A list of the fishes of Hawaii : with notes and descriptions of new species

MEMOIRS

CAENEGIE MUSEUM

Vol. X. No. 1.

A LIST OF THE FISHES OF HAWAII, WITH NOTES AND
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

By David Starr Jordan and Eric Knight Jordan.

(Plates I-IV).

The senior author of this paper spent most of the month of August, 1921, at
Honoluki in attendance upon the Pan-Pacific Educational Conference. While
there, he gave all available time to making collections of fishes, having the efficient
assistance of Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., a former student of his, who visited the
markets daily. The collections made have been distributed among a number of
museums. The Carangida' have been sent to the American Museum of Natural
History in New York to be used in a monograph of that group by Mr. John Tread-
well Nichols; the types of new species have been sent to the Carnegie Museum in
Pittsburgh; and series of other species, more or less complete, to the American
Museum of Natural History, the Carnegie Museum, the Southwestern Museum
at Los Angeles, and to the Universities of Michigan and of Iowa.

In addition to notes on new and rare forms we have given a complete list of
the species thus far known from Hawaii, the whole serving as a revision of the two
memoirs on the Aquatic Resources of the Hawaiian Islands, published by the
United States Fish Commission in 1905, the first by David Starr Jordan and
Barton Warren Evermann on the survey of the shore-fishes made in 1901;* the
other by Charles Henry Gilbert on the deep-sea forms taken by the "Albatross"
in 1902.t

*Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1903 (1905), Vol. XXIII, Pt. I, pp. l-''74.
Ubidem, Pt. II, pp. 575-713.

2 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

In the memoir by Jordan and Evermann will be found an account of the
earlier explorations of the islands, as well as a detailed statement of the character
of the fish-fauna and its relation to that of the South Seas.

Descriptions of species, notes on habits, and references to synonj^my, where
accurately given by Jordan and Evermann or by Gilbert, are in general not repeated
in the following paper. The student who is using the present list is presumed to
have the other two lists at hand, and references to their pages are given throughout
this list.

The principal articles upon the Hawaiian fish-fauna, published since the two
above-named papers appeared, are the following:

1. Jordan (David Starr) and Scale (Alvin) — "The Fishes of Samoa, with a Check-

list of the Fishes of Oceania," published by the United States Bureau of Fish-
eries, 1906.

2. Bryan (William Alanson) — "Three New Haioaiian Fishes." Occasional Papers

of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, II, 1906.

3. Jordan and Snyder (John Otterbein) — "Notes on Fishes of Hawaii, with De-

scriptions of New Species." Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries
for 1906 (1907).

4. Gilbert (Charles Henry) — "The Lantern-fishes." Memoirs Museum Compara-

tive Zoology, XXVI, 1908.

5. Jordan and Dickerson (Mary Cj-nthia) — "On a Collection of Fishes from Fiji,

with Notes on Certain Hawaiian Fishes." Proceedings U. S. National Mu-
seum, XXXIV, 1908.

6. Jordan and Metz (Charles William) — "Descriptions of Tivo New Species of

Fishes froyn Honohdu, Hawaii." Proceedings U. S. National Museum,
XLII, 1912.

7. Jordan (David Starr) — "Description of Deep-sea Fishes from the Coast of Hawaii

Killed by a Lava-flow from Manna Loa." Proceedings U. S. National Mu-
seum, LIX, 1921.

JORDAN AND JORDAN! FISHES OF HAWAII. d

THE FISHES OF HAWAII.
Class LEPTOCARDII.
Order CIRROSTOMI.

Family I. BRANCHIOSTOMID^ (The Lancelets).
Amphioxides Gill.

1. Amphioxides pelagicus (Cilinther). (J. & E., ]). 33.)

Pelagic. This diminutive lancelet, supposed to be distinguished by the
absence of buccal cirri and l)y its pelagic habit, is now regarded as a larval form.
The supposed genus is nearer Branchiostoma than Epigonichthys (Asymmetron),
the only other genus of this family as yet found in the open Pacific.

Class ELASMOBRANCHII.
Order ASTEROSPONDYLI.

Family II. SCYLLIORHINID.E.
Apristurus Garman.

2. Apristurus spongiceps (Gilbert). (Gilbert, p. 579.)

Deep seas. This species is referred by Garman to Pristiurus, which genus is
characterized by a row of prickly scutes along the upper side of the tail. These
are not present in Gilbert's type, though perhaps they may have been lost in the
dredge. A cast in the Bishop Museum may belong to this species. Color plain
light brown; dorsal fins small, subequal, the first slightly in advance of ventrals.
The name Catulus is preoccupied in the Insecta.

Family III. GALEORHINID^.

( Carcharhinidce of authors.)

Galeorhinus Blainville.

(Eugaleus Gill.)

Amid the uncertainties regarding the appHcation of the generic names Galeus
Rafincsque and Carcharias C'uvier, we here follow the decision of the Interna-
tional Commission of Nomenclature.

3. Galeorhinus japonicus (Miiller and Henle). (J. & E., p. 36.)

Recorded from Laysan by Steindachner. Not rare in Japan.

4 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Galeocerdo MuUer and Henle.

4. Galeocerdo tigrinus Miiller and Henle. (J. & E., p. 36.)

Rare. Taken once in Honolulu.

Prionace Cantor.
{Prionodon Miiller and Henle, preoccupied; Cynocephalus (Klein) Gill.)

5. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus). (J. & E., p. 37.)

Occasional in Japan. A cast in the Bishop Museum shows the pectoral fin
rather longer than in the Atlantic P. glauca. A specimen taken by the "Albatross"
agrees with this, the pectoral being 4.5 in total length, instead of 6.25.

Carcharinus Blainville.
{Eulamia Gill.)

6. Carcharinus melanopterus (Quoy and Gaimard). Mano. (J. & E., p. 38.)

A fine cast of this common species is in the Bishop Museum.

7. Carcharinus phorcys (Jordan and Evermann). (J. & ^., p. 39.)

Occasional about Hawaii.

8. Carcharinus insularum (Snyder). (J. & E., p. 40.)

Rather rare.

9. Carcharinus nesiotes (Snj^der). (J. & E., p. 40.)

Common about Hawaii.

Family IV. SPHYRNID^ (Hammer-head Sharks).
Sphyrna Rafinesque.

10. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus). Mano kihikihi. (J. & E., p. 41.)

The common "Hammer-head" needs comparison with its fellows in the
Atlantic.

Family V. ALOPIID^ (Thresher-sharks).

Alopias Rafinesque.

11. Alopias vulpes (Gmehn). (J. & E., p. 42.)
Not common.

Family VL LAMNID^ (Mackerel-sharks).

IsuROPSis Gill.

12. Isuropsis glauca (Miiller and Henle). (J. & E., p. 43.)

Not rare. This shark, with others, needs comparison with Atlantic repre-
sentatives.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. O

Carcharodon Miiller and Henle (Man-eaters, or Great White Sharks).

13. Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus). Niuhi.
Probably not rare .

Family VII. SQUALID.E (Dog-fishes).

Squalus Linnaeus.

(Acanthias Risso.)

14. Squalus mitsikurii Jordan and Snyder. (J. & E., p. 45; G., p. 580.)
Not rare. A common Japanese species.

Etmopterus Rafinesque.
(Spinax Cuvier.)

15. Etmopterus villosus Gilbert. (G., p. 580.)

Deep seas. Taken off Molokai by the "Albatross."

Centroscyllium MiiUer and Henle.

16. Centroscyllium ruscosum Gilbert. (G., p. 580.)

Deep seas. Taken off Kauai by the "Albatross"; identified by Garman with
C. nigrum Garman from off the Galapagos.

Order BATOIDEI.

Family VIII. DASYATID^ (Sting-rays).

Dasyatis Rafinesque.

{Trygon Adamson; Dasibatus Garman, corrected spelling.)

17. Dasyatis sclera Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 47.)
Rather common at Honolulu.

18. Dasyatis lata (Garman). (J. & E., p. 47.)
One specimen known.

19. Dasyatis hawaiiensis Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 48.)
Only the type known.

Family IX. MYLIOBATID.E.

Aetobatus Blainville, as revised by MuUer and Henle.

{Stoasodon Cantor; Goniobatis Agassiz.)

20. Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen) Hihimdnu. (J. & E., p. 49.)

This species, rather common in Hawaii, seems indistinguishable from the
Atlantic form.

6 . MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family X. MOBULID^ (Devil-rays).

MoBULA Rafinesque.
(Cephalopterus Dumeril, name preoccupied.)

21. Mobula japonica (Mliller and Henle). (J. & E., p. 50.)

Class HOLOCEPHALI.

Order CHIM^ROIDEI.

Family XL CHIMiERID^.

Chimera Linnaeus.

22. Chimaera purpurescens Gilbert. (G., p. 582.)
Deep seas. Dredged off Kauai.

Class PISCES.

Order ISOSPONDYLI.

Family XII. ELOPID^ (Ten-pounders).

Elops Linnaeus.

23. Elops hawaiiensis Regan. Awa. (J. & E., p. 53.)

Regan has shown that Elops saurus Linnaeus, the common "Tenpounder" of
the western Atlantic, is not really cosmopolitan, as supposed, but must be separated
into several closely related species, of which the abundant Hawaiian form is one.

Family XIII. ALBULID^ (Lady-fishes).

Albula (Gronow) Scopoli.

(Butyrinus Lacepede.)

24. Albula virgata sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. Oio. (J. & E., p. 55.) (PI. I,

fig. 1.)

Type No. 3896, Carnegie Museum, from Honolulu. 15.75 inches long.

The common Oio of the markets of Hawaii differs markedly in color from
Albula imlpes of the American coasts, as well as from all of the nominal species of
the genus hitherto described. All of these are brilliantly silvery, with only vague
dark lines or stripes. The Hawaiian fish is dusky, marked with distinct stripes
much like the markings on a Striped Mullet {Mugil Cephalus).

Head 3.33 in length; depth 4.33; dorsal rays 16; anal rays 8; scales 9-72-7;
body elongate, moderately compressed; u]5per lobe of caudal somewhat the longer;

JORDAN AND JORDAN! FISHES OP HAWAII. /

a broad band of elongate, membranaceous scales along middle line of back; acces-
sory ventral scale large.

Color dusky olive, silvery below; a series of dark stripes extending lengthwise
of the body, these mainly between the rows of scales, those below the lateral line
fainter; dark lines above lateral line; below the lateral line the stripes composed
of stipplings of black dots; tip of snout black in color, forming a broken ring; a
httle black around nostrils; some faint dark blotches on head; all the fins finely
dotted; dorsal and caudal narrowly rimmed with black.

Very common about Honolulu and Hilo, mostly inside the reefs.

The genus Albula is widely distributed in most warm seas, only the Mediter-
ranean being excei^ted. Valenciennes recognizes several distinct species, but all
recent writers have regarded all the forms as belonging to one species, no tangible
differences in form, scales, or fins being evident. However, specimens from both
coasts of America are brilliantly silvery without dark spots, and all the nominal
species from the Red Sea, the East Indies, and the South Seas are also described
as bright silvery. On the contrary all Hawaiian examples are dusky, with strong
stripes along the sides.

Family XIV. CHANID.E. .

Chanos Lacepede.

25. Chanos chanos (Forskal). Awa-awa, Aivakalamoku, Puawa. (J. &E.,p. 56.)
Valenciennes has indicated this common Hawaiian species under the name

Chanos cyprinella, but we know of no characters to separate it from C. chanos of
the Red Sea.

Family XV. DUSSUMIERIID.E (Round Herrings).
Etrumeus Bleeker.

26. Etrumeus micropus (Temminck and Schlegel). Makiawa. (J. & E., p. 58.)
We have been unable to separate this species, which is not very common in

Hawaii, from its fellow in Japan. The CaUfornian species, Etrumeus othonops
(R. S. Eigenmann), taken but once, and referred to a different genus, Perkinsia,
may be different. It is a singular fact that none of the true herrings, Clupeidce,
occur about Hawaii.

8 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family XVI. ENGRAULID.E (Ancho^des).

Stolephorus Lacepede.

(Anchoviella Fowler.)

I have given elsewhere ("Genera of Fishes," p. 169) my reason for following

Bleeker in the application of the name Stolephorus to an Anchovy (Anchoviella)

rather than to a Round Herring (Spratelloides) . The genus Anchovia Jordan

and Evermann is distinct from Stolephorus, which includes most of the tropical

anchovies.

27. Stolephorus purpureas Fowler. Nehu. (J. & E., p. 60.)
A common little fish used as bait.

Family XVII. STOMATIDiE.

Leptostomias Gilbert.

28. Leptostomias macronema Gilbert. (G., p. 607.)
Deep sea, off Niihau.

Family XVIII. ASTRONESTHID.E.

AsTRONESTHES Richardsou.

29. Astronesthes lucifer Gilbert. (G., p. 605.)
Deep sea off Kauai.

Family XIX. GONOSTOMID.E.

Cyclothone Goode and Bean.

30. Cyclothone rhodadenia Gilbert. (G., p. 602.)
Deep sea, Kaiwi Channel.

31. Cyclothone canina Gilbert. (G., p. 604.)
Deep sea off Kauai.

32. Cyclothone atraria Gilbert. (G., p. 605.)
Deep sea off Kauai.

Family XX. MAUROLICID^.

Argyripnus Gilbert and Cramer.

33. Argyripnus ephippiatus Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 601.)

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 9

ViNCiGUERRiA Jordan and Evermann.
(Zalarges Jordan and Williams, Proc. Cal. Ac. 8ci., 1895, p. 793.)

34. Vinciguerria nimbaria (Jordan and Williams).

Pelagic. Northeast of Hawaii.

Family XXI. STERNOPTYCHID.E.

Stern oPTix^ Hermann.

35. Sternoptix diaphana Hermann. (G., p. 609.)
Deep seas. Widely distributed.

Polyipnus Giinther.

36. Polyipnus nuttingi Gilbert. (G., p. 609.)
Deep sea.

Argyropelecus Cocco.

37. Argyropelecus heathi Gilbert. (G., p. 601.)

Deep sea. Kauai Channel.

DiPLOPHOs Giinther.

38. Diplophos pacificus Giinther.
Deep sea, mid Pacific.

Family XXII. HALOSAURID.E.

Aldrovandia^ Goode and Bean. (1895.)

(Halosatiropsis CoUett, 1896.)

39. Aldrovandia kauaiensis Gilbert. (G., p. Oil.)

Deep sea off Kauai.

40. Aldrovandia verticalis Gilbert. (G., p. 611.)

Deep sea off Kauai.

41. Aldrovandia proboscidea Gilbert. (G., p. 612.)

Oahu and JMolokai.

Family XXIII. SYNODONTID.E (Lizard-fishes).
Trachinocephalus Gill.

42. Trachinocephalus limbatus Eydoux and Souleyet. Kawelea, Welea. (J. &

E., p. 62.)

This fish, generallj^ common in the Pacific, requires to be compared with
Trachinocephalus myops of the Atlantic.

■ Usually corrected to Sternoplyx.

' The name Aldrovandia apparently has priority over II(dosaiiri)p.';is.

K.

10 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Synodus (Gronow) Scopoli.
(Satirus Cuvier.)

43. Synodus varius (Lacepede). Ulae. (J. & E., p. 63.)
Ver,y common in shallow water. The color is very variable.

44. Synodus kaianus (Glinther). (G., p. 588.)
Deep sea. Taken by the "Albatross" off Maui.

Saurida Cuvier and Valenciennes.

45. Saurida gracilis (Quoy and Gaimard) . Ulae. (J. & E., p. 65; G., p. 589.)
Common over coral sand.

Family XXIV. CHLOROPHTHALMID^.
Chlorophthalmus Bonaparte.

46. Chlorophthalmus proridens Gilbert and Cramer. (J. &E., p. 66; G., p. 589.)
Deep sea. Common.

Family XXV. BATHYPTEROID^.
Bathypterois Glinther.

47. Bathypterois antennatus Gilbert. (G., p. 590.)
Taken by the "Albatross" off Kauai.

Family XXVI. PARALEPIDID.E.
Lestidium Gilbert.

48. Lestidium nudum Gilbert. (G., p. 607.)
Deep sea, off Molokai.

Family XXVII. MYCTOPHID.E.

Neoscopelus Johnson.

49. Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson. (G., p. 601.)

Neoscopelus alcocki Jordan and Starks.

Pelagic, widely distributed. According to Gilbert Japanese and Hawaiian
specimens are wholly identical with the original Atlantic form, Neoscopelus macro-
lepidotus Johnson, from Madeira.

Dasyscopelus Glinther.

50. Dasyscopelus pristilepis Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 600.)
Pelagic, Hawaii to Marquesas.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OP HAWAII. 11

51. Dasyscopelus spinosus f Steindachner) . (G., p. 599.)
Pelagic, Hawaii and southeast.

Rhinoscopelus Llitkcn.

52. Rhinoscopelus tenuiculus Garman.
Pelagic, open seas, southeast of Hawaii.

Myctophum Rafinesque.

53. Myctophum fibulatum Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 596.)
Pelagic, Pailolo Channel between Maui and Molokai.

54. Myctophum afiine (Llitken). (G., p. 596.)
Myctophum. nitidulum Garman.
Myctophum margaritatum Gilbert.
Rhinoscopehi's oceanicus Jordan and Evermann,
Pelagic, widely diffused.

55. Myctophum evermanni Gilbert. (G., p. 597.)
Pelagic, Hawaii to INIarquesas.

56. Myctophum reinhardti Brauer. (G., p. 598.)
Myctophum braueri Gilbert, non Lonnberg.
Myctophum hietkeni Gilbert (on plate).
Pelagic, widely diffused throughout the tropics.

57. Myctophum hoUandi sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. (PI. I, fig. 2.)
Type No. 3897, Carnegie Museum. From Honolulu.

Head 3.33 in length; depth 4.25; eye 3 in head; snout 6; maxillary 1.5;
dorsal rays 1.12; anal rays 1.17; scales 3-35-5; thirty-four photophores on each
side. Body moderately elongate, deepest at the occiput, as usual in this group;
eye very large; snout very short; mouth large, oblique; jaws even; maxillary
rather broad, extending beyond ej'e nearly to margin of preopercle. Scales rather
large; lateral line well developed.

Photophores not divided by cross-hne; using the nomenclature of Brauer's
Tiefseefische, p. 155, they are arranged as follows:

Pectoral photophores (maculce pectorales PO) five, four in a continuous series,
the last one higher; Suprapcctorales (PLO) one, close to gill-opening and to lateral
line; Subpectoralea (PVO) two, one near lower axil of pectoral, the other a httle
lower, near gill-opening; Ventrales (VO) three, in a right line between ventrals and
vent; Anales (AO) six, six in. a right line wdth a vacant space equal to one spot
above last rays of anal; Posterolaterales (Pol) one, just below lateral line and over

12 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

space in anal series; Precaudales (Pre) one, close to lateral line on level of postero-
lateral spot; Supra-anales (SAO) three, the upper close to lateral line, the two
below out of line, a very obtuse angle at the middle one; Supraventral (VLO)
wanting; Opercular (OP) two, close on edge of preopercle, both below upper base
of pectoral; Mandibular (Brr) three, in a right line; Antorhital (Antorb.) none, no
suborbital or postorbital spots.

Dorsal fin high, its first ray equal to depth of body below it; adipose fin small;
caudal deeply forked, its lobes 1.4 in head; anal fin rather long, falcate, its edge
concave, its longest ray five-sixths height of dorsal, 1.8 in head; pectorals very
long, reaching anal, as long as head; ventrals inserted just before dorsal, 2.4 in head.

Color blackish, paler below the luminous spots ringed with black.

A single example, 4.25 inches in length, was found in good condition by Mr.
Grinnell in the market at Honolulu, perhaps a spewing from some large fish.

The species is related to MyctopJmm hraueri as described by Gilbert (Myc-
tophum reinhardti Liitken) but has the anal shorter and the anal photophores fewer.

According to Gilbert [The Lantern-fishes, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXVI,
1908, p. 219), Myctophum reinhardti Liitken is based on two examples. The one
figured by Liitken with fourteen dorsal rays and twenty-four anal rays is regarded
as the type. This is from the tropical Atlantic. Gilbert observes: "Liitken's
fin-counts were taken from the second specimen, which belongs to a species which
remains undescribed." It is very likely identical with M. hollandi.

Centrobranchus Fowler.

58. Centrobranchus choerocephalus Fowler. (G., p. 594.)
Pelagic, widely distributed.

59. Centrobranchus gracilicaudus Gilbert. (G., p. 595.)
Pelagic, off Niihau.

DiAPHUs Eigenmann and Eigenmann.

60. Diaphus urolampus Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 591.)
Pelagic, off Kauai.

61. Diaphus chrysorhynchus Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 592.)
Pelagic, off Oahu and Molokai.

62. Diaphus adenomus Gilbert. (G., p. 592.)
Pelagic, Kaiwi Channel.

Lampanyctus Bonaparte.

63. Lampanyctus omostigma Gilbert.

Pelagic, southeast of Hawaii.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 13

Nannobrachium Glinther.

This genus is closely allied to Lampanyctus Bonaparte, Nyctimaster- being
distinguished bj- not having enlarged scales along the lateral line. It is distin-
guished from Nannobrachium by the verj' small pectorals of the latter.

64. Nannobrachium nigrum Giinther. (G., p. 591.)
Pelagic, south to the Philippines.

65. Nyctimaster reinhardti Jordan.

(Cf. Proc. U. vS. N. M., LIX, 1921, p. 645, fig. 2.)

The three known specimens of this species were killed in a lava-flow from
Mauna Loa into deep water off the southwestern coast of Hawaii.

Order APODES (Eels).
Family XXVIII. SYNAPHOBRANCHIDiE.

Synaphobranchus Johnson.

66. Synaphobranchus brachysomus Gilbert. (G., p. 583.)
Deep sea.

Famih' XXIX. LEPTOCEPHALID^.

(Congridce.)

Leptocephalus (Gronow) Scopoli.

{Conger Cuvier, adult form.)

67. Leptocephalus marginatus (Valenciennes). PuMuha. (J. & E., p. 76.)

Common in crevices of lava-rock.

68. Leptocephalus bowersi (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 77.)

Rather common. This species belongs to the subgenus Ariosoma Swainson
( Congrellus Ogilby) characterized by the feebler organization and the rather more
advanced dorsal fin inserted over the gill-opening. As in Leptocephalus (sens, sir.),
the teeth are all sharp.

69. Leptocephalus aequoreus (Gilbert and Cramer). ' (G., p. 589; J. & E., p. 77.)

Deep sea.

Veternio Snj'der.

70. Veternio verrens Snyder. (J. & E., p. 79.)

One large example from Honolulu.

Promyllantor Alcock.

71. Promyllantor alcocki Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 584.)
Deep sea.

14 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family XXX. MUR^NESOCID.E.

Rhechias Jordan.

72. Rhechias armiger Jordan.

{Cf. Jordan, Proc. U. S. N. M., LIX, 1921, p. 644, fig. 1.)
Off the southwestern coast of Hawaii, the tjqje killed in deep water by a lava-
flow from Mauna Loa.

Family XXXI. NETTASTOMID^ (Sorcerers).
Metopomycter Gilbert.

73. Metopomycter denticulatus Gilbert. (G., p. 585.)
Deep sea, off Kauai.

Family XXXII. NEMICHTHYID^ (Snipe-eels).
Nematoprora Gilbert.

74. Nematoprora polygonifera Gilbert. (G., p. 587.)
Deep sea, off Bird Island.

Serrivomer Gill and Ryder.

75. Serrivomer beani Gill and Ryder. (G., p. 586.)
Deep sea.

Stemonidium Gilbert.

76. Stemonidium hypomelas Gilbert. (G., p. 586.)
Deep sea, off Niihau.

Family XXXIII. OPHICHTHYID.E (Snake-eels).
Sphagebranchus Bloch.

77. Sphagebranchus flavicaudus Snyder. (J. & E., p. 80; G., p. 588.)
Occasionally taken.

Leiuranus Bleeker.
(Stethopterus Bleeker has line-prioritj^, but later Leiuranus was preferred by the
author.)

78. Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay and Bennett). (J. & E., p. 81.)
Warm parts of the Pacific. Rare about Hawaii.

Microdonophis Kaup.

79. Microdonophis fowleri Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 82.)
Rare, but three specimens known.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 15

Jenkinsiella Jordan and Evermann. ,

80. Jenkinsiella macgregori (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 82.)
One specimen from Maui.

Brack YsoMOPHis Kaup.

81. Brachysomophis henshawi Jordan and Snyder. (J. & E., p. 83.)

One large specimen from Honolulu.

Myrichthys Girard.

82. Myrichthys stypurus (Smith and Swain). (J. & E., p. 84.)
Johnston Island, one example known.

83. Myrichthys magnificus (Abbott). (J. & E., p. 84.)
Not seen since the original descrijition was written.

Callechelys Kaup.

84. Callechelys luteus Snyder. (J. & E., p. 86.)
One large example from Molokai.

Family XXXIV. MORINGUID^.

MoRiNGUA Gray.
(Raitaboura Gray has line-priority, but Moringua has been preferred by
revisers) .

85. Moringua hawaiiensis Snyder. (J. & E., p. 86.)
One example from Honolulu.

Family XXXV. MUR^NIDvE (Morays).
MuR^NA Linnaeus.

86. Muraena kailuae Jordan and Evermann. Puki kouila; Puhi oa. (J. & E.,
p. 88.)

The two nominal species, Murcena lampra Jenkins and Murwna kauila Jenk-
ins, seem to be color variations of this highly variable species, the body of which
is brown, marked by white spots, often dark-ringed and of various sizes and forms,
usually largest on the tail.

Enchelynassa Kaup.

87. Enchelynassa canina (Quoy and Gaimard). (J. & E., pp. 90, 91.)
Enchelynassa bleekeri Kaup.

Gymnothor'ax vinolentus Jordan and Evermann.

A very large Moray, found occasionalh' about Hawaii and Samoa.

16 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Gymnothorax Bloch.
(Lycodontis McClelland.)

88. Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott). (J. & E., p. 92.)
Hawaii, not seen since the original description.

89. Gymnothorax laysanus (Steindachner). (J. & E., p. 93.)
Not rare about Honolulu.

90. Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw). (J. & E., p. 94.)
South Seas, rare about Honolulu.

91. Gymnothorax steindachneri Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 101.)
Not rare about Honolulu.

92. Gymnothorax gracilicauda Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 94.)
Rare; possibly the young of G. steindachneri.

93. Gymnothorax ercodes Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 95.)
One known from Honolulu.

94. Gymnothorax berndti Snyder. (J. & E., p. 98.)
Rare about Honolulu.

95. Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepede). Pulii laumili. (J. & E., p. 98.)
The commonest INloray about Hawaii and especially ferocious.

96. Gymnothorax flavomarginatus (Rtippell). (J. & E., p. 99.)
Rather common.

97. Gymnothorax thalassopterus Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 99.)
Rare. Perhaps a variant of G. flavomarginatus.

98. Gymnothorax goldsboroughi Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 100.)
One specimen known.

99. Gymnothorax petelli (Bleeker). (J. & E., p. 100.)

{Gymnothorax leucacme Jenkins.)
Rather common and widelj^ diffused.

100. Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder. (J. & E., p. 97.)
Honolulu, one example.

101. Gymnothorax leucostictus Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 96.)
Two examples from Honolulu.

102. Gymnothorax waialuae Snyder. (J. & E., p. 97.)
One specimen from Waialua Bay, Oahu.

103. Gymnothorax hilonis Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 102.)
One example from Hilo.

104. Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder. (J. & E., p. 103.)
Only one example known.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 17

105. Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl). Puki kapa'a. (J. & E., p. 103.)
Common and varial^lc, widely diffused.

106. Gymnothorax xanthostomus Snyder. (J. & E., p. 104.)
Honolulu, rare.

EURYMYCTERA KaUp.

107. Eurymyctera acutirostris (Abbott). (J. & E., p. 105.)

Not seen since the original discovery; the species has been redescribed and
figured bj' Fowler.

Echidna For.ster.

108. Echidna zebra (Shaw). (J. & E., p. 106.)
Scarce about Hawaii; common in the South Seas.

109. Echidna tritor (Vaillant and Sauvage). (J. & E., pp. 106, 107, 108, 109.)
{Echidna obscura Jenkins.)

Abundant and excessively variable in color.

It is believed that the nominal species E. leihala Jenkins, E. psalion Jenkins,
E. zonata Fowler, E. vincta Jenkins, and E. zonopJuca Jordan and Evermann are
all variants of E. tritor, which is plain in color with a black spot at the angle of
the mouth. These are variously marked with dark cross-bands, scarcely any
two specimens being colored alike. The alleged differences in dentition need
verification.

110. Echidna nebulosa (Ahl). Piihi kdpa. (J. & E., p. 110.)
Common and widely distributed.

Uropterygius Riippell.
{Ichthyophis Kaup, preoccupied.)

111. Uropterygius marmoratus (Lacepede). (J. & E., p. 111.)
South Seas, scarce about Hawaii.

112. Uropterygius leucurus Snyder. (J. & E., p. 112.)
Only one specimen known.

ScuTicARiA Jordan and Snyder.

113. Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson). (J. & E., p. 112.)
South Seas, occasional about Hawaii.

18 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Order SYNENTOGNATHI.

Family XXXVI. BELONID^ (Needle-fishes).

Platybelone Fowler.

{Eurycaulus Ogilby, Proc. Royal Soc. Queensland, XXI, 1908, p. 91, type
Belone platyura Bennett, is preoccupied, and Platybelone Fowler, Jan., 1919, is
substituted. The gill-rakers are present as in Belone, the tail is broad, depressed,
and keeled.)

114. Platybelone platyura (Bennett). (J. & E., p. 122.)
South Seas. Not rare about Hawaii.

Tylosurus Cocco.

115. Tylosurus giganteus (Temminck and Schlegel) Aha aha; Aiiau. (J. & E.,
p. 124.)

This large Hawaiian fish requires to be compared with the original species
from Japan. Not rare in the open sea.

Ablennes Jordan and Fordice.
(Originally written in error Athlennes.)

116. Ablennes hians (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 125.)

It is very doubtful whether the rare Hawaiian form is identical with A. hians
of the West Indies.

Family XXXVII. HEMIRHAMPHID^ (HaK-beaks).
Hyporhamphus Gill.

117. Hyporhamphus pacificus ( Steindachner) . (J. & E., p. 126.)
Common at times.

Hemirhamphus Cuvier.

118. Hemirhamphus depauperatus Lay and Bennett. Me'eme'e; Iheihe.

Locally abundant.

Euleptorhamphus Gill.

119. Euleptorhamphus longirostris (Cuvier). Iheihe. (J. & E., p. 128.)
Not rare in the open sea.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 19

Family XXXVIII. EXOCGETIDiE (Flying-fishes).
FoDiATOR Jordan and Meek.

120. Fodiator rostratus (Gimther). (J. & E., p. 131.)

One example taken in Hawaii. The species seems to differ from Fodiator
acutus of the Panama region in the subvertical mouth and the shorter lower jaw
It is nearer Fodiator than Parexocoetus.

EvoLANTiA Snodgrass and Heller.

121. Evolantia microptera (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 130.)
Scarce about Hawaii.

Parexoccetus Bleeker.

122. Parexoccetus brachypterus Solander. Pukiku. (J. & E., p. 131.)
Very common, not exceeding seven inches.

ExoccETUS LinniEUs.
(Ventral fin short, median.)

Exocoetus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, p. 316. Tjqje Exocoettis volitans,
lately shown to be based on an example of the species called Halocypselus
evolans (Linnaeus).

Halocypselus Weinland, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1858, p. 385 {meso-
gaster = evolans = volitans).

123. Exoccetus volitans Linnseus. (J. & E., p. 132.)

By a confusion incident to correction of syonj'my the plate on page 133, Jordan
and Evermann, named "Exocoetus volitans,'^ represents the species sometimes
called by that name, = Exoccetus rubescens Rafinesque, not the true E. volitans,
which has short ventral fins.

ExoNAUTEs Jordan and Evermann.
(Anal fin not shorter than dorsal.)

124. Exonautes gilberti Snyder. (J. & E., p. 134.)

Rare. The species from near Samoa, identified by Jordan and Seale as
Exocoetus unicolor Cuvier and Valenciennes, figured on page 209 of the "Fishes of
Samoa," is very close to Exonautes gilberti and perhaps the same. In the speci-
mens of both, as figured, is the parasitic copepod Penella, to which a parasitic
barnacle (Conchoderma) is attached.

20 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Cypselurus* Swainson.

(Anal fin much shorter than dorsal; young (always?) with barbel at the chin.)

125. Cypselurus simus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Malolo. (J. & E., p. 134.)
The commonest large flying-fish about Hawaii, reaching a length of fourteen

inches. The pectoral fins are usually, but not always, spotted with black.

126. Cypselurus spilonotopterus (Bleeker). Malolo. (J. & E., p. 136.)
Cypselurus bahiensis Jordan and Evermann, p. 136; probably not Exoccetus

bahiensis Ranzani.
Usually common about Hawaii. A very large species, reaching twenty inches
in length. It is known in fife by its dark reddish-brown pectorals, which become
blackish in spirits. The dorsal fin is largely black. The species is most likely
distinct from the Atlantic form called C. bahiensis.

127. Cypselurus atrisignis Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 136.)
Rare. Dorsal fin with a large black spot.

Family XXXIX. MACROURIDiE (Grenadiers).
(Coryphsenoididse.)
Gadomus Regan.

128. Gadomus melanopterus Gilbert. (G., p. 658.)
Deep water off Kauai.

129. Gadomus bowersi Gilbert. (G., p. 659.)
Deep water off Bird Island.

Melanobranchus Regan.

130. Melanobranchus micronemus Gilbert. (G., p. 661.)
Deep water, Pailolo Channel.

Chalinura Goode and Bean.

131. Chalinura ctenomelas Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 662.)
Deep sea, very abundant.

Optonurus Giinthcr.

132. Optonurus atherodon Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 663.)
Deep sea; the most abundant member of the group.

* The International Commission of Nomenclature has decided that the spelling Cijpsilurus of
Swainson is to be regarded as a misprint.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 21

Hymenocephalus Giglioli.

133. Hymenocephalus striatulus Gilbert. (G., p. 665.)
Deep sea off Oahu.

134. Hymenocephalus aterrimus Gilbert. (G., p. 666.)
Kanai, in very decj) water.

135. Hymenocephalus antraeus Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 663.)

Deep sea, extremely abundant. A valid species, not to be confounded with
H. aterrimus Gilbert.

Macrourus Bloch.

(This genus, distinguished 1)}' the subinferior mouth, is merged into CorypJue-
noides by Hubbs.)

136. Macrourus ectenes Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 667.)
Deep sea. One specimen known.

137. Macrourus propinquus Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 667.)
Deep sea off Kauai.

138. Macrourus holocentrus Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 668.)
Deep sea off Oahu. One specimen known.

139. Macrourus gibber Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 668.)
Deep sea; frequent.

140. Macrourus burragei Gilbert. (G., p. 668.)
Deep sea off Oahu ; one specimen known.

141. Macrourus obliquatus Gilbert. (G., p. 670.)
Deep sea off Kauai. Only one specimen known.

142. Macrourus hebetatus Gilbert. (G., p. 671.)
Deep sea off Oahu, one specimen known.

143. Macrourus longicirrhus Gilbert. (G., p. 672.)
Deep sea off Kauai. Only the U-pe known.

Ccelorhynchus Giorna.

144. Ccelorhynchus gladius Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 673.)
Deep sea.

145. Ccelorhynchus aratrum Gilbert. (G., p. 674.)
Deep sea. Rather scarce.

146. Ccelorhynchus doryssus Gilbert. (G., p. 675.)
Deep sea. Occasional.

22 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Mat^ocephalus Berg.
(Coelocephalus Gilbert and Cramer; preoccupied.)

147. Mataeocephalus acipenserinus (Gilbert and Cramer). (G., p. 676.)
Deep sea. Common.

INIalacocephalus Giinther.

148. Malacocephalus hawaiiensis Gilbert. (G., p. 677.)
Deep sea off Oahu.

Trachonurus Giinther.

149. Trachontxrus sentipellis Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 679.)
Deep sea, frequent.

. Family XL. GADID^.

Antimora Giinther.

150. Antimora microlepis Bean. (G., p. 656.)
Deep sea off Kauai. An Alaskan species.

L^MONEMA Giinther.

151. Laemonema rhodochir Gilbert. (G., p. 657.)
Deep sea off Oahu. But one specimen kno■R^l.

Physiculus Kaup.

152. Physiculus grinnelli sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. (PI. I, fig. 3.)

Type: Xo. 3898 Carnegie Museum. Twelve and one-half inches long.
Found in the market at Honolulu.

Head 4 in length to base of caudal; depth 4.8; eye 4.66 in head; snout 4.66;
maxillary 2.16; barbel 4.5; height of first dorsal 2.5; length of ventral 1.16;
pectoral 1.33; caudal 2; dorsal rays 7-73; anal raA's 65; ventral rays 6; scales
6-127-26.

Body moderately elongate, deepest under the first dorsal, the tail rather
slender; head somewhat flattened, the profile depressed above the eye; mouth
moderate ; the lower jaw included ; the narrow maxillary reaching about to posterior
margin of e^-e; gill-rakers very short, blunt; eye moderate. First dorsal rather
low, one and four-fifths times as high as long; second dorsal moderate, co-
terminous with anal; caudal rounded. Ventrals reaching well past front of anal.
Scales small, smaller posteriorly and below; snout and lower jaw scaleless. Soft
fins with small scales; lateral line well developed. Color plain dusky, paler below,
edges of fins darker.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII.

23

This species requires to be compared with Physiculus japonicus Hilgendorf
from Tokyo. The following is the scanty description {Gesellsch. Naturforsch.
Freunde Berlin, 1879, p. 80) :

"Von der Gattung Physiculus sind bisher 3 Arten bekannt geworden; die
erste, Ph. dahvigkii KP. wieder von Madeira, ist von unserer durch folgende
Merkmale zu unterscheiden. Bei Ph. japonicus ist die Kopfliinge in der Kori erl.
(ohne Caud.) 5mal enthalten (bei P. Dalwigkii 4mal). Interorbitalraum gleich
dem vertikalen Augendurchmesser (statt kleiner), D. I. ist 1 1/3 mal so hoch als
lang (2 mal), und die Hohe unter halber Kopflange (gleich der halben), die Faden
der V. erreichen die A. (nicht). B. 7, D. 9/66, A. 73, V. 7. Die anderen beiden
Arten, von Cuba und Siidaustralien, sind durch die Flossenformal hinreichend
getrennt. Mus. Ber. No. 10624."

Order ZEOIDEA.

Family XLI. ZEID^E (John Dories).

Stethopristes Gilbert.

153. Stethopristes eos Gilbert. (G., p. 622.)
Deep sea, Pailolo Channel.

Cyttomimus Gilbert.
(The presence of six soft rays in the ventral fins indicates that this genus
belongs to the Zeidce rather than to the Caproidce.)

154. Cyttomimus stelgis Gilbert. (G., p. 624.)
Deep sea off Oahu; but one specimen known.

Fig. 1. Vesposus egregius Jordan. (Rei)roduced fruin Pruc. U. S. X. M., \'ul. .59, 1921, p. 050. ^

24 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family XLII. GRAMMICOLEPID^.

Vesposus Jordan.

155. Vesposus egregius Jordan.

(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LIX, 1921, p. 650.)

Deep sea off Hawaii; the type killed in overflow of lava from ^launa Loa.

Order CHONDRICHTHYES.
Family XLIII. ATELEOPID.E.

Ateleopus Temminek and Schlegel.
(Podateles Boulenger, there being already a genus Atelopus.)

156. Ateleopus pllcatellus Gilbert. (G., p. 653.)
Deep sea, Pailolo Channel.

Order HETEROSOMATA.

Family XLIV. PLEURONECTID.E.

PcEciLOPSETTA Gunther.

157. Poecilopsetta hawaiiensis Gilbert. (G., p. 679.)
Deep sea, Pailolo Channel.

T^NiopsETTA Gilbert.

158. Taeniopsetta radula Gilbert. (G., p. 680.)
Deep sea, Pailolo Channel.

Platophrys Swainson.

159. Platophrys mancus (Broussonet). (J. & E., p. 513; G., p. 684.)
{Rhomhoidichtkys pavo Gtinther.)

Occasionally taken.

160. Platophrys pantherinus (Riippell). (J. & E., p. 512.)
Generally common about Hawaii.

161. Platophrys chlorospilus Gilbert. (G., p. 684.)
Off Alaui in deep water.

162. Platophrys inermis Gilbert. (G., p. 685.)
Deep sea, Pailolo Channel.

163. Platophrys coarctatus Gilbert. (G., p. 686.)
Deep sea.

J

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 25

This species and tlic preceding, with the interorbital very narrow, diverge
considerably from the type of Platophrys.

Scoops Jordan and Starks.
(Platophrys Giinther, 7ion Swainson.)

164. Scaeops hawaiiensis (Jordan and Evermann). (J. & E., p. 514; G., p. 687.)

165. Scaeops xenandrus (Gilbert). (G., p. 687.)
Common in rather deep water.

166. Scaeops arenicola (Jordan and Evermann). (J. & E., p. 515.)

Among the large-scaled flounders known by the ver.y narrow interorbital, thus
approaching Engyprosopon Giinther, but the gill-rakers are very short, as in Scceops.

Anticitharus Giinther.

167. Anticitharus debilis Gilbert. (G., p. 683.)
Deep sea, Pailolo Channel.

Chascanopsetta Gilbert.

168. Chascanopsetta prorigera Gilbert. (G., p. 689.)
Deep sea, off Maui.

Pelecanichthys Gilbert and Cramer.

169. Pelecanichthys crumenalis Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 690.)
Deep sea.

Samariscus Gilbert.

170. Samariscus corallinus Ciilbert. (G., p. 682.)
Deep sea, off Alolokai.

Family XLV. CYNOGLOSSID^ (Soles).
Symphurus Rafinesque.

171. Symphurus undatus Gilbert. (G., p. 690.)
Deep sea, off Oahu.

172. Symphurus strictus (iilbcrt. (G., p. 691.)
Deep sea, ofT Oahu.

26 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Order XENOBERYCES.
Family XLVI. MELAMPHAID^.

• MelamphaEs Giinther.

173. Melamphaes unicornis Gilbert. (G., p. 615.)
Deep sea, off Kauai.

* Caulolepis Gill.

174. Caulolepis longidens Gill. (G., p. 616.)

Deep sea, perhaps distinct from the Atlantic form.

Order BERYCOIDEI.

Family XLVII. POLYMIXIID^.

Polymixia Lowe.

175. Polymixia bemdti Gilbert. (G., p. 616.)
Deep sea, off Oahu.

FamUy XLVIII. HOLOCENTRID.E (Squirrel-fishes).
HoLOTRACHYS Ginither.

176. Holotrachys lima (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 147.)
Common in Hawaii and throughout the South Seas.

OsTiCHTHYS (Langsdorf) Jordan and Evermann.
•177. Ostichthys pillwaxi (Steindachner). (J. & E., p. 147.)
Very rare. Two specimens know^n from Honolulu.

Myripristis Cuvier. (Freres Jacques.)

178. Myripristis multiradiatus Giinther. U'v. (J. & E., p. 149.)
Abundant about Ha^\•aii.

179. Myripristis chryseres Jordan and Evermann. Pauu.
Not rare about Hawaii.

180. Myripristis symmetricus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 151.)
Rather scarce.

181. Myripristis sealei Jenkins. (J. &E., p. 151.)
Not rare.

182. Myripristis murdjan (Forskal). U'u. (J. & E., p. 152.)

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 27

The commonest species of the genus, widely dispersed throughout the Pacific.
Myripristis herndti Jordan and Evermann, p. 153, is probably not distinct from
M. murdjan.

183. Myripristis argyromus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 154.)
One example known.

HOLOCENTRUS.

§ Holocentncs.

184. Holocentrus diadema Lacepede. Alaihi kalaloa. fj. & E., p. 159.)
Very common; one of the small species.

185. Holocentrus microstomus Giinther. (J. & E., p. 160.)
Rather scarce.

186. Holocentrus spinifer (Forskal). (J. & E., p. 161.)
Rare about Hawaii.

187. Holocentrus erythraeus Giinther. (J. & E., p. 161.)
Scarce .

188. Holocentrus punctatissimus Cuvier and Valenciennes. (J. & E., p. 162.)
A small fish generally common about Hawaii.

189. Holocentrus xantherythrus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 164.)
Common. The specific name of this species was rather unfortunately chosen,

as its pale stripes are white, not yellow. The yellow streaks are characteristic of
H. ensifer, for which the name was originally framed.

190. Holocentrus ensifer Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 165.)
Rather common .

§ Flammeo Jordan and Evermann.

191. Holocentrus sammara Forskal. fJ. & E., p. 155.)

Common, widely diffused. This species and the next belong to the subgenus
Flammeo, distinguished by the larger mouth and projecting chin, characters of
minor importance.

192. Holocentrus scythrops Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 157.)
Abundant about Hawaii.

Order AULOSTOMI.

Family XLIX. AULOSTOMID.E (Trumpet-fishes).

AuLOSTOMUS Lacepede.

193. Aulostomus chinensis (Linnseus). Nunu. (J. & E., p. 114.)

Common. The original description of "Fistularia chineyisis" Linnaeus in-
cluded two Asiatic references and the species is said to inhabit the East Indies.

28 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

The specific name chinensis should therefore remain with the Asiatic form, known
as Aulodonms valentini b.y some later authors.

Family L. FISTULARIID.E (Cornet-fishes).
FiSTULARiA Linnaeus.

194. Fistularia petimba Lacepede. (J. & E., p. 116.)
Abundant.

195. Fistularia serrata Cuvier. (J. & E., p. 116.)
Scarce about Hawaii.

Family LI. MACRORHAMPHOSID.E.
Macrorhamphosus Lacepede.

196. Macrorhamphosus hawaiiensis Gilbert. (G., p. 613.)
Off Laysan Island.

Order LOPHOBRANCHII.^

Family LII. SYNGNATHID^.

Microphis Kaup.

197. Microphis pleurotsenia (Giinther). (J. & E., p. 121.)
Rare. Off Honolulu.

Ichthyocampus Kaup.

198. Ichthyocampus erythraeus Gilbert. (G., p. 613.)
Off Molokai.

Family LIII. HIPPOCAMPID.E (Sea-horses).
Hippocampus Rafinesque.

199. Hippocampus hilonis Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 119.)
One example from Hilo.

200. Hippocampus fisheri Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 119.)
Scarce.

Order HYPOSTOMIDES.

Family LIV. PEGASID.E (Sea-moths).

Pegasus Linnaeus.

201. Pegasus papilio Gilbert. (G., p. 614.)
Bird Island, and off Hawaii.

^ Solenostomus cyanoplerus Bleeker has been reported from Hawaii in error.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 29

Order SELENICHTHYES.

Family LV. LAMPRID/K (iMoon-fishes).

Lampris Retzius.

202. Lampris regius (Jionnatorrc). (J. & E., p. 166.)

An example, six feet long, was once taken at Honolulu. It weighed 217 lbs.
The Honolulu "Star-Bulletin " in an issue early in 1922 reports the capture at a
depth of 1200 ft. of a second si)ecimen, weighing much less. It was taken thirteen
miles west of Oahu.

Order PERCOMORPHI.

Suborder PER CESOCES.

Family LVI. ATHERINIDiE (Silversides).

Hepsetia Bonaparte.

203. Hepsetia insularum (Jordan and Evermann). (,]. & E., p. 138.)

This little fish, common inside of the reefs, has the lower mandible straight,
not abi'uptly elevated liehind. It belongs, therefore, with most of the Pacific
"Silversides" to the genus Hepsetia.

Family LVII. MUGILID.E (Mullets).
MuGiL Linna!us.

204. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Ama-amn. (J. & E., p. 139.)

The commonest food-fish in Honolulu, and one of the best, being largely
reared in salt-water ponds. We have been unable to distinguish the Hawaiian
form from the Striped Mullet of Europe, and therefore let it stand und(>i- the
same name.

CHiENOMUGIL Gill.

(This genus differs from Chelon Rose of the Mediterranean by having both
jaws provided with ])a])illiform teeth.)

205. Chaenomugil chaptalii (Eydoux and Souleyet). Voiti'ui. (J. c\: E., pp. 140-
141.)

Myxus paciJiniK Steindachner se(>ms to be the young of this species.

Family LVIII. SPHYR.ENID.E (Barracudas).

Sphyr^na Lacdpcde.

§ Sphyrcena.

206. Sphyraena helleri .Jenkins. Kawalea. (J. & E., p. 143.)

A small sjiecies, not exceeding two fe(>t in length. f!eii(>rally conuuon.

30 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

§ Agriosphyrmna Fowler.
(Giant barracudas with large scales, less than ninety.)

207. Sphyraena snodgrassf Jenkins. Kdku. (J. & E., p. 143.)

This large and fierce Barracuda is common in the markets, and reaches a
length of six feet. The species requires to be compared with other large Barracudas
of the South Seas.

Suborder RHEGNOPTERI.

Family LIX. POLYNEMIU^ (Thread-fishes).

PoLYNEMUs Linnaeus.

(Polydactylus Lacepede.)

208. Polynemus sexfilis Cuvier and Valenciennes. Moi; Moi-lii. (J. & E.,
p. 144.)

Not rare at Honolulu.

Suborder PERCIFORMES.
Family LX. XIPHIID^.

XiPHiAS Linnseus.

209. Xiphias gladius Linnseus. (J. & E., p. 168.) ^
The common swordfish is occasionally taken at Honolulu.

Family LXL ISTIOPHORID.E (Spear-fishes).
Tetrapterus Agassiz.

210. Tetrapterus mitsukurii Jordan and Snyder. A'u.

This large spear-fish, originally described from Japan, but since found to be
abundant at Santa Catalina, may be seen every day in the Honolulu markets.
It is taken in the open sea to the southwestward by Japanese fishermen. We have
had no opportunity to compare Hawaiian specimens with those taken elsewhere.
Pectoral longer than dorsal lobe.

IsTioPHORUs Lacepede (Sail-fishes).
( HistiopJwrus of most recent authors.)

211. Istiophorus gladius (Broussonet).

A cast of an example six feet long is in the Bishop Museum. It is not certain
that the Atlantic form is really distinct from this. A photograph of the cast is
given in fig. 2.

J

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 31

Family LXII. SCOMBRID^ (Mackerels).
Pneumatophorl's Jordan and Ciilbert.
212. Pneumatophorus japonicus (Houttuyn). Opelu palahu. (J. & E., p. 169.)
This .small mackerel is ratlier rare about Hawaii. It needs comimrison with
the abundant geminate forms, F. japonicus of .Jai)an and P. dteyo from California.
P. colzas of Euro])e and P. (/rex of our Atlantic coast also differ slightly, though
all are very much alike. The "Chub-maekerels," Pneumatophoms, differ from the
mackerel of commerce, Scouihrr, in the development of the uir-hhulder.

Fid. 2. IslidplmrKs filiiilitis (Bniii.><f:oiiet). Frdin a cast in the Bcniicc Paualii Bishop Muscuiii. IIiuhiIuIh.

Attxis Cuvier (Frigate-mackerels).

213. Auxis thazard (Lacepede). (J. & E., p. 171.)

This pelagic fish recjuires to be compared with .1. rochei of the Atlantic and
A. tapeinosoma of Japan.

EiTTHYNNUS Liitken (Oceanic Bonitos).
(We let this genus stand until it can be comi)ared directl\- with dymnosarda
unicolor, the tyjx' of the aWivd genus Gytnnosarda.)

214. Euthynnus pelamis (Linna'us). Akv. (J. & E., p. 172.)

This fish of the open sea is now very abundant in the markets of Honolulu
and Kilo. It is extensively canned for commerce; more than any other species.
The flesh is red, rather coarse, and oily. The better species of this grouj) are not
put up in tins, their use as fr(\sh fish being more profitable. The best of them sell
at present at fifty cents a poujul in Honolulu. Th(> various forms of striped "Oce-
anic Bonitos" found in the warm parts of the Atlantic and Pacific need compari.son
one with another.

215. Euthynnus alleteratus (Rafine.s(iue). Kdwnkdwn. (J. & E., j). 173.)

Very common in the markets. The young are taken in nets in the shallow
waters of Hilo Bay. The flesh is paler than that of the .4A(/, and brings a higher

32 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

price; hence it is less frequenth' tinned. From two to six round black spots
appear in the adult fish along the sides of the breast. These are not shown in the
figure (No. 65) given by Jordan and Evermann._ The Pacific form should be
compared with true E. alleteratus of the Mediterranean.

Sarda Cuvier (Bonitos).

216. Sarda chilensis (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 175.)
Occasionalh' taken at Honolulu and canned with the Aku, packers making

no fine distinctions. This species is quite different from the Atlantic Bonito, Sarda
sarda, having the spinous dorsal always shorter. It is not quite certain that Sarda
Uneolata from California and Sarda orientalis from Japan are identical with Sarda
chilensis.

Thunnus South (Tunnies).

(Thynnus Cuvier; preoccupied.)

217. Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus.

The great Tuna, regarded as identical with the European, and which is abun-
dant about Santa Catalina Island, California, is not yet definitely known from
Hawaii.

218. Thunnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel).

A specimen seen in the market at Honolulu seemed distinct from the Cali-
fornian Tuna, having the finlets dull yellow instead of blue. According to our
notes the dorsal and anal lobes are high, the pectoral rather short, reaching two-
thirds distance to anal. Finlets all dull soiled yellowish. Belly with twelve
obscure pale cross-bars of grayish silver}^, narrower than the interspaces, replaced
bj' round spots above and below; smaller spots alternating with the bars; no clear
yellow on fins. The silvery markings are characteristic of the young of several
species of this group.

Germo Jordan (Albacores).

This group or subgenus differs from Thunnus only in the great length of the
ribbon-like pectoral fins, which reach at least to the front of the anal, two and one
half to three times in length of body. It should perhaps be merged in TInmnus.
The species of this genus are much in need of careful revision.

219. Germo macropterus Temminck and Schlegel. ^4/;^. (J. & E., p. 174.)
{Germo germo Jordan and Evermann.)

This species, found both in California and Japan, is now rather abundant in
the Honolulu markets. It reaches a weight of three hundred pounds. Dorsal
and finlets all bright lemon-yellow without dark borders. The sides have faint

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 33

elongate dull silvery spots, not cross-ljands. The dorsal and anal are very high
and falcate. The flesh is coarse and red, like that of the Aku, with which it is
often canned.

This species was recorded by Jordan and Evermann in 1901 as Germo germo.
It is brought in from deep water by the Japanese fishermen.

220. Germo sibi (Temminck and Schlegel).

Soft dorsal moderately elevated, its lobe shorter than snout. Pectoral long,
falcate, reaching to the second dorsal finlet. Finlets above bi'ight yellow bordered
by dark, the narrow margin white, the produced tips white; anal finlets all pale
with no yellow. Flesh dark. Sides without distinct silvery markings.

A large fish, frequently seen in the markets, and evidently distinct from G.
macroptervs and G. alalunga. It seems to be very near G. sibi of Japan, but its
identity cannot be positively decided without actual comparison of specimens.

221. Germo alalunga (Gmelin).

(? Scomber germo Lacepede = Thymms pacijlcvs C'uvier and Valenciennes.)
Another long-fin is occasionally taken with the others. U])on sui^erficial
examination it seems to be the same as the Californian Albacore, sui)posed to be
Germo alalunga. Finlets all blue with no trace of yellow. Pectoral very long,
reaching middle of dorsal lobe. Flesh pale. Weight twelve to fifteen pounds.
This may be Scomber germo of Lacei^edc (pacijicus C\ & V.), but the long descrip-
tions of that author reveal no jioints of difference and the color of the finlets is
not mentioned.

In Jordan and Evermann, "Fishes of North and Middle America," pp. 870-871,
in the account of Thunnus thynnus and Germo alalunga, the references to the flesh
of the two are accidentally transjiosed. The flesh of the Tuna (Thunnus) is
"coarse and oily"; that of the Albacore (Germo) is "excellent, that even of very
large individuals being of fine flavor."

222. Germo argentivittatus (C'uvier and Valenciennes).

Dr. Nichols tells me that a specimen sent by Dr. Evci-mann in 1920 to the
American Museum of Natural History corresponds to this sjiecies from "the
Indian seas." The color of the body, as stated by C'uvier and Valenciennes,
corresi)onds to that of Thunnus orienialis, but the long pectorals are said to be
three and one-half in the length of body, not seven, as in Schlegel 's account of
orientalis.

34 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

AcANTHOCYBiuM Gill (Petos).

223. Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Ono.

This large fish is now common in the market of Honolulu, being taken with
the hook in deep water thirty miles or more from the harbor bj' the Japanese.
The flesh is excellent, being too costly to be used for canning. Jordan and Thomp-
son have noticed that the Japanese form, Acanthocybium sara, is very distinct from
A. solandri. The Cuban Peto, A. petus Poey, is also different.

Brown, with narrow faint silvery cross-bars on sides. Teeth 75/60 on each
side, compressed, smaller inwards; pectorals a little shorter than maxillary.

The account of this species, given by Jordan and Evermann, is drawn from
a Cuban example of Acanthocybium petus. The Japanese fish, Acanthocybium sara,
called in Japan Okisawara, or "off-shore Sawara," has the teeth much larger, 18/20
on either side, the snout blunter, the bodj^ less slender. (See Jordan and Metz,
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VI, p. 27.)

The description copied by Cuvier and Valenciennes from Solander is not
distinctive, and no locality is assigned to the species. As Solander collected prin-
cipalh' about Tahiti, it is presumable that his species is the present. The huge
size of these fishes debars them from collections.

Family LXIII. GEMPYLID^ (Snake-mackerels).

RUVETTUS COCCO.

224. Ruvettus pacificus sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. Walu. (J. & E., p. 177.)
Type: No. 04314, U. S. N. M.

A single specimen, four and one half feet long, weighing fortj' pounds, was
obtained by Jordan and Evermann from Honolulu. This is the only record, so
far as we know, from the Pacific. This example we may take as the tj'pe of a
new species.

It is well described and figured by Jordan and Evermann under the name of
Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, but it differs from the Atlantic species in the number of
fin-rays (D. XII, 15, II; A. 16, II, instead of D. XV, 18, II; A. 17-11) and in the
deeper body, the depth being 5.4 instead of 6. It has been recorded from Japan.

Prometichthys Gill.
(Prometheus Lowe, preoccupied.)

225. Prometichthys prometheus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 178.)
Not rare in the open sea, occasionally brought into the markets. Our speci-
mens seem identical with others from Japan. The Pacific form, Prometichthys
solandri Cuvier and Valenciennes needs comparison with material from the Atlantic.

i

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 35

Gempylus Cuvier.
(Lemniso7na Lesson (1830). Gempylus Cuvier (1829) has priority.)

226. Gempylus serpens Cuvier and Valenciennes. Hauliuli puhi. (J. & E.,
p. 179.)

This rare fish is known from a painting at Hilo by Andrew Garrett and one at
Honolulu bj^ Mrs. J. B. Dillingham. Whether the Pacific form, G. thyrsitoides
Lesson, differs from G. serpens of the Atlantic we cannot tell.

Family LXIV. CORYPH^NID^ (Dolphins).
CoRYPH^ENA Linnaeus.

227. Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus. Mahihi; Mdhimdhi. (J. & E., p. 204.)
Now very common in the markets. Dorsal rays 54 to 58.

228. Coryphaena equisetis Linnaeus. (J. & E., p. 205.)
Recorded hx Bennett and bj^ Giinther. Not seen by us.

Family LXV. NOMEID^.
Ariomma Jordan and Snyder.
(It is not evident that this genus differs from Cubiceps Lowe of the Atlantic.)

229. Ariomma lurida Jordan and Snyder. (J. & E., p. 217.)

Pelagic. Two specimens from the mai'kets in Honolulu. Two casts of this
rare species of the open seas are in the Bishop Museum, from examples in much
better condition than the original types.

230. Ariomma evermanni Jordan and Snyder.

(Jordan and Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXVI, 1906, p. 209.)
Open sea. Only the tj-pe, from off Honolulu, is known.

Family LXVI. BRAMID.E (Sea-breams).
CoLLYBUS Snyder.

231. CoUybus drachme Snyder. (J. & E., p. 203.)

Open sea, scarce. Originally known from several young examples, some of
them from the stomach of a dolphin ( Corypluvna) . A cast of a large example is
in the Bishop Museum.

EuMEGiSTUS gen. nov. Jordan and Jordan.
Type: Eumegistus illustris Jordan and Jordan.

This genus is nearly allied to Rrama, differing in its much larger scales, which,
at least in the adult, are smooth, entirely without vertical ridge, or emargination.

36 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Teeth small, sharp, even, in broad bands, none on vomer or palatines. Lateral
line well developed. Each ray of dorsal and anal with a series of scales; these
fins falcate, the front lobe acute. Caudal deeply forked, the lobes acute. Pec-
torals long, falcate. Maxillary scaly. Snout and lower jaw naked. Gill-rakers
of moderate length, stiff and strong, not numerous, the number about X + 12, the
longest about half of eye.
232. Eumegistus illustris sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. (PL II, fig. 1.)

Type: No. 3899, C. M., Honolulu. Collector D. S. Jordan.

Head 3.4 in length; depth 2; dorsal rays III, 28; anal rays II, 20; ventrals
1,5; scales 9-58-22; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.5; maxillary 1.75.

Body broadly ovate, its outlines regular; an even curve from tip of snout to
dorsal, a similar curve below; caudal peduncle rather slender. Head mode ate,
high above eye; preorbital narrow; maxillary broad, its diameter at tip two-fifths
of eye, extending to below middle of the large eye; mouth very oblique, the lower
jaw heavy and projecting, its tip entering the profile. Preopercle entire, evenly
rounded; opercle without spine or angle; scales on head small, smaller about the
eye, lower jaw and forehead scaleless or nearly so. Scales on body thick, smooth,
without emargination or vertical ridge, those on sides much larger than those
along bases of dorsal and anal; each ray of dorsal and anal with a series of scales,
each scale broader than high; lateral line well developed, concurrent with the
back; a long sealy appendage at base of ventrals, the soft rays of which fin are
also scaly. Lobe of dorsal acute, 1.1 in head, 2.1 in depth of body; anal lobe 3
in depth; upper caudal lobe slightly the longer, 1.9 in depth in fin, deeply lunate,
with produced tips; pectoral reaching seventeenth dorsal ray, 1.6 in depth of bodj';
ventrals short, 3.5 in depth.

Color lustrous brownish black; the edge of dorsal and anal black above the
paler scales; posterior edge of caudal abruptly white; outer edges of pectorals and
ventrals also white.

The tj^je of this species is a single specimen found in the market of Honolulu.
It was about two feet in length, weighing nearly nine pounds. It was regarded as
one of the best food-fishes, selling at fifty cents per pound, but no one seems to
have ever seen it before. On account of its great bulk the senior author was
unable to take the fish as a whole, but only those parts which upon the plate are
delineated in detail. The white parts of this figure were left behind to be sold by
the dealer.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OP HAWAII. 37

Family LXVII. CARANGID^ (Cavallas).

The tropical species of this familj^ are widely spread and verj'' closely related
among themselves. Our collections from Hawaii have been sent to Mr. John T.
Nichols of the American Museum of Natural History to be used in a proposed
monograph of the grouji. The present list is therefore tentative, based mainly
on the account given by Jordan and Evermann, and liable after revision to undergo
considerable change. - A few indications given in a letter from Mr. Nichols are
here accepted, as also the identification of Caranx bixanthopterm made in an un-
published paper by Yosiro Wakiya.

ScoMBEROiDES Laccpedc (Leather-jackets).

233. Scomberoides tolooparah (Ri'ippell). Lae. (J. & E., p. 180.)

The species doubtfully listed under this name is common at Honolulu.

234. Scomberoides sancti-petri (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. «fe E., p. 181.)
Not common; the identification uncertain.

Naucrates Rafinesque.

235. Naucrates ductor (Lacepede). (J. & E., p. 182.)

Very rare. The Pacific form, Naucrates indicus (Lesson), needs comparison
with the pelagic form from the Atlantic.

Seriola Cuvier (Amber-fishes).

236. Seriola purpurascens Temminck and vSchlegel. Kahdla; Pdakahdla. (J. &
E., p. 183.)

Supposed to be identical with the Japanese species.

237. Seriola sparna Jenkins. Kahala opio. (J. & E., p. 184.)

Rare. One large specimen was seen in the market. It may be the same as
Seriola quinqucradiata of Japan. Color plain, without lateral stripes, and the fins
rather low.

Elagatis Bennett (Runners).

(I rex Valenciennes.)

238. Elagatis bipinnatulus (Quoy and Gaimard). (J. & E., p. 185.)

One fine specimen taken by us in Honolulu. I fail to find that the Atlantic
species, E. pmnatidus (Poey), differs from E. hipinnatidus of the Pacific.

Decapterus Bleeker.

239. Decapterus pinnatulus (Eydoux and Soulej'et). Opelu. (J. & E., p. 186.)
Verj' abundant in the Honolulu market in August. It is sometimes canned

as "Sardines."

38 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

240. Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck & Schlegel).

A large species of Decapterus is represented by two examples in our collection
from Honolulu. It has been sent to the American Museum of Natural History to
be studied by Mr. Nichols, who regards it as identical with D. maruadsi of Japan.
The lower jaw with very weak teeth, mouth otherwise toothless. Length eighteen
inches.

Selar Bleeker.

(Trachurops Gill.)
The genus Selar was based upon various slender species belonging to Trachurus,
Trachurops, and Atule of other writers. The first logot5rpe, chosen by Jordan
and Evermann, was Caranx hoops Bleeker. According to Fowler this is a species
of Trachurops. Selar must therefore replace the latter name.

241. Selar mauritianus (Quoy and Gaimard). Akule; Halalalu.

Trachurops crumenophthalma of authors; probably not the same as the latter,
which is an Atlantic species.

Atule gen. no v. Jordan and Jordan.

Type: Caranx affinis Riippell.

This genus has the form of Selar ( Trachurops) . Elongate, the back low,
without the peculiar notching of the shoulder-girdle distinctive of that genus, and
with the last ray of the dorsal and of the anal semi-detached, joined by a low
membrane to the rest of the fin. Like Selar and Caranx it has bony plates only
on the straight posterior part of the lateral line. Teeth in jaws slender, small;
vomer, palatines, and tongue with minute teeth. Atule (Akule in Hawaii) is the
common name of fishes of this type in Polynesia.

242. Atule lundini (Jordan & Seale). Amiika; Puakahdla. .(J. & E., p. 195.)

? Caranx affmis Ruppell, Neue Wirbelthiere, 1838, p. 49, pi. XIV, fig. 1. Red
Sea.

f Selar hasselti Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXIV, 1852, p. 53. Moluccas.

Decapterus lundini Jordan and Seale, "Fishes of Samoa," 1906, p. 229. Apia.

Very common at Honolulu. Mr. Nichols finds tangible differences between
the form in Hawaii and Samoa and the African affinis. He regards A. lundini as
a subspecies of A. affinis, of which hasselti is a synonym.

243. Atuiepolita (Jenkins). Maka. (J. & E., p. 194.)

A rare species at Honolulu, probablj^ referable to this genus, though deeper in
body than the type.

J

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 39

Caranx Lacepede.
(Tricroptems Rafinesque; C ar angu-s Girard.)
Under this name we include the Carangoid fishes with the teeth in the jaws
not in vilhform bands, teeth on vomer and palatines; back more or less elevated,
but not excessively so, and none of the dorsal spines filamentous. The group has
been further subdivided by authors, but not very successfully. The proper logo-
type of Caranx is yet to be determined.

244. Caranx ignobilis (Forskal). Pauu'u. (J. & E., p. 188.)
Carangus hippoides Jenkins.

This common and widely diffused species corresponds to Caranx hippos of the
Atlantic. It is known from related species by the presence of a small patch of
scales on the otherwise naked breast.

245. Caranx rhabdotus (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 193.)
Carangus rhabdotus Jenkirfs.

A small deep-bodied species, marked by dark cross-bars. Anal fin yellow.
It ascends into fresh waters. It has hitherto, perhaps correctly, been identified as
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard.

246. Caranx melampygus Cuvier and Valenciennes. Ulua. (J. & E., p.l91.)
Caranx bixanthopterus Riippell.

Caranx j or steri Jordan and Evermann, non Cuvier and Valenciennes.

This species, distinguished from C. ignobilis by the scaly breast, is one of the
most abundant and valued food-fishes of Hawaii. There, as elsewhere throughout
the South Seas, it is known as Ulua. It corresponds to Caranx laius of the Atlantic.
Pectoral fin bright yellow in life, anal dusky. It has been wrongly identified with
C.forsteri C. & V., a species with fewer fin-rays. Wakiya regards C. bixanthop-
terus as the same species. C. heberi has fewer fin-rays.

In the original description of this species it is said: Ce poisson parait d'ailleurs
avoir ete argente, et teint vers le dos d'un plombe verdatre; Les deux pointes de
ses nageoires sont noiratres, mais celle de I'anale plus que I'autre."

All this applies perfectly to the Ulua, but the dusky "Omilu" with the sides
sprinkled with small black points, could never have been described in this way.
Both the Ulua and the Otnilu ha\e dorsal rays in increased number— D. I. 23 or
24; A. I. 19 or 20. The Ulua is known in life by its dusky anal (hence inelam-
pygus) and its bright yellow pectoral.
247. Caranx marginatus Gill. (J. & E., p. 191.)

This species is very close to Caranx for steri, but apparently distinct.

40 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

248. Caranx elacate (Jordan and Evermann). (J. & E., p. 190.)
Only the type is as yet known.

249. Caranx stellatus Quoy & Gaimard. Omdlu; Omiliniilu. (J. & E.,p. 192.)
Caranx melampygus Giinther and 'recent authors generally (not C. melam-

pygus of Cuvier and Valenciennes).

Caranx pundatus Cuvier and Valenciennes (name preoccupied).

Caranx cceruleopinnatus Cuvier and Valenciennes (not of Riippell).

A staple food-fish, not inferior to the Ulna and reaching a much larger size
Specimens seen in the market at Hilo were five feet long. It is known by its dusky
coloration, the back and sides usually with scattered small black spots. This
species is rather common at Honolulu, and is readily known bj^ the traits men-
tioned above.

250. Caranx thompsoni Seale.

(Jordan and Evermann, "Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands," Addenda, p. 535.)
Honolulu. Only the t^q^e known.

251. Caranx dasson Jordan and Snyder.
Only the type known.

Uraspis Bleeker.

{Selenia Bonaparte, Cat. Method., 1843, p. 75. Type Caranx lima St. Hilaire
= Scomber guara Bonnaterre; Uraspis-Bleeker, Amboyna, V, 1855, p. 418 (caran-
goides). The name Selenia is preoccupied.

Teeth in the jaws very small, in one or two series, none on vomer or palatines.

252. Uraspis helvolus (Forster). (J. & E., p. 196.)

A very rare species, taken only once at Honolulu.

253. Uraspis cheilio (Snyder). (J. & E., p. 196.)

A peculiar species with depressed head, elevated back, and thick lips. De-
scribed from a single large specimen. A second was obtained by us in the Hono-
lulu market.

Carangoides Bleeker.
We retain this name for species with small teeth in villiform bands in the
jaws and on vomer and palatines.

254. Carangoides jordani sp. nov. Nichols (MS). Omilu.

We adopt the name proposed by Nichols for this common Hawaiian species,
hitherto, but certainty wrongly, identified with C. ferdau of the Red Sea.

255. Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker. (J. & E., p. 199.)
Not seen by us.

I

JORDAN AND JORDAN! FISHES OF HAWAII. 41

256. Carangoides evermanni Nichols.

One specimen placed in the hands of Mr. Nichols, who regards the Hawaiian
form as a subspecies of the preceding.

257. Carangoides ajax Snyder. fJ. & E., p. 200.)

A huge fish of peculiar form, notable for the small number of its fin-rays.
Taken but once in Honolulu.

Alec'tis Rafinesque.

258. Alectisciliaris (Bloch). Ulua kihikihi. (J. & E., p. 200.)
Not rare.

259. Alectis indicus (Rui)pell).

A huge example, over two feet long, looking different from the small ones
called ciliaris, was taken in the market. The relation of these two forms is yet
to be established.

Gnathanodon Bleeker.

Jaws toothless; small teeth on tongue.

260. Gnathanodon speciosus fForskal). Pdopdo; Ulua pauu. (J. & E., p. 197.)
Common in the markets of Honolulu, as well as throughout the South Seas.

Family LXVIH. KUHLIID.E (Seselcs).

KUHLIA Gill.

{Moronopsis Gill; Boulengerina Fowler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, p. 572.

Type Dules mato Lesson = Dules malo Cuv. & Val.)

§ Kuhlia.

261. Kuhlia malo (C'uvier and Valenciennes). Aholehole. (J. & E., p. 207.)
Common in all running streams and descending to estuaries. The Hawaiian

fish, called sandvicensis by Steindachner, needs further comparison with the original
malo from Tahiti. Although the name Dules mato of Lesson, 1830, has apparent
priority over Dules malo of Cuvier and Valenciennes, nevertheless the fact that
Lesson quotes the latter in synonymy with the correct page shows that his report
on the Voyage de la Coquille is later in date than Vol. VH of the Histoire des
Poissons. The reference to Boulengerina on p. 507 of Jordan's "Genera of Fishes"
is erroneous, and should be cancelled.

§§ Safole Jordan.
(Proc. U. S. N. ^L, 1912, p. 655. Type Dules ta;niurus Cuv. & Val.)

42 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

262. Kuhlia taeniura (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 208.)

Known from Johnston Island, south of Hawaii. Common about lava-rocks
in the South Seas; strictly marine. Kuhlia arge Jordan and BoUman from the
Galapagos is probably the same.

Family LXIX. APOGONID.E^ (Cardinal-fishes).
Pristiapogon Klunzinger.
Both limbs of preopercle serrate; gill-rakers numerous; dorsal spines usually
seven; scales large; caudal fin lunate.

263 » Pristiapogonmenesemus (Jenkins). Upapdlu. (J. & E., p. 215.)
Common about the reefs.

264. Pristiapogon snyderi (Jordan and Evermann). (J. & E., p. 214.)
Apogon frenatus Giinther, non Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Common about Hawaii.

265. Pristiapogon erythrinus Snyder. (J. & E., p. 217.)
Rare about the reefs.

Apogon Lacepede.
{Anna Gronow, 1763, not binomial. Not Amia Linnseus, 1766.)

§ OsTORHYNCHUs Lacepede.
Like Apogon proper, but with seven or eight dorsal spines, instead of six;
preopercle serrate on the posterior limb onl}'; lateral line complete; scales large
(about twenty-five) ; teeth on palatines ; gill-rakers numerous ; caudal fin more or
less lunate, not convex.

266. Apogon maculiferus Garrett. (J. & E., p. 212.)
A handsome little fish, common behind the reefs.

Lepidamia Gill.

267. Lepidamia evermanni (Jordan & Snyder). (J. &E.,p. 213.)
(Proc. U. S. N. M., XXVIII, 1905, p. 123.)

One specimen known from Honolulu.

FoA Jordan and Evermann.

268. Foa brachygramma (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 211.)
Scarce, on the reefs.

* \Ye \\\ay retain the name Apogon until tlie question of the adoption of Gronow's non-binomial
names, not validated by Scopoli in 1777, is finally settled.

JORDAN AND JORDAN! FISHES OF HAWAII. 43

Apogonichthys Bleeker.
Preoperclc entire; lateral line complete; teeth on palatines; gill-rakers
numerous; caudal lunate.

269. Apogonichthys waikiki (Jordan and Everniann). (J. & E., p. 210.)
A rare little fish, found on the reefs.

Synagrops Giinther.
(Melanostoma Steindachner and Doderlein. Preoccupied.)

270. Synagrops argyrea (Gilbert and Cramer). (J. & E., p. 218; G., p. G18.)
Deep sea. Rare.

Note.
The genera or subgenera allied to Apogon, some of them of questionable
value, are provisionally diagnosed in the following key:

a. Jaws without distinct c;ininc teeth.

b. Anal fin long, its rays about II, 16; preopercle entire; dorsal spines six; scales large, about

twenty-five; caudal fin forked (bleekeri) Archamia Gill.

66. Anal fin short, its rays usually II, 8.

c. Preopercle distinctly serrate on one or both limbs.
d. Caudal fin lunate or forked.

c. Preopercle di.stinetly serrate on both limbs; dorsal spines seven (frennlus).

Pristiapogon.
ee. Preopercle serrate on posterior limb only.
/. Vomer and palatines with teeth.

g. Scales large, about twenty-five.

/;. Dorsal spines six ()'((6fr); (.Imm Gronow; Monoprion yoey).

Apogon.
/(/(. Dorsal spines seven or eight {flcurieui) . . . Ostorhynchus Lac^pede.
gg. Scales small, thirty-five to fifty; dorsal spines six (kalosoina).

Lepidamia Gill.

ff. Vomer and palatines toothless {parvida) Brephamia^ Jordan.

dd. Caudal fin convex, its peduncle rather long; scales large; dorsal spines six '(fusca).

Nectamia Jordan.
cc. Preopercle rigidly entire on both limbs.
i. Caudal fin rounded.

j. Dorsal fins not connected at base.
A'. Palatines with teeth.
/. Lateral line complete.

m: Gill-rakers few and small, about six; profile before dorsal S-shaped,
concave above eye; dorsal spines six.
n. Scales small, about forty; tongue with small teeth (aprion).

Glossamia Gill.

' Brephamia geii. nvv., Jordan. Type Amia parvula Radcliffe. Differing from Apogon in having
no teeth on vomer or palatines.

44 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

M?7. Scales large, twenty-five to thirt.v-one (lunahis).

MiONORUS Krefft.
?/(»(. Gill-rakers numerous, twelve to fourteen; profile even; dorsal
spines seven.
0. Scales small, about fort.v-five (pandionis) .

Xystramia Jordan.
00. Scales large, about twenty-five (perdix).

Apogonichthys Bleeker.
II. Lateral line incomplete, imperfect or wanting on caudal peduncle. Gill-
rakers numerous; dorsal spines seven (hrachygramma).

FoA Jordan & E^'ermann.
kk. Palatines without teeth; lateral line incomplete; gill-rakers few, short; a
large black ocellus on opercle (aurita) .... Fowlbhia Jordan & Evermann.
jj. Dorsal fins joined at base; dorsal spines eight (oclospina).

Neamia Smith & Radcliffe.
a. Caudal fin lunate or forked; scales large; gill-rakers long and slender.

p. Lower teeth not enlarged; body much compressed, the back elevated; dorsal

spines produced (graeffi) ^ Zoramia Jordan.

pp. Lower teeth enlarged; body not greatly compressed; dorsal spines six, not pro-
duced (clitpeoides) Rhabdamia Weber.

aa. Canine teeth present; teeth on palatines; anal fin short, its raj's II, 8; lateral line complete; scales
large, about twenty-five ; caudal lunate.

q. Preopercle entire; dorsal spines si.x; body rather elongate (lineatus) . . Cheilodipterus Lacepcde.
qq. Preopercle more or less serrate; dorsal spines more than six.

r. Scales cycloid; dorsal spines about nine; gill-rakers numerous, about twelve.

s. Dorsal spines smooth; body more or less compressed (japonica) . .Synagrops Giinther.

ss. Dorsal spines anteriorly serrate (serratospinosa) Maccullochina" Jordan.

rr. Scales ctenoid; dorsal spines seven.

t. Lateral line anteriorly with a conspicuous row of enlarged tubules; gill-rakers few and

short (tubifcra) Siphamia Weber.

tt. Lateral line without enlarged tubules; gill-rakers numerous {grossidens).

Amioides Smith & Radcliffe.

Hynnodus Gilbert.
271. Hynnodus atherinoides Gilbert. (G., p. 618.)
Deep sea. Two specimens from Pailolo Channel.

ScEPTERiAs' gen. nov. Jordan and Jordan.

Type Scepterias fragilis Jordan and Jordan. (Vide infra.)

Allied to Epigonus Rafinesque and Hynnodus Gilbert.

Body elongate, fragile, not so slender as in Hynnodus, but more so than in

^ Maccullochina genus novum. Type Synagrops serratospinosa RadcliiTe, distinguished from Syna-
grops by the serrated dorsal spines. The name is propcsed in honor of Mr. Allan Riverston McCulloch
of the Australian Museum, one of the most accurate workers in systematic ichthyology now living.

^ From oKeTTTtpias = open-eyed, sceptical.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: PISHES OF HAWAII. 45

Epigonus; the mouth larger and the fins higher; teeth small, siibcqual; pro-
orbital narrow; maxillary narrow, naked, not slipping under preorbital; pores of
lateral line simple; a weak si)ine on ojiercle, head otherwise unarmed; dorsal fins
well separated, the first of seven slender sjiines, the second short, rather high,
nearly opposite anal; anal with two feeble spines; caudal deepl.y forked; ven-
trals below pectorals; both fins rather long; ventral rays I, 5. Scales moderate,
caducous.

This genus differs from Hynnodus in the deejier body, smaller scales, and
higher fins. Both g(>nera are plainly allied to Epigonus Rafinescjue of the Mediter-
ranean, and should constitute a subfamily, Epigoninoc, within the Apogonuke.

272. Scepterias fragilis sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. (PI. II, fig. 2.)

Type No. 3900 Carnegie Museum. Honolulu. Coll. D. S. Jordan.

Head 3.33 in length; depth 4.75; eye 2.5 in head; snout 5.33; maxillary 2;
dorsal rays VII, 1, 10; anal rays II, 9; scales 3-54-10.

Body elongate, the outlines relatively straight and jiarallel; head rather
broad above, the i)rofile even; mouth rather large, terminal, oblique; jaws
equal; maxillary narrow, naked, reaching nearly to middle of pupil, the tip not
sliiii)ing under the narrow preorbital; a row of small subequal teeth in each jaw,
a patch on vomer, no teeth on palatines; prcopercle entire, the rounded angle
somewhat produced; cheeks scaly; opercle scaly, ending in a short weak spine ;
gill-rakers a;*-|-14, rather long and very slender, about half diameter of eye; pseudo-
branchiae large. Scales moderate, thin, readily falling; lateral line well developed,
with large pores, concurrent with back, extending on caudal fin. Dorsal spines
slender, the third rather the longest, a little more than half the head, first spine
moderate, one-third length of the longest. Intersjiace between dorsals about one-
third head; second dorsal higher than long, its first ray two-thirds head; caudal
deeply forked, its lobes equal, pointed, two-thirds head; anal high, similar to soft
dorsal, but inserted a little farther back; pectoral pointed, reaching front of soft
dorsal, 1.33 in head; ventrals inserted just below i)ectorals, 2 in head. Substance
soft and fragile.

Color plain dusky, paler below, without markings; scales with fine i)unf't illa-
tions, inside of gill-cavity black. Length of type 4.G inches.

Four specimens were found in the Honolulu market, apparently s])e\vings of
some large fish, i)erhai)s Epinephelus or Etclis.

*Tlie letter .r indicates tiuit tiie iiunilicr is uncertain aiul not easily counted, as they dwindle in-
to rudiments above.

46 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family LXX. SERRANID^ (Sea-bass).
PiKEA Steindachner.

273. Pikea aurora Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 220.)
A rare and very handsome species.

Cephalopholis Bloch and Schneider.

274. Cephalopholis argus Bloch and Schneider. (J. & E., p. 221.)

A common fish in the South Seas, recorded but once from Hawaii by Quo3''
and Gaimard, and therefore perhaps doubtfully.

Epinephelus Bloch.
This genus, abundant in both the East and West Indies, is very scantily
represented in Hawaii.

275. Epinephelus quemus Seale. Hapu'u pu'u. (J. & E., p. 223.)
This large fish is now rather common in the markets of Hawaii.

Odontanthias Bleeker.
Of the Serranince none at all are found in the waters of Hawaii. The Anthiine
forms are, however, well represented.

276. Odontanthias fuscipinnis (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 225.)
Rather common at moderate depths.

PsEUDANTHiAS Bleeker.

277. Pseudanthias kelloggi (Jordan and Evermann) . (J. & E., p. 226.)
Rare; found in rather deep water.

Rhyacanthias Jordan.
(Proc. U. S. N. M., 1921, p. 647.)

278. Rhyacanthias carlsmithi Jordan.

Fig. 3. Rhyacanthias carlsmithi Jordan. (Reproduced from Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. .59, 1921, p. 647.)

I

i

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 47

From deep water, off the southwestern coast of Hawaii. The type killed by
a lava-flow from Mauna Loa.

Grammatonotus Gilbert.

279. Grammatonotus laysanus Gilbert. (G., p. 619.)
Deep water, off Laj^san.

Family LXXI. PRIACANTHID.E (Catalufas).
Priacanthus Cuvier.

280. Priacanthus alalaua Jordan and Evermann. Alalaua. (J. & E., p. 228.)
Rather scarce.

281. Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacepede). Aweoweo. (J. & E., p. 229.)

Very abundant. The Pacific form, Priacanthus carolinus Lesson, needs
further comparison with the West Indian P. cruentatus with which we have hitherto
identified it.

282. Priacanthus meeki Jordan and Evermann. Ulalanau. (J. & E., p. 231.)
Abundant. A food-fish of some importance. Near Priacanthus hamruhr

Forskal of the Red Sea.

Family LXXII. EMMELICHTHYID^. *

Erythrocles Jordan.
{Erythrichthys Temminck and Schlegel, name preoccupied.)

283. Erythrocles scintillans Jordan and Thompson. (Proc. U. S. N. M., XLI,
1912, p. 599.) (J. & E., p. 245.)

Rather scarce. This beautiful fish differs somewhat from its Japanese con-
gener, Erythrocles schlegeli. The genus Erythrocles is close to Emmelichthys Richard-
son, but probably distinct. Boaxodon cyanescens from Chile, having a broad scaly
maxillary, is closely related, but Inermia vittata from the West Indies and Diptery-
gonotus leucogrammicus from the East Indies cannot be placed in the same family,
having the maxillary narrow and naked.

Family LXXIII. HISTIOPTERID.E.
HiSTiOPTERUS Temminck and Schlegel.

284. Histiopterus typus Bleeker.

A cast of a fine specimen of this large fish, otherwise only known from Japan,
is in the Bishop Museum.

48 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family LXXIV. LUTIANID^ (Snappers).

All the Hawaiian species of this family belong to the aberrant group of Etelince,
distinguished in several ways from the typical members of the familj^, but es-
pecially by the scaleless dorsal and anal fins; and most of them by the broad
flattish cranium.

RoosEVELTiA Jordan and Evermann.

In this genus the bod.y is relatively deep, the canines strong, the tongue tooth-
less, and the pectoral falcate. The typical species was at first referred to Serranus
Cuvier, to which genus it bears little resemblance, and afterwards to Apsilus
Cuvier, to which it is closelj' related.

285. Rooseveltia brighami (Scale). UMkiki; Kalikali. (J. & E., p. 233.)

This beautiful fish, one of the handsomest found in Hawaii, light crimson in
color, marked with three broad golden cross-bands, is now common in the markets,
as the Japanese fishermen operate in deeper water than the Hawaiians, whom as
fishermen they have now succeeded.

286. Rooseveltia aloha Jordan and Snyder.
Known only from the original type.

Pristipomoides Bleeker.
(Platyimus Gill (vorax = niacrophthahnns) ; Bowersia Jordan & Evermann.)

We are unable to separate the Hawaiian species, called Bowersia, from the
East Indian genus Pristipomoides. The only difference of any importance is in
the slenderer body of the Hawaiian species. The West Indian form called Platyimus
is equally close, the body being a little deeper than in either of the others. Pristi-
pomoides sparus and P. microlepis seem to be genuine members of this genus.

Sparopsis Kner, referred to the synonymy of Pristipomoides bj^ Bleeker,
belongs to the Denticince and to the genus or subgenus Synagris {Anemura Fowler)
allied to Nemipterus. Pristipomoides has canines in both jaws ; no filamentous spines ;
no teeth on tongue; last ray of dorsal and of anal elongate; pectoral long, falcate;
scales relatively large, about sixty. This genus and the next are offshoots from
Aprion, to which both are closely related. The account of the teeth of Bowersia
violescens by Jordan and Evermann is not correct, as the tongue is toothless.

287. Pristipomoides violescens (Jordan and Evermann). Opakapaka. (J. & E.,
pp. 234, 236.)

Apsilus microdon, as described by Jordan and Evermann, is the young of this
species. Steindachner's fish was, however, Ulaula sieboldi.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAAA^AIl. 49

Ulaula Jordan and Thompson.

(Jordan and Thompson, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXXIX, 1911, p. 439. Type
Bowersia ulaula Jordan and Evermann = Cha;iopterus sieboldi Bleeker, the name
Chcetopterus preoccupied.)

In this group, or subgenus, there are no canines; tongue with small teeth;
pectoral falcate; mouth small. The name Ulaula, meaning "very red," belongs
properly to Etelis evurus.

288. Ulaula sieboldi (Bleckcr). A'odV. (J. & E., p. 237.)
(Aprion microdon Steindachner.)

This, like the preceding and the next two species, is a common food-fish of
Hawaii, and, having the same olive-gray color with jjurplish reflections, they are
often confused in the markets. We are not able to distinguish the Hawaiian form
U. microdon (Steindachner) from Japanese specimens of U. sieboldi = Chcetopterus
dubius Giinther.

Aprion Cuvier and Valenciennes.

Canines present; no teeth on tongue; pectorals very short; body elongate;
scales large. The synon^any of this genus, as given by Jordan and Evermann,
contains several errors.

289. Aprion virescens Cuvier and Valenciennes. Uku. (J. & E., p. 239.)

This species, one of the most abundant and highly valued of the Hawaiian
food-fishes, reaches a much larger size than the three just mentioned, attaining a
length of three feet or more.

Etelinus Jordan and Thompson.

(Jordan and Thompson, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXXIX, 1911. Type Etelis

marshi Jenkins.)

This genus has the notched dorsal and crimson colors of Etelis with the general
form and dentition of Pristipomoides. The resemblance of the genus to the Japan-
ese Doderleinia is extremely close, although the latter, having a broad scaly maxil-
lary, not slipping under the preorbital, must be placed in a different family in or
near the Serranida^.

290. Etelinus marshi (Jenkins.) Ulaula. fj. & E., p. 240.)
A common and valued food-fish.

Etelis Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Body elongate; dorsal deeply notched; caudal broadly forked; pectoral rather
short; canines present; no teeth on tongue. Color deep crimson.

50 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

291. Etelis evurus Jordan and Evermann. Ulaula. (J. & E., p. 242.)

This superb species, reaching a length of three feet, is now common in the

markets, being taken in rather deep water. It is close to the West Indian Etelis

oculatus and needs further comparison with Etelis carhimculus of the lie de France.
The. genera of the Etelince have been much confused and misunderstood.

They may be defined as follows :

a. Etelin^. Cranium solid; skeleton firm; dorsals connected; soft dorsal and anal scaleless; last
ray of dorsal and anal more or less produced; scales above lateral line in rows parallel with the
lateral line.
6. Dorsal fin continuous, not deeply notched or divided.

c. Cranium not flat above, much as in Lulianus; the interorbital area not separated from the
occipital region, the median and lateral crests procurrent on it; frontal narrowed
anteriorly; body rather deep.
d. Canines none. Tongue with small teeth.

e. Pectoral fins very short, shorter than ventrals; color dull olivaceous (fuscns).

Apsilus.

ee. Pectoral fins rather long, falcate (macrophthalmus) Thopidinius.

dd. Canine teeth well developed; no teeth on tongue; skull thick, with three blunt ridges

separated by narrow grooves; color red and golden (brighami) Rooseveltia.

cc. Cranium flat above, much as in Etelis; the interorbital area separated from the occipital
region bj' a transverse line of demarcation, the median and lateral crests not procurrent
on it; frontal broad anteriorly.
/. Pectoral fin long, falcate.

g. Canine teeth present; no teeth on tongue {typus) Pristipomoides.

gg. Canine teeth obsolete; tongue with a patch of very small teeth (sieboldi) . .Ulaula .
//. Pectoral fin short, not falcate, formed as in Apsihts; body elongate; preorbital very

broad (virescens) Aprion.

66. Dorsal fin divided or deeply notched; cranium broad, flattish, the median and lateral crests not
procurrent on it; color red.
h. Maxillary scaly; body elongate; canines strong.

i. Caudal fin moderately forked; gill-rakers rather few (marshi) Etelinus.

a. Caudal fin deeply forked, the lobes produced; gill-rakers slender, numerous (cor-

hunmlus) Etelis.

hh. Maxillary naked; body compressed; canines none; gill-rakers slender (aquilionnris).

Etelides.

aa. Verilin.«. Cranium cavernous; skeleton soft; form not elongate; dorsal divided to its base;

second dorsal scaly at base; color black; deep-sea forms (sordidus) Verilus.

The Japanese genus Doderleinia (Eteliscus Jordan and Snyder) must stand
very near to the Anthiince. The genus Verilus Poey, a deep-sea form, black
in color, with cavernous skull and soft skeleton, should constitute a distinct sub-
family, Verilince, alhed to the Etelince. The dorsal fin is divided into two, and the
second dorsal is scaly at the base.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 51

Family LXXV. APHAREID^.
This family, allied to the Lutianidce and especially to the Etelince, differs in
having no teeth on vomer or palatines; those of the jaws are very small.

Aphareus Cuvier and Valenciennes.

292. Aphareus furcatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. (J. & E., p. 235.)
Aphareus flavividtus Jenkins.

This species seems to be widely distributed, but nowhere common. The
type of A. flavividtus had the top of the head and forehead bright yellow, the fish
being otherwise dull brownish purple. Our specimens do not show the yellow,
which fades in spirits.

Family LXXVI. SPARID.E (Porgies).

MoNOTAXis Bennett.

{Sphcerodon Glinther.)

293. Monotaxis grandoculis (Forskal). Mu; Mamdmu. (J. & E., p. 243.)
Rather common.

Family LXXVII. KYPHOSID.E (Rudder-fishes).
Kyphosus Lacepede.

294. Kyphosus elegans (Peters). Nenue paiii. (J. & E., p. 247.)
Kyphosus sandvicensis (Sauvage).

Not rare about Honolulu. It seems to be identical with Kyphosus elegans
(Peters) from Mazatlan.

295. Kyphosus fuscus (Lacepede) . Manaloa; Nenue. (J. & E., p. 248.)
Not rare at Honolulu.

Sectator Jordan and Fesler.

296. Sectator azureus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 248.)

A beautiful fish, of which but one specimen is as yet known. Unknown to
the fishermen.

Family LXXVHI. MULLIDJ^ (Surmullets).
MuLLoiDES Bleeker.

297. MuUoides aurifiamma (Forskal). Weke ula. (J. & E., p. 250.)
Rather common.

298. MuUoides erythrinus Klunzinger. (J. & E., p. 251.)
Recorded from Laysan Island.

52 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

299. MuUoides pflugeri Steindachner. Weke ula ula. (J. & E., p. 251.)

Now rather common in the markets. MuUoides flammeiis Jordan and Ever-
mann is probably the young of this species.

300. MuUoides samoensis Gunther. Weke; Weke a'a. (J. & E., p. 253.)
Not rare about Honolulu

301 . MuUoides preorbitalis (Smith and Swain) . (J. & E., p. 264.)
Johnston Island. Occasional at Honolulu.

302. MuUoides vanicolensis (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 254.)
South Seas. Recorded from Johnston Island.

IJpENEUS Cuvier.
(Pseudupeneus Bleeker.)

303. Upeneus porphyreus (Jenkins). Kimiu. (J. & E., pp. 261-262.)

The largest species of the genus, constantly in the markets, and justly highly
valued as food. Teeth very small; barbel short; characters which give the appear-
ance of Mtdloides. The specimen from Honolulu, recorded by Steindachner as
U . fraterculus, is probably U. porphyreus.

304. Upeneus chryserydros (Lacepede). Moana kea. (J. & E., p. 255.)
Not rare at Honolulu.

305. Upeneus multifasciatus (Quoy and Gaimard). Moana. (J & E., p. 256.)
Very common in the markets, but apparently limited to the Hawaiian Islands;

replaced in Polynesia by U. moana Jordan and Scale, a very similar species.

306. Upeneus bifasciatus Lacepede. Munn. (J. & E., p. 258.)
Rather common about Honolulu.

307. Upeneus chrysonemus (Jordan and Evermann). (J. & E., p. 258.)
Common. Known by the j-ellow barbels.

308. Upeneus crassilabris (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 259.)
South Seas. Found at Johnston Island.

309. Upeneus pleurostigma (Bennett). (J. & E., p. 260.)
Common about Honolulu.

Upeneoides Bleeker.
( Upeneus Bleeker, not of Cuvier, as restricted by the first reviser.)

310. Upeneoides arge^ (Jordan and Evermann). Weke pueo; Weke pahiila. (J.
& E., p. 264.)

Very abundant; close to Upeneus vittatiis of the South Seas.

* Upeneoides iceniopteuis (Cuvier and Valenciennes), an Indian species, was recorded from Honolulu
by Steindachner, who mistook for it the young of U. urge.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 53

Family LXXIX. MALACANTHIDJ£.

Malacanthus Cuvier.

311. Malacanthus parvipinnis Vaillant and Sauvagc. Makd'a. (J. & E., p. 275.)
Common about Honolulu.

Suborder CIRR HI TIFORM ES.

Family LXXX. CHEILODACTYLID^.

GoNiisTius Gill.

This genus differs from Cheilodadylus mainly in the number of fin-rays (D.

XVII, 27-32; A. Ill, 8: instead of D. XVIII, 23; A. Ill, 11). The outline of

the dorsal is much more strongly angulated.

312. Goniistiusvittatus (Garrett). Kikakcqm. (J. & E., p. 447.)

Two fine siDecimens of this very rare species were found by us in the Honolulu
market. The name vittatus is ill-suited to the broad, oblique, black cross-bands,
which are characteristic of this species.

Family LXXXI. CIRRHITID^.

CiRRHiTOiDEA Jenkins.

313. Cirrhitoidea bimacula Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 448.)
Rare.

Paracirrhites Bleeker.

314. Paracirrhites cinctus (Giinther). Piliko'a; Poopa'a; Oopuka-hai-hai. (J. &
E., p. 449.)

Very common.

315. Paracirrhites forsteri (Bloch and Schneider). HilupUikua. (J. &E.,p. 450.)
Abundant.

316. Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Piliko'a. (J. &E.,p.450.)
Very abundant. We have no explanation of the two patterns of coloration;

about half of the specimens having a broad, well-defined white stripe along the
back posteriorly, while in others, similarly colored, this is absent.

Cirrhitus Lacepede.

317. Cirrhitus marmoratus (Lacepede). Po'opda; Oopukdi. (J. & E., p. 452.)
Abundant; large enough to acquire importance as a food-fish.

54 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Suborder PAREIOPLITM.

(Loricati.)

Family LXXXII. CARACANTHID^.

Caracanthus Kroj^er.

318. Caracanthus maculatus (Gray). (J. & E., p. 453.)
Scarce; about the reefs.

Amphiprionichthys Bleeker.
This genus differs from Caracanthus in having the dorsal fins fully united.

319. Amphiprionichthys unipinna (Gray). (J. & E., p. 454.)
A rare fish of the reefs.

Family LXXXIII. SCORP^NID^ (Scorpion-fishes; Rock-cod).
Sebastapistes Gill.

320. Sebastapistesballieui (Sauvage). Poopa'a. (J. & E., p. 455.)
Rather common.

321. Sebastapistes corallicola Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 455.)
Three specimens known.

322. Sebastapistes asperella (Bennett). (J. & E., p. 458.)
Not recognized since recorded by Bennett.

323. Sebastapistes coniorta Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 458.)
Common on the reefs.

324. Sebastapistes galactacma Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 459.)
Common on the reefs.

325. Sebastapistes coloratus Gilbert. (G., p. 627.)
Off Molokai, in deeper water.

Scorp^nodes Bleeker.
{Sebastopsis Gill, and likewise Sauvage.)

326. Scorpaenodes kelloggi (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 462.)
Common on the reefs.

327. Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett). (J. & E., p. 463.)
^^ery rare.

Helicolenus Goode and Bean.

328. Helicolenus rufescens Gilbert. (G., p. 631.)
Off Kauai, in deep water.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 55

PoNTiNUS Poey.

329. Pontinus spilistius Gilbert. (G., p. 633.)
Off Maui.

Merinthe Snyder.

330. Merinthe macrocephala (Sauvage). Oopu kai Nohu. (J. & E., p. 401.)

A beautiful fish, reaching a weight of about six pounds, now common in the
markets, being taken in rather deep water.

Setarches Johnson.

331. Setarches remiger Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 634.)
Common in deep water.

Plectrogenium Gilbert.

332. Plectrogenium nanum Gilbert. (G., p. 634.)

ScoRP^NOPSis Heckel.

333. Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (Bloch and Schneider). Nohu; Omakaha. (J. & E.,
p. 468.)

Scorpcenopsis catocala Jordan and Evermann.
Abundant ; known by the variegated breast.

334. Scorpaenopsis cacopsis Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 467.)
Not rare.

335. Scorpaenopsis altirostris Gilbert. (G., p. 628.)

Off Molokai. Perhaps type of a distinct genus, the head not being depressed
as in Scorpcenopsis, and the general appearance more like that of Sebastapistes.

Peloropsis Gilbert.

336. Peloropsis xenops Gilbert. (G., p. 630.)
Avan Channel between Maui and Lanai.

Iracundus Jordan and Evermann.

337. Iracundus signifer Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 470.)
A rare fish of the coral-reefs. But two specimens are known.

T^NiANOTUS Lacepede.

338. Taenianotus garretti Giinther. (J. & E., p. 471.)
Known onlj'^ from a drawing.

339. Taenianotus citrinellus Gilbert. (G., p. 636.)
Off Molokai.

56 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Brachirus Swainson.
Dendrochirus Swainson. Unfortunately Brachirus has priority. Later Swain-
son transferred the name Brachirus to a genus of Soles.
Pectorals with the upper rays branched.

340. Brachirus barberi (Steindachner). (J. & E., p. 465.)
Dendrochirus hvdsoni Jordan and Evermann.

341. Brachirus chloreus Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 465.)
Occasional about the coral-reefs.

Pterois Cuvier.

342. Pterois sphex Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 464.)
Taken but once at Honolulu.

Family LXXXIV. BEMBRADID.E.
Bembradium Gilbert.

343. Bembradium roseum Gilbert. (G., p. 637.)
Deep water; Pailolo Channel.

Family LXXXV. PERISTEDIID^.

Peristedion Lacepede.

344. Peristedion engyceros Gimther.

Fig. 4. Peristedion engyeeros Giinther. (Reproduced from Jordan, Proc. U. S. N. M., 'S'ol. .59, 1921,

p. 654.)

Rare, in deep water. Besides the original tjqje, found half-dried on the beach,
we have fovmd one specimen from the deep sea and one killed in a lava-flow from
Mauna Loa. There is. also a cast in the Bishop Museum. The species may be
distinguished from the next by the divergence of the long proboscideal horns and
by the presence of dark cross-bands.

i

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 57

345. Peristedion gilberti Jordan. (G., p. 639.)

fProc. U. R. N. M., LIX, 1921, p. 655, Peristedion engyceros Gilbert, not of
Giinther.)

Fig. 5. Peristedion gilberli Jordan. (C. M. No. 3895.)

Horns rigidly parallel; color red, often with small round olive spots. Found
in the deep sea, abundantlj'^ in places.

346. Peristedion hians Gilbert and Gramer. (G., p. 638.)
Frequent in deep water.

. Family LXXXVI. HOPLIGHTHYID.E.
HopLiCHTHYS Cuvier and Valenciennes.

347. Hoplichthys citrinus CJilbert. CG., p. 640.)
Deep sea; abundant.

348. Hoplichthys platophrys (iilbert. (G., p. 642.)
Deep sea off Lay san ; only one specimen known.

Family LXXXVII. CEPHALACANTHID.F: (Flying Gurnards).

(Dactylop teridce . )

Dactyloptena Jordan and Richardson.

(Proc. U. S. N. M., XXXIII, 1909, p. 665.)

349. Dactyloptena orientalis (Guvier and Valenciennes). Lolo-oau. (J. & E.,
p. 473.)

Rather scarce. We are thus far unable to separate the Hawaiian Flying
Gurnard from the common Japanese species. The description of this species by
Jordan and Richardson, I. e., is from examples from Hilo.

58 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Suborder SQUAMIPENNES.

Family LXXXVIII. CAPROIDiE.

Antigonia Lowe.

350. Antigonia steindachneri Jordan and Evermann. (J. &E.,p. 361; G.,p. 621.)
A Japanese fish, rarely seen about Hawaii in deep water.

351. Antigonia eos Gilbert. (G., p. 621.)
Deep sea; Pailolo Channel.

Family LXXXIX. CH.ETODONTID^ (Butterfly-fishes).
FoRCiPiGER Jordan and McGregor.

352. Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet) . (J. & E., p. 363.)
Forcipiger flxwissimus Jordan and McGregor.

Rather common in the markets. In the plate published by Jordan and
Evermann the brilliant yellow of this curious fish is not well represented.

Ch^todon Linnaeus. Kihi kihi.
{Tetragonoptrus Bleeker.)
This genus covers a great variety of species agreeing in general form and in
bright coloration, mainly yellow with black cross-bands or markings. It may
perhaps be divisible into several genera, the division being based on the direction
of the lines of scales, the size of the scales, and the form of the head. At present
the subgenera, as proposed by Kaup and by Bleeker, are too ill-defined to permit
of their recognition as genera. In the typical section of Chcetodon (type Choetodon
capistratus Linnaeus), which is not represented in Hawaii, the lines of scales above
the lateral line extend upward and backward, those below downward and back-
ward, and none of the dorsal rays are prolonged.

§ LiNOPHORA Kaup.

(One of the dorsal rays prolonged, whip-like, otherwise
essentially as in Chcetodon proper.)

353. Chaetodon setifer Bloch. Kihi-kihi; Kikakdpu. (J. & E., p. 364.)
Common in Hawaii.

§ OxYCH^TODON Bleeker.
(Scales of sides enlarged; snout sharp; a projection before eye.)

354. Chgetodon lineolatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. (J. & E., p. 365.)
Rather rare.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 59

§ Ch^todontops Bleeker.

(Scales of sides moderately enlarged; snout moderate;
profile even, no convexity before eye.)

355. Chaetodon lunula (Lac^pede). Kikakdjm. (J. & E., p. 366.)

Very common. The young have higher fins and a black dorsal ocellus.

§ LepidochjBtodon Bleeker.

(Scales of sides anteriorly much enlarged, the rows nearly horizontal;

teeth large; snout short; profile steep.)

356. Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch. Kikikdpu. (J. & E., p. 368.)
Chcctodon sphenospilufi Jenkins.

Not rare about the reefs.

§ CiTHARCEDUS Kaup.

(Snout short and blunt; scales moderate, the rows nearly horizontal.)

357. Chaetodon ornatissimus Solander. Kikikdjm. (J. & E., p. 373.)
Rather rare; about the reefs.

358. Chaetodon punctatofasciatus CXivier and Valenciennes. (J. & E., p. 369.)
Not rare.

§ Rabdophorus Kaup.

(Scales subequal, moderate, arranged in series mostly horizontal, those above

lateral line much reduced in size; snout rather short.)

359. Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier and Valenciennes.

A common and showy species of the South Seas, once found in the Honolulu
market.

360. Chaetodon fremblii Bennett. (J. & E., p. 375.)
A handsome, but rather rare species.

361. Chaetodon trifasciatus Mungo Park. (J. & E., p. 372.)

A Polynesian species, rather rare at Honolulu. The colored plate of Jordan
and Evermann is from a Samoan example. This species and the next have rather
large scales (forty, instead of fifty to sixty), thus approaching the next genus.

362. Chaetodon miliaris Quoy and Gaimard. (J. & E., p. 371.)
Chaetodon mantelliger Jenkins.

Generally common. The smallest species.

363. Chaetodon quadrimaculatus Gray. (J. & E., p. 373.)
Rather common about Honolulu.

60

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

TiFiA gen. nov. Jordan.

Type Chcetodon corallicola Snyder.

This group is distinguished from Rabdophorus by the very large scales above
as well as below the lateral line, about thirty in a lengthwise series, and arranged
in nearly horizontal rows. Teeth very small; snout moderately acute; the profile
straight. The name Tifi-tifi (Kihi-kihi in Hawaiian) is applied to all species of
Chcetodon throughout the South Seas. The verb tifi is to adorn, and the name is
given to the horns of the moon, the tips of the wing of a bird, and the like.
364. Tifia corallicola (Snyder). (J. & E., p. 374.)

Rare. Found in rather deep water.

i

Fig. 6. Loa cxcelsa Jonlan. (Reproduced from Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. 59, 1921, p. 653.;

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 61

LoA Jordan.
Scales small, even, the rows nearly horizontal; the first dorsal nearlj' scaleless,
its first three spines thickened, the third and fourth very high.

365. Loa excelsa Jordan.

(Jordan, Proc. U. S. N. M., LIX, 1921, p. 652, fig. 6.)

Known from a single small sjjecimen killed in a lava-flow from Mauna Loa in
rather deep water. This young fish bears some resemblance to the young of
Chaiodon lunula figured 1\\' Jordan and L^vermann, liut the dorsal spines are much
longer and larger and the black markings arc different.

MiCR ACANTHUS^ Swainson.
Dorsal and anal fins with few rays (D. XI, 17; A. Ill, 14). Scales small,
about sixty.

366. Micracanthus strigatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 376.)
A Jai^anesc fish, occasionally taken at Honolulu.

Heniochus Cuvier and Valenciennes.
{Diphreutes Cantor, there being an earlier genus Henioche.)

367. Heniochus macrolepidotus (Linna?us). (J. & E., p. 376.)

Chcetodon acuminofiia Linnaeus, this name having two pages priority, but the
later and most frequently cmploy(>d name is preferred by the International Com-
mission of Nomenclature.

A common fish of the Pacific, but rather rare at Honolulu.

HoLACANTHUs Laccpedc.
None of the Hawaiian species are at all closely related to the tyi)c of this
genus, Holacanthus tricolor, of the West Indies. In the typical group the scales
are of moderate size; the lobes of the lunate caudal fin produced in long streamers.
The numerous species of the South Seas need to be critically comimred before the
several subgenera proposed by Bleeker can be fully defined.

Ch^todontoplus Bleeker.

(Scales small; caudal fin rounded; suborbital entire;

scales above lateral line small.)

368. Chaetodontoplus bicolor (Bloch). (J. & E., p. 380.)
Common in Polynesia; recorded by Glinthcr from Hawaii.

'Misprinted Microcniilhiis by Swainson.

62 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

369. Chaetodontoplus arcuatus (Gray). (J. & E., p. 378.)

Described in 1831 from Honolulu, but only the type is as yet known.

Centropyge Kaup.
Caudal rounded; scales large above as well as below lateral line, thirty to
forty in a series; suborbital more or less serrate behind, but without strong spine.
The original type of the genus, Holacanthus tibicen, was originally described as
having four anal spines. Species of small size and variegated coloration.

370. Centropyge potteri (Jordan and Metz). (PI. Ill, fig. 1.)

Holacanthus potteri Jordan and Metz, Proc. U. S. N. M., XLII, 1912, p. 525.

Only the type of this dainty species of the reefs was known, until the senior
author secured four additional examples from the reef at Honolulu. The largest
of these, differing in certain minor respects from the original type, is figured on
Plate III, fig. 1.

The serrations on the preorbital and preopercle are larger than in the type;
the cross-streakings somewhat different. The black blotches above the pectoral
have disappeared, and the posterior part of the bodj' is suffused with deep inky
purple, almost black, a color which obscures the vermiculations, although these
can be traced. In life the dark streaks were dark bluish purple, the paler colors
a rich fight orange.

371. Centropyge tutuilae sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. (J. & E., p. 378, PL LVI.
not description.) (PI. Ill, fig. 2.)

Holacanthus bispinosus Giinther, Fische der Siidsee, II, 1874, p. 51, PI. LVI,
fig. C. Description in part. Not Holacanthus bispinosus Giinther, Cat.
Fishes, II, 1860, p. 48, which is based on Bleeker's description of Hola-
canthus diacanthus from Amboyna.
Holacanthus bispinosus Jordan and Evermann, Fishes of Hawaii, PI. LVI,
not description, which was taken from two specimens of Centropyge
diacantha.
Type: No. 3902 Carnegie Museum. Three inches long. Tutuila, Samoa;
paratype. No. 8750, Stanford University.

Head 4; depth 1.75; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.25; maxiUary 4.25; dorsal
rays XIV, 17; anal rays III, 15; scales 35, 18; the number of fin-rays can not be
exactly counted, nor the number of scales, as on the caudal peduncle these grow
very smaU.

Body broadly ovate, evenly rounded, the steep profile somewhat gibbous over
the eye. Preorbital narrow, with two rather strong, blunt teeth; vertical line of

A

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 63

preopercle with small serrse; angle with a stout curved si)ine reaching nearly to
base of pectoral; a sharp spine about one fifth as long just l^elow it.

Scales on sides large, those above lateral line much smaller, merging into the
scaly sheath of the dorsal fin; scales on belly much smaller; lateral line ending
below last ray of dorsal; dorsal and anal scaly almost to their tips. Dorsal and
anal rather high ; the tips angular, reaching beyond base of the rounded caudal ;
ventrals filamentous, almost reaching front of anal, as long as head; pectorals a
little shorter.

The colors in life, as correctly stated by Jordan and Seale, " Fishes of Samoa,"
p. 348, are as follows:

Ground-color deep orange, or copper-red, clearer below; the head, back, and
vertical fins blue-black, the color forming about eighteen narrow cross-streaks on
side as wide as the ground-color; breast and belly orange; the lips and spines
violet; lower lip ver.y bright blue; anal and dorsal edged with blue; caudal with
a broader blue stripe inside the margin; pectoral yellow, dusky at base; ventral
orange, edged with blackish in spines, coppery red, more or less faded, with about
twenty vertical black cross-bars a shade wider than the interspaces, which are
about equal to the pupil; breast plain light orange, bars growing irregular below;
without distinct markings; dorsal, anal, and caudal black, unmarked (dorsal and
anal figured bj' Giinther with small blue spots); pectorals and ventrals pale, the
ventral filament edged with black.

This handsome little fish has had a rather unfortunate fate in the synonymy.
It was first noticed by Giinther ("Fische der Siidsee," II, p. 51, Tafel LVI), under
the name of Holacanthus bispinosvs, a name originally given by Giinther to a speci-
men described by Blacker from Amboyna under the erroneous name of Holacanthus
diacantJms. But Bleeker's fish and the present one, as shown by Bleeker's figure,
differ in color and in the armature of the preopercle. The true bispinosus, as
figured, has much stronger spines on the lower limb of the preopercle, and the
suborbital is very strongly serrate. The color is also very different, being yellow,
with regular brown cross-bands, the caudal pale. Giinther claims to have had
specimens in the British Museum from the New Hebrides, and one, in bad condition,
from Hawaii, collected by Garrett. Presumably his figure, which represents, but
none too well, our Centropyge tutuila, was drawn from a New Hebrides example,
colored after a sketch made by Parkinson in Tahiti.

The only Hawaiian record is that of Giinther, mentioned above. Two speci-
mens were obtained by Jordan and Kellogg at Pago Pago, Tutuila. One of these
is the type of Centropyge tutuila, and served also for the colored plate drawn by

64 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Merita and published by Jordan and Evermann under the name of Holacanthus
Uspinosus. But the description pubUshed by Jordan and Evermann (" Fishes of
Hawaii," p. 378) was not taken from this species, but through some error, for which
I cannot at present accoimt, from two Samoan examples of Centropyge diacantha
(Bloch).

It is not clear that Giinther's description (" Fische der Stidsee") belongs to the
fish figured by him.

Centropyge tutuilce is, therefore, until now known only from two colored plates,
the first that of Gtinther, indifferent in quality, the other that of Morita, which
is excellent.

In Samoa this species is known as Tuu'u pulepule mumu = broad fish, red-
striped.

XiPHYPOPS^" gen. nov. Jordan.

Type: Holacanthus fisheri Snyder. Distinguished by the presence of two
strong spines besides smaller serrse on the suborbital bone. The preopercle is also
strongly armed. Scales large, those above the lateral line scarcely reduced; caudal
rounded; profile convex; fourteen dorsal spines.

372. Xiphypops fisheri (Snyder). (J. & E., p. 379.)

A handsome fish, taken a few times in rather deep water.

Family XC. ZANCLID.E (Moorish Idols).
Zanclus Cuvier and Valenciennes.

373. Zanclus cornutus (Linnseus). Kihikihi. (J. & E., p. 382.)

Very common about the reefs. Zanclus canescens Linnaeus is thought bj'
Bleeker to be a distinct species, having a spine on the preorbital and no black
markings before the eye. It may be, as the writer has supposed, the young of the
common Zanclus cornutus. The name canescens has one page priority' over cornutus.

374. Zanclus ruthiae Bryan.

(Bryan, Report Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, II, 1905, p: 22, fig. 2 (1906).)
A single young specimen taken at Honolulu, two and three-quarters of an
inch long, remarkable for the great height of the first dorsal rays. The color is
quite unlike that of Z. cornutus, j^oung or old, there being only a faint dark bar
across the interorbital and a broad obscure dark shade across body from dorsal to
anal, and another on caudal peduncle. Caudal mostly black, as are the long rays
of dorsal and the front of the anal and ventrals; lips black; tip of caudal pale;
profile very steep; depth nearly equal to length. D. VII, 38; A. Ill, p. 33.

'" i,l<i>os = sword; viro = below; ic^p = eye.

d

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 65

Family XCI. ACANTHURID.E (Surgeon-fishes).

AcANTHURUS Forskal.

{Hepatus Gronow, 1763, non-binomial.)

(Teuthis Linnaeus, 1766, as restricted by Gill and other authors.")

375. Acanthurus achilles Shaw. Pa kui kui. (J. & E., p. 384.)
Common. A strikingly colored species.

376. Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch and Schneider. Nae-nae. (J. & E., p. 385.)
Common. Remarkable for the white stripe above the pectoral.

377. Acanthurus leucopareius Jenkins. Maikoiko. (J. & E., p. 386.)
Occasionally seen at Honolulu. Known by the white bar across nape and

opercle.

378. Acanthurus matoides Cuvier and Valenciennes. Maii; Walu. (J. & E.,
pp. 387-389.)

Acanthurus xanthopterus Cuvier and Valen^ciennes.
Acanthurus hlochii Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Teuthis guntheri Jenkins.

Common in the South Seas, rather rare at Honolulu. A dull-colored species
with four dark streaks along dorsal and anal. Base of caudal with a ]iale ring.

379. Acanthurus umbra (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 387.)

A dull-colored species. Rather common. The dorsal and anal plain; base of
caudal whitish.

380. Acanthurus elongatus (Lac6pede). MaiVi. (J. & E., p. 389.)

South Seas; occasional about the Hawaiian Islands. Dull-colored; the lips
blackish ; last rays of dorsal and anal black at base ; body elongate. The Hawaiian
form was described by Cuvier and Valenciennes under the name Acanthurus
nigros.

381. Acanthurus dussumieri (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Pudlu; Pahtui. (J. &
E., p. 390.)

? Acanthurus argenteus Quoy and Gaimard,/»7'.

A common species, reaching considerable size. Dusky, with wavy bluish
streaks; liase of caudal with dark spots.

382. Acanthurus atramentatus Jordan and Evermann. Maikoiko; Maiko. (J. &
E., p. 393.)

"Following Ciintor mid (iiintlior others use Teuthis in place of Signnux. The decisions of the
International Commi.ssion would favor Hepatm as prior to Acanthurus or reulhis, though not binomial.
Any one of these views may be defended, and, until the matter is definitely settled, we may follow custom.

66 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Common. Distinguished by an ink-like spot at base of last rays of dorsal and
anal. Body with narrow broken bluish streaks.

383. Acanthurus guttatus Bloch and Schneider. (J. & E., p. 392.)

Rather common. Ivnown by the three white cross-bars and numerous white
spots.

384. Acanthurus sandvicensis Streets. Manini. (J. & E., p. 394.)
Extremely abundant. Pale, with six black cross-bars, four of which cross the

entire body. A near ally of Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus) of the South Seas.

Zebrasoma Swainson.
§ Zebrasoma.

385. Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch). Kihikihi. (J. & E., p. 396.)
Acanthurus hypselojjterus Bleeker.

Not rare about Honolulu. A fish of striking appearance, remarkable for its
banded body and veiy high fins.

§ Scopas Kner.

386. Zebrasoma flavescens (Bennett). Laipala. (J. & E., p. 397.)

Not common at Honolulu. This fish, entirely bright j^ellow, seems to differ
from Zebrasoma rhombeum Kittlitz of the South Seas, onlj^ in being all yellow, instead
of olive-brown with a few yellow markings. The subgenus Scopas differs from
Zebrasoma in the lower fins with fewer rays.

Ctenoch^tus Gill.

(Ctenodon Swainson, preoccupied.)

387. Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy and Gaimard). Kale. (J. & E., p. 398.)
Acanthurus strigosus Bennett.

Rather common. The name striatus was given to young examples; that of
strigosus to the adult.

Naso Lacepede.

Acanthurus Jordan and Evermann, not of Forskal, as restricted.

Monoceros Bloch and Schneider, preoccupied = Nase^is Cuvier.

388. Naso incipiens (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 400.)
Rare.

389. Naso brevirostris (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Kalalolo. (J. & E., p. 401.)
South Seas, occasional at Honolulu.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 67

390. Naso unicornis (Forskal). Kala. (J. & E., p. 402.)

Common at Honolulu. Widely distributed in warm seas. The length of the
frontal horn varies much with age, sometimes being in the adult longer than the
rest of the head.

Gallic ANTHUS Swainson.

391. Callicanthus lituratus (Forster). (J. & E., p. 404.)
South Seas; rather common about the Hawaiian Islands.

392. CaUicanthus garretti (Scale). (J. & E., p. 405.)

Rare. A doubtful species, distinguished from C. lituratus by the absence of
the blue line along base of dorsal and yellow spots on caudal peduncle separated
by a sharply defined black area.

393. Callicanthus metoposophron Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 405.)
Not rare at Honolulu.

Order CHROMIDES.

Family XCII. POMACENTRID^ (Damsel-fishes).

Dascyllus Cuvier.

( Tetradrachmum Cantor, if Dascylhis is to be regarded as preoccupied by

Dascillus.)

394. DascyUus albisella Gill. (J. & E., p. 266.)

Common about the coral-reefs. The figure copied from Bleeker by Jordan
and Evermann (p. 267) represents D. trimaculatus of the South Seas.

Chromis Cuvier.
( Heliases Cuvier and Valenciennes.)

395. Chromis verater Jordan and Metz.

Chromis verater Jordan and Metz, Proc. U. S. N. M., XLII, 1911, p. 526.
One example from Honolulu, typical of Chromis. D. XIV; caudal short,
body very deep.

396. Chromis elaphrus Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 268.)

Coral-reefs; typical of the subgenus Heliases. D. XII, caudal short, body

oblong.

FuRCARiA Poey.

(Caudal deeply forked, its lobes sharp; fourteen dorsal spines.)

397. Furcaria ovalis (Steindachner) . (J. & E., p. 269.)
Coral-reefs; not rare.

68 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

398. Furcarialeucura (Gilbert). (G., p. 620.)
Rare ; in rather deep water.

PoMACENTRUS LacepMe.

399. Pomacentrus Jenkins! Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 271.)
.Eupomacentrus marginatus Jenkins, the name preoccupied in Pomacentrus.
Common. This species belongs to the section or subgenus called Amblypoma-

centrus by Bleeker, having the snout and lower jaw naked. In the American species
{Eupomacentrus Bleeker) the snout is scaled. In Pomacentrus proper there is in
each jaw a single series of a few teeth.

Abudefduf Forskal.
(Glyphisodon Lacepede.)

400. Abudefduf sordidus (Forskal). Kupipi. (J. & E., p. 274.)

Very common about rocks. Known by the black blotch behind the dorsal
fin on the back of the tail.

401. Abudefduf abdominalis (Quoy and Gaimard). Maomao. (J. & E., p. 272.)
Common. Known by the four black cross-bands and a large black blotch on

dorsal and on anal.

402. Abudefduf imparipinnis (Sauvage). (J. & E., p. 274.)
Honolulu. Known only from the original description.

403. Abudefduf sindonis Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 272.)

A rare species, black, with two white cross-bands. Teeth in one series, scarcely
compressed, not emarginate; opercle entire; preorbital broad; perhaps to be
regarded as the type of a distinct genus, approaching Chromis.

Order PHARYNGOGNATHI.

Family XCIII. LABRIDvE ( Wrass-fishes ; Rainbow-fishes).

Lepidaplois Gill.

404. Lepidaplois albotaeniatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). A'awa. (J. & E.,
p. 278.)

A large fish, abundant in the markets. Specimens from Hilo, taken about
lava-rocks, are very much darker, mostly deep purplish red.

405. Lepidaplois strophodes Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 280.)

Rather rare. All the specimens seen were small in size, but colored differently
from the young of L. albotceniatus.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 69

406. Lepidaplois modestus (Garrett). (J. & E., p. 279.)
Known from tJlinthcr's plate, a copy of Garrett's drawing.

Verriculus Jordan and Evermann.

407. Verriculus sanguineus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 281.)

A sliowy fish. Only the type knowoi; taken with the hook in deep water.

Verreo Jordan and Snyder.

408. Verreo oxycephalus (Bleeker). (J. & E., p. 281.)

One specimen known from Kailua. The species belongs to the fauna of Japan.
The Australian V. unimaculatus is very similar.

HiNALEA gen. nov. Jordan and Jordan.

Type: Julis axillaris Quoy and Gaimard.

This genus dififers from Stethojulis Giinther in the absence of posterior canines.
The scales on the breast are large, the mouth very small, the lateral line complete.
Hinalea (in Samoan Sugale = choice) is the common name of the small labroids
at Honolulu.

409. Hinalea axillaris (Quoy and Gaimard). Omaka. (J. & E., p. 283.)
Common about the reefs.

410. Hinalea balteata (Quoy and Gaimard). fJ. & E., p. 284.)

Stethojulis alhovittatus Jordan and Evermann, "Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands,"
p. 284, PI. XXVI; probably not Labrus albovittatus Kolreuter, scantily described
from an unknown locality. This species is knoA\ni only from Hawaii, where no
collections had been made in Kolreuter's time (1770). It is rather common about
the reefs. There seem to be two t^^es of color, the one with a broad stripe of
brownish red bordered above and below by a sharply defined line of puri)lish blue,
as in the plate of Jordan and Evermann; the other with the lateral band bro\\-n,
bordered above and below by a crimson line. We detect no other differences.

PsEUDOJULis Bleeker.

411. Pseudojulis cerasina Snyder. (J. & E., p. 294.)
Known only from the tjqie.

Halichceres Riippcll.

Parajulis Bleeker; Chcei-ojulis Gill, substitute names, if Halichceres Ruppell

is regarded as preoccupied by Halichcerus Nilsson, a genus of seals.

70 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

412. Halichoeres ornatissimus (Garrett). Ohua paawela. (J. & E., p. 286.)
Halichoeres iridescens Jenkins.

Not common.

413. Halichoeres lac Jenkins. Lao. (J. & E., p. 285.)
Rare about Honolulu.

Macropharyngodon Bleaker.

414. Macropharyngodon geoffroyi (Quoy andGaimard). Hinaleaakilolo. (J. &
E., p. 288.)

Macropharyngodon aquilolo Jenkins.
A rare fish about the reefs.

CoRis Lac^pede.
( Hemicoris Bleeker.)
This genus mainly differs from Halichoeres in the much smaller scales and in
the absence of the posterior canine. This tooth is wanting in the tyi^e, Coris
aygula, as in all the Hawaiian species referred by Jordan and Evermann to Coris
and Julis. In the type of Julis (Labrus julis Linnaeus) this tooth is present. No
species of Julis is found in Hawaii.

415. Coris gaimardi (Quoy and Gaimard). Lolo. (J. & E., p. 305.)
Common about the reefs.

416. Coris pulcherrima Giinther. Hinalea lolo; (J. & E., p. 305.)

Very common. Close to the preceding species, but with colors not quite
the same.

417. Coris lepomis Jenkins. Hilu lauwili; Uhu. (J. & E., p. 306.)

A large and handsome fish, often appearing in the markets; easily recognized
by the black opercular flap, like that of the genus Lepomis, or "Sun-fish," of
American streams. The fish recorded by Fowler as Coris aygula, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 510, is no doubt this species.

418. Coris eydouxi (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Hilu. (J. & E., p. 309.)
A large and beautifully colored species. Common.

419. Coris flavovittatus (Bennett). (J. & E., p. 308.)

Very rare. On the plate given by Jordan and Evermann, drawn from a
specimen from Laysan, the yellow shades, bright in life, are poorly represented,
the colors being very dull.

420. Coris greenovi (Bennett). (J. & E., p. 308.)

One of the most beautiful species, blood-red in life, with white spots above,
edged with black. Originally described from Hawaii, but not seen there since.
Our specimen is from Samoa,

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 71

421. Coris ballieui Vaillant and Sauvage. (J. & E., p. 310.)
Rather common.

422. Coris rosea Vaillant and Sauvage. Malamalama. (J. & E., p. 311.)
Coris argenteostriatus Steindachner.

Hemicoris keleipionis Jenkins.
Quite common.

423. Coris venusta Vaillant and Sauvage. (J. & E., p. 312.)
Hemicoris remedius Jenkins.

Common.

Cheilio Lacepede.

424. Cheilio inermis Forskal. (J. & E., p. 314.)

This common fish ranges in color through many shades of brown, green, and
lemon-yellow, with varied markings.

Gomphosus Lacepede.

425. Gomphosus varius Lacepede. Akilolo. (J. & E., p. 289.)
Common.

426. Gomphosus tricolor Quoy and Gaimard. Hinalea iiwi. (J. & E., p. 290.)
Very common. The intense blue color does not fade in spirits.

427. Gomphosus sandwichensis Glinther.

This may be a valid species. We refer to it a cast in the Bishop Museum
distinguishable from Gomphosus tricolor by a black blotch on the opercle. Color
green; snout pinkish red above ; a sharp red line behind eye ; opercle with a black
blotch; base of pectoral yellow; the fin green, blue-black distally; dorsal green,
with a narrow sharp red stripe along its middle; caudal green, purple at base.

Anampses Cuvier.

428. Anampses cuvieri Quoy and Gaimard. Opide; Hilu. (J. & E., p. 291.)
A show}' fish, common about the reefs.

429. Anampses godeffroyi Gunther. (J. & E., pp. 293, 294.)
Anampses evermanni Jenkins.

Not uncommon about the reefs. A large and handsome fish, originally known
from a not very accurate painting. (See Jordan and Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm., XXVI, 1906.)

72 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Thalassoma Swainson.

(Julis Glinther, non Cuvier, whose tautoty])e is the Mediterranean species,
Labrns julis Linnaeus. Chlorichthys Swainson.)

430. Thalassoma purpureum Forskal. Olani; Olale; Palaea (very small), Hou
(large). (J. & E., p. 295.)

A beautiful large fish, rather common at Honolulu. Color mainly blue, with
red stripes on the sides.

431. Thalassoma fuscum (Lacepede). Awela. (J. & E., p. 299.)

A large and handsome fish, which is rather common. Red, with two broken
blue-green stripes on side, like rows of Chinese characters, the coloration being
much like that of T. purpureum, but the shades reversed.

432. Thalassoma ballieui (Vaillant and Sauvage). Hinalea luahine. (J. & E.,
p. 297.)

Very abundant.

433. Thalassoma umbrostigma (Riippell). (J. & E., p. 300.)

Quite common. General color green, with broken red stripes on side, and
with five dark irregular broken cross-bars.

434. Thalassoma duperrey (Quoy and Gaimard). Hinalea lauwili; A'alaihi.
(J. & E., p. 302.)

Extremely common. A small and rather slender species. Color bluish,
darker behind; the front of body behind head with a broad light brown band.
A small species.

435. Thalassoma lutescens (Solander). (J. & E., p. 303.)

Thalassoma lunare Jordan and Evermann, probably not Labrus hmaris

Linnaeus.
A rare species, near Thalassoma lunare of the East Indies. (See Jordan and
Snyder, "Notes on Fishes of Hawaii," Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., XXVI, 1906, p. 214.)

436. Thalassoma neanis Jordan and Snyder.

Described in the paper above mentioned, and represented by a colored figure,
Plate XII, fig. 2. One specimen from Honolulu. An exquisitely colored little
fish, allied to T. lunare and T. lutescens.
436. Thalassoma aneitense (Gtinther). (J. & E., p. 304.)

An East Indian species, taken twice at Honolulu. It lacks the brilliant blue
and red shades of other species.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 73

Cheilinoides Bleeker.
This genus is very close to Cirrhilabrus Temminck and Rchlegel from Japan,
differing in the short ventrals, these fins being greatly produced in Cirrhilabrus.

438. Cheilinoides jordani Snyder. (J. & E., p. 315.)
Onl}^ the type known.

PsEUDOCHEiLiNUS Bleekcr.
In this genus the eye is peculiarly modified, the cornea being crossed by a line
of partition.

439. Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins. Aleihi Inkea. (J. & E., p. 317.)
Occasional about the reefs.

440. Pseudocheilinus evanidus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 317.)
Rare, taken but twice.

Cheilinus Lacepede.

441. Cheilinus hexagonatus Giinther. Pootl. (J. & E., p. 319.)
Cheilinus zomirus Jenkins.

Very common. Originally described from an inaccurate drawing made at
Honolulu.

442. Cheilinus bimaculatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. (J. & E., p. 320.) (PI.
Ill, fig. 3; C. M. Catalog of Fishes, No. 3906.)

A small fish, common on the reefs, known by the black spot on the side. The
exquisite markings seen in life disappear in spirits.

443. Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepede. (J. & E., p. 322.)

Recorded from Honolulu by Quoy and Gaimard as Cheilinus sirmosus, which
is apparently the female of this common species of the South Seas.

NovACULiCHTHYS Bleeker.

444. Novaculichthys woodi Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 323.)
Novamdichihys entarcjyreus Jenkins.
Novaculichthys tattoo Scale.

Rather common.

445. Novaculichthys taeniounis (Lacepede). (J. & E., p. 325.)

Rather common. A showy fish of the reefs. The young, with the first two
dorsal rays lengthened, was described from Honolulu by Quoy and Gaimard as
Julis bifer.

446. Novaculichthys kallosoma (Bleeker).

This beautiful little fish, mostly grass-green in color, is widely distributed.

74 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Besides the two originally known from Honolulu we have now a third. The single
specimen known from Samoa is figured by Jordan and Evermann.

Hemipteronotus Lacepede.

447. Hemipteronotus umbrilatus Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 333.)
. Not common.

448. Hemipteronotus baldwini Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 334.)
Common. Sexes not alike in color, a character rare among labroid fishes.

449. Hemipteronotus jenkinsi Snyder. (J. & E., p. 336.)
Only one specimen is known; from Puako Bay, Hawaii.

450. Hemipteronotus copei Fowler. (J. & E., p. 332.)

Oahu. Known only from the type. Apparently distinguished by the black
spots or blotches and by the presence of bluish streaks on the head.

Xyrichthys Cuvier.

451. Xyrichthys niveilatus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 337.)
Rather common.

Iniistius Gill.

452. Iniistius pavoninus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 329.)
Iniistius leucozonus Jenkins.

A common food-fish at Honolulu. Iniistius mundicorpus Gill from Cape San
Lucas seems to be the same.

453. Iniistius niger (Steindachner). (J. & E., p. 331.)
Iniistius verater Jenkins.

Rather common. This fish is unique in being almost entirely jet-black.

Cymolutes Giinther.

454. Cymolutes leclusei (Quoy and Gaimard). (J. & E., p. 327.)

A dainty fish, with soft pale colors, rather common about Honolulu.

Family XCIV. SPARISOMATIDiE.

Leptoscarus Swainson.

( CaUyodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, not of Gronow and Scopoli.

Calotomus Gilbert.)

455. Leptoscarus irradians (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 339.)
Not common.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 75

456. Leptoscarus cyclurus (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 340.)
One specimen known.

457. Leptoscarus sandvicensis (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Punuhunuhn. (J. &
E., p. 341.)

Very common in the market of Honolulu.

458. Leptoscarus snyderi (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 342.)
From Honolulu; one specimen known.

ScARiDEA Jenkins.

459. Scaridea zonarcha Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 343.)
Rare.

460. Scaridea balia Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 344.)
One specimen known.

461. Scaridea aerosa Jordan and Snyder. ( Cf. " Notes on Fishes of Hawaii," Bull.
U. S. Bur. Fish., XXVI, 1906, p. 213.)

Two specimens from Honolulu.

Family XCV. SCARID.E (Parrot-fishes).

ScARUs Forskal (1775).

(Teeth pale, not blue.)

{Callyodon Gronow (1763) non-binomial; not Callyodon Cuvier & Valenciennes.)

§ Callyodon. (No posterior canines.)

462. Scams miniatus Jenkins. Uhu. (J. & E., p. 346.)

An important food-fish, common in the markets, being the favorite species
at the native barbecue, or luaii.

463. Scarus perspicillatus Steindachner. Uhu xdi \di. (J. & E., p. 347.)

A large and handsome fish, valued as food. A colored figure is given by
Jordan and Snyder, "Notes on Fishes of Hawaii, etc.," 1907, PI. XHI.

464. Scarus borborus Jordan and Evermann. Panahu. (J. & E., p. 349.)
A plain-colored species, rare at Honolulu.

465. Scarus brunneus Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 349.)

Rather rare. A dull-colored species, known by the forked caudal.

466. Scarus dubius Bennett. (J. & E., p. 350.)

A plainly colored fish, rare at Honolulu, but occurring about Samoa.

467. Scarus ahula Jenkins. Ahu ula; PanuhanuJm. (J. & E., p. 351.)
Rather common. Plain bro^;\Ti.

76 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

468. Scarus bennetti Cuvier and Valenciennes. (J. & E., p. 352.)
Rare, found also in Samoa.

469. Scarus paluca Jenkins. Palukaluka. (J. & E., p. 352.)
Scarce.

§ Scarus. (Posterior canines present.)

470. Scarus. jenkinsi Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 353.)
But one specimen known.

471. Scarus gilberti Jenkins. Pmmhunuhu. (J. & E., p. 354.)

Very common. Should be compared with Scarus bataviensis Bleeker, from
Java, for which Steindachner seems to have mistaken it.

472. Scarus formosus Cuvier and Valenciennes. Lauia. (J. & E., p. 355.)
Scarus lauia Jordan and Evermann.

This species was originallj^ described from Hawaii. The poor description
prevents certain recognition, but it is probably identical with Scarus lauia, a
handsome but rather rare form closely related to S. gilberti.

473. Scarus erythrodon Cuvier and Valenciennes. (J. & E., p. 357.)

A common species of the South Seas, recorded as Pseudoscarus sumbawensis
from Laysan.

Pseudoscarus Bleeker.

(Teeth blue.)
§ Pseudoscarus. (Posterior canines present.)

474. Pseudoscarus jordani Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 358.)

A large and brilliantly colored fish, thus far only known from two examples,
the tijpe, taken at Honolulu, and figured by Jordan and Evermann, and another
specimen from Samoa.

475. Pseudoscarus troscheli (Bleeker). (J. & E., p. 358.)

An East Indian species, recorded by Steindachner from Laysan.

476. Pseudoscarus heliotropinus Bryan.

(Bryan, Kept. Bishop Mus., II, 1905 (1906), p. 23, fig. 3.)

Known only from the type, which was taken in the market at Honolulu.

Caudal lunate, the angles much produced.

477. Pseudoscarus vitriolinus Bryan.
(Bryan, I.e., p. 27, fig. 4.)

A brilliantly colored species. Known only by one example. Caudal rounded.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 77

Order DISCOCEPHALI.

FamUy XCVI. ECHENEIDiE (Remoras).

Remora Gill.

(Echeneis Linnaeus in part, not as restricted ])y Gill, 1862.)

478. Remora remora (Linnaeus). (J. & E., p. 494.)

Not rare. Valued bj' the Chinese as medicine. CJenerally common in warm
seas.

Remorina Jordan and Evermann.

479. Remorina albescens (Temminck and Schlegcl). (J. & E., p. 495.)
Tropical Pacific. Recorded bj' Fowler from Hawaii.

Order GOBIOIDEI.

Family XCVIL ELEOTRID^ (Sleepers).

Eleotris (Gronow) Schneider.

480. Eleotris sandwicensis Vaillant and Sauvage. Oopii. (J. & E., p. 479.)
Common in shallow water.

ASTERROPTERYX Ruppell.

481. Asterropteryx semipunctatus Ruppell. (J. & E., p. 480.)

Common throughout the South Seas. Frequent on the reefs at Honolulu.

EviOTA Jenkins.

482. Eviota epiphanes Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 481.)

A minute fish of the reefs, never reaching an inch in length.

GoBioPTERUS Bleeker.

483. Gobiopterus farcimen Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 482.)
A small rock-fish. One specimen knowTi from Hilo.

Family XCVHI. GOBIID^ (Gobies).
QuiSQUiLius Jordan and Evermann.

484. Quisquilius eugenius Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 483.)

A very small fish. Not common. In the type of this species the two ventrals,
normally united, had been torn apart, hence the reference in Jordan and Evermann 's
general report to Gobiomorphus. Jaws with small canines.

78 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Bathygobius Bleeker.

(Mapo Smitt.)

485. Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell). Oopu. (J. & E., p. 483.)
Gobius alhopunctatus Cuvier and Valenciennes.

Gobius sandvicensis Giinther.

Exceedingly common throughout the South Seas in shallow water.

OxYURiCHTHYS Bleeker.

486. Oxyurichthys lonchotus (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 485.)

Common along the shore. Oxyurichthys differs from Gobiichthys Klunzinger
( Pselaphias Jordan and Seale) by the absence of the superorbital cirrus. Gobionel-
lus Girard has the tongue notched.

ViTRARiA Jordan and Evermann.

487. Vitraria clarescens Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 486.)
A minute translucent fish, scarce about the rocks at Hilo.

Chlamydes Jenkins.

488. Chlamydes laticeps Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 486.)
One small specimen from the coral-reefs.

Gnatholepis Bleeker.
(Hazeus Jordan and Snyder.)

489. Gnatholepis knighti Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 487.)
A small species, abundant in brackish water about Hilo.

Kelloggella Jordan and Seale.

490. KeUoggella oligolepis (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 488.)

A minute fish of the reefs. Not very common. It differs from the tj^e of
the genus, K. cardinalis, found in Samoa, in having a few scales posteriorly.

Chonophorus Poey.
{Awaous Steindachner.)
The name Chonophorus, July, 1860, apparently has priority over Aioaous,
"presented" on July 12 of the same year.

491. Chonophonxs genivittatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Oopu. (J. & E.,
p. 492.)

Common in brackish water.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 79

492. Chonophorus stamineus (Eydoux and Souleyet). Oopu. (J. & E., p. 493.)
The commonest of all the Hawaiian gobies, or Oopti, found everywhere in the

mouths of streams.

SicYDiuM Cuvier and Valenciennes.

493. Sicydium stimpsoni Gill. (J. & E., p. 489.)
A river-fish, locally abiuidant at Hilo.

494. Sicydium albotaeniatum Gimther. (J. & E., p. 490.)

A fish of the rivers, known only from a drawing by Garrett.

Lentipes Giinther.
(Sicyogaster Gill; preoccupied.)

495. Lentipes concolor (Gill). (J. & E., p. 491.)

Scarce in the rivers about Hilo. Body said to be wholly naked.

496. Lentipes seminudus Giinther. (J. & E., p. 491.)

One specimen recorded from a stream near Honolulu. Posterior half of body
with small scales, the anterior region naked.

Order JUGULARES.

Family XCIX. PARAPERCID^.

OsuRUS Jordan and Evermann.

497. Osurus schauinslandi (Steindachner). (J. & E., p. 475; G., p. 642.)
Parapercis pterostigma Jenkins.

Not rare at moderate depths.

Neopercis Steindachner.

498. Neopercis roseoviridis Gilbert. (G., p. 643.)
Two specimens, taken off Maui.

Bembrops Steindachner.

499. Bembrops filifera Gilbert. (G., p. 643.)
Deep water off Maui.

Chrionema Gilbert.

500. Chrionema chryseres Gilbert. (G., p. 645.)
Deep sea off Oahu.

501. Chrionema squamiceps Gilbert. (G., p. 646.)
Deep sea off Maui.

80 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Pteropsaron Jordan and Snyder.

502. Pteropsaron incisum Gilbert. (G., p. 647.)
Deep sea off Laysan.

Family C. CHAMPSODONTID^.

A singular family of imcertain relationships. The ventrals, although inserted
well forward, are said to be attached to the shoulder-girdle. This with other
features suggests affinities with the Parapercidw and other Trachinoid Jugulares.

Champsodon Gunther.

503. Champsodon fimbriatus Gilbert. (G., p. 648.)
Deep sea, Pailolo Channel.

Family CI. DRACONETTID^.
Draconetta Jordan and Fowler.

504. Draconetta hawaiiensis Gilbert. (G., p. 652.)
One specimen from the Pailolo Channel.

Family CII. CALLIONYMID^ (Dragonets).
Callionymus LinnfEUs.

505. Callionymus caeruleonotatus Gilbert. (G., p. 648.)
Pailolo Channel between Maui and Molokai.

506. Callionymus corallinus Gilbert. (G., p. 649.)

One specimen ; A van Channel between Maui and Lanai.

507. Callionymus rubrovinctus Gilbert. (G., p. 650.)
Off Molokai and ]\Iaui at moderate depths.

Calliurichthys Jordan and Fowler.

508. Calliurichthys decoratus Gilbert. (G., p. 651.)
About Oahu, Molokai, and Maui at moderate depths.

509. Calliurichthys astrinius^^ sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. (PI. IV, fig. 1.)
Type: No. 3903 Carnegie Museum. Honolulu Market. D. S. Jordan coll.
Head 3.8 to tip of preopercular spine in length to base of caudal; depth 7;

dorsal rays IV, 9; anal rays 8; pectoral 17; eye 3.4 in head as above; maxillary
3.4; snout 3.2 to tip of preopercular spine.

Body slender, though stouter than in C. decoratus; snout rather long and low;

'- astriimis from aaT-qp = star; Iv'iov = the najie.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 81

mouth small; the maxiUary not reaching front of orbit; eyes large, the bony
interorbital space not grooved; occipital region with two clusters of low bony
radiating ridges; preopercular spine long, straight, reaching past axil of anal and to
below second dorsal spine, its upper edge with about seven small serrse, a strong
spine directed forward at its base, lower edge of spine smooth ; no other spine on
head.

First ray of dorsal filamentous, reaching fifth soft ray, the others progressively
shorter; tip of last soft ray reaching just past base of caudal, the height of the
soft rays nearly twice that of the body below them; the rays subequal in height,
higher than all the dorsal spines, except the first; anal beginning and ending sUghtly
behind soft dorsal. Lateral line evident, forking on head and on base of tail,
extending on fourth caudal ray for a very short distance. Pectoral fin broad, not
symmetrical, 1.25 in head; ventrals longer, 1.1; caudal fin excessively long, as
usual in the males of this genus, half longer than head.

Color olivaceous brown above, white below, cheeks dusky; sides with quadrate
light gray spots, deeper than long and arranged in irregular quincunx, with roundish
dark spots and gray spots interspersed, those on back smaller, the pattern inde-
scribable, but well shown in the figure; head with round black spots and larger
gray ones; first dorsal with four or five dark cross-shades; the tips of the posterior
three spines darker, first or long spine with dark cross-bars. Soft dorsal with six
or seven rows of small dark spots intermingled with much smaller ones; caudal
with twelve cross series of small black spots; lower two-thirds of anal nearly white;
distal part black with small white spots'; ventrals with three or four rows of round
black spots; breast and opercles with fainter spots, similar in fashion ; pectorals
colorless.

This species is allied to Calliurichthys decoratus, differing in the less elongate
body and the coloration. The type is unique, presumably a male, judging from
the filamentous dorsal. It is nearly six inches long, including caudal.
510. Calliurichthys zanectes^^ sp. nov. Jordan and Jordan. (PI. IV, fig. 2.)

Type No. 3904 Carnegie Museum, Honolulu Market. D. Starr Jordan coll.

Head 3.33 in length to base of caudal; depth 8.5; dorsal rays 9; anal rays 8;
pectoral rays 15; eye 4.5 in head; snout 2.66 to end of preopercular spine; maxil-
lary 4.

Body very slender; head low; the snout rather long and depressed; the
maxillary not nearly reaching the front of eye; preopercular spine straight, rather
short, not reaching base of second dorsal spine, upper edge of the spine with a

" zanecles, derived from f d an intensive particle, and vi]KTr]s = swimmer.

82 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

series of eight or nine saw-teeth; a strong spine directed backward at base; back
of head with two groups of radiating bony ridges, a little plainer than in the pre-
ceding species; first dorsal spine not produced, barely longer than the second, all
of them lower than the soft rays. Caudal fin excessively long, a little longer than
the rest of the bodj^; first dorsal spine 1.75 in head; pectoral 1.166; ventral a
little longer than head; tips of dorsal and anal extending a little beyond base of
caudal. Lateral line well developed, with some branches on head.

Color dark olive above, pale below; sides with several vague dark cross-shades;
sides of back with irregular white spots, some of them quadrate and rather large,
others round and small, the lower series comma-shaped, the point turned downward
and backward; a larger round dark spot just below middle line at base of caudal;
head with small dark spots; first dorsal jet-black at tip; a white crescent setting
off the black margin, rest of fin white with small black spots and dark cross-shades.
Soft dorsal profusely covered with round black spots, arranged in sinuous rows,
among which are dark streaks. Caudal with black spots of various sizes, those at
its base smaller, the whole arranged in about ten irregular cross-bands. Distal
half of anal jet-black, basal part white. Ventrals and breast partlj^ white, with
some rather large irregular black spots. Pectorals with much smaller spots, growing
fainter below.

This interesting species is known from the type, which is ten and one half
inches long, including the caudal fin. It was found in the market at Honolulu.
It is nearest Calliurichthys astrinius from the same locality, but has a slenderer
body, the first dorsal spine lower, and the caudal longer. The short dorsal spine is
often characteristic of the female in this family, but the longer caudal indicates
the male. It is barelj^ possible that this may prove to be the female of C. astrinius.

Family CIII. CLINID^.

Enneapterygius Riippell.
{Enneanedes Jordan and Evermann.)

511. Enneapterygius atripes (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 496.)

Common in holes in the coral-reefs. A dainty little fish, rarelj^ two inches
long, found in Hawaii, as in Samoa, in company with species of Eviota.

Family CIV. BLENNID^ (Blennies).
Blennius Linnseus.

512. Blennius sordidus Bennett. (J. & E., p. 497.)
Recorded by Bennett from Hawaii.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: PISHES OF HAWAII. ■ 83

RupiscARTEs Swainson.
(Alticus (Commerson) Bleeker.)
Canines present; dorsal fin divided. The question of the pertinence of the
name Rupiscartes is not yet settled, and perhaps the older name Alticus should be
used, although non-binomial.

513. Rupiscartes variolosus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (J. & E., p. 497.)
South Seas. Rather rare about Hawaii.

514. Rupiscartes marmoratus (Bennett). (J. & E., p. 498.)
Hawaii. Quite common about the reefs.

515. Rupiscartes gibbifrons (Quoy and Gaimard). (J. & E., p. 498.)
Salarias rutilus Jenkins.

Rather rare. A fish of the reefs.

Salarias Cuvier.

516. Salarias zebra Vaillant and Sauvage. (J. &E., p. 501.)
Salarias cypJw Jenkins.

Very abundant along the reefs.

517. Salarias edentulus (Bloch and Schneider).

Reported from Laysan and Honolulu, but not seen by us.

ExALLiAS Jordan and Evermann.

518. Exallias brevis (Kner). Pao'okauila. (J. & E., p. 503.)
Rather rare.

Enchelyurus Peters.

519. Enchelyurus ater (Giinther). (J. & E., p. 500.)
A very small fish, not rare on the reefs.

Family CV. CONGROGADID.E.
CoNGROGADUs Giinther.

520. Congrogadus marginatus Vaillant and Sauvage. (J. & E., p. 504.)
Known only from the type, said to be from Hawaii.

Family CVI. BROTULID^.
Brotula Cuvier.

521. Brotula marginalis Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 507.)
Scarce.

522. Brotula multicirrata Vaillant and Sauvage. (J. & E., p. 508.)
Rare.

84 • MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family CVII. LYCODAPODIDtE
Snyderidia Gilbert.

523. Snyderidia canina Gilbert. (G., p. 655.)
Deep sea, off Kauai.

Family CVIII. FIERASFERID^ (Pearl-fishes).

( CarapidcE.)

Fierasfer Cuvier.

{Carapiis Rafinesque, in part.)

524. Fierasfer microdon Gilbert. (G., p. 655.)
Avan Channel. One specimen known.

525. Fierasfer homei (Richardson) . (J. & E., p. 535.)

One specimen from the interior of a Holothurian {Stichopus) .

JoRDANicus Gilbert.

526. Jordanicusumbratilis (Jordan and Evermann). (J. &E.,p. 505; G., p. 656.)
Piiako Bay. One specimen known. Being entirely black in color, it probably

inhabits lava-rocks, rather than the interior of Holothm'ians or large lamellibranchs.

Order PLECTOGNATHI.

Suborder SCLERODERML

(This group is clearly connected with the Squamipennes.)

Family CIX. BALISTID.E (Trigger-fishes).

SuFFLAMEN Jordan.

(Pachynathus Swainson. Name preoccupied as Pachygnathus, of which the

International Commission of Nomenclature regards it as a misprint. Cf. Jordan,

Copeia, 1916, p. 27. Archet^^^e Balistes capistratus Shaw.)

This genus is near Balistes, differing in the convex caudal, the low, more or
less rounded dorsal and anal, and in the presence of spines or tubercles on the
caudal peduncle. Ventral flap with small thick spines. Lateral line incomplete.
A groove before the eye as in Balistes.

527. SufHamen vidua (Solander). Humuhvmu hiukole; Humnhumu uli. (J. &
E., p. 409.)

South Seas. Not common at Honolulu.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 85

528. Sufflamen bursa (Lacepedc). Humuhumnlei. fj. & E., p. 410.)
South Seas. Rather common at Honohilu.

529. Sufflamen capistratus (Shaw). Humuhumu numi; Mimi. (J. & E., p. 411.)
Common. Known by the golden ring around the mouth, witli a pale streak

behind it, this often wanting.

530. Sufflamen fuscolineatus (Sealc). (J. & E., p. 409.)
Rare. Known only from the types.

531. Sufflamen nycteris (Jordan and Evermann). (J. & E., p. 408.)
Known only from the type. Scales very small; color black.

Balistapus Tilesius.

532. Balistapus rectangulus (Bloch and Schneider). Humuhumu nukunuku
apua'a. (J. & E., p. 413.)

Rather common.

533. Balistapus aculeatus (Linnaeus). (J. & E., p. 414.)
South Seas. Not rare in Hawaii.

Canthidermis Swainson.

534. Canthidermis angulosus (Quoy and Gaimard). (J. & E., p. 415.) (PI. IV,
fig. 3; C. M. No. 3905).

This species, the type of the genus Canthidermis, has not been seen since it
was first described by Quoy and Ciaimard from Hawaii in 1824. We present a
figure of a fine example found in the Honolulu market by Mr. Grinnell in August,
1921.

535. Canthidermis aureolus (Richardson). (J. & E., p. 415.)
Recorded from Laysan by Steindachner.

Xanthichthys Kaup.

536. Xanthichthys lineopunctatus (Hollard). (J. & E., p. 416.)
Xanthichthys mento Jordan and Gilbert.

Rare. Lately taken off San Diego, as well as at Glarion Island.

Melichthys Swainson.

537. Melichthys radula (Solander).. HumuJmmu eleele. (J. & E., p. 417.)
Not common.

86 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family CX. MONACANTHID.E (Leather-jackets).
Cantherines Swainson.

538. Catherines sandwichiensis (Qiioy and Gaimard). O'ililepa; Ohua. (J. &
E., p. 418.)

Catherines caroloe Jordan and McGregor.
Not rare.

539. Cantherines albopunctatus (Seale). (J. & E., p. 420.)

Rare. Also recorded from Tahiti by Regan as Pseudomonacanthus multimacu-
latus.

Stephanolepis Gill.

540. Stephanolepis spilosomus (Lay and Bennett). Oili uwiwi. (J. & E., p. 420.)
Common at intervals. Its appearance is said to precede the death of some

great personage.

541. Stephanolepis pricei Snyder. (J. & E., p. 421.)
Deep water off Kauai. Only one specimen known.

Alutera Cuvier.
§ Osbeckia Jordan and Evermann.

542. Alutera liturosa Shaw. O'ililepa; Ohua. (J. & E., p. 422.)

Osbeckia scripta Jordan and Evermann. Perhaps the same as Alutera scripta
(Osbeck) the type of which from the Canaries represents the Atlantic form.
Not common. The young show little trace of the characteristic markings.

§ Alutera Cuvier.

543. Alutera monoceros (Osbeck). Loulu. (J. & E., p. 423.)

Common in the South Seas. Kno^\^l from Honolulu onl}' from a painting by
Mrs. Dillingham.

Suborder GYMNODONTES.

Family CXL TETRAODONTID^ (Puffers).

Lagocephalus Swainson.

544. Lagocephalus oceanicus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 425.)
Known by two examj^les from the Honolulu market.

Spheroides Lacepede.

545. Spheroides florealis (Cope). (J. & E., p. 426.)
Rare about Hawaii,

J

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAWAII. 87

Tetraodon Linnaeus.

(Arothron Mliller and Henle.)
The relations of the Pacific species, representing the section called Oroides,
to the original Tetraodon lineatus of Egypt have not been determined. According
to Gill the skull differs materially in the two groups.

§ Ovoides Cuvier.

546. Tetraodon hispidus Linnaeus. Maki-maki; Oopuhue; Keke. (J. & E., p.
427.)

Very abundant and widely distributed. The flesh is reported to be extremely
poisonous, as the name Maki ( = death) indicates.

547. Tetraodon lacrymatus (Cuvier). (J. & E., p. 429.)
Arothron ophryas Cope.

Ovoides latifrons Jenkins.

Rare. Originally described from Hawaii, but not taken bj^ us.

Family CXIL CANTHIGASTERID^.

Canthigaster Swainson.

(Tropidichthys Bleeker; Eumyderias Jcnkms.)

548. Canthigaster jactator (Jenkins) . (J. & E., p. 430.)
Rare.

549. Canthigaster oahuensis (Jenkins). (J. & E., p. 432.)
Rare.

550. Canthigaster cinctus (Solander). (J. & E., p. 433.)
South Seas. Rare at Honolulu.

55 L Canthigaster psegma Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 433.)
Two specimens known; commoner in Samoa.

552. Canthigaster janthinus (Vaillant and Sauvage). (J. & E., i). 434.)
Known only from the original type.

553. Canthigaster epilamprus (Jenkins). Puu olai. (J. & E., p. 434.)
Known only from the type.

554. Canthigaster bitaeniatus Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 435.)

Known only from the type. Perhaps the same as the Japanese Canthigaster
rivulatus.

88 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family CXIII. DI0D0NTIDJ5 (Porcupine-fishes).
Chilomycterus Bibron.

555. Chilomycterus affinis Glinther. (J. & E., p. 438.)
Chilomycterus calif orniensis Eigenmann.

Not rare about Honolulu, where we have lately taken a large example.

DiODON Linnaeus.

556. Diodon hystrix Linnseus. (J. & E., p. 437.)
Scarce.

557. Diodon holacanthus Linnseus. (J. & E., p. 436.)
I jays an.

558. Diodon nudifrons Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 438.)
Rare.

Family CXIV. MOLID^ (Head-fishes).

MoLA Kolreuter.
(Mola Cuvier; Orthagoriscus Bloch.)

559. Mola mola (Linnseus).

One example has been recorded in the local press as having been taken at
Honolulu.

Fig. 7. Masiurus lanceolalus (Li6nard). J>om a cast four feet long in the Bernice Paualii Bishop

Museum, Honolulu.

JORDAN AND JORDAN: FISHES OF HAAVAII. 89

Masturus Gill.
(Cf. Gill, Proc. U. S. N. M., VII, 1884, p. 425.)
Caudal fin pointed; otherwise much as in Mola.

560. Masturus lanceolatus (Lienard).
Orlhagoriscxis oxyuropterus Bleeker.

The Bishop Museum contains a cast four feet long of this very rare species.
Of this cast we present a photograph. The posterior parts are marked with many
small white spots. This is the third si)ecimen of a Masturus on record.

Ranzania Nardo.

561. Ranzania makua Jenkins. Makua; Apahu. (J. & E., p. 440.)

Four examples are now known from Honolulu and one from Japan. A fine
cast of a large example is in the Bishop Museum. It is very doubtful whether the
species is distinct from Ranzania tnmcata Nardo, of the Atlantic.

This strange fish is very handsomely colored in life, as Dr. Jenkins' excellent
plate shows.

Suborder OSTRACODERMI.

Family CXV. OSTRACTID.E (Trunk-fishes).

Ostracion Linnpeus.

562. Ostracion sebae Bleeker. Moa. (J. & E., p. 442.)
Ostracion camurum Jenkins.

Abundant about Honolulu.

563. Ostracion oahuense Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 443.)
Rather scarce.

564. Ostracion lentiginosum Bloch and Schneider. Oopakaku. (J. & E., p. 443.)
South Seas. Rare at Honolulu.

Lactoria Jordan and Fowler.

565. Lactoria schlemmeri Jordan and Snjder. (J. & E., p. 444.)
Laysan.

566. Lactoria galeodon Jenkins. (J. & E., p. 445.)
Rare about Honolulu.

Capropygia Gray.
{ Kentrocapros Kaup.)
This genus differs from Aracana in having the carapace six-ridged.

567. Capropygia spilonota (Gilbert). (G., p. 627.)
Laysan, rare.

90 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Order PEDICULATI.

Family CXVI. LOPHIID^ (Fishing-frogs).

LoPHioMus Gill.

568. Lophiomus miacanthus Gilbert. (G., p. 691.)
Deep seas off Hawaii.

Family CXVII. ANTENNARIID^ (Sea-toads).
Antennarius (Commerson) Lacepede.

569. Antennarius sandvicensis (Bennett). (J. & E., p. 518.)
Rare.

570. Antennarius commersoni Lacepede. (J. & E., p. 518.)
South Seas. Found at Honolulu by Jenkins.

571. Antennarius leprosus Eydoux and Souleyet. (J. & E., p. 519.)
Rare. Known onty from Honolulu.

572. Antennarius laysanius Jordan and Snyder. (J. & E., p. 520.)
Laysan. Only one specimen is known.

573. Antennarius bigibbus Lacepede. (J. & E., p. 520.)
South Seas. Rare about Hawaii.

574. Antennarius drombus Jordan and Evermann. (J. & E., p. 521.)
South Seas. Rare.

575. Antennarius duescus Snyder. (J. & E., p. 522.)
Occasional at moderate depths.

576. Antennarius nexilis Snyder. (J. & E., p. 523.)
Honolulu. Onlj' one specimen known.

Family CXYHI. CHAUNACID^.
Chaunax Lowe.

577. Chaunax umbrinus Gilbert. (G., p. 693.)

Deep sea. Pailolo Channel. Only one specimen known.

Family CXIX. CERATIID.^ (Sea-devils).
IVIioPSARAS Gilbert.

578. Miopsaras myops Gilbert. (G., p. 694.)
Deep sea off Kauai. Only one specimen knowm.

JORDAN AND JORDAN! FISHES OF HAWAII. 91

Family CXX. OGCOCEPHALID.E (Sea-bats).
Malthopsis Alcock.

579. Malthopsis mitrigera Gilbert and Cramer. (G., p. 695.)
Deep sea, abundant.

580. Malthopsis jordani Gilbert. (G., p. 695.)
Deep sea, not rare.

Halieut^a Cuvier and Valenciennes.

581. Halieutaea retifera Gilbert. (G., p. 696.)
Deep sea, not rare.

DiBRANCHUs Peters.

582. Dibranchus erythrinus Gilbert. (G., p. 697.)
Deep sea off Kauai. One specimen known.

583. Dibranchus stellulatus Gilbert. (G., p. 698.)
Deep sea off Maui. One specimen known.

INTRODUCED SPECIES.

Order EVENTOGNATHL

Family CYPRINID^.

Cyprinus Linnaeus.

Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. (Carp.) (J. & E., p. 527.)

Carp have been (unfortunately) introduced into ponds on Maui and Kauai.

Carassius Nilsson.

Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). Gold-fish. (J. & E., pp. 527, 532.)
The common gold-fish from Japan has escaped into streams.

Order NEMATOGNATHI.

Family AMEIURID^.

Ameiurus Rafinesque (Catfish).

Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur). (J. & E., p. 530.)

The common catfish of the Potomac has been taken from California to Hilo.
Its fate is unknoA\Ti.

92 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family CLARIID^.
Clarias (Gronow) Scopoli.
Clarias fuscus (Lacepede). (J. & E., p. 530.)

Introduced from China; said to be occasionally taken about Honolulu.

Order HAPLOMI.
FamUy CYPRINODONTID^.
Gambusia Poey (Top-minnows).
Gambusia afl&nis Baird and Girard.

Introduced from Galveston, Texas, by Mr. Alvin Seale to kill mosquitoes.
Now abundant in fresh-water pools.

Order LABYRINTHICI.
Family OPHICEPHALID^.
Ophicephalus Bloch.
Ophicephalus striatus Bloch. (J. & E., p. 533.)

Introduced by the Chinese into ponds about Honolulu; and now said to
be common.

FamUy CENTRARCHID^.

(Micropteridce.)
MiCROPTERUs Lacepede.
Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede.)

A species of Black Bass was brought to Hilo in 1897 and placed in the Wailuke
River. It is supposed that all were swept away by a freshet soon after they were
planted.

ADDENDA.

No. 133a. Hynienocephalus tenuis Gilbert and Hubbs, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Vol. LIV, 1919, p. 173.
Deep seas. Off Oahu, dredged by "Albatross."

This species was unfortunately overlooked during the preparation of
the manuscript.
No. 254. Since the paged proof of this article went to press Mr. John T.
Nichols has published this species in the "American Museum
Novitates," No. 50, p. 2.

-^s

6 g-

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. X.

Plate III.

1. Ccntropj/gc pottvri ^.Ionian i^- Mc-tz.) Adult inali>. No. 3901, C. M. Honolulu.
2. Centropygc tiituila' Jordan it .Jordan. T^-jio. No. 3902, C. M. Samoa.
3. ChciUnm bimaculatus Cnx. ik \i\\. No. 3900, C. M. Honolulu.

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