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EVERYMAN'S  LIBRARY 
EDITED  BY  ERNEST  RHYS 


REFERENCE 


J       3    a  '  »     »       J  J  ,     ,     ♦ 


J       J 


A     LITERARY    AND 

HISTORICAL    ATLAS 

OF    ASIA 


THE  PUBLISHERS  OF  SFS^TM^S^S 
LIB^/l^Hjr  WILL  BE  PLEASED  TO  SEND 
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VOLUMES  TO  BE  COMPRISED  UNDER 
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TRAVEL     1^     SCIENCE     ^     FICTION 

THEOLOGY   &   PHILOSOPHY 

HISTORY         ^         CLASSICAL 

FOR      YOUNG      PEOPLE 

ESSAYS   ^   ORATORY 

POETRY  &  DRAMA 

BIOGRAPHY 

REFERENCE 

ROMANCE 


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IN  FOUI^  ^STYLES^  OF  BINDINQ  :^  CLOTH, 
FLAT;^*  ii4GKi;  C<<I;9iJR;El)  TOl*.;  .LEATHER, 
ROUND  CORNERS,  GILT  TOP;  LIBRARY 
BINDING  IN  CLOTH,  &  QUARTER  PIGSKIN 


London  :  J.  M.  DENT  &  SONS,  Ltd. 
New  York:    E.  P.   DUTTON  &  CO. 


. 


p 


A  LITE  RARY  5 
HISTORICAL 

ATLAS   OF 
ASIA  'V®-® 

J  G.BARTHOLOMEW  LLD 


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LONDON:PUBUSHED 
JbyJMDENTSSONSiS 
ANP  IN  NEW  YORK 
BY  EP.  DUTTONSCO 

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INTRODUCTION 


Fourth  in  the  series  of  special  atlases  designed  for  "  Every- 
man's Library  "  the  present  volume  deals  with  the  countries  of 
Asia,  whose  history  and  geography,  and  whose  possibilities, 
great  and  grave,  are  alike  reflected  in  the  maps  and  charts  that 
follow.  When  Queen  Elizabeth  granted  to  certain  merchants 
of  London  a  charter  that  gave  them  a  roving  commission  to 
trade  in  the  East  Indies,  she  could  not  foresee  the  immense 
developments  that  were  to  rise  from  that  adventurous  com- 
merce between  east  and  west.  The  successive  maps  of  India 
with  their  frontier  changes  mark  the  gradual  advance  of  an  old 
world  toward  the  new  one  knit  by  powerful  mutual  ties  to  the 
Isle  of  Britain;  and  recently  we  have  seen  what  it  is  to  be  hoped 
will  open  a  greater  era  for  those  regions,  marked  by  a  return  to 
the  old  capital  of  Delhi,  and  a  resuming  of  ancient  rites  which 
first  gained  their  symbolism  in  those  lands. 

But  Asia,  as  Japan  has  taught  us  and  as  China  will  un- 
doubtedly teach  us  again,  has  her  own  destiny  to  bear  out, 
apart  from  our  European  interests  and  politics;  and  it  is  in 
that  aspect  we  need  to  study  her  on  the  lines  laid  down  and 
made  clear  and  positive  in  this  volume.  It  is  not  the  military 
records,  the  charts  of  mutinies  and  battle-fields,  interesting  as 
they  are,  which  are  alone  important;  but  those  showing  the 
conditions,  physical  and  climatic,  of  the  country;  the  dispersion 
of  the  tongues,  the  sites  of  the  old  religions,  the  wealth  and  tillage 
of  the  earth  with  its  fruits,  grain  and  minerals,  its  rice  fields  and 
tea  plantations;  the  prevalence  of  rain,  sun  and  trade-winds; 
and  the  course  of  the  sea-roads  that  affect  its  human  and 
industrial  life. 

A  gazetteer  does  not  always  seem  to  the  ordinary  man  a  very 
entertaining  thing,  but  in  this  of  Asia  its  compiler.  Miss  Grant, 
has  tried  to  mark  in  brief,  close  compacted  in  small  type,  the 
place-associations,  historical  and  other,  that  give  life  to  the 
names  of  town  or  country.  She  has  related  them  to  the  books 
that  have  dealt  with  them,  and  the  events  they  have  witnessed : 
given  Ning-po  its  allusion  to  Marco  Polo's  travels,  and  Madras 
its  San  Thome  pedigree,  connected  Palmyra  with  Tamerlane, 

vii 

2G1223 


viii  Introduction 

and  Puri,  Bengal,  with  the  gold  tooth  of  the  Buddha  and  the 
Temple  of  Vishnu's  incarnation.  In  the  Brief  Survey  of  the 
Coins  and  Coinage,  Mr.  J.  Allan  (of  the  Coins  and  Medal  Depart- 
ment, British  Museum)  has  traced  the  record  from  Lydia,  six 
centuries  and  more  B.C.,  to  our  own  time.  His  notes  .on  the 
Phoenician  coins — "  tetradrachms  of  Tyre  with  a  dolphin  or 
the  god  Melkart  riding  on  a  sea-horse,"  or  an  owl  with  a  crook 
and  a  flail  (Egyptian  royal  symbols);  or  the  double  shekels  of 
Sidon  with  a  galley,  sails,  or  oars,  before  a  walled  city  on  one 
side,  and  a  king  of  Persia  on  the  other — show  how  much  of 
history  a  set  of  coins,  apparently  so  secretive,  may  hidejn  their 
silver  and  gold  impressions. 

In  this  Asian  Atlas,  of  small  dimensions  as  it  requires  to  be  to 
fit  its  pocket,  Irkutsk  in  the  north,  "  far  Mandalay,"  the  details 
of  the  East  and  West  Indies,  the  route  of  Marco  Polo,  coasts 
like  the  Camatic,  towns  like  Lucknow  and  Cawnpore,  Lhasa, 
"  the  Forbidden  City"  of  Tibet,  and  Matsuye,  the  old  capital  of 
Idzumo,  which  Lafcadio  Heam  describes,  all  have  their  record. 
It  remains  to  be  said,  that  as  in  other  volumes  of  the  same  set. 
Dr.  Bartholomew  of  Edinburgh  has  acted  as  cartographer;  and 
the  editor  and  publishers  wish  to  acknowledge  his  large  practical 
aid  in  the  design  of  the  atlas.  Also,  they  owe  a  word  of  thanks 
to  Mr.  William  Foster  of  the  India  Office  for  his  expert  advice. 

Finally,  they  wish  to  dedicate  the  volume  to  the  people  and 
the  princes  of  India,  Japan,  and  the  other  countries  of  which 
it  is  a  memorial,  believing  in  their  great  future. 

E.  R. 


CONTENTS 


COLOURED  MAPS 


The  World  according  to  Hecat^us,  b.c.  500 
The  World  according  to  Eratosthenes,  b.c.  220 

QUADRANS   HaBITABILIS   ACCORDING  TO   AbU   RiHAN 

a.d.  1030 
Egyptian  Empire,  b.c.  1450 
Babylonian  Empire,  b.c.  560 
Persian  Empire  at  its  greatest  Extent,  525  b.c. 
Empire  of  Alexander  the  Great,  325  b 
Asia  Minor   . 

Palestine,  Old  Testament 
Palestine,  New  Testament 
Asia,  Early  Explorers 
Asia,  Thirteenth  Century 
Asia,  about  1740   . 
India,  1705    . 
India,  1765    . 
India,  1805    . 
India,  1857    . 
The  Far  East,  1800 
Russian  Advances  in  Central  Asia 
The  World  on  Mercator's  Projection,  showing 

Asia        .... 
Asia — Orographical 

River  Basins 

January  Temperature 

July  Temperature 

January  Rainfall 

July  Rainfall    . 

Mean  Annual  Rainfall 

Vegetation 

Races 

Religions  . 

Population 

Political    . 
Economic  Map  of  Asia  on  Mercator's  Projection 
Trade  Routes  of  Asia  on  Mercator's  Projection 
Turkey  in  Asia,  Arabia,   Persia,  Afghanistan,  and  Balu 
chistan  ......... 

ix 


fAGE 

•                       • 

I 

. 

2 

Birunensij 

• 

3 

. 

4 

. 

5 

•                        • 

6,7 

•                    • 

.         8,9 

. 

.     10,  II 

. 

12 

. 

13 

. 

•     14,  15 

•                       • 

16 

»                    • 

17 

. 

18 

»                        • 

19 

. 

20 

. 

21 

. 

22,  23 

• 

•     24,  25 

Routes 

tc 

. 

26,27 

. 

28 

• 

29 

. 

30 

. 

31 

• 

32 

• 

33 

. 

34 

• 

35 

• 

36 

. 

37 

. 

38 

• 

39 

• 

40,41 

. 

42,43 

44,  45 


X 


Contents 


Asia  Minor,  Syria,  etc. 

Suez  Canal   . 

Aden     .... 

Orographical  Central  Asia,  with  Indian  Frontiers 

Indian  Empire       ..... 

Products  of  India         .... 

Bombay,  Berar,  and  part  of  Central  India 

Punjab,  Sind,  Rajputana,  Kashmir,  etc. 

United  and  Central  Provinces,  Bengal,  Assam,  etc. 

Madras,  Haidarabad,  Mysore,  and  Ceylon 

Environs  of  Bombay    . 

Environs  of  Calcutta 

Orographical  Farther  India 

Burma  .... 

Malay  States 

SlAM  AND  InDO-ChINA       . 

The  Far  East,  Economic 

East  Indies  . 

Java      .... 

Philippine  Islands 

Island  of  Singapore 

Hong-Kong  . 

China  and  Japan  . 

Northern  China    . 

Southern  China    . 

Environs  of  Peking  and  Shanghai 

Environs  of  Hong-Kong  and  Manila 

Japan    ...... 

Korea  and  Manchuria  . 

Central  Japan       .... 

Environs  of  Tokio 

Environs  of  Port-Arthur  and  Nagasaki 

Siberia 

Environs  of  Vladivostok 


A  BRIEF  SURVEY  OF  THE  COINAGES  OF  ASIA,  From 
THE  Earliest  Times  to  the  Present  Day,  by  J.  Allan, 
M.A.,  M.R.A.S 


Contents 


XI 


LINE  MAPS 


PAGE 

Battle  of  Sirangapatam,  February  1792          .         .         .         .  130 

Battle  of  Assaye,  September  1803           .....  131 

Battle  of  Meanee,  February  1843            .          .          .          .          .  131 

Battle  of  Aliwal,  January  1846     .         .         .         .         .         .  132 

i  Battle  OF  SoBRAON,  February  1846           .          .          .          .          .  132 

I  Indian  Mutiny,  showing  Distribution  of  Troops,  May  1857  .  133 

j  Aryan  Languages  of  India   .......  134 

jNon-Arya^  Languages  of  India    ......  135 

Sites  of  Ancient  Indian  Temples  .....  136,  137 

Military  Divisions  of  India           .         .         .         .         .         .  138 

IDelhi    ...........  139 

LucKNOW       ..........  140 

Cawnpore      ..........  141 

Lahore          .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  142 

Rangoon       .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  143 

Lhasa,  "  The  Forbidden  City  "      .         .         .         .         .         .  144 

A  Gazetteer  of  Towns  and  Places  in  Asia  having  an  Historic 

Interest          .         ,         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  145 

Index   ...........  173 


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r?^??™. 


AUSTft,AI 


Ell  ice  If:  Vy^  _,    .^     SturiMbkl. 

'Hr""  .«^^     %"/^/*V/^        •p^^e.o.i' 
Santa  Crujlf  ,    J^SanwaP 

►  ebrid^s^ftpiii^  ^^    -^^^H''^-..  ■ry.^f'r"r^i^  P 


—      /-TOnf  a 

L^.  ,    ^"stme^-^Nor^olk  i:\! 
BrisbaafY         y-^  f 

lli  .^■UrnlHtwel.       fv:M 


,>.i<rnlH<we.l.      /  •.•.Kermadeclf_ 


Wilkes  Lb h«F^ 


R     C    T 


JNl  T-ED 


ji^a 


'  ■•  .  :.  ■■:■■■ -.low Arch.?  ^  *^ 

Tf        .Hetvey  or     7  >"'' 

■      ■ -jCpSii  I?        ■■: ^.■'      Duciel, 


Lnteaifn  I. 


-^2^^^. 


■^. 


60 


40 


20 


>5ziti 


«^40 


'■^^'jfi^ei 


■-^S'. 


'»" 


"ifewiO 


ON   MEIRCATORS    PROJECTION. 
SHOWT:ifG 

ROUTES  TO  ASIA 


80 


Joim^arttialrrmgw  &  Co.,  EdmV 


28. 


50 


o.oQO  feet. 


60 


70 


80 


90 


100 


no 


120 


SECTiaN  ACROSS  ASIA  FROM  THE    CASPIAN  TO   CHINA 

JSiai/7nan/oZ3,aoo  ft 

DateaoLaf  Tibet 


Sea  CasjrianS- 


ShaaSiai 


Joka Bartholomew  &  Co  .Edin? 


30. 


20 


ASIA 

JANUARY  TEMPERATURE 

The  figures  indicate  the 

,      Temperature  in  Deg.  Fahr. 

I                    I  J 

50 60 70 


/i  N 


English  Miles 

O  500 

I  I 

80  90 


'  s  I  la  fl,,ci  s       ; 


Mean  Monthly  Temperature  at  Batavia,  Trichinopoli  &  Cochin 


^^_^^^^^ 

T  .T^'^Jij 

JOPOLI 
■  iiiw  muu 

.,_ 

^. 

M^SMMCM 

";3iimitr 

BATAVIAj 

F-  •       -^ 



••• "'"'- 

338nw^ 

iiaigg 

gggmg 

1 

JAN. 


FEB. 


MAR.    APRIL    MAY 


JUNE    JULY    AUG.    SEPT.    OCT     NOV.     DE 


v^* 


^'^''-  W  /I  („«?^ 


Andaman  r/Mergji 


Wy&I  __  V^  WW  #ilr^^^®^  /v^   ^'5"^ 


ASIA 

JULY  TEMPERATURE 

The  figures  indicate  the 

Temperature  in  Deg.  Fahr. 

\  I  1 


iO 


20 


Mean  Monthly  Temperature  at  Honq-Kong,  Tokio  &  Pekin 


Jcthn  BajTtlialiimew  &  Co.^iirf 


Jakix.Ba3?tkoliazii0W  &  Co;7iSaii^ 


ASIA 

MEAN  ANNUAL  RAINFALL 

The  figures  indicate  the 
Rainfall  in  Inches 

1 

60 


Percentage  of 

Rainy  Days  in  each   Month 

% 

90 

,— 

IH^.^ 

V 

A 

^^ 

N 

fev 

/ 

x^. 

60 

50 
40 
30 
20 
10 

n 

i 

Vo 

,  0^"<> 

3^..# 

^ 

;£f-" 

^,' 

^  ^'°- 

^V-^ 

/ 

%^ 

r'' 

•^ 

<b^>- 

i  ^ 

S!_BERm 

^■^^ 

*S;~- 

■■■. 

*v 

. 

vo^,'-' 

-;71--'   ■■ 

^S. 

"■■-•-. 

-x 

■•••-.■:.-:.-.j---"'~-- 

'JZ.'-'r-'--'rrm< 

\KT     Cf"^ 

"■■           i                    '       ~"^ 

k^ 

^<«ii^ 

«---i,„-^ 

tt^"^^ 

1       i 

^s 

JAN. 


FEB  MA«.        APRIL  MAY  JUNE  JULY  AUG.  SEPT.  OCT.  NOV.  DB 


John  BaJtkolQmewA  Co-.Eclii^ 


JokaBartkoiciiaeiv  &  Co-,-Edin.7 


Regions  at  present  engaged  in 

Internaticnal  Commerce 
Regions  capable  of  Commercial  Development 

but  at  present  undeveloped 
Regions  open  to  Commercial  Enterprise  only 

during  Summer  months 
Barren  and  Desert  Regions  incapable  of 

Commercial  Development 


ECONOMIC  MAP 

OF 


^ 


45 


60 


ON  MERCATORS  PROJECTION 


75 


~    \'..^ r'-''    1^     \rT      v,^^-— ^— ■^'XO^^'vT- 


dtvnanR 


'^ 


^• 


^."•' 


'i^«7to'^v 


Tovo 


^ 


[GaRoP: 

^...., ' :^m^ 


R,K;CH,N/g/^^^^'  jy^i^ 


jTuon 


O  C  jF  ^  iV 


E  g^irator 


SundaSti^ 


■^    CocQS  or 


Jstya.  Sect  '•• 

'ruhaya,^- 
JBanyuM'angi  ■    •^'^^^^ 
'Christmas  1. 


15 


tT  Sandahr  pod 


I  JhursaqyJr^ 


^a'^J. 


nanq 
roftHavv/ctVii 


90 


1j05 


120 


133 


John  Bartliolomaew  <9is  Cov^con^ 


42. 


4-5 


60 


75 


tarosliw 


Nyri»^fbvffo 


Orel 


.^oZ 


ikaterinhi 


UTraZisJiy^ 


A 

^Tobolsk 


Turffot 


'tUnsit/ 


c^ 


Sentipoiati 


T   U   R 


^OKHARA. 

Faitideh  ^^^^'^  ^yOdt^H 
terat 


BALUCHI  ST, 


|AST  -  ArFfi^  CT^^^^^^^jQ^ 

'  "  'vfc.  "  ■    'Yarcjuharl. 


Amlraixtes :  .  ^^JJfaA 

.I'rov  iiienc&I. 


3orrJS0- 


J  Wiy-'-jJA  js-        o~^''t^-^j^^  A^Js 


y< 


'ohdic)ierKi. 

^      ) 


j. Seychelles  h 


TRADE  ROUTES 

or 


ON   MERCATORS    PROJECTION 

HadObyays  shawrv  thzLS 

Steamship  distances  in  JfauticaZ  Mil&s 
Britisi-  Posses  sions  coloxir  ed  Hed 


45 


60 


43. 


Des  ert    o 


> 


MU'-cAau' 


\^M     E    S    Ev^  E 


lienmi 

IT. 

P    l/R    E 


Lanr^uMw 


CHIN 
a// 


.  .        „     n-sarv 
Kai-tkur 

SjB  a.  -r^ 


'^ro^ 


Ltoa  rTt.^^rJf  ?v. V " 

Icffmosai.      j>   4   r' 


\Tai^i 


zAt 


s-^-T:?  ^t^ 


^langKoi^g  . 


Tenc  ng  W&Om.'. 


iai 

'(GttJLEqt 
Si'anl 


Tadav^  "^ 


% 


SundaJSG'; 


"^^  Cocos  or 


"'finmd 


Lozon 


o  c 


I  F  I  C 


H  AIT 


Celebes  Sea?'" 


lliton  ^ 

Jscya^  SesL 
stana' Ma^as^ 

'Qu'istmasl.        i  or^t 


^«^ 


Vdewlf 

I  E  S 


15 


I'oi'tDarwiTt 


90 


105 


120 


jQ]mBart]ioljainew&  Co-.lldiT 


44. 


503      L     A      C     JB[\ 


""  jj      —     —      —      -^ 


(5  .^aw'f* 


./M:c 


»0 


25 


20 


X5 


'  Zaial^VM 


0(^ 


^. 


J.     — ^_ (- -.^  iani^ 


O 


i«t4c. 


ran 
D 


e  ^ 


r  t 


JfMh 


ViT, 


tefzcdy  D 


E/  G 


I 


l2|      /^      ""^. 


jSi*<y* 


'CS,. 


w^^^ 

f 

''^' 


/     i  ^     -Y^lA^^  ' 


M 


^s  e. 


CV7V 


r-t 


V  3 


Jidda! 


P-S^j 


Wlo. 


Ihiiff^ 


f"^  Sudan 


"^1 


~ — = — IiAS_____SEii 

Sore  imiue  *  -^  or  el 

ScLndj^  Deser 


^ 


SclL^ 


^.  s.  i(r 
3i" 


or 


\«^• 


^i 


J 


(tt  1-DamaA 

^  '5  -I  c«^    'aaooan.     nr^x. 

*^- s  %      ■■■•■•.  L*'*"^<"'"'^^«*'^ 


ft^*^ 


55 


40 


*-  z«Zik 


%5,;^^ 


4f5. 


65 

^^  "^  ^ Kbi^r<^^  ir' 

^      ,--,       \T ^ m3^^ 


Charji 


'^i^J^ 


&^ 


S£ 


fty(*r 


{         H 


n  ;■ 


lIO^'l/ 


iQjif^ 


mr 


v- 


•■  r-,  -•     V-.-'      \X<'>„.>%,yf«'^    .    1=,?      #      % 

-r»  lil         Vr-'  \  J*.  1    =  i  '-^^ 


'1         ■         -N 


so 


46. 


30 


'lev-  -'^'U,-^^    Q%r  »r^''^''**>^ 


Zeros% 

9  ..?c>;\^-  —:«?[. ^ 


^  ...•■■•-5^     cr°  C:^  ite>^   C.-^/i^?^_^  n         I 


ii  (Albppo 


«, 


^ar>ufP<i|' 


'o2 


V 


^  \^   ^    N  E    A    N  ^^^"^^^^^^s^^-^msicu 


S   E    A 


J 


Saiaariyehi 


^M-'..^^ 


-^1 


'_el    h'f 


ifi-^ 


t 


F  Ji'ea 


yfeh 


Gara 


of 


Oasis  of 


Setra!'  t 


;si^:w  ^  I  >^°Er^ 


,« ;; 


6/mdwnn  1. 


jlbll,-3s  

V  J 
^W  Saf(ij  I. 


^ 


I.' 


30 


35 


47, 


40 


So 


uto"*^ 


.^y 


.Poti\ 


y 


,45 


50 


^Gianeh4«i,     ; :  _    iS^;-\taiKh. 


'^benjjb 


>?J'^''^^ 


V^ 


Ba 


O 

V 


^>'    ^  "^. 


Co- 


JahaBspt?nn1nTnffw  &  Co.Edin? 


'Azdb  Sa7i( 


"H 


^  L  ak 


-w. 


lanitic  Mouth 


,(i      TelTenzs\ 

Men z  d 1 a\ 


(Port  Said 


Ras  el-H^h 


-^TelDenguf^ 


r^San,  el-Mag  or 

°TANIS 

I'ttictbetBekarshob 

TeLeL(xaTTHX,\ 


'■  Tel  esin 
STverig 


TetDeterttut^ 
DAPH.NAE    " 


-Mdnaffdt 
°^^^el- 


kCoM 


^ta 


Jf ^i>  ITERRANEA 
SEA 

,  Pelusian  Mouth 
'Sshtum.  JTmirL  Fara^ 


K 


m  '-  PlcLtn    of 

SxdaM,  eLTbicC^-^ 

TeLFaramA°   ^.. 
]  PELUSIUM'  '       . 

v  Tina    or    Pefiis  iitm 


Tel  es\^Senvut 

i^'El  Oantara      ; 
'el-Ktiaziia      / 

'    ■  BtrmiefL    / 

yaAes   / 


5^i^-' 


£zt^JibilJiriuj/ 


_  s  r 

te  Isthrmi  s  52  f^et 
tiaiet  el- Gist  I 

)LaJke  J 


BinMagdaL 


^  ( Darius-stela)      v\  n      -f-y- 


)>Fl-Jhnbelc 


- :  ^Bjeffunv  elJKhel 


G 


^6 


^  ^^  ^^e<Z      TsLher 


Pts 


lf-f«<i 


£A-I>dr-el-.&aimt 


m.. 


SUEZ  CANAL 


TormgrStatbOTL 


Gehel 
Shalvf 


\jo7-t^ariici 


^Little 
ittter 


1  et-TemabcL 


Jyir  6u^»^ 


Sue: 


Ibrdhun 


49. 


50. 


30 


^.5?^^ 


25 


Herat° 


japahan 


?     E      R 


S      I     A 


APGHANr'STAN 


-k'uhi  n.:,,. 


L 


r\_      Hamun  i 
^      t  o      '/    '^  HeJmand 

'     ^     ^      e     n     .t         li 
'■''•    -man  '■  ^' 


55 


OROGRAPHICAL 


WITH  INDIAN  FRONTIERS 

6  '^oo  r3o     '      3bo  ^fc  5^ 

60 


G-  of  Cutch 


"=5- 


% 


"'^A. 


65 


lukchun    , 


J«ilin.3ai?tiuiamew  &.  CovEdm?;* 


52 


35  ^ 


65  70  .-,;^.</^   , ,   ''^,,  80 


85 


mill  /  .,^>>  '  j&- 


s  't%^ 


■ife^ 


^^" 

y:?- 


SfianerL  Tso%  


^■•-^i 


10 


smh 


^^P?^"^ 


'4    TS^^-^^^^^^^ltiir     ^^Wi^&^f^cdf>u)>^       / 


^  ^  J^  ^\jsr 


s  -E  _^ 


5? 


r     /3^  X  \    ''""suUpatam, 


""o^o 


to    7-        n 

ruUcat 


^diipelagj^ 


SIS 


P^ 


Y^,; 


:&f^ 


•gapattunj 

Stcsdt 


B 


ticorm,%^[      XTrincomcdi 


C. Cato-o"^       ^      \  J M\cE Yli ON 


53 


100 


iJ05 


^^^|,'i'lvffl;>>ii'i''*>/!'/'fflii>'' 


■'*''"'^''''ii*//»,,,v>,^;,ik''''"''    """"    ^  -*' 


English  Milea 
0  loo         20O         300         400         jio 

Native  &  Protected  States  are  colouredl^low. 


\  %    \    *'^\ 


1 


^T 


-^•v^ 


(   .       A  S  S  'A  M 

/ 


1    vWitS 


JiTali 


-,      L,l}uJ*    ^rlmrh^jr   ''/,^.B/i.^ 


Kfitiwo, 


.^apJ' 


t~ELi 


JSiap^ 


wXK 


^Jcval 


.tiswj- 


m 


^Ift 


i.« 


i 


O  i^ 


Andazaan 


Sandjov/a 

fca 

Bass 
Cl^egrais 


Li 


I 


pciii^}^ 


J 


rst 


JlP. 


>g,(^i,ifcu.n/ , 


raf 


35 


30 


25 


20 


i,^^ 


1 16 


0-' 


Ta>-^J 


'^yiithia. 


irt<'A 

Inkor 


,O.T&reM 


iV^       G 


Islands  jli       ^, 

(import -Bi 


_Archipeki^o  \   >  .^|>    \Q.xLlf    of      V?       ^ 


Hx-a.l8t 


S  i  Sijoo^ 


Ificdbax  I?  ^ 


•^ 


1,^  C.  Cambo^^ 


»J>ulo  jrorup"- 


J'uJUm-.O ' 


C' 


■-ri. 


)  95,  100  ^^^^PO^t^^^vlOS 


JaiiiiBartbx}Lam.enr&  Co-,Edin.^ 


54. 


Kar< 


i  I  Millets  &  Pulses 

Cotton 


\yyyj  opium 

Tobacco 


55. 


(Of-S"'  /Jo        '^'"■'.fii 


PRODUCTS  OF  INDIA 


loo         200         300         400 


50 


25 


<<. 


/" 

R  A  J  p\j  tA 
Joe 


ia^tt^P^m^'''''^..'.-^^^ 


Mi 


^y^ 


oJ^S^'^y^, 


^J 


lE^ 


ten,J2fo 


^■'mni. 


I      BEIT 

/   r- 


v^:;:'. 


^'^tJ 


;,     j^iiapl 


30 


RAR' 


^'^^.^ 


35 


halpm 


^Yan6Um.  (Ireriphj 
jMhsuHpatam, 


'& 


JaganrutiK 


<goruj 


JphaBartholomeTy  &  Ca^Ediict? 


;m 


•■:?) 


Vi  d 


PQ 


CO* 

4  f 

^Wlj^ 

3 

1 

*  a 

II 


,^/ 


M. 


Ill' 


;i 


o 


^  s^ 


^•v%. 


s?-\ 


% 


S^ 


^^^^ 


&     ^s 


£::xi 


n^ 


.'p^. 


# 


^ 


3 


5 


-■> 


^, 


M) 


26 


m 


oUl 


\Sm 


^araiL^ 


mm 


,S<i*y*YW«/f 


^'i 


18 


— fa 

Short:  ^ 


aiLC 


^liasai 


baktt--''S 

53 


-i         /^(."''3l 


s:44j* 


1*0^ 


^       ^      vijast^axK.. 


?i 


;r:;:t2;;^^i 


>      / 


y-^        \        ■■■■''I     \    \ 


Ganjf 


?^?^ 


sitajiL 


'^^m^> 


¥i^^^^!msiM::^m^^if 


SSsf/ 


_,       iiJl'tnUTtb      :  ,  ,  ..^.     _ 


ran 


3Stl 


of  the' 
"^JUakanadi 
&  Jagannath. 


-tK*' 


B  ^    Y 


m 


K^ 

V 


% 


ojrm 


^^ooatL 


Tea.' 


26 


24; 


ilCOTLCL 


/A-va 


O  F 


^^i^irvTr^o\ 


BEN 


G  Ji   L 


% 


Rarori 


BENGAL,  ASSAM,  &e. 

6    xo  4b    e'o  BO  j6o  1^5  ^o 


20 


•orae 


18 


0cnx<i 


Easftt 


88 


90 


92 


94 


JoJbm.BaptbaLx3in.erir &  Co*£dixr? 


64. 


fflCTdly. 


Pomsar 


Hvanij 


Yeran^alSi 


^yU 


S    A 


Ma 


S    E    T    T   E 


I    S    L    A  N   D 


'sArdhi 


Ljfi=^5TaZayfe 


JBandara^B^ 


WwA 


.Chemlmr 


Ma 


BOMBAY 

2£a7uilcJcs7ura 

XcSahco'l 

Vdlkefhwa 
Malabar  PtcJSu'e-  "S^^^ 
BackBa 


trang  LigTztJiauat 


English  ISles 


'BOMBAY 

<aCrvssI. 

HJL  RB  O  XT  R 

fastle 


vTolin  BaJTtkoloinew  c5t  Co-,£cii"n? 


66. 


OROGRAPHICAL 

FARTHER  INDIA 

EnglishMiles 


Si<figap|ore 


8000  F.'' 

i  6000  •• 

4000  ■' 

2000  ■ 

10  00  " 

Sea  Level 


67 


96 


lOO 


BURMA 

l^nglLsh  Miles 


^^tsa 


24  - 


S''  A 


'foxrangi 


ytalut 


Tamii 


J^ 


Lanffonv  S  «V^ 

_      f  yoeh  Uiig 


'Ktdttaj 


iMawlui 


]   Baxnr 
Lnshaiiliiliil 


i«/w^ 


45«q, 


Undat 


^Mamg 


syioo 


Vfi/ 


k 


„.^ 


j,^|a^-^::,^N..^ 


r^  ^llp>>.o*rta^^'J'"W<^*^'S 


S 


t-WlY 


'  i  i^  o  )  5, 


(Man.  aouniT^a         Vs  T'l'/d^j^j/pi'.'X  V'SW'na^:^*^    V^Ayt^'J^^g^^Cl  ■      f^"^' 


« 


B  E  I^  G  A  L 

Kyauk-  chaing-gh0 


T~^P^^ 


'^  Martal>axL 


JCai<'^OTJcl. 


^e  -Trawa^^ 


Paknampi 


UtaradH 


COtfiti 


16 


100 


Jahn.EaitTio1nmfffW<fe  Co.,Edcmy 


68. 


69. 


71. 


74. 


1L5 


i-x^  ..,^r 


-T7 

jl      PtL-choWq 


ustd 


winA 


i#ir" 


*is^ 


U^^m^l^  'jBSfW^M'^  '-^KJIiie 


'^J^i 


South,  C. 
BasTvL 


clurw    ''^V^i 


JBdhve^  anas  P. 


Hainan. 


N 


C:jBojea3orp 


Siaan.  .♦  _b« 
(^  C  Caonbodia^ 
Titntcdan  I. 


i^.TwccfNixtrccnffJ      ^ 


S.£ernctr3ino  St'^, 
JMirudx; 

CaLarruanf^  •' 


"cocbut  cnTN"A 


"CT 


Svnaho\ 


15 


^ 


A^Natraio, 
^  An  nrnhai.        n        ^ 

Wure 

OAPOEE  7 


S  Xr.L  IT 


I  dlabacl:. 
JBoLabac  Sir.  , 

'p        .,    S  -ELi 

/^F, ';  c  I  f  C^  ^Ncu  til  BounttoN  ~ 


Earimxvbir 


J  A.^ 


ih£etoTt^  Ija^cul^ 


Sir.  of  S^^ 


S  E  ^ 


Scaighapitr'V 


"tMSca^san 


Bo, 


/• 


■\ScHoff 


I  jsr  \D  I  jl  jSi 


T^nglxshj  3tile,s 


as 


JU>0  300  300         4<70  .5c>C>  600  700        600 


British 

{Dutch 


German, 
TJmteSiStatta 


av  Sandamobi  ^^^ 


J  :sf  ( 


Jciiii3ai?tiuianiew  &  CovEdin.? 


76. 


77. 


120 


125 


PORMOSJi 

(JapoTh 


SouthC. 


Botei/  Tohago 


Bashi  Chanjiel 

+ 
.•^ahueUa  I. 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 


o  so        100 


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IDO 


Jo^mBartliolamew  &  Cc.ILq 


A 
BRIEF  SURVEY 

OF  THE 

COINAGES  OF  ASIA 

FROM  THE 

EARLIEST  TIMES 

TO  THE 

PRESENT  DAY 


A  BRIEF  SURVEY 

OF  THE 

COINAGES    OF    ASIA 

FROM  THE   EARLIEST  TIMES  (700  B.C.)  TO   THE 

PRESENT  DAY 

By  J.  ALLAN,  m.a.,  m.r.a.s. 

Of  the  Department  of  Coins,  British  Museum 

The  coins  of  Asia  from  the  earliest  times  may  be  conveniently 
reviewed  in  the  following  geographical  and  chronological 
sections :  I.  Ancient  coins  of  Western  and  Central  Asia  (to  the 
rise  of  Islam,  excluding  the  majority  of  Greek  and  Roman 
coins  which  have  no  claim  to  be  Asiatic);  II.  Mohammadan 
coins  of  Western  and  Central  Asia;  HI.  Coins  of  India  (Hindu 
and  Mohammadan);  IV.  Coins  of  the  Far  East;  V.  Coins 
struck  by  European  nations  for  their  Asiatic  possessions. 


I.— ANCIENT  COINS  OF  WESTERN  AND 
CENTRAL  ASIA 

Origin  of  Coinage  in  Lydia, — According  to  Herodotus  (I.  94) 
the  Lydians  were  the  first  people  to  strike  coins  of  gold  and 
silver,  while  other  writers  attribute  the  invention  of  coinage 
to  Pheidon,  king  of  Argos,  who  struck  coins  in  Aegina.  The 
truth  appears  to  be  that  gold,  or  rather  electrum,  was  first 
coined  in  Lydia  in  the  seventh  century  B.C.,  while  silver  was 
first  minted  in  Aegina  about  the  same  time.  The  earliest 
Lydian  coins  are  believed  to  have  been  issued  in  the  time  of 
Gyges,  king  of  Lydia  (687-652  B.C.).     These  are  rude  oval  pieces 

99 


loo  Coinages  of  Asia 

of  electrum,  a  natural  mixture  of  gold  and  silver  found  locally, 
and  are  stamped  on  one  side  only  (Plate  I.  i).  The  uncertain 
value  of  this  metal  was  found  an  embarrassment  to  commerce, 
and  Croesus  (561-546  B.C.),  under  whose  rule  Lydia  became  a 
great  and  wealthy  power,  introduced  a  coinage  of  pure  gold 
and  of  pure  silver,  ten  staters  of  silver  being  equal  to  one  of 
gold  (Plate  I.  2,  gold  stater). 

Persia. — When  Cyrus  conquered  Lydia  in  546  B.C.,  the 
Persians,  who,  like  the  Assyrians,  had  no  coined  money,  became 
acquainted  with  the  art  of  coinage.  It  is  not  certain  when  the 
Persians  began  to  issue  coins,  but  from  the  statement  of 
Herodotus  that  Darius  Hystaspis  (521-486  B.C.)  coined  gold  of 
the  finest  quality,  and  the  probable  etymology  of  "  daric '' 
from  Darius,  the  beginning  of  the  Achaemenid  coinage  is  placed 
in  his  reign;  it  is  most  probable  that  it  was  at  Sardes  in  Lydia 
that  Darius  first  struck  his  coins,  as  there  he  would  be  most 
likely  to  find  skilled  artificers.  The  coins  of  the  Persian 
empire  were  the  daric  of  gold  about  equal  in  value  to  the  stater 
of  Croesus  (or  rather  more  than  an  English  sovereign  in  metal 
value)  and  the  siglos  {shekel)  of  which  twenty  were  the  equivalent 
of  a  daric.  The  types  were  the  same  on  each  coin,  viz.,  on  the 
obverse,  the  Persian  King  in  a  half-kneeling  position  holding 
a  bow  in  his  left  hand  and  a  spear  in  his  right,  while  the  reverse 
still  had  no  type  but  only  a  rough  incuse  caused  in  striking 
the  coins  (Plate  I.  3,  daric).  These  two  coins  remained  the 
official  coinage  of  the  Persian  empire  till  its  fall.  The  conquered 
Greek  cities  were  not  allowed  to  strike  gold,  but  the  issue  of 
silver  and  copper  by  them  was  not  interfered  with;  in  addition 
certain  Persian  satraps  were  allowed  to  issue  silver  coins  bearing 
their  own  names. 

Phoenicia. — In  spite  of  their  commercial  activity,  the  Phoeni- 
cian cities  of  the  Mediterranean  coast  did  not  begin  to  strike 
coins  until  comparatively  late  times,  the  end  of  the  fifth  and 
beginning  of  the  fourth  centuries  B.C.  We  possess  extensive 
silver  coinages  of  the  fourth  century  for  most  of  these  cities, 
those  of  Tyre  and  Sidon  being  particularly  important.     The 


Coinages^  of  Asisl  lo  i 

tetradrachms  of  Tyre  have  as  types,  a  dolphin  or  the  god 
Melkart  riding  on  a  sea-horse  and  an  owl  with  crook  and  flail, 
Egyptian  symbols  of  royalty  (Plate  I.  4,  ^.  410-332  B.C.).  The 
double  shekels  of  Sidon  bear  on  the  obverse  a  galley  with  sails 
or  rowers  often  before  a  walled  city,  and  on  the  reverse  the 
suzerain  king  of  Persia  in  a  chariot  (Plate  I.  5,  c.  400-384  B.C.). 

Imitations  of  Athenian  coins. — The  coins  of  Athens  circulated 
very  wddely  in  the  ancient  world,  particularly  in  Central  Asia, 
where  imitations  of  them  were  made  when  the  Athenian  mint 
could  no  longer  supply  the  demand  (Plate  I.  6,  imitation  of 
Athenian  tetradrachm).  On  some  of  these  imitations  the  owl 
was  replaced  by  an  eagle,  while  Athenian  influence  can  still  be 
traced  in  the  remarkably  neat  coins  of  Sophytes  (Plate  I.  11, 
reverse,  cock),  whom  Alexander  found  reigning  on  the  North- 
West  Indian  frontier  on  his  march  across  it  in  326  B.C. 

Alexander  ///.,  the  Great, — -When  the  Persian  empire  fell  before 
Alexander  the  Great  his  coins  became  current  throughout  Asia, 
from  the  Mediterranean  to  the  Indus,  and  profoundly  influenced 
all  later  coinages.  His  gold  coins  (the  stater,  with  its  multiple 
the  distater  and  its  sub-divisions)  have  on  the  obverse  a  head 
of  Athena,  and  on  the  reverse  a  winged  Victory  with  the  king's 
name;  the  silver  (drachm,  with  multiples  and  subdivisions) 
has  on  the  obverse  a  head  of  the  young  Herakles  in  lion-skin, 
and  reverse,  Zeus  seated  on  throne  holding  eagle  and  sceptre 
(Plate  I.  7).  Tetradrachms  bearing  Alexander's  name  and 
types  continued  to  be  struck  for  a  century  and  a  half  after 
his  death,  and  they  are  at  the  present  day  the  commonest  of 
ancient  coins. 

Seleucid  Kings  of  Syria, — We  possess  an  extensive  series  of 
coins  of  the  Seleucid  kings  of  Syria,  the  dynasty  founded  by 
Seleucus  Nikator  (312-280  B.C.),  the  general  of  Alexander  who 
succeeded  to  his  Asiatic  heritage.  The  earliest  Seleucid  coins 
(before  306  B.C.)  retained  the  name  and  types  of  Alexander,  but 
soon  a  greater  variety  of  types  was  adopted,  while  the  king's 
head  began  to  appear  regularly  on  the  obverse.  The  Seleucid 
coins  are  remarkable  for  the  unique  series  of  portraits  they  give 


1 02  Coinages  of  Asia 

us.  One  of  the  commonest  types  of  the  Seleucid  series  has  the 
king's  head  on  the  obverse,  and  a  seated  Apollo  with  bow  and 
arrow  on  the  reverse  (Plate  I.  8,  gold  stater  of  Antiochus  I., 
280-266  B.C.;  Plate  I.  io_,  silver  tetradrachm  of  Antiochus  IV., 
175-166  B.C.). 

Bactria. — About  the  middle  of  the  third  century  B.C.  the 
empire  founded  by  Seleucus  began  to  break  up.  A  line  of  kings 
was  founded  in  Bactria  by  Diodotos,  a  revolted  satrap,  whose 
independence  Antiochus  II.  had  to  acknowledge.  The  earlier 
coins  of  these  kings,  who  afterwards  crossed  into  India  and 
gradually  lost  their  Hellenism,  present  some  of  the  finest  ex- 
amples of  portraiture  on  Greek  coins  (Plate  I.  9,  gold  stater  of 
Diodotos  I.,  c,  250  B.C.). 

Judaea, — Among  the  smaller  kingdoms  who  became  indepen- 
dent of  the  Seleucids  in  the  second  century  B.C.  may  be  mentioned 
that  of  the  Jews.  Certain  shekels,  bearing  on  the  obverse  a 
chalice  with  the  legend  "  shekel  of  Israel,''  and  on  the  reverse 
a  branch  with  three  buds  and  the  legend  "  Jerusalem  the  Holy  " 
(Plate  II.  i),  have  been  attributed  to  Simon  Maccabaeus 
(143-135  B.C.),  but  they  may  belong  to  the  First  Revolt 
(66-70  A.D.). 

Parthia, — About  the  same  period,  the  great  Parthian  kingdom 
was  founded  in  Central  Asia  and  lasted  till  220  a.d.  The  Par- 
thian coinage  is  of  silver  (drachms  and  tetradrachms)  and  bronze. 
Although  Parthian  drachms  are  at  the  present  day  one  of  the 
most  extensive  of  ancient  coinages,  their  classification  is  exceed 
ingly  difficult  on  account  of  our  ignorance  of  Parthian  history, 
and  the  fact  that  the  coins  do  not  bear  the  name  of  the  issuer  but 
of  Arsakes,  the  founder  of  the  dynasty.  The  silver  drachms  bear 
on  the  obverse  the  portrait  of  the  reigning  king,  and  on  the 
reverse  the  first  king  Arsakes  seated  holding  a  bow,  with  a 
legend  in  Greek  characters  which  is  at  first  simply  (coin  of) "  the 
king  Arsakes  "  (Plate  II.  2,  drachm  of  Mithridates  I.  the  Great, 
1 71-138  B.C.),  but  gradually  increases  in  length  till  a  century 
later  it  assumes  the  form  (coin  of)  "  the  king  of  kings  Arsakes, 
the  just,  the  illustrious,  the  beneficent,  the  friend  of  the  Greeks," 


Coinages  of  Asia  103 

which  remains  the  usual  legend.  Tetradrachms  with  similar 
legends  were  also  struck  in  large  numbers;  their  usual  reverse 
type  is  the  Parthian  king  seated,  receiving  a  wreath  from 
the  goddess  of  Victory  or  from  a  City  goddess  (Plate  II.  3, 
tetradrachm  of  Phraates  IV.,  38-3  B.C.).  After  the  reign  of 
Phraates  IV.  the  coins  are  dated  in  the  Seleucid  era,  while  the 
later  coins  bear  a  Pehlevi  legend  in  addition  to  the  Greek 
inscription  which  is  by  this  time  almost  unintelligible. 

Sassanian  Empire. — Early  in  the  third  century  a.d.  the 
last  remnants  of  Parthian  power  were  destroyed  by  Ardashir, 
a  Persian  prince,  who  founded  the  Sassanian  empire,  which 
after  successfully  disputing  the  supremacy  of  Asia  with  the 
Romans  for  four  centuries  finally  fell  before  the  conquering 
hosts  of  Islam.  The  Sassanian  silver  coins,  particularly  of 
the  later  kings,  are  exceedingly  numerous  at  the  present 
day,  but  the  gold  and  copper  are  rare.  The  types  of  the 
gold  and  silver  are  throughout  the  dynasty  the  same;  on 
the  obverse  is  the  head  of  the  king  with  a  long  legend  of  the 
form,  "  Ardashir,  worshipper  of  Ahura  Mazda,  divine  king 
of  kings  of  Iran,  a  scion  of  the  celestial  race,"  on  the  reverse 
a  fire-altar,  usually  with  two  attendant  priests,  and  at  first 
the  legend  "  the  fire  of  Ardashir  "  (etc.),  later  the  mint  and 
regnal  year  of  issue.  The  earlier  coins  are  of  remarkably 
good  workmanship,  and  give  us  fine  portraits  of  the  Sassanian 
kings  (Plate  II.  4,  gold  coin  of  Ardashir  I.,  226-241  a.d.; 
Plate  II.  5,  silver  drachm  of  Sapor  I.,  241-272  a.d.).  The 
gold  coins  weigh  rather  less  than  an  English  sovereign,  and  their 
standard  appears  to  be  derived  from  Roman  solidi;  the  silver 
coins  are  drachms  following  the  Parthian  standard,  and^ 
particularly  the  latter  pieces,  are  remarkable  for  their  thin 
fabric  (^.g.  Plate  II.  7,  Khusrau  (Chosroes)  II.,  Parvez,  590-628 
A.D.)  which  was  copied  by  the  Arabs  in  their  silver  coins,  and 
can  be  traced  in  certain  Mohammadan  series  to  the  present 
day. 

Bibliography. — B.  V.  Head,  Historia  Numorum  (Oxford, 


1 04  Coinages  of  Asia 

191 1),  pp.  643-845;  B.  V.  Head,  Coinage  of  Lydia  and  Persia 
(London,  1878);  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Greek  Qoins, 
Lydia  (1901),  Syria  (1878),  Parthia  (1905),  Phoenicia  (1910); 
E.  Babelon,  Perses  Achemenides  (Paris,  1893);  E.  Babelon, 
Rois  de  Syrie  (Paris,  1890);  Dorn  &  Bartholomaei,  Monnaies 
Sassanides  (St.  Petersburg,  1875). 


II.— MOHAMMADAN  COINAGES 

(Exclusive  of  India) 

Beginnings  of  Arab  Coinage. — The  Arabs  were  unacquainted 
with  the  art  of  coinage  till  they  learned  it  on  their  campaigns 
of  conquest  in  Sjnria  (Byzantine)  and  Persia  (Sassanian).  At 
first  they  were  content  to  issue  gold  and  copper  pieces  imitated 
from  contemporary  Byzantine  coins  (Plate  II.  9,  early  copper 
coin  of  Abd-al-Malik;  obverse,  figure  of  the  CaHph;  reverse, 
modified  Byzantine  cross),  while  their  silver  pieces  were  copies 
of  late  Sassanian  coins  (like  Plate  II.  7),  with  the  addition  of 
hismillah  (in  the  name  of  God)  on  the  margin. 

Abd-al-Malik^s  Reformed  Currency. — ^Though  one  traditionist 
says  that  even  Adam  felt  the  need  for  money  and  struck  dinars 
and  dirhems,  more  reliable  authorities  agree  in  attributing  to 
Abd-al-Malik,  the  fifth  Omayyad  Caliph  (684-705  a.d.),  the 
institution  in  696  a.d.  of  a  purely  Muslim  coinage,  worthy  of  the 
great  Arab  empire  and  the  foundations  on  which  it  was  built. 
This  coinage  was  of  gold,  silver,  and  copper,  and  the  names  dinar 
(denarius  aureus),  dirhem  (drachma),  and  falus  (follis),  which 
have  remained  in  use  practically  to  the  present  day,  were  bor- 
rowed from  the  Byzantines.  The  dinar  originally  weighed 
rather  more  than  half  a  sovereign,  while  the  dirhem  was  a  little 
less  than  sixpence  in  English  money,  but  the  names  came  to 
mean  simply  gold  and  silver  coin  respectively. 

Mohammad's  interdiction  of  any  form  of  image-making,  as 
savouring  of  idolatry,  limited  the  orthodox  Caliph  to  legends 
on  his  coins,  but  thereby  gave  Arab  coins  an  importance  as 
historical  documents  possessed  by  no  other  series.    From  the 


Coinages  of  Asia  105 

earliest  times  they  bore  the  mint  and  date  (in  the  Mohammadan 
era  dating  from  622  a.d.),  and  later  the  ruler's  name  and  titles, 
often  including  valuable  genealogical  data,  were  added.  The 
right  of  striking  coins  was  one  of  the  privileges  of  sovereignty, 
and  Muslim  coins  thus  throw  a  good  deal  of  light  on  Arab 
history. 

Plate  II.  6  is  a  dinar,  and  Plate  II.  8  a  dirhem  of  Abd-al- 
Malik;  both  bear  on  the  obverse  the  profession  of  faith,  "  There 
is  no  god  but  God;  He  hath  no  associate: ''  around  the  reverse 
of  the  dinar  is  the  legend,  "  In  the  name  of  God  this  dinar  was 
struck  in  the  year  77  "  (696  a.d.),  while  the  similar  inscription 
on  the  dirhem  includes  the  mint  (Damascus,  79  a.h.)  and  is 
placed  around  the  obverse.  On  both  the  reverse  areas  is  "  God 
is  alone;  God  is  eternal;  He  begets  not  and  is  not  begotten  " 
(the  dinar  ends  here,  but  the  dirhem  continues)  "  nor  is  there  any 
one  like  unto  Him  "  (Koran,  cxii.).  Around  the  obverse  of  the 
dinar  and  reverse  of  the  dirhem  is,  "  Mohammad  is  the  prophet 
of  God,  sent  with  guidance  and  the  religion  of  truth  to  make 
it  prevail  over  all  other  religions  "  (dinar  stops  here),  "  averse 
though  the  idolaters  may  be  "  (Koran  ix.  33). 

Ahhasids. — In  750  a.d.  the  Abbasids  overthrew  the  Omayyads, 
and  at  first  made  but  superficial  alterations  in  the  coinage;  the 
long  reverse  formula  was  replaced  by  the  simple  profession, 
"  Mohammad  is  the  prophet  of  God.''  Plate  III.  2,  a  dinar 
of  the  "  good  "  Caliph  Harun-al-Rashid  (786-809  a.d.)  is  typical 
of  the  period,  except  that  it  beais  the  name  of  his  ill-fated 
vizier,  Ja'afar,  who  will  be  remembered  by  readers  of  the  Arabian 
Nights  as  the  companion  of  the  Caliph's  nocturnal  ramblings, 
on  whom  this  signal  honour  was  conferred.  In  the  ninth 
century  a  second  marginal  inscription,  "  To  God  belongs  the 
order  before  and  after,  and  in  that  day  the  believers  shall 
rejoice  in  the  help  of  God  "  (Koran,  xxx.  3,  4)  was  added  on 
the  obverse,  while  the  Caliph's  name  begins  to  appear  regularly 
on  the  reverse  area. 

Contemporaries  of  the  Caliphs. — Coins  with  similar  legends 
were  struck  by  the  various  dynasties  which  arose  on  the  weaken- 


io6  Coinages  of  Asia 

ing  of  the  authority  of  the  Caliph  in  the  ninth  and  tenth  cen- 
turies. In  addition  to  the  ruler's  name  they  usually  bear  the 
name  of  the  reigning  Caliph,  whose  spiritual  authority  was 
still  recognised;  such  are  Plate  III.  i,  a  dirhem  of  the  Samanid 
Nasr  b.  Ahmad  struck  in  300  a.h.  at  Samarkand,  which  was 
then  one  of  the  great  centres  of  Mohammadan  learning  and 
literary  activity;  Plate  III.  4,  a  Buwayhid  dinar  of  Rukn-al- 
Daula  (932-976  A.D.),  struck  at  Hamadan  in  352  a.h.,  bearing 
the  name  of  the  faineant  Caliph  al-Muti;  and  Plate  III.  6,  a  dinar, 
struck  at  Rayy,  447  a.h.,  of  the  Great  Seljuk  Toghrul  Beg 
(1037-1063  A.D.),  the  Turkish  conqueror  of  Western  Asia  whose 
descendants  were  among  the  most  redoubtable  of  the  "Saracens.'* 
Plate  III.  3,  a  dinar  of  the  last  Abbasid  Caliph-Al-Mustasim 
( 1 242-1 258  A.D.),  illustrates  the  change  in  the  fabric  and  calli- 
graphy of  the  coinage  which  had  taken  place  in  six  centuries. 
Plate  III.  5  is  a  dinar  of  Mahmud  of  Ghazni  (998-1030  a.d.), 
with  the  reverse  legend  in  Sanskrit  for  the  benefit  of  his  Indian 
subjects. 

SeljukSy  Ortuktds,  and  Ayyuhids  {Saracens), — Plate  III.  7,  a 
dirhem  of  Sulaiman  II.  (i  199-1203  a.d.),  a  Seljuk  of  Asia 
Minor,  is  the  first  of  a  series  of  striking  deviations  from  the 
orthodox  Mohammadan  type,  prompted  as  much  by  neces- 
sities of  commerce  with  Christian  nations  as  by  a  lack  of 
orthodoxy  on  the  part  of  their  issuers,  heretics  though  they 
were.  The  obverse  area  is  occupied  by  a  horseman  holding 
a  mace  over  his  shoulder,  while  around  is  the  Shia  form  of 
the  Mohammadan  creed  (as  above,  with  the  addition  of  the 
words  "  Ali  is  the  friend  of  God  ");  the  reverse  bears  the 
usual  data.  Plate  III.  8  is  a  dirhem  of  one  of  his  successors 
Kaikubad  I.  (1219-1236  a.d.),  a  fine  specimen  of  the  calli- 
graphy of  the  period;  Plate  III.  9,  is  a  dirhem  of  his  successor, 
Kai-Khusru  II.  (1136-1245  a.d.),  bearing  the  "  lion  and  sun," 
the  horoscope  of  his  beautiful  Georgian  wife,  whose  portrait 
he  wished  to  place  on  his  coins,  till  his  counsellors  persuaded 
him  to  be  content  with  her  horoscope.  The  coins  of  the  Ortu- 
kids,  who  were  also  prominent  opponents  of  the  Crusaders,  are 


Coinages  of  Asia  1 07 

remarkable  for  their  immense  variety  of  types  borrowed  from 
all  sources  (Greek,  Roman,  Byzantine,  etc.).  Plate  IV.  i, 
reverse  of  a  copper  coin  of  Kara  Arslan  (1148-1174  a.d.),  and 
Plate  IV.  2,  of  a  copper  coin  of  Alpi  (1152-1176  a.d.),  repre- 
sent Christ  seated  and  the  Virgin  crowning  the  emperor  re- 
spectively, both  well-known  Byzantine  types.  The  Saracen  best 
known  by  name  to  English  readers  is  Saladin  the  Ay^oibid 
Sultan  of  Egypt  and  Syria  (1169-93  a.d.)  whose  capture  of 
Jerusalem  in  1187  provoked  the  Third  Crusade  in  which 
Richard  I.,  Coeur-de-Lion,  took  a  prominent  part.  Plate  IV.  3 
is  a  dirhem  struck  by  him  at  Damascus,  his  Syrian  capital, 
in  582  A.H.  (1186  A.D.). 

Mongols. — In  the  thirteenth  century  the  Mongols,  led  by  the 
Chingiz  Khan  (1206-1227  a.d.),  one  of  the  greatest  conquerors 
the  world  has  known,  subjugated  practically  all  Asia  with  the 
exception  of  India.  Plate  IV.  4  is  one  of  the  rare  coins 
attributed  to  Chingiz  Khan,  while  Plate  IV.  5  is  a  handsome 
dinar  struck  by  Arghun,  one  of  the  earliest  (1284-1295  a.d.) 
of  the  Persian  line  of  Mongols  (obverse,  Mohammadan  (Shia) 
creed  and  date,  etc. ;  reverse,  the  Khan's  titles,  etc.,  in  Mongol). 
Tamerlane  (1369- 1404  a.d.)  (Timur  Lang,  Timur  the  Lame), 
a  distant  descendant  of  Chingiz  Khan,  is  another  great  con- 
queror familiar  to  English  readers  through  Marlowe  and 
Gibbon.  One  of  the  coins  struck  by  him,  with  the  name  of  his 
nominal  sovereign,  Suyurghatmish,  is  figured  on  Plate  IV.  6. 
Plate  IV.  7  is  a  dirhem  of  his  son  and  ultimate  successor. 
Shah  Rukh  (1404-1447  a.d.),  of  a  type  (obverse,  Mohammadan 
creed,  with  the  names  of  the  four  orthodox  Caliphs  around 
the  margin;  reverse,  titles)  which  was  very  popular  in  the 
fifteenth  and  sixteenth  century.  Plate  IV.  8  is  an  early 
Ottoman  coin  struck  by  Mohammad  I.  (1402-1421  a.d.)  at  Brusa 
in  822  A.H.  (1419  A.D.),  of  a  type  which  served  the  Turks  for 
some  centuries. 

Persia, — The  earliest  coins  of  the  Shahs  of  Persia  (e.g,  Plate 
IV.  10,  reverse  of  a  silver  coin  of  Ismail  I.  (i 502-1 524  a.d.) 
struck  at  Meshhed  in  924  a.h.  (1518  a.d.))  are  of  the  type 


1 08  Coinages  of  Asia 

instituted  by  Shah  Rukh  to  which  they  may  be  traced  through 
the  Shaibanid  coinage;  the  later  Persian  coins  are  smaller  and 
thicker  (Plate  IV.  12^  mohur  of  the  great  conqueror  Nadir 
Shah  (i  736-1747  A.D.) ).  Plate  IV.  11,  a  gold  tuman  of  Fath-Ali 
Shah  (i 797-1834  A.D.),  the  first  Shah  with  whom  England 
entered  into  diplomatic  relations,  is  a  remarkable  fine  product 
of  the  Persian  mint.  Nasir-al-Din  (1848-1896  a.d.)  instituted 
a  mint  on  the  European  model  in  Teheran,  and  struck  coins 
with  his  portrait  (e.g.  Plate  IV.  13,  a  gold  tuman),  or  the  Lion 
and  Sun,  on  the  obverse  and  his  titles  on  the  reverse. 

Bukhara, — The  coins  of  the  Emirs  of  Bukhara,  now  under 
Russian  suzerainty,  are  mainly  of  gold  (e.g,  Plate  IV.  9,  a  gold 
tila  of  the  fanatical  Haidar  Tora,  1800-1826  a.d.). 

Afghanistan, — The  Emirs  (Durrani  and  Barakzai)  of  Afghani- 
stan, who  became  independent  of  Persia  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  adopted  the  standards  and  types  of  their  Moghul 
contemporaries.  A  mint  on  the  European  model  has  recently 
been  established  in  Kabul,  and  its  coins  are  rapidly  replacing 
older  issues. 

Bibliography. — 0.  Codrington,  Musulman  Numismatics 
(London,  1904);  S.  Lane-Poole,  Mohammadan  Dynasties 
(London,  1894);  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Oriental  Coins, 
vols,  i.-x.;  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Persian  Coins,  Shahs 
of  Persia  (1887);  W.  H.  Valentine,  Copper  Coins  of  Modern 
Muhammadan  States  (London,  191 1);  M.  Longworth  Dames, 
Coins  of  the  Durranis  (Numismatic  Chronicle,  1888);  L.  White 
King,  Coins  of  the  Barakzais  (Numismatic  Chronicle y  1896). 


m.—COINS  OF  INDIA 

Early  Hindu  Coins, — ^The  earliest  coins  of  India  are  square 
or  oblong  pieces  of  silver  or  copper  punched  with  various 
sjnnbols,  the  exact  significance  of  which  is  not  exactly  known. 
They   were   probably   made   by   money-changers   or   by  the 


Coinages  of  Asia  109 

authority  responsible  for  the  purity  of  the  coin.  These  pieces 
date  from  as  early  as  the  fourth  century  b.c.  and  circulated 
all  over  India  (Plate  V.  i).  To  a  somewhat  later  date  belong 
the  coins  of  various  native  states  in  North  India;  these  soon 
became  profoundly  influenced  by  the  coinages  of  foreign 
invaders^  and  indeed  it  is  only  lately  that  the  independent 
origin  of  coinage  in  India  has  been  generally  recognised 
(Plate  V.  3,  silver  coin  of  the  Kuninda  king,  Amoghabhuti, 
second  century  B.C.). 

Foreign  Invaders, — Early  in  the  second  century  b.c._,  in  the 
reign  of  Euthydemus,  the  Greeks  of  Bactria  began  to  invade 
India.  We  possess  coins  of  his  son  Demetrius,  of  the  square 
Indian  form  with  an  Indian  legend  on  the  reverse,  showing  a 
compromise  between  the  Greek  and  Indian  methods  of  coinage. 
Henceforth  the  coins  of  his  successors,  many  of  whom  are 
otherwise  unknown  to  history,  are  bilingual  (Plate  V.  2,  hemi- 
drachm  of  Apollodotos  I.,  c,  150  B.C.).  Towards  the  end  of  the 
second  century  B.C.  the  Scythians  invaded  Bactria  and  India; 
their  coins  are  imitated  from  those  of  their  Greek  predecessors, 
but  are  much  inferior  as  works  of  art  (Plate  V.  4,  silver  coin  of 
Azes  I.,  c,  90  B.C.). 

They  were  followed  about  the  middle  of  the  first  century  B.C. 
by  the  Kushans  who  founded  a  great  empire  in  North- West 
India.  The  Kushan  kings  of  whom  the  greatest  was  Kanishka, 
famed  in  Buddhist  legend,  have  left  a  great  wealth  of  gold  and 
copper  coins  remarkable  for  the  variety  of  deities  (Zoroastrian, 
Greek,  Hindu,  and  Buddha)  depicted  on  their  reverses  (Plate  V. 
5,  gold  coin  of  Kanishka). 

Andhras  and  Western  Satraps. — During  the  first  three  cen- 
turies A.D.  the  Western  Satraps,  a  dynasty  of  Scythic  origin, 
ruled  a  powerful  kingdom  in  Western  India.  Their  coinage 
of  silver,  forming  a  long  dated  series,  appears  to  be  derived 
from  hemidrachms  of  the  Greek  kings  possibly  influenced  by 
Roman  denarii  (Plate  V.  8,  Damaghsada,  c.  180  a.d.).  Unique 
among  India  coinages  is  the  lead  coinage  of  the  Andhras  who 
ruled  in  Central  and  Southern  India  from  the  third  century  b.c^ 


1 1  o  Coinages  of  Asia 

till  they  fell  before  the  Satraps  (Plate  V.  7^  Vilivayakura^  c^ 
100  A.D.,  reverse  only). 

Guptas, — A  new  era  in  the  history  of  India  begins  in  the  fourth 
century  a.d.  with  the  rise  of  the  Gupta  dynasty  which  con- 
quered practically  all  India  and  held  it  for  two  centuries.  Their 
coinage,  mainly  of  gold,  is  derived  from  the  Kushan,  but  displays 
great  originality  and  variety  of  types,  and  has  legends  in  pure 
Sanskrit  (Plate  V.  9,  gold  coin  (suvarna)  of  Samudragupta, 
340-380  A.D.,  commemorating  his  horse-sacrifice  on  his  con- 
quests; V.  10,  suvarna  of  Kumaragupta  I.,  414-450  a.d.). 

Huns, — The  Gupta  empire  finally  fell  before  the  inroads  of 
barbarous  Huns,  who  swept  down  through  Persia  on  India 
about  the  same  time  that  their  kinsmen  under  Attila  were 
ravaging  Europe.  They  have  left  numerous  coins  imitated 
from  Sassanian  or  Indian  types  (Plate  V.  12,  silver  coin  of 
Toramana,  c.  514-544  a.d.,  with  Sassanian  types).  From  the 
Hun  imitations  of  Sassanian  coins  are  descended  certain  coins 
of  very  rude  fabric  known  to  the  natives  as  "  asses'  head  " 
money,  which  circulated  very  largely  in  North  India  from  the 
sixth  to  the  eighth  century  (Plate  V.  11). 

Mediaeval  Hindu  Dynasties. — The  later  Kushan  type  (Plate  V.  6, 
gold,  c,  250  A.D.),  with  a  king  standing,  sacrificing  at  altar  on  the 
obverse  and  a  goddess  enthroned  facing  on  the  reverse,  survived 
for  centuries  on  the  base  gold  and  rude  copper  coins  of  Kashmir 
(Plate  VI.  I,  gold,  Yasovarman,  c,  730  a.d.),  and  the  seated 
goddess  remains  a  familiar  type  on  the  gold  coins  of  the  mediaeval 
Hindu  dynasties  of  the  present  United  and  Central  Provinces,  and 
even  survived  on  the  coins  of  Mohammadan  invaders  (Plate  VI. 
4,  gold  coin  of  Hallakshanavarman,  1097-1110  a.d.,  of  Jejahuti). 
Among  the  commonest  of  Indian  coins  are  the  silver  "  Bull  and 
Horseman  "  coins  of  the  Brahman  kings  of  Kandahar  (Plate  VI. 
2,  Spalapatideva,  c.  875  a.d.),  the  types  of  which  were  copied 
by  various  Hindu  kings  (e.g.  Plate  VI.  3,  Prithvi-Raja  of  Delhi, 
1166-1192  A.D.)  and  retained  by  their  Mohammadan  conquerors. 

South  India. — In  South  India  the  primitive  punch-marked 
coins  remained  much  longer  in  circulation  than  in  the  north, 


Coinages  of  Asia  1 1 1 

and  from  the  frequent  finds  of  Roman  gold  and  silver  coins, 
it  is  probable  that  these  formed  the  major  part  of  the  currency 
in  the  early  centuries  of  the  Christian  era.  Many  of  the  Hindu 
coins  of  South  India  are  uninscribed,  and  their  attribution  is 
still  uncertain.  To  the  Chera  dynasty  of  Malabar  are  attributed 
certain  gold  coins  having  an  elephant  on  the  obverse  (Plate  V. 
13,  thirteenth  century).  Copper  coins,  having  on  the  obverse 
a  figure  of  the  king  standing  and  on  the  reverse  the  king  seated, 
were  introduced  by  Rajaraja  of  the  Chola  dynasty  {c.  1030  a.d.); 
this  type  spread  through  South  India,  was  introduced  into 
Ceylon  on  the  Chola  conquest,  and  adopted  there  by  the 
independent  kings  of  Kandy  (Plate  VI.  7,  Parakramabahu, 
1153-1186  A.D.).  Thick  gold  cup-shaped  pieces  are  attributed 
to  the  Western  Chalukyas  of  the  Deccan  (eighth  century  a.d., 
Plate  VI.  6),  while  large  thin  gold  coins  were  struck  by  the 
eastern  branch  of  the  family  (Plate  VI.  8,  Rajaraja,  1021-1062 
A.D.);  both  bear  the  Chalukya  emblem,  the  boar.  Certain 
cup-shaped  gold  pieces  bearing  a  lotus  were  struck  by  the 
Kadambas  of  Northern  Mysore  (Plate  VI.  9).  The  great 
mediaeval  Hindu  kingdom  of  Vijayanagara  (Mysore)  has  left 
an  extensive  series  of  gold  and  copper  coins.  Its  small  gold 
coins  called  pagodas  (Plate  VI.  5,  Venkata  Raya,  c,  1530- 1542 
A.D.),  bearing  one  or  more  deities  on  the  obverse,  formed  the 
pattern  for  later  coinages  not  only  of  the  native  states  but  also 
of  various  European  invaders  of  South  India. 

Sultans  of  Delhi, — When  Mohammad  bin  Sam  (i  193-1205  a.d.) 
defeated  the  allied  Hindu  forces  on  the  plain  of  Thaneswar  in 
1 193  he  became  master  of  India  and  founded  the  dynasty 
known  as  the  Sultans  of  Delhi,  which  survived  till  the  Moghul 
conquest.  In  addition  to  striking  coins  of  the  usual  Moham- 
madan  type  he  copied  the  coins  of  his  Hindu  predecessors  {e.g, 
Plate  VI.  10,  copper,  cf,  2  and  3;  VI.  11,  gold,  cf,  4).  The 
coins  of  his  successors  are  the  tanka  (about  175  grains)  in  gold 
and  in  silver,  in  addition  to  smaller  coins  of  copper  and  billon. 
Plate  VI.  13  may  be  taken  as  typical;  it  is  a  gold  tanka  of 
Mohammad  III.  bin  Tughlak  (1324-1351  a.d.);  on  one  side  it 


112  Coinages  of  Asia 

bears  the  name  of  the  Sultan,  "  Mohammad  Shah  Sultan  who 
trusts  in  the  support  of  the  Merciful  One/'  with  a  marginal 
inscription  giving  the  date  and  mint  (Delhi,  726  a.h.  (1326  a.d.)); 
on  the  other  side  is  a  form  of  the  Muslim  creed.  Plate  VI.  12  is 
one  of  the  remarkable  brass  tokens  with  which  the  same  Sultan 
sought  to  displace  gold  and  silver  money.  It  bears  a  legend 
giving  the  value  at  which  it  was  to  pass,  and  an  appeal  to  the 
piety  of  his  subjects  in  a  legend  for  the  Koran,  "  He  that  obeys 
the  Sultan  obeys  the  Merciful  One."  Though  no  fraud  was  in- 
tended, this  token  currency  was  a  failure.  Plate  VI.  14  is  a  silver 
tanka  of  Sher  Shah  (i 539-1 545  a.d.),  one  of  the  last  and  one  of 
the  greatest  of  the  Sultans  of  Delhi.  The  obverse  bears  the 
Mohammadan  creed  and  the  names  of  the  first  four  caliphs  on 
the  margin,  a  type  which  survived  for  two  centuries  longer  in 
the  Moghul  coins.  The  coins  of  the  various  Mohammadan 
states  which  became  independent  of  Delhi  in  the  fifteenth 
century  cannot  be  detailed  here.  Plate  VII.  i,  a  silver  tanka 
of  Ghiyas-al-Din  of  Malwa  (1468- 1500  a.d.),  may  be  taken  as 
typical  of  them. 

Moghul  Emperors, — ^The  Moghul  Emperors  made  but  little 
change  in  the  types  and  standards  of  the  coins  of  their  pre- 
decessors, but  gave  the  standard  gold  coin  the  name  mohur, 
while  the  silver  was  called  the  rupee.  Plate  VII.  2  is  a  mohur 
of  Jalal-al-Din  ("  Glory  of  the  Faith "),  Mohammad  Akbar 
(1556-1605  A.D.),  struck  at  Agra  in  976  a.h.  (1568  a.d.),  similar 
in  type  to  Sher  Shah's  tanka  (Plate  VI.  14).  The  coins  of  his 
son  Nur-al-Din  ("  Light  of  the  Faith  "),  Mohammad  Jahangir 
(1605-1627  A.D.),  are  the  most  remarkable  of  the  series.  Plate 
VII.  3,  a  mohur  of  Jahangir,  is  a  fine  specimen  of  calligraphy 
(obverse,  Mohammadan  creed;  reverse,  titles  and  mint;  Lahore, 
1 01 5  A.H.),  while  Plate  VII.  4  is  the  obverse  (Ram)  of  a  mohur 
of  the  remarkable  series  issued  by  him  bearing  the  signs  of  the 
zodiac.  Jahangir  was,  like  many  of  the  Moghuls,  a  heavy 
drinker,  and  went  so  far  as  to  portray  himself  with  the  wine 
cup  in  his  hand  on  a  well-known  mohur  (Plate  VII.  5).  Plate 
VII.  6,  a  mohur  of  his  successor  Shihab-al-Din  ("  Flame  of  the 


Coinages  of  Asia  i  i  3 

Faith  "),  Shah  Jahan  (1628-1659)^  is  typical  of  the  coinage  of 
the  period  (obverse  as  Plate  VII.  2,  reverse,  titles;  Agra, 
1050  A.H.  (1640  A.D.)).  His  successor,  Aurangzib  (1659-1707  a.d.), 
replaced  the  religious  legends  on  the  obverse  by  the  mint  and 
date,  and  this  remained  the  usual  type  to  the  end  of  the  series. 
(Plate  VII.  7,  mohur  of  Shah  Alam  II.  1759-1806  a.d.;  Delhi, 
1205  A.H.). 

At  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century  numerous  states  became 
practically  independent  of  the  Great  Moghul,  but  struck  coins 
which  still  bore  his  name.  When  the  last  Moghul  Emperor  was 
deposed  in  1858,  the  name  of  Queen  Victoria  began  to  appear  on 
the  coins  of  such  native  states  as  were  allowed  to  continue  issuing 
coins.  To  attain  uniformity  in  the  currency  of  the  empire  this 
right  has  been  gradually  curtailed  by  the  British  government, 
and  is  now  exercised  only  by  a  few  of  the  more  important 
states,  such  as  Hyderabad,  which  issues  coins  struck  by  modern 
European  machinery. 

Assam  and  Nepal. — Two  important  Hindu  kingdoms,  Assam 
and  Nepal,  were  never  subject  to  the  Moghuls.  The  kings 
of  Assam  issued  an  extensive  coinage  (octagonal  in  form)  till 
their  territory  was  acquired  by  Britain  (Plate  VII.  8,  rupee 
*'  of  the  divine  king  Siva  Sinha  (17 14- 1744  a.d.)  a  bee  on  the 
lotus  feet  of  Hara  and  Gauri  ").  Plate  VII.  9  is  a  silver  mohur 
of  Prthvi  Vira  Vikrama  (1881)  of  Nepal,  the  reigning  Maharaja 
of  Nepal. 

Bibliography. — E.  J.  Rapson,  Indian  Coins  (Strassburg, 
1897);  Sir  A.  Cunningham,  Coins  of  Ancient  India  (London, 
1 891),  Coins  of  Mediaeval  India  (1894);  British  Museum 
Catalogue  of  Indian  Coins,  Greek  and  Scythic  Kings  (1886), 
Andhras  and  Western  Ksatrapas  (1908),  Sultans  of  Delhi 
(1885),  Muhammadan  States  (1885),  Moghul  Emperors  (1891); 
Catalogue  of  Coins  in  the  Indian  Museum,  vol.  i.  by  V.  A.  Smith 
(Oxford,  1906),  vols.  ii.  and  iii.  (1907,  1908)  by  H.  Nelson 
Wright;  E.  H.  Walsh,  The  Coins  of  Nepal  {Journ.  of  Roy.  Asiat. 
Society  J  1907);  J.  Allan,  Coinage  of  Assam  (Num.  Chron., 
1908). 


114  Coinages  of  Asia 


IV.— THE  COINAGES  OF  THE  FAR  EAST 

China. — The  earliest  coins  of  China,  like  those  of  Western 
Asia,  date  from  the  seventh  century  B.C.:  these  are  small 
bronze  spades  and  knives,  copies  of  the  actual  spades,  knives, 
or  rather  billhooks,  and  other  small  articles  of  husbandry 
which  had  previously  been  used  for  barter.  The  knives  are 
about  seven  inches  long  and  bear  an  inscription  giving  the 
weight  or  value  and  the  name  of  the  town  or  confederacy 
which  issued  it;  a  modified  form  of  the  spade  money,  called 
the  fu  (flattened)  money,  circulated  widely  in  the  fifth  and 
fourth  centuries  B.C.  (Plate  VIII.  i,  a  pu  coin  of  the  town 
of  Lu-Yang).  Round  money  had  been  made  as  early  as  the 
fourth  century  B.C.,  but  it  was  not  till  221  B.C.  that  the  great 
reformer  Shih  Huang  Ti  (221-210  B.C.),  the  ''  First  Emperor," 
definitely  superseded  all  previous  currencies  by  round  coins. 
His  coins  were  pieces  of  half  an  ounce  (pan-liang),  and  were 
continued  by  the  Han  dynasty  (Plate  VIII.  6,  a  pan-liang  of 
the  Empress  Kao  Hou,  187-179  b.c). 

This  coinage  gradually  became  so  debased  and  counterfeited 
that  in  118  B.C.  the  Emperor  Wu  Ti  (122-117  B.C.)  issued  a  new 
bronze  coinage  of  five-chu  pieces  (Plate  VIII.  2);  the  five-chu 
piece  remained  the  standard  coin  for  the  next  eight  centuries. 
The  attempted  monetary  reforms  of  the  usurper  Wang  Mang 
(9-22  A.D.)  may  be  mentioned  here.  In  addition  to  reviving 
a  modified  pu  and  knife  money  (Plate  VIII.  4),  he  instituted 
a  round  coinage  (ho  tshien,  Plate  VIII.  3),  but  after  his  assassina- 
tion and  the  restoration  of  the  Han  dynasty  the  five-chu  piece 
was  restored.  The  history  of  Chinese  currency  is  henceforth 
a  continual  struggle  between  the  government  and  the  counter- 
feiter. On  one  occasion  at  least,  the  government  sought  to 
get  rid  of  the  forgers  by  making  the  most  skilled  of  them  mint 
officials. 

In  618  A.D.  the  Tang  emperor  Kao  Tsu  (618-627  a.d.)  issued 
the  Kai  yuan  tung  pao,  "  current  money  of  the  inauguration  " 


Coinages  of  Asia  1 1  5 

{i.e.  of  the  Tang  dyaasty,  Plate  VIII.  5),  which  gave  the  coinages 
of  the  Far  East  the  form  they  have  retained  almost  to  the 
present  day.  From  the  time  of  the  Sung  dynasty  (960-1120 
A.D.)  onwards  the  legend  took  the  form  "  current  money  of  " 
(name  of  regnal  period)  (Plate  VIII.  8^  "  current  money  of 
(the)  Sung  Yuan "  period,  960-976  a.d.).  The  Southern 
Sung  dynasty  (1127-1278  a.d.)  dated  their  coins  on  the  reverse 
in  regnal  years.  The  Mongols  (i 260-1 341  a.d.)  issued  but  little 
copper  money.  An  account  of  their  extensive  paper  currency 
in  the  reign  of  Kublai  Khan  (1260- 1295  a.d.)  is  given  by  Marco 
Polo.  The  Ming  dynasty  (1368- 162 8  a.d.)  placed  the  mint- 
name  on  the  reverse,  while  the  Ching  dynasty  (1628-1911) 
placed  the  mint-name  in  Manchu  on  the  reverse  (Plate  VIII.  7, 
Shun-che  period,  1644- 1662  a.d.;   Pekin  mint). 

It  is  only  recently  that  a  serious  attempt  to  institute  a  silver 
coinage  in  China  has  been  made.  In  the  nineties  of  last  century, 
mints  with  European  machinery  were  instituted  in  each  province, 
and  struck  silver  and  copper  coins  of  European  fabric  (Plate  IX. 
I,  half-dollar  of  the  late  Emperor  Kuang  Hsii,  1875-1910) 
for  Sze-Chuan.  During  the  last  thirty  years  bilingual  silver 
coins  have  been  issued  for  the  Mohammadan  population  of 
Chinese  Turkestan  (Plate  IX.  6,  reverse  of  a  five  mithkal  piece 
of  Kashgar).  One  of  the  most  remarkable  of  Chinese  coins  is  the 
silver  rupee  recently  issued  for  the  Sze-chuan  province,  bearing 
the  Emperor's  head,  and  copied  from  the  Indian  rupee,  with 
which  it  is  destined    to  compete    for    Tibetan  trade  (Plate 

IX.  3). 

Japan. — The  Japanese  borrowed  the  art  of  coinage  from 
the  Chinese,  and  issued  coins  as  early  as  708  a.d.  Plate  VIII.  9 
is  an  early  Japanese  copper  coin  or  sen  of  the  period  818- 
835  A.D.  (inscription  — "  Divine  Treasure  of  Wealth  and 
Longevity  ").  From  the  tenth  to  the  sixteenth  centuries  the 
main  coinage  of  Japan  consisted  of  imitations  of  contemporary 
Chinese  coins.  One  of  the  commonest  of  Japanese  coins  is 
the  kwan-ei  sen  (Plate  VIII.  10),  which  was  extensively  issued 
from   1 624- 1 859.      Large,  flat  gold   coins  (obans  and  kobans) 


1 1 6  Coinages  of  Asia 

were  frequently  issued  from  the  sixteentl^^  to  nineteenth  cen- 
turies. The  smaller  gold  and  silver  coins  of  this  period 
are  rectangular  (Plate  IX.  7,  a  gold  hu  of  1837  a.d.). 
Plate  IX.  4  is  the  obverse  of  a  coin  (a  piece  of  5  momme)  with 
an  interesting  history.  In  1765^  a  high  official  named  Taruna 
ordered  that  all  silver  ornaments  should  be  confiscated  as  useless 
luxuries  and  made  into  coins.  This  edict  aroused  great  indigna- 
tion, particularly  among  the  fair  sex,  and  its  enforcement  was 
one  of  the  causes  which  led  to  the  assassination  of  the  tyrannical 
governor.  In  1869  a  mint  with  European  machinery  was 
established  in  Tokio,  and  a  coinage  of  gold,  silver  {yen  or  dollar), 
and  copper  (^^w,  100  =  1  dollar)  on  the  European  model  adopted 
(Plate  IX.  5,  50  sen  of  the  sixth  year  of  Meiji,  1873). 

Cored)  Annam,  and  Stain. — Corea  issued  bronze  coins  in  the 
Chinese  style  in  its  various  intervals  of  independence.  The 
commonest  is  the  Shang  Ping  cash  issued  at  various  mints 
from  1790  to  1 88 1  (Plate  VIII.  11).  Plate  IX.  2  is  a  piece  of 
one  yang  (silver)  issued  by  the  new  mint  in  1898.  Japanese 
influence  may  be  traced  in  it  (cf.  Plate  IX.  5),  as  on  the  Chinese 
coin  of  Kashgar  (Plate  IX.  6).  The  kings  of  Annam  issued  an 
extensive  coinage  modelled  on  the  Chinese  till  Annam  became 
a  French  possession.  Siam  has  issued  a  coinage  struck  by 
European  machinery  since  1850  (Plate  IX.  8,  rupee  of  Phra 
Chom  Klao,  1850-1868  a.d.). 

Bibliography.  —  Terrien  de  Lacouperie,  British  Museum 
Catalogue  of  Chinese  Coins,  vol.  i.  (all  published)  (1892);  J.  H.  S. 
Lockhart,  Currency  of  the  Farther  East  (Hong-Kong,  189 3-1895); 
H.  G.  MMnro,  Coinage  of  Japan  (Yokohsima,,  1904);  A.  Schroeder, 
Annam  J  Etudes  Numismatiques  (Paris,  1905). 

v.— COINS  OF  EUROPEAN  POSSESSIONS  IN  ASIA 

English. — In  1600  Queen  Elizabeth  granted  a  Royal  Charter  to 
"  The  Governor  and  Company  of  Merchants  of  London  trading 
into  the  East  Indies,"  and  soon  afterwards  ordered  silver  coins  to 
be  struck  at  the  Tower  Mint  for  the  Company's  use  in  the  Indies 


Coinages  of  Asia  1 17 

(Plate  X.  2j  sixpence  or  real  of  this  issue).  In  1677  the  first 
English  mint  in  India  was  established  at  Bombay,  which  had 
come  to  Charles  II.  in  1662  as  part  of  the  dowry  of  Catherine 
of  Braganza,  and  rupees  and  copper  cash  were  issued  in  the  name 
of  Charles  II.,  or  "  bearing  the  name  of  their  impure  king  "  as 
an  indignant  Moghul  historian  describes  them.  For  trade  with 
the  natives,  however,  the  Company  required  coins  of  a  type 
familiar  to  them,  and  had  to  send  their  bullion  to  be  minted  at 
the  Moghul  mints  or  to  imitate  Moghul  coins  at  their  own  mints, 
the  latter  course  being  really  forgery,  as  it  was  not  till  the 
middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  that  the  Great  Moghul  finally 
allowed  them  to  issue  coins  freely  in  his  name  (Plate  X.  5, 
half-rupee  of  Murshidabad  struck  by  the  East  India  Company 
in  name  of  Shah  Alam  II.  in  1768  a.d.).  In  1641  the  Company 
had  acquired  a  settlement  at  Fort  St.  George  (Madras)  and 
thenceforth  issued  coins  in  imitation  of  the  local  currencies 
of  the  Coromandel  coast  (Plate  X.  3,  gold  star  pagoda;  Plate  X. 
I,  silver  fanam  (cj.  Plate  VI.  5  );  Plate  X.  4  is  the  later  pagoda 
of  European  fabric  issued  at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century). 
It  was  not  till  1835  that  the  name  of  an  English  king  again 
appeared  on  the  coins  of  the  East  India  Company,  when  a 
uniform  coinage  of  English  style  was  adopted  for  India  (Plate  X. 
6,  quarter-rupee  of  William  IV.).  There  has  since  been  little 
change  in  the  type  then  adopted.  In  1858  the  name  of  the  East 
India  Company  disappears  from  the  reverse,  and  in  1877  the 
proclamation  of  Queen  Victoria  as  Empress  of  India  necessi- 
tated a  change  of  title  on  the  obverse  (Plate  X.  7,  quarter-rupee 
of  Victoria). 

In  1796,  the  English  occupied  Ceylon,  hitherto  a  Dutch 
possession,  and  were  confirmed  in  its  possession  by  the  treaty 
of  Amiens  in  1802.  The  earlier  coins  were  struck  on  the  stan- 
dard introduced  by  their  predecessors  (Plate  X.  8,  a  silver 
piece  of  24  stivers).  In  1836  the  Enghsh  standard  was  adopted, 
and  silver  coins  (three-halfpenny  pieces)  and  copper  (half- 
farthings)  issued  till  1870,  when  the  cent  was  adopted  as  the 
standard  coin  (Plate  X.  9,  25  cents  (silver)  of  George  V.). 


ii8  Coinages  of  Asia 

The  East  India  Company  issued  coins  similar  to  their  later 
Indian  issues  for  their  possessions  in  the  Malay  Peninsula^  and 
since  1867  there  has  been  a  regular  Imperial  coinage  (100  cents 
=  one  dollar)  for  the  Straits  Settlements  and  also  for  Hong- 
Kong  (Plate  X.  10^  5  cents  (silver)  of  Edward  VII.). 

Portuguese. — In  15 10  Albuquerque  captured  Goa,  which  be- 
came the  capital  of  the  Portuguese  empire  in  the  east,  and 
increased  in  wealth  and  commercial  importance  so  rapidly  that, 
it  became  known  as  "  Golden  Goa  "  (Goa  Dourada).  From  the 
time  of  Albuquerque  the  Portuguese  have  issued  coins  here, 
always  with  European  types.  Plate  X.  11  is  a  pardao  or  half- 
rupee  of  Maria  struck  at  Goa  in  1808,  and  is  typical  of  the 
coinage  for  nearly  three  centuries  previous.  Since  1881  the  coins 
for  Goa,  which  is  now  all  that  is  left  of  the  Portuguese  possessions 
in  the  East,  have  been  struck  at  the  Bombay  mint,  and  are 
uniform  with  those  of  British  India  (Plate  X.  12,  quarter- 
rupee,  1885). 

Dutch,  etc. — Towards  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century  the 
Dutch  began  to  dispute  Portuguese  supremacy  in  the  East,  and 
ultimately  acquired  considerable  possessions  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago. An  extensive  coinage  was  issued  by  the  Dutch  East 
India  Company  in  Java  in  the  eighteenth  century  (Plate  X.  13, 
gold  rupee  of  Java,  and  X.  14,  copper  doit).  The  latter  coins 
of  the  Dutch  territories  in  the  East  are  similar  to  the  coins  of 
Holland.  Coins  have  also  been  struck  for  their  Indian  possessions 
of  France  (Pondichery)  and  Denmark  (Tranquebar)  on  local 
standards  but  with  European  types. 

Bibliography. — J.  Atkins,  Coins  of  the  British  Possessions 
and  Colonies  (London,  1889);  E.  Thurston,  The  Coinage  of  the 
East  India  Company  (Madras,  1890);  G.  da  Cufiha,  Indo- 
Portuguese  Numismatics  (Bombay,  1880);  J.  A.  van  der  Chijs, 
De  Munien  van  Nederlandsch  Indie  (Batavia,  1859). 


PLATE  I. 


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MAPS    AND    PLANS 


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CONNECTED    WITH 


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ABBREVIATIONS 
F.  Founded.   I   Res.  Residence.    |   Bp,  Birthplace. 


Pro  vs.  Provinces. 


Abila,  Palestine.  33N.  36E.  Traditional 
burial-place  of  Abel. 

Abohar,  Punjab.  30N.  74E.  Said  to  have 
been  f.  by  Jaura;    visited  by  Ibn  Batuta, 

1332. 

Aboo,  Rajputana.  25N.  73E.  Contains 
famous  Jain  temple,  the  Vimla  Sah,  f.  in 
1032. 

Abydos,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  26E.  Xerxes 
entered  Europe,  B.C.  480.  Scene  of  story 
of  Hero  and  Leander.  (See  Byron's  *  Bride 
of  Abydos.') 

Acre,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Taken  by 
the  Crusaders,  11 04;  retaken  by  Saladin, 
1187 ;  recovered  by  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion, 
1 191;  surrendered  to  Saracens,  1291 ;  un- 
successfully besieged  by  Napoleon,  1799 ; 
stormed  by  Ibrahim  Pasha,  1832 ;  bom- 
barded by  a  combined  English,  Austrian, 
and  Turkish  fleet,  1840.  (See  Scott's 
'  Talisman,*  '  Travels  of  Marco  Polo,' 
Thomson's  *  Land  and  the  Book,'  Volney's 
*  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en  Egypte,') 

Adalia,  Asiatic  Turkey.  36N.  31E. 
Visited  by  Kinglake,  who  gives  an  account 
of  the  cit}'  in  '  Eothen.* 

Adam's  Peak,  Ceylon, 
posed  to  contain  tomb 
'  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.') 

Adas,  Bombay.  22N. 
Hamid  Khan's  victory  over  Rustam  Ali, 
1723 ;  Mahrattas  over  Raghunath  Rao 
Peshwa,    1775 ;     British    over    Mahrattas, 

1775. 

Aden,  Arabia.  13N.  45E.  Taken  from 
the  Portuguese  by  Turks,  1538;  annexed 
to  British  India,  1839.  (See  *  Purchas  His 
Pilgrimes,'  *  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.') 

Adoni,  Madras.  i6n.  77e.  Seized  by 
Sultan  of  Bijapur,  1568;  by  Aurungzebe, 
1686;  unsuccessfully  attacked  by  Hyder 
Ali,  1779 ;  taken  by  Tippoo  Sahib,  1786 ; 
ceded  to  British,  1800. 


Agra,  United  Provs.  27N.  78E.  Contains 
palace  of  Shah  Jehan,  the  Pearl  Mosque, 
and  the  Taj  Mahal,  and  was  the  supposed 
scene  of  incarnation  of  Vishnu.  Capital  of 
Mogul  sovereigns,  1526-1658.  Taken  by 
British,  1803.  (See  Sir  Edwin  Arnold's 
'With  Sa'di  in  the  Garden,'  Whittier's 
'  Miriam,'  *  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes.*) 

Ahar,  United  Provs.  28N.  78E,  Town 
from  which  Rukmini,  wife  of  Krishna,  was 
said  to  have  been  taken. 

Ahmadabad  ('  the  abode  of  Ahmed '), 
Bombay.  23N.  73E.  F.  in  1412.  Ancient 
Mohammedan  capital,  famed  for  architec- 
tural relics.     Taken  by  British,  1818. 

Ahmadnagar,  Bombay.  19N.  75  e.  F, 
by  Ahmed  Nuzam  Shah,  1494.  Taken  by 
General  Wellesley,  1803. 

Aivalli,  Bombay.  i6n.  76e.  Contains 
famous  temples,  and  is  sacred  spot  of 
Vishnu. 

Ajmere,  Rajputana.  26N.  75E.  Capita  1 
of  Ajmere  -  Merwara.  Contains  tomb  of 
Mussulman  saint,  Kwajah.  Purchased  by 
Britain,  1818.     Mayo  College  f.  1875. 

Akfishi,  Japan.  35N.  135E.  Contains 
Shinto  temple  in  honour  of  the  poet  Kaki- 
no-moto-no-Hitomaro. 

Ak-su,  Eastern  Turkestan.  41  n,  8ie. 
Nearly  destroyed  by  earthquake,  171 8. 
Captured  by  Khan  of  Kashgar,  1867  ; 
retaken  by  Chinese,  1877. 

Alandi,  Bombay.  19N.  74E.  Resort  of 
Hindu  pilgrims,  and  said  to  have  been  res. 
of  Jnaneshvar. 

Aleppo,  Syria.  36N.  37E.  Taken  by 
Saracens,  636;  conquered  by  Tamerlane, 
1402 ;  by  Turks,  15 17.  Visited  by  earth- 
quakes, 1 170,  1822.  Contains  the  Jarai 
Sakarya,  or  Great  Mosque,  in  which  lie 
alleged  remains  of  Zacharias,  father  of  John 
the  Baptist.  Res.  of  Mutanabbi.  (See 
Volney's  '  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en  Egypte/ 

1  A  large  niimher  of  the  places  are  not  marked  in  the  maps,  but  the  latitude 
and  longitude  will  enable  the  reader  to  locate  their  position. 

147 


7N.    80E. 
of    Adam. 


Sup- 
(See 


73E.    Scene    of 


148 


Gazetteer 


Hakluyt's  '  Voyages,*  Burckhardt's  '  Travels 
in  Sjnria  and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Aligarh,  United  Provs.  28N.  78E.  Con- 
tains Fort  Aligarh,  caiptured  by  General 
Lake  from  Mahrattas,  1803.  Seat  of  Mo- 
hammedan Anglo- Oriental  College. 

Allahabad  ('  city  of  God  '),  United  Provs. 
25N.  82E.  F.  by  Akbar,  1575.  Taken  by 
Britain,  1801.  Contains  Muir  Central  Col- 
lege. Scene  of  journeying  of  Rama  and 
Sita  described  in  the  '  Ramayana '  as  the 
hermitage  of  Bharadvaja. 

Allah  Shehr,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  2yE. 
F.  by  Attains  Philadelphus,  c.  200  B.C. ; 
supposed  to  be  one  of  *  seven  churches  of 
Asia  '  mentioned  in  Apocalypse. 

Amarapura  ('  city  of  the  gods  *),  Burma. 
22N.  96E.  Former  capital  of  Burma.  F.  in 
1783,  by  Bodawpaya.  Destroyed  by  fire, 
1810;  by  earthquake,  1839.  Contains 
celebrated  temple  with  colossal  bronze 
statue  of  Gautama. 

Amasia,  Asiatic  Turkey.  4  in.  36E. 
Former  capital  of  kings  of  Pontus.  Bp.  of 
Strabo. 

Ambur,  Madras.  13N.  79e.  Muzaffar 
Jang  conquered  Anwar-ud-din,  Nawab  of 
Arcot,  1749. 

Amoy  ('  gallery  gate '),  China.  24N. 
ii8e.  Taken  by  Britain,  1841 ;  opened  to 
foreign  trade  by  Treaty  of  Nanking,  1842. 

Amritsar  ('  pool  of  immortality '),  Pun- 
jab. 32N.  75E.  F.  round  sacred  reservoir 
by  Guru  Ram  Das,  1574.  Contains  Darbar 
Sahib,  chief  Sikh  temple;  also  fortress  of 
Govindgarh,  1809. 

Amroha,  United  Provs.  29N.  78E.  Said 
to  have  been  f .  by  Hastinapur ;  res.  of  Shah 
Wilayat.  In  the  vicinity  the  Mongols  were 
conquered,  1304. 

Amu  Daria,  Turkestan.  37N.  73E.  An- 
cient river  Oxus,  occurring  as  Amoo  in 
'The  Veiled  Prophet  of  Khorassan.'  (See 
Moore's  '  Lalla  Rookh.') 

Anantapur,  Madras.  15N.  78E.  F.  by 
Chikkappa  Udaiyar,  1364;  attacked  by 
Mahrattas,  i757. 

Aneysa,  Arabia.  26N.  45E.  Bp.  of  Abd- 
ul-Wahab,  founder  of  VVahabis.  (See 
Dough ty's  '  Travels  in  Arabia  Deserta.') 

Angkor,  Indo-China.  13N.  104E.  Ruined 
city,  near  which  are  ruins  of  Angkor- Vat,  a 
famous  Cambodian  temple.  (See  Little's 
•  Far  East.') 

Angora,  Asiatic  Turkey.  40N.  33E. 
Supposed  to  have  been  f.  by  Midas.  Scene 
of  Christian  Councils,  314,  358.  Contains 
temple  erected  to  Augustus.  Sultan  Beja- 
zet  I.  captured  by  Tamerlane,  1402. 


Ani,  Asiatic  Turkey.  41N.  43E.  Ancient 
Armenian  capital.  Taken  by  Greeks,  1045  ; 
by  Seljuks,  1064.  Destroyed  by  earth- 
quake, 1319. 

Anjangaon,  Berar.  2  in.  77e.  Treaty 
signed  between  British  and  Daulat  Rao 
Sindhia  after  second  Mahratta  War,  1803. 

Anjengo,  Madras.  9N.  77E,  Bp,  of 
historian,  Robert  Orme,  and  res.  of  Eliza 
Draper,  friend  of  Laurence  Sterne. 

Anjidiv,  Bombay.  15N.  74E.  Island 
visited  by  Ibn  Batatu,  1342 ;  by  Vasco  da 
Gama,  1498.  Occupied  by  Portuguese, 
1505.     Mentioned  by  Ptolemy. 

Ankai  Tonkai,  Bombay.  20N.  74E. 
Conquered  by  Shah  Jehan,  1635  ;  occupied 
by  British,  1818. 

Antioch,  Syria.  36N.  36E.  F.  by  Seleu- 
cus  Nicator,  c.  300  e.g.  Scene  of  St.  Paul's 
first  ministry.  Destroyed  by  earthquakes, 
526,1872.  Ruined  by  Persians,  538;  taken 
by  Saracens,  658;  by  Turks,  15 16.  Bp.  of 
Archias,  St.  Luke,  and  Chrysostom.  (See 
Volney's  *  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en  Egypte,') 

An-tung,  Manchuria.  40N.  125E.  General 
Kuroki  established  here  during  Russo- 
Japanese  War,  1904- 1905.     (See  McKenzie's 

*  From  Tokyo  to  Tiflis.') 

Anupshahr,  United  Provs.  28N.  78E. 
Occupied  by  Ahmad  Shah  Durrani,  i757  ,* 
by  British,  1773. 

Arafat  ('  the  mountain  of  mercy '), 
Arabia.  2 in.  40E.  Mountain  on  which 
Adam  and  Eve  are  alleged  to  have  met  after 
the  fall.  Scene  of  many  Mohammedan 
pilgrimages.  (See  Burton's  '  Pilgrimage  to 
Al-Madinah     and     Meccah,'     Burckhardt's 

*  Travels  in  Arabia,') 

Arantangi,  Madras,  ion,  79E.  Seized 
by  Raghunatha  Levan,  c.  1646,  1698. 

Ararat,  Asiatic  Turkey.  40N.  44E.  One 
of  mountains  in  Asia  on  which  Noah's  ark 
is  said  to  have  rested.  Parrot  first  ascended 
Great  Ararat,  1829.  Severe  earthquake 
experienced,  1840.  (See  '  Travels  of  Marco 
Polo.') 

Arcot  ('  six  deserts '),  Madras.  13N. 
79E.  Contains  ruins  of  Nawab's  palace. 
Mentioned  by  Ptolemy.  Clive  defended 
city  successfully  against  siege,  175 1. 

Ardahan,  Asiatic  Turkey.  41N.  43E. 
Successfully  stormed  by  Russians,  1877; 
ceded  to  Russia  by  Turkey,  1878. 

Argaum,  Berar.  2 in.  77E.  Mahrattas 
defeated  by  Wellesley,  1803. 

Arginusai  Is,,  off  W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor. 
39N.  27E.  Spartan  fleet  defeated  by 
Athenians  near  these  islands,  406  B.C. 

Arjesh,     Turkish    Armenia.     39N.     43E. 


Gazetteer 


149 


Taken  by  Jelal-ed-Din,  1228.  Destroyed 
by  earthquake,  1246. 

Ami,  Madras.  13N.  79E.  Clive  defeated 
Raja  Sahib  and  French  forces,  1751. 

Aror,  Bombay,  28N.  69E.  Captured  by 
Mohammedans,  c.  712. 

Arpad,  Syria.  37N.  37E.  Taken  by 
Tiglath  Pileser  II.,  740  B.C. 

Arrah,  Bengal.  26N.  85E.  In  Indian 
Mutiny  12  Englishmen  and  50  Sikhs  held 
out  against  3000  Sepoys  for  8  days,  1857. 

Artaxata,  Russian  Armenia.  39N.  45E. 
Ancient  capital  of  Armenia,  now  in  ruins. 
Hannibal  supposed  to  have  superintended 
building  of  city;  named  after  Artaxis  I., 
c.  180  B.C.  Destroyed  by  Romans,  58  ;  by 
Persians,  370.  Joseph,  the  patriarch, 
presided  over  ecclesiastical  council,  450. 

Ashdod,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Captured 
by  Jonathan,  147  B.C.  Mentioned  by 
Herodotus.  Contained  famous  temple  of 
Dagon.  (See  Thomson's  '  Land  and  the 
Book.') 

Ashta,  Central  India.  23N.  77E.  Contains 
fort  built  by  Dost  Mohammed  Khan,  1716 ; 
captured  by  Mahrattas,  1745 ;  stormed  by 
Kudsia  Begam,  1837. 

Ashta,  Bombay.  i8n.  75E.  British  de- 
feated Baji  Rao  Peshwa,  18 18. 

Asirgarh,  Central  Provs.  21N.  76E.  Mas- 
sacre of  garrison  by  Ala-ud-din  Khilji,  1295  ; 
captured  by  Akbar,  1600;  by  General 
Wellesley,  1803  ;   besieged  by  British,  1819. 

Askelon,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Ancient 
seat  of  worship  of  Astarte,  and  of  Dagon 
and  Dercetis,  whose  temple  was  plundered 
by  Scythians,  630  B.C.  Bp.  of  Herod  I., 
who  embellished  it.  Godfrey  de  Bouillon 
defeated  Egyptians,  1099 ;  city  taken  by 
Crusaders,  1153;  by  Saladin,  1187;  de- 
stroyed by  Sultan  Bibars,  1270.  (See  Scott's 
•  The  Talisman.') 

Assaye,  Haidarabad.  20N.  76E.  Mah- 
rattas conquered  by  Sir  Arthur  Wellesley, 
1803.  (See  Malleson's  '  Decisive  Battles  of 
India.') 

Athni,  Bombay.  17N.  75E.  Visited  by 
French  traveller  Mandelslo,  1639.  Yielded 
to  Rajah  Sahu  of  Satara,  1730;  British 
possession,  1839. 

Atrauli,  N.W.  Provs.  28xV.  78E.  Held  for 
three  months  by  Mohammedans  during 
Mutiny,  1857. 

Attock,  Punjab.  34N.  72E.  Contains 
fort  built  by  Akbar,  1581 ;  captured  by 
Ranjit  Singh,  1812. 

Augur,  Central  India.  24 n.  76e.  F.  by 
Agra  Bhil ;  destroyed  by  Bapuji  Sindhia, 
1801 ;  suffered  during  Mutiny,  1857. 


Aurangabad  ('  the  abode  of  Aurung- 
zebe  *),  Haidarabad.  20N.  75E.  F.  in  1620. 
Contains  Buddhist  caves,  and  mausoleum 
built  by  Aurungzebe  in  memory  of  liis 
daughter. 

Ava  (*  a  fish-pond '),  Burma.  22N.  96E. 
F.  by  Thadominpaya,  1364.  Former  capital 
of  Burma.     Ruined  by  earthquake,  1839. 

Ayodhya,  United  Provs.  27N.  82E. 
Famous  in  legend  as  city  of  Dasa-ratha, 
father  of  Rama.     (See  '  Ramayana.') 

Ayuthia,  Siam.  14N.  ioie.  Founded  in 
135 1 ;  capital  of  Siam  until  nearly  destroyed 
by  Burmese,  1767.  Chief  ruin  is  a  Buddhist 
temple,  the  '  Golden  Mount.'  (See  Little's 
'  Far  East,') 

Baalbek  ('  city  of  Baal '),  Syria.  34N. 
36E.  Contains  Temple  of  the  Sun,  built  by 
Antoninus  Pius.  Taken  by  Arabs,  748 ;  by 
Tamerlane,  1400.  Destroyed  by  earth- 
quake, 1 170,  1750.  (See  Twain's  'New 
Pilgrim's  Progress,'  Lamartine's  '  Voyage 
en  Orient,'  Moore's  *  Lalla  Rookh,'  Volney's 
'  Voyageen  85^16  et  enEgypte,'Burckhardt's 
'  Travels  in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Babylon  ('  the  gate  of  the  god  '),  Asiatic 
Turkey.  33N.  45E.  First  mentioned, 
3800  B.C. ;  capital  of  Babylonia,  c.  2300  B.C. 
Destroyed  by  Sennacherib,  689  b.c.  ;  at- 
tained eminence  under  Nabopolassar,  625- 
604  B.C. ;  under  Nebuchadnezzar,  604- 
561  B.C.  Surrendered  to  Cyrus,  539  b.c. 
Alexander  the  Great  died  in  palace  of 
Nebuchadnezzar,  323  B.C.  (See  '  Purchas 
His  Pilgrimes,'  Hakluyt's  '  Voyages.') 

Badami,  Bombay.  i6n.  76E.  Contains 
famous  cave-temple,  f.  650.  Captured  by 
General  Munro,  1818;   by  Arabs,  1840. 

Badarpur,  Bengal.  25N.  93E.  British 
defeated  Burmese,  1824. 

Badnera,  Berar.  2 in,  78E.  Partially 
destroyed  by  Rajah  Ram,  1822. 

Bagalkot,  Bombay.  i6n,  76E.  Captured 
by  Peshwa  of  Savanur,  1775 ;  by  Hyder 
Ali,  1778;   by  General  Munro,  1818. 

Baghdad,  Asiatic  Turkey.  33N.  44E. 
F.  by  Caliph  Al-Mansur,  "C-;  762 ;  embel- 
lished by  Harun-al-Rashid ;  taken  by 
Hulaku  Khan,  1258  ;  by  Tamerlane,  1393  ; 
by  Amurath  IV.,  1638.  Contains  tomb  of 
Zobeida,  wife  of  Harun-al-Rashid,  and  is 
famous  by  means  of  the  '  Arabian  Nights.' 
(See  Firdausi's  *  Sha  Name,'  Gosse's 
'  Firdausi  in  Exile,'  '  Purchas  His  Pil- 
grimes,' *  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.') 

Baghput,  Punjab.  29N.  77E.  Said  to  be 
the  Vyaghraprastha  mentioned  in  the 
*  Mahabharata.' 


I50 


Gazetteer 


Bahera,  Punjab.  32N.  73E.  Captured 
by  Babar,  15 19;    pillaged  by  Nur-ud-din, 

1757. 

Bahraich,  United  Piovs.  28N.  82E.  Con- 
tains tomb  of  Mohammedan  saint,  Masaud. 

Baj-Baj,  Bengal.  22N.  88e.  Fort  cap- 
tured by  Clive  from  Siraj-ud-daula,  1756. 

Bajwara,  Punjab.  32  n.  76E.  Rajah 
Sansar  Chand  conquered  Sirdar  Bhup  Singh, 
1 801 ;  fort  captured  by  Ranjit  Singh, 
1825. 

Balkh,  Afghan  Turkestan.  37N.  67E. 
Zoroaster  first  preached  his  doctrine, 
549  B.C. ;  died  at  Balkh.  Visited  by 
Chinese  explorer.  Fa  Hian,  402 ;  Hiouen 
Thsang,  643 ;  by  Marco  Polo,  1263.  Be- 
sieged and  taken  by  Ninus,  1933  B.C. ; 
pillaged  by  Genghis  Khan,  122 1 ;  .destroyed 
by  Tamerlane,  1390.  (See  '  Travels  of 
Marco  Polo.') 

Bamian,  Afghanistan.  35  n.  68e.  De- 
stroyed by  Genghis  Khan,  122 1. 

Bander  Abbas  ('  harbour  of  Abbas '), 
Persia.  27N.  56E.  Ancient  Harmozia. 
Portuguese  driven  out  by  Shah  Abbas  the 
Great  with  help  of  British,  1623.  (See 
Moore's  '  Lalla  Rookh,'  story  of  '  The  Fire- 
Worshippers.') 

Bandhogarh,  Central  India.  24N.  8ie. 
Attacked  by  Asaf  Khan,  1563 ;  captured 
by  Patr  Das,  1597 ;  yielded  to  Anup  Singh, 
1658.     Said  to  be  bp.  of  Akbar. 

Banera,  Rajputana.  26N.  75E.  Con- 
quered by  Akbar,  1567 ;  fort  built  in  1726 ; 
captured  by  Rajah  of  Shahpura,  c.  1756. 

Bangalore,  Mysore.  13N.  78E.  F.  by 
Hyder  Ali,  1537.  Taken  by  Lord  Com- 
wallis,  1 79 1.  Contains  palace  of  Tippoo 
Sahib,  and  Central  College. 

Bangkok,  Siam.  14N.  ioie.  Ceded  to 
Louis  XIV.,  1687;  became  royal  residence, 
1767.  Contains  famous  temples,  and  a 
colossal  statue  of  Buddha.  (See  Little's 
'  Far  East.') 

Banias,  Syria.  33N.  36E.  Visited  by 
W.  M.  Thomson,  and  described  in  '  The 
Land  and  the  Book.' 

Bankapur,  Bombay.  15N,  76E.  First 
mentioned,  898.  Stormed  by  Firoz  Shah, 
1406;  conquered  by  Hyder  Ali,  1776; 
ceded  to  British,  1802. 

Bantam,  East  Indies.  6s.  io6e.  De- 
scribed in  first  part  of  '  Purchas  His  Pil- 
grimes  '  as  celebrated  town  of  Java. 

Baragaon,  Bengal.  25N.  85E.  Visited 
by  Hiuen  Tsiang,  who  here  studied  religion. 

Bardwan,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Scene  of 
the  third  story  of  the  vampire  in  Burton's 
•  Vikram  and  the  Vampire.' 


Bareilly,  United  Provs.  28N.  79E.  New 
town  f.  by  Rajah  Makrand-Mughals,  1657. 
Taken  by  English,  1801 ;  Europeans  mas- 
sacred during  Mutiny,  1857;  recaptured 
by  Sir  Colin  Campbell,  1858. 

Baroda,  Bombay,  22 n.  73E.  Tributary 
to  Great  Britain,  1802 ;  Malhar  Rao  suc- 
ceeded Sayaji  Rao  III.,  1875. 

Barpeta,  Bengal.  26N.  91E.  Sankar 
Deb,  follower  of  Vishnu,  here  f.  a  religious 
college.  Partially  destroyed  by  earth- 
quake, 1897. 

Barrackpur,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Promi- 
nent town  in  Sepoy  mutinies,  1824,  1857. 
Contains  Lady  Canning's  tomb. 

Barsana,  United  Provs.  28N,  77E.  Fabled 
to  be  a  res.  of  Radha,  mistress  of  Kishna. 
Pillaged  by  imperial  troops,  1774. 

Barwani,  Central  India.  22N.  75  e.  Said 
to  have  been  f.  by  Rana  Chandra  Singh, 
c.  1650.  Near  town  is  sacred  hill  of  Jains, 
and  temple  with  inscription  dating  from 
1166. 

Basarh,  Bengal.  26N.  85E.  Visited  by 
Buddha,  and  sacred  town  of  Buddhists. 
Visited  by  explorers  Fa  Hian  and  Hieun 
Tsiang. 

Basavapatna,  Mysore.  14N.  76E.  Cap- 
tured by  Bijapurs,  1637;  destroyed  by 
Hyder  Ali,  1763  ;  plundered  by  Mahrattas, 
1 79 1.     Ancient  res.  of  Baba  Budan. 

Basra  (*  fortress '),  Asiatic  Turkey.  30N. 
48E.  F.  under  Omar,  656.  Contains  tomb 
of  Zobeir.     (See  '  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.') 

Bassein,  Bombay.  19N.  73E.  Ceded  to 
Portuguese,  1534 ;  taken  by  Mahrattas, 
1765  ;    by  British,  1780. 

Batala,  Punjab.  32N.  75E.  F.  by  Rai 
Ram  Deo,  c.  1465.  Contains  tomb  of 
Shamsher  Khan,  foster-brother  of  Akbar. 

Batavia  ('  good  land '),  East  Indies.  6s. 
107E.  First  European  settlement  f.  by 
Pieter  Both,  1610;  new  city  f.  by  Jean 
Koen,  1 62 1.  Unsuccessfully  besieged  by 
Kings  of  Bantam  and  Jacantra,  1619. 
Earthquake  experienced,  1699. 

Bayana,  Punjab.  26N.  77E.  Contains 
temple  with  inscription  dated  1043.  Fort 
near  captured  by  Mohammed  Ghori,  1196; 
by    Sikanda    Lodi,    1492 ;     by   Humayun, 

1535. 

Bayazid,  Turkish  Armenia.  39N.  44E. 
Captured  by  Russians,  1828,  1854,  1877. 
Yielded  to  Turkey  by  Treaty  of  Berlin, 
1878. 

Bednore  ('  bamboo  city '),  Mysore.  14N. 
75E.  Capital  of  Rajah  of  Ikari,  1645. 
Taken  by  Hyder  Ah,  1763 ;  by  General 
Matthews,  1783  ;   by  Tippoo  Sahib,  1784. 


Gazetteer 


i5» 


Beer-Sheba  ('  well  of  the  oath '),  Palestine. 
3 IN.  35E.  Only  ruins  remain  of  ancient 
city  famous  in  Biblical  history  from  time 
of  Abraham's  digging  a  well  and  planting 
a  grove. 

Begampur,  Bombay.  i8n.  76E.  Con- 
tains tomb  of  daughter  of  Aurungzebe. 

Behar  (*  monastery '),  Bengal.  25N.  86e. 
Famous  as  ancient  centre  of  Buddhism,  and 
as  city  in  which  Buddha  preached. 

Behistun  ('  place  of  the  gods '),  Persia. 
34N.  47E.  Rock  on  which  cuneiform  in- 
scriptions recounting  deeds  of  Darius  I. 
are  engraved;  discovered  by  Sir  Henry 
Rawlinson,  1835. 

Beit  Jibrin,  S5Tia.  32N.  35E.  Visited  by 
W.  M.  Thomson,  and  described  in  '  The 
Land  and  the  Book.' 

Bela,  Baluchistan.  26N.  66e.  Contains 
tomb  of  Sir  Robert  Sandeman. 

Belgaum,  Bombay.  i6n.  75E.  Taken 
by  Aurungzebe.  1686 ;  by  Hyder  All,  1776 ; 
by  British,  1818. 

Bellary,  Madras.  15N.  77E.  Captured 
by  Sivaji,  the  Mahratta,  c.  1678 ;  ceded  to 
British,  1800. 

Benares  (*  the  splendid '),  N.W.  Provs. 
25N.  83E.  Visited  by  Hsuan  Tsang  in  7th 
century  a.d.  Religious  capital  of  India, 
containing  many  temples.  Taken  by  Sultan 
Mahmoud,  1190;  ceded  to  England,  1775; 
outbreak  during  Indian  Mutiny,  1857.  (See 
Sir  Edwin  Arnold's  *  Light  of  Asia,'  Burton's 
*  Vikram  and  the  Vampire.*) 

Bencoolen,  Sumatra.  4s.  102E.  F.  by 
British,  1685 ;  Fort  Marlborough  built, 
1 714.  Formerly  chief  British  possession  in 
Sumatra ;  ceded  to  Holland  in  exchange  for 
Malacca,  1824. 

Bendemeer,  Persia.  30N.  52E.  (See  Thos. 
Moore's  '  Lalla  Rooldi,'  story  of  the  *  Veiled 
Prophet  of  Khorassan.') 

Berasia,  Central  India.  24N.  77E. 
Contains  tomb  of  his  father  built  by  Dost 
Mohammed. 

Berea,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Battle  fought 
in  which  Judas  Maccabseus  was  killed,  161  B.C. 

Berezov,  Siberia.  64N.  65E.  F.  in  1593. 
Partially  burnt,  1719,  1808.  Prince  Men- 
shikov  died  in  exile,  1729 ;  Prince  Dol- 
goruki,  1730.  General  Ostermann  exiled, 
1742  ;   died,  174  7. 

Berghama,  Asiatic  Turkey.  39N.  27E. 
Ancient  capital  of  Pergamus,  and  contains 
many  magnificent  ruins;  bequeathed  to 
Romans  by  Attains  III.,  133  B.C.  Bp.  of 
Galen  and  Apollodorus. 

Berhampur,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Indian 
Mutiny  originated  here,  1857. 


Besika,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  26E.  Bay  used 
as  station  for  British  fleet,  1853-1854,  1877- 
1878. 

Bethany,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Fre- 
quently mentioned  in  the  Bible  as  the  house 
of  Lazarus,  Martha  and  Mary,  Simon  the 
leper.  Contains  alleged  tomb  of  Lazarus, 
and  village  is  now  called  '  El-Azariyeh,*  the 
'  Place  of  Lazarus.' 

Bethel  (*  house  of  God '),  Palestine.  32N. 
35E.  Supposed  to  have  been  f.  by  Abraham 
or  Jacob.  Rachel  and  Deborah  died  at 
Bethel. 

Beth-horon  (*  place  of  caves'),  Palestine.. 
32N.  35E.  The  Syrians  under  Prince  Soront 
vanquished  by  Judas  Maccabajus. 

Bethlehem  ('  house  of  bread '),  Palestine 
33N.  35E.  Bp.  of  David  and  of  Christ, 
Devastated  by  Hadrian,  132.  Contains 
Church  of  the  Nativity  built  by  Constan- 
tino ;  enlarged  by  Justinian ;  embellished 
by  Manuel  Comnenus,  11 70;  by  Edward 
IV,  and  Philip  of  Burgundy,  1482.  Burial- 
place  of  Jerome.  (See  Kinglake's  *  Eothen,' 
Twain's  *  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,*  Lamar- 
tine's  *  Voyage  en  Orient,*  '  Purchas  His 
Pilgrimes,'  Thomson's  *  Land  of  the  Book.') 

Beyrout,  Sjoia.  34N  35E.  Destroyed 
by  Tryphon,  140  b.c.  ;  taken  by  Arabs, 
635;  by  Baldwin,  iiii;  re-captured  by 
Saladin,  11 87;  by  Turks,  1763.  Lamar- 
tine's  only  daughter  died  here,  1832.  (See 
Kinglake's  *  Eothen,'  Burton's  *  Wanderings 
in  Three  Continents,'  Lamartine's  *  Voyage 
en  Orient,'  Thomson's  '  Land  and  the 
Book,*  Volney*s  *  Voyage  en  Sjnrie  et  en 
Egypte.') 

Bhadaur,  Punjab.  30N.  75E.  F.  by 
Sirdar  Dunna  Singh,  1718 ;  res.  of  Bhadaur 
chiefs. 

Bhagalpur,  Bengal.  25N.  87E.  Contains 
lamous  Jain  temples,  and  native  monument 
to  Augustus  Cleveland. 

Bhagwangola,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Un- 
successfully besieged  by  Mahrattas,  1743 ; 
burnt  by  Mahrattas,  1750.  Temporary  res. 
of  Surajah  Dowlah. 

Bhainsrorgarh,  Rajputana.  25N.  76E. 
Said  to  have  been  f .  by  Bhainsa  Sah ; 
captured  by  Ala-ud-din,  c.  1303. 

Bhanpura,  Rajputana.  25 n.  76E.  Res. 
and  burial-place  of  Jaswant  Rao  Holkar. 

Bhartpur  ('  city  of  Bhurat '),  Rajputana. 
27N.  78E.  Unsuccessfully  stormed  by  Lord 
Lake,  1805 ;  taken  by  Lord  Combermere, 
1826.  Under  British  administration,  1853. 
(See  Malleson's  '  Decisive  Battles  of  India.') 

Bhatner,  Punjab.  30N.  74E.  Captured 
and  partially  destroyed  by  Tamerlane,  1398. 


152 


Gazetteer 


Bhilsa,  Rajputana.  24N.  78E.  Contains 
mosques  built  by  Akbar,  1583  ;  by  Aurung- 
zebe,  1682.  Plundered  by  Altamsh,  1235 ; 
seized  by  Ala-ud-din,  1290. 

Bhojpur,  Bombay.  19N.  74E.  Contains 
stones  bearing  ancient  carvings  and  inscrip- 
tion dating  from  c.  200  B.C. 

Bhubaneswar,  Bengal.  20N.  86e.  Sacred 
city  of  the  followers  of  Siva;  of  great  anti- 
quity. 

Bhuj,  Bombay.  23N.  70E.  Taken  by 
storm  by  Sir  William  Kier,  1819. 

Bidar,  Haidarabad,  i8n.  78E.  Captured 
by  Ulugh  Khan,  1321 ;  by  Aurungzebe, 
1656. 

Biderra,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Colonel 
Forde  conquered  Dutch  under  Colonel 
Roussel,  1759.  (See  Malleson's  *  Decisive 
Battles  of  India.') 

Bijanagur  (*  city  of  triumph '),  Madras. 
i6n.  77e.  F.  in  1336;  destroyed  by 
Mohammedan  kings,  1564.  Contains  temples 
made  of  granite. 

Bijapur  (*  city  of  victory '),  Bombay. 
17N.  76E.  Taken  by  Aurungzebe,  1686; 
given  to  Rajah  of  Satara  by  British,  1818. 

Bilsa,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Remarkable 
Buddhist  remains  discovered  .  by  English 
travellers,  1822 ;  contains  tomb  of  Mussul- 
man, Djelal-ed-din  Bhokhary. 

Bimlipatam,  Madras.  i8n.  83E,  Cap- 
tured by  Mahrattas,  1754  »  ceded  to  British 
by  Dutch,  1825. 

Bindraban,  Bengal.  26N.  88e.  Krishna 
is  supposed  to  have  passed  his  childhood 
here,  and  several  temples  are  erected  in  his 
honour. 

Birsinha,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Bp,  of 
Iswar  Chandra  Vidyasagar,  writer  of  *  Sitar 
Banabas.' 

Bisauli,  United  Provs.  28N.  79E.  Res. 
and  burial-place  of  Dunde  Khan. 

Bithur,  United  Provs.  27N.  8oe.  One  of 
chief  centres  of  worship  of  Brahma.  Nana 
Sahib  here  defeated  by  Havelock  during 
Mutiny,  1857. 

Bitlis,  Asiatic  Turkey.  38N.  42E.  Sup- 
posed to  have  been  f,  by  Alexander  the 
Great.  Taken  by  Arabs,  648.  Scene  of 
defeat  of  Solyman  by  Persians,  1554. 

Blagovieshtchensk  ('  city  of  the  annun- 
ciation'),  Siberia,  76N.  146E.  F.  in  1856; 
capital  of  Amur  district,  1858.  Attacked 
unsuccessfully  by  Chinese,  1900.  (See 
Fraser's  '  Real  Siberia.') 

Boca  Tigris  ('  the  tiger's  mouth  *),  China. 
23N.  114E.  Entrance  to  the  Canton  river, 
containing  fortified  islands  taken  by 
British,  1841,  1856. 


Bodinayakkanur,  Madras,  ion.  77E.  Cap- 
tured by  Hyder  Ali,  1776. 

Bokhara  (*  a  church '),  Turkestan..  40N. 
65E.  Burnt  by  Djenghis-Khan,  1221. 
Contains  360  mosques  and  many  colleges. 
Scene  of  youth  of  Zelica  and  Azim  in 
Moore's  *  Lalla  Rookh.' 

Bombay,  Bombay,  iqn.  73E.  Ceded  to 
Portugal,  1530 ;  part  of  marriage-portion  of 
Catherine  of  Portugal,  1661 ;  British  estab- 
lished themselves  here,  1666. 

Borsad,  Bombay.  22N.  73E.  Res.  of 
Rangoji,  1741 ;  here  made  prisoner,  1748. 

Botad,  Bombay.  22N.  72E.  Town  near 
which  is  tomb  of  Pir  Hamir  Khan,  Mussul- 
man saint. 

Brahmakund,  Bengal.  28N.  96E.  Pool 
which  was  the  scene  of  an  incident  in  which 
Parasu  Rama,  an  incarnation  of  Vishnu, 
took  part. 

Brahmapuri,  Bombay.  i8n.  76E.  Res. 
of  Aurungzebe  from  1695  to  1700. 

Brahmini,  Bengal.  2 in.  86e.  Famous 
as  scene  of  wooing  of  Matsya  Gandha, 
mother  of  alleged  compiler  of  *  Mahab- 
harata  '  and  the  Vedas. 

Broach,  Bombay.  22N.  73E.  Captured 
by  British,  1772 ;  ceded  to  Scindia,  1783 ; 
re-captured  by  British,  1803. 

Brusa,  Asiatic  Turkey.  40N.  29E.  Former 
capital  of  Bithynia.  F.  by  Pnisus  II.,  King 
of  Bithynia.  Captured  by  Sultan  Orklian 
of  Turkey,  1326;  plundered  by  Tartars, 
1402  ;    suffered  from  earthquakes,  1855, 

Budaun,  United  Provs.  28N.  78E.  Sup- 
posed to  have  been  f.  c.  905.  Seized  by 
Kutb-ud-din,  1196;  joined  in  Mutiny,  1857. 
Res.  of  Ala-ud-din. 

Buddha-Gaya,  Bengal.  25N.  85E.  For- 
merly centre  of  worship  of  Buddha,  and 
contains  sacred  pipal-tree  under  which 
Sakyamuni  reached  Buddhahood.  Visited 
by  Hieun  Tsiang,  635. 

Budihaul,  Madras.  14N.  76E.  Captured 
by  Hyder  Ali,  1761 ;  by  Mahrattas,  1771, 
1790. 

Budrum,  Asiatic  Turkey.  37N.  27E. 
F.  on  site  of  ancient  Halicamassus.  Con- 
tains a  fortress  built  by  the  knights  of 
Rhodes,  1402.  Bp.  of  Herodotus  and 
Dionysius. 

Burhanpur,  Central  Provs.  2 in.  76E.  F. 
by  Nasir  Khan,  c.  1400 ;  adorned  by  Akbar, 
1600.  Pillaged  by  Mahrattas,  1685 ;  cap- 
tured by  Wellesley,  1803. 

Buxar,  Bengal.  26N.  84E.  Mir  Kasim 
defeated  by  Sir  Hector  Munro,  1764.  Of 
literary  interest  as  res.  of  writers  of  Vedic 
hymns. 


Gazetteer 


153 


Caesarea,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  F.  by 
Herod  the  Great  on  site  of  Strato's  Tower. 
Famous  in  biblical  history  as  city  in  which 
St.  Peter  preached  to  Cornelius,  and  St. 
Paul  was  incarcerated  for  two  years. 
Vespasian  became  emperor,  69 ;  Eusebius 
was  bishop,  315-318 ;  captured  by  Crusaders 
but  regained  by  Saladin,  iioi;  destroyed 
by  Sultan  Bibars,  1265.     (See  Lamartine's 

*  Voyage  en  Orient,'  Thomson's  *  Land  and 
the  Book.') 

Calah,  Asiatic  Turkey.  36N.  43E.  One 
of  ancient  capitals  of  Assyria ;  f.  by  Shal- 
maneser  I.,  c.  1300  b.c.  ;  rebuilt  by  Asur- 
nazirpal,  880  B.C.  Ruins  discovered  by 
Sir  A.  H.  Layard,  1845. 

Calcutta,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  F.  by 
Governor  Job  Chamock,  i686 ;  Fort  William 
established,  1696;  besieged  by  Surajah 
Dowlah,  Nawab  of  Bengal,  and  captives 
imprisoned  in  the  '  Black  Hole,'  1756 ; 
recaptured  by  Clive,  1757;  chief  seat  of 
British  government,   1773.     (See   Kipling's 

*  City  of  Dreadful  Night.') 

Calicut,  Madras,  iin.  76E.  Covilhara 
landed  here,  i486;  Vasco  da  Gama,  1498; 
Captain  Keeling,  16 15.  Don  Fernando 
Coutinho  repulsed,  1509 ;  devastated  by 
Hyder  Ali,  1765  ;  taken  by  British,  1782  ; 
by  Tippoo  Sahib,  1788 ;  re- taken  by 
British,  1790.  (See  Burton's  '  Goa  and  the 
Blue  Mountains,*  also  '  Purchas  His  Pil- 
grimes.') 

Cambay,  Bombay.  22N.  73E.  Taken 
by  General  Goddard,  1780;  given  to 
Mahrattas,  1783 ;  ceded  to  British,  1803. 
(See  Hakluyt's  *  Voyages.') 

Cana,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Famous  in 
biblical  history  as  scene  of  Christ's  first 
miracle.     Bp.  of  his  disciple  Simon. 

Cannanore,  Madras.  i2n.  75E.  Visited 
by  Vasco  de  Gama,  1498. 

Canton,  China.  23N.  113E.  Bogue  forts 
captured  by  British,  1841 ;  city  occupied 
by  French  and  British  forces,  1857.  (See 
Little's  *  Far  East,'  Kipling's  *  From  Sea 
to  Sea.*) 

Capernaum  (*  village  of  Nahum '),  Pales- 
tine. 33N.  36E.  City  in  which  Christ 
resided,  and  performed  many  miracles ; 
home    of    St.    Matthew.     (See    Thomson's 

*  Land  and  the  Book.') 

Carchemish,  Asiatic  Turkey.  37N.  38E. 
Captured  by  Tiglath-pileser  I.,  c.  1120  b.c.  ; 
Josiah  killed  by  NeclioH.  of  Egypt,  609  b.c.  ; 
Necho  vanquished  by  Nebuchadnezzar, 
605  B.C. 

Carmel,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Mountain 
on  which  Elijah  slaughtered  the  priests  of 


Baal.  Napoleon  used  one  of  the  monas- 
teries situated  here  as  a  hospital,  1799. 
Visited  by  Lamartine,  1832. 

Cawnpur  (*  city  of  Krishna  *),  United 
Provs.  26N,  80E.  Scene  of  the  massacre 
of  Europeans  by  Nana  Sahib  during  Mutiny, 
1857.     (See  Trevelyan's  *  Cawnpore.') 

Cayster,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  2SE.  River 
made  famous  by  Virgil  in  the  '  Georgics ' 
and  Ovid  in  the  '  Metamorphoses.'  Remains 
of  Ephesus  are  near  its  month. 

Celebes,  Malay  Archipelago.  4s.  121E. 
Discovered  by  Portuguese,  15 12;  estab- 
lished fort  at  Macassar,  1525  ;  driven  out 
by  Dutch,  1660;  taken  by  British,  but 
yielded  to  Dutch,  1814. 

Ceylon,  Indian  Ocean.  8n.  8ie.  Visited 
by  Portuguese,  1505 ;  driven  from  island 
by  Dutch,  1658;  ceded  to  Britain  by 
Treaty  of  Amiens,  1802  ;    annexed,  18 15. 

Chakan,  Bombay.  19N.  74E.  Captured 
by  Malik  Ahmad,  i486 ;  by  Shaista  Khan, 
1662  ;   by  Lieut.-Col.  Deacon,  1818. 

Chakdaha,  Bengal,  23N,  89E.  Ep.  of 
Karta  Baba,  who  f.  the  Kartabhaja  sect. 

Champaner,  Bombay,  22N.  74E.  Taken 
by  Mahmoud  Begara,  1484 ;  plundered  by 
Humayun,  1535. 

Chanar,  United  Provs.  25N.  83E.  Supposed 
to  have  been  f.  by  Bhartrinath.  Taken  by 
Humayun,  1537;  by  Akbar,  1575;  at- 
tempted seizure  by  Major  Munro,  1763. 
Near  fort  is  tomb  of  Saint  Shah  Kasim 
Sulaimani. 

Chandaur,  Bombay.  20N.  74  e.  Taken 
by  the  Mogols,  1635 ;  by  Aurungzebe, 
1665 ;  by  Colonel  Wallace,  1804 ;  British 
possession,  1818. 

Chanderi,  Central  India.  25 n.  78E.  Seized 
by  Ghiyas-ud-din,  1251 ;  by  Mahmoud 
Khilji  I.,  1438 ;  by  Jean  Baptiste  Filose, 
i8ti  ;    by  Sir  Hugh  Rose,  1858. 

Chandernagore  ('  city  of  the  moon '), 
Bengal.  23 n.  88e.  Ceded  to  French  by 
Aurungzebe,  1688;  taken  by  British,  1757; 
restored  to  French,  1816. 

Chandragiri,  Madras.  14N,  79E.  Said 
to  have  been  f.  by  Immadi  Narashima 
Yadava  Rayalu,  1000.  Res.  of  deposed 
Vijayanagar  kings.  Conquered  by  Hyder 
Ali,  1782. 

Charsadda,  Punjab.  34  n.  72E,  Men- 
tioned by  Ptolemy  and  Arrian;  visited  by 
Hieun  Tsiang. 

Chaul,  Bombay.  19N.  73E.  Occupied 
by  Portuguese,  15 16;  pillaged  by  Gujerat 
troops,  1529;  Ahmadnagar  army  defeated 
by  Portuguese,  1594  ;  taken  by  Mahrattas, 
1740. 


154 


Gazetteer 


Chemulpo,  Korea.  37N.  127E.  In 
Russian-Japanese  war,  Russians  defeated 
by  Admiral  Urin,  1904.  (See  McKenzie's 
*  From  Tokyo  to  Tiflis.') 

Chengalput,  Madras.  13N.  8oe,  Said  to 
have  been  f .  by  Timmarajah.  Captured  by 
French,  1751 1  by  Give,  1752;  place  of 
refuge  of  British  troops,  1780. 

Chetwai,  Madras,  iin.  76E.  Occupied 
by  Dutch,  1717;  taken  by  Hyder  Ali, 
1776;    British  possession,  1790. 

Chhapia,  United  Provs.  27N.  82E.  Bp.  of 
Swami  Narayan,  incarnation  of  Krishna. 

Chidambaram  (*  the  atmosphere  of  wis- 
dom*), Madras,  iin.  8oe.  Taken  by 
French,  1753 ;  unsuccessfully  attacked  by 
British,  1759  ;  captured  by  Major  Monson, 
1760;  unsuccessfully  attacked  by  Sir  Eyre 
Coote,  1781. 

Chi-fu,  China,  38N.  122E.  Convention 
held  between  Sir  Thomas  Wade  and  Li 
Hung  Chang,  1876;  meeting-place  of 
blockade  runners,  1904-5. 

Chiknayakanhilli,  Madras.  13N.  77E. 
Pillaged  by  Mahrattas,  1791.  Burial-place 
of  Dodda  Deva  Rajah. 

Chillianwallah,  Punjab.  33N.  74E.  Sikhs 
defeated  in  doubtful  battle  by  Lord  Gough, 
1849.  (See  Malleson's  '  Decisive  Battles  of 
India.') 

Chinchvad,  Bombay.  19N.  74E.  Res.  of 
Moroba,  incarnation  of  Ganpati,  and  scene 
of  his  miracles. 

Chin-Kiang,  China.  35N.  io8e.  Parti- 
ally destroyed  by  Tai-pings,  1853. 

Chinsurah,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  F.  by 
Dutch,  1656 ;  routed  by  British  under 
Colonel  Forde,  1758;  occupied  by  British, 
1795;  restored  to  Dutch,  1814;  ceded  to 
British,  1825. 

Chitakul,  Bombay.  15N,  74E.  Captured 
by  Portuguese,  1752 ;  by  Fazl-uUah  Khan, 
1763. 

Chitrakut,  United  Provs.  25N.  8ie.  Men- 
tioned in  the  *  Ramayana*  as  scene  of 
wanderings  of  Rama  and  Sita,  and  here  they 
were  sought  out  by  Bharat. 

Chittagong,  Burma.  22N.  92E.  Visited 
by  Portuguese,  1618 ;  belonged  to  Mogol 
empire,  1666 ;   taken  by  British,  1760. 

Chupni,  Bengal,  25  n.  92E.  Bp.  of 
Akhay  Kumar  Datta,  prose- writer  of 
Bengal. 

Cnidus,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  27E.  Sup- 
posed to  have  been  f .  by  Triopas.  Famous 
for  the  worship  of  Venus.  Near  the  coast 
of  Cnidus  Conon  defeated  the  Spartan  fleet, 
314  B.C.  Bp.  of  Eudoxus,  Ctesias,  and 
Sostratus. 


Cochin,  Madras.  ion.  76E.  Taken 
from  the  Portuguese  by  Dutch,  1633  ; 
captured  by  British,  1795  ;  ceded  by  treaty 
to  British,  18 14.  Visited  by  Vasco  da 
Gama,  1502 ;  by  St.  Francis  Xavier,  1530. 
(See  Halduyt's  *  Voyages.') 

Coimbatore,  Madras,  iin.  77E.  Taken 
by  British  from  Tippoo  Sahib,  1799. 

Colgong,  Bengal.  25 n.  87E.  Death  of 
Ghiyas-ud-din  Mahmoud,  last  king  of 
Bengal,  took  place  here,  1539. 

Colombo,  Ceylon.  7n.  8oe.  Taken  by 
Portuguese,  1517;  ousted  by  Dutch,  1603  ; 
conquered  by  British,  1796. 

Colophon,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  27E.  Sup- 
posed to  have  been  f.  by  Andracmon  of 
Pylos  or  by  Mopsus.  Bp.  of  Homer, 
Mimnermus,  and  Nicander. 

Colossae,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  29E.  Now 
represented  by  Khonas,  bp.  of  Nicetas 
Khoniates.  Mentioned  by  Xenophon  and 
Herodotus.  St,  Paul  sent  a  letter  to  its 
church  during  his  imprisonment  at  Rome. 

Conjeveram,  Madras.  13N.  8oe.  Cap- 
tured by  Mussulmans,  1310,  1646;  by 
Mahrattas,  1677  >*  by  Clive,  1752  ;  burnt  by 
French,  1757. 

Coringa,  Madras,  17N.  82E.  Became 
British  possession,  1759.  Inundated  and 
partially  destroyed  by  ocean,  1787,  1832. 

Cossimbazar,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  British 
defeated  by  Surajah  Dowlah,  1757.  Con- 
tains tomb  of  first  wife  of  Warren  Hastings. 

Covelong,  Madras.  13N.  8oe.  Captured 
by  French,  1750;   by  Clive,  1752. 

Cranganore,  Madras,  ion.  76E.  Fortress 
erected  by  Portuguese,  1505 ;  ceded  to 
Dutch,  1660 ;   sold  to  Rajah  of  Travancore. 

Cunaxa,  Asiatic  Turkey.  33N.  44E. 
Cyrus  the  Younger  killed  here  in  a  battle 
wi  th  his  brother,  Artaxerxes  Mneraon,  40 1  b  .  c. 

Cydnus,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  35E.  River 
up  which  Cleopatra  sailed  to  meet  Antony, 

Cyprus,  Asiatic  Turkey.  35N.  33E.  Seat 
of  worship  of  Aphrodite ;  bp.  of  Barnabas. 
Conquered  by  Arabs,  646 ;  retaken  by 
Greeks,  648 ;  secured  by  Haroun-al- 
Raschid,  802;  by  Comnenus,  11 84;  ruled 
by  Guy  de  Lusignan,  1193;  occupied  by 
Turks,  1570;  ruled  by  British,  1878.  (See 
Kinglake's  '  Eothen,'  Hakluyt's  '  Voyages.*) 

Dafar,  Arabia.  17N.  54E.  Described  in 
*  Travels  of  Marco  Polo '  as  Dulfar. 

Damalcheruvu  Pass,  Madras.  13N.  79E. 
Mahrattas  defeated  and  killed  Nawab  Dost 
Ali,  1740. 

Daman,  Bombay.  2 on.  73E.  Portu- 
guese possession  since  15  31. 


Gazetteer 


155 


I 


Damascus,  Syria.  34N.  36E.  Supposed 
to  have  been  f.  by  Uz.  Conquered  by 
David,  by  Jeroboam  II.,  Tiglath-Pileser, 
Sennacherib,  and  Nebuchadnezzar.  Sub- 
dued by  Pompey,  64  b.c.  ;  by  Moham- 
medans, 635 ;  conquered  by  Nureddin, 
1154;  Saladin  died  here,  1193  ;  Egyptians 
defeated  by  Tamerlane,  1401 ;  taken  from 
Turks  by  Selim  I.,  15 16;  captured  by 
Ibrahim  Pasha,  1832 ;  ceded  to  Turkey, 
1840.  Massacre  of  Jews,  1840 ;  of  Chris- 
tians, i860.  The  English  historian  Buckle 
died  here.  (See  Kinglake's  *  Eothen,* 
Burton's  *  Wanderings  in  Three  Continents,' 
Twain's  *  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  Lamar- 
tine's  *  Voyage  en  Orient,'  Hakluyt's 
'  Voyages,'  Burckhardt's  *  Travels  in  Syria 
and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Daminya,  Bengal.  25N.  88e.  Bp.  of 
Mukunda  Ram  Chakrabarti. 

Daulatabad  (*  abode  of  prosperity '), 
Haidarabad.  20N.  75 e.  F.  by  Bhillama  I., 
c.  1 187  A.D. ;  seized  by  Ala-ud-din  Khilji, 
1294;  by  Mohammedans,  1307,  1310; 
Rajah  Harpal  flayed  alive,  1318 ;  captured 
by  Nijam  Shakis  from  Bahmanis,  1526; 
from  Emperor  Akbar,  1595 ;  taken  by 
Malik  Amber,  1607  J  by  Shah  Jahan,  1633  ; 
Abul  Hasan  imprisoned  here  by  Aurung- 
zebe,  1687. 

Dead  Sea,  Palestine.  32N.  36E.  Fre- 
quently mentioned  in  biblical  history.  (See 
Kinglake's  *  Eothen,'  Lamartine's  *  Voyage 
en  Orient.') 

Deglur,  Haidarabad.  19N.  78E.  Contains 
tomb  of  Shah  Zia-ud-din  Rifai. 

Delhi,  Punjab.  29N.  77E.  Captured  by 
Mohammedans,  1193 ;  by  Tamerlane,  1398 ; 
Sultan  Baber  established  Mogol  dynasty, 
1526;  burnt  by  Mahrattas,  1736;  taken 
by  Persians,  who  plundered  it  of  treasures, 
including  Koh-i-noor  diamond,  1739 ;  re- 
captured by  Mahrattas,  1789 ;  seized  by 
Lord  Lake,  1803  ;  scene  of  terrible  massacre 
of  British  in  Mutiny,  1857;  Durbar  of 
Edward  VII.  held  here,  1903  ;  of  George  V., 
19 1 1.  (See  Mrs.  F.  A.  Steel's  '  On  the  Face 
of  the  Waters '  and  *  India  through  the 
Ages,'  Madhu  Sudan  Datta's  *  Captive 
Ladie,'  Moore's  *  Lalla  Rookh.') 

Deogarh,  United  Provs.  25  n.  78e. 
Contains  carvings  dating  from  1097. 
Captured  by  Colonel  Baptiste,  181 1. 

Deogurk,  Bengal.  25N.  87E.  Contains 
many  temples  to  Siva,  and  is  famous  place 
of  pilgrimage. 

Deraiyeh,  Arabia.  25N.  46E.  Ancient 
capital  of  Wahabis  ;  destroyed  by  Egyptians 
under  Ibrahim  Pasha,  1818. 


Devanhalli,  Madras.  15N.  78E.  F.  in 
1501 ;  captured  by  Lord  Comwallis,  1791. 
Bp.  of  Tippoo  Sahib. 

Devikottai,  Madras,  iin.  8oe.  Taken 
from  Pratap  Singh  by  British,  1749 »  occu- 
pied by  British  garrison,  1760. 

Dhampur,  United  Provs.  29  n.  79E. 
Captured  by  Dunde  Khan,  c.  1750 ;  by 
Amir  Khan,  1805. 

Dhar,  Central  India.  23N.  75E.  Destroyed 
by  Jaya  Sinha,  1020;  yielded  to  Aurungzebe, 
1658.  Bp.  of  Baji  Rao  II.,  and  contains 
mausoleum  of  Abdullah  Shah  Changal, 
Mohammedan  saint. 

Dharapuram,  Madras,  iin.  78E.  Taken 
by  Colonel  Wood,  1768 ;  by  Hyder  Ali, 
1768  ;   by  General  Medows,  1790. 

Dharwar,  Bombay.  15N.  75E.  Fort  said 
to  have  been  f.  by  Dhar  Rao,  1403 ;  cap- 
tured by  Ali  Adil  Shah,  1573  ;  by  Aurung- 
zebe, 1685;  by  Hyder  Ah,  1778;  British 
possession,  1818. 

Dholka,  Bombay.  23N.  72E.  Captured 
by  Mahrattas,  1736;  ceded  to  British,  1804. 

Dholpur  (*  the  town  of  Dholan '),  Rajpu- 
tana.  27N.  78E.  Alleged  to  have  been  f. 
by  Dholan  Deo.  Taken  by  Sikander  Lodi, 
1501 ;   by  Babar,  1526. 

Dhulia,  Bombay.  2 in.  75E.  Devas- 
tated by  Holkar,  1803  ;  British  possession, 
1818. 

Diarbekr,  Asiatic  Turkey.  38N.  40E. 
F.  on  the  site  of  ancient  city  of  Amida. 
Fortified  by  Constantius,  340;  captured 
by  Persians,  502 ;  by  Arabs,  640 ;  by 
Sultan  Sehm  I.,  15 15. 

Dig,  Rajputana.  27N.  77E,  Fell  to  Najaf 
Khan,  1776;  General  Frazer  conquered 
Holkar  in  the  vicinity,  1804. 

Dindigull,  Madras,  ion.  78E.  Overcome 
by  Rajah  of  Mysore,  1755;  taken  by 
British  from  Tippoo  Sahib,  17S3,  but  given 
back,  1784;    ceded  to  British,  1792. 

Dipalpur,  Punjab.  31N.  74E.  Conquered 
by  Tamerlane,  1398 ;  besieged  by  Babar, 
1524 ;   by  Mahrattas,  1758. 

Diu,  Bombay.  21N.  71E.  Occupied  by 
Portuguese,  15 15;  fortified,  1535;  plundered 
by  Arabs,  1670. 

Dolon-nor,  Mongolia.  42N.  ii6e.  Con- 
tains many  Buddhist  temples,  and  the  ruins 
of  Changtou  described  by  Marco  Polo  are 
near  this  city. 

Dondra  Head  ('  island's  end '),  Ceylon. 
6n.  80E.  Most  southemly  point  of  island, 
considered  sacred  by  the  Hindus.  Ibn 
Batouka,  the  Arabian  geographer,  visited 
this  place,  1344.  Destroyed  by  Portuguese, 
1587. 


.56 


Gazetteer 


Dumdum,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Scene  of 
Sepoy  rising  in  Mutiny,  1857. 

Dwarka,  Bombay.  22N.  69E.  Taken 
by  British,  1816.  Associated  with  Krishna, 
and  sometimes  said  to  be  his  birthplace. 

Ecbatana  ('an  assembly'),  Persia.  35N. 
48E,  Ancient  capital  of  Media,  supposed 
to  have  been  f.  by  Deioces,  c.  705  b.c.  ; 
now  known  as  Hamadan.  Conquered  and 
plundered  by  Seleucus,  313  ;  by  Alexander, 
331  B.C.  Contains  tombs  alleged  to  be 
those  of  Mordecai  and  Esther,  also  mosque 
of  Avicenna. 

Efsene,  Turkestan.  40N.  65E.  Bp.  of 
Avicenna,  Persian  philosopher  and  physician. 

Ekron,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Ancient 
city  of  Philistia,  frequently  mentioned  in 
the  Bible.  Taken  by  Thothmes  III., 
c.  1500  B.C. ;    by  Sennacherib,  701  b.c. 

Elburz,  Persia.  37N.  50E.  Mountains, 
on  one  of  which  Saura  exposed  his  son 
Zalzer.     (See  Firdausi's  *  Sha  Name.') 

El  Elah,  Arabia.  26N.  39E.  Visited  by 
C.  M.  Doughty,  and  described  in  *  Travels 
in  Arabia  Deserta.' 

Elephanta,  Bombay.  19N.  73E.  Sacred 
island  in  Hindu  mythology,  containing 
many  temples. 

E!lichpur,  Berar.  2  in.  77E.  F.  by 
Rajah  Ellon.  Besieged  by  Mahrattas,  1772; 
taken  by  Ala-Eddin,  1794. 

Ellora,  Haidarabad.  20N.  75E.  Contains 
wonderful  temples  to  Buddha  hewn  out  of 
rock.  The  Kailasa  temple  possesses  sculp- 
tures of  scenes  from  the  *  Ramayana '  and 
the  *  Mahabharata.' 

Endor,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Place  where 
witch  summoned  before  Saul  the  spirit  of 
Samuel,  who  foretold  his  defeat  and  death. 

Engedi  ('  goat's  spring '),  Palestine.  3 in. 
35E.  Frequently  mentioned  in  the  Bible, 
especially  as  the  wilderness  to  which  David 
fled  from  Saul.     Plinj^  refers  to  it  as  a  ruin. 

Enoshima,  Japan.  35N.  140E.  An  island 
near  Yokohama  containing  celebrated  shrine. 
(See  Lafcadio  Hearn's  '  Glimpses  of  Un- 
familiar Japan.') 

Ephesus,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  27E.  Said 
to  have  been  f .  by  Amazons,  or  by  Androcles, 
son  of  Codrus.  Taken  by  the  Arabs  from 
the  Persians,  1283.  Famous  as  a  sacred 
city  of  Artemis.  The  first  Christian  church 
established  here,  of  which  Timothy  was 
bishop.  John  the  Baptist  and  the  Virgin 
Mary  are  said  to  have  died  in  this  city. 
Bp.  of  Heraclitus,  Hermodorus,  Hipponax, 
and  Parrhasius.  (See  Mark  Twain's  '  New 
Pilgrim's  Progress.') 


Erbil,  Asiatic  Turkey.  36N.  44E.  Darius 
finally  defeated  Alexander,  331  b.c. 

Erivan,  Transcaucasia.  40N.  45E.  Taken 
by  the  Turks  1582  ;  by  Shah  Abbas,  1604; 
stormed  by  Turks,  1615 ;  unsuccessfully 
attacked  by  Heraclius,  1780;  by  Russians, 
1804 »  taken  by  Paskevich,  1827 ;  ceded 
to  Russia,  1828.  Partially  destroyed  by 
earthquake,  1679.  (See  Bodenstedt's 
*  Tausend  und  ein  Tage  im  Orient '  for  Tatar 
poem  in  celebration  of  Russian  victory. 

Erode,  Madras,  iin.  78E.  Captured  by 
British,  1768;  by  Hyder  Ali,  1768;  by 
General  Medows,  1790. 

Erzerum,  Turkish  Armenia.  40N,  41E. 
Taken  by  Seljuks,  1201 ;  by  Mogols,  1242  ; 
by  Turks,  1517;  by  Russians,  1828,  1878; 
but  restored  to  Turks,  1878.  Experienced 
severe  earthquake,  1859. 

Erzingan,  Asiatic  Turkey.  40N.  40E, 
Home  of  St.  Gregory.  Greatly  suffered 
from  earthquake,  1774. 

Esdraelon  ('God  has  sown'),  Palestine. 
33N.  35E.  Plain  frequently  occurring  in 
biblical  history,  notably  at  the  time  of 
Barak's  defeat  of  Sisera,  Gideon's  victory 
over  Midianites,  and  Philistines  over  Saul, 
also  in  the  time  of  Ahab. 

Eskishehr,  Asiatic  Turkey'.  40N.  30E. 
Contains  several  tombs  of  Mohammedan 
saints.  Near  the  city  Godfrey  of  Bouillon 
defeated  Soliman. 

Etchmiadsin,  Transcaucasia.  40N.  44E. 
Ecclesiastical  capital  of  Armenia,  with 
famous  monastery.  Taken  by  Russians 
during  Ruisso-Persian  war,  1827 ;  ceded  to 
Russians,  1828. 

Euphrates,  Asiatic  Turkey.  30N.  48E. 
Most  important  river  of  the  world.  One  of 
the  four  rivers  of  Eden;  on  its  banks 
Nimrod  f.  the  Babylonian  empire,  and  the 
Old  Testament  patriarchs  dwelt. 

Eurymedon,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  31E. 
River  at  whose  mouth  Persians  were  de- 
feated by  Cimon,  466  B.C. 

Everest,  Mount,  Nepal.  28N.  87E.  High- 
est known  peak  in  the  world,  the  altitude 
of  which  was  discovered  by  Sir  George 
Everest,  1841;  named  in  his  honour  by 
Sir  Andrew  Waugh,  1856. 

Falta,  Bengal.  22N.  88e.  Scene  of 
British  retreat  after  capture  of  Calcutta, 
1756. 

Famagousta,  Cyprus.  35 n.  34E.  F.  by 
Ptolemy  Philadelphus.  Taken  by  Richard 
Coeur  de  Lion,  1191;  Guy  de  Lusignan 
crowned  here.  Captured  by  Genoese,  1376 ; 
yielded  to  Turks,  1571. 

\ 


Gazetteer 


^57 


Fatehgarh,  United  Provs,  27N.  8oe.  F. 
by  Nawab  Mohammed  Khan,  c.  1714 ; 
stormed  by  Mahrattas,  175 1;  Lord  Lake 
defeated  Holkar,  1804. 

Ferozeshah,  Punjab.  3 in.  75E.  Sir  Hugh 
Gough  and  Sir  Henry  Hardinge  defeated 
Sikhs,  1845.  (See  Malleson's  *  Decisive 
Battles  of  India.') 

Firospur  (*  city  of  Finiz  *),  Punjab.  28N. 
77E.  Battle  fought  between  Sikhs  and 
British,  which  gave  Punjab  to  Britain,  1845. 

Formosa  ('  beautiful '),  China.  24N.  12 ie. 
Portuguese  landed,  1590.  Dutch  f.  Fort 
Zelandia,  1624  >  witlidrew,  1662.  Attached 
to  China,  1683  ;  opened  to  foreigners,  1858  ; 
Anping  and  Zelandia  occupied  by  British, 
1868,  but  restored  to  China;  island  in- 
vaded by  Japanese,  1874 »  captured  by 
French,  1884 ;  ceded  by  China  to  Japan, 
1895.  (See  Diosy's  '  New  Far  East,' 
Little's  *  Far  East.') 

Fort  St.  David,  Madras.  I2n.  8oe.  F. 
by  Hindu,  Chinnia  Chetti ;  purchased  by 
British,  1690;  Clive  became  its  governor, 
1756;  captured  by  French  under  Lally, 
1758 ;  given  up,  1760 ;  recaptured,  1782  ; 
restored  to  British,  1785. 

Fu-chau  ('happy  region'),  China.  26N. 
119E.  The  walled  capital  of  Fu-kien.  Open 
to  foreign  trade,  1842  ;  contains  an  arsenal 
constructed  by  two  Frenchmen,  1867 ; 
bombarded  by  French,  1884. 

Fuji  Yama,  Japan.  35N.  139E.  Supposed 
to  have  sprung  up  in  a  single  night,  285  b.c. 
Highest  mountain  in  Japan,  held  in  religious 
veneration,  famous  in  legend,  poetry,  and 
art.  It  is  volcanic,  the  last  outbreak 
taking  place  in  1707.  (See  Lafcadio 
Heam's  *  Glimpses  of  Unfamiliar  Japan.') 

Fulia,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Bp.  of  Krittibas, 
translator  into  Bengali  of  *  Ramayana.' 

Furruckabad  ('  happy  abode '),  Bengal. 
25 N.  88e.  Lord  Lake  defeated  Mahratta 
Holkar,  1805. 

Futtehghur,  Rajputana.  26N.  75E. 
Nearly  entire  European  inhabitants 
massacred,  1857. 

Futtipur-Sikri  ('  city  of  victory'),  United 
Provs.  27N.  78E.  F.  by  Akbar,  1570.  Res. 
and  burial-place  of  Saint  Salim  Chishti. 
(See  Mrs.  F.  A.  Steel's  *  Prince  of  Dreamers.') 

Fyzabad,  Afghanistan.  37N.  70E.  De- 
stroyed by  Murad  Beg,  1829 ;  rebuilt  by 
Faiz  Muhammed  Khan,  1865. 

Galle,  Ceylon.  6n.  8oe.  F.  by  Portu- 
guese, 1 5 18;  taken  by  Dutch,  1642;  by 
British,  1796. 

Galna,  Bombay.     2 in.  75E.     Pillaged  by 


Sivaji,  1679 »  captured  by  Auningzebe, 
1705  ;   by  Colonel  Wallace,  1804. 

Gamala,  Palestine.  33N.  36E.  Unsuc- 
cessfully besieged  by  Agrippa ;  captured 
by  Vespasian  in  Jewish  war,  66-70. 

Gaur,  Bengal.  25N.  88e.  Ancient  capital 
of  Bengal.  Seized  by  Mohammedans,  1204  ; 
embellished  by  Akbar,  1575.     (See  Burton's 

*  Vikram  and  the  Vampire,*  7th  story.) 

Gaya,  Bengal.  25N.  85E.  Sacred  city 
of  the  Buddhists,  being  the  bp.  of  Buddha. 

Gaza,  Palestine.  32 n.  34E.  City  from 
which  Samson  is  said  to  have  taken  the 
gates.  Burnt  by  Syrian  king,  Alexander 
Jannaeus,  96  b.c.  ;  captured  by  Omar,  634  ; 
occupied  by  Templars,  11 52;  taken  by 
Saladin,  1187.  (See  Kinglake's  *  Eothen,' 
Thomson's  '  Land  and  the  Book,*  Volney's 

*  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en  Egypte.') 

Gerasa,  Palestine.  32N.  36E.  Taken  by 
Alexander  Jannseus,  83  e.g.  ;  rebuilt  by 
Romans,  65  b.c. 

Gethsemane,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Scene 
of  Christ's  vigil  on  the  eve  of  his  crucifixion. 
(See  Lamartine's  *  Voyage  en  Orient,') 

Ghaziabad,  United  Provs.  29N.  77E.  F. 
by  Ghazi-ud-din,  1740.  Suraj  Mai  killed 
by  Rohillas,  1763. 

Ghazipur,  United  Provs.  26N.  84E.  Capital 
of  district  of  Ghazipur;  contains  many 
magnificent  ruins.  Lord  Comwallis  died 
here,  1805.  (See  Kipling's  '  In  an  Opium 
Factory.') 

Ghazni,  Afghanistan.  34N.  68e.  Seized 
by  Nadir  Shah,  1738 ;  by  Lord  Keane, 
1839 ;  by  General  Nutt,  1842.  Contains 
tomb  of  Mahmud  of  Ghazni,  1030. 

Gheriah,  Bombay.  17N.  73E.  Bom- 
barded by  British  fleet  under  Admiral 
Watson,  and  captured  by  Clive,  1756; 
British  possession,  181 8. 

Ghodbandar,  Bombay.  19N.  73E.  Mah- 
rattas unsuccessfully  stormed  town,  1672 ; 
captured  from  Portuguese,  1737. 

Ghoraghat,  Bengal.  25N.  89E.  Men- 
tioned in  the  *  Mahabharata  *  as  place  of 
refuge  of  Virat  Rajah. 

Gibeah,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Res.  of 
King  Saul,  and  alleged  to  be  his  birthplace. 

Gibeon,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Famous 
in  Old  Testament  history,  especially  for 
Joshua's  defence  of  the  city  against  the 
Amorites. 

Gjlboa,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Range  of 
hills,  on  one  of  which  King  Saul  and  his 
three  sons  were  killed  in  battle. 

Gingi,  Madras.  12N.  79E.  Captured  by 
Bandaullah  Khan,  1638;  by  Sivaji,  1677; 
besieged  for  eight  years  by  Zulfikar  Khan, 


158 


Gazetteer 


1690;  taken  by  French,  1750;  by  British, 
1761 ;   abandoned  to  Hyder  Ali,  1780. 

Giria,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Celebrated  for 
defeat  of  Sarfaraz  Khan,  1740;  and  Mir 
Kasim,  1763. 

Giridhi,  Bengal.  24N.  86e.  Centre  of 
Karharbari  coal-fields,  and  described  in 
Kipling's  '  Giridih  Coal-Fields.' 

Goa,  Bombay.  15N.  74E.  Taken  by 
Mohammedans,  1469;  by  Albuquerque, 
15 10;  by  British,  1807;  recaptured  by 
Portuguese,  1815.  Contains  tomb  of  St. 
Francis  Xavier.  (See  Marryat's  '  Phantom 
Ship,*  Burton's  *  Goa  and  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains,* *  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes,*  Halduyt*s 

*  Voyages.') 

Gobardanga,  Bengal.  23N.  89E.  Alleged 
place  where  Krishna  guarded  his  flocks. 

Gobardhan,  Rajputana.  27N.  77E.  Said 
to  have  been  a  favourite  res.  of  Krishna. 

Gokana,  Punjab.  29N.  77E.  Contains 
tomb  of  Saint  Shah  Zia-ud-din  Mohammed. 

Gokam,  Bombay.  15N.  74E.  Place  of 
pilgrimage     for     Hindus;      mentioned     in 

*  Mahabharata  *  and  *  Ramayana.* 

Golconda,  Haidarabad.  i8n.  78E.  A 
ruined  city,  f.  by  Rajah  of  Warangal; 
destroyed  by  Aurungzebe,  1687. 

Gooruncondah  ('horse-hill'), Madras.  14N. 
79E.  Taken  by  Hyder  Ali,  176S  ;  yielded 
to  Trimbak  Rao,  i77i  ,*  captured  by 
Tippoo  Sahib,  1773 ;  British  possession, 
1800. 

Granicus,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  27E.  River 
on  the  banks  of  which  Alexander  the  Great 
first  defeated  the  Persians,  334  B.C. ; 
LucuUus  defeated  Mithridates,  74  b.c. 

Gujranwala,  Punjab.  32N.  74E.  Bp.  of 
Ranjit  Singh,  and  burial-place  of  his  father 
and  of  himself. 

Gujrat,  Punjab.  33N.  74E.  Sikhs  con- 
quered by  Sir  Hugh  Gough,  1849.  (See 
Malleson's  '  Decisive  Battles  of  India.') 

Gulbarga,  Haidarabad.  17N.  77E.  Taken 
by  Zafar  Khan,  1347  ;  by  Mir  Jumla,  1657. 
Contains  tomb  of  Khwaja  Band  Nawaz, 
Mussulman  saint. 

Gumush-Khaneh  ('place  of  silver*), 
Asiatic  Turkey.  41  n.  38E.  Pasha  of 
Trebizond  defeated  by  Russians,  1829. 

Gutti,  Madras.  15N.  78E.  Res.  of 
Morari  Rao.  Fell  to  Hyder  Ali,  1775; 
British  possession,  1800. 

Gwalior,  Central  India.  26N.78E.  Contains 
palace  of  Man  Singh,  f.  14S6,  and  Victoria 
College;  also  tombs  of  Shdk  Mohammed 
Ghaus  and  of  Tan  Sen.  Maharajah  faithful 
to  England,  though  his  army  rebelled  during 
Mutiny,  1857, 


Haidarabad,     Haidarabad,       17N.     79E 
Capital  of  the  Nizam's  dominions;    f.  by 
Cuttub-Shah,  1585.     Taken  and  plundered 
by  Aurungzebe,  1687. 

Hakata,  Japan.  34N.  130E.  Formerly 
an  independent  town ;  now  forming  part 
of  Tukuoka,  (See  Lafcadio  Heam's  *  Out 
of  the  East.') 

Halicarnassus,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  27E. 
Mausoleum  erected  here  by  Artemisia  in 
honour  of  her  husband,  Mausolus.  Bp.  of 
Herodotus  and  Dionysius. 

Hamadan,  Persia.  35N.  48E.  F.  on  the 
site  of  ancient  Ecbatana,  containing  tombs 
alleged  to  be  of  Mordecai  and  Esther,  also 
those  of  Avicenna,  Attar,  and  Abul-Hasi. 

Hamah,  Syria.  35 n.  37E.  Often  men- 
tioned in  the  Old  Testament.  Fell  into  the 
hands  of  Tancred,  1108 ;  of  Togtekin,  1115  ; 
of  Saladin,  11 78.  Abulfeda,  the  Arabian 
geographer,  was  emir,  1342-54. 

Hami,  China.  43N.  94E.  Described  in 
the  *  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.* 

Hang-Chau,  China.  30N.  120E,  Capita 
of  Che-kiang.  Visited  by  Marco  Polo  and 
Barrow.  Successfully  stormed  by  Taiping 
rebels,  1861 ;  open  to  foreign  trade  and 
res.,  1896.  (See  *  Travels  of  Marco  Polo,* 
Little's  *  Far  East.') 

Han-kau  (*  Han-mouth  *),  China.  3 in. 
114E.  Greatest  commercial  city  of  empire; 
mentioned  by  F.  J.  Little  in  *  The  Far  East.* 

Hanoi  ('within  the  river'),  Indo-China. 
2 IN.  io6e.  F.  by  a  Chinese  governor,  c.  767, 
became  capital  of  Annara.  Citadel  built  in 
808.  Contains  a  colossal  Buddha,  also 
statue  to  Paul  Bert.  French  possession 
since  1882.     (See  Little's  '  Far  East.') 

Hansi,  Punjab.  29N,  76E.  Alleged  to 
have  been  f.  by  Anang  Pal.  Seized  by 
Masud,  1036 ;  by  Mohammed  of  Ghor,  1192. 
Contains  tomb  of  Kulb  Jamal-ud-din. 

Hanumangarh,  Rajputana.  30N.  74E. 
Tamerlane  defeated  by  Dul  Chand,  1398 ; 
taken  by  Kamran,  1549. 

Harbin,  Manchuria.  46N.  127E.  Military 
base  of  Russians  during  Russo-Japanese 
War,  (See  Eraser's  *  Real  Siberia,'  Little's 
'  Far  East.') 

Hardwar  ('gate  of  Vishnu'),  United  Provs. 
30N.  78E.  Famous  resort  of  pilgrims; 
battle  between  two  rival  sects,  1760; 
terrible  epidemic  of  cholera,  1847. 

Hamai,  Bombay.  i8n.  73E.  Attacked 
by  Commodore  James,  1755  ;  captured 
by  Colonel  Kennedy,  1818. 

Hattia,  Bengal.  23N.  91E.  Captured  by 
Portuguese  pirates,  1607.  Destroyed  by 
cyclone,  1876. 


Gazetteer 


159 


Hayil,  Arabia.  28N.  42E.  Visited  by 
C.  M.  Doughty,  and  described  in  *  Travels 
in  Arabia  Deserta.' 

Hebron,    Palestine,     32N.    35E.  Fre- 

quently mentioned  in  the  Bible,  especially 
in  connection  with  David,  Traditionally 
supposed  to  have  been  f,  by  Adam,  The 
cave  of  Macpelah  reputed  to  be  here,  con- 
taining Abraham,  Isaac,  Jacob,  Sarah, 
Rebecca,  and  Leah.  The  tombs  are  shown 
of  Ruth,  Jesse,  and  Abner.  Conquered  by 
Saladin,  1187;  destroyed  by  Ibrahim 
Pasha,  1834  and  1837.  (See  Thomson's 
*  Land  and  the  Book.*) 

Hei-ku-tai,     Manchuria.  42N.     123E. 

Seized  by  the  Russians,  1904. 

Herat,  Afghanistan.  34N.  62E.  Founda- 
tion attributed  to  Alexander  the  Great. 
Taken  by  Arabs,  661 ;  by  Nadir  Shah,  1730; 
Persians  defeated  by  British,  1837;  fell  to 
Yar  Mohammed  Khan,  1842;  to  Dost 
Mohammed,  1862,  (See  Rawlinson's  *  Eng- 
land and  Russia  in  the  East.') 

Heshbon,  Palestine.  32N.  36E.  Men- 
tioned in  the  Bible,  and  described  by 
C.  M.  Doughty  in  '  Travels  in  Arabia 
Deserta,' 

Hikone,  Japan.  35N.  137E,  Contains 
remains  of  ancient  Daimio  castle.  Battle 
of  Sekigahare  fought  near  here,  1600. 

Hinomizaki,  Japan,  35N.  132E.  De- 
scribed by  Lafcadio  Heam  in  *  Glimpses  of 
Unfamiliar  Japan.') 

Hissar,  Punjab.  29N.  76E.  F.  by  Firoz 
Shah  Tughlak,  1356;  captured  by  the 
adventurer,  George  Thomas,  1783;  mutinied 

1857. 

Horns,  Syria,  35 n,  37E.  Aurelian  con- 
quered Zenobia,  272;  city  captured  by 
Saracens,  636;  by  Crusaders,  1099;  Turks 
defeated  by  Ibrahim  Pasha  in  command  of 
Egyptian  forces,  1832.  Bp.  of  Heliogabalus. 
(See  Volney's  *  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en 
Egypte.') 

Honawar,  Bombay.  14N,  74E,  Visited 
by  Ibn  Batatu,  1342,  Occupied  by  Portu- 
guese,   1505;     captured  by   British,    1783, 

1799. 

Hong-Kong  (*  fragrant  streams '),  China. 
i2N,  114E.  Occupied  by  British  troops, 
1841;  ceded  to  Britain,  1842.  (See  Kip- 
ling's *  From  Sea  to  Sea,'  Little's  *  Far 
East.') 

Hor  (*  mountain '),  Arabia  Petraea.  30N, 
36E.  Mountain  on  which  tradition  relates 
the  death  of  Aaron  took  place. 

Horeb,  Arabia  Petraea.  29N.  34E.  Moun- 
tain on  which  Moses  is  said  to  have  seen 
the  burning  bush,  and  to  which  Elijah  fled 


from  Jezebel.  (See  *  Purchas  His  Pil- 
grimes.') 

Hsi-ngan  (*  west  tranquil  city  *),  China. 
34N.  109E.  Visited  by  Marco  Polo;  con- 
tains oldest  mosque  in  China  and  tablet  with 
Chinese  and  Syriac  inscription  dating  from 
781.  Emperor  and  dowager  empress  sought 
refuge  here,  1900. 

Hubli  ('old  village'),  Bombay.  15N. 
75E.  Captured  by  Muazzam,  1685;  by 
General  Munro,  1818, 

Hue,  Indo-China,  i6n.  io8e.  Capital  of 
Annam;  forts  taken  by  French,  1883. 
(See  Little's  '  Far  East.') 

Hugli,  Bengal.  22N.  88e.  F.  by  Portu- 
guese, 1537;  besieged  by  Shah  Jahan, 
1629;  Mohammedans  made  it  royal  port, 
1632;  East  India  Company  established 
factory,  1640;   destroyed  by  fire,  1685. 

Ida,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  27E.  Range  of 
mountains  celebrated  by  Homer.  In  them 
the  Simois,  Granicus  and  Scamander  had 
their  origin,  and  Troy  lay  in  the  valley. 
Supposed  scene  of  rape  of  Ganymede  and 
judgment  of  Paris. 

Ipsus,  Asia  Minor,  39N,  31E.  Seleucus 
and  Lysimachus  conquered  Antigonus  and 
Demetrius  Poliorcetes,  301  e.g.  or  300  e.g. 

Irkutsk,  Siberia.  52N.  104E.  F.  by 
Cossacks,  1653;  proclaimed  town,  and  first 
church  built,  1686;  government  head- 
quarters, 1736;  devastated  by  fire,  1879. 
(See  Eraser's  '  Real  Siberia.') 

Isker,  Siberia.  58N.  67E,  Captured  by 
Russians  under  Yermak,  1579. 

Ismid,  Asia  Minor.  4 in,  30E.  Formerly 
capital  of  Bithynia  under  name  of 
Nicomedia;  given  to  the  Romans  by 
Nicomede  III.  Destroyed  by  Goths,  and 
by  earthquake,  358.     Taken  by  Turks,  1326. 

Isnik,  Asia  Minor.  4 on.  30E.  F.  by 
Antigone.  Nicene  creed  formed  here  by  a 
council  held  against  Arius,  325. 

Ispahan,  Persia.  33N.  52E.  Said  to 
have  been  f.  by  Jews  who  were  taken 
captive  by  Nebuchadnezzar;  former  capital 
of  Persia.  Tamerlane  massacred  the  in- 
habitants, 1392;  besieged  and  plundered 
by  Afghans,  1722;  re- taken  by  Nadir 
Shah,  1729.  (See  Montesquieu's  '  Lettres 
Persanes,*  '  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes.') 

Issus,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  36E.  Alexander 
the  Great  conquered  Darius  in  a  decisive 
battle,  333  E.G. ;  Septimus  Severus  defeated 
Niger,  194;  Heraclius  overthrew  Persians, 
622. 

Istalif,  Afghanistan,  35N.  69E.  De- 
stroyed by  British,  1842. 


i6o 


Gazetteer 


Jabbok  (*  copious  river  *),  Palestine,  32N. 
36E.  River  on  the  banks  of  which  Jacob 
is  supposed  to  have  wrestled  with  an  angel. 
(See  Dough ty's  *  Travels  in  Arabia  Deserta.') 

Jaffa,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Celebrated 
in  heathen  mythology  as  the  scene  of  the 
adventure  of  Perseus  and  Andromeda,  in 
Scripture  history  as  the  port  from  which 
Jonas  embarked  and  city  in  which  Peter 
raised  Tabitha.  Caesar  yielded  town  to  the 
Jews,  but  it  returned  to  Rome,  6 ;  taken 
by  El-Malik  el-Adil,  Saladin's  brother,  1188  ; 
ceded  to  Christians,  1204  J  restored  by 
Frederick  II.,  1228  fortified  by  St.  Louis, 
1252;  dismantled  by  Beybars,  1267;  taken 
by  Napoleon,  1799  ^Y  Mehemet  Ali,  1832  ; 
by  Turks,  1840.  Partially  destroyed  by 
earthquake,        1838.      (See       Lamartine's 

*  Voyage  en  Orient,'  Thomson's  *  Land  and 
the  Book,'  Hakluyt's  *  Voyages  .') 

Jalalabad,  Afghanistan.  34N.  70E.  F. 
by  Akbar,  1570.  Sir  Robert  Sale  made  a 
successful  resistance  against  Afghans,  1842. 

Jalandhar,  Punjab.  3 in.  76E.  Visited 
by  Hiuen  Tsiang.  Destroyed  by  Sikhs, 
1757;   taken  by  Ranjit  Singh,  181 1. 

Jamalpur,  Bengal.  25N.  86e.  Chief  loco- 
motive centre  of  East  Indian  Railway, 
described  by  Kipling  in  *  Among  the  Rail- 
way Folk.* 

Jaypur,  Rajputana.  27N.  76E.  F.  by 
Sawai  Jai  Singh,  1728;  greatest  city  of 
Rajputana.  (See  Kiphng's  '  Letters  of 
Marque.') 

Jericho,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Ancient 
city  frequently  mentioned  in  biblical  history, 
and  also  by  Josephus  and  Strabo.  It  was 
destroyed  by  Joshua,  but  rebuilt  in  Ahab's 
reign.  Here  Christ  healed  blind  Bartimaeus. 
(See  Twain's  *  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,' 
Lamartine's  '  Voyage  en  Orient,'  Thomson's 

*  Land  and  the  Book.') 

Jerusalem,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Ancient 
capital  of  Palestine,  mentioned  in  Egyptian 
record  c.  1400  b.c.  Destroyed  by  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, 586  B.C. ;  Jews  permitted  to 
return  by  Cyrus,  536  b.c.  ;  Jews  massacred 
by  Antiochus  IV.,  168  b.c.  ;  fortified  by 
Judas  Maccabaeus,  165  b.c.  ;  captured  by 
Pompey,  63  b.c.  ;  taken  and  destroyed  by 
Titus,  70 ;  new  city  f.  by  Hadrian,  71  ; 
Godfrey  de  Bouillon  reigned,  1099 ;  passed 
into  hands  of  Ottoman  Turks,  1516.  (See 
Kinglake's  *  Eothen,'  Firdausi's  *  Sha  Name,' 
Twain's  *  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  Lamar- 
tine's *  Voyage  en  Orient,'  *  Purchas  His 
Pilgrimes/  Thomson's  '  Land  and  the 
Book,'  Hakluyt's  '  Voyages.* 

Jezreel    ('  God   sows  *),    Palestine.    33N. 


35E.  A  town  near  which  Saul  fell  in  battle, 
containing  the  res.  of  Jezebel  and  Ahab. 

Jhansi,  Central  India.  26N.  79E.  F.  by 
Bir  Singh  Deo.  Massacre  of  Europeans  in 
the  Mutiny,  1857. 

Jhelum,  Punjab.  31N.  72E.  The  Hy- 
daspes  of  classical  literature,  on  the  banks 
of  which  Alexander  the  Great  defeated  the 
Indian  chief  Porus. 

Jidda,  Arabia.  22N.  39E.  Taken  by 
Turks,  1840 ;  massacre  of  Christian  mission- 
aries, 1858.  Contains  supposed  tomb  of 
Eve.  (See  Doughty's  *  Travels  in  Arabia 
Deserta,'  Burckhardt's  *  Travels  in  Arabia.') 

Jind,  Punjab.  29N.  76E.  Attacked  by 
Gajpat  Singh,  1755  ;  Rahim  Dad  Khan  here 
met  his  death,  1775. 

Joonir,  Bombay.  19N.  74E.  F.  by 
Malik-ut-Tujar,  1436;  pillaged  by  Sivaji, 
1657. 

Jordan,  Palestine.  32N.  36E.  Chief  river 
of  Palestine,  of  which  mention  occurs  fre- 
quently in  biblical  history.  (See  Kinglake's 
'  Eothen,'  Lamartine's  *  Voyage  en  Orient.') 

Jugduluk,  Afghanistan.  35 n.  70E.  British 
troops  massacred,  1842. 

Kabbaldurga,  Madras.  i2n.  77E.  Chama 
Rajah  imprisoned  here  in  1734,  and  Morari 
Rao  by  Hyder  Ali. 

Kabul,  Afghanistan.  35N.  69E.  Con- 
quered by  Nadir  Shah,  1739 ',  by  British, 
1839 ;  massacre  of  British  soldiers,  1842 ; 
retaken  by  British,  1842 ;  by  Shere  Ali, 
1868  ;  massacre  of  Major  Cavagnari,  1879  ; 
Lord  Roberts  subdued  city  in  his  cam 
paign,  1878-80.  (See  Firdausi's  '  Sha 
Name.*) 

Kagoshima,  Japan.  35N.  140E.  Destroyed 
by  British  lieet,  1863 ;  Satsuma  Rebellion 
had  its  origin  here,  but  was  crushed,  1877. 

Kaithal,  Punjab.  30N.  76E.  Contains 
tomb  of  Mohammedan  saint  Salah-ud-din 
of  Balkh.  Captured  by  Bhai  Desu  Singh, 
1767. 

Kalat,  Baluchistan.  29N.  67E.  Unsuc- 
cessfully attacked  by  Ahmad  Shah  Durrani, 
1758  ;   captured  by  British,  1839. 

Kalgan,  China.  4 in.  115E.  Walled  city 
mentioned  by  A.  J.  Little  in  *  The  Far  East.' 

Kallinjar,  Bengal.  25N.  80E.  Connected 
with  worship  of  Siva.  Attacked  by  Mah- 
moud  of  Ghazni,  1023  ;  captured  by  Kutb- 
ud-din,  1203  ;  besieged  by  Humayun,  1530; 
taken  by  Akbar,  1569 ;   by  British,  1812. 

Kalpi,  United  Provs.  26N.  8oe.  Said  to 
have  been  f.  by  Basdeo.  Captured  by 
Kutb-ud-din,  1196;  by  Humayun,  1527; 
by  British,  1798. 


Gazetteer 


i6i 


Kalyan,  Bombay,  iqn.  73E.  Captured 
by  Portuguese,  1536;  by  Mohammedans, 
1660;   by  British,  1780. 

Kamagawa,  Japan.  35 n.  140E.  Town 
at  which  treaty  was  signed  opening  Japan 
to  Europeans,  1854. 

Kamakura,  Japan.  35  n.  140E.  Former 
capital  of  Shogunate,  and  contains  colossal 
statue  of  Buddha.     (See  Lafcadio  Hearn's 

*  Glimpses  of  Unfamiliar  Japan.') 

Kampil,  Bengal.  28N.  79E.  Mentioned 
m  *  Mahabharata '  as  scene  of  wedding  of 
Draupadi. 

Kan-chow,  China.  39N.  ioie.  Described 
m  *  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.' 

Kanchrapara,  Bengal.  22N.  88e.  Bp.  of 
Iswar  Chandra  Gupta. 

Kandahar,  Afghanistan.  32 n.  66e.  F. 
by  Ahmed  Shah,  1747,  near  site  of  city  f. 
by  Alexander  the*  Great,  330  b.c.  Taken 
by  British,  1839,  1879.  Stormed  by  Ayub 
Khan,  but  reheved  by  Lord  Roberts,  1880. 

Kandy,  Ceylon.  7n.  8ie.  Contained 
temple  in  which  was  supposed  to  be  a  tooth 
of  Buddha;  destroyed  by  Portuguese. 
Capital  of  Ceylon,  1592 ;  taken  by  Portu- 
guese, 1796;  entered  by  British,  1803; 
became  British  possession,  1815. 

Kang-hwa  {'river-flower'),  Korea.  38N. 
127E.  Plundered  by  French  under  Admiral 
Roze,  1866 ;  attacked  by  Americans,  1871 ; 
peace  established  by  treaty,  1875. 

Kangra,  Punjab.  32 n.  76e.  Pillaged  by 
Firoz  Shah,  1360 ;    taken  by  Sansar  Chand, 

1785. 

Kapilavastu,  Nepal.  28N.  83E.  Site  of 
city  not  definitely  known,  but  was  ancient 
capital  of  Sakyas,  and  bp.  of  Buddha.  (See 
Sir  Edwin  Arnold's  '  Light  of  Asia.') 

Karachi,  Sind.  25N.  67E.  F.  in  1725; 
ceded  by  Talpur  Amirs  to  British,  1842. 

Karakoram,  China.  46N.  102E.  Said  to 
be  ancient  capital  of  Genghis  Khan.     (See 

*  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.') 

Karazan,  China.  25N.  103E.  Capital  of 
province  of  Yun-Nan.  (See  *  Travels  of 
Marco  Polo.') 

Karikal,  Madras,  itn.  8oe.  Ceded  tq 
French  by  Rajah  of  Tanjaur,  1739 »  seized 
by  British,  1803  ;  restored  to  French,  1814. 

Kamal,  Punjab.  30N.  77E.  Contains 
tomb  of  Bu-Ali  Kalandar.  Pillaged  by 
Ibrahim  Husain  Mirza,  1573  ;  captured  by 
Mahrattas,  1787 ;    by  British,  1805. 

Kars,  Armenia.  4 in.  43E.  Taken  by 
Turks,  1546 ;  fortified,  1579 ;  conquered 
by  Persians,  1744 ;  by  Russians,  under 
Paskevitch,  1828;  Ismael  Pasha  and 
General    Williams    held    it    unsuccessfully 


against  Russians,  1855 ;  stormed  by 
Russians,  1877;    and  ceded  to  them,  1878. 

Karur  ('embryo  town'),  Madras,  iin. 
78E.  Seized  by  British,  1760;  by  Hyder 
Ali,  1768  ;  by  General  Medows,  1790. 

Kashgar,  Eastern  Turkestan.  39N.  76E. 
Rebelled  against  China,  and  became  capital 
of  Yakub  Beg's  dominions,  1865  ;  retaken 
by  Chinese,  1877.  (See  '  Travels  of  Marco 
Polo,*  Rawlinson's  *  England  and  Russia  in 
the  East,'  Little's  '  Far  East.') 

Kashmir,  Vale  of,  Kashmir.  34N.  75E. 
Scene  of  the  story  of  *  The  Light  of  the 
Haram '  in  Moore's  *  Lalla  Kookh.' 

Kasur,  Punjab.  3 in.  75E.  Alleged  to 
have  been  f.  by  Kusa,  son  of  Rama.  Be- 
sieged by  Bhangi  chiefs,  1763,  1770 ;  Ranjit 
Singh  defeated  Kutb-ud-din  Khan,  1807. 

Katwa,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Sacred  town 
as  res.  of  apostle  Chaitanya. 

Kaveripak,  Madras.  13N.  79E.  Rajah 
Sahib  and  French  defeated  by  Clive,  1752. 
(See  Malleson's  *  Decisive  Battles  of  India.') 

Kaveripatnam,  Madras.  12N.  78E.  Taken 
from  Hyder  Ali  by  British,  1767. 

Kendubilwa,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Bp.  and 
burial-place  of  Jayadeva,  composer  of  *  Gita 
Govinda.'  (See  R.  C.  Dutt's  *  Lit.  of 
Bengal.') 

Kerbela,  Asiatic  Turkey.  33N.  44E. 
Hosein,  son  of  Caliph  Ali,  killed  in  battle 
with  rival  Yazid,  680 ;  chief  building  of  the 
city,  visited  by  many  pilgrims,  is  mosque 
containing  Hosein's  tomb.  Subdued  by 
Turks,  1843. 

Kerkouk,  Kurdistan.  35 n,  44E.  Stormed 
and  taken  by  Nadir  Shah,  1741.  Tomb  is 
shown  supposed  to  be  of  Daniel  and  other 
'  children  of  the  furnace.' 

Kerman,  Persia.  30N.  56E.  Taken  and 
plundered  by  Mahomed  Khan,  1794. 

Khaiba,  Arabia.  26N.  40E.  Visited  by 
C.  M.  Doughty,  and  described  in  *  Travels 
in  Arabia  Deserta.' 

Khaiber  Pass,  Afghanistan.  34N.  71E. 
In  Afghan  wars  opposition  to  British  passage 
overcome,  1839 ;  terrible  loss  encountered 
in  retreat,  1842 ;  held  by  neighbouring 
Afridis,  1879. 

Khatmandu,  Nepal.  28N  85E.  Believed 
to  have  been  f.  c.  723.  Massacre  of  British, 
1846. 

Khios,  Asiatic  Turkey.  38N.  26E.  Famous 
as  bp.  of  Ion,  Theocritus,  and  Theopompus ; 
contained  the  '  school  of  Homer.' 

Khiva,  Russian  Turkestan.  42N.  6oe, 
Captured  by  Russians  under  General  Kauf- 
mann,  1873.  (See  Rawlinson's  *  England 
and  Russia  in  the  East.') 


l62 


Gazetteer 


Khuldabad,  Haidarabad.  20N.  75E.  Con- 
tains many  tombs  of  famous  men,  among 
others  those  of  Nasir  Jang  and  Auningzebe. 

Kiakhta,  Siberia.  50N.  107E.  Described 
by  Bishop  Sheepshanks  in  *  My  Life  in 
Mongolia  and  Siberia.' 

Kidron,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Valley 
which  was  the  scene  of  many  incidents  in 
biblical  narratives;  David  crossed  the 
River  Kidron  when  fleeing  from  Absalom. 
Believed  will  be  scene  of  Last  Judgment, 
Mentioned  by  Jerome  and  Eusebius. 

Kin-chau,  Manchuria.  39N.  12  ie.  Japan- 
ese defeated  Russians,  1904. 

King-te-shen,  China.  29N.  117E.  Par- 
tially destroyed  by  Tai-ping  rebels,  1855. 

Kioto,  Japan.  35N.  136E.  F.  by  Ku- 
wammu.  Former  capital  of  Japan.  (See 
Lafcadio  Heam's  '  Out  of  the  East,*  Kip- 
ling's *  From  Sea  to  Sea.') 

Kirtipur,  Punjab.  32N.  75E.  Nanek, 
founder  of  Sikh  religion,  and  compiler  of 
'  Adi-Granth  *  died  here. 

Kishon,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Scene  of 
defeat  of  Sisera,  and  Elijah's  destruction  of 
the  prophets  of  Baal.  Battle  fought  on 
banks  of  river  between  Turks  and  French, 

1799- 

Kizuki,  Japan.  35N.  133E.  Great  centre 
of  Shinto  religion  in  Japan.  (See  Lafcadio 
Heam's  *  Glimpses  of  Unfamiliar  Japan.') 

Kobe,  Japan.  35 n.  135E.  Formerly  an 
independent  town,  but  united  to  Hiogo, 
1892.     (See  Kipling's  *  From  Sea  to  Sea.') 

Kolar,  Mysore.  13N.  78E.  Contains 
tomb  of  father  of  Hyder  Ali.  Given  to 
Hyder  Ali,  1761 ;  captured  by  British, 
1768;  by  Mahrattas,  1770 ;  by  British,  1791. 

Kondapalli,  Madras.  17N.  8ie.  F.  c.  1360. 
Seized  by  Krishna  Deva,  c.  1515 ;  by 
Auningzebe,  1687;   by  British,  1766. 

Konieh,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  33E.  City  in 
which  Paul  and  Barnabas  preached.  Taken 
by  Seljuks  1075  »  t)y  Frederick  Barbarossa, 
1 190 ;  by  Mohammed  II.,  1466.  Mentioned 
by  Xenophon  in  the  '  Anabasis.' 

Kos,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  27E.  Site  of 
famous  temple  of  ^sculapius.  Bp.  of 
Hippocrates,  Apelles,  Philetas,  Ariston. 
Theocritus  also  lived  here. 

Kotagherry,  Madras,  iin.  77E.  Res.  of 
Sir  R.  Burton,  described  in  *  Goa  and  the 
Blue  Mountains.' 

Koum,  Persia.  29N.  56E.  Celebrated 
place  of  pilgrimage  and  contains  shrine  of 
Fatima,  sister  of  Reza.  (See  Montesquieu's 
*  Lettres  Persanes.') 

Kuldja,  East  Turkestan.  44N.  81E.  City 
f.  after  destruction  of  Tatar  Kulja,  1865 ; 


taken  by  Russians,  1871 ;  restored  to 
China,  1881. 

Kumarhatta,  Bengal.  24N.  89E.  Bp,  of 
poet  Ram  Prasad  Sen. 

Kunnoj,  United  Provs.  27N,  80E.  Con- 
tains two  Mohammedan  mausoleums  in 
memory  of  Bala  Pir  and  his  son,  1650. 
King  of  Kanauj  conquered  by  Sultan  of 
Delhi,  1 193. 

Lahore,  Punjab.  32 n.  74E.  Taken  by 
Mahmoud,  1013,  1021;  by  Mohammed  the 
Gouride,  11 86;  plundered  and  destroyed 
by  Moguls,  1241 ;  rebuilt,  1269  ;  conquered 
by  Baber,  1522 ;  by  Sikhs,  1758 ;  Sikhs 
defeated  by  British,  1846;  became  incor- 
porated with  British  Empire,  1849.  (See 
'  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes,*  Kipling's  *  Kim.') 

Lampsacus,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  27E. 
Ancient  centre  of  worship  of  Priapus.  Bp. 
of  Charon,  Anaximenus,  and  Metrodorus, 

Lang-son,  Indo-China.  22 n.  107E.  Taken 
bv  the  French  under  General  de  N6grier, 
1885. 

Laswari,  Rajputana.  28N.  77E.  Total 
defeat  of  Mahrattas  by  British,  1803. 
(See  Malleson's  '  Decisive  Battles  of  India.') 

Latakia,  Syria.  36N.  36E.  Scene  of 
Dolabella's  last  siege,  43  b.c.  ;  taken  by 
Tancred,  1102;  by  Saladin,  1188.  Ex- 
perienced severe  earthquakes,  1170,  1287, 
1822.  (See  Volney's  *  Voyage  en  Syrie  et 
en  Egypte.*) 

Lebanon,  Mounts.,  Palestine.  34N.  36E. 
Mountain  range  mentioned  in  the  Bible  as 
famous  for  cedars.  Visited  by  Lamartine, 
1832.  (See  *  Voyage  en  Orient,'  Thomson's 
'  Land  and  the  Book,'  Burckhardt's  *  Travels 
in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Leh,  Kashmir.  34N.  78E.  Contains  tomb 
of  Stolitzka,  the  Austrian  geologist,  who 
died  here,  1874, 

Leiah,  Punjab.  31N.  71E.  F.  by  Kamal 
Khan,  c.  1550 ;  Humayun  Shah  captured 
near  here,  1794. 

Lhasa  (*  God's  house  '),  Tibet.  3 in.  91E. 
Sacred  city  of  Lamas,  containing  famous 
statue  of  Buddha.  Forbidden  to  European 
explorers,  but  has  been  entered  several 
times.     (See  Little's  *  Far  East.') 

Liao  -  yang,  Manchuria.  41N.  123E. 
Japanese  secured  a  victory  over  Russians, 
1904.  (See  McKenzie's  *  From  Tokyo  to 
Tiflis.') 

Ligor,  Siam.  8n.  iooe.  Taken  by 
Burmese,  1760,  1785. 

Lohogarh,  Bombay.  19N.  73E.  Men- 
tioned by  Ptolemy.  Taken  by  Sivaji,  1648  ; 
by  British,  1818. 


Gazetteer 


163 


Lonar,  Berar.  20N.  77E.  Scene  of 
struggle  between  Lonasur  and  an  incarna- 
tion of  Vishnu. 

Lucknow,  United  Provs.  27N.  8ie.  Con- 
tains mausoleum  of  Asaf-ud-Daula.  Seized 
by  Humayun,  1526;  by  Babar,  1528;  native 
insurrection  against  British,  1857;  recap- 
tured by  British,  1858.  (See  Mrs.  F.  A. 
Steel's  *  On  the  Face  of  the  Waters,'  Kip- 
ling's •  Kim.') 

Macao,  China.  22N.  114E.  Portuguese 
bought  right  to  settle  here,  1557 ;  Chinese 
barricaded  it  from  rest  of  island,  1573 ; 
occupied  by  British,  1802,  1808 ;  port 
declared  free,  1846.  Camoens  res.  here  in 
exile,  and  wrote  part  of  his  *  Lusiad.' 

Madakasira,  Madras.  14N.  77E.  Captured 
by  Mahrattas,  1728  ;  by  Hyder  Ali,  1762  ; 
by  Morari  Rao,  1764  ;  recaptured  by  Hyder 
Ali,  1776. 

Madras,  Madras.  13N.  8oe.  British 
established  here,  1639 ;  besieged  by  Aurung- 
zebe's  general,  1702 ;  by  the  Mahrattas, 
1741 ;  Fort  George  f.  by  Francis  Day, 
1744 ;  taken  by  French,  1746 ;  recovered 
by  British,  1748 ;  San  Thome,  Portuguese 
settlement,  f.  in  1504,  annexed,  1749 ;  un- 
successfully attacked  by  French  under 
General  Lally,  1758,  1759.  Cathedral  of 
Saint  Thome  supposed  to  contain  remains 
of  Saint  Thomas. 

Madura,  Madras,  ion.  78E.  Taken  by 
Malik  Kafur,  1324 ;  by  Nawab  of  Camatic, 
1736;  held  by  British  for  Mohammed  Ali, 
1764;    ceded  to  British,  1801. 

Mahaban,  Bengcil.  27N.  78E.  Alleged 
scene  of  childhood  of  Krishna. 

Mahe,  Madras.  I2N.  76E.  Taken  by 
French,  1722;  by  British,  1761,  1779, 
1793 ;   restored  to  French,  1815. 

Malatiyeh,  Asiatic  Turkey.  38N.  38E. 
Khosros  I.  defeated  by  Romans,  577 ;  taken 
by  Bajazet,  1396;  by  Tamerlane,  1401, 
Polyeuctus  martyred  here;  great  mas- 
sacre of  Christians,  1895.  (See  Comeille's 
*  Polyeucte.') 

Mandalay,  Upper  Burma.  22N.  96E.  F. 
in  1859  ;  became  capital  of  Burma,  1878 ; 
occupied  by  British,  1885;  partially 
destroyed  by  fire,  1892. 

Mandawar,  United  Provs.  29N.  78E. 
Taken  by  Tamerlane,  1399  ;  plundered  by 
Amir  Khan,  1805, 

Mangalore,  Madras.  13N.  75  e.  Visited 
by  Ibn  Batatu.  Occupied  by  Portuguese, 
1596;  sustained  terrible  siege  against 
Tippoo  Sahib,  1782-3;  taken  by  British, 
1799. 


Manila,  Luzon.  15N.  121E.  Capital  of 
Philippine  Islands ;  f.  by  Spaniard,  Legazpi, 
1571.  Plundered  by  Chinese  pirates,  1574  ; 
blockaded  by  Dutch,  1602 ;  taken  by 
British,  1762 ;  Spanish  fleet  destroyed  by 
Dewey  off  coast,  1898.  Severe  earthquakes, 
1675,  1824,  1863. 

Manissa,  Asiatic  Turkey.  39N.  27E. 
Ancient  Magnesia,  near  which  were  supposed 
to  be  kingdom  of  Tantalulus,  and  scene  of 
Niobe's  sorrow.  Antiochus  the  Great 
defeated  by  Romans,  190  b.c.  ;  city  occu- 
pied by  Osman  Turks,  1398. 

Maraglak,  Persia.  37N.  46E.  Contains 
tomb  of  Hulaka  Khan,  and  remains  of 
observatory  built  by  him  for  the  great 
astronomer,  Nasr-ud-din  of  Tus. 

MasuHpatam,  Madras.  i6n.  8ie.  British 
settled  here,  161 1;  successfully  stormed 
by  Colonel  Forde,  1759.  (See  Malleson's 
'  Decisive  Battles  of  India,'  *  Purchas  His 
Pilgrimes.') 

Matsuye,  Japan.  36N.  133E.  Former 
capital  of  Idziimo,  and  contains  numerous 
temples.  (See  Lafcadio  Heam's  *  Glimpses 
of  Unfamiliar  Japan.') 

Mecca,  Arabia.  2  in.  40E.  Bp.  of 
Mohammed,  c.  570.  Contains  the  Kaaba, 
said  to  be  built  by  Abraham  and  Ishmael 
with  help  from  Angel  Gabriel.  Taken  by 
Wahabis,  1803,  1807;  by  Mehemet  Ali, 
1813.  (See  Sir  R.  Burton's  *  Wanderings 
in  Three  Continents '  and  *  Pilgrimage  to 
Al-Madinah  and  Meccah,*  Hakluyt's  *  Voy- 
ages,' Burckhardt's  *  Travels  in  Arabia.') 

Medina  (*  the  city*),  Arabia.  25N.  40E. 
Sacred  city  of  Islam,  whence  Mohammed 
fled  from  Mecca,  622 ;  contains  tomb  sup- 
posed to  hold  remains  of  the  prophet,  his 
daughter  Fatima,  Abu  Bekr,  and  Omar. 
Forbidden  city  to  all  not  Mohammedans, 
but  visited  by  Burckhardt,  181 1 ;  Burton, 
1852.  (See  Sir  R.  Burton's  '  Wanderings 
in  Three  Continents '  and  *  Pilgrimage  to 
Al-Madinah  and  Meccah,'  Burckhardt's 
*  Travels  in  Arabia.') 

Meerut,  United  Provs.  29N.  78E.  Plun- 
dered by  Mahmud  of  Ghazni,  1017;  by 
Tamerlane,  1399;  taken  by  British, 
1803 ;     first  outbreak  of    Indian    Mutiny, 

1857. 

Megiddo,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Ancient 
city  of  Syria.  Mentioned  in  Bible  as  being 
fortified  by  Solomon;  refuge  of  Ahaziah 
fleeing  from  Jehu,  843  B.C. ;  Necho  over- 
came Josiah,  c.  609  B.C. 

Menderes,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  28E.  Said 
to  be  ancient  Scamander,  flowing  past  Troy, 
and  sirng  of  by  Homer. 


164 


Gazetteer 


Merta,  Rajputana.  27N.  74E.  F.  by 
Duda,  c.  1488.     Captured  by  Akbar,  1562. 

Merv,  Turkestan.  38N.  62E.  Colonised 
by  Alexander  the  Great,  occupied  by  Arabs, 
666;  taken  by  Mongols,  122 1 ;  by  Bok- 
harians  from  Persians,  1787 ;  occupied  by 
Tekke-Turkomans,  1856;  under  Russian 
authority,  1884. 

Meshed,  Persia.  36N.  59E.  Contains 
magnificent  mausoleum  of  Imam  Riza  and 
Caliph  Haroun-al-Raschid, 

Meshed  Ali,  Asiatic  Turkey.  32N.  44E. 
Contains  tomb  of  Ali. 

Miana,  Persia.  37N.  47E.  The  French 
traveller,  Th6venot,  died  here,  1667. 

Miani,  Sind.  26N.  68e.  Sir  Charles 
Napier  twice  defeated  Mohammedan  emirs, 

1843. 

Michmash,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Men- 
tioned by  Josephus  and  Eusebius,  and  in 
the  Old  Testament  as  the  camping-place  of 
the  Philistines  in  the  early  part  of  reign  of 
Saul. 

Midagesidurga,  Madras.  14N.  77E.  Seized 
by  Hyder  Ali,  1761 ;  by  Mahrattas,  1767; 
by  Tippoo  Sahib,  1774. 

Miletus,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  27E.  Cyrus 
defeated,  548  b.c.  ;  city  destroyed  by 
Persians,  494  b.c.  Res.  of  St.  Paul  for 
several  days.  Bp.  of  historians  Cadmus 
and  HecatcBUS,  philosophers  Thales,  Anaxi- 
mander,  and  Anaximenes ;  also  of  poet 
Timothy,  of  Aristides,  ^schines,  and 
Aspasia. 

Mionoseki,  Japan.  36N,  132E.  Described 
by  Lafcadio  Heam  in  *  Glimpses  of  Un- 
familiar Japan.' 

Mityleni,  Asiatic  Turkey.  39N.  27E. 
Rebellion  crushed  by  Athenians,  428  e.g.  ; 
ceded  to  Genoese  family,  1355 ;  taken  by 
Mohammed  II.,  1462 ;  unsuccessful  rebel- 
lion against  Turks,  1468;  Venetian  naval 
victories  over  Turks,  1690,  1698;  Greek 
victory,  1821.  Bp.  of  Sappho,  Alcaeus, 
Terpander,  and  Theophrastus ;  place  of 
retirement  of  Agrippa. 

Monghyr,  Bengal,  25  n.  86e.  Taken  by 
Mohammedans,  1195  ;  became  res.  of  Todar 
Mai,  1590;  taken  by  British  from  Nawab 
Mir  Kasim,  1763. 

Mosul,  Asiatic  Turkey.  36N.  43E.  Taken 
by  Moslems,  636;  stormed  by  Saladin, 
1182;  occupied  by  Persians,  1623;  un- 
successfully besieged  by  Nadir  Shah,  1741. 

Mukden,  Manchuria.  42  n.  124E.  Con- 
tains relics  of  Nurhachu,  and  near  town 
is  his  tomb.  Boxer  outbreak,  1900 ;  in 
Russo-Japanese  War,  Russians  defeated 
and    Japanese    occupied     Mukden,     1905. 


(See  P^re  Amiot  for  French  translation  of 
Emperor  K'ien  Lung's  poem  '  En  Mukden.*) 

Multan,  Punjab.  30N.  71E.  Contains 
tombs  of  Rukn-i-Alam,  Bhawal  Hakk  and 
Shams-i-Tabriz.  Mahmud  of  Ghazni  took 
it,  1005  ;  Ranjit  Singh,  1818 ;  British,  in 
Sikh  War,  1849. 

Murshidabad,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Con- 
tains tomb  of  jagath  Singh.  Last  Moham- 
medan capital  of  Bengal;  plundered  by 
Mahrattas,  1742;  entered  by  Clive,  1757; 
Warren  Hastings  removed  civil  and  criminal 
courts  to  Calcutta,  1772. 

Muscat,  Arabia.  24N.  59E.  Occupied 
by  Albuquerque,  1507 ;  besieged  by  Imam 
of  Oman,  1648;  Portuguese  expelled  by 
Oman,  1650. 

Mush,  Asiatic  Turkey.  39N.  42E.  Turks 
massacred  Armenians,  1894.  Visited  by 
Xenophon,  and  supposed  burial-place  of 
Moses  of  Chorene. 

Muttra,  United  Provs.  27N,  78E.  Con- 
tains ruins  of  Jey  Singh's  observatory  and 
of  Akbar's  fort.  Supposed  bp.  of  Krishna, 
whose  childhood  was  spent  here,  and 
Balarama.  Pillaged  by  Mahmud  of  Ghazni, 
1017 ;  taken  by  British,  1803 ;  Sepoys 
murdered  British  officers,  1857. 

Nabadwip,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Bp.  of 
Chaitanya,  supposed  to  be  incarnation  of 
Krishna ;  res.  of  Nityananda,  Vasudeb,  and 
Raghumath. 

Nabulus,  Palestine.  32N.  33E.  On  site 
of  ancient  Shechem  mentioned  in  biblical 
history;  later  was  rebuilt  as  Neapolis  by 
Vespasian.  (See  Kinglake's  *  Eothen,* 
Mark  Twain's  *  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,' 
Thomson's  *  Land  and  the  Book,'  Volney's 
'  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en  Egypte.') 

Nagar  ('the  city'),  Madras.  14N.  75E. 
Captured  by  Hyder  Ali,  1763 ;  taken  by 
British,  1783. 

Nagasaki,  Japan.  33N.  130E.  Scene  of 
Pierre  Loti's  *  Madame  Chrysantheme.' 
(See  also  Kipling's  '  From  Sea  to  Sea,* 
Little's  '  Far  East.') 

Nagpur    ('town    of    serpents'),    Centra 
Provs.      2  IN.     79E.      Former     capital     of 
Mahratta  principality,  crushed  by  British, 
1817. 

Nain,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Scene  of 
Christ's  miracle  of  raising  from  the  dead 
the  widow's  son.  (See  Mark  Twain's  '  New 
Pilgrim's  Progress.') 

Najibabad,  United  Provs,  30N.  78E.  F. 
by  Najib-ud-dowlah,  1755.  Destroyed  by 
Mahrattas,  1772. 

Nakhitchevan,  Asiatic  Russia.     40N.  45E. 


Gazetteer 


165 


Said  to  be  oldest  city  in  world,  f.  by  Noah. 
Taken  by  Seljuk  Sultan,  1064;  ceded  to 
Russia  by  Persia,  1828. 

Nandidrug,  Madras.  13N.  78E.  Captured 
by  Lord  Comwallis,  1791. 

Nan-king  ('southern  capital'),  China. 
32N.  iiQE.  Treaty  which  ended  Opium 
War  signed,  1842  ;  city  taken  by  Taipings, 
1853  ;  by  Imperialists,  1864.  (See  *  Purchas 
His  Pilgrimes,'  Little's  *  Far  East.') 

Nannur,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Bp.  of 
Chandidas,  the  poet. 

Narnaul,  Punjab.  28N.  76E.  Said  to 
have  been  f.  by  Rajah  Launkam,  and  to  be 
bp.  of  Sher  Shah. 

Nasik,  Bombay.  20N.  74E.  Noted  for 
Lena  caves  with  Buddhistic  sculptures. 
Here,  according  to  the '  Ramayana,'  Ravana 
carried  away  Siva,  Rama's  wife. 

Nazareth,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Res.  of 
the  Virgin  Mary  and  of  Christ;  Church  of 
Annunciation  f.,  c.  1620.  Town  captured 
by  Moslems,  1291 ;  Junot  vanquished  com- 
bined army  of  Turks  and  Arabs,  1799. 
(See  Kinglake's  *  Eothen,'  Lamartine's 
*  Voyage  en  Orient,'  Thomson's  '  Land  and 
the  Book.') 

Negapatam,  Madras,  iin.  8oe.  Con- 
quered by  Dutch,  1660;  by  British,  1781. 
(See  '  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes.') 

Nehavend,  Persia.  34N.  48E.  Great 
victory  of  Saracens  which  brought  Persia 
under  their  sway,  641. 

Nellore,  Madras.  14N.  8oe.  Ancient  fort 
of  Sinhapur,  '  the  lion  city ; '  repulsed 
British,  1757. 

Nertchinsk,  Siberia.  52N.  117E.  Treaty 
signed  between  Russians  and  Chinese,  1689. 
(See  Eraser's  '  Real  Siberia.') 

Nicsea  (*  city  of  victory '),  Asia  Minor. 
40N.  30E.  F.  by  Antigonus,  c.  316  b.c. 
Taken  by  Seljuks,  1078;  by  Crusaders, 
1097;  by  the  Osraanlis,  1326.  Bp.  of 
historian  Dion  Cassius  and  astronomer 
Hipparchus.     Council  met,  325. 

Nicomedia,  Asiatic  Turkey.  4 in.  30E. 
F.  by  Nicomedes  I.,  264  B.C. ;  contains 
ruins  of  which  Pliny  the  Younger  boasted. 
Bp.  of  Arrian ;  res.  of  Diocletian,  and  of 
Constantine  who  died  here;  scene  of 
Hannibal's  suicide. 

Nicosia,  Cyprus.  35 n.  33E.  Capital  of 
Cyprus  since  time  of  Lusignan  kings.  Taken 
by  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion,  1191 ;  besieged 
by  Turks,  1570. 

Nikaria,  Asiatic  Turkey.  38N.  26E. 
Island  near  which  it  is  fabled  Icarus  met 
his  death. 

Nikko  (*  sun's  brightness  '),  Japan.     37N. 


140E.  Contains  tomb  of  lyeyasu,  1617; 
and  that  of  his  grandson,  lyemitsu,  slain 
while  visiting  tomb  of  lyeyasu,  1650. 
(See  Kipling's  *  From  Sea  to  Sea.') 

Nineveh,  Asiatic  Turkey.  36N.  43E. 
Said  to  have  been  f.  c.  2680  b.c.  ;  enlarged 
by  Ninus,  1968  b.c.  Conquered  by  Arbaces, 
759  B.C. ;  by  Nabopolassar,  625  b.c.  ; 
destroyed  by  Medes  and  Babylonians,  c.  607 
B.C.  Excavations  by  Botta,  1842  ;  Layard, 
1845  ;  also  by  Hormuzd  Rassam  and  George 
Smith.     Tobit  said  to  have  died  here.     (See 

*  Apocrypha.) 

Ning-po  ('  calm  waves '),  China.  30N. 
121E.  Occupied  by  Portuguese,  1522; 
Portuguese  massacred,  1545 ;  taken  by 
British,  1842.  (See  '  Travels  of  Marco 
Polo.') 

Nishapur,  Persia.  36N.  59E.  Famous 
as  bp.  of  Omar  Khayyam,  whose  tomb  is 
also  here.     Res.  of  Nidhami-i-Arudi. 

Nisib,  Asiatic  Turkey.  37N.  38E.  Turks 
defeated  by  Egyptians  under  Ibrahim 
Pasha,  1839. 

Nisibin,  Asiatic  Turkey.  37N.  41E.  Cap- 
tured by  Parthians,  149  b.c  ;  by  LucuUus, 
68  B.C.;  by  Trajan,  116;  by  Lucius  Verus, 
165  ;   given  to  Persians  by  Jovian,  363. 

Oki  Shima,  Japan.  36N.  133E.  An 
island  off  the  west  coast  of  Houdo,  fully 
described  by  Lafcadio  Heam  in  '  Glimpses 
of  Unfamiliar  Japan.* 

Omsk,  Asiatic  Russia.  55N.  74E.  Capital 
of  Akmolinsk.    (See  Eraser's  *  Real  Siberia.*) 

Ophir,  Mount,  Malay  Peninsula.  2N. 
103E.  Gold-producing  mountain  often  iden 
tified  with  the  Ophir  of  the  Bible.     (See 

*  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes.') 

Opon,  Philippine  Islands,  iin.  124K. 
Magellan  killed  here  by  natives,  152 1. 

Ormuz,  Persia.  27N.  56E.  Visited  by 
Nearchus,  325  b.c  Captured  by  Albu- 
querque, 1507,  15 14;  by  Shah  Abbas  and 
British,  1622.  (See  *  Purchas  His  Pil- 
grimes,' *  Travels  of  Marco  Polo,'  Hakluyt's 

*  Voyages.') 

Osaka,  Japan.  35N.  136E.  F.  by  Rennio 
Shonin,  1495 ;  captured  by  Hideyoshi, 
1580;  castle  secured  by  lyeyasu,  1615 ; 
burnt  by  Tokugawa  retainers,  1868.  (See 
Lafcadio  Heam's  '  Out  of  the  East,'  Diosy's 

*  New  Far  East,'  Kipling's  *  From  Sea  to 
Sea.*) 

Padang,  Sumatra,    is.  iooe.    First  Dutch 

settlement  in  Sumatra,  1666 ;    captured  by 

I  British,  1781 ;  surrendered  to  Dutch,  1783  ; 

recaptured,  1794 »    yielded  to  Dutch,  1814. 


i66 


Gazetteer 


Padmanabham,  Madras.  i8n.  83E.  British 
defeated  and  killed  Rajah  of  Vizianagram, 

1794. 

Pakpatan  (*  the  holy  ferry '),  Punjab. 
30N.  73E.  Contains  tomb  of  saint  Farid- 
ul-Hakkwa-ud-din.  Visited  by  Ibn  Batatu ; 
in  subjection  to  Tamerlane,  1398. 

Palakkat,  Madras,  iin.  77E.  Fort  f.  by 
Hyder  Ali  taken  by  British,  1768. 

Palembang,  Sumatra.  3s.  105E.  Visited 
by  Marco  Polo,  and  contains  an  alleged 
tomb  of  Alexander  the  Great.  Taken  by 
British,  1812 ;    by  Dutch,  1821. 

Palmyra  ('city  of  palms'),  S>Tia.  34N. 
39E.  Supposed  to  have  been  f .  by  Solomon ; 
rebuilt  by  Hadrian,  130;  Queen  Zenobia 
conquered  by  Aurelian,  273  ;  city  taken  by 
Arabs,  634 ;  pillaged  by  Tamerlane,  1401. 
(See  Burton's  '  Wanderings  in  Three  Conti- 
nents,' Volney's  *  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en 
Egypte.') 

Panda vgarh,  Bombay.  i8n.  74E.  Seized 
by  Sivaji,  1673 ;  by  Aurungzebe,  1701 ; 
by  British,  1818. 

Pandharpur,  Bombay.  i8n.  75E.  Con- 
tains famous  temple  of  Vishnu  incarnation. 

Pandua,  Bengal.  25N.  88e.  Bp.  of  poet 
Bharat  Chandra  Rai.  Contains  tombs  of 
Jalal-ud-din  Tabrizi  and  of  Mir  Kutb  Alam. 

Panipat,  Punjab.  29N.  77E.  Afghans 
under  Ibrahim  Lodi  defeated  by  Mogols 
under  Baber,  1526 ;  Afghans  under  Hermu 
defeated  by  Akbar,  1556;  Ahmed  Shah 
conquered  Mahrattas,  1761. 

Panjim,  Bombay.  15N.  74E.  (See  Sir 
Richard  Burton's  *  Goa  and  the  Blue 
Mountains.*) 

Paphos,  Cyprus.  35 n.  32E.  Scene  of 
conversion  of  Sergius  Paulus  by  Saint  Paul. 
Famous  for  worship  of  Aphrodite  and  scene 
of  story  of  Pygmalion. 

Pasargada,  Persia.  30N.  53E.  Ancient 
capital  of  Persia;  said  to  have  been  f.  by 
Cyrus,  c,  555  b.c.  Alleged  tomb  of  Cyrus 
in  vicinity. 

Patau,  Baroda.  24N.  72E.  F.  by 
Vanarajah;  c.  746.  Conquered  by  Mah- 
moud  of  Ghazni,  1024 ;  by  Ulugh  Khan, 
1298.  Contains  many  Jain  temples  and 
has  fine  collection  of  Jain  MSS. 

Patna,  Bengal.  26N.  85E.  Buddha  said 
to  have  assisted  in  foundation  of  city ; 
mentioned  by  Strabo,  Pliny,  and  Arrian ; 
contains  shrine  of  Shah  Arzani.  Entered 
by  Clive,  1759 ;    captured  by  Major  Adam, 

761 ;  massacre  of  British,  1763 ;  con- 
spiracy of  Sepoys,  1857 ;   of  Wahabis,  1864. 

Pegu,  Burma.  i8n.  96E.  Destroyed  by 
Alompsa,  1757 ;   occupied  by  British,  1852. 


Peking  ('the  northern  capital'),  China. 
40N.  ii6e.  Seized  by  Ghengis  Khan,  12 15  ; 
res.  of  Kubla  Khan,  1264 ;  occupied  by 
British  and  French,  i860;  by  British  and 
Americans  in  Boxer  rising,  1900.  (See 
Little's  "  Far  East.') 

Penukonda,  Madras.     14N.  78E.     Res.  of 
Krishna  Deva.     Seized  by  Hyder  Ali,  1762. 
Perambakkam,  Madras.   13N.  8oe.   Hyder 
Ali  overcame  British,  1780. 

Petra,  Syria.  30N.  36E.  Mentioned  by 
Strabo  and  Pliny,  and  probably  Sela  of  the 
Bible.  (See  Doughty's  '  Travels  in  Arabia 
Deserta,'  Whittier's  '"The  Rock"  in  El 
Ghor.') 

Petropavlovsk,  Kamtchatka.  53N.  159E. 
French  and  British  allies  engaged  in  naval 
battle  with  Russians  under  MuraviefE,  1854. 
Phyeng-yang,  Korea.  39N.  126E.  Japan 
ese  won  a  victory  over  Chinese,  1894.  (See 
Diosy's  '  New  Far  East,'  McKenzie's  '  From 
Tokyo  to  Tiflis.') 

Pinjaur,  Punjab.  31N.  77E.  Besieged  by 
Patiala,  1769  ;    taken  by  Bourquin,  1793. 

Plassy,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  Siraj-ud- 
Daula  suffered  great  defeat  at  hands  of 
Clive,  1757.  (See  Malleson's  '  Decisive 
Battles  of  India.') 

PoUanarrua,  Ceylon.  8n.  82E.  Capital  of 
Ceylon,  769  ;   taken  by  Malabars,  c.  1204. 

Pondicherri,  Madras.  12  n.  8oe.  First 
French  settlement,  1674  >  taken  by  Dutch, 
1693 ;  unsuccessfully  besieged  by  Admiral 
Boscawen,  1748 ;  taken  by  Eyre  Coote, 
1761 ;  restored  to  French,  1763 ;  recap- 
tured by  Sir  Hector  Monro,  1778  ;  restored, 
1783 ;  retaken  by  British,  1793 ;  finally 
restored  to  French,  1816. 

Poena,  Bombay.  19N.  74E.  Destroyed 
by  Nizam  Ali,  1763 ;  captured  by  British, 
1818. 

Port  Arthur,  Manchuria.  39N.  121E. 
Fortified  by  Chinese,  1891 ;  seized  by 
Japanese,  1894;  leased  to  Russia,  1898; 
besieged  during  Russo-Japanese  War,  1904  ; 
surrendered  to  Japanese,  1905.  (See  Diosy's 
'  New  Far  East.') 

Porto  Novo,  Madras,     iin.   8oe.     Occu 
pied  by  Danes  and  English,  1682  ;  Sir  Eyre 
Coote  defeated  Hyder  Ali,  1781 ;    ceded  to 
British  by  Dutch,    1823.     (See  Malleson's 
'  Decisive  Battles  of  India.') 

Pratapgarh,  Bombay.  i8n.  74E.  Res. 
of  Sivaji,  and  scene  of  his  murder  of  Afzal 
Khan,  1659. 

Priene,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  27E.  One  of 
twelve  cities  of  Ionian  League,  supposed  to 
have  been  f.  by  iCpytus.  Bp.  of  Bias  and 
Achelaus. 


•^^PUP 


Gazetteer 


167 


Prome,  Burma,  iqn.  95E.  Captured  by 
British,  1825,  1852  ;  partially  destroyed  by 
fire,  1856. 

Pulicat,  Madras.  13N.  8oe.  Occupied 
by  Dutch,  1609 ;  conquered  by  British, 
1781;  ceded  to  Dutch,  1818;  to  British, 
1825. 

Punna,  Rajputana,  25N.  80E.  Besieged 
by  Sikander  Lodi,  1494 ;  taken  by  Ram 
Chandra  Deo,  1563.  Here  Fran  Nath  is 
held  sacred,  and  his  tomb  exists. 

Puri,  Bengal.  20N.  86e.  Contained 
Gold  Tooth  of  the  Buddha  for  many  cen- 
turies; now  famous  for  the  temple  of 
Vishnu  in  his  incarnation  of  Juggernaut. 

Quilon,  Madras.  9N.  77E.  Visited  by 
Marco  Polo ;  Portuguese  residents  defeated 
by  Dutch,  1662. 

Radhanagar,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Bp.  of 
Ram  Mohan  Rai,  first  writer  of  Bengali 
prose. 

Rahun,  Punjab.  3 in.  76E.  Believed  to 
have  been  f.  by  Rajah  Raghab.  Taken  by 
Tara  Singh,  1759. 

Rajgir,  Bengal.  25N.  85E.  Visited  by 
Fa  Hian  and  Hiuen  Tsiang.  Identified  with 
Rajagriha,  res.  of  Buddha.  (See  Sir  Edwin 
Arnold's  '  Light  of  Asia.*) 

Rajpur  ('  the  royal  town*),  United  Provs. 
30N.  78E.  Scene  of  story  entitled  *  The 
Potter's  Thumb,*  by  Mrs.  Flora  Annie  Steel. 

Ramleh,  Sj^ia.  32N.  35E.  Visited  by 
W.  M.  Thomson,  and  described  in  '  The 
Land  and  the  Book.'  (See  Volney's 
*  Voyage  en  S5a:ie  et  en  Egypte.') 

Ramnad,  Madras.  9N.  79E.  Captured 
by  British,  1772. 

Ramnagar,  Punjab.  32N.  74E.  Besieged 
by  Ranjit  Singh,  1795 ;  Lord  Gough 
defeated  Sikhs,  1848. 

Rangoon  ('  the  end  of  the  war*),  Burma. 
17N.  96E.  F.  as  Dagon,  c.  588  B.C. ;  re- 
built by  Alompra,  1755 ;  captured  by 
British,  1824,  1852.  (See  Kipling's  *  From 
Sea  to  Sea.') 

Ranibennur,  Bombay.  15 n.  76E.  Seized 
by  Colonel  Wellesley,  1800;  occupied  by 
British,  18 1 8. 

Rattihalli,  Bombay.  14N.  76E.  Defeat 
of  Hyder  Ali  by  Mahrattas,  1764. 

Rawal  Pindi,  Punjab.  34N.  73E.  Scene 
of  surrender  of  Sikhs  after  Sir  Hugh  Gough's 
defeat  at  Gujrat,  184^. 

Rhodes,  Asia  Minor.  36N.  28E.  F.  in 
408  B.C.  Citizens  massacred  by  Cassius, 
42  B.C. ;  held  by  knights  of  St.  John  of 
Jerusalem,  1309;  besieged  by  Mohammed  II., 


1480;  taken  by  Solyman  the  Magnificent, 
1522.  Bp.  of  Panaetius,  Stratocles,  Andro- 
nicus,  Eudemus,  Hieronymus,  Pisander, 
Simmias,  and  Aristides.  Res.  of  Apollonius 
Rhodius  and  Posidionius.     (See  Hakluyt's 

*  Voyages.') 

Rohanked,  Berar.  2  in.  76E.  Nasir 
Khan  defeated,  1437 ;  Jamal  Khan  here 
slain  in  battle,  1590. 

Rohtak,  Punjab.  29N.  77E.  Scene  of 
murder  of  Kai  Khusru,  c.  1286;  besieged 
by  Khizr  Khan,  14 10. 

Rungpur  (*  abode  of  bliss '),  Bengal.  26N. 
89 E,  Alleged  res.  of  Rajah  Bhagadatta, 
Taken  by  British,  1765. 

Sabraon,  Punjab.  3 in.  75E.  First  Sikh 
War  ended  by  Sir  Hugh  Gough's  defeat  of 
Sikhs,  1846,  (See  Malleson's  *  Decisive 
Battles  of  India.') 

Safed,  Palestine.  33N.  36E.  Believed  by 
Jews  Messiah  will  make  city  his  capital. 
Scene  of  siege  of  Holophemes  and  murder 
of  Judith.  Bp.  of  Tobias.  Castle  f.  by 
Christians,  11 40;  taken  by  Saladin,  11 89; 
destroyed  by  Sultan  of  Damascus,  1220 ; 
rebuilt  by  Templars,  1240 ;  destroyed  by 
Bibars   of   Egypt,    1266.     (See   Thomson's 

*  Land  and  the  Book,'  Volney's  '  Voyage  en 
Sjarie  et  en  Egypte.') 

Sagandari,  Bengal.  23N.  89E.  Bp.  of 
Madhu  Sudan  Datta,  writer  of  '  Meghanad- 
Badh  *  and  *  Krishna  Kumari.' 

Saigon,  Cochin-China.  iin.  107E.  Cap- 
tured by  French,  1858.  (See  Little's  *  Far 
East.') 

St  Thome,  Madras.  13N.  8oe.  Suburb 
of  Madras ;  scene  of  victory  of  French  under 
Paradis  over  Maphuz  Khan,  1746.  (See 
Malleson's  *  Decisive  Battles  of  India.') 

Salem,  Madras.  I2N.  78E.  Seized  by 
British,  1768 ;  ceded  to  British  by  treaty  of 
Seringapatam,  1792. 

Samana,  Punjab.  30N.  76E.  Conquered 
by  Mohammed  of  Ghor,  1192 ;  by  Banda 
Bairagi,  1708. 

Samaria,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  F.  by 
Omri,  912  B.C. ;  captured  by  Sargon, 
722  B.C. ;  by  Alexander  the  Great,  331  b.c.  ; 
by  Antiochus  the  Great,  203  e.g.  ;  by  John 
Hyrcanus,  120  B.C. ;  given  by  Augustus  to 
Herod  the  Great. 

Samarlcand,  Turkestan.  40N.  67E.  Bp. 
of  Nidhami-i-Arudi,  author  of  *  Chahar 
Maqala.'  Ancient  city  destroyed  by  Alex- 
ander the  Great,  329  b.c.  ;  conquered  by 
Kotaiba  ibn  Moslim,  711;  by  Genghis 
Khan,  1220;  by  Amir  of  Bokhara,  1504; 
by   Russians,    1868.     Contains   mosque   of 


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Gazetteer 


Shah-Zindeh,  and  tomb  of  Tamerlane. 
Bp.  of  Aboul-Mansour-Matoudiri.  (See 
*  Travels  of  Marco  Polo.') 

Sambhal,  United  Provs.  29N.  79E.  Bp. 
of  Amir  Khan. 

Samiaveram,  Madras,  iin.  78E.  Occu- 
pied by  Give,  1752. 

Samsat,  Asiatic  Turkey.  38N.  39E.  Bp. 
of  Bishop  Paul  of  Samosata  and  of  Lucian. 

Sana,  Arabia.  15  n.  45E.  Capital  of 
Yemen,  captured  by  Turks,  1872. 

San-de-pu,  Manchuria.  ^2n.  123E.  Un- 
successfully attacked  by  Russians  under 
General  Grippenberg,  1904. 

Sanjan,  Bombay.  20N.  73E.  Visited  by 
Polish  scholar,  Hove,  1787.  Taken  by 
Portuguese,  1534. 

Sante  Bennur,  Madras.  14N.  76E.  Taken 
by  Hyder  Ali,  1761 ;   by  Mahrattas,  1791. 

Santipur,  Bengal.  23N.  88e.  Res.  of 
Chaitanya,  and  bp.  of  Adyaita. 

Sarafand,  S5nria.  33N.  35E.  Ancient  city, 
known  in  the  Bible  as  Zareptath.  (See 
Thomson's  '  Land  and  the  Book.') 

Sardhana,  United  Provs.  29N.  78E, 
Celebrated  as  res.  of  Begam  Sumru. 

Sardis,  Asia  Minor.  39N.  28E,  Occupied 
by  Cyrus,  548  b.c.  ;  burned  by  lonians, 
c.  409  B.C. ;  destroyed  by  Tamerlane,  1402. 
Mentioned  by  /Eschylus  and  Herodotus ; 
res.  of  Xerxes ;  contains  ruins  of  temple  of 
Cybele  and  tomb  of  Alyattes. 

Sasseram  (*  one  thousand  toys'),  Bengal. 
25N.  84E.  Contains  tombs  of  Sher  Shah 
and  his  father. 

Satyamangalam,  Madras.  iin,  77E. 
Taken  by  Hyder  Ali,  1768;  by  Tippoo 
Sahib,  1790. 

Savandurga,  Madras.  13N.  77E.  Captured 
by  Lord  Comwallis,  179 1. 

Selefke,  Asiatic  Turkey.  36N.  34E.  F. 
by  Seleucus  Nicator ;   bp.  of  Xenarchus. 

Seleucia  Pieria,  Asia  Minor.  36N.  36E. 
F.  by  Seleucus  Nicator;  captured  by 
Ptolemy  Euergetes,  246  b.c.  ;  by  Antiochus 
the  Great,  219  b.c. 

Seoul,  Korea.  38N.  127E.  Capital  of 
Korea  since  1392.  Contains  fine  temple  of 
Confucius.  (See  Diosy's  *  New  Far  East,' 
McKenzie's  '  From  Tokyo  to  Tiflis,'  Little's 
'  Far  East.' 

Sephora,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Mentioned 
in  the  Bible ;  visited  by  Lamartine,  1832. 

Seringapatam  ('  city  of  Vishnu  '),  Mysore. 
12  N.  77E.  Besieged  by  Lord  Comwallis, 
1792 ;  taken  by  British  and  Tippoo  Sahib 
killed,  1799.  Contains  ancient  temple  of 
Vishnu,  and  tombs  of  Hyder  Ali  and  Tippoo 
Sahib. 


Seroda,  Bombay.  15N.  74E.  Res.  of  Sir 
R.  Burton ;  described  in  *  Goa  and  the  Blue 
Mountains.* 

Sha  River,  Manchuria.  42N.  123E. 
Russians  under  General  Kuropatkin  con- 
quered by  Japanese,  1904. 

Shahabad,  United  Provs.  28N.  80E.  F. 
by  Diler  Khan,  whose  tomb  is  here,  1677 ; 
visited  by  Bishop  Heber,  1824. 

Shang-hai  ('  above  the  sea '),  China.  31N. 
12  IE.  Taken  by  Triads,  1853 ;  occupied 
by  British  and  French,  i860.     (See  Little's 

*  Far  East.') 

Shehr,  Arabia.  15N.  50E.  City  described 
in  '  Travels  of  Marco  Polo '  as  Escier. 

Shehr-i-Sebz,  Turkestan.  39N.  67E.  F. 
on  site  of  Kesh,  bp.  of  Tamerlane. 

Shimoga,  Madras.  14N.  76E.  Captured 
by  Mahrattas,  1798 ;  destroyed  by  Dhundia 
Wagh,  1799. 

Shimonosoki,  Japan.  34N.  13  ie.  Bom- 
barded by  American,  British,  Dutch,  and 
French  fleet,  1864 ;  treaty  signed  here, 
1895.  (See  McKenzie's  *  From  Tokyo  to 
Tiflis,'  Little's  *  Far  East.') 

Shiraz,  Persia.  30N.  53E.  F.  c.  697 ; 
capital  of  Persia,  1760.  Near  by  are  tombs 
of  Saadi  and  Hafiz. 

Shivner,  Bombay,  19N.  74E.  Bp.  of 
Sivaji. 

Sholapur,  Bombay.  i8n.  76E.  The  Baji 
Rao  sufiered  defeat  at  hands  of  British, 
1818. 

Shwebo,  Upper  Burma,  23N.  96E.  Bp. 
of  Maung  Aung  Zeya. 

Sidon,  Syria.  34N,  35E.  Taken  by 
Crusaders,  mo;  by  Saladin,  1187;  recap- 
tured by  Crusaders,  1197;  destroyed  by 
Mongols,  1260 ;  captured  by  Mussulmans, 
1291 ;  bombarded  by  Napier,  1840;  per- 
secution of  Christians,  i860.  (See  Thom- 
son's   *  Land    and    the    Book,'     Volney's 

*  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en  Egypte.') 

Sikandarabad,  United  Provs.  28N.  78E. 
F.  by  Sikandar  Lodi,  1498 ;  suffered  during 
Mutiny,  1857. 

Sikandra,  United  Provs.  27N.  78E,  Res. 
of  Sikandar  Lodi,  and  contains  tomb  of 
Akbar. 

Siloam,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Pool  near 
Jerusalem  mentioned  in  the  Bible.  (See 
Mark  Twain's  '  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,' 
Thomson's  '  Land  and  the  Book.') 

Simla,  Punjab.  3 in.  77E.  Fashionable 
health-resort  of  Europeans  in  India,  fre- 
quently the  scene  of  Kipling's  stories,  e.g., 

*  Under    the     Deodars,'     *  The     Phantom 
'Rickshaw.' 

Sinai,  Mount,  Arabia  Petraea,     28N.  34E. 


Gazetteer 


I  69 


Mentioned  in  the  Bible  as  the  mountain  on 
which  God  revealed  himself  to  Moses.  (See 
Flinders  Petrie's  '  Researches  in  Sinai,*  also 

*  Purchas  His  Pilgrimes,'  Volney's  '  Voyage 
en    Sjnrie    et    en    Egypte,*    Burckhardt's 

*  Travels  in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land.*) 

Singapore,  Malay  Peninsula,  in.  104E. 
F,  by  Sir  Stamford  Raffles,  1819 ;  ceded  to 
British  by  Sultan  of  Johore,  1824.  (See 
Kipling's  *  From  Sea  to  Sea.*) 

Singarh  (*  lion's  fort '),  Bombay.  i8n. 
74E.  Taken  by  Sivaji,  1647 ;  by  Tanaji 
Malusre,  1670;   by  British,  1818. 

Singi,  Bengal.  28N.  8ie.  Bp.  of  Kasiram 
Das,  translator  into  Bengali  of  *  Mahab- 
harata.'     (See  R.  C.  Dutt's  *  Lit.  of  Bengal.') 

Sinhur,  Rajputana.  23N.  77E.  Jaswaut 
Rao  here  attacked  Captain  Jean  Baptiste 
Filose,  1814. 

Sinope,  Asia  Minor.  42N.  35E.  F.  by 
lonians  of  Miletus,  630  B.C. ;  unsuccessfully 
attacked  by  Mithradates  IV.,  220  B.C. ; 
captured  by  Pharnaces,  183  b.c.  ;  by 
Lucullus,  70  B.C. ;  fleet  and  town  partially 
destroyed  by  Russians,  1853.  Bp.  of 
Diogenes. 

Sira,  Madras.  14N.  77E.  Taken  by 
Mahrattas,  1757;  by  Hyder  Ali;  recaptured 
by  Mahrattas,  1766 ;  by  Tippoo  Sahib,  1774. 

Sirhind,  Punjab.  3  in.  76E.  Sarang 
Khan  overcome  by  Khizr  Khan,  1420 ; 
Bazid  Khan  killed  by  Banda  Bairagi,  1708. 

Sivas,  Asiatic  Turkey.  40N.  37E.  De- 
stroyed by  Tamerlane,  1400. 

Skutari,  Asia  Minor.  4 in.  29E.  Scene 
of  Florence  Nightingale's  activities  during 
Crimean  War,  1854-6;  destroyed  by  fire, 
1872. 

Smyrna,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  27E.  Ancient 
city  celebrated  by  Pindar,  Aristides,  and 
Himerius,  containing  famous  relics  of 
Homer.  Destroyed  by  Alyattes,  c,  575  b.c.  ; 
rebuilt  by  Antigonus  and  Lysimachus,  but 
suffered  from  earthquake,  179 ;  seized  by 
Turks,  1084  ;  conquered  by  Aidin,  c.  1330  ; 
by     Tamerlane,      1402.     (See     Kinglake's 

*  Eothen,*  Twain's  *  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,' 
Lamartine's  *  Voyage  en  Orient,*  Montes- 
quieu's *  Lettres  Persanes,*) 

Sohar,  Arabia.  24N.  57E.  Visited  by 
Marco  Polo  and  Ibn  Batatu.  Occupied  by 
Portuguese,  1508. 

Somnath,  Bombay.  2 in.  70E. 
by  Mahmud  of  Ghazni,  1025. 
Iplace  in  which  Krishna  died. 

Sopara,      Bombay.     19N.      73E. 


place  of   Buddha, 
I*  Mahabharata.' 
Su-Chau,  China. 


Pillaged 
Alleged 

Sacred 
in   the 


and   mentioned 


3 IN.   12 IE.     F.  c.  500 


B.C. ;  captured  by  Taiping  rebels,  i860 ; 
became  treaty-port,  1896. 

Sukkur,  Sind.  28N.  69E.  Talpurs 
defeated  by  Shah  Shuja,  1833 ;  British 
possession,  1842. 

Sur  ('rock'),  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  An- 
cient Tyre.  Besieged  by  Nebuchadnezzar 
IL,  572  B.C. ;  by  Alexander  the  Great, 
332  B.C.;  captured  by  Crusaders,  1124; 
destroyed  by  Malik  al  -  Ashraf,  1291 ; 
suffered  from  earthquake,  1837.  (See 
Lamartine's  *  Voyage  en  Orient,'  Thomson's 
'  Land  and  the  Book,'  Volney's  '  Voyage  en 
Syrie  et  en  Egypte,'  Hakluyt's  *  Voyages.') 

Surat,  Bombay.  2 in.  73E.  Overcome 
by  Akbar,  1572  ;  British  settlement,  1612  ; 
under  British  rule,  1800,  (See  *  Purchas 
His  Pilgrimes.') 

Susa,  Persia.  32N.  48E.  Capital  of 
Elamite kingdom,  c.  2280  b.c  ;  conquered  by 
Assyrians,  645  b.c.  Contains  tomb  alleged 
to  be  of  Daniel. 

Tabariah,  Syria.  33N.  36E.  F.  by  Herod 
Antipas,  c.  16;  Saladin  defeated  Christians, 
1 1 87;  given  to  France,  1240;  taken  by 
Mussulmans,  1247.  Mentioned  by  Josephus ; 
contains  tomb  of  Arabian  philosopher 
Lokman;  Mishna  compiled  here,  190, 
and  part  of  Talmud.  (See  Burckhardt's 
'  Travels  in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Tabor,  Mount,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Scene 
of  assembly  of  army  of  Barak  and  Deborah 
against  Sisera;  alleged  scene  of  Christ's 
Transfiguration.  Gabinius  overcame  Jews, 
53  B.C. ;  fortified  by  Malik-el- Adil,  12 12 
French  victory  over  British  and  Turks, 
1799.  (See  Burckhardt's  *  Travels  in  Syria 
and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Tabreez,  Persia.  38N.  46E.  Foundation 
attributed  to  Zobeida,  wife  of  Haroun-al- 
Raschid,  791.  Destroyed  by  Tamerlane, 
1392 ;  taken  from  Turks  by  Nadir  Shah, 
1730;  by  Russians,  1827.  The  Bab  here 
put  to  death,  1850. 

Taif,  Arabia.  22N.  41E.  Visited  by 
Burckhardt,  and  described  in  *  Travels  in 
Arabia.' 

Talwaudy,  Punjab.  32N.  75E.  Village 
near  Lahore  which  is  bp.  of  Nanek,  founder 
of  Sikh  religion. 

Tanjore,  Madras,  iin.  79E.  Unsuccess- 
fully attacked  by  Lally,  1758 ;  taken  by 
British,  1773 ;    under  British  control,  1799. 

Tarsus,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  35E.  Tradi- 
tionally f.  by  Sennacherib.  Meeting-place 
of  Mark  Antony  and  Cleopatra,  38  b.c. 
Contains  tomb  of  Sardanapalus,  and  is  bp. 
of  St.  Paul,  Athenodorus,  and  Hermogenes. 


170 


Gazetteer 


Tchesme,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  27E.  Turk- 
ish fleet  defeated  by  Russian  under  OrlofE 
and  Elphinstowe,  1770. 

Teheran,  Persia.  36N.  51E.  Treaty 
signed  between  British  and  Persians,  1857. 
Near  city  are  ruins  of  Rhages,  bp.  of  Haroun- 
al-Raschid. 

Teima,  Arabia.  sSn.  39E.  The  Tema 
of  the  Bible.  Visited  by  C.  M.  Doughty, 
and  described  in  *  Travels  in  Arabia  Deserta.' 

Tekrit,  Asiatic  Turkey.  35 n.  44E.  Bp. 
of  Saladin. 

Tiberias,  Sea  of,  Palestine.  33N.  36E. 
Frequently  mentioned  in  the  Bible  as  Lake 
of  Galilee  or  Gennesaret,  and  by  Josephus. 
Bp.  of  disciples  Simon,  Andrew,  James  the 
Great,  and  John.  Visited  by  Lamartine, 
1832.  (See  Kinglake's  *  Eothen,*  Twain's 
'  New  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  *  Purchas  His 
Pilgrimes,*  Adam  Smith's  *  Historical  Geo- 
graphy of  the  Holy  Land,'  Thomson's  *  Land 
and  the  Book,'  Burckhardt's  *  Travels  in 
Sjoria  and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Tien-tsin  (*  Heaven's  ford '),  China.  39N. 
117E.  Besieged  by  Taiping  rebels,  1853  ; 
treaty  signed  with  French  and  Bntish, 
1858 ;  occupied  by  French  and  British, 
i860 ;  foreign  inhabitants  murdered,  1870  ; 
res.  of  Li  Hung-Chang  for  20  years,  1874. 

Tokat,  Asiatic  Turkey.  40N.  37E. 
Severely  damaged  by  earthquake,  1825 ; 
massacre  of  Armenians,  1895. 

Tokio,  Japan.  36N.  140E.  Seat  of 
government  for  Tokugawa  leyasu,  1603  > 
eastern  capital  of  Japan,  1868 ;  opened  to 
foreign  res.,  1869.  (See  Diosy's  *  New  Far 
East,'  McKenzie's  *  From  Tokyo  to  Tiflis.') 

Tomsk,  Siberia.  56N.  85 e.  F.  in  1604 ; 
capital  of  Tomsk.  Contains  university  f.  in 
1888.  (See  Eraser's '  Real  Siberia,'  Tolstoi's 
*  Resurrection.') 

Tortosa,  Syria.  35N.  36E.  Ceded  to 
Templars,  c.  1161 ;  taken  by  Saladin,  1188  ; 
by  Mussulmans,  1291. 

Tottori,  Japan.  36N.  134E.  Visited  by 
Lafcadio  Hearn,  and  described  in  *  Glimpses 
of  Unfamiliar  Japan.' 

Tranquebar,  Madras  iin.  8oe.  Bought 
by  Dutch,  1620;  taken  by  British,  1787; 
sold  to  British,  1845. 

Trebizond  ('  a  table '),  Asiatic  Turkey. 
4 IN.  40E.  F.  by  Greeks  from  Sinope, 
700  B.C. ;  scene  of  Xenophon's  retreat  with 
ten  thousand ;  capital  of  empire  of  Tre- 
bizond under  Alexius  Comnenus,  1204 ; 
taken  by  Mohamaied  II.,  1461. 

Trichinopoli,  Madras,  iin.  79E.  British 
possession,  1801.  Contains  tomb  of  Bishop 
Heber. 


Trichoor,  Madras,  iin.  76E.  Occupied  by 
Hyder  Ali,  1776 ;    by  Tippoo  Sahib,  1789. 

Trincomali,  Ceylon.  9N.  8ie.  Contains 
ruins  of  famous  Temple  of  a  Thousand 
Columns  destroyed  by  Portuguese,  1622. 
Taken  by  storm  by  British,  1795. 

Tripoli,  Syria.  34N.  36E.  Destroyed  by 
earthquakes,  450,  550;  captured  by 
Saracens,  638 ;  by  Crusaders,  who  de- 
stroyed celebrated  Arabian  collection  of 
books,  1109;  by  Egyptians,  1289.  (See 
Volney's  *  Voyage  en  Syrie  et  en  Egypte,* 
Hakluyt's '  Voyages,'  Burckhardt's '  Travels 
in  Syria  and  the  Holy  Land.') 

Troy,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  26E.  Said  to 
have  been  f.  by  Dardanus,  walls  built  by 
Apollo  and  Poseidon;  centre  of  Greek 
legends.  Visited  by  Alexander  the  Great, 
334  B.C. ;  Roman  possession,  189  e.g.  ; 
destroyed  by  Turks,  1306.  (See  Homer's 
'  Iliad,'  Virgil's  '  ^neid,'  Tacitus'  *  Annals,' 
Kinglake's '  Eothen.') 

Tsing-tao,  China.  36N.  120E.  Seized  by 
Germany,  1897. 

Turkestan,  Asiatic  Russia.  44N.  68e. 
Resort  of  pilgrims  to  mosque  of  Hazret- 
Yassavi,  built  by  Tamerlane.  Occupied  by 
Russian  troops,  1864. 

Umarkot,  Sind.  25N.  70E.  Alleged 
to  have  been  f .  by  Umar.     Bp.  of  Akbar. 

Ur,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  Contains  ruins 
of  temple  to  moon-god  Sin.  Frequently 
mentioned  in  Bible,  especially  as  spot  from 
which  Abraham's  father  moved  westward. 

Ura-tyube,  Russian  Turkestan.  4 in.  68e. 
Alleged  to  have  been  f .  by  Cyrus ;  captured 
by  Russians,  1866. 

Urfah,  Asiatic  Turkey.  37N.  39E.  Cap- 
tured by  Seljuk  Turks,  1040 ;  by  Crusaders, 
1097;  by  Mussulmans,  1144.  Ancient 
centre  of  Syrian  learning ;  bp.  of  St. 
Ephraim  Syrus,  and  said  to  have  been  res. 
of  Abraham. 

Urga,  Mongolia.  48N.  io6e.  Sacred  city 
of  Mongols,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Kutuktu, 
deified  Lama.  Contains  famous  temple  of 
Maidar.  (See  Sheepshanks'  *  My  Life  in 
Mongolia  and  Siberia.') 

Urumiyah,  Persian  Armenia.  37N.  45E. 
Alleged  bp.  of  Zoroaster. 

Utakamand,  Madras,  iin.  77E.  Town 
in  which  Sir  R.  Burton  resided,  described 
in  '  Goa  and  the  Blue  Mountains.' 

Utch  ('high  place'),  Punjab.  29N.  71E. 
Contains  fort  built  by  daughter  of  Deo 
Singh.  Captured  by  Mahmud  of  Ghazni, 
1006.  Res.  of  Persian  historian,  Minhaj- 
ud-din. 


Gazetteer 


171 


Van,  Asiatic  Turkey.  38X.  43E.  Alleged 
to  have  been  f.  by  Semiramis;  rebuilt  by 
Van ;  by  Valarsaces,  149  b.c.  ;  taken  by 
Arabs,  c.  640;  by  Osmanlis,  15 14;  by 
Persians,  1636;    by  Kurds,  1845. 

Vellore,  Madras.  13N.  79E.  Said  to  have 
been  f.  by  Bommi  Reddi,  c.  1274  »  besieged 
by  Mahrattas,  1676 ;  taken  by  Daud  Khan, 
1708 ;  Safdar  Ali  murdered  here  by  Murtaza 
Ali,  1742 ;  occupied  by  British,  1760 ;  by 
Hyder  Ali,  1780. 

Vijayanagar  ('  city  of  victory '),  Madras, 
15N.  76E.  F.  in  1336;  contains  celebrated 
ruins,  and  is  famous  as  res.  of  Sayana,  the 
Vedic  commentator. 

Vladivostok,  Asiatic  Russia.  43N.  132E. 
Occupied  by  Russians,  i860 ;  free  port, 
1873;  capital  of  Littoral,  1888.    (See  Fraser's 

*  Real  Siberia,'  Little's  *  Far  East.') 

Wady  Hammanah,  Syria.  34N.  36E. 
Gorge  near  which  Lamartine  lived. 

Wa-fang-kou,  Manchuria.  40N.  122E. 
Russians  upder  General  Stackelberg  con- 
quered by  Japanese,  1904. 

Wakayama,  Japan.  34N.  135E.  Con- 
tains castle  of  princes  of  Kishu,  f.  1850, 
and  near  by  is  temple  of  Kumudera,  said 
to  be  f.  770. 

Wandewash,  Madras.  I2n.  8oe.  Lally- 
Tollendal  defeated  by  Sir  Eyre  Coote   1760. 

Wei-hai-wei,  China.  37N.  122E.  Great 
Chinese  arsenal  established,  1883 ;  seized 
by  Japanese,  1895  ;  leased  to  British,  1898. 
(See  Diosy's  '  New  Far  East.') 

Wi-ju,  Korea.  40N.  125E.  Here  Manchus 
entered  Korea,  1627 ;  Japanese  entered 
Manchuria,    1894,    1904.     (See  McKenzie's 

*  From  Tokyo  to  Tiflis.') 


Wu-chang,  China.  30N.  114E.  Captured 
by  Taiping  rebels,  1853. 

Yakutsk,  Eastern  Siberia.  62N.  130E. 
F.  by  Cossacks,  1632. 

Yalu,  Korea  40N.  125E.  Japanese  under 
Admiral  Ito  defeated  Chinese  fleet  at 
mouth  of  Yalu,  1894 ;  passage  forced  by 
Japanese  during  Russo-Japanese  War,  1904. 
(See  McKenzie's  *  From  Tokyo  to  Tiflis.') 

Yamaguchi,  Japan.  34N,  131E.  Mission 
established  by  St.  Francis  Xavier,  1550, 

Yanbo,  Arabia.  24N.  38E.  Landing- 
place  for  Egyptian  pilgrims.  (See  Burton's 
*  Pilgrimage  to  Al-Madinah  and  Meccah,* 
Burckhardt's  '  Travels  in  Arabia.') 

Yarkand,  Chinese  Turkestan.  38N.  78E. 
Annexed  to  Chinese  Empire,  1757 ;  cap- 
tured by  Dungans,  1864 ;  recaptured  by 
Chinese,  1877.  (See  *  Travels  of  Marco 
Polo.') 

Yokasuka,  Japan.  35N.  140E.  Will 
Adams,  the  English  pilot,  landed  here, 
1600 ;    tomb  in  vicinity  of  town. 

Yokohama,  Japan.  35 n.  140E.  Became 
residential  treaty  port,  1858 ;  totally 
destroyed  by  fire,  1866.  (See  Lafcadio 
Ream's  *  Out  of  the  East '  and  *  Glimpses 
of  Unfamiliar  Japan,'  Kipling's  *  From  Sea 
to  Sea.') 

Zebulon,  Palestine.  33N.  35E.  Men- 
tioned several  times  in  the  Bible;  visited 
by  Lamartine,  1832. 

Zileh,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  36E.  Formerly 
celebrated  for  worship  of  Anaitis.  Here 
Julius  Caesar  defeated  Phamaces,  and 
uttered  famous  words,  *  Veni,  vidi,  vici.* 
(See  Suetonius'  *  De  Vita  CaBsarum,'  I.  37.) 


INDEX 


INDEX 


R.    Bay 

Is. 

Island 

C.    Cape 

L. 

Lake 

G.    Gulf 

Mt. 

Mountain 

LIST    OF    ABBREVIATIONS 

Pk.      Peak 
Pen.    Peninsula 
Pt.       Point 


R.       River 

Str.     Strait 
Vol.    Volcano 


Those  places  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  appear  also  in  the  Gazetteer 

PAGE 

94 

12 

88 


Abakansk,  Siberia.     54N.  92E. 

Abarim  Mts.,  Palestine.     32N.  36E. 

Abashiri,  Japan.     43N.  144E. 

Abazbi,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.    34N.  72E.  58 

Abbottabad,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.    34N. 

73E.  58 

Abdon,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Abel-beth-Maachah,  Pales.     33X.  36E.     12 
Abel  Shittim,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

♦Abila,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Abistadah,  Lake,  Afghanistan.   33N.  68e.  58 

*Abohar,  Punjab.     30N.  74E.  58 

Aboo  Mt.,  Rajputana.     25N.  73E.  59 

Abra  River,  Philippine  Is.     iSn.  120E.   77 
Abreojos,  East  Indies.     23N.  130E.  75 

Abring,  Kashmir.     34N.  77E.  58 

Abu  Arish,  Arabia.     17N.  43E.  44 

Accho,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Achin  Prov.,  East  Indies.     5N.  96E.         74 
Achzib,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Actinia  Haven,  Siberia.     76N.  98E.  94 

♦Adalia,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  31E.  46 

Adalia,  Gulf  of,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  31E.   46 

63 
63 
46 

44 
75 
59 
59 
47 
62 
12 
12 
67 
46 
6i 
89 
59 
75 
76 

56 
57 
59 
59 
47 
47 
46 


Adam's  Bridge,  Ceylon.     9N.  80E. 
•Adam's  Peak,  Ceylon.     7n.  8oe. 

Adana,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  36E. 
♦Aden,  Arabia.     13N.  45E. 

Adi  Is.,  East  Indies.     5s.  134E. 

Adipar,  Rajputana.     29N.  74E. 

Adipur,  Rajputana.     28N.  75E. 

Adiyaman,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  38E. 
♦Adoni,  Madras.     i6n.  77E. 

Adoraim,  Palestine.     32N.  35E 

Adullam,  Palestine.     32N.  35E. 

Aeng  Pass,  Burma.     20N.  94E. 

Afioom,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  30E. 

AgartuUa,  Bengal.     24N.  91E. 

Agincourt  Is.,  China.     26N.  122E. 
*Agra,  United  Provs.     27N.  78E. 

Agrigan,  East  Indies.     19N.  145E. 

Agung,  Mt.,  Bali.     8s.  ii6e. 
*Ahmadabad,  Bombay.     23N.  73E. 
^Ahmadnagar,  Bombay.     19N.  75E. 

Ahmadpur,  Punjab.     29N.  71E. 

Ahmudpur,  Punjab.     28N.  70E. 

Ahor,  Persia.     39N.  47E. 

Ahwaz,  Persia.     3 in.  49E. 

Aidln,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  28E. 


PAGE 

Aikawa,  Japan.     38N.  138E,  88 

Aintab,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  37E.  46 

Ai-shan,  China.     38N.  12 ie.  83 

Aivalik,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  27K.  46 

Ajalon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Ajer  Itam  Bay,  Borneo.     3s.  hie.  76 

Ajigasawa,  Japan.     4 in.  140E.  88 

♦Ajmere,  Rajputana.     27N.  75E.  59 

Akaba,  Arabia.     30N.  35E.  44 

Akanogawa,  Japan.     37N.  139E.  91 

Akaoka,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Akaogi,  Japan.     31N.  131E.  89 

♦Akashi,  Japan.     35N.  135E,  91 

Akcha,  Afghanistan.     37N.  66e.  45 

Ak  Dagh,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  30E.  46 

Ak  Dagh,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  30E  46 

Akhissar,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  28E.  46 

Akhlat,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39 n.  42E.  47 

Aki,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

Akita,  Japan.     40N.  140E.  88 

Akkeshi,  Japan.     43N.  145E.  88 

Akkeshi  Bay,  Japan.     43N    145E.  88 

Ako,  Formosa.    22N.  12  ie.  89 

Ako,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 

Akola,  Berar.     2 in.  77E.  60 

Akote,  Berar.     2 in.  77E.  60 

Akserai,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  34  ■.  46 

Akshehr,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  31E.  46 

Aktan,  Asiatic  Russia.     48N.  72E.  94 

Ak  Tepe,  Turkestan.     36N.  62E.  45 

Akumi-Shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     27  .  127E.  89 

Akune,  Japan.     32N.  130E.  89 

Alcuseki  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Is.     30N.  130E.  89 

Akyab,  Burma.     20N.  93E.  67 

Alabat,  Philippine  Islands.     14N.  122E.  jy 

Alacham,  Asia  Minor.     42N.  36E.  46 

Ala  Dagh,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  33E.  46 
Aladana,  S.,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     35 n. 

72E  58 

Ala  Kul,  Asiatic  Russia.     46N.  82E.  94 

Alamaguan,  East  Indies.     i8n.  145E.  75 

Ala  Shan,  Inner  Mongolia.     38N.  io6e.  82 

Alaya,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  32E.  46 

Alaykan,  Burma.     20N.  95E.  67 

Alazeisk  Mts.,  Siberia.     67N.  150E.  95 

Alazeisk  River,  Siberia.     71  n.  154E.  95 

Albay,  Philippine  Islands.     13N.  124E  77 

Albistan,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  37E.  46 


/ 


17s 


176 


Index 


PAGE 

Aldan,  River,  Siberia.     6on.  135E.  95 

Aldansk,  Siberia.     62N.  134E.  95 

•Aleppo,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  37E.  46 

Aleppy,  Madras,  ion.  76E.  63 
Alexandretta,  Turkey  in  x\sia.     37N.  36E.  46 

Alfonso  XII.,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  121E.  yj 

Alibagh,  Bombay.     19N.  73E.  57 

•Aligarh,  United  Provs.     28N.  78E.  59 

Ali  Khel,  Afghanistan.  34N.  70E.  58 
Alingar  River,  Afghanistan.     35N.  70E.  58 

Aliwal,  Punjab.     3 in.  75E.  58 

Allahabad,  N.W.  Provs.     26N.  f2E.  60 

Allahabad,  Punjab.     29N.  71E.  59 

♦Allahabad,  United  Provs.     25N.  82E.  60 

•Allah  Shehr,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  29E.  46 

Allanmyo,  Burma.     19N.  95E.  67 

Alias  Strait,  East  Indies.     9s.  ii6e.  74 

Almora,  United  Provs.     30N.  8oe.  60 

Alon,  Burma.     22N.  95E.  67 

Alor  Star,  Malay  Pen.     6n,  iooe.  68 

Alupu  Cape,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  28E.  46 

Alutgama,  Ceylbn.     7n.  8oe.  63 

Alwar,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E.  59 

Alwye  River,  Madras,     ion.  76E.  63 

Amadnagar,  Bombay.     24N.  73E,  56 

Amaga,  River,  Siberia.     62N.  134E.  95 

Amakusa  Nada,  Japan.     33N.  130E.  89 

Amakusashima,  Japan.     32N.  130E.  89 

Amallapuram,  Madras.     17N.  82E.  62 

Amalner,  Bombay.     21N.  75E.  56 

Amamioshima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     29N.  129E.  89 

•Amarapura,  Burma.     22N.  96E.  67 

Amarpur,  Nepal.     27N.  87E.  61 

•Amasia,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  36E.  46 

Amathus,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  13 

Ambala,  Punjab.     30N.  77E.  58 

Ambgaon,  Central  Provs.     20N.  8oe.  60 

Ambir,  Rajputana.  27N.  76E.  59 
Amblan,  Philippine  Islands.     9N.  123E.  77 

Amboina,  East  Indies,     4s.  128E.  75 

Amherst,  Burma.     i6n.  98E.  67 

Amjerah,  Central  India.     23N.  75E.  56 

Ammon,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

•Amoy,  China.     24N.  ii8e  85 

Ampani,  Madras.     20N.  83E.  62 

Arapenam,  East  Indies.     8s.  ii6e.  74 

Amraoti,  Berar.     2 in.  78E.  60 

Amreeli,  Bombay.     22N.  71E.  56 

•Amritsar,  Punjal).     32N.  75E.  58 

♦Amroha,  United  Provs.     29N.  78E.  60 

Amur,  Siberia.     52N.  132E.  95 

Amurang,  East  Indies,     in.  124E.  75 

Amur,  Gulf  of,  Siberia.     54N.  142E.  95 

Amur,  River,  Siberia.     53N.  141E.  95 

Anadirsk,  Siberia.     65  n.  i68e.  95 

Anadyr,  Siberia.     67N.  176E.  95 

Anadyr,  Gulf  of,  Siberia.     64N.  176W  95 

Anadyr,  River,  Siberia.     65N.  176W.  95 


PAGE 

Anah,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  42E.  47 

Anakara  Chattram,  Madras,     iin.  8oe.  63 

Anakkangean  Is.,  E.  Indies.     7s.  ii6e,  76 

Anamalli  Mt.,  Madras,     ion.  77E.  63 

Anamba  Is.,  East  Indies.     3N.  io6e.  74 

Anambar,  Baluchistan.     30N.  69E.  58 

Anamur  Cape,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  33E  46 

Anand,  Bombay.     23N.  73E.  56 

•Anantapur,  Madras.     15N.  78E.  62 

Anaphi,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  26E.  46 

Anatayan,  East  Indies.     i6n.  145E.  75 

Anathoth,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Anatolia,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  29E.  46 

Anchorite  Is.,  East  Indies,     o.  145E.  75 

Andidshan,  Turkestan.     4 in.  72E.  45 

Andjar,  Bombay.     23N.  70E.  56 

Andkhui,  Afghanistan.     37N.  65E.  45 

An-dong,  Korea.     36N.  128E.  90 

Andrene,  Turkey  in  Asia.     35N.  37E.  46 

•Aneysa,  Arabia.     26N.  45E.  44 

Angara,  River,  Siberia.     56N,  iioe.  94 

Ang  Bay,  Indo-China.     i8n.  io6e.  70 

Anger,  Java.     6s.  io6e.  76 

Angirtu  Nor,  Mongolia.     43N.  115E.  83 

•Angkor,  Indo-China.     13N.  104E.  71 

•Angora,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  33E.  46 

Angora,  River,  Siberia.     56N.  103E.  94 

Angul,  Bengal.     21N.  85E.  60 

Anguli  Nor,  China.     42N.  115E.  83 

•Anjengo,  Madras.     9N.  77E.  63 

Anjer,  East  Indies.     6s.  io6e.  74 

An-ju,  Korea.     40N.  126E.  90 

Ankkswar,  Bombay.     22N.  73E.  56 

Ankola,  Bombay.     15N.  74E.  57 

Ankula,  Siberia.     62N.  109E.  94 

An-min-do,  Korea.     36N.  126E.  90 

Annam,  Indo-China.     17N.  107E.  71 

Annie  Florence  Reef,  E.  Indies.  5s.  113E.  76 

Anopgarh,  Rajputana.     29N.  73E.  59 

Anor  Aeng,  Burma.     20N.  94E.  67 

An-ping,  Formosa.     23N,  120E.  89 

An-shan-chan,  Manchuria.     4 in.  123E.  90 

Anson,  East  Indies.     13N.  141E.  75 

Antakia,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  36E.  46 1 

•Antioch,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  36E.  46 

Antipatris,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Anti  Taurus,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  37E.  46 

•An-tung,  Manchuria.     40N.  125E.  90 

Anuradhapura,  Ceylon.     8n.  8oe.  63 

Aomori,  Japan.     41N.  141E.  88 

Aparri,  Philippine  Islands.     i8n.  122E.  jy 

Aphek,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

Apollonia,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Apo  Vol,  Philippine  Islands.     7n.  125E.  yj 

Arab,  Palestine.     31N.  35E.  12 

Arabi,  Turkey  in  Asia.     32N.  45E.  47 

Arabkir,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  39E.  47 

Arad,  Palestine.     31N.  35E.  12 


Index 


177 


PAGE 

Arafura  Sea,  East  Indies.     los.  135E.  75 

Aral,  Japan.  35N.  138E.  91 
Arakan  Hill  Tracts,  Burma.  2 in.  93E.  67 
Arakan  Yoma  Mts.,  Burma.     2 in.  94E.  dy 

*Arantangi,  Madras,     ion.  79E.  63 

Ararat,  Mt,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  44E.  47 

Aras  River,  Persia.     40N.  48E.  47 

Aravalli  Mts.,  Rajputana.     26N.  74E.  59 

Arconum,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

*Arcot,  Madras.     13N.  79E.  63 

Ardabil,  Persia.     38N.  48E.  47 

Ardilan,  Persia.     36N.  47E.  47 

Ardinga,  Madras.     i6n.  8oe.  62 

Arends  Is.,  East  Indies.  5s.  115E.  76 
Argaeus  Mount,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  35E.  46 

Argun,  River,  Siberia.     53N.  12 ie.  95 

Ariakeno-ura,  Japan.     31N.  131E.  89 

Arimathea,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Aripo,  Ceylon.     9N,  8oe.  63 

Arjesh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  43E.  47 

Armenia,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  42E.  47 

Aroer,  Palestine.     31N.  35E.  12 

*Arrah,  Bengal.     26N.  85E.  60 

Arrank,  Siam.     13N.  103E.  71 

Arrogant  Reef,  E.  Indies.     5s.  113E.  76 

Aru  Island,  East  Indies.     6s.  135E.  75 

Arut,  PUver,  Borneo.     3s.  iiie.  76 

Arwapalli,  Haidarabad.     17N.  79E.  62 

Asakusa  Ya,  Japan.     37N.  139E.  91 

Asania  Ya,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Ascalon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Ashan,  Inner  Mongolia.     4 in.  io8e.  82 

*Ashdod,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Ashe-ho,  Manchuria.     46N.  127E.  90 

Asher,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Asheri,  Bombay.     20N.  73E.  57 

Ashtagram,  Mysore,     13N.  76E.  63 

Ashtaroth,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Asir,  Arabia.     20N.  43E.  44 

Aska,  Madras.     20N.  85E.  62 

Askabad,  Turkestan.     37N.  58E.  45 

*Askelon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Asoh,  Bay,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  103E.  69 

*Assaye,  Haidarabad.     20N.  76E.  62 

Astara,  Persia.     39N.  49E.  47 

Astor,  Kashmir.     35N.  75E.  58 

Astrabad,  Persia.     37N.  55E.  45 

Astropalia,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  27E.  46 

Asuncion,  East  Indies.     20N.  145E.  75 

Atbasarsk,  Asiatic  Russia.     52N.  68e.  94 

Atgyn-aila,  Mongolia.     43N.  ii6e.  83 

*Athni,  Bombay.     17N.  75  e.  57 

Atrek  River,  Persia.     37N.  54E.  45 

Atsuta,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

*Attock,  Punjab.     34N.  72E.  58 

Atto-pen,  Indo-China.     15N.  107E.  70 

Atur,  Madras.     i2n.  79E.  63 

Auckland,  Mount,  Korea.     33N.  127E.  90 


PAGE 

Aurora  Bk.,  East  Indies.     5s.  117E.  76 

Aurangabad,  Haidarabad.     20N.  75E.  62 

♦Aurungabad,  Bengal.     26N.  90E.  61 

Ausa,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  76E.  62 

Auwuradah,  Madras.     i8n.  83E.  62 

*Ava,  Burma.     22N.  96E.  67 

Ava,  Persia.     36N.  49E.  47 

Avanashi,  Madras.     11  n.  77E.  63 

Avid  River,  East  Indies.     7s.  144E.  75 

Awa,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Awa,  Japan.     35N.  140E.  91 

Awah,  Persia.     35 n.  50E.  47 

Awaji  Sa.,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Awoshima  Island,  Japan.     38N.  139E.  88 

Ayabe,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

•Ayuthia,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  yx 

Azamgurh,  United  Provs.     26N.  83E.  60 

Azekah,  Palestine,     32N.  35E.  12 

Azerbijan,  Persia.     38N.  46E.  47 

Aziz,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  38E.  47 

Azotus,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Baal  Hazor,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Baal-meon,  Palestine.     32N  36E.  12 

Bk-an-susu,  Manchuria.     46N.  130E.  90 

Baba,  East  Indies.  7s.  130E.  75 
Bab-el-Mandeb,  Strait  of,  Arabia.    13N. 

43E.  44 

Babelthuap,  East  Indies.  8n.  135E.  75 
Baburgan  Claro,  Philippine  Is.  20N.  122E.  yj 
Baburgan  Is.,  Philippine  Is.  19N.  122E.  yj 
Babuyanes  Is.,  East  Indies.     20N.  12 ie.  74 

♦Babylon,  Turkey  in  Asia.     33N.  45E.  47 

Bachian,  East  Indies,     is,  126E.  75 

Bac-lieu,  Indo-China.     9N.  io6e.  71 

Bacninh,  Indo-China.  2 in.  io6e.  70 
Bacolor,  Philippine  Islands.  15N.  12  ie.  yy 
Bacolot,  Philippine  Islands,     iin.  123E.  yy 

Bactrang,  Indo-China.     ion.  io6e.  71 

Badakhshan,  Afghanistan.     37N.  70E.  45 

Badina,  Rajputana.     28N.  74E.  59  . 

Badjistan,  Persia.     34N.  59E.  45 

Badmur,  Central  Provs.     22N.  78E.  60 

*Badnera,  Berar.     2 in.  78E.  60 

Badwelu,  Madras.     15 n,  79E.  62 

Bafira,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  36E.  46 

Bagan,  Sumatra.     2N.  iooe.  69 

Bagan  Api  Api,  Sumatra.     2n.  ioie.  69 

Baganga,  Philippine  Islands.     7n.  127E.  yy 

Bagh,  Baluchistan.     29N.  68e.  59 

♦Baghdad,  Turkey  in  Asia.     33N.  44E.  47 

Bagu,  Rajputana.     27N.  73E.  59 

Bahawalpur,  Punjab.     29N.  72E.  59 

♦Bahera,  Punjab.     33N.  73E.  58 

♦Bahraich,  United  Provs.     28N.  82E.  60 

Bahranghat,  United  Provs.     27N.  82E.  60 

Bahrein  Island,  Arabia.     26N.  51E.  45 

Bahr  el  Benat  Is.,  Arabia.     25N.  53E.  45 


178 


Index 


PAGE 

Baiburt,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  40E.  47 

Baik  Peninsula,  East  Indies.     4s.  133E.  75 

Baikal,  Lake,  Siberia.     54N.  io8e.  94 

Baikal  Mts.,  Siberia.  53N.  io8e.  94 
Bain-tuchum,     Inner     Mongolia.     4  in. 

105E.  82 

Bairag,  Bengal.     27N.  85E.  60 

Baithulwaddi,  Haidarabad,     20N.  75E.  62 

Bakargang,  Bengal.     22N.  90E.  61 

Bakau  Mt.,  Malay  Pen.     4N.  103E.  68 

Bake,  Cape,  Indo-China.     iin.  io8e.  71 

Bakhasar,  Sind.     25N.  71E.  59 

Bakhta  River,  Siberia.     63 n.  89E.  94 

Balabac,  Philippine  Islands.     8n.  117E.  TJ 

Balabac  Is.,  Philippine  Is.  8n.  117E.  Tj 
Balabac  Strait,  N.,  Philippine  Is.     8n. 

117E.  yy 

Balagansk,  Siberia.     55N.  103E.  94 

Balaghat,  Central  Provs.     22 n.  8oe.  60 

Bala  Murghab,  Afghanistan.     36N.  63E.  45 

Balanga,  Philippine  Is.     15N.  120E.  "jj 

Balangiungui,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  122E.  yy 

Balante,  East  Indies,     is.  124E.  75 

Balasinur,  Bombay.     23N.  73E.  56 

Balasor,  Bengal.  22N.  87E.  61 
Balayan,  Philippine  Islands.     14N.  12  ie.  77 

Baler,  Pliilippine  Islands.     i6n.  122E.  yy 

Balfrush,  Persia.     36N.  53E.  45 

Bali,  East  Indies.     9s.  115E.  74 

Baliari,  Sind,     24N.  70E.  59 

Balikesri,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  28E.  46 

Baling,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  ioie.  68 

Balipara,  Assam.     27N.  93E.  67 

Balipura,  Assam.     27N.  93E.  61 

Bali  Strait,  Java.     8s.  114E.  76 

Balkash,  Lake,  As.  Russia.     46N.  75E.  94 

*Balkh,  Afghanistan.     37N.  67E.  45 

Balkondah,  Haidarabad.     19N.  78E.  62 

Ballia,  United  Provs.     26N.  84E.  60 

Balloah,  Bengal.     23N.  91E.  61 

Balotra,  Rajputana.     26N.  72E.  59 

Baltistan,  Kashmir.     35 n.  76E.  58 

Balut,  Philippine  Islands.     5N.  125E.  yy 

Bam,  Persia.     29N.  58E.  45 

Bamanwas,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E.  59 

Bami,  Turkestan,     38N.  56E.  45 

Bampton  Reef,  E.  Indies.     5s.  115E.  76 

Bampur,  Persia.     27N.  60E.  45 

Ban,  Malay  Peninsula,     ion.  99E.  71 

Banaganapalli,  Madras.     15  n,  78E.  62 

Banam,  Indo-China.     i2n.  105E.  yi 

B£inas  River,  Rajputana.     26N.  77E.  59 

Ban-buri,  Indo-China.     13N.  103E.  71 

Banchar,  Java.     7s.  112E.  76 

Banda,  N.W.  Provinces.     26N.  80E.  60 

Banda  Island,  East  Indies.     5s.  128E.  75 

Banda  Sea,  East  Indies.     5s.  126E.  75 

Bandai  San,  Japan.     38N.  140E.  91 


PAGE 

Bandar,  Malay  Peninsula.     3N.  ioie.  69 

Bandarawela,  Ceylon.     7n.  8ie.  63 
Bandar  Maharami,  Malay  Pen.  2n.  103E.  69 

*Bander  Abbas,  Persia.     27N.  56E.  45 

Bandikui,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E.  59 

Bandon,  Malay  Peninsula.     9N.  looE.  71 

Bandon  Bight,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  77E.  71 

Bandra  Las,  Sind.     24N.  70E.  59 

Bandung,  Java.     7s.  io8e.  76 

*Bangalore,  Mysore.     13N,  78E,  63 

Bangaya  Is.,  East  Indies.     2s.  122E.  74 

Bangkalan,  Java,     7s.  113E,  76 

Bangkalis,  East  Indies.     2n.  io2E.  74 

*Bangkok,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  71 

Bang-pa-kong,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  71 

Bang-pla-soi,  Siam.     13N,  ioie.  71 

Bang-pra,  Siam.     13N.  ioie.  71 

Bangsdara  River,  Madras.     i8n.  84E.  62 

Bang-son,  Indo-China.     14N.  109E.  71 

Bang  Tapan,  Malay  Pen.     iin.  iooe.  71 

Banjermassin,  East  Indies.     4s.  115E.  74 

Banjumas,  Java.     8s.  109E.  76 

Banjuwangi,  Java.     8s.  114E.  76 

Banka  Island,  East  Indies.     3s.  io6e.  74 

Banki,  Bengal.     20N.  86e.  60 

Banket,  Bombay.     i8n.  73E.  57 

Bankura,  Bengal.     23N.  87E.  61 

Ban-muk,  Siam.     i6n.  105E.  70 

Bannu,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.    33N.  70E,  58 

Ban-pao,  Siam.     i6n.  iooe.  70 

Bansda,  Bombay.     2 in.  73E.  56 

*Bantam,  Java.     6s.  io6e.  76 

Bantam,  Cape,  Indo-China,    i6n,  109E.  70 

Banton,  Philippine  Is.     13N.  122E.  yy 

Bantwal,  Madras.     13N.  75E.  63 

Banyumas,  East  Indies.     7s.  109E.  74 

Banyuwangi,  East  Indies.     8s.  114E.  74 

Baotsir,  Rajputana.     29N.  75E.  59 

Bap,  Rajputana.     27N.  72E.  59 

Bap-nom,  Indo-China.     iin.  105E.  71 

Baquba,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  45E.  47 

Baragua  Point,  Burma.     i6n.  95E.  67 

Barak  River,  Assam.     25 n.  92E.  61 

Barakar,  Bengal.     24N.  87E.  61 

Baran,  Rajputana.     25 n.  76E.  59 

*Bardwan,  Bengal.     23N.  88e.  61 

*Bareilly,  United  Provs.     28N.  79E.  60 

Barguzinsk,  Siberia.     54N.  iioe.  94 

Baria,  Indo-China.     ion.  io7e.  71 

Bari  Doab  Canal,  Punjab.     3 in.  74E.  58 

Barin,  Mongolia.     43N.  ii8e.  83 

Barisal,  Bengal.     23N.  90E.  61 

Barito  River,  East  Indies.     2s.  115E.  74 

Barkur,  Madras.     14N.  75E.  63 

Barmer,  Rajputana.     26N.  71E.  59 

Barnaul,  Siberia.     54N.  83E.  94 

*Baroda,  Bombay.     22N.  73E.  56 

Barongan,  Philippine  Is.     12N.  125E.  yy 


Index 


179 


PAGE 

♦Barrackpur,  Bengal.     23N.  88e.  61 

Barren  Island,  Korea.     35N.  126E.  90 

Barsi,  Bombay.     i8n.  76E.  57 

Bartan,  Asia  Minor.     42N.  32E.  46 

Barung  Island,  Java.     8s.  113E.  76 

*Barwani,  Central  India.  22N.  75E.  56 
Bashi  Channel,  East  Indies.     2 in.  123E.  74 

Bashi  Island,  East  Indies.     20N.  12  ie.  74 

Basllan,  Philippine  Islands.     6n.  122E.  yj 

Basilan  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  122E.  yy 

Basilan  Str.,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  122E.  yy 

Basim,  Berar.     20N.  77E.  57 

Bassak,  Indo-China.     15N.  io6e.  71 

*Bassein,  Bombay.     19N.  73E.  57 

Bassein,  Burma.     17N.  95 r..  67 

Bassein  River,  Burma.     i6n.  94E.  67 

Basses,  Great,  Ceylon.     6n.  8ie.  63 

Basses,  Little,  Ceylon,     6n.  82E.  63 

Bassia,  Bengal,     23N.  85E.  60 

Basta,  Turkey  in  Asia.     3 in,  48E.  47 

Bastar,  Central  Provs.     19N.  8ie.  60 

Basti,  United  Provinces.     27N,  83E.  60 

Bastion,  Cape,  China.     i8n.  iioe.  84 

Batag,  Philippine  Islands.     13N.  125E.  yy 

♦Batala,  Punjab.     32N.  75E.  58 

Batam  Is.,  Str.  of  Singapore,    in.  104E.  69 

Batangan,  Cape,  Indo-China.    15N.  109E.  70 

Batangas,  Philippine  Is.     14N.  12  IE,  yy 

♦Batavia,  Java,     6s.  107E.  76 

Bathinda,  Punjab.     30N.  75E.  58 

Batil  Mt.,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  103E.  68 

Battambang,  Indo-China.     13N.  103E.  71 

Batticalva,  Ceylon.     8n.  82E.  63 

Batu,  East  Indies.     4N.  96E.  74 

Batu  Bar,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  103E.  69 

Batu  Island,  East  Indies,     o.  98E.  74 

Batu  Pahat,  Malay  Pen.     2n.  103E.  69 

Batur,  Mount,  Bali.     8s.  ii6e.  76 

Baun  River,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E.  59 

Bawean  Is,,  East  Indies.     6s,  113E.  76 

Bay  Lake,  Philippine  Is,     14N.  12  ie.  77 

Bayan  Aulsk,  As.  Russia.     5 in.  76E.  94 

Bayan-Mu,  Manchuria.     46N.  128E.  90 

Bayan-su-su,  Manchuria.     46N.  127E.  90 

Bayard,  Fort,  China.     21N.  iioe.  84 

Bayas,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  36E.  46 

♦Bayazid,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  44E.  47 

Bear  Island,  Siberia.     7 in.  164E.  95 

Beawar,  Rajputana.     26N.  74E.  59 

Beayan,  Philippine  Islands.     7n.  124E.  yy 

Beeroth,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

*Beer-Sheba,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

Begum,  Rajputana.     25N.  75E.  59 

♦Behar,  Bengal.     25N.  86e.  60 

Behesni,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  38E.  47 

Bei  D.,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  31E.  46 

Beibasar,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  32E.  46 

Beishehr,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  32E.  46 


PAGE 

Beitarki  River,  Bengal.     21N.  87E.  61 

Beji  River,  Baluchistan.     30N.  68e.  58 

Bekal,  Madras.     i2n.  75E.  63 

Bekok,  Malay  Peninsula,     2n.  103E.  69 

*Bela,  Baluchistan,     26N,  66e,  45 

♦Belgaum,  Bombay,     i6n,  75E.  57 

♦Bellary,  Madras,     15  n,  77E,  62 

Belloor,  Mysore.     13N.  77E.  63 

*Benares,  N.W.  Provinces.     25N.  83E.  60 

Bendamurlanka,  Madras.     i6n,  82E.  62 

Bengal,  Bay  of,  Bengal.     i8n.  90E.  67 

*Bencoolen,  East  Indies.     4s.  102E,  74 

Bengawanior,  Java.     7s.  112E,  76 

Bengkalis,  Malacca  Strait,     2N.  io2E.  69 

Beni,  Rajputana.     29N.  75E.  59 

Bennet  Land,  Siberia.     76N,  148E.  95 

Bentinck  Island,  Burma.     i2n,  98E.  71 

Bentong  River,  Malay  Pen,     3N,  102E.  69 

Bera  River,  Malay  Peninsula,    3N,  102E.  69 

Berba  River,  Malay  Pen.     3N,  103E,  69 

Berembun,  Malay  Peninsula,     3N.  103E.  69 

♦Berezov,  Siberia.     64N.  65E.  94 

*Berghama,  Asia  Minor.     39  n.  27E.  46 

*Berhampur,  Madras,     19N,  85E,  62 

Bering  Strait,  Siberia,     68n,  172W,  95 

Berlin  Harbour,  East  Indies,     3s,  142E,  75 

Bernam  River,  Malay  Pen.     4N.  ioie.  69 

Bern,  Rajputana.     27N.  72E.  59 

Besar,  Bawean.     6s.  113E.  76 

Besar  Mt,  Malay  Peninsula,     5N,  ioie.  68 

Besuki,  Java.     8s.  114E.  76 

Besut,  River,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  103E.  68 

Bethabara,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

*Bethany,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Beth-arbel,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Beth  Dagon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

*Bethel,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Beth  Haran,  Palestine.     32 n.  36E.  12 

*Beth-horon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Beth  Jeshimoth,  Palestine.     32 n.  36E.  12 

♦Bethlehem,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

*Bethlehem,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Beth-Nimrah,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Bethsaida,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Bethshan,  Palestine,     32N.  35E.  12 

Beth  Shemesh,  Palestine,     32 n,  35E.  12 

Beth  Tappuah,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Bethzur,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Betowa  R.,  Central  India.     26N.  80E.  60 

Bettia,  Bengal.     27N.  84E.  60 

Betul,  Central  Provinces.     22 n,  78E.  60 

Beypoor  River,  Madras,     iin.  76E.  63 

Beypur,  Madras,     iin.  76E.  63 

Beyt,  Bombay.     22N.  69E.  56 

Bezek,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Bezwada,  Madras,     i6n.  8ie.  62 

Bhadar,  Bombay.     22N.  70E.  56 

Bhadarwa,  Kashmir.     33N.  76E.  58 


i8o 


Index 


PAGE 

Bhadrachalam,  Madras.     i8n.  8ie.  62 

♦Bhagalpur,  Bengal.     25N.  87E.  6i 

Bhakar,  Punjab.     32N.  71E.  58 

Bhamo,  Burma,     24N.  97E.  67 

Bhandara,  Central  Provs.     2 in.  Soe.  60 

*Bhartpur,  Rajputana.     27N.  78E.  59 

*Bhatner,  Punjab.     30N.  74E.  58 

Bhawalgarh,  Punjab.     30N.  73E.  58 

Bhawani  River,  Madras.     12  n.  78E.  63 

♦Bhilsa,  Rajputana.     24N.  78E.  60 

Bhima  River,  Haidarabad.     i6n.  77E.  62 

Bhind  River,  United  Provs.     26N.  79E.  60 

Bhir,  Haidarabad.     19N.  76E.  62 

Bhiwani,  Punjab.     29N.  76E.  59 

Bhopal,  Central  India.     23N.  78E.  60 

Bhor,  Bombay.     i8n,  74E.  57 

Bhor  Ghat,  Bombay.     19N.  73E.  57 

*Bhuj,  Bombay.     23 n.  70E.  56 

Bhusawal,  Bombay.     2 in.  76E.  56 

Biak,  East  Indies,     is.  136E.  75 

Bias  Bay,  China.     22N.  115E.  85 

Bias  River,  Punjab.     31N.  75E.  58 

Bichiu,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

*Bidar,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78E.  62 

Bien  Ho,  Indo-China.     13N.  104E.  71 

Bien-hoa,  Indo-China.     iin.  107E.  71 

Bien-son  Is.,  Indo-China.     19N.  io6e.  70 

Bigha,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  27E.  46 

Bihac,  Punjab,     30N.  74E.  58 

*Bijapur,  Bombay.     17N.  76E.  57 

Bijapur,  Nepal.     27N.  88e,  61 

Bijnaur,  United  Provs.     29N.  78E.  60 

Bijowar,  Central  India.     24N.  79E.  60 

Bikampur,  Rajputana.     28N.  72E.  59 

Bikaner,  Rajputana,     28N.  73E.  59 

Bikna  Thori,  United  Provs,     28N.  84E.  60 

Bila  River,  Sumatra.     2n.  iooe.  69 

Bilaspur,  Central  Provs.     22N.  82E.  60 

Bilgi,  Bombay.     14N.  75E.  57 

Bilin,  Burma.     17N.  97E.  67 

Billiton,  East  Indies.     3s.  107E.  74 

Bimi,  East  Indies,     8s,  119E.  74 

*Bimlipatam,  Madras.     i8n.  83E.  62 

Bingat,  East  Indies,     is.  102E.  74 

Bingo,  Japan.  35N.  133E.  91 
Bingol  Dagh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  42E.  47 

Binh-dinh,  Indo-China.     14N.  109E.  71 

Binh  Thuan,  Indo-China.     iin.  109E.  71 

Bintula,  East  Indies.  3N.  113E.  74 
Bink-kang  Bay,  Indo-China.  I2N.  109E.  71 
Bintang  Is.,  Str.  of  Singapore,    in.  104E.  69 

Bird  Island,  East  Indies.     i6n.  145E.  75 

Birejik,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  38E.  47 

Birjand,  Persia.     33N.  59E.  45 

Birsilpur,  Rajputana.     28N,  72E.  59 

Biru,  Japan.     42N.  143E.  88 

Birur,  Mysore.     14N.  76E.  63 

Birwi,  Rajputana.     28N.  74E.  59 


PAGE 

Bisa,  Burma.     27N.  96E.  67 

Bisalnagar,  Bombay.     24N.  73E.  56 

Bishnapur,  Bengal.     23N.  87E.  61 

Bislig,  Philippine  Islands.     8n.  126E.  Tj 
Bismarck  Archipelago,  East  Indies.     3s. 

148E.  75 

*Bitlis,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  42E.  47 
Bitul  River,  Malay  Peninsula.     3N.  102E.  69 

Biwa  Kg,  Japan.     35  n.  136E.  91 

Bizen,  Japan.     35  n.  134E.  91 
Black  Mts.,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.    35 n. 

73E.  58 

Black  River,  Indo-China.     21N.  105E.  70 

Black  Sea.     43N  31E.  46 

Blagovehansk,  Siberia.     50N.  127E.  95 

Blambangan  Pen.,  Java.     9s.  114E.  76 

Blimbing  Mountains.     5N.  102E.  68 

Blitar,  Java.     8s.  112E.  76 

Blonde  Island,  Manchuria.     39N.  123E.  90 

Blora,  Java.     7s.  hie.  76 

Blue  Mountains,  Assam.     23N.  93E.  67 

Bluff  Point,  Burma.     i8n.  94E.  67 

Blumut,  Great,  Malay  Pen.     2n.  104E.  69 

Boa-lam,  China.     22N.  107E.  84 

Boath,  Haidarabad.     19N.  78E.  62 

Bod,  Bengal.     2 in.  84E.  60 

*Bodinayakkanur,  Madras,     ion.  77E.  63 

Bodune,  Manchuria.     45  n.  125E.  90 

Boelang  Besar,  Malacca  Str.     in.  104E.  69 

Bogeador  C,  Philippine  Is.     i8n.  121E.  77 

Bogra,  Bengal.     25N.  89E.  61 

Boguchansk,  Siberia.     58N.  98E.  94 

Bohol,  Philippine  Islands,     ion.  124E.  yj 

Bokan,  Afghanistan.     34N.  68e.  58 

•Bokhara,  Bokhara.     40N.  65E.  45 

Bokie,  Burma.     22N.  93E.  67 

Bojeador  C,  East  Indies.     19N.  120E.  74 
Bolan     Junction,    Baluchistan.       30N. 

68e.  58 

Bolan  Pass,  Baluchistan.     30N,  67E.  58 

Bolio,  East  Indies.     6s.  124E.  75 

Boloven,  Indo-China,     15N.  107E.  70 

Bolsheretsk,  Siberia.     53N.  157E.  95 

Boly,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  31E.  46 

*Bombay,  Bombay.     19N.  73E.  57 

Bo-mu,  Inner  Mongolia.     39N.  107E.  82 

Bongon,  East  Indies.     7n.  ii6e.  74 

Boni,  East  Indies.     5s.  120E.  74 

Bontaeng,  East  Indies.     6s.  120E.  74 

Bookit  Duri,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  103E,  69 

Bookit  Sablah,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  ioie.  68 

Bookit  Serudom,  Malay  Pen.     4N.  103E.  69 

Bookit  Tung,  Malay  Pen.     7n.  ioie.  68 

Boompjes  Is.,  East  Indies.     6s.  io8e.  76 

Boreyda,  Arabia.     27N.  45E.  44 

Borikan,  Indo-China.     19N.  104E.  70 

Borneo,  East  Indies,     o.  113E.  74 

Borneo,  British  N.,  E.  Indies.     6n.  ii6e.  74 


Index 


i8i 


PAGE 

Borobalgassun,    Inner   Mongolia.     38N. 

io8e.  82 

Borzon,  Inner  Mongolia.  43N.  105E.  82 
Bostan,  Baluchistan.     30N.  67E,  58 

Boudrouet  Rock,  Formosa.  24N.  123E.  89 
Boulgourlou,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  35E.  46 
Bowringpet,  Mj^sore.     I3>f,  78E.  63 

Brahmaputra  R.,  Bengal.  24N.  90E.  61 
Brindaban,  United  Provs.  28N.  78E.  59 
♦Broach,  Bombay.     22N.  73E.  56 

Brosot,  Java.     8s.  iioe.  76 

Brothers  Is.,  The,  Malacca  Strait.     3N. 

lOOE.  69 

Broughton  Bay,  Korea.     39N.  128E.  90 

Broughton  Strait,  Japan.     35 n.  129E.  89 

Brouwer  Strait,  Sumatra,     in.  io2E.  69 

Bruit,  East  Indies.     3s.  iiie.  74 

Brunei,  East  Indies.     5N.  115E.  74 

♦Brusa,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  29E.  46 

Bua  Sum,  Siam.     15N.  ioie.  70 

Bubbaie  R.,  United  Provs.     28N.  8ie.  60 

Bubdar,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  30E.  46 

Bubian  Island,  Persian  Gulf.     30N.  48E.  44 

Bucas,  Philippine  Islands,     ion.  126E.  yj 

Budihaul,  Mysore.     14N.  76E.  63 

Budra  River,  Mysore.     14N.  76E.  63 

♦Budrum,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  27E.  46 

BuduUa,  Ceylon.     7n.  8ie.  63 

Bugti  Country,  Baluchistan.     29N,  69E.  59 

Buitenzorg,  Java.     7s.  107E.  76 

Bukit  Batu,  Sumatra,  in.  io2E.  69 
Bulacan,  Philippine  Islands.     15N.  121E.  yy 

Bulangan,  East  Indies.     3N.  117E.  74 

Bulawadin,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  31E.  46 

Buldana,  Berar.     20N.  76E.  60 

Buleleng,  East  Indies,     8s.  115E.  74 

Bulghar  Dagh,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  34E.  46 

Bulsar,  Bombay.  2 in,  73E.  56 
Buluan  Lake,  Mindanao,  Philippine  Is. 

6n.  125E.  yy 

Bulun,  Siberia.     70N,  126E,  95 

Bu-mu-ba  Lake,  China.     42N.  113E,  82 

Bunarbashi,  Asia  Minor.  40N,  26E.  46 
Bunauan,  Mindanao,  Philippine  Is.     8n. 

126E.  yy 

Eundelcund,  Central  India.     25 n.  79E.  60 

Bundi,  Rajputana.     25 n.  75E.  59 

Bungo  Strait,  Japan.     33N.  132E.  89 

Buni,  Bombay.     24N.  70E.  56 

Bunji,  Kashmir.     35N.  75E.  58 

Bunli,  Rajputana.     26N.  76E.  59 

Burghi,  Bomba)'.     17N.  76E,  57 

Burgusto-ula,  Inner  Mongolia.  40N.  105E.  82 

♦Burhanpur.     21N.  76E.  56 

Burhi,  Bengal.     24N.  85E,  60 

Burias,  Philippine  Islands.     13N.  123E.  77 

Burka,  Arabia,     24N.  58E,  45 

Bursi,  Kashmir.     35N.  78E.  58 


PAGE 

Bum,  East  Indies.     4s.  126E.  75 

Bum  Cape,  East  Indies.     2n.  103E.  74 

Burujird,  Persia.     34N.  49E.  47 

Burwahnugur,  Bengal.     23N.  84E.  60 

Burwalla,  Bombay.     22N.  72E.  56 

Busk,  Siberia.     53N.  85E.  94 

Busuanga,  Philippine  Is.     i2n,  120E.  yy 

Buton  Island,  East  Indies.     7n.  99E.  75 

Butuan,  Philippine  Islands.     9N,  126E.  yy 

Butulan  Vol.,  Philippine  Is,     6n.  126E,  yy 

Caboosa  Island,  Burma.     13N.  98E.  71 

Cabul,  Palestine.     33N.  35 e.  12 

Cabuly  Ft,  Philippine  Is.     12N,  119E.  77 

*Caesarea,  Palestine.     32N.  35E,  13 

Csesarea  Philippi,  Palestine,     33N,  36E.  13 

Cagayan  R.,  Philippine  Is.     8n.  125E.  yy 

Cagayanes  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     9N.  122E.  yy 

Cagua  Vol.,  Philippine  Is.     i8n.  122E,  yy 

Calaguas  Is,,  Philippine  Is,     15N,  123E,  yy 

Calamian,  Philippine  Is.     12N.  120E,  yy 

Calamianes,  Philippine  Is.     12 n.  120E.  yy 

Calar  River,  Bombay.     20N.  75E.  57 

Calayan,  Philippine  Is.     19N.  122E.  yy 

Calbayog,  Philippine  Is.     i2n.  125E.  yy 

♦Calcutta,  Bengal.     23N.  88e.  61 

♦Calicut,  Madras,     iin.  76E,  63 

Calimere  Point,  Madras,     ion,  8oe.  63 

Calingapatam,  Madras.     i8n.  84E.  62 

Callianee,  Haidarabad,     i8n.  77E.  62 

Calpi,  United  Provinces,     26N,  8oe.  60 

Camao  Cape,  Indo-China.     9N.  105E.  71 

Camarines,  Philippine  Is.     13N.  123E.  77 

Ca-mau,  Indo-China.     9N.  105E.  71 

♦Cambay,  Bombay.     22N.  73E,  56 

Cambay,  Gulf  of,  Bombay.     2 in.  72E.  56 

Cambodia,  Indo-China.     I2N.  105E.  71 

Cam-hoa,  Indo-China.     22N.  io6e.  70 

Camiguin,  Philippine  Is,     19N.  122E.  77 

Camotes  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  124E.  yy 

Campbellpur,  Punjab.     34N.  72E.  58 

Camranh  Har.,  Indo-China.     12N.  109E.  71 

♦Cana,  Palestine,     33N,  35E.  13 

Candavi,  Bombay.     2 in,  73E.  56 

Candaya  Is,,  Philippine  Is.     15N.  121E.  yy 

♦Cannanore,  Madras.     i2n.  75E.  63 

Canning  Town,  Bengal.     22N.  89E.  61 

Cantho,  Indo-China.     ion.  io6e.  71 

♦Canton,  China,     23N.  113E.  85 

Canton  River,  China,     22 n.  114E.  85 

Cao-bang,  Indo-China.     22N.  io6e.  70 

Cao-sorol,  Indo-China.     i8n.  io6e.  70 

♦Capernaum,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Capitolias,  Palestine.     33N,  36E.  13 

Capiz,  Philippine  Islands,     iin.  122E.  yy 

Caraga,  Philippine  Islands,     7n,  127E,  yy 

Cardamum  Mts,,  Madras,     ion.  77E.  63 

Carmel,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 


l82 


Index 


PAGE 

•Carmel,  Mount,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Caroline  Is.,  East  Indies.     9N.  140E.  75 

Carteret  Reef,  East  Indies.     3N.  135E.  75 

Castries  Bay,  Siberia.     52N.  141E.  95 

Catanduanes,  Philippine  Is.     14N.  124E.  yy 

Catbalongan,  Philippine  Is.     12N.  125E.  yy 
Catel  Viejo  (S.  Nicolas),  Philippine  Is. 

8n.  127E.  77 

Cauli  River,  Bombay.     15N.  74E.  57 

Cauvery  River,  Madras,     iin.  80E.  63 

Cavite,  Philippine  Islands.     15N.  12 ie.  77 

•Cawnpur,  United  Provs.     26N.  8oe.  60 

Cayan,  Philippine  Islands.     17N.  121E.  77 

Celebes,  East  Indies.     4s.  12  IE.  74 

Celebes  Sea,  East  Indies.     4N.  120B.  74 

Ceram,  East  Indies.     43.  130E.  75 

Chahar,  China.     42N.  114E.  83 

Chaiapun,  Siam.     i6n.  io2E.  70 

Chaibassa,  Bengal.     22N.  86e.  60 

Chainat,  Siara.     15N.  iooe.  70 

Chaiya,  Malay  Peninsula.     9N.  99E.  71 

Chakar  River,  Baluchistan.     30N.  68e.  58 
Chakdara,  N.W.   Frontier  Provs.     35N. 

72E.  58 
Chakesar,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.    35N. 

73E.  58 

Chakwal,  Punjab.     33N.  73E.  58 

Cha-ling,  China.     27N.  114E.  85 

Chalo,  Mongolia.     44N.  120E.  83 

Chamar,  Kashmir.     33N.  78E.  58 

Chamba,  Punjab.     33 n.  76E.  58 

Chamlung,  Kashmir.     35N,  78E.  58 

Chana,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  ioie.  68 

Chanagur,  Central  Provs.     19N.  8oe.  60 

♦Chanar,  Bengal.     25  n.  83E.  60 

Chance  Island,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  98E.  71 

Chanda,  Central  Provs.     20N.  79E.  60 

♦Chandaur,  Bombay.     20N.  74E.  56 

Chandaur  Chain,  Bombay.     20N.  75E.  56 

Chandausi,  United  Provs.     29N.  79E.  60 

♦Chandemagore,  Bengal.     23N.  88e,  61 

Chandode,  Bombay,     22N.  73E.  56 

Chandpur,  Bengal.     23N.  91E.  61 

Chandra  River,  Kashmir.     33N.  75E  58 

Chang-chau,  China.     32N.  120E.  85 

Chang-chau,  China.     24N.  ii8e.  85 

Chang-chun,  Manchuria.     44N.  125E.  90 

Chang-chwen  Is.,  China.     21N.  113E.  85 

Chang-hs-tao,  China.     40N.  12  ie.  83 

Chang-hwa,  China.     19N.  109E.  84 

Chang-i,  China.     37N.  120E.  83 

Chang-jin,  Korea.     41N.  127E.  90 

Chang-kia-kau,  China.     41N.  115E.  83 
Chang-kwan-tsai,  Manchuria.  45N.  129E.  90 

Chang-le,  China.     30N.  hie.  84 

Chang-lo,  China.     24N.  ii6e.  85 

Chang-lo,  China.     26N.  120E.  85 

Chang-ning,  China.     25N.  ii6e.  85 


PAGE 

Chang-pai-shan,  Manchuria.     42N.  127E.  90 

Chang-ping,  China.     26N,  ii8e.  85 

Chang-ping,  China.     40N.  ii6e.  83 

Chang-pu,  China.     24N.  ii8e.  85 

Chang-sha,  China.     23N.  115E.  8o 

Chang-sha,  China.     28N.  11 3E.  85 

Chang-shan-tao,  China.     38N.  12  ie,  83 

Chang-te,  China.     29N.  hie.  84 

Chang-te,  China.     36N.  114E,  83 

Chang-tsing,  China.     36N.  117E.  83 

Chang-tu,  Manchuria.     43N.  124E.  90 

Chang-yang,  China.     30N.  hie.  84 

Chaniot,  Punjab.     32N.  73E.  58 

Chan-sha,  China.     32 n.  121E.  83 

Chantabun,  Siam.     13N.  102E.  71 

Chantakam,  Siam.     14N.  102E.  71 

Chao,  China.     38N.  115E.  83 

Chao-chau,  China.     24N.  117E.  85 

Chao-king,  China.     23N.  112E.  84 

Chao-lien-tao,  China.     36N.  12 ie.  83 

Chao-yang,  China.     23N.  117E.  85 

Chao-yang,  China.     42N.  120E.  83 

Chapel  Island,  China.     24N.  ii8e.  85 

Chapra,  Bengal.     26N.  84E.  60 

Charjui,  Turkestan.  39N.  63E.  45 
Charles  Louis  Mts.,  E.  Indies.  4s.  136E.  75 
Charuk  Su,  Turkey  in  Asia.     4 in.  40E.    47 

Chatarpur,  Central  India.     25 n.  8oe.  60 

Chatrapur,  Madras.     19N.  85E.  62 

Chattisgarh,  Central  Provs.     2 in.  83E.  60 

Chaturat,  Siam.     i6n.  io2E.  70 

Chau-dok,  Indo-China.     iin.  105E.  71 

Chau-hu,  China,     32N.  117E.  85 

Chaukan  Point,  Burma.     27N.  97E.  67 

Chau-tung,  China.     27N.  104E.  84 

Che-cheng,  China.     34N.  ii6e.  83 

Cheduba,  Burma.     19N.  94E.  67 

Cheduba  Island,  Burma.     19N.  94E.  67 

Che-ju,  Korea.     34N.  126E.  90 

Che-Kiang,  China.     29N.  120E.  85 

Chek-jem  Island,  Korea.     37N,  126E.  90 

Chel-La,  North,  Korea.     36N.  127E.  90 

Chel-La,  South,  Korea.     35N.  126E.  90 

Chelong,  Indo-China.     i2n.  io6e.  71 

Chelyuskin  Cape,  Siberia.     77N.  io2E.  94 

♦Chemulpo,  Korea.     37N.  127E.  90 

Chenab  River,  Punjab.     29N.  71E.  59 

Chen-chau,  China.     28N.  hoe.  84 

Chen-chau,  China.  34N.  H5E.  83 
Chendras,  Malay  Peninsula.     2n.  io2e.    69 

Chen-feng,  China.     25  n.  io6e.  84 

Cheng,  China.     35N.  114E.  83 

♦Chengalput,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

Cheng-ju,  Korea.     37N.  127E,  90 

Cheng-ju,  Korea.     40N.  125E.  90 

Cheng-kau,  China.     32N.  109E.  84 

Cheng-ngan,  China.     28N.  107E.  84 

Cheng-pu,  China.     26N.  hoe.  84 


Index 


183 


PAGE 

Cheng-shan,  China.     38N.  123E.  83 

Cheng-te,  China.     41N.  iiSe.  83 

Cheng- ting,  China.     38N.  115E.  83 

Cheng-tu,  China.     31N.  104E.  84 

Chen-hiuhg,  China.     27N.  105E.  84 

Chen-hsi,  China.     28N.  iioe.  84 

Chen-ju,  Korea.     36N.  127E.  90 

Chen-kiang,  China.     32N.  119E.  83 

Chen-ngan,  China.     23N.  io6e.  84 

Chen-ping,  China.     25  n.  ii6e.  85 

Chen-yiien,  China.     27N.  io8e.  84 

Chen-yiien,  China.     36N.  107E.  82 

Chepon,  Indo-China.     17N.  io6e.  70 

Cheribon,  Java.     7s.  109E.  76 

Cherrapunji,  Assam.     25 n.  92E.  61 

Che-yang-pau,  China,     27N.  120E.  85 

Chhang-seng,  Korea.  40N.  125E.  90 
Chhindwara,  Central  Pro  vs.     22N,  79E.  60 

Chho-san,  Korea.  41N.  126E.  90 
Chhota  Udepur,  Bombay.     22N.  74E.       56 

Chhun-chhen,  Korea.     38N.  128E.  90 

Chhung,  Korea.  37N.  128E.  90 
Chhung-Chheng,  E.,  Korea.  36N.  127E.  90 
Chhung-Chheng,  W.,  Korea.    36N.  126E.  90 

Chiamis,  Java.     7s.  io8e.  76 

Chiba,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

Chiburi,  Japan.     36N.  133E.  91 

Chicacole,  Madras.     i8n.  84E.  62 

Chichalengha,  Java.     7s.  io8e.  76 

Chi-chau,  China.     3 in.  117E.  85 

Chichawatu,  Punjab.     30N,  73E.  58 

Chi-cheng,  China.     41N.  ii6e.  83 

Chidzu,  Japan.     35 n.  134E.  91 

Chieng-hai,  Siam.     20N.  iooe.  70 

Chieng  Kong,  Siam.     20N.  iooe.  70 

Chieng  Mai,  Siam.     19N.  99E.  70 

Chieng  Saan,  Siam.     20N.  iooe.  70 

Chi-feng,  China.     42 n.  ii8e.  83 

*Chi-fu,  China.     38N.  122E.  83 
Chigar  Sarai,  Afghanistan.     35 n.  71E.     58 

Chijulang,  Java.     8s.  io8e.  76 

Chi-kau,  China.     39N.  ii8e.  83 

Chik-ching,  China.     22N.  iioe.  84 

Chikmagalur,  Mysore.     13N.  76E.  63 

Chilachap,  Java.     8s.  109E.  76 

Chilas,  Kashmir.     35N.  74E.  58 

Chilaw,  Ceylon.     8n.  8oe.  63 

Chi-li,  China.     40N.  117E.  83 

Chi-li,  Gulf  of,  39N.  119E,  83 

Chi-li,  Strait  of,  38N    121E.  83 

Chilka  Lake,  Bengal.     20N.  85E.  60 

♦Chillianwallah,  Punjab,     33N.  74E.  58 

Chi-lung,  China.  23N.  115E.  85 
Chimishgadsek,   Turkey  in  Asia.     39N. 

39E.  47 
Chin  Hills  State,  Burma,  23N.  94E.  67 
China  Bakier  River,  Burma.  i6n.  96E.  67 
China  Sea,  S.,  Indo-China.     ga.  io8e.      71 


PAGE 

Chin-do,  Korea.     35N.  126E.  90 

Chindwin  River,  Burma.     22N.  95E.  67 

Chindwin  Shan  States,  Burma.  26N.  96E.  67 

Chin-hai,  China.     30N.  121E.  85 

Chini,  Punjab.     32N.  78E.  58 

Chin-ju,  Korea.     35N.  128E.  90 

Chinnampo,  Korea.  39N,  125E.  90 
Chinnereth,  Sea  of,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

Chinur,  Haidarabad.     19N.  8oe.  62 

Chiokai-san,  Japan.     39N.  140E.  88 

Chiremai,  Java.     7s.  io8e.  76 

Chisloth  Tabor,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Chitaldrug,  Mysore.     14N.  76E.  63 

Chitor,  Rajputana.  25 n,  75E.  59 
Chitral,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.  36N.  72E.  58 
Chitral  R.,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     36N. 

72E.  58 

♦Chittagong,  Burma.     22N.  92E.             "  61 

Chittapet,  Madras.     i2N.  79E.  63 

Chittur,  Madras,     iin,  77E.  63 

Chittur,  Madras.     13N.  79E.  63 

Chivril,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  30E.  46 

Choatilloh,  Sind.     26N,  69E.  59 

Cho-bo,  Indo-China.     2 in.  105E,  70 

Chobr,  China.     41N.  113E.  82 

Cho-chau,  China.     40N.  ii6e.  83 

Cho-don,  Indo-China.     i8n.  107E.  70 

Cholar,  Indo-China.     ion.  107E.  71 

Chon-kan,  Indo-China.     14N.  104E.  71 

Chorazin,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Choreshiri  Island,  Japan.     44N.  141E.  88 

Choshi,  Japan.     36N.  141E.  91 

Choshjal,  China.     42N.  114E.  83 

Chotiali,  Baluchistan.     30N.  69E.  58 

Chotun,  Rajputana.     26N.  71E.  59 

Chou-tsun,  China.     37N.  ii8e.  83 

Chu,  China.     32N.  ii8e.  83 

Chu-chau,  China.     28N.  120E.  85 

Chu-cheng,  China.     36N.  120E.  83 

Chukairei  Mt,  Formosa.     24N.  12 lE.  89 

Chu-ki,  China.     30N.  120E.  85 

Chumay  Bay,  Indo-China.     i6n.  io8e.  70 

Chung,  China.     30N.  io8e.  84 

Chung-chang,  China.     37N.  104E.  82 

Chung-kia-kau,  China.     37N.  ii6e.  83 

Chung-king,  China.     29N.  io6e.  84 

Chung-ming,  China.     32N.  12 ie.  85 

Chung-pa,  China.     32N.  105E.  84 

Chung-wei,  China.     37N.  105E.  82 

Chu-san,  China.     30N.  122E.  85 

Chu-shan,  China.     32N.  iioe.  82 

Chu-tze-chieh,  Manchuria.     43N.  129E.  90 

Cilicia,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  34E.  46 

Clara  Island,  Burma,  iin.  98E.  71 
Cleopatra's  Needle,  Philippine  Is.     ion. 

119E.  77 

Clifford  Island,  Korea.     37N.  126E.  90 

Cocanada  Madras.     17N.  82E.  6ji 


i84 


Index 


PAGE 

•Cochin,  Madras,     ion.  76E.  63 

Cochin  China,  Indo-China.     iin.  io6e.  71 

Codoor,  Madras.     14N.  79E.  63 

Coguiga,  Madras.     17N.  82E.  62 

•Coimbatore,  Madras,     iin.  77E.  63 

Colleroon  River,  Madras,     iin.  8oe.  63 

Colnett  Strait,  Japan.     30N.  130E.  89 

♦Colombo,  Ceylon.     7n.  8oe.  63 

Combermere  Bay,  Burma.     20N.  94E.  67 

Comillah,  Bengal.     23 n.  91E.  61 

Comorin,  Cape,  Madras.     8n.  77e.  63 

Concepcion,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  123E.  yy 

Congun,  Persia.     29N.  52E.  45 

♦Conjeveram,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

Constantinovsk,  Siberia.  49N.  140E,  95 
Cook  Channel,  Philippine  Is.     ion.  120E.  yy 

Coonoor,  Madras,  iin.  77E.  63 
Cord  del  Norte,  Philippine  Is.    i8n.  122E.  yy 

Coromandel  Coast,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

Coronado  Ft,  Philippine  Is.     8n.  122E.  yy 

Coronge  Island,  Burma.     17N.  94E.  67 

Cotabato,  East  Indies.     7n.  124E.  75 

Cotta  Bato,  Philippine  Is.     7n.  124E.  yy 

Craig  Island,  China.     25N.  122E.  89 

Cuddalore,  Madras.     12N.  8oe.  63 

Cumbum,  Madras.     i6n.  79E.  62 

Cundapur,  Madras.     14N.  75E.  63 

Cuntuda,  Arabia.     19N.  41E.  44 

Current  Island,  East  Indies.     5N.  132E.  75 

Cutch,  Bombay.     23N.  70E.  56 

Cutch,  Runn  of,  Bombay.     24N.  71E.  56 

Cuttack,  Bengal.     2 in.  86e.  60 

Cuttack  Mehal,  Bengal.     21N.  85E.  60 

Cuttani  River,  Mysore.     12N.  77E.  63 

Cuyos  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  121E.  yy 

Cyclops  Mts.,  East  Indies.     3s.  140E.  75 


Dabbasheth,  Palestine.     33N.  35E, 
Daberath,  Palestine.     33N.  35E. 
Dabhai,  Bombay.     22 n.  73E. 
Dabla,  Rajputana.     26N.  75E. 
Dabsatu,  Mongolia.     44N.  120E. 
Dacca,  Bengal.     24N.  90E. 
Dahan,  Siam.     i6n.  105E. 
Dahira,  Arabia.     24N.  56E. 
Dahna,  Arabia.     25N.  48E. 
Dahna,  Arabia.     2 in.  50E. 
Dairen,  China.     39N.  122E. 
Dairen,  Manchuria.     39N.  122E. 
Daishoji,  Japan.     36N.  136E. 
Daiwurconda,  Haidarabad.     17N 
Dakar,  Bombay.     23 n.  73E. 
Dakka,  Afghanistan.     34N.  71E. 
Daksam,  Bengal.     23N.  91E. 
Dalai  Nor,  Mongolia.     43N.  117E. 
Dalhousie,  Burma.     i6n.  94E. 
Dalhousie,  Punjab.     32N.  76E. 
Daltonganj,  Bengal.     24N.  84E. 


79E. 


12 
12 
56 
59 
83 
61 
70 
45 
44 
44,45 
83 
90 

91 
62 
56 
58 
61 
83 
67 
58 
60 


PAGE 

Dalupiri,  Philippine  Is.     19N.  12  ie.  yy 

*Daman,  Bombay.     20N.  73E.  56 

Daman-i-Kuh,  Turkestan.     38N.  57E.  45 

Damar,  Arabia.     15N.  44E.  44 

♦Damascus,  Palestine.     34N.  36E.  12 

DambuUa,  Ceylon.     8n.  8ie.  63 

Dammer,  East  Indies.     6s.  128E.  75 

Damoh,  Central  Provs.  24N.  8oe.  60 
Dampier  Island,  East  Indies.     5s.  146E.  75 

Dampier  Strait,  East  Indies,     is.  130E.  75 

Dan,  Palestine.     32 n.  35E,  12 

Danu,  Bombay.     20N.  73E.  57 

D'Anville  Gulf,  Siberia.     43N.  13  ie.  95 

Dapean,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io6e.  70 

Dapitan,  Philippine  Is.     8n.  123E.  yy 

Dapsang  Mount,  Kashmir.     35 n.  77E.  58 

Dapuli,  Bombay.     i8n.  73E.  57 

Darak,  Persia.     32N.  58E.  45 

Darbah,  Punjab.     29N.  75E.  59 

Darbhangah,  Bengal.     26N.  86e.  61 

Dardanelles,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  26E.  46 

Dare-bhyn  River,  Burma.  i6n.  95E.  67 
Dargai,  N.VV.  Frontier  Provs.  34N.  72E.  58 
Dargai    Peak,   N.W.    Frontier    Provs. 

33N.  71E.  58 

Darjiling,  Bengal.     27N.  89E.  61 

Darrang,  Assam.     86n.  92E.  61 

Darvel  Bay,  East  Indies.     5N.  ii8e.  74 

Dasa,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  42E.  47 

Dasuruan,  Java.     8s,  113E.  76 

Data,  Burma.     i6n.  95E.  67 

Data  Mt,  Philippine  Is.     17N.  122E.  yy 

Datrapur,  Bengal.     26N.  90E.  61 

Dattiah,  Central  India.     26N.  78E.  60 

Daude,  East  Indies.     9s.  142E.  75 

*Daulatabad,  Haidarabad.     20N.  75E.  62 

Daulatpur,  Sind.     26N.  68e.  59 

Davao,  Philippine  Island.     7n.  126E.  77 

Davao  Bay,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  126E.  yy 

Davilacan,  East  Indies.     17N.  122E.  74^ 

Davis  Island,  Burma,     ion.  98E.  71 

Dawunakonda,  Madras.     i6n.  78E.  62 

Dayang  Bunting,  Malacca  Str.   6n.  iooe.  68 

Dazan  Bandida,  Mongolia.     44N.  ii6e.  83 

Dazol  Bay,  Philippine  Is.     i6n.  120E.  yy 

*Dead  Sea,  Palestine.     31N.  35E.  13 

Debar  Lake,  Rajputana.     24N.  74E.  59 

Debari,  Rajputana.     25N.  74E.  59 

Debir,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

Dedicas  Vol.,  Philippine  Is.     19N.  122E  yy 

Deeg,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E.  59 

Degode,  Rajputana.     25 n.  75E.  59 

Dehra,  United  Provs.     30N.  78E.  58 

Deir,  Turkey  in  Asia.     35 n.  40E.  47 

Delhi,  East  Indies.     8s.  126E.  75 

♦Delhi,  Punjab.     29N.  77E.  59 

Deli,  East  Indies.     4N.  99E.  74 

Delidge  Irmak  R.,  Asia  Minor.  39N.  35E.  46 


Index 


185 


PAGE 

Demavend,  Persia,     35 n.  52E.  45 

Demavend  Mount,  Persia.     36N.  52E.  45 

Dengiz,  Lake,  As.  Russia.     53 n.  73E.  94 

Denisli,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  29E.  46 
D'Entrecasteaux  Is.,  East  Indies.     los. 

150E.  75 

*Deogarh,  Central  Provs.     22N.  79E.  60 

Deogurh,  Bengal.     25N.  87E,  61 

Deogurh,  Bombay.     i6n.  73E.  57 

Deoniagarh,  Nepal.     28N.  84E.  60 

Dera  Bugti,  Baluchistan.     29N.  69E.  59 

Dera  Futti  Khan,  Punjab.     3 in.  71E.  58 

Dera  Ghazi  Khan,  Punjab.     30N.  71E,  58 
Dera    Ishmail    Khan,    N.W.    Frontier 

Provs.     32N.  71E.  58 

Derajat,  Punjab.     3 in.  71E.  58 

Desht  River,  Persia.     25N.  62E,  45 

Dhalkot,  Kashmir.     34N.  74E.  58 

Dhamtari,  Central  Provs.     2 in.  8ie.  60 

•Dhar,  Central  India.     23N.  75E.  56 

Dharampur,  Bombay.     20N.  73E.  56. 

*Dharmapuri,  Madras.     12N.  78E.  63 

Dharmawaram,  Madras.     15N.  78E.  62 

Dharuinsala,  Punjab.     32N.  76E.  58 

Dharur,  Haidarabad.     19N.  76E.  62 

*Dharwar,  Bombay.     i6n.  75E.  57 

Dhat-Irk,  Arabia.     22N.  41E.  44 

Dhaulagiri  Mt,  Nepal.     29 n.  84E.  60 

Dheiell,  Bombay.     2 in.  74E.  56 

Dhola,  Bombay.     22N.  72E.  56 

Dholarra,  Bombay.     22N.  72E.  56 

*Dholka,  Bombay.     23 n.  72E.  56 

•Dholpur,  Rajputana.     27N.  78E.  59 

Dhond,  Bombay.     i8n.  75E.  57 

Dhoraji,  Bombay.     22N.  70E.  56 

Dhrangadra,  Bombay.     23N.  71E.  56 

*Dhulia,  Bombay,     2 in.  75E.  56 

Dhuri  River,  Punjab.     30N.  76E.  58 

Diamond  Harbour,  Bengal.     22N,  88e.  61 

*Diarbekr,  Turkey  in  Asia.     58N.  39E.  47 

Diarmer  Mount,  Kashmir.     35  n.  74E.  58 

Dibon,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Dibrugarh,  Assam.     27N.  95E.  67 

Dickson  Island,  Siberia,     73N.  8ie.  94 

Dickson,  Point,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  102E.  69 

Dien-Bien,  Indo-China.     2 in.  103E.  70 

*Diggi,  Rajputana.     27N.  75E.  59 

Dihang  River,  Tibet,     28N.  95E.  61 

Dihing  River,  Assam.     27n,'96e.  67 

Dilasac  Bay,  Philippine  Is.     i6n.  i22e.  77 

Dilawar,  Punjab.     29N.  71E.  59 

Dilman,  Persia.     38N.  45E.  47 

Dinagat,  Philippine  Islands,     ion.  126E.  77 

Dinajpur,  Bengal.     24N.  88e.  61 

Dinapur,  Bengal.     26N.  85E.  60 

Dindi  River,  Haidarabad.     17N.  79E.  63 

*Dindigull,  Madras,     ion.  78E,  63 

Dindings,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  ioie.  68 


PAGE 

Dineir,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  31E.  46 

Dingarh,  Punjab.     29N.  72E,  59 

Diomede  Island,  Siberia.     66n.  172W.  95 

Dion,  Palestine.     33N.  36e'.  13 

Discovery  Reef,  E.  Indies.     4s.  logE.  76 

Diu  Fort,  Bombay.     21N.  71E.  56 

Diu  Island,  Bombay.     21N.  71E.  56 

Divy,  Point,  Madras,     i&n.  8ie.  62 

Diwanieh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     32N.  45E.  47 

Dizful,  Persia.     32N.  49E.  47 

Djahampur,  Punjab.     30N.  7ib"  58 

Djambu,  East  Indies.     2s.  104E,  74 

Djanik,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  36E.  46 

Djering,  Cape,  Malacca  Str.     2N.  102E.  69 

Dohad,  Bombay.     23 n.  74E.  56 

Doktawadi  River,  Burma.     23N.  97E.  67 

Dolar,  Central  India.     24N.  82E.  60 

*Dolon-nor,  China.     42 n.  ii6e,  83 
Dolon-shirke,     Inner    Mongolia.     40N. 

107E.  82 

Dolphin,  Cape,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  98E.  71 

Dome  Island,  Burma.     I2n.  98E.  71 

Donahjm,  Burma.     17N.  96E.  67 

*Dondra  Head,  Ceylon.     6n.  8ie.  63 

Dong-hoi,  Indo-China.     iSn.  107E.  70 

Dong  Rek,  Siam.     14N.  102E.  71 
Don-nai  River,  Indo-China.     iin.  io7e.  71 

Dor,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Dorak,  Persia.     3 in.  49E.  47 

Dornakal,  Haidarabad.     17N.  80E.  62 

Dothan,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Douglas,  East  Indies.     20N.  136E.  75 

Dourga  Strait,  East  Indies.     7s.  139E.  75 

Dowhali,  Central  Provs.     2 in.  8oe.  60 

Dowlaishwardin,  Madras.     17N.  82E.  62 

Dounggyi,  Burma.     17N.  96E.  67 

Dras,  Kashmir.     34N.  76E.  58 

Drug,  Central  Provs.     2 in.  82E.  60 

Dsergile,  Mongolia.     44N.  115E.  83 

Duda,  Haidarabad,     17N.  77E.  62 

Dudhna  River,  Plaidarabad.     19N.  77E.  62 

Dudinsh,  Siberia.     69N.  87E.  94 

Dudwa,  United  Provs.     29N.  81E.  60 

Dulmera,  Rajputana.     28N.  74E.  59 

Dumaran  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  120E.  yj 

Dunbula,  Ceylon.     7n.  8ie.  63 

Dungarpur,  Rajputana.     24N,  74E.  59 

Dungun,  River,  Malay  Pen.     5N.  103E.  68 

Dupadu,  Madras.     i6n.  79E.  62 

Durbot,  Inner  Mongolia,     42N.  hie.  82 

Duroch,  Cape,  Korea.     39N.  128E.  90 

D'Urville  Island,  E.  Indies.     3s.  143E.  75 

D'Urville  Point,  E.  Indies.     2s.  138E.  75 

Dwana  Hills,  Burma.     17N.  98E.  67 

♦Dwarka,  Bombay.     22N.  69E.  56 

Eap,  East  Indies,     ion.  136E.  75 

East  Cape,  Siberia.     66n.  170W.  95 


i86 


Index 


PAGE 

Ebal,  Mount,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Echigo,  Japan.     37N.  139E.  91 

Echisen,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  91 

Edrei,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

Edremid,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  27E.  46 
Edwardesabad,    N.W.    Frontier   Provs. 

33N.  70E.  58 

Egerdir,  Asia  Minor.     38N,  31E.  46 

Egin,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  39E.  47 

Eglon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

•Ekron,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

El  Batna,  Arabia.     25N.  57E.  45 

El  Bedda,  Arabia.     25N.  52E.  45 

♦Elburz  Mountains,  Persia.     36N.  51E.  45 

Elealeh,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

•Elephanta,  Bombay.     19N.  73E.  57 

El  Hadhr,  Turkey  in  Asia,     36N.  43E.  47 

El  Hasa,  Arabia.     28N.  48E.  44 

El  Hejaz,  Arabia.     25 n.  38E.  44 

El  Hofuf,  Arabia.     25 n.  50E.  44 
El  Jezireh  or  Mesopotamia,  Turkey  in 

Asia.     37N.  40E.  47 

El  Katif,  Arabia.     27N.  50E.  45 

•EUichpur,  Berar.     2 in.  78E.  60 

Elliot  Island,  Manchuria.     39N.  122E.  90 

EUore,  Madras.     17N.  8ie.  62 

Elmaly,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  30E.  46 

Elphinstone,  Burma.     i2n.  98E.  71 

El  Wedj,  Arabia.     26N.  36E.  44 

Elwend  Mountain,  Persia.     35N.  49E.  47 

El  Yemen,  Arabia.     i6n.  43E.  44 

Emamgarh,  Sind.     27N.  69E.  59 

Emmaus,  Palestine.     32N.  35E,  13 

Enciam  Island,  Madras.     8n.  77E.  63 

Endau  River,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  104E.  69 

Enderes,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  38E.  47 

*Endor,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Engannim,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Engano  Cape,  East  Indies.     19N.  122E.  74 

Engano  Island,  East  Indies.     5s.  103E.  74 

Engedi,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

English  Bazar,  Bengal.     25 n.  88e.  61 

Ennore,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

En-Rimmon,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

Enzeli,  Persia.     38N.  49E,  47 

Ephraim,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Ephraim,  Mount,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

*Erbil,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  44E.  47 

Eregli,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  34E.  46 

Eregli,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  32E.  46 

Erinpura,  Rajputana.     25N.  73E.  59 

Emakolam,  Madras,     ion.  76E.  63 

•Erode,  Madras,     iin.  78E.  63 

♦Erzerum,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  41E.  47 

♦Erzingan,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  40E.  47 

Esanzaki,  Japan.     4 in.  141E.  88 

Esashi,  Japan.     4 in.  140E.  88 

Esasta,  Japan.     44N.  143E.  88 


PAGE 

*Esdraelon,  Plain  of,  Palestine.    33N.  35E.  13 

Eshtemod,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

Eskihissar,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  28E.  46 

*Eskishehr,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  30E.  46 

Etah,  United  Provinces.     28N.  79E.  60 

Etna,  Mount,  China.     19N,  109E.  84 

Etwali,  United  Provs.     27N,  79E.  60 

♦Euphrates  R.,  Turkey  in  Asia.    30N.  48E.  47 

Euripik,  East  Indies.     6n.  142E.  75 

♦Everest,  Mount,  Nepal,     28N.  87E.  61 

Pais,  East  Indies,     ion.  14 ie,  75 

Faizabad,  United  Provs.     27N.  82E.  60 

Fak-chan,  Burma,     iin.  99E.  71 

Fakumen,  Manchuria.     42N.  123E.  90 

Fakuoka,  Japan.     34N.  130E.  89 

Falam,  Burma.     23N.  94E.  67 

Falan,  Indo-China.     17N.  io6e.  70 

False  Cape,  East  Indies.     8s.  137E.  75 

Fan,  China.     36N.  ii6e.  83 

Fan-cheng,  China.     32N.  112E.  82 

Fao,  Turkey  in  Asia.  30N,  48E.  47 
Farallon  de  Pajaros,    E.    Indies,     20N. 

145E.  75 

Faraulep,  East  Indies.     9N.  145E.  75 

Faridkot,  Punjab.     3 in.  75E.  58 

Farrah,  Afghanistan.     32N.  62E.  45 

Farridabad,  Punjab.     28N.  77E.  59 

Fars,  Persia.     28N,  53E.  45 

Farsan  Kebeer,  Red  Sea.     17N.  42E.  44 

Farukhabad,  United  Provs,     27N.  79E.  60 

Farukhnagar,  Punjab.     28N.  77E.  59 

Fasa,  Persia.     29N.  54E.  45 

Fatehabad,  Punjab.     30N.  75E.  58 

Fatehpur,  United  Provs.     26N.  81E.  60 

Fat-shan,  China.     23N,  113E.  85 

Fattehpur,  Punjab.     29N.  70E.  59 

Fazilka,  Punjab.     30N.  74E.  58 

Fei,  China.     35N.  ii8e.  83 

Fen-chau,  China.     37N.  112E.  82 

Feng,  China.     35N.  117E,  83 

Feng-chan,  China.     29N.  112E.  84 

Feng-cheng,  China.     28N.  ii6e.  85 

Feng-hsiang,  China.     34N.  io8e.  82 

Feng-hwa,  China,     30N.  12  ie.  85 

Feng-hwa,  Manchuria.  43N.  124E.  90 
Feng  -  kwang  -  chen,   Manchuria.     40N. 

124E.  90 

Feng-ning,  China,     4 in.  117E.  83 

Feng-shan-shan,  China.     26N,  117E.  85 

Feng-tu,  China.     30N.  107E.  84 

Feng-yang,  China.     33N,  117E.  83 

Fen-ho,  China.     37N,  112E.  82 

Ferahan,  Persia.     34N.  50E.  47 

Filias  River,  Asia  Minor.  42N.  32E.  46 
Filipovskoi  Korennoi,  Siberia.   7 in.  97E.  94 

Firospur,  Punjab.     28N.  77E,  59 

Firozpur,  Punjab.     3 in.  75E.  58 


Index 


187 


PAGE 

Fitze-long  Bay,  Indo-China.     2 in.  307E.  70 

Flores,  East  Indies.     9s.  121E.  74 

Fly  River,  East  Indies.     8s.  142E.  75 

Fo-ki,  Formosa.     25N.  121E.  89 

Fo-kien,  China.     26N.  ii8e.  85 

♦Formosa,  China.     24N.  121E.  74 

Formosa  Strait,  Formosa.     25N.  120E.  89 

Fou,  China.     30N.  107E.  84 

Foul  Island,  Burma.  i8n.  94E.  67 
Frederick  Henry  Is.,  E.  Indies.  8s.  137E.  75 
Frederick  Wilhelm  Harbour,  E.  Indies. 

5S.  145E.  75 

Freewill,  East  Indies,     in.  135E.  75 

Fu,  China.     36N   109E.  82 

*Fu-chau,  China.     26N.  119E.  85 

Fu-chau,  China.     28N.  ii6e.  85 

Fu-chou,  Manchuria.     40N.  122E.  90 

Fuga,  Philippine  Islands.     i8n.  121E.  77 

•Fuji  Yama,  Japan.     35N.  139E.  91 

Fu-kang,  China.     24N.  114E.  85 

Fukaye  Island,  Japan.     33N.  129E.  8g 

Fu-kiang  River,  China.     3 in.  io6e.  84 

Fu-ku,  China.     39N.  hie.  82 

Fukui,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  91 

Fukushima,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Fukushima,  Japan.     38N.  140E.  91 

Fukuyama,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

Fukuyama,  Japan.     4 in.  140E.  88 

Funatsiu,  Japan.     36N.  137E.  91 

Fu-ngan,  China.     27N.  120E.  85 

Fu-ning,  China.     27N.  120E.  85 

Fu-niu-shan,  China.     34N.  112E.  82 

Fu-ping,  China.     34N.  io8e.  82 

Furidpur,  Bengal.     24N.  90E.  61 

Fusan,  Korea.     35 n.  129E.  90 

Fu-shan,  China.     38N.  12 ie.  83 

Fushiki,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 

Fushimi,  Japan.     35N.  136E.  91 

Fu-tsing,  China.     26N.  120E.  85 

Futtehpur,  Punjab.     30N.  72E.  58 

Fyzabad,  Afghanistan.     37N.  70E.  45 

Gad,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Gadak,  Bombay.     i6n.  76E.  57 

Gadara,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Gaddari,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78E.  62 

Galas  River,  Malay  Pen.     5N.  102E.  68 

Galbyn-Gobi,  In.  Mongolia.     42N.  io6e.  82 

Gali,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  102E.  69 

Galilee,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  13 

Galilee,  Sea  of,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

*Galle,  Ceylon.     6n.  8oe.  63 

*Gamala,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Gandava,  Baluchistan.     28N.  67E.  59 

Ganges,  Bengal.     22N.  89E.  61 

Gangpur,  Bengal.     22N.  84E,  60 

Ganh-rai  Bay,  Indo-China.     ion.  107E.  71 

Ganjam,  Madras.     19N.  85E.  62 


PAGE 

Ganju-san,  Japan.     40N.  14 ie.  88 

Gao-tin,  Manchuria.     45N.  129E.  90 

Garampi,  Formosa.     21N.  121E.  89 

Gares,  Kashmir.     35N.  75E.  58 

Garhwal,  United  Provs.     3 in.  79E.  60 

Garo  Hills,  Assam.     26N.  91E.  61 

Garut,  Java.     7s.  io8e.  76 

Gath,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Gatkau,  Bombay.     22 n.  69E.  56 

Gaurisankar  Mt,  Nepal.     28N.  87E.  61 

Gautier  Mts.,  East  Indies.     3s.  137E.  75 

Gawalgarh,  Berar.     2 in.  77E.  60 

*Gaya,  Bengal.     25 n.  85E.  60 

*Gaza,  Palestine.     32N.  34E.  12 

Geba,  Palestine.    32N.  35E.  12 

Gede,  Mount,  Java.     7s.  107E.  76 

Gedis  Chai  R.,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  28E.  46 

Gedor,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Geelvink  Bay,  East  Indies.     3s.  135E.  75 

Geelvink  Strait,  East  Indies,     is.  135E.  75 

Geik  Dagh,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  33E.  46 

Gelam  Island,  Borneo.     3s.  hoe.  76 

Genkai,  Japan.     34N.  13 ie.  89 

Gensan,  Korea.     39N.  127E.  90 

Genteng,  Cape,  Java.     8s.  io6e.  76 

Geok  Tepe,  Turkestan.     38N.  58E.  45 

Georgetown,  Penang.     5N.  iooe.  68 

Grerar,  Palestine,     3 in.  34E.  13 

*Gerasa,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  13 

Gergesenes,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Gerizim,  Mount,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Geuk  Su,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  34E.  46 

Ghaggan  River,  Punjab.     30N.  76E.  58 

Ghagra  R.,  United  Provs.     26N.  84E.  60 

Gharrah,  Sind.     25N.  68e.  59 

*Ghaziabad,  United  Provs.     29N,  77E.  59 

♦Ghazipur,  United  Provs.     26N.  84E.  60 

♦Ghazni,  Afghanistan.     34N.  68e.  58 

Ghijinsk,  Siberia.     62  n.  162E.  95 

Ghijinsk,  Gulf  of,  Siberia.     61N.  160E.  95 

Ghilan,  Persia.     38N.  49E.  47 

Ghubbet  el  Kamar,  Arabia.     i6n.  53E.  45 

Ghunnapura,  Haidarabad.     17N.  78E.  62 

Giamda,  Tibet.     30N.  93E.  61 

Giaur  Dagh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  37E.  46 

*Gibeon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Gifu,  Japan.    35N.  137E.  91 

Gigasar,  Rajputana.     28N.  73E.  59 

*Gilboa,  Mount,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Gilead,  Mount,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Gilgal,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Gilolo,  East  Indies,     in.  127E.  75 

Gilolo  Island,  East  Indies,     in.  128E.  75 

Gilolo  Pass,  East  Indies,     o.  129E.  75 

Gimzo,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Gioda,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Giran,  Formosa.     25N.  122E.  89 

Girap,  Rajputana.     26N.  70E.  59 


i88 


Index 


PAGE 

Girari,  Central  Provs,     23N.  82E.  60 

♦Giridhi,  Bengal.     24N.  86e.  61 

Girishk,  Afghanistan.     32 n.  65E.  45 

Girna,  Bombay.     2 in.  75E.  56 

Girri  River,  Punjab.     3 in.  78E.  58 

Girwari,  Central  India.     26N.  77E.  60 

♦Goa,  Bombay.     15N.  74E.  57 

Goa  Goa  Is.,  East  Indies.     7s.  115E.  76 

Goalpara,  Assam.     26N.  91E.  61 

Goalundo,  Bengal.     24N.  90E.  61 

Gobi,  Inner  Mongolia.     42N.  105E.  82 

Godavari  River,  Madras.     i7n.  82E.  62 

Goderi,  Madras.     19N.  84E.  62 

God-i-Sirreh,  Baluchistan.     30N.  62E,  45 

Godra,  Bombay.     23N.  74E.  56 

Godwar,  Rajputana.     25N.  73E,  59 

Goghe,  Bombay.     22N.  72E.  56 

Gokak,  Bombay.     i6n.  75E.  57 

Golan,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

♦Golconda,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78E.  62 

Golden  Throne  Mt.,  Kashmir.   35N.  77E.  58 

Golok  River,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  io2E.  68 

Golra,  Punjab,     34N,  73E.  58 

Golugonda,  Madras.     i8n.  82E.  62 

Gonda,  United  Provs.     27N.  82E.  60 

Gonokawa,  Japan.     35  n.  133E.  91 

Good  Hope,  Cape  of,  China.     23N.  117E,  85 

Goona,  Central  India.     24N.  77E.  60 

*Gooruncondah,  Madras.     14N.  79E.  63 

Gopalpur,  Madras.     19N.  85E.  62 

Gopanur,  Madras.     i6n.  79E.  62 

Gorakhpur,  United  Provs.     27N.  83E.  60 

Gorkha,  Nepal.     28N.  84E.  60 

Gorontalo,  East  Indies,     o,  124E.  75 

Gosaigaon,  Assam.     27N.  94E.  67 

Gosgarh,  Punjab.     28N.  72E.  59 

Gotoshima,  Japan.     33N.  129E.  89 

Gowada,  Madras.     i6n.  8ie.  62 

Gowhatty,  Assam.     26N.  92E.  61 

Grajagan  Bay,  Java.     9s.  114E.  76 

^ranville,  East  Indies.     los.  147E.  75 
Great   Gatwick   Is.,    Indo-China.     ion. 

109E.  71 

Great  George,  China.     3 in.  iioe.  84 

Great  Karimon,  Malacca  Str.     in.  103E.  69 

Great  Lake,  Indo-Chiua.     14N.  109E.  71 

Great  Zab,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  44E.  47 

Grik,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  ioie.  68 

Guam,  East  Indies.     13N.  145E.  75 

Gudam,  Madras.     i8n.  82E.  62 

Gudur,  Madras.     14N.  8oe.  63 

Gugara,  Punjab.     3 in.  73E.  58 

Guguan,  East  Indies.     i8n.  145E.  75 

Guie-chau  Island,  China,     2 in.  109E.  84 

Guimaras  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  123E.  yy 

*Gujranwala,  Punjab.     32N.  74E.  58 

*Gujrat,  Punjab.     33N.  74E.  58 

♦Gulbarga,  Haidarabad.     17N.  77E.  62 


PAGE 

Guma,  Bombay.     22N.  72E.  56 
Gumal  Pass,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.    32N. 

70E.  58 
Gumal    River,    N.W.    Frontier    Provs. 

32  N.  70E.  58 

Gumri,  Bombay.     19N.  75E.  57 

Gumsur,  Madras.     20N.  85E.  62 

Gumti  River,  Bengal.     23N.  91E.  61 

Gunaidio,  Sind.     26N.  70E.  59 

Gundakamma  River,  Madras.    i6n.  8oe.  62 

Gunong  Hantu,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  102E.  69 

Gunong  Tahan,  Malay  Pen.     5N.  102E.  68 

Guntakal,  Madras.     15  n.  77E.  62 

Guntur,  Madras.     i6n.  8ie.  62 

Gunung  Api,  East  Indies.     6s.  126E.  75 

Gunungtua,  Sumatra,     in.  iooe.  69 

Gurdaspur,  Punjab.     32N.  75E.  58 

Gurgaon,  Punjab.     28N.  77E.  59 

Gurla  Mountain,  Tibet.     30N.  82E.  60 

Gurrah,  Rajputana.     25N.  72E.  59 

Gurun,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  37E.  46 

Gutah,  Punjab.     30N.  75E.  58 

*Gutti,  Madras.     15  n.  78E.  62 

Gwa,  Burma.     i8n.  94E.  67 

Gwadur,  Baluchistan.     25 n.  62E.  45 

Gwaja-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     30N.  129E.  89 

Gwal,  Punjab.     3 in.  69E.  58 

*Gwalior,  Central  India.     26N.  78E.  60 

Gwas-san,  Japan.     39N.  140E.  88 

Gwettur,  Persia.     25 n.  6ie.  45 

Gya,  Kashmir.     34N.  78E.  58 

Gya  Peak,  Kashmir.     32 n.  78E.  58 

Gyaing,  Burma.     17N.  98E.  67 

Habban,  Arabia.     15N.  47E.  44 

Hachinohe,  Japan.     40N.  142E.  88 

Hachirogata,  Japan.     40N.  141E.  88 

Hachoji,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Hadad  Rimmon,  Palestine.     33 n.  35E.  12 

Ha-dong,  Indo-China.     i6n.  109E,  70 

Hadramaut,  Arabia.     17N.  50E.          44,  45 
Hadramaut    Mahrah,     Arabia.        17N. 

50E.                                                      44,  45 

Hagi,  Japan.     34N.  13  ie.  89 

Hagiang,  Indo-China.     23N.  105E.  70 

Hagui,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 

Hai,  China.     35 n.  119E.  83 

Hai-an,  China.     20N,  iioe,  84 

Hai-cheng,  China.     36N.  io6e.  82 

Hai-cheng,  Manchuria.     4 in.  123E.  90 

Hai-chwen  Island,  China.     21N.  113E.  85 

*Haidarabad,  Haidarabad.     17N.  79E.  62 

Haidarabad,  Sind.     25N.  68e.  59 

Hai-duong,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io6e.  70 

Hai-ju,  Korea.     38N.  126E.  90 

Hai-ling  Island,  China.     2 in.  ii2E.  84 

Hai-nan  Island,  China.     19N.  iioe.  84 

Hai-nan  Strait,  China.     20N.  iioe.  84 


Index 


189 


PAGE 

Hai-ning,  China.     3in.  121E.  85 

Hai-pang,  Korea.     33N.  126E.  90 

Hai-phong,  Indo-China.     2 in.  107E.  70 

Hai-tau  Bay,  China.     24N.  ii8e.  85 

Hai-yang,  China.     37N.  122E.  83 

Hai-yong,  Korea.     43N.  130E.  90 

Hajin,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  36E.  46 

♦Hakata,  Japan.     34N.  130E.  89 

Hakodate,  Japan.     41N.  141E.  88 

Haku  San,  Japan.     36N.  137E.  91 
Halcon  Mt.,  Mindoro.     Phihppine  Is. 

i6n.  ii8e.  77 

Haleb,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  37E.  46 

Haleb,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  38E.  46 

Halhul,  Palestine.     32 n.  35E.  12 

Halla,  Sind.     26N.  68e.  59 

Hal-la-san,  Korea.     3N.  127E.  90 

Halli,  Arabia.     19N.  41E.  44 

Halmaheira,  East  Indies.     2n.  129E.  75 

Halys  Cape,  Asia  Minor.     42N.  36E.  46 

Hamad,  Arabia.     3 in.  40E.  44 

Hamada,  Japan.     35N.  132E.  91 

♦Hamadan,  Persia.     35N.  48E.  47 

Hamamatsu,  Japan.     35N.  138E.  91 

Hambantotta,  Ceylon,     6n.  Sie.  63 

Ham-Gyeng,  North,  Korea.     41N.  129E.  90 
Ham-Gyeng,  South,  Korea.     40N.  128E.  90 

Ham-leung,  Korea.     40N.  127E.  90 

Hamirpur,  United  Provs.     26N.  80E.  60 
Hammam  All,  Turkey  in  Asia.    36N.43E.  47 

Hammath,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

Hamun,  Persia.     3 in.  6oe.  45 

Hamun  Marsh,  Persia.     28N.  62E.  45 

Han,  China.     3 in.  104E.  84 

Han  River,  Korea.     37N.  127E.  90 

Ha-nam,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io6e.  70 

Hanarikonda,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  8oe.  62 

Han-cheng,  China.     36N.  iioe.  82 

Han-chung,  China.     33N.  107E.  82 

Handa,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Hangal,  Bombay.     15N.  75E.  57 

Hang-chau,  China.     30N.  120E.  85 

Hang-chau  Bay,  China.     30N.  12  ie.  85 

♦Han-kau,  China.     31N.  114E.  85 

Han-kiang,  China.     32N.  iioe.  82 

Han-kiang  River,  China.     32N.  112E.  84 

Hannathon,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

♦Hanoi,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io6e.  70 

♦Hansi,  Punjab.     29N.  76E.  59 

Han-yang,  China.     3 in.  114E.  85 

Han-yin,  China.     33N.  109E.  82 

Haranhalli,  Mysore.     13N.  76E.  63 

*Harbin,  Manchuria.     46N.  127E.  90 

HardanhulH,  Mysore.     I2n.  77E.  63 

Hardoi,  United  Provinces.     27N.  80E.  60 

♦Hardwar,  United  Provinces.     30N.  78E.  60 

Harihar,  Mysore.     14N.  76K.  62 

Harima,  Japan.     35 n.  135E,  91 


PAGE 

Hari  Rud  River,  Persia.     35N.  6ie.  45 

Harnai,  Punjab.     30N.  68e,  58 

Harran,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  39E.  47 

Hasah,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  42E.  47 

Hasdu  River,  Central  Provs.     22 n.  83E.  60 

Hasora,  Kashmir.     35N.  75E.  58 

Hassan,  Mysore.     13N.  76E.  63 

Hassan  Dagh,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  34E.  46 

Hathnur,  Haidarabad.     20N.  79E.  62 

Hathras,  United  Provs.     28N.  78E.  60 

Ha-tien,  Indo-China.     ion.  104E.  71 

Ha-tinh,  Indo-China.     i8n.  io6e.  70 

Haut,  Siam.     i8n.  99E.  70 

Hawaii,  Cape,  Siberia.     7 in.  178W.  95 

♦Hayil,  Arabia.     28E.  42E.  44 

Hazaribagh,  Bengal.     24N.  85E.  60 

Hazor,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Hazro,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  40E.  47 

*Hebron,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Hedie,  Arabia.     26N.  39E".  44 

Hei-shui,  China.     43N.  ii8e.  83 
Helmand  River,  Afghanistan.     34N.  67E.  58 

Heng-chau,  China.     27N,  112E.  84 

Heng-shan,  China.     27N.  112E.  84 

Heng-shan  Mt.,  China.     27N.  112E.  84 

Heng-shi,  China.     24N.  112E.  85 

Heng-yang  Pen.,  Korea.     34N.  127E.  90 

Henzada,  Burma.     17N,  95E.  67 

Herald  Island,  Siberia.     72  n.  175W.  95 

♦Herat,  Afghanistan.     34N.  62E.  45 

Hermon,  Mount,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

♦Heshbon,  Palestine.     32N,  36E.  12 

He-tan  Island,  China.     26N.  120E.  85 

Hetozaki,  Lu-Chu  Island.     27N.  128E.  89 

Hida,  Japan.     36N.  137E.  91 

Hidaka  Mountains,  Japan.     42N.  143E.  88 

♦Hikone,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Hilleh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     33N.  45E.  47 

Himalaya  Mts.,  Kashmir.     33N.  77E.  58 

Himeji,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

Hime  Thuan,  Indo-China.     iin.  io8e.  yz. 

Hin,  Siam.     i8n.  ioie.  70 

Hindiah,  Turkey  in  Asia.     32 n.  45E.  47 

Hindon,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E.  59 
Hindu    Kush    Mts.,    Afghanistan.     36N. 

70E.  45 

Kindupur,  Madras.     14N.  77E.  63 

Hinganghat,  Central  Provs.     20N.  79E.  60 

Hingoli,  Haidarabad.     20N.  77E.  62 

Hiogo,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

Hippos,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Hirado-shima,  Japan.     33N.  130E.  89 
Hira-shima,  Lu-Chu  Island.     30N.  I30E.  89 

Hirijuru,  Mysore.     14N,  77E.  63 

Hirosaki,  Japan.     40N.  141E.  88 

Hiroshima,  Japan.     34N.  133E.  91 

Hissar,  Bokhara.     38N.  68e.  45 

Hissar,  Punjab.     29N.  76E.  59 


190 


Index 


Hit,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  43E. 
Hitachi,  Japan.     36N.  140E. 
Hitoyoshi,  Japan.     32N.  13 ie. 
Hiwase,  Japan.     34N.  135E. 
Ho,  China.     32N.  ii8e. 
Ho,  China.     36N.  112E. 
Hoa-binh,  Indo-China.     21N.  105E. 
Hoa-glu,  Indo-China.     12N.  109E. 


PAGE 

47 

91 
89 
91 
85 
82 
70 
71 


Hoa-pin-su  Island,  China.     26N.  134E.     89 

Ho-chi,  China.     25 n.  io8e.  84 

Hodal,  Punjab.     28N.  77E,  59 

Hodeida,  Arabia.     15N.  43E.  44 

Ho-feng,  China.     30N.  iioe.  84 

Hoi-hou,  China.     20N.  iioe.  84 

Hoi-tung,  Cliina.     19N.  hie.  84 

Hoi-yang,  Korea.     39 n.  128E.  90 

Ho-kau,  China.     40N.  hie.  82 

Hoki,  Japan.     35 n.  134E.  91 

Ho-kiang,  China.     29N.  io6e.  84 

Ho-kien,  China.     38N.  ii6e.  83 

Hoko-to,  Formosa.     23N.  120E.  89 

Ho-kow,  Indo-China.  22N.  104E.  70 
Hokubu-ShotoIs.,Lu-ChuIs.   28N.  130E.  89 

Hokurokudo,  Japan.     37N.  138E.  91 

Homalin,  Burma.  25  n.  95E.  67 
Honan,  China.     34N.  113E.                 82,  83 

Ho-nan,  China.     35N.  112E.  82 

•Honawar,  Bombay.     14N.  74E.  57 
Honda  B.,  Palawan,  Philippine  Is.     ion. 

ii8e.  'jy 

Hong-ju,  Korea.     37N.  127E.  90 

♦Hong-kong,  China.     22N.  114E.  85 
Hong-yen,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io6e.         70 

Honjio,  Japan.  39N.  140E.  88 
Hon-koe  Bay,  Indo-China.  13N.  109E.  71 
Hon-Mat  Is.,  Indo-China.  19N.  io6e.  70 
Hon  Ne  Island,  Indo-China.     20N.  io6e.  70 

Hootah,  Arabia.     24N.  48E.  44 

Hope  Bay,  China.     23N.  117E.  85 

Horeimele,  Arabia.     25  n.  46E.  44 

Hosan,  Formosa.     22N.  121E.  89 

Hosdarg,  Madras.     12N.  75  e.  63 

Ho-shan,  China.     22N.  113E.  84 

Ho-shan,  China.     37N.  112E.  82 

Hoshiarpur,  Punjab.     32N.  76E.  58 

Ho-shui,  China.     36N.  ioSe.  82 

Hosur,  Madras.     13 n.  78E.  63 

Ho-tsin,  China.     36N.  hie.  82 

Howrah,  Bengal.     23N.  88e.  61 

Ho-3men,  China.     24N.  115E.  85 

Hpazaung,  Burma.     19N.  97E.  67 

Hsi,  China.     36N.  hie,  82 

Hsiang-chau,  China.     24N.  iioe.  84 

Hsiang-cheng,  China.     34N.  114E.  83 

Hsiang  River,  China.     27N.  113E.  85 

Hsiang-tan,  China.     28N.  113E.  85 

Hsiang-yang,  China.     32N.  H2E.  84 

Hsiang-yin,  China.     28N.  113E.  85 


PAGE 

Hsiao-kan,  China.     3 in.  114E.  85 
Hsiau-nor,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N.  iioe.  83 

Hsiau-yi,  China.     34N.  109E.  82 

Hsiau-wu-tai,  China.     40N.  115E.  83 

Hsi-cht-chin  Bay,  China.     23N.  ii6e.  85 

Hsi-chwan,  China.     33N.  112E.  82 

Hsien-hsia-ling,  China.     28N.  119E.  85 

Hsi-hsiang,  China.     33N.  io8e.  82 

Hsi-kiang  River,  China.     23N.  hie.  84 

Hsi-lin,  China.     24N.  io6e.  84 

Hsiling,  China.     39N.  115E.  83 

Hsiling  Tombs,  China.     39N.  11 5E.  83 

Hsi-lung,  China.     25 n.  io6e,  84 

Hsin-chang,  China.     29N.  12 ie.  85 

Hsin-chau,  China.     23N.  iioe.  84 

Hsin-feng,  China.     25N.  H5E.  85 

Hsing,  China.     39N.  hie.  82 

*Hsi-ngan,  China.     34N.  109E.  82 

Hsing-hwa,  China.     26N.  119E.  85 

Hsing-hwa  Sound,  China.     25N.  H9E.  85 

Hsing-i,  China.     25  n.  105E.  84 

Hsing-kwo,  China.     30N.  115E.  85 

Hsing-ngan,  China.     32  n.  109E.  82 

Hsin-hsiang,  China.     35N.  114E.  83 

Hsin-hsing,  China.     22N.  112E.  84 

Hsin-hwa,  China.     27N.  hie.  84 

Hsin-i,  China.     22N.  hie.  84 

Hsin-kan,  China.     27N.  115E.  85 

Hsin-king,  Manchuria.     42N.  124E.  90 

Hsin-ning,  China.     22N.  io8e.  84 

Hsin-tu,  China.     31N.  104E.  84 

Hsin-yang,  China.     32N.  H4E.  83 

Hsi-ping,  China.     33N.  114E.  83 

Hsiung-erh-shan,  China.     34N.  iioe.  82 

Hsiung-yao,  Manchuria.     40N.  122E.  90 

Hsiu-yen,  Manchuria.     40N.  123E.  90 

Hsi-ying-tze,  China.     41N.  114E.  83 

Hsu,  China,     34N.  11 4E.  83 

Hsu-chau,  China.     34N.  117E,  83 

Hsuen-hwa,  China.     41N.  h5e.  83 

Hsuen-wei,  China,     26N.  104E.  84 

Hsun-yang,  China.     33N.  iioe.  82 

Hsu-yang,  China.     28N.  io6e.  84 

Htayan,  Malay  Peninsula,     hn.  99E.  71 

Hua-muong,  Indo-China.     20N.  104E.  70 

*Hubli,  Bombay.     15N.  75E.  57 

Hu-chau,  China.     3 in.  120E.  85 

*Hue,  Indo-China.     i6n.  io8e.  70 

Hugli,  Bengal.     23N.  88e.  61 

*Hugli  River,  Bengal.     22N.  88e.  61 

Hu-hun-ho,  China.     42N.  122E.  83 

Hui-fa,  Manchuria.     43  n.  126E,  90 

Hui-fa-ho  R.,  Manchuria.     43N.  127E.  90 

Hu-kou,  China.     30N.  ii6e.  85 

Hulu  Plus  Mt.,  Malay  Pen.     5N.  102E.  68 
Hulu  Temengoh  Mt,  Malay  Pen.     5N. 

I02E.  68 

Humboldt  B.,  East  Indies.     3s.  141E.  75 


Index 


191 


PAGE 

Humnabad,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  77e.  62 

Hun,  Indo-China.     22N.  102E.  70 

Hu-nan,  China.     27N.  112E.  84 

Hun-chun,  Manchuria.     43N.  130E.  90 

Hung-cheng,  China.     36N.  104E.  82 

Hung-hai,  China.     23N.  115E.  85 

Hung-ho,  China.     33N.  114E.  83 

Huughoa,  Indo-China.     2 in.  105E.  70 

Hung-shui,  China.     25 n.  107E.  84 

Hung-tse-hu,  China.     33N.  ii8e.  83 

Hung-tung,  China.    36N.  112E.  82 

Hun-ho,  China.     42 n.  123E.  83 
Hun-ho  FUver,  Manchuria.     41N.  123E.    90 

Huni,  Indo-China.     22N.  104E.  70 

Hunter  Bay,  Burma.     20N.  93E.  67 

Hun-yuen,  China.     40N.  114E.  83 

Huon  Gulf,  East  Indies.     7s.  147E.  75 

Hu-peh,  China.     3 in.  113E.  84 

Hu-pu,  Mongolia.     44N.  iigE.  83 

Hurapa,  Punjab.     3 in.  73E.  58 

Hurda,  Central  Provs.     22 n.  77E,  60 

Hursola,  Bombay.     23N.  73E.  56 

Hurupirayama,  Japan.     43N.  140E.  88 
Hushungabad,  Central  India.     23N.  78E.  60 

Hu-tau  Bay,  China.     24N.  ii8e.  85 

Hu-to-ho,  China.     38N.  114E.  83 

Hu-to-ho,  China,     38N.  ii6e.  83 

Huttah,  Haidarabad.     19N.  77E.  62 

Hu-yang-pu,  China.     37N.  107E,  82 

Hwa.^China.     21N.  iiofi.  84 

Hwai,  China.     33N.  117E.  83 

Hwai-ho,  China.     32N.  115E.  83 

Hwai-king,  China.     35N.  113E.  82 

Hwai-ngan,  China.     34N.  119E.  83 

Hwai-to,  Manchuria.     44N.  125E.  90 

Hwai-yang-shan,  China.     32N.  114E.  83 

Hwai-yin,  Manchuria.     41N.  126E.  90 

Hwai-yuen,  China,     25N.  109E.  84 

Hwai-jmen,  China.     38N.  109E.  82 

Hwa-ma-chi,  China.     38N.  107E.  82 

Hwan,  China.     36N,  107E.  82 

Hwang,  China.     22N.  109E.  84 

Hwang,  China.     38N.  121E.  83 

Hwang-chau,  China.     30N.  115E.  85 

Hwang-Hal,  Korea.     38N.  126E.  90 

Hwang-ho,  China.     38N.  ii8e.  83 
Hwang-hwa-shan,  China.     40N.  113E.     82 

Hwang-ngan,  China.     31N.  115E.  85 

Hwang-shan  Mt.,  China.     30N.  ii8e.  85 

Hwanh-ho,  Indo-China.     2 in.  107E.  70 

Hwan-ho,  China.     36N.  107E.  82 

Hwa-ping,  China.     35 n.  io6e.  82 

Hwei-chang,  China.     25N.  ii6e.  85 

Hwei-chau,  China.     23 n.  114E.  85 

Hwei-chau,  China.     30N.  119E.  85 

Hwei-ho,  China.     34N.  120E.  83 

Hwei-lai,  China.     23N.  11  6e.  85 

Hyang-ju,  Korea.     39N.  126K.  90 


PAGE 

lamsk,  Siberia.     6on.  155E.  95 

Iba,  Philippine  Islands.     i6n.  120E.  yj 

Ibi  Gamin,  United  Provs.     31  n.  8oe.  60 

Icarog  Mt.,  Philippine  Is.     14N.  123W.  yy 

I-chang,  China.     3 in.  hie.  84 

I-chau,  China.     35  n.  ii8e.  83 

I'Chau,  China.     42N.  121E.  83 

I-chhen,  Korea.     38N.  127E.  90 

Ichibusayama,  Japan.     32N.  131E.  89 

Ichinomiya,  Japan.     35N.  141E.  91 

I-chwan,  China.     36N.  hoe.  8a 

Ida,  Japan.     35N.  I38e.  91 

*Ida  Mountains,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  27E.  46 

Idar,  Bombay.     24N.  73E.  56 

Idzuhara,  Japan.     34N.  130E.  89 

Idzumi,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Idzumo,  Japan.     33 n.  133E.  91 

leros,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  39E.  47 

Ifalik,  East  Indies.     6n.  145E.  75 

Ihiya-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     27N.  128E.  89 

Ikeda,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Iki  Island,  Japan.     34N.  130E.  89 

I-kiang  River,  China.     25N.  hoe.  84 

Ikuno,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

Ilgun,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  32E.  46 
Iligan,    Mindanao,    Philippine  Is.     8n. 

124E.  yy 
Iligan  B.,  Mindanao,  Philippine  Is.    8n. 

124E.  yy 

Hi,  River,  Asiatic  Russia.     46N.  75E.  94 
lUana  B.,  Mindanao,  Philippine  Is.     8n. 

123E.  yy 

Iloilo,  Philippine  Islands,     iin.  123E.  yy 

Imaharu,  Japan.     34N.  153E.  91 

Imbro  Island,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  26E.  46 

Imen-po,  Manchuria.     45 n.  128E.  90 

Inaba,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 

Inaba  Sound,  Japan.     34N.  139E.  91 

Inawashiro,  Japan.     38N.  140E.  91 

Indapur,  Bombay.     i8n.  75E.  57 

Indigirka  River,  Siberia.     71  n.  150E.  95 

Indore,  Haidarabad.     19N.  78E.  62 

Indramayu,  Java.     6s.  io8e.  76 
Indrawutty  R.,  Central  Provs.   19N.  8ie.  6a 

Indus  River,  Sind.     24N.  68e.  59 

Ineboli,  Asia  Minor.     42N.  34E.  46 

I-ning,  China.     29N.  115E.  85 

Injeh  Cape,  Asia  Minor.     42N.  35E.  46 

Insarevo,  Siberia,     62N.  88e.  94 

Inuboye  Cape,  Japan.     36N.  141E.  91 

lot  Point,  Philippine  Is.     14N.  124E.  yy 

lott-so-tone,  Siam.     i6n.  104E.  70 

Ipoh,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  ioie.  68 

Irawadi^  Burma.     17N.  95E.  67 

Irawadi  River,  Burma.     i6n.  95E.  67 
Iren    Dubassu,  Inner    Mongolia.     44N. 

1 1  IE.  82^ 
Iren  Lake„  Inner  Mongolia.    44N.  ii2£.  82 


192 


Index 


PAGE 

Iren-tala  Steppe,  Inner  Mongolia.     44N. 

113E.  82 
Iriomoto-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     24N.  124E.  89 

♦Irkutsk,  Siberia.     52N.  104E.  94 

Iro  Cape,  Japan.     35N,  139E.  91 

Irtish,  River,  Siberia.  61  n.  70E.  94 
Isabela,    Basilan,    Philippine     Is.     7n. 

I22E.  jy 

Isaldiet,  Punjab.     33N.  71E.  58 

Isbarta,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  30E.  46 

Ise  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

I-shan,  China.     36N.  iiSe.  83 

Ishigaki,  Lu-Chu  Island.  24N.  124E.  89 
Ishigaki-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     24N.  124E.  89 

Ishikari  Bay,  Japan.     43N.  141E.  88 

Ishikari  River,  Japan.     43N.  141E.  88 

Ishim,  Siberia.     56N.  70E.  94 

Ishimo  Cape,  Japan.     34N.  136E.  91 

Ishinomaki,  Japan.     38N.  141E.  88 

Iskelib,  Asia  Minor.  4 in.  35E.  46 
Iskenderun,  Turkey  in  Asia.  37N.  36E.  46 
Iskenderun,  G.  of,  Asia  Minor.   37N.  36E.  46 

Islamabad,  Burma.     22N.  92E.  61 

Islamabad,  Kashmir.     34N.  75E.  58 

Islamgurh,  Punjab.     28N.  71E.  59 

Islamkot,  Sind.     25 n.  70E.  59 

♦Ismid,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  30E.  46 

*Isnik,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  30E.  46 

♦Ispahan,  Persia.     33N.  52E.  45 

Issachar,  Palestine.  33 n.  35E.  12 
Issyk  Kul,  Lake,  As.  Russia.     43N.  78E.  94 

Itaburi,  Siam.     15N.  iooe.  70 

Itako,  Japan.     36N.  141E.  91 

Itchapur,  Madras.     19N.  85E.  62 

Itoigawa,  Japan.     37N.  138E.  91 

I-tu,  China.     30N.  iiie.  84 

I-tung,  Manchuria.     43N.  125E.  90 

Itursea,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Iwaki,  Japan.     37N.  14 ie.  91 

Iwakuni,  Japan.     34N.  132E.  91 

Iwami,  Japan.     35N.  132E.  91 

Iwanuma,  Japan.     38N.  14 ie.  88 

Iwashiro,  Japan.     38N.  140E.  91 

Iwoshima,  Japan.     3 in.  130E.  89 

lyama,  Japan.     37N.  138E.  91 

I-yang,  China.     34N.  112E.  82 

lyeshima,  Lu-Chu  Island.     27N.  128E.  8g 

lyo,  Japan.     34N.  133E.  91 

lyo  Nada,  Japan.     34N.  132E.  89 

Izu,  Japan.     35  n.  139E.  91 

Jabalpur,  Central  Provs.     23N.  8oe.  60 

*Jabbok,  River,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Jabesh  Gilead,  Palestine,     32N.  36E.  12 

Jabneh,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Jacobabad,  Sind.     28N.  68e.  59 

Jacob's  Well,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Jafarabad,  Bombay.     21N.  71E.  56 


PAG] 

Jafarabad,  Haidarabad.     20N.  76E.  6: 

Jaffua,  Ceylon,     ion.  8oe.  6; 

Jagannath,  Bengal.     20N.  86e.  6( 

Jagdalpur,  Central  Provs.     19N.  82E.  6( 

Jahla  R.,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  45E.  4; 

Jaintia  Hills,  Assam.     26N.  92E,  6: 

Jaintiapuri,  Assam.     25 n.  92E.  6: 

Jaintu,  Beng£j.     27N.  90E.  6; 

Jaipur,  Assam.     27N.  95E.  6; 

Jaisalmer,  Rajputana.     27N.  71E.  5( 

Jajepur,  Bengal.     2 in,  86e.  6: 

Jakhau,  Bombay.     23N,  69E.  5( 

J-Akhdar,  Arabia.     23N.  57E.  45 

♦Jalalabad,  Afghanistan.     34N.  70E.  5? 
Jalalpur,  United  Provinces.     26N.  8oe.   6c 

♦Jalandhar,  Punjab.     3 in.  76E.  5^ 

Jalandhar,  Punjab.     32N.  77E.  5<' 

Jalaun,  United  Provinces.     26N.  79E.  6c 

Jalk,  Persia.     27N.  62E.  4* 

Jalna,  Haidarabad.     20N.  76E.  62 

Jalpaiguri,  Bengal.     27N.  89E.  61 

Jalurpetta,  Haidarabad.     17N.  8oe.  62 

Jamba,  Malay  Peninsula,     7n.  ioie.  6£ 

Jambusar,  Bombay.     22N.  73E.  56 

Jammu,  Kashmir,     33N,  75E.  5^ 

Jamnagar,  Bombay.     23N.  70E.  56 

Jamnia,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 
Jamrud,  N.W.  Frontier  Prov.  34N.  72E.   5S 

Janjira,  Bombay.     i8n.  73E.  57 

Janmir,  Bombay.     2 in.  72E.  56 

Jano,  Punjab.     34N.  72E.  58 

Jao-chau,  China.     29N.  117E.  85 

Japara,  Java.     6s.  iiie.  76 

Japha,  Nepal.     28N.  87E.  61 

Japhia,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Japho,  Palestine.     32N.  35E,  12 

Jappen,  East  Indies.     2s.  136E.  75 

Jaraila,  Rajputana.     27N,  71E.  59 
Jaratai-dabassu,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N. 

105E.  82 

Jasak,  Inner  Mongolia.     39N.  iioe.  82 

Jask,  Persia.     26N.  58E.  45 

Jath,  Bombay.     17N.  75E.  57 

Jattir,  Palestine.     31N.  35E,  12 

Jaunpur,  United  Provs.     26N.  82E.  60 

Java  Head,  Java.     7s.  105E.  76 

Java  Island,  East  Indies.     7s.  iioe.  74 

Java  Sea,  East  Indies.     5s.  iioe.  74 

Jawad,  Rajputana.     25 n.  75E.  59 

Jawhar,  Bombay.     20N.  73E.  57 

Jaypur,  Madras.     19N.  83E.  62 

♦Jaypur,  Rajputana.     27N.  76E.  59 

Jazer,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Jeat,  Haidarabad.     19N.  76E.  62 

Jebel  Shomer,  Arabia.     28N.  42E.  44 

Jehlam,  Punjab.     33N.  74E.  581 

Jelapur,  Bombay.     15N.  75E.  57! 

Jelei  River,  Malay  Peninsula.    4N.  102E.  68 


Index 


193 


PAGE 

Jellei  River,  Borneo.     3s.  hie.  76 

Jelo  Dagh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  44E.  47 

Jen-hwai,  China.     28N.  io6e.  84 

♦Jericho,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Jerraguntha,  Madras.     15N.  79E.  62 

Jerrahi,  Persia.     3 in.  49E.  47 

•Jerusalem,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Jesselton,  East  Indies.     6n.  ii6e.  74 

Jessore,  Bengal.     23N.  89E.  61 

Jezreel,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

♦Jezreel,  Valley  of,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Jhal,  Baluchistan.     28N.  67E.  59 

Jhalore,  Rajputana.     25N.  73E.  59 

Jhalrapatam,  Rajputana.     24N.  76E.  59 

Jhang  Maghiana,  Punjab.     3 in.  72E.  58 

♦Jhansi,  Central  India.     26N.  79E.  60 

♦Jhelum  River,  Punjab.     3 in.  72E.  58 

Jhow,  Baluchistan.     26N.  66e.  45 

Jhudo,  Sind.     25 n.  69E.  59 

Jhunjhnu,  Rajputana.     28N.  75E.  59 

*Jidda,  Arabia.     22N.  39E.  44 

Jigansk,  Siberia.     67N.  123E.  ^5 

Jijurt,  Bombay.     i8n.  74E.  57 

*Jind,  Punjab.     29N.  76E.  59 

Jizou  Cape,  Japan.     36N.  133E.  91 

Jodhpur,  Rajputana.     26N.  73E.  59 

Jof,  Arabia     31N.  41E.  44 

Jogbani,  Bengal.     26N.  87E.  61 

Johor,  Malay  Peninsula.     2n.  103E,  69 

Johor  Bharu,  Malay  Pen.     2N.  104E.  69 

Johore,  East  Indies.     2N.  104E.  74 

Johor  Lama,  Malay  Pen.     2n.  104E.  69 

Johor  River,  Malay  Pen.     2n.  104E.  69 

Jokneam,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Jokyakarta,  Java.     8s.  hoe.  76 

Jollarpett,  Madras.     13N.  79E.  63 

*Joonir,  Bombay.     19N.  74E.  57 

Joppa,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Jorhat,  Assam.     27N.  94E.  67 

Joseph's  Tomb,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Jubeileh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     32N.  47E.  47 

Judi  Dagh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  43E.  47 

Julamerk,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  43E.  47 

Julfa,  Persia.     32N.  52E.  45 

Jumba,  Nepal.     29N.  82E.  60 

Jumkundi,  Bombay.     17N.  75E.  57 

Jumna  R.,  United  Provs.     26N.  82E.  60 

Jumpul,  Cape,  Sumatra.     3N.  iooe.  69 

Junagarh,  Bombay.     22 n.  70E.  56 

Junagarh,  Central  Provs.     20N.  83E.  60 

Jungar,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N.  hie.  82 

Junkseylon  Is.,  Malay  Pen.     8n.  98E.  71 

Jurah,  Rajputana.     25 n.  73E.  59 

Jushpur,  Bengal.     22N.  84E.  60 

Juttah,  Palestine.     31N.  35E.  12 

Kabadian,  Bokhara.     37N.  68e.  45 

Kabarovski,  Siberia.     48N.  135E.  95 


PAGE 

Kabend,  Persia.     27N.  53E.  45 

Kabin,  Siam.  14N.  102E.  71 
Kabul  R,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     34N. 

72E.  58 

Kachar,  Assam.     25 n.  93E.  67 

Kachhi,  Baluchistan.     29N.  68e.  59 

Kachin,  Burma.     26N.  97E.  67 

Kachiyama,  Japan.     35N.  140E.  91 

Kadarpur,  Punjab.     32N.  72E.  58 

Kadiri,  Madras.     14N.  78E.  63 

Kadraman,  Bombay.     2 in.  73E.  56 

Kadsa,  Rajputana.     27N.  73E.  59 

Kadur,  Mysore.     14N.  76E.  63 

Kafiristan,  Afghanistan.     35 n.  70E.  58 

Kaga,  Japan.     36N.  137E.  91 

Kag^,  Formosa.     23N.  120E.  89 

Kagoshima,  Japan.     31N.  131E.  89 

Kagoshima,  Great,  Japan.     31N.  131E.  89 

Kaha  River,  Punjab.     30N.  70E.  58 

Kai,  China.     27N.  107E.  84 

Kai,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Kai-feng,  China.     35N.  114E.  83 

Kai-ho,  Manchuria.     43N.  130E.  90 

Kai-hua,  China.     23 n.  104E.  84 

Kain,  Persia.     33N.  59E.  45 

Kainsk,  Siberia.     56N.  78E.  94 

Kai-ping,  Manchuria.     40N.  122E.  90 

Kai-ping  Island,  China.     22N.  114E.  85 

Kaira,  Bombay.     23N.  73E.  56 

Kaisarieh,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  35E.  46 

Kai-seng,  Korea.  38N.  126E.  90 
Kaiser   Wilhelm's   Land,    East    Indies. 

5S.  143E.  75 

♦Kaithal,  Punjab.     30N.  76E.  58 

Kai-yuen,  Manchuria.     43N.  124E.  90 

Kajang,  Malay  Peninsula.     3N.  io2e.  69 

Kajikazawa,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Kajiki,  Japan.     32N.  130E.  89 

Kakya,  Burma.  25N.  98E.  67 
Kakeroma-shima,  Lu-Chu  Island.     29N. 

129E.  89 

Kalabagh,  Punjab.     33N.  72E.  58 

Kaladji,  Bombay.  i6n.  75E.  57 
Kala  Drosh,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.   35N. 

72E.  58 

Kalam,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.    35N.  73E.  58 

Kala  Nao,  Afghanistan.     35 n.  63E.  45 

Kalapa  Island,  Java.     7s.  105E.  76 

Kalapani,  Punjab.     33N.  73E.  58 

Kalassim,  Siam.     17N.  104E.  70 

♦Kalat,  Baluchistan.     29N.  67E.  45 

Kalat,  Turkey  in  Asia.  36N.  38E.  47 
Kalat  en  Nejm,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N. 

38E.  47 
Kalat  Ramadi,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N. 

43E.  47 

Kalegouk  Island,  Burma.     i6n.  98E.  67 

Kalessi,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  27E.  46 

I) 


194 


Index 


PAGE 

Kalewa,  Burma.     23N.  94E.  67 

Kali  River,  United  Provs.     29N.  79E.  60 

Kaliganj,  Bengal.     25N.  90E.  61 

Kali  Sind  R.,  Central  India.     25N.  76E.  60 

Kaliuchin  Bay,  Siberia.     67N.  176W.  95 

Kalivan,  Siberia,     56N.  82E.  94 

Kalka,  Punjab.     3 in.  77E.  58 

Kalpentyn,  Ceylon.     8n.  8oe.  63 

Kalurkot,  Punjab.     32N.  71E.  58 

Kalutura,  Ceylon.     7n.  8oe.  63 

•Kalyan,  Bombay.     19N.  73E.  57 

Kama,  Burma.     19N.  95E.  67 

Kama,  Burma.     26N.  96E.  67 

•Kamagawa,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

Kamaishi,  Japan.     39N.  142E.  88 

Kamamet,  Haidarabad.     17N.  80E.  62 

Kamaran  Island,  Red  Sea.     15N.  43E.  44 

Kambangan,  Java.     8s.  109E.  76 

Kambing,  Port,  East  Indies.     8s.  125E.  75 

Kametsu,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     28N.  129E.  89 

Kamitsu  Shima,  Japan.     34N.  139N.  91 

Kamla  River,  Bengal,     26N.  87E.  61 

Kamok,  Punjab.     32 n.  74E.  58 

Kamon-taung,  Burma.     26N.  97E.  67 

Kampali,  Haidarabad.     15N.  77E.  62 

Kampang,  Siam.     i6n.  iooe.  70 

Kamparg,  Siam.     17N.  99E.  70 

Kampot,  Indo-China.     iin.  104E.  71 

Kamta,  Bombay.     14N.  74E.  57 

Kamtchatka,  Siberia.     58N.  160E.  95 

Kamtchatka,  G.  of,  Siberia.     55N.  163E.  95 

Kamthi,  Central  Provinces.     2 in.  79E.  60 

Kamuizaki,  Japan.     43N.  140E.  88 

Kanah,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  13 

Kanah,  Brook,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Kanazawa,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 

Kanburi,  Siam.     14N.  iooe.  71 

Kan-chau,  China.     26N.  115E.  85 

Kanchinjinga,  Mt,  Sikkim.     28N.  88e.  61 

*Kandahar,  Afghanistan.     32N.  66e.  45 

*Kandy,  Ceylon.     7n.  8ie.  63 

Kanga,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  iooe.  68 

Kangall,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  37E.  46 

Kangawa,  Japan.     35 n.  140E.  91 

Kangean  Island,  E.  Indies.     7s.  115K.  76 

Kang-ge,  Korea.     41N.  126E.  90 

*Kang-hwa,  Korea.     38N.  127E.  90 

♦Kang-ping,  China.     43N.  123E.  83 

Kangra,  Punjab.     32N.  76E.  58 

Kang-seng,  Korea.     38N.  128E.  90 

Kang-wen,  Korea.     37N,  128E.  90 

Kani,  Burma.     22 n.  95E.  67 
Kanigurum,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.   33N. 

70E.  58 

Kankari,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  34E.  46 

Kankasanturia,  Ceylon,     ion,  8oe.  63 

Kanker,  Central  Provs.     20N.  82E.  60 

Kan-kiang  River,  China.     27N.  115E.  85 


PAGB 

Kankupa,  Mysore.     15  n.  76E.  62 

Kanmitake,  Japan.     42N.  143E,  88 

Kan-ngen,  China.     19N.  109E.  84 

Kanpetlet,  Burma.     2 in.  94E.  67 

Kansaw,  Burma.     25 n.  96E.  67 

Kan-su,  China.     36N.  105E.  82 

Kan-tung-shan,  China.     3 in.  ii6e.  85 

Kanuma,  Japan.     37N.  140E.  91 

Kan-yu,  China.     35 n.  119E.  83 

Kao-chau,  China.     22N.  iiie.  84 

Kao  Kwang,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  iooe.  71 
Kao  Luong,  Malay  Peninsula.     8n.  99E.  71 

Kao-mi,  China.     36N.  120E.  83 

Kao-pan-tzu,  Manchuria.     42N.  122E.  90 
Kao  Prong,  Malay  Peninsula.     9N.  99E.  71 

Kao-yu-hu,  China^     33N.  119E.  83 

Kapalu,  Kashmir.     35N.  76E.  58 

Kap-san,  Korea.     41N.  128E.  90 

Kapsi,  Haidarabad.     19N.  77E.  62 

Kapuas  River,  East  Indies,     o.  iioe.  74 

Kara  Sea,  Siberia.     73N.  65E.  94 

Karaboghaz  G.,  Turkestan.     43N.  54E.  45 

♦Karachi,  Sind.     25 n.  67E.  59 

Kara  Dagh,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  33E.  46 

Karadagh,  Persia.     39N.  47E.  47 

Karafuto  Island,  Siberia.     50N.  143E.  95 

Karaginski  Island,  Siberia.     59N.  164E.  95 

Kara  Hissar,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  30E,  46 

Karahissar,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  39E.  47 

Kara  Magora,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  36E.  46 

Karaman,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  33E.  46 

Karang,  Java.     6s.  io6e.  76 

Karanpur,  Punjab.     33N.  73E.  58 

Karar,  Bombay.     17N.  74E.  57 
Kararizaki,  Lu-Chu  Island.     29N.  130E.  89 

Karasu,  Persia.     35N.  50E.  47 

Kara  su,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  40E.  47 

Karategin,  Bokhara.     38N.  70E.  45 

Karatsu,  Japan.     33N.  130E.  89 

Karauli,  Rajputana.     26N.  77E,  59 

Karenko,  Fonnosa.     24N.  122E.  89 

Karenni,  Burma.     19N.  97E.  67 

Kargil,  Kashmir.     35N.  76E.  58 

*Karikal,  Madras,     iin.  8oe.  63 

Karimata  Is.,  East  Indies,     is,  logE.  74 

Karimnagar,  Haidarabad.     i8n,  79E.  62 

Karimon  Java  Is.,  Java.     6s.  iioe.  76 

Kariya,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Karkalinsk,  As,  Russia.     50N.  75E,  94 

Karnal,  Punjab.     30N.  77E.  58 

Karnaphuti  River,  Burma.     22 n,  92E.  61 

Karnul,  Madras.     i6n.  78E.  62 

Karpathos,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  27E.  46 

Karshi,  Bokhara.     38N.  66e.  45 

Karskaya  Gulf,  Siberia.     69N.  68e.  94 

Kartaksho,  Kashmir.     35N.  76E.  5f 

*Karur,  Madras,     iin.  78E.  63 

Karwar,  Bombay.     15N.  74E.  57 


Index 


195 


PAGE 

Kas,  Gulf  of,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  46 

Kasai  River,  Bengal.     22N.  88e.  61 

Kasaoka,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

Kasara,  Bombay.     20N.  74  e.  57 

Kashan,  Persia.     34N.  52E.  45 

Kashiwasaki,  Japan,     37N.  139E.  91 

♦Kashmir,  Kashmir.     34N.  75E.  58 

Kashoto,  Formosa.     22N.  12 ie.  89 

Kasim,  Arabia.     27N.  45E.  44 

Kasmore,  Sind.     28N.  70E.  59 

Kasos,  Asia  Minor.     35N.  27E.  46 

Kasri-Shirin,  Persia.     35N.  46E.  47 

Kassabi,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  27E.  46 

Kassot,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  ioie.  68 

Kastamuni,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  34E.  46 

Kasukabe,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

♦Kasur,  Punjab.     31N.  75E.  58 

Katapang,  East  Indies.     7s.  115E.  76 

Katar,  Sind.     27N.  69E.  59 

Katar,  Arabia.     25N.  51E.  45 
Katarnai  Ghat,  United  Provs.     28N.  8ie.  60 

Katha,  Burma.     24N.  96E.  67 

Kathiawar  Pen.,  Bombay.     22N.  71E.  56 

Katiuchin  Bay,  Siberia.     67s.  176E.  95 

Katmandu,  Nepal.     28N.  86e.  60 

Katni,  Central  India.     24N.  8oe.  60 

Katolli,  Rajputana.     26N.  76E.  59 

Katsura,  Japan.     35N.  140E.  91 

Katsuyama,  Japan.     36N.  137E.  91 

Kattaria,  Bombay.     23N.  71E.  56 

Kauer,  East  Indies.     5s.  103E.  74 

Kau-jru,  China.     33N.  120K.  83 
Kawabe-Shichi-to  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Is.     30N. 

129E.  89 

Kawachi,  Japan.     35 n.  136E.  91 

Kawanoye,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Kawardha,  Central  Provs.     22N.  8ie.  60 

Kawe,  Burma.     24N.  95E.  67 

Kawra,  Bombay.     24N.  70E.  56 

Kayeli,  East  Indies.     3s.  127E.  75 

Kazbin,  Persia.     37N.  50E.  47 

Kazusa,  Japan.     35N.  140E.  91 

Kebao,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io7e.  70 

Kebatu  Island,  East  Indies.     4s.  io8e.  76 

Kebumen,  Java.     8s.  iioe.  76 

Kechau  River,  Malay  Pen.     4N.  102E.  68 

Kedah  River,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  iooe.  68 

Kedesh,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

Kediri,  Java.     8s.  112E.  76 

Kedron,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Kedu,  Java.     7s.  iioe.  76 

Kega,  Cape,  Indo-China.     iin.  io8e.  71 

Keilah,  Palestme.     32N.  35E.  12 

Kejeri,  Bengal.     22N.  88e.  61 

Kekri,  Rajputana.     26N.  75E.  59 

Kelantan,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  102E.  68 
Kelantan  River,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  io2E.  68 

Kelenderi,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  33E.  46 


PAGE 

40N.  37E. 

46 

25N.  I22E. 

89 

2N.  I25E. 

75 

i6n.  105E. 

70 

Kelkit,  Asia  Minor. 

Ke-lung,  Formosa. 

Kema,  East  Indies. 

Kemmarat,  Siam. 

Ken  River,  United  Provinces.    26N.  80E.  60 

Kendal,  Java.     7s.  iioe.  76 

Kendari,  East  Indies.     4s.  122E. 

Ken  Lao,  Siam.     i8n.  ioie. 

Kentei-alin,  Manchuria.      45N.  130E. 

Keonjurgurh,  Bengal.     22N.  86e. 

Kerama-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     26N.  127E. 

Keramian  Is.,  East  Indies. 

Kerasun,  Asia  Minor.     4 in. 

Keratong,  Malay  Peninsula. 


5S.  115E. 
39E. 
3N.  103E. 


74 
70 
90 
60 
89 
76 
47 
69 

♦Kerbela,  Turkey  in  Asia.  33X.  44E.  47 
Kerempeh  Cape,  Asia  Minor.  42 n.  33E.  46 
Kerioth,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

Kerkesiyeh,  Turkey  in  Asia.  35 n.  40E.  47 
Kerkhad,  Persia.     32N.  48E.  47 

♦Kerkouk,  Turkey  in  Asia.  35  n.  44E.  47 
Kerman,  Persia.     30N.  56E.  45 

Kermanshad,  Persia.     34N.  47E.  47 

Kermes,  Turkey  in  Asia.  38N.  37E.  46 
Keshin,  Arabia.     15N.  52E,  45 

Ketapang,  East  Indies.     2s.  iioe.  74 

Keum-kang-san,  Korea.  38N.  128E.  90 
Kevir,  Persia.     35N.  55E.  45 

Khabour,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  41E.       47 
♦Khaibar  Pass,  Afghanistan.     34N.  71E.  58 
Khaiber,  Arabia.     26N.  40E.  44 

Khair,  Haidarabad.     19N.  77E.  62 

Khairagarh,  Central  Provs.  2 in.  8ie.  60 
Khairi,  Bombay.     19N.  74E.  57 

Khairpur,  Sind.     27N.  69E.  59 

Khakhi,  Persia.     34N.  59E.  45 

Khamar  Mts.,  Mongolia.  44N.  120E.  83 
Khamgaon,  Berar.     20N.  77E.  60 

Khamh-hoa,  Indo-China.  12N.  109E.  71 
Khamiab,  Afghanistan.     37N.  66e.  45 

Khamir,  Arabia.     i6n.  44E.  44 

Kham-kheul,  Indo-China.  i8n.  104E.  70 
Kham-num,  Indo-China.  i8n.  105E.  70 
Kham-tong-lai,  Indo-China.  i6n.  io6e.  70 
Khana  Abasa,  Mongolia.  44N.  115E.  83 
Khandwa,  Central  Provs.  22N.  76E.  60 
Khanekin,  Turkey  in  Asia.  34N.  45E.  47 
Khanewal,  Punjab.     30N.  72E.  58 

Khangarh,  Punjab.     28N.  71E.  59 

Khanpur,  Punjab.     29N.  71E.  59 

Kharaghova,  Bombay.     23N.  72E.  56 

Khara-mangnai  Lake,   Inner  Mongolia. 

40N.  io8e.  82 

Khara-morito,     Inner    Mongolia.     40N. 

105E.  82 

Kharan,  Baluchistan.  28N.  65E.  '  45 
Khara-narin-ula,  Inner  Mongolia.     41X. 

io6e.  82 

Khara  Nor,  Inner  Mongolia.     39N.  104E.  82 


196 


Index 


PAGE 

Khara-obo,  Inner  Mongolia.     42N.  105E.  82 

Kharapat,  Burma.     24N.  94E.  67 

Kharasom,  Assam.     25 n.  95E.  67 

Kharbin,  Manchuria.     46N.  127E.  90 

Kharder,  Punjab.     28N.  70E.  59 

Kharfa,  Arabia.     24 n.  46E.  44 

Khariar,  Central  Provs.     20N.  83E.  60 

Kharikar,  Afghanistan.     35  n.  69E.  45 

Kharpat,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  39E.  47 

Kharroh,  Sind.     27N.  70E.  59 

Kharsawan,  Bengal.     23N.  86e.  60 

Khas,  Indo-China.     14N.  io8e.  71 

Khasi  Hills,  Assam.     26N.  92E.  61 

Khatanga  Gulf,  Siberia.     75 n.  iioe.  94 

Khatanga,  River,  Siberia.     71N.  io8e.  94 

Khatangsk,  Siberia.     72N.  102E.  94 

Khatchi,  Nepal.     28N.  83E.  60 

Khatsir,  Mongolia.     44N.  120E.  83 

Khawak  Ft,  Afghanistan.     35N.  70E.  58 

Khazr,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  43E.  47 

Khenka,  Lake,  Siberia.     45 n.  132E.  95 

♦Khios,  Asia  Minor.     38N,  26E.  46 

♦Khiva,  Turkestan.     42 n.  6oe.  45 

Khobido  daban,  Mongolia.     44N.  117E.  83 

Khoi,  Persia.     39N.  45E.  47 

Kholu,  Baluchistan.     30N.  69E.  58 

Khong,  Indo-China.     14N.  io6e.  71 

Khongmalong,  Burma.     27N.  98E.  67 

Khora,  Kashmir.     35N.  77E.  58 

Khorasan,  Persia.     34N.  59E.  45 

Khoremabad,  Persia.     34N.  47E.  47 

Khost,  Afghanistan.     33N.  70E.  58 

Khuduluk,  Mongolia.     44N.  ii8e.  83 

Khulan-chen,  Manchuria.     46N.  127E.  90 

Khulm,  Afghanistan.     37N.  68e.  45 

Khurir,  Bombay.     24N.  70E.  56 
Khurkhu  Range,  Inner  Mongolia.     43 n. 

105E.  82 

Khusalgarh,  Punjab.     34N.  72E.  58 

Khyrpur,  Punjab.     30N.  72E.  58 

Ki,  China.     30N.  115E.  85 

Ki,  China.     36N.  hie.  82 

Ki,  China.     37N.  ii6e.  83 

Ki,  China.     38N.  115E.  83 

Ki,  China.     40N.  117E.  83 

Ki  Island,  East  Indies.     6s.  133E.  75 

Kia,  China.     38N.  iioe.  82 

Kia-hsing,  China.     3 in.  12 ie.  85 

Kiai,  China.     33N.  105E.  82 

Kiai,  China.     35N.  hie.  82 

♦Kiakhta,  Siberia.     50N.  107E.  94 

Kianf,  China.     36N.  hie.  82 

Kiang-hai,  Siam.     20N.  iooe.  70 

Kiang-Khan,  Siam.     i8n.  io2E.  70 

Kiang  Kheng,  Burma.     2 in.  ioie.  67 

Kiang-Khong,  Siam.     20N.  iooe.  70 

Kiang  Kwang,  Indo-China.     19N.  103E.  70 

Kiang-pei,  China.     30N.  io6e.  84 


PAGE 

Klang-Sen,  Siam.     20N.  iooe.  70 

Kiang-shan,  China.     29N.  119E.  85 

Kiang-si,  China.     27N.  ii6e.  85 

Kiang-su,  China.     33 n.  120E.  83 

Kiang-tan-ho  River,  China.     29 n.  io8e.  84 

Kiang  Tung,  Burma.     2 in.  iooe.  67 

Kiao-chau,  China.     36N.  120E,  83 

Kiao-chau  Bay,  China.     36N.  120E.  83 

Kia-ting,  China.     30N.  104E.  84 

Kia-ting-kiang  R.,  China.     31N.  io6e.  84 

Kia-ying,  China.     24N.  ii6e.  85 


31N.  79E.  60 
91 


Kidarnath  Mt,  United  Provs. 

Kidzuki,  Japan.     35N.  133E. 

Kien,  China.     32N.  io6e. 

Kien,  China.     34N.  io8e. 

Kien-chang,  China.     27N.  117E. 

Kien-chang,  China.     29N.  ii6e. 

Kien-chang,  China.     41N.  119E, 

Kien-chau,  China.     28N.  109E. 

Kien-ning,  China.     27N.  11  Be. 

Kien-shl,  China.     31N.  iioe. 

Kien-te,  China.     30N.  117E. 

Kien-yang,  China.     27N.  ii8e. 

Kie-shi,  China.     23N.  ii6e. 

Kii,  Japan.     34N.  136E. 

Kii  Chan,  Japan.     34N.  135E. 

Ki-kiang,  China.     29N.  107E. 

Kil-ju,  Korea.     41N.  129E. 

Ki-men,  China.     30N.  ii8e. 

Kin-chang-kau,  China.     42N.  120E. 

Kin-chau,  China.     22N.  io8e. 

Kin-chau,  China.     41N.  121E. 

Kin-chau,  Manchuria.     39N.  121E. 

Kindat,  Burma.     24N.  95E. 

King,  China.     35N.  107E. 

King,  China.     38N.  ii6e. 

King  Island,  Burma.     i2n.  98E. 

Kinga,  Cape,  Siberia.     63 n.  i8oe. 

Ki-ngan,  China.     27N.  115E. 

King-chau,  China.     30N.  112E. 

King-men,  China.     3 in.  ii2E.    • 
;*King-te-shen,  China.     29N.  117E. 
I  King-yang,  China.     36N.  io8e. 
I  King-yuen,  China.     24N.  io8e. 
I  Kin-hwa,  China.     29N.  120E. 
I  Kinibalu  Mt.,  East  Indies.     6n.  ii6e. 
j  Kin-kiang  River,  China.     28N.  117E. 
I  Kinkwazan,  Japan.     38N.  142E, 
I  Kinsan,  Afghanistan.     33N.  67E. 
i  Kinta  S.,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  ioie. 
I  Kioga  Cape,  Japan.     36N.  135E. 
I  Kiong-heung,  Korea.     42 n.  130E. 
♦Kioto,  Japan.     35 n.  136E. 

Kirenga,  River,  Siberia.     58N.  io8e. 

Kirensk,  Siberia.     58N.  io8e. 

Kirin,  Manchuria.     44N.  127E. 

Klrin,  Manchuria.     45 n.  128E. 

Kirishima,  Japan.     32N.  132E. 


Index 


197 


PAGE 

Kir  Moab,  Palestine.     3 in.  36E.  12 

Kisanto,  Formosa.     25N.  122E.  89 

Kishangarh,  Rajputana.     27N.  75E.  59 

Kishangarh,  Rajputana.     28N.  71E.  59 

Kishani  River,  Afghanistan.     32N.  67E.  58 

Kishen  River,  Kashmir.     34N.  74E.  58 

Kishim  Island,  Persia.     26N.  56E.  45 

Kishinowada,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Kishnagherry,  Madras.     13N.  78E.  63 

♦Kishon,  River,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Ki-shui,  China.     27N.  115E.  85 

Kislim  Is.,  Persian  Gulf.     27N.  56E.  45 

Kisogawa,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Kissengunge,  Bengal.     26N.  88e.  61 

Kistawar,  Kashmir.     33N.  76E.  58 

Kitab,  Bokhara,     39N.  67E.  45 

Kitakami,  Japan.     40N.  I4IE.  88 

Kit-tha-reng,  Burma.     12N.  99E,  71 

Kitur,  Bombay.     i6n.  75  e.  57 

Kiu-chau,  China.     29N.  119E.  85 

Kiu-kiang,  China.     30N.  ii6e.  85 

Kiu-kung-shan,  China.     29N.  115E.  85 

Kiu-lung-kiang  R.,  China.     24N.  ii8e.  85 

Kiung-chau,  China.     20N.  hie.  84 

Kiyamuzaki,  Lu-Chu  Is.     26N.  128E.  89 

Kizil  Arvat,  Turkestan.     39N.  56E.  45 

Kizil  Irmak  R.,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  34E.  46 

Kizil  Uzen,  Persia.  37N.  48E,  47 
Klaung  Pak-chau  R.,  Burma,     ion.  99E.  71 

Klong  Doang,  Malay  Pen.     8n.  99E.  71 

♦Kobe,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

Kochi,  Japan.     34N.  133E.  91 

Kodaka,  Japan.     38N.  141E.  91 

Koemari,  Ceylon.     7n.  82E.  63 

Kofu,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Koga,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

Kohat,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     34N.  71E.  58 

Koh  Chang,  Siam.     I2n.  io2E.  71 

Koh  Gram,  Malay  Pen.     ion.  iooe.  71 

Koh  Kong,  Indo-China.     iin.  103E.  71 

Koh  Kut,  Siam,     I2n.  103E.  71 

Koh  Pennan,  Malay  Pen.     ion.  iooe.  71 

Koh  Rong,  Indo-China.     iin.  103E.  71 

Koh  Samuie,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  iooe.  71 

Koh  Si-chang,  Siam.     13N.  ioie.  71 

Koh  Tang,  Indo-China.     ion.  103E.  71 

Koh  Tau,  Malay  Peninsula,     ion.  iooe.  71 

Koh  Tron,  Indo-China.     ion.  104E.  71 

Koilah,  Rajputana.     28N.  73E.  59 

Koilkonda,  Haidarabad.     17N.  78E.  62 

Ko-je-do,  Korea.     35 n.  129E.  90 

Kokan,  Turkestan.     40N.  71E.  45 

Kokarit,  Burma.     17N.  98E.  67 

Kokelay,  Ceylon.     9N.  8ie.  63 

Koktechavsk,  As,  Russia.     53N.  69E.  94 

Kokura,  Japan.     34N.  13  ie.  89 

Kolaba,  Bombay.     19N.  73E.  57 

Ko-lan,  China.     39N.  112E.  82 


PAGE 

Kolapur,  Bombay.     17N.  74E.  57 

♦Kolar,  Mysore.     13N.  78E.  63 

Kolima  Mts.,  Siberia.     64N.  158E.  95 

Kolima  River,  Siberia.     69N.  162E.  95 

Kolleru  Lake,  Madras.     17N.  8ie.  62 

Komagatahe,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Komatsu,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  91 

Komchuk,  China.     23N.  113E.  85 

Komodo  Is.,  East  Indies.     8s.  120E.  74 
Kompong-chenang,    Indo-China.     I2n. 

105E.  71 
Kompong     Thom,     Indo-China.     13N. 

105E.  71 

Komta,  Central  Provs.     22N.  8oe.  60 

Ko-mung  B.,  Indo-China.     14N.  109E.  71 

Konadah,  Madras,     i8n.  84E.  62 

Konda,  Kashmir.     35N.  75E.  58 

♦Kondapalli,  Madras.     17N.  8ie.  62 

Kong-ju,  Korea.     36N.  127E.  90 

Kong-mun,  China.     22N.  113E.  85 

♦Konieh,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  33E.  46 

Kon-ken,  Siam.     i6n.  103E.  70 

Kon-tum,  Indo-China.     14N.  io8e.  71 

Kopah,  Malay  Peninsula.     9N.  98E.  71 

Kopah  Inlet,  Malay  Pen,     9N,  98E,  71 

Kopal,  Asiatic  Russia.     45 n.  8oe.  94 

Korat,  Siam.     15N.  102E.  71 

Korea,  Bengal.     23 n.  82E.  60 

Korea  Strait,  Japan.     34N,  130E.  89 
Korean  Archipelago,  Korea.     34N.  127E.  go 

Korido,  East  Indies,     is,  135E.  75 

Korinar,  Bombay,     2 in,  71E.  56 

Korinchi  Mt.,  East  Indies.     2S.  loiE.  74 

*Kos,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  27E.  46 

Koshab,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  43E.  47 

Koshi  River,  Bengal.     25N,  87E.  61 

Koshiki-shima,  Japan.     32N.  130E.  89 

Koshun,  Formosa.     21N.  121E,  89 

Kota  Bharu,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  ioie.  68 

Kotah,  Rajputana,     25N,  76E,  59 

Kotaintan,  Sumatra,     in.  iooe,  69 
Kota  Jalor,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  ioie.  68 

Kotakara,  Lu-Chu  Island,     30N,  130E,  89 

Kota  Krunei,  Malay  Pen,     6n.  ioie.  68 

Kotal,  Punjab.     30N.  67E.  58 
Kota  Pana,  Malay  Peninsula,     5N.  103E,  68 

Kotar,  United  Provinces,     28N.  8oe.  60 

Kota  Raja,  East  Indies.     5N,  95E.  74 

Kota  Tek,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  102E.  68 

Kotelroi  Island,  Siberia.     75  n,  140E.  95 

Kothupilli,  Madras.     17N.  82  e.  62 

Kotiam,  Madras,     ion.  76E.  63 

Kotli,  Kashmir.     34N.  74E.  58 

Kotour,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  44E.  47 

Kotri,  Sind.     25 n.  68e.  59 

Kotsuke,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Kottur,  Madras.     15N.  76E.  62 

Kouznitz,  Siberia,     54N,  S3E.  94 


198 


Index 


PAGE 
68 

44 
62 

71 
71 
74 
69 
94 
45 
71 
71 
76 
68 
46 
62 
61 
95 
89 
84 
83 
71 


71 

71 
68 
69 


Kow,  Malay  Peninsula,     ys.  ioie. 
Koweit,  Arabia.     29N.  48E. 
Kowlas,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78E. 
Kra,  Malay  Peninsula,     iin.  99E. 
Kra,  Isthmus  of,  Malay  Pen.     ion.  99E. 
Krakatoa  Is.,  East  Indies.     6s.  105E. 
Kranji,  Malay  Peninsula,     in.  104E. 
Krasnoiarsk,  Siberia.     56N.  93E. 
Krasnovodsk,  Turkestan.     40N.  53E. 
Krat,  Siam.     12N.  102E. 
Kratie,  Indo-China.     12N.  io6e. 
Krawang,  Java.     6s.  107E. 
Krian  River,  Malay  Pen.     5N.  iooe. 
Krio  Cape,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  27E. 
Krishna  River,  Madras.     i6n.  8ie. 
Krishnagar,  Bengal.     23N.  89E. 
Kronotski,  Cape,  Siberia.     54N.  163E. 
Krusenstern  Strait,  Japan.     34N.  130E. 
Ku,  China.     3 in,  107E. 
Ku,  China.     36N.  119E. 
Kua  Bassac  R.,  Indo-China.     ion.  io6e. 
Kua  Ham-long   R.,   Indo-China.     ion. 

107E. 
Kua    Ko-kien    R.,    Indo-China.     ion. 

107E. 
Kuala  Kangsar,  Malay  Pen.  5N.  ioie. 
Kuala  Klang,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  ioie. 
Kuala  Klawang,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  102E.  69 
Kuala  Kubu,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  102E.  69 
Kuala  Lipis,  Malay  Pen.  4N.  102E.  68 
Kuala  Lumpur,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  102E.  69 
Kuala  Pilah,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  102E.  69 
Kuala  Semantcui,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  102E.  69 
Kuala  Sembrong,  Malay  Pen.  2N.  104E.  69 
Kuantan  River,  Malay  Pen.  4N.  103E.  69 
Kubaritake,  Japan.     43N.  142E.  88 

Kubessa,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  43E. 
Kuchaman  Road,  Rajputana.     27N.  75E, 
Kuch  Behar,  Bengal.     26N.  90E. 
Kuching,  East  Indies.     2N,  iioe. 
Kuchino  -  erabu  -  shima,    Japan.     30N. 

130E. 
Kuchino-shima,  Japan.     30N.  130E. 
Kuchinotsu,  Japan.     33N.  130E. 
Kudo-khuduk,    Inner    Mongolia.     4 in. 

104E. 
Kudri  Mukh,  Madras.     13N.  75E. 
Ku-fau,  China.     36N.  117E. 
Kuhak,  Persia.     27N.  62E. 
Ku-ho  River,  China.     3 in.  107E. 
Kuiten,  Mount,  China.     42 n.  114E. 
Kui-ting-shan  Mt,  China.     32 n.  104E. 
Kuji,  Japan.     40N.  142E. 
Kuju-san,  Japan.     33N.  13 ie. 
Ku-kan,  Siam.     14N,  104E. 
Ku-la-dan,  Burma.     2 in.  93E. 
Ku-la-dan  River,  Burma.     20N.  93E. 
Kulna,  Bengal.     23N.  90E. 


47 
59 
61 

74 


89 
89 

82 
63 
83 
45 
84 
83 
84 
88 
89 
71 
67 
67 
61 


PAGl 

81 

A 

7< 
7( 


Ku-lu-shan,  China.     4 in.  114E. 
Kum,  Persia.     35N.  51E. 
Kumai,  Borneo.     3s.  112E. 
Kumai  Bay,  Borneo.     3s.  112E. 
Kumalmer,  Rajputana.     25N.  74E. 
Kumamoto,  Japan.     33N.  13 ie. 
Kumanogawa,  Japan.     34N.  136E. 
Kumbakonam,  Madras,     iin.  79E. 
Kume-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     26N.  127E. 
Kumisheh,  Persia.     32N.  52E. 
Kumple,  Madras.     13N.  75  e. 
Kumpol,  Borneo.     3s.  iioe. 
Kumpu-wapi,  Siam.     17N.  103E. 
Kun  China.     33N.  112E. 
Kundgol,  Bombay.     15N.  76E. 
Kunduz,  Afghanistan.     36N.  69E. 
Kung-chang,  China.     35N.  105E. 
Kungit  Island,  East  Indies.     4s.  ii6e 
Kun-kiang  River,  Korea.     36N.  127E. 
Kunlong,  Burma.     23N.  99E. 
Kun-lun-shan,  China.     37N.  12  ie. 
Kunsan,  Korea.     36N.  127E. 
Kupang,  East  Indies.     los.  124E. 
Ku-pei-kou,  China.     41N.  117E. 
Kuram,  Afghanistan.     34N.  70E. 
Kuram  Ft,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     34N. 

70E. 
Kuram  Pass,  N.W,  Frontier  Provs.  33N. 

71E. 
Kuram  R.,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     33N. 

71E. 

Kurd  Dagh,  Turkey  in  Asia.  37N.  37E.  46 
Kurdistan,  Turkey  in  Asia.  38N.  43E.  47 
Kurdo,  Inner  Mongolia.  42N.  104E. 
Kure,  Japan.  34N.  133E. 
Kuren,  Persia.  3 in.  49E. 
Kurhurbari,  Bengal.  24N.  86e. 
Kurgan,  Siberia.  55N.  65E. 
Kuri  River,  Rajputana.  26N.  75E. 
Kuria  Muria  Is.,  Arabia.  i8n.  56E. 
Kurigram  River,  Bengal.  26N.  90E. 
Kurmegala,  Ceylon.  7n.  8oe. 
Kuma,  Turkey  in  Asia.  3 in.  47E. 
Kurohane,  Japan.  37N,  140E. 
Kuroshima,  Japan.  31N.  130E. 
Kurtle  Strait,  Siberia.  5 in.  157E. 
Kurume,  Japan.  33N.  131E. 
Kushiro,  Japan.  43N.  144E. 
Kushiro,  Japan.  43N.  145E. 
Kushiro,  Lake,  Japan.  43N.  144E. 
Kushk,  Afghanistan.  35 n.  62E. 
Kushkan,  Persia.  3 in.  56E. 
Kushkizerd,  Persia.  3 in.  52E. 
Kusupchi  Sands,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N. 

io8e.  82 

Kutaya,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  50E.  46 

Kutei  River,  East  Indies,     in.  ii6e.        74 
Ku-tsing,  China.     25  n.  104E.  84 


8$ 
93 
63 
85 

43 
64 

?( 

n 
82 
62 

45 
82 
76 
90 
67 
83 
90 

75 
83 

58 

58 
58 
58 


82 
91 
47 
61 

94 
59 
45 
61 

63 
47 
91 

89 
95 
89 

88 
88 
88 
45 
45 
45 


Index 


199 


PAGE 

Kuwana,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Ku-wu,  China.     36N.  hie.  82 

Ku-yuen,  China.     36N.  io6e,  82 

Kwa,  Burma.     i8n.  94E.  67 

Kwa,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io2E.  70 

Kwala  Banka,  Sumatra.     2N.  ioie.  69 

Kwalu  River,  Sumatra.     3N.  iooe.  69 

Kwan,  China.     3 in.  104E.  84 

Kwang,  China,     32N.  115E,  83 
Kwang  -  binh  -  dinh,  Indo  -  China.    i8n, 

107E.  70 
Kwang- chau- wan  B.,  China.     2 in.  hie.  84 

Kwang-hai,  China.     22N.  113E.  85 

Kwang-hsin,  China.     28N.  ii8e.  85 

Kwang-ju,  Korea.     35 n.  127E.  90 

Kwang-kiang  R,  China.     26N.  115E.  85 

Kwang-nam,  Indo-China.     i6n.  io8e.  70 

Kwang-nan,  China.     24N.  105E.  84 

Kwang-ngai,  Indo-China.     15  n.  109E.  70 

Kwang-ping,  China.     37N.  115E.  83 

Kwang-si,  China.     24N.  109E,  84 

Kwang-Suong,  Indo-China.     20N.  io6e.  70 

Kwang- te,  China.     31N.  120E.  85 

Kwang-tsi,  China.     30N.  ii6e.  85 

Kwang-tu,  Indo-China.     17N.  107E.  70 

Kwang-tung,  China.     23N.  114E.  85 

Kwang-tung  Pen,,  China.     39N.  12 ie.  83 

Kwang-jruen,  China,     32N.  io6e.  82 

Kwan-tien,  Manchuria.     41N.  125E.  90 

Kwei,  China.     23N,  hoe.  84 

Kwei,  China.     3 in.  hie.  84 

Kwei-chau,  China.     27N.  107E.  84 

Kwei-chau,  China.     3 in.  hoe.  84 

Kwei-kiang  River,  China.     24N.  hie.  84 

Kwei-kwa-cheng,  China.     41N.  H2E,  82 

Kwei-lin,  China.     25N.  hie.  84 

Kwei-tung,  China.     26N.  114E.  85 

Kwei-yang,  China.     26N.  107E.  84 

Kwi,  Korea.     37N.  127E.  90 

Kwi-chu,  Indo-China.     19N.  105E.  70 

Kyan-kin,  Burma.     i8n.  95E.  67 

Kyauk-chaing-gale,  Burma.     17N,  95E.  67 

Kyauldcyi,  Burma.     19N.  97E.  67 

Kyauk-pyu,  Burma.     19N.  94E.  67 

Kyaukse,  Burma.     22N.  96E.  67 

Kyauktaga,  Burma.     i8n.  97E.  67 

Kyeng-ju,  Korea.     36N.  129E.  90 

Kyeng-San,  North,  Korea.     36N.  128E.  90 

Kyeng-San,  South,  Korea.     35N.  128E.  90 

Kyeng-seng,  Korea.     42N.  130E.  90 

Kyithi  Bansan,  Burma.     22N.  98E.  67 

Kyondon,  Burma.     i6n.  95E,  67 

Labot  Mt,  Philippine  Is.     14N.  123E.  'j'j 

Labuan  Batu,  Sumatra.     2N.  iooe.  69 

Labuan  Bilik,  Sumatra.     2N.  iooe.  69 

Labuan  Is.,  East  Indies.     5N.  hje.  74 

Lachish,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 


PAGE 


Lacon  Bight,  Malay  Pen.     8n.  iooe. 
Ladak,  Kashmir.     34N,  78E. 
Ladik,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  32E. 
Ladno,  Rajputana.     28N.  74E. 
Ladrone  Is.,  East  Indies.     17N.  143E, 
Lagree  Peak,  Indo-China.     15N.  io6e. 
La-han,  Indo-China.     20N.  io2e. 
Lahijan,  Persia.     37N.  50E. 
♦Lahore,  Punjab.     32 n,  74E. 
Lai-chau,  China.     37N.  120E. 
Lai-chou,  Indo-China.     22N.  103E. 
Lai-feng,  China     29N.  109E. 

33N.  36E. 

37N.  121E. 
34N.  78E. 


7^ 
58 
46 

59 
75 
70 
70 
45 
58 
83 
70 

84 
la 

83 
58 
70 
70 
56 
59 
58 
58 
69 
90 


Laish,  Palestine. 

Lai-yang,  China. 

Lakam,  Kashmir. 

Lakhon,  Siam.     17N.  105E. 

Lakhone,  Siam.     i8n.  iooe. 

Lakhpat,  Bombay.     24N.  69E. 

Laki,  Sind.     26N.  68e. 

Laki  River,  Baluchistan.     30N.  68e. 

Lala  Musa,  Punjab.     33 n.  74E. 

Lalang,  Sumatra,     in.  io2e. 

Lalin,  Manchuria.     45 n.  127E. 

La-lin-ho  River,  Manchuria.     45  n.  12  6e.  90 

Lallatpur,  Central  Provs.     25 n.  78E.  60 

Lambay  Island,  Formosa,     22N,  120E.  89 

Lamloam,  Turkey  in  Asia.     32N.  45E  47 

Lamotrek,  East  Indies.     7n.  145E.  75 

Lampun,  Siam.     19N.  99E.  70 

Lamu,  Burma.     19N.  94E,  67 

Lanao  Lake,  Mindanao,   Philippine  Is, 

8n.  124E.  Tj 

Lan-chau,  China.     36N.  104E.  82 

Lancon,  Malay  Peninsula.     8n.  iooe.  71 

Lang  Bian,  Indo-China.     12n.  io8e.  71 

Langdao,  Burma.     27N.  98E.  ty 

Langlam  Mts.,  Burma.     28N.  97E.  67 
Lang-shan,  Inner  Mongolia,     4  in.  107E.  82 

*Lang-son,  Indo-China.     22N.  107E.  70 

Lang-suan,  Malay  Pen.     ion.  99E.  71 

Lang  Xuyen,  Indo-China.     ion.  105E.  yi 

Lan-ha-ho,  China.     43N.  12 ie,  83 

Lanjut,  Malay  Peninsula.     2n,  103E.  69 

Lan-shan,  China.     25 n.  H2E.  84 

Lan-tien,  China.     34N.  109E.  82 

Lan-tsi-kala,  China.     42 n.  ii8e.  83 

Lan-yi  Island,  China.     25 n.  120E.  85 

Lao-chang-ho,  China.     38N.  117E.  83 

Lao-ho,  China.     32N.  112E,  82 

Lao-kay,  Indo-China.     22N.  104E.  70 

Laos,  Indo-China.     19N.  103E.  70 

Laos,  West,  Siam.     19N.  99E.  70 

Lao-shan  Bay,  China.     36N.  12  ie.  83 

La  Perouse  Strait,  Japan.     45N.  142E.  88 

Lappa,  China,     22N.  114E.  85 

Lar,  Persia.     27N.  54E.  45 

Lara  River,  Afghanistan.     32  n.  67E.  58 

Larantuca,  East  Indies.     8s.  121E.  74 


200 


Index 


PAGE 

Larkhana,  Sind.     27N.  68e.  59 

Lash,  Afghanistan.     3 in.  62E.  4.5 

Lashio,  Burma.     23N.  98E.  67 

Las  Islas  B.,  Philippine  Is.     qn.  123E.  TJ 

Lauag,  Philippine  Islands.     i8n.  121E.  yy 

Laut,  East  Indies.     4s.  ii6e.  76 

Laut  Island,  East  Indies.     4s,  ii6e.  74 

Laut  Kechil  Is.,  East  Indies.     5s.  ii6e.  76 

Laut  Strait,  Borneo.     4s.  ii6e.  76 

Lawn  Mountain,  Java.     8s.  hie.  76 

Lay,  Cape,  Indo-China.     17N.  107E.  70 

Lay-Thuy,  Indo-China.     17N.  107E.  70 

Lazistan,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  40E.  47 

♦Lebanon,  Mounts.,  Palestine.     34N.  36E.  12 

Lebeh  River,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  io2E.  68 

Lebonah,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Lebos,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  26E.  46 

Ledo,  Assam.     27N.  96E.  67 

Ledung  Bay,  Sumatra.     3N.  iooe.  69 

Legeh,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  io2E.  68 

Le-gnya,  Burma,     iin.  99E.  71 

Legya,  Burma.     2 in.  98E.  67 

*Leh,  Kashmir.     34N.  78E.  58 

*Leiah,  Punjab.     3 in.  71E.  58 

Lei-chau,  China.     2 in.  hoe.  84 

Lei-chau  Peninsula,  China.     2 in.  hoe.  84 

Lei-po,  China.     28N.  104E.  84 

Lei-yang,  China.  26N.  113E.  85 
Lem  Kolang  Puk,  Malay  Pen.     8n.  iooe.  71 

Leninos,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  25E.  46 

Le-mro  River,  Burma.     20N.  94E.  67 

Le-myet-hua,  Burma.     i8n.  95E.  67 

Len,  Siam.     19N.  10 ie.  70 

Lena  River,  Siberia.     73N.  128E.  95 

Lenga,  Malay  Peninsula.     2n.  103E.  69 

Leontes,  River,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Leo  Porgial  Mt,  Kashmir.     32N.  78E.  58 

Leros,  Asia  Minor.  37N.  27E.  46 
Leyte  Island,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  125E.  yj 

Lhasa,  Tibet.     3 in.  91E.  61 

Li,  China.     34N.  105E.  82 

Lia-chau  Bay,  China.     38N.  119E.  83 

LiakoT  Island,  Siberia.  76N.  148E.  95 
Liangan,  Philippine  Islands.     9N.  126E.  77 

Liant,  Cape,  Siam.     13N.  ioie.  71 

Liao-ho,  China.     42 n.  123E.  83 

Liao-tie-shan  Chan,  China.    39N.  12  ie.  83 

Liao-tung,  Manchuria.     40N.  123E.  90 

Liao-yang,  Manchuria.     41N.  123E.  90 

Lien,  China.     25N.  113E.  85 

Lien  River,  China.     28N.  112E.  84 

Lien-chau,  China.     2 in.  109E.  84 

Lien-hwa,  China.     26N.  114E.  85 

Lien-kiang,  China.     26N.  120E.  85 

Lien-ping,  China.     24N,  114E.  85 

Lien-shan,  China.     25 n.  112E.  84 

Ligor,  Isthmus  of,  Malay  Pen.    8n.  iooe.  71 

.  Lilma,  Rajputana.     26N.  70E.  59 


PAGE 

Li-ma  Island,  China.     22N.  114E.  85 

Limri,  Bombay.     23N.  72E.  56 

Lin,  China.     38N,  hie.  82 
Linao  B.,  Philippine  Islands.     7n.  124E.  77 

Linapacan,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  120E.  yy 

Linawara,  Bombay.     23  n.  74 e.  56 

Lindsay,  East  Indies.     20N.  140E.  75 

Ling,  China.     26N.  114E.  85 

Ling,  China.     38N.  io6e.  82 

Linga  Island,  East  Indies,     o.  105E.  74 

Lingah,  Persia.     26N.  55E.  45 

Lingayen,  Philippine  Is.     i6n.  120E.  yy 
Lingayen  B.,  Philippine  Is.     i6n.  120E.  yy 

Ling-kiang  River,  China.     29N.  hie.  84 

Ling-shui,  China.     19N.  hoe.  84 

Ling-shui  Bay,  China.     19N.  hoe.  84 

Lingsugur,  Haidarabad.     i6n.  77E.  62 

Ling-tsing,  China.     37N.  ii6e.  83 

Lin-kao,  China.     20N.  hoe.  84 

Linkhera,  Bombay.     23 n.  74E.  56 

Lin-kiang,  China.     28N.  115E.  85 

Linping,  China.     3 in.  120E.  85 

Lio-yang,  China.     33N.  io6e.  82 

Li-ping,  China.     26N.  109E.  84 

Li-po,  China.     25N.  io8e.  84 

Li-shin  River,  China.     29N.  112E.  84 

Liu-chau,  China.     24N.  109E.  84 

Liu-kiang  River,  China.     25 n.  109E.  84 

Liu  Kiu  Is.,  East  Indies.     25N.  126E.  75 

Liu-ngan,  China.     32N.  h6e.  85 

Liu-pa,  China.     34N.  107E.  82 

Liu-pin  Pass,  China.     35N.  io6e.  82 

Liu-pin-shan,  China.     36N.  io6e.  82 

Llao-hsi,  China.     41N.  12  ie.  83 

Lo-cheng,  China.     25N.  109E.  84 

Lo-chwan,  China.     36N.  109E.  82 

Lodhran,  Punjab.     30N.  72E.  58 

Loey,  Siam.     i8n.  io2e.  70 

Lo-fu,  China.     25N.  107E.  84 

Lohaia,  Arabia.     i6n,  43E.  44 

Lo-ho,  China.     35 n.  109E.  82 

Lo-ho,  China.     35N.  112E.  82 

Loikaw,  Burma.     20N.  97E.  67 

Lo-jung,  China.     24N.  hoe.  84 

Lo-ling,  China.     38N.  117E.  83 

Lo-ma-hu,  China.     34N.  ii8e.  83 

Lomblen  Is.,  East  Indies.     8s.  123E.  75 

Lombok,  East  Indies.     9s.  ii6e.  74 

Lombok  Strait,  East  Indies.     9s.  11  6e.  76 

Lo-min,  China.     2  in.  hoe.  84 

Londa,  Bombay.     i6n.  74E.  57 

Londang,  Malay  Peninsula.     2N.  103E.  69 

Long  Island,  East  Indies.     5s.  147E.  75 

Long  Strait,  Siberia.     70N.  180E.  95 

Lopatka,  Cape,  Siberia.     5  in.  157E.  95 

Lopburi,  Siam.     15N.  ioie.  71 

Lo-ping,  China.     25 n.  104E.  84 

Lora  River,  Afghanistan.     30N.  65E.  45 


Index 


20I 


PAGE 

Loralai,  Punjab.     30N.  69E.  58 

Lord  North  Is.,  East  Indies.     4N.  13 ie.  75 

Los  Jardines,  East  Indies.     22N.  150E.  75 

Loth,  Arabia.     20N.  41E.  44 

Lo-ting,  China.     23N.  hie.  84 

Lo-ting,  China.  39N.  119E.  83 
Lo-to-kan-tsze,  Manchuria.     44N.  129E.  90 

Loughborough  Is.,  Burma,     ion.  98E.  71 

Lu,  China.     29N.  io6e.  84 

Lu,  China.  36N.  113E.  83 
Luang  Prabang,  Indo-China.    20N.  102E.  70 

Lubang  Is.,  Philippine  Is.  14N.  120E.  'jy 
Lubok   Serampang,    Malay    Pen.      3N. 

102E.  69 

Lubuk  Batu,  Sumatra,     in.  10 ie.  69 

Lu-chau,  China.     32N.  117E.  85 

Luckimpur,  Assam.     27N.  94E.  67 

♦Lucknow,  United  Provs.     27N.  8ie.  60 

Ludhiana,  Punjab.     3 in.  76E.  58 

Lu-feng,  China.     23 n.  ii6e.  85 

Lughi,  Indo-China.     iin.  io8e.  71 

Lulfabad,  Persia.     37N.  59E,  45 

Lumut,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  ioie.  68 

Lung-chau,  China.  22 n.  io7e.  84 
Lung  -  ching  -  tsun,  Manchuria.     43 n. 

128E.  90 

Lung-kiang  River,  China.     24N.  109E.  84 

Lung-kou,  China.     38N.  120E.  83 

Lung-men,  China.     36N.  iioe.  82 

Lung-men,  China.     24N.  114E.  85 

Lung-men-kau,  China.     35N.  115E.  83 

Lung-ngan,  China.     32N.  104E.  82 

Lungu,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  iooe.  68 

Lung-yen,.  China.     25N.  117E.  85 

Luni  River,  Rajputana.     25N,  71E.  59 

Lunkaransar,  Rajputana.     29N.  74E.  59 

Luristan,  Persia.     34N.  47E.  47 

Lushai  Hills,  Burma.     24N.  93E.  61 

Lu-shan  Mountain,  China.     29N.  ii6e.  85 

Lu-shi,  China.     34N.  hie.  82 

Lusi,  Java.     7s.  hie.  y^ 

Lut  Desert,  Persia.     3 in.  58E.  45 

Lu-tien,  China.     27N.  104E.  84 

Luzon,  Philippine  Islands.     i6n.  12  ie.  yy 

Lwan,  China.     40N.  119E.  83 

Lwan-ho,  China.     4 in.  117E.  83 

Lyallpur,  Punjab.     3 in.  73E.  58 

Lydda,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Macajalar  B.,  Philippine  Is.     9N.  125E.  yy 

♦Macao,  China.     22N.  114E.  85 

Macassar,  East  Indies.     5s.  119E.  74 

Macassar,  Str.  of,  E.  Indies,     o.  119E.  74 

McCluer  Inlet,  East  Indies.     2s.  13 ie.  75 

Mach,  Baluchistan.     30N.  67E.  58 

Mackau  Island,  Korea.     35N.  125E.  90 

Macton  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     ion.  124E.  yy 

Madawatchi,  Ceylon.     9N.  8oe.  63 


PAGE 

Madeya,  Burma.     22N.  96E,  67 

Madgiri,  Mysore.     14N.  77E.  63 

Madhawipalem,  Madras,     i6n.  82E.  62 

Madhupur,  Bengal.     24  n.  87E.  61 

Madinn,  Java.     8s.  112E.  76 

♦Madras,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

Madura,  Madras,     ion.  78E.  63 

Madura,  Java.     7s.  113E.  76 

Madura  Strait,  Java.     7s.  113E.  76 

Magahan,  Rajputana.     29N.  74E.  59 

Magdala,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  13 

Maghribi,  Sind.     24N.  68e.  59 

Magwe,  Burma.     20N.  95E.  67 

Mahamonec,  Burma.     2 in.  93E.  67 

Mahanadi  River,  Bengal.     20N.  86e  60 

Mahanaim,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Mahavilla  River,  Ceylon.     8n.  8ie.  63 
Mahbubnagar,  Haidarabad.     17N.  78E.   62 

Mahdi  River,  Bombay.     23N.  73E.  56 

*Mahe,  Madras.     i2n.  76E.  63 

Mahim,  Bombay.     20N.  73E.  57 

Mahore,  Haidarabad.     20N.  78E.  62 

Mahran,  Persia.     35 n.  49E.  47 

Mala  River,  Siberia.     58N.  136E.  95 

Maiaco,  East  Indies.     25 n.  124E.  75 

Mai-ko  River,  Manchuria.     46N.  129E.  90 

Maimana,  Afghanistan.     36N.  65E.  45 

Maing-Kaing,  Burma.     22N.  98E.  67 

Maingkat,  Burma.     23N.  98E.  67 

Maingkyeng,  Burma.     23 n.  99E.  67 

Maing-long,  Burma.     23N.  97E.  67 

Maingma,  Burma.     23N.  98E.  67 

Maingnaung,  Burma.     22N.  98E.  67 

Maingpan,  Burma.     20N.  99E.  67 

Maingpat,  Burma.     23N.  98E.  67 

Maingpon,  Burma.     2 in.  98E.  67 

Maingpyin,  Burma.     2 in.  97E.  67 

Maingsat,  Burma.     2 in.  99E.  67 

Maingshu,  Burma.     22N.  99E.  67 

Mainpuri,  United  Provs.     27N.  79E.  60 

Maisana,  Bombay.     23 n.  72E.  56 

Makallah,  Arabia.     15N.  49E.  44 

Makhlaf,  Arabia.     i8n.  45E.  44 

Makhowal,  Punjab.     3 in.  76E.  58 

Ma-kia-ho,  China.     38N.  ii8e.  83 

Makkarinupuri,  Japan.     42N.  141E.  88 

Makrai,  Central  Provs.     22N.  78E.  60 

Makri,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  29E.  46 

Maktal,  Haidarabad.     17N.  77E.  62 

Maku,  Persia.     39N.  45E.  47 

Makum,  Assam.     28N.  96E.  67 

Malabar,  Java.     7s,  107E.  76 

Malabar  Coast,  Madras.     12N.  75E.  63 

Malacca,  Malay  Peninsula,     2n.  io2E.  69 

Malacca  Strait,  E.  Indies.     3N.  iooe,  74 
Malakand,  N,W.  Frontier  Provs.     35 n. 

72E.  58 

Malakwal,  Punjab.     32N.  73E.  58 


202 


Index 


PAGE 

Malalayor,  Cape,  Borneo.     4s.  114E.  76 
Malampaya  B.  (Palawan  Is.),  Philippine 

Islands,     iin.  119E.  TJ 

Malang,  Java.     8s.  113E.  76 

Malanud  Kot,  Punjab.     30N.  71E.  58 

♦Malatiyeh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  38E.  47 

Malay  Pen.,  East  Indies,     ion.  iooe.  74 

Mai  Bazar,  Bengal.     27N.  89E.  61 

Maldah,  Bengal.     25 n.  88e.  61 

Male,  Burma.     23N.  96E.  67 

Maler  Katla,  Punjab.     3 in.  76E.  58 

Malhou  Is.,  Philippine  Is.-  iin.  124E.  yy 

Mali-Kha  River,  Burma.     26N.  98E.  67 

Malin,  Burma.     26N.  95E.  67 

Malkher,  Haidarabad.     17N.  77E.  62 

Malki,  Madras.     13N.  75E.  63 

Mallia,  Bombay.     23N.  71E.  56 

Malligaum,  Bombay.     2 in.  75E.  56 

Malucca  Passage,  E.  Indies,     o.  126E.  75 

Mfilwan,  Bombay.     i6n.  73E.  57 

Mamures,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  39E.  47 

Manaar,  Ceylon.     9N.  80E.  63 

Manaar,  Gulf  of,  Madras.     9N.  79E.  63 

Manantaudi,  Madras.     I2n.  76E.  63 

Manasseh,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Man-aung  Island,  Burma.     19N.  94E.  67 

Mancheri,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E.  59 

♦Mandalay,  Burma.     22N.  96E.  67 

Mandan  River,  Sumatra,     in.  io2E.  69 
Mandarin  Road,  Indo-China.    17N.  107E.  70 

Mandarin's  Cap.,  China.     2 in.  113E.  84 

Mandelika,  Java.     6s.  hie.  76 

Mandella,  Borneo.     3s.  ii6e.  76 

Mandlah,  Central  Provs.     22N.  80E.  60 

Mandvi,  Bombay.     23N.  69E.  56 

Mandwa,  Bombay.     22N.  70E.  56 

*Mangalore,  Madras.     13N.  75  e.  63 

Mangalpur,  Bombay.     2 in.  70E.  56 

Mangampet,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  8oe.  62 

Manikpur,  N.W,  Provinces.     25 n.  82E.  60 

♦Manila,  Philippine  Islands.     15N.  121E.  yj 

Manipur,  Assam.     25 x.  94E.  67 

Manipur  River,  Bunna.     24N.  94E.  67 

*Manissa,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  27E.  46 

Maniyachi,  Madras.     9N.  78E.  63 

Manjerra  R.,  Haidarabad.     19N.  78E.  62 

Mankera,  Punjab.     31N.  71E.  58 

Manmad,  Bombay.     20N.  74E.  56 

Mannagur,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  8ie.  62 

Mannargudi,  Madras,     iin.  8oe.  63 

Mansak,  Burma.     23N.  99E.  67 

Mansaraur,  Lake,  Thibet.     31N.  8ie.  60 
Mantalingajan  Mt,,  Philippine  Is.     8n. 

ii8e.  yy 

Mantotottama,  Ceylon.     9N.  8oe.  63 

Manus  Island,  2s.  146E.  75 

Maon,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

Mao-shan,  Manchuria.     45 n.  127E.  90 


PAGE 

Maragah,  Persia.     38N.  46E.  47 

Marand,  Persia.     39N.  46E.  47 

Marash,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  37E.  46 

Marat,  Rajputana.     27N.  75E.  59 
Mardan,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.   34N.  72E.  58 

Mardin,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  41E.  47 

Mardodi,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  79E.  62 

Marella,  Madras.     15N.  80E.  62 

Mareshah,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Margaum,  Bombay.     15 n.  74E.  57 

Margelan,  Turkestan.     4 in.  72E.  45 

Mari,  Punjab.     33N.  72E.  58 

Mari  River,  Sind.     28N.  6qE.  59 

Mariani,  Assam.     27N.  94E.  67 

Marianne  Is.,  East  Indies.     17N.  143E.  75 

Marianne  Strait,  E.  Indies.     8s.  139E.  75 

Marikuppam,  Mysore.     13N.  78E.  63 

Marimsk,  Siberia.     56N.  88e.  94 
Marinduque    Is.,     Philippine    Is.     13N. 

I22E.  yy 
Marmara,  Sea  of,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  28E.  46 

Marmarice,  Asia  Minor.     37N,  28E.  46 

Marri  Country,  Baluchistan.     30N.  68e.  58 

Marshall  Is.,  East  Indies.     22 n.  150E.  75 

Marsiwan,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  35E.  46 

Martaban,  Burma.     17N.  98E.  67 

Martaban,  Gulf  of,  Burma.     i6n.  97E.  67 

Martapura,  Borneo.     4s.  115E.  76 

Marudha,  Turkestan.     36N.  62E.  45 

Marugame,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Marunsk,  Siberia.     52N.  140E.  95 

Marwar  June,  Rajputana.     26N.  74E.  59 

Masada,  Palestine.     31N.  35E.  13 

Masampo,  Korea.     35  n.  128E.  90 

Masbate  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     I2N.  124E.  77 

Mascat,  Arabia.     24N.  59E.  45 

Mashake,  Japan.     43N.  142E.  88 

Mashaki,  Afghanistan.     33N.  68e.  58 

Mastung,  Baluchistan.     30N.  67E.  58 

♦Masulipatam,  Madras.     i6n.  8ie.  62 

Mataram,  Lombok.     8s.  ii6e.  76 

Matella,  Ceylon.     8n.  8ie.  63 

Ma-tien,  China.     36N.  io8e.  82 

Ma-tsu,  China.     26N.  120E.  85 

Matsumoto,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Matsusaka,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Matsushiro,  Japan.     37N.  138E.  91 

Matsuyama,  Japan.     34N,  133E.  91 

♦Matsuye,  Japan.     36N.  133E.  91 

Mattancheri,  Madras,     ion.  76E.  63 

Matun,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     33N.  70E.  58 

Matura,  Ceylon.     6n.  8ie.  63 

Matutum  Mt,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  125E.  yy 

Matuva,  Borneo.     3s.  hie.  76 

Mau,  China.     32N.  104E.  84 

Maubin,  Burma.     17N.  96E.  67 

Maukadaw,  Burma.     23N.  95E.  67 

Maukme,  Burma.     20N.  98E.  67 


Index 


203 


Maulia,  Rajputana.     27N.  77E. 
Maulmein,  Burma.     i6n.  98E. 
Maung-daw,  Burma.     2 in.  92E. 
Maung  Mai,  Siam.     iqn.  99E. 
Maung  Nan,  Siam.     19N.  ioie. 
Maung  Prai,  Siam.     i8n.  iooe. 


PAGE 

59 
67 

67 
70 
70 
70 

Maurits  Reef,  P.,  E.  Indies.  6s.  ii6e.  76 
Mawlu,  Burma.     24N.  96E.  67 

Mayait  L.,  Philippine  Is.  ion.  125E.  ^7 
Mayavaram,  Madras,     iin.  8oe.  63 

Mayehashi,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Mayhlaung,  Siam.     13N.  iooe.  71 

Mayo  Bay,  Philippine  Is.  7n.  126E.  yy 
Mayon,  Philippine  Islands.  13N.  127E.  TJ 
Majm  River,  Burma.     20N.  93E.  67 

Mazanderan,  Persia.     36N.  52E.  45 

Meakantake  Island,  Japan.  43N.  144s.  88 
Mears,  East  Indies.     24N.  147E.  75 

♦Mecca,  Arabia.     2 in.  40E,  44 

Me-che,  Burma.     19N.  98E.  67 

Medak,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78E.  62 

Medebah,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

♦Medina,  Arabia.     25  n.  40E.  44 

♦Meerut,  United  Provs.     29N.  78E.  59 

Meester  Cornells,  Java.     6s.  107E.  76 

Meezan,  Burma.     17N.  98E.  67 

♦Megiddo,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Megna  River,  Bengal.     23N.  90E.  61 

Mehkar,  Berar.     20N.  76E.  60 

Mei,  China.     30N.  104E.  84 

Mei,  China.     34N.  io8e.  82 

Mei-kiang  River,  China.  24N.  ii6e.  85 
Meiktila,  Burma.     2 in.  96E.  67 

Mei-ling  Mountain,  China.  25N.  114E.  85 
Me  Ing,  Siam.     20N.  iooe.  70 

Meis,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  29E.  46 

Mei- tan,  China.     28N.  io8e.  84 

Me  Khoke,  Siam.     2 on.  iooe.  70 

Me-klong,  Siam.     13N.  iooe.  71 

Me-kong  River,  Indo-China.  ion.  io6e.  70 
Mekran,  Baluchistan.     25 n.  62E.  45 

Melasgerd,  Turkey  in  Asia.  39N.  42E.  47 
Melkapur,  Berar.     2 in.  76E.  56 

Melsir,  Rajputana.     29N.  74E.  59 

Me  Lu,  Siam.     2 on.  iooe.  70 

Melu  Prey,  Indo-China.  14N.  105E.  71 
Menado,  East  Indies.     2N.  125E.  75 

Menam,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  71 

Menama,  Arabia.     26N.  51E.  45 

Menam- kway-nauna,  Siam.  13N.  iooe.  71 
Me  Nam  Wang,  Siam.     17N.  99E.  70 

Menam  Yome,  .Siam.     i6n.  iooe.  70 

Menara,  River,  Malay  Pen.  6n.  io2E.  68 
Mendawe,  Borneo.     3s.  113E.  76 

♦Menderes  River,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  28E.  46 
Meng-cheng,  China.     33N.  117E.  83 

Meng-yin,  China.     36N.  ii8e.  83 

Mentawei  Is.,  East  Indies.     2S.  98E.         74 


PAGE 

Menyo,  Burma.     i8n.  96E.  67 

Me  Ping,  Siam.     i6n.  iooe.  70 

Merapi  Mount,  Java.     8s.  hie.  ^6 

Merbau,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  iooe.  68 

Mergui,  Burma.     12N.  98E.  71 

Mergui  Archipelago.     12N.  98E.  71 
Merom,  Waters  of,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

Mersina,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  35E.  46 

♦Merta,  Rajputana.     27N.  74E.  59 

Merta  Road,  Rajputana.     27N,  74E.  59 

Meru  Bay,  Java.     9s.  114E.  76 

♦Merv,  Turkestan.     38N.  62E.  45 

Merwara,  Rajputana.     26N.  74E.  59 

Mesana,  Bombay.     24N.  72E.  56 

Mesandum,  Cape,  Arabia.     26N.  56E.  45 

♦Meshed,  Persia.     36N.  59E.  45 

Meskineh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  38E.  47 
Mesopotamia,  Turkey  in  Asia.    37N.  40E.  47 

Mettapolliam,  Madras,     iin.  77E.  63 

Meyhere,  Central  India.     24N.  81E.  60 

Miandoab,  Persia.     37N.  46E.  47 

Miani,  Bombay.     22 n.  69E.  56 
Miankalai,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     35N. 

72E.  58 

Mianwali,  Punjab.     33N.  71E.  58 

Miao-tao  Island,  China.     38N.  12  ie.  83 

Michailovsk,  Turkestan.     40N.  54E.  45 

♦Michmash,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Middle  Island,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  98E.  71 

Midnapore,  Bengal.     22N.  88e.  61 

Midzusawa,  Japan.     39N.  14  ie.  88 

Mien,  China.     3 in.  105E.  84 

Mien-yang,  China.     30N.  113E.  85 

Mihara,  Japan.     34N.  133E.  91 

Miharu,  Japan.     37N.  141E.  91 

Mikawa,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Mikuni  Toge,  Japan.     37N.  139E,  91 

Mikura  Shima,  Japan.     34N.  140E.  91 

Milasa,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  28E.  46 

Mimasaka,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 

Min,  China.     34N.  104E.  82 

Minahassa,  East  Indies,     in.  124E.  75 

Minato,  Japan.     36N.  14 ie.  91 

Minato,  Japan.     40N,  142E.  88 

Minbu,  Burma.     20N.  95E.  67 

Mindanao,  East  Indies.     8n.  124E.  75 

Mindoro  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     13N.  121E.  yj 

Mindoro  Str.,  Philippine  Is.     13N.  121E.  yy 

Mingin,  Burma.     23N.  94E.  67 

Minhla,  Burma.     i8n.  96E.  67 

Min-ho  River,  China.     29N.  105E.  84 

Min-kiang  River,  China.     26N.  119E.  85 

Mino,  Japan.     36N.  137E.  91 

Min-tsing,  China.     26N.  119E.  85 

Miraj,  Bombay.     17N.  75E.  57 
Miran  Shah,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     33N. 

70E.  58 

Miri,  Baluchistan.     26N.  63E.  45 


204 


Index 


PAGH 

Mirkhan  Tana,  Sind.     26N,  68e.  59 

Mirpur,  Kashmir.     33N.  74E.  58 

Mirpur,  Sind.     25 n.  68e.  59 

Mirpur,  Sind.     25 n.  69E.  59 

Mirs  Bay,  China.     22N.  114E.  85 

Mirzapur,  N.W.  Provinces.     25N.  82E.  60 

Misol  Island,  East  Indies.     2s.  130E.  75 

Misumi,  Japan.     33 n.  13  ie.  89 

Mithan  Kot,  Punjab.     29N,  70E.  59 

Mito,  Japan.     36N.  141E.  91 

Mitsuna-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     25N.  124E.  89 

Mitta,  Punjab.     32N.  72E.  58 

♦Mityleni,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  27E.  46 

Miyagam,  Bombay.     22N.  73E.  56 

Miyaka  Shima,  Japan.     34N.  140E.  91 

Miyako,  Japan.     40N.  142E.  88 

Miyako  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Island.     24N.  126E.  89 

Miyakoshima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     25 n.  125E.  89 

Miyazaki,  Japan.     32N.  13  ie.  89 

Miyoshi,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

Mi-yun,  China.     40N,  117E.  83 

Moa,  East  Indies.     8s.  128E.  75 

Mobarakpur,  Punjab.     30N.  73E.  58 

Mocha,  Arabia.     13N.  43E.  44 

Modeste  Island.     35 n.  125E.  90 

Mogami  River,  Japan.     39N.  140E.  88 

Mogaung,  Burma.     25 n.  97E.  67 

Moghal  Sarai,  United  Provs.     25 n.  83E.  60 

Mogok,  Burma.     23N.  96E.  67 

Mohammerah,  Persia.     30N.  48E.  47 

Mohangarh,  Rajputana.     27N.  71E.  59 

Moi,  Indo-China.     19N.  102E.  70 

Moirang,  Assam.     24N.  94E.  67 

Mois,  Indo-China.     15 n.  io8e.  70 

Mojarh,  Punjab.     29N.  72E.  59 

Moji,  Japan.     34N.  131E.  89 

Mojma,  Arabia.     26N.  46E.  44 

Molangur,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  79E.  62 

Mollacallamuru,  Mysore.     15N.  77E.  62 

Molpo,  Korea.     35 n.  126E.  90 

Molsi,  Punjab.     30N.  72E.  58 

Moluccas,  East  Indies.     3s.  127E.  75 

Mombetsu,  Japan.     44N.  143E,  88 

Momeit,  Burma.     23N.  97E.  67 

Mominabad,  Haidarabad.     19N.  76E.  62 

Monda,  Rajputana.     26N.  74E.  59 

Mone,  Burma.     20N.  98E.  67 

Mong-cy,  Indo-China.     2  in.  io8e.  70 

♦Monghyr,  Bengal.     25N.  86e.  61 

Monhyin,  Burma.     25N.  97E.  67 

Montgomery,  Punjab.     3 in.  73E.  58 

Montgomery  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Is.     27N.  128K.  89 

Monywa,  Burma.     22N.  95E.  67 

Mopani,  Central  Provs.     23N.  79E.  60 

Moradabad,  United  Provs.     29N.  79E.  60 

Morbat,  Arabia.     17N.  55E.  45 

Moresly  Port,  East  Indies.     los.  146E.  75 

Moresses  Island,  E.  Indies.     45.  ii6e.  76 


PAGE 

Mori,  Japan.     42N.  141E.  88 

Morioka,  Japan.     40N.  141E.  88 
Mormugao,  Bombay.     15N.  74E. 
Morne,  Cape,  China.     19N.  109E. 
Mororan,  Japan.     42N.  141E. 
Morotai  Island.     3N.  129E. 
Morvi,  Bombay.     23N.  71E. 
Moscos  Island,  Burma.     14N.  97E. 
Moseirah  Island,  Arabia.     20N.  59E. 

♦Mosul,  Turkey  in  Asia.    36N.  43E. 

Mo-tien-ling,  Manchuria.     4 in.  124E.  90 

Motihara,  Bengal.     27N.  85E.  60 

Motoyoshi,  Japan.     39N.  142E.  88 

Moyoro,  Japan.     42N.  143E.  88 

Mozuffurabad,  Kashmir.     34N.  73E.  58 

Muakhom,  Burma.     26N.  97E.  67 

Mualitch,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  28E.  46 

Muang  Ang  Tong,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  71 

Muang  Fang,  Siam.     20N.  99E.  70 

Muanglem,  Burma.     22N.  99E.  67 

Muang  Lim,  Burma.     2 in.  iooe.  67 

Muang  Lorn,  Siam.     17N.  ioie.  70 

Muang  Ta,  Burma.     20N.  99E.  67 

Muang  Yong,  Burma.     2 in.  iooe.  67 

Muar  River,  Malay  Pen.     2N.  103E.  69 

Mubarriz,  Arabia.     26N.  50K.  44 

Muda  River,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  iooe.  68 

Mudamatt  River,  Bengal.     22N.  90E.  61 

Mudera,  Haidarabad,     19N.  78E.  62 

Mudgul,  Haidarabad.     i6n.  76E.  62 

Muding,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  29E.  46 

Mudki,  Punjab.     3 in.  75E.  58 

Mugla,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  28E.  46 

Mu-ju,  Korea.     36N.  128E.  90 

♦Mukden,  Manchuria.     42N.  124E.  90 

Mulapumok,  Indo-China.     14N.  107E.  71 

Mulda,  Central  Provs.     23N.  82E.  60 

♦Multan,  Punjab.     30N.  71E.  58 

Munapaud,  Madras.     8n.  78E.  63 

Mundra,  Bombay.     23N.  70E.  56 

Mungulvera,  Bombay.     i8n.  75E.  57 

Muntok,  East  Indies.     2S.  105E.  74 

Muradkot,  Punjab.     28N.  71E.  59 

Murad  su,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  40E.  47 

Murakami,  Japan.     38N.  139E.  88 

Muren,  Manchuria.     44N.  130E.  90 

Murghab,  Persia.     30N.  53E.  45 

Murghab  River,  Turkestan.     36N.  62E,  45 

Muria  Mountain,  Java.     6s.  iiie.  76 

Muroto  Cape,  Japan.     33N.  134E.  91 

Murri,  Punjab.     34N.  73E.  58 

*Murshidabad,  Bengal.     24N.  88e.  61 

Musa  Khel,  Baluchistan.     3 in.  70E.  58 

Mu-sang,  Korea.     42 n.  129E.  90 

Musashi,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

♦Mush,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  42E.  47 

Musi  River,  Haidarabad.     17N.  8oe.  62 

Mussuri,  United  Provs.     30N.  78E.  60 


Index 


205 


PAGE 
I29E.  90 
63 

59 
45 
59 
5? 


29N. 


Mutan-kiang  R,  Manchuna.    46N. 
Mutapet,  Madras,     ion.  8oe. 
Mutri,  Baluchistan,     29N.  68e. 
Muttra,  Arabia.     24N.  59E. 
♦Muttra,  United  Provs.     27N.  78E. 
Muzaffargarh,  Punjab.     30N.  71E. 
Muzaffarnaggar,    United    Provs. 

78E. 
Muzaffarpur,  Bengal.     26N.  85E. 
Myadaung,  Burma.     24N.  96E. 
Myanaung,  Burma.     i8n.  95E. 
Myaunguya,  Burma.     17N.  95E. 
Myawaddy,  Burma.     17N.  98E. 
Myedu,  Burma.     23N.  95E. 
Myeng,  Burma.     17N,  98E. 
Myingyan,  Burma.     22N.  95E. 
Myitkyina,  Burma.     25 n.  98E. 
Myo-haung,  Burma.     2 in.  93E. 
Myotha,  Burma.     22N.  96E. 
Myra,  Asia  Minor.     36N,  30E. 
Mysore,  Mysore.     12N.  77E. 
Mytho,  Indo-China.     ion.  io6e. 

Na,  Siam.     17N.  99E. 

Naashahra,  Punjab.     28N.  70E. 

Na-Cham,  China.     22N.  107E. 

Nada,  Japan.     34N.  130E. 

Nadaun,  Punjab.     32N.  76E. 

Nafa,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     26N.  128E. 

Naga,  Philippine  Islands.     14N.  124E. 

Naga  Hills,  Assam.     26N.  95E. 

Nagano,  Japan.     37N.  138E. 

Nagaoka,  Japan.     37N.  139E. 
*Nagar,  Mysore.     14N,  75E. 

Nagar  Karnul,  Haidarabad.     i6n.  78E. 

Nagar  Parkar,  Sind.     24N,  71E. 
♦Nagasaki,  Japan.     33N.  130E. 

Naga-shima,  Japan.     32 n.  130E. 

Nagathana,  Bombay.     19N.  73E, 

Nagawalli,  River,  Madras.     i8n.  84E. 

Nagercoil,  Madras.     8n.  77E. 

Nagor,  Rajputana.     27N.  74E. 

Nagoya,  Japan.     35N.  137E. 

Nagpur,  Bengal.     23N.  86e. 
♦Nagpur,  Central  Provinces.     2 in.  79E. 
*Nain,  Palestine.     33N.  35E. 

Nain  River,  Sind.     28N.  69E. 

Naini  Tal,  United  Provs.     29N.  79E. 

Naipalgang,  United  Provs.     28N.  8ie. 

Nakano-shima,  Japan.     30N.  130E. 

Nakatorishima,  Japan.     33N.  129E. 

Nakatsu,  Japan.     34N.  13  ie. 

Nakatsugawa,  Japan.     35N.  138E, 

Naki  Shima,  Japan.     36N.  133E. 

Nakon  Sawan,  Siam.     i6n.  iooe. 

Naldurg,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  76E. 

Na-le,  Indo-China.     19N.  102E. 

Nalgonda,  Haidarabad,     17N,  79E. 


60 
60 
67 
67 
67 
67 
67 
67 
67 
67 
67 
67 
46 

63 
71 

70 
59 
84 
8q 
58 
89 
•77 
67 
91 
91 
63 
62 

59 
89 
89 
57 
62 

63 
59 
91 
61 
60 
12 

59 
60 
60 
89 
89 
89 
91 
91 
70 
62 
70 
62 


Nalhati,  Bengal.     24N,  88e. 
Nambu-shoto  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Is. 


PACK 

61 

24N.  126E,  89 


Nam-dinh,  Indo-China,     20N,  io6e. 

Namine,  Japan.     35N.  133E. 

Namiteruma  Is.  Lu-Chu  Is.     24N.  124E. 

Namkal  Droog,  Madras,     itn,  78E. 

Namka  River,  Burma,     22N.  97E, 

Nam  Kho  River,  Burma,     22N.  99E. 

Nam  Lui,  Burma,     21N.  ioie. 

Nam-maw  River,  Burma.     24N.  96E. 

Namonuito,  East  Indies.     9N.  150E. 

Nam  Pat,  Siam.     17N.  iooe. 

Nam  Si,  Siam,     15N.  105E, 

Nana,  Rajputana.     25 n.  73E. 

Nanao,  Japan.     37N.  137E. 

Nanatsu  Shima,  Japan.     37N.  137E. 

Nan-chang,  China.     28N.  ii6e. 

Nan-chwan,  China.     29N,  107E. 

Nandadebi,  United  Provs.     30N,  8oe. 

Nandair,  Haidarabad.     19N,  77E. 

Nanderbar,  Bombay,     2 in,  74E. 

Nandgaon,  Central  Provs.     2 in.  8ie. 
*Nandidrug,  Mysore.     13N.  78E. 

Naneh,  Bombay.     19N.  74E. 

Nan-feng,  China.     27N.  ii6e, 

Nangamessi,  East  Indies.     los.  120E. 

Nan-hai-do,  Korea.     35N.  128E. 

Nan-hsung,  China.     25N.  114E. 

Nan-hu,  Manchuria.     44N.  129E. 

Nanjangad,  Mysore.     12N.  77E. 

Nankaido,  Japan.     34N.  134E. 

Nan-kang,  China.     29N.  ii6e. 

Nan-kau  Mts.,  China.     40N.  115E. 

Nan-ki,  China,     29N,  105E, 

Nan-kiang,  China.     32 n.  107E. 

Nan-ki  Island,  China.     27N,  12 ie, 
*Nan-king,  China.     32N.  119E. 


Nan-kwan,  China. 
Nan-ling,  China. 
Nan-ling,  China. 
Nan  Mun,  Siam. 
Nan-ngan,  China, 


27N.  120E. 

25N,   II2E, 

31N,  ii8e, 
15N,  104E. 
26N.  114E. 


Nan-ngan  Island,  China.     23 n.  117E. 
Nan-ning,  China,     23N,  io8e. 
Nan-shan,  China,     22N,  iioE. 
Nan-yang,  China.     33N.  113E. 
Naoyetsu,  Japan.     37N.  138E. 
Napa,  East  Indies.     26N.  128E. 
Naphtali,  Palestine.     33N.  35E. 
Nara,  Japan.     35 n.  136E. 
Narabet,  Bombay.     24N.  71E. 
Narbada  River,  Bombay.     22N.  73E, 
Narglah,  Rajputana.     25 n.  77E. 
Nariad,  Bombay.     23N.  73E. 
*Narnaul,  Punjab.     28N.  76E. 
Narra  River,  Sind.     27N.  69E, 
Narrulah,  Central  Provs.     20N,  83E, 
Narsinghgarh,  Central  India,     24N,  77E.  60 


70 
91 
89 
63 
67 
67 
67 
67 
75 
70 
70 
59 
91 
91 
85 
84 
60 
62 
56 
60 

63 
57 

83 
74 
90 

85 
90 
63 
91 
85 
83 
84 
82 
85 
85 
85 
84 
85 
70 
85 
85 
84 
84 
82 

91 
75 
12 

91 
56 
56 
59 
56 
59 
59 
60 


2o6 


Index 


PAGE 

Narsingpur,  Central  Provs.     23N.  79E.  60 

Naryn,  Asiatic  Russia.     42 n.  74E,  94 

Nase,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     20N.  129E.  89 

Nasera,  Bombay.     17N.  75E.  57 

♦Nasik,  Bombay.     20N.  74E.  57 

Nasirabad,  Bengal,     25N.  90E.  61 

Nasirabad,  Bombay.     2 in.  76E.  56 

Nasirabad,  Rajputana.     26N.  75E.  59 

Nassau  Is.,  East  Indies.     3s.  iooe.  74 

Natal,  East  Indies,     ik.  99E.  74 

Natmouk,  Burma.     20N.  95E.  67 

Natu,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  iooe.  68 

Natuna  Island,  East  Indies.     4N.  io8e.  74 

Naupada,  Madras.     19N.  84E.  62 

Nausari,  Sind.     27N.  68e.  59 

Navalupitya,  Ceylon.     7N.  8oe.  63 

Navanagar,  Bombay.     23N.  70E.  56 

Nawagam,  Madras.     20N.  84  e.  62 

Nawagam,  Madras.     20N.  84E,  62 

Naya  Dumka,  Bengal.     24N.  87E.  61 

Nayor,  Japan,     43N.  142E.  88 

•Nazareth,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  13 

Nebo,  Mount,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Nefud,  Arabia.     25 n.  43E.  44 

Nefud  or  Dahna,  Arabia.     25 n.  48E.  44 

Nefud  Desert,  Arabia.     29N.  42E.  44 

♦Negapatam,  Madras,     iin.  8oe  63 

Negara,  Bali.     8s.  115E.  76 

Negombo,  Ceylon.     7n.  8oe.  63 

Negrais,  Cape,  Burma.  i6n.  94E.  67 
Negros,  Philippine  Islands,     ion.  123E.  "jy 

Neh,  Persia.     3 in,  6oe.  45 

♦Nehavend,  Persia.     34N.  48E.  47 

Nehbandan  Mts.,  Persia.     30N.  60E.  45 

Nehbendan,  Persia.     32 n.  58E.  45 

Nejd,  Arabia.     26N,  45E,  44 

Nejef,  Turkey  in  Asia.     32N.  44E.  47 

Nejran  Jauf,  Arabia.     i8n.  46E.  44 

♦Nellore,  Madras.     14N.  8oe.  62 

♦Nertchinsk,  Siberia.     52N.  117E.  95 

Netrawati  River,  Madras.     13N.  75E.  63 

Neumuro,  Japan.     43N.  145E.  88 

Neun,  Indo-China.     19N.  104E.  70 

Neung-ju,  Korea.     35N.  126E.  90 

Nevshehr,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  34E.  46 

New  Chaman,  Punjab,     3 in.  67E.  58 

New  Guinea,  East  Indies.     53.  141E.  75 

New  Find  Sultani,  Punjab.  34N.  72E.  58 
New  Pommern,  East  Indies.     6s.  149E.    75 

New  Siberia  Is.,  Siberia.     76N.  148E.  95 

Nezib,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Ngai,  Siam.     20N.  99E.  70 

Ngan,  China.     39N.  ii6e.  83 

Ngan-hwa,  China.     28N.  112E.  84 

Ngan-hwei,  China.     3 in.  117E.  85 

Ngan-hwei,  China.     32N.  ii8e.  83 

Ngan-ki,  China,     25 n,  ii8e,  85 

Ngan-king,  China,     3 in,  117E.  85 


PAGE 

Ngan-lu,  China.     3 in.  113E.  85 

Ngan-nan,  China.     26N.  105E.  84 

Ngan-shun,  China.     26N.  io6e.  84 

Ngan-ting,  China.     36N.  104E.  82 

Ngan-ting,  China.     37N.  109E.  82 

Ngan-tung,  China.     34N.  119E.  83 

Ngatv-yo,  China.     30N.  105E,  84 

Nga-pu-taw,  Burma.     17N.  95E.  67 

Ngen-ping,  China.     22N.  ii2E.  84 

Ngoi,  Indo-China.     2 in.  103E.  70 

Ngoli,  East  Indies.     9N.  137E.  75 

Ngo-shan,  China,     36N.  hie.  82 

Nha-trang,  Indo-China.     I2n.  109E.  71 

Nho-Lam,  Indo-China.     22N.  107E.  70 

Nhuong  Har.,  Indo-China.     i8n.  io6e.  70 

Nias  Island,  East  Indies,     in.  97E.  74 

Nigde,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  35E.  46 
Nightingale  Is.,  Indo-China,     20N,  io8e.  70 

Nilgata,  Japan.     38N.  139E.  91 

Niitakayama,  Formosa.     23N,  121E.  89 

Nijni  Kamtchatsk,  Siberia.     56N.  164E,  95 

Nijni  Kolimsk,  Siberia,     68n,  i6oe.  95 

Nijni  Udinsk,  Siberia,     55N.  99E.  94 

*Nikaria,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  26E.  46 

Nikkomachi,  Japan,     37N,  139E,  91 

Nikolaevsk,  Siberia,     54N,  141E,  95 

Niksar,  Asia  Minor,     41N.  37E.  46 

Nilgiri  Hills,  Madras,     iin.  77E.  63 

Nimach,  Rajputana.     25N.  75E.  59 

Nimrud  D.,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  42E.  47 

Nin-binh,  Indo-China.     20N.  io6e.  70 

♦Nineveh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  43E.  47 

Ning,  China.     36N.  io8e.  82 

Ning-ho,  China.     39N.  ii8e.  83 

Ning-hsia,  China.     38N.  io6e.  82 

Ning-hwa,  China.     26N.  117E,  85 

Ning-kiang,  China,     33N,  io6e,  82 

Ning-kwo,  China.     3 in,  119E,  85 

*Ning-po,  China,     30N,  12  ie.  85 

Ning-shen,  China.     33N.  109E,  82 

Ning-te,  China,     27N,  119E,  85 

Ning-tu,  China.     26N,  ii6e,  85 

Ninguta,  Manchuria,     44N,  129E,  90 

Ning-wu,  China,     39N.  112E.  82 

Ning-yuen,  China.     4 in.  12 ie.  83 

Ninh-hoa,  Indo-China.     13N.  109E.  71 

Ninh  Thuan,  Indo-China.     iin.  109E.  71 

Nipani,  Bombay.     i6n.  74E,  57 

Nira  River,  Bombay,     i8n,  74E.  57 

Nirayama,  Japan,     35N.  139E.  91 

Nias  Lake,  Persia,     29N,  54E,  45 

Nirmal,  Haidarabad,     19N.  78E,  62 

*Nishapur,  Persia,     36N.  59E,  45 

Nishikata,  Japan,     32N,  130E,  89 

Nishio,  Japan,     35 n.  137E.  91 

Nishi  Shima,  Japan.     36N.  133E.  91 

♦Nisibin,  Turkey  in  Asia.  37N.  41E.  47 
Nitaka  Mountains,  Formosa.    24N.  12  ie.  89 


Index 


PAGE 

Nitchbo,  Rajputana.     28N.  75E.  59 

Niu-chwang,  Manchuria.     4 in.  122E.  90 

Nizamabad,  Haidarabad.     19N.  78E.  62 

Nizampatnam,  Madras.     i6n.  8ie.  62 

Nmai  Kha,  Burma.     27N.  99E.  67 
Noagarh,  Central  Provinces.     20N.  82E.  60 

Nobeoka,  Japan.     33N.  132E.  89 

Nong-han,  Siam.     17N.  103E.  70 

Nong-khai,  Siam.     i8n.  103E.  70 

Nong-Son,  Indo-China.     i6n.  io8e.  70 
Nordwick,  Gulf  of,  Siberia.     74N.  112E.  94 

Norot,  China.     43N.  120E.  83 

North,  Cape,  Siberia.     69N.  180E.  95 

North-East  Cape,  Siberia.     77N.  102E.  94 
North-East  Point,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  iooe.  71 

Nor-to  Mountains,  China.     42N.  ii6e.  83 

Nosari,  Bombay.     2 in,  73E.  56 

Noshiro,  Japan.     40N.  140E.  88 

Noto  Shima,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 

Nottam,  East  Indies.     2s.  132E.  75 

Novgorod,  Siberia.     43N.  13 ie.  95 

Novgorodski,  Manchuria,     43 n,  130E,  90 

Nowgong,  Assam.     26N.  93E.  67 

Nowgong,  Central  India.     25  n.  8oe.  60 

Noycund,  Madras,     ion.  77E.  63 

Nsentaru,  Burma.     26N.  98E.  67 

Nubra,  Kashmir.     35N.  78E.  58 

Nubra  River,  Kashmir.     34N,  78E,  58 

Nudun,  Inner  Mongolia,     4 in.  105E.  82 

Nu-hsi  River,  China.     27N.  ii8e.  85 

Numazu,  Japan.     35N.  139E.  91 

Numi,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

Nundijal,  Madras,     i6n.  78E.  62 

Nushki,  Baluchistan.     30N.  66e.  45 

Nusumu,  Madras.     i5n.  78E.  62 

Nusu  Pemida,  East  Indies.     9s.  ii6e.  76 

Nutapkanshipe  Is.,  Japan.     43N.  144E.  88 
Nwangchik,  Malay  Peninsula,    7n.  ioie.  68 

Nwedaung,  Burma.     20N.  97E.  67 

Nyaungywe,  Burma,     2 in,  97E.  67 

Nysirus,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  27E.  46 

Obama,  Japan.     35N.  136E.  91 

Obdorsk,  Siberia.     66n.  67E.  94 

Obi,  East  Indies.     2s.  127E,  75 

Obi,  Gulf  of,  Siberia.     68n.  72E.  94 

Obi,  River,  Siberia,     66n,  68e.  94 

Odate,  Japan.     40N.  14 ie.  88 

Odawara,  Japan.     35N.  139E.  91 

Odemish,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  27E.  46 

Ogali,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Ogi  Cape,  Japan,     37N.  137E.  91 

Ogi  Minato,  Japan.     38N.  138E.  91 

Ohod,  Arabia.     24N.  41E.  44 

Ohorji,  Rajputana.     25 n.  74E.  59 

Oita,  Japan.     33N.  132E.  89 

Oka,  River,  Siberia.     54N.  102E.  94 

Okayama,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 


PAGE 
91 


Okazaki,  Japan.     35N.  137E. 
Okhotsk,  Siberia,     6on.  144E.  95 

Okhotsk,  Sea  of,  Siberia.  54N.  150E,  95 
Okhut,  Siberia.     56s.  156E.  95 

Okinawa-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is,  27N.  128E.  89 
Okinoerabu-shima,     Lu-Chu    Is.     28N. 

129E.  89 

Oki  Shima,  Japan.     36N.  133E.  91 

Okpo,  Burma.     iBn.  96E.  67 

Okushiri  Island,  Japan.  42N.  140E.  88 
Okushiri  Strait,  Japan.     42  n.  140E.  88 

Old  Kedah,  Malay  Peninsula.  6n.  iooe,  68 
Olekima,  River,  Siberia,  6on.  12  ie.  95 
Olekminsk,  Siberia,     6on,  120E,  95 

Olele,  East  Indies.     5N.  95E.  74 

Olenek  River,  Siberia.     68n.  ii8e.  94 

Olgantorsky,  Cape,  Siberia.  6on.  170E.  95 
Olives,  Mount  of,  Palestine.  32N,  35E,  12 
Oman,  Arabia,  23 n,  57E, 
Oman,  Gulf  of,  Arabia,  25N.  58E. 
Olympus  Mt,  Asia  Minor.  40N.  30E. 
Ombay  Island,  East  Indies,  8s.  125E. 
Omerkot,  Punjab.  29N.  70E, 
Ominato,  Japan.  41N.  141E. 
Omogun,  River,  Siberia.  52N.  136E. 
Omol  hotun,  Mongolia.  44N.  115E. 
Omon,  River,  Siberia.  52N.  114E. 
0-mo-so,  Manchuria.  44N,  128E. 
♦Omsk,  Asiatic  Russia.     55N.  74E. 


Omuta,  Japan.     33N,  131E, 

Ongin,  Inner  Mongolia,     39N.  io8e. 

Ongole,  Madras.     i6n.  8oe. 

Onim,  East  Indies.     3s.  133E. 

Onimechi,  Japan.     34N.  133E. 

Onmaye  Cape,  Japan.     35 n.  138E. 

Ono,  Palestine.     32N.  35E. 

On-song,  Korea.     43 n.  130E. 
*Ophir,  Mount,  Malay  Pen.     2N,  103E. 

Ordos,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N.  109E. 

Orissa,  Bengal.     2 in.  86e. 
*Ormuz  Island,  Persia.     27N.  56E, 

Ormuz  Strait,  Persia,     26N.  57E. 

Orr-tau-ho  R.,  Manchuria.     43N.  I27£. 
*Osaka,  Japan.     35N.  136E. 

Oshima,  Japan.     35 n.  139E. 

Oshima  Island,  Japan.     4 in.  140E. 

Osmanabad,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  76E. 

Osmanjik,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  35E. 

Ota,  Manchuria.     45  n.  129E. 

Otaru,  Japan.     43N.  14 ie. 

0-to-cheng,  Manchuria.     43N.  128E. 

Ot-po,  Burma.     i8n.  95E. 

Otsu,  Japan.     35N.  136E. 

Ottok,  Inner  Mongolia.     39N.  io8e. 

Oudh,  United  Provinces.     27N.  83E 

Oukin  Island,  Lu-Chu  Is.     28N.  129E. 

Owajima,  Japan.     33N.  133E. 

Owari,  Japan.     35N.  137E. 


45 
45 
46 

75 
59 
88 

95 
83 
95 
90 

94 
89 
82 
62 
75 
91 
91 
12 
90 
69 
82 
61 
45 
45 
90 

91 
91 
88 
62 
46 
90 
88 
90 
67 

91 

82 
60 
89 
91 
91 


208 


Index 


PAGE 

Owari  Bay,  Japan.     35 n.  137E.  91 

Owashi,  Japan.     34N.  136E.  91 

Owen  Island,  Burma,     iin.  98E.  71 
Owen  Stanley  Mt.,  E.  Indies.     9s.  149E.  75 

Oyama,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 

Ozerni,  Cape,  Siberia.     58N.  164E.  95 

Pa,  China.     32N.  107E.  84 

Pa,  China.     39N.  ii6e.  83 

Pabna,  Bengal.     24N.  89E.  61 

Pachim,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  71 

Pachitan,  Java.     8s.  ihe.  76 

Pachpadra,  Rajputana.     26N.  72E.  59 

Pa-chum,  Indo-Chiiia.     i8n.  104E.  70 

Padam,  Kashmir.     33N.  77E.  58 

*Padang,  East  Indies,     is.  iooe.  74 

Padang,  East  Indies.     2s.  107E.  74 
Padaram,  Cape,  Indo-China.     iin.  109E.  71 

Padaung,  Burma.     19N.  95E.  67 

Pagan,  Burma,     2 in.  95E.  67 

Pagatan,  Borneo.     4s.  ii6e.  76 

Pagattan,  Borneo.     3s.  113E.  76 

Pagoda  Point,  Burma.     i6n.  94E.  67 

Pahang,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  102E.  6g 

Pahang  River,  Malay  Pen,     3N.  103E.  69 

Pahtia,  Malay  Peninsula,     iin.  99E.  71 

Pai-ho,  China,     41N.  ii6e.  83 

Paik-un-san,  Korea.     40N.  128E.  90 

Pai-lu-shan,  China.     25N.  ii6e.  85 

Pain  River,  Berar.     20N,  79E.  57 

Pai-shui,  China.     32N.  io6e.  82 

Pajam,  Madras.     i8n.  84E.  62 

Pajapur,  Bombay.     i6n.  75E.  57 

Pakal,  Madras.     13N.  79E.  63 

Pa-kau,  China.     41N.  119E.  83 

Pakhan-nge,  Burma.     2 in.  95E.  67 

Pakhangyi,  Burma.     22 n.  95E.  67 

Pak-hoi,  China.     2 in.  109E.  84 

Paklai,  Indo-China.     i8n.  io2E.  70 

Paklan,  Malay  Peninsula.     9N,  99E.  71 

Pak-mon,  Indo-China.     19N.  102E.  70 

Paknam,  Fort,  Siam,     13N,  ioie,  71 

Paknampo,  Siam.     i6n.  iooe.  70 

Pakokku,  Burma,     2 in.  95 e,  '  67 

*Pakpatan,  Punjab,     30N,  73E,  58 

Pakta,  Indo-China,     20N.  ioie.  70 

*Palakkat,  Madras,     iin.  77E.  63 

Palakonda,  Madras.     19N,  84E,  62 

Palaman,  Bengal.     24N.  84E,  60 

Palana,  Rajputana,     28N.  73E,  59 

Palanan,  Philippine  Islands,    17N,  122E.  77 

Palaos,  East  Indies.     9N,  135E.  75 

Palas,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     35N.  73E,  58 

Palatupane,  Ceylon.     6n.  8ie,  63 

Palawan,  Philippine  Islands,    ion.  ii8e,  77 

Palean,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  iooe.  71 

♦Palembang,  East  Indies.     3s.  105E.  74 

Paletwa,  Burma.     2 in,  93E,  67 


PAGE 

Pali,  Bombay.     23N.  73E.  5$ 

Pali,  Rajputana,     26N.  73E,  59 

Palk  Strait,  Madras,     ion.  8oe.  63 

Palkot,  Bengal.     23N.  85E.  60 

Pallamcottah,  Madras.     9N.  78E.  63 
Pallas  Mt,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  103E.  68 

*Palmyra,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  39E.  47 

Palmyra  Point,  Ceylon,     ion.  8oe.  63 

Palmyras  Point,  Bengal.     2 in.  87E.  61 

Palni,  Madras,     ion.  78E.  63 

Palni  Hills,  Madras,     ion.  77E.  63 

Palo,  Burma.     19N,  95E.  67 

Palos,  East  Indies,     is.  119E,  74 

Paltee  Lake,  Tibet,     29N.  91E.  61 

Palu,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  40E.  47 

Pamara,  Sind.     27N.  69E.  59 

Pamekasan,  Java.     7s.  113E,  76 

Pameungpeuk,  Java.     8s.  io8e,  76 
Pamir  Plateau,  Central  Asia.     38N.  74E.  45 

Panay,  Philippine  Islands,     iin,  122E.  77 

*Pandharpur,  Bombay.     i8n.  75E.  57 

Pane  River,  Sumatra.     2n.  iooe.  69 

Pangal,  Haidarabad.     i6n.  78E,         -  62 

Panganur,  Madras.     13N.  79E.  63 

Pangkok,  Borneo.     3s.  114E.  76 

Pangul,  Java.     8s,  hie,  76 
Pangutarang  Is.,  Philippine  Is.  6n.  120E.  77 

*Panipat,  Punjab.     29N.  77E.  59 

Panjang,  Malay  Peninsula.     8n,  99E.  71 

Panjang  Is,,  East  Indies,     7s,  ii6e.  76 

Panjar  River,  Bombay,     21N,  75E.  56 

*Panjim,  Bombay.     15N.  74E.  57 
Panjkora  River,  N.W,  Frontier  Provs. 

36N.  72E.  58 

Pannealla,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78E.  62 

Panom,  Siam.     17N.  105E.  70 

Pan-ta-naw,  Burma.     17N.  96E.  67 

Pantar  Island,  East  Indies.     8s.  124E.  75 

Pao-kang,  China.     32N.  112E.  84 

Pao-king,  China.     27N.  hie.  84 

Pao-ngan,  China.     37N.  109E.  82 

Pao-ngan,  China,     40N.  115E.  83 

Pao-ning,  China,     31N,  io6e.  84 

Pao-te,  China.     39N.  hie.  82 

Pao-ting,  China.     39N.  ii6e.  83 

Pao-tu,  Inner  Mongolia.     41N.  hoe.  82 

Papandajan,  Java.     8s.  io8e.  76 

Papra  Strait,  Malay  Pen,     8n.  98E,  71 

Papua,  East  Indies,     5s,  141E.  75 

Papua,  Gulf  of,  East  Indies,     8s.  144E,  75 

Papun,  Burma,     i8n,  97E,  67 
Parachinar,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     34N. 

70E.  58 

Paragarh,  Madras,     20N.  83E.  62 

Paranda,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  75E.  62 

Parantij,  Bombay.     24  n,  73E.  56 

Parbaini,  Haidarabad.     19N,  77E.  62 

Parbati  River,  Rajputana.     26N,  77E,  59 


Index 


209 


PAGE 

Pardi,  Bombay.     22N.  73E.  56 

Pare  Pare,  East  Indies.     4s.  120E.  74 

Pargarh,  Bombay.     17N.  73E.  57 

Parigi,  Java.     8s.  io8e.  76 

Partabgarh,  Rajputana.     24 n.  75E.  59 

Partur,  Haidarabad.     2  on.  76E.  62 

Pase,  Slam.     13N.  102E.  71 

Passani,  Baluchistan.    25N.  62E.  45 

Passin,  East  Indies.     2S.  ii6e.  74 

Passir,  East  Indies.     5N.  97E.  74 

Pa-ta-ho  River,  China.     24N.  105E.  84 

Patalung,  Malay  Peninsula.     8n.  iooe.  71 

Patan,  Nepal.     28N.  86e.  60 

Patan,  Rajputana.     28N.  76E.  59 

Patani,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  ioie.  68 

Patani,  Cape,  Malay  Pen.     7n.  ioie.  68 

Pataudi,  Punjab.     28N.  77E.  59 

Pathai-sung,  Siam.     15N.  103E.  70 

Pathankot,  Punjab.     32N.  76E.  58 

Pati,  Java.     7s.  hie.  76 

Patiala,  Punjab.     30N.  76E.  58 

Patience  Bay,  Siberia.     49N.  143E.  95 

Patience,  Cape,  Siberia.     49  n.  144E.  95 

Patjitan,  East  Indies.     8s.  iiie.  74 

Patkai  Hills,  Burma.     27N.  96E.  67 

Patmos,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  27E.  46 

*Patna,  Bengal.     26N.  85E.  60 

Patna,  Central  Provinces.     2 in.  83E.  60 

Patrang,  Siam.     14N.  102E.  71 

Patri,  Bombay.     23N.  72E.  56 

Patri,  Haidarabad.     19N.  76E.  62 

Pa-tung,  China.     3 in.  hoe.  84 

Paumben  Island,  Ceylon.     9N.  79E.  63 

Paungdeh,  Burma.     19N.  96E.  67 

Pawgurh,  Mysore.     14N.  77E.  63 

Pawn,  Burma.     20N.  iooe.  67 

Paygan,  East  Indies.     19N.  145E,  75 

Pechabun,  Siam.     i6n.  ioie.  70 

Pechaburi,  Siam.     13N.  iooe.  71 

Pechai,  Siam.     17N.  iooe.  70 

Pedrotallagalla,  Mt,  Ceylon.     7n.  8ie.  63 

*Pegu,  Burma.     i8n.  96E.  67 

Pei,  China.     34N.  ii8e.  83 

Pei-hai,  China.     2 in.  109E.  84 

Pei-kiang  River,  China.     25N.  113E.  85 

Pei-ling-shan,  China.     34N.  105E.  82 

Paint,  Bombay.     20N.  74E.  56 

Pei-shan  Mt,  Manchuria.     42N.  128E.  90 

Pei-tang,  China.  39N.  ii8e,  83 
Pei-tuan-lin-tsu,  Manchuria.  46N.  127E.  90 

Pe-kai,  China.     27N.  io6e.  84 

Pekalongan,  Java.     7s.  hoe.  76 

Pekan,  Malay  Peninsula.     3N.  103E.  69 

Peking,  China.     40N.  ii6e.  83 

Pelew,  East  Indies.     9N.  135E.  75 

Peling  Island,  East  Indies,     is.  I24E.  75 

Pella,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  13 

Pemalang,  Java.     7s.  hoe.  76 


PAGE 

Pemanggil,  South  Chma  Sea.  3N.  104E.  69 
Pembuang,  Cape,  Borneo.  4s.  112E.  76 
Penang,  Malacca  Strait.     5N.  iooe.  68 

Pendjeh,  Turkestan.     36N.  62E.  45 

Pengaron,  Borneo.     3s.  115E.  76 

Peng-shui,  China.     29N.  io8e.  84 

Peng-tsz,  China.     30N.  117E,  85 

Penjinsk,  Gulf  of,  Siberia.  62N.  162E.  95 
Penjinskoe,  Siberia.     62N.  164E.  95 

Pennan  Channel,  Malay  Pen.  ion.  iooe.  71 
Pennar  River,  Madras.     I2N.  8oe.  63 

Pennar  River,  Madras.     15N.  80E.  62 

Peper  Bay,  Java.     6s.  io6e.  76 

Peraea,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  *  13 

Perak,  East  Indies.     4N.  ioie.  74 

Perak  Mt,  Malay  Peninsula.  6n.  ioie.  68 
Perak  R.,  Malay  Peninsula.  5N.  ioie.  68 
Perforated  Is.,  Malay  Pen.  9N.  98E.  71 
Perhentian  Is.,  S.  China  Sea.  6n.  103E.  68 
Penis,  Malay  Peninsula.  6n.  iooe.  68 
Persepolis,  Persia.     30N.  53E.  45 

Persian  Baluchistan,  Persia.  25 n.  6oe.  45 
Persian  Gulf.     28N.  52E.  44,  45 

Peru  Island,  East  Indies,  21N.  141E.  75 
Pescadores  Chan.,  Formosa.  23N.  120E.  89 
Pescadores  Island,  China.  24N.  119E.  89 
Peshawar,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     34N. 

72E.  58 

Petlad,  Bombay.     22N.  73E.  56 

Petrieu,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  71 

Petropavlovsk,  Siberia.     53N.  159E.  95 

Phalera,  Rajputana.     27N.  75E.  59 

Phalian,  Punjab.     32N.  74E.  58 

Phalodi,  Rajputana.    27N.  72E.  59 

Phaltan,  Bombay.     i8n.  74E.  57 

Philadelphia,  Palestine.     32  n.  56E.  13 

Philippine  Is.,  East  Indies.  14N.  123E.  75 
Phillour,  Punjab.     3 in.  76E.  58 

Phineka  Bay,  Asia  Minor.  36N.  30E.  46 
Phrayow,  Siam.     19N.  iooe.  70 

Phu-lang-thuong,   Indo-China.        2 in. 

io6e.  70 

Phu-li,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io6e.  70 

Phu-my,  Indo-China.     14N.  109E.  71 

Phung-chhen,  Korea.     38N.  125E.  90 

Phuyen,  Indo-China.     13N.  109E.  71 

Phyeng-An,  North,  Korea.  40N.  126E.  90 
Phyeng-An,  South,  Korea.  39N.  126E,  90 
Phyeng-san,  Korea.     38N.  126E.  90 

Phyeng-yang,  Korea.     39N.  126E.  90 

Piasini,  River,  Siberia.     74N.  86e.  94 

Pichit,  Siam.     17N.  iooe.  70 

Piju,  Lombok.     9s.  117E.  76 

Pi-kau,  China.     33N.  105E.  82 

Pilibhit,  United  Provinces.  29N.  8oe.  60 
Pimai,  Siam.     15N.  102E.  70 

Pimun,  Siam.     15N.  105E.  70 

Pin,  China.     35N.  io8e.  82 

E 


2IO 


Index 


PAGE 

Pin,  China.     37N.  ii8e.  83 

Pinan,  Formosa.     22N.  12  ie.  89 

Pin-chau,  China.     23N.  ioqe.  84 

Ping-fan,  China.     37N.  104E.  82 

Ping-kiang,  China.     28N.  114E.  85 

Ping-Hang,  China.     35N.  io6e.  82 

Ping-lo,  China.     24N.  hie.  84 

Ping-lo,  China.     39N.  io6e.  82 

Pingmar,  Cape,  China.     20N.  109E.  84 

Ping-nan,  China.     27N.  119E.  85 

Ping-shan,  China.     29N.  104E.  84 

Ping-siang  River,  China.     27N.  I13E.  85 

Ping- ting,  China.     38N.  114E.  83 

Ping-tu,  China.     37N.  120E.  83 

Ping-yang,  China.     28N.  120E.  85 

Ping-yang,  China.     36N.  112E.  82 

Ping-yang,  China.     37N.  io6e.  82 

Ping-yang,  Korea.     39N.  125E.  90 

Ping-yao,  China.     37N.  112E.  82 

Ping-yue,  China.     27N.  107E.  84 

Pipar,  Rajputana.     26N.  74E.  59 

Pippli,  Bengal.     22 n.  88e.  61 

Pirate  Island,  Indo-China.     2 in    io8e.  70 

Pishin,  Baluchistan.     3 in.  67E.  58 

Pishpek,  Asiatic  Russia.     44N.  75E.  94 

Pitsanulok,  Siam.     17N.  iooe.  70 

Pi-tse-wo,  Manchuria.     39N.  122E.  90 

Pi-tsie,  China.     27N.  io6e.  84 

Plassy,  Bengal.  24N.  88e.  61 
Plothistche  Stroenia,  Siberia.  63N.  149E.  95 
Plus  River,  Malay  Peninsula.  5N.  ioie.  68 
Pnom    Dong    Rek,    Indo-China.     14N. 

104E.  71 

Pnom  Penh,  Indo-China.     I2n.  105E.  71 

Po,  China.     34N.  ii6e.  83 

Po-hai,  Inner  Mongolia.     38N.  104E.  82 

Poi-tsao-kao,  Manchuria.     43N.  129E.  90 

Pokaran,  Rajputana.     27N.  72E.  59 

Polawaram,  Madras.     17N.  82E.  62 

Polet,  Rajputana.     25N.  76E.  59 

Polgahawela,  Ceylon.     7n.  8oe.  63 

Polillo,  Philippine  Islands.     15  n.  122E.  yy 

PoUoc,  Philippine  Islands.     8n,  126E.  yy 

Pen,  Siam.     20N.  ioie.  70 

Pondicherri,  Madras.     i2n.  80  e.  63 

Pong,  China.     3 in.  io6e.  84 

Po-ngan,  China.     24N.  io6e.  84 

Ponnani,  Madras,     iin,  76E.  63 

Pon-pissai,  Siam.     i8n.  103E.  70 

Pontianak,  East  Indies,     o.  109E,  74 

Pontic  Ra,  Turkey  in  Asia.     40N.  38E.  47 

Poena,  Bombay.     19N.  74E.  57 

Popa  Hill,  Burma.     2 in.  95E  67 

Po-pai,  China.     22 n.  iioe.  84 

Pora,  North,  East  Indies,     is.  98E.  74 

Pora,  South,  East  Indies.     3s.  iooe.  74 

Per  Bandar,  Bombay.     22n.  70E.  56 

Port  Adams,  Manchuria.     40N.  122E.  90 


PAGS 

Port  Aian,  Siberia.     57N.  138E.  95 

Port  Arthur,  Manchuria,  39N.  12  ie.  90 
Port  Lasarev,  Korea.     39N.  127E,  l^o 

Porto  Novo,  Madras,     iin.  8oe.  63 

Porto  Princesa,  East  Indies.  9N.  ii8e.  74 
Po-se,  China.     24N.  io6e.  84 

Po-shan,  China.     36N.  ii8e.  83 

Posolskol,  Siberia.     52N.  io6e.  94 

Poudella,  Madras.     i6n.  8oe.  62 

Po-yang-hu,  China.     29N.  117E,  85 

Prai,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  iooe.  68 

Pran,  Siam.     I2n.  iooe.  71 

Preanger,  Java.     7s.  107E.  76 

Prince  Harbour,  Korea.  36N.  127E.  90 
Princes  Island,  Asia  Minor.  4 in.  29E.  46 
Princess  Island,  Java.     7s.  105E.  76 

Probolingo,  Java.     8s.  113E.  76 

*Prome,  Burma.     19N.  95E.  67 

Prome,  Siam.     15N.  iooe.  71 

Providence  Reef,  Lu-Chu  Is.  25 N.  125E.  89 
Ptolemais,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  13 

Pu-chau,  China.     35N.  hoe.  82 

Puding,  Cape,  Borneo.     4s.  112E.  76 

Pudukattai,  Madras,     ion.  79E.  63 

Puerto  Princeso,  Philippine  Is.  9N.  123E.  77 
Puger,  Java.     8s.  114E.  76 

Pu-hua,  Indo-China.     17N.  105E.  70 

Puhur,  Berar.     20N.  78E.  60 

Pu-kau,  China.     32N.  119E.  83 

Puk-chung,  Korea.     40N.  128E.  90 

Pu-ki,  China.     30N.  114E.  85 

Pulaodo,  Bombay.     24N.  70E.  56 

Pulau  Berhala,  S.  China  Sea.  3N.  104E.  69 
Pulau  Galang,  Malacca  Strait,  in.  104E.  69 
Pulau  Jara,  Malacca  Strait.  4N.  iooe.  68 
Pulau  Kapas,  S.  China  Sea.  5N.  103E.  68 
Pulau  Klang,  Malacca  Strait.  3N.  ioie.  69 
Pulau  Koendoer,  Malacca  Str.  in.  103E.  69 
Pulau  Kukub,  Malacca  Strait,  in.  103E.  69 
Pulau  Langkawi,  Malacca  Str.  6n.  iooe.  68 
Pulau  Lantai,  Malay  Pen.  8n.  99E.  71 
Pulau  Mendol,  Malacca  Strait,  in.  103E.  69 
Pulau  Mohea,  Malay  Pen.  7n.  99E.  71 
Pulau  Padang,  Malacca  Strait,  in.  io2E.  69 
Pulau  Pangkor,  Malacca  Str.  4N.  iooe.  68 
Pulau  Rajah,  Malay  Pen.  8n.  98E.  71 
Pulau    Rangsang,    Malacca    Str.     in. 

103E.  69 

Pulau  Rantau,  Malacca  Strait,  in.  103E,  69 
Pulau  Rempang,  Malacca  Str.  in.  104E.  69 
Pulau  Rupat,  Malacca  Strait.  2N.  io2E.  69 
Pulau  Telibun,  Malay  Pen.  7n.  iooe.  71 
Pulau  Tenggol,  S.  China  Sea.  5N.  104E.  68 
Pulau  Terutau,  Malacca  Str.  7n.  iooe.  68 
Pulau  Tinggi,  S.  China  Sea.  2N.  104E.  69 
Pulau  Tuman,  S.  China  Sea.     3N.  104E.  69 

♦Pulicat,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

Pulicat  Lake,  Madras.     I4N.  8oe.  63 


Index 


21  I 


PAGE 

Pulo  Ceicer  de  Mer,  Indo-China.     iin. 

109E.  71 
Pulo  Ceicer  de  Terre,  Indo-China.     iin. 

109E.  71 

Pulo  Condore,  Indo-China.     9N.  107E.  71 

Pulo  Dama,  Indo-China.     ion.  104E.  71 

Pu-loi,  Indo-China.     20N.  103E.  70 

Pulo  Lawang,  East  Indies,     o.  103E.  74 

Pulo  Tanjang,  Indo-China.     qn.  103E.  71 

Pulo  Wai,  Indo-China.     ion.  103E.  71 

Pu  Luong,  Indo-China.     19N.  104E.  70 

Punakal,  Haidarabad.     19N.  79E.  62 

Pungal,  Rajputana.     28N.  73E.  59 

Pu-ngan,  China.     26N.  105E.  84 

Pu-ning,  China.     23N.  ii6e.  85 

Punjnad  River,  Punjab.     29N.  71E.  59 

♦Punna,  Rajputana.     25  n.  8oe.  60 

Purbatipur,  Bengal.     26N.  89E.  61 

*Puri,  Bengal.     20N.  86e.  60 

Purlakimedi,  Madras.     19N.  84E.  62 

Puma  River,  Berar.     2 in.  76E.  60 

Puma  River,  Haidarabad.     19N.  77E.  62 

Purniah,  Bengal.     26N.  88e.  61 

Pursat,  Indo-China.     13N.  104E.  71 

Purtaligurh,  United  Provs.     26N.  82E.  60 

Purulia,  Bengal.     23N.  86e.  61 

Purwakarta,  Java.     6s.  107E.  76 

Purworejo,  Java.     8s.  iioe.  76 

Pu-sau  Mt.,  Indo-China.     20N.  103E.  70 

Pushti  Kuh,  Persia.     34N.  47E.  47 

Pu-tai,  China.     37N.  ii8e.  83 

Putchum,  Bombay.     24N.  70E.  56 

Putlam,  Ceylon.     8n.  8oe.  63 

Puttanapur,  Madras.     9N.  77E.  63 

Puttocottah,  Madras,     iin.  79E.  63 

Pya-ma-law  River,  Burma.     i6n.  95E.  67 

Pya-pon,  Burma.     i6n.  96E.  67 

Pyawbwe,  Burma.     2 in.  96E.  67 

Pyen-kwan,  China.     40N.  hie.  82 

Pyinmana,  Burma.     20N.  96E.  67 

Pyton,  Haidarabad.    20N.  75E.  62 

Pyu,  Burma.     i8n.  97E.  67 

Quang-yen,  Indo-China.     21N.  107E.  70 

Quelpart  Island,  Korea.     33N.  126E.  90 

Quetta,  Punjab.     30N.  67E.  58 

♦Quilon,  Madras.     9N.  77E.  63 

Qui-Nhon,  Indo-China.     14N.  109E.  71 

Qust  Viliusk,  Siberia.     64N.  12  ie.  95 

Raas  Island,  Java.     7s.  11 4E.  76 

Rabbath-Ammon,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Rabbath  Moab,  Palestine.     3 in.  36E.  12 

Rabigh,  Arabia.     23N.  39E.  44 

Rachel's  Tomb,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Rach-gia,  Indo-China.     ion.  104E.  71 

Rachutt,  Madras.     14N.  79E.  63 

Radh«in,  Sind.    27N.  68e.  59 


PAGE 

Raewind,  Punjab.     3 in.  74E.  58 

Ragaba,  Palestine.     32  n.  36E,  13 

Ragay  Bay,  Philippine  Is.     13N.  123E.  77 

Raheng,  Siam.     17N.  99E.  70 

Rahoki  Junction,  Sind.     25 n.  69E.  59 

Rahori,  Bombay.     19N.  75E.  57 

♦Rahun,  Punjab.     31N.  76E.  58 

Rai  Bareli,  United  Provs.     26N.  8ie.  60 

Raiboka,  Bengal.     22N.  84E.  60 

Raichur,  Haidarabad.     i6n.  77E.  62 

Rai  Droog,  Madras.     15N.  77E.  62 
Raigarh,  Central  Provinces.     22N.  83E.  60 

Raigarh,  Madras.     20N.  82E.  62 

Raik-to-san,  Manchuria.     42N.  128E.  90 

Raipur,  Central  Provinces.     2 in.  82E.  60 

Raishahi,  Bengal.     25 n.  89E.  61 

Rajagudi,  Madras.     19N.  83E.  62 

Rajamahendri,  Madras.     17N.  82E.  62 

Rajapalayam,  Madras.    9N.  77E.  63 

Rajar,  Sind.     27N.  69E.  59 

Rajaur,  Kashmir.     33N.  74E.  58 

Rajgarh,  Rajputana.     29N.  75E.  59 

Rajim,  Central  Provinces.     2 in.  82E.  60 

Rajkot,  Bombay.     22N.  71E.  56 

Rajmahal,  Bengal.     25N.  88e,  61 

Rajpipla,  Bombay.     22N.  74E.  56 

Raj  pur.  Central  India.     22N.  74E.  56 

Rajpura,  Punjab.     30N.  77E.  58 

Ra-ju  Island,  Korea.     35N.  126E.  90 

Rajura,  Haidarabad.     20N.  79E.  62 

RakapuUi,  Madras.     i8n.  8ie.  62 

Rakka,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  39E.  47 

Ramah,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Ramas,  Cape,  Bombay.     15N.  74E.  57 

Rameswaram  Island,  Madras.  9N.  79E.  63 

Ramgarh,  Bengal.     24N.  85E.  60 

Ramgarh,  Central  India.     22N.  75E.  56 

Ramgarh,  Central  Provs.     23 n.  8ie.  60 

Ramgir,  Haidarabad.     19N.  8oe.  62 

Ramjapatnam,  Madras.     15N.  8oe.  62 

*Raninad,  Madras.     9N.  79E.  63 

*Raninagar,  Punjab.     32N.  74E.  58 

Ramoo,  Burma.     2 in.  92E.  61 

Ramoth  Gilead,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Rampur,  Bengal.     24N.  89E.  61 

Rampur,  Punjab.     31N.  78E.  58 

Rampur,  United  Provinces,     29N.  79E.  60 

Rampura,  Rajputana.     26N.  76E.  59 

Ramri,  Burma.     19N.  94E.  67 

Ramri  Island,  Burma.     19N.  94E.  67 

Ramshai  Hai,  Bengal.     27N.  89E.  61 

Ranawri,  Malay  Peninsula,     ion.  99E.  71 

Ranchi,  Bengal.    23N.  86e.  60 

Ranga,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  io2E,  68 

Rangamati,  Bengal.    26N.  90E.  61 

Rangamati,  Burma.     23  n.  93E.  61 

♦Rangoon,  Burma.     17N.  96E.  67 

Rangoon  River,  Burma.     17N.  96E,  67 

E2 


212 


Index 


PAGE 

Rangpur,  Bengal.    26N.  89E.  61 

Rangpur,  Punjab.     31N,  71E.  58 

Rania,  Punjab.     30N.  75E.  58 

Raniganj,  Bengal.     24N.  87E.  61 

Ranikhet,  United  Provinces.     30N.  79E.  60 
Ranipur,  Sind.     27N.  68e.  59 

Rannipur,  Bombay.     22N.  74E.  56 

Rantau,  Borneo.     3s.  115E.  76 

Rantau  Panjang,  Malay  Pen.  2N.  103E.  69 
Rasan,  Sumatra.     2n.  iooe.  69 

Ras  el  Hadd,  Arabia.     23N.  6oe.  45 

Ras  Fartak,  Arabia.     i6n.  52E.  45 

Rashin,  Bombay.     19N.  75E.  57 

Ras  Madrack,  Arabia.     19N.  58E.  45 

Rass,  Arabia.     26N.  42E.  44 

Ratburi,  Siara.     14N.  iooe.  71 

Ratnagiri,  Bombay.     17N.  73E.  57 

Rattangarh,  Rajputana.  28N.  75E.  59 
Raub,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  102E.  69 

Raung  Mountain,  Java.     8s.  114E.  76 

Ravi  River,  Punjab.     3 in.  72E.  58 

•Rawal  Pindi,  Punjab.     34N.  73E.  58 

Rawnina-golyb  Gobi,   Inner  Mongolia. 

43  N.  107E.  82 

Rawra,  Bombay.     20N.  74E.  56 

Raxoul,  Bengal.    27N.  85E.  60 

Rayapur,  Bombay.     17N.  73E.  57 

Ra-yong,  Siam.     13N.  ioie.  71 

Redang,  Great,  S.  China  Sea.  6n.  103E.  68 
Redang,  Little,  S.  China  Sea.  6n.  103E.  68 
Reducto,  Yolo,  Philippine  Is.  6n.  12  ie.  77 
Rembang,  Java.     7s.  iiie.  76 

Repally,  Madras.     i6n.  8ie.  62 

Repunshiri  Island,  Japan.  45N.  141E.  88 
Resht,  Persia.     38N.  50E.  47 

Reti,  Punjab.     28N.  70E.  59 

Reuben,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

Rewah,  Central  India.     24N.  81E.  60 

Rewari,  Punjab.     28N.  77E.  59 

Rhadanpur,  Bombay.     24N.  71E.  56 

Rhaman,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  ioie.    68 
•Rhodes,  Asia  Minor.    36N.  28E.  46 

Riad,  East,  Arabia.     25 n.  47E.  44 

Riassi,  Kashmir.     33N.  75E.  58 

Rikuoko,  Japan.     4 in.  141E.  88 

Rimmon,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Rindli,  Baluchistan.     30N.  68e.  58 

Rinjami,  Mount,  Lombok.  8s.  117E.  76 
Rio,  East  Indies,     in.  104E.  74 

Ri  Shima,  Japan.     35 n.  139E.  91 

Rishiri  Island,  Japan.     45N.  141E.  88 

Rivandere,  Persia.     36N.  47E.  47 

Roba-el-Khali,  Sandy  Desert  of,  Arabia. 

21N.  50E.  44,  45 

Rohri,  Sind.     28N.  69E.  59 

♦Rohtak,  Punjab.     29N.  77E.  59 

Rokan  River,  North,  Sumatra.  2N.  ioie.  69 

Rokan  River,  South,  Sumatra.  2n.  ioie.  69 


PAGE 

Rokko,  Formosa.     24N.  120E.  89 

Roma,  East  Indies.     7s.  127E.  75 

Romanzov  Bay,  Japan.     45 n.  142E.  88 
Romblon,  Philippine  Islands.   13N.  122E.  'jy 

Ross  Island,  Korea.     34N.  125E.  90 

Rota,  East  Indies.     14N.  145E.  75 

Rotasgurh,  Bengal.     25 n.  84E.  60 

Rotti,  East  Indies,     us.  124E.  75 

Ruhtas,  Punjab.     33N.  74E.  58 

Rukshu,  Kashmir.     33N.  78E.  58 
Rumenia,  Cape,  Malay  Pen.     in.  104E.  69 

Rumpin  River,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  103E.  69 

Rupa,  Punjab.     31N.  77E.  58 

Rupat  Strait,  Sumatra.     2N.  io2E.  69 

Rupti  River,  United  Provs.     26N.  84E.  60 

Rurumoppe,  Japan.     43N.  142E.  88 

Russelkonda,  Madras.     20N.  85E.  62 

Ruttunpur,  Central  Provs.     22N.  82E.  60 

Sa,  Siam.     19N.  ioie.  70 

Saba,  East  Indies.     5N.  ii6e.  74 

Sabanrika  River,  Bengal.     22N.  88e.  61 

Sahara,  Arabia.     26N.  52E.  45 
Sab  Asphal,  Turkey  in  Asia.     36N.  44E.  47 

'*'Sabraon,  Punjab.     3 in.  75E.  58 

Saccol,  Philippine  Islands.     7n.  122E.  "jy 

Sachad,  Sind.     28N.  69E.  59 

Sadakam,  East  Indies.     6n.  ii8e.  74 

Sadargarh,  Rajputana.     27N.  70E.  59 

Sadazaki,  Japan.     33 n.  133E.  89 

Sadiya,  Assam.     28N.  96E.  67 

Sado,  Japan,     38N.  138E.  88 

Sadwan,  Arabia.     19N.  43E.  44 

Safed  Koh,  Afghanistan.     34N.  71E.  58 

Safed  Koh,  Afghanistan.     35N.  64E.  45 

Saga,  Burma.     20N.  97E.  67 

Saga,  Japan.     33N.  130E.  89 

Sagaing,  Burma.     22N.  96E.  67 

Sagami,  Japan.     35N.  139E.  91 

Sagar,  Haidarabad.     17N.  77E.  62 

Sagar,  Central  Provinces.     24N.  79E.  60 

Sagwe,  Burma.     20N.  97E.  67 

Saharanpur,  United  Provs.     30N.  78E.  60 

Sahund  Mountain,  Persia.     38N.  46E.  47 

Sai,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io2E.  70 

Sai,  Kashmir.     35  n.  75E.  58 

Saibai  Island,  East  Indies.     9s.  124E.  75 

Saiburi,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  io2e.  68 

Saidapet,  Madras.     13N.  8oe.  63 

*Saigon,  Indo-China.     iin.  io7e.  71 

Saigon  River,  Indo-China.     iin.  107E.  71 

Sai-kao,  Siam.     17N.  102E.  70 

Saiki,  Japan.     33N.  132E.  89 

St  Andrew  Is.,  East  Indies.     5N.  133E.  75 

St  Augustin  C,  Philippine  Is.  6n.  126E.  yy 

St  Augustino  Is.,  E.  Indies.     24N.  140E.  75 
St    Bern    Strait,    East    Indies.      13N. 

125E.  75 


Index 


213 


PAGE 

St.    Bernardino    Strait,    Philippine    Is. 

14N.  121E.  ^y 

St.  David  Is.,  East  Indies,     in.  135E.  75 
St.  Jacques,  Cape,  Indo-China.  ion.  107E.  71 

St.  John  Island,  China.     21N.  113E.  85 

St.  John  Island,  Siberia.     56N.  144E.  95 

St.  Lucia  Bay,  East  Indies.     4N.  ii8e.  74 

St  Mathias  Is.,  East  Indies,     is,  149E.  75 

St  Matthew  Island,  Burma,     ion.  qSe.  71 

St  Paul  Island,  Siberia.     76N.  112E.  94 

St  Sen,  Indo-China.     13N.  105E.  71 

Sakai,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

Sakai,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Sakai,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  91 

Sakaria  River,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  31E.  46 

Sakata,  Japan.     39N.  140E.  88 

Sakhalin  Island,  Siberia.     50N.  143E.  95 

Sakhne,  Turkey  in  Asia.     35 n.  39E.  47 

Sak-ju,  Korea.     40N.  125E.  90 

Sakon-Lakon,  Siam.     17N.  104E.  70 

Sakri,  Rajputana.     25 n.  72E.  59 

Salang  Island,  Malay  Pen.     8n.  98E.  71 

Salawatti  Island,  East  Indies,     is.  i32E.  75 

Salayer  Island,  East  Indies.     6s.  120E.  74 

♦Salem,  Madras.     i2n.  78E.  63 

Salgera,  Haidarabad.     19N.  77E.  62 

Salher,  Bombay.     2 in.  74E.  56 

Salimpur,  United  Provinces.     26N.  84E.  60 

Salin,  Burma.     2 in.  95E.  67 

Salmi,  Madras.     19N.  82E.  62 

Salset  Island,  Bombay.     19N.  73E,  57 

Salt  Plain,  Persia.     36N.  55E.  45 

Salt  Range  Mts.,  Punjab.     33N.  72E.  58 

Salumbar,  Rajputana.     24N.  74E.  59 

Saluru,  Madras.     i8n.  83E.  62 

Salwin  River,  Burma.     17N.  98E.  67 

Samagarn,  Siberia.     50N.  137E.  95 

Samalkotta,  Madras.     17N.  82E.  62 

Samar,  Philippine  Islands.     12N.  125E.  Tj 

Samara,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  44E.  47 

Samarang,  Java.     7s.  hie,  76 

Samargha,  Afghanistan.     32  n.  69E.  58 

♦Samaria,  Palestine.     32N  35E.  13 

Samarinda,  East  Indies,     o.  117E.  74 

♦Samarkand,  Turkestan.     40N.  67E.  45 

Samasata,  Punjab.     29N.  72E.  59 

Sambalpur,  Central  Provs.     22N,  84E.  60 

Sambar,  Rajputana.     27N.  75E.  59 

Sambar,  Cape,  Borneo.     3s.  hoe,  'jd 

Sambar  Lake,  Rajputana,     27N,  75E,  59 

♦Sambhal,  United  Provinces.     29N.  79E.  60 

Sambiliung,  East  Indies.     2N.  117E.  74 

Sambor,  Indo-China.     13N.  io6e.  71 

Sam-chhek,  Korea.     37N.  129E.  90 

Samit  Cape,  Indo-China.     iin.  103E.  71 

Samit  Island,  Siam.     13N.  102E.  71 

Samos,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  27E.  46 

Sampang,  Java.     7s.  113E.  76 


PAGE 

Sampit  River,  Borneo.     3s.  113E.  76 

*Samsat,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  3gE.  47 

I  Samshui,  China.     23N.  113E.  85 

I  Samsun,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  36E.  46 

I  Samuie  Strait,  Malay  Pen.     9N.  iooe.  71 

j*Sana,  Arabia.     15N.  45E.  44 

I  San-cha,  China.     34N.  107E.  82 

j  San-chau  Island,  China.     22N.  114E.  85 

I  Sandalwood  Is.,  East  Indies.     los.  120E.  74 

I  Sandeman,  Fort,  Punjab.     3 in.  69E,  58 

!  Sandon  Island,  Lu-Chu  Is,     29N.  130E.  89 

i  Sandoway,  Burma.     i8n.  94E.  67 

j  Sandur,  Kysore.     15N.  77E.  62 

San-fa  River,  Manchuria.     44N,  127E.  90 

San  Fernando,  Philippine  Is.   17N.  121E.  jj 

Sangamner,  Bombay.     20N.  74E.  57 

Sanganer,  Rajputana.     25 n.  75E,  59 

Sanga  Pass,  Punjab,     31N.  71E.  58 

Sangareddipet,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78e,  62 

Sang-chi,  China.     29N.  hoe.  84 

Sangir  Isand,  East  Indies.     3N.  125E.  75 

Sang-ju,  Korea.     36N.  128E.  90 

Sangkapura,  East  Indies.     6s.  113E.  74 

Sang-kou,  China.     37N.  123E.  83 

Sangla,  Kashmir.     34N.  77E.  58 

Sangod,  Rajputana.     25 n.  76E.  59 

Sangrur,  Punjab.     30N.  76E.  58 

San-ho,  Cape,  Indo-China.     14N.  109E.  71 

Saniaburi,  Siam.     i8n.  104E.  70 

San  Ildefonso  Cape,  Philippine  Islands. 

Sanindo,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 

i6n.  I22E.  'J'J 

Sanjo,  Japan.     38N.  139E,  91 
San  Jose  de  Buena vista,  Philippine  Is. 

UN.  I22E,  yy 

Sankasala,  Madras.     i6n.  78E.  62 

San-kio,  China.     26N.  io8e.  84 

San-mun  Bay,  China,     29N.  122E.  85 

Sano,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

San  Pedro  B.,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  125E,  yj 

San-sa  Inlet,  China.     26N.  120E.  85 

San-shui,  China.     35N.  io8e.  82 

San-sin,  Manchuria.     46N.  129E.  90 

Santa  Maria,  Philippine  Is.     8n.  122E.  77 

San-tao-ho,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N.  107E.  82 

San  Tomas  Mt,  Philippine  Is.  i6n.  121E.  yy 

San-tuao,  China.     27N.  120E.  85 

Sanuki,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Sanyodo,  Japan.     35 n.  134E.  91 

Sao,  Formosa.     25N.  122E.  89 

Sapat,  Indo-China.     i6n.  io6e.  70 

Sapporo,  Japan.     42N.  141E.  88 

Sapudi  Island,  Java.     7s.  H4E.  76 

Sapudi  Strait,  Java.     7s.  114E.  76 

Saraga,  Japan.     35N.  138E.  91 

Saraikalu,  Bengal.     23N.  86e.  60 

Sarangani,  Philippine  Is.     5N.  125E.  yy 

Sarangani  B.,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  125E.  yy 


214 


Index 


PAGE 

Sarap  River,  Kashmir.     34N.  77E.  58 

Saraswati,  Bombay.     24N,  72E.  56 

Saratsi,  China.     41N.  iiiE.  82 

Saravan,  Indo-China.     i6n.  io6e.  70 

Sarawak,  East  Indies.     2N.  iioe.  74 
Sarawak  Pro  v..  East  Indies.     3N.  112E.  74 

Sarawan,  Baluchistan.     28N.  65E.  45 

Saree,  Persia.     36N.  53E.  45 

Sarepta,  Palesthie.     33N.  35E.  13 

Sarifah,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  42 e.  47 

Sariguan,  East  Indies.     17N.  145E.  75 

Sart,  Asia  Minor,     38N.  28E,  46 

Sartu,  Manchuria.     46N.  125E.  90 

Saru,  Japan.     43N,  142E.  88 

Sasayama,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

Saschiveisk,  Siberia.     66n.  142E.  95 

Sasebo,  Japan.     33N.  130E.  89 

♦Sasseram,  Bengal.     25N.  84E.  60 

Sassun,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39^.  41E.  47 

Sasuna,  Japan.     35N.  130E.  89 

Satara,  Bombay.     i8n.  74E.  57 

Sathalanu,  Rajputana.     26N.  73E.  59 

Satpura  Range,  Bombay.     22N.  75E.  56 

Satui,  Borneo.     4s.  115E.  76 

Satun,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  ioof.  68 

Satur,  Madras.     9N.  78E.  63 

Saura,  Bombay,     23N.  73E.  56 

Sauton,  Indo-China.     I2N.  103E.  71 

Sava,  Persia.     35  n.  51E.  45 

Savalan  Dagh,  Perisa.     38N.  48E.  47 

Savanur,  Bombay.     15N.  75E.  57 

Savamadurg,  Bombay.     i8n.  73E.  57 

Saw,  Burma.     2 in,  94E.  67 

Sawa,  Arabia.     i6n.  47E.  44 

Sawal,  Java.     7s.  ioSe.  76 

Sawankalok,  Siam.     17N.  iooe.  70 

Sawant  Wari,  Bombay.     i6n.  74E.  57 

Sawara,  Japan.  36N.  141E.  91 
Sawase-Muninto-shima,     Japan.     30N. 

130E.  89 

Sawu,  East  Indies,  iis.  121E.  74 
Sayer  Island,  Malay  Peninsula.  9N.  98E,  71 

Scala  Nova,  Asia  Minor.  38N.  27E.  46 
Schouten  Island,  East  Indies,  is.  136E.  75 
Schouten  Island,  East  Indies.     4s.  145E.  75 

Scythopolis,  Palestine.  32N.  35E.  13 
Se  Bang  Fai  R,,  Indo-China.  17N.  105E.  70 
Se  Bang  Khan,  Indo-China.     13N.  io6e.  71 

Se  Bang  hien,  Indo-China.  i6n.  105E.  70 
Sedili  Besar,  Malay  Peninsula.  2N.  104E.  69 

Sefid,  Persia.     34N.  49E.  47 

Sefid  Rud,  Persia.     37N.  50E.  45 

Segaro,  Malacca  Strait.     2n.  io2E.  69 

Sehaf  River,  Baluchistan.     29N.  68e.  59 

Seheh,  Malay  Peninsula.     8n.  iooe.  71 

Sehwan,  Sind.     26N.  68e.  59 

Seira-kei  River,  Formosa.     24N,  120E.  89 

Seistan,  Persia.    30N.  6ie.  45 


PAGE 

Seki,  Japan.     35 n.  137E.  91 

Sekiz,  Persia.     37N.  46E,  47 

Sekudi,  Malacca  Strait,     in.  io2E.  69 

Selangor,  Malay  Peninsula.  3N.  ioie.  69 
Selangor  River,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  ioie.  69 
Selatan,  Cape,  Borneo.     4s.  115E.  76 

Selapum,  Siam.     i6n.  104E.  70 

*Selefke,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  34E.  46 

Selenginsk,  Siberia.     50N.  107E.  94 

Seleucia,  Palestine.     33N.  36E,  13 

Selin  Kong  Buyu,  Malay  Pen.  7n.  io2E.  68 
Se  Mam,  Siam.     15N.  105E.  70 

Semantan  River,  Malay  Pen.  3N.  102E.  69 
Sembilan  Island,  Malacca  Str.  4N.  iooe.  68 
Semerara,  Philippine  Islands.  I2n.  122E. 77 
Semeru,  Mount,  Java.     8s.  113E.  76 

Semipolatinsk,  Asiatic  Russia.  5  in.  80E.94 
Semiretchensk,  As.  Russia.  45  n.  78E.  94 
Sempu,  Java.     8s.  113E.  76 

Senbo,  Burma.     25 n.  97E.  67 

Sendai,  Japan.     38N.  141E.  88 

Sengora,  Malay  Peninsula.  7n.  ioie.  71 
Senna,  Persia.     35N.  47E.  47 

Seoni,  Central  Provinces.  22N.  8oe.  60 
Sepphoris,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  13 

Sequevras  Is.,  East  Indies.  9N.  130E.  75 
Serakhs,  Persia.     36N.  die.  45 

Serang,  Java.     6s.  io6e  76 

Serangani  Is.,  East  Indies.  5N.  126E.  75 
Seraor,  Bombay.     19N.  74E.  57 

Serau  River,  Malay  Peninsula,  4N.  102E.  68 
Seremban,  Malay  Peninsula.  3N.  102E.  69 
Sergiopot,  Asiatic  Russia.  48N.  8oe.  94 
Serindah,  Malay  Peninsula.  3N.  io2e.  69 
*Seringapatam,  Mysore.     i2n.  77E.  63 

Sermatten,  East  Indies.     8s.  129E.  75 

Serpur,  Haidarabad.     20N.  8oe.  62 

Serua,  East  Indies.     6s.  130E.  75 

Se  San,  Indo-China.     13N.  io6e.  71 

Se-su-phon,  Indo-China.  14N.  103E.  71 
Setsu,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

Setsu-san,  Formosa.     25N.  12 ie.  89 

Sewasmudram,  Madras.     I2n.  77E.  63 

Seypan,  East  Indies.     15N.  145E.  75 

Shabeh  Khel,  Punjab.     32N.  68e.  58 

Shabkadar,  N.W.  Frontier  Prov.     34N. 

72E.  58 

Shadipalli,  Sind.     26N.  69E.  59 

Shaggera,  Arabia.     26N.  46E.  44 

Shahabad,  Haidarabad.     17N.  77E.  62 

Shahabad,  Rajputana.     25N.  77E.  59 

*Shahabad,  United  Provinces.     28N.  80E.  60 
Shah  Bundur,  Sind.     24N.  68e.  59 

Shahgarh,  Central  Provs.  24N.  79E.  60 
Shahgarh,  Rajputana.     27N.  70E.  59 

Shahjahanpur,  United  Prcvs.  28N.  80E.  60 
Sha-ho,  China.     33N.  115E.  83 

Shaho,  Manchuria.     42  n.  123E.  90 


Index 


215 


PAGE 

Shahpur,  Punjab,     32N.  72E.  58 

Shaikhawati,  Rajputana.     28N.  75E.  59 

Shaikh  Othman,  Arabia.     13N.  45E.  44 

Shaiwal,  Punjab.     32N.  72E.  58 

Shalkar,  Punjab.     32N.  78E.  58 

Shan,  China.     35 n.  hie.  82 

Shang,  China.     34N.  hoe.  82 

Shang-cheng,  China.     32N.  115E.  83 

Shang-hai,  China.     3 in.  122E.  83 

*Shang-hai,  China.     31N.  121E.  85 

Shang-hang,  China.     25N.  117E.  85 

Shang-sze,  China.     22N.  io8e.  84 

Shan-hai-kwan,  China.     4  on.  120E.  83 

Shankeridroog,  Madras.     i2N.  78E.  63 

Shan-si,  China.     38N.  113E.                82,  83 

Shan  States,  North,  Burma.     22N.  98E.  67 

Shan  States,  South,  Burma.     2 in.  99E.  67 

Shantarski  Island,  Siberia.     55N.  138E.  95 

Shan-tung,  China.     36N.  ii8e.  83 

Shao-chau,  China.     25N.  113E.  85 

Shao-hsing,  China.     30N.  12  ie.  85 

Shao-wu,  China.     27N.  ii8e.  85 

Shara-khada,  China.     41N.  113E.  82 

Shara-muren,  Mongolia.     44N.  120E.  83 

Sharjah,  Arabia.     25 n.  55E.  45 

Sharon,  Plain  of,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Sha-shi,  China.     30N.  112E.  84 
Shatt  el  Arab,  Turkey  in  Asia.     3  in.  48E.  47 

Shau,  China.     32N.  117E.  83 

Shayok  River,  Kashmir.     35  n.  76E,  58 

She,  China.     37N.  114E.  83 

Shechem,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Sheiten,  Inner  Mongolia.     4 in.  logE.  82 

Sheiten-ula,  Inner  Mongolia.    4 in.  109E  82 

Shekhabad,  Afghanistan.     34N.  69E.  58 

Shemaga,  Burma.     22N.  96E.  67 

Shen,  China.     38N.  ii6e.  83 

Sheng,  China.     42N.  122E.  83 

Sheng-King,  Manchuria.     41N.  123E.  90 

Shen-si,  China.     35 n.  109E.  82 

Sheo,  Rajputana.     26N.  71E.  59 

Sheopur,  Central  India.     26N.  77E.  60 

Shergarh,  Punjab.     31N.  74E.  58 

Sherghaty,  Bengal.     25N.  85E.  60 

Shibam,  Arabia.     i6n.  49E.  44 

Shibata,  Japan.     38N.  139E.  91 

Shibetsu,  Japan.     43N.  145E.  88 

Shibushi,  Japan.     3 in.  13 ie.  89 

Shi-chao,  China.     35N.  120E.  83 

Shi-cheng,  China.     26N.  ii6e.  85 

Shichi  To,  Japan.     34N.  139E.  91 

Shi-chu,  China.     30N.  io8e.  84 

Shie-tie-tien,  China.     39N.  119E.  83 

Shigatze,  Tibet.     29N.  89E.  61 

Shikami,  Japan.     34N.  129E.  89 

Shikaripur,  Mysore.     14N.  75E.  63 

Shikarpur,  Sind.     28N.  69E.  59 

Shikotsu-to,  Japan.     42N.  I42E.  88 


PAGE 

Shiljin-gol,  Mongolia.     44N.  ii6e.  83 

Shilka,  River,  Siberia.     54N.  121E.  95 

Shillong,  Assam.     26N.  92E.  61 

Shiloh,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Shi-lung,  China.     23N.  H4E.  85 

Shimabara,  Japan.     33N.  130E.  89 

Shi- men,  China.     29N.  hie.  84 

Shimidsu,  Japan.     35N.  139E.  91 

Shimochuke,  Japan.     37N.  140E.  91 

♦Shimoga,  Mysore.     J4N.  76E.  63 

*Shimonosoki,  Japan.     34N.  13  ie.  89 

Shimosa,  Japan.     36N.  14  oe.  91 

Shi-nan,  China.     30N.  T09E.  84 

Shinano,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Shinchiku,  Formosa.     25N.  121E.  89 

Shindwa,  Central  India.     22N.  75E.  56 

Shingu,  Japan.     34N.  136E.  91 

Shinjo,  Japan.     3gN.  140E  88 

Shin-mu,  China.     39N.  hoe.  82 

Shin-san,  Japan.     40N.  140E.  88 

Shin  Shima,  Japan.     34N.  139E.  91 

Shiobado,  Tibet.     3 in.  96E.  6x 

Shi-pu,  China.     29N.  122E.  85 

Shirakawa,  Japan.     37N.  140E.  91 

♦Shiraz,  Persia.     30N.  53E.  45 

Shiretokozaki,  Japan.     44N.  145E.  88 

Shiri  Bay,  Japan.     43N.  144E.  88 

Shiriyazaki,  Japan.     4 in.  142E.  88 

Shiro,  Japan.     35N.  136E.  91 

Shi-shan,  China.     29N.  117E.  85 

Shi-tsien,  China.     27N.  io8e.  84 

Shi-tsui-tze,  China.     39N.  io6e.  82 

Shivarai  Hills,  Madras.     i2n,  78E.  63 

Shiwo  Cape,  Japan.     33N.  136E.  91 

Shizuoka,  Japan.     35N.  138E.  91 

Shoal  Gulf,  Korea.     36N.  126E.  90 

Shoka,  Formosa.     24N.  12  ie.  89 

*Sholapur,  Bombay.     i8n.  76E.  57 

Shorapur,  Haidarabad.     17N.  77E.  62 

Shorkot,  Punjab.     3 in.  72E.  58 

Shozu  South,  Japan.  35N.  134E.  91 
Shuan-chen-tin,  Manchuria.     45N.  126E.  90 

Shugshut,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  30E.  46 

Shu-ho,  China.     35 n.  H9E.  83 

Shu-ho,  China.     34N.  H3E.  82 

Shui-chau,  China.  28n.  115E.  85 
Shui-ho,  Inner  Mongolia.     39  n.  Z03E.      82 

Shui-tung,  China.     2 in.  hie.  84 

Shu-kao,  China.     32N.  12  ie.  83 

Shun-chang,  China.     27N.  h8e.  85 

Shunem,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Shung-pu,  China.     36N.  109E.  82 

Shu-ning,  China.     33N.  H4E.  83 

Shun-king,  China.     3 in.  io6e.  84 

Shun-te,  China.     37N.  115E.  83 

Shuram  River,  Punjab.     32 n.  69E.  58 

Shuri,  Lu-Chu  Island.     26N.  128E.  89 

Shuster,  Persia.     32N.  49E.  47 


2l6 


Index 


PAGE 

♦Shwebo,  Burma.     23N.  96E.  67 

Shwegyin,  Burma.     i8n.  97E.  67 

Shwe-in,  Burma.     25 n.  97E.  67 

Siak,  East  Indies,  in.  io2E.  74 
Siak  Sri  Indrapura,  Sumatra,     in.  io2E.  69 

Siak  Koh,  Afghanistan.     34N.  64E.  45 

Siak  River,  Sumatra,     in.  io2e.  69 

Sialkot,  Punjab.     33N.  75E.  58 

Siao,  East  Indies.     3N.  125E.  75 

Siao-ho,  China.     32N.  104E.  82 

Siargo,  Philippine  Islands,     ion.  126E.  Tj 

Siassi,  Philippine  Islands.     5N.  12 ie.  yj 

Siaton  Point,  Philippine  Is.     9N.  123E.  77 

Sibay,  Philippine  Islands.     I2N.  122E.  "jj 

Siberui  Island,  East  Indies,     is.  98E.  74 

Sibi,  Punjab.     30N.  68e.  58 

Sibiriakof  Island,  Siberia.     73N.  80E.  94 

Siboga,  East  Indies.     3N.  99E  74 

Siboku  Island,  East  Indies,     3s.  iooe.  74 

Sibsagar,  Assam.  27N.  95E.  67 
Sibuguey  Bay,  Philippine  Is.  7N  122E.  Tj 
Sibuyan,  Philippine  Islands.     12N.  122E.  yj 

Sidavu,  Java.    7s.  113E.  76 

Sidoarjo,  Java.     7s.  113E.  76 

*Sidon,  Palestine.     34N.  35E.  12 

Siempang,  Indo-China.     14N.  io6e.  70 

Siemreap,  Indo-China.  13N.  104E.  71 
Sierra  Madre,  Philippine  Is.     17N.  122E.  jy 

Sifa,  Cape,  China.     19N.  iiie.  84 

Sihoon  River,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  36E.  46 

Sikanderabad,  Haidarabad.     17N.  78E.  62 

Sikhota  Alin  Mts.,  Siberia.     46N.  136E.  95 

Si-kiang  River,  China.     22N.  io8e.  84 

Siktach,  Siberia.     69N.  124E.  95 

Silaymyo,  Burma.    21N.  95E.  67 

Silchar,  Assam.     25 n.  93E.  67 

Siller  River,  Madras.  i8n.  82E.  62 
Silong  Belamak  B.,  Lombok.     9s.  ii6e.  76 

Sim,  Siam.     19N.  ioie.  70 

Simalur  Island,  East  Indies.     3N.  96E.  74 

♦Simla,  Punjab.     3 in.  77E.  58 

Simoda,  Japan.     35  n.  139E.  91 

Sinagawa,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

Sinah  River,  Bombay.     i8n.  75E.  57 

Sindang  Barang,  Java.     8s.  107E.  76 

Sindh  River,  United  Provs.     26N.  79E.  60 

Sindjio,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     24N.  123E.  89 

Sindri,  Rajputana.     25 n.  72E.  59 

♦Singapore,  Malay  Peninsula,     in.  104E.  69 

Singapur,  Madras.     19N.  83E.  62 

Singaraji,  Bali.     8s.  115E.  76 

Singareni,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  8oe.  62 

Singhjani,  Bengal.     25N.  90E.  61 

Singhpur,  United  Provs.     24N.  83E.  60 

Singkawang,  East  Indies,     in.  109E.  74 

Singkel,  East  Indies.     3N.  98E.  74 

Sinjai,  East  Indies.    5s.  120E.  74 

Sinjar,  J.,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  41E.  47 


PAGE 

Sin-min-fu,  Manchuria.     42N.  123E.        90 
Sinocoan  Mt.,  Philippine  Is.     15N.  12  lE.  77 
♦Sinope,  Asia  Minor.     42N.  35E.  46 

Sipan  Dagh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  43K.  47 
Sipiongot,  Sumatra.     2N.  iooe.  69 

Sipri,  Central  India.     26N.  78E.  60 

Siquijor,  Philippine  Islands.     9N.  124E.  T? 

91 
59 
62 
60 
58 
90 
58 
59 
60 

56 
59 
47 
76 
46 
70 

59 
90 

58 
60 
67 
67 
76 

85 
46 
46 


Sirahama,  Japan.     35N.  140E. 
Siran,  Sind.     24N.  68e. 
Sircilla,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  79E. 
Sirguja,  Bengal.     23N.  83E. 

♦Sirhind,  Punjab.     3 in.  76E. 
Sir  James  Hall  Is.,  Korea,     38N.  125E. 
Sirmoor,  Punjab.     3 in.  78E. 
Sirohi,  Rajputana.     25N.  73E. 
Sironj,  Central  India.     24N.  78E. 
Sirpur,  Bombay.     2 in.  75E. 
Sirsa,  Punjab.     29N.  75E. 
Sirt,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  42E. 
Sirui,  Cape,  Java.     8s.  112E. 
Sis,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  36E. 
Sisaket,  Siam.     15N.  104E. 
Sisarah,  Rajputana.     29N.  72E. 
Sisuro  Point,  Korea.     42  n.  130E. 
Sita  River,  Punjab.     32N.  78E. 
Sitapur,  United  Provs.     28N.  81E. 
Sittaung,  Burma.     17N.  97E. 
Sittaung  River,  Burma.     17N.  97E. 
Situbondo,  Java.     8s.  114E. 
Siu-ho  River,  China.     29N.  ii6e. 

♦Sivas,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  37E. 
Sivrihissar,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  32E. 
Siwai  Madhopur,  Rajputana.     26N.  76E.  59 
Siwana,  Rajputana.     26N.  72E.  59 

Skardo,  Kashmir.     35N.  76E.  58 

♦Skutari,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  29E.  46 

Slamat  Mountain,  Java.     7s.  109E.  76 

Slim,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  ioie.  69 

Sloko,  Cape,  Java.     9s.  114E.  76 

♦Smyrna,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  27E.  46 

So-an  Island,  Korea.     34N.  126E.  90 

Society  Bay,  China.     39N.  122E.  83 

Socoh,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E.  12 

Soe-trang,  Indo-China.     9N.  io6e.  71 

Sofask,  Siberia.     5 in.  140E.  95 

Sohagpur,  Central  Provinces,     23N.  78E.  60 
Sohan  River,  Punjab.     33N.  72E.  58 

♦Sohar,  Arabia.     24N.  57E.  45 

Sohnagpur,  Central  India.     23N.  81E.      60 
Sok,  Indo-China.     15  n.  107E.  70 

Sokotai,  Siam.     17N.  iooe.  70 

Solo  River,  Java.     7s.  113E.  76 

Solombo  Island,  East  Indies.     5s.  114E.  76 
Soma,  Asia  Minor.     39N.  27E.  46 

Sombok,  Indo-China.     13N.  io6e.  71 

♦Somnath,  Bombay.     2 in.  70E.  56 

Son,  Siam.     19N.  98E.  70 

Son,  Indo-China.    2 in.  103E.  70 


Index 


217 


PAGE 

Sonali  Bazar,  Assam.    24N.  93E.  67 

Sone  River,  Bengal.     25N.  84E.  60 

Sonehut,  Bengal.     23N.  82E.  60 

Song  Bo,  Indo- China.     21N.  105E.  70 

Song  Chai,  Indo-China,     22N.  105E.  70 

Song-chin,  Korea.     41N.  129E,  90 

Song  Ka,  Indo-China.     19N.  io6e.  70 

Songkla,  Malay  Peninsula.     7n.  ioie.  71 

Song  Koi,  Indo-China.     20N.  io6e.  70 

Song-kon,  Indo-China.     i6n.  105E.  70 

Songsan,  Burma.     27N.  97E.  67 

Sonipat,  Punjab.     29N.  77E.  59 

Son-la,  Indo-Chma.     2 in.  104E.  70 

Sonmiani,  Baluchistan.     25N.  67E.  45 

Sonpur,  Central  Provinces.     2 in.  84E.  60 

Son-tay,  Indo-China.     21N.  105E.  70 

So-ping,  China.     40N.  112E.  82 

Sopur,  Kashmir.     34N.  74E.  58 

Soran,  United  Provinces.     28N.  79E.  60 

Sorol,  East  Indies.     9N.  14 ie.  75 

Sotina,  Siberia.     4 in,  89E.  94 

Soukbulah,  Persia.     37N.  46E.  47 

South  Cape,  Bali.     9s.  115E.  76 

South  Cape,  East  Indies.     22 n.  120E.  74 

South  Cape,  East  Indies,     iis.  150E.  75 

South- West  Cape,  China.     19N,  109E.  84 

Soya,  Japan.     45N.  142E.  88 

Soyazaki,  Japan.     45N.  142E.  88 
Spanish  Island,  East  Indies.     14N.  141E.  75 

Sradet,  Indo-China.     13N.  io8e.  71 

Srepok,  Indo-China.     13N.  107E.  71 

Sre-umbel,  Indo-China.     iin.  104E.  71 

Srinagar,  Kashmir.     34N.  75E.  58 

Srinagar,  United  Provinces.     30N.  79E.  60 

Srirangam,  Madras,     iin.  79E.  63 

Sriwalliputur,  Madras,     ion.  79E.  63 

Stanovoi,  Mts.,  Siberia.     62N.  150E.  95 

Stony  Tunguska  R,  Siberia.     6in.  90E.  94 
Strait  of  Singapore,  Malay  Pen.  in.  104E.  69 

Strednoi  Kolimsk,  Siberia.     67N.  158E.  95 

Stung-Treng,  Indo-China.     13N.  io6e.  71 

Su,  China.     34N.  117E.  83 

Sual,  East  Indies.     i6n.  120E.  74 

Sual,  Philippine  Islands.     i6n.  120E.  J"] 

Subarmati  River,  Bombay.     23N.  73E.  56 

Suburga,  China.     44N.  122E.  83 

Subzavar,  Persia.     36N.  58E.  45 

Succoth,  Palestine.     32N.  36E.  12 

*Su-chau,  China.     3 in.  12 ie.  83 

Suckling  Mt.,  East  Indies.     los.  148E.  75 

Sudharam,  Bengal.     23N.  91E.  61 

Sue-pau-ting,  China.     32N.  104E.  82 

Sufi,  Sind.     26N.  70E.  59 

Sugakawa,  Japan.     37N.  140E.  91 

Sui,  China.     32N.  113E.  85 

Sui,  China.     35N.  115E.  83 

I  Sui-fu,  China.     29N.  105E.  84 

Sui-ki,  China.    2 in.  iioe.  84 


PAGE 

Sui-ngzui,  China.    29N.  119E.  85 

Sui-ping,  China.     33N.  114E.  83 

Sui-te,  China.     37N.  iioe.  82 

Sui-ting,  China.     3 in.  io8e.  84 

Sui-yuen-wan,  China.     41N.  H2E.  82 

Suji,  Inner  Mongolia.     43N.  109E.  82 

Sukadana,  East  Indies,     is.  iioe.  74 

Sukit,  Punjab.     32N.  77E.  58 

*Sukkur,  Sind.     28N.  69E.  59 

Sula  Island,  East  Indies.     3s.  125E.  75 

Sulaiman  Mts.,  Punjab.     30N.  70E.  58 
Suleimamyeh,  Turkey  in  Asia.   36N.  46E.  47 

Sullivan's  Island,  Burma,     iin.  98E.  71 

Sulphur  Is.,  East  Indies.     25N.  141E.  75 

Sultameh,  Persia.     37N.  49E.  47 

Sultanpur,  Punjab.     32  n.  77E.  58 
Sulu   Archipelago,    Philippine   Is.     6n. 

I22E.  TJ 

Sulu  Island,  East  Indies.     5N.  120E.  74 

Sulu  Sea,  East  Indies.     8n.  120E.  74 
Sulu  Sea,  Philippine  Islands.     8n.  120E.  yy 

Suma-khada  Mts.,  China.     4 in.  ii2E.  82 

Sumatra,  East  Indies,     o.  iooe.  74 

Sumba  Island,  East  Indies.     los.  120E.  74 

Sumbawa,  East  Indies.     9s.  119E.  74 

Sumblng,  Mount,  Java.    7s.  iioe.  76 

Sumda,  Bombay.     15N.  75E.  57 

Sumenep,  Java.    7s.  114E.  76 

Sumoto,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Sunawaga,  Japan.     43N.  143E.  88 
Sunda,  Strait  of.  East  Indies.     6s.  105E.  74 

Sunderbuns,  Bengal.     22N.  89E.  61 

Sungari  River,  Manchuria.     45N.  125E.  90 

Sungi  Point,  Philippine  Is.     iin.  126E.  yy 

Sungiori,  Madras.     15N.  8oe.  62 

Sung-kiang,  China.     31N.  12  ie.  83 

Sung-shan,  China.     35N.  113E.           82,  83 

Sung-tao,  China.     28N.  109E.  84 

Sunites,  Inner  Mongolia.     43N.  113E.  82 

Sunkam,  Madras.     i8n.  82E.  62 

Sunth,  Bombay.     23N.  74E.  56 

Suo,  Japan.    34N.  132E.  91 

Suo  Nada  Island,  Japan.     34N.  132E.  89 

Su-pu,  China.     28N.  iioe.  84 

Sur,  Arabia.     23N.  6oe.  45 

Surabaya,  Java.     7s.  113E.  76 

Sura-buri,  Siam.     14N.  ioie.  71 

Suradan,  Madras.     20N.  84E.  62 

Surakarta,  Java.     8s.  hie.  76 

♦Surat,  Bombay.    2 in.  73E.  56 

Suratgarh,  Rajputana.     29N.  74E.  59 

Suren,  Siam.     15N.  103E.  71 

Sureydi,  Sind.     25 n.  69E.  59 

Suri,  Bengal.     24N.  88e.  61 

Surigao,  Philippine  Islands,     ion.  126E.  yy 

Surigao  Strait,  Philippine  Is.     ion.  126E.  yy 

Surkh  Koh,  Afghanistan.     32N.  67E.  58 

Suru,  Kashmir.     34N.  76E.  58 


2l8 


Index 


PAGE 

Suruga,  Japan.     35N.  139E.  91 

Suruga  Bay,  Japan.     35N.  139E.  91 

Survasiddhi,  Madras.     17N.  83E.  62 

♦Susa,  Persia.     32N.  48E.  47 

Susah,  Cape,  Sumatra.     2N.  ioie.  69 

Susaki,  Japan.     33N.  133E.  91 

Sutsu,  Japan.     42N.  140E.  88 

Suvanapum,  Siam.     i6n,  104E.  70 

Suverek,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  39E.  47 

Suzu  Cape,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 

Sverdrup  Island,  Siberia.     74N.  80E.  94 

Swat,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.  35 n.  73E.  58 
Swat    River,    N.W.    Frontier    Provs. 

36N.  73E.  58 

Swatow,  China.  23N.  117E.  85 
Swettenham,  Ft,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  ioie.  69 

Sychar,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  13 

Sylhet,  Assam.     25N.  92E.  61 

Syloo,  Assam.     23N.  93E.  67 

Syme,  Asia  Minor.  36N.  27E.  46 
Syrho    Desert,    Inner   Mongolia.     38N. 

I05E.  82 

Syria,  Turkey  in  Asia.  35N.  37E.  46 
Syrian  Desert,  Syria  and  Arabia.     32 n. 

40E.  44 

Sz,  China.     33N.  ii8e.  83 

Sze-chau,  China.     27N.  109E.  84 

Sze-cheng,  China.     24N.  io6e.  84 

Sze-chwan,  China.     30N.  105E.  84 

Sze-nan,  China.     28N.  io8e.  84 

Sze-ngen,  China.     23N.  io8e.  84 

Sz-hwei,  China.     23N.  113E.  84 


Taal  Vol.,  Philippine  Islands.  14N.  122E.  yj 

Taanach,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Tabanan,  Bali.     8s.  115E,  76 

Tabas,  Persia.     33N.  57E.  45 

Tabilung,  Sikkim.     27N.  89E.  61 

Tablas,  Philippine  Islands.     13N.  122E.  yy 

Table  Cape,  Indo-China.     ion.  105E.  71 

♦Tabor,  Mount,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

♦Tabreez,  Persia.     38N.  46E.  47 

Tabub,  Arabia.     19N.  42E.  44 

Tachin,  Siam.     14N.  iooe.  71 

Ta-chwang-ho,  Manchuria.     40N.  123E.  po 

Tacloban,  Philippine  Islands,  iin.  125E.  'j'j 

Tadmor,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  38E.  47 

Tadotsu,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Tadputri,  Madras.     15N.  78E.  62 

Taen  Arynsk,  Siberia.     62N.  127E.  95 

Tagan,  China.     33N.  104E.  82 

Tagaung-myo,  Burma.     23N.  96E.  67 

Tagbilaran,  Philippine  Is.     ion.  124E.  yy 

Tahkechi,  Malay  Peninsula,     ion.  99E.  71 

Tai,  China.     32N.  120E.  83 

Tai,  China.     39N.  113E.  82 

Tai-chau,  China.    29N.  121E.  85 


PAGE 

Tai-chau  Bay,  China.     2gN.  122E.  85 

Tai-chau  Island,  China.     28N.  122E.  85 

Taichu,  Formosa.     24N.  12 ie.  89 

Tai-hang-shan,  China.     36N.  114E.  83 

Tai-ho,  China.     27N.  115E.  85 

Tai-ho,  China.     33N.  ii6e.  83 

Taiho-ku,  Formosa.     25  n.  12  ie.  89 

Tai-hu,  China.     3 in.  ii6e.  85 

Tai-hu,  China.     3 in.  120E.  85 

Tai-jeng,  Korea.     33N.  126E.  90 

Tai-kang,  China.     34N.  115E.  83 

Taiko,  Formosa.     24N.  12 ie.  89 

Tai-ku,  Korea.     36N.  12  8e.  90 

Tai-kung,  China.     26N.  109E,  84 

Taimyr  Bay,  Siberia.     75 n,  98E.  94 

Taimyr  Island,  Siberia.     76N.  96E.  94 
Taimyr  Peninsula,  Siberia.     75 n.  iooe.    94 

Tainan,  Formosa.     23N.  120E.  89 

Taindah,  Burma.     20N.  95E.  67 

Tai-ning,  China.     27N.  117E.  85 

Taio  Cape,  Japan.     34N.  137E.  91 

Tai-ping,  China.     22N.  107E.  84 

Tai-ping,  China.     28N.  12 ie.  85 

Tai-ping,  China.     32N.  119E.  83 

Taiping,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  ioie.  68 

Taira  Japan.     37N.  14 ie.  91 

Tais,  Arabia.     14N.  44E.  44 

Taitai,  East  Indies,     iin.  119E.  74 

Taiwan,  Formosa.     24N.  12 ie.  89 

Tai-yuen,  China.     38N.  112E.  82 

Tai-yuen-hsien,  China.     38N.  112E.  82 

Tajima,  Japan.     35N.  135E.  91 

Taju,  Java.     6s.  hie.  76 

Takahagi,  Japan.     37N.  141E.  91 

Takahashi,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 

Takamatsu,  Japan.     34N.  134E.  91 

Takamatsu,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 

Takanabe,  Japan.     32N.  132E,  89 

Takang,  Siam.     i6n.  105E.  70 

Takao,  East  Indies.     23N.  120E.  74 

Takaoka,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 
Takara-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     29N.  129E.    89 

Takasaki,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Taka-shima,  Japan.     3 in.  130E.  89 

Takashima,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Takata,  Japan.     34N.  136E.  91 

Takata,  Japan.     37N.  138E.  91 

Takayana,  Japan.     36N.  137E.  91 

Tak-chau  Island,  Korea.     37N.  126E.  90 

Takeo,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  91 

Taketoyo,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Ta-kiang  River,  China.     29N.  105E.  84 

Takow,  Formosa.     22N.  120E.  89 
Takt-i-Suliman    Mt,     N.W.     Frontier 

Provs.     32 N.  70E.  58 

Ta-ku,  China.     27N.  io6e.  84 

Ta-ku,  China.     39N.  ii8e.  83 
Takuatung,  Malay^Peninsula.    8n.  99E.  71 


Index 


219 


PAGE 

Ta-ku-shan,  Manchuria.     40N,  124E.  90 

Ta  Kuwapa,  Malay  Peninsula,   qn.  98E.  71 

Takuyama,  Japan.     34N.  132E.  91 

Ta-kwan,  China.     28V.  104E.  84 

Talatcheri,  Madras.     I2N.  75E.  63 

Talaut  Island,  East  Indies.     4N.  132E.  75 

Ta-lien-wan,  Manchuria.     39N.  122E.  90 

Talikot,  Bombay.     i6n.  76E.  57 

Ta-ling-ho,  China.     4 in.  120E.  83 

Tallin-tun,  China.     42N.  ii6e.  83 

Tamba,  Japan.     35 n.  135E.  91 

Tambora,  G.  of.  East  Indies.     8s.  ii8e.  74 

Ta-ming,  China.     36N.  115E.  83 

Tammai,  Burma.     24N.  94E.  67 

Tampang,  East  Indies,     is.  114E.  74 

Tampi,  Rajputana.     25N.  71E.  59 

Tampin  Mt,  Malay  Peninsula.  2N.  io2E.  69 

Tamsui,  Formosa.     25N.  12 ie.  89 

Tamuntulang,  C,  Sumatra.     3N.  iooe.  69 

Tam-yang,  Korea.     35N.  127E.  90 

Tanabe,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Tanah,  Borneo.     3s.  ii6e.  76 

Tanah,  Cape,  Java.     6s.  109E.  76 

Tanah  Merah,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  io2E.  68 

Tanalca,  Japan.     35N,  138E.  91 

Ta-nan-hu,  China.     31N.  119E.  85 

Tanaputi,  Sumatra.     2N.  ioie.  69 

Tan-chau,  China.     20N.  109E.  84 

Tandi,  Punjab.     33N.  77E.  58 

Tanegashima,  Japan.     31N.  131E.  89 
Tanen  Taung  Gyi  Mts.,  Burma.     2 in. 

99E.  67 

Tang,  China.     23N.  hie.  84 

Tangalle,  Ceylon.     6n.  8ie.  63 

Tango,  Japan.     36N.  135E.  91 

Tanguan,  Cape,  Indo-China.     15N.  109E.  71 

Ta-ning,  China.     3 in.  hoe.  84 

Tanjong  Baley,  Sumatra.     3N.  iooe.  69 

Tanjong  Gelang,  Malay  Pen.     4N.  104E.  68 

Tanjong  Mas,  Malay  Pen.     6n.  io2E.  68 

Tanjong  Penunjut,  Malay  Pen.  41^.  103E.  68 
Tanjong  Pinang,   Strait  of  Singapore. 

in.  104E,  69 

Tanjong  Tohor,  Malay  Pen.     2n.  103E.  69 

♦Tanjore,  Madras,     iin.  79E.  63 

Tank,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     32 n.  71E.  58 

Tanon  Strait,  Philippine  Is.     ion.  123E.  JJ 

Tantalam  Island,  Malay  Pen.     8n.  ioie.  71 

Tao-chau,  China.     26N.  112E.  84 

Tao-kau,  China.     36N.  115E.  83 

Tao-kwang,  Korea.     41N.  129E.  90 

Tao-ping,  China.     24N.  117E.  85 

Tapah,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  ioie.  68 

Tapapolon,  Siam.     i8n.  98E.  70 

Ta-pa-shan,  China.     32N.  107E.  82 

Ta-ping-ho  River,  Burma.     24N.  97E.  67 

Ta-ping-orr,  China.     43N.  12 ie.  83 

Tapti  River,  Bombay.     2 in.  73E.  56 


PAGE 

Ta-pu,  China.     24N.  117E.  85 

Tapul  Island,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  12 ie.  7J 

Tara,  Siberia.     57N.  74E.  94 

Tarama-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     24N.  124 e.  89 

Tarang,  Malay  Peninsula.     8n.  99E.  71 

Tarapur,  Bombay.     20N.  73E.  57 
Tarbagatai  Mts.,  Asiatic  Russia.     47N. 

82E.  94 

Tarim,  Arabia.     i6n.  49E.  44 

Tarmuth,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Tarshis,  Persia.     35 n.  59E.  45 

Tartary,  Gulf  of,  Siberia.     48N.  141E.  95 
Ta-shang  or    Great  Sandbank,    China. 

34N.  I22E.  83 

Ta-shi-kiau,  Manchuria.     41N.  122E.  90 

Ta-shi-ki  River,  China.     26N.  ii8e.  85 

Ta-shi-shan,  China.     34N.  105E.  82 

Tashkent,  Turkestan.     4 in.  69E.  45 

Tash  Kopri,  Asia  Minor.     42 n.  34E.  46 

Tashkurghan,  Afghanistan.     36N.  6Se.  45 

Tasp,  Baluchistan.     27N.  64E.  45 

Tassiudon,  Bhutan.     28N.  90E.  61 

Tatarsar,  Punjab.     30N.  74E.  58 

Tate  Ya,  Japan.     37N.  138E.  01 

Ta-ting,  China.     27N.  io6e.  84 

Ta-tong  River,  Korea.     39N.  126E.  90 
Ta-tsing-shan,    Inner   Mongolia.     4 in. 

IIOE.  82 

Ta-tsung-hu,  China.     33N.  120E.  83 

Ta-tung,  China.     40N.  113E.  83 

Ta-tung-kau,  Manchuria.     40N,  124E.  90 

Tatwas,  Rajputana.     27N.  73E.  59 

Tau,  China.     35 n.  103E.  82 

Taungdwing,  Burma.     20N.  96E.  67 

Taung-gup  Lake,  Burma.     19N.  95E.  67 

Taung-gyi,  Burma.     2 in.  97E.  67 

Taung-ngu,  Burma.     19N.  96E.  67 

Taun-gup,  Burma.     19N.  94E.  67 

Tau  Passage,  Malay  Pen.     ion.  iooe.  71 

Taurus  Mts.,  Asia  Minor.     36N.  30E.  46 
Taurus  Mts.,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  38E.  46 

Tausk  Bay,  Siberia.     59N.  149E.  95 

Tavda,  River,  Siberia.     58N.  67E.  94 

Tavoy,  Burma.     14N.  98E.  71 

Tavoy  Island,  Burma.     13N.  98E.  71 

Tavoy  Point,  Burma.     14  n.  98E.  71 

Tavoy  River,  Burma.     14N.  98E.  71 

Tawang,  Bhutan.     27N.  92E.  61 

Tawar,  River,  Malay  Pen.     7n.  ioie.  68 

Tawara,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 

Tawi  Tawi  Is.,  Philippine  Is.     5N.  120E.  ^7 
Tayabas,  Philippine  Islands.     14N.  122E.  yj 

Tayibeh,  Turkey  in  Asia.     35 n.  3gE.  47 

Tay-ninh,  Indo-China.     iin.  io6e.  71 

Tayooka,  Japan.    36N.  135E.  91 

Ta-ye,  China.     30N.  115E.  85 

Taytay,  Philippine  Islands,     iin.  119E.  77 

Tchaoun  Bay,  Siberia.     69N.  171E.  95 


220 


Index 


Tchaubar,  Persia,     25  n.  6ie. 

Tcheripaltcheri,  Madras,     iin.  76E. 

Tchikisliar,  Turkestan.     38N.  54E. 

Tchita,  Siberia.     52  n.  114E. 

Tchorum,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  35E. 

Tchuktchees,  Siberia.     65  n.  170E. 

Tchumalari  Mt,  Tibet.     28N.  89E. 

Tebbing  Tinggi,  Malacca  Str. 

Tebuk,  Arabia.     29N.  37E. 

Te-chau,  China.     37N.  ii6e. 

Te-do,  Korea.     36N.  126E. 

Tefeni,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  30E. 

Tegal,  Java.     7s.  109E. 

Tehari,  Central  India.     25 n.  79E. 

♦Teheran,  Persia.     36N.  51E. 

Teiku,  Burma.     iSn.  97E. 

*Teima,  Arabia.     28N.  39E. 

Tejen  River,  Turkestan.     36N.  6ie. 

Tek  Myoo,  Burma.     20N.  93E. 

Tek  Naff,  Burma.     2 in.  92E. 

Tekoa,  Palestine.     32N.  35E. 

♦Tekrit,  Turkey  in  Asia.     35N.  44E. 

Tek-wen,  Korea.     39N.  127E. 

Tel  River,  Central  Provs.     2 in.  84E. 

Telek  Lake,  Siberia.     52N.  87E. 

Telgi,  Bombay.     17N.  76E. 

Telin,  Burma.     22N.  94E. 

Tell  Ashtara,  Palestine.     33N,  36E. 

Telok  Betong,  East  Indies.     5s.  105E 

Telok  Sera,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  ioie.  68 

Teluk  Anson,  Malay  Peninsula.  4N,  ioie.  68 

Tembeling,  South,  Malay  Pen.  4N.  102E.  68 

Tenasserim,  Burma.     I2n.  99E.  71 

Tenasserim  Island,  Burma.     13N.  98E.     71 

Tenedos,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  26E.  46 

Teng,  China.     33N.  112E.  82 

Teng,  China.     35N.  117E.  83 

Te-ngan,  China.     3 in.  114E.  85 

Teng-chau,  China.     38N.  12  ie.  83 

Tengiz,  Lake,  Asiatic  Russia.   46N.  75E.  94 

Tengri  Nor,  Tibet.     3 in.  90E.  61 

Tenimber  Is.,  East  Indies.     7s.  13 ie.       75 

Tenkashi,  Madras.     9N.  77E.  63 

Tenom  River,  Malay  Pen.     4N.  102E.       68 

Tenringawa,  Japan.     35N.  138E.  91 

Teradomari,  Japan.     38N.  139E.  91 

Terekli,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  30E.  46 

Ternate,  East  Indies,     o.  127E.  75 

Tersus,  Asia  Minor.     37N.  35E.  46 

Teshio,  Japan.     44N.  142E.  88 

Teshiogawa  River,  Japan.     44N.  142E.     88 

Teshiotake,  Japan.     43N.  143E.  88 

Te-tsing,  China.     23N.  112E.  84 

Tetubin,  River,  Malay  Pen.     7n.  io2E.     68 

Teun,  Siam.     i8n.  99E.  70 

Tezpur,  Assam.     27N.  93E.  61 

Thabyedaung,  Burma.     2 in.  96E.  67 

Tha-dua,  Indo-China.     19N.  102E.  70 


PAGE 

45 
63 
45 
95 
46 

95 
61 

IN.  I03E.  69 

44 
83 
90 
46 
76 
60 
45 
67 
44 
45 
61 
61 
12 

47 
90 
60 
94 
57 
67 
12 

74 


PAGE 
67 


Thagaya,  Burma.  19N.  96E. 
Thai-an,  Korea.  37N.  126E. 
Thai-binh,  Indo-China.     2 in.  107E. 

Thai-nguyen,  Indo-China.     22N.  io6e. 

Thairna  River,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  77E, 

Thai,  Punjab.     30N.  69E. 

Thai,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     33N.  71E 

Thana,  Bombay.     19N.  73E. 

Than-Loa,  Indo-China.     20N.  io6e. 

Tharawadi,  Burma.     i8n.  96E. 

Tharsuguda,  Bengal.     22N.  84E. 

Thatha,  Sind.     25N.  68e. 

Thaton,  Burma,     17N.  98E. 

Thaungdut,  Burma.     24N.  95E. 

Thaungyin  River,  Siam.     i8n.  98E. 

Thazi,  Burma.     2 in.  96E. 

Thebez,  Palestine.     32N.  55E 

The-ling  Mountain,  China.     25 n.  113E. 

Thepong,  Indo-China.     iin.  104E. 

Thibaw,  Burma.     23N.  97E. 

Thithesar,  Punjab.     30N.  77E. 

Thong-hoa,  Indo-China.     22 n.  io6e. 

Thongwa,  Burma.     17N.  96E. 

Thousand  Is.,  East  Indies.     63.  107E. 

Thuan-an,  Indo-China.     17N.  io8e. 

Thuyetmago,  Burma.     19N.  95E. 

Thuy-hoa,  Indo-China.     13N.  109E. 

Tiamat,  Siam.     15N.  iooe. 

Tibaw  River,  Malay  Pen.     7n.  ioie, 
♦Tiberias,  Palestine.     33N.  36E. 

Ticao,  Philippine  Islands.     13N.  123E. 

Tie-ling,  Manchuria.     42N.  124E. 

Tien-men,  China.     3 in.  113E. 

Tien-pai,  China.     2 in.  hie. 
*Tien-tsin,  China.     39N.  117E. 

Tien-tuk,  Siam.     15 n.  io2E. 

Tien-yen,  Indo-China.     2 in.  107E. 

Tigel,  Siberia.     58N.  159E. 

Tiger  Point,  Burma.     20N.  93E. 

Tiger  Point,  Indo-China.     iin.  io8e. 

Tigris  River,  Turkey  in  Asia.     35  n.  43E.  47 

Tininath,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Timor,  East  Indies.     los.  125E.  75 

Timoraka,  East  Indies.     5s.  137E.  75 

Timor  Laut,  N.,  East  Indies.     7s.  132E.  75 

Timor  Laut,  S.,  East  Indies.     8s.  132E.  75 


90 
70 
70 
62 
58 
58 
57 
70 
67 
60 
59 
67 
67 
70 
67 
12 
85 
71 
67 
58 
70 
67 
76 
70 
67 
71 
70 
68 
13 
77 
90 

85 
84 
83 
71 
70 
95 
67 
71 


Timor  Sea,  East  Indies.     12s.  12  ie. 


74 


Tinaca  Point,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  125E.    'jy 


Tindivanum,  Madras.     r2N.  8oe. 
Ting,  China.     38N.  115E. 
Ting-chau,  China.     26N.  117E. 
Ting-fan,  China.     26N.  107E. 
Tinggi  River,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  ioie. 
Ting-hai,  China.     30N.  122E. 
Ting-nan,  China.     25N.  115E. 
Ting-ngan,  China.     20N.  hoe. 
Ting-yuen,  China.     24N.  113E. 
Ting-yuen,  China.    32N.  io8e. 


63 
83 
85 
84 
69 
85 
85 
84 
85 
82 


Index 


221 


PAGE 

Ting-yuen,  China.     33N.  117E.  83 

I     Tinhosa  Island,  China.     19N.  hie.  84 

Tinian,  East  Indies.     15N.  145E.  75 

Tink-sai,  Indo-China.     20N.  io6e.  70 

Tinnevelli,  Madras.     9N.  78E.  63 

Tipperah,  Hill,  Bengal.     24N.  92E.  61 

Tira,  Bombay.     23N.  69E.  56 

Tiravallur,  Madras,     iin.  8oe.  63 

Tirdall,  Bombay.     17N.  75E.  57 

Tireboli,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  39E.  47 

Tiri,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     33N.  71E.  58 

Tirpetty,  Madras.     14N.  79E.  63 

Tirupattura,  Madras,     ion.  79E.  63 

Tirzah,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

Tista  River,  Bengal.     26N.  90E.  61 

Titabar,  Assam.     27N.  94E.  67 

Titalya,  Bengal.     27N.  88e.  61 

Ti-tao,  China.     35  n.  104E.  82 

Toba,  Japan.     34N.  137E.  91 

Tobol,  River,  Siberia.     58N.  68e.  94 

Tobolsk,  Siberia.     58N.  68e.  94 
Tochi    River,    N.W.    Frontier    Provs. 

33N.  70E.  58 

Tochigi,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

Tohamy  Lake,  Siberia.     55N.  77E.  94 

Toizaki,  Japan.     31N.  131E.  89 

Tok,  Indo-China.     12N.  107E.  71 

Toka,  Haidarabad.     20N.  75E.  62 

Tokachi,  Japan.     42N.  144E,  88 

Tokachi,  Japan.     43N.  143E.  88 

Tokaido,  Japan.     36N.  139E.  91 

Tokamachi,  Japan.     37N.  139E.  91 

Tokarak,  Punjab.     3 in.  67E,  58 

*Tokat,  Asia  Minor.     40N.  37E.  46 

*Tokio,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

Tokto,  China.     41N.  112E.  82 

Tokunoshima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     28N.  129E.  89 

Tokushima,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Tolbatcha  Volcano,  Siberia.     56N.  161E.  95 

Tolon,  Philippine  Islands.     9N.  123E.  yy 

To-lo-shan,  China.     36N.  120E.  83 

Tolstonovskoye,  Siberia.     70N.  84E.  94 

Tomakomai,  Japan.     42 n.  142E.  88 

Tomamai,  Japan.     44N.  142E,  88 

Tomari,  Japan.     41N.  141E,  88 

Tomari,  Japan.     43N,  145E.  88 

Tomigami,  Cape,  Japan.     37N.  141E.  91 

Tomini,  Gulf  of,  East  Indies,     o.  12  ie.  74 

Tomoh,  Malay  Peninsula.     6n.  io2E.  58 

Tomori,  Bay  of.  East  Indies.     2s.  122E.  74 

Tom,  River,  Siberia.     56N.  84E.  94 

♦Tomsk,  Siberia.     56N.  85E.  94 

Tonashi,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     26N.  127E.  89 

Tondi,  Madras,     ion.  79E.  63 

Tong,  Burma.     2 in.  iooe.  67 

Tong-King,  Indo-China.     2 in.  io6e.  70 
Tong-King,  Gulf  of,  Indo-China.     20N. 

io8e.  70 


PAGE 

Tong-kou,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N.  io6e.  82 
Tonk,  Rajputana.     26N.  76E.  59 

Tonle  Sap,  Indo-China.     14N.  109E.         71 
Tontoli,  East  Indies,     in,  12 ie.  74 

Tonz  Gol,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  33E.  46 

Tori-shima,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     28N.  128E.  89 
Torres  Strait,  East  Indies.     los.  142E.     75 


91 
91 
91 
46 

91 
91 

70 


91 
91 
91 
70 
63 
69 
63 
71 
46 
76 


Tosa,  Japan.     34N.  133E. 

Tosa,  Japan.     34N.  134E. 

Tosa  Bay,  Japan.     33N.  134E. 

Tosia,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  34E. 

Totomi,  Japan.     35N.  138E. 
♦Tottori,  Japan.     36N.  134E. 

Tourane,  Indo-China.     i6n,  io8e. 

Tourane,  Cape,  Indo-China.     i6n.  io8e.  70 

Tou-tao-kou,  Manchuria.     43 n.  127E.      90 

Toyama,  Japan.     37N.  137E. 

Toyama  Bay,  Japan.     37N.  137E. 

Toyohashi,  Japan.     35N.  137E. 

Tran  Ninh,  Indo-China.     19N.  103E 
♦Tranquebar,  Madras,     iin.  8oe. 

Tras,  Malay  Peninsula.     4N.  102E. 

Travancore,  Madras.     9N.  77E. 

Tre  Island,  Indo-China.     I2n.  109E 
♦Trebizond,  Asia  Minor.     4 in.  40E. 

Trenggalek,  Java.     8s.  hie. 

Trengganu,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  103E.  68 

Trengganu  River,  Malay  Pen.   5N.  103E.  68 

Trenuduk,  Gulf,  Malay  Pen.     5N.  ioie 

Triang  River,  Malay  Pen.     3N.  103F. 

Trichindur,  Madras.     9N.  78E. 
♦Trichinopoli,  Madras,     iin.  79E. 
♦Trichoor,  Madras,     iin.  76E. 
*Trincomali,  Ceylon.     9N.  8ie. 

Trivandrum,  Madras.     9N.  77E. 

Trivellore,  Madras.     13N.  8oe. 

Trolak,  Malay  Peninsula,     4N.  ioie. 

Tromelin,  East  Indies,     ion.  14  ie. 

Trouvers  Island,  Java.     7s.  io6e. 

Trahawala,  Punjab.     29N.  72E. 

Tsagan-chulutai,  Inner  Mongolia 

HIE. 

Tsang,  China.     38N.  117E. 
Tsan-pu  River,  Tibet.     29N.  92E. 
Tsao-chau,  China.     35N.  ii6e. 
Tsara  Nor,  China.     43N.  12 ie. 
Tse-chau,  China.     35  n.  113E. 
Tsien-chow,  Indo-China.     19N.  io6e. 
Tsien-tang  River,  China,     30N.  120E. 


41N. 


Tsi-lan-tai,  Inner  Mongolia, 
Tsi-mo,  China.     36N.  12 IE. 
Tsin,  China.     35 n.  io6e. 
Tsin,  China.     36N.  113E. 
Tsin,  China.     38N,  115E. 
Tsi-nan,  China.     37N.  117E. 
Tsing,  China.     26N.  iioe. 
Tsing-chau,  China.     37N.  119E. 
Tsing-hai,  China.     39N.  117E. 


68 
69 
63 
63 
63 
63 
63 
63 
68 

75 
76 
59 

82 

83 
61 

83 
83 

82 

70 

85 
39N.  104E.  82 

83 

82 

82 
83 
83 
84 
83 
83 


222 


Index 


PAGE 

Tsing-hai  Bay,  China.     37N.  122E.  83 

Tsing-hwa,  China.     35  n.  113E.  83 

Tsing-kiang  River,  China.     30N.  hie.  84 

Tsing-lo,  China.     38N.  112E.  82 

Tsing-ning,  China.     35N.  io6e.  82 

Tsing-shan  Mt.,  China.     25N.  117E.  85 

Tsing-shui-ho,  China.     40N.  112E.  82 

*Tsing-tao,  China.     36N.  120E.  83 

Tsing-te,  China.     30N.  ii8e.  85 

Tsing-tien,|  China.     28N.  120E.  85 

Tsing-yuen,  China.     36N.  105E.  82 
Tsin-ho  River,  Indo-China.     22N.  105E.  70 

Tsi-ning,  China.     35N.  117E.  83 

Tsin-kwang-tau,  China.     40N.  119E.  83 

Tsin-ling-shan,  China.     34N.  107E.  82 

Tsin-ngan,  China.     35 n.  io6e.  82 

Tsin-peng,  Mongolia.     43N.  117E.  83 

Tsin-shan,  China.     35N.  120E.  83 

Tsong-siong,  Korea.     43N.  130E.  90 

Tsu,  Japan.     35N.  137E.  91 
Tsubu-Shoto  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Is.     26N.  129E.  89 

Tsuchiura,  Japan.     36N.  140E.  91 

Tsuchizaki,  Japan.     40N.  140E.  88 

Tsuen-chau,  China.     26N.  hie.  84 

Tsuen-chau,  China.     23N.  119E.  85 

Tsuen-chau  Bay,  China.     25N,  119E.  85 

Tsugaru  Strait,  Japan.     4 in.  14 ie.  88 

Tsun,  Manchuria.     46N.  126E.  90 
Tsun-feng-shan  Mt.,  China.     27N.  ii6e.  85 

Tsung-ngan,  China.     28N.  ii8e.  85 

Tsun-hwa,  China.     40N.  ii8e.  83 

Tsun-i,  China.     28N.  107E.  84 

Tsuruga,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  91 

Tsurugaoka,  Japan.     39N.  140E.  88 

Tsushima,  Japan.     34N.  130E.  89 

Tsuwano,  Japan.     35 n.  132E.  91 

Tsuyama,  Japan.     35N.  134E.  91 

Tswan,  China.     37N.  io8e.  82 

Tsz,  China.     30N.  105E.  84 

Tsz-kiang  River,  China.     28N.  112E.  84 

Tsz-li,  China.     29N.  hie.  84 

Tsz-pai-shan,  China.     33N.  io6e.  82 
Tuani CO  Strait,  Philippine  Is.    iin.  125E.  77 

Tuban,  Java.     7s.  112E.  76 

Tu-chang,  China.     29N.  ii6e.  85 

Tu-fu,  China.     24N.  io6e.  84 

Tuguegarao,  Philippine  Is.     i8n.  122E.  y'j 

Tuhana,  Punjab.     30N.  76E.  58 

Tulsipur,  United  Provinces.     28N.  82E.  60 

Tumen-ula,  Manchuria.     42  n.  13  ie.  90 

Tumkur,  Mysore.     13N.  77E.  63 

Tun,  Persia.     34N.  58E.  45 

Tuna,  Bombay.     23N.  70E.  56 

Tundra,  Siberia.     71N.  145E.  95 

Tung,  China.     32N.  12  ie.  83 

Tung,  China.     40N.  117E.  83 

Tungabudra,  Madras.     i6n.  78E.  62 

Tung-chang,  China.     36N.  ii6e.  83 


Tung-chau,  China.     35N.  iioe. 
Tung-cheng,  China.     3 in.  117E. 
Tung-chuan,  China.     26N.  104E. 
Tung-chwan,  China.     3 in.  105E. 
Tung-hai  Island,  China.     2 in.  hoe. 
Tung-hsiagn,  China.     3 in.  io8e. 
Tung-hwa,  Manchuria.     42N.  126E. 
Tung-hwa  Island,  China.     22N.  H3E. 
Tung-kiang,  China.     32N.  107E. 
Tung-kiang  River,  China.     23N.  114E. 
Tungkiangtze,  Manchuria.     43N.  123E. 
Tung-king-cheng,    Manchuria.     44N. 
129E. 


PAGE 

82 


Tung-kwan,  China. 
Tung-kwan,  China. 
Tung-kwan,  China. 
Tung-ngan,  China, 
Tung-ngan  Bay,  China. 
Tung- ping,  China.     36N. 


23N.  114E. 
35N.  109E. 

35N.   HOE. 

25N.  119E. 

23N.  h6e. 

H7E. 


I  Tung-shan,  China.     24N.  h8e. 

I  Tung-tai,  China.     33N.  120E. 

i  Tung-tao,  China.     26N.  hoe. 

j  Tung-ting-hu,  China.     29N.  11 3E. 

j  Tunguska  River,  Lower,  Siberia.     64  n. 

I       88e. 

I  Tunguska  River,  Upper,  Siberia.     58N. 

I       94E. 

I  Tung-wei,  China.     35 n.  105E. 

I  Tung-wen-ho,  China.     35N.  ii8e. 

Tung-yang,  China.     29N.  120E. 

Tung-yen,  China.     27N.  109E. 

Tuni,  Madras.     17N.  83E. 

Tunjong  Bulus,  Malay  Pen.     in.  103E. 

Turakom,  Indo-China.     i8n.  103E. 

Turcomans,  Turkestan.     40N.  58E. 

Turinsk,  Siberia.     58N.  64E. 

Turukhansk,  Siberia,     67N.  96E. 

Tu-shan,  China.     26N.  io8e. 

Tu-shi-kan,  China.     41N.  h6e. 

Tuss-gong,  Bhutan.     27N.  92E. 

Tuticorin,  Madras.     9N.  78E. 

Tuyen-quang,  Indo-China.     22N.  105E. 

Tu-yun,  China.    26N.  107E. 

Tuzu  River,  Burma.     26N.  95E. 

Tyngeri,  Inner  Mongolia.     38N.  104E. 

Tyre,  Palestine.     33N.  35E. 

Tyria,  Asia  Minor.     38N.  27E. 

Ua,  Indo-China.     22N.  102E. 
Ubon,  Siam.     15N.  105E. 
Uchi  Shima,  Japan.     38N.  137E. 
Uchur  River,  Siberia.     59N   130E. 
Udaipur,  Bengal.     23N.  83E. 
Udaipur,  Rajputana.     25 n.  74E. 
Udajagiri,  Madras.     15N.  79E. 
Ude,  Inner  Mongolia.     44N.  hie. 
Udgir,  Haidarabad.      i8n.  77e. 
Udinsk  Bay,  Siberia.     58N.  164E. 


Index 


PAGE 

Udka  Kot,  Punjab.     30N.  71E.  58 

Udong,  Indo-China.     i2n.  105E.  71 

Udskoi,  Siberia,     55 n.  135E.  95 

Uga,  Japan.     35N.  136E.  91 

Uji-shima,  Japan.     3 in.  130E.  89 
Uke  Island,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     28N.  129E.  89 

Ukushima,  Japan.     33 n.  129E.  89 
Ulan-muren,  Inner  Mongolia.  39N.  hoe.  82 

Ulithi,  East  Indies,     ion.  140E.  75 
Ulugan  Bay,  Philippine  Is.     ion.  ii8e,  yy 

*Umarkot,  Sind.     25  n.  70E.  59 

Umasi  Pass,  Kashmir.     33N,  76E.  58 

Umboi  Island,  East  Indies.     6s.  147E.  75 

Umenia,  Centnil  India.     23N.  8ie.  60 

Uniut,  China.     43N.  119E.  83 

Unjunwell,  Bombay.     i8n.  73E.  57 

Unkovsky  Bay,  Korea.     36N.  129E.  90 

Uotsu,  Japan.     37N.  137E.  91 

Uraccas,  East  Indies.     20N.  145E.  75 

Urai,  United  Provinces.     26N.  79E.  60 

Urakawa,  Japan.     42N.  143E.  88 

Urawa,  Japan.  36N.  140E.  91 
Urdaneta  Mt,  Philippine  Is.     9N.  124E.  yy 

Urfah,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  39E.  47 

Urot,  Inner  Mongolia.     42 n.  io8e.  82 

*Urunuyah,  Persia.     37N.  45E.  47 

Urumiyah  Lake,  Persia.     38N.  46E.  47 

Uska  Bazar,  United  Provs.  27N.  83E.  60 
Ust  Kamenogorsk,  Asiatic  Russia.     50N. 

83E.  94 

Ust  Strelka,  Siberia.     52N.  12 ie.  95 

Usun-ada,  Turkestan.     40N.  53E.  45 

Usu-to  Island,  Japan.     42N.  14  ie.  88 

♦Utakamand,  Madras,     iin.  77E.  63 

Utalan,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  78E.  62 

UtampoUiam,  Madras,     ion.  77E.  63 

Utaradit,  Siam.     i8n.  iooe.  70 

Utch,  Punjab.     3 in.  72E.  58 

Utch,  Punjab.     29N.  71E.  59 

Uthen,  Siam.     17N.  104E.  70 

Utran,  Bombay.     2 in.  75E.  56 

Uttelli,  Madras.     17N.  82E.  62 

Utum,  Indo-China,     14N.  io6e.  71 

Uyeda,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Uyeno,  Japan.     35N.  I36e^  91 

U-yu  River,  Burma.     25N.  95E.  67 

Vaddadi,  Madras.  i8n.  83E.  62 
Vaico  River,  E.,  Indo-China.  iin.  107E.  71 
Vaico  River,  W.,  Indo-China.  iin.  107E.  71 

♦Van,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  43E.  47 

Van  Diemen  Strait,  Japan.     3  in.  13  ie.  89 

Vang,  Indo-China.     17N.  io6e.  70 

Van  Lake,  Turkey  in  Asia.     39N.  42E.  47 

Varela,  Cape,  Indo-China.     13N.  109E.  71 

Va  Semeru,  East  Indies.     8s.  112E.  74 

Vasrai,  Bombay.    21N.  73E.  56 

Veh,  Indo-China.     i6n.  107E.  70 


223 

PAGE 

63 


*Vellore,  Madras.     13N.  79E, 

Verkhoiansk,  Siberia.     67N.  133E.  95 

Verkhoiansk  Mts,,  Siberia,     65N.  132E.  95 
Verknoi    Kamtchatsk,     Siberia.       55N. 

159E.  95 

Verknoi  Kolimsk,  Siberia.     66n.  155E.  95 

Vernoi  Udinsk,  Siberia.     50N.  io8e.  94 

Victoria,  China.     22N.  114E.  85 

Victoria  Bay,  Siberia.     44N.  133E.  95 

Victoria,  Fort,  Bombay.     i8n.  7^e.  57 
Victoria  Peak,  Philippine  Is.     9N.  ii8e.  yy 

Vigan,  Philippine  Islands.     i8n.  12 ie.  yy 

Vigay  River,  Madras.     9N.  79E.  63 

Vijapur,  Bombay.     24N.  73E.  56 

Vijayadurg,  Bombay.     i6n.  73E.  57 

Vilioni,  River,  Siberia.     64N.  124E.  95 

Viliusk,  Siberia.     64N.  12 te.  95 

Vilkitsk  Island,  Siberia.     73N.  76E.  94 

Villupuram,  Madras.     i2n.  8oe.  63 

Vincennes  Strait,  Japan.     30N.  13 ie.  89 

Vingoorla,  Bombay.     i6n.  74E.  57 

Vinh,  Indo-China.     19N.  io6e,  70 

Vinhlong,  Indo-China,     ion.  io6e.  71 

Vipar  River,  Madras.     9N.  78E.  63 

Viramgam,  Bombay.     23N.  72E.  56 

Virawow,  Sind.     24N.  71E.  59 
Visayas,  Philippine  Islands.     I2n.  123E.  yy 

Vitim,  River.     Siberia.     57N.  114E.  95 

Vitimsk,  Siberia.     6on.  113E.  94 

Vizagapatam,  Madras.     17N.  83E.  62 

Vizianagram,  Madras.     i8n.  83E.  62 

♦Vladivostok,  Siberia.     43N.  132E.  95 

Volcano  Bay,  Japan.     42N.  141E.  88 
Volcano  Island,  East  Indies.     25N.  14  ie.  75 

Vuirawull,  Bombay.     2 in.  70E.  56 

Vukada,  Japan.     37N.  141E.  91 
Vung  Chua,  C,  Indo-China.     i8n.  107E.  70 

Wadayama,  Japan.     35  n.  135E.  91 

Wadhwan,  Bombay.     23N.  72E.  56 

Wadi,  Haidarabad.     17N.  77E.  62 

Wadnagar,  Bombay.     24N.  73E.  56 

Wadomari  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Is.     28N.  129E.  89 

Wady  Dauasir,  Arabia.     20N.  45E.  44 

Wai,  Bombay.     i8n.  74E.  57" 

Waigeu  Island,  East  Indies,     o.  13  ie.  75 

Waingapu,  East  Indies.     los.  120E.  74 

Wajima,  Japan.     37N.  137E,  91 

Wakamatsu,  Japan.     38N.  140E.  91 

Wakasa,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  91 

Wakasa  Bay,  Japan.     36N.  136E.  gi 

♦Wakayama,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Wakhan,  Central  Asia.     37N.  74E.  45 

Wakkanai,  Japan.     45 n.  142E.  88 

Walckenaer  Bay,  East  Indies.   2s,  140E.  75 

Walfish  Bay,  Japan.     43N.  145E.  88 

Waltair,  Madras.     i8n.  83E.  62 

Weuia,  N.W.  Frontier  Provs.     32N.  69E.  58 


224 


Index 


PAGE 

Wang,  Inner  Mongolia.     40N.  iioe.  82 

Wanga  Bazar,  Sind.  24N.  69E.  59 
Wang-je-fu,  Inner  Mongolia.     39N.  105E.82 

Wan-hien,  China,     3 in,  ioSe,  84 

Wankanir,  Bombay,     23N,  71E.  56 

Warangul,  Haidarabad,     i8n,  8oe,  62 

Wardha,  Central  Provinces,     2 in.  79E.  60 

Warora,  Central  Provinces,     20N.  79E,  60 

Washington  Gulf,  Korea.     34N.  126E.  90 

Wazirabad,  Punjab.  32N.  74E.  58 
Waziristan,     N.W.      Frontier     Provs. 

33N.  70E.  58 

Weda,  East  Indies,     o.  127E.  75 

Wei,  China,     37N.  119E,  83 

Wei-chang,  China.     42N,  117E.  83 

•Wei-hai-wei,  China.     37N.  122E,  83 

Wei-ho,  China,     34N.  105E.  82 

Wei-ho,  China.     35  n.  105E.  82 

Wei-ho,  China.     38N.  117E.  83 

Wei-hwei,  China,     35N,  114E.  83 

Wei-ning,  China.     27N.  105E.  84 

Welcome  Bay,  Java.  7s.  105E.  76 
Weld,  Ft,  Malay  Peninsula.  5N.  ioie.  68 
Wellesley,  Malay  Peninsula.     5N.  iooe.  68 

Wen-chau,  China.     28N.  121E,  85 

Wen-chau  Bay,  China,     28N.  12 ie.  85 

Wen-hs,  China.     33N.  104E.  82 

Wen-ju,  Korea.     37N.  128E.  90 

Wensan,  Korea.     39N,  127E,  90 

Wen-teng,  China.     37N.  122E.  83 

Werdi,  Turkey  in  Asia.     34N.  41E.  47 

West  River,  China.     23N.  11  ie.  84 

Wetter,  East  Indies.     8s.  126E.  75 

White,  Fort,  Burma.     23N.  94E.  67 

White  Island,  Siberia.     73N.  71E.  94 

Widjowa,  Rajputana.     25N.  73E.  59 

Wiernoie,  Asiatic  Russia.     44N,  78E,  94 

•Wi-ju,  Korea.     40N.  125E.  90 

Wolia,  East  Indies.     7n.  144E.  75 

Wonosari,  Java.     8s.  hie.  76 

Woon  Shan,  China.     28N.  ii8e.  85 

Wowrie,  Sind.     25N,  70E.  59 

Wrangell  Island,  Siberia,     71N.  179E,  95 

Wu-chau,  China.     23N,  hie.  84 

•Wu-chang,  China.     30N.  114E.  85 

Wu-chi-shan,  China.     19N.  hoe.  84 

Wu-chwan,  China.     2 in.  hie.  84 

Wu-chwan,  China.     28N.  io8e.  84 

Wu-hi-shan,  China.     36N.  hie.  82 

Wu-hu,  China,     3 in.  ii8e.  85 

Wu-kang,  China.     27N.  hie.  84 

Wu-kan-ling,  China.     27N,  114E.  85 

Wu-kiang  River,  China.     27N.  io8e.  84 

Wu-la-ho,  Inner  Mongolia.     4 in.  107E.  82 

Wulitun,  Manchuria,     42  n,  124E.  90 

Wulur  Lake,  Kashmir,     34N.  75E.  58 

Wun,  Berar.     20N.  79E.  60 

Wu-ni-kiang  River,  China.     24N.  I09£.  84 


PAGE 

Wu-ning,  China,     29N,  115E. 
Wuntho,  Burma.     24N.  96E. 
Wu-ping,  China.     25N.  ii6e. 
Wurdha  River,  Berar.     20N.  7pE. 
Wu-shan,  China.     3 in.  hie, 
Wu-shin,  Inner  Mongolia.     39N.  109E, 
Wu-sueh,  China,     30N.  ii6e. 
Wu-sung,  China.     32N.  12 ie. 
Wu-tai,  China.     39N,  113E. 
Wu-tai-shan,  China.     39N.  114E. 
Wu-ting,  China.     38N.  h8e. 

Wu-ting-ho,  China.     38N.  109E.  82 

Wu-yi-shan,  China.     228N.  ii8e.  .85 

Wu-yuen,  China.     23N.  io8e.  84 

Wynkoops  Bay,  Java.     7s.  io6e.  76 

Xuan-Dai,  Indo-China.     13N.  109E.  71 
Xuan-Dai  Bay,  Indo-China.     13N.  109E.  71 

Yabari,  Japan.     42 n.  142E.  88 

Yablonoi  Mts.,  Siberia.     52N.  H2E.  94 

Yai-chau,  China,     19N,  109E.  84 

Yakan,  Cape,  Siberia.     70N.  178E.  95 

Yakushima,  Japan.     30N.  13  ie.  89 

♦Yakutsk,  Siberia.     62N.  130E.  95 

Yalkundapuram,  Madras,     hn.  79E.  63 

Yalmal  Peninsula,  Siberia.     70N.  70E,  94 

*Yalu  River,  Korea.     40N.  125E.  90 

Yama,  Japan.     35N.  136E.  91 

Yamada,  Japan.     35 n.  137E.  91 

Yamagata,  Japan.     38N.  141E.  88 

*Yamaguchi,  Japan.     34N,  13  ie.  89 

Yamato,  Japan,     34N,  136E.  91 

Yamethin,  Burma,     20N.  96E.  67 

Yana,  River,  Siberia.     71N,  135E.  95 

Yanaon,  Madras,     17N.  82E.  62 

*Yanbo,  Arabia.     24N.  38E.  44 

Yang,  China.     25 n.  113E.  85 

Yang-chau,  China.     32N.  119E.  83 

Yang-ju,  Korea.     38N.  127E.  90 

Yang-kao,  China.     40N.  114E.  83 

Yang-kiang,  China.     22N.  H2E.  84 

Yang-sho,  China.     24N.  hie,  84 

Yang-yang,  Korea,     38N.  128E.  90 

Yao,  China.     35 n.  109E.  82 

Yao,  Japan.    35N.  136E.  91 

Yap,  East  Indies,     ion.  137E,  75 

Yari-ga  Te.,  Japan.     36N.  I38e.  91 

Yarmuk,  River,  Palestine.     33N.  36E.  12 

Yasen  Cape,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  38E.  47 

Yashiro,  South,  Japan.     34N.  132E.  91 

Yatsauk,  Burma.     2 in.  97E.  67 

Yatsugataka,  Japan.     36N.  138E.  91 

Yatsukota,  Japan.     41N.  141E.  88 

Yatsushiro,  Japan.     32N.  131E.  89 

Yawata,  Japan.     35N.  140E.  91 

Yawata,  Japan.     36N,  137E.  91 

Yayeyama  Is.,  Lu-Chu  Is.    24N.  126E.  89 


Index 


225 


PAGE 

Yazaki,  Japan.     38N.  138E.  88 

Ye-ju,  Korea.     37N.  127E.  90 

Yellandu,  Haidarabad.     i8n.  8oe.  62 

Yenama,  Burma.     20N.  95E.  67 

Yenangyaung,  Burma.     2 in.  95E.  67 

Yen-bai,  Indo  China.     2 in.  105E.  70 

Yen-chang,  China.     37N.  109E.  82 

Yen-chau,  China.     30N.  119E.  85 

Yen-chau,  China.     36N.  117E.  83 

Yeng-chhen,  Korea.     40N.  125E.  90 

Yeng-hai,  Korea.     37N.  129E.  90 

Yeng-heung,  Korea.     40N.  127E.  90 

Yeng-pyen,  Korea.     40N.  126E.  90 

Yenisei,  River,  Siberia.     69N.  87E.  94 

Yeniseisk,  Siberia.     59N.  92E.  94 

Yen-ngan,  China.     37N.  109E.  82 

Yen-ping,  China.     26N.  ii8e.  85 

Yen-shan,  China.     38N.  117E.  83 

Yen-shui,  China.     37N.  iioe.  82 
Yentai  Mines,  Manchuria.     4 in.  123E.     90 

Yen-tsin,  China.     3 in.  iioe.  84 

Yeotmal,  Berar.     20N.  78E..  60 

Yeotrup  Minbya,  Burma.     20N.  93E.  67 

Yerimozaki,  Japan.     42 n.  143E.  88 

Yero,  Lu-Chu  Islands.     28N.  129E.  89 

Yeshida,  Japan.     33N.  133E.  91 
Yeshil  Irmak  R.,  Asia  Minor.     41N.  37E.  46 

Yesvantpur,  Mysore.     13N.  77E.  63 

Yeu,  Burma.     23N.  95E.  67 

Yey,  Burma.     15N.  98E.  67 

Yezd,  Persia.     32N.  53E.  45 

Yezo,  Japan.     43N.  143E.  88 

Yezo  Strait,  Japan.     43N.  145E.  88 

Yi,  China.     30N.  ii8e.  85 

Yi,  China.     39N,  115E.  83 

Ying,  China.     40N.  113E.  83 

Ying-chau,  China.     33N.  ii6e.  83 

Ying-kou,  Manchuria.     4 in.  122E.  90 

Ying-pan-shima,  China.     37N.  104E.  82 

Ying-shang,  China.     3 in.  ii6e.  85 

Ying-yu-men,  China.     35  n.  120E.  83 

Yin-te,  China.     24N.  113E.  85 

Yi-wan  Bay,  China,     28N.  121E.  85 

Yi-yang,  China.     28N.  112E.  84 

Yi-yang,  China.    28N.  ii8e.  85 

Yo-chau,  China.     29N.  113E.  85 

Yokasuka,  Japan.     35 n.  140E.  91 

Yokkaichi,  Japan.     35 n.  137E.  91 
Yokoate-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     29N.  129E.  89 

♦Yokohama,  Japan.     35N.  140E.  91 

Yokosuka,  Japan.     35 n.  138E.  91 

Yokote,  Japan.     39N.  141E.  88 

Yolo  Island,  Philippine  Is.     6n.  121E.  yy 
Yonakuni-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.  24N.  123E.  89 

Yoneko,  Japan.     35N.  133E.  91 

Yonezawa,  Japan.     38N.  140E,  91 

Yoron-shima,  Lu-Chu  Is.     27N.  129E.  89 

Yoshinogawa,  Japan.    34N.  134E.  91 


PAGE 

Yu,  China.     27N.  113E.  85 

Yu,  China.     40N.  115E.  83 

Yu-chau,  China.     33N.  113E.  82 

Yu-chou  Peninsula,  China.     35 n.  120E.  83 

Yuen-chau,  China.     27N.  109E.  84 

Yuen-chau,  China.     28N.  114E.  85 

Yuen-kiang  River,  China.     28N.  hie.  84 

Yuen-ku,  China.     35 n.  ii2e.  82 

Yu-ho  River,  China.     28N.  ii6e.  85 

Yu-hwan-shan,  China.     28N.  121E.  85 

Yu-kan,  China.     28N.  117E.  85 

Yu-kiang  River,  China.     23N.  107E.  84 

Yule  Mountain,  East  Indies.     8s.  148E.  75 

Yu-lin,  China.     22N.  iioe.  84 

Yu-lin,  China.     38N.  109E.  82 

Yu-lin>kan  Bay,  China.     i8n.  iioe.  84 

Yun,  China.     26N.  104E.  84 

Yun-chung-shima,  China.     39N.  112E.  82 

Yun-luen,  China.    28N.  104E.  84 

Yung,  China.     23N.  iioe.  84 

Yung,  China.     30N.  104E.  84 

Yung-cha,  China.     26N.  112E.  84 

Yung-cheng,  China.     37N.  123E.  83 

Yung-chun,  China.     25N.  ii8e.  85 

Yung-ho,  China.     35N.  iioe.  82 

Yung-ngan,  China.     24N.  hie.  84 

Yung-ning,  China.     25N.  iioe.  84 

Yung-ning,  China.     26N.  io6e.  84 

Yung-ning,  China.     34N.  112E.  82 

Yung-ning,  China.     37N.  hie.  82 

Yung-ping,  China.     40N.  119E.  83 

Yung-shan,  China.     28N.  104E.  84 

Yung-shun,  China.     29N.  iioe.  84 

Yung-sui,  China.     28N.  109E.  84 

Yun-ho,  China.     28N.  119E.  85 

Yun-nan,  China.     25N.  103E.  84 

Yun-yang,  China.     33N.  hie.  82 

Yuomi,  Lu-Chu  Islands.    29  n.  129E.  89 

Yu-tsai-shan,  China.     35N.  114E.  83 

Yuwasa,  Japan.     34N.  135E.  91 

Yu-yang,  China.    28N.  109E.  84 

Yuzgat,  Asia  Minor.    40N.  35E.  46 

Zafaranboli,  Asia  Minor.  41N.  33E.  46 
Zagros    Mts.,   Turkey  in   Asia.      36N. 

45E.  47 

Zairat,  Punjab.  30N.  68e.  58 
Zaisang,    Lake,    Asiatic  Russia.     48N. 

84E.  94 

Zakhu,  Turkey  in  Asia.     37N.  43E.  47 

Zamboanga,  Philippine  Is.     7n.  122E.  yy 

Zamie  River,  Burma.     i6n.  98E.  67 

2^noah,  Palestine.     32N.  35E.  12 

2^ra,  Turkey  in  Asia.    40N.  38E.  47 

2^rafshan  River,  Turkestan.     40N.  67E.  45 

Zarang  Desert,  Persia.     35N.  52E.  45 

Zarephath,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Zayan  Mountains,  Siberia.    52N.  96E.  94 


226 


Index 


PAGE 

Z«bu  Island,  Philippine  Is,     iin.  124E.  'jj 

♦Zebulon,  Palestine.     33N.  35E.  12 

Zeitun,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  37E.  46 

Zeitun,  Turkey  in  Asia.     38N.  41E.  47 

Zeya  River,  Siberia.     50N.  127E.  95 

Zhob,  Punjab.     3 in.  69E.  58 

Zhob  River,  Punjab.     32 n.  70E.  58 


Ziklag,  Palestine.     3 in.  35E. 
*Zileh,  Asia  Minor.     40N,  36E. 
Zinjan,  Persia,     37N.  48E. 
Zmeinogorsk,  Siberia.     52  n.  82E. 
Zobeir,  Turkey  in  Asia.     30N.  48E. 
Zorah,  Palestine.     32 n.  35E. 
Zulfiear,  Persia.     36N.  6ie. 


PAGE 

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94 
47 
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