandfather was one of
three brothers who emigrated to this country about the
year 1728, settling in different sections, Mr. Gridley's
direct ancestor locating in Connecticut. Mr. Grid-
ley's grandfather married the only sister of Major Von
Guilder, of New Jersey, and removed to New York
city. By this marriage, there were two children, a son
and a daughter. The son, John Von Guilder Gridley,
became a prominent builder of New York city, instituted
the Builders' Protective Association, and held the position
of President of the organization, at the time of his death.
His second son, the present Member of the House, was
born on the 29th of March, 1822, at the corner of Spencer
and Thompson streets, New York city, where his father
lived until Mr. Gridley was nearly six years of age,
JOHN VON GUILDER GRIDLEY. 263
when he removed into King street, residing there until his
death. Mr. Gridley succeeded his father in the building
business, and became equally eminent in it. After follow-
ing the avocation for many years, he turned his attention
to the law, studied and graduated at the New York Univer-
sity, commenced its practice, and is now an able lawyer
of New York city. This is Mr. Gridley's first term in
the Assembly. He has exhibited superior qualifications,
as a working legislator. He is a valuable Member of the
Committee on Cities, bringing to that responsible posi-
tion a thorough knowledge of the governmental machinery,
political complications, and diverse business interests of
New York city, which, with his quick perceptions, not
only of the general merits of the measures that come
before the Committee, but of the detail of their pro-
visions, contribute to give him a powerful influence in
shaping legislation in the place where the work is really
done, in Committee.
WILLIAM GURLEY,
Mr. Gueley is of New England origin, his parents
having removed from Mansfield, Connecticut, in the year
1813, and settled in West Troy, Albany county, New
York. Here his father, Epheaim Gueley, started an iron
foundery, in 1816; and, two years later, removed to Troy,
then a newly incorporated but already thriving city, on
the east side of the river, where, in connection with Mr.
Alpheus Hanks, he established the first iron foundery in
Rensselaer county — a business which has now grown to
be a most important interest in that section of the State.
William Gueley was born in the city of Troy, March
16th, 1821; his father dying in 1829, he and a younger
brother and sister were left to the sole care of a widowed
mother, of comparatively feeble health, and of small pecu-
niary means. Rightly judging that knowledge and virtue
were the foundation of all true excellence, she gave her
children, not only a careful religious training at home, but
also the best education afibrded by the schools, in her
immediate vicinity.
William choosing the profession of a Civil Engineer,
attended the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, then, and
now, an excellent scientific school, from which he gradu-
ated with credit, in 1839.
After following the business of a Surveyor for some
years, he turned his attention to the manufacture of the
instruments with whose use he was already familiar,
learning the business in the shop of Mr. Hanks, then a
well known maker of surveying instruments, in the city
of Troy. After remaining with Mr. Hanks for five years,
he entered into partnership with Mr. Jonas H. Phelps, in
the year 1845, and with him prosecuted the same business,
WILLIAM GUKLEY. 255
much more extensively, for the next seven years, at the
end of which time the firm became changed by the with-
drawal of Mr. Phelps, and the accession of his younger
brother. The new firm, under the name of W. & L. E.
GuRLEY, at once greatly increased their facilities ; and,
for fifteen years past, they have been by far the most
extensive manufacturers of engineers' and surveyors' instru-
ments in the United States. The great fire of May 10th,
1862, entirely consumed their establishment, but nothing
daunted, even for an hour, they at once commenced to
rebuild on a scale nearly four times larger than the first.
They have since been abundantly rewarded for their
courage and foresight.
The prominence of Mr. Gurley as a business man, and
his well known intelligence and integrity, have long been
recognized by the community with which his life has
been identified ; and, though always refusing to seek any
position in public life, he has never shrunk from what he
conceived to be his duty as a man and a citizen ; and very
few in the community have been more actively engaged
in all the enterprises which tend to elevate mankind. But
few years of his mature life have passed free from the
cares of public office : he has faithfully labored as Trus-
tee of several educational and religious institutions ; con-
nected for years with the Young Men's Association, in
important positions, he was, in 1851, elected its President,
after a canvass, the warmth of which is still well remem-
bered.
As Alderman of his native ward, he served with general
acceptance from 1860, to 1864; and as Fire Commissioner,
he helped, in 1861, to inaugurate the greatly improved
system, now so .much approved in all our larger cities.
He is a member of the Board, up to the present time.
In November, 1866, he was nominated by the Republicans
of Troy, as the Representative of his native city in the
256 LIFE SKETCHES.
Assembly of the State of New York. The district had,
for a series of years, been strongly of the opposite politics,
being relied upon, pretty uniformly, for a majority of four
or five hundred. Mr. Gurley, however, entered into the
canvass, personally, and though nominated almost as a
forlorn hope, at the heel of the election, against T. B. Cae-
EOLL, he still surprised himself and his friends by obtaining
a majority of eight hundred and fourteen. He is a
Member of the Committee on the Affairs of Cities.
Mr. GuELEY, yet in the prime of a vigorous manhood,
is widely known as a capable and successful business man,
and financier, being now, Vice-President of the National
Exchange Bank, of Troy, and adorning all the relations
of public and private life. He may, with reason, look
forward to positions of even greater usefulness and honor
in the future.
LEWIS B. HALSEY
Me. Halsey, Member of Assembly from the First Dis-
trict of Orange county, is one of the youngest members
of the Legislature for 1867, having been born at his
present place of residence, ISTewburgh, on the 31st day of
January, 1841. On the paternal side, he springs from an
English ancestry, and upon the maternal, from Dutch blood,
though his more immediate progenitors were natives of
this country. Having passed the earlier years of his life,
in his native town, and availed himself of such educational
advantages as were within his reach, Mr. Halsey in the
fall of 1860, entered college at Nassau Hall, Princeton,
New Jersey, where he held creditable rank with his fellow
students during a full course of four years, and from
whence he graduated with all the collegiate honors, in the
class of 1864. Having already fixed upon the law as his
future profession, Mr. Halsey upon graduating, entered
the office of one of Philadelphia's most distinguished advo-
cates — Benjamin F. Brtjce, Esq., and, in due course, was
admitted to practice in the courts of this State, at Brook-
lyn, in December, 1865. Subsequently he opened a law
office at Newburgh, where he has since remained. In per-
sonal appearance, Mr. Halsey is of full, medium stature,
with a broad and well-formed forehead, a keen, penetrating
eye that meets one with a frank, assuring kindliness, and
which added to a modest self-possession that is both natu-
ral and becoming, mark him out as a young man of
excellent promise. And those who know him best, look
with confidence to his future career, both as a private
citizen, and in any public station, the duties of which he
may be called upon to discharge. In politics, Mr. Hal-
sey is a Republican ; was elected over his Democratic
33
258 LIFE SKETCHES.
competitor, Mr. Halsey R. Stevens, an old and worthy
fellow-townsman, by a majority of 1,148 in a total vote of
6,136. He is a Member of the Committees on Judiciary,
and Engrossed Bills.
SHEFFIELD HARRINGTON.
Modest in demeanor, honest in purpose, and correct in
action, Mr. Haeeington is one of that kind of men who
Avin respect, though they do not seek the plaudits of the
multitude. Steady-going in their habits, they command
the regard of the public, and share in the labor, as well
as in the reward. Mr. Haeeington" was born in New
Lisbon, Otsego county, New York, June 25th, 1809,
whence his father moved from Rhode Island, in 1*780. His
boyhood was unmarked by any remarkable events, and
he pursued the course of ordinary, every-day life, with-
out having to practice any great self-denials, and without
being satiated with an overplus of luxuries. Following
a plain mode of life, he appreciated whatever indulgences
were allowed him, and did not grumble because he could
not be favored like those in more pleasant spheres of
action. Storing his mind, from the common opportunities
of the country schools in those days, he fitted himself for
mercantile pursuits, in which he is engaged at the present
time, in the town of Hartwick, New York. In early
manhood, he served a regular apprenticeship at wool-card-
ing and cloth-dressing, and worked at that business for
nearly fifteen years. When the tide of prejudice against
Free Masonry assumed a political form, Mr. Haeeington
was an Anti-Mason. After that excitement had subsided,
PALMER E. HAVENS. 259
he attached himself to the Whigs, and held various offices,
of a local nature, in the interest of that party. He
unhesitatingly joined the Republicans, in 1856, and he has
been unwavering in his faithfulness. He was a Member
of the House in 1866, and served on the Committee on
Charitable and Religious Societies, and was Chairman of
the Committee on Affairs of Villages. His District has
returned him, with an increased majority, thus assuring
him of the satisfaction which he has already given by his
legislative acts. He is Chairman of the same Committee
as that of last year, and is also serving on the Commit-
tee on Grievances.
PALMER E. HAVENS
Palmer E. Havens stands prominent among the best
class of our legislators. He was born November 24th,
1818, in the town of Moriah, Essex county. New York.
His father, Deacon John Havens, a Roger Williams
Baptist, and a pioneer settler of that town, though always
in humble circumstances, was a man of piety, known and
respected for that decision of character and firmness of
purpose, which was the only, yet, as it proved, a sufficient
legacy to his son.
His father's limited means and large family obliged the
son, scarcely beyond his childhood, to care for himself.
The interrupted attendance of the common school of his
native place, was the only educational privilege which he
enjoyed until after his sixteenth year; yet, so much had
his ready intellect and energy accomplished, that, at this
age, he commenced teaching, and was most successful in
this pursuit for the ten years following. His continued
260 LIFE SKETCHES.
effort at self-culture under better advantages, in the mean
time, made him a proficient mathematician and English
scholar. During the same time, he entered the law ofiice
of the late General Henry H. Ross, of Essex, and was
admitted to the Bar in 1843.
Essex, the loveliest of our northern villages, *' the abode
of wealth, intelligence and refinement," he selected as the
field of his future professional labors. Prompt and faithful
attention to business, and zeal for his client, won for him a
wide reputation and a lucrative practice. Although the
earnest prosecution of matters placed in his hands, may-
have sometimes made him the object of that ungenerous
spirit of animosity which is often indulged toward the
legal ability and diligence which has forced the unwilling
discharge of just obligations, yet his popularity has always
been of a steady growth to that degree which is evidenced
by the hearty support which he has always received from
his neighbors, at the polls. Confirmed in his religious and
political faith, he is, nevertheless, liberal in his treatment
of those who difier with him ; and is generous hearted and
public spirited. He supported the old Whig party while
it existed, and for years, he has given his influence to the
Republican organizatioh. His party relations have been
dignified and unswerving. In his own town, at different
periods, he has held the ofiices of Superintendent of Com-
mon Schools, Town Clerk and Supervisor.
In the fall of 1861, when the dangers which threatened
the country made the people anxious to send their best
men to represent them, Mr. Havens was put in nomina-
tion, for Member of Assembly, and elected — his own
town voting for him almost unanimously. Americanism,
in its day, had won to its support nearly two-thirds of
the voters of Essex, and, as Mr. Havens would never
have anything to do with " Sam," the prospect for a large
"home vote" — that very sure index of popularity — was
PALMEE E. HAVENS. 261
not flattering. Yet, so mucli did party spirit give way to
the respect which he commanded, that, out of the ten
hundred and forty-eight votes of his townsmen, he received
ten hundred and twenty-seven.
In the Legislature of 1862, which was marked for its
ability, his courteous and gentlemanly bearing, attention to
business, and readiness in debate, gained him firm friends
among his associates, and a reputation in the State. His
advocacy of the bill for the Public Defense, and other
important general measures, as well as his success in mat-
ters of special interest to his constituents, marked his
fitness for his position. On his return, his constituents
met him, and, by a public demonstration, indorsed his
course and welcomed him home. In the succeeding fall,
he was renominated and reelected. His second year was
marked by his able reviews of Governor Seymouk's Mes-
sage, which, with others of his speeches, in the Legislature
and on the *' stump," have been widely circulated by his
party.
In 1863, he was elected Senator from his District (Six-
teenth), and his two years in the Upper House, fully
guaranteed his ability. Outspoken and fearless in the
enunciation of his views, he counseled only his own con-
science and judgment, as to his actions. His speeches
were always substantial, and showed that labor and Care
in preparation, which mark all his undertakings.
In the fall of 1866, leading and influential men of
Northern New York, feeling that the interests of that
section needed a live representative, more than urged Mr.
Havens to accept another nomination for Member of the
Assembly. His choice was for the quiet and more profit-
able pursuit of his profession, and the enjoyment of his
beautiful home, which his means has enabled him to
arrange to his own refined taste; but the nomination
having been tendered by acclamation, he accepted and
262 LIFE SKETCHES.
was elected by nearly twelve hundred majority. He was
strongly urged, by influential men, within and without the
Legislature, for the Speakership, but he declined to enter
the contest against personal friends who desired the place.
Of middle age, among the ablest Members of the pres-
ent Legislature, popular at home and abroad, with a clear
and patriotic record, without political mistakes to embar-
rass him, and with a growing experience in public afiairs,
we have reason to expect a future as progressive and suc-
cessful as the past.
STEPHEN HAYNES.
Mr. Hatnes is the oldest member of the House, being
sixty-five years of age. He is the representative of the
Fourth District of Kings county. He was born in the year
1802, in Southampton, Suffolk county, New York. His
ancestors were originally from England, and among their
descendants, was the famous Governor Hayne, of South
Carolina, whose great discussion with Daniel Webster
is now a matter of history. When but a small boy, the
last war with Great Britain began, and Mr. Haynes, full
of martial fire, volunteered his services, and was regularly
enlisted as a member of the Sea Fencibles, stationed at Sag
Harbor. He remained in the service eighteen months, and
in the course of time, duly received his land warrant from
the United States Government.
Mr. Haynes, when quite young, was employed on a
farm in his native place, but shortly after the war, in
which he participated, he went to New York, and,
engaging with a mason, thoroughly learned the art of
building. In 1822, then of age, Mr. Haynes moved to
THEODORE HINSDALE. 263
Brooklyn, and engaged in business for himself, as a
builder, in which he was very successful. Among the
specimens of architecture, in the City of Churches, which
reflect credit upon his skill, are the City Hall, the County
Jail, and the Lunatic Asylum, at Flatbush.
Mr. Haynes early took a deep interest in politics, as a
Democrat. When Brooklyn was first incorporated, he
was chosen Alderman of the Seventh Ward, serving in
that capacity several years, afterward being chosen Super-
visor for a number of successive terms. As a member of
the Board of Education, he was noted for his deep interest
in the spread of knowledge, and in all places of public
trust, he was equally distinguished for attention to duty,
and a thorough acquaintance with it.
This is Mr. Haynes' second term in the Assembly,
having been a member of the Legislature of 1865; and
few are more successful in forwarding measures for the
benefit of their constituents than he.
THEODORE HINSDALE
Mr. Hinsdale was born in Middletown, Connecticut,
February 30th, 1819; graduated from the Wesleyan
University in that place, in 1836; was admitted to the
Bar in 1840, and has since practiced law in New York
city, residing in Brooklyn since 1846. He was elected
Alderman for the Third Ward of that city in 1865. Mr.
Hinsdale is a very successful lawyer, of large practice ;
is of irreproachable moral character, and strict integrity ;
a high toned gentleman and thorough scholar. These
qualifications, together, with his intimate knowledge of
the business interests and local government of Kings
264 LIFE SKETCHES.
county, his acquaintance with the affairs of Kew York
city, and his cool and cautious dissection of every project,
has rendered him an influential and safe member of the
Committee on Cities.
CHARLES WESLEY HINSON.
Me. Hinson was born in the city of Buffalo, Erie county,
New York, on the 20th day of November, 1844. He is
the youngest member of the Assembly, having been elected,
two weeks before completing his twenty-second year.
His father was born on the Island of Heligoland, of
English parents, in 1818. His mother was born in the
county of Longford, Ireland, in the same year.
Mr. HiNSON is a graduate of the Central High School
of Buffalo. After graduation, he worked one year at the
trade of Machinist, and then studied law in the office
of Hon. James M. Humphrey, Member of Congress,
Thirty-first District, New York ; and was admitted to the
Bar, May 9th, 1866.
Shortly after Mr. Hinson's admission to practice, the
Fenian affair at Fort Erie occurred, and General John
O'Neill, commanding that expedition, together with his
companions in arms, numbering twenty-five officers and
some four hundred men, were taken prisoners by the
United States authorities. The officers were kept aboard
the United States steamer Michigan, while the men were
kept on an open scow, exposed to the drizzling rain,
without the slightest shelter. While looking at the suf-
ferings of these poor men and while every one was
wondering what would be done with^the prisoners, the
idea occurred to Mr. Hinson to apply to a court for writs
CHARLES WESLEY HINSON. 266
of habeas corpus^ to ascertain by what authority the
prisoners were held. Accordingly, he immediately drew
up the applications, in eighteen cases, and applied to Hon.
G. W. CLiifTON", one of the Justices of the Superior
Court of Bufialo, who allowed the writs. Mr. Hinsok
took a small boat, went aboard the Michigan, and served
the writs on Captain Andrew Bryson, and also had an
interview with the prisoners, who received him with
loud cheers. Next day, an officer appeared before Judge
Clinton, making excuses for not producing the bodies of
the prisoners. The Judge gave him twenty-four hours
time, during which, warrants were issued for the men by
Perry G. Parker, United States Commissioner, before
whom the officers were taken next morning, guarded by a
Regiment of United States Infantry, which was stationed
at Fort Porter, at the time.
The officers were allowed to give bail for various
amounts, and the privates were immediately discharged
on their own recognizances. Subsequently, a nolle pro-
sequi was entered in all the cases, by order of the
Attorney-General of the United States.
Mr. HiNSON is a positive Democrat : he was opposed to
the abandoning of the time-honored name of Democracy ;
and he believes that had the Democratic Convention nom-
inated a straight ticket, and called things by their proper
names, they would have elected Mr. Hoffman for Gov-
ernor, and carried the State by a large majority.
Mr. HiNSON was elected by the Democrats of the First
District of Erie county, comprising the First, Fifth, Eighth
and Thirteenth Wards, and the town of West Seneca, by
a majority of 388, over the Republican candidate. He
serves on the Committees on Engrossed Bills and Petitions
of Aliens.
34
L. HAKKIS HISCOCK,
Mr. Hiscock was born th^ 2d of May, 1824, in the
town of Pompey, Onondaga county, New York. His
parents were of English and Scotch origin. His grand-
father, Richard Hiscock, was a soldier in the American
Revolution. The maternal ancestry of Mr. Hiscock was
a long line of Harrises, coming down to the family con-
nection of Hon. Ira Harris, United States Senator, who
is a cousin of the subject of our sketch. Mr. Hiscock had
only the advantages of an academical education, but he
has acquired a high mental culture which many collegians
might feel proud to possess. He was a farmer's son, and
at the age of seventeen, commenced teaching common
school in his town. In February, 1845, he was elected by
the Democracy to the office of Town Superintendent of
Schools, of the town of Pompey. This position he held
for two years, having, in the mean time, inaugurated a
great improvement in the old style of teaching. In the
interim he had given much time to the study of law, and
finally completed his studies with that distinguished
lawyer, Hon. Daniel Gott, of Pompey, and was admitted
to the Bar, in 1848, he being one of four admitted, out of
a class of nine. In the same year, he opened a law office
at Tully, Onondaga county, and in February, 1849, was
elected Justice of the Peace of that town, which office he
held for four years. In 1850, he was elected Supervisor of
the same town, and was almost unanimously reelected in
1851. In the fall of that year, the Democrats nominated
him for the office of Surrogate, against Colonel Minard,
a popular Whig, who was then an incumbent of the office.
The contest was unusually spirited, and to a great extent
7'
L. HAEEIS HISCOCK. 267
personal, and resulted in Mr. Hiscock's election, by six
hundred majority. He held this office until January 1st,
1856, when he opened a law office in Syracuse, still con-
tinuing his practice in TuUy, which was managed princi-
pally by Feank Hiscock, Esq., his brother and law
partner. In the spring of 1858, the Tully office was dis-
continued, and both partners conducted their business in
Syracuse, where the firm still exists, doing a general prac-
tice, but making the settlement of estates a specialty, to
some extent.
Mr. Hiscock was an active Democrat, up to 1856, when
he united in a call of seventeen dissatisfied Democrats, for
a meeting at the City Hall, Syracuse, in July of that year,
which culminated in a Republican majority of nearly seven
thousand in the county of Onondaga, at the ensuing Presi-
dential election.
During the rebellion, Mr. Hiscock was a co-laborer in
the cause of patriotism. He contributed of his means
freely, and used his influence to promote enlistments, and
to aid the government generally in its struggle for
liberty.
In the fall of 1865, he was, by acclamation, nominated
by the Republicans for Member of Assemby in the Third
District of Onondaga county, and was elected by a
majority of over thirteen hundred. On the organization
of the House, he was placed second, respectively, on the
Committees on Judiciary, Local General Orders, and
Public Lands. As Judge Selden, Chairman of the Judi-
ciary Committee, was ill most of the session, the duties
of the Chairmanship, during Judge Selden's absence,
were performed by Mr. Hiscock, who signalized himself
in the protracted discussions which frequently came up, on
important questions. In the fall of 1856, he was reelected
to the Legislature from the Second (under the late appor-
tionment) District, by a majority of twelve hundred and
268 LIFE SKETCHES.
forty-one, being fifty votes over that of the Republican
State ticket. On his election, the New York Tribune
and other leading Republican journals coupled his name
for the Speakership with that of the present incumbent,
Speaker Pitts, as well as with the names of other promi-
nent gentlemen of the party ; and, although many ardent
friends, in various part of the State, urged him to be a
candidate for the position, he declined. Mr. Hiscock, in
this session, is ably serving as Chairman of the Judiciary
Committee, and is second on Privileges and Elections.
Although his life has not been fraught with many
public offices, yet it is a gratification to his many friends
to know that what few positions he has filled, have been
honored by his industry and integrity. He is a self-made
man. Perhaps no lawyer, in his county, comes in contact
annually with more people, in his office, than he. It is
not alone his legal knowledge that is sought after, but his
ripe judgment relative to public affairs, his candid opinion
on private matters, and his sympathy in the daily walks
of life. He is courteous, and all feel at home in his
society ; he is honest, and all respect and trust him. He
is neither vain nor haughty, neither boastful nor arbitrary ;
but, while he accords to everyone purity of motives, and
gives due weight to their opinions, he has the firmness to
express his own views freely, and to defend them against
any attack. Being cautious, he is seldom led into error ;
but, being candid, he is ever ready to acknowledge his
mistake. He practices no deceit, yet is quick to discern
it when sought to be practiced upon him or his friends.
He is true to party, and as faithful to friendship. If
selfish, he is honorably so, for he seeks not to destroy
others to build up himself. Though rigid in economy,
he is benevolent to a worthy cause, and will not lend his
aid to any other, either for public policy or personal
popularity.
ADOLPHUS F. HITCHCOCK. 269
As a debater, Mr. Hiscock is fluent and brief. He is
not sparkling, but solid, clear and logical. He uses no
fulsome oratory for the heart, but carries convincing argu-
ments directly to the mind with irresistible force.
ADOLPHUS F. HITCHCOCK.
The town of Kingsbury, Washington county New
York, is the native place of Mr. Hitchcock, where he was
reared and educated. He is still a resident of that place.
His father was Collins Hitchcock, for many years a
Justice of the Peace of the same town. His grandfather
was AsAHEL Hitchcock, also a magistrate, of whom
special mention is made in the sketch of Attorney-General
Maetindale contained in this volume. It will be seen
that Mr. Hitchcock and the Attorney-General (also a
native of the town of Kingsbury), are nearly related.
The Hitchcocks have long held a prominent place in
Washington county. His grand uncle, Zina Hitchcock,
was member of Assembly from that county, from 1790 to
1794, and State Senator, from 1794 to 1803. Two of his
brothers have served as Sheriff, and one is now county
clerk of the county of Washington ; other members of
his family have held various prominent public stations in
that portion of the State.
Adolphus F. Hitchcock is a farmer by occupation,
residing upon and cultivating the same farm which was
owned and cultivated by his father and grandfather before
him. He represents by his industry, his intelligence and
his honesty the agricultural class which compose the
major part of that rich and populous county. From
early life, With a clear discernment of the character and
270 LIFE SKETCHES.
motives of men, a high appreciation of good government
and wholesome laws, he has wielded no small influence in
the political councils of his party throughout the county.
Mr. Hitchcock formerly belonged to the old party of
" Clay Whigs ; " by them he was elected, in 1847, to repre-
sent the same district as that of which he now is the
representative. On that occasion, he acquitted himself
honorably, and with credit to his constituency. He became
a member of the Republican party in its infancy, and has
proved himself to be one of its most active and efficient sup-
porters. His patriotic advocacy of the war, and his efforts
to sustain the Union, were but the manifestations of a well-
settled principle. He has held the office of Justice of the
Peace for many years. Quiet and unassuming in his dis-
position, he generally has preferred the more peaceful
pursuits of the farm, though never flinching from duty,
even though it might call him away from his congenial
occupation. This is the first instance, in that district, in
which a representative has been reelected to the Assembly.
His majority over his competitor was 1,112. Mr. Hitch-
cock is over sixty-three years of age. Having passed the
meridian of life, the people have placed these honors upon
him, in his advanced years, feeling that he cannot be
swerved from their interests by opposing influences.
ABKAHAM HOFFMAN
Mr. Hoffman began his political life as a Whig, and
entertained the principles of Henry Clay, until the death
of that eminent man. After the disintegration of the
Whig party, Mr. Hoffman followed the current of
the American organization ; but he soon became convinced
that his course was inconsistent, and he therefore with-
drew, and engaged in the work of organizing the Repub-
lican ranks in his county. Mr. Hoffman was the first
Republican Sheriff elected in Montgomery county, serving
as such for three years. Since then, he has held several
minor ofiices. Last fall, he was put in nomination, for the
Assembly, against Isaac S. Frost, the Democratic nomi-
nee. At the preceding election, the Democrats had elected
their candidate by a majority of one hundred and eighty-
nine. With such facts before Mr. Hoffman and his
friends, they were incited to herculean efforts for success.
After a warm contest, the Republicans elected him by
eight majority.
He is of German parentage. Caughnawaga, Montgom-
ery county. New York, is his native town, in which ho^
was born, on the 31st day of March, 1810. At the age of
seventeen, having received a limited education, he worked
by the month ; at twenty-six, commenced business as a
contractor on the Auburn & Syracuse Railroad, in which
he continued until 1838, when he took a contract on the
Croton Water Works, continuing in that business until
1841. At that time, Mr. Hoffman removed to Fort Plain,
Montgomery county, and entered largely into the forward-
ing and produce business, which he still conducts.
In the Assembly, he is a member of the Committees on
Canals, and Privileges and Elections.
BUSHKOD E. HOPPIN
This gentleman is a son of Curtis Hoppin, a farmer in
the town of Lebanon, Madison county, New York. After
attending the Eaton and Hamilton Academies, from the
age of sixteen to nineteen years, he taught school two
winters. He afterward, in company with his brother, ►
drove a flock of sheep to Illinois, and after disposing of
them in the way of speculation, returned to the town
of his nativity, and followed farming and dairying until
the spring of 1855, when he went to Sangamon county,
Illinois, and engaged in raising live stock. In the autumn
of 1858, he and a partner, William S. Head, started for
Texas with a drove of twelve hundred sheep ; they win-
tered in Southwest Missouri. In August following, they
resumed their journey through the Indian Territory,
crossed the Red River at Preston, Texas, and wintered
in Hill and Bosque county. In January, 1860, Mr. Hoppin
went to Galveston, where he remained a short time, and
then made a journey to Hill county. At this time, some
of the preliminary steps toward secession were taken in
the State of Texas. Wild and unfounded reports of the
burning of villages and towns by northern men were set
in circulation by the press ; untruthful rumors of plots to
incite the negroes to insurrection were set afloat; self-
constituted vigilance committees were formed ostensibly
to protect society, but, in reality, to further the aims
of the subsequent rebellion; and the faithfulness with
which the infernal work was done, may be seen in
the fact that Texas was the first to withdraw from the
Charleston Convention. In the midst of such scenes as
these, Mr. Hoppin found little to coincide with his own
loyal views. But, from motives of policy, while in the
BUSHEOD E. HOPPIN-. 273
Strongholds of political intrigue, he was compelled to be
silent touching his true sympathies, until he could escape
from the midst of traitorous plottings. " Speedily closing
up his business affairs, he returned to Illinois, and reached
home one week before the election which elevated Mr.
Lincoln to the Presidency. In December he moved back
to Madison county New York. Mr. Hoppin is now inter-
ested in farming and wool growing in Logan county,
Illinois, pasturing his flocks on the prairies in summer, and
buying feed for them in winter.
In politics, he is a Republican, He was county Super-
intendent of the Poor in 1854, but resigned when he
removed West. In 1862, he was Assistant Assessor for
the Twenty-second Congressional District. He was elected
to the present House by 1750 majority. He is on the
Committee on the Affairs of Villages.
Mr. HoppiN is thirty-eight years of age ; is a gentleman
of fair abilities and courteous manners ; and is a practical
thinker. He is clear in his ideas of State and National
policies, and honest in the expression of his views.
35
CHARLES S. HOYT
Doctor Hoyt is a tall, well-built man, with a face
expressive of humane feelings, and meets his associates
and even strangers with frankness, both socially and
officially. His birthplace is Ridgefield, Connecticut,
where he was born June 8th, 1822. He is of English
ancestry, with genuine liberal opinions in his mental com-
position. In childhood, he removed with his parents to
this State, and settled with them in Owasco, Cayuga county,
New York ; but about five years afterward he moved to
Victory in the same county. In 1834, his father took him
and the remainder of the family to Middlesex, Yates
county, and continued farming, his usual avocation.
Doctor HoYT received an academic education. His
tastes were not in sympathy with classical branches, but
were more inclined to mathematics. At the age of four-
teen, he taught school; and for a couple of years, attended
the Rushville Academy in the summer time, working
on the farm at intervals, and teaching during the winter
months. At the age of twenty-one, he began the study
of his profession, in the office of Doctor N. Webb, of
Rushville, and continued his practice of teaching, a por-
tion of the time, in order to defray some of his expenses.
He graduated from the Geneva Medical College, in 1847,
and located at Potter Centre, Yates county. He dis-
charged the duties of Town Superintendent of Schools,
during 1848. His political views were Democratic, of the
radical school; and in 1851, the Democrats of Yates county
elected him to the Assembly. But when the South began
its disloyal course by an open outbreak. Doctor Hoyt
threw off his allegiance to the Democracy, put himself
in the van of those who helped to form the Union party in
CHAELES S. HOYT. 275
his county, and made himself efficient in aiding recruiting,
and in rousing the people to a sense of their danger.
August 11th, 1862, Doctor Hoyt was appointed Assistant
Surgeon for the 126th Regiment, New York Volunteers,
Colonel Sherrill commanding; and, the 20th of May,
1864, was promoted to Surgeon of the 39tli Regiment,
New York Volunteers, which was formerly known as the
old " Garibaldi Guards." While in the 126th regiment he
was among those who were captured at Harper's Ferry,
under Colonel Miles. At that time he was on duty at the
post-hospital, and, after the capture, remained in the lines,
taking care of the sick and wounded, until after the place
was retaken by the Union army. A few days previous to
the exchange of his regiment, he reported to it. The
winter of 1862 and '63, was passed in the defenses around
Washington, at Union Mills and Centreville. -His regi-
ment was attached to the Second Corps of the army of
the Potomac, just as it was moving northward, prior to the
battle of Gettysburgh. From that time until the army
was mustered out of service, he witnessed every battle
except the skirmishes of Auburn and Bristow Station,
during the transpiration of which, he was sick at home,
with typhoid fever. In the early part of the war. Doctor
HoYT was always with his regiment on the field, in time
of action : but at the opening of the campaign in 1864, he
was detailed to the field hospital, as executive officer,
and was afterward the Surgeon in charge of it, and
remained so until the close of the war, when he had the
satisfaction of closing up its affairs. As a testimonial of
the esteem in which he was held, the attendants of the
hospital presented him with an elegant gold watch. Thus
far, we have merely narrated incidents ; but it is only
justice to Doctor Hoyt, to say that he was a universal
favorite in the army, that he never shirked a responsibility
no matter how unpleasant; and what is certainly com-
276 LIFE SKETCHES.
mendatory, lie never drank a drop of liquor, either socially
or medicinally, while he was connected with his regiment.
When he entered the service, the children of his village
presented him with a sash and sword, which he had the
pleasure of bringing back with him, after the struggle
was over.
In the Assembly, Doctor Hoyt, with others of his pro-
fession, serves on the Committees on Public Health and
Medical Colleges and Societies, and is furthermore Chair-
man of the Committee on State Charitable Institutions.
WILLIAM E, HUNT
Mr. Hunt is a resident of Otto, Cattaraugus county,
New York, which was named after Jacob S. Otto, Agent
of the Holland Land Company. He is of New England
parentage, his parents having moved from Vermont to
Perrysburgh, New York, when he was ten years old.
Until he was eighteen, he was an attendant on the common
schools ; and then finished his school career, by two terms
at the Fredonia Academy. During the following nine or
ten years, he assumed the charge of his mother's farm —
his father having died when his son was sixteen — and
accumulated about eight hundred dollars for himself.
Wishing a change, he left the farm, and went to Otto,
where he has remained ever since, and invested his little
capital in mercantile trade. Little by little, his gains
increased, until he gathered to himself a comfortable com-
petence, and extended his trade to a larger scale. In his
transactions, he is cautious, preferring to take no hasty
step, rather than to lose by a blind venture where flatter-
ing inducements give promise of great gains.
WILLIAM E. HUNT. 277
At first a Whig, he was subsequently induced to join
the American party, when Mr. Ullman ran for Governor ;
but, finding himself mistaken as to the objects of the
leaders, he left that organization, at the end of three
weeks, completely satisfied that " Sam " was " not himself
at all." Since then, he has been a Republican, unwavering
and influential ; and, during the war, he gave efficacy to
his opinions by devoting his attention to the procuring of
volunteers, and the raising and disbursing of bounty
funds, of which he had full charge in his town.
Besides holding other town offices, Mr. Hunt has been
Supervisor of Otto, from 1859 to the present time, with
the exception of one year. His majority for the Assembly
was eleven hundred and sixty. Not aspiring to great
political power, he, nevertheless, is a man who will not
shrink from labors, however onerous, whenever their con-
summation shall be for the welfare of the State. He is
faithful to the local necessities of his district, and thus far
has carried through a bill providing for three new streets
in the village of Waverly.
JAMES IRVING.
Mr. Irving represents the Sixteenth Assembly District
of New York, in which city he was born, on the 6th of
July, 1821. He belongs to a- " Scotch-Irish " family, and
his father emigrated from Londonderry, in the north
of Ireland, in 1808. His mother was a native of this
country.
Mr. Irving was a jjupil, during boyhood, in several
private schools, also attending several seasons at the
public and high schools. He was a bold lad, active, fond
of adventure, and, true to his Scotch blood, always
regardful of business. Leaving school, he went into the
employment of the noted " Chris. Guire," in Washing-
ton Market, remaining with him ten years, and sustaining
a good reputation for industry and fidelity. In 1847, he
engaged a market-stand, and set up in business on his
own account. He speedily became a leading man among
the butchers of New York, buying and selling, on the
average, one hundred head of cattle a week, for sixteen
years. His sagacity in making purchases was unrivaled.
He seldom varied five pounds from a correct estimate of
the weight of an animal. This and his great industry
soon secured his prosperity, and, in 1857, he had accumu-
lated the handsome fortune of $400,000. He held large
contracts for supplying the institutions on Ward's and
Blackwell's Island, and also obtained valuable contracts
for supplies for the army and navy. But the fluctuating
prices of 1857 seriously affected him, and half of his
property was swallowed up by the disasters of that year.
He continued in business, however, till 1863.
In 1847, Mr. Irving was married to Miss Hannah
Leonard, a sister of the present well-known Inspector
JAMES lEVING. 279
of the Metropolitan Police. The mother of Mrs. Irving
was a Roman Catholic, a woman of superior intellect
and of strictly conscientious principles, and carefully-
instructed her children in religious duties. Mrs. Irving
admirably displays the effect of her early culture, in her
careful, maternal supervision of the conduct and education
of her own children, six in number. In these matters, she
has the full concurrence of her husband, who, professing
no religious faith himself, is liberal to all who do.
Mr. Irving has been for many years actively interested
in politics, belonging to the Tammany wing of the Demo-
cratic party. Although several times in the field as a
candidate, he was never regularly nominated, and always
was obliged to encounter a powerful combination of the
factions against him. It is his boast, however, that he
has always received a higher vote than the opposing
Democratic candidate. In 1865, he was a candidate for
Alderman in the Fourteenth District, receiving double
the vote of the regular Democratic candidate, although
defeated by Mr. Joseph B. Yarnum, Republican, by a
small majority. Last fall, he was an independent candi-
date for the Assembly, against Michael N. Salmon, and
Henry Beeny, Republican, and received a plurality of
sixteen. Although he is in a place not familiar to him
from past associations, he is generally in his seat during
the session, and gives the most careful attention to the
business under consideration.
JOHN C. JACOBS.
John C. Jacobs, representative of the Ninth District
of Kings county, was born on the 16th of December,
1838, and is, consequently, in the 29th year of his age.
His father was born in Vermont, and his mother in Penn-
sylvania, and in Lancaster county, of the latter State, the
subject of this sketch first saw the light. The paternal
ancestors of Mr. Jacobs, were of the old New England
revolutionary stock, and several of them participated in
the struggle for independence ; the maternal side were of
German origin, one of them having held a high position
under Fkederick the Great, of Prussia.
When Mr. Jacobs was quite young, his parents removed
to the city of Brooklyn, where, with the exception of a
year, he has since resided. At an early age, he went to
a select school, and was progressing rapidly, when his
family removed to Philadelphia, which broke in upon
his educational progress; and from his twelfth year, it
may be said, that his school house studies ended. Return-
ing to Brooklyn, he entered a lawyer's office, but growing
dissatisfied with the day labor there laid out for him,
sought and obtained a place in the large printing estab-
lishment of John A. Gray & Co., in New York. Here,
as copy holder, he became acquainted with many news-
paper men of prominence — their journals being issued
from the establishment — and soon cultivated a taste for
the profession of a journalist. When eighteen years of
age, he commenced newspaper life a& a Reporter on the
New York Express, and rapidly advanced, until he had
charge of the political news columns. In 1860, he became
the correspondent of the same paper, in Albany, remaining
with it until 1865, when in the same capacity, he repre-
JOHN C. JA.COBS. 281
sented the New York World. In 1862, Mr. Jacobs
volunteered to accompany McClellan's army on its
famous Peninsular campaign, as a correspondent, and,
becoming attached to the 1st New York Volunteers, then
in Kearney's Division, he had a chance to see, and partici-
pate in, some of the hardest fighting of the war. His
account of the evacuation of Harrison's Landing, and the
march to Yorktown, published in the Express, was exten-
sively copied by the press, throughout the country.
Mr. Jacobs began his political life early. In the cam-
paign of 1856, though but a boy, he was active in the
opposition to Fremont's election, and in 1860, was well
known in Brooklyn, as a leader among the young men who
combined against the Lincoln ticket. In 1863, he was
nominated by the Democrats for Assembly, John C. Perry
being the Republican candidate, Theophilus C. Callicot
and an independent Democrat, also running. This split
defeated him. In 1865, he also ran, being again defeated
by William W. Goodrich, after a contest of great
severity. Mr. Jacobs' friends insisted that he should
again run in 1866, and the Democratic convention nomi-
nated him by acclamation. The Republicans made every
efibrt to defeat him, but this time he won by a majority
of nearly nine hundred.
In the House, Mr. Jacobs has devoted most of his time
to local matters, except in urging the famous bill relative to
prostitution, which has attracted so much attention. He
serves on the Committee on Public Printing, and on that
of Colleges, Academies and Common Schools.
Mr. Jacobs is a liberal-minded man, who is generous
both to friend and foe. He never forgets a kindness, and
usually manages, in a delicate manner, to repay it in ten-
fold proportion. He has nothing of " flash " and " paste "
in his mental composition; but on the contrary, readily
discriminates, in his actions, between humbug and truth.
36
FREDERICK JULIAND
Mr. Juliand was born in Greene, Chenango county,
New York (his present residence), October 9th, 1806,
being the youngest son of Captain Joseph Juliand, a
native of Lyons, France, who emigrated to this country
during the stormy times of the French Revolution, and
settled in Greene, in 1798 (a town purchased by the State
from the Oneida and Tuscarora Indians, in 1785, and
named in honor of General Nathaniel Greene). His
was one of eight or ten French families who were the
first white settlers of that vicinity. Among the incidents
of their pioneer life they boast of a visit from the cele-
brated French Statesman Talleyrand.
The boyhood days of Frederick Juliand were spent
on his father's farm, he being the recipient of such privi-
leges as the common schools of that day afforded. In his
more advanced youth he received academic advantages
at Oxford in his own county, and at Utica.
Having served an apprenticeship as merchant's clerk, he
e'mbarked in the mercantile business, in his native town,
which he successfully prosecuted for upward of twenty-
five years, retiring from active pursuits, with a handsome
competency, in 1860.
From his youth upward he has taken an interest in the
political issues before the country. He was a staunch
Whig in the days of that party, and at its dissolution
became an equally ardent Republican, his opinions and
advice having great weight in the locality where he was
best known. He has twice been a member of the Union
State Central Committee, and has held several offices of
trust, in all of which he has served faithfully, and won a
reputation for purity of purpose, dignity of character,
FREDERICK JULIAND. 283
ability and enterprise. He was Postmaster under Har-
risons' and Tyler ; is one of the incorporators for locating
the Soldiers' Home, and is one of the Trustees of the
Inebriate Asylum, at Binghamton. He was a member of
Assembly in 1856, serving upon the Committee on Banks,
and was State Senator from the Twenty-third District,
comprising the counties of Chenango, Madison and Cort-
land, in 1864 and '65, being chosen by a majority of
5,459. During this service, he was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Public Printing, and a member of the Committees
on Banks, Roads and Bridges, and Poor Laws. He earned
considerable distinction as Senator, acquiring a name for
exercising careful and comprehensive judgment, upon all
matters of legislation, and for steadfastly advocating
economy in conducting the affairs of the State. Standing
in the foremost ranks of those whose honesty and firmness
could be relied upon, his career as a Senator was without
a blemish. Among the important questions settled by
the Legislature while he was in the Senate, was that of the
Chenango Canal extension. This measure, was, through
the immediate supervision and active exertions of Senator
JuLiAND, put into practical effect, and by virtue of the
law passed, mainly by his influence, is now near its com-
pletion. The speech made by Mr. Juliand, in its behalf
before the Committee of the whole Senate, displayed
careful research and wise judgment.
Mr. Juliand was an effective supporter of the late war,
contributing liberally from his time and means to sustain
the Union. He was one of the Committee appointed
by the Governor to raise recruits, and performed valuable
service in that behalf. His liberality toward the families
of absent soldiers, has made his name familiarly welcome
at many a lonely fireside.
In the summer of 1864, the town of Greene, had occa-
sion to forward funds to an agent at Newbern, N'orth
284 LIFE SKETCHES.
Carolina, who was there endeavoring to enlist men to fill
their quota. Much against his will Mr. Juliand was
induced to undertake the task. He started via Washing-
ton and Norfolk, taking the steamer Fawn at the latter
place for Ronoake Island, via the Dismal Swamp Canal.
When about 150 miles from Norfolk, the steamer was
attacked by Guerrillas, under the command of a Captain
Hopkins. Upward of a hundred shots were fired at the
steamer, killing and wounding nine of the little party of
only thirty. Mr. Juliand and the remaining survivors
were taken prisoners and robbed of all their baggage ; the
steamer was burned, dnd they were compelled to march,
the whole night, thirty miles, to Elizabeth City, where,
after being robbed of $6,000 (a portion of the funds he
was transporting), he and Major Jenny of Syracuse, were
paroled, through the interference of a friend, the remainder
of the party being marched off to a vile Southern prison,
where it has been since ascertained more than half of
them died horrible deaths. Mr. Juliand and his com-
panions made their escape from rebel domain in a sail-
boat, after being without food or shelter, for about two
entire days.
His recent election to the Assembly was a flattering
expression of the esteem and regard in which he is held
at home. The county by the recent apportionment is
reduced to one member, and there was considerable
strife among prominent gentlemen for the position. Mr.
Juliand's name was not mentioned in that connection
until the Convention which placed him in nomination had
organized, and even then against his express desire. He
received a unanimous nomination, and at the polls, received
1,608 majority, the highest vote given to any candidate
upon the ticket.
Mr. Juliand is- strictly moral and temperate in his
habits, a worthy example and an ^onor to society.
PATRICK KEADY.
Me. Keady, the Member of Assembly from the Third
District of Kings county, was born at Mount Equity,
county of Roscommon, Ireland, on the 26th day of June,
1832. His parents soon after moved to Correen, an unpre-
tending village about four miles distant from the town of
Ballinasloe, where his father leased a small farm, which
he worked for a few years, and then died. Patrick had,
at that time, just begun to go to school ; but, being the
oldest son, he was forced to stay at home and work
the farm for the support of himself and his brothers
and sisters. Finding farming unprofitable in his -native
country, he came to America, in 1851, in order to better
his condition. Arriving here on the 17th day of March
in that year, he lost no time in seeking employment, and
was soon afterward bound as an apprentice to a promi-
nent master printer, Josiah T. Smith, of Brooklyn. Mr.
Keady could then scarcely write his own name in a
legible manner, but, by his devotion to study in his
leisure hours, he soon began to improve in the art of
reading and writing. He rapidly acquired a knowledge
of the country, and was passionately fond of newspaper
reading. Indeed, the price of newspapers, and his cloth-
ing and board bills, were, for a time, his only expense.
By the advice of his employer, he practiced exact econ-
omy, and Benjamin Franklin himself could not have
been more scrupulous in this respect than he was for a
time. In a few years he was able to aid his mother, two
brothers and one sister, who were yet in Ireland, but who
also came to this country, shortly before Mr. Keady's time
for service had expired. Having served his apprenticeship
according to agreement, he was paid full journeyman's
286 LIFE SKETCHES.
I
wages by his employer, a compliment which falls to the
lot of few apprentices, even in this country. Mr. Keady
continued to work at his trade in ISTew York city, where
he pursued it for upwards of fifteen years ; he then found
his health greatly impaired by his exhausting labors by
day, and his studies by night. He at length concluded
to find some other employment, and, having a taste for
journalism, he at once commenced the study of short-
hand writing. Having studied phonography for over a
year, during which time he still worked at his trade, he
sought and obtained a position as reporter on one of the
'New York daily papers. This position, we believe, he
holds up to the present time. He has always been a
Democrat in politics, but has never held any office before.
He was opposed during the campaign by the regular
Republican candidate, and by a prominent Democrat
also ; but he defeated both by a plurality of over fifteen
hundred votes. Whatever Mr. Keady knows — and he is
a gentleman of no little intelligence — is the result of close
study under unfavorable circumstances. He still devotes
his leisure hours to study, is temperate in his habits, and
is refined in his deportment.
JAMES W. KIMBALL.
Mk. Kimball is a native of Lawrence, St. Lawrence
county, ISTew York, where he was born, June 25th, 1825.
His homestead was of the most primitive kind — a log
house, covered with ash bark, the logs having been cut
and peeled by the hands of his father and mother. The
house was built and covered in one day, five families,
including men and women (being all of the inhabitants
within a circle of two miles), participating in its erection.
They afterward sat down to a delicious supper, consisting,
in part, of the flesh of black bears, raccoons and venison,
which was to be had in abundance, at that period. Mr.
Kimball spent his boyhood, at home, participating in
the general labors of a backwoods life. When he was
seventeen, he went to the village of Potsdam, and
attended the academy one term, working night and morn-
ing for his board. He then worked six months on a farm
for wages, and earned a sum of money sufficient to pay
what debts he had incurred while at Potsdam. Being
anxious to add still more to his stock of knowledge, Mr.
Kimball entered the academy at Fort Covington, James
C. Spencer being Principal, and remained there a couple
of terms. During the winters of 1844 and 1845, laying
aside his books as a student, he mounted the platform as a
district school teacher. Having met with the usual num-
ber of successes and defeats in attempting to develope and
educate the young minds under his care, he abandoned
that avocation, and, in the spring of 1845, accepted a
clerkship in Fort Covington, at a salary of six dollars
a month; his compensation was yearly increased, until
1851, at which time he received three hundred and fifty
dollars per annum. Sometime during that year, Mr. Kim-
288 LIFE SKETCHES.
BALL left his employers, with seven hundred and twenty-
five dollars in his pocket, the savings from his earnings.
In May, 1852, he began business on his own account, in a
small way. There were many discouraging aspects
surrounding him ; his funds were limited ; his former
employers, with a cash capital of $50,000, were inimical
toward his project; and his credit was circumscribed:
but, by perseverance, he accumulated property, and, in
1863, closed his business, and found, in his favor, a cash
balance of 140,000.
Mr. Kimball voted with the Democrats for the first
time, in 1846, and continued to do so, until 1856, when he
became a Republican, subsequently representing his town
as Supervisor, for five successive years, and in the years
1864 and '65, serving as Chairman of the Board. During
the last four years, he has been one of the Commissioners
of Excise in his county. This is his third term in the
Assembly, to which he has been elected, each time, by a
large majority* He is on the Committee on Federal Rela-
tions, and is Chairman of the Committee on State Prisons.
JACOB LEFEVER
Although a comparatively young man, Mr. Lefever
has repeatedly been elevated to places of honor and trust,
by the people of his town and district. In 1861, he was
chosen Supervisor of New Paltz, one of the wealthiest
towns in Ulster county, and was reelected to the same
office, the following year. In 1862, he was nominated for
the Assembly; and, in a district which gave Horatio
Seymour fifty-one majority, he was elected by a majority
of one hundred and ninety-nine, over ex-Sheriff Griffiths,
one of the most popular Democrats in the county.
Important consequences resulted to the State and Nation
from his election, in this manner, and at this time. His
appearance in the Assembly, as will be remembered, tied
that body politically, and finally led to the election of Mr.
Callicot, as Speaker, which gave the control of both
branches of the Legislature to the Union party. And out
of this grew the election of Governor Morgan to the
United States Senate, and the consequences which have
resulted to the country from his presence there.
His course in the Legislature of 1863, was so satisfac-
tory to his constituents, that he was returned, in 1864, and
again, in 1865, by increased majorities. The nomination
for the session of 1866 was tendered him; but, owing to
pressing business engagements, he declined to be a candi-
date. His friends, however, who knew him as a tried and
true representative, would not consent to his remaining in
retirement for another year, and they insisted on his
accepting a nomination for the present term. He did not
feel at liberty to again refuse ; and, although the district
is nearly equally divided, politically, and his opponent in
the canvass was a young and active Democrat, he was
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290 LIFE SKETCHES.
elected by a majority of three hundred and eighty-four,
running largely ahead of his ticket.
Mr. Lefever was born in the town of New Paltz,
Ulster county, on the 20th of April, 1831. His ancestors
were French Huguenots, who were compelled to leave
their native land on account of religious persecution, and
who settled in this country, about the year 1680. He now
owns and resides on a portion of the land purchased of the
savages by them, and afterwards granted to them, by
letters patent from the English government. There, in the
beautiful and fertile valley of the " Walkill," a few miles
west of the Hudson River, and in one of the finest agri-
cultural districts in the State, Mr. Lefever enjoys the
pleasant and independent life of the American farmer.
Liberally educated at the New Paltz Academy and
Amenia Seminary, he is enabled to cultivate his broad
acres intelligently, and with profit to himself.
Mr. Lefever has been identified with the Republican
party since its organization. An active and efficient
worker, with great personal popularity, he combines more
political strength than almost any other man in the
district. As a legislator, his course has been such as to
command respect ; and he has the reputation of being an
industrious and capable member.
DEWITT C. LITTLEJOHN,
The subject of this sketch was born in 1818, in the
town of Bridgewater, Oneida county, New York. Of his
early years the writer of this has little knowledge beyond
the fact that he passed creditably through such schools
as the country then afforded, and pursued an academic
course, until he was prepared to enter the Sophomore class
in college. Instead of pursuing a collegiate course, how-
ever, he surrendered the student's form for the desk of the
counting-room, and his life, so far, has been devoted
mainly to commercial pursuits.
In 1839, at the age of twenty-one, Mr. Little john went
to Oswego, then a growing village of but five thousand
inhabitants, taking with him vigor, integrity of charac-
ter, perseverance and shrewd business tact — characteristics
which have adhered to him through life. His removal to
Oswego was for the purpose of entering into business
relations with the late Hon. Henry Fitzhugh. Though
not the pioneers of the lake trade, the energy of this firm
did much toward developing and bringing into existence
that immense internal commerce with the West, by the
way of the lakes, which is among the wonders of modern
times.
Mr. LiTTLEJOHN has always taken an active interest in
the prosperity and growth of his city. This activity was
early marked by the people among whom he had made
his home ; he was elected, while still a " new comer," a
Trustee of Oswego Village, and was one of the first
Mayors when the village became a city.
In the midst of active habits and pressing business
relations, politics for him had few allurements. And,
indeed, it will be found that whenever he has taken office,
292 LIFE SKETCHES.
it has been for the opportunity it afforded for the accom-
plishment of some important public end. In the early-
classification of the political parties of his day, Mr. Lit-
TLEJOHN was a "Free Soil" or Anti-slavery Whig;
and he has always hated slavery with the full inten-
sity of his nature. While many of the prominent men
of his party with whom he was, in those days, on
intimate terms, embraced "Conservative" views and
finally gravitated into the Pro-slavery party, he stood
by his avowed and early convictions, and without doubt
exerted no little influence in moulding the Radical sen-
timent which now characterizes his district and county.
When the Whig party was shipwrecked upon the rock of
mistaken expediency, Mr. Littlejohn was found ready to
enter zealously into the Republican organization, and,
from that date, he has labored to promote its distinctive
principles and measures. In his own district and county,
there is no other voice which has been more frequently
heard from the rostrum, and none which the people so
delight to hear, or which arouses them to such degrees of
enthusiasm. It is, however, in the character of a legislator
that Mr. Little john has won the greatest distinction, and
is now the most favorably known.
By the State Constitution of 1846, provision was made
for the enlargement of the Erie Canal; but no such
provision was made for the Oswego Canal. It is not sur-
prising that the people of Oswego county were alarmed.
In this emergency, in 1853, Mr. Littlejohn was selected
as the best man to go to the Assembly, to obtain that
justice, in the Legislature, which had been denied in the
Constitutional Convention. His familiarity with commer-
cial matters brought him into immediate notice, in the
Legislature, in connection with the measures for the com-
pletion of the enlargement of the Erie Canal, then sus-
pended for the want of means, and the enlargement of
DEWITT C. LITTLE JOHN. 293
the Oswego Canal, which had not been provided for by the
Constitutional Convention. An amendment to the Con-
stitution was required to meet the case. Of the Committee
of the House to effect this, Mr. Littlejohn was an active
member, as he was also of the Joint Committee of both
Houses, appointed to advance the same end.
The people of the State having ratified the amendment,
Mr. LiTTLEJOHN, in 1854, was again elected by his district
to assist in giving effect to the provisions of the amended
Constitution. In this Assembly, he was placed in the
responsible position of Chairman of the Canal Committee ;
and, as such, he reported the measures by which the
enlargement of the Erie Canal was conipleted, and pro-
visions made for the simultaneous enlargement of the
Oswego and Seneca and Cayuga Canals, and the locks of
the Champlain Canal. Such was his reputation for -ability
established in the Legislature of 1854, that, having been
reelected, on the opening of the Legislature of 1855, he
was placed in the Speaker's chair. It was during this
term that the memorable strife occurred in the reelection
of Hon. William H. Sewaed, to the United States Senate.
The friends of freedom, in all parts of the Union, were
watching the result with great anxiety. The strife was
fierce and acrimonious. Mr. Liitlejohn threw himself
into the contest with his well-known strength of purpose.
It was conceded that his individual efforts turned the scale,
and William H. Sewaed, in that critical period, when
public opinion was just beginning to be aroused to the
dangerous encroachments of the slave power, was selected
as the leader of the cause in the United States Senate.
Mr. LiTTLEJOHN was held responsible for the result.
Nowhere was the feeling more vindictive than in his own
city. The anti-slavery sentiment, however, was no less
fully aroused. His friends rallied to his support, and his
course was most emphatically indorsed by his triumphant
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election to the office of Mayor of Oswego, after one of tte
most violently contested canvasses which that city has
ever experienced.
Mr. LiTTLEJOHN- was again elected in 1857, '59, '60, and
'61, in each of which years, he, with little opposition, occu-
pied the Speaker's chair. Each of these sessions had its
particular work, in which Mr. Littlejohn took a leading
part ; and during these years in the Assembly, he estab-
lished a reputation as an eloquent debater, and an ability
as a parliamentarian and legislator, which has never been
excelled by any other citizen of this State. As a presiding
officer, he has been particularly popular, and as such, he
has had few equals.
Mr. Little JOHN labored zealously for the election of
Fremont, in 1856, and Lincoln, in 1860. The estimation
in which his services were held at Washington, may be
judged from the fact, that on the accession of Mr. Lincoln
to the Presidency, he appointed Mr. Littlejohn to the
highly responsible and lucrative office of IJnited States
Consul at Liverpool, a position which he promptly declined,
not desiring to leave the country, at a time when the gov-
ernment was liable to need the services of its citizens.
In 1862, it will be remembered, there came a time of
general apathy and discouragement in regard to the war.
The President issued calls for six hundred thousand fresh
troops, and this levy required from Oswego county, two
full regiments, in addition to the two already in the field.
The Colonelcy of a regiment was urged upon Mr. Little-
john, by the War Committee of the county. Although
in no sense a military man, such was the urgency of the
case, that he did not hesitate, and, in ten days from the time
he accepted the appointment, he raised the 110th regiment.
In August, Colonel Littlejohn moved his regiment to
Baltimore, where it was ordered into a camp of instruction,
under Major-General Wool. His command remained in
DEWITT C. LITTLE JOHN. 295
this camp, until November, when it was designated as a
portion of the great expedition to New Orleans, under
Major-General Banks ; and in that month. Colonel Little-
JOHN and his regiment went on board the steamship Erics-
son, which was placed under his command for the voyage.
The expedition consisted of some twenty or thirty steam-
ships, formed in two lines, and Colonel Littlejohn was
ordered to place the Ericsson in the rear of one of the
lines, to succor any of the vessels which might be disabled.
The line of sailing was soon broken by a storm which
came up with great violence and dispersed the fleet. The
propeller Thames, with the 114th Regiment, New York
Volunteers, on board, became disabled, and the Ericsson
took her in tow. In the fury of the storm, the task of
saving the vessel, became not only difficult, but extremely
perilous. Twice the hawsers parted, and twice the two
steamships collided, at the imminent risk of sinking both.
For forty-eight hours, Colonel Littlejohn never left the
deck of the Ericsson, giving directions for the safety of
the steamers. The result was, that the Ericsson towed
the Thames into Port Royal, with every man on board
saved. Colonel Littlejohn's regiment went into camp at
Carrolton, near New Orleans, in December, 1862. It was
under the command of General Banks, during his adminis-
tration of the affairs of the Gulf, doing admirable duty at
the memorable siege of Port Hudson, and elsewhere ; and,
when much reduced, was finally ordered to Fort Jefferson,
Tortugas Islands, for guard duty, where it was finally dis-
charged, at the close of the war.
In November, 1862, while with his regiment. Colonel
Littlejohn was elected a representative to the Thirty-
eighth Congress. Before the close of the Thirty-seventh
Congress, that body adopted a resolution, that, under the
constitution, no member could hold a commission in
the army, and that for a member to accept and hold such
296 LIFE SKETCHES.
a commission, would vacate his seat. Mr. Littlejohn,
therefore, just before the 4th of March, 1863, resigned his
commission, that there might be no question of his eligi-
bility to his seat. His health was failing, and his sub-
sequent dangerous and protracted * sickness, sufficiently
proves, that by a continuance in the service, his life would
have been the penalty. But he has always justified his
action solely upon the ground of duty to his government,
and to the cause, the success of which he had no right
to imperil. No commander was ever more popular with
his regiment than was Colonel Littlejohn, as no one ever
looked more closely after the wants and welfare of his men.
Mr. Littlejohn was present at the organization of the
Thirty-eighth Congress, but was immediately taken sick,
and was detained for five months. Returning to his seat
in his feeble state of health, he signalized his first term by
maturing and procuring the passage of a law which
appropriated $300,000 to the preservation of the Lake
Harbors, after Congress had avowed its purpose to appro-
priate no moneys, except for war purposes. Rarely,
indeed, has a new member been more honorably noticed
in the organization of the House, than was Mr. Little-
JOHN. He held a prominent position on the Commit-
tee on the Rules of the House, was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Pensions, second on Roads and Canals, and held
an important place on the Committee on Ways and Means.
During the short term, his health having improved, Mr.
LiTTLEJOHN brought forward his measure for the construc-
tion of a ship canal around the Falls of Niagara. This
measure he carried through the House, and at one time
there seemed little doubt that it would also pass the
Senate. In the settlement of the other great questions
which came up for consideration in the Thirty-eighth
Congress, Mr. Littlejohn took an active part. He sus-
tained the amendment to the Constitution of the United
DEWITT C. LITTLE JOHJf. 297
States, which abolished slavery. He was a warm friend
of the policy of President Lincoln, at that time the
subject of severe criticism on the part of even some pro-
minent members of the Republican organization. Mr.
LiTTLEJOHN had faith in his prudence, his wisdom and
his patriotism, and frequently, his eloquent voice rang
out in defense of the Administration. It will be remem-
bered, that among the closing scenes of the Thirty-eighth
Congress, was a spirited discussion upon the policy of the
President, between the late Hon. Henky Winter Davis
and Mr. Littlejohn.
In the winter of 1866, Mr. Littlejohn again became a
Member of the Assembly of this State. He was Chairman
of the Committee on Commerce and Navigation, Chair-
man of the Special Committee to Revise the Rules of the
House, Chairman of the Select Committee on Census and
Apportionment, second on the Committee on Canals,
and, after the House had been in session a few weeks, was
elected Speaker pro tern., and during much of the time
occupied the Chair. The crowning triumph of the ses-
sion, however, and that which most signalized his ability
and power as a legislator, was the passage, by the House,
of a bill chartering a company to construct the Niagara
Ship Canal. The passage of this bill, under the circum-
stances attending it, was regarded the greatest personal
triumph ever achieved in the Legislature of the State.
There were conditions attached to the bill by the Senate,
however, which rendered it inoperative.
At the close of the session, Mr. Littlejohn was greeted
with a public reception by his constituents, such as is
seldom awarded a public servant. In token of their appre-
ciation of his labors, he was presented with a silver Dinner
Service, the cost of which was $4,500. At the proper
time, he was unanimously elected to the Legislature of
1867, by the people of his district.
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298 LIFE SKETCHES.
Mr. LiTTLEJOHN is a member of the Board of Trade,
of the city of Oswego, has been at times its presiding
officer, and headed its delegation in the Commercial Con-
vention, held in Detroit, in 1864, composed of the leading
commercial minds of the nation, and it is not too much to
say that he was one of the leading spirits of that body.
During the summer of 1865, a project originated in
some of the inland counties of the State, to construct
a railroad from Lake Ontario to the Hudson River, oppo-
site New York. A company was organized, under the
name of the " Midland Railroad Company," and in Feb-
ruary, 1866, Mr. Little JOHN" was elected its President.
During the summer following, he, in concert with other
Directors, spent much time in awakening an interest in its
construction, along the line of the projected road, with
the most flattering promise of final success.
In personelle, Mr. Little john is tall, straight, and some-
what spare. He has a piercing eye, and upon the floor,
his voice and manner, in any public assemblage, always
attract the most lively interest. In habits, he is strictly
temperate, and in personal appearance and dress, plain and
unassuming. His private life, in all respects, is unques-
tionable, and few men have a greater power of winning
and establishing strong personal friendships.
HOMER N. LOCKWOOD
Mr. Lockwood has an exceedingly genial face and a
uniformly polite manner which is never fitful and impa-
tient. The man who knows how to approach him to-day,
can be confident that he will find the same way of access
to-morrow. There are some men in the world, who, under
the instigations both of private pique and public aggrava-
tions, let fly a shower of venomous words in the most
indiscriminate manner, just as some blind hedgehog dis-
charges his arrows ; but Mr. Lockwood has a happy way
of never letting one know when he is hit, and never vent-
ing spleen on those with whom he associates.
He was born in Victory, Cayuga county, New York,
June 23d, 1833. He is a descendant of the family of
LocKWOODS that first settled in this country, in 1630,
having emigrated from Northamptonshire, England.
In the year 1817, the parents of Mr. Lockwood moved
from Connecticut to their new home in Victory. After
passing a laborious and useful life of nearly half a century
on the same farm, they celebrated their fiftieth marriage
anniversary, or "golden wedding," the 2d of October, 1863.
Mr. Lockwood is the youngest of six children. After
a liberal academical education, at Falley Seminary, he
evinced a desire for travel, and as a preliminary step for
carrying out his purposes in that direction, consummated
an engagement with J. H. Colton & Co., of New York,
as agent for their geographical works. Being soon after
promoted to General Agent, he finally entered into a
limited partnership. The first year of his partnership,
1853, he spent in South Carolina; during the next winter,
he was in Kentucky, superintending his employes who
were compiling a large map of that State ; and during
300 LIFE SKETCHES.
the three following years, he was similarly employed in
Tennessee, Mississippi and Louisiana, having his principal
offices in Memphis and New Orleans. In the Spring of
1859, Mr. LocKWOOD conceived the idea of extending his
business to the West Indies, and accordingly established
an office in Havana. An arrangement was readily made
by him with competent Spanish civil engineers, to carry
out the plan of publishing a detailed topographical plan
of the Island of Cuba, under the patronage of the Spanish
government. This large undertaking consumed nearly five
years. The winter months were spent by him, in traveling
over the island, and in supervising and arranging informa-
tion received at his office in Havana. Of course the
tropical summers were so hot as to prevent him from
performing any great amount of active labor, during their
continuance; on such occasions he was accustomed to
make a hegira to the States. Mr. Lockwood with grati-
fying success conducted a similar enterprise, during 1863
and 1864, in the Island of Porto Rico. In the course of
business he visited the Islands of St. Thomas, Santa Cruz,
the Bahamas, the Bermudas and many other West India
Islands. We should have to appropriate a large share of
this volume, were we to give a description of his eventful
life in the tropics. We leave to himself the narration of
his blood-chilling adventures among the mountain passes,
of the long, dreamy hours spent under a southern evening
sky, and, quien sabe^ of the soft glances which none but
Spanish sefioritas know how to give. Speaking the Span-
ish language almost as well as his mother tongue, during
the dark days of our civil war, his voice was often heard,
defending the Union, and nourishing the almost extinct
spark of sympathy among the faithless foreigners.
After Mr. Lockwood's return to his native home in
1865, he was elected to the Assembly from the First Dis-
trict of Cayuga county; in the Legislature of 1866, he
JAEVIS LOED. 301
served on the Committees on the Manufacture of Salt,
Engrossed Bills, and Public Printing, and, during the last
half of the session, was Chairman of the last mentioned
Committee. He was also one of the important Committee
of five to arrange the priority of business before the
House. During this session he is serving on the Commit-
tees on Public Printing, State Prisons and Manufacture of
Salt ; he is Chairman of the latter.
Mr. LocKWOOD was the only bachelor member during
the last session who had the courage to break through the
ranks and join the order of Benedicts, which event was
celebrated the 13th of February, 1866.
At the last election Mr. Lockwood was reelected to the
Assembly by a majority of 1,365, the largest ever given
in his district. He ranks well among his fellow legisla-
tors, and possesses the high esteem of his acquaintances.
JAEVIS LORD,
Me. Loed, the Member for the First District of Monroe
county, was born at Ballston, Saratoga county, February
10th, 1816. He is in the prime of life, and as vigorous as
he was at twenty-five ; of good physical proportions,- and
an excellent constitution, and a temperament adapted to
both mental and physical endurance ; he has been favored
with excellent health, and seldom tires by active labor.
Mr. Loed was the son of poor parents, and had no
other educational advantages than those afforded by the
common schools in the days of his boyhood. He availed
himself of these, however, so far as to acquire a tolerable
knowledge of those branches which were to be most
essential to him in business life. He adopted the avoca-
tion of a farmer, and, though he has most of the time had
302 LIFE SKETCHES.
large interests in other pursuits, he has made the farm his
home, and has taken a pride in the culture of the soil.
He has resided, for twenty-five years or more, at Pitts-
ford, seven miles from Rochester, and has there one of
the best cultivated and most productive farms in Monroe
county. He takes delight in the cultivation of fruit, and
the raising of stock, particularly horses, of which he is a
great admirer.
Mr. LoED has always been a Democrat of the Jackson
and Weight school. Devoted to the Union, he warmly
espoused the Federal cause at the beginning of the rebel-
lion, and gave freely to promote the national interests,
and, it is said, did more than any other man in his town
to keep the calls for men filled, and to help the soldiers in
the field and at home. He has enjoyed a personal popu-
larity at home, equaled by few men. When nominated
for ofiice, his neighbors support him with enthusiasm.
He was elected to the Assembly, in 1858, on the Dem-
ocratic ticket, when the District went Republican by
several hundreds. He was elected again in 1866, by a
majority of fifteen over a strong opponent, when the
District gave Governor Fenton six hundred majority.
He has, once or more, served as Supervisor.
Mr. LoED has been engaged for many years in building
canals in this State, and he enjoys a high reputation as a
contractor. He is now President of the Farmers' and
Mechanics' National Bank of Rochester, an old and reli-
able institution. As a citizen, Mr. Loed has a spotless
character, and, as a business man, his reputation is excel-
lent all over Central and Western New York.
Mr. LoED does not claim to be an orator ; his attention
has never been bestowed on the embellishments of rhetoric
and elocution. Whenever he has an opinion to utter, he
delivers it point blank, and usually with very good aim.
His shrewdness and plain sense are his leading character-
JOHN MAXWELL. 303
istics. At the opening of the present Legislature, his
party presented him as the Democratic candidate for
Speaker, and sustained him by an unbroken vote; but
the Republican majority in the House accomplished the
election of Mr. Pitts.
JOHN MAXWELL
Me. Maxwell who represents the First Assembly Dis-
trict of Ulster county, was born in the year 1818, in the
county of Tyrone, Ireland. His father Thomas Maxwell,
served under the gallant leader Sir Johk Mooee, and
afterward under Wellingto:j^, the " Iron Duke." . He par-
ticipated in the principal battles and campaigns of those
heroic leaders. At Waterloo, he was in the thickest of
the conflict, and was an eye witness of the turning of the
tide which swept away the eagles of France, and doomed
Napoleon to exile. In 1828, he immigrated to this
country, bringing with him his wife and five children,
among whom was his son John, then a lad of ten years,
and settled in the city of Philadelphia, where he remained
two years, and then removed to the neighborhood of
Saugerties, New York. Young Maxwell grew to man-
hood, in that vicinity, entered into mercantile business,
and also became a dealer in North River blue stone. Just
before the opening of the late civil war, Mr. Maxwell
retired from his former pursuits, and commenced brokerage
in New York city. The same industry and sagaciousness
which he had manifested in his previous enterprises were
undiminished in this latter business ; and his efforts
were attended with large returns of profit. His political
antecedents were Whig ; and at the organization of the
304 LIFE SKETCHES.
Republican party, he joined the columns which have
since received continued accessions, and have carried the
country through strife and bloodshed. Mr. Maxwell
represents a district which, in 1864, gave nearly '700
Democratic majority, but which gave him at the last
election, a majority of one hundred and seventy-nine.
He is a gentleman who is regarded by his acquaintances
as a first class man, and whose social relations are untar-
nished. He has a fine judgment in business matters, and in
relation to all just purposes, is very liberal, whereas he
decidedly condemns anything which bears the taint of
corruption. His intimate knowledge of our inland trade
and commerce fits him for his position on the Committee
on Commerce and Navigation.
Mr. Maxwell has a ruddy, jovial face, and a massive
frame, which looks as if it could stand a great amount of
fatigue.
CHARLES M^KINNEY
Charles McKinney, the Member of Assembly from
the Third District of Oswego county, is a native of the
county which he represents, having been born in Redfield,
in 1828. His parents were of New England stock, who
settled in Redfield nearly forty years ago, being among
the pioneers in the early settlement and development of
that region of the State.
Mr. McKiNNEY was educated mostly in the common
schools and academies in his section of the country, and,
except when in school, his boyhood was spent in agricul-
tural pursuits. After his majority, he was engaged six
years in the milling business, since which time he has been
a merchant.
In the aifairs and politics of his own town, Mr. McKijt-
NEY has not been passive, as is evidenced from the positions
conferred upon him by his fellow townsmen, whose confi-
dence and respect he fully enjoys. He has repeatedly
held the town offices of Inspector of Election, Town
Clerk, Assessor, etc.; and, in 1858, he was elected to the
office of Supervisor, to which he was again elected in
1865 and 1866; the duties of which place he has always
discharged to the entire satisfaction of his constituents.
He was elected to the present Legislature by a majority
of 1,571 votes, and represents one of the most radical
districts of the State. He serves on the Committees on
Towns and Counties, and Agriculture. Being without
legislative experience, except such as is acquired in the
local legislature of his county — the Board of Super-
visors — he has his record yet to make.
39
JACOB A. MEAD
Jacob Ackermax Mead, the member from Livingston
county, was born in Pompton, Passaic county, New
Jersey, on the 9th of September, 1816. His parents
removed to Seneca county, New York, in his infancy ; and
when ten years of age, he came to Ontario county. In
1835, he became a citizen of Mount Morris, Livingston
county, where he has since resided. He enjoyed the usual
opportunities for acquiring -a common school education,
and soon after settling in Mount Morris, became a mer-
chant. In this pursuit he continued for several years, and
afterward changed his occupation for that of a lumber
dealer.
He has always been active in politics. He was a Whig
down to the formation of the Republican party ; and since
that period, he has been an unhesitating advocate of the
principles of the latter party. From 1856 to 1859, he
held a position in the Engineer's Department, located at
Cuba, New York, and in 1861, he was appointed Superin-
tendent of the Genesee Valley Canal, which office he held
for a year, devoting himself with characteristic energy to
the performance of his duties. Mr. Mead has uniformly
favored all public measures promotive of the canal
interests of the State.
In 1863, he was appointed Commissioner of the Board
of Enrollment of the Twenty-fifth Congressional District,
and served efficiently in that capacity, until the Board, in
common with the other similar boards throughout the
country, was discontinued in 1865.
By the reapportionment of the State under the census
of 1865, the county of Livingston lost one representative
in the lower branch of the Legislature, thus leaving it
GEORGE W. MILLSPAUGH. 307
with a single member,' in the Assembly. In September
last, he was nominated at the Republican county Conven-
tion, and, although actively opposed throughout the can-
vass by the Hon. Mr. Hendee, present Supervisor of
Geneseo, and recently a member of the Assembly, a
gentleman of personal popularity, and claimed by his
friends as a Republican, (though nominated by a Demo-
cratic Convention,) Mr. Mead was elected by 849 majority.
He takes his seat with no little experience in the public
service, and his habits of industry and close inquiry, have
already fitted him for the vigilance required of him as a
member of the Committees on Commerce and Navigation,
and Federal Relations.
GEORGE W. MILLSPAUGH.
The paternal ancestors of Mr. Millspaugh emigrated
from Holland, about the year 1700. The name was origi-
nally spelled Meltzbach, but euphonic changes have toned
it down to its present mode of spelling. His maternal
grandfather, John Cameron, was a Scotchman, who, in
1757, then a lad of sixteen, residing near Edinburgh,
was impressed into the English service. He fought with
WoLEE at the taking of Quebec, and was subsequently a
soldier in the American army during the Revolution. At
the close of that struggle, he held a Lieutenant's com-
mission.
Mr. Millspaugh, until sixteeen years old, attended the
district school. He then availed himself of the educa-
tional benefits afforded by the Montgomery Academy.
While in the pursuit of his studies at that institution, he
also acquired no little experience in teaching, thus bring-
308 LIFE SKETCHES.
ing into practice the instruction which he had received.
When he was twenty-one years old, he began the study
of law in the office of General Borland, a distinguished
Democratic politician, and an able lawyer, residing at
Montgomery, Orange county, New York. Being thrown
somewhat upon his own efforts for his pecuniary supplies,
he taught two years, and pursued his legal studies during
his leisure time. After his admission to the Bar, which
transpired in February, 1850, he followed his profession
in the town of Montgomery, until the spring of 1858^
when he removed to Goshen. While a resident of
Montgomery, he was elected Superintendent of Common
Schools for the period of two years, and was likewise
Justice of the Peace four years. He has held the same
office during seven years of his residence in the town of
Goshen, and has been Clerk of the Board of Supervisors,
for the past five years.
In 1865, Mr. Millspaugh was elected to the Assembly
by the Democrats, by seventy-five majority, leading his
ticket, and being the only Democratic candidate who was
elected in the county. He was reelected in 1866 by a
majority of one hundred and eighty-nine. Such was the
popular feeling in his favor, he ran two hundred ahead of
his ticket in his District. Mr. Millspaugh is an unosten-
tatious man, aiming at no display, yet firm in his opinions.
He is concise in the expression of his views, and is a cour-
teous and manly opponent in debate. As a member of
the last Legislature, he gained the approval of men of all
parties by his straightforward manner in the transaction
of business ; he ranks among the prominent Members of
the present House. He is a member of the Committees
on Federal Relations, and on Local General Orders.
Mr. Millspaugh is a native of the town of Montgomery,
New York, and has always been a resident of Orange
county.
CHRISTIAN MINIER.
The Member of Assembly from the Second Assembly
District of Steuben county, was born in the town of Canis-
teo, county of Steuben, New York, in the year 1818. His
parents were natives of that county, and, at the time Mr.
MiNiEK was five years of age, moved to the town of Big
Flats, in the county of Chemung, where he remained
until his twenty-eighth year. At this time, he became a
resident of the town of Caton, in the county of Steuben,
of which he is now a resident. He received a common
school education, and, during the greater portion of his
life, has been engaged in the business of farming. He
has held the office of Justice of the Peace in his town for
fourteen years, and has also represented *his town in the
Board of Supervisors, at intervals, for ten years, during
that time serving upon the most important Committees
of that body. At the last election he was elected, in a
contested canvass, to the office he now holds, over Morris
Smith, Democrat, by a majority of 1885. He serves on
the Committees on Petitions of Aliens, and Public Lands.
ELISHA MOODY.
Mr. Moody is the senior member of the firm of " E.
Moody & Sons," proprietors of the Niagara Nurseries, at
Lockport, New York, where he has been engaged in that
business, during the last twenty-five years ; in the mean
time, he has emj^loyed several thousand men ; and such
has been his fairness in dealing, no person has had cause
to complain of Mr. Moody as an employer. In all busi-
ness transactions he bears the reputation of being prudent
and honest. He is a native of Unity, New Hampshire.
His father went to Cayuga county. New York, in 1816,
where he died in 1820. Mr. Moody then went to live
with Mr. WiLi^AM Haydex, near Auburn, and learned
the trade of woolen manufacturing. In 1835, he moved
to Michigan, and settled near the village of Allegan.
The country in that section, was comparatively in its
primitive state, and the wheels of civilization were just
beginning to move. Districts now populous and wealthy,
were then scarcely more than an unbroken wilderness ;
and counties now powerful in business and politics, were
in their infancy, both socially and politically. Mr. Moody
was one of the Inspectors of the first election held in the
county of Allegan after the organization of the State of
Michigan ; and attended the first wedding which trans-
pired in the county. While a resident of Allegan, he
held town offices, and was nominated for Judge Probate,
but he declined the honor, not being an aspirant for poli-
tical distinction, and preferring rather to devote his time
to his business projects which were quite important, as he
dealt largely in lands, for three or four years. Soon after
his return to this State, which took place in 1838, he
opened the nursery which we have already mentioned.
MICHAEL C. MUKPHY. 311
Mr. Moody, originally a Whig, is now a Republican of
undoubted zeal. He was elected by the First District
of Niagara county, by a majority of one hundred and
twenty-seven. He is on the Committees on Agriculture
and Roads and Bridges. As a citizen, Mr. Moody is
irreproachable. He is esteemed by his acquaintances,
and is counted among those who give substantial benefits
to their localities.
MICHAEL C. MURPHY
Mr. Murphy, though still young, has experienced many
exciting adventures, and has won military distinction in
defending his adopted country. He is a native of Kilmal-
lock, Limerick county, Ireland, where he was born March
7th, 1839. When about eight years of age, he came to
America, arriving in New York city, November, 1847.
When he reached a suitable age, he learned the printer's
trade. At the opening of the civil war in this country,
Mr. Murphy, in common with hundreds of others from the
same avocation, enlisted in the army. April 20th, 1861, he
was commissioned as Captain in the Ellsworth Regiment
of Fire Zouaves. After the release of General Corcoran
from the rebel prison. Captain Murphy resigned his com-
mission in the Regiment of Zouaves, and joined the '* Irish
Legion," as Captain. He was promoted, January 4th,
1863, to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the 2d Regiment of
the " Legion." He was closely identified with the move-
ments of General Corcoran's command, until he was
dismissed from the service by order of General Meade,
to date from June 9th, 1864, for sending a flag of truce to
the skirmishing line of the enemy, in an endeavor to save
312 LIFE SKETCHES.
the lives of one hundred and five privates and seven
officers, who were wounded and lying between both lines.
This took place May 24th, 1864, while he was in command
of the advance line of the Second Division of the Second
Army Corps. When this dismissal was brought to the
notice of General Grant, and the facts of the case were
clearly presented to him, he justified the course of Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Murphy, who was immediately restored to
his rank, by order of President Lincoln. He left the
service in March, 1865, in consequence of ill-health. He
was a valorous officer, and a man true to his country.
The Fenian raid upon Canada, which set the English
Cabinet in a flutter, made the Canadians quake with sud-
den fear, and caused her Majesty's troops to suppose that
the time for field duty had come, will long be remembered
as a preliminary movement which, though it failed to
accomplish the purposes of the Irish people, nevertheless
caused John Bull to cast an inquiring glance toward the
Emerald Isle, and wonder if Erin was really in earnest.
Mr. Murphy was General of that portion of the Fenian
army, in May and June, 1866, which was concentrated at
Malone, New York, and was intended for the assaulting
column against Montreal. Every reader is familiar with
the failure of that undertaking, the causes of which it
is neither our place nor purpose to discuss.
In November, 1866, Mr. Murphy was elected to the
Assembly by the Democrats of the First District of the city
of New York, which is composed of the First, Second,
Third and Fifth Wards. His majority w^s 1,496. He
was appointed on the Committee on Militia and Public
Defense.
He has a fine military bearing, is an agreeable gentle-
man, and wins the good will of those with whom he comes
in contact.
OWEN MURPHY.
Mr. Murphy was born in the county of Monaghan, Ire-
land, and is about thirty-two years of age. His father
died when he was about four years old, leaving him to
fight life's hard battle alone, and, single-handed, to achieve
position and honor. The family immigrated to the United
States, while he was quite young, locating in the city of
New York. He learned the trade of tinsmith and plumber,
and has since followed that avocation, commencing busi-
ness for himself, in March, 1857, locating in Houston street,
near Allen. In all his business relations, he has been very
successful, and has attained an enviable reputation for
uprightness and fair dealing. He served nine years in the
old Volunteer Fire Department, being an officer for
several years, and four successive times elected Foreman
of Hose 16, which office he held when the paid system
was inaugurated. He has taken a lively interest in all the
political issues of the day. He is an unflinching Demo-
crat ; but in the local politics of the city, he has always
opposed the corrupt practices of the " ring," and has been
in favor of supporting the most trustworthy men for office.
Although Mr. Murphy is a new member, an honorable
and responsible place on the Committee on Cities, was
given to him, by the Speaker.
40
JOHN OAKEY.
Mr. Oakey was born in Brooklyn, September 12th,
1829. He is a lineal descendant of John Okey, one of
Cromwell's favorite officers, and a regicide, having signed
the death-warrant of Charles I. Upon the Restoration,
he fled with his family to Holland, where, on some specious
pretext, he was enticed into Flanders, when he was ille-
gally seized and forcibly taken to England, tried, convicted
as a regicide, hung, quartered and dragged upon a hurdle.
The proceedings on his trial can be found among the
English State trials.
The sons of the regicide married among the Hollanders,
which fact accounts for the name of Oakey being found
among those of Dutch descent, although it is of English
origin. His descendants were among the first immigrants
to this country. One, named Henry Okey, settled in
Flatlands, Kings county, New York, and his descendants
have continued their residence in the same vicinity ; the
great-grandfather, grandfather and father of John Oakey,
all having been born there.
Mr. Oakey's father removed to Brooklyn, and lived there
a number of years ; he removed to Flatbush when John
was eight years old, and still continues to make it his
residence. Mr. Oakey's mother was born in Litchfield,
Connecticut, and was a descendant of the Rev. Mr.
Hooper, who founded the city of Hartford.
John Oakey was the seventh of nine children, and his
father being a journeyman -carpenter, all the little Oakeys
had to " scratch for themselves " as soon as they were
able. Fortunately, the location of Erasmus Hall Academy
in Flatbush, gave him advantages for education superior
to those of public schools, and at very little cost. Those
JOHN OAKEY. 315
opportunities were so well improved, that, when it came
time, in his father's judgment, for him, in consideration
of the circumstances of his family, to leave school, he was
prepared for college ; and interested friends, united with
his mother's solicitations, prevailed on his father to send
him to Yale, from which he graduated in 1849.
Upon leaving college, Mr. Oakey studied law in the
office of the late Hon. James Humphrey, M. C, in New
York city, during which time he supported himself, and
was also enabled to pay off a greater portion of the
indebtedness incurred in his education, by nightly giving
lessons on the violin ; so that which he had cultivated in
college as an amusement, became to him a great source of
help. After being admitted to the Bar, he entered a law
office as clerk, and, in a few years, became a partner in
the same office. He still continues the practice of his
profession in N'ew York city.
Mr. Oakey was a private in the noted lih Regiment
of New York city, National Guards, and served with it
in the memorable campaign in the defense of Washing-
ton, in the spring of 1861; three months, in 1862, at
Federal Hill, Baltimore; and, in 1863, at the same place,
and at Frederick and the Monocacy. He also served with
the regiment, during the New York riots.
Mr. Oakey had never been a politician, but, in Flat-
bush, has been School Trustee several terms. Trustee of
Erasmus Hall Academy, Justice of the Peace, &c. His
District was deemed to be Democratic, beyond perad-
venture, and he received the Republican nomination for
the Assembly, in 1865, as a forlorn hope, running against
Mr. Whitman, the Democratic candidate, who had been
elected the previous year by a large majority. Much to
his own surprise and that of his friends, he was elected by
three hundred and fifty majority. It was thought, in
1866, that he would be defeated, inasmuch as he had voted
316 LIFE SKETCHES.
for the Excise law, but he received the handsome majority
of two hundred and fifty, and was the only one of the mem-
bers of the previous House from Kings county, that was
returned. In the Assembly, Mr. Oakey occupies one of
the most honorable and responsible positions, having been
designated by the Speaker to the Chairmanship of the
Committee on Commerce and Navigation.
Mr. Oakey, besides being possessed of superior practical
qualifications as a working legislator, is one of the Avits of
the House, and is social, genial, aflfable and obliging, hav-
ing a smile and a kind word for all. He has been recently
promoted from a private in the ranks, to the position of
Judge Advocate, with the rank of Colonel, on the Staff
of Major-General Shalee, First Division, New York State
National Guard.
DANIEL O'REILLY.
This gentleman has royal Irish blood in his veins, being
a descendant of the famous O'Reillys, of the county of
Cavan, Ireland, who were Princes under the Irish mon-
archy, and participated in the ineffectual struggles of Erin
to keep herself an independent government.
He was born in Cavan county, Ireland, in the year 1839.
When very young, he left his home, without the knowl-
edge, and, in fact, against the will of his parents, and
came to New York city, where he obtained an education
in the public schools. After leaving school, Mr. O'Reilly
was employed in the manufacture of soda water, for several
years. But being, at that time, of a restless and ven-
turesome disposition, he embarked on an expedition to
Nicaragua, with the late General Walker. The romance
of his dreams was dissipated by the privations which he
DANIEL o'rEILLY. 31 7
had to endure. Instead of General Walker's marching,
with triumphant banners, to the consummation of success,"
his progress was, inch by inch, disputed, until he found
his army dwindled down to a mere handful of men.
After many sufferings, Mr. O'Reilly returned to New
York.
When the late war broke out, he enlisted in the 170th
Regiment, ISTew York State Volunteers, and served until
the surrender of the Rebel forces. He participated in
twenty-one different battles, among which were those of
Bristow Station, Mine Run, Chancellorsville, Wilderness,
Spottsylvania Court House, North Anne River, Peters-
burgh, Richmond, &c. After his return from the war, he
was elected School Inspector of the Fourteenth Ward of
New York, and acted in that capacity until an act of the
Legislature abrogated that office. Last fall, he was nomi-
nated, by the Mozart Democracy of the Third District, for
Member of the Assembly, and was elected against three
other candidates, by a plurality of four hundred and
eighty-two.
JOHN L. PARKER.
The birth-place of Mr. Parker is Sempronius — now
Moravia — Cayuga county, New York, where he was born,
on the 25th day of March, 1825. On his mother's side, he
is a descendant of John Locke, whose name is familiar
to almost every one ; and his father was of the English
family of Parkers, of Welsh descent.
Mr. Parker obtained his education, which was academic,
by his own exertions. Conscious that the best investment
which could be made with his time and money, was to be
found in qualifying himself for the opportunities which
fall in the way of every citizen, he studied diligently
while at school, confident that, in after years, he would be
amply repaid for his studiousness. On the completion of
his school life, he began the study of law. In due time,
he was admitted to practice ; and he has continued in his
profession ever since, rising, by persevering toil, to an
honorable place at the Bar of Cayuga county. Soon after
Mr. Parker attained his majority, he became an office-
holder, and he has never been out of office, since that time ;
consequently, his life has been very closely interwoven
with politics. Originally a Democrat, he remained so,
until 1856, when he joined the Republican party, preferring
to attach himself to an organization which had for its
foundation, the enduring princii^les of equity, rather than
to remain within the ranks of Hunkerism.
Mr. Parker has natural and acquired qualifications,
which have placed him among the most influential mem-
bers of the House. As a parliamentarian, he has few
superiors, and his knowledge in this regard, with his
naturally quick intellect and intuitive shrewdness, have
rendered him one of the best tacticians in the Assembly,
JOHN L. PAKKEE. 319
for several years. This fact caused him to be selected
by a party caucus, in his first year (1865), to engineer
the Metropolitan Paid Fire Department Bill through the
House ; and he did it, although the opposition was strong
and unscrupulous. His skill, in this respect, received a
striking illustration, in 1867, when, in the first few weeks
of the session, he brought to a third reading in the House,
and passed by a unanimous vote, a bill to require tlie rail-
road companies of this State to give equal freight and
express fixcilities to all (a bill designed to reach the case
of the Merchants' Union Express Company). The bill
passed through all the stages of legislation openly, yet so
quietly, that its presence was scarcely known before it had
passed beyond the jurisdiction of the House.
Mr. Parker has also eminent qualifications as a presid-
ing officer, having the requisite knowledge, promptness
and decision for that position. His qualifications in that
respect caused him to be selected, in 1865, by a party
caucus, as Chairman of the Committee of the Whole, on
the Metropolitan Health Bill, and the Buffalo Police Bill.
In 1866, he was frequently called to take the Chair by
Speaker Tremaix.
He is also an effective debater. In 1865, he delivered a
speech on the Constitutional Amendment; in 1866, on the
Health Bill, and the resolutions indorsing Congress against
the President; and, in 1867, an impromptu argument on the
Constitutional Amendments, all of which were deservedly
highly praised and widely read.
In his general course as a legislator, he has sought the
best interests of the State, the keeping down of taxation,
and the overthrow or crippling of monopolies. He has
been Chairman, for two years, of the Committee on Rail-
roads, serving in that delicate position with credit to
himself, honor to his constituents and the true interests
of the State.
GEORGE J. PENFIELD
This gentleman was born, March 24th, 1826, in Camden,
Oneida county, New York. He is the youngest son of
Fowler Penfield, of English descent, who took part in
the war of 1812, on the western frontier, and who was the
second son of Jesse Penfield who distinguished him-
self in the Revolutionary war, having entered the service
at the age of seventeen. He served in the army, over
seven years, and was in the battle of White Plains, and
all the other memorable battles of the Revolution ; he then
removed from the State of Connecticut to Camden, New
York, where he lived to a good old age.
On the maternal side, Mr. Penfield is of French and
Holland descent, of the families bearing the names of
DeMilt and Wormsley, that fled from the persecutions
instituted against the Christians, having left their property
to be confiscated, and landed on Manhattan Island, when
New York was but a small village. Benjamin DeMilt
was a man of almost unbounded liberality; he donated
an extensive library to the Mechanics' Library of New
York city, and appropriated a large amount of money
to that institution. His maiden sisters bequeathed a great
portion of their estate to benevolent institutions ; and the
authorities of New York honored them for the deed, by
giving one of the Dispensaries their name.
Mr. Penfield had few advantages for acquiring learn-
ing. From boyhood, to the age of twenty-five, he was
employed in farming pursuits. Before he was twenty-one,
he removed, with his father and family, to Westchester
county. New York.
For twelve or thirteen years, Mr. Penfield conducted
a lucrative business, in the town of New Rochelle. On
GEOEGE J. PENFIELD. 321
the breaking out of the war, he aided in fitting out the
first regiment of volunteers which went from Westchester
county, and which participated in the disastrous battle
of Bull Run. He, and other patriotic gentlemen in that
vicinity, pledged themselves to the support of the families
of the soldiers who went out at that time ; and they faith-
fully redeemed their pledge. And, in fact, all through
the war, Mr. Penfield was among the foremost of those
who assiduously exerted themselves to fill the quotas of
men, which were demanded for the purpose of filling up
our broken columns in the field. In 1862, he was elected
Secretary of the Westchester county Mutual Insurance
Company, and was subsequently chosen President of it.
He has also held various town offices. He is now a mem-
ber of the Board of Education, and one of the first Trustees
of the village of New Rochelle; and he has twice repre-
sented his town in the Board of Supervisors, having been
elected by the Democratic party. He is President of the
Savings Bank in New Rochelle; and, as a business man,
displays eminent characteristics. He very materially aided
in securing the erection of a new church edifice for the
congregation of which he is a member, also in improving
the public schools in order to meet the growing wants of
his town, and in accomplishing the incorporation of the
village of New Rochelle.
Mr. Penfield is of iiTeproachable character, and a
useful citizen. He was elected to the Assembly, over
his Republican opponent, by a fair majority; and was
appointed on the Committee on Insurance Companies.
41
HENRY A. PHILLIPS
Lewis county is represented in the Assembly, this
year, by a new member, Henry A. Phillips of Lowville,
a young man of much promise. There are few men in
Lewis county who have enjoyed better early advantages,
or who have gathered more experience or useful knowl-
edge from passing events, than Mr. Phillips. Having
early received a thorough education, and mingled much
in public life, he is now well prepared to discharge the
responsibilities of a position, which he did not, in any way,
seek.
Mr. Phillips is a native of Connecticut, having been
born in Middletown, July 20th, 1834. His parents were
of English descent. In the early part of his life, he went
to Lewis county, New York, and attended school at Low-
ville Academy, several years ; after that, he graduated at
the State Normal School, at Albany, and subsequently was
a student at the Meridan Classical Academy, in New
Hampshire. He is a good scholar, and has obtained con-
siderable celebrity, as a literary lecturer. He is one of the
best political speakers in Lewis county.
For several years, he edited the Journal and Republi-
can, a newspaper printed at Lowville. His reputation as
a journalist is well established, and it is acknowledged
that he conducted the paper with discretion and ability,
doing very much in his county to elevate the Republican
party to its present commanding position. Mr. Phillips
left the publishing business, in consequence of ill health,
about two years ago, and has since traveled extensively,
greatly to the improvement of his health.
He was, for three years. Chairman of the Republican
county Committee, of Lewis county, a position which he
JOSEPH H. PLUMB. 323
filled with signal ability. He lias often been elected dele-
gate to the various political conventions of his party, in
the State, and has formed a thorough acquaintance with
the public men of the day. He now enters upon his first
experience as a legislator, with all the qualifications which
a new member can possess — honesty, education and talent.
He occupies a position in the front rank of the young
members of the Legislature. His brief speech in the
Assembly on the bill to provide for a Constitutional Con-
vention, was concise and argumentative.
He holds a good position on Committees, and is well
known as an active, useful and influential legislator.
JOSEPH H. PLUMB,
Colonel Plumb belongs to a New England family. His
father, Mr. Ralph Plumb emigrated from Connecticut to
this State, about the close of the war with Great Britain,
making his home, for a season, in Oneida county. He
afterward removed to Talmadge, on the Western Reserve,
Ohio. Here his son Joseph was born, March 10th, 1819.
The ensuing July, Mr. Plumb removed to Fredonia, in
Chautauqua county, where he remained four years, after
which, he made his residence at Gowanda, near Aldrich
Mills, lying in the town of Collins, Erie county. At this
period the region was a wilderness, and but two or three
white families dwelt in the vicinity. Here young Plumb
spent his boyhood. Great pains were taken with his edu-
cation. His father and family belonged to the Presbyte-
rian Church, of which he has also been a member for many
years. Joseph was duly put to school, and at riper age,
324 LIFE SKETCHES.
became a student at the Fredonia Academy, and also at
the Oneida Institute, at Whitesboro', then under the
charge of Rev. Beriah Geeen.
After leaving school, he entered his father's store, and
afterward became a partner. They carried on business, in
an honorable way, securing general confidence, and with it,
liberal patronage. Several years afterward, he engaged
also in milling, and established a factory for wool carding
and cloth dressing, in those days an important branch of
business. He prospered in everything that he undertook,
and acquired a handsome fortune. Finally, several years
ago, he withdrew from mercantile business, and having
bought a large farm, gave his attention entirely to dairy-
ing, in which he has been actively engaged ever since.
He held, for several years, the rank of Colonel of the
198th Regiment, of the New York State Militia.
The Plumb family always took an active interest in
political subjects. They were supporters of Whig prin-
ciples. Mr. Alvin Plumb represented the county of
Chautauqua, in the Assembly, in 1833 and 1837, and
Ralph, his brother, was elected from Erie county, in 1834.
Colonel Plumb himself, was a member of the Assembly in
1860, but had no share in its unenviable reputation, having
early resolved to work for no measure which was pressed
by improper agencies. He also held the office of Super-
visor of the town of Collins for six years, and was Chair-
man of the Board at its last session.
After the dissolution of the Whig party. Colonel Plumb
united with the " Americans," and was their candidate for
the Assembly in 1859, receiving over twelve hundred
majority. He has ever since acted with the Republicans,
supporting Mr. Lincoln, for President, in 1860, and
forming that wing of the dominant political party which
supported the emancipation policy, and the most vigorous
prosecution of the war. At the last election he received
WILLIAM POOL. 825
3,195 votes, a majority of 361. He is a man of unassuming
manners, untiring industry, and great wariness. More
such representatives would insure the best legislation.
Mr. Plumb is a member of the Committees on Insurance
Companies, Claims, and Local General Orders.
WILLIAM POOL.
Mr. Pool was bom in Lewiston, Niagara county, New
York, May 15th, 1825, and is the eldest of seven children,
five of whom are living. He is a descendant, in the- seventh
degree, from Edward Pool, who died in Weymouth,
Mass., in 1664. His father, Thomas F. Pool, was born in
Abington, Mass., and removed with his parents to Niagara
county, the year previous to the declaration of the war of
1812, where, with the exception of a year, when driven
from the frontier by the invasion of the British and
Indians, he has ever since resided, in the enjoyment of a
competence secured by an honest and industrious life.
His mother, previous to marriage, was Miss Fanny
Sutherland, who removed to Niagara county from Suth-
erland's Falls, Vermont, when quite young, and engaged
in school teaching. Her ancestry, on the maternal side,
is traceable to Prince Rupert of Cromwell's time.
Senator Sutherland, of Westchester county, is, we
believe, a relative. She died in 1849.
Mr. Pool spent his youth upon the farm, and enjoyed
such advantages as were afforded by the common schools
of those days, with the additional advantage of a period
passed at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, New
York. He married Miss Wealthy Woolson, in 1848,
326 LIFE SKETCHES.
and settled near his birth-place. He was, soon after,
appointed Postmaster of the Dickinsonville Post-office,
just then established under Mr. Fillmoee's adminis-
tration. Ambitious to engage in other pursuits, he
resigned his office, leased his farm, and removed to Lock-
port, in 1852, entering the office of the Lockport Daily-
Courier (then owned by C. L. Skeels, Esq.), as assistant
in the editorial and business department. In May, 1854,
in compliance with the wishes of prominent citizens of
Niagara Falls, the publication of the Niagara Falls Gazette
was commenced by him, in company with B. F. Sleeper,
Esq. In January, 1864, Mr. Pool became sole proprietor,
and he continues to manage and edit the Gazette with
pecuniary profit, and to the evident satisfaction of his
townsmen.
Mr. Pool entered political life as an earaest "Whig, and
he has ever since been steadily opposed to the general
policy of the Democratic party. His town is strongly
Democratic; hence, although he has been the candidate
of his party for the highest town offices, he has never
held other than those of minor importance. His
political fidelity and party services were very properly
recognized by the Republican party of his Assembly Dis-
trict, in 1866, and he was unanimously nominated in
convention as its candidate for Member of Assembly.
The nomination was ratified by the largest majority (566)
ever given for that office by the towns comprising the Dis-
trict, which has been represented by such able men as
Hon. P. B. Porter (Speaker of the Assembly in 1841),
Hon. Burt Van Horn (present Member of Congress), the
late Colonel P. A. Porter (killed at Coal Harbor while
leading his regiment, the 8th New York Heavy Artillery),
and others. He is a member of the Committees on
Engrossed Bills and Public Printing, and is Chairman of
the former.
OSCAJR F. POTTEE. 327
Mr. Pool has always taken a deep interest in all that
related to the prosperity of his village and county. He
has invested liberally of his time and means in aid of
local improvements, and in attending to the educational,
church, military and social organizations and interests of
his village.
OSCAll F. POTTER
Mr. Potter represents the Fourth District of Albany
county. His native town is Fort Edward, Washing-
ton county, New York, where he was bom in 1824.
Having lived there during the first eight years of his
life, he removed with his parents to Waterford, New
York. The death of his father occurred when he was
thirteen years old. As the boy Oscar grew up, he
was engaged on the canals and rivers of this State, and
connected with the lumbering business, in which he is
now interested. In 1861, Mr. Potter was elected Justice
of the Peace of the town of Watervliet, on the Repub-
lican ticket, and held that office until 1866. At that
time, the slaveholders' rebellion having broken out, he
arranged his business matters with a view of entering
the army, but he was turned from his purpose by those
who furnished the materials for the first monitor, and was
induced to aid the government by supplying articles for
naval and army uses. In doing so, however, he was not
fortunate enough to accumulate wealth, as did many
others ; but, on the contrary, he contributed fully as much
as he made, to support the cause of the country. Since
the cessation of hostilities, Mr. Potter, in common with
numerous other Republicans in his town, has worked with
328 LIFE SKETCHES.
renewed zeal for the predominance of his party. In this,
they have been eminently rewarded by seeing the strong-
holds of Democracy broken up, and their own ticket
triumphant. He was elected to the Assembly by a
majority of two hundred and ninety-two. He has a
position on the Committees on Affairs of Villages, and
Public Lands. Mr. Potter earnestly advocates all
measures for the improvement of the Hudson river,
believing that the key to the inland resources of the
State should not be overlooked in our expenditures.
ALPHEUS PRINCE
Me. Prince is the member from the Fourth District of
Erie county, comprised of the towns of Alden, Amherst,
Chictawauga, Clarence, Elma, Grand Island, Lancaster,
Marilla, Newstead and Tonawanda, representing a popu-
lation of 29,486. He was born in the town of Verona,
Oneida county, New York, in the " Tilden Hill district,"
on the 13th of December, 1824, and is therefore in his
forty-third year. His father Mr. David Prince, a most
estimable citizen, and family removed to Erie county, in
1836, where he still resides. Young Prince attended the
district school in his native town, and afterward at New-
stead, but subsequently took an academic course at Clinton,
Oneida county. He was always popular among his mates.
He is a farmer by vocation, but being of an active tem-
perament, always took a warm interest in public matters.
He is " six feet high and well-proportioned," weighing two
hundred and forty-five pounds. Having a clear florid com-
plexion and a brilliant eye, he is one of the good looking
men in the House. Possessed of great suavity of manner
SAMUEL M. PUEDT. * 329
and an agreeable sociability of temperament, he wins the
good opinion of all with whom he comes in contact. In
politics, Mr. Prince has always been a Democrat, and as
such, was a delegate to the Charleston Convention of 1860.
He has been a delegate to several State Conventions, and
as a politician he always had the confidence of the late
Dean Richmond whom he greatly resembles in personal
appearance, and in his strong common sense view of men
and politics. Mr. Pkince has ever stood well with his
party; among his fellow citizens he is generally respected,
as he never unpleasantly obtrudes his opinions upon those
who see proper to differ with him. The only important
political offices ever held by Mr. Pkince, previous to his
election to the Assembly, last fall, were Deputy United
States Marshal, and Deputy United States Collector at
Buffalo. He is a member of the Committee on Roads and
Bridges.
SAMUEL M. PURDY
West Farms, a town in "Westchester county, New
York, is situated along the Sound, and the Harlem River.
Its scenery is picturesque ; Bronx River bounding it on
the east, and Harlem River on the west, and Mill-Brook
winding its way through the central portion ; undulating
plains, broken, here and there, by ridges, and productive
and well-tilled farms, all conspire to combine within its
limits a great deal of beauty and utility. Mr. Purdy has
long been a resident of this town, and ever since he settled
among its people, has held an honorable rank among his
townsmen. He was born, August 28th, 1824, in East
Chester, Westchester county, New York. In youth, he
42
330 • LIFE SKETCHES.
received an ordinary English education, and then studied
law in the office of Samuel E. Lyoi?", Esq., of White
Plains. At the age of twenty-five, his law studies having
been completed, Mr. Purdy passed the usual examination,
and was admitted to practice, settling in the town of West
Farms. The people elected him Justice of the Peace, in
1850, and they have conferred that office upon him, each
successive term ever since. He was a member of the
Board of Supervisors, in the years 1855, '56, '61, '64, '65
and ^G6^ being four times elected without opposition. At
his last election to the office of Supervisor, out of the 521
votes cast, Mr. Purdy received 513 ; at the same time he
was chosen Justice of the Peace by a vote of 518 to 4.
Evidently the electors of West Farms are very well satis-
fied with Mr. Purdy. Such local popularity is rarely
possessed by any man. He enjoys the confidence of the
inhabitants in his town and vicinity, who often consult
him in business matters, intrust large sums of money to
him for investment, and act upon his sagacious suggestions.
He is not a public reformer, but he entertains and practices
the strictest principles of temperance ; and his personal
example in this direction, is a potent, silent influence,
which wins the regard of the community, and places him
on a high plane of morality.
In politics, Mr. Purdy was a Whig, until the election
of James Buchanan for the Presidency ; since that time,
he has most scrupulously indorsed the Democratic plat-'
forms and nominees. While the conflict with the South
was transpiring, his influence, both in an official capacity,
and as a private citizen, was used in filling the quotas
required, each time when there was a call for troops, thus
saving the town from a draft. He was elected to the
Assembly, last fall, by a majority of 820. Mr. Purdy
serves on the Committee on Internal Afiairs, and capably
performs his legislative work.
JOHN KABER
Mr. Raber, Representative of the Sixth District of
Kings county, is a native of Prussia ; he was born March
2d, 1823. He came to this country when he was ten
years of age; and, until 1841, his home was in the city of
New York. Though he received but the advantages of an
ordinary business education, yet he entered upon the active
pursuits of life, determined to battle successfully. His first
employment was as a clerk in the agricultural business ; in
1850, he was engaged in wire cloth and sieve manufactur-
ing ; in 1857, he was interested in the flour and feed trade ;
and, some time after, was largely engaged in the grocery
business. In all of these various undertakings, Mr. Raber
has met with the success which follows energy, enterprise
and practical knowledge.
Mr. Raber has always been an active and unchanging
Democrat ; not in any sense an office seeker, he, only once
before his election to the Assembly, was a candidate for
the indorsement of the people ; that was in 1865, when he
ran for Supervisor of the Sixteenth Ward of Brooklyn,
and was defeated through party divisions. But, in 1 866,
he received the unanimous support of the Democracy.
^r. Raber is a quiet man, speaking seldom, and then
briefly ; and, as a representative, is attentive and devoted
to the interests of the public.
FRANK A. RANSOM,
Mr. Ransom, Membef of Assembly from the Seventh
District of New York city, was born at Olcott, Niagara
county. New York, March 5th, 1838. He is mainly of
English descent. After several removals, his parents took
up their residence at Lockport, in the same county, in
1847, where they still reside. There he enjoyed the
advantages of education afforded by the Lockport Union
School, until fourteen years of age, at which time he set
out to make his own way in the world, commencing as a
clerk in the village of his nativity. In 1856, he started
for New York city, and was there engaged as a book-
keeper in a large importing house. In the spring of 1858,
owing to the fact that the firm by which he was employed
became somewhat involved, and the prospects of obtain-
ing employment being rather limited at that time, he
concluded to spend the summer with his parents at Lock-
port. But his active disposition would not brook idleness,
and failing to procure other employment he applied
for and obtained the place of teacher in a district school
in his native county. He took the school for three months,
with the privilege of teaching for five if he should so
conclude. Beginning with the idea of having a better
school than had ever been taught there before, he quickly
ascertained that thoroughness in the teacher was not merit
in the scholars' opinion, and that many of the parents
sympathized with their children in that belief When the
three months were up, he was only too glad to get rid of
his thankless task. This was his view of teaching. Hq^v-
ing now arrived at the age of manhood, he felt that it was
time for him to lay out a course for life, and concluded to
enter the legal profession. He was admitted as a student
FRANK A. EANSOM. 333
into the office of Messrs. Woods, Murray & Greene, of
Lockport, Attorneys of extensive practice in the western
part of the State. After remaining in their office, about a
year, he left his studies and again went to New York,
determined to accumulate sufficient means, and then resume
his studies, which he never entirely abandoned although he
has since been busily engaged in conducting a successful
mercantile trade. In 1860, he engaged in the liquor busi-
ness, in Bleecker street, which he conducts at the present
time. He was admitted to the Bar at the December term
of the Supreme Court, in and for the city and county of
New York, in 1866.
He has never mingled actively in politics, although
always a strict and uncompromising Democrat, believing
the Constitution of the United States, valid both in peace
and in war. He never held a political office before. He
was elected to the Legislature as Member of Assembly,
for 1867, from the Seventh District of New York city,
receiving the nominations of the Tammany, Mozart, and
Conservative Republican Conventions. He was opposed
by Edward Mitchell (Radical Republican), and James
Riley who received the nominations of the McKeon and
Democratic Union Conventions. His majority over Mr.
Mitchell was ninety-four, Mr. Riley getting but a small
vote. The seat is contested by Mr. Mitchell who claims
that in the First District of the Fifteenth "Ward, the can-
vassers gave to Riley votes which were cast for him,
(Mitchell), and which determined the election. No
fraud is charged upon Mr. Ransom. He is the first
Democrat ever elected to the Assembly from the Fifteenth
Ward. The district has been heretofore Republican. He
is on the Aifairs of Villages.
JAMES REED.
The Member from the Eighth District of New York,
was born on the 19th of August, 1818, in New Brunswick,
New Jersey. His paternal ancestors were Irish, and
the maternal ones were German. While yet an infant,
Mr. Reed was taken to the city of New York, by his
parents, where he resided until fourteen years of age,
having enjoyed the benefits of a select school education.
Then going to Yonkers, he engaged to a butcher, and
thoroughly learned the trade, after five years' service.
Returning to New York, he went to work in the Clinton
Market, remained there a short time, and then went to
Peekskill, where he hired out as a journeyman at his
occupation. But New York city had too many attractions
for him, and he soon returned to it, opening a market on
Avenue B, and then in Broadway. He is now one of the
prominent dealers in Fulton Market. •
Mr. Reed early took an active interest in politics, and
was a general favorite among the young Democracy of
1840 and 1844. The first public position ever filled by
him, was that of Deputy Clerk of Washington Market,
being appointed in 1852, which position he filled with
credit to himself and advantage to the city. In 1860, he
was elected one of the Aldermen of New York, but was
defeated in his efibrts for reelection. Mr. Reed's election
to the Assembly was by an overwhelming majority. In
person, the subject of this sketch is very portly, and
though often sick, he is attentive to his duties, and makes
an excellent representative.
AUSTIN L. REYNOLDS
Me. Reynolds was born in the town of Moreau, Sara-
toga county, New York, on the 19th day of June, 1826.
His father, George Reynolds, was originally from the
State of Rhode Island, and early in life came into Moreau
and established his homestead. He was for many years
one of the most active and energetic business men of the
town, and received, previous to his death, in 183^, all
the respect due to a high-minded, worthy citizen. The
subject of this sketch enjoyed the advantages of an
academic education, pursuing a thorough course, first as a
student at the Glens Falls Academy, and completing
his studies at the Kinderhook Academy, in Columbia
county. He next entered upon a course of legal studies,
and thoroughly qualified himself for the Bar, to which he
was admitted in 1852. With fine prospects he entered
upon the practice of a profession in which two of his
brothers were engaged — James L. Reynolds, of Fort
Edward, taking high rank at the Washington county Bar,
and Hon. John H. Reynolds, of Albany, distinguished as
among the most eminent lawyers of the State. The con-
finement of office employment at length so far impaired
his health as to compel him to relinquish his practice, and
engage in the active pursuits of out-door business. He
turned his attention to farming, in which he was not a
novice, having had charge of his mother's estate for
several years after the demise of his father. He likewise
engaged in lumbering, and has been amply successful in
both occupations, in which he still continues. In 1854, he
was a candidate for Member of Assembly, and was.
defeated by the small majority of thirteen votes. He
was connected with the Democratic party down to the
830 LIFE SKETCHES.
commencement of the Slaveholders' rebellion, when he
felt comjDelled to sunder old party ties, and place himself
on the side of his country, in the ranks of the Repub-
lican Union party. None were warmer in the support of
the war for the preservation of the Union, and none have
more firmly maintained the great principles of the party
to which he now belongs. He has held various positions
in town and county. For seven terms he has been Super-
visor of Moreau, elected as a Democrat, previous to the
war, five years in succession, from a town largely Repub-
lican, and since twice elected by the Union party to the
same office, and twice in succession as a Member of
the State Assembly. He first took his seat in January,
1866, and served on the Committee on Cities, one of the
most important committees of the House, and also on
the Committee on Roads and Bridges. His second term
began in January, 1867, and he was again placed on the
Committee on Cities.
As a man, he possesses all the solid. qualities that give
to character its worth and beauty. His mental and moral
habits give cast to his course of action in the ordinary
affairs of life. He takes time to plan, but, when resolved,
no obstacles turn him from his purpose, and success is
not problematical. Perhaps few men act with greater
preassurance of desired results ; and, by a wise forecast,
directing his efforts, he has established a high reputation
as a safe and prosperous business man. As a friend, he is
generous, firm, reliable. As a citizen, he is true to the
best interests of society. Upholding and illustrating
the virtues that adorn, denouncing and uprooting the
vices that disgrace, he is always careful that his example
shall be worthy of imitation. As a legislator, he took
^high rank, during his first term in the Assembly; and
so honorably did he discharge his duties, as to make a
reputation of which his constituents are justly proud,
WILLIAM H. EICE. 337
and they returned him to his present seat by a largely
increased majority, satisfied that he will again ably repre-
sent them, and maintain the honor of their choice. He
enjoys the popular favor to an eminent degree, and in
every respect is worthy of the repeated marks of confi-
dence bestowed upon him by the people.
WILLIAM H. RICE.
Doctor William H. Rice represents the Second District
of Oswego county. He was born in Elbridge, Onondaga
county, New York, in 1821 ; but, when he was quite young,
his parents removed to Clay, in the same county, where the
most of his youth was spent. His early education was
acquired in the common schools of the town, and in some
of the academies of the State. His medical studies were
commenced in his own county, and subsequently pursued,
for two years, in New York city; he graduated from
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, after a thorough
course of study, in 1846.
After graduating, Doctor Rice spent nearly two years,
traveling in New England, and in the Southern and
Western States. He subsequently resided one year in
Brooklyn, New York. In 1850, he located in Caugh-
denoy, Oswego county, his present residence. A thorough
knowledge of his profession soon gave him a large field
of practice. In sentiment, he has always been opposed to
slavery, and, therefore, entered, at the first, into the Repub-
lican organization, of which he is a leading member in his
own locality.
In the practice of his profession. Doctor Rice had little
time to devote to office. He was, however, elected Town
43
338 LIFE SKETCHES.
Superintendent of Common Schools, and, for some time,
held the office of Postmaster in his village, and was
Supervisor of his town in 1859, and again in 1860.
In the fall of 1861, the Second Oswego County Regi-
ment, the 81st New York Volunteers, was placed in the
field, and, in December of that year. Doctor Rice was
commissioned as its Surgeon. Thoroughly educated in
his profession, he fulfilled all of his arduous duties with
fidelity. He was with the 81st Regiment, during all of the
Peninsular campaign, participating in the battle of Fair
Oaks, in which the 81st, being in the advance, suffered
severely. He was with his regiment, also, in all the
famous " seven days' fight " before Richmond. After this,
the 81st was detailed for garrison duty at Yorktown; but,
in December, 1862, it was ordered south, where it partici-
pated in the first attempt upon Charleston, in April, 1863.
In July following, the regiment was ordered to North
Carolina, where it shared in the dangers of the cam-
paign at that point. In the spring of 1864, it was
attached to the "Army of the James," under General
Butler, and was among the first regiments landed at
Bermuda Hundred. Forming a part of the Corps of
"Baldy Smith," it was uniformly in the fights, until
the affair at Drury's Bluff, in which it was engaged under
General Smith, after which it joined General Grant at
Coal Harbor, prominently participating in the severe
a'ffairs at that point, on the 2d and 3d of June, 1864.
Doctor Rice was here placed in the responsible charge
of the Field Hospital of the 18th Army CorjDS. He con-
tinued on duty at that hospital, until the 12th of June,
when the corps returned to Bermuda Hundred, and par-
ticipated in the second attempt on that stronghold of
Petersburgh. After this, be was put in charge of the
medical department of General Carr's Brigade, then
commanding the defenses of the James. He discharged
SETH M. RICHMOND. ' 339
the duties of this position, until he was mustered out,
near the close of the war. He had the reputation of being
a faithful, popular and efficient surgeon.
Doctor Rice was elected by the Republicans of his
District, to the Legislature of 1866, in which body he
served on the Committees on Public Health, Medical Col-
leges and Societies, and Federal Relations. He was
reelected to the Assembly of 1867. He is Chairman of
the Committee on Charitable and Religious Institutions,
and a member of the Committees on Public Health, Med-
ical Colleges, &c.
As a legislator, Doctor Rice is industrious and careful,
and is vigilant and faithful to all the interests of his
constituents, with whom he has earned the reputation of
being a sagacious representative.
SETH M. RICHMOND.
Mr. Richmond, representing the county of Herkimer,
in the Assembly, was born. May 17th, 1818, in the town
of Augusta, Oneida county. His father. Deacon Isaac
Richmond, Avas one of the very first settlers in Oneida
county, to which he removed early in life, from Massachu-
setts, where most of the ancestry of Mr. Richmond
resided.
With merely the advantages of a common school educa-
tion, Mr. Richmond, when sixteen years of age, commenced
as clerk in the country store of General Knox, in Augusta,
and, in 1837, came to Little Falls, Herkimer county — where
he has ever since resided — acting in the capacity of cashier
and bookkeeper of the extensive works connected with the
enlargement of the Erie Canal, at that point. Three years
340 LIFE SKETCHES.
later, he began business for himself, as a merchant and job-
ber of goods, mostly connected with country trade, in the
different villages of the county; and, in 1843, he commenced
the manufacture of paper, and subsequently of axes. Ever
since that time, he has been in active business, at Little
Falls, and has been largely identified with the prosperity
and growth of that village. He has been interested as a
partner in the building and running of three large paper
mills, one of which was destroyed by fire, in 1853, at a loss
of $20,000 ; and, for many years, he carried on the princi-
pal lumber trade of the village. Indeed, he was the
pioneer in this extensive trade, between the timbered
regions of the " North Woods " and the eastern markets.
In 1841, he commenced the coal business, and furnished
the first anthracite coal, for domestic use, ever seen in Little
Falls ; and now the consumption of that article is several
thousand tons per annum. For many years, he was also
engaged in business upon the Erie Canal, with the inter-
ests, necessities and management of which, he became very
familiar, and in the prosperity and success of which, he
has always been deeply interested.
In 1855, he was elected Justice of the Peace, on the
Whig ticket, in opposition to the Know Nothing candi-
date; and, in 1857, was chosen President of the village,
to which position he was afterward reelected, for three
successive years. He was Sheriif of Herkimer county,
in 1860-63. During his official career, the Northern
Copperhead riots transpired. Mr. Richmond issued a
proclamation, enjoining all good citizens to stand by law
and order. The result was salutary ; though at first many
of his political opponents were disposed to harshly criti-
cise him, yet, as time brought events into closer order,
every man, whether Democrat or Republican, could not
do otherwise than concur in his course. During the civil
war, he was President of the Union clubs in his town, and
SETII M. EICHMOND. 341
received, at his house, many of the sanitary supplies, which
were forwarded to their destination. In the mean time,
he went to the front, and visited the soldiers at Fredericks-
burgh and Arlington Heights, and while there, was made
the recipient of large sums of money from the soldiers, for
distribution among their families, on his return.
In 1866, the county, under the new apportionment,
being entitled to but one member of Assembly, he was,
while absent from home, and totally ignorant of the action
of the convention, unanimously nominated by the Repub-
licans for that position. His majority, in the election, was
next to the highest given, in the county, for any candidate.
His political antecedents are those of the Whig party,
from Harrison down to Fremont; and he has been known
as an earnest advocate of internal improvements, the
canal enlargement, and in favor of a national protective
policy. He is a member of the Committees on Banks,
and Local General Orders. Not claiming to be an orator,
he, nevertheless, is ready to discuss his own points, in a
plain, but business-like manner. He is exemplary in his
habits and conduct, on all occasions.
ELLIS H. ROBERTS
Ellis H. Roberts was born at Utica, in 1827. His
father died when he was very young. His mother is
still blessing with her presence, her children and her
grand-children. Mr. Roberts is a self-made man, but,
unlike most men of his class, he has not been content
with simply building himself up by business enterprise ;
but, at an early age, labored to get as good an education
as the country and the times afforded. Those who know
him personally and well, or who are the readers of the
Utica Morning Herald, can determine the measure of his
success. He has been self-dependent from the age of nine
years. He learned his trade in the printing office of his
brother, R. W. Roberts, one of the best schools in the
State. By industry, thrift, and self-denial, he acquired a
first class academic and collegiate education. Every
Yale man will understand the rank of Mr. Roberts, at
New Haven, when told that he was member of the
" Skull and Bone " fraternity, that he obtained the Bristed
scholarship, and carried off the second honor in the large
class of 1850.
Soon after his graduation, Mr. Roberts became the
chief writing editor of the Utica Morning Herald, a
position he retained until the fall of 1854. In 1851, he
married the eldest daughter of David E. Morris, of
Utica. The brother of Mrs. Roberts, Edward Morris,
D. D., of Columbus, Ohio, is quite renowned, at the
West, as preacher and professor, and her father, was
one of the very best men whom the writer of this brief
notice ever knew; a gentleman in the highest sense, a
Christian, known as such of all men.
ELLIS H. EGBERTS. 34,^
Mr. Roberts retired from the management of the
Utica Morning Herald, during the fall of 1854, in con-
sequence of divisions in the party of which it was the
organ, but, soon after, he became its editor and proprietor.
From that time, down to this hour, the advance of the
Herald has been constant and rapid. It is now the organ,
not only of the city of Utica, and the county of Oneida,
but of many counties. Xo pains or money have been
spared to enhance its usefulness and power. He was not
content with making the Herald a sound and strong politi-
cal organ, but he has won for it an excellent literary repute,
and on agricultural matters it is an acknowledged autho-
rity. It has a correspondent in New York; during the
sessions of Congress and Legislature it has correspondents
at Washington and Albany; at different times, and for
years, some one of its editors has contributed to its
columns instructive and brilliant letters from the old
world.
Mr. Roberts has always been surrounded by able
assistants who have seconded his earnest efforts to make
the Herald a first class newspaper. His energy has reaped
its just rewards; the Herald has, at least, 10,000 daily sub-
scribers, and is, of course, a power. In politics, he was a
Whig; then a Republican. He writes and speaks with
almost dangerous facility ; but, in all that he says, there
is to be seen his liberal culture, and his natural force. His
party, in Oneida county, owe very much to his pen and
tongue. And the party and the country, likewise, owe
him much for this, that, during the war, and especially
during its darkest periods, when men's hearts were failing
them for fear, and men's tongues were loose with censure,
he stood by the government with unflinching courage. In
a large and populous district, where the Herald had no peer
for influence, he kept up the heart of the despondent by his
cheering words, taught a generous confidence in our over-
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burdened rulers, and nerved the people to the sacrifices
necessary to the war's success and the salvation of the
country.
As a business man, Mr. Roberts is thorough and strict.
He is just in his dealings, liberal in his charities, and on
his integrity there is no stain. His opinions are firmly
held, and boldly maintained. He does not turn his back
on a cause because it is not popular, nor on a race, because
it is lowly. In 1862, his friends nominated him for the
Mayoralty of Utica. Utica is a Democratic town, and
Mr. Roberts ran in the dark days of '62, when England
was threatening, and the rebellion was assuming its grand-
est proportions. He allowed no consideration to lessen
his aggressive zeal for the government. In its behalf,
he took no counsel of personal expediency, and he was
beaten. He was a delegate to the National Union Con-
vention of 1864. He was elected last fall to the present
Assembly, from the Second District of Oneida county.
His ability and his purity as a legislator will justify
the estimate we have above set down.
ALEXANDER ROBERTSON
In- personal appearance Mr. Robertson^ may be classed
among the substantial men. He is muscular, though not
corpulent, and has the air of a man who " takes life easy,"
come weal or woe. Judging from his features, we would
conclude that he is generous to his friends, and honorable
.but unshrinking to his foes; that when he once settles
into a project he is not to be turned from the accomplish-
ment of it, while there remains a shadow of hope for it,
and that when he has wrought out his purposes, he
experiences no small amount of satisfaction.
Mr. Robertson' is forty-one years of age. He was
born in Warrensburgh, Warren county. New York. He
subsequently removed to Moreau, Saratoga county, and
afterward to Fort Edward. At the age of seventeen, he
left school and assisted his father on the farm. In 1848,
he went to Whitehall, and engaged in the transportation
business, and in 1855, removed to Albany, and still con-
tinued in enterprises of the same nature, transporting
merchandise to and from Northern New York and Canada,
and also conducting an extensive commission business.
Through these channels of trade, Mr. Robertson has
accumulated an amount of property sufficient to place him
in a position of comparative independence. He bears a
good reputation as a gentleman of honor, and enjoys
a large degree of popularity, in the circles in which he is
known.
During the past eight or ten years, Mr. Robertson has
participated in political agitations, and wielded a potent
arm, in his party. In the Fall of 1864, he was elected to
the Assembly on the Democratic ticket. During that
session, he served on the Committee on Cities, was among
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346 LIFE SKETCHES.
the originators of the " Capitol Bill," and was one of the
leading spirits who aided in carrying it through, on
the last day of the session, in spite of the most vigorous
opposition ; and, during this session, he has given notice of
a bill to provide an appropriation for a New Capitol.
Among other measures which he successfully advocated,
was the Hudson River Improvement Bill, appropriating
$150,000 for the purpose of improving the navigation of
the Hudson. Judging Mr. Robertson's' future by what
he has hitherto accomplished, as a legislator, we do not
hesitate to affirm that he will impartially guard the local
interests of Albany.
In politics he is a straightforward, outspoken Democrat ;
and making our inferences from a knowledge of his Scotch
decision, we think he will be a Democrat during the
remainder of his life.
HENRY ROGERS.
This gentleman was born in the city of New York, on the
16th day of July, 1832. His parents were of Irish extrac-
tion. His grandfather, on his maternal side, participated
as an officer in the Irish rebellion of '98. Mr. Rogers had
only the advantages of a common school education, gained
by his own industry and perseverance. He has always been
a Democrat, taking a prominent part in New York poli-
tics. In 1863, he was appointed Inspector of Streets, and
held that position, until 1864. He was elected to the
Assembly, in 1863, from the Ninth Assembly District of
New York city, serving on the Committee of Expendi-
tures of the Executive Department; was reelected as
Member of Assembly in 1864, and served on the Commit-
PATRICK RUSSELL. 347
tee of Engrossed Bills, In 1866, he was again returned,
by the Tammany Democracy, to the Assembly, by a
plurality of 579, running against a Mozart candidate and
the Republican nominee. He is now serving on the
Military and Defense Committee. In 1861, Mr. Rogers
enlisted as a private in Colonel Duryea's (5th) Regiment
of New York Volunteers, and proceeded to the front.
He participated in the battle of Big Bethel, where he was
seriously wounded in the side ; being thus incapacitated
for duty, he was honorably discharged. Mr. Rogers is a
mason and builder by occupation, carrying on the business
extensively, in the Metropolis. He is a gentleman of
energy and of fine social qualities, is popular in his Dis-
trict, and is remarkable for his fidelity to his personal
friends.
PATRICK RUSSELL.
The ancestors of Mr. Russell emigrated from Ireland
to this country in 1813. His birth transpired at Patter-
son, New Jersey, June 6th, 1830. When five years of
age, he removed to Newark, and remained there until
1848, in which year he went to the city of New York,
and learned the trade of carriage making.
He mingled but little in political contests, until 1860,
when he was a candidate for Common Councilman of New
York city, and was defeated. He was, however, elected
to that office, in 1863, '64 and '65. Mr. Russell was
nominated for the Assembly, by the Tammany wing of
the Democracy, and elected by a majority of four hundred
and sixty-two. He is on the Committtees on Aliens and
Engrossed Bills. /
348 LIFE SKETCHES.
During the rebellion, he voted for Horatio Seymour,
and claimed to be a War Democrat, at the same time con-
tributing liberally from his means for the prosecution of
the war.
GEORGE H. SANFORD.
Mr. Sanford is a native of the town of Queensbury,
Warren county, New York, where he was born December
14th, 1836. He is of English extraction. His maternal
grandfather removed from Lebanon, Connecticut, to
Washington county, New York, about the year 1785,
and married a daughter of William Robards, who was
an officer in the French war, and was taken prisoner to
Canada by the Indians, but afterward escaped by running
the gauntlet. His paternal grandfather, David Sanford,
at about the same time, emigrated from New Milford,
Connecticut, to Queensbury, New York, where the father
of the present George H. Sanford, was born, and who
represented Warren county in the Legislature of 1841.
Mr. Sanford lived with his parents at Glens Falls, and,
at the age of twelve, entered the store of a merchant as
clerk, serving in that capacity, during the summer season,
for a couple of years, and attending school during the
winter time. In this way, he was able to make a prac-
tical application of what he learned. When he was
fourteen, his parents changed their residence to Ballston,
New York. Lad, though he was, he resolved to earn his
own means of support, in the future, and, with the con-
sent of his father and mother, went to Albany and found
employment as receiving and shipping clerk in the whole-
sale lumber trade. His father was a manufacturer of and
GEOEGE H. SANFOED. 349
dealer in lumber, and the experience which young San-
FOED had previously gained was considerable. He con-
tinued in the employ of the same firm for six years, during
the season of navigation, excepting one year while attend-
ing the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, at Troy, New
York. During two winters of this time, he attended other
schools, and the remaining three winters, he was engaged
in lumbering, in a moderate way, on his own account, in
Genesee county, New York, and Potter county, Penn-
sylvania. When twenty years old, Mr. Sanfoed left
Albany, and gave his whole attention to his own business
plans. Having made Syracuse, New York, his residence,
he there entered into the lumber and salt trade, combin-
ing also the manufacture of lumber at Saginaw, Michigan,
and locating pine lands in that State. He was one of the
Pioneer Company organized, in 1858, to bore for salt
water, in the Saginaw Valley. In the spring of 1862,
being uncertain in reference to the effect which the war
might have upon commercial interests, Mr. Sanfoed
retired from business, invested his means in real estate,
and, at the age of twenty-five, removed from Syracuse to
Oneida, New York, his present place of residence. He is
now first Vice-President of the Oneida Savings Bank, and
is a Director in the Oneida Valley National Bank; in
business circles, he is esteemed for his sagacity and
foresight.
Political questions have always interested him, and the
result of his early reasoning, was his espousal of Demo-
cratic tenets, when he attained his majority. Mr. Sanfoed
was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention,
held at Chicago, in 1864, which nominated General
McClellan for the Presidency. We believe that he was
the youngest member of that body. A unanimous nomi-
nation was given him for the office of Supervisor, in the
spring of 1865, by the Democracy of the town of Verona.
350 LIFE SKETCHES.
Such was his personal popularity, he was, after a lively
canvass, elected by one hundred and fifty-nine majority,
though the town was strongly Republican. Last year,
he was reelected to the same office, by a majority of three
hundred and eighty-nine. In the Democratic Convention
of the Third Assembly District of Oneida county, held in
the fall of 1866, he was nominated for Member of Assem-
bly. His Republican predecessor, Hon. B. IST. HuNTiNGTOisr,
who, though running in an acknowledged Democratic Dis-
trict, had been elected, the previous year, by nearly eight
hundred majority, was again placed in nomination by the
Republicans, but he declining to run, Pliny Phelps, of
Camden, was chosen as candidate, in his stead. In this
issue, Mr. Sanfokd had a plurality of four hundred and
ninety votes.
HIRAM SCHUTT
Mr. Schutt was a participant in the country's struggle
to maintain its existence against the onslaughts of the
rebellion. He was commissioned Captain of Company K.,
148th Regiment New York Volunteers, August 14th,
1862. He served with his regiment, during the autumn of
that year, in the campaign against Suifolk, Virginia, and
he was stationed at Fort Norfolk, during the following
winter. In the summer of 1863, a general Court-martial
was held in the city of Norfolk, of which Captain
Schutt was a member. He rejoined his regiment at
Yorktown, the succeeding fall. In the raid on Rich-
mond by General Wistar — which w^as probably the
severest ever made on that city — in the month of Feb-
ruary, 1864, he was engaged with the forces employed on
HIRAM SCHUTT. 351
that occasion. Leaving Yorktown with his regiment, in
the spring of 1864, he ascended the James river, with
the troops under the command of Major-General Butlee,
and was in the different ensjaojements on the south side of
Richmond, in the month of May following. At the battle
of Drury's Bluff, he was wounded, but he recovered
sufficiently to participate in the operations before Peters-
burgh, during the months of June, July and August,
1864. But ill health compelled him to offer his resigna-
tion, in September, 1864. It was accepted, and he was
honorably discharged from the service, on account of
physical disability. Thus terminated his military career
which had been characterized by his ready performance of
whatever was presented to him by the necessities of the
moment. Ther'e were times when he would have been
justifiable in asking for an extension of his furlough ; and
yet, regardless of failing health, he manfully and heroic-
ally buckled on his weapons, and faced the foe again.
Mr. ScHUTT was born in the town of Manchester,
Ontario county, New York. His father was a native of
Massachusetts and was of French descent. He moved to
western New York, early in the present century, and
located in Ontario county. He was a soldier in the war
of 1812, and took part in the engagement at Queenstown
Heights. After the war, he followed the occupation of a
farmer, and during eighteen or twenty years, held the
office of Justice of the Peace.
Mr. ScHUTT obtained his education in the common
schools of the country, and made no little proficiency in
scholarly attainments. He was a farmer until the year,
1853, at which time he entered into mercantile business,
and has continued therein, until the present time. He was
elected Justice of the Peace in 1860, and Justice of Ses-
sions in 1861. Formerly a Whig, he very naturally
became an adherent of Republicanism. In 1865, he was
852 LIFE SKETCHES.
chosen to represent the First District of Ontario county,
in the Assembly, and was reelected in 1866. He is one
of the Committee on Militia and Public Defense, and
Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Bridges.
Captain Schutt has a tall, muscular form, proud, erect
bearing, and squarely cut features, which give him a
decided air inilitaire ; and his every movement gives
proof of his abilities to command and to defend.
JOHN H. SELKREG
Mr. Selkreg has been a practical printer, and, con-
sequently, has had all the varieties of experience and
change appertaining to that occupation. He is editor
and proprietor of the Ithaca Journal, a paper which has
aided in many a hard fought battle, and which still sur-
vives, as Mr. Selkreg, by his firm Scotch tenacity, has
fully proven.
His parents died when he was a mere boy (the youngest
of a femily of five children), and left him to the care of
the older members of the family. He never attended
school after he was eleven years old, and what little
education he had gained up to that time, had been
acquired in the district school at Staatsburgh, New York,
his native place. His disposition, at the age of thirteen,
rather inclined to printing, as an occupation; therefore,
having left his brother-in-law, with whom he had been
living, he began an apprenticeship in the printing office
of the Poughkeepsie Telegraph, then published by Messrs.
KiLLEY & Low, and which was, at that time, as it now is,
the Democratic organ of Dutchess county. He continued
there, until the year 1838. Having arrived at that point
JOHN H. SELKEEG. 353
where he thought himself sufficiently proficient to com-
mence life on his own responsibility, he became a resident
of Brooklyn, and, for a few months, entered into a partner-
ship with the firm of Messrs. Arnold, Van Anden & Co.,
publishers of the Brooklyn Eagle. Not being entirely
satisfied with his business relations, he returned to Pough-
keepsie in 1839, and published the Poughkeepsie Casket, a
literary paper. Two years subsequently, he purchased an
interest in the Ithaca Journal, and, in connection with Hon.
A. Wells, continued its publication for several years. He
afterward became sole proprietor of the establishment.
The Ithaca Journal was once the Democratic organ of
Tompkins county. In 1848, Mr. Selkreg refused to sup-
port Mr. Cass, and ran up Mr. Van Buren's name. The
Hunkers established the Flag of the Union, to break down
the Journal ; but they not succeeding in the attempt, the
"Flag " was lowered, and the Journal still continued to be
the exponent of the Democracy. From the year 1850 to
1856, Mr. Selkreg saw that a great change was being
wrought in the Democratic party. The repeal of the Mis-
souri Compromise seemed to him an outrage upon political
honor. Such was the drift of affairs, he refused to support
Buchanan, and advocated the claims of Fremont, thus
undoubtedly carrying over the county to the " Path-
Finder," inasmuch as the Republican vote ran up in a
single year, from 1,460 to 4,030.
From 1857 to 1861, he discharged the duties of Com-
missioner of Loans. President Lincoln made him Post-
master of Ithaca, in 1861. He was reappointed, in 1865,
by Andrew Johnson, who, in the most nonchalant man-
ner, subjected him to the guillotine, on the 25th of August,
1866, for refusing to adopt Mr. Johnson's 2^eculia7' views.
Mr. Selkreg survived the shock; and, under the warm
pressure of his friends, accepted the nomination for Member
of Assembly, being elected by a majority of 1,472.
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354 LIFE SKETCHES.
He has held several offices of business interests. At one
time he was President of the Ithaca and Binghamton
Telegraph Company, and he is now President of the Ithaca
Calendar Clock Company.
Mr. Selkeeg, during the present session, is a member
of the Committees of Ways and Means, and of Banks,
two of the most important Committees of the House.
He possesses a good deal of dry humor, and is keen as
steel. His vigilance is unremitting; and his style of
debate, though declamatory, is not at all unpleasant.
ALBERT D. SHAW.
Mr. Shaw was born in the town of Lyme, Jefferson
county, New York, 21st December, 1841. In June, 1861,
he entered the service pf his country, by enlisting in the
35th Regiment, New York Volunteers, in which he served
with honor to himself and credit to his family, until
the expiration of the term of service of his regiment,
which was mustered out, at Elmira, in June, 1863. He
participated in the following memorable engagements:
Rappahannock Station, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, South
Mountain, Antietam and •Fredericksburgh. After his dis-
charge from the army, he received the appointment of
special agent, under Captain Frederick Emerson at
Watertown, which position he filled to the satisfaction of
all, until discharged by order of the Government, at the
close of the war of the great rebellion.
He is a young man — one of the youngest ever sent from
Jefferson county — but his strict integrity, perseverance and
attention to the duties of a legislator, have won for him
many warm friends. Few of the young members stand
higher, or have a better record than he, in the Legislature.
THOMAS SHI LAND
Cambridge, New York, is one of the delightful villages
which adorn the county of Washington. It is situated in
a very picturesque section ; and the pleasing landscapes
which surround it, stretch far away into charming per-
spective. The inhabitants, in the main, are comparatively
wealthy, and generously hospitable. Our lot, once or
twice, has been, for a short time, cast in that neat village ;
and we can cheerfully recommend any one to the " tender
mercies " of its people.
Mr. Shiland is one of the residents of that place. He
is the owner and occupant of the old homestead purchased
by his father, Avhen the country was a wilderness. He is
of Scotch descent, and cherishes a commendable ancestral
pride; and the associations of youth and riper years,
which naturally cluster around his home, create within his
heart, more than an ordinary reverence for it. He is fifty-
two years old. Mr. Shiland entered the junior class of
Union College ; but on account of sickness, he could not
remain to graduate. When he left college, he preferred
the wholesome pursuits of agriculture, to the more exciting
and harassing cares of a professional life ; therefore, he
became a farmer, and, by his intelligence and industry, his
labors have been crowned with marked success.
Mr. Shiland was first elected to the ofiice of Justice of
the Peace, in the year 1840, an ofiice which he has held,
without interruption, mitil the present time. He also
served as Justice of Sessions, four years.
He was a prominent advocate, in the county, of Whig
principles, until the formation of the Republican organiza-
tion; since that, he has been an influential leader of
Republicanism. He was elected to the office which he
356 LIFE SKETCHES.
now holds, from the First Assembly District, in Washing-
ton county by the pleasing little majority of eighteen
hundred and sixty. He is on the Committees on State
Prisons, and Agriculture.
Mr. Shiland, very deservedly, enjoys the confidence of
the community in which he lives. He is prominently
identified with the educational, social, political * and
religious interests of his county, always interesting him-
self, with commendable zeal, in every enterprise, having,
for its object, the elevation of the moral and intellectual
status of the masses ; and his personal aid in securing men
and means to aid the government, in the midst of our
cruel civil war, was unflagging, and proved him to be a
man of the strictest loyalty. His son, in the volunteer
service, was wounded at Chancellorsville.
JOHN SIGERSON
Me. Sigerson represents the Sixth District of New
York city. He was elected, as the workingmen's candi-
date, over Hon. Jacob Seebacher, the regular Democratic
candidate, who represented that district in the .Assembly,
during the years 1865 and 1866. In the last election,
it was a generally conceded opinion that it would be
impossible to defeat the Democratic nominee; but such
was the feeling against the New York "ring," and
such was the careful organization of the workingmen's
forces, Mr. Sigerson was elected by the triumphant
majority of twelve hundred and forty-eight.
In general politics, Mr. Sigerson is a Democrat ; but, in
local affairs, he is opposed to that faction of the Democracy,
in his city, which, by systematic fraud, has made itself
JOHN SIGERSON. 357
notorious from one end of the State to the other. When
the Speaker made up his committees, "Mr. Sigerson was
appointed on the committees on Two-thirds and Three-
fifths Bills, and Charitable and Religious Societies.
He is of wealthy parentage, and is a native of the city
of New York. In consequence of certain technical irregu-
larities in a will made by his uncle, he lost considerable
property, some years ago. Being ambitious to work his
own way in the world, and inclined to active pursuits, he
commenced business as a carman, when only fourteen
years old, and followed that calling until 1860, when he
accepted a clerkship in the department of the Croton
Aqueduct, and remained there until January 1st, 1867,
when he resigned, to assume his legislative duties.
Although this is his first experience in any elective office,
yet his sound sense amply qualifies him for supporting
the interests of his constituents.
FRANCIS SKILLMAN
This gentleman is a descendant, on the paternal side,
of Thomas Skillman, and, on the maternal side, of
Adrian Onderdonk, both of whom were Committee-
Men, dui-ing the Revolutionary war, and were confined
in the notorious "Jersey" prison-ship, at New York.
During their imprisonment, they contracted a disease
from which they never recovered. Mr. Skillman is thus
a relative of the Bishops Onderdonk, of New York and
Pennsylvania. He was born in Brooklyn, New York,
but was reared by his grandfather, in the town of North
Hempstead, Long Island, where he has ever since resided,
following the avocation of farming. His landed estate is
both extensive and valuable, and he is one of the best
agriculturists in his town. He has served his full time in
the militia of this State as Cornet, Lieutenant, and Captain
in the Horse Artillery. But, in the midst of his labors,
Mr. Skillmais" found time to devote to the reading of
law, to which his attention was turned by his election
as Justice of the Peace, nearly twenty years ago, which
office he has continuously held to the present time. He
discharged the duties of Justice of Sessions for three
years ; and, ever since he was twenty-one, he has repeat-
edly held town office of some kind. Mr. Skillman never
solicited either a nomination or a vote, and, therefore,
when the Democratic party nominated him for the Assem-
bly, he was taken somewhat by surprise. He was elected
by a majority of four hundred and forty-seven. He is a
member of the Committee on Trade and Manufactures.
In his manners, he is a pleasant, unassuming gentleman ;
and as a legislator, is watchful and industrious.
HENRY SMITH
Me. Smith, who represents the Second District of
Albany county, is a lawyer of recognized ability and wide
reputation. Although he has been but little in official
position, he has gained honorable distinction in his profes-
sion, and holds a place in the front rank at the Bar of the
Capital. His conspicuous connection with several legal
cases of extended interest, has made him known throughout
the State, and though new to legislative halls, he is not a
stranger to those who meet him there. A thick-set man, of
medium height, with large head, clear blue eyes, lips and
chin significant of firmness and power, features round
and genial, but capable of an austere expression before the
witness-box, and hair well tinged with gray, though he is
yet in the prime of life ; such is the man whom the Capital
sends as one of her representatives.
Mr. Smith's father, Thomas Smith, Esq., was, like him-
self, a prominent lawyer, of Schoharie county, and subse-
quently of Albany. The son was born at Cobleskill, in
the former county, March 14th, 1829. While a lad, he
attended the common school, and received the meager
rudimentary instruction imparted, in those days, in schools
poorly organized and irregularly maintained. But in the
Academy at Esperance, which he entered, August 1st,
1842, he enjoyed better advantages. His teacher was a
Scotchman, named William McLaren, who had all the
conscientiousness and thoroughness of his people, together
with all their sternness and severity. Vehement, impetu-
ous and ugly, his austere discipline was not unfrequently
illustrated by the swift and passionate propulsion of a
well-worn text-book at the head of an ofiending pupil.
His discipline in study was no less rigorous, but better
360 LIFE SKETCHES.
tempered, and the careful and thorough habits of reading
and study which he acquired under this hard master, Mr.
Smith has always retained, and to them he attributes much
of his success.
On the 10th of September, 1844, Mr. Smith left Cobles-
kill, and became clerk in a hardware store, at Detroit,
Michigan. But he remained there only a year, and return-
ing to his former home, began reading law with his father,
in January, 1846. Eighteen months of the diligent and
searching study which had been learned under the stern
old Scotch master, enabled the young student to pass a
critical examination, and on the 10th of June, 1847, at the
unusually early age of eighteen years, he was admitted to
practice, in the old Court of Common Pleas, for the county
of Schoharie. In 1850, upon attaining age, he was admit-
ted to practice in all the Courts of the State, and has ever
since sedulously devoted himself to his profession. His
qualifications and business soon called upon him to act on
a wider stage, and in February, 1857, he removed to
Albany, where he has since resided. His rise in the pro-
fession was rapid and substantial, from the very beginning.
In 1854, his legal acquirements were so well recognized,
that he received the nomination for County Judge ; but,
being on the Whig ticket, with which party he had always
been identified, was, of course, defeated. Upon the for-
mation of the Republican party, he joined it, and, in 1862,
received its nomination for Congress, in the Fourteenth
District. Both counties composing the district, Albany
and Schoharie, were hopelessly adverse, and he was
defeated. In 1865, he was nominated by acclamation as
the Republican candidate for District Attorney, and, after
a severe contest, was elected by a small majority, it being
the first time a Republican had carried the county, in
several years. This office he still holds, and under the
influence of his commanding talents, shrewd judgment,
HENRY SMITH. 361
and indefatigable industry, the number of convictions has
largely increased, and the vicious classes have received
such a check as they have not known for a long time
before. As an evidence of Mr. Smith's popularity, it may
also be stated that he was elected to the Assembly by a
majority of five hundred and sixty-four, from a district
which usually gives several hundred majority on the other
side.
As a lawyer, Mr. Smith's career has been varied and
brilliant. His practice extends over a wide circuit of ter-
ritory, and he has tried and argued many cases for the
State, on behalf of the Attorney-General. Both in crimi-
nal and civil causes he has won a merited distinction. In
the trial of George W. Smith, County Judge of Oneida,
before the Senate, which formed one of the most interest-
ing of the few State trials in our history, he was
associated Avith ex-Senator Shafer, for the defense. He
is also one of the counsel for the contestants in the cele-
brated Dudley will case, which is still before the courts ;
and the fame of the Gordon trial, in which he acted as
prosecuting attorney, is coextensive -with the bounds of
the State. This last trial, indeed, afforded so fair an exhi-
bition of Mr. Smith's powers, that it may well be dwelt
upon for a moment, as better illustrating them than any
general analj^sis. The peculiar circumstances of the mur-
der, the eminence of the counsel for the defense, the fact
that they had already succeeded in gaining a new trial,
the singular net-work of circumstantial evidence, all com-
bined to invest the case with unusual interest. Mr. Smith
conducted it with signal ability. The shrewdness with
which he elicited all the facts, the keenness with which he
made apparently insignificant circumstances assume a
startling importance, the skill with which he wove the
web of proof around the culprit, so closely as to leave no
avenue of escape, were rare evidences of legal acumen.
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362 LIFE SKETCHES.
His closing address is generally considered a master-piece
of forensic argument. In graphic force of portraiture,
ingenious arrangement, and convincing weight of logic, it
is seldom surpassed. As a speaker, Mr. Smith is direct,
earnest, and impressive. He always prepares his cases
with great care, but for the language of Tiis speeches he
trusts to the moment. Disdaining all tawdry ornament,
he seeks not to please, but to persuade ; not to charm, but
to convince. He never sacrifices force of statement, or
vigor of argument to beauty of expression. He aims not
so much at the grace of rhetoric, as at the overwhelming
power of logic. His words are simple and unpretentious,
his style clear, nervous, and full of energy. Perspicuous
in statement, luminous in its reasoning, his speech is not
unfrequently enlivened with an incisive sarcasm, which
cuts through the specious veil of sophistry like a Damascus
blade ; and it sometimes rises into a vehement torrent of
fiery invective against those who have outraged right and
justice. Mr. Smith's intellect is of that order which
penetrates to the core of a subject, and, seizing the pivotal
idea with unrelenting grasp, never lets it go. Issues, or
phases, plausible, it may be, but only inferior, have no
power to turn him aside. Endowed with a sagacious
sense, gifted with a rare tact, his mind stored with the
treasures of general knowledge, as well as of legal learn-
ing, shrewd, practical, discerning, genial in temperament,
warm in friendship, it may be said in a word, that the
representative of the Second District of Albany, will
always attract attention in a deliberative body.
JOSHUA SMITH
There are men who, though quiet and unobtrusive in
their habits, are, nevertheless, calm, reflective and saga-
cious. Perhaps their voices may not often be heard in the
forum ; they may not enter the inner circles of the i^litical
arena; they may not speak in flowing periods through
the press ; but they read, and think, and form opinions
to which they give force at the ballot box — opinions from
which they are not easily moved, because they have
passed them through the mint of their own minds, and
stamped them with the signet of their own individuality.
Such men are our farmers, in the main, who represent the
agricultural interests of our State ; of their number is Mr.
Smith, who represents the First District of Delaware
county. His life has been an uneventful one, so far as
extraordinary occurrences are concerned. Never seeking
to mingle with the great mass of people who are eager
for gain and eminence, he has chosen a course which has
undoubtedly brought full as much happiness and satisfac-
tion, as he would have experienced, had he chosen more
public pursuits.
Mr. Smith's father, who came from Rhode Island, in
1798, to Tompkins, was a miller by occupation. He gave
his son the usual opportunities of the district school, at the
same time educating him in the processes of labor. After
Joshua had arrived at a proper age, he began teaching,
and, in that manner, increased his pecuniary resources suffi-
ciently to be able to continue his studies during the summer
seasons. In 1846, when he was twenty-five years old, he
purchased the mill property belonging to his father, and
conducted the business until 1858, when he disposed of the
mill, and bought a small farm near by, on which he now
364 LIFE SKETCHES.
resides. In 1 862, the nomination for Member of Assembly,
on the Republican ticket, was offered him, but he declined
it, from a sense of duty. The next year he was appointed
Postmaster at Cannonsville. He held that position until
1866, when he was brought to the political block and
decapitated by President Johnson, for reasons which are
apparent to any one who was observant of the times when
that event occurred. In other words, Mr. Smith was not
merceiftiry enough to surrender his opinions to a policy
diametrically opposed to his ideas of right. The Repub-
licans of his district elected him, last fall, to his place in
the House by a majority of one thousand and twenty-five.
DANIEL G. STARR
Mk. Starr was elected to the Assembly to fill the
vacanpy occasioned by the death of Hon. A. J. Baldwin,
who was a member from Sullivan county, in 1866, and
was reelected for 1867, but died soon after his election.
Governor Fenton ordered a special election to transpire,
December 18th, 1866. The Democrats put Mr. Starr in
nomination and elected him. He is a native of Fallsburgh,
Sullivan county, New York, where he was born, on the
twenty-first of January, 1837. His youth was spent on
a farm, where, by vigorous toil, his physical powers were
developed in such a way as to enable him to bear the
tax which an after sedentary life would impose upon him.
The rudimental studies which formed the basis of his
education, were followed by higher academic branches,
which he pursued, for a year, at the Charlotteville Semi-
nary, Schoharie county, an institution which, at that time,
was at the height of prosperity. Before entering upon
DANIEL G. STARE. 365
his professional studies, Mr. Staer went to Hampton, a
small village in Madison county, Illinois, situated on the
Terre Haute, Alton and St. Louis Railroad, where he
taught the village school for some months. Whether or
not his object may have been to increase the amount of
his finances, it is certain that the practical application
of what he had learned, more fully prepared him for after
life. At the end of a year he returned home, and, during
the following year, entered into business speculations. In
November, 1857, he began the studj'- of law, in the office
of Hon. A. C. NiVEX, at Monticello, N"ew York. Sub-
sequently spending a term at the Albany Law School,
he was admitted to practice, in April, 1861, and there-
upon settled in Monticello, where he has a lucrative
business, and is looked upon as a lawyer of promise.
Being a comparatively young man, and unambitious for
public notice, his life has been unmarked by thrilling
episodes. He has been Clerk of the Board of Supervisors
of Sullivan county, four years; and, in 1866, was elected
Justice of the Peace. In the House, he is serving on the
Committee on Claims, and Sub-committee of the Whole.
Mr. Starr has always been a Democrat, and has
scrupulously indorsed the platforms and candidates of
his party.
ORSOK STILES
Mr. Stiles received a classical education, having grad-
uated frym Union College, in 1833. After the completion
of his collegiate course, he read law in the office of the
Hon. Deodatus Weight, at Amsterdam, Xew York, and
commenced practice, in 1837, at Irving, a village situated
in Chautauqua county on Cattaraugus Creek, near its
entrance into the lake, where he continued to reside until
the autumn of 1849. As an Attorney and Counselor, he
was, even at that period, recognized as a gentleman of fine
scholarly and legal attainments. He received the political
trust of County Clerk from the Whig party in 1850, and
thereupon removed to Mayville, the county seat, where he
remained until the close of his term. He then selected
Fredonia, as his place of residence, and has been a citizen
of that village ever since. Possessing, as he does, excel-
lent qualifications as a financier, he has been largely
interested in the banking business during the last ten
years; he is regarded as a sagacious, upright operator.
In local politics, Mr. Stiles is looked upon with great
confidence. In 1865, the Republicans of the Second Dis-
trict of Chautauqua county, elected him to the Assembly
by a majority of 1504. In 1866, they decided to make the
matter more emphatic by reelecting him by an increased
majority of 2,406.
Upon the great question of Reconstruction, he is in
complete sympathy with Congress, relative to its policy.
Believing that the National Legislature, after a careful
investigation of the social state of the South, has finally
provided a plan by which justice to the government can
be maintained, and magnanimity and mercy displayed
toward the conquered, he holds that it is the duty of
every citizen, both North and South, to sustain that plan.
ORSON STILES. 367
We quote the closing portion of a speech delivered by
him in the Assembly, January 10th, 1867 :
" The triith is, reconstruction has been made difi5cult by the
attempts to do it so carefully that no one should suffer, and no one
should be offended. The rebels themselves have been surprised at
the great care which has been taken to override the laws against
treason, and to reinstate them to places which they had forfeited
by all the rules of justice and all the precedents of the past. Did
Jefferson Davis suppose when he was overtaken in his attempts
to effect an ignominious escape, that there was anything in reserve
for him but an ignominious death? Did he suppose that an
administration, or a party, which had expended their best efforts
and their best blood to save the country, and to justify and vindi-
cate a republican form of government, would consent that these
great investments should be utterly wasted, and that no security
would be exacted for the future ? No, sir, he had no sueh expec-
tations. And as the war progressed, and one stronghold after
another gave way ; when Grant was reaching forward to grasp
the pillars of the temple, and it was being demonstrated that the
rebellion could not result in a successful revolution, he sought most
earnestly for the means of personal security, and inquired anxiously
for the rocks and the mountains. All those men who had furnished
the rebellion with brains, and given it life and character, expected
nothing less than the visitation of retributive justice. They had
heard the thunders of the law issuing from the highest places, and
they had no reason to expect anything but the speedy coming of
the judgment. They remembered that the man who now occu-
pies the chair of the presidency had said, and repeatedly, during
the whole progress of the v^ar, 'that treason must be made odious,
that traitors must be punished and impoverished,' and they
knew that the loyal heart of the north responded to these senti-
ments. They expected nothing but the prompt administration of
justice and the strict enforcement of the laws.
" Sir, we are embarrassed to-day, because these men have been
disappointed. If they had not been, the question of reconstruc-
tion would have been long since settled and the country would
have been at peace. Had Mr. Johnson stood by Congress — had
he stood by himself — had he not become intoxicated by his acci-
368 LIFE SKETCHES.
dental advancement, and sought to make as well as to execute the
law, we would not be asking ourselves whether the result of
the war should be a triumph or a defeat, but the assurance would
be sent forward to all the coming generations of this nation, that
while we had the means and the energy to secure a victory, we
also had the courage and the discretion to improve our advantages
to the future growth and safety of our country. And this is our
duty. The liereafter will not forgive us for doing less.
" Now, sir, I do not wish to be understood as counseling the
use of extreme measures. Let them all be tempered by mercy,
with enough of vigor and earnestness in them to secure the future
against the possible repetition of these terrible scenes. Congress
in its anxiety to effect just this end has submitted these amend-
ments to the Constitution, and the people at the recent elections
have indorsed them with an earnestness which we cannot misun-
derstand. Led by no man, they have thought and acted for
themselves. Congress cannot now recede. When it changes its
position, it will be an advance, and the people will follow in close
and solid column.
"The assent of the requisite number of States to these amend-
ments may not be secured. But I see in this delay or uncertainty
no reason why they should be abandoned. Would they prefer
territorial governments ? So be it. This alternative, if we will,
they cannot reject or resist. The north has the power to dictate
terms, and it is her duty to exercise it. All loyal men north and
south demand it. The real interest of the rebels themselves
demands it. The freedmen demand it. And whether the south
shall accept or reject, let us be found doing our whole duty, trust-
ing the issues to that kind Providence who has led us so carefully
through all the dark ways of the past."
Mr. Stiles was born at Amsterdam 'New York, in
January, 1813, where he spent most of his youth in pre-
paration for college.
His legal acumen, and his knowledge of finance, have
eminently fitted him for public trusts which have, on
numerous occasions, been reposed in him, and for his
duties as Chairman of the Committee on Banks.
JAMES SUFFERN
Mr. Suffers has always been a resident of the town
of Ramapo, Rockland county, New York. He is sixty-
two years of age, and, for more than forty years of that
time, he has been a zealous and efficient worker in the
Democratic party, adhering to it through all of its defeats
as well as its triumphs. He is an intelligent and highly
respected citizen, who has continuously manifested an
interest in the aiFairs of his town and county. The
citizens of Ramapo have elected him to the office of
Justice of the Peace so many times, as to entitle him to
a " life-membership." He held the appointment of Super-
intendent of the Poor, from* 1836 to 1848. He also
represents his town in the Board of Supervisors.
Mr. Suffers is a trustworthy farmer; though he has
been an industrious toiler, he has not neglected to inform
himself in relation to public affairs, and he holds to his
political principles rather from conviction than from mere
policy. His ancestry was mainly Democratic. His pater-
nal grandfather, Johx Suffern, who died in 1835, at the
age of ninety-five years, represented that portion of
Orange county which now comprises the county of Rock-
land, in the Fifth Session of the Assembly of New York,
held at Poughkeepsie in 1781, '82, and was a member of
the State Senate for five successive terms.
In former days, Mr. Suffern held rank in the State
Militia, from First Lieutenant to Lieutenant-Colonel. He
was a very good military disciplinarian ; and, when he was
Captain, he had command of a company which was the
most difficult to be managed, of any other in the regiment.
During the administration of Governor Wright, in 1845,
47
370 LIFE SKETCHES.
he resigned his Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and thus retired
from military life.
This is his first term in the Assembly; thus far, he
has exhibited great industry, and a disposition to execute
the trusts confided to him with the highest integrity of
purpose.
HENRY F. TARBOX
Henry Fisk Taebox has a soldier's record — a record
which places him on a nation's roll of honor ; and it is
with pleasure that we take this opportunity of alluding to
his participation in the grand work which, through blood,
and tears, and agonies, has come to a glorious consumma-
tion— the redemption of the Republic. The Spartan
mothers were accustomed to take their sons about to go
into battle, and, placing their shields in their hands, say :
" Either this, or upon this." And American mothers, and
wives, and sisters, for four awful years, responded "Amen !"
to the heroic sentiment. The people will remember, from
generation to generation, the military bravery of the
living and the dead. The latter have given their highest
treasures for the salvation of our institutions ; and, though
they may lie in graves far away from home, their deeds
of valor are undecaying monuments. We make this
reference because Mr. Tarbox's brother, a member of
the same regiment, was killed while leading his men in a
charge upon the enemy.
Mr. Taebox is the son of Henry and Julia Tarbox,
and is twenty-seven years of age. His father, a man of
intelligence, was a bitter opposer of slavery. His mother
was a descendant of David Brainard, and all her rela-
HENRY F. TARBOX. 37l
tives are radical Republicans. He spent two years at the
Genesee College, at Lima, New York, diligently pursuing
classical studies, and then commenced reading law. He
was admitted to practice, in November, 1864, since which
time he has followed his profession, at Batavia, New
York, Prior to his admission to the Bar, he assisted, in
1862, in raising and organizing the 108th Regiment, New
York Volunteers, personally enlisting over forty men for
that regiment. He received a commission as Second
Lieutenant of Company C ; and his brother, D. B. Tar-
box, was also commissioned to the same rank in Company
B. Each led his company in the battle of Antietam,
which transpired within less than a month after the regi-
ment was mustered into service. His brother fell in
that fight. Mr. Tarbox remained with his regiment until
he was so far disabled by disease, that he was discharged
by an order from the War Department. By virtue of a
good constitution, he afterward so far recovered from his
disability, as to be able to accept the position of Assistant
Paymaster. A year and a half subsequently, he resigned,
and, after completing his studies, entered upon his profes-
sion, as previously stated. After his nomination for
Member of Assembly, Mr. Tarbox took the stump, and
rendered essential service to his party in his county.
The Republicans gave him a majority of 1,400 over his
competitor, who was a Conservative Republican. He is
an active and influential Member of the House, and is a
member of the Committees on Internal Afiairs of Towns
and Counties, and Colleges, Academies and Common
Schools.
SAMUEL H. TOKEEY
Mr. Torrey's father was born in Connecticut, and
came to this State, when a boy; he received a good
academic education, and settled, in early life, in the town
of Italy, Yates county, New York, where he resided
several years amid the solitude of the forest, without
another white inhabitant in the township, and where Mr.
Torre Y was born, July 4, 1816.
Mr. ToRREY is a self-made man. He left home at the
age of fourteen to carve his own fortune. He acquired a
good classical education, and, in the year 1837, entered
the law office of Messrs. Wilson & Lester, in Canan-
daigua, where he pursued a course of legal studies, which
he completed in the office of John L. Talcott, Esq., of
Buffalo, and was admitted to the Bar at the Spring Term
of the Supreme Court, in the year 1841, and entered
immediately upon the practice of his profession at Rush-
ville, Yates county, and soon gained a successful and
lucrative practice, and ranked well in his profession as a
careful and judicious lawyer.
He is now, somewhat, extensively engaged in agricul-
tural pursuits, which are more congenial to his tastes than
the practice of his profession, and has, by his business
energy and skill, accumulated a large landed estate, to
the cultivation and improvement of which he now devotes
most of his time.
Mr. ToRREY has always taken a lively interest in the
political affairs of the country, and now exercises a
wide political influence in his locality. Casting his first
Presidential vote for Henry Clay, he remained an ardent
Whig, until the formation of the Republican party, with
which he has acted to the present time.
DAVID W. TRAVIS. 373
He has held town or county office almost continuously
for the last twenty years, and is now the supervisor of his
town. In 1847, he was the Whig candidate for Member
of Assembly in Yates county, and was a delegate to the
Baltimore Convention that renominated Mr. Lincoln to
the Presidency.
Mr. ToKREY was elected to the present Assembly from
the Second District of Ontario county, over Robert D.
Cook, Esq., democrat, by eleven hundred and ninety-one
majority. He is on the Committees on Claims, and Affairs
of Villages. Mr. Torrey is a straightforward, industri-
ous Member of the House.
DAVID W. TRAVIS
Mr. Travis was originally a "Whig. Though not very
ambitious for office, in 1853 he was nominated for the
office of Assemblyman, but, in consequence of the running
of a third candidate, his Democratic opponent was elected
by a small majority. During the session of the Legis-
lature of 1 854, an act was passed authorizing the election
of a Police Justice for the village of Peekskill. Mr.
Travis was nominated for that office by the Whigs, and
indorsed by the Americans, who had not, as yet, assumed
the shape of a distinct party. The result was his election
by a flattering majority. Sympathizing with the Ameri-
cans to a certain extent, he acted with them, until their
more mature operations as an independent organization.
He then gave them a parting " grip," and returned to the
Whigs.
In the year 1855, he was a delegate from his district
to the Whig Convention held at Syracuse, and was
374 LIFE SKETCHES.
present at the formation of the Republican party. He
acted with a majority of the Whigs in joining the
Republicans, and he has continued true to the organiza-
tion, in its successes and its defeats. Although the
nomination for office was, at various times, offered to
him, yet he declined to be a candidate, though his elec-
tion seemed certain, in case he should consent to run.
Last summer, Westchester county was re-districted, inas-
much as the census had shown some changes in its
population ; and, though it was thought that there would
be some political changes in consequence thereof, yet Mr.
TuAvis, who ran as candidate for Member of Assembly,
was elected by over six hundred majority. He is on the
Committee on Commerce and Navigation.
He is forty-two years old, and is a native of Cortlandt,
Westchester county, New York. His father was a farmer
by occupation, and was of English descent, and his mother
was of German ancestry. He was the youngest of a large
family. His youth was spent in working on a farm, and
attending the district school during the winter, until he
was sixteen years old. But a farmer's life had no very
attractive features for him, and, therefore, he very wisely
decided to abandon it. It requires a peculiar kind of
pluck to face the freezing sleet of early spring, the 110°
of July and August, and the nipping frosts of fall ; and if
one has ever so misty visions of a life more congenial, of
course, it is better to "fold the tent and quietly steal
away;" for the true key to success in any occupation, is
to have the heart in every effort attempted.
At the age of sixteen, Mr. Tkavis attended the Peeks-
kill Academy, and continued there as a student, for about
four years. He then had an inclination to attend the
Military Academy at West Point, but, owing to the objec-
tions urged by his parents, he abandoned the. idea, and
commenced the study of law in the office of William &
DAVID W. TEAVIS. 375
T. Nelson-, Esq'rs, able practitioners, at Peekskill. He
was admitted to practice as an attorney, in 1846, and as
Solicitor in Chancery, under the old Constitution, the
winter following. He commenced practice at Peekskill,
in April, 1847 ; and, by hard efforts among old established
lawyers, he has gathered to himself a fine business. What-
ever he has accomplished, he has wrought by unflinching
industry, conscious that toil will meet with due compensa-
tion.
Mr. Travis has always been a zealous worker in the
field of politics. He is almost invariably present at the con-
ventions of his party, and has a measure of influence in
them which is never disregarded by his fellow citizens.
In campaigns and at the polls, he determinedly works for
the success of the ticket, and in the Legislature he is
known as a keen-sighted member. Mr. Teavis is a man
of a great deal of nervous vitality, and throws all of his
powers into the accomplishment of a measure.
JOHN VANDENBERG
Me. Vandenbekg was born in the town of Coxsackie,
Greene county, New York, on the 31st day of July, 1828.
As his name indicates (which, Anglicised, means "from the
Hill"), he is of Dutch descent, and no doubt feels proud of
the fact that he belongs to a race whose history is so illus-
trative of devotion to civil and religious liberty, and whose
character exhibits traits which must ever command the
admiration of the world. He attended the " Coxsackie
Academy " during the most prosperous days of that insti-
tution, and, as a student, played his part with credit to
himself and to the school.
Early associations, which always have much to do with
the formation of character, and the shaping of after life,
had, in his case, a tendency to influence in the right direc-
tion. He chose the profession of the law, and prosecuted
its study, for the most part, in a law office in his native
town. After his admission to the Bar, he removed to Con-
stantia, Oswego county, where, after a brief residence, he
was elected, first. Town Superintendent of Schools, and
then Justice of the Peace, and where he gained a fair
share of reputation as a lawyer.
In 1855, he removed to Clyde, Wayne county, where,
by his industry, he has increased his legal reputation;
and by his urbanity, has gained to himself many warm,
personal friends. In 1865, he was elected Member of
Assembly, from the First Assembly District of that county,
by the Republican party, whose principles he holds, and,
on occasion, ably advocates, and to whose ascendency, in
that county, he has largely contributed. In a Legislature
embracing many eminent men, his ability was soon recog-
nized. He was not a frequent debater, but he spoke to
JOHN VANDENBERG. 377
the point and commanded attention. He was Chairman
of the Committee on the Internal Affairs of Towns and
Counties, and served also as a member of the Committee
on the Manufacture of Salt. Mr. Vandenberg was
elected to the present Legislature by an increased
majority, and has thus far maintained the reputation
which he acquired during his previous term.
His course, during the rebellion, was decided and con-
sistent. In behalf of treason, whose object was the per-
petuation of slavery, and the attainment and retention of
power through the destruction of our government, he had
no excuses nor sympathy to give. For the triumph of the
government, he contributed to the extent of his ability
and means. And now, that triumph having been attained,
he believes that " treason must be made odious, and
traitors must be punished."
In person, Mr. Vandenberg is about six feet high;
and it is not flattery to say that his general appearance is
decidedly prepossessing. No one is more easy of access
than he, and no one more averse to ostentation. His
attachment to old friends is strong ; and, by his affable,
genial manner, he is always gaining new ones. He does
not court, but rather shuns, notoriety; and the honors of
ofiice have come to him unsought.
48
JAMES VAN VALKENBURG.
The member from Broome county was born in Oneonta,
Otsego county, New York, in 1820. His grandfather was
one of the old residents of Albany, from which city his
father removed to Otsego when a young man, where he
followed the occupation of a farmer. Mr. Van Valken-
BUKG spent his early years on his father's farm, receiving
only a common school education. On arriving at man-
hood, he engaged in the woolen manufacturing business
at Oneonta, and afterward at Bainbridge, Chenango
county, following it until 1849, when he embarked in the
manufacture of grain-cleaning machinery, doing a large
and successful business, for several years. In 1852, he
removed to Binghamton, Broome county, which has since
been his place of residence. The year following, he
established the Binghamton Standard, a temperance and
political weekly newspaper, which he conducted with
ability and industry, for six years. At the time of start-
ing the Standard, all the county offices were in the hands
of Democrats; but, in a very few years, a change was
effected, in which the influence of the Standard was unmis-
takably felt. This paper was independent in politics, and
took strong grounds against the Kansas-Nebraska Bill;
advocated the nomination of Fkemont for President in
1856, and gave him a hearty support throughout that
campaign.
Mr. Van Valkenburg was thoroughly conversant with
national and State politics, and the influence of his paper,
in effecting numerous and important changes, was appar-
ent. He was educated in the Democratic school of
politics, but left it on account of the issues of the
WiLMOT Proviso. He was a supporter of Mr. Van Buren
in 1848, and Mr. Hale in 1852. He has always been a
JAMES VAK VALKENBUEG. 379
strict temperance man, and a zealous laborer m the cause.
From youth, he has been a working man in the party to
which he belonged, never asking for office of any kind ;
and his presence in the House is entirely due to the earnest
solicitations of his many and warm friends.
In 1859, the Standard office was disposed of by Mr.
Van Valkenbukg, his time being occupied in perfecting
and putting in operation a machine for dressing rice, of
which he was the inventor. The occurrence of the war
rendered this invention useless, no rice being brought into
market ; but his machine was a success, and it is believed
that it will yet come into general use, and prove to be an
important labor-saving implement.
Mr. Vais" Yalkenbukg received the appointment of
Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for Broome Co.,
in the Twenty-sixth District, in 1862, a position he ably
and creditably filled until the fall of 1866, discharging the
onerous duties of the office without fear or favor. He was
not a supporter of President Johis-son's reconstruction
policy; on the contrary, he was a staunch supporter of
Congress. Judge Wells, the District Assessor, had been
removed to give place to Mr. Freak, a virulent opposer
of Mr. LiisrcoLN's administration, and Mr. Van Valken-
BURG, understanding that he could not retain his office
and principles too, tendered his resignation, determined
to take the stump for the Union cause and ticket, which
he did with good effect.
At the next County Convention of the Union party in
Broome county, Mr. Van Valkenburg was selected as the
most suitable candidate to represent the county in the Leg-
islature, being elected by over eighteen hundred majority.
He is a member of the Committee on Ways and Means.
At the present time, Mr. Van Valkenburg resides on
his farm, about a mile and a half from the village of
Binghamton, and is engaged in the insurance business.
ALFKED WAGSTAFF. Jb
Alfred Wagstafp, Jr., was born in tlie city of "New
York, March 21st, 1844; he now resides at West Islip,
Suffolk county, New York. He is of English and French
extraction. His maternal ancestors (the Du Boises) came
to this country from Holland (having fled hence from
France) at the period of the persecution of the Huguenots,
and settled on the banks of the Hudson river. Many of
them have held high positions of honor, and have been
noted for their ability, honesty and integrity.
Mr. Wagstaff received a classical education, and grad-
uated from the Columbia College Law School, May 18th,
1866, receiving the degree of LL. B. He was admitted,
in the Second Judicial District, as a member of the Bar
of the State of New York, and he is now practicing his
profession in New York city. He was commissioned
Colonel of the 16th Regiment, New York State National
Guard, on the 19th of June, 1863, serving with his regi-
ment in the Brooklyn Draft Riots. In the summer of
1864, he was with his regiment in the United States ser-
vice, and had command of the Staten Island forts. He
was commissioned First Lieutenant in the 91st Regiment
of New York Veteran Volunteers, November 12th, 1864,
and was detailed to the staff of General Morris, and
subsequently as Commissary of Prisoners, and left Fort
McHenry for Virginia. The following letter to the Gov-
ernor, recommending his promotion, is commendatoiy in
its terms :
To the Hon. R. E. Fenton, Governor of the State of New York :
Having understood that Lieutenant A. Wagstaff of the 91st
Veteran Volunteers, has been recommended by Colonel Tarbull
ALFRED WAGSTAFF, JR. 381
and Lieutenant-Colonel Donelson for promotion to a Majority in that
regiment, I take much pleasure in adding my recommendation of
him from personal knowledge of the position.
Lieutenant Wagstaff has served on my staff since he was com-
missioned in the regiment, in November last, and is remarkable for
his inteUigence, quickness, and a good conception of military duties ;
and whilst I shall regret his loss as a staff officer, I recommend him
to your Excellency's honorable consideration.
W. W. MORRIS,
Brevet Brigadier- General.
February, 15, 1865.
Having been promoted Major, in February, 1865 he was
Chief of Staff of General Crawford, and served in the
Army of the Potomac imtil the close of the war. He has
since received a Brevet Lieutenant-Colonelcy.
Mr. "Wagstaff was a Delegate from Suffolk county to,
and one of the Vice-Presidents of, the Syracuse Conven-
tion, in 1866, which was his first connection with any
political party. He was nominated for Member of Assem-
bly by the Republican Union party, and elected by four
hundred and eighty-six majority. He is Chairman of the
Committee of Militia and Public Defense, and a member
of the Committee on Joint Library.
He is of tall, commanding stature, and dignified pres-
ence, and possesses a vigorous, cultivated mind, and a
retentive memory ; he has a keen sense of the ludicrous,
and a bright wit, which, together with an unending store
of pleasant reminiscences, render him a most agreeable
and entertaining companion ; and is possessed of an
unwearying activity, intense energy and perseverance.,
Mr. Wagstaff is a ready debater, is quick at repartee,
caustic in sarcasm, and laconic in his arguments.
He has that frank, open-hearted generosity and noble
unselfishness which make him, at once, the popular com-
mander and beloved fellow-officer. He also possesses
sufficient self-confidence and practical experience, joined
382 LIFE SKETCHES.
with a quick perception and instantaneous decision, to rise
to a distinguished eminence, as a military commander.
Mr. Wagstaff ranks well in the Assembly, and is what is
termed a working member.
SMITH M. WEED
Mr. Weed is one of the young men of the Assembly,
and ranks, in ability and influence, among the first men in
the House. He was born in Bellmont, Franklin county,
New York, July 26th, 1833, and is, consequently, now in
his 34th year. His father was born in New Hampshire.
His mother was a descendant of a Revolutionary soldier,
and a Quakeress.
Mr. Weed was liberally educated, having graduated at
the Harvard College Law School, in 1857, and immediately
commenced the practice of law at Plattsburgh, Clinton
county, where he now resides. His first appearance in
public life was in the Assembly of 1865. Here his talents
were at once recognized, and he took a leading part in all
the measures of that session.
When the Amendment to the Constitution of the
United States abolishing slavery came up for ratification
in the Assembly, Mr. Weed took ground in its favor, and
made an able speech in advocacy of the measure. His
views at that time were somewhat in advailce of some of
his colleagues in that body, who severely criticised him
for his course. But he was vindicated by the action of
his party, at their State Convention, held the ensuing fall.
His usefulness as a legislator was so apparent, that a
general desire was expressed among his friends for his
return, and he was reelected in the fall of 1865. The
SMITH M. WEED. 383
prominence he had gained secured for him the Democratic
nomination for Speaker of the House, and he received the
full vote of his party for that position. During that
session he was a Member of the Committee on Railroads.
Although, in a minority, he succeeded by good manage-
ment in securing the passage of several important bills
affecting the northern section of the State.
In the fall of 1866, he was again a candidate for reelec-
tion, defeating his popular opponent by seventy majority,
in a district that gave the Republican ticket a majority of
one hundred and twenty-seven. He is now a Member
of the Committee on Railroads. He was also elected
President of the village of Plattsburgh, in 1865, and
unanimously reelected in 1866.
Mr. Weed may justly be ranked among the most
promising young men in the State. He is a good scholar,
a clear thinker, and a ready debater. Though struggling
in a minority, throughout his legislative career, he has
developed rare qualities for leadership. He has never
failed to secure and maintain the respect of his opponents,
and to win the admiration of his friends. And if his
past record may be taken as a criterion for the future,
he has but just commenced a useful and successful career.
SAMUEL E. WELLES
That branch of the Welles family from which the
member from Seneca descended, removed from Hebron,
Connecticut, to this State about the year 1800. His
father, the venerable Doctor Gardner Welles, located
in Seneca county in the year 1810, where he still resides,
in the active practice of his profession. He was a Surgeon
in one of the New York Volunteer Regiments, during the
war of 1812, and a member of the Legislature from Seneca
county, for the year 1839.
Mr. Welles was born in Junius (now Waterloo),
February 23d, 1825. He entered Geneva College, in 1841,
and graduated in 1845. Adopting the profession of
Medicine, he attended lectures at Geneva Medical College
and Buffalo Medical College, receiving the degree of M.
D., at the latter institution, in 1848. He also attended a
course of lectures in the Jefferson Medical College, at
Philadelphia, in the winter of 1849, '50. In the spring of
1850, Doctor Welles commenced the practice of his
profession in Waterloo, where he now resides. He has
always acted with the Democratic party, and has been
elected by them to the various offices of Town Superin-
tendent of Common Schools, Trustee of the Village,
Coroner, and Supervisor in '59 and '60. In January, 1862,
he entered the military service as acting Assistant Sur-
geon, in the 61st Regiment New York State Volunteers,
and upon the resignation of the Surgeon, on account of
continued ill health. Doctor Welles received the com-
mission for that position, early in March of that year. He
was with the regiment during its stay in Camp California ;
attended it on the reconnoissance to the Rappahannock
under General Howard ; participated in the siege of
SAMUEL R. WELLES. 385
Yorktown, followed the rebels in tbeir retreat from the
latter place, but too late to take part in the battle of
Williamsburgh. The regiment was actively engaged in
the battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines, and suffered
severely ; but it won for itself a noble reputation, under
the leadership of Colonel Francis C. Barlow, (afterwards
Major-General, and now Secretary of State.) During
and after this engagement, as well as in the actions at
Allen's Farm, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp and
Charles City Cross Roads, in all of which the regiment
participated and suffered numerous casualties, the entire
care of the wounded devolved upon Doctor Welles who
was the only Medical officer with the regiment. The
wounded of the 61st Regiment at the battle of Charles
City Cross Roads, which took place at dusk, June
30th, were conveyed to different temporary hospitals.
Doctor Welles having attended to the immediate wants
of those who were at the one established nearest the field,
repaired, about ten o'clock in the evening, to a hospital
about a mile distant, where he remained in the perform-
ance of his duties, until after midnight, when starting to
return, he was misdirected into a road which led him
directly within the rebel lines. He was suddenly con-
fronted by three of the picket guard, caused to dismount,
taken to General Longstreet's quarters, and, in the morn-
ing, sent with some sixty others to Richmond, and assigned
a place in the officers' quarters, in the famous Libby
prison. The second day after his arrival, he was, upon
his request, allowed to take charge of a ward of our sick
and wounded. In the discharge of that duty, as well as
the scanty convenience and limited allowance of medical
supplies would permit, he was occupied for three weeks,
at the expiration of which time he was permitted to leave
Richmond, in company with a detachment of wounded
men, destined for northern hospitals. After assisting in
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386 LIFE SKETCHES.
the embarkation of the wounded at City Point, he rejoinea
his regiment at Harrison's Landing. Of the acceptability
of the service rendered by our Surgeons to the wounded
and suffering of Richmond, there can be no doubt ; and
that Doctor Welles was no whit behind his professional
brethren, in his attention to those needing his care, we
have the testimony of the Rev. Dr. Marks who was a
Chaplain in the 63d Pennsylvania Regiment, and a prisoner
in Richmond. In his book entitled " The Peninsular
Campaign," after speaking of some kindness done to a
Pennsylvania soldier he says :
" I have not met Doctor Welles since those memorable days,
and know not where he now may be ; but I rejoice to say that he
is one of the most humane and self sacrificing of Surgeons."
Soon after his return to his regiment. Doctor Welles
tendered his resignation, on account of illness which pre-
vented his further continuance in the service, and received
an honorable discharge.
The uncertainty which prevailed during, and for a short
time after the " Seven days' fight," as to the condition of
the army, the positive absence of any reliable information,
and the conflicting rumors which agitated every com-
munity, made the reception of news which gave assurance
of the safety of the army, an occasion of general rejoic-
ing. The return of Doctor Welles to his home, who had
been reported dead, was made the occasion of many pleas-
ing manifestations of respect and esteem from his fellow
citizens. During his connection with the regiment, he
had formed many strong and pleasant attachments, he had
striven faithfully to do his whole duty toward those
placed under his charge, and he left the service with
regret. As an evidence that these kind feelings were
reciprocated, we may state that a short time after reach-
ing home he was the recipient of a heavy silver goblet,
SAMUEL E. WELLES. 887
the inscription upon which showed that it was the gift
of the officers and men of the 61st Regiment, to their
Surgeon, as a testimonial of their respect and esteem.
During the fall of 1862, he occupied himself actively in
promoting enlistments, and addressed several public meet-
ings in different parts of the county, for that object. In
the spring of 1863, he was elected Supervisor and made
Chairman of the Board of Supervisors ; he was reelected
in 1864, '65, ^66. The duties of this office during the war
were onerous and responsible ; that they were faithfully
and satisfactorily discharged, his repeated election is a
sufficient evidence. Mr. Welles believed that the pro-
fession of the Democratic faith was not inconsistent with
loyalty to the government and to the country, and, in that
faith, from the commencement to the close of the war, he
worked earnestly to meet the demands made upon his
town by the government, and gave a cordial and sincere
support to the country in its efforts to suppress the rebel-
lion. In the fall of 1866, he was made the candidate of
the Democratic party for the office of Member of Assem-
bly, and was elected by a majority of 532, being about
200 over the average majority on the State ticket.
STEPHEN H. WENDOVER.
Mr. Wendover was, until recently, interested in the
forwarding business; he represents the third generation
of his family continuously engaged therein. His grand-
father, who was a native and resident of New York city
at the outbreak of the Revolution, was related to Peter
Wendover, one of the framers of the first State Constitu-
tion of New York, and primarily suggested the idea of
the National Flag as it now is.
Mr. Wendover was born in the town of Stuyvesant,
Columbia county, New York, on the 28th *day of July,
1831. His boyhood was unbroken by any stern neces-
sities, or pinching privations ; his father, a gentleman of
competence, educated him with a view to business, and
gave him all the facilities necessary to prepare him for
commercial pursuits. Placing his son in the Kinderhook
Academy, an institution situated in Kinderhook, Columbia
county. New York, he gave him all of the benefits which
that school afforded. In 1848, Mr. Wendover, then
seventeen years of age, left the Academy, and became a
clerk in his father's business, to which he succeeded in
1855, and which he conducted with fine business skill.
Mr. Wendover never, until the autumn of 1866, allowed
his name to be used for the candidacy for ofiice ; but, at
that time, his Republican friends, in view of the political
strength of the probable competitor, urged him to run for
the place which he now holds, to which he was elected by
seventy-two majority. He is serving on the Committee
on Commerce and Navigation. Mr. Wendover, on first
acquaintance, is somewhat reserved; but among his
friends he is genial ; and is uniformly polite to everybody.
He is emphatically a discerning, large-hearted man.
MARSHALL F. WHITE
HoosiCK forms one of the northern tier of towns of
Rensselaer county, New York. Its scenery is picturesque
and beautiful, and its surface consists of wild regions of
mountains, and narrow, fertile valleys, w^hich are skirted
by precipitous hillsides. In the summer season, the scenic
variety is enchanting ; and, in winter, there is a grandeur
about the lofty mountain peaks, which cannot be forgotten.
Scotchmen who have visited that section, say that it more
closely resembles the scenery of Scotland, than any other
which they have witnessed in this country. This is Mr.
White's native place, he having been born in" Hoosick
Falls, July 23d, 1827, of N"ew England parentage. We
have no knowledge of the incidents of his youth, except
that he was an attendant at the Ball Seminary, located in
the village of his birth.
He is now an agent for the Troy & Boston Railroad,
and a coal and lumber dealer; and is regarded as one of
the most enterprising men in the north part of Rensselaer
county.
He is a sound Republican; his political antecedents
were Whig. He has been Town Clerk, and for five years
Commissioner of Common Schools. For eight years, he
held the office of Justice of the Peace, and is the present
incumbent of that position. In 1865, Mr. White was
elected to the Assembly, over Chauncey B. Slocum, the
Democratic candidate, by five hundred and eighty-nine
majority. During the session of 1866, he was Chairman
of the Committee on the Expenditures of the House.
He was again nominated for Member of Assembly,
last fall, against Gideon Reynolds, who has been widely
known in political circles, for many years. Mr. Reynolds
390 LIFE SKETCHES.
had formerly been a Republican, of no insignificant power,
in Rensselaer county. Such was his shrewdness, as a
political manager, he had, for a long time, been one of the
controlling spirits of his party, and had been the recipient
of oiBcial favor from the national administration, holding
the office of Internal Revenue Collector for the Fifteenth
District, at the time of his nomination for the Assembly.
When the issues between President Johnson and the
Republican party began to assume a tangible shape, Mr.
Reynolds went according to the policy of the Presi-
dent, and afterwards received from the Democrats the
nomination against Mr. White. If he had any hopes
that he could be elected by a combination of disaffected
Republicans with the Democracy, he must have been con-
vinced of his error, when the election displayed a majority
of nearly one thousand in favor of Mr. White.
The Speaker appointed Mr. White Chairman of the
Committee on Expenditures of the House, and a member
of the Committee on Internal Affairs. His thorough con-
versance with business matters, qualifies him for these
positions. He is of unimpeachable character ; and, though
but little skilled in debate, he makes a very reliable repre-
sentative.
MARK D. WILBER
Me. Wilber was born in Clinton, Dutchess county,
New York., on the 12th day of August, 1829. His father
is a farmer — a descendant of one of the oldest New Eng-
land families. They were Friends, or Quakers; hence,
they had no public part in our Revolutionary struggle.
His maternal grandfather, Doctor John Dodge, held a
commission as Surgeon in the army, during the war of
1812-14. He practiced his profession many years in
Schenectady, and afterward settled and died in Dutchess
county. He was the son of the Rev. Doctor John Dodge,
who officiated at the first Baptist service on Manhattan
Island ; and was also a physician and surgeon, practicing
in New York city during the Revolution.
Mr. Wilber, in youth, possessed a temperament of an
exceedingly nervous and delicate character. He entered
Fairfield Academy to prepare for college ; but, after two
years of study, his health forbidding close application, he
left to recuperate his strength, by travel. He first visited
the principal cities of the United States and Cuba ; he
then went to Chagres, and crossed to Panama, making the
passage in the most primitive style to Gorgona, and
finished the journey, with a single companion, on foot.
After spending several weeks in New Granada, he visited
Central America and Mexico, and sailed from Acapulco
to San Francisco — California was then a Territory —
where he settled temporarily. In that genial climate, he
became the embodiment of physical health. When the
State was admitted, the first on the Pacific coast, he took
an earnest interest in its prosperity, entering actively into
trade, mining and agriculture. He had the first threshing
machine built, and fed the product of a thousand acres of
the first wheat and barley threshed, on the coast. In
892 LIFE SKETCHES.
1851 and 1852, he was President of the Settlers' Asso-
ciation, a body organized to protect the settler equitably
against the Mexican Land Grant monopolies. He stumped
the State for Pierce in 1852, running as Representative
to the Assembly, for the Sacramento District. He ran
largely ahead of his ticket, but was defeated through
ballot-box stuffing, advantage being taken of the suspen-
sion of the canvass during the hours of the great confla-
gration of the city, which was burned on the night of the
election. He returned in 1853, to finish his studies. He
read law at Yale, under Governors Dutton and Bissell.
In 1855, he united with the newly organized Republican
party, and stumped Connecticut, New York and Pennsyl-
vania, for Fkemont. He graduated, was admitted to the
Bar, in 1856, and entered upon the practice of his profes-
sion, in New York city, removing his residence to Pough-
keepsie. In the early part of the rebellion, he aided in
the organizing of troops, and, in 1862, entered the service
as Quartermaster of the 159th Regiment New York State
Volunteers. Afterward, he served upon the Staff of General
Albert E. Paine in the Department of the Gulf. About
a year afterward, he resigned, on account of physical dis-
ability. In 1864, he was elected by the Union party to the
Assembly, serving on the Committees of Judiciary and
Federal Relations. During the session, he was chosen to
advocate the bill ratifying the Constitutional Amendment
prohibiting Slavery. His speech on that occasion was a
masterly effort in logic, history and statistical proof. It
was published in several papers, together with three edi-
tions, numbering 20,000 copies, printed and circulated by
the Union State Central Committee, as a campaign docu-
ment. He was renominated, by acclamation, and elected
in 1865, serving on the Committees of Cities and Insur-
ance; and he was reelected in 1866, a compliment
bestowed upon no predecessor.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS. 393
Mr. WiLBER is a man who labors for the benefit of his
city and county. He is the projector of the Pough-
keepsie and Eastern, and Poughkeepsie City Rail Roads,
and other projects, the consummation of which is due
almost entirely to his untiring energy. He is the Lecturer
on Commercial Law, in the Eastman Commercial Colleo-e,
in the city of Poughkeepsie. As a public speaker,
whether in the forum or on the lecture rostrum, he dis-
plays a versatility of oratorical power seldom excelled.
In the present Legislature, Mr. Wilber is Chairman of
the Committee on the Affairs of Cities, one of the most
important in the House, and is looked upon as a sagacious
Member.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS.
Mr. Williams was born in Bolton, Connecticut, on the
6th day of September, 1815. His parents were from
Wales. He was elected to the Assembly in 1865, from the
First (Buffalo) District of Erie, and served on the Canal
Committee. He was reelected from the Second District,
in 1866, by a closely disputed contest, running fifty ahead
of his ticket, and receiving a majority of twenty-seven
votes. He is serving on the Railroad Committee.
Mr. Williams is a self-made man, he has educated him-
self, and acquired large means by his remarkable industry
and perseverance.
As a speaker, he is fluent and logical. He does not enter
into mere technical controversies with his opponents, but
upon all the political issues, and upon all questions which
vitally affect the interests of his constituents, he arises
fearlessly and enters spiritedly into debate. In this
respect, he has already made his mark in the Assembly.
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394 LIFE SKETCHES.
He has been a Banker, in Buffalo, for twenty-eight
years, and is regarded in commercial circles as a gentle-
man of fine financial ability. Politically, he is a life-long
Democrat, taking a prominent part in politics; socially,
he is highly esteemed in all circles of society, and is
regarded, by all parties, as a fearless and upright man.
WILLIAM B. WILSON.
Mr. Wilson, tlie representative of the Second District
of Queens county, was born in the city of New York, in
the year 1820. Having a passion for the sea, during his
boyhood, he entered the United States service on board
the Independence, Commodore Nicholson. His first
voyage was to Russia, to which country the Independence
carried Hon. Geokge M. Dallas, United States Minister
to that empire. The ship then recrossed the Atlantic, and
went to Rio Janeiro, her appointed station. On this
voyage, Mr. Wilson spent between three and four years,
and then returned to New York. He then left the navy,
and went to reside in Newark, New Jersey, where he
remained until the death of his father. Shortly afterward,
he came to Albany, where he made himself master of the
art of sail-making, devoting several years to the pursuit
of it. He then returned to Newark, where he resided,
between five and six years. While in Newark, Mr.
Wilson was an active member of the Fire Department,
and rose to be Chief Engineer — a position which he held
for some years, and until the breaking up of the volunteer
system.
After leaving Newark, he resided in the city of Brook-
lyn, and became proprietor of a hotel in that city, in which
HENRY WOLTMAN. 395
business he has ever since remained. In 1861, he removed
to Astoria, his present place of residence.
Mr. WiLSox was married about twenty years ago. His
wife and three children still survive. He has always been
a sound and consistent Democrat, of the old Jacksonian
school, never swerving, for an instant, from his party
fidelity. He is a quiet and attentive member of the
House, taking up none of its time in speech-making, but
is always on hand to cast his vote when it is needed by
his constituents or his party.
HENRY WOLTMAN
Mr. Woltman is a native of Germany. He has seen a
great variety of incidents, and, for several years, has been
conspicuous in the local politics of his district. He is
thoroughly imbued with the principles of the Democracy,
and is considered to be a pretty shrewd manager.
Mr. WoLTMAN was born in Bremen, Germany, April
21st, 1831. He is the son of an innkeeper, who also
carried on a distillery. Leaving the public school, at the
age of fifteen, he went to sea as a cabin boy, making a
voyage from Bremen to New York, thence to Trinidad,
and from that place to Bremen. Remaining in port a
short time, he shipped before the mast, and made three
or four voyages between his native town, the United
States, and the West Indies. During his last voyage,
becoming tired of a seaman's life, he ran away from the
vessel while in New York harbor; or, to use his own
expression, he " started off without leave," and sought a
more congenial occupation. In 1849, he was employed as
clerk in a grocery store, but, not being entirely satisfied
with that avocation, he succeeded in being appointed on
396 LIFE SKETCHES.
the Municipal Police force, and acted as knight of the
" locust club " until the organization of the Metropolitan
Police, when he refused to be retained on the new force.
Mr. WoLTMAX then went on the street cars as conductor,
and continued in that capacity, from 1857 to 1859 ; he was
bookkeeper for the livery firm of Messrs. Towle &
Rover, from that time until 1862, when he accepted an
appointment in the New York City Inspector's office, as
Health Warden, and held it until the office was abolished,
in March, 1866. After that, he was a clerk in the Mayor's
office three or four months, and then was appointed
General Foreman of Lands and Places in the Street
Commissioner's office. He was elected by the Tammany
Democracy from the Twelfth Assembly District of New
York.
ABNER I. WOOD
Mr. Wood was born, February 4th, 1813, and is, there-
fore, one of the oldest men in the Assembly. At the time
of his birth, his parents resided in Clifton Park, Saratoga
county. New York, where his father carried on the business
of shoemaking and tanning, until the winter of 1835,
when he removed to Clarkson, Monroe county. He is of
Irish descent — three generations in his lineage dating back
to birth under the skies of Erin. His grandfather, in the
paternal line, when but fifteen years old, enlisted in the ser-
vice of his country, and served three years in fighting the
French and Indians, in the old border wars. When this
period of strife had passed, he settled in the town of
Amenia, Dutchess county, became a Baptist preacher, and
preached to the same congregation until his death, which
occurred in 1810.
ABNER I. WOOD. 397
To the subject of our sketch, very meagre facilities for
education were afforded. Even such advantages as a
common school could give were his only, until he attained
the age of twelve years. At fifteen years of age, he com-
menced learning the trade of shoemaking, with his father,
and continued in that occupation, until 1844, since which
time he has been a farmer. He removed from Clarksou to
Brockport, Monroe county, in January, 1841, and after
residing there four years, again changed his residence to
Parma, in the same county, where he has since continued
to reside.
In 1850, Mr. Wood was elected Assessor of his town,
by the Whig party, which office he held three years. He
had voted with that party since attaining his majority,
and maintained the same party relations, until the forma-
tion of the Republican party. He served his town as
Supervisor, during the years 1858, '59, '60 and '65, his
faithfulness as such officer being fully attested by these
repeated elections. In the fall of 1865, he was elected
Member of Assembly, by a majority of seven hundred and
fifty-one over the Democratic candidate. His reelection
last fall, was by a complimentary majority of eight hun-
dred and fifty-eight, his own town speaking his popularity
at home, by giving three hundred and ten of the very
flattering vote.
Mr. Wood is an efficient representative. He is a mem-
ber of the Canal Committee, and the Committee on Chari-
table and Religious Societies, and is also Chairman of the
Committee on Expenditures of the Executive Department.
He is, therefore, one of the working men of the House.
He possesses a cordial, social temperament, and is at all
times courteous and obliging. A man of good personal
presence, his unpretending manner readily wins respect
and confidence ; and he blends always with his action, the
convictions of an earnest. Christian gentleman.
DANIEL P. WOOD.
Daniel Wood, the father of the subject of this sketch,
came, in 1800, -to Pompey, Onondaga county, from the
Berkshire Hills. Daniel P. Wood is of New England,
Massachusetts stock. And this implies more than many
men, whose minds are biased by religious, sectional or
political antagonisms, are willing to admit.
Massachusetts is, in some important respects, the infe-
rior of this our native State. She has many faults of
history and character. She has given birth to not a few
unworthy sons and daughters. But, after all, in spite
of all tha,t may be truthfully said about the Puritan
sternness and Calvinistic bigotry, the persecution of Bap-
tists and Quakers, the Cotton Mathers and Salem Witches
of the past, or the lax notions and heresies of the present,
spite of all the business and political sins fairly or unfairly
laid at her door by Democrats and high churchmen, by
Sunset Cox and Hoeatio Seymouk, Massachusetts is a
commonwealth eminent among her sisters for the nobler
qualities. Considering her numbers and the extent of her
territory, her history cannot easily be surpassed for variety
of excellence. Her children get from her an early moral
and intellectual training, a personal independence and love
of liberty, and a political education of that enlarged
selfishness which subordinates States to the nation, the
interests of the individual to the interests of the masses,
which holds the home prosperity — as bound up in, and
inseparable from, the prosperity of neighbors and sisters.
Those sons of hers, who go wrong, are unjust to their
mother and share nothing of her spirit.
Hon. Daniel P. Wood is an old friend of ours. Our
acquaintance dates from his entrance into college, and we
have watched with interest his subsequent career. He
DANIEL P. WOOD. 899
inherited, and has exhibited through life, the New England
traits — readiness to labor and to learn, strength of will,
forecast and sympathy with those movements which have
for their end the well-being of the country, and for their
means the advancing condition of all classes and races.
His father was a lawyer and farmer, but farming was his
main occupation. Mr. Wood worked diligently on the
farm till he was twenty years old, acquiring a vigor of
constitution which enabled him, in after years, to endure
the severest mental labor. After a preparatory course
at Pompey Hill Academy, Mr. Wood entered Hamilton
College. There he not only disciplined his mind by a
mastering of the class studies, but expanded it by a wide
range of reading. He studied law at Pompey with
Victory Birdseye. In 1846 he commenced the -practice
of law at Syracuse. His industry and skill gave him great
success. He was Corporation Attorney for three years,
and his general business was so large and attended to
with such fidelity that in 1853 his health broke down. In
that year and the year 1854 he consented to represent his
District in the Assembly, in the hope of good from lighter
labors and a change of occupation. But the legislation
of those years was very important, and Mr. Wood was
too earnest and active to give the needed rest to his
worn out frame. In 1853 he was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Salt, and was on the Committees on Claims
and the Code. On this last Committee was Arphaxad
LooMis, and David Dudley Field, another codifier, was
often present at its sessions. The Committee sat many
hours each day, entertaining the most important dis-
cussions, demanding for their proper handling severe
thought and wide knowledge, and Mr. Wood brought to
them his legal acumen and conscientious industry.
The canal policy came up for review and determination;
the Legislature of this year submitted the question of
400 LIFE SKETCHES.
*debt for tne completion of the enlargement to the people,
and in the long, exciting and able debates Mr. Wood was
prominent and influential. He was one of the Managers,
on the part of the Assembly, of the impeachment of
Canal Commissioner, John C. Mather. To have been
assigned such important posts by a house politically
opposed to him, and during his first year as a legislator,
was no light tribute to his reputation and powers.
In 1854, as Chairman of the Committee on Colleges,
Academies, &c., he matured and carried through the act
creating the Department of Public Instruction. He was,
this year, a Member of the Committee of Ways and
Means. He attended moderately to his profession during
the three years immediately following, but, in 1857, a
hemorrhage of the throat or lungs brought him to the
borders of death. Most men would have given way,
but the will of Mr. Wood triumphed over disease. As
soon as he could cleverly move, he started for South
Carolina, returning thence on horseback.
In 1864, '65, '66, he was elected to the Assembly, as
representative from the Second District of Onondaga
county. In 1865 and ^6Q, he was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Canals, a position requiring almost ceaseless
labor. He understood the canals, knew the burdens laid
upon their broad and patient backs, and defended their
interests, with honor to himself and usefulness to the
State. In 1865, he was Chairman of the Committee to
receive the remains of President Lincoln, at the city of
New York, and conduct them through the State. He
was also on the Ways and Means, a Committee of which
he is this year (1867) the Chairman.
Mr. Wood was a Whig, then a Republican. During
the war, he labored without ceasing. The first regiment
which went from Syracuse was raised in one week. In
that same period, mainly through the exertions of Mr.
ELEAZEE WOOSTEE. 401
Wood, nearly 120,000 was contributed on behalf of the
soldiers and their families. His patriotism knew no fear
or faltering ; he kept up his patience and his hope, speak-
ing words of good cheer all the more when hours were
darkest.
As a legislator, Mr. Wood has but few equals in either
House, for vigor, activity and -versatility. He speaks
often, but never without a good understanding of his sub-
ject. He does not talk buncombe, nor on topics aside from
proper legislative business. He is clear, precise, and aims
directly at the point, caring little for mere ornament ; but
his thrusts are as telling as though the hilt of his sword
was jeweled and its bl^de of Damascus steel.
ELEAZER WOOSTER.
Me. Woostee has fought his way in life with rigid per-
severance. Never having been in circumstances which
favored a liberal education, he has had to acquire what
knowledge he possesses, by solitary study. Taking, as a
foundation, what learning he had gained in the common
schools of New Hampshire, before he was fifteen, he has
added thereto, until he has become well informed, both
professionally and socially. Mr. Woostee is a native of
New Hampshire, and is a lawyer by profession. His
residence is in the town of Poestenkill, Rensselaer county,
New York, where he has lived for a number of years,
building up a business which brings him a comfortable
income. At the Bar he holds a fair position ; and, in the
prosecution of his cases, meets with an average degree of
success. In his district, he carries with him no little politi*
cal influence, and is a good manager in a campaign.
51
40^ LIFE SKETCHES.
Having held, in an acceptable way, different town offices,
Mr. Wooster has made many hearty friends. In 1859, he
was candidate for District Attorney, on the "Know
Nothing" ticket, and ran 1,700 ahead of his ticket, being
defeated, however, by 300 majority, on account of a com-
bination of the Democrats with the People's party. In
the Assembly of 1866, Mr. Woostek bore a good reputa-
tion for integrity. Ill health compelled him to be absent
a portion of the time ; but, whenever occasion demanded
his attendance, he was found in his seat, though he might
have had a valid excuse for being away. He was returned
to the present Legislature by a most emphatic vote in his
favor.
NATHANIEL J. WYETH.
Mr. "Wyeth's father, Charles Wyeth, was an extensive
silk merchant in Baltimore, and his mother, Elizabeth
Wyeth, nee Norris, was a native of the same city. The
Wyeth family became divided, in the early years of the
American colonies, one branch settling in Massachusetts,
and the other, in Virginia ; of the latter branch, George
Wyeth became the most eminent, having been a signer of
the Declaration of Independence, and a distinguished mem-
ber of the Convention that framed the Constitution of
the United States.
Nathaniel J. Wyeth was born in the city of Baltimore,
Maryland, in 1830. He was named after his great uncle,
Nathaniel J. Wyeth, of Cambridge, well known as a
pioneer hunter and trapper with Kit Carson, who i»
spoken of by Washington Irving and Schoolcraft in
their writings, as a man of sterling. mind; and he likewise
NATHANIEL J. WYETH. 403
invented many useful machines, as is . shown by the patent
office at Washington.
At the very early age of four years, the subject of this
article was sent to the boarding school, at Mount Hope,
where he remained until the death of his mother, which
occurred when he was eleven years old. Soon after this
bereavement, he was placed in the classical high school, at
Lawrenceville, New Jersey, where he received a careful
course of mental training, in mathematics, rhetoric, and the
classics. His instructors were ripe scholars, and experi-
enced educators ; and they soon initiated their pupil into
a course of culture which laid the foundations of good
scholarship. Mr. Wyeth's father, having a sound appre-
ciation of the value of a liberal education, determined to
give his son the most ample opportunities of a university
course ; to further this design, he placed his boy, Nathan-
iel, under the tuition of the Unitarian divine, E. Q. Sewell,
when he was scarcely fifteen. In the summer of 1846, he
was admitted to Harvard University, which was under the
Presidency of Edwakd Evekett, of whom it may be said ;
" He put so much of soul into his act,
That his example had a magnet's force.
And all were prompt to follow whom all loved."
In the summer of 1850, Mr. "Wyeth graduated, receiv-
ing the title of A. B., and the next spring entered the
Law School at Harvard, where he exclusively devoted his
time to the study of law and political science, except the
few hours occasionally given to reading Dante's immortal
poem, under the supervision of the poet Longfellow.
In a year and a half, he received the degree of L L. B.
Having arrived at manhood, he immediately went to
the city of New York, and opened an office for the prac-
tice of his profession. A few months subsequently, he
married, and changed his residence to Staten Island, where
his home overlooks the broad bay of New York, and com-
4(^ . LIFE SKETCHES.
mands a full view of the ocean. He still practices at the
New York Bar, and is in the very heart of commercial
activity and industrial pursuits. He represents Richmond
county in the Assembly to which he was elected by the
Democrats, by a majority of eight hundred and twenty-
nine. He is member of the Committee on Colleges,
Academies and Common Schools, and the Sub-Committee
of the Whole.
Mr. Wyeth is a man of good social traits, and sound
opinions.
TRUMAN G. YOUNGLOVE
Me. Younglove's ancestors were of English extraction ;
his paternal and maternal grandfather were both soldiers
during the Revolutionary War, and both drew pensions
to the time of their death. His paternal grandfather was
a native of Connecticut, but early in life emigrated to
Vermont, in which State he reared his family. His
parents came from Vermont to Edinburgh, Saratoga
county. New York, where the subject of this sketch was
born, October 31st, 1815. In December, 1846, he took up
his residence in Albany, remaining there until May, 1850,
when he went to Cohoes, from which village, in 1861, he
moved to Crescent, Saratoga county, where he now has
an elegant residence.
His advantages of education were the best afforded by
Select Schools in Fabius and Salina, Onondaga county,
and at the Galway Academy, an institution then in charge
of A. Watson, A. M., who gave it a reputation second
to that of no other in the State. While prosecuting his
TRUMAN G. YOUNGLOVE. 405
Studies, he taught a district school one winter in Fabius,
and two in Galway.
As a student, he was noted for his diligence and profici-
ency, being almost always first in his classes, and seldom
failing to win the honors accorded to fine scholarship. He
early cultivated a taste for historical reading ; and the les-
sons of the ages have still for him a freshness of interest
unsurpassed by current events of the day. With mental
habits well formed, and intellectual powers adequately
trained, professional life ofierfed to him its distinctions;
and with a view to such life, he studied law with the late
Hon. Daniel Cady, and Hon. Teunis Van Vechten, in
Albany ; but soon after engaging in the practice of his
profession, he embarked in business enterprises at Cohoes,
and has ever since been conspicuously identified with all
the interests of that thriving town. His engagements
requiring constant professional skill, he has kept up his
law library and law reading, and, on all legal points, he is
his own best counselor.
At Cohoes, Mr. Younglove began to display the great
executive talent which has made for him a remarkable
record. He was a Trustee and also the Secretary of the
Mohawk River Mills corporation, (a company engaged in
manufacturing knit goods), during the existence of the
company, and for a considerable time, had the entire man-
agement of its business. Subsequently, at the organization
of the Clifton Company, also manufacturing knit goods,
he became Trustee and President of it, and so remains.
The same is true as respects his relations to the Cohoes
Gas-Light Company. He has been Trustee, Secretary and
Treasurer of the Cohoes Savings Institution, ever since
its incorporation by the Legislature in 1851. He is a
Director in the National Bank of Cohoes, and has been
such from the organization of the Bank as a State insti-
tution, in 1859 ; he is a Director in the Albany City Insur-
406 LIFE SKETCHES.
ance Company, also a Director in the Troy and Cohoes
Railroad Company. He was Water Commissioner of the
Cohoes Water Works, and Treasm-er of the Water Fund,
for six years, and, as such, liad the principal management
in the construction of the works. He is Secretary and
Agent of the Cohoes Company, which owns the entire
water power of the Mohawk at that place, and a large
amount of real estate. The business of the company con-
sists in leasing the water power and real estate to the
various manufacturing establishments, and the charge of it
devolves almost exclusively upon Mr. Younglove. Of
this company he is, and has been for several years, a Direc-
tor. The dam and gate-house of the company, recently
constructed mainly under his supervision, are among the
finest in the United States, and the water power thus made
available is scarcely equaled by any other in this country.
For several years, he had the entire management of the
Company's large Foundery and Machine Shop, both of
which were built under his supervision. In company with
another party, he has been for several years engaged in
manufacturing straw board, and has had the entire direc-
tion of the business. In the mean time, one of the finest
mills in the United States for such manufacture, has been
erected under his superintendency. Such eminence in
business is praiseworthy in one who early learned, and,
for a time, carried on the business of tanner, currier and
shoemaker — branches of industry in which his father had
been successful.
The political career of Mr. Younglove dates from his
twenty-first year, in which, as a Whig, he was elected
Inspector of Common Schools, in Fabius, an office to which
he was chosen a second time. In 1845, he was elected
Justice of the Peace, on the Whig ticket, in the town of
Galway, by a majority of twenty-five, when the town
was Democratic by eighty. At Cohoes, he was elected
TEUMAN G. YOXJNGLOVE. 40Y
Trustee of the village, and held the position of President
of the Board of Education for five years in succession,
previous to his removal to Crescent. In 1864, he vras the
Republican candidate for Member of Assembly, from
the First District of Saratoga county, but was defeated by
thirty-eight majority, a result caused by the errors of the
soldiers' vote, in the field, a number of ballots, evidently
intended for him, being cast for the candidate in the Second
Assembly District. In 1865, he was put in nomination for
the Assembly again, and, although the Distriort was largely
Democratic, was elected by three hundred and forty-seven
majority. He was Chairman of the Committee on Trade
and Manufactures. In 1866, he was returned to his seat
by five hundred and fifty-nine majority, He is a member
of the Railroad Committee, and Chairman of the Insurance
Committee.
As a politician, Mr. Younglove is keen and sagacious.
His conclusions are not so much the result of quick intui-
tion, as of a logical method of reasoning from given
premises. They are neither hurriedly reached, nor hastily
expressed.
As a patriot, earnestly supporting the government in
the hour of its greatest need and peril, few men, whose
engagements kept them from field duty, have more
unsparingly devoted their time and money to a sacred
cause which could only triumph by the ofierings willingly
laid upon the altar of sacrifice.
His life is most exemplary, and his character is adorned
with virtues. While in Gal way, he was for several years
Superintendent of the Sunday School ; at Albany, he was
a teacher, and at Cohoes, was again a Superintendent for
ten years. In these relations, he has wielded powerful
influences for good.
Mr. YouNGLOVE, in his legislative career, has achieved
an enviable reputation. Of undisputed integrity, clear in
408 LIFE SKETCHES.
his reasoning, and correct in his conclusions, his opinions
have had great weight with all with whom he has come in
contact; and his uniform courtesy has won him many-
warm friends. His business talents and experience have
peculiarly qualified him to arrive at safe judgments, and
his course has been such as to encourage every commercial
interest of the State, and foster every sound enterprise.
LUTHER CALDWELL,
CLEKK OF THE ASSEMBLY
At the opening of the present session of the Legisla-
ture, a very spirited contest for the Clerkship of the
House took place. The most prominent candidates were
Joseph B. Cushman of Utica, who had filled the position
for four successive years with marked ability, Waldo M.
Potter of Saratoga Springs, now Financial Clerk of the
Assembly, and Major Luther Caldwell of Elmira.
After numerous ballotings, Mr. Caldwell was elected.
He descends from Puritan ancestry, his progenitors
having immigrated to America in 1634. James Cald-
well, who was shot by the British troops at the Boston
massacre, at the beginning of the Revolutionary war, was
a connection of this family. Luther Caldwell was born
in the town of Ipswich, Massachusetts, September 16th,
1822. Twelve years ago he was a journeyman mechanic,
working for the New York and Erie Railroad ; he there-
fore heartily sympathizes with the mechanic and laboring
classes. But, though his hands were hard and browned
with toil, his mind was not inert. While he was going
through with the routine of daily labor, he was also alive
to the march of events. He had a good supply of that
strong, New England sense, which has always had so
LUTHER CALDWELL. 409
much to do in directing and governing the masses ; and
therefore, it is not astonishing that he aspired to pursuits
which would bring him more immediately in contact with
mind.
Mr. Caldwell was appointed Deputy Clerk of the
Assembly, for the years 1857, '59 and '60. In 1861, he
enlisted in the llih Regiment, New York Volunteers,
which captured the first field piece taken from the rebels
by the army of the Potomac ; he was commissioned Lieu-
tenant, and was shortly afterward promoted to Captain ;
he has since been breveted Major, for his valor in the
field, by Governor Fenton. In the army he was prompt
in the performance of duty, and uncomplaining under
privations. After his Regiment was mustered out of the
service, in 1863 (it went out for two years), he bought a
half interest in the Elmira Daily Advertiser, of which
he is now the Editor-in-Chief. Mr. Caldwell is some-
what widely known as a Member of previous Repub-
lican State Conventions, having been Reading Secre-
tary in 1859, '65 and '66. In political canvasses, he is
regarded as an excellent campaign speaker, being familiar
with party policies as well as incidents. His previous
experience as Deputy Clerk, familiarized him with his
present duties, upon which he entered as no novice.
He is rapid in the dispatch of business before the House,
never causing delay by any oversight of his. His powers
of physical endurance are very great, and his voice
is as clear and distinct as a clarion. Thus far, Mr. Cald-
well has given general satisfation to both parties, and we
doubt not that, when the session closes, he will bear away
the palm of being one of the best Clerks which the
Assembly has ever had.
52
NATHANIEL GOODWIN,
KEEPER OP THE SENATE CHAMBER.
Our readers will pardon us for taking just one step out-
side the bounds of the Legislature, and giving a sketch of
the life of Mr. Goodwin, who is known by the sobriquet
of " Uncle Nat," to almost every legislator who has been
in Albany, for the last ten years. He is emphatically
" everybody's friend ;" and his good natured face, wrinkled
more by constant smiles than by cares, will be remem-
bered by man}'-, after he has passed from the theater of
life. Many a State officer, Senator, and Assemblyman,
will, in the future, recollect the kind offices and favors
Avhich " Uncle Nat " performed.
Mr. Goodwin was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts,
July 9th, 1803, within a few rods of Plymouth rock, of
which he sold many a piece to travelers, when a boy.
Being brought up near the sea shore, he possessed a great
desire to go to sea. Having acquired an education in the
common schools of New England, at the age of seventeen,
he shipped, at New Bedford, on board of a whaler, and
went to the coast of Brazil. After an absence of twelve
months, during which time he was not once on shore, he
returned home ; after remaining about a month, he went
on another whaling voyage, going round Cape Horn
(the Cape of Storms), thence along the coast of Chili, Peru,
and California ; having remained on those whaling grounds,
for one season, they sailed to the Sandwich Islands for sup-
plies of w^ood and water and provisions. They remained in
harbor, for four weeks, and then put back to their old
cruising ground. Having filled their ship with a cargo of
oil, they returned to New Bedford, having made a cruise of
twenty-nine months. He afterward made several voyages,
on board merchant vessels, to England, South America,
Cuba, and other parts. During one of his absences, he was
NATHANIEL GOODWIN. 411
shipwrecked off the Bahama Banks ; the vessel was a total
wreck, but he was saved by wreckers, and taken to
Havana. It is impossible, in this brief space, to relate the
thrilling adventures which he had, while a sailor.
When Mr. Goodwin was twenty-four, being tired of a
roving life, he went to Homer, Cortland county. New
York, and bought a farm which he managed for about six
years, and then sold out, subsequently following various
occupations. In 1840, he was elected Collector of the
town of Homer, on the Whig ticket. Having seen
the workings of slavery in the course of his travels, and
having imbibed a goodly amount of " Plymouth atmos-
phere," in his youth, he espoused the cause of the
Abolitionists in 1842, being appointed by the Abolition
Society to distribute documents, and appoint meetings in
the State. In 1845, through the assistance of his friends,
he established at Cortlandville, New York, an Abolition
newspaper called The True American. He sold his interest
two years afterward. In 1846, Mr. Goodwin went to Ten-
nessee, in behalf of the Abolition Society, to purchase from
slavery the mother of Rev. J. W. Loguen ; but owing to
public opinion in that quarter, her master did not dare
sell her. He remained in the employ of the society, until
1848. After that time, he held town office for several
terms, and in 1852, was appointed Janitor of the Assembly.
From 1852 to 1857, he was employed by the Western and
Harlem Railroad Companies. In 1857, he was appointed
to fill the vacancy, as a door-keeper in the Senate ; and in
1858 was appointed by resolution, as keeper of the Senate
Chamber, which position he has held ever since.
Of course it is unnecessary to add, that " Uncle Nat "
is an " out and out " Republican. He has been a friend to
the slave, from the time when " Abolitionist " was an
opprobrious epithet, but he has lived to see the triumph
of the great principles of Right.
MEMBERS OF THE SENATE.
NUMBER OF THEIR RESPECTIVE DISTRICTS, AND THE COUNTIES AND
WARDS COMPOSING THE SAME.
LiEUT.-GoVERNOR STEWART L. "WooDFORD, Brooklyn, Kings county.
Dist. Counties and Wards. Senators.
1. Suffolk, Queens and Richmond counties, Nicholas B. La Bau.
2. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th and 19th
wards of Brooklyn, Henry R. Pierson.
3. 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 15th, 16th,
17th and 18th wards of Brooklyn, and
towns of Flatbush, Flatlands, Graves-
end, New Lots, and New Utrecht, of
Kings county, Henry C. Murphy.
4. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 14th
wards of New York, Benjamin "Wood.
5. 10th, 11th, 13th and 17th wards of New
York, Charles G. Corneli,.
6. 9th, 15th, 16th and 18th wards of New
York Abraham Lent.
7. 12th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 22d wards of New
York, Thomas Murphy.
8. "Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland
counties, Edmund G. Sutherland.
9. Orange and Sullivan, Henry R. Low.
10. Ulster and Greene, George Chambers.
11. Dutchess and Columbia, Edward G. "Wilbor.
12. Rensselaer and Washington, James Gibson.
13. Albany, Lorenzo D. Collins.
14. Delaware, Schoharie and Schenectady, ... Charles Stanford.
15. Montgomery, Fulton, Saratoga and
Hamilton, Adam "W. Kline.
MEMBERS OF THE SENATE. 413
DIst. Counties and Wards. Senators.
16. Warren, Essex and Clinton, Moss K. PiiATT.
17. St. Lawrence and Franklin, Abel Godakd.
18. Jefferson and Lewis, John O'DoNNEiiL.
19. Oneida, Samuel Campbell.
20. Herkimer and Otsego, George H. Andrews.
21. Oswego, JOHN J. "WOLCOTT.
22. Onondaga, Andrew D. White.
23. Madison, Chenango and Cortland, James Babnett.
24. Tompkins, Tioga and Broome, Ezra Cornell.
25. Wayne and Cayuga, Stephen K. Williams.
26. Ontario, Yates and Seneca, Charles J. Folger.
27. Chemung, Schuyler and Steuben, John L Nicks.
28. Monroe,.... Thomas Parsons.
29. Niagara, Orleans and Genesee Richard Crowley.
30. Wyoming, Livingston and Allegany, Wolcott J. Humphrey,
31. Erie, David S. Bennett.
32. Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, Walter L. Sessions.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SENATORS,
The Counties ix which they Beside, Post-Office Address, and Politics.
Name of Senators.
Counties.
Post-office address.
Politics.
Andrews, George "W.,
Barnett, James,
Otsego, .. . .
Springfield
Peterboro,
Republican.
Republican.
Madison,
Erie,
Bennett, David S.,
Bufi"alo,
Republican.
Campbell, Samuel
Oneida
New York Mills,
Stone Ridge,
West Troy,
Republican.
Democrat.
Chambers, George,
Collins, Lorenzo,
Ulster,
Albany,
Republican,
Democrat.
Cornell, Charles G
New York,
Tompkins,
Niagara,
Ontario,
New York City,.
Ithaca,
Cornell, Ezra,
Republican.
Republican.
Republican.
Crowley, Richard,
Lockport,
Geneva,
Folger, Charles J.,
Gibson, James,
Washington,...
St. Lawrence,..
Wyoming,
Montgomery, ..
Warren,
New York,
Sullivan,
Kings,
Salem,
Republican.
Republican.
Republican.
Godard, Abel
Richville
Humphrey, Wolcott J.,...
Warsaw,
Kline, Adam W
La Bau, Nicholas B., ... .
Amsterdam,
Luzerne,
Republican.
Republican.
Republican.
Republican.
Democrat.
Lent, Abraham,
New York City,..
Monticello,
Brooklyn,
Low, Henry R., ...
Murphy, Henry C,
Murphy, Thomas,
Nicks, John L,
New York
Chemung,
Lewis,
New York City,..
Elmira,
Republican.
Republican.
O'Donnell, John,
Lowville
Republican.
Republican.
Parsons, Thomas,
Monroe,
Kings
Rochester,
Pierson, Henry R.,
Brooklyn,
Plattsburgh,
Panama,
Republican.
Piatt, Moss K.,
Clinton,
Republican.
Republican.
Sessions, Walter L
Chautauqua,...
Schenectady, ..
Westchester, ..
Onondaga,
Columbia,
Wayne,
Stanford, Charles
Schenectady
White Plains,
Syracuse,
Republican.
Democrat.
Republican.
Sutherland, Edmund G.,
White, Andrew D.,
Wilbor, Edward G.,
Chatham,
Republican.
Williams, Stephen K., ...
Newark,
Republican,
Republican.
Wolcott, John J.,
Oswego,
Fulton,
Wood, Benjamin,
New York
New York City,..
Democrat.
ALPHABETICAL LIST
OF THE
ilEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY,
WITH THE DISTKICTS AND COTJNTIES THEY REPKESENT, POST- •
OFFICE ADDRESS AND POLITICS.
Hon. EDMUND L. PITTS, Speaker, Medina, Orleans County-
Dis.
Assemblymen.
County.
Post-office Address.
Politics.
?
Archer, Ornon,
Wayne,
Palmyra,
Republican.
Democrat.
3
Baker, John G.,
Ulster,
Hurley,
Baker, Stephen,
Putnam, ........
Brewster's,
Republican.
Ballard, Horatio,
Cortland,
Cortland,
Republican.
Republican.
Barker, Samuel M.,..
Schuyler,
North Hector, ...
Barstow, Oliver A.,..
Berryman, Wilson,..
Tioga,
Nichols,
Republican.
Republican.
17
New York,
New York city, ..
8
Bicknell, Richmond
St. Lawrence,
Potsdam
Republican.
1
Bigelow, Lafay'te J.,
Jefferson,
Watertown,
Republican.
4
Blair, John J.,
New York,
New York city, ..
Democrat.
1
Blakeslee, Levi,
Oneida,
Utica,
Republican.
5
Blauvelt, Charles, ...
New York,
New York city, ..
Democrat.
1
Boyd, William B., ...
Prattsburgh,
Republican.
Briggs, Thomas A.,..
Bristol, William,
Wypming,
Gainesville,
Republican.
'?,
Bruce, Benjamin F.,
Brush, Augustus A.,
Madison,
Lenox,
Republican.
Republican.
1
Dutchess,
Fishkill Plains,..
Buck, George W
Chemung,
Chemung,
Republican.
18
Buck, Leander,
New York,
New York city,..
Democrat.
5
Buckley, Caleb F.,...
Kings
Brooklyn,
Brooklyn,
1
Burns, Patrick,
Kings
Democrat.
8
Burrows, Roswell L.
Button, Heman G.,..
Erie,
Buffalo,
Republican.
1
Cattaraugus, ,.
Machias,
Republican.
416
LIFE SKETCHES.
Dis.
Assemblymen.
County.
Post-oflace Address.
Politics.
3
Candee, Samuel,
Onondaga,
Pompey Centre,
Republican.
?
Chamberlain, W.R.,
Clarke, Edgar B.,
Clark, William S.,...
Republican.
1
Otsego,
Unadilla Forks,
Sloansville,
Republican.
Schoharie,
Democrat.
1
Conger, Hugh,
Covell, Joseph,
Republican.
Republican.
Fult'n & Ham.
Northampton, ...
Crandall, Charles M.
Creamer, Thomas J.,
Allegany,
New York,
Belfast
Republican.
Democrat,
14
New York city, ..
13
Cregan, Bernard,
New York
New York city,..
Democrat.
2
Cribben, Henry,
Monroe,
Rochester,
Republican.
19
Develin, John E.,
New York,
New York city, ..
Democrat.
7
Dixon, Henry M., ...
Donoho, Const'tine,
Williamsburgh,
New York city, ..
Democrat.
2
New York
Democrat.
1
Duntz, Jacob H.,
Columbia,
W. Taghkanick,
Republican.
Ellis, Charles G.,
Schenectady,
Schenectady,
Republican.
7
Fay, Joseph B.,
Fiske, Leander W.,
Chautauqua, ..
Oneida,
Republican.
Republican.
4
Booneville,
15
Frear, Alexander,..
New York,
New York city, ..
Democrat.
21
Genet, Henry W., ...
New York,
New York city, ..
Democrat.
2
Gibbs, George C,
Delaware,
Stamford,
Republican.
Gill, Columbus,
Warren
Creek Centre,
Republican.
1
Gleason, George M.,
St. Lawrence,
East Pitcairn,
Republican.
11
Gridley, John V.,
New York,
New York city,..
Republican.
1
Gurley, William,
Halsey, Lewis B......
Troy,
Republican.
Republican.
1
Orange,
Newburgh,
?
Harrington, Sheff'd
Havens, Palmer E.,
Otsego,
Hartwick,
Republican.
Republican.
Essex,
Essex,
4
Haynes, Stephen, ...
Hinson, Charles W..
Hinsdale, Theodore,
Kings,
Erie
Brooklyn
Democrat.
1
Buffalo,
Democrat.
^
Kings,
Brooklyn,
Republican.
?
Onondaga,
Washington,..
Republican.
Republican.
2
Hitchcock, Adol. F.,
Kingsbury,
Hoffman, Abraham
Montgomery,
Fort Plain,
Republican.
1
Hoppin, Bushrod E.
Hoyt, Charles S.,
Republican.
Republican.
Yates,
Potter
MEMBERS OP THE ASSEMBLY.
41'
Dis.
Assemblymen.
County.
Post-office Address.
Politics.
o
Hunt, William E
Cattaraugus, ..
New York,
Otto,
Republican.
Democrat.
ir>
Irving, James,
New York city, ..
Brooklyn,
q
Kings,
Chenango,
Republican.
8
Keadj^, Patrick,
Kimball, James W.,
Franklin,
Fort Covington,
Republican.
?
Lefever, Jacob,
Littlejohn, D. W. C,
Lockwood, H. N. '
Ulster,
New Paltz,
Republican.
Republican.
Republican.
Democrat.
1
Oswego
Oswego
1
Cavuga. .
Victory,
1
Lord, Jar vis,
Monroe, . . . .
Pittsford,
Maiden,
Redfield
1
Maxwell, John,
McKinney, Cliarles,
Mead, Jacob A.,
Ulster,
Republican.
Republican.
Republican.
a
Oswego,
Livingston, ...
Mount Morris,...,
?
Millspaugh, Geo. W.
Minier, Cliristian,...
Orange,
Steuben,
Goshen,
2
Caton Centre,
Republican.
1
Moody, Elisha,
Murphy, MicliaelC,
Niagara,
New York,
Lockport,
Republican,
Democrat.
1
New York city,..
10
Murphy, Owen,
New York,
New York city,..
Democrat.
8
Oakey, John,
Kings,
132Nas'ust.,N.Y.
Republican.
3
O'Reilly, Daniel,
New York,
New York city,..
Democrat.
2
Parker, John L.,
Cayuga,
Moravia,
Republican.
2
Penfleld, George J,,..
Westchester,.,
New Rochelle, ...
Democrat.
Phillips, Henry A.,..
Plumb, Joseph H.,...
Pool, William,
Lewis,
Republican.
Republican.
Republican,
Republican.
Democrat.
5
Erie,
Gow'nda, Cat.Co.
0
Niagara,
Niagara Falls, ...
West Troy,
Clarence,
4
Potter, Oscar F.,
Albany,
4
Prince, Alpheus,
Erie,
1
Purdy, Samuel M., ..
Westchester,..
West Farms,
Democrat.
fi
Raber, John,
Kings, ,
Williamsburgh,.
New York city,..
Ransom, Frank A.,
New York, .....
Democrat.
i
Reed, James,
New York,
New York city,..
Democrat,
I
Reynolds, Austin L.
Saratoga, ......
S. Glens Falls, ...
Republican.
t
Rice, William H., ...
Oswego, .........
Caughdenoy,
Republican,
Richmond, Seth M.,
Herkimer, ....
Little Falls,
Republican.
2
Roberts, Ellis H.,
Oneida, .........
tJtica,
Republican*
418
LIFE SKETCHES.
Dis.
Assemblymen.
County.
Post-office Address.
Politics.
8
Robertson, Alex,, ...
Albany,
Albany,
Democrat
9
Rogers, Henry, '■
New York,
New York city,..
Democrat.
20
Russell, Patrick,
New York,
New York city,..
Democrat.
3
Sanford, George H,,
Schutt, Hiram,
Oneida, Mad. Co.
Port Gibson,
1
Ontario,
Republican.
Selkreg, John H
Tompkins,
Jefferson,
Ithaca
Republican.
. Republican.
2
Shaw, Albert D.,
Cape Vincent, ...
1
Shiland, Thomas, ...
Washington,..
Cambridge,
Republican,
6
Sigerson, John,
New York,
New York citv,..
Democrat.
1
Skillman, Francis,..
Smith, Henry,
Queens
Roslyn,
Democrat.
2
Albany,
Albany,
Republican.
1
Smith, Joshua,
Delaware,
Cannonsville,
Republican.
Starr, David G.,
Sullivan,
Monticello,
Democrat,
2
Stiles, Orson,
Chautauqua, ..
Rockland,
Genesee
Republican,
Suffern, James,
Tarbox, Henry F.,...
Torrey, Samuel H.,..
Travis, JDavid W., ...
Vandenberg, John,..
Suffern's
Democrat.
Batavia
Republican.
Republican,
2
Ontario
Naples,
«
Peekskill
Republican.
Republican,
1
Wayne
Clyde,
VanValkenburg, J.,
Broome,
Binghamton,
Republican.
Wagstaff, Alfred, Jr.
Weed, Smith M.,
Suffolk,
Republican.
Clinton,
Plattsburgh,
Democrat.
Welles, Samuel R., ..
Wendover, S. H......
Waterloo,
Democrat.
2
Columbia,
Stuyvesant,
Republican.
2
White, Marshall F.,
Rensselaer, ...
Hoosick Falls,...
Republican.
2
Wllber, Mark D.,
Dutchess,
Poughkeepsie, ...
Republican.
2
Williams, William,
Wilson, William B.,
Woltman, Henry, ...
Erie,
Buffalo,
Democrat.
?
Queens
Astoria •
Democrat.
12
New York,
New York city,..
Democrat.
8
Wood, Abner I., . ..
Republican.
Republican.
1
Wood, Daniel P.,
Onondaga,
Rensselaer, ...
3
Wooster, Eleazer, ...
Poestenkill,
Republican.
Wyeth, Nathaniel J.
Richmond, ...
New Dorp,
Democrat.
1
Younglove, T. G.,
Saratoga,
Republican.
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA UBRARY