'\
Edited by
^HMnH'
Published by
<?hf (Times.
VOL. I.
OCTOBER 23, 1S9T, TO JANUARY 1, 1898.
"iff'
LONDON :
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY GEORGE EDWARD WRIGHT.
AT THE TIMES OFFICE, PRINTING HOUSE SQUARE.
18U8.
INDEX TO vol.. I
PAOt
AMERICAN LKTTBRS-
.',«. ss, I'ja. lil. isl, '-'14, 246 a7R, Sll, 343
AMONO MY BOOKS
A<l>li«>u's 'Iriivpli -<1
Advnituri'ii of C'birubiiuk 14<
Aimricnii Hixtoripi 27i
OrUiii lvriK-t» «f Modern Critioim, Oa 20U
('oiloi|uy III! I'ri1ii'i»in, A 17
Iliitury »« it in VVrittrii 48
Li'of fi'iiiii an Inn Album, A SS6
Periihal)!.. Hookn 178
I'oi'tii' JuilnniinU upooPoeU 805
ThouKhtii on Stylo 11-
I'tjlinesii in Kirtion 80
AT THE BOOKSTALL
.15, 119, 180, 310
AUTHORS OF BOOKS REVIEWKD-
Ailnm, Junirn 270
Atlilrrliy, Jnnia* 21U
Adv. Mi« 239
A.ft in
Aitksn, (Jeorge A 233
AlUnion-Wimi, K. G 202
All.n, Au.lrey Mayhew 30>.t
Allrn. (imut 226
AlUn, Thomna Taylor 294
AnibroKiiis, Johanna 326
Andi-raon, Kobvrt 141
Anonymous 47
AOKon. Sir William 207
Amioiir, Marfarrt 341
Arnintronu, Anniv E 24.">
ArniHtronK, Arthnr CoUa 268
AshMii-iid-Hartlrtt, Sir Ellis 23
Askwitb. ti. H 170
Afpinwall, Alicia 276, 309
AtteridKC Helen 309
Kain. K. Ni.sbft 210
Bilker, Kev. A 206
Balfour. A. J 296
Balfour. M. C 85
Baring -Could, 3 6S, 117
Barlow. Jane 84
Barr, Mattbiaa 268
Barrio, J. M 841
Barry, Binbop 205
Bartram, Cieorge 63
Bedford, H. I^iuiaa 810
Bell. Mri. Arthur 240
Bennett, John 275
Bennett. \V. II 204
Berkeley, George 295
B<rn. Maximilian 245
Bickirdykc 149
Bierbaum. Otto Juliui 179
BigK«. C. H. W 175
Biomiion. Bjomitjerne 178
Blaik. L.M.P 147
Blackmorc. K. U 273
Blasblicid, E. H 334
Blomlleld. Reginald 101
Bloun.lelle, Burton 274
Blun.lell, Mrs. Francis 62
Bonner, (i. A 64
Bonufeblt. W. B 204
Bonny. Kev. Prof 399
Bootbby. Guy 23
Bounlillon. Francis William 15
Bourget. Paul 292
Boutniy. E 172
Boville, Mai 170
Bradley, Henry 201
Brual, Sliebel 197
Broniby, Charles Hamilton 141
Brtekstail. H. L 178
Browne, Maggie 310
Bruce, A. B 173
Bryce, Kt. Hon. JamM 261
Bryden, H. Anderson 13'J
Burnett, Sir Henry 342
Burgoyne, F. J 200
Bnrke, H, F 342
Bumev. Charlea 303
Bury. U G 271
Buahby, Dudley ChulM 268
Butler, Samuel 19S
Canipljell, Uobert 24 m
Carter, Kev. T '.'."....' 77
Curtwrijiht. Julia 23»
Catherwood, Mary Hartwell 275
Care, Rev. R. H 244
fAOl ;
ArTiiouii or SooKN Rcriiwiv— (eonlinnMl)
Chanibem 342
Cbanil«T», Kobert W -'IJ
Charltou, R. J
<huroh. Hey. AUrad 'â–
Clare, Aoatin 147
rAOB
Rook a R«TltW«i («o1l— ><)
Dyioo 7
Clark, J. W.
('lintim, ilanry Ijaum .
Clouiib, B. A.
Ill
1:1.'.
Clouiton, K. Warrco )•''*
Coleridge, M. B ll-f
Cookson, George 26M
Conler, Annie SG8
Comford, Re». J 105
Corni.h. C. J 2»6
Craekantbonie, Hubert 167
Crauipton, deorgo , 908
Craven. Udv Helen 23
Crawford. .%(arioD 17«
Creswick, I'anl 84
Crockett. S. R 8J
Crowest, Frederick J 142
Croxier, Jubn Beattie 44
Dakyna, H. O 271
DAnvem, N 240 I
Diirnieate' "' . Janm 298 1
Davis, K: rig 109
Diiwaon, ^\ i iirbut 107 1
Dawson, W. J 21'-'
DebtrtI 341
Delia Uocca, Gen. Knrieo 7U 1
Do Mitty. Jean 266
De Nolhac. I'ierie 2^6 '
De Vere, Aubrey I ^
Dirkion. Arthur i
Diebl. Mrs. M 11..
DitchlleJd. P. H 118
Dobaon, Austin 19<»
Dml „ 342
Dowden. Edward 7
Du Maurier, 49, 276
Dyke. Rev. Principal J. Oswald 77
Earle, John 202
Ebeni, (ieorg 211
Ellis. Edward 8 24 4
Ellis. F. 8 2.13
Elphinstone. Sir Howard WarburtoD Ill
Emmet. Ix<wis E 303
Eve, (}. W 240
Everett-Green, Mist 275
Eyton, Canon 23'.'
Fairbairn. A. M 204
Faly, Patrick, C 146
Farrow, G. E 310
Fenn, G. Manville 276
Ferguson, Sir Samuel 140
Feriiald, J. (' Sr'
Field. Eugene , SOU
Findlay. J. J 42
Fitch. Sir Joshua 42
Fitzgerald. S. J. A 106
Flammarion. Camille 106
Fletcher, J. S 310
Fleming. David Hav 164
Forbes- Holiertson, Fraacea 147
Ford, (ieorge 180
Foni, Paul l^icester 149
Fothergill. J. Milner 110
France, Anatole 76
Francis, Beata 309
Francis, M. E 68
Frnser, Rev. James 108
Gaelvn. Henry „ ^ 3.13
Ganiiner, Samuel RawsoD 38
Garland, Hamlin 197
Gariitt. Con.slance 178
Oemnur. C. U 268
Gethen. H. F 810
Gibeme, Agnea 809
Gibson. Charles Dana 277
Gi.ssing. (ieorge 24,^
Golsebiiiana. Lion 309
Goninie, G. Laurence 341
Gosse, Edmund 16.5
Gould. Nat 245
Graham. J. M 22
Grand. Sarah 145
(;runt. Prof. A. J 142
Greenhow. Surgeon-Major H. H 115
Gieenedge. A. H. J 203
Greenwool. Harry 143
Griffith, F. U _ 330
Griffith. George 244
Guyon, Madame 294
ii King
A.W
M
II
118
116
M
IM
<!•
S«
Ha»«i>. 11. 1; ^.......n S7(
Hitwthome, Nathaniel ..^.^^..m 141
lUy. Alfred 175
Hayens. Herbert lit
Haiell „ „... M9
Heam. I.afcadia 41
Healb. Admiral Sir UopoU 174
Heatl. T I SO6
Hea' Ul
He. harle* Wiliiaa > 1«7
K M
!. - US
mO „ M
Henley. William Emeat M, SM
Hentv. G. A „ 117
Herr
Hid
Hir
Hill
Hil
Hon
Hoi
Hoe
II..
H,.
11, .:
211
244,841
■«ae»Me«e»e— ■— Wv
•••••eaaeaee •■• 99
M4
MS
S4S
^ SI
S7»
lat
Home. Andrew „ .m». S1#
Hooper. T ^ ..... 117
Ho|. • \ _ $U
H. , •. A S»7
Hun S3
Hume. .M.ilin A. 8 18S
Hunt. \ iolet tit, Xli
Hunter. W. A 7»
Hutchinson. Kev. H. N St7
.kU'ck
^rd B.
Hatrhiuion. Tbomaa ,
Irwin, S. T „....
Jackson. A. M
James. Henry
Jebb. Prof. ft. C. ...
Jenkiiu. Edward
SSS
SM
lis
M
S70
ss
J•l>^opp. AugUStOl SSS
Jokai, .Maurus S14
Keith. l.<slie „ 53
Kenyon, Frederic O. .„„.... ^ M, 9(0
Kipling. Kudyard 81
Knigbt. William 140
KuoxLittle. W. J 1S«
La-Id. George TumboU 75
La Farge. John „. SOS
Lamb, Horace SOS
Landor. Walter Savag* ...._ .'.... SSS
Lang, Andrew „ SOB
Lawson. Henry 147
Layard. Nina Fraacea. ^.^.^ SM
Lean. Lieut. -Col. F. ,„ SOI
Leelerc, Max SSO
Lee. Albert „... S75
Lee". .1 Can»roo ....„ „ SM
Le( . !:ichaid „ ISO
I-ei -rt S44
Lev. . - _ S74
Liddon, H. P. .„ •<
Lie. Junaa 17S
Little „_. S7S
Un-k. Kev, Walter „ SSO
Locke. William J _ SS
Ixx-kyer. Sir Norman „ IS
Loyd. Udy Mary SOO
Lurs
Lyf.
Ml
M (
Ml
M'(
M N
Ma.
Ma.
Ma.
Ha.1
Magnun. l.,a.iy
Magnus. Laurie
Uaban. Capt. A. T.
Ualan, Rev. A. N. .
VerraU S04, SIS
Hon. B 14
a 14«
SSO
„ » SOS
. - ro
rd „ S18
O SS
_ SS4
Forater 70
1). U SO
_ 47
78
SOO
SM
INDEX TO you I.
PAOK
AMERICAN LETTKRS-
r.ll, ss, ITi, IJl, IHl. '-'14, 246, 278, Sll, 34a
AMONG MY BOOKS-
Ail.lnou'* Tciwi-U 241
AdvotituiiH of Cluriibin* 144
AiiiTiraii lli«t<)rie» 2"'.'
CrrUiii Pcfectit of MoUain Critieim, On 'ZO'J
Oc>iloi|uy on CriliciHiii, A 17
Fli>tory *• it ia Written 48
Iii'itf front an Inn Allmm, A 336
I'liriilmtilf Hooks 176
I'oi'tH' .Uiil|{ini'nt« upon PoeU SOft
ThoiiKbtH on Stylo ll'J
rglinemi in Fiction 80
AT THE BOOKSTALL -
r>5, 119, 180, 310
AUTHORS OP BOOKS REVIE\VED -
Ailnm, .IiinK* -70
Aildi'rliy, Jnrna* 210
Ally, Mm 289
A.fc in
Aitk;-n, Crorge A 2S.1
AlUnton-Winu, K. G 202
AlUn, Auilrey M«ybew 30«
All*n, Ciraut 226
AlUn. Thomai T»ylor 294
Anil>roKiiis, .loliamift 326
Andcrtou, KolxTt 141
AnoiiyiiiiniK 47
Anxon, Sir William 207
Armour, Margaret 341
AriiiKtroug, Aiiiiio E 24:°>
Aniistronn, Artliur CoUs 26H
A»hmpnd-Hartl<-tt, tSir Ellis 23
Ankwith, Ci. K 170
Afpinwall. Alicia 276, 309
Atteridge, Helm 309
Bain, R. Nisbct ?10
Baker, Kcv. A 206
Balfour, A. J 298
Balfour, M. C 85
Baring-tiouUl, 8 63, 117
Barlow, Jam" 84
Barr, Matthia* „ 268
Barrie, J. M 341
Barry, Bishop 20S
Bartriin, (!eorgs 58
l»4dford, H. I^)ui»B 310
Bell, Mrt. Arthur 240
Bennett, .lohn 275
Bennett, W H 204
Berkelry, George 295
Bini, Maximilian 245
BickcTdyke 149
Birrliaum, Otto Julius 179
Bigga, C. H. W 175
Biiirnson, lijiirrutjeme 178
Black, L.M r 147
Blackniore, K. 1) 273
BlashlieUl, K. H 334
BlomlieM, Kiginald , 101
Bloundelle. Burton 274
Blunilt'll, Mrs. Kranuia ,
Bonner, U. A
Bonnfel.lt, W. B,
Bonny, Uev, Prof.
Bootbby, Ouy
52
B4
204
299
23
MTV^WUUJ, VIHJ ^O
Bourdillon, Francis William 15
Bourget, t'aul 292
Boutmy, K 172
Boville, Mai 170
Bradley, Henry 201
Brial, Michel 197
Broniby, Cbarira Hamilton 141
BroekKtad. H. L 178
Browne, Maggie 310
Bnice, \. B 173
Bryce, Ut. Hon. James 261
Brydrn, H. Andernon 13U
B'lr.l.tt, Sir Henry 342
Burgoyne, F. J 200
Burki'. H. F 342
Bumey. Charles ".'" so3
Burr, K, d |. 271
Bushby, Dudley Charies 268
Butler, Samuel 198
Campbell, Kobert '"24 m
Carter, Kev. T 77
Cart\vrii;ht. .lulia 239
Catherwood, Mary Hartwell 275
Cafe, Kev. U. H 244
\ r Books RVTilwib— (cootinue.l
' .».. -r.. Kobirt \v.!!!!i.'.."...V. ...
Charllnu, R J ili
Church, Iter Altnd - >*''
Ctnre, Aoatm !
Clark. J W »„ ».
Clinton, Henry laorta 1
Clougli, B. A 32^1 I
(â– loimtnn, K Warreo 137 1
Col., '! i: IIS I
Co. 1 « S68
Cor.1 t«8
Comforil, Her. J 105
C.imi.b, C. J .„ 296
Crar!- V Vrt 167
Oral 808
Cr;.> 28
Cra»l.,r.l, .NUriuo 178
Cre.wick, I'aul 84
Crockett, S. R 82
Crowest, Kreilerick J 142
Crorier, Jolm Beattie 44
n.ikvn«. H. (; 171
1) Anv,r«. N MO
Darmeateler, Madame jame* 198
Davis, Kiclianl Hartling 109
Dawson, William Harbut 107
Dawson, W. J 212
Debrtstt 341
Delia Rocca, (ieo. Borioo 70
Dc Mitty, Jean 268
De Nolhac, I'iarra ^ S.lfi
De Vero, Aubrey 133
Dickson, Arthur Ill
Dichl, Mrs. M 14.'»
Ditchliel.l, 1'. H „ ir.S
Dobson, Austin I9'l
Dod 342
Dowden. Edward 7
Du Maurier. O 49, 176
Dyke, Rev Principia J. Oswkid 77
Earic, John J02
Ebers, (ieorg 211
Ellis, Edward 8 241
Ellis, F. 8 2.13
Elphinstone, Sir Howard WarbnrtoD Ill
Emmet, Ix-wis E .10.1
Eve, (J. W 240
Eren'tt-Cireen, Uiss 275
Evton, Canon 239
Fairbairn. A. M 204
Faly, Patrick, C 14«
Farrow, (J. E 310
Fcnn, (!. MaoTille 275
Ferguson, Sir 8amu«l 140
Fernald, J. C 34-.'
Field, Engeno 309
Fiiidlay. J. J 42
Fitch, Sir Joshua 42
Fitzucnild, S. J. A 105
Flammarion. Camille 106
Fletcher, J. S 310
Fleming, David Hay 164
Forbes- ItoU'rtson, FnUKM 147
Ford, (ieorge IhO
Foni, Paul l.,eic«ster 14'.>
Fothergill, J. Milner 110
France, Anatole 75
Francis, Beata 309
Frami.«, M. E 52
Fniser, Uer. Jamas 108
(iaehn. Henry _ 3.13
(lapfiner, Samuel KawsoD 3X
(iarlaiKl, Hamlio , Ill7
(iarrett, Coiutaooe 178
Oemmer. C. U 168
Gethen, H. F 310
(iil>eme, Agnes 309
Gibson, Charles Dans 277
(iissing, (Jenrge 243
Oolsebmana, LcoD 30^
Conmie. (i. Laureaoe 341
(!os.se, E.lmund 165
Gould, Nat 245
(iraham, J. M 22
Grand, ."^arah 145
(;rant. Prof. A. J 142
Gr«eiibow, Surgeon-Major H. II 115
Greenclge, A H. J 203
Greenwool. Harry 143
Griflith, F. LI _ 330
(irimth, (ieorge 244
Ouyon, Madame 294
rkou
Ki Kktibwbu— (eoMtauad)
'jraosi 7
II
116
115
»«
IM
«•
14
SM
17*
141
176
US
S4S
41
imiikl 8ir Uopold 174
I SN
111
l$t
'â– '-"f •â–
Hall, Mrs. A. W. .
Hamilton. M.
• . Cliriatopber
.u-k. Dr. A.l..l(<il ..
. r:>den,B«'atrice „
Hart, Brig (ira. K. O
Hart, Mrs. Kniest
Haoeis. H. R
Hawthorne, Natbaoirl
Hay. Alfred
Hayrns, llrrbcrt ,
lUsell „.. ^„
If — .. I nfeadio -.
barles WiUiaa „.„
;! K , _
Hendry, Hamiah ,. lU
Henham, Km**t G „ „«.«.... B4
•• " n Emwt „. M, SM
IIT
II 111
lliel.tio, : »..».,..,. sot
Hick^.n. y ^ 144, Ml
Hill.' ..-T:k „,.... „„. SM
Hil „ „„». ,„.„ SS
Ho»: S _ SM
Hol.b.^. J.jLu Uliret „^... fl4S
H.H.y. Mrs. Caakel >.. S4S
Hollis, Margery „.„ SS
Holmes, F. M „ STS
Holmes, Richard B â„¢ IS*
Honie. Andrew „ „„. SIS
Hooi«-r, T „ „....„ „ lit
Hopkins, A. A «...» „.,.^... SM
Hopkms, Albort A SS7
Home, Fergus ...„,...„ SS
Hume, Martin A. 8 ISS
Hunt, Violet „... lU, 274
Hunter, \V. A „ 7»
Hutchinson, Rev H. N «.»._.„... SS7
Hutehin«on, TtiOmas ^.^^.^ ISS
Irwin, 8. T »....„»„.„ SSS
Jackson, A. M „._....„.,„...^„....„. IIS
James, Henry „.., IS
Jabb. Prof. ft. C STS
Jenkins, Edwaid „„,.m SS
Jassopp, Augustas ,„ „.,..„.„ SSS
Jokai, .Mauru.s SiS
Keith. 1/islie _ ,. SS
Kenyon, Frederic Q. .„ „...M, SSO
Kipling. Huilyard 81
Knight. William 14S
Kuox-Little, W. J „^ ISS
L».ld. George TumboU „.„ 7S
Lai • 'r, SSS
SSS
147
Laii : .- Savsig*
Lang, Au-lrew
Lawson, Henry „ „„,
I>ayard. Nina FriTas
Lean, Lieut. -Col. F SSI
Leclerc, Max SSS
Lee. Albert _„. S7S
I.,ers, J Cameron ....^ „ SSS
Le ( i all ienne, Kiduud „ „ IfS
Iveighton. Robert S44
I^ver, Charles S74
I.iddon, H. F SS
Lie. Jonas „ ITS
Little „ „. STS
Lock, Rer. Waltar „ ^ SSO
Lorka. William J ,..„„.... 8S
Ix>ckyer, Sir Norroas .- IS
lx.v.1, Udy Mary MO
Lucas. i:.l«..rd Verrmll M4, llS
Lvf Hon. B ... 14
M'c a IM
M C. imH. SSO
M'Donnell, AC lOS
M'GilTert, Arthur C. 170
.M'Nidtv, E.lwaid „ US
Macllvaine, H. O IS
Mackail. J. W SM
.MacSwinnev. Robert Fonlar „ TS
Ma<l'l-n. Kt Hon. D. U SS
Ma,.! 47
Ma^ „ 78
Mab. v. T SOe
Ualaa, Uev. A. N. SM
354
INDEX.
rAOB
Acruok.-i or Books Bctibwbd— (•oaUaued)
Utn-b. K. A 342
ManDdia, O. B MS
MaiadMi. «. O Ill
Umr,h RifhMvl S3, 117
■out RlTllwiD— {continued)
111
r.. »
.W. 8
F. T
Xaxirvll-8cott. Hon.
Hrin, Arthur V
" lith > -â– .
Mrs.
M»]mU.
MilWili. i'aul
Minehia, J. U. Cotton .-
HolMWMth. Mr«
MoUoy. J. FitxerUd
MoBtrttor. F. V
Moara, PloraoM
Moor*. TboittM ,
ltor'->nRrown, H. .«.„..
M.' ■■■•
M. . iiu
MorriMO, Aritaur
Moakittrick. K. K „.
Ilaaro, John
83
>.... 333
114
84
807
„ SS9
IW
6»
M
tee
je»
827
S43, 310
14 r
SIO
... 26.^
... i;-.>
38, 72
... 2!
... so.'
... 244
Mtnu. Stfinund ** 134
MurraT, l>r. J
liumll. WiU
Nm^Ijt, Hrnry .
Nspirr, (irorgr Q
Nsriaaon,
Kavberrj,
New*— '•
A. H.
H. W.
VaoBf B. ..
'>»ocU H.
,1c
^U, LMly .
- L.
201
110
333
329
277
245
SXi
111
324
71
341
173
14H
142
22 j
HI
200
10
N.
NirboU. :
Nir^i: 1 .
No:.
Moms, n
Oigm, W. .
Ofrie. Jotm J
uriphaot, Mra
Ottlrj. K. L 100
Orertoa. John Hemy ....>.« 331
Facet. 8tepiMO Hi
FklKraT*, Prancii T 28G
Fury. Jadf 248
F>tar«aa. Arthor „ 62 <
P.ton. AlUa H«»k 233 I
Patrick. D»»id 342 I
81 1
304
77
148
2»»
276
24.';
102
206
! „ 149'
on. Sir B. .„ 237
orlny, Cli»» 82
cl T 141 I
t K»r 118]
K.r.D Maoindes 43
r. K ; 341
^ 829
I 244
ck. Btft. 34, HI
„ 24
' infiloa « 1 m
„ - 18
116
32H
309
22t*
142
Sin
21) U
207
341
Payne, Ja
Faake, A. 8
PCMry. K«T. R. B
Pni.{. r»l M.rr L ,
F«i„ -r
Ptn:, :i
PtnaT, iiirfjartl
FwkuM. JuuM Brack..
Prrrv. Jobn
â– .V M.
L.
D. .».
rio« X. .
'Pin
K
\
"»od —„.... 143
i.-rt „
ll.u-.i, .ii
â– "L."o."6V...r.T.7.*.'."
A. Mary P
Pmlrnck 8
Bodd, RrancU
O. J
I of R1»r|<tMt«rir. Lt..Ool.
Bo»" ' m Miefaaal .„..
Km- -rk „,.
Kymn f*
SaWticr, Aiig M ta...,
2J«
33.'.
171
340
207
T.>H
10«
:v.M
1 0.1
116
23
IS
211
337
29S
.lam ^ 330
23
A Ill
Inors -. ~ ,..,. 322
Kilbum 175
S87
W 171
' o SOS
13
104
84
333
309
396
363
3*6
77
309
203
SOS
1",
AOTl
hi.. V I.
Bauibit'
Sasntoi
8aB«lay,
Baaiia, Juliii
BaiinJrr*. O
BcV- '
8.
&.
B.T i. A
Berfeant, l/ewii
Bctoim, Oabriel
Bhan<l, Alcxaniler
Bhar)i, Kvrlyn
.Ki,..r!>r, Mr*. Clement
IMilli
Mora
:- H
:- 1 Ip
."â– v 1 lUiaro
^•Kow, lUomaa
Sommrr. H. Oiikar 118
..,,„„ M well 15
237
uh 48
. Ucv 287
Dr. (iordon 244
.;..., riora A 212
8teeTcn», U. W 302
St«phcoM)n C 171
StevenaoD. Hobprt LouU 18, 309, 341
Strinnpr. Frnnrin A 303
8tuart, Kuth McKner; 212
Suildanis, V 171
Burrry, Mnrgaret 244
Swift, iteiijnmin 51
8yri>tt, Nett» 311, 300
T«l)b. .John B 15
Tadenia, lAureuce Alma 268
Tanrer, J. C „ 2S9
Tanna 243
Taunton. ReT. Ethalred L 73
Taylor, Mins Lucy 275
Telle. C. P 369
Temple, A. 876
Tennrann, Loril 3, 84
Th«clieray. Rpy. V. 8 205
Ticknor. Caroline 375
Timiot. M 17.S
Townnhenil. Dorothea. 70
Tupper, .lohii Lueaa 23.')
Turner, B. B 199 |
TurKenev, Ivan 178 ;
Twain. Mark „ 330
Tyl.T, MoMW Coit 194 '
l^yler, Sarah 148
I rquliart, John W 175
36
24:<
109
310
301
ur.
Vallanre, Aymer
Venie, .luleii
ViUrt. Col. II. H
Von dcr Lippc Konow, Ingeborf
Von Verily ilu Vemoif, Oen
Voynioh, K. L _
WnMatein. I.ouii 231
Walker. I'rof. Hii({b 142 1
WarborouRh. Miirtin Leach 309 ;
Warburton. Henry 303 '
Wnnl, Wilfred 297
WaUon, Alfre.1 E. T 33r.
Wataoii, E. H. Ucon 117
Wataon, I.ily 117
WaUon, William 2r>8
Watt-Dunton, Ilieodore 162
Wedmore, F 328
WeirMiteliell, 8
Wei«a Schmttenthal, Prof. Karl
WelU, H. (J
Wentoott. Dr. B. P
We«toriT, Miaa
Wheatley, H. B
Wheeler, ^<tepl>en
Whi<h«<r, Prod
Whintler, Charlea W
Whitaker »42
Wjll*rforee. A. H „ 5
Wilkin«, .Marv E 19
•■*"■PAOK
CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED
ARTICLES AND LETTERS, d(0. -
" A •• „ 209
Arnold, A. O ,...„, i:;o
Bibliopfailo* 345
Birrell, .\uxuttine „ 17
Black, C 281
Boyle, Kreilk 34,',
Bro.iiliy, C. H 280
Burlei|{h, Tbom-u „ -A]:,
Carryl, (Juy Welmore 272
(Jtibb, Ceranl V I8.t
Cixik. riieixlore A 151
(Vewe, Karl of „ 336
Dawiuin, William Harbutt 183
DoltHon, Atiatln I44
Eilitor of tlie Qaaritrly Rtritm 2l.'>
Pottey. A 8.%
Kuniier Bookaeller, A 184
tSaniett, R S04
CibKon, William Wilfred 208
(â– oaKe, Edmund 241
(Iralmiii, Jnmea H 85
Hus.s.ir, An 120, 24K
JaniFH. Henry 306
KipliuKi Kudyard 16, 170
LanK. Anilrew 48, 314
LawleKi, Kinily m. 176
Lely, <i. M t Sift
Librarian, A 281
MHclarrn, Inn „ 80
Maele...!, Fiona 240
Maliaify, I'rofeaaor 112
Martin, K. S 314
Murray, Frauk 216
Nutt, Alfred 184
Palmer, .1. Luttrell 216
Powell, (1. H 183
Reich. Kmil 213
BolHTta. W. Rhya 184
Bargeant, I.ewia 150
Shiuid, Alrx. Innea 345
Sillard, P. A 248
Smith, Cid.lwin 272
Stephen, I.eHlie 176
Btillinan, W.J 183
ToTnl>ep. Paget 216, 344
Tyler. Thomaa 150
W*at«nii, William 144, 305
Writer i>f .\rticle on Misa Mitfiinl in
" nictionniy of Nnti<mal Biography ". 151
CORRESPONDENCB-
American CoUegei 183
Bingraphy 314
Bookaaie .\vera(fe« 345
Boukteller'a Cnevance, A 315
Bookaellinit V<>e>t^<<>n> I^M 1^> 816, 248
Ethica of I'liblishirig .'M5
areece in the XI.X. Centurj- 150
Historical .Accuraoy in Fiction 85
Late Lonl 'I'ennyion, The 120
Mary Fytton 150
Method* of .Mr. Moaher, The 151
Mountain, Stream, and Covert 345
Mra. Browning und Mias Mitford 150
New Tammany, The 314
Novel, The „ 8ft
Peri«hable Booka 281
PayeboloKical .Chestnut, A 314
Qun^atio de Amia et Terra 816, 280, 344
Quarlrrlu i>n Poela, !!>• 215
Rudyard Kipling 120, 183, 848
Stuart PortralU 281
Swiaa Relief Stationa 188
'ITioughta on Style 184
POREION LBTTBR8-
Prance 86. IBS, 182, 279, 313
(lermany 121. 879
Italy.... 847
Ruaiia 87. 158
21
326
50
270
.141
139
293
340
118
HEADED ARTICLES
All>h..lia.- Daiidet
Ira. (\ R
H
< Freda
Will
Win
w.;
Wi.
W.. (i. A
W. H
Wor.lol.i. W. B.i,il
BIBLIOORAPHIBS-
Nigerta
North-Weat Frontier, The
Preaent Auatrian ('riaia, Tb«
â– orge C 140
" "" „ 340
20.'.
I4:<
142
238
262
94
62
287
Trafalgar, The Battle of 29
I
.'»06
Aalil.uniham Sale, 'llie 277
Booka ot 18:i7 337
Comitry Claaaiea 342
Daodet eluz lui 307
Eiphlieth Annirenary of Theodor
H.' lK^..'."'.",V."V.".'.'.V.'.'.". ..... 246
Lil n, The 59
Moiiuni.ut^ of Karly Printeni 188
Sir Philip Franeia'a l^etlera 118
'ITlc " Waspa " «t Caniliridgo 184
LEADINO ARTICLES-
Age of s , 1-ho IM
Author » 1
Biogiai-l ji.ir Writer* 280
BookavUing gueetiou, The 7»
INDEX.
355
Lradino Abtici.kh— (oontinueil)
{'liri«tm»« HiiokH
DiiniiiiHtioii iif tlir Novel, The
l-*n«i
rAUl;
2MU
6!V
trr
Kiik1>«>> Aiiiilimiy, An IJj
HiiTiilay 'I'n-'k fur PaiwriU, A
Llt<T»ry Ycur, 'l'h<' ■••v'
Uuiirterlii on J'ofln, Tb« ..
Tra^if Suct**'Hi«, A
as:
sai 1
121t
a3
LETTERS FROM A PORTFOLIO-
Ramuntl Hurke
ThoniM ("»rlyl«
Aleiaii'lrf DuinM l*»
Tlininii-^ H"."l I''"
|.<iiil Ji')Tr<-y
VV. C. MaritBily
U8T OP NEW BOOK«-
30-32, «.H-C4, ur., l)fi, 127, 128, IfiH-lBO, 191,
1U2, 223,224. 2r..-.. -'.'iB, 2«7, 288, S52
149
140
Hit
Aktimtic (lirr BonKjt— (continurj)
f<b«nliMH't C«l«ii<Ur
BtiiAio
V»nily K«lr
Wt-nwl CalnHUr
Work uf (;iurlM KaeM, Th*
BIOGRAPHY-
Alfn-il. I,"r.l T»nn]r»OB <-
An-.:. I ,,1 i.'„..i,.- ,
A- r»n
Ai. ■■!• Onjroo ...
It. '
Ki.
Hn - llrrt Dl»r3r
H<«>-l'oia <.f thf UfarotlM -IJ-I
Jpwiah PnrtntiU 47
J,,' • M
.1. ,on 5S«i
J. M r„!hY Wordfwofth 140
r.
YOPMO ( uu a H — rf)
a7i5
3. i*
4-J
70
294
I u
I'r
I't.
. Ill
sio
SI*
so*
310
11*
•.'71
NOTES-
28-2!>, R9-0-.' -.-u-.X, 123-126, 163-in8, :
187-100, 217-222, 248-2r.5, 281-286, !
345-3r.2
OBITUARIES
Alcork, Sir Kiitherford 120
Ilrown, Kev. T. K »0
Byrnr, Very Uev. J »l|
CaMfrwood, l*ri>fei«or 186
CHvalriwelle. (tisvanni Ratitt* 121
Cirnvreiir, Madame Auguate 68
nana, Charles A ft8
l)au.let, Ali.lioiwe 306, 307, 312, 316
l)ri»ler. Prof. Henry 279
George, Henry 89
Legge, Profemior 216
LUmlaff. Dean of 2S
Palgrave. Prancin Turner 68
Pasriial lie (JayaiigoH 2r>
Kegnaiilt, .lnri|uen Arnable 68
Kenouf , Sir Peter le Page 26
Konaiter, William 68
Shoppe, C. J 187
Stoiighton. Dr 89
" Taxma " 68
Teck, IhiduM of 89
Von Kiehl. W. H 186
Von Wegele, Dr. FraDZ Xaver 68
Walfor.l, E 187
POEMS-
Blin.l Ri.lcra, The 208
Dirge of the Munatrr Forest 176
EluKJoo 144
Haven Mother 272
Maiglxleann Mliara, The 240
KeceMaiininl 176
Theseu.i anil Minoi 304
White HwseH 16
UNIVERSITY LETTERS-
Caniliriilgc 213
Oxford 66, 246
REVIEWS.
ART
Art of Painting in the Querns Ueign 276 ]
Chipiiendale I'orioil ni Kn^lish Furniture 137
Chriitt and His Mother in Italiau Art 2S9
CoDDoiRseur, I'hc 106 I
Decorative HeraUW 240
(ilasgow School of Painting, The 333!
Historioal PortraitH 139
Hiatory of Kei.aissancu Architecture in
England, A 101
J. F. Millet and Kuatio Art 383
Life and Work of W. Q. Orchardnon 27«
Ornamental Design for Woven Fabrics ... 171
Portrait Miniatures 140
U-tl.i. u: I),. ' Kn^aetli 264
I^'tters of Kl rett Browninf ... 98
I/Heritage d. 266
Life and Letters of Mr. 1 I'ortcr 76
Life and Tiine« of C'anlh . .u 297
Life of I iverie I'uiey 66
Life of >n 298
Life of 1. ., ,n 170
Marie Antoinette Dauphin* 236
Mary Queen ..f Scots 164
Memoir of Ai; '" t^h, A 325
Memoir of W 299
PriTato Pap. T Iberforce ... 6
Queen Victoria ISO
KecoUections of Aubrey ile Ver* M^
Russian BiokTaphical Dietiooary 9
Bir Walter Kalegh 138
Rolomon (Vsar Malan 234
tt liays
, a •• CfciM's
p..
T.
T. â– â– â– â– â– '.^
T d -
Tr. -I „
Tr. \
T" -e
(-. ' to Fairvlaad
Ti.
W
Wr' â– â– -HT ci: rii:..|>|>;. i n.-
BOOKS OP REPERBNCB
B. Year- Book aa4
UafdM
Thomas and Matthew Arnold
William lilackwond and his .Son* ,
William Murris
42
10
36
11
«■!
!•
1)
lis
fit
W;
U.
ary
.111
343
343
34t
342
341
nophon
EDUCATION '
Ar. on with l.atm Verses
â– be
I;.
^â– ltlo^lm'
1
FICTION
Ml ..
I he..
Another'a Burden .
A- - â– â– '"'- "
A-
1'.,..
p.. .bclg
V rs, The
11..,..
Beth Book, The
Bladvs iif the StewpOMJ
. Arcs
>ir°s Breadth
Tboums (iain.sliorough
Vnsari's Lives of the Painters
Work of t'harles Keene, The ..
:'40
334
276
ARTISTIC GIFT BOOKS-
.\lnianac of Twelve Sports 277
An AlphalH-t 277
Art .lournal 277
Art of 1S«17 277
Art of Painting in the Queen's Reitrn 276
Blackberries. The 277
Olaasical Sculpture Gallery 277
Coon Calendar 277
Legend of Canielot, .\ 276
Lite and Work of W. Q. Orchardson 276
London a.s seen by Charles Dana Gibson 277
People of Dickens 277
Pictures of Clas.sic Greek Landscape 277
Kcmington Calendar 277
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNO-
Ace o' Hearts
Adventures in Tovland 118
Adventures of a Siberian Cab 300
All the Way to Fairyland 809
Black Arrow. Tbe 341
Black Disk, The 27B
Book of Verses for Children 204
Bnshy 341
Butterfly Ballads 809
By Sartal Snnds 244
Children's Study 276
Chronicles ot Christopher Bate* 841
Clash of .\rms »74
Clovis Dnrdintor 243
Concerning Tiddr 244
Days of Jeanne D'Atc 276 ,
Echo-Msiil and other Stories 309 Amr Vivian's Rinff
Eerie Book, Tbe 341 •— "^--•- "-J—
Eiiled from School 310
First Book of •• Krab," The 245
Flamp. The 212
Flight for Freedom, A 244
For the Flag 243
Frank and Saxon 276
Fur -lunge Ilrrren 245
(Jardeu of Delu-ht. The 309
Gentleman of Knuland, A 24 i
(Sentlenianly (liaiit. The 31
Gladys in (irnuunarland 3f
Gold' Ship, The 27
Golden Galleon, The 24
Half-aDoien Uovs 31u
Half-a-l)o/.n (iirls 310
Hans Anilersen's Stories 118
Icelandic Fairv Tales 118
Ideals for Girls 376
In the Days of Good Qaeen BMi 244
In the Days of the Pioneers 244
Joana 244
Just Forty Winks 118
Job Heldre.1 341
Joy of my Youth. Tbe 341 |
King Ola'f's Kinsman 118
King's Stor>- Book, The 341
Ud of Mettle, A 246 |
Lever's Novels 274 i
Lullaby-lan.l 309]
Making of Matthias, Tbe 310
Master of Ballantrae 341 |
M '^.rk 2751
>' vo made the Empire 244 |
,M - una 276
Mis... Mouse and her Boyi..... 243
Moilern Puck. A 309
Mona St. CUiro 246 ;
Naval Cadet, The 244 ,
Netherdyke 212
Nursery Rhyme Book 309
CLASSICAL
Her I ••■• 142
PI 271
p,. ilea 260
Reivil.h. '.t na'.> „ 270
Sophocles 570
Works of .Xrnophon 'J71
14
Aims and Practice of
2S7
< of a Foster PWaat ... 239
-chools 171
?IS
..-...._„.„. 118
81
,..„ IM
.._ 117
„.... 149
211
— . 340
UT
146
117
84
„ x:t
....„ 308
:rageoas HI
na and Mother's Hands 178
1 i.ui.ie iMvai of '96 U
Corleone 178
Creel of Irish Stories, A 84
Crime and the Criminal, The 28
Dariel 27S
David Dimsdala, M.P SU
DerelicU „ M
Dorrington Deed Box. Tlie M
Kl Carmen .. 3M
Fall of th<- Sparrow .. 86
F"
1
1
Fi
C'
C
li
li
1
li
In
Ii
1 Son .
... A
itrr's Sake
ll.r.rr HeMdilh..
.1 A.
St
943
147
lis
US
M
Train Robbeir 14t
:. 11
and Ends .„ MS
â– . 20
.nrnt Way 211
-..We . 212
Man, The 60
Jas> II 1^. wards 119
Jeroair !•
King with Two Paece, Tbe 11*
Lady Rosalind ^
356
INDEX.
fii-TlO)!— {coatianad)
lAmniT*. Tbr
LorliiBrar
LoriU of
Mm
M*> i !>•
Mwn-,^ I'T
H&rrh oil I>>iHtoi>. A
MAnrlla • M»fii>ir<'
â– artian. Tlw
oltteTltiKl
riM
ISO
M
M
LAW
Annual Praetim, 1898. Tb»
Olabralrd Tri«U
Kitcjrlo|xr<lia of tbr I^wi of EnKlaod
UoodFTc'it MiMli-rn Law of KckI property
(irMn«o(Hl on ( 'unvryaoriiif
H«titrr"« Koni»n l^ftw
" : tilution
At
Uotmt..
Kioto
HalM of k Mu
CMd Storic*
Obf of U>» Brokaa Brifaal* .
fteol Utnrt
PnfU of Cloptoo
fsc:^
r't Danmuo, Tka.....
Butt Vrrdict. A
Kip's KodaaptioB. Tko ....>..
8i. Itm
fo
BlMiU llacLcoJ.
8ta» Paitloa*. Tbr .
amft of Marioy ....
fiknrr, Tb«
8o* of Um C'lar
I lUid, A ....
•U of OSet. A ..
M.P.
81
Bmtmo umI PUt Storiw
TcBpto of FoUt. Tba
Tkno Coaaoly HJudcni mini their Alfsin. .
nmo nugnem, Tho
'i l<ttir« Windom
Too ••■(••■...•
-rr-inj
Torrt—
T»: • !r, A
T»ili»L; IU,1, Th.- ..
Two <'«pt«io>. The ..
:e. llie
r« at Coraniw..
OEOORAPHY AND TRAVEL
An., r.' » »ii ; :•.■■Americana
An Ann' - l^t'.fi- from Japan
Aaiati 1 .fi..-.
( h r.r».- t ' \' r'^' - ' ICl
I^al. n I'..
> fieUa .
' > rii Afrioo
» eii .-•
, I
â– 'â– . Afriaa
xnd froMnt .
aii.i Woat Coaat .
H I STORY -
l*«teiopip«nt of Um) Engliab Coiutitutiaa
Ba«luli Black M<>ak« ul Kt. Beacdiet. Tba
fraaaa ander Lnuts XV
. tiivmtlth and Pro-
l*r»/>r»l« . ...
Bi*lM7 of tba '
LHarary Hialor^ ula-
tion „ „,„^
Lord* of Lara, Tba».«....>,„ „.,.
lUkiac of AUtotaford
Mafic Aatoiaatta Daaptiiaa
Now Lrtter* of Napolooa i
Qoaaa Vi«tona „ _
Sir Wa)l«r RaJogb
Saallcr Hiatoriaa of OroMo Md
B oaial 8«itaarland
Story of oor Kaclub Towaa
4'i
179
.'>4 I
2r.'
146
178
33
147,
82
I'lQ
r.3
53
148
53;
116
18 i
243
149 1
as I
147 i
117 i
340 i
lie'
179 I
22;
179 1
213
S4
14S
148
212:
51 I
178
211
340
33
116
274
117
179
22:
19
147
148
117
47
2'i:(
â– -'I'M
261 '
l.'<4
3»0
1.(9
300
237
15
205
I
172
73
102
230
71
104 '
142
75
139 ,
88 {
>«3
i;i4
i.i
229
23<
290
1S0>
138
203
107
108
271
M :>>«. i^uarriva, ami Miiiaralt. IjiW of...
.M. rt.; .Kii, l'lr<li{e«, I{y]M)tbci'*tioDK
.Motor «.'ar». Ij»« of
N'otei on lVni<iiii; Title!
I'ritiniit. - if I'leaiiing
Ke '••>
K' ^ 'tiona
Art, The
i i.< ading Caaaa in tba Crim-
lliai l.itw
Torta. The Ijiw of
White .^ 'Hiilor's Leading Casea in Equity
LITERATURE-
.\gi? of Tennyiion
Authori-s.s of the Odvanev
BililiograpbT of the \V>irLs of Wm. Morri*
Critirisin^, IteHiclionii, Maxinu, of Uoetba
I)iar^ of .MastiT William Silence
Kasai de Si'nmntiqiie
Hanmet 8hakc«|>eare
Hawtbonie'« Huuiie of the Seven Gablt-a...
Hi*' ' 'riich Literature
Hi T.ard the Kox
J..- run
La^t 6lUiiio*
Lett<'r«, kc, of Walter lavage Landor ...
LiteraryHintorTof the American Kevolotion
Literary I'ampbleta
i,ordn of l.-im
Mai ' I iHier, Le
M. .|'hy
Nei.' „!■«ur 'llieorie and Teehnik
dcr Kpik un<i Draniatik
Oxford English Dictiooary
Principles of Criticism, Tiio
Question ot the Water and of the l.«nd, A
SbakcniM^arc , I'uritan and Hecugant
Short Hiitory of French Literature
Short Hittory of Modtru English Litera-
ture
8t«n'lhal (lEuvres Posthumes) Napoleon I.
The Spe<'tator
Voyageuscs, Les
Water of this Wondroos Isles, Ttia
Wordsworth, .\ Primer of
MATHEMATICS
Applied MhthenialicM
Elenirntary Course ot InflnitesimaJ
(^al4-uliis, .\n
W..rki i.f An-himedes, The
MEDICINB-
J4>bii Hunt4*r
Medical Hints for Hot Climates
Origin of Disea-u-, The
l'ra<-titii>ni'r's Handbook of Treatment ...
MISCELLANEOUS -
Itaddesley Clinton
Cambridge I>iwril>«d and Illustrated
Celebrate)! Trials
Chronicles of the Bank of England
Free Library, 'I'lie
Home and flaunts of Sir Walter Scott ...
How to Make a Drew
Library Construction
Lumen
yagic
Marriage Custouis in Many Landa
Oocaaional AdilreNS, Tlie
Obi Harrow Days
Printers of Bsalv in the XV. aad XVI.
Centuri<-«
Koinanre of the Irish SUge, The
SicutColumbae
Htorii-s of Famous Bonga
MUSIC
Eiiir of Sounds, The
Musical Memories
Verdi, Man snd Musician
NAVAL AND MILITARY
llattle Fields of Thcssaly, 'ITie
Coldstream Uuards in the Crimaa, Tbe ...
(7uba in War Time
Int. • • .erirs in Sea Power, Ihm...
I.a i'M;aia4*
Ul -i.e Black Sea
Not4M uu Naval Progress .....m~>..,
PAOI
. 303
. 135
143
111
143
79
307
207
111
79
207
64
SOS
111
HI
24
24
111
303
24
303
142
198
237
204
S'.t
197
233
141
7
233
236
167
293
191
336
43
75
202
46
201
262
141
'C7
237
165
266
233
292
72
78
20G
20C
206
54
111
110
110
142
214
135
199
200
229
142
200
106
297
297
203
327
167
76
338
105
143
143
142
2:1
109
109
300
5.
174
178
Naval and Militakv— (nmtinued)
Rirbanl BainI Smith
Reflections on the Art of War
Roral NavT I ist
I'l:' -â– 'â– â– â– :â– . t ".â– â– â–
W ,k
^\ 'â– '.'uartors in 1870
PHILOSOPHICAL -
Kvolutioii of the Ides of (imi
History of Intellectual Development
Outlines of a I'hilosouhy of Itelieiou
pii ' !!!!!!!!!![!;;!
V' ,: , , ,iey, The
POETRY-
Adniirnla AU
Balbi.ls of the Fle<'t
Book of Verse* fur Children
Collect^J I'oenis of Austin DobaoD
Coming of Lore, The
Earth Breath, The
English Lyrics
Fairv Changeling and other I'oems
Pidelis and other Poems
Flower of the Mind, 'Iliu
Gediehte
(jolden Tn-asury of Songs and Lyries
I History of Heynard tba Fox
Ho|)«! of the World
I Lays of the Bed Branch
I Lyrics of John B. Tabb
Minuscula
Nineteenth (Jentury Poetry
Poems by George Cookson
Poems by Matthias Barr
I'ovms of L. I'upper
I'oems of l.ove and Pride of England
Poems of Wonlsworth
Poetry of Kobert Bums
Realms of Unknown Kings
Royal Shepherdess, kc, 'Vhe ^,,,
Rubaiyat of Ulnar Khayyam
Seleited I'oems by (ieorge Meredith
Songs in Many Moods
Tale of BiKTsccio. A
Wiiiiclennc .\lbatrosa, The
SCIENTIFIC
Darwin snd alter Darwin
Electric Light
Electric Power in Workshops
First Principles of Electricity and Mag-
netism
Lumen
New I'sycbology, 'Ibe
Principles of Alternate Current Working...
Psyrhi>logy of the Emotions
Keceiit an'l Coining Kclipsea
Studies in Psychical Research
SPORT
Boxing
Mountain, Stream, and Covert
Nature anil Sport in South .Africa
Nights with an Old tiunner
Queen's Hounds and Stag Hunting Recol-
lections
Racing and Chasing
Sporting and .Athletic Records
THEOLOGICAL-
.AdtlrcNses and !*i'nnons „
Anglican Communion, Tba
AS|>e<-ts of Life
Bamptun Lectures, 1897
Beginnings of the English Churcb and
Kingdom
Book of Ciimmoii Prsver, The
Church in England, 'ilio
Chureb nf Englaml In-fore the Reformation
Egypt Kxploraiion Fuml, IWC-IKUT
Elements of the .Science of Religion
Everlasting (iospel. The
Rver.ley BiMe, The
ExiMisiiors of tbe(;re<-k Taatameot, The...
Faith of Centuries, Tlie
Guide to Biblit«l Study, A
History of Christianity in tbe Apostolie
ABC
History of Dogma
John Donne
Life of Our Saviour
(lullinci of a Philosophy of Religion
Pniiier of 111,- Bil.le, A
Provi.i.ntial Order of the World
S, Frani-is of Assisi
BemioiiB Preai-bed in Eton College Chapel
.' ation, A
Two Lectures uu the " Sayings of Jesus '
100
33
301
33
302
301
326
44
12
76
231
â– 296
334
324
204
196
163
16
268
296
268
266
836
266
233
2»8
140
lA
15
205
268
268
235
328
233
68
268
268
169
69
2C8
268
268
103
175
175
175
106
171
175
171
13
S2S
202
'.'32
139
296
335
335
265
208
205
270
100
76
106
831
76
S.IO
296
237
234
173
260
204
370
108
839
178
IS
204
173
136
205
141
234
108
330
Edited by
Published by
iThc iTimfS.
No. 1.— Vol. I.
SATUUDAY, OCTOBKH L'3, 18y7.
SI
Itiuii«ii:r.i
CONTENTS.
PAoa
Leading Article— Author and Critic 1
Poem " Wliiti' IIoi-si's," by }{u<lyiiril Kipling 10
" Among my Books," '>>• Anu'ust inc Hiiifll 17
Reviews -
Tennyson's Life H
Tln> WillH-rfoife Piipers 6
Hisitoi'y of French Literature 7
liusMiiin liio^niphy
W. Blttckwo<xl and his Sons 10
Pliilosopliy of Ilt^li^ion 12
Recent anil ('online Eclipses 13
Latin Verses 14
Siain on the Meinam 15
Minor Poets 1">
Fiction—
St. Ives , y.^*j........ 18
Wliat Maisie Knew ,.,... .7 IB
Jeitinio 10
In Keiiar's Tents 20
HuKh Wynne 21
Maricttji'n llarrl.iKO. .\ Week of PaKxion, Stnplctoirs Luck. Tlio
Son of tlie I'rjir. The DorriiiKton Deed Hox. The t'riiiio iiml
the Criiiiitml, Slioilii MoLcod, Tlio Twilight Kccf, Notes of n
Jl lisle Lover 22 & 23
Military -Under Iho Hod Crescent— Bat tlcflclds of Thotwalj —
Art of Wiir 23
Legral -ItiiUnK Canon- Law of Torts— Rogers on ElcotionK 2t
Obituary - Dean of LlandafT — Pascual do GayAngos—
Sir Peter Le Page Kt'noiif 25 & 28
Notes -Il, 27, 21. & 20
Bibliography -TrnfalKftr 20
List of New Books 30, 31. & 32
AUTHOR AND CRITIC.
It must be almost imjx)ssible even for the most
imaginative of literary men to realize a world in which
authors had the whole field to themselves, and there was
no such thing as an organized system of criticism, to say
nothing of a recognized guild of critics. Yet such a
world there once wa.s, and, indeed, the day of its existence
was not so very far removed from our own. The critic,
not officially so styled, we have, of course, had with us for
a couple of centuries ; but he was himself usually a great
man of letters, — a Dryhex, for instance, or a JoiixsoN —
and though a " mighty hunter before the Lord," when he
took to pursuing other authors, he condescended only to
the larger sfjecies of game. Save for one brief but
agitated interval in the middle of the eighteenth century,
when the lairs of Grub-street were suddenly beaten up by
1 „ _ 11 armed lift . , r
occu]>antji, down to the very smallest among them, chased
in all ' -, the jK'ople of t' ;„ j,pac«
and c .'lit, pinciieil it , rty, but
unvexf'd by critical detraction. The great Unappreciated
of the present iK'riod mu.st 1 ' " " , one might imagine,
Ujwn that eni — or they - m so if the supponed
eternal enmity between author and critic were a fact,
instead of, largely, an > ' " " ,
Age of letters. For tii'
they complain that there are so many, " to come between
them and their public " ; and that ; ' "
reach that an obscure author of t; i
had only to find an influential patron in order to be at
once relieved of all apprelien.sion of ' ' ' ' f
doors. If such a patron were not
had, it is true, to be run ; but even then the literaij
aspirant who could find no noble; ' ' '' '' i
could still adilress the reader in
he was the " gentle reader," the " candid reader " — gentle
because his heart was ri ' ' '. ' '■" »
his judgment wa-s still 1.
honesty of the professional critic. And so the (iolden
Age ran its course and ija^ised away.
Saturn succuiuIkiI to .lupitcr we may supjjose in
1802. The commencement of the Silver Age is marked
by the establishment of the Kdiuhnrgh Hfvitnc. < »' *
then for the first time ceased to be a protection. ' ^
began to organize itself, and a little band of renewers
arose who, not content with discussing the merit* of such
writers as had already gained the ear of the public,
affected, as they still affect, to sit in judgment on the
claims of those who were as yet only n.--- ■-'•• • *n win it.
They showed, in fact, from the very ouJ ir nji^m-
tions that they had no idea of confining their n'
to well-known authors like Mr. SoCTii'^ "' " ' â– .. '
is roughly but not, perhajw, unri. 1 in
No. 1 of the Edinbttrgh, or like the famous divine and
scholar whose pulpit eloquence is the subject of a still
quoteil " appreciation " beginning. " Whoever has had the
good fortune to see I>it. I*.\ " ; for a luckless and
now long-forgotten Mr. Pka ..;aor of" Bread ; or the
Poor — a Poem," is called up for correction, and two other
unhappy Doctors of Dinnity, of less note than Parr, are
chastised for their presumption in publishing their
sermons. These last three are evidently only aspirants to
acceptance ; so here we have the critic " conii-
them and their public to warn off their pi>
2
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
and. ' ' '" " " - J " r- rnives, th»ir not im-
po(i- . we 8e* clfarly, lina
b«^n. Like its mythical prototyjie, though worse than
the Ool ! * "' ' tter than the Bra-ss, for the critic
only wt : 1 once a quarter, or a little later
oaoe a month, whereas when the Brazen Age — for authors
— waa ushered in by the a|>|>earance in 1817 of the
LiUmiy GawdU, the critic began to go alx)ut his sinister
basiness every week. As to the Iron Age, its commence-
• '- ast an affair of yesterday. It began when the
ijM'rs, instead of bestowing merely a casual and
intermittent notice u|)on literature, took to ojK'ning their
columns lilierally to the reviewer at short intervals and
regularly-recurring dates. FVom the combined effect of
their sejiarate action it has resulted that when one of these
Mimals is not reviewing another is ; so that the
now to be seen at work somewhere or other every
morning of our lives, and no author can be sure of not
awakening any day to find that intrusive shadow falling
" b«>twt"on him and his public." The daily critic !
Do but consider what it means. The gentleness of the
gentle reader turned into severity, the candour of the
candid sophisticated, at least, once in every twenty-four
hour*. This should be the worst and darkest of all our
lit, — , for the injured author. It should be verily
an. i t he age of the dejiarture of Astraea — the age
when Justice, despairing at last of preserving that scanty
remnant of impartiality which the critic has left in the
mind of tlie pul)lic, has finally taken leave of the earth.
Or that, at any rate, is what ought to be the author's
gloomy \new of the situation ; and that is what it would
be if there were any truth left in the legend of his
hostility to the *' irresjwnsible, indolent reviewer." As
a matter of fact, his actual attitude towards this immense
development of the critical industry has been suqirisingly
different. S) far from his having been driven in disgust
from the field by the vastly-increased number and
activity of his " natural enemies," he has redoubled, or
rather quadrupled and quintuj)led, his own energies of
production. One would think that he welcomed criticism
instead of repelling it ; that it stimulated instead of
di- ^ his literary ambitions ; and that his dread of
injii-: I- ..rt*l been completely conquered by his desire for
notice. It luw apjuirently l)een borne in upon even tlie
Great ' iated that obscure merit, after all, fares
better u,.,. ;.. many critics than with too few or none,
and may congratulate itself that its lot has been cast in a
time when, instead of sinking helplessly in the icy waters
of neglect, it is much more often found floating, p<-r-
hap« even too buoyantly, on a " boom." But there
is, perhapn, another reason why the ever-increasing
crowd of authors, esjiecially among the ranks of the
unknown, liave l)egun to look upon criticism with
other and more friendly eyes. They are getting dis-
mayed by their own numbers, and, what is more, they
have begun to {lerceive that this feeling of dismay is
becoming general. They are uneasily conscious that,
even if the reader still retained all the gentleness and
candour which they were wont to ascribe to him, he would
be unable to exercise those qualities through sheer mental
confusion ; and they no longer, therefore, attach a sui)er-
stitious value to the privilege of connng unintriKluced into
the presence of a public which is merely bewildered by
their multitude. On the contrary, they have begun to
feel the need of an interniediar}- between themselves and
the reading world. l/ooking round ui>on their crowded
and ever-swelling ranks, and " conscious, as they are " —
in the words of the famous judicial epigram — " of each
other's imperfections," they welcome and, indeed, crave
for the services of the discriminating dust-sifter who will
be quick to discern the fla-sh of merit amid the rubbish-
heap of incomjjetence.
The situation is not without its embarrassment for
the critic ; but in one resj)ect, at any rate, it simplifies
his course of action. He is not calKni ujwn to excuse
himself for increasing the scojie of activities which seem
to be so much in demand. No ajwlogy, for instance, can
1)6 needed for adding another to the list of journals which
devote themselves, exclusively or princiiwlly, to the art
and industry of literary criticism. Vastly as that industry
has develo{)od of late years, its progress has been not
equalled merely, but outstrii)i)ed, within the same period
by the growth of literary production. Where the analytic
impulse abounded, the creative ntsus ap})arently doth
much more abound. There is apparently no reason to
ho})e, or fear, that the former will overtake the latter, or
that there can ever be a time in store for us when critics
will be found increasing and multiplying with as much
rapidity — even relative rajjidity — as authors. Nor, even
in that case, would it be i>os.sible by any conceivable ex-
pansion in the literary department of the jieriodical Press
to overtake and keep abreast of the stream of production.
Already, however, the thought may have occurred to the
reader of these lines that, even if this were jwssible, it
would scarcely be desirable. To render an account, how-
ever short, of every book published nowadays is a task
only to be attempted on the quite untenable assumption
that every such book deserves to be so treated. In offer-
ing to the public a new weekly journal dealing exclusively
with the subject indicated by its title, we are animati^ by
no chimericjxl hope of accomplishing the inijmssible.
Literature, on the contrary, owes its existence in some
measure to the conviction that, in the effort to satisfy
every one of the innumerable applicants, deserving and
undeserving, for its notice, contemjiorary criticism is
running a real danger of neglecting its discriminative
functions, and of forgetting that the special recognition
which it owes to writers of genuine literary merit is neces-
sarily depreciated in value by association with a too
liberal comjjlaisance of attention to all writers whatsoever.
While endeavouring, therefore, in these columns, to pro-
vide the public with an adequate account and appraise-
ment of whatever works may deserve any critical notice at
all, we shall at the same time make it our constant aim
to assign that iwsition of importance to the higher class
of literary productions which nowadays, amid the multi-
plicity of claimants to the attention of . rid-iKm, they too
often fail to obtain.
October 23, 1897.]
LITERATURE.
IRcvicws.
Alft^d Lord Tennyson : A Moninir. By his Son.
Oi+Oiiti. 5101-551 PI*. r^)iul<>n, isir7. Maomlllan. 80;- n.
(KIltST NOTICE.)
A biography of a great ixM^t from the hand of one who
stoml to him in tlie three-fold relation of nou, Sfcretary,
and constant literary confidant munt needs !>«> full <»f
interest for the world ; and I^ord Tennysou'i* '
Kharc in this memoir of his illuMtrious father
naturally enough in matter of the highest value. But the
additions, copious in amount and various in kind, with
which he has been able to enrich it indefinitely increaiie
its worth. It may be doubte<l, indetnl, wiiether any work
of this description bus ever before so munificently enlargt^il
the stock of public knowledge concerning the inner and
spiritual life of a profoundly thoughtful philosopher-i>oet,
the opinions and judgments of a life-long student of Eng-
lish poetry, and the artistic development and methotls of
the most excpiisite of poetic artists. The book contains
letters of the highest interest from and to the late
Laureate, an abunihmce of his own literary memoranda,
a faithful record of his conversations, ranging over
a wide field of subjects, a collection of critical pronounce-
ments, always weighty and illuminating, on the literature
of the past, and, most precious of all, a singularly large
array of hitherto unpulilished jiieces from the hand of the
poet liimself. It is only by the biographer's resolute self-
efi'acemeut that room has been found even within the
thousand i)ages of these two substantial volumes for the
mass of illustrative matter with which they present us.
" According to my father's wisli," writes Ix)rd Tennyson,
in the iiuxlest and judicious preface with which he intro-
duces the work, " tluoughout the memoir my hand will be
as seldom seen as may be " ; and he goes on to i)li>ad this
excuse, unneeded, it apjiears to us, for its " occasionally
fragmentary chanvcter." It will surprise none who can recall
certjiin famous and trenchant utterances of the poet that he
" disliked the notion of a long formal biograi)liy." " He
wished, however," adds his son, " that if I deemed it better
the incidents of his life shoukl be given as shortly as might
be without comment, but tliat my notes shoidd lie final
and full enough to j)reclude the chance of further and
unauthentic biographies." His wish has assuredly been
fulfilled in this work. It is not always that what may be
called the •' official biograjjliy " of an eminent person is, or
indeed deserves to li(>, the final one; but her' 'rn to
finality is quite indisputable. What the \>: ^ ^ r has
given us about the poet's " birth, home, school, college,
friendshijjs, travels, and the leading events of his life"
supplies an ample account if not, to use his own words,
of all that " people naturally wish to know," yet certainly
of all that ]»eoj lie have any sort of right to leani. Those
who wish to know more will belong essentially to that
class of persons u|)on whom the Laureate half humorously,
half seriously imprecated the '* curse of Shaksix-are."
To readers of this order — an order unfortunately which
various causes have for a good many years \n\st contributed
to increiuse — the new biograpiiy will be a wholesome dis-
appointment. One cannot honestly say that the story of
Tennyson's life, domestic and literary, fidl though it is of
human interest, would as here told supply much " copy "
for a " mainly-alwut-people " column. The biographer
has adhereil so resolutely to his own sound principles that,
writing as he does on a ma7i who had alre.idy been the
subject during his lifetime of "sketches," "studies,"
inonocrnphii,** »nd " •piwtHriationn " without number, h«
hii ' ' i-klitionn * *' "'
whicli (Mil)
cnrrieil t<> ^
enten-*! u|>on bin tank, JSuch adilitioni) to j- .w-
Iwlge as he hoji made are to Ix* found, be
exjtected. in tl»e earlier chapters. We catch for
tl M»e, for i' ' ' ' •
u r '>'d and • >
land<-«l projH'rty away from liin elder t"
and who deserves iniMiorf.iIit V ifmilv for
infelicity of the ji;
in handing to the MMitnim .mih-u im- n<iii'iiiiiiiiiii i"i i»
po«'?n which the Iwl htul coin|»im«l " by desire " on bin
gi I fere in
til ••d bv I
for it, the lant." Had tlie ui. i man cc
self with the less s|)ecitic p. . >.i tliat tt.v .
never liecome a jK)et, he might even now be
d' ' it in the Klysian Fiil '
v; iii'Xi. But the hard :
behind him the largest fortum* -
exercise of the i)oetic art must be b<
venerable shade to explain away. A
sketched from the Tennysons of ai. ....... . ., .. .,
that of the jwet's rigidly Calvinistic aunt who wept
over the in" ..... . •iio*'t
of her fri> 1 lo^t
of her neigh tM>urs," liad lieen jacki-d out lor eternal ^alva-
tion — a reflection (juite in the manner of Browning's
" Johannes Agricola ;" and who one day remarked
encouragingly to her nephew, " .Vlfr. ' '"' ' ' - ' ' '•
at you I think of the wonls of H'
from me ye or
too, we hear, a
Tennyson's brothers and
that extraordinary family of i
longevity and ;jenius — which has j»r'' di»-
tinct marl ' ' - the Li " ' *
this day n I by fiv.
of ninety and iIm
year. The jioetic i , ,
almost as early in Altml's two elder br<' in him-
self, and, indeed, was in all of them, it w ....... .-, , in, an in-
heritance from their father. In an interesting fragment
of ant ites : —
Ai of mv rocollcctjon, when I wma aboat
eight ye.ir» old, 1 c<>. of a tlato with rhnmaonikn
blank verse in prais.' : my brother I'liorles, who w««
a year older than I was, Thomson then being the only po«t I
knew. Before I could read I was in the habit, on a stomiy day,
of sfireading my arms to the wind and crying out " I hwir a
voice that's sp«aking in the wind," and the words " far, far,
•way " had always a strange charm fur me. About ten or
eleven Pope's " Homer's Iliad " became a favonrite of mine,
and I wrote Itiuulrods and hundreds uf lines in the retnilar
PojH»inn metre — nay, even cmlil ini
eldoi- brothers, for my father was u ...
metro very skilfully.
.\gain he writes : —
At about twelve and onward I wrote an epic of aix thooand
linos d la Sir Walter Scott— full of battles, dealing too with sea
and mountain scenery — witii Se«>tt'8 rccularity of octoayllablea
and his o<v : ..rietios. T" he performance was »ery
likely won: . T n«v«r ! : more truly inspired. I
wrote as much ' time, and us*d to go
shouting them .k i.trk. Somewhat later (at
fourteen) I wrote a drama in biank TW«e, which I t»rm
1—2
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
ikill, and othar Uunga. It mmi to m* I wrot« them all in
perfoet in«tn.
Sjircimenfi of Itis father'^ earliest- poetic effort* are
'.son at th«' end r fn>m
„ ,iot« are tjikt-n, m la is a
scene i , doubtle«« to the blank verse drama
- ' — ; t.>. , «i the matter there is not much more to be
ti what always has to be said of a clever boy's first
udVriug to the dramatic muse.
Ha : by St. JamM,
MiiM was no rtilfnir mind in infancy.
We all know the kind of thing. But the form
and technique of the piece will rcjiay a mucli closer exami-
nation. For not only is the metro " perfect" in the
tense of obser\inj» strict accuracy of scansion, but it is
singnUrly free from the monotonous prosody which
onMllv marks the hlnnk verse of the schoolboy. It
is t • ••n him the
exi 'y/' b"t to
" brt«k your lii mnally tor the sake of variety."
Tliere is mu«... ;.....<. however, in these juvenile
attem|>t.s than a mere occasional breaking of the line ;
th> .rns of an almost mature conception of the
ini of a richly varic*! cii'sura. .Another of these
piews, •• The Conch of Death," is also ri'iiiarkable. though
on a different ground ; for, though crude and formless
enough, it does undoubtedly comjiel some revision of the
verdict con- ' nnd, on the whole, not unju.stly pro-
nounotl u] son's first published i»oetic utterances.
But more of lli»> l.t-reafter.
On the school and college career of Tennyson
there is little more to l)e known tiian ha-s been
gather*-' .iti-.r from already published corresjwndence or
fttim il references to it in the Tennysonian
poems, ill- iiicndships with Sj)edding (of the " Life of
mcon "), with .Monckton Milncs. Brookfield, Charles
Buller, and. of course, Arthur Hallam, have long been
matter of literary hi.story, and to have presened the
tradition of their talk and symiwsia and .aspirations gene-
rally is perhaps the only one among the acta of " the
Apostles " by which that academical Ixxly is at all likely
to have preserved its own memory to future generations.
Fitzgerald, however, although h*- did not lay the founda-
tions of his lif^-long intimacy with Tenny.<on until the
latt'-r l,i,M completed the University course, has left an
in* account of this Cambridge coterie which is
given in ti,' 'r from his unpublished MS. notes : —
The Otr. ^il, with Colfridgo, Julius Hare, Ac, to
•xpoand, came to reform all our r«ition». I romombor that Livy
and Jeremy Taylor were the groati^t poets next to Sliakospearo.
I am not eare if you were not startled at hearing tliat Eutropius
waa the graateet lyric poet except Pindar. You hadn't known
be waa a poet at all. I remember A. T. quoting Hallam (the
great ).••■»•■.■>•-. u pronouncing ShakcKpoaro "the greatest
nan.'' auch (fic<<i rather )>ereniptory fur a philosopher.
*' Well, I1.1K1 A. T., " the man one would perhaps wish to show
aaa aample of mankind to tbooc in another planet. He used somo-
timaa to quote Milton aa the KublimuRt of |)oote, and bis two
â– imilaa, one about the " (jtmjv.wder ore '' and the other
about " the fleet," as thi >f all similes. Ho thought
that " liycidaa " waa a ' I '• of poetic taato." I don't
know how it is, but Dtyden always aeema greater than he abows
-inaelf to be.
Among new particulars of Tennyson's University days
^ _ _ _. I f : : I I ..11.1 t i 1 •
V'' ijiparciitly in
a : .i-r of whidi
J" ii«. hii«l so much more
vi' -r of 18.30 he started off
for the i*y i the company of Arthur Hallam, with
money for the insurgents under the command of Torrijos,
and the two young men disaj^iearing from the ken of their
friends for several weeks held a .secret meeting with the
heads of the conspiracy on the SjMinish frontier. The
well-known cloak and sombrero of the jsjet's later days
would have lent themselves admirably to the purjxise of
such an exjiedition. 1.^'ss hot-headed, however, than
Sterling's cousin, the unfortunate lioyd, they refrained
from any (u-tive participation in the revolt, and instead of
getting himself shot by a file of Spanish soldiers on the
esplanade at Malaga, Tennyson happily returned iioine
with no more compromising document in his jwicket tlian
the unfinished MS. of " (Knone," the beautiful oj)ening
lines of which had been inspinnl by the scenery of the
valley of Cnuterets.
There is much in the earlier clia))ter8 of the memoir
and in the picture of the young jKiet's domestic life over
which one would gladly linger if simce jHTinitted. Hut it is
with the story of his literary and artistic career that in
these columns we are more closely concerned, and to this,
therefore, we cannot much longer delay to pass.
Before doing so, however, a word or two must be
said on those portions of this memoir in which
the twin threads of the biograjihy and of the literary
history are of necessity intertwined. Surveyed in this
asjiect it revenls to us a figure which the countrymen
of Tennyson, though they have no doubt formed a correct
conception of it, have never yet realized in all the nobility
of its true pro)K)rtioiis. (ienerally speaking, of course, they
were aware that his early career was lieset with pecuniary
difiieulties. His circumstances stand recorded in fact in
his reluctant acceptance of that Civil List jjension for
which Carlyle, according to the well-known anecdote, only
succeeded in enlisting the late Lord Houghton's interest
by reminding liim tli.it on the Day of .hidgment it would
not do to lay the blame of the refusal on iiis constituents,
but that it was Kichard Milnes himself who would be
damned. But few ])eople prolmbly, either then or since,
were in a position to estimate the full mejisure of the
Ytoct'fi needs or the duration and .steadiness of the struggle
which he had waged with i)Overty. Tiie death of his father
in 1831 left the widow with straitened means. The eldest
brother was absent from Kngland ; Charles had his clerical
duties to attend to ; and ui^m Alfred devolved the care of
his mother and unmarried sisters. It was under his
RUi)erintendence that the household was transferred
from Somersby Rectory to Higii Beech on the liorders
of Epi)ing Forest, and finally settled after various migra-
tions at Boxley, near Maidstone. Misfortune, assisted
in some measure by imprudence on their own |)art, if
not by dishonesty on that of others, followed their foot-
steps. A certain Dr. Allen jirevailefl u))on Alfred to invest
not only the money for which he ha<l sold a little estate in
Lincolnshire, but also a legacy of i'oOO, in an enterprise
which seems to have been as uniiractical from the com-
mercial point of view as it was artistically unsound. The
calamity, indeed, becomes doubly jiainful to contemplate
when we consider its cause. Tenny.son, if we are not mis-
taken, had yet to make the acfpiaintnnce of Mr. Uuskin,
otherwise it would have given tiie keenest of jmngs to that
eminent doctor in jesthetics to finrl that a )>ersonnl friend
and a po<4, promising even then to attain a place among
the Immortals, hiul wrecked his fortune on a scheme for
car^ing oak jwinels and oak furniture Iry machinery,
" The entire j)roject," writes the present Ix)rd T«'nnyson,
" collapsed ; my father's worldly grKKls were all gone, and
a |)ortion of the projH'rty of his brothers and sisters. Then
followed a season of real hardship and many trials for my
October 23, 1897.]
LITERATURE.
fatlier and mother, nince marrinfjc xtcmiil (nrtlur oH" •
4>Vfr." It wiiM, inilff«l, not till IK.'jO tlmi
jiliici', aftfr nil i'ii;,'ii^'<>in('nt proUiiij^'i-d, ii,i
of tilt' iiifiiiiH to iimrry, ovtTHoino twelve or (ourtwn y»<ani.
The iMvtience with which Tennyson underwent thin \iTn-
traeted delay, and the steady eoun»f;e and jHTHeverance
with wliioh lie liil)<>ured the while to perfect himself in hin
«rt, must im])ress every reader of the siiii|>le iiml mntfer-
<)f-fai't narrative in wiiieh his son has ri
this loiif^ itrohation. His father's lell.
references to " the eternal want of i)ence,'' but they are in
«jvery instance references of a merely casual and uncom-
plaining sort. No murmur of dissatisfaction escai)e8 hira
«t the i>r()loiii,'tHl failure of exceptional and :i. ' i
j)0etical genius to earn even a nxHlest coiniw ;
possessor ; nor does he ever seem to have shown a
moment's wavering of the purpose to which he had dedicated
his life. In short, the career of Tennyson, from his twenty-
first to his forty-first year, when the tide of worldly succpbs
turned at last in his favour, ])resents an example of single-
minded devotion to a lofty ideal which it would not be easy
to matdi in tlie history of literature.
To jmss now from tlie region of biograjdiy to that of
criticism, we find ourselves at once confronted with the
inquiry as to how far the memoir, and still more the
])oetical " documents "now for the first time given to the
world, may be regarded as throwing additional light on the
development of Tennyson's genius and the advance of his
art to that uniipie perfection which by the consent of even
the coldest of his admirers it achieved. A partial answer
to this inquiry may at once be given by saying that the
hitherto unpublished "juvenilia " do to some extent abate
the jK'rplexities of at least one problem long familiar to
the Tennysonian student — that, namely, of the tndy
ama/ing suju'riority of the jioems of 18.30 to those
in the "Two brothers" volume of 1827. The con-
trast exhibited by these two productions, divided from
each other only by this brief interval, has been
always, and with reason, regarded as one of the most mys-
terious of litei-ary phenomena. That contrast, it will be
remembered, was one of matter as well as of form ; and it
is not necessary to assign the various '* numlx^rs " of the
earlier volmne to their res|)ective authors in order to esti-
mate the value of its testimony to Alfred Tennyson's
jwwers, inasmuch as there is nothing to choose between
them. Their inferiority is the inferiority, not of the
merely crude, but of tlie hopelessly commonplace. Some
critics, striving to shut their ears to that whisjH'r of con-
science which tells them that if they had lieen then " in
practice" they could not iiossibly have detected the touch of
the future master in this 'prentice hand, have endeavoured
to persuade themselves that it is nevertheless there, and
have sought to exhibit it. But it has been a futile effort.
There is absolutely nothing, either in the smo<ith conven-
tionality of their thought or in tiieirfeebly imitative style,
to explain the stupefying jiaradox that they were the
forerunners by only thrive years of such a masterpiece of
sombre imagination as "Mariana," and by only five years of
so rich and splendid apiece of romantic imagery as " The
Palace of Art," and above all so matchless a combination
of colour and music as " The l^itos I"j»ters." It must lie
admitted, however, that in the light of the.se newly-pub-
lished pieces the mystery has in one of its two asi^ects
become less mysterious. The greater of the Two Brothers is
shown to have done himself injustice by his choice of the
|x>ems which he selected for i>ublication. If in his eighteenth
year he had nothing in his jiortfolio less crudely executed
than his contributions to the volume of 1827, he had written
i-a«t <>in' ixnTii
â– *m rnmnumpUK^ in pnint
tlie work ol the yun ' iior, at any
have iM'en i)ronounc. ..1 of pronii--- '
conception "The < 'onch of Death " no
tl.. •
ot
in ilti wurkniansiiip anu
expression to jxisitive i „: . .
lurid imagination and a certain vigour of \ ;
tion which could not but have struclc '' ..i anj cum-
petent critic of the work of a jioet in
t of
rof
rip.
Private Papers of WUIlam Wllberforce. (lil.i. .1
and K<lii<-(1. wiili ii Pr.-fm-c, by A. M. Wllberforce. Uiih
Porti-aiU. 8vo., 2i5pp. London, 18U7. FiBher Unwln. 12.-
The ii' -of the T
among tl • s of K
administnition of the younger I'itt
nizetl. Wilberforce had entered tin 1!
almost at the same time as Pitt ; he sat in it during the
whole of Pitt's Parliamentary life ; he was i ' ' '
without exception his most intimate and aft'
friend, and, although he was on '
sui)])orter, he wa-s by no means a bliip
inherited a considerable fortune, and sitting tor the most
imi>ortant county in England, his ]x>sition in Parliament
was one of great inde))endence, and he soon l)ecame the
leader of the <li' ' ' ' '. in the If '
Conunons, ami "ff to '
and ])hilanthropic l|ue^ti(>n.•> than t<> :
jwrty warfare. He has himself m< :
occasion of the second sjie*^!! which Pitt made in Parlia-
ment he voted against him. and ' i-'»— ■•' f---) him on
more than one considerable ;ie the
momentous one of the great V
Pitt never shared the e\..
Wilberforce deemed of all things the most tr..
im]>ortant ; the languor which Pitt showe<l ii
|)eriod of his administration towards that great qu<*«tion of
the alxilition of the slave trade to which Wi!' ' -
devoted the best energies of his life ; and the shan
that arose In't ween them at i
of Ixird Melville — though th^
weaken the friendship, at least enabled Wiibf-rforce to
judge his friend without excessive admiration. It must be
added, too, that he was himself a man not only of trans-
jwrent truthfulness and honesty, but also of no little
intellectiuil ji<iwer. He do*-*; not. it is tnie. in this rp«|>ect-
rank in th"
share of tin
consciousness and exaggerations of tWling, that so fre-
quently characterized t he early memliersof the Evangelical
jiarty ; but his eloquence, set off by a voice of sinsrular
i)eauty. was In ' ' ' ' " ' ' ^â– f^g
accustomed to : md
Burke ; his social l. men wiin iiad \>
sympathy with his < J , . i his letters and _,
plainly show that he was no mean judge of character.
The private papers which are now published form an
excellent supplement to his well-known biocraphy. and.
although they do not contain any
imiKjrtance, they throw many highly i .
on the events and actors of his time. The most valuable
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 189:
luv aome hitherto nnpnbliahfd letters of Pitt iind a very
full sketch of his character, which was written by
Wilberforce in 1821. These itapers fully confirm all that
has b»t>n said of the close intimacy l^etwit-ii the two
htati->iiifii. Ill line of the ear" us of their I'nrlia-
inriitnry lif.-, Pitt, "who was ri !y fond of sloepinij
in tli>' I oiiiitry. ami wmilil ofn-n f;o out of town for t tint
puq*»>f ii< hitf iL- clfVi-n or twelve o'clock at night," slept
at the houm> of Wilberforce at Wimbledon for two or three
monthx together.
Seldom (writ*t Wilbcrforc*) bu anjr man had a bettor
oppoctOBltjr o( knowing another than I have possessed of
being thorougUjr aoquaintod with Mr. Pitt. For weeks and
months together 1 iiavo 8|>ent hours with him cvory morning while
be was transacting his common businosa with his secretaries.
Hnadreds of times probably I haro called him out of bed, and
bare, in abort, eeen him in every situation and in his most un-
reeerred moments. As be knew I should not ask anything of
bim, aad as he repoeed so much confidence in me as to be per-
suaded that I should nerer use any information I might obtain
from hitn - nfair purpose, be talked freely before me of
msa and . : actual, meditated, or questionable appoint-
mnita, plans, projects, anil speculations.
The letters of Pitt are in no degree inconsistent with
this statement, and they illustrate clearly the simple and
;•'" ' ' ' ••aled from the world by
- so cold and unbending.
_' is tluit which was written when
\ .- .. . unced his great religiou.s change, and
when there seemed much danger that the friend.ship
y - ~ the two young men might cease. When that
l> had first l)e«?n fornuMl. the life of Wiliierforce,
all worl<r rds very blanieless,
of a y«H. -'iilar, wealthy, wcll-
r.iMS'' till, and intelligent man of fashion, moving in the
Ik»i wjciety and looking fonnard to a brilliant ]M)litical
caiver. He w-as a member of five clubs, his house at
V" ' ' Ion was a great centre of attraction, and his
mces included some of the most di.stingui.shed
un-n iiud some of the most charming women of his time.
15iit in 1785 he pas,ied under the influence of a great
- enthiuiasm, which was henceforth to give the
tau'N'- <<'lour to his life. He declared that his former
life hatl not been that of a Christian. He wanied Pitt
' led to remain in Parliament, he
y man, and he sjKike of his desire
to retire tnim the world in a strain which foreshadowed
not only an alienation from his old friends, but also the
tennination of an active and u-seful career. The wise and
beautiful let? ' ' p •( uTote on this occaision is well
WOTtliy of a I 1, but a few sentences will give
its puqiort.
I will n'H diagniso to you that few things could go nearer
my heart than to find myself difToring from you essentially on
any great principle. I trust and believe it is a circumstance
wbieh can hardly occur, but if it ever should .... bolie\-e
me it is impowiblo that it should shake the sentiments of
affection aixl frien<lsliip which I bear towards you. . . ,
Tb«f are sentiments engraved in my heart, and will never be
•ffaoad or w«?ak'>r)'-'l. . . Yiti will not susptx.-t me of
tbiakiii^' motives which guide
yoo. An . _ .:ik your uii'lorstanding
or judgment easily misled. But forgive me if 1 cannot help
..•rt.i..-..iti . n,y i„ai that you are nerertbolcis deluding yourself
1 which have but too much tendency to counteract
i ••n;ect and to render your rutaea and your talents
- 'tb to yourself and mankind. . . . You confess that
"is not a gloomy one, and that it is not
Dut why, then, this pro[<aration of soli-
tude, which can hardly avoid tincturing the mind either with
melancholy or superstition ? . . . Surely the principles a»
well as the practice of Christianity are simple, and load not to
meditation only, but to action. ... I will ask you, both a»
a mark of your friendship and of the candour which belongs to
your mind, to ojien yourself fully and without reserve to one
who, believe me, does not know how to separate your happinusa
from his own. . . . The only way in which you can satisfy
mo is by conversation. ... If you will <ipen to mo fairly tlio
whole state of your mind on these subjects, though I Hhall venture
to state to you fairly the points whore I fear wo may .litTor, and
to desire you to re-examine your own ideas where I think you aro
mistaken. I will not ini]x>rtiine yon with fruitless discussion on
any opinion which you have deliberately formed. . . . No
principles are the worse for being discussed, and liolicve me that
st all events the full knotvledgeof the nature and extent of your
opinions and intentions will bo to me a lasting satisfaction.
In answer to this letter Pitt and Wilberforce had a
long interview. As might have been expected, neither
convinced the other, but though their goveniing motives-
from this time ran in ditierent channels their friendship
continued as genuine as before, though it jn'rhaiis lost
something of its former intimacy. Poth Wilberforce and
his surroundings had changed. Hannali More and Mrs.
Fry soon took the jilace which had been once held by Mrs,
Siddons, Mrs. Crewe, or the brilliant Duchess of Gordon.
Keligious jiracticesand doctrines dominated over all politi-
cal interests, and the house at Wimbledon lost much of
its attraction to liis old friend.
The public (juestions touched in these letters are not
nutnerous or very important. One letter relates to the
candidature of Wilberforce for Yorkshire in 1784, and
shows the great ])ains and the keen interest with wliich
Pitt sujuxirted it. In anotlicr letter Pitt promised, if
necessary. to iKistjione his motion on Parliamentary Keform
for a week or ten da3's in order tlijit Wilberforce, who was
then on the Continent, might be present when it was intro-
duce<l. In a third he defends his very dubious jiolicy of
apjwinting his brother to the head of the Admiralty, on
the ground that this njipjintment ought to be in the
hands of a landsm.in, and that giving it to a near relation
had " the solid advantage of establishing a complete con-
cert with so essential a department and removing all aj)-
jiearance of a sejxirate interest."
His desire toseejieace with France established in 1802
and his belief that the chnriK-ter of Konajifirte would make
it imjiossible for that jieace to be jiermanent are very
clearly expressed. The slave trade, as might be ex]K'cted,
often apjiears in the corre.sjiondence, and in the early ^'ears
of the abolition movement the eaniestness of Pitt left
nothing to he desired. He a])]iears to have jnud some
attention — though a remarkable |>assage in the sketch
shows that it was not very great — to the recommendations
of Wilberforce on questions of C"hurcli jtatronage ; but there
is no sign that he resjionded to WillK'rforce's ardent
entreaty tliat among the new taxes reijuired for the war
should be " a tax on all public diversions of every kind,
including card-jilaying.''
The very interesting sketch of Pitt which follows is pre-
ce<led by a few biographical details which are well known,
and, among others, by an account of his first and only
visit to tlie I t in the autumn of 178."}. Wilber-
force and Kli' future lirother-in-lnw, were his com-
j)anions,nnd their journey «-xtended to Paris, Fontainebleau,
and Kheims. The most imisirtant ]>art, however, of this
sketch is the matured judgment which, 16 years after the
death of Pitt, Willierforce fonned of his former friend and
his careful analysis of his characteristics. The most re-
October 23, 1897.]
MTKRATURE.
mnrkable nppeAH'd to him thi> .-iniiulnr fiiiriicHs niul
caliniiesH of liis jud^iin'nt.
Thoy who havo had occiiaion to diaciisM politioal queitiuna
with him in private will aclcnowlodgo that there nomr was
a fairer ronsiinor, noror any one more |iromptly ry .â– and
ailowin;; it« fidl Wfif-ht to every conHi4leratiiin a mot
which was iii'K(><I againHt the opinion he ha<l omlituccU. You
alwayn Maw wh<iro you cliirorud fron» him an I wliy
I nevor mot witii Jiny man who comhincd in ai\ v(\'\ thii
oxtrnordiniiry |)re('iai(>n of undei-ntundiiig witli tli ntui-
tivo approhiin.iion of every sha'lo of opinion or of fooling, which
might lie in<licato(l by those with whom he was cnnveriant. . .
. . Xo man ever listened more attentively to what wa* itatod
a^^ainst his own opinions. . . His regard for truth was
greater than 1 ever saw in any man who was not strongly under
the influence of a powerful princij>lu of religion ; he ap|>earod to
adhere to it out of respect to himself, from a certain moral
purity which appeared to be a part of his nature.
In his official intt>rcoiirse witli iirofc.'i.sioiial exj)ert.s or
subordinates it was remarked how ready he was to surrender
his own jin^eonceived opinions if siiiierior ex|K'rt know-
ledfie convinced him that lie was wron<j. As Wilherforce
Acutely observes, many men woul<l thus cliange tlieir line
of conduct on imiKirtant occasions, but few would do ho
without som« fretful ness or irritation on those smiill
ooca-fions " which are not of sufficient moment to call a
man's dignity into action."
This W!us a ([uality of intellect whicti was closely con-
nected with his moral character. Wilherforce beiirs
emphatic testimony to his unruffled jjood humour both
in jrreat matters and in small, and to the strongly sjTn-
pathetic nature that endeared him to tho.se who came in
close contact with him. The haughtiness which was so
conspicuous in his public life was, he believed, largely
due to shyness. " No man appeared to feel more for
others when in distress ; no man was ever more kind and
indulgent to his inferiors and dejtendants of every class,
and never were there any of those little acts of super-
â– ciliousness or indifference to the feelings and comforts of
others by which secret pride is sometimes betniyed."
There was not a tinge of jealousy in his nature, and, like
Fox, he was always prompt and generous in recognizing
rising talent.
Wilherforce did not, however, believe that Pitt had
much insight into individual character or much power of
foreseeing events. }lis extremely sanguine tem])emment,
while it freed him from depression in the darkest hours
of jiublic affairs, often led him to underrate difficulties and
to give too easy credit to information which accorded with
his wishes. In the eyes of Wilherforce his cajiital defect
was the absence of any strong religious conviction. This
want and his habitual association "with men of worldly
ways of thinking and acting " dejjrived his (lovernment of
moml force, induced him to govern by influence rather
•than by principle, and preventtxl him from " giving their
just weight to religious and moral jirinciples and character
in the exercise of his unlimited jiatronage both in Church
and State."
In comparing his elo<]uence with that of Fox he
makes one somewhat whimsical criticism : —
The necessity under which Mr. Pitt often lay of opening and
speaking upon subjects of a low and vulgarising fjuality, such as
the excise on tobacco, wine, <fi:c., topics almost incapable
with propriety of an association with wit nnd grace, especially
in one who was *o utterly devoid of all disposition to seek occa-
sions for shining, tended to produce a real mediocrity of senti-
ment and a lack of ornament, as well as to increase the impres-
sion that such was the nature of his oratory.
Th*" |>oHi<
im« r*l**inp to
ist
Wl;
' in
' ~ii- II II. WM
i« a loni; and
ll(Ml« \ \^ 11 fl Vt I
ID
oh
he
I-ly
1*.
i to
is one from Lord I'
accepting a place u. .
Ixinl Chief Justice of
d.-
)•!.
the iiii;
jMirte ^u
and there are some int
1814, desi-ribing the gii-ai jt.i
8tat4'smen and French public opinion n
Engli^'
A
chiefly address4>d to his son Samuel, i
imbued with religioui* sentiment of the I-
and it is curious to observe that an '*
work strenuously " 1 to Wi!'
sin of tin' win who .: - li»'i'am"-
ini!
\*-'
written in 1831), on the ettects of I niversity education
which is lx)th interesting in itself and a good illustration
of the jiractical wisdom of its writer.
It is curious to obM>rvo the effects of the Oxford •jrstefk
in priKluring on the inimls of young men a strong prop.-'Tinfty to
what may be termed Tory principles. From tv. the
general tenour of our family and social circle, r ^ , ;ia»e
been supposed that my children, though adverse to party, would
be inclined to adopt Liberal or, so for as would be consistent with
party. Whig principle*, but all my three Oxonians an strong
friends to High Church and King doctrines. The eiToct* I
myself have witnessed would certainly induce mo, hod I toilocide
on the University to which any young proUyt of mine should go,
were he by natural tcm]>er or any other c«fi(t«* t'v* prr.no to
excess on the Tory side, I should dor: 'f^.
Trinity ; were the op{>osite the case, i ; lol,
Oxford.
History of French Literature. l$y Bdwar 'en,
D.Litt., LI..1). (Dili).), D.C.I.. (()x..ii.». r.I. I>. I I).
(Princeton), I'l-ofcs-sor of KnKlisb 1 ity
of Dublin. (Shiu-t Histories of thi- i ill.
Edited by Edmund OoiiNe.) 8vu., 4M pp. i>
William H inn. 6/-
There is no dei>artment of lettf-rs to which th*" proverb
" Many men many minds " .i to
literary history, and, therefo! , , ..: v at
least, there can hardly be too many literary histories,
though no doubt from of - • - • •< ^ • -te true.
It will lie strange if any a liody
of ' "' -er
•f' 'ge
and ability, does not set it in new lights. iJut, generally
sjienking, there are two main ways of attacking the
problem. The historian may determine to make his own
reading and judgment tt • •" ' '■" the
collections, views, and oj -.ar,
ail ' i>r he :
pi' : ly or mii;
supjilying the connecting stuti himself. The ad\
of the former method and its disadvantages are «.,...-.. ^
enough, the chief of the disadvantages Ijeinc that it is a
.sort of counsel of jxrfection ; he wh- ' ver
hojie to carry it out even to his o\m i .on.
The other method — which it would be 4uiie uut&ir to call
8
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1S97.
oompilatioD, and which mny perhnp^ h#^ be called intelli-
gc>iit devolutioa or enr ators — admit!! of
much iiiiwv coniDtfte ciu: -., /. "ii*v, on its own
ptan, 1 .TfecU
PioiiNx,, I «..»<li>n, lut he explains in hia Preface nnd
•hovs in liin hook, has chos<>n a variety of this seeond
c»ur»»'. ' lie has done wisely. He could not,
inabiM. t very small or close jirint, have
f^ven . like an exhaustive account of liis suhject
on thi- ;.. ; , ..m ; on the second he has been able to
present an npetx^t, arranpj'd and written with the skill of
an an'" ' I literary craftsman, jiemiittinjj the exclu-
•ion ot did nut olnios«» to ijive. and the pn'sent-
ment a' of jiortions of the
snbjeci ilK)rtant and interest-
ing, and ei: v tlie ai'oeptetl and authorita-
tiv»- ••■•"- ...... 1 ...ill the Chnnsoit. de Roland to
l.*" 1 which he ha.s chosen as at least nominally
hi- ' ' " i.i of his fuhject
sii: 1 not too gaudily
coloun-*!. nnd cxliiliituii; the ri-lntions of its different juirts
in a way which will not draw down u]Km him the wrath of
any prominent sfK-cialist. In his general arrangement he
has followed the usual, and, indeed (except at tlie cost of
wilful eccentricity), inevitable plan of five " books " —
d>' with t' val i)erio(l, the ."^ix-
t«-' .. and ]•; . Centuries, and the
last division ot all, which he iias in his case niiule to coin-
cide with that from the Kevolution to the incoming of
Na])oIeon the Third. In the ^hnlieval period he has
avowedly followed the system, and has, we should
sapfxwe, confineti himself pretty closely to selecting the
matter of tlie large new Encycloj)ffKlia of French
Literary History of diffen-nt contributors wiiich M. Petit
de JuUeville is editing ; in the later divisions he has
been more eclectic in his disciplesliip, and has, we
should imairine. drawn more on his own reading. As we
pr" " • -its to wiiich we have referred
al" lit. Even the Chanson, dt
Rolnnd and its hundn-d comjwnion ejncs, even the great
Artli"r;..ii romances lumiM*d together with the Ramans
d. -.according to the recent French practice, as
" I 'Urtoise ■* can lx» afTordwi but .some h.alf dozen
pn. ; •'ven tlip Romance of the Hose do<'S not
te; to much ex J Kit iat ion. But the
in' _ , IS well as the channing work, of
Fromsart tinds him syni]>athetic enough, and in the
sixteen'' •■'•iry we have excellent sketches of Kabelais
and M .Still, we should imagine that tlie
hi' t aro»s(Hl till he
c" I which not only
a]>)H-:ii!i to les, hut lias b<'en thoroughly
treat'Hl and ;.. ).-.e collalwrators of his who, iw
he pleaMintly says in the preface, "are on his shelves."
There can In- no doubt that the l)est parts of the book
(tlionch we Khonld have mentinne<1 the (icrount of the
■« '■iry jjortmits
"f ' : i'',s<]uieu and
Voltaire ai. ; of Madame de StA^l, «ith Iht in-
•ejmnib'- ! T.il Chateaubriand ; of I^amartine
»nd Vi . and, alwve all. Huiro. It is on
"'• • ,.j|,,,i outlay
of ; it is these
wl !en witii the most jdeasure
t" li. liij r<-aflers ; and it is by
thene and by the < for them which his
plan presents that ti.Mi ji.mi, tifx-d as a whole.
Other parts oftbe book II, me reservations.
It will in these inevitably seem to the most indulgent
critic who knows tlie subject rather insufficiently itojf'tt,
as the French say themselves — insufticiently provided,
that is to say, with {lositive information. This is, we
say, inevitable. The sunMth swwping generalizations
which the French metlKxl loves, and whidi Professor
Dowden has most successfully adopte<l, accord ill with a
profusion of titles and names aiul dates, of criticisms of
individual works, and indications of individual biography
and bibliography, except in the ca.sc of the greatest
masters. To illustrate what we mean let us take the
notice of .Saint-Evremond. No one would ex|H»ct much
aliout .Saint-Evremouil in such a history ; the twenty lines
actually accorde<l to him are lil)eral. and the cliaracteriza-
tion they contain is, in the main, just. But let us (juote
the passage : —
Tho gruat name of criticism in the second half of tho
seventeenth century is Uoili-au. Kiit one of whom Boileau spoke
harshly, a soldier, a man of tho world, the. friend of Ninon de
L'Enclos, a sceptical epicurean, an amateur in letters, Saint-
Evremond (1013-1703), among his various writings ai<le<l the
cause of criticism by the intuition which lie hod of what was
excellent, by a fineness of judgment as far remove<l from mere
licence as from the pedantry of rules. Fallen into disfavour with
the King, Saint-Evremond was received into tho literary society
of London. His criticiHiu is that of a fastidious taste, of balance
and moderation guide<l by tradition yet open to new views if
they approved themselves to his culture and good sense. Had his
studies been more serious, had his fooliiigs Inion more gonoroua
and anient, had his moral sense been less shallow, ho might have
made important contributions to literature. As it was, to be a
man of the world was his trade, to be a writer was only an ad-
mirable foible.
That is excellently written, and for the most part
truly said. It *' jilaces," for those who know him, their
Saint-Evremond neatly and with hardly any unfairness if
with some omission. But will not the hungry sheep look
up and say " But what ^m•e • his various writings ' ? "
" MTkU did he write besides the drama which is elsewhere
catalogued ? " .And it is surely the duty of a literary
historian to feed, though not to cram, them with some
reply.
Again, though wo fully recognize the truth of Mr.
Dowden's prefatory remark, " many matters in dispute
have here to Iw briefly stated in one way ; there is no
room for discussion,'' we cannot help thinking that espe-
cially in the Medieval jK-ricsl he has been rather js)sitive
in accepting cert^iin theories and stating them categori-
cally. He must be aware, for instance, that when he
writes " Breton harjiers wandering through France and
England nimle Celtic themes known through their lais ;
the fame of King Arthur was spread abroad by these
singers and by the history of Geoftrey of .Monmouth," he
is not merely taking one side of a matter in dispute, not
merely basing a sweeping statement on the slenderest
evidence, but actually converting a hyjiothesis into a fact.
A " jierhajw," or a " jirobably," or an " it seems likely
that " could not have taken so very much room.
Tliese, however, are the almost inseparable drawbacks
of the metho<l wbii-h is nothing if not confident, summary,
and clear, and as Professor Dowden has plainly set forth
what his metlitxl is and loyally abides by it, there is
nothing more to 1k^ said.
We nee<l only a<ld, or reiK-at, in conclusion, that this
is a very i)leasant book to read, displaying its author's
usual care, and for the most jwirt avoiding the " precious-
ness " of which he has som<-tinies been accused. Its orna-
ment — whether Professor IJowden borrows, as in the case-
October 2;i, 1897.]
UTIIKATIRF.
of Niftard's deRcription of Madame dc S«'-vign«»'»t own jin*-
ciousiu'SH an " oiu' HU|>crHii<)UH rililMm iti n Minii'l" «ii<l
flejjiiiit ti)ilct" ; or |iiii'U|iliriiK(>H witlioiit (|i:
ujH)!! a wt'll-kiiowii Hi-iiti'iic»' of M. Stini
remark that " Madame dc Stiiel's novfU are ol<l now,
which meuiiH tliat tlu'v once were youiij; " ; or wltU flowem
of hiH own, as wliere he definoH Hiij^o's vanity, " if it in
vanity to take a maf;nifie<l hmken-shadow for oneself antl
admire its HUjierh gesture on thi* mist " — is seldom iliit-
agreeable. ^Ve, at worst, douht whether " M. ile Climal
— old angel fallen " is not a little grotesijne, and whether
in " He knew how to wing his verse's with a volent (volant ?)
refrain," " flying " would not have done In-tter than
" volant." But these are small matters ; and of matters
smaller still we have only one thing against Professor
Dowden or his jirinter, which is the luloption of the
horrible Angli>-French contraction " Mdlle." instead of
" Mile." Fortunately we are sj):uiil •• Milmi',." tin. ugh it
would have been only consistent.
Botii "I irii'-ie nre Well known i
tiini, and their artii-li-ti niTit i
•'( the
A Russian Biogrraphicai Dictionary. Russki Bio-
grafltcheslci Slovar. Tom I. .Vai-on IniixTnlor Alex-
jiiultr II. SD-Jpp. St. IVterslMii-K. l^W. Skorolchodof.
Those who have occupied themselves much with the
history, politics, or literature of Kussia must often have
felt the want of a good biogniphical dictionary of distin-
guished Russians. The want was felt and publicly e.x-
prcssed by the late KmiK'ror .'Mexander III. at a meeting
of the ImiK'iial Russian Historical Society, and his
Majesty suggested that something of the kind might be
undertaken by the society in question. The TiniH>rial
suggestion has bonii' fruit. First, n so-called nhornik was
])repared and published in two volumes, but it was soon
felt that such a brief summary, though useful enough in
its wa}', was cpiite inade<|uate for the object in view. It
was decided, therefore, that a greater effort should be
made in the same direction, and the president of the
society, M. Poloftsef, undertook the direction of the work.
It promises to be of gigantic dimensions. The first
volume, which is the only one hitherto j)iiblished, is a
quarto of 892 jmges in double columns, and it includes
merely, as the title-jtage shows, the names from Aaron to
Alexander II. Of course the length of the articles varies
considerably according to the imjKirtance of the |»ersonage
whose life is described. In the great, liighly centraliztxi,
autocratic Monarchy, the Autocrats entirely overshadow,
and almost eclipse, ordinary humanity, and this jx»culiarity
is reflected in the work before us. t)ut of the 892 pages
no less than 7.51 are devoted to two Emj)erors — Alex-
ander I. and Alexander II. — and only 141 to uncrowned
mortals.
Fortnnatel}',the lives of these two Sovereigns are very
well writttMi, the authors having in botli cases examined
and utilized not merely the best printed works relating to
their subject, but also a considerable amoimt of hitherto
unpublished material. It requires, however, a very inti-
mate acquaintance with the previous literature to deter-
mine what is inedlt. Ivcause the individual statements of
fact are in no case authenticated by a reference to the jwr-
ticular authority on which the statement is basinl. No
doubt the initiated, by reading over the list of authorities,
can generally be pretty certain as to the source, but it
â– would have been much more satisfactory if the authorities
had been cited for at least the more imix)rtant statements.
As it is, strong calls are sometimes made on our faith in the
scrupulous accuracy and sound judgmen of the authors.
more, nnd l>e lesN fn-cjuently oi)lig«-«l to tnuit to that
of othent, however able and con»cieii'' ■■•- •' •' '-ni
maybe. At the xame time he i« fi -d
in an ' ' ' wluit he :u
written of tli" Pr« it,
indeed, the I't' itl an
ofHcial of the .Ml i , v 'iiity it
wan to see that no {wlitical secretii wei > d, and no
di]>lomatic indiscretiom* rnnimitte<l. \<<' m- ution tht*M>
things simply aa farts, and not with any intention of o<jm-
jilaininL' ■• j,.|,
the |»ri. in
archives ot com|»iiratively nn A
to a control of this kind, and I. _ .: .... -If
many delicious ]>lums which he would gl < -with
th<> general jiuhlic. In a country like liuK-ia, wm-n' the
Kmiwror is theoretir«llv n'>«|xinsible for nil tlie iiinK of
commission or or iv
stand convicted. :i . mI
])rinciples of Statecraft that the pulilic venenaion for the
Autocratic jtower and the .August jM-rsonage in which it i*
for the moment incor|K)rate<l should Im- most carefully
preservt-d. the ]â– ' ' ' ""ssible
indiscretions of orians
must Ik* exceptionally - into
consideration, and n'lnenv ^ ' _ 'letwo
Sovereigns described belong to the pres«'nt century, we
are suq»rised not at the amount of restraint im^iosed, but
rather at the amount of lilx-rty accorded. We are
~-eil also by the • " .e
far tus {Kissible, t in
ceremonial 1 which is so f: u.^ed in -M-ini-
official articli .^.; ling not only i ir, but all the
members of the Imi)erial family. Though the customarr
stereoty])ed phra-ses occasion " *' - â– 'at
obtrusive, and they are not ig
after what is known in the Kti !i-
tical " well-iutentiolietlness " ( u-
liarity which so often disfigures semi-olhcial Ku.ssian
literature.
The article on Alexander I. is written by M. Schilder.
Of him it will be suflficient to - â– ' " he has alrea<ly
made for himself a well-tm-rited 'n as a careful
investigator, well U( • with the ] -kI
events he descrilK's, ;r le ha.s not all' __ _;-
ment to \h' seriously waqn^d by iiatriotism or preju-
dice. Of M. Tatishtchef, the author of the long article
of 507 jMiges on Ale.xander II., we ought, jierhaps,
to sjx'ak a little more in det.iil, for he wa- ■■•d
to much greater temptations. A considTabU- .)f
his life had Inn-n sjient in the Kussiaii >•,
and he h.id playwl a jiart — allvit a > m
some of the events with which he has had to deal. Among
those who played the most imjwrtant diplomatic rulrs he
had his friends and he had his enemie.s. and he could
hanlly have forgotten the " ' ' ' ',y
some of the latter. li»~ .e
has, with regard to the Kasteni i^uestion. certain very
strong convictions which he would like to see adopted by
the public and by the Government, but which were not in
favour during the reign of .\lexander II. He had. there-
fore,strong temptations to let his judgment as an historian
be bia.«ed and distorted by personal feelings; hw -t
do him the justice to say that he has re.-i- ii
10
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
temptationn to a WOT xt««nt. T of liis
namitiv« is nuvly ii i by jx^ln ns, and
he nevrr adopts a polemical attitude. Here and there
the reader who is well noqnainted with his diplomatic
activity or his sulnk-^iuent writinjjs may iH-rhaps detect
th<- t it i« nowhere obtrusive, and
it the facts have lieen coloured
or t to suit forejjone conclusions. What we
an- i to complain of is that he sometimes whets
our curiosity without satisfyinf; it. Take, for example, the
fiunons ' ''â– '** * /'â– to St. Petersburg in
1866, V uinji to intervene in
the peaiv i ::\ and Aiistrisj. and
when M. !'• _ .Mantcuffel mission,
informe<l his Government that his efforts were fruitless
Ijp,..,, . ti ,. Pnissians had found support " elsewhere." It
is V u that Bismarck on that occasion undertook
ce: •(« of Hussian diplomatic
»u; ;ve never Ihm'u divulged,
an' V it is im to determine how far tlie
â– cii- ixjuently .. 1 against him by Russia
are well founded. In dealing with this incident 51.
Tat' ' * ' r 1 > evidently liefore him the diplomatic docu-
m- â– '> it. for he eives a very detailed account
of< inteniews with Alexander II.
aii'i ;. and he does not conceal the
bet that tl; - at first brought out into strong
relief the la;. .; _...ism of the two Governments. Even
the words of the Emjieror are quoted v<n-hatim. Then, to
our 'â– ' . occurs in the narrative, and
wi uce more in the most cordial
relaliutis. . . in the intcrA-al, the foundations of
that unil â– : - Aliich was to j)rove so useful to Prussia
in her France had been laid, but the opera-
tion ' .-ri jiiai-e behind the scenes and we are told
no: ut it. Nor is this bj- any means the only case
in 'Ms raised and then suddenly
dr' lion. It would be unreason-
ab: - we have already admitted, to complain of
re.--; .oence of this kind. A biograj)hical dic-
tionary is ex|)ected merely to summarize information
air' ' ' '■' d. It )•• : ' 'v because M. Tatishtchef
wr: •••nnnni' a mere suinmarizer that
W' d in reading his long and
in- lly necessary to say that the
great majority of the articles awaken no such feeling.
They are rri'- '•■■!• tionarN' articles of the ordinary tyjie,
and they w i .'ill ordinary requirements.
^^ ' ing all success, and
we hoj ^ Diay ap]K-ar within a
reaaon but we must confess that on this jioint we
are not »,,,..,,. apprehensions, for among Russian literary
men it must be difficult to find the metluxiical persever-
an' uccessful termination a work
of
WUllam B1r''W"'"M and His Sons : Tlicir Mnpa/.ine
«ml Fri.tifi*. the I'lihliKhiiiK IIoiuw. lly Mrs.
Ollpbaat. •_' V .,., 5224514 pp. I»ti<l<.ii. issrr."
Blackwood. 42/-
No ln'tter historian of the house of Blackwood (the
publishing house) couM have In-en foimd than .Mrs.
Oliphant. .''he |«>nwsi«-d the lively tradition of a firm
alw - •• ' • -.,.^ From the beginning,
th- : lie ]>i-(i])|i- <-oncenied ana
kind of immortal literary nymph, " Maga," whose contri-
butors were her true knights. From the beginning the
founiier of the firm and his successors were the friends of
their eminent hands ; these early friendsliijis were stormy
and interrupted but unbroken. A kind of loyalty to i\w
house was felt, such as Knox entertained for the He)>-
bums ; the sentiinvnt was Scottish, almost romantic, and
Iierhai»s unexampled among the clients of Kiiglish jiub-
lishers. Mrs. Olipiiant, a truly veteran ally and con-
tributor, had the Blackwoodian sentiment in tiie highest
degree. Pictures(jue rather than accurate as an historian,,
in this ca.se she had documents before her and her
publisher to keep her in the right way. Her book is full
of interesting literary anecdote, and it is not her fault that
the early years have often been written of before. Her
fault is an excess of her qualities. The firm and the
Magazine are magnified in her eyes, but that is jmrt of
the humour of her book. She is also too copious about
things unessential.
Of Blackwoodian genealogy we have none. The original
Blackwood seems to have been descende<l- from a burgess
ruined by the Darien affair, but no links of jM-digree are
given, and, nearly alone among Scots, Mr. Blackwood
claimed not to lx» " the King's cousin." He was Iwm in
177G, and a])prenticed at 14 to a firm of booksellers.
We are told, more Oliphantico, what the boy " would do"
in the way of diversion, but, of counse, we know not what he
did. He then became Glasgow agent to Mundell, the pub-
lisher of Campbell's "Pleasures of Hoi)e." Part of his busi-
ness was to hunt out old Iwoks for customers such as " The
Dis]mtation " of Nicol Burne (1.581), who is so cheerfully
frank alwut John Knox. For years later, publishers were
also sellers of old books ; we know " Longman's Cata-
logue." With a 5Ir. Cuthill, in Ivondon, " famous for his
catalogues," Blackwood worked three years. In 1804 he
established himself on the South Bridge, in Edinburgh,
being then a handsome, well-tlressed young gentleman, to
judge by his miniature. Fifteen years later his asjiect and
manner did not i)leji.so Lockhart, nor his friend Christie,
both fastidious young Oxonians. Ijockhart's familiar
name for him is unpublished, and maj' so remain ; it is
eminently disresjieetful. In 1805 Blackwood married a
young lady " with a king's name," Miss Steuart (of
Carfin), whom he had long admired. The Scottish litera-
ture of the early century was blossoming, and .Mr. Black-
wood went into it, being " rash, but not so rash " as
Constable. He alone, of these northern adventiu-ers, made
and kept a fortune by bookselling. Scott was buying old
books from him as early as 1812 ; he wrote, with onler, on
that luckless day when he " flitted " from Ashestiel.
When the Ballantynes and their bills frightened Mr.
Murray, Mr. Blackwood became, for a time, not a ])leasant
time, his Edinburgh agent. He himself published
M'Crie's " Knox," which Mr. Stevenson found so arid. In
Blackwood's view. In 181G-17,
with Scott's " Black Dwarf "
came mto
adventure
1814 Hogg
Blackwrnnl's
occurred.
Mrs. 01i])hant devotes much space to this affair. She
thinks that liockhart, perhaps designedly, told the tale of
BlackwrKxl's natural discontent with " The Black Dwarf"
and offer of a hint for a new conclusion so as to leave " a
disagre«'able impression " of Blackwood. " Except the
sons of the Ivlinljurgh j)ublislier there was nolxxly to be
wounded." This is, indeed, to be sensitive ! There is not
a wounding word in Lixtkhart.'s anecdote (which is quoted
textiially) or, if any one hml a right to be hurt, it was
tin I mts of Sir Walter. The sons of Blackwood
tin furnished I^R-kliart with documents on the
subject for his second edition. Mrs. Oliphant calls Ix)ck-
October 23, 1897.]
LITEHATURE.
11
hart's vereion " exactly the kind of Hkilfiil coni|)ound of
tnitli nn<I iTiiiif^iimtioii whifh hiw ruined the cliaractcr of
nmny u man." Vet .Mr«. Olipluint addH nothing;, and diit-
proves nothing, and nohcnlyV " iharat-ter " in harmed.
Scott was amiL'<in(,'ly toiuhy ; '"' '
tactlcM.s. McM, ( >li|)liHnt otVcrs a
wrote tlie words suMsUtiited hy lmlljiiiiyiin tor tin- tirst
furious note, " (iod damn liis soul !" IVrlinps he did ; no-
body knows. And she says tliat Scott has Ix'cn more inti-
mate with lilackwmwi than Lf)ckhart tliought. At tiiis
date (181G) I^oekliart liad no ac(|uaintan('c with Scott, and
hit<'ran uni»ulilishcd h-tter of Scott's to I,
hookscUcr, sliows very hostile, tliou;,'li d. .
feeling.
In business ()uestions relating to the itm,-,, »nn n an-
given in detail, Blackwooti had much to complain of on the
jxart of tiie Hiillantynes and, ]M'rliaps, of Sir Walter. But
the "Black Hussar "and "Black Dwarf "anecdote remains
exactly as Lockiiart gave it, and could only " wound " a
jierson sutiering from emotional liypera'sthesia. That
Scott was irritated by the showing of his work to Gifford
^which he had refuseil to allow), as well as liy Blackwood's
2)roiM)sed new end to his novel, is already clear from I^x-k-
liart's narrative, and is no discovery of Mrs. Oliphant's.
Blackwctod's letter to Ballantyne is given by I^ockhart him-
self (Vol. v., p. lo8), and on the afiiiir of Scott's wrath
Mrs. Oliphant adds nothing whatever.
The early history of BlackivootVa Magazine (1817) is
familiar. Owing to some combination of causes it had a
far from creditalile youth. Mrs. Oliphant may, or may
not, have worked out the series of savage libels, now
obscure enough, for which Wilson, Ixxkhart, and .Maginn
were resj^nsible. These go far beyond " rather cruel
fun," and often are not funny at all. Wilson's ferocious
article on Coleridge is, however, sufficiently rei)rovwl by
the lenient .Mrs. 01ii)hant, and l^ukhart's " Cockney
School" is justly styled " uni)ardonable." As to the
(Jhaldee MS., excej)t in a few disgraceful verses, it was
innocent. Charles Kirkpatrick ShaqK" had been grossly
rude to Mr. Blackwood, and deserves what he got
(Vol. I., p. 54).
Of Lockhart little is told that is new. His notes to
Blackwood do not reveal the " inmost soul of him,"
which is, and will remain, undiscovered. He asks for a
sight of a nox amhrosuiwi by Hogg, " that I may j)Ut in a
few cuts at himself," but he sliows a singular protecting
<!are of Wilstm's feelings. His butt, tlie Odontist. remon-
strates in vain ; it is clear that he did not like the fame
which was thrust uiwn him — the " Jocks," as he sim'IIs it.
There are two letters, obviously written after the .Scott-
Christie duel. Ix>ckhart was disinclineti to write for the
magazine. Scott absolutely disapproved of his doing so.
Christie pressed him to abstain, and perhajis ]51ackwood
should have left him alone. LtM?khart kn<'w, no doubt,
that he could not trust himself t<> abandon satire, and it
is much to be regretted that he did contribute a review of
Patmore, John Scott's second in the duel. The relations
with Lockhart were weakened, but remained friendly, and
were continued to the successors with all Ixxkhart's un-
varying kindness to young jx^ople. Blackwoo<h out of a
laudable but mistaken tenderness for Scott, rejectinl an
amusing skit of Ixickhart's on Scott's imitators. We think
that it appeared, as a review, in The Quarterly; and .Scott
must have been amused, for none of the banter touched
him.
Wilson appears as a very sensitive author, and Sirs.
Oliphant has not sjuired the tale of his terror lest Words-
worth should iind out one of his caprices. After being
Wordaworth'g guMt, afU-r • rrnc^al of a brokrn trit-nA^
â– hip, WilHon imitantly attAcked him violently in Hlaek-
woo</, and the fact wa« lik' '• • ' ' ' \^ i -i
wan re<luce<I t«» a kind of h
IlU 1..
th ; n«''
wliy. •* W • HMVH JyK'khart, " t! • i , ■:■>■* of
one of the .... uum (;>»I .'..r I ;• ,: , ijilo,"
" The prof«i*sor rea! .n* n» if
he was tnad " is aU' * \vmi
mutters lip. All I '-M,
â– i not A eiuire'.tcr
I i» even more
tiftl with " copy,"
" Life of Clinstoi)hcr North." 1
easily understcHxl, but ♦'■•• !■''
puzzling. Wilson was e.\
and Mrs. Olip! ,- r
oncf ennie to h'
ill of her IU>\el.
dir , < this lady, " ir
matters, and gift«Hl with a tendemewt for the ancient
erratic habits of scribblin 'ind. Wil.-^ - ^■•U'T,
like most of the hero<*8. v and en :is ;
they all sh- rel,
excuse, aii<i i at
work.
The Shepherd apjjcars in his usual <•!■•••■■■•••••. over in
pursuit of a fugitive note for £50. Mrn. ; rather
underrates tin-
genius, " the ii
maud of a sheptierd,"' n*-
tranged. From James i . I't-
able things, but from Maga (which gave tl 'rd
to the world) James had often much to riiuuii-. i>.iiiiin-
tyne, as jirinter, went b«'Vond his province in criticizing
an attack on Hogg ; he '
Maginn api>ear8 in eljr
unscmjmlous (he was sorry for having attacke<t Keata),
lying, laughing, gossipir- ' •-■•'■. - • *;• ■ii,. i ..,((en
utterly, and every way rea
on his own refusal to -
humorous. He thus ri
to Ih* concerned in the
gusted by "that friend >
every tender and sacred feel i he
told Maginn. It is curious i;i:i 'to
take money for his articles. Mn 'k-
liii' . - - .|,p
Q. do
it, when Maginn would send in i :is liis own!
Nobody reviewed the Bid lads. Si. „, . .. .. i not toach
jxjetry, and no comjietent hand could l>e found.
('•' •■' -n,
after w tor
some inscrutai)ie rea,son lii»-il«Hi iiim in 'd,
Coleridge consulteti Crabb Kobinson alxjut n tor
libel. Ixx-khart, however, won over S. T. C i in
"Peter's I." " ' -■•-. more maladroit! is-
chievously. .i letter of his. » -a-
tions were . te.
He replied : _'a-
zine, and ofi'ered •• t : !ie,
and character." Col>....^ > iis,
wandering way, but where is his " Lvrical Tah . s,"
with three.. " " ' " " vie
he ap])lies t
The p. iiicevs • -'
too jiainful . ^ >ii. He >â– , ._ lu
12
LITERATURE.
[October 2:\ 1897.
artirlr, and nerd* a pound or two; he reveals old nqnalors,
infinit<*lr liettiT left to oblivion ; he wastes tiim* and
eneivy in elaUimte, u>' " ~tU's ; lie insnitx Hlatk-
wood^ ftt'iin^is about •• i " with iutolt'rablc want
of tact. The letter in Vol. 1., ji. 43.5. ought to have Invn
omitted, for verv •■onsi.l.u.nis reasons. ^Irs. Oliphant
contract* with de <; wtivs the literary commer-
cialism oft ' i-es *♦ per thou." Of old they
reckoned h\ all tlie unessmtinl diffen'noe.
We kn>'A •; ' n-ey, and liis jiart of tiie
bookgn'" 1:.". , . lie. (inlt's also is melan-
choly, he had but one 8er^â – iceable string ; of that, the
world wearied, and he lalioured on sadly through a variety
of fiiilures. .Samuel Warren apj^ears with an ebullient
TBI ' t his prime successes were great, and most
91'; to till- mncrn'^itie.
Kroni ; i])hant turns, in a sympathetic
manner, t" is domestic life, which was
pro«|>erous, his quiver being full of sons ready to s])eak
mith the Wliigs in the jjate. It is amusing to find 3'oung
Alexander Blackwood, in liondon. congmtulating his sire
oi) " " T of Ixx'khart's oontrihutions
an' -■• in the magazine's "clmracter
for n- :y " (It<2oj. He does not assert a causal
connej.; ;.vi'en these facts. The lad was put through
the routine of the trade from its lowest degrees, " with
a blue bag on h' ' ' l<'r,'*an ordeal unneeded, but never
repined at by r. A young man who cheerfully
carries " heavy l.^iti.'. " through " long visty walks " is the
right and ran- sort of young man. The vast family letters,
though highly creditable to every one concerned, are not
of great general inten'st.
The elder Blai-kwood died in the autumn of 1834.
Lockhart t cdote of his deatlibeil. "He
asked me 1 _ ir." The brief manly page on
Blackwood's chanw-ter (11., 134) was from l/ockhart's ]>en.
No other estimate is needed of a man whose chief foible
was " a sincerity that might be considered rough," and
wl ' ' ' '1 was concfssion to the excesses of
til \Ir.Hlafk\vo<Ki, however, was wholly
of wen' constitutionally " vile," and
th:i- .- ::jured Ixnng in the ancient brawls.
"Oh, professor, you will stand by the boys!" said the
anxious widow to Wilson, who did stand by them with all
of his ec<-entric vigour. John, who finally became his
fe' lid not like the " blue bag " and the
lot. .
Tlie young Blackwoods reject«>d an early work of
Tl - ' -— 's, and other pieces 0840), which they must
h;i -ason to regret. Bmnw<-ll Bronte's verses were
H' m ; he was a mere lioy, and his
lei tiad.at lea.'it, " thetem|MTameiit of
genius." •• i appear to you to be writing with conceited
asaurance " (he thought he could supply the Shepherd's
place), "tirf /am not . . . You have lost an aide
*: " ' " md God grant you niay get one in
!'• " — Bgpfl fifteen. Branwell sent in a
pr. " . S<-fne 1." He also offered
o«t"-j ~ . T, al>out "a wounded
charger vast and white, all wildly ma<l with pain and fear."
jf,, .....;.,.. ^.f^J^ t:iken of the unlucky and undeniably pre-
Cf He was not more alisiinl than Sterling with
It- 1 thirty or forty numlM-rs, on (i(K'the !
< t only a fierce, but a crazy folk. Their
v.- re sten"oty|»ed, and are constantly illustrated
he. . i'he extreme sensitiveness" of (Jeorge Flliot
leavM iUi mark; she e%-en meddh-d with the profound
myttery of advertisements. These a publisher may be
left to understand and manage, while the wise author keeps
his " puzzhnl dissatisfaction " to himself.
The affairs of the Kpigonoi are not of exciting
interest, and there are certainly far too many long
letters which might have b<*en reduced to a few
jiaragrajths. This error has liecome common to all
biograpliers : the letters interest them, are their own
discovery, as it were, and also fill space. But this book,,
like almost everytiiiug of the kind in recent years, would
l)e better if it were terser. Wiint could not be In-ttered is
Mrs. Olijilmnt's short jH^rsonid note, which concludes the
stH-ond volume. Her courage — " absolute foolish courage
in life and Providence " — the melancholy which fate
forced on her, her humour, her tenderness are all here,
and the last lines of her task are worthy of her genius in
its freshest hour. Hers was an example of all manly and
womanly virtues.
The interest of the Memoirs will doubtless revive with
the reign, in the third volume, of Mr. John Blackwood,,
whose literary and social sense was powerful and jKJjjular.
But this volimie will not be from the hand of Mrs.
Oliphant. Her earthly task is done. This ))ortion of it
was well wortli doing, for Blackwood and iiis circle, though
Time has overtaken much <d' their work, lighted and kept
alive a vivid interest in literature, especially among the
young. Many men of letters might repeat the cimfessions
and acknowledgments of a great debt, which are rather
prematurely ofl'eretl by jKior Branwell Bronte.
Outlines of a Philosophy of Religion, based on P.sydio-
\og\ an<l Ui.story. liy AugUSte Sabatier. Authorized
Traiislalion by the Rev. T. A. ^Se(â– <l. Cruwii Svn., xv.-t-:tl.S |tp.
London, 1S07. Hodder and Stoughton. 7/6-
This is, on the whole, a striking book. It does not
profess to be a systematic treatise. In form it consists of
a series of short sections dealing with jMirticular jwints in
the hi.story and philosophy of religion ; but though these
seem at first sight to be wanting in strict connexion, a
certain sequence is obsened in the treatment of the
subject. The Iwok is divided into three jiarts, the
first dealing with religion and its origin, the second with
Christianity and its essence, the thii-d with dogma and its
nature.
The first part contains much that is suggestive and
admirable. Tliroughout his treatment of the jisycho-
logical conditions in which religion finds its origin,
M. .Sabatier writes with the lucidity, candour, and fresh-
ness of a man who has clearly thought out his own jwsi-
tion and who has become conscious of the limitations
under which thought addresses its«'lf to religious jiroblems.
In his endeavour to account for tiie constancy and \)er-
petuity of the ri-ligious sense, the writer betrays his-
de])endence on Pascal. Thus he tells us that religion
bfgins with the unsatisfietl sense of contradiction between
the diild of self-consciousne.ss and the exjK'rience of the
external world, a contradiction leading to th<' recognition
of a third term, in which the two op|M>sites are reconcile<l.
This tenn is "the sense of tiieir common dejxMideiice on
God" (p. 24). So far M. Sabatier's conce]iti(m of religion
apj)ears to Ije that of Schleiermaeher, but he is careful to
correct this impression by ]K)inting out that, in so far as
religion imjilies "a conscious and wille<l relation" between
the soul anil the jmwer on which it fimls itself dejiendent,
a n'lation expressing it.xelf instinctively in the form of
prayer, religion becomes " a movement of liberty " and a
venture of faith. It becomes a free act as well as a feeling
of dejtendence.
October 23, 1897.]
LITERATURE.
13
It iM nei'dlesM to illiiHtmte in detail M. Habfttier'ii point
of view. Tlu' (i])plicnti<iu of ii juircly iM<ycliolo|{ictil or
Oartcxiiin method to tlie ultiiiintt- jiroliieniH of religion
aitiH'urti to liiiH to be the mont hojMiful line of treuttm-nt ill
view of tiie rcHultx of criticiKin and hi.Htorieul n
There are, of course, danf,'erM involved in the t<>"
adherence to this method. There is diiii;;er of the content
of reliijion lieing uudtdy narrowed ; there is the tendency
to subjectivity and arbitrariness in deciding probli-ms of
authenticity. Thus .M. Sabatier tells us that there is only
one criterion 1)V which an authentic revelation may In?
recovjnized. " Kvery divine revelation," he says, " every
religious experience fit to nourish and sustain your soul
must be able to repeat and continue itself as an actual
revelation and an individual e.xi)erience in your own con-
sciousness " (p. G2). That this kind of individualism
leads to occasional arbitrariness in dealing with the records
of revelation was sutticiently manifest in Dr. .Martineau's
Sent of Aittliority. It is not surprising indeed that M.
Sabatier appears to overrate the function and value of
historical criticism in relation to the Christian facts,
and that he lays undue stress ujs^m the right of indi-
vidual judgment (j). 179).
The second and third parts of the book are less satis-
factory, in sjiite of many suggestive and acute remarks.
Christianity is the perfect religion, "the absolute and
final religion of mankind," because it claims to rejjrotluce
in men the consciousness of filial relation to (iod which
was nianifested in Jesus Christ. The third part consists
of an attempt to formulate a theory of religious knowledge ;
but M. Sabatier does little more than jHiint out certain
jKJsitive cliaracteristics of religious knowledge as contrasted
with the " knowledge of Nature." It is, he tells us, sul>-
jective in the sense that it finds its dota within the soul
of man — viz., in the immediate consciousness of relation-
ship to GckI. It is teleological. " Kvery teleological
affirmation respecting the universe is a religious afKrma-
tion " (p. 318), for it passes beyond the domain of mere
scientific investigation. It affirms the sovereignty of
spirit over matter, in which affirmation is implietl an
initial act of faith. Further religious knowledge is
necessarily symbolical owing to the inade<juacy of
language as a vehiclt> of thought.
A certain one-sidedness is apparent in the last two parts
of the book. The writer's view of Protestantism strikes us
as too highly idealized, and his criticism of Catholicism as
somewhat trite and Imrren. The optimistic tone of the
bot)k reaches a climax in the seeming jwradox that " Not
only has Christianity never lieen better unilerstcxx) than in
our own day, but nmer were civilization or the soul of
humanity tnkeu in their entirety more fundamenUdly
Christian" (p. 180). Lastly, it should he notwl that as
a study of Christianity the Iwok does not adei^uately
recognize the fact which gave to the teaching of Jesus its
unique significance and |)ower — viz.. His incomimrable
mond authority. M. Sabatier regards Christ as the
jierfcct iMittern of religion — that is. of filial dejK>ndence,
sufuuission, and trust. " What was there that was so new
and i>otent in the least of his discourses ? The treasure of
His filial consciousness" (p. 161). Had the writer
entered more deeply into the essential characteristics of
Christ as a teacher of mankind, he would probably have
done more justice to those aspects of Catholicism which
he ignores or misjudges.
With these limitations, the book may lie recom-
mended as likely to aid perplexed minds, though it will
not guide them to a just estimate of historic Christianity.
The tiranslation is on the whole excellent, though it is here
and there disfigured by imlecinD*— «.^., " riitoalttie*,"
•• phenomenium, " hienurhiawl,'* " psrallelly."
Ecoent and Coming BcUpMeH. liy Sir Nomum
Lookyer, K < II. lit s. •'i... xn. • urn |.|>. Ixtnlon. 1*7.
Marmlllan aod Go. 6 • n.
It haa nlway-^ in
event of KtTind in , JT
nhnwi UN ttiatone of t)ii> ohioi iluticii of tti' >«r
WM to |)r««lift the cx-curreii' n i.f nu. h a i i . ^uod
that soientirK- exiMxiition* in « to otturre
it, bat that the nation* mi(il.t .". "... • ' ind
penance, to at'ort the wrath to obrio' art
of the pmU. K'i) ' • "f
mora revulled, aivi '•!(
the laiul unawar' of
eliange.ntiil tln'H-" to*
frfim H. y*
boen t<i ^i . >io«
as a tril>ut« to the interoat which 1't< alfain
of tbii inconsiiloralile |ilanet. The s.l , . •••mm
among the leM civilised races. A. recent trarollor d' w,
in the mitlat uf the horrors of the sicgs of Plor-" of
the moon took place, and the Turks " were act iv*
with an ancient sii|>er»titioii when they tired <>ii cvitv avnu.ibia
gtin, Iwlieving that in doing so they would scar« away the
monstrons animal which was eiii!' 'ver
(juocn of ni(;ht." Sir Norman I. in
1871, hia obaervntioiia " woulil Imvo !■• od
imjiosaiblo by tlio amoke of f- : roa fo fr .ajr
Rahu.tho Dragon which i« m; : i :> . > v -wallow-
ing the sun. if there ha<l not i • • n a ■•ti' i.^ :..:i-.- .. -irv and
police present to extinguish them ; and in Kgypt in ! ut
the protection of the soldiers, a crowd of Kgyptiaiis ^ .ire
invaded the camp." As fur as one can make out from history,
the shepherds of the vast Chaldaean plains were the fimt to free
theniAoIvos from this fear of an eclipae, and to calculate ite
approach without emotion. Perhaps the " ' I'ir
superiority lies in the fact thit not oi [«>•
morphic of theologians coulil « U>aS, lUv gods
would take the trouble of ,, 'tin in •'Hrr to
predict the death of a valuable ram or 'ad
lambing season. Yet any one who ha- . •• —
it is a rare experience amongat mo<lern I •<, and
none has been visible in Dritain since 1715— i.i; wonder
that this most striking of celestial phenomena should have
excited awe and even worship in its ! ' ' ' -- at all stages of
the earth's progress. Even the mmlcr; ler. »h<> has done
much to pluck the heart out of the iii.\ ' ■• . i--" iho
glamour of the spectacle. " There, in ::â– ^ed
utterly clo^idloss sky," writes .Sir Norman I><h ', ;«e
of 1871, " shono out the oclipswl sun I a wort ds
and men. There, rigid in the heavens, was what struck orery-
Ixxly as a decoration, one that emperors might fight for : m
thousand times more brillinnt even than the Ktar of India, where
we then were ! a picture of surpassing loveliness, and giving one
the idea of serenity among all the activity that was going on
below : shining with a sheen as of silver essence."
The business of the astronomer, however, does not allow him
much time for contemplation of the weird beauty ' ' : se.
His mind runs chiefly on the fact that the ad-. of
our knowlo<1ge of tl; »\ by auak^gy uf
that of the other .-: measure on the
use he can make ot the two or three minutes during
which, twice or thrice in a decade, the moon veils the in-
tolerable splendour of the solar disc and reveala its atmo-
sphere and apiwndages to the myriad eyes of science at gaze. Into
those few minutes has to bo crowded a quantity of work whoee
very descri]>tion with its tale of highly specialized instniiaente
would appal the untechnical reader, to whom it hardly
14
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
Uwt to mneh eMi poMibly b« doo* daring tho brief duntion of
th* totiJ pbaM of the •elipae. Bran the trkinott obiierver knows
that good reoulU e»n only be obUuned by the mod u&rufully
ocdM«d plan and •yitvmatic drill which leaves no openinf( to
florry, and no time for confuaion. It is t«i this (<nd, with the
•oUr ccliiiee of next January in rivw, that Sir Norman Lockyer,
tiian viioai w« hare no hig' er authority on the subji>ct, has pub-
Miahod tha axoellent volume now Ixtfore us. In it he civea a full
aaeoont, baa*' -'tt,
«t tha alab". . .ns
whieb vara naile by the expeiiitiuti sunt to Numsy t<> study the
ae lip aa of August 9, 1800, as well as many brief liut instruotire
remark* upon the discoveriea made in oitrlior eclipses. He notes,
indeed, " how often it has happeuMl that the chief scientific re-
ault seeured at any eclipse was hanlly tlreamt of by the orga-
niaers of the expedition." liut none the 1e«s it is essential to
have the plan of campaign laboriously thought out beforehand in
arafy detail, and Sir Norman Lockyer's descrii.tion of his adniir-
abla arrangements at Kio in ISiMi ought to bo studied by every
astronomer, amati-ur or profesaional, who pro|>ose8 to be in the
track of the moon's shadow next January. Such students ahould
eapacially nota tha hint that " tinio-saviog devices are of
tba higbeat importance in eclipse work, and too much attention
cannot be given to tliom." It would be idle hero to attempt to
aiunmariae Sir Norman Lockyer's account of the chief ixiints in
aolar pbysica on which, by increasing the dispersive power of his
apactroaeopcs and prismatic camoras. he hopes to (;et fresh light
in January. His own wotds must be rood, as 'hey will Ix; read
wit: V all who take an interest in one of the
m<' ').•» of astronomy. The only fault one can
':e style lacks the polish and even at
ii one is accustomed in the author's
u:: :^-, but that may bo excused in what is not so much a
iri ..'.i^i- OS a collection of practical notes.
Before taking leave of this book, one may call attention to
the very interesting account of the remarkable a|>titude which
tba officers and crew of H.M.S. Volage showe<l for astro-
nomical work at the ecli{>te of 1806. Many astronomers Imve
prariously felt that in such expeditions as that to the Varangor
Fiord "a warship at tine's hack mokes everytliing easy," but it
does not seem to have ocoiirre<l to any one before Sir Norman
Lockyer that its crew ; :i large staff nf observers.
An (■• lii =« is .in .. ■'.isi : i-h useful work can bo done
hy . When Sir Norman asked for volunteers,
be ^ - _......, 'ise as if it liad lieen a tpiestion of cutting
oat a hostile cruiser or boarding a slave-ship. More than 70
Tolnnteers of all ranks were enlisted. (Groups were formed to
akatch the corona, to note the stars visible during totality, to
raeord the colour -changes in the landscape, and to do much similar
work that, whilst iiovful to itcience, was l>eyond the scope of the
astronomer* engaged in more intrirate duties. The training which
went on busily (or some days b«-foro the eclipse proved both
aailora an'l officer* to be apt pupils, and nt least one of the most
delicata instrumenU waa intrusted to their solo care. When the
aelipae had come and gone l)cliind a bank of cloud, Sir Konnan
Lockyer replie«I to the captain's condolences by asaaring him
that a moat im]iurtant di^oovor}- ha»l actually b<!en ma<lo. " He
had damon«tate<l that with the minimum of help, and that chiefly
in tha matter of instruments, •uch a 8kille<l and enthusiastic
ship's cnmjw 1 be formwl in a week into one of the
moat tremen<; astronomical research that the world
haa *Tar aean; so titat ti the elementa had b<>en kind all previoua
raoorda of work at one station would have been beaten."
Whan we raoMmbar what highly-complicated piece* of
machinary our aodarn war»hi|i* are this U-stimony to the ease
with which the crew of the Volago t<Jok U> the manipulation of
dalicata and unfamiliar inst - ' -Ips to show that, in spite
of tha peasiroisU, we hare f. t sort of men in oiu- Navy.
Aa tha abipa hare become idoil cumplicate<l, the men have
grown more ingenioua. And one i* encouraged still to aay
of tha British aailor, aa was said in Armada days, that he baa
not hi* equal anywbara for skill and general haudinoaa.
Are we to go on with Latin 'V^erses ? By the Rev.
Hon. B. Lyttelton, .M.A., llea<l Miuster of HaiU-ybury CoUi'Ke.
t'n>\vn Svu., IWJ pp. London, l.SS)7. Long^mans. 3/6
This little l)ook is a eontio ad e/rrum,anap|)eal by a schoolmaster
to his brethren of the craft to reconsider W-foro "it bo too late
the educational value of an exercise that ia fast disappearing from
the curriculum of our secondary schixils. Latin verse com|>osi-
tion is (ot Oxford at any rate) no longer a niuf i/ud non for col-
lege scholai-ships cr the highest classical honours. The increasing
pressure of subjects for which r<H>m has t<> be found at public
schools involves the gradual crowding; out of tlmse which are m
least demand or are supposed to be merely ornamental. Such
subjects Iwcomo the luxury of a few. The verdict of tlie teach-
ing professiim and of the general public condemns them as a
necessity for the many ; and once condemne<l, to restore them is
ditlicult if not impost'iblo. Mr. I..yttelton, as becomes an Etonian
brought up ujKin a surfeit of Latin elegiacs, inider a system
which used to be irreverently described as giving the tnarimum
of trouble to masters with the niinimt(m of result to boys, makes
a gallant attempt to st«'m the tide. He claims for Latin verse-
writing even in its most elementary stages the credit of an in-
tellectiuil discipline, civin^; sureness of vocabulary, perception of
rhythm, and the genuine siiti.sfaction of overcoming a difficulty,
of visible achievement after effort. The schcKjjboy who after
many searchings of heart and of his " (Jradub " has jirodncod a
line or lines that will scan and have no grammatical fault looks
upon the result, we gather, much as Touchstouo speaks of
Audrey — " a poor virgin, Sir, an ill-favoured thing, but mine
own " ; and this fense of proprietorship and successful effort,
by enlisting the boy's interest in Latin verses, is 8up|>o8ed
to enhance the intellectual profit of the exercise.
With much that Mr. Lyttelton says of Latin vcrse-mnking as
an aid to the imagination and to the correct use of language we
agree ; and it is true that, as he puts it, " a boy who has to trans-
late an English poem mustread it, ' ' and make some effort to under-
stand it. To many of us the most abiding and fruitful result of our
Latin verse coini)osition is the familiarity with miicli good English
poetry. Hut granted that one of the best tests <if proficiency in
a language, dead or living, is a facile an<l idiomatic employment
of it in composition, is not such pnificioncy as well attained, and
more accessibly to the average learner, bv the employment ot
prose '^ Mr. liyttelton says not; and repudiates Latin jirose a*
an educational instrument in comparison with Latin elegiacs —
to which, by the way, he seems to confino Latin versification,
almost ignoring the ranch higher branch (as wo should call it) of
hexameter ver.ie. But Mr. Lyttelton's view of the whole question
is, we cannot help thinking, somewhat narrowed by his educa-
tional environment — by old Eton suiwrstitions of constant Latin
elegiacs as the best educational instrument, and bv the Cam-
bridge tendency to ignore, as comi)ared with O.\for<i scholars,
the great value of Lotin prose composition — an exercise (to quote
the words of a great teacher thereof) " so absolutely intolerant
of imperfect knowledge, such a stem touchstone of obscure
thought or superficial work." Mr. Lyttelton. wo fear, will not
roll up the stone of Sisyphus, or sweep back the sea. Things
have gone too far for that. Hut if he helps to preserve for good
scholars a graceful accomplisiiiiicnt, and (wo would add) one of
the purest of intellectual i)leusures for tliose who ore able to
enjoy it, bis book will have done service, though not exactly in
the way he hoped.
As a practical appendix, Mr. Lyttelton prints nineteen Latin
elegiac versions of a smoothly iUmiiig but rather vague poem of
O. \V. Holmes, full of loose mi'taphors. the grappling with which
has Iwen the chM difficulty of translation — Latin, as is well
known, being much les.s tolerant of metaphor than English. Mr.
Lyttelton pleads— ahd some of those translators agree with him
— for a more liberal use of metaphor in I,atin. Hut of these
versions the most suoceBsful, in our opinion, are those in which
its use ha« been restrict)-d. Take, for example, the metaphor
*' Time's grey urn " in the ojieniiig lines :
Y«, lifHT de|iart<nl rhiTJalipil <l«y«,
CouM Mctii.iry'n hnml rmtorc
Your tnoniinp lljhl . vmir •'%'«>ninK rays,
Kr "â– : tice more.
Such renderings : uma, aetnt iritliii ut urrui,
rftuii iirlntif vitin, ... , , ,,,1 this ^ "grey"?), r/rariji
i/ifi'i, and the like, are unnatural and unmeaning, u translation
of i'lniil'tm ;«i iiunhru I'rofessor .lobb, whoso fine taste for
•cholnrship k .-liko in Latin ns in (ircek, thus renders
it, simply but \y, in what strikes u* as the best of these
versions : —
Tempom prif*<Titn<- p^nit-i" delectji iuventae,
O â– ! " \ri' iiiilii.
f?i ill' viHre *fpu]to
QUU'l 1 lnr>lllljrtt llfl1>At.
October 23, 181)7.]
LITERATURE.
15
Wlint the avorftfje 15-yt.ar-<)l(l «ohool-l>oy woiilil make ■)( »ii. !.
a i>««»unii »o sliuilUnr t<. tliink. Mr. Lyttolton can hurdly int«.i..l
it iiH n aiioriiiieii of whiit >li<>iil(l bo put before him aa ao edaua-
tiuiml inatnnnuiit.
Siom on the Meinam, from tho Otilf to Avuthln.
toKi'llicr Willi 'Ihrcc ItiniiJinii-M illiiNlnttivi'
/mil Custoiiis. Uy Maxwell Sommervllle, I
toloKy, lliiivui-Mily of I'i'iiii.sylvaiiiii. Willi .,\ nm.'
Loiulou, 1««7. Sampson Low, Mi
A book ontitlod " Uruut llritaiii on thu Thames
Nore to I'ntnuy-briilgi)," coiiipiltxt liv an amiablu ami <
gentleman from China, unaccinaintoil with thu Knfjliiih :
or with \Vostl^rn thonglit, wimld hunlly bo expoctol t"
very rtilinblo nccmint d the Hritish ImU-s, «r of tli i,f
thuir inlmbituiitH, uvun though it iiliouUi bu ohm ii*-
tnito<l with photofjrapliB fioni noif^hl" r . s, and
ombellishod with ii littlu piiljin Kuf^lith • ,lly. In
the saiuu way Mr. Mn-xwell 8oinmorvillo'» ,^ ,. ^ i.im nnist
not l)o oxpoctod to l>o nthciwiso than a oi>lli'rti..n of v.ry riU;,'li
impressionR. Mr. Soinmorvillo diil u ciTtuin iiiiuibor df llm
Biglitti of nans;kok, iind went fifty inilus up rivor in a paKsoii^jt.r
Btoanior to tho " jungle " of the old uapitid, Ayiithiii, wliuro ho
spent at least a day. In tho short time ho was able to dovoto to
tho sul)joet<)f luH book ho certainly unod his considerublu pnwora
of observation with od'oet, and the scenes of nativo groupiii);*, aa
they present themselves in tho every-day life of tho city and the
rivor, are ;;iven not without some liveliness and evident apprn-
cialion. As a Kuide-book to the ba/.aars and H'aU xt iiangkok,
Mr. Somniorvillo's work may rank with Carl lk)ck'8 and Frank
Vincent's. More than this wo cannot say. Tho book is hastily
written, the information is inaccurate, tho grammar is often
faulty, and tho style is poor. The nativo words and names are
apelt wiih no rej^ard to systum, and there i.i nothing in the
volumo which may not bo found fur better considered in tho
works of I'ldlegoix, Crawfurd, Howring, and many othein. Tho
illustrations are from j)hot<i);raphs, most of which are familiar to
Bangkok residents, and many of which are so charming that they
go a long way towards redeeming the book A large proportion,
however, are not Siamese at all, but arc Malay, Shan, ami
Burmese, and many are given fancy titles by the author which
rob tliem of muoli of their value.
With regard to the " original romancea " at tho end of the
book, intonilc^l, as tho author informs us, to illustrate " phases
in Siamese life and customs, combined with the history of
tho river Meinam and of the people of tho northern pro-
vinces " which they " aro intended to portray,"' we can only
remark that they fail completely in their object. The idea
would bo an ambitious one even for a careful and experieniHid
studont of the Kast and of Indo-China ; carried out a.s it h.as
been it amounts almost to u prartical joke. Tho hero, the
viceroy of a largo province, travels across country alone, with
three servants, on mules, maintaining u pace of twonty-tlirce
miles a day for many hundred miles ; tho envoys of tlio King
aro made to travel tliirty-six miles a day at least when thoy go
abroad ; Muang I'imai, a juiiglo village in the Kor.: .is
illustrated by photographs of Bangkok. It is not to
say more to show that the stories are valueless as imi' tr iiions
of the life of tho country ; nor, unfortunately, are they Tory
interesting.
The character of tho book is well illustrated by tho map
whicli forms the frontispiece. A largo proportion "'f tin. imnies
are wrongly spelt. A roil line, designated *' tli. - of
Laos," separates the northern Lao States of (. i md
Nan, both of which aro in reality inhabited by tho same race
of Lao, and also cuts the Korat plateau into two parts, althoui;h
the Lao extend south of it for noarly three degre«»s of latitade.
Inter alia, tho I'ichai river is calletl the Nam t'at ; the import-
ant towns of richai and Nan are omitted altogether ; ami two
high roads are marked as extending across tho country in a
N.N.W. diroction to tho Salwin from tho neighlxmrhood of
Paknam Po. Those are apparently designed to illostrnte the
very " original romance " at the end of " the book ; thoy have
no existence in fact. Below is the inscription — " The most
recent and eompreheusivo J!ap of the Interior of Siam." Wo
wonder if this joke will go down in .\merica ? No one in this
country aui]uainted with the many surveys which have l>een
made in the Meinam valley or with tho maps of Pavio and
McCarthy, or the publications based on these which have from
time, to time been published by the Riiyal Geographical Society,
can be askotl to treat it seriously.
Tho author a))|>ears to have approached his task with a leTity
and lack of industry and study which, in literature at all event*,
seem somewhat out of place.
som
The Barth '
0)x&in., Ul pp. I
Lyrlcii. Hv
llo-lon ; C
MINOR POBTS.
ulhtrr
aimI
n.
PiM>ui». Hy
John Lane.
A. B.
aon.
.. ..a L<ane.
4 en.
Mlnusoula. Lyrica of Naturs, Art, and how. Uy
BVanola WUllam BourdUlon. 0-4iin.. 112 pp. I.<.ndon.
IMn. Lawrence and Bullen. Ltd. 6 •
Our
sri iinw.
hmj^ p">e'ii Ih.it " t' "
for them. Purlinpi i
public is not for ti.v kh^;
acciue uur ndnor poota ot
are of the .!â– ... "...-> ,o mm-
" Volumo " .. . them
aro tho lyn ' I"
snatcht'S, hke the 'â–
is still." But h'
birdlike in the !
brief though it
apprehonnion of thu t<ii;s •.:
" Th'< ^j^rth Ilr..iab.'
chn'
of 1
attr
â– h'
it w.- - . •...
of study. But hia style i
Hanil"'\>iot ""\ 1" ' " '
eX] r
ma;
posed to deviate into i <
of the little poem •' Ti.
The hett\'
Ki>ndle w.
A now ei!
What is r
!â–
rilo
'•r
1 .
u n<.t
at tiia
â– *n
oa
rm
<>.
in
•>u
ia
*•/
.lul
u.
rMpondinjT Mitin-ty tn thn
nta
rial
if
n
y
He
BTor flies
-â– ' SODlu l!p.l-
ave rcacbetl
v.. .. ,...„.
Mr. .i ...
vidiiality. His litt
a «<•(■■•"' i..1iii .11
til.;, ,.«
stun , <>r
piquant it may be, or of a | ha
" *|natrain," which is 8<j ooiu! >c,
or encomiastic, becomes in Mr. Tubb haiidii au <.-}ktf«ui«ly
gnu'ufnl poem. " Tho Mid-Day Moon " ia a cbarming
example : —
Behold, whatever wind prerail.
S' • .1-
'I ^
i ii I 1 1' 'ii'. I , I '111 :i
Again, in this quatrain oi
conceit ; —
we haT* a prat^
It iH
• 6vo " i
mctiical ii i m lua--
Not all of tlioAu t|Ualtiiiii!i,
tho l)ook, srp s" ni'atlv lurni'<l
Mr. i
proviou.s
addition ot j-ouio in
alli>vre<l his sieve to
have almost every deiii i mr.i.
third esi>«cially —
Now IV**''> ^1." '>"ni*<'r ,<.nT- f..t-.T^* fl..^n
And
is a monuni,
that Mr
classed :i-
A clearer bhelley*i< who tl
could not 1«. tHldlv ii
" Joy's Way " — ia tho frosl •
that is new in the book. I
songa are extreme' ana " ul :n :â–
reputation as a « both with n.
song.
I'iich I't vihiuh adoma a pa^ of
a** tbeM».
I
cb
an it he
.1 t
ra
all
ai
iiiiiin'a
vera of
16
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
dillhitc Doi:i5C5.
Where run your eolta at patture t
\fTtfre hide your vnaret to breed t
'Mid bergs a^inst the Ice-cap
Or wove Sargossa weed ;
By lightleiis reef and channel,
Or craftjr coastwise bars.
But most the deep-sea meadows
All purjJe to the stars.
W%o holds the rein upon you T
The latest gale let free.
Mliai meal i« in your mangers ?
The glut of all the sea.
Twixt tide and tide's returning
Great store of newly dead, —
The bones of those that faced us.
And the hearts of those that fled.
Alar, off-shore and single,
Some stallion, rearing swift,
Neighs hungry for new fodder.
And calls us to the drift.
Then down the cloven ridges —
Ten million hooves unshod —
Break forth the wild white horses
To seek their meat from God I
Girth-deep in hisaing water
Our furious vanguard strains —
Through mist of mighty tramplings
Roll up the fore-lilown manes —
A hundred leagues to leeward,
Ere yet the deep hath stirred.
The groaning rollers carry
The coming of the herd !
Whote hand may grip your noslrila —
Your fordock who may hold t
E'en they that use the broads with us
Tlie riders bred and hold.
That s])y ufion our matings
That rope as where we run —
They know the wild white horses
?*rom father unto «on.
We breathe about their cradles.
We race their babes ashore,
We snuff against their thresholds.
We nuzzle at their door —
By day with stamping coursers,
By night in whinnying droves.
Creep up the wild wliite horses.
To call them from tlieir loves.
And come they for your calling f
No wit of man may save.
They hear the wild white horses
Above their ftitlicrs' grave ;
And, kin of those we crippled
And sons of those we slew.
Spur down the wild white riders
To lash the herds anew,
H7(/t< service have ye paid tfiem,
Oh jealous sti^eds and strong ?
iSave we that throw their weaklings.
Is none dare work them wrong.
While thick around the homestead
Our grey-backed s(|uadron8 graze —
A guard behind their plunder.
And a veil before their ways.
Witli march and countermarchings —
With press of wheeling hosts —
Stray mob or bands eml)attled—
We ring the chosen coasts :
And, careless of our clamour
That bids the stranger fly,
At peace within our pickets
The wild white riders lie.
Trust ye the curdled hollows —
Trust ye the gathering wind —
Trust ye the moaning groundHwell—
Our herds are close Ix-hind !
To mill j'our foemnn's armies —
To bray his camps abroad —
Trust ye the wild white horses
The Horses of the Ixjrd !
|0>»rrt(kL U*r bf R<adf»d KI»Unt.
RUDYARD KIPLING.
October 23, 1897.]
LITERATURE.
17
Hinono iii^ Boohs.
A COLIiOQUY OX CRITICISM.
Tliore iM,a)x)»it this we are pretty well certnin, nothinf;
more unenriifoi-tahlc and rlisqiiifting to the onlinnrv good
fellow — and unless ymi adopt a Ntundanl of excellence no
hi;;h as must damn the whole British Empire most of the
sons of Aflam are j^o(mI fellows — than to find himtielf at
loggerheads with his neighlwur al>uut anything.
The ])eople who love to differ are the minority — they
may he found, no doulit, if not in every hamlet, certainly
in every townshiji, hut for all that they are the minority
and only distantly resemble the kiiuUy hosts who love host
those songs which have a chorus in which all can join.
As a proof of this I would instance the unhappiness of
finding yourself positively disliking and despising some
book written, it may be, by an a((|uaintance, which is
enjoying great jwpularity. To take it up only to find
its " jMithos " repulsive, its " humour " disheartening, its
" merriment " offensive, and then laying it down with a
groan to read, or, worse still, to lie told by some honest
fellow, of its strange power, its dramatic grip, its enormous
sale. All this is sheer agony. The ordinary sorrows of
life, however crushing, are shared with humanity. Tombs
and monuments remind you of other men's bereavements ;
— the list of bankru])ts gives you a feeling of kinship with
half the town ; but this inability to enjoy what apparently
all the world is enjoying is intolerable.
It is no use saying de jiistlhun, &e. In the first
place it is not true. Burke long ago jxjinted out in his
Treatise on the Sublime and Beautiful that mankind are
more generally agreed about Virgil than they are aliout
Aristotle. These things cut very deep into life. Were
jou to be condenmed to spend three months at sea in a
small cabin with a stranger with what easy comjxisure
would you hear him, the first night, declare himself a
Hobbist, but how would j'our heart sink within you were
he to aver that he never could see anything funny in
" Pickwick " ! It is a very serious thing to ditfer nidically
on a ([uestion of taste.
And so it comes about that the life of a Critic in these
times is well nigh intolerable, and, indeed, it is not with-
out emotion — genuine emotion — that to-day I see launched
a new critical adventure. It makes a brave apjM-arance
as it pushes otf, friends wave their handkerchiefs, the
captain is on the upper-deck, the crew (well-tanned
veterans some of them) wave their new quills — it is
indeed a gallant sight ! Yes — but look ahead to the sea
where the ship must go, to the far off ocean, whose vast
tides jMint dumbly passionate with dreams of all the Ixwks,
as yet unwritten, whicli Literature must review, and of the
authors, jiassionate but not dumb, whom we shall, if we
do our duty, most grievously offend. Duty .' the word
instantly arrests one, just as did the word '* delicacy" the
great Journalist in Frii^ndship^s Oarland, " Delicacy,"
he murmured. •' surely I have heard the word, in the old
days before I learnt to call llepworth Dixon's style lithe
and »in»<wy and Ix-fore i«vit I wrote for thin curnMl [wppr."
So at the wonl " Duty," I xtand at attrntion. What are
the dutini of a Critic ?
No dooner i« the ijueMtion njik)-d tlian t«Mn|>«'nnnent
utefM in and makes everj-thing difficult. ' ' ' •■tn-
I>erament leadu him to magnify hiit ol! to
minimize it. Pom|M>iiity In tlie UiM-tting nn of the one.
cynicism of the other. Of the two Mr. Cynic i* the mor»
agreeable while Mr. I'omiio«ity do*^ the leaitt harm. It
is to avoid " glatutes " and to wee thingit with the
nak. .. . ...
Can it l)e Haid that to ri>view new book* tM they
appear is a ]iublic duty? The fiu-t that it i
privately proven nothing. Until 1870, in 1....,
duty of educating the young wiui diiicharged by the Hritinh
and Foreign School .Sx-iety and the National S<K-iety,
whilst for many a long day the duties of nurxing the |ioor
and visiting prison* were left to individual charity. The
maintenance of the Fine Arts is, after a lieggarly fajihirm,
recognized by the State, and there are those who «erioU»ly
advocate a National Theatre. Ouglit Criticism to be esta-
blished and eiidowe<l ? Sluiuld t ' ; with a
Litenu-y sup]ilemeut ? t)n the w.. . . . it.
But if Criticism is a matter of private enterjirise it
should be unil t. The famouji
motto of the L , !. . .uis too much. A
Judge is not self-elected, neither does he chooae hia
calendar and condemn whom he wills. T'
secutes, the jury convicts, the Judge -•
Brougham, if it wan liord Brougham, owed no duty to the
public to ridicule John Keats in the K<l'
Ijidy K;istlake had no better right to -
Bronte in the Quarterly Review than has any evil-tongued
woman to revile her neighliour in the mjii"
The duties of a Critic are those of a iiftsman
who takes money in exchange for an article of his inana-
factun-. He must do his Itest to learn h' iid,
having learnt it, to go about it diligently u 'ly,
and in a spirit of humanity. He must avoid the error of
imagining his opinion to be a j;'
entitled, if his criticism Ih' printi ^ „
it as if it were of no moment whatever.
Critics an> sometimes accusefl of for i- \ni\>-
licity, the almost awful publicity, of tlu , ^ rrt<>,
and of scattering abroad in the lightnef^ of their hearts all
kinds of winged wonls ancl ]>oi.'»on«Hl arrows. 1'- y?
You have only to compare the trenchant am; .. ..;iist
valuable criticism you hear at a dinner table with
the tame, ema-sculated uttenmces of the Press to realize
how iMiralyzing is publicity and how imftosnible it
is to say in print what you may utter with per-
fect propriety in pri\-nte. NoNxly ' ' ' "v assert
that harshness or brutality is a chai j.rcsent-
day criticism. Whether it be wise or foolish, important
or insi '. it is at least good-natured. B<H)ks are
lilx-ralr ;tere<l with praise, and the rarest gifts of
the gods are affected to be bestowed upon writers of the
most humble endowments. F' ' ' - eaaily
kindled. Nobodv, as I have alrt.; » differ
18
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
with hi« neijjhbour, lewt of all to make his diflVn^nces
T ' ' •• " ' tie and let the world go by " is ft maxim
. one very generally obsen'ed by wise men.
Bat how is the jjoor critic to olwerve it ? A iwpular
nov. ' -ular volume of theology, and a jjopular ]K>et
an- i for review. He reads, and as he rejuls his
gorge rises. They are, so, at leaat, the unhapjjy writer con-
ceives, . -' fiction, religion, jKx^try ought not
to be ; V. H' niiturol is forctnl, what should be
devout is vulgar, what should he felicitous is ill-expresswl ;
grace, dignity, delicacy, charm — of no one of these (juali-
ties is there so much as a trace. Of course, the reviewer
may be mistaken. But, if he is, his whole outlook ujwn
this world is mistaken ; all that is alwut him is mistaken ;
his library is all wrong; every estimate he has formed,
every lesson he has learnt is all wrong — everj'thing is
.... ;.-.i ,,, ix)oks lieanvthing but the ixwr trash
im they are. But is he to say so?
The novelist is • friend of his wife's sister, the
divine and the ]«•<■> m.- club acfjuaintances of his own.
He cannot say what he really thinks of tlieir i)roduction8
— their " work," as they love to call their lucubrations.
Unable to say what he thinks, he proceeds to say as little
as he can aU)ut the books before him, and to fill up his
apace with general reflections, which are deprived of all
\-aIue liecause the writer does not apjjly them fearlessly to
the matter in hand. Tlie result is deplorable.
AUGUSTINE BIRRBLL.
up: '
hi>
FICTION.
St. Ives: H<MiiK till- Advent iin-N of II Fi-ench Prisoner in
EnKlnixl. Hy Robert Louis Stevenson. ChapU'rs xxxi.-
xxsvi. by Mr. Quiller Couch. 7i>:5.1in. .1I2 iip. I»ndon,
VSBfi. Heinemann. 6-
Thi» poiithumnas romance of Mr. Stevenson will liardly take
rank with hii ittronfjest work : but it has all tliat charm of the
intensely characteristic, which, in the case of any writer of
dseply-marked and attractive individuality, renders the reader
almost onconsciuus of defects. With the author of " St. Ives,"
ind«c<I. ttiL-y are so essentially the defects inseparable from
" f ' that it is hanlly i>ogsibl» even to wish them away.
Tl.. thf^r^ " .Adventures of a French Prisoner in
En,.' "De's admiration for the unflag,:ing
spirit . te Anne de .St. Yvos rclaten them, one
IS cnntinusl 'K-<1 of the singularly loose thread of
plot on wbicii .... LToat'ir has strung them together. .\nd
the picturaaquo rigour with which the French prisoner himself is
d«lill«at«d only serves tw render more conspicuous the sketchy,
not to say shadowy, dmftsmaniihip which is all that Stevenson
haacarwl Ut bestow on Flora Gilchrist, one of many heroines so
trsatad by him, or rather, one miirht nay, the subject of a
tr«stroont « ' Catriona can be
•aid to hat There are indeed
timas whan ut aiul > '>i this very vaguely
aduiii^rat'il u.iti Iv 1 ri'il, sharftlv oiitline<l,
••>' 111 almost feel ax if we
w«: .......... .. :... . .1. .eas and thexliodoof his
wifa. Until tba Vic' m actually embracing Flora
throa^b tb« op«n cott .« lo that very prettv Jove scene
ia tb* rain, «• can h.i <'v« that nha will not elude her
lovw's claap, aa th« ghosiiy urensa aluded bar husband's, jtar
Imibiu fCiUts, totnerique limittima tomno.
To thass oontraata, bowaror, between haroas of " thraa
dimensions " and homines who represent merely a plane super-
licies, all good Stovensonians are by this time well aocuHtomed,
having, indeed, been moHtly disciplined into submii<siou to them,
if the truth nuiybe whixperetl »<i/r<i rftrimdii, by no loss o master
than Sir Walter himself. Inured, too, they are to the loose-
jointud narrative, and to that slow evolution of plot which ia
only emphasized by the briskness in the succession of incidents.
All these things, as bas l>een said, have the charm of the charac-
teristic. Thoy are " Stevenson all over." In this last novel of
his they are more than usually in eviilencu, though as easy to
forgive as over. For instance, there is really very littlo reason,
on the face of matters, why the whole story should not ci)me to
a premature close with the escape of St. Ivcs from Edinburgh
Castle. There is, at any rate, no reason, excei)t a Stoven-
Bonian one, for his prolonged ond harebrained tramp
over a large portion of Great Britain with a hostile kins-
man ot his heels and a price on his he*d. Every well-wisher
whom he meets with, from the girl whom he loves down to the
family 8oIicit<ir, deplores his obstinacy and rashness, and plies
him with argument* for an immediate flight to France which a
candid reader recognizes a.s unansworablo while he rejoices that
they were disregarded. For the consequence of this disregard is
that we accompany the escaped prisoner through a succession
of the most stirring adventures, as ingeniously invented and as
brilliantly narrated as anything we have had from their lamented
inventor and narrator since he carried us breathless, with David
lialfour and Alan Breck Stewart, throufih the stirring pages of
" Kidnapped."
Apart, moreover, from the excellence of the story-telling,
the fortune of the romance would be made by the masterly
portraiture of its hero, who ranks high in our opinion among
Stevenson's nio.st 8ucces.-.ful studies of character. Never, perhaps,
have the fascination and the foibles of the typical Frenchman
boon studied with such humorous insight, or hit off with such
easy felicity of touch. To compare it with the " Brigadier
Gerard " of Mr. Conan Doyle would of itself bo no light praise,
as all who are familiar with that brilliant little piece ot portrait
painting will admit. But the later of the two heroes has in
more than one resjioct the advantage of the earlier. There is
the same foathor-lioaded courage, the same invincible cheerful-
ness, the same gallantry, gaiety, vanity, nairete, in tbft
one as in the other, but Stevenson's horo is tbo
finer by certain superiorities which he wouhl naturally
and of right possess and also by certain ipialities
which were the gift to him of his literary creator,
and which have no doubt intentionally been le.''t out of
Mr. Doyle's creation. The Vicomte is a polished gentle-
man, which can hardly be said of the worthy Brigadier, and
he indulges in a delightful cmdiuir of. self-criticism, of which
that other efpially high-spirited but still slightly woodon-headed
soldier of the Empire would huve been wholly iiicapalile.
Mr. Stevenson's hero in fact is, through and through, an
adventurer after Dumas' own heart, as dashing as D'Artagnan,
as chivalrous as Athos, as amorous as .^ramis, as
genial and jovial, if, of course, not quite so muscular, as
Porthos; and we follow bim through the whole series of his
enterprises by floml ond field, and even by air, for ho finally
gives his enemies the slip in a balloon, with unflagging interest.
The dialogue is of Stevenson's Ix'st, for in a certain sentcntious-
ness of humour indeed it often recalls some of the ijuaintcst
cidlo.piies in the " Now Arabian Nights," and pjiticularly in
that most fantastically droll among the stories in that v<dumo,
" TheKajah's iJiomond." Excellent too is tho picture of Old
E<linburgh, and of the works and ways of tho French prisoners on
itsCostle rock; whileforeraostainong i>assagesof tlielattor kind ia
the description of the fatalduol with scissors Wtween the hero
and the ruflianly but staunchly loyal Goguelat. "You have
given me the key of the fields, comrade. Snn* raneune," said
the follow when he had got his mortal wound. And Victor Hugo
himself, at his best in " Les Miserables," would not have dis-
daina<l to sign this passage, in which tho dying man, who haa
firmly refused to give up the name of bis slayer, bids him final
October 23, 1897.]
LITERATURE.
19
farewell, with the nsHurance that be will carry the tuerot with
him tu thu gruvo : —
Hunl l>y ill a little boil lay Oogimlat. Tli« nunburn hail ii-«t
yotfiiilud from liia iucv, and the iitaiii|> o( doath waii alrua4ly
thuro. Tliuio was somothiiig wilii and iiiitiiunniali in his siiiilo
that timk mo l>ytho throat ; only duutli niul Im-o havu over so«'n
it. And wbun liu ipoko it i>nly ito<!iiu<<l to itliame his conrsv t^lk.
H«) hold oiit hin uriiw at it t" oinlirm'O nut. I drew iii<ar with
iiiorodible Nhriiikiiigii, and HiirrundurtMl inyii«lf to hi* anna with
ovurwhelmiiig diHguot. hut he only drow my ear down to his
lips -
•• Trust mo," he whispered, " I'll take it to hell with me
«nd toll thu duvil."
A wonl of cninmuiidation inu.st bo added on the work of Mr.
<juiller Couch, to whom was intrustvd what Mr. 8t«.'vuniioD's
literary exi'cutor rijjlitly calls " thu ddicato tu»k " of supplying
thoao concluding chaptors of tlin romance which thu author, who
had toniporarily laid aside " St. Ives " to tako up " Weir of
Hermiston," did not live to write. To du.scribe the style
adopted by thu continuator as an imitation of Stuvoiison's would
bo iioitliur correct nor, in our judgiiiunt, complimuntary ; since,
the real authoraliip of these chapters Ijuiiig known, it would be
the reverse of pleasing to thu judicious reader to have his atten-
tion continually solicited by ony duliU'rate and obtrusive
mimicry of thu original. All that was really wanted was moroly
to spara him distniotion from the exactly oiipf)site caumi, or, in
othur word.s, to maintain such a general conformity with
the Stoveiisonian spirit and niannur as to prevent the reader
from being conscious of any abrujit break in the style of
the narrative. This condition Mr. t,>uilU>r Couch's continua-
tion quite satisfactorily fultils. In cases of this kind there will
always bo those who think that " the unfinished window in
Aladdin's tower unfinished should remain " ; but assuredly nono
«vun of those objectors can in this instance complain that there
is anything in the urchJtooturo or tracery of thu ooiiipluted
window to oflend the artistic eye.
What Maisie Knew.
Ijondoii, LSiW.
By Henry James. Hvo.. :«>» pj).
Heinemann. 6;-
Mr. James's other works must boar the burden of " What
Maiaio Knew," for this is hardly a book to enhance his great
reputation. There are, of course, almost as many ways of writ-
ing a novel ns of " constructing tribal lays," nnd for tlint reason
we sliiiuld hesitate to ONpres.s a sweeping opinion on the merits
and <lomerits of the Iwok. Besides, it is well understood in
these days that a modem novel may dispense w^ith a great part
of the machinery, and many of the virtues, that nred to be
thought necessary. Plot, incident, humour itself, is superfluous
if only the author be sufticiently expert in portroit-painting and
analysis. Mr. James himself is a proof of this. " What Maisie
Know " is not amusing, not exciting, not lii;m<rous: it bns little
or no plot : it neither cheers nor inebriates ; and j-ot it is worth
reading. The reader, we know, will not expect ordinary novels
from Mr. James, or find fault with him booauso his qualities are
not those of other writers. His work has never been in the
least degree commonplace ; he has had his sjiecial public, and
has been content to appeal only to educate<1 people.
But, as even a highly eduoate<l palate sometimes longs
for plain fare, so the most fastidious lover of fiction may
prefer something just a shade wholesomer than this particular
book. The plain truth is that wo do not like the atmosphere of
the Divorce Court, and pant for the breath of fresh air which
comes, in a vogue and inferential manner, in the very last page.
From cover to cover one is bewildered by the complicate*! and
promiscuous immorality of the characters, and by the unpleasant
situations which the author elaborates and analyzes. The threail
of the stor}- is tolerably simple. l)ealo and Ida Farange,
Maisio's father and mother, are divorced, both being oquolly
guilty, and the child spends alternate half-years with each of
them. It need not bo said that they hate each other
heartily. In each of the hostile camps a governess is found
for MabU, • young govariMM by bar fatlMr, an akUrljr onm
by her motbar. liar fatb«r then warriaa th* ycani; s<>veni«aa,
while hor mothor niamos Hir C'lauiU. All th« mun ax* band-
■omo, and, except the uld»rly gorurnaas, notta u( tli« womao ara
virtuous. TliBm marnagas, Uwrokm, turn out aa badly aa tb«
original Farange allianca. Maiaio 's uwn (laranta f» (rum bail io
won«, ami a tiai«' ' ia,
betW4M*n Ura, >â– . â– >'(
attcond wife
{•art-nta, is til
Thora is no blinking tlio fact that this ia about as unpromia-
ing a story aa could well be invontad. Indaod, with the wboU
field of human como<ly bafore bim, one faila to *•• wby Mr.
James shouhl insist on taking i.^ '^ ti this alough of
immorality. It is true that be way thrvuKb it
with extreme delirary, but it is a coac of corrupt
all the same, and it may l« d>>iibt«xl wbHh^r • -
greatest artist is justi' ui
design and otitliTiK. I tho
picture, it m
not the objc i; , - - , , -.- . - nt
child Maisie herself and her governess Mra. Wix. It is ' ' i ' > >
that Mr. Jamed has expende<l most of his akill. Maio.t-, »!•••
was in a position to know a good many ttrange things, raniaina
charming and childlike in ' ' '
Hor natural cuardians hav,
a glimin .il sense ul i 'hs.
Wix to .do an>l her s ide,
except thai he is tarred willi i brusli ••
the others, ia quite an a^'reeablo j • Mrs. Wix,
however, is the Iwst-drawn character in the book, and ia
thoroughly human and lift like. Wu have said that tho book
is not humorous, and humorous in any large sause of the
word it certainly ia not. But there are fr '• ' • • ■• r<ins
touches in it which go far to light up the ur: a of
the narrative, and these have the distinct ' ' '>od
writing. The early description of Mrs. t.d,
with her poor appearance and poor • : e"-.-
ing— a lady, reo enough to Mr. •,:-•-
laughe<l at and then endowed with cuuraga buii »(
character, so that flu- triumpha at last by ral
superiority. Ida too, Mr. Farango's firat wife and,
BO to speak, Mai ._ ....i mother, " was a person who, when
she was out — and she was always out— produced ovcrywhero
a sense of having been seen often, tlio sense, imleecl, of a kind
of abuse of Tisibility, so that it aoiild have l>ecn, in th«
usual places, rather vulgar to wonder at her." On : " I'Ut
only on reflection, one knows thut kind of ladv, au ./ea
tho aubtle truth of the ' »t;
the only thing is tlin: ha
has found thu secret of mai> ire
sotting. I*erh:ip;t wo may . .eaa
and of expri- tax tho
reader's intei , . -,. i "t b«
quoted, but it would bo uncrocious to do so. '! ird
reading and, we should imagine, not c*sy writing. ••■,<, ii..n ia
more or less true of the whole book. It is a aoriotts study, and
the reader who does not mean to study it had batter leara it
alone.
Jerome : .\ Poor Man. By Mary B. 'Wilklns. Cr. 8vo..
500 pp. Ixndoii and New York, IM»7. Harpers, ft'-
This novol will do mueh tr> increase in this c^riTifnr the
who has, chi .;h
•< ear of a di .ng
circle of readers, i. .s deacribe a novel aa a
" pretty " one, and th hungers for the stronger
meat of tho " new fiction " is too apt to make a mental note of
such a book aa one to be avoided. Miss Wilkina's novels are
" pretty," but they represent tho glorification of prettineaa.
20
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
Har okBTM MltuiU of no f^>u rMlitm ; her pietnrM are idyllic,
eonpomdad of pore deli<»t« tints and graceful harmonio* of
•olow. Thejr apeak of lore and uf aorrow ; but tlie love haa
Bolhil^ to do with illicit paaaion or tl)e problem of aox, and the
d i T tH i makM its :. : >! human pity without brand-
iag ita mark up<': iron. The world deacribod
ia • aaaall on«, but it u lookud u|M>n with a very kindly eye, and
ita mot* gloomy phaaea are uatxl only aa a contraat to thi«o
wiueh M* happy and agrakablo. \Vi< arc, imltHxl, inclined to
•ak whathar this New Kngland rillage of Cpham can n^ally i-xist
•ajwbere bat in the world of romance ? These hunioly maidens
wbo are ready to giro up all for love, theao toiling villagers who
hare nerer heard of Silrerism or of " Coins Financial School,"
thaaa mstio gentry with their aooostral homes, high breeding,
and gaatla ways— do they really hail from the States, do they
rote, do they raa4i their Xetr Yurk Utmld ? We can only reply
that Miaa Wilkina lives, we believe, not far from lioston, that
aba daaeribea the life around her, and that Uostouians are de-
ligfatad with her novels. At any rato. the setting nf her story is
a highly picturesque one, and for Englihh readers it gains some-
thing from the fact that life in an American village is in certain
reapaeta mure like our own than life in an American city.
"Jerome " belongs to the class of novel which may be de-
aeribed as biographical. It starts with the hero at the age of
thirtaan, and leaves him happily married and settled. Tliis
kind of story labours under some disadvantages. It docs not
lend itaelf V) a dramatic arrangement of events, and it almost
always anggests the same motif, a struggle upwards, like that of
David Grieve, in social i>osition or in character, or in hutli.
Circumstances, however, force Jerome to take his place rather
prematurely among those whom children of his age speak of as
" ;• ^ " ; and a okilful handling of the dnimatis per-
$o.. . .ertain unity to the plot. Jerome Edwards, his sister
Klmira, and their mother, are left in crinding poverty liy the
head of the family, «nd make a hard fight of it for a living. But
the main interest of the story does not arise until we reach the
ooortship of Elmira by the son of the rich doctor, who annexed
field to fielil by taking a<lrantage of the ailments of the poor,
and of Lncina, the daughter of the Squire, by Jerome. The
situation could hardly exist onywhere but in rustic America. The
etirinna democratic cistoms which make such courtships possible,
and the arist'wrstio or, perlmp", " tiniocratic " prejudices
wl I fortunate combiniitinn for
til- r . Iilemishes in Miss Wilkins's
m a nag ement ot the plot. Jerome wlio, like his fellow-villagers,
toils at unprofitable manual labour, manages to save dollars
with a rapidity which must have ap]M>are<1 to them positively
atartling, and the disappearance of Abel £dwanls, the father,
who was working on a farm twenty miloa off whilst his friends
anil ' .* ; Ming a funeral service for him. is hardly
CO! his resurrection at the end, though the
inctUciits of it i»r«.' well conceiveil, seem ot all necessary. But
tba eranta of the tale are well <levelopcd ; and just as the
autboreas doea not drag us through the minutiie of cliild-life in
the opening chapt<.-rs, so she does not mar her denouement at the
end, and knows t" a minute when to draw down the curtain.
Wa must in paoaing give a word of criticism on the writer's
•tyla- Perhapa we ought not to complain of an ocouiional
Yaokaaiam, aa " Dnring Jaroma'a absence, Eben Merritt's wife
oama aeruM lota to the Edwards house." But we trust that
Mias W ■• 1 not let 1. y of thought lead her into
obacuri- ts " All ; . .t in straight parallels of
•word !■lal yieUiun of nature to the sinipiest low
olfTn*- .oul." There is, indeed, high authority
•"f but we cannot oiiooiirage any writer of
■«■- ' ' ^' ' '-idity is the Jirst law of a literary style.
Tha real rirtna of this book lies in its sketches of individual
*JTas, in its lore of the pictures<pie, and still more in its sensi-
tira touch uprwj mind ami nature. Jerome himself is a fine
Btody, eren if he inelinea a little to the ideal. Bovm) readers
will perhaps doqbt tha possibility, apart from religion, of any
adequate motive for the renunciation of a fortune of 25,000
dollars by a " poor man " who is only debiiiTed from marriage
by his jioverty. It was due in a great degree simply to pride —
the rigid Puritan inde|>ondence of the New Knglander — a <iuolity
of which, in its effect on others, the reverse side is suddenly
brought to his eyes at the end of the book. Miss Wilkins's men
ore, wo think, more successful liure than her women, aiul tlinu
the men in her other stories. Lmina and Kiniiru somewhat lack
individuality, hut nothing could be l)etter than, for instance,
the kindly squire Eben Merritt and his three bachelor friends,
or than the humorous persimist Oxias Lamb. But a pleasant
picture, too, is that of Miss Camilla, the Squire's elder sister -
the opposite of those hard-working, middle-aged women whom
Miss Wilkins is fond of jKirtraying— seote<l in her garden of
roses and box in a shawl scented with sandalwoiKl. There i»
hardly a scene or character throughout which has not its touch of
picturcsqiieness, and the same eye for effect shows itself in
countless telling cameos from nature, such as these : —
" The robins were singing all about. Every now and then
one flow out of the sweet spring distance, lit, and silently
erected his red breast among some plough ridges lower down.
It was like a veritable transition from sound to si^dit."
" Uod cows in the meadows stannl at him as he passed, with
their mysterious abstraction from all reflection, then grazed
again, moving in one direction from the snn. The bliielicrry
()at<'hes spread a pale gr< en glimmer of blo.saoms, like a liheen of
satin in a high light : yoimg ferns curled l)Cside tha road like a
baby'sfingers-^raspingatlife: the trees, which were late in leafing,
also reached out towards the sun little iosycltts]iing fingers whereby
to hold fast to the motherhood of the spring. The air was full
of that odour so delicate that it is scarcely an odour at all, much
loss a fragrance, which certain so-called scentless plants give out,
and then only to wide recognition when they bloom in multitudes
— it was only the simplest evitlence of life itself."
But Miss Wilkins is a uaturali»te dca r.spn'f.1, and seldom
looks at nature as a descriptive artist only. It is for her closely
interwoven with human feeling. The groat merit of her work i»
her keen insight into temiH.>ranient and her quick grasp of its
more subtle changes when touched, however lightly, from without,
and especially when under the spell of wild nature. Jerome going
to bravo the tyrannical doctor enters his avenue of pino trees with
nervous trembling.
" However, halfway up the avonue he came into one of
those warmer currents which sometimes linger so my.steriously
among trees, seeming like a pool of air, submerging one as visibly
as water. This warm-air bath was moreover sweetened with the
utmost l)rc?ath of the pinewoo<l8. Jerome, plunging into it, felt
all at once a certain soufo of courage and relief as if he bad a
bidding and a welcome from old friemls. There are times when
a quick conviction, from something like a sjieciul favour or caress
of the great motherhoo<l of nature, which makes us oil as child
to child, comes over one. ' His pine trees ain'l any difFerent
from other folk's pine trees,' flashoil through Jerome's mind."
We might quote many other passages of real beauty showing
the same keen obser\'ation and delicate handling of niontal moods
under the softer influoiices of nature. It is this viviil apprecia-
tion of the finer spiritual aspect of things, never approaching any
crude effect or jarring note, which gives to almost every page of
this book a pecullni- rliarm.
In Kedar's Tents. By H. Seton Merriman. 8vo.,
axjpp. I>>n>lnn, isir?. Smith, Elder. 6/-
Mr. Merriman shows a tendency, becoming common among
a certain class of novelists, to imiM>rt into fiction the urtiflces of
the stage. He relies much on " situation," and conceives his
plot in a series of vivid scenes on which the curtain falls just at
the point when tho conflict of chance or fate with human desires
has implicated tho i/r(im<Ww ;«T.wii<r in an inipflw, which, as tho
reailer well knows, will be duly solve<l in the final cha]>terB.
Picturestpie pro|ierties and stage setting, a crisp and pointed
dialogue, a cessation of movement when some incident per-
tinent to the plot has closed, and a material object round
which tho interest is focussed — in this case a mysturioua
October 28, 1897.]
LITKKATUKE.
21
letter, patising from hand to hand, and affecting in differwit
woy« the f.>rtiiiio» of all coneei i. • aro tho stock-
in-tra<lu of the playwright. 1 ho h- .Iv <.f miiincr*, or
tho still riioro prolix aiialyHis uf teni[«jr iiii.l i„ ,t; to the
oppoHito school of novulistit.nnchoul which Im . injon lo««
high ill popiiliir favour. This novel rcinimlH imof the inuthiMU of
tho " I'riBonor of /mulu/'or of " t'nder tho Hw\ llobo. " Onco
more wo havii an advuiitiirous hero, laiiilod anion,; â– i'vnos un-
familiar to him, phingod unox|)oi twUy into a world of plot snd
oountiirplot nmmij} strangors in whono fortunos ho is called to
take a luudiiif; part, and bocomin),' perforno a puhlio |N^niona|;e
with a »hnie in the iimkiidc of history. " In Kodar's Tunts " is,
roughly sjieaking, in Four .Vets -1. Uonynghnm'M rooms in tli«
Templo ; '2. Tho Wnlltxl Garden at llonda ; X Tlie Caiin del
Aynntaniionto at Tolodo ; 1. Tho Wallod (lardon at lionda
again. Tho action, it will bo soon, takes placo almost entirely
in Spain, and tho author ha.s oloarly studiod to somo profit l)oth
tho Spanish country uiiil puoplo. Ono UooH'roy Hornor, of whom
wo should like to hoar Homuthing more, but who passoa out of
sight at tho end of Chapter 2, has unintentionally killed a man
in a Chartist riot. Conyngham, with an Irishman's (jiiick
generosity, iindurtakes to divert suspioiun from Homer, who
has a wife and oliild, by a sudden flight to Spain. Hem ho pro-
poses to fight agaiiiHt tho Carlists, but his good-natured promise
to deliver a letter, purportin;,' to bo a love-letter and in reality a
rovolution.\ry documoiit of momentous import, involves him in a
web of dillioultios and dangers, which becomes the more intricate
when Sir John IMoydoll, tho father of tho youth murdero<l by
Horner, makes a sensational appearance upon tlio scene. It is,
we 8upi>oae, by an oversight— though a curious one— that
Ploydell, a solicitor and colliery owner, develops, after his
orrival in Spain, tricks of manner, due, so we are given to umler-
stand, to his long training at tho Common Law Bar.
Without alfectiiig any eccentricity of typo, Mr. Merriman
hero shakos himsulf free from tho rather conventional figures
to which ho introduced us in some of his earlier book*.
All tho chief characters are thoroughly well conceived and
on tho whole consistently depicted. Conyngham the jrnne
pt-emier, Concha the Spanish iViest, Concepvion Vara the
contrahanili.ita, iiarraldo the Carlist are all excellent, and
we doubt whether anything in recent fiction equals the
vivid and interesting portraiture of Cenoral Vinconto, or
the masterly scone in which £stdlla his daughter, in obedience
to her fatlior, and in tho prosonce of her lover, impersonates the
Queen Uogont and faces the fury of a Spani.sh mob. Thi.s inci-
dent, like many others in tho book, rovoals a keen dramatic in-
stinct, but tlioie is sometimes a failure to recognize tho essential
difference in the conditions of the spectacular drama and of the
written chronicle. Tho author lets himself forget tho time-
honoured maxim " Sognius irritant," &e. A spectator is more
wrought up, more keenly attentive than a reoder. Much more
can be loft to hi.s imagination, which is for the moment actively
stimulated, and ho has no time to analyze results or weigh pro-
babilities. More than once wo have the light switcho«l off from
a situation at a critical niomont, loavini; tho actors grouped in a
highly effective manner, but arousing in the mind of tho rea<Ier
a perfectly reasonable curiosity as to their next move and a feel-
ing that truth is Iwing sacrificed to effect. A faithful narrator
cannot isolate events like this, or avail himself of methods which
are justifiable and even necessary in another sphere of art. The
close of tho chapters in which Conyngham reveals his identity to
Sir John Ploydell, and in which tieneral Vinconto dies, illustrate
what we moan. What did Kstella say to Ci>nyngham over her
father's death-bod ? Mr. Morriman is also still a little too fond
of tho sententious apothegm, sometimes of a cynical character. Ho
introduces it, as it were, to call attention to the knowledge of
human nature displayed in his narrative : —
" The little fountain plashed in the cotutyard below ; a
frog in tho basin among the water lilies croaked sociably, while
tho priest and tho beautiful woman in the room al>ove mode
history. For it is not only in kings' iialaces nor yet in Parlia-
ments that the story of the world is shaped."
*' Julia ■t'Kwl Innliin^ from nn» |a th*
"in M noUiIng ta
!.M(Umm HMa or
woiiiiiM h' ' mil' ri r\
Too iTitich ol t
But tkara i* not
iinaii bwDgB commanding botb
HufiTh Wjmne, Pre« Quaker, MiinHitii" Krr-vft T.im.
I on Ihi- .StjilT of hi« Kx
H y S. Weir MltcheU, M.D., L . .
and liiii'Vjii'd. C'r. Hvu., 48.*> pp. Illiistratitl. I>m
PlBii %kn.
The {wriod of the rvrolntionary war haa of lat« attained
groat prominence in .Vmerica, and rolume a/tvr vo|um« of
memf>ira and letters has bevn adde<l to the store of hiat'tio
material. In " Hugh Wynne," whi' ! ful
and acctu^ta picturo of the old «.! .oe
use has : i fiction
gives n!
to-
bio .,ig-
ton a start. The fact that Hu^'h Wynne «tylcd " Krwi
Quaker " rofjuires some explanation. .For««veral year* bvforv
the War of Secesaion mai^y members of thu Society of Krieada
thought that paasire reaist.-!- '" -• - n duly. On
the other hand, many mori' mre, even to
bloo<lshed, was justifiable, im- i:itt.T view i.-d lo th' <• ;■:"<ion
of many able and uonscieiitioiis men fmm thu Soci- - i.yot
whom naturally drifted into tho re ' •••
of tho war th so disown'-d Frieixls : ibo
diatinct sect of V <..
Perhaps the I.: ^ i i ugh Wynne waa of WoUh and French
blood cauaod him to be apparently more Free than Quaker. Be
that as it may, the (act that he was a bom soldier i.i msile very
apparent ; and of tho final struggle which ragc<i round Ptiita-
delphia the details are so vividly given that a i;-* ' ' ' nW
would appreciate two or throe good maps. One i is
inserted, and a small/ 1 th
a pen, but there is not at
the present day. ^ ,o,
some Irt miles uw;i lal
issue of th'.> great war bet a v«a
fought out, tliough tho actu te
further south.
Many of the greatest fi,;>.,, .. ..; .American bii>^.-.< - >. p,--
through these pages — notably Washington, who is carefully and
somexrliat critically drawn : and wo seem to see, dearly
silhouetttHl against the picturesque backtrroiind chosen by Dr. Weir
Mitchell, tho impetuous V' '"lrt<. Sir William
Howe, tho darling of the •• ■•." snd Hnmil-
ton. The writor <loue full ju*iicu to tha ati ^ al
element which played »<i great a part in «i iry
Pennsylvania. IndetKl, Hu^h Wynne looks on at us
Mischianga ball, giveti by tho •• loyal dames " in h >ir
William Howe, in tho old country seat of that grave Friend,
Joseph Wharton, the " Quaker Duke." There, peep i,r...,^t,
a window, Wynne saw the brilliant scene, thi • »,
curtsies, and bows of the Bristol ofiicers and the I hia
belles being rcflecto<l in the great mirrors which c^: the
walls of tho dead Quaker's ^i'
To tho two women " oat a put in " Hugh
Wynne " tho b<x>k owes, greatest charm. The
winsome French mnthnr is ;<; d in the grim worlil
where she fo<: We seem to see her as she leans on the
half-<loor of tl. :i house at the end of Walnnt-atreet wait-
ing for her little boy to come from hia first day at school.
" This sweet and most tcmter-hearted lady wore, as you
may like to know, a gray gown and a blue chiuts apron fasteneil
oo
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 189;
' Um •hoaliler* with «rhit« h«ka<U. C>n her head warn k very
bro«d>farimmwl «' >t, low in the crown, and tiiMl by
•ilk ooitU nnder ! hail a creat i)uantity of brown
hair, among which was ouc wuli« atraml o( pray. Tliis nhe hnil
from her youth, I hare be«n tol«l. Tliis robuUioii* hair (->irle<l,
Mid ah* t*"** •eriona bine rv -' birge and wiilu oiien, •<> that
tha oiaar whit* waa aaen al
look a* of p—*'" -■■:•—-• —
wall roandr
whataror »L- _ ^^
Fraooh way, mad indeed aba i
apvech thai) waa common amon,
gOudnaaa aeema to me to have bw
naadod naithar thought uor etfort.
he liliiv. aiul won- ii constant
I •■' nho was still pliant anil
of fresh prottinoM in
''t. Soiiio 6ai(l it wati a
: « tiRO of her hands in
of British race. Her
instinctivo, and to have
Her faults, as i think of
them, wat« moatly aneh m ariae from escasa of loving or of noble
mood."
Small wonder that she foare<l no one, neither hor grave
hsahutd nor the crimmeat of inquisitive committoes of Friends.
Wyonw's own lady-love, who, though she had not one perfect
feature, had, notwithstanding, a countenance " so variously
•loquent that no man saw it unmoved," ii, if less original, a
charming portrait of a lady.
The story of the hero's varying fortunes, till, the war being
anded after several years < :' ' ' , Hugh and Darthe became
man and wile, and live<l s i worthily in the threat stone
hwn St Ml i lii.it Uio interest at no time flop's.
Dr. Weir W. ^ our thanks for an ailmirablu piece of
work. Apart ir^ e as an historical novel, the book
raraala certain u i ^ : ...sin American life of which the
modem generation are acaroely conscious.
Marietta's Harria^. By W. E. Norris. Svd., vi.+a%pp.
I»ndon. 1^4)7. Heinemann. 6,-
The excellence of some of Mr. Norris's early stories, the fair
view they i>resented of human nature, adorned with much skill
of characteriration and a somewhat cynical wit, encouraged
ni . : ^ to welcome him a^ a coming Thackeray. L'nforlu-
n :ia not ahown himsvlf able to maintain the position
« find the reader of his later works can only
ai.i 11 in the wn-e in nhirh Dumas _^/.i called
Seriba itHkakaptan dt* omhrff ^Ir. Nnrris, if he is to be
oompared, as the fasliion is, t- • ly, can only be called a
nackoray of mArionettc-a. His pupjots dance gaily enough, the
dr » a» o s are lively and appropriate, ami the showman's running
commentary on their actions is clover enough ; but the breuth
of life and the touch of spontaneity are wanting. At the i>aine
time, it must be added that Mr. Norris always writes like an
e<? oiitlcman, and his clever and well-bred work is
m thn average level of th»> modem novel. It is only
wiuiii < m witli til and immortals that his
tnforii'i i that he uij-s tempt the reader to
that comparison is a testimnny to hiH ri'al ability. The story now
Iwfora lu i* a good example of his later manner. It deals with the
married life of a beautiful girl, half English, half Italian, who
weds the heir to an Kngliah peerage. " She is ambitious in an
nimlese sort of way," her lover's father warned him, " she is
greedy of admirr* - -! she has not l)eon broken to harnes.-!,
like tile average linhwman of your own class." Further,
â– a the i .Is U!, " her nature was so queer and so ill-
r»(rnl»' le was quite incapable uf distinguishing l>ctwe«n
ri ,'." Withal, she was nut by any means a bad
w npel tn the type whiih is apt to find a husltand
*^ and to pose as the fcmmt infomj/riu
I'T : men. Mr. Norris handles Marietta
with hi* ttsnal akill, and has made a very entertaining book of
the e«
"If J
of you
yon the iiri.i
Strahan arr .
aiiaprint haa c-r«pt into |
verted into " below," wu
-ri are a<lmirably skot<.-lie<l. notably
â– >od, 8t. Quintin, the mon who,
'im what he thought
â– "Uffering by telling
•■h..\ilinisli IJotty. Itoland
â– lly s<i convincing. A curious
lori! '• i-Hkiw " has Iwen con-
â– vliat ludicrous effect.
A Week of Passion ; or, the Dileninm of Mr. GfM>rge
Barton the Younger. By Bdward Jenkins. Svo., :fi\) pp.
London. Xtif!. Bliss. Sands. 6/-
It will be a comfort to most jioople to know that " A Week
of Passion " belies its name. To give so good a sUiry such a
title is unwise, for it suggests a class of novel to which Mr.
KdwanI Jenkins has never been, and is not likely to be, a
contributor. The l>ook is, in fact, a capital detective romance.
There is a dark mystery in it, and if the reader ski]>s the
chapters explaining what the mystery is all about, ho will find
the unravelling of it very entertaining. No one save a highly-
placed wrangler or a chief cashier could Ik) expected to grapple
with the pages of figures and financial details in which the
affairs of Lord Selby are sot forth ; but as a comprehension of
these is quite a work of su]ierorogation, no one need complain
of the author's having exercised in this harmless way his mathe-
matical ingenuity. It would, perhaps, bo the more correct to
say that there are several my.iteries, the most soiiHational of
which is the blowing-up of a highly respectable person in broad
daylight at Itogcnt-circus. When wo add that the detectives
who figure in the story leave nothing to bo desired in their eoal,
professional keenness of scent, and cuiinrng, and are as far
removed as possible from the dilettante semi-amatour kind of
person who has been so much with us, the soekor after excite-
ment need hear no more. Once started upon it, he will need no
spur. The fine melodramatic plot will keep his attention firmly
fixed, and when ho has reached the close and shoil a i|uiet tear
of satisfaction over the union of the middlo-closs hero with the
noble heroine, he will find time to reflect upon the neat
character-drawing, and the fact that the story is well written in
addition to being well told.
Stapleton's Luck. By Margery Hollis. Two volmneB.
8vo., 57;) p]). I.oiuli>ii, lart. Bentley. 12,-
Miss Hollis gives us a bad five minutes towards the end of
bar second volume, when, for the space of a chapter or two, it
looks as if " Stuplelon's Luck " waij going to turn out ill all
through. Posiil'U' '^'m 'niy have liesitateil herself. Do not the
fortunes of our • ulion ^0Inctillles hang tioinbling in the
balance, just as <i "f niore Kiilistniitial beings? Can wo not
picture an author saiidled with a ruspnn-'ibility akin to that of
the Home Secretary when the question of a reprieve or commu-
tation has to be faced? Shall the hero recover consciousness
after the injuries tliat the villain has inflicted, or shall hu pass
awaj' and give the author a chance of a han-owinp death-bed
scene? Shall the heroine abandon hope of hor darling's reap-
pearance, and in d. inurry the other man ? What
wonder if novelists 1" urely ago<l when tliev have to
decide siicli matters 111 mc nml death every day of their lives!
F'ortunately, in this case the duath-lwil is spaied us. anil the
story enils cheerfully amid the ring of bells, with all reasonable
prospect of a prosperous future. That this Hlmuld strike a
reader as fortunate is good enough evidence tliat his sympathies
have been aroused. Miss Hollis has a hajipy knack nf telling a
story, and Ralph Stapleton's fortunes can l>e iollowed with
pleasure. Tho pictures of provincial lifo among the petite
bourgeoisie are clover and amusing, and both incidents and
clmractors are luitural and interesting.
The Son of the Czar. By J. M. Graham, (r. 8vo.,
•11>S pp. I>(iiidoii and Now York, 1808. Harper & Bros. 6/-
Aloxis, tho son of Peter the Groat, is tho personage who bears
the title role of this l)Ook. It is perhaps worth noticing as a
serious essay in historical romance of tho kind afTectud by Lord
Lytton, in which the plot is drawn from the actual events
enacte<i on tho stage of history, and tho characters are the lead-
ing actors thomaolvoa. As a incaiis of iinprpssing facts upon tho
raind •■'■' ' ' ' i certain value, oven if
their tho scientiliu h.storian.
But Mr.' â– r.iiiiiiu IB ;iu :i i.\ iL i ii .^i-i. i : ond his story, u gloomy
ono at the best, has little of the |>icturenque or tiie humorous
to giv6 it relief. Tho knowledge which might bo gHined from
this book of tho latt«r years nf Peter's roign wimlil be better
than no knouleilge at all : but some passages, as thn iliisitrijition
October 23, 18D7.]
LlTEltATUUE.
23
of Eudoxia, the Trnvr's finit wife, in n-'
publiu uuknowliKt^iiiunt of Catliorino lut Uvi
oain|iiii){ii oil tliii I 'ruth, uru, to aay tl
liiHtoiy, whilii ttie (li|;iiilio(I uixl courtly '
boarH iiH littlu rusumblaiiuu to the rMkl l'«it«r an i i j^.un
and of
iluriiii;
th«
th«
.r,l«
u Katjrr.
thu
Poo
The Dorringrton Deed Box. liy Arthur Morrison.
IlluNlnitcd. Kv..., iv.+:«>M pp. lA.mlon, 1«»7.
Ward, Lock, and Co. 6-
The Crime and the Criminal. My Richard Marab.
lUuwtraU'd liy ll.inild rilTunl. Hv..., vi. (-:{|(lpp. I/.iuloii. lHjr7.
Ward, Lock, and Co. 8
What Mr. St«vuii8on callud " thu ilutixtivi) tlint IhiTu in in
all of us " purlmpti iiccoiiiits for thu ptiruiiiiiul voguu >>( thu talon
of crimo which thu olovumoss of ouo or two writvrH haa lati'Iv
again poriuitted to find a pittcarioua footing on thu !iIo|M"
literature. In the form of what thoy call in .Aniuriou " t
dimu novel," indued, thu dotuctivo story is alwayx with uh. Tliu
Beorut of its popularity ia udundmitud in the wull-known
anocdoto which roprusentB the tyjucal Btruut urchin as
to invest in a piipur with " a nilliistrution and a .
murder " in it. J<ut it ia only ut occasional inturvnU llmt
detective story n.scoiids from thu hookKtall of the cutter to
oirculnting liU-iirv, nnd evun thu ehelvus of the hook-lovor.
in .\nierica, (Jaboriau and Uoisgohuy in I''rancu, Charles Kuado
and Wilkiu Collins in i'liigliiiid havu all shown whiit can ' i ■■•■<â–
with flioso records of " coniplicatod but iiituiisuly int
crime." Thu inventor of Sherlock II oliiies may curtail..
to find a plaou liosi<le thoiii, although the ingenuity of his con-
ception has buuii somewhat olwcurud liy a crowd of inoro or le*s
succuNaful imitators. Mr. Morrison, however, ha.s hit upm a
comparatively new dovicu in the volume now before us. Hitnerto
the detective of fiction, Dupiii, Loco(|, or Holmes, has ha<l for
liis aim " to defend society, to deracinate occult and powerful
evil," as I'aul Somerset describes it. Hut Mr. Morripon's hero
is a privatu iiKpiiry agent, somewhat akin to Wilkiu Collins's
Bashford, who uses his detective ability, with entiro f '
from scruples, in thu interest of his own pocket. His
object was 'â– to got hold of as much of other people's |'ii>.iii-
business as possible, and to know exactly in what ciipboanl to
find every man's skeU'ton." He is certainly an amuiting
Bcouiulrel, and his adventures may ea.iily boguilu an hour .«r two.
Mr. Marsh has also invuntod a novel form of hero for his book,
which contains a Murder Club based on the Suicide Club of the
" Now.\rabian Nights." The story ia more extravaganza, but It is
ingeniously constructed and cleverly written. The hero is even
syinpatliutiu, in spite of his singular lack of any moral sense.
Mr. Marsh kuups up tho thrill throughout his book, which is
likely to be read with avidity by all who bi-gin it.
There need be no fear tliat any story by Mr. Guy
Boothby will be lacking in incident. '• SiiEii,.\ McLkod '
(Skelfington) is not so full of lurid sensation us the Dr. Nikola
books, but it is a cajiital tale, packed with exciting scenes
and situations strung together by a iiractisod hand and seldom
failing of their elfuct. Mr. Uoothhy gives us a picture of Queens-
land in tlio early days of thu colony, and what with horse-stealing
and lioniicide, Uush-tiivs and floods, steoplecl.asing and tisticutfs,
with a little love-making thrown in by wav of yoast, the lover of
adventure pets full value for his money. — fevery ospect of modem
life is rellect«d sooner or later in fiction, and tho revival of
interest in the getting of gold has naturally credited a certain
demand for tales of the diggings and tho lields. Afr. H. V.
Macllwaino in " Thk Twii.iomt Rkek *ni> other Storie.s
(Fisher Unwin) supplies it as well as most writ<'r8 in thi.i kind.
He tells in a racy style of incidents in the rush for fortune,
and in tho life of camps and half-baked communities, and most
people, being unable to judjre of its accuracy, will be content to
accept his picture as siifliciently true to nature The prospect is
not so alluring as to increase greatly the number of passengers
for Klondike, but the stories are read.ible and come at an
opportune moment. — Lady Helen Craven's '• Notks ok a Misir-
LovKR " (Ik'utlev) arc notes in the form of short tales, mostly
about the opera and operatic singers. In their way they are
well done, and Lady Helen Craven is. like the supj>osed narrator,
an enthusiast who knows her milieu For the unniiisicol there is,
perhaps, a little too niu:;h music, but as a set-otT to this (which
to many people will of course be tho main charm of thu bot»k)
there is a good allowance of story, and here and there a welcome
touch of humour — a quality that enthusiasts too often manage
entirely to disptmso with.
MILITARY.
Ry Charles 8. Ryan, m n..
John 8>n(1— , M .\. <ix<>n.
Murray. O/-
Under the R' " '"
U.M. l-^lin., ill I'
aixolin., tlTi pp. l...U!l.u, !'<',.
The Battleflelda of Thenaly. Uy Sir Bllla AahmMUl-
Bartlett, .M.l'. (i|x511n.. MOpp. Luudun. UiUT.
Murray. O,-
Reflections on the Art of War. By Briirr.-Oeneral
R. C. Hart. V.C.. C.B. 71 xWm., :*ll pp. Limaun, ixn.
Clo'wres.
No phaM of tho Husso-Turki*h War arouaetl so genoml an
,1. t.. (
iiad a rmiltni dultko tu »
tho long Jiege have Immti
side. In " 'ihu I '
W. V Hnrbort.a
in :> "'
treii
ip to the timu mIi
■■- •' "-
»)rk
Cr.
iiiu >
yoi.
see
of t
horrors ui ll>u lu-
resources weru s
of thu Turkish W'
and thu cheerful <
Ky. '
stu
was 111.1. i.i_. iiir-. >.Min- ,w..i.i»
organi/.mg pouer and directed the v
^l,i. I. 1 L-.. fl, .,..., ,,1 S. i... .l,.l„,l «, :.
oft
SOI:
Afi
man
the Ivrt I
form. 'I
trtxips (!
ftagea. !
I.I.
ot I'luviia M
_•«! in the n .
iMaooa
od ; It
' ti.'>ri«»
a-
tia
of
l.Ot
â– Ir.
rn
^h
it*
to
.uudors
Tho
cal
'«•
'•,
Mr.
lid
>T.
re-
, re
«d
W 1 1 > 1 •-' I 1 .111
apondent of
whom he li.:
joke which h-
was to find u gruve in
book is thoroughly i
charactvr uml
In "The 1
T till' I
Id thr.
\^ 1 i 1 1 1 O I 1 < 1
to tell, and
fl -t ■.»-,
hii.
ill oye-w'i
â– e It
tion t<i most i>eople t"
the if'^'< 'T ni'ic^imi of :
adv to have 1 •
ina: ..ief. " 1
delay ' ' ou the frontier
1
after dinner ... in tli.
were ov.
Marshal
to press I'M lo i'Miri:a\ ^ iil
Larissa, •' I venturetl to urge
with his left wing upon Va!--"
.i \l.sit :
voral of 1.
m-
;ho
tho
aid
llartlett
-in.' a
wo
•tlo
of
w-
ra-
la-
tt
bis
m-
.le
iir
>ho
• the
:od him
• 'HIT-. \ I f r i ; I'
* n of
Edhem Tasha to ,
,rd
,..« -Mid Volo. The .•
...... did
24
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
not diMgne wit' - . " ; but be had a schemo nf his own,
And " li«*dl«M t 1 M>h»m» WAR piitirvly futile." When
«t length the ] -'" Ottoman nrmy, with a
reneaUng rifb* a: taken fri>ni tho enoniy,
fell into tlM bana* •>! tnv «.jr(>«K nnry, .tnu>nt be
mx fm m tetd oaa only be deerribe<1 as a ^onerous.
The eaptvre was, howprer, a Rreat antuUii^t' t» the
Ore«k canae, ainoe Sir Kllis was enahUnl to ex)<rvs.<i liis
" MBtiBMnta " nt "•"■■•> >..... th to the Kinc, and hi* •' jilan
in almoat all i i with his Majtâ– ^ty'f< ajiproviil,
aitit in »..in* p>'. il approval." At ConBtantinojilo
t- waa r»ct 1 a (list'nction which, as ho |M>ints
«•! '. -. alwavs . I Amba!isaclors : I ut nlthouch the
SultMi " eeemea w aa was c<>rtainly natural, the
" plan " waa lees fu in-oiveil than at Athens. Whilu
'â– The Battlefields of liiuM-aly '' cannot Ut said to udtl to the
•um of our political or military knowU-d^-e, transparent simjilicity
and unconscioiu humour combine to render it distinctly
attractive. I'nforlunatoly nothing is nuite so simple a.t the
Eastvrn question an'! " <luct of military operations appear
to Sir Kills Ashmeai<
Thes«c->nd and (•ii:..i_..'i . <liti»n of Kricadier-General Hart's
excellent '• KeHections «n the Art of War "is a welcome
addition to military literature. In breadth of handling,
•oaad oonunon-sense, and wi<le research, the book supplies
• needed antidote to some modern tendencies. There is a
•ebool which appears to recard the lessons uf the Franco-
Oermnn War as all-sufficing, and seeks to base military teaching
HI' -idemic analysis of selectetl epiiuKles. Colonel Hart,
oi r hand, re<-ogiiizes fully that the tirst object should
b' :.-ate principles, that circumstonces never exactly
r< ; elves, and that tlieancient masters of the art of war have
not !"'<M cii'ihrone<l by the adojition (f , • riHcs. If Najioleon
could learn from Ciesiir, Scipio, and . so can we, and it
mi •'■* ' '-iriy argued that the lon.mioTi-i under which the
li: y is accustometl to make war approximate more
ct •■«•' ■• ''■• ■■!■( world than to the exigencies upon
w Ueen brought t<> bear. It is, therefore,
a . . the author endeavours to construct by
f t references to the exiicrienco of all ages. It
rt Mso of Bcalo ifi infr'«Iuce(l in military operations,
tl • replaces tact ~is, and that moral qualities
a.-' eiiorni'iiis in , to which they are entitled.
Coloui;! Hart eren includeit an interesting chapter on " The
Fortune of War,"' in which he shows that accident may ruin the
U-" ' md ilctermino the issue of a cam-
p-i itioii might perhaps have been
•Ji :.>■. i fiu L'"ncr:il," wrote L<inl Wolsoley,
'■" mind's eyt- . ~' • • f. re him the whole scene
tl ...^..n rt. who cannot, as it
W' dissolving views,
all . , .,j^.; . , ,iy, an attack on an
*'i . lacks a 1 which no amoant of
at V." It 1 : t no general, however
this •• natural quality " except in the most
could possibly liavo picture<l in a series of
t lie ■• phases " of the attack of the positions at
or (Jravelotte ? What study will enable the
'â– e the tumultuous movements of masses of
br
ill
di-
Wnt
iti
ni'
n>
u. •
who may Im-
Sho
I.
Ik
I.
los of country — movements liable to be
' '1 at any moment by the enemy's action or by
t*! commanders ? Only in a formal advance,
" ;tll front in open ground against an enemy
U[>on to remain pnsitive, can succe.tsivo
•• f'fm a mental picture. As an intro-
r and a summary of iirinciples which
-tive conduct of military oiMjrations
nothing eouid be better than these " Reflectiotu."
LAW BOOKS.
(1) RullQf Cases ; urr>ui)fi-<l. annotated, and edited by
Robert Campbell. M .\.. I{»rnsi4-r.at-I^w, and Advixnte of
*•"■^ • '■>' other iiieinlM-rH of the H«r ; with
•^""■"' _; Hmiw ne. Vols. I. to Xll. ( Alwuidon-
nient Iml.-ninity). I'nre Zim. net prr vol. Addenda, Table of
<■«».•«, and Index to Vol- I i- X. Priw- 2flM. net. I»ndon,
Btfxttut and H<>ns, Ltd.
(2) The Law of Torts, iiy Sir Frederick Pollock,
Bart. 6tb FUlilion. I>>nd<m, Ht«?%-en« iiml .Sons, ]^t«l. IhJiT.
Price Ss.
(») Rogrers on Bleotlons. Vol. I. Ile>ostrntion, Parlia-
montnry, .Municipal, and I>k«I Uoveiniiifnt, includiiiK the
I*mrtice in H.gistiation .\p|..al.-i, with Appendices. &o. 10th
Kditlon. Hy Maurice Powell, llairisteiwit-ljiw, one of the
HevisiiiK Hanistei-s on the Soulh-l<ji«tem t'inuit. London,
.Stevens and .Sons, Ltd., IWi. I'ri<-e 21s.
Mr.Oanii bell's RvLiHo Cares (1) is one of the most ambitioua
and oui;ht to Iw. when it is complete, one of the most generally
useful legal works which the present century has produced The
leading case methinl of exhibiting the theory and practice of
the law has always been a nopiilar one with the legal |irofossion
ami with legal authors both in this country and in America. But
with the exceptions of Comyiis' iJiijnit, the last edition of
which was published in 1ST2, and," to some slight extent,
Saunders' tifporU, of which the latest edition ajipeared in
1846, no Olio has attempted to cover the vast lield of
English law quite on the linos on which Mr. ('am]ibcll is
working. Mo.^t of his forerunners have conlincd their attention
to special deimrtments of law. This is the characteristic, for
exainplo, of such well-known standard treatises us Smith, White
and Tudor, and Finch. Again, the general practice has been to
take one leading case after another, without regard to the
alphabetical arrangement of their subject matter. Jn respect of
each of these points, Mr. CumplK.-ir8 work is justitie(l by an
important difference. He applies the leading case method to the
wholedomain, not only of Knglish, but also— with the compe-
tent aid of Mr. Irving Browne— of .American law ; and he
imparts cohesion to the entire |>ublication by treating the heads
of law, c<miing within its purview, in strictly alphabetical onler.
The advantages of this hitter part of the plan are not inconsider-
able. It is logical : it jirevents any subject that deserves dis-
cussion from being oi'erlooked : and it makes information as to
all the great hoa<l8 of law rea<lily accessible without troubling
tha reader to ransack his memory for the names of the " ruling
cases " relating to them - a point on which not a little diver-
gence of opinion might exist — or to consult an index, always an
irksome task, oven when it is such an excel lent one as Mr.
Mansoii has prepared for the first ten volumes of the scries.
And if the conception of Jlulin;/ Ca»e.i is good, the same must
be said for most of the matter contained in it. No better work
of the kind will be found anywhere in Knglish legal literature
than the not«'S on •'Administration," " Agency," " Carrier,"
" Contingent Uemainders," dealt with under " Estate,"
(by Mr. A. E. Randall), "Dihtress," " D<vmicil," " Kase-
ments." " Evidence," " Highway " (hy Mr. Austin F. Jenkin),
aii<l " Husband and Wife." Al first sight, the bound which
the work takes in v<d. XII. from " Executor " to '•Indemnity "
strikes one as rather precipitate. But a reference to Mr.
3Iaiison's Index, which not only deals with the grouiul covered
by vols. I.-X., but indicates the headings in subsequent volumes
where matter not yot disposed of will bo treated, has satistied
us that, so far, no subject of importance has been jiasaed
over. Mr. Irving Browne's notes on the American case
law are in general excellent. Those appende<l to Thr Qufm
r. Tol'on (vol. VIII., pp. 41-(>U) are particularly valuable
as a statement of the American law as to »7i<-ii.i rra. There
is, however, discernible here and there in liulinij Caxrn, an
element of hasty and inaccurate workinanshii) which ought
to be eliminated. The most generous allowance must bo
made for the difliculty of editing such a work as this, and no
critic would lay stress on incidental shortcomings, eiTors, nr
omissions. But it is rather startling to tind such a familiar case
as .Viiiuoni r. Dowjlut figariiig as JHniujinif r. huvijUis, both in
the text (vol. I., p. 2t>5) and in the index (p. 158), and tho case
of The Tahinutcte I'ermaneut linililiii'j Hocietii r. Kiiiijld cite<l
(vol. III., p. 427) without a word of allusion to tho pro-
visions in tho Buihiing Societies Act, 181(4, which get
rid uf it, so far as incorporated building s<K'i«tii*8 are con-
cerned. Moreover, it is ditlicult to justify tho failure of tho
author of the notes on contractual cajiacity (see vol. V'l., p. 74)
to allude to the question whether, in view of Lord Eshcr'a
judgment in Ttkt Imjirrial Loan t'onipany r. iStmie (| 1892]
I Q.U. 609. anil duly noted in vol. VI. at p. 74) the distinction
drawn by Mullim r. C'urnruUj- — which is solecte<( as the '• ruling
case " — l>otween executory and exocute<l contia*;ts, when the
"â– â– â– â– '"*â– ' ''act is in issue can any longer Ix' maintainu<l.
there for the staUtment (vol. VIII.,p. 41) that
..._ -. ,- .sc<l by the .Iiid ■..« rin Macnaughton's case),
" establish that the respo; .,{ «,] insane! person must
depend utxm his y>ower to li u between right anil wrong."
\ note of this kind is worse than useless. In tho tirst place,
the few critical words in the tost of responsibility i)re8cril)ed
by the Judges in the case in question are terms of art. They
October 23, 1897.]
UTI'IJATURE.
25
oannot be paraphrasoil, ami they ought tint to b* oit«Nl without
referunois to tlio oontrovurnioii m to their ^
rity, iinil iico|)u, in which tho Into Mr.
took HO proiniuunt ii purt. in thi.> hi<coii<I ,.,„<>, inu .hk
riun which mulcox tliu criminal ri<i<poii>iilii|ity of thu iniuiiio
(loiwml upon " tho power to (liHtin^uiiili rij^ht anil » >â–
won luid down by Sir .>ami>N MaimliKld on tht< i
ItollinKhani, in 1812, for tlio murder of Mr. I'orooval,
in roulity sot asido by tho " viowB " which aro alluKod in
the noto to havo oNtabliiiluHl it, and which suhiititutml for it thn
Bouudor modern tc«t- viz., did thu pri«onor know thn •
and ijuality " of thu particular net with wliich ho wax '
\Ve call attention to thcMo matturs in no Hpirit of caj)ti.ai;i
oriticisui, but fruiii a sincoro desire that thu utility of a nioHt
valuable work nhould not bo niarrwl by liloinishcii which . ' ' '
avuidu<l. It only romaina to lio adilcd that tho priii'
bindinK of liutinij Cimp.'i aro as oxcullunt as its plan nu'i ii^
general oxocution.
Of Sir Frctlorick Pollock's treatise on The l,\\v or
ToitT.s (2), which has run tlirough four inlitions in ten years,
and is now entering on a fifth, it is Bu|icrflu>nis to say auv tliine
by way of );eiiertil criticism, save that it is not only ini-
bly tho best work that has been written oii the subject,
a contribution of i>ermanont value to the history, tho philonophy,
and tho practice of Kn^lish law. In tho present edition all
the current leadinj; doci.sions relative to torts havo been
noti>.'Bd down to and including those reported in August ; and
Chapter First— dealing with the nature of tort in general— has
been recast in a simiiler form. This is a clianj^e which will be
welcomed not by those students alone who a|)pr('a('h the book
for tlie lirst time. In tho earlier editions .'-ii- Frederick Pollock
elaborated his dotinitiou— or rather " normal idea "—of a tort
by a 1 rocoss of nej-ativo exhaustion. Tho motho<l was strict ly
soientitic, and its application, one need Fcarcely say. was illus-
trated and fortified by a skilfid use of the wealth of historic
loarnlnK which Sir Frederick Polb ck has at his command. Hut
the train of reasoning could not 1)0 perfectly followed without a
dogreo of concentration of thought which taxml the ordinary
professional reader's energies .ind tinio somewhat severely. In
the new editi'vn the lending conceptions are stated more directly
and simply ; and the reader lias the advantage of commencing
his stiiily of the chapter with a general view of tho field covered
by tho law of torts before him.
Ill spim of the somewhat unconnected manner in which new
edition.s of its several voliimi'S apjiear, and, it may Ik- added, of
a certain want of system in the arrangement of the whole work,
K<MTr.KS onFJi.kitions (;!) is deservedly recognized as the standani
authority on all ipiestions of election law. How emphatic its
approval by the legal profession has lieon is demonstrate<l by
the fajt that Vols. 2 and :'., which aro edited by Sir. S. H. Day,
and which are a complete treatise on the law of elections and of
election petitions, have respectively leached a 17th edition :
while tho 10th edition of tho lirst volume, for which Mr. Maurice
Powell IS responsible, and which is concerned solely with tho
registration of voters now lies In-fore us. Since the publication of I
the last editiiin of this volume, tho Local ({overiiment Act. 181(4,
lias imssed creating a new class of parochial voters, who now
elect guardians and the members of the jmrish council, and, in
tho Metropolis, the vestrymen and auditors, and. except in
boroughs, the menitH'rs of the <listrict council. The present
volume includes the law as to tho registration of these electors. '
Several other changes of importance have Iwen made. The deci-
sions of tlie old election committees, which are useless as pre- !
cedents and have been largely superseded by judgments of the *
superior Courts, have been omitted. On theother hand spnce has
been found for Irish andScotch decisions, to which the Engl i.i he 'I'Urt 8
in administering tho registration law now attjich very con.siderable
weight. Some new forms have been added— it would be an im-
provement, by the w.iv, to subsequent editions if tie headings
in the appendix of forms were set out serintim in the table of i
contents. And last, but not least, the dates of all cases referre«l
to are given either in the text or in the foot-notes. The new-
edition of this volume is a piece of thoroughly "ood workman-
ship.
tlM.
nmmut. am
timltmOf
*■.tloo to»
.1 ,>l
but two
wliat nt;
'r«, was Ii
public
and his lii.it pl.ue iik
I.yttultoii) present hin
strictest
study oi
mailn no |h i riaif m >
logians, too, mav often
ahoiiWI I.-. v.. t.A.,,, „
tro,
ioc
. far more in
He was an :
All!
" li
of 2th) boy.',, or even
should tie a school of
animate<l Van '
shi|> of Ha::
same conlidetn ^
master had a tb '
his rule school !..» .
tinguishetl in letters
I tu us OJI
in,
. cIa
of
Chr
or in
diato pupils. Hut it w.is not
historj- or re I;
found their S' i
work on the itetimon ( ' *v tan
critical scholar. Pnt n .wn the
— marked always 'â– â–
severe -which he p'
to show that he b"
life. PerhnfM it
evenness of ti :
alwoliitely iiii
and in one »<â–
rather than d'
at thu l>ase
res|>ected among the N'
of LlandatI', and yet tin
on the ground that he k
in doubt as to his ki '
protested warmly agalll.^t Ih.
the hcadmastership of i^iigby
" P^ssays and r " But he
Churehroan <•' of his
As »i»h • " i of
wore br.i -ners
mn-r- •■■^
divii
nient. , :
was civen to the worUI on the cl:i'
death » as-announced. Neither I.
lism could tind a congenial h'
himself not as a student < r
of the ttosnol. It was as a Ciiri.stiau
lalxMired (or so ninny years in tra-i
ministry. It was no less as a Christian
took the Mastership of tho Temi)le. A'
talents of a brillian* â– 'â– ' - *' - practical
ail exact and of cl
literature were ' j ut t"
influence on his i was pr
direct. Hut in 1: v lii' h i
Lin.
of a
l-ttl
d by Umc
ar
. . ^.-n-
leam-
h.it aaa
i.d
â– .a
T
it
rit
h»
d-
â– â– r
in
' rs
> s
-h
IS
Hi
I.*
ill
:it
f l.-ft
. Ha
I't Tcmplu from
his sliaiH in tbo
..I
y
e
Qbituav^.
THE L.\TE DE.VN OF LLAXD.IFF.
The death of Dean \'aughan removes not so much a great
figure from tho world of literature as a living example of the
practical value, whether to the individual character or to
society at large, of the liberal and balanced judguient which is
yet prolo'indl> wiiioli »
remarkable p. . . but a
value to theological htcratnre.
PASCUAL DE GAYAKGOS.
Tlie death, on the 4th inst., of Don Pasoual de Ctaviingos y
Arce is a vesy serious loss to Anglo-Spanish literature and
bibliography ; and the net result Ol his life-long labour, as
26
LITERATURE,
[October 23, 1897.
in hi* pabliahad rolnmM, is auch m to Moure him a rerjr
hifh pl«M in th« Ut«r»ture of hi* eountry. II. ' mat
8«rill« on Jnn* 21. 1800, tha
Mcbot, a Spanish offioer. ^"
Tnxye* to complet* hi* ed
wards at Pari*, whar* I.
8ilT««tr« (le Saojr. Whc
*n<l il itiii:.' Iiis ((av lioro :
«i
M:.
*on of Don.Joat<
UIW 111'.
retojn^-l iv
\\
U'
>.
H V
nr .-. :
A :
t. : M :
l,s; . . M .r
of ' ': ;.■:.• > I- .11
M.. :
1>
t
ill
111'
li; . - ;â– . : ,•â–
Ik. ...t ;..â– -. :r..i
an.! • .>■.■:..
Adoipti Ik-:
fiimancas r
rerjr gr«at i.~..
•ana* Qayingos
to 1896, juicioN
and form a
alao catali',
whieh four votumu*
.18 y
. i.t to
.>]r and after-
il K'cturoK of
d for a time,
I'll, of Koiincl
. on his return to
' .kHury, and in 1833
•> liiu Kiiiei^'U oUioti, a post which ho
, wtien political events and the t'arlist
to return to England. He resi.U-d hero
inir t4> ma4;aKinea. roviewg (inclMilin^ the
' '' 'of literary society.
.. and fornuKl the
•■^- lisli liite-
iho Koval
.: s â– ' H'is-
in two volumog,
|K)int<.>d Professor
the University of
in 1881 ho became
h.
:•: .\ .r. .it.-il at
nlii .1 luui. 1S72 ;
lion, but held the post »idy for a short
. having elooti-d him Senator, which
l»irector8hip. The great work
r.iti, the work least known to the
.0 c'.uluiuation of the " Calendar uf Letters,
te PajK'rs." relating to the negotiations be-
'urve<l in the arohivesat iJimaiicas
li. work was commenced by Gustav
• .1. iv death at tile wretched village of
It, would have indefinitely |>OBtponed a
•(li..,Y l,.ii for Don (iayilnfjos. To this
. lumes, w hich date from 1873
II 7,*J00page» imjierial octavo,
oi affairs from l.'>2.~> t^i 1542 Ue
MSS. ill the itritish Museum, of
cotupnitini; about 3.000 pages of matter,
appeared fr-^m 1S«7 t<> 1W)3. To Owen Jones's work on " The
Alhambra < ' '^'4, he contributed an historical notice of
the Kings - ^ ; f"r the Hakliiyt Society he translated,
in 1888, " Tlio filth L<>tter of Cortes to the Emjieror
Gbarlaa V." ; and he e<lited John Foster's " Chronicle of
JaBMS I., King of A.ragon," 18.%). The foregoing form the
£nid>*h portion of his life-work. To Spanish literature he was
a • • -:i..,.„.. vii'ludinp, in adilition to the translation
<,• ued, •' Memorial del Moro liaris,"
J- â– " F.^i..ii..l" in 11> volumes; to
A pafiolos" ho contributed
tl,- . , ,,, Biblioiilos E8i>afioles,"
of Madnd, he contribnt«<i eight mora.
SIR PETER LE PAGE RKN'OUF.
Sir Pet«r Le Psjge Renouf, who until 1801 was Keeper of the
Kcrptian and Assyrian Antiquities in the Britisli Museum, was
ofa (ttiamaajr family. During his Oxford career, in 1H42, he
joined the Roman Church, and his first work, written at the age
of 19, was a book on " The Doctrine of the Catholic Church in
Knjiland on tha Eucharist." " He began, however," to quote Tlie
Time* ot October 18, " to pay si>ecial attention to Eastern
laniriags* ; was in 1856 appointed by Dr. Newman to a profes-
•Ofwiip in tha Catholic Lniversity of Ireland ; and about the
time ha became one of the editors of the Home
'â– '' ' ' . ' 'ize his ctudies,
.'ted much time
■• of Ancient
]
1 by ills i
'l'<7«).
• to
.1 mi
1 ■» rl ,!,#, t* f ..f
1
>"
t:.
asK»
Mow
•< on ' The
u nmoiint ol
â– .fa <lop
nd \ ifnt
*I blll'.'lll. 01
'. <.no of her
ars later, on
i
ii«ilgIOIl of
a<lminiBtra-
Aneici.
live work »
gT«at mtiM<
in «•
•n !■•
artment in a
• for serious
1 faoiimilo.
«
11 of Aiii
iate<l with
in • . 1 • .
TlCn- tt. •<
the moHt
)>*«lillflll nil..
iiifc«..i"-' '
:.wii,' was
obtained (or tb« Mn^
IRotcs.
In the First Number of Literatun it is fitting that we should
gratefully recognize the cordial greeting accorded to our project
by the majority of our contemporaries. If wo make special
mention of any it is only to note with peculiar satisfaction that
the Daily News and the .S/<ir have reoognir.ed so fully that
" Letters know no politics."
« • « «
This First Number contains 32 (lagos do7oto<l to literary
matter, and, in order to meet as far as possible publishers who
desired tu advertise in the first number, we have oxtendud the
advertisement space to an equal number of pages. We regret
that we have been coinjiellod to refuse moro. Future numbers
will contain a larger proportion of literary matter in compari-
son to advertisements.
The amount of literary matter will depend on the number and
importance of books worthy of review. It will naturally be larger
during the winter months than the rest of the year.
• « »
It is hardly necessary for us to say that Literary matter and
Advertisements will in every way bo kept wholly unconnected.
While welcoming advertisements, wo assume that they are sent
us OS business transactions and not as favours with a view to
influencing reviews. To put it tersely, a book advertised in
five pages of Literature will receive precisely as much or as
little consideration as if it were not advertised at all.
« « « «
Authors and publishers are desirous of prompt reviews. They
are presumably equally desirous of careful reviews. The two are
inconsistent, unless the critic can rocoive the liook some days
before publication.
But it is urged by Publishers that it is not an infrequent
experience for them to find on secondhand bookstalls almost on
the day of public.ition, or before it, books which they have
submitted for review.
The delivery of review copies is an increasing tax upon
author and publisher amounting sometimes to 10 per cent. Our
entire sympathies are with any attempt to prevent this alleged
abuse, and we ask that books sent us may be legibly marked on
the title page with the date of publication and the pripo.
« « « *
Books sent us for review will be acknowledge<1 in the list of
books at the end of the journal. If they receive no further notice
they will, as far as possible, be held at the disposal of the
Publishers who may send for thom. We cannot, of course, be
responsible for possible miscarriage of a volume, but if a book is
not roturno<l it may be assumed that it is held over for review ;
the person calling should iireseiit an authority to rocoive such
books as may be given him.
• » «
The woll-known publishers Messrs. Brockhaus of Leipzig
have undertakon the agency of Literature, in Germany,
Austria, and Switzerland ; and Messrs. Harjier and Brothers
of New York will publish an American edition which, so far as
the literary matter is concernod, will correspond exactly with
the English edition.
• • « •
All books and magazines may be subjects for review in
/yi<<?rafurc. We do not treat of the Drama, Art, Science, or
Music, except so far as books dealing with thom may be
published.
• » •
We invito corrospondenoo on any literary subject, or on any
subject treato<l of in a book iliscussod from a literary point of
view, but we do not desire to mnko the publication of a book an
excuse for the discussion of a subject not intimately connected
with it.
October 23, 189 7. J
LITERATURE.
27
W(i iiiKltTdtand that H«r Mi»ji»ty hu now givon har final
appiovftl of tlio work on which Mr. Richard tlolmxii hui boail
t'ugagetl, ontitlotl " Qmiun Vioturin." Tim .In|iniitiKe jiniMir
oditiiiii of Uie work will bo publiiihoil by Mo-mrn. Ontipil »l tho
l>ogiiiiiinK of Novemlior, »iul tho fine-papor •dition will bo imuly
about throo wevks lat«r.
• « • •
The Duko of Athnll hiui rocoiitly oomph't<3<l a work
ontitlotl " Clironiolus of tho AthoU iiiiil Tiillibnnlinu Fiimilio!*,"
ill four vohimos ({iiartu, printed, wo uiiilorxtaiid, for private
circulation only.
• •
A facsimile of tho Trafnlnar numbor of Thr Timm which
apponroil on Novonihor 7 in lH<)r> has btxin issuud from Thr Tiinr.t
Ollico for tho Navy Loiiruo. Tho fiioilitios thon cxistinj; for tho
despatch of nnws across land and soa oidy allowed tho Ailmiralty
to roroive aftor an intorval of 1(5 days tho news of a victory
which criishod, not indi'od tho power of Napoleon, for Trafalpar
wa.s (piickly followed by Austorlitz, but tho oMonsivo i)ower of
his Empire against England.
« « « •
Tt was not, however, tho victory of tho British fleet that
fiUod tho minil of Admiral Oollinewood when ho ponno<l tho
despatch given in full ni TIf 2'iiiK-.< of Novomber 7, or, indood. the
mind of the llritish nation, so much as, to use tho words of tho
do^piiton, " tho loss of a hero whoso name will be immortal and
his memory ever dear to his country."
Tho rest of tho papuT is tilled with reports from Europe, qiving
details of the movemonta of armies and tho policy of (iovurn-
monts in the face of tho groat oomuKm danger from Franco.
Foreign politics, in fact, were at the moment so urgent that
they occupy tho first leading article, leaving tho victory of
Nelson and his death to l>o dealt with in tho second. It is worth
noting th:it there is nothing in tho p;ipor to show that the
English public took, at any rato at that particular moment, tho
slightest interest in literature.
It is not an inauspicious coincidence that our 6rst numbor
appears on tho annivorsarj- of the birth of Francis Lord
Jert'roy, tho chief i>ionoer of indopemlont criticism of contem-
porary literature, and, as Mr. Leslio Stephen has called him,
one of the best mlitors that over managed a Review.
JofTrey was not indeed the founder of the Review with
which his name is connected, and which has called into being
such a vast numbor of similar periixlioiils. He dedicated his
collected essays to Sydney Smith as the " the original projector
of tho Kdinhuri/h /iVi'ifiii. " Nor was he editor from the first
beginning of tiie Review. It was originully nuinaged " in com-
mittee," and if anybody could be ciiUod the Mditor it was. again,
Sydney Smith, who insisted on tho conspirators repairing
singly and secretly to tho oHice, which was " a dingy room off
Wiilison's printing oftico in t'raig's-close." Hut it was found
necessary to appoint Jed'rey solo responsible editor in a very
short time. Its success was immediate and striking. Published in
1802, its circulation in 1808 was about "J.OOO, and in 18U ha»l
reached 13,0lX) — a very considerable numlwr for a periodical
published in the nortliern capital 89 years ago and devoted to
serious criticism.
The completion of the third volume of tho Historical English
Dictionary roioived a fitting recognition at the dinner civen at
Oxfonl by the V'iee-Clianoellor, on tho llth iiist. Dr. Murray's
account of the inception of thii Dictionary from tho year 1857,
when Dr. Trench first pointed out the necessity of such an
undertaking, down to the year 1882, when Dr. ^lurray himself
began the work with the help of the Universitj- of Oxford, the
Clarendon Pre.-ss, tho Philological Society, a multitude of co-
adjutors in ditl'orent parts of tho country, and a store of gonio
two million quotatiiuis pigeon-hole«l for use, iias already been
recorded more or less fully in the daily papers. We join in the
congratulations which tho public owes to Dr. Murray and Mr.
Henry Hradley for the sound judgment and indefatigable
industry they have <lisplayed, and in tho sntisfac'ion which all
scholars must feel at tho wisdom of the I'niversity which has
devoted its funds to so valuable a form of research.
In '
Boiui, II
an •'
,\ I ill the
.1. 1 ,..• 1,;,
ti.
ni . '
or thor* is a want oi atiout
draporv ; and, if tho thii .^ "b" line -
n ;l oltoct pocultiii
a '!at nnd dull. <
ti 'ntain muih â– >
i " IUp« of '
l^
ai
St7.U in li lie. it, lli.1.1'" iMiiLi '11 â– .[ t.i.n. I'w I) J
lioonard Smitheni.
V ibr MmM. O.Bali aivl
titar R«Mcb, wa hava
.„.. ..I,., ...It ,.f ( I, A
AiKOTiL' oxniiiiiles of llie a<1.>rniiiii:t nf t'
leas Re
pubti.li
tions to " Uud A|'
Mr. Haroittb Hundry
doSno»l as " Childmn ot all ^ ■••<.■■It is
childron "f tho m^is of from throe to t<-i
d •
It miiiiiior
,-.. .
book will appjal to " children of a larger growth."
« • •
It w i,ti.!.,liK' not -'eTieiiLlIv tri'-wri that tbo rt>\ived infer, -it
in his
of til - t.
Director ot ti v, to take »tvp» towanls an univarcal
catalogue of hi i.ortrails in tho country. \ cimjOeto
catalogue of thofo inloresting v-
valuame publication, and Mr f'n i
inventory which liax i
the view of oncou' *
;i' ' country lo r »
1 of such a c.i *
I ,..,.1 .... .1,.. . ..
I.. ...
Sons.
I
In the c«talog\ie of a onlleotion of miacellaneona booln
i.tly by >t " .. . - . .. ,^^ tj,^
entry : 'rago.
iM.M. ,., !•• " '•■Th»
first bid was
Is., but it ; o -lit
nior>', for Jli [ton's
t^lwanl King " cont lin 1
the book (ona of t
year a copy sold at "^ t
more.
• • •
There is at the present time a groat demand for old sonc-
l..,..l-« Tle.f ■• Tl... ITive •■1.11'. lis', O.I Ml l",,iir .Mi.in v.,i,K ..,
' 1 -it
I • .1
1 ictive of much un: it the < .f
t ,> of the poriixl -r nf-e. " '! s
I Dolighl," 1744, is a small t' n
I the rare ooen«ion« on which r n
topers th'i »
I in sock. > s
1 of il ;i» •• i:;.- i.r
I •• T; en " and " 1'.
I nali.tii -"'feet. In ion.
alt old si love of sport or
help to li.. - ..,((...1,1
• • •
The Society for Pni ^
an Historical Church A
and Western Chri8tonii..m unti
the Anglican Communion until tl
MClure, M.A.
II
II, .UmI t::.it of
By Mr. Edmund
28
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
•r»>-> •^rivl by Mr. Lvti«1«ii» nt ihe ,>W (question " Shkll we
-,, iM—tt ' r* of Calvirloy hi«
5, , oa Alex: which i» instinct
^. . «>( Uio Lovvr k'lUU i'otm. It Wgan, if we
rv: . in this vein : —
Irr, vir rliiru«, »ixit io orbe,
. nu puKnaril, robot* forti*.
onl of the conqueror's career in a spirit of
<n. thus : —
:•■. •lericto* morte trsmendm,
not, carte mors borride re* e«t.
• • • *
;- ;. ;., •1,.. «tyle of " Tentavi muinlum" (" I've tried
,!• Ixiv who, no doubt untirelv to his own
^:. 1 " ^\'â– o knew tho nierrj- world waa round,"
â– IucuimIuu mundiuu cognovimus eue rotunduin.
tl.
As an apt commentary on the work on his father's
life wh- '■' •' '" '— " •"■<( comi>lete«l comes n little
^rork < vson, published by Messrs.
li fi..' isly with thf great biography
« II." '• The Ago of Tennyson '
is i^h Literature, edited by Pro-
feMor Hales, ami it has bei-n iirecode 1 by similar v<ilumeii on
Milton. Dryden, Pope, and Wonlsworth, or rather on the perio<l8
in which each one of tho.'^j poets was tho chief literary figure.
Mr. H. Frank Heath has undertaken the »;;e of Alfred, Professor
Halea himself that of Chaucer and SlmkesiHjare, and Mr. Thomas
Seocombo that of .Johnson.
' '" ijihy which we notice elsewhere,
f. his father showed as to the spell-
11 I. HI. Ill -j. .iking of the early poems ho calls
t. did the author of them on the titlo-pago of
ti.. ..i..^^ .. "i'lished in 1R42, containing '• Morte d'Arthur,
Dora, and i." Hy 18r>!t the form Idyll was adopted ;
but it is ci.r t in the line in the " Princess" : —
I bflanl hrr turn the \»g« : ahr found a small Sweet Idyl,
the ■■••ril li.i-i .iln-.ivs rimaiiicd as it was first written.
Mr. 1. i,,|.l.- .Scotfs • Ii<H.k Sales of the Year 18:»7 " will be
n.iily 111 >•■<• tid^r. It will contuin indexes of names and sub-
jecf. peni- 'Mi-tion, notes, and, as a now feature, a notice
of three . American book sales. The publishers are
Messrs. George Ivll and Sons.
• • * «
" Hollandia," a Dutch weekly for all Hollanders abroad,
will be I ir ' .t 110, St. Martin's-lane, London, W.C., on
Satunlay, 6. It will be conducted by Mr. J. T.
<>rein, and jii^>!i ./<>,ianua Volz will be tlie asaistant editor.
T List Diarv and Naval Handbook, anew pub-
licati' : to form a S'aval Annual, in conjunction with
I>«an'a Koyal Navy Ijist, reeonling the progress of the British
Navv. It will contain a Summary of the Year's Naval Progress,
by I*rofe«sor J. K. Laugbton, the Navy Kstimates for 18i)7-U8, a
<'alen<larof Naval Kvents, the Naval Honours and Obituary fur tho
Year, a Full Account of tho Celestial Phenomena for 1898, with
notes, tables, articles, &c.
Messrs. Macmillan announce for publication ''The Scientific
Paiiers of T. H. Huxley," in four volumes. These will con-
► ' * ' t!io most port'' ' from tho journals »f scientific
jnafAxiuwi, ar jiiblications. They will bo
troll.' > I'fofeMor Mieluivi koxi^-i.
Mr. Bernard P. Grunfell, who, in conjunction with Mr.
*">••' >^ II..... -K 1 .!.„ .. < ■' our Lonl," has
I. tho mo<lorn
r " yiiccliUB, for the
lion Fund for
1 ' (four chapters
entury. Mr. Froudo
I by these authors,
" '■"» - o Logia,'' apiwara lu the current numlier of
Md.lurtt .
Messrs. Macmillan bare issued a little pampblot describing
the new premises they are taking in St. Martin 's-stroot. The
site is an interesting one. Onoe there stiod there an old
Kalleriml inn, tho Nag's Head. Stryj* (17-t>) describes St.
Martin 's-street as " fronting upon I.ieico8ter-fiel(ls and fulling
into HedL'c-lano, a handsome ooen place, with very good build-
ings for the generality, and well inhabited.'' It was in a house
on tho east side of St. Martm's-stroot that Sir Isaac Newton
lived lietweon tho years 1710 and 1726, and in the same houso
Dr. liurney resided at a later periixl, and his daughter, Fanny
Bumoy, wrote " Kvelinu " there.
»
Mr. H. J. Morgan has long been well known in Canada as an
exjH'rienced and capable cluonicler of lives and of events, and
probably no man in tho Dominion has done more than ho has
in the deiiartnient of biography and bibliogropliy. His
" Celebrated Canadians " appeared nmro than a ipiarlor of a
century ago. He is now issuing a '' Canadian Men and Women
of the Time," which should prove a serviceable book of reference
both in England and Canada.
« « • «
Among other architectural works Messrs. Hatsford announce
a book on Stained and Painted lilass.by Mr. Lewis Day, entitled
" Windows."
• •
Mr. H. M. Stanley, in his few words of preface to a new and
cheaper edition of In Dakkkst Africa (Sampson Low, 58.),
says his principal object in consenting to this reissue of his
fascinating narrative has been toextt)n(Tknowle<lge of Kquatorial
Africa and to enable a wider circle of readers to take an intel-
ligent interest in '" the developments that are being constantly
matle there by tho Congo State, Groat Britain, and (iermany,
tho three Powers that aro now in ixissession of the legions
traversed by our expedition." Mr. Stanley does not think the
work in its new form can be '' remunerative to either author or
publishers," but really there does not seem to bo any need for
B-.:ch a gloomy and self-denying forecast. On the contrary, tho
venture ought to pay well, tor there must be a large class of
readers stilt unacijuainted with " In Darkest Africa," as well as
many who road tho book at tho time of its publication, but will
be very glad of the opportunity offered them to possess it. It
is unnecessary now to sing the praises of this striking record of
awondciful achievement. All wo need do is to mention that it
bas been subjected to thorough revision and ]iarti.ll re-arrango-
ment, with the result that tho interest of the story of Kiiiin
Pasha's relief is now sustaineil even better than when it first
appeare<l seven years ago.
« « « «
Signer Negri, whoso new l)ook of essays is included in our
listof publications, is one of the most brilliant of Italian essayists.
He has, in addition to his literary reputation, considerable
political influence, having for many years been mayor of Milan
and a Deputy. Ho is now a member of tho Senate. His essaj'S
have recently been placed on tho Index in spite of their author's
tendency towards clericalism.
« « * «
Hermann Ruhr, tho Austrian critic who has espoused the
cause of Maeterlinck, and preached it with much iiersuasiveness
to the German-siioaking world, has recently |>ubli.ilie<l a volume
of critical studies of mo<lei-n writ«'rs under the title of " Renais-
sance." He represents the progressive nuKlerns, ospocially those
of Vienna, since ho api oals in the first jilaco to the literary
public of that cajiital through his weekly journal. Die Xeit, and
endeavours to kindle its enthusiasm for his liberal ideas. Some
of the most int I .Miys in the Iwiok are those which deal
with E. T. A. I , Sailier Masocli, (ieorg von ()mpte<la,
l.«ura 3Iarholiii, .ioiiiiiina Ambrosiiis, and Kikarda Huch.
« • «
Readers of Oormon fiction will lie intcrost<«l in a series of
stories by Austrian writers eiititlo<l " Er/.alilungon aus Oestor-
reich " (Leipr.ig ; H. Mover). Tho finst place among them
roust be given to Adolf I'icliler with " Allerlei Geschiditeii
aus Tirol," ond " Jochrauten," which contain very faithful and
living descriptions of the Tyroleso.
• « * •
The literature of peace has lieen much Bcofrc<1 at in Germanv,
but it is already considerable in that country, and is constantly
growing. Tho last accession to it is a volume entitled " Pax
Vobiscum," by H. Newesely and A. Ronk (Munich and Loip/.ig :
August Schupp). The little book includes a number uf {jucms,
October 23, 1897.]
MTKHATURE.
29
lei;t>nda, viaionM. and to forth, kll pointing ths Mm* roormi—
that war and ciiiullin); hIiduM bo aloilinlu-d. Hnnn of Ht-rr
Itoiil<'M iiotiinH huvti nireailv bcon traiislutixl into ^'^l>noh and
Engliah by aymiiathiKoiH wit^ liis viuwa.
« « • •
Thti extraordinary rovivnl of intoreat in Nnjioleon liiinaparto
is l>y no nieanM oxhau.ite<l. Fn?clt?rio ManHon lini< bruiiiiht out
(lUirol.l'ariB) a voliimu ontltltKl " Mariu WawluHka," in wliicli arv
published a numbur of lutterH written by Na|Milcon I. to thu
PoliHh Countens wlio bfcann- the ninthrr of C'l'iint Wawb'ski.
Tliti voluiiio iH illuRtrati'd l)y Harold and Nittii. ami iiiajiiHirvntly
tho first of a sorius to \tv i-ntitltHl " Loa Maitrus««» du Nap<doon.
« « « «
It ia pr>d)al>lo that " TiOv Hoia do la Kuo," the novel at
which (lyp ia n^w working, in another nnti-Sumitiu aoriea of
skntchua, for thu C'ointooao do Martul, ourioualy ciinu;;!!, ia one
of tho moat uxteciniMl authors of tho gruat oublialiinK houao,
Caluiann Lovy, but tho tirin, tlio jMirlnors of wliich liavo alwaya
i)Oon Jowish, do not caru to publish violi'iit uiiti-Suniitic litora-
ture. Accordingly wlionovor tho vorsatilo uuiliorrHS of " F'tit
Bob" wishes to nave a tilt at the Jewish linan'-iers who play
such a part in niodorn French life, she teni|Hirarily tranafvrH her
business to M. Faaquello, who is now the head of the Maiaon
Charpentier.
« « « «
It is not generally known that the brilliantly clever. If
occasionally coarse, illustrations accompanying aomo of fiyp'a
satires on I'aris life, and sij;ned " P'tit Hob," aro really her own
work. Thoro is little doubt that, had she cared to dovoto hcrsulf
to art instead of to literature, she might have made a great name
among Continental caricaturists. Kvon now she spends many
hours of each day in her sttidiu, hor literary work all being done
between the hours of II p.m. and :{ a.m.
«•»■»»
The Rente <le Pnri.i announces among its forthcoming publica-
tions the following novels in serial form :— "Qiiinzo Ans de
Mariago," by Alphonse Daudet ; " La Sevo," by I'aul Uourget ;
'' I/Ilo d'Amour," by .\natolo Franco ; and translations from
Gabriel D'Annunzio and George Gissing.
* « •
A capital translation of Edmond About's amn.sing tolo Lr
Jioi ilc.H Miiiitd'incs has been made by .Mr. Richaril Davey, and
"Tho Kinq of the Mountains" (Heinemann) is sure to l)o road by
many to whom tho original is unknown. The fact that (iroeco
has l)oen so much to the front lately, and that wo have all littcome
familiar with the names at any rate of the <listricts and places
whore brigands once tlourisheil, makes the issue of the book at
this moment singularly opportune. Mr. Andrew Lang con-
tributes an introduction, in which ho compares brigandage in
Groeco with tho outlawry and organized roliln-ry which at a not
very remote period of history made tho Highlands of Scotland
<langerous travelling-ground.
» « « «
It should bo specially interesting to snch English readers as
follow most attentively tho literary movement in Franco to
hear that tho famous little series of M. Gustavo lielfroy's
volumes of art criticism " La Vie Artisticpio," which M.
Dontu used to publish, has been taken over by M. H.
Floury, tlie bookseller and publishor recently e.stabliahed in the
lloulcvard des Oapucines, and that henceforth it ia .M. Floury'a
name which is to appear on the title-page of tlieso volumea. The
fifth series, indeed, which has just come out, l»oar* tho name of
H. Floury, and is still published at 6f. in tho samo form and on
tho samo jxipier de hire as were the four earlier volumes. It
contains a lithograph by Fantin-Latour, and the most notable
of AL (ioU'roy's articles of the past year.
« « « «
The famous " Essay on Comedy," by Mr. George Meredith,
has just been translated into French by Mr. Honry D. Davray,
and printed in tho September and October num)>ers of the
Mercure de France. Re-read in tho language most congenial
to the comic spirit, the essay seems even liner than in the
original. The French tongue invariably gives a larger signifi-
cance to all hut the happiest phrases of tlio few artists in style
who speak in other languages. \n illustration of this can !)«
found in tho French translations of Ryroii, where some of the
most careless jingles, transposed into the statelier rhythm of
ood French prose, become reminiscent of the music of the Old
.'estament. A good instance of this is to he found in the thirtl
canto of " Childo Harold " in Daniel Lesueur's translation.
Tho atmospliere is tli.it of Oberniaun or Ossian, even at times of
Job.
!;
BIBUOORAPHT.
THE HATTLE OF TKAFAUSAR.
' bven iliaciiiuu
.(:.!;-ar, and f. ..
to
u tiiaa
In ths
>AI.IHIH». Ol TIIK ll^ilH or
. M.D. IiW7. ZiiU Ed., 1006.
\'li'*-Al>MIIIAL Ia>KD Vlaiot-NT
("larko and John
?hrr. 1813
h
of 1
mm
giv.
t«ttlu flOlll
round thu mil
A
Nr.
A li"|u oil l'\
DKaFATi'lli
Nelson I'. i.
out! arra
LirK >
M'Arthiir. 2 rola. ItMf. 2nd hd
Lire or HoBATiu, Loan Nn -I'x
(a |M>pular lMH>k, but tho i -nm
uDtrui>tworthy aourcuit). An . .ed
in IHiH), and tho Life was uicluUcU in Uw li!ia|>iu Lloaalcs in
the sanio viiar.
«'. '•■•' ' .in'a Imlikn«« nr 8ka PowKk npr<n th*
Fri Koipiro. >' vol*. 1803. Lira or Nklsov.
2 V
I': I K. Laughton'a " Sroav of Tuatauiau." 18B0.
Nki ,...,jli'<h Men of Action), 1806, and Thb Nsutosi
Mkmoui «i., 1MN>.
Mr. Altrtxl Morriaon'a Hamilton axd Nklsos pAraaa,
18i»-18l)4.
DiiTioNARr or Natiokal BiofiHArBT. Kelson, Collingvood,
Hardy.
Tub ANRUALRKaisTKR. 1«0R. Chap XVTIT. (p 2i:»).
CoMnAT nr Tkatauiak. V y i ado to
the MiniHt<.'r if Marino anil cms, in
command of La }<â– ''' a.
CoMBATK DR Ti: .1 a vin-
<lication of the .'^|i.oi;:)ii .-«il\\ .i_ m.^i III*' ' oijuiii'UA aaaor-
tiona ' of M. Thiers.) Publishotl at Madrid, 18uU.
Other works aro : —
HisToiuK iiKs Combats k'Ahoi kih, i>b TnArAi.ii\K, de Liksa,
DC Cap Fimsti^rb rr di PLt'siciRs At'TKCs bataillbs xavalbji
DBPi'is 17U6 4usqv'bk 1813. Par un Oapitain* de Vaisaoau.
1820.
HoHiTio VistoisT ^ Hy Verita. 1801. Written in
connexion with tho Nu. .lion of 18UI.
LiPB or Nklson. liv M. H. Itarker, tlie '• Old S*ilor." (A
large collection of anecdotes about Nelson.)
Memoiu or THB LicB or AuMiKAL Sib Eowabd CoDKixoTus.
By Lady Uourchier. 2 vola. IWCt.
Pi ULii- AND Pkivatk Lu K or N- •■* '' ■- ■' iiolf, bis
Comrades, and hia Friends. IK '1.
<;i.i.,v- NIaKITIUKS DE Li ti ... Vol.2.
Bo
C > nr.Ni-B or Vk'b-Admikal LoBoCoiuxowooD. By
G. L. Newnham Collingwnod. 1828.
J. Harrison'a I..irK or Neusos. 1A06. (Written under the
dictation of Lady Hamilton.)
Naval History op Gbkat Britain from the Declaration of
War by Franco in 1793 to the Accession uf George IV. Bjr
William Jaiiios. U vols.
Naval UioaBAPUv or Grkat Bbitaix. By James Ralfe.
4 vols. 1828.
NeL-SOS AND the NaV 'â– 'â– ' '" vND. By W. C.
Ruasell. (Heroes of tl;
Bataillbs Navalbs i... ... i ... ... . ... ; .. Troude. 4 toIj.
18t!T-«8.
Alison's Histort or Eurofb daring the French Revolution,
1789-1815.
Vioe-Admiral \V. S. Lovoll's Pbrboxal Narratitr or
Events pkom ITW To 1' '
British Battles by i Ska. Bt James Grant. 3 rols.
1882.
Battles op thr RRmsM Navt. By Joseph Allen. 2 rols. 18B8.
Hi.xToRY OK Til II Navt to the Pbbsk.nt Time. By
Professor C. D. > ds.
Naval BiooRAriiic Ai i'oTioN* " " "' " 'â– " 18(0.
Britain's Naval Power. A^ vrth ol
the British Navy from tho EaL^.-i. .,. , ^,ir. By
Hamilton Willianis. 1804.
Eni-NBVRou Review. Vols. 136, 140, IW.
QcARTERLT Bevisw. Vol. 3.
30
LITERATURE.
"October 23, 1897.
LIST OP NEW BOOKS.
ir- ••*««•# «uk itwiulgenrt for pomtible itmrrumcUn niul omiMtiotts in ihi« /iV. So many Booka long pu bllnhctl Tint* been aent
i« that tee hatt bcrn obliged to make a neccamirily imperfect iicU-ctiun.
ART.
Lmm Chsta *'<Kuvv. Ilr Hrmrg
J^mf%. IttrU. UK.
Rimiwurd. U.
RAMorUMl^ook. BiBbraidMvd
wUk KtoTw Dimwtns* by Aahray
BiMililiy. D«nr Mna 61 pp.
Slonvfl fop ) I
D«oo r »tlon. i -
lUxi*: i l.'ili. ^va.. ix.-.«i> pp.
Th* r
XV
lll.«r.:
I on
â– Mine
H
A History of
Re:
r
s
lOS pp. Lot
."«.
A
Ctm.;;.'""!..'
BIOORAPHY.
L:' ' '
RalOCh. S'
" -
1
i:ii t'f- l^
SeoU. «?•-
I'mrln. 4-
â– 'â– firon/'
-••ri«B>.i
l-o-J
ii and
I^OIfi.
lii.6d.
T^pnap. Th«
Turner. H.A
I.
M.W.
• C(.T»
'! -
ij _ , 11 ; ;
1^ >â– .
\
Pnisally. -A M«inp>
F.R8..
Hoiccttun
fniw M» coTT— po n d i c*.
Tha Conn>
the 1C..!11
A>-> Ml.-:
It. r.y.l^r
2^1. p. U
ApazzI antlchi e moderal des-
ri-I'M " lllii..t r-i.il Hy I'utro
sixr
Hieoii: ~.
f— III tViniK'jr.
• xtin.. Ml pp. 1
lâ– .<.i.^S.
I. 18».
John Huntep : Man uf s<'it>nr«
8ei1c-
l«r. I- :-.h. I I 11" i:i. ;i~, i-l.
AutobloKPaphy of Madame
Orivr-" 1 ' ••■-> II '•'â–
Ulyasas 8. Orant nnd the rcrind
oFx.in.Mii.i i'-,..:>. >.,,.!, ;.i,.i i;...
maxv
O kmi'
nilll.>|
'. New Vurk nml Ixfiuluii.
Putnnm'H Sodk. jh.
Tho House)
ettes. 1!
I'l.rlmlli.
minolcr, \&r,.
^'iiki^liJtlAii. loo.
BOOKS FOR THE YOU NO.
Franco. Ilv Mnr^i C. limrttrU.
iTlic tliiUlrcn'ii Study.) 8vo., ac! pp.
I>ondon, 1W7.
FUhcrUnwin. as. 6d.
1 '"s Kinsman. Rv
irhi.^ll',: With kIx
- by W. H. MiirKOtMon.
^tu., 2Ji> up. I^oodon, 1898.
Blackie. 4a.
from Of .
'Til. (Tl
. Mi iip. I
F i.««hcr LnvMii.
.tAi.
Paris at Bay
Jilockiu. <ta.
CLASSICAL^
The Italic DIalocts l-Mllnl. with
;»( "-.Ml.. \T % I
bridifc, 1807.
Sophocles '
I'li.j- F-'
linn, b) /â–
:|'6lln.. 3Bt
Vn.
Works of Archtmedos.
EDUCATIONAU |
Studies In Board Schools. Hy ,
<'liiirl,H MitrUy. 7%..'i'.lii..3inpp. 1
I.t>mli>n. IMSi;. .Smith. Klilrr. fiM. I
r\. â– .â– '.â– ,.â– â– ... â– ,. A: ..; .
The UlL.tl Iv.li.
Crown Svo., 477 ;
Smallep History of Oreeoe.
Ilv Sir tt'iltittm Smith. \ m-w
J-xlitiun, IboruuKblv nivlHt-il by
(i. K. Mnvimllii. '7* v .lin., a« I'l.'-
Liinilon, 1.S!I7. Murray.
n Story of tho
t'oninniue. By
With ElKht
.^Innloy L. Wotxl,
^v. 1. .:..>; 1. 11. i.uudun, IXK
UlacUe. 88.
Sl--'^^ r-r' r-.T-.- Tales. Jij
'». TrniiH-
iiicT. With
!â– > .\ ! I i.iir .1. GaHkill.
London. 1W»7.
GoorKO Alien.
S'> ut Eng-llsh Bowrman. KcIiik
\ <if < hi\alr^' in thi' l>ii\>4 0f
ill I ' . I.'. 1 1 • .. I . i
Red Apple and Silver Bells.
A l'..-.k ..( \ • < -. I, IV CImMi,.!, ,.r
l>. t>l.
-.xvi.','
•SVi III..
3s. Ikl.
Sn Ml story of Rome. Hy
n Smith. Ni'W and
riM~<il Kdition by
A. 11. J. OrouiiidKu. 7ixMn.,:Mil p|i.
London. 18SI7. Murray. 3h. Ud.
Story of the lonio Revolt and
Persian War. ,\-< Iniil by
llcriHi.iH;-. -<clc.-tir,n~ fn'iii Ibi'
.-ill! ,<. lioul.
tratiuns. :
don. 1XSI7.
Jxillii-. if-'pp. I.""-
-Murray. It. il<l.
Herodotus :
Ka\vliiisiii).
II. Itv
^ intra.
The Text of (1111.111
I'l-atislatiuii, with I 111'
r -. I.. ,.'... I n. I I /;ra /i/,
M Ibo
.' V oIm.
. i -'.IM.. .(-._ ,.|i. ,,..;..,. .11. I -'.!..
.Murray.
Republic of Plato. I'lliii <!. ^^ iih
cntiiuil .S'ot(v and an I' >
on the text, by J(i:
Kcllow ami Tiit.ir .n .1
• '(ilk'Kt'. ' V>; jjiii.,
:ajpp. c-.i '7.
I .1 'ittw. 4«. 6d_
Vlttorino da Peltpe. and other
HiiiuitniHt Kdnrainrw. K.'wayrt and
VerwiunM. ir ' " ' *" " f<> the
Hintoo' of I
H'itliinn I
1 ' :t r.niu ill lull Ml > irturia
' 7]xi>iln., 'i30 pp. tniii
liiivir-lly I'lvsK. fl».
Chapters on the Alms and
Praelleo of Tonnhlnu-. IMild
bv !•â–
the I
turc : L - -
North UaliK. 7j'^iiii., --1 '
Cambridge, IHirr.
I'nivernlty Prr;--. i -.
Rome tho Middle of the
World, liv I7,r. rvirffnrr. Hl»-
toriral I.' Ncwnhani
(i.lIiKe, ' "J>51in.,
ax) pp. l.'<,
Arnold. .'Ih. (iil.
Arnold of Rufcby : Ilix » IhuiI
!â– '.. - '-â– i.-. ...
durtlon bv
TJ..'.lin., X
1->" 1 ,.â– ..â– ! M ^ 111-. ..-.
11' i.iontary Course of Inflnl-
:t iiiiil Ciilculuw. H. //..'â– '.
I a,
i l>il> i'n
i:
Theot»v of Oroups
Orclnr. •■'â– 'â–
In Finite
FICTION.
Broken Arcs. Hy Christnphrr
Ilarr. l"r. Hvo.. :ili pp. I.ondon
llani^r. fl«.
r\n nnr\
and New York, IS1I7.
'nin Mansi
Iter's Hands.
ftjitrnsint. 'I'm
... \iir«4'fcittn. 7.'ii ~~. ,-,-.
Liiiiduu. 1.H1I7. Heiuumaiin. Jm.
Dellle Jock. Bv C. M. Camp-
bill 7] ■.•.iln.,MJpp. I...lidnn.l-.1i7.
A. I). Iliiii - I.-.
Diamante Nero. Hy
Hiirrili. Ifiiiio., :M8 pp.
ISt7.
Father and Son. By
t'litrrmn. (The Tlmen
Serli-t.l <"r. Svo.. :tt)
.1
Novel
Jip. l.,ondoii
larper. tin.
Oadfly, The. Hy K. L. foj/nirA.
;)7:! lip. I.iindon. IXC.
W'illiaiii lleineinanii. l><.
Ooor^e Malcolm. Hy Hu'irut
Sitntni, I.4irKu crown 8vo., IHS iip.
London, 18U7.
Bliiw, SandM, and Co. S«.
Laurrence Claverlngr. Bv
II'. Miisun, Svo., .Wiiip. 1
IWC. A. II. Inn.
Lords of the 'World. .\ Siory of
tlie l-"ali i.f *'arlliiiKe and Corinth.
Hy tlH' yf< I-. Allrril J. Chnrih.
With 12 IIIuHtmtloiiH by I: .l|.li
Pctteoek. 8vo., 384 pp. I. in.
l.sar. Bhiokie. !»..
1,'Annee de Clarlsse. By J'nul
AiUim. I'ari.-., 18(17.
ollendorfT. 3',<.f.
Malme o' the Corner. Uy Mm.
/•'. Illiniil.ll. Cr. ^vo.. doth. :titt
lip. Ijontlou and New S'ork. \Wi.
Harper. 11k.
March on London, ii. i.l- .. m..iv
of Wat TvlerV
(I. . I. Unit u. \\
tlon.s bv W. H. .\
Xi'l pp. I.ondon, l^i'7. HUckic. .m.
Menotah : a Tale of tho Kiel
' ' " * ' ' il. Itfnhtim.
i.ivv. C'rowi*
Misanthrope'^
tin y. Crown ^\
LSI 17.
NIobe.
i'y7.
Applloc] M
Some Observations of the
Foster Parent. H\ Jnhn ■•
('hiirlrx Tnrrrr xx+ I
2Kipp. Wottllll: I
-tiio. en. '
^kciUii^UAi. (is.
By Jonan Lie. Translalod
Norwoirian by II. I...
Crown 8vo., 290 pp.
\\ 111:. nil Iletiienmnii. Cloth.
:fc.. ikl.
People of Clopton. By arorgc
liiirtrum. tS\'o.. i'ii» pp.
l-'iiher I'nwln. 6k.
Perpetua. .\ Storv ..f Nlin. ^ In
A.lT. I'l:!. By «. III!
.M.A. Crowu 8vo., 31ir
Prisoners of Conscience. By
.Imiliii K Ittirr. ^\-.i.. 'Jlo pp.
Klhhir I • <•■.
Rash Verdict. By /
•J vols. 8vo., 2117 pj*. 1.
J 1. :
Soldiers of Fortune. By/.'. . '
ilnnlitnj i><jriH. With six inn-
tnitloHH by Charlen liana <.fib^^>n.
8vo., as» pp. Uiiidon, ix:i7.
llcineinaiin.
Temple of Folly, cbaptei.. f m
tliell.sik of .Mr. Fairfax the I n,i,
elK4:4in. f>lit4.'<l by l*uiU VrmunJ..
â– /71 pp. London, 181(7.
KlHhor Unwln. Ok.
Temptation. Bv (Imham Irrlnn.
I.V.... L'l.l pp. W ani. Uiek. ;k «<l.
Tho Mnntlan. By (I. Dii
imp. Itimti., elolh, ^ilt
1.. I»ndon anil New
HartM-'r. (V.
Tormentor. By Hrniomin Siri/t.
8vo., ',»« pp. I.oiidiin. I81»7.
T. Kl-her lnw1n. Bit.
Torrents of BoPlnK. By /rem
Tiirjfrnrr. Traii-l.f ..I fr.iiii the
Kiinxlnn by C..: • . n. it.
7a4]Iii., (Wjpp. I
.: II. >.
October 23, 1897.]
LITERATURK
81
VAlth Moope at Copunns. Ilr
a. t II' niu. Willi I.; iiliiKimil.iiin
li) Will I'liifii. iSiii.. :i-i I'p- l."i>-
iliin. Ill.u'kli'. I'M.
Sketohea tvom Old Vlpjrlnla-
lly A. U. Jlrmllru. « • .Mil.. i'*4 pp.
Luiidun nnti Now York. Iiiii;.
MiU'iiiiUiin. (1*1.
The Water of the AVondPoua
Islea. Iiv Willitiin .Uofi'i..!. s\,i.,
nj .'.ji".. •'^1 pp. I.niiiliiii. !'<'":.
Lnli^liijtii.1. 7h. tht.
Kathop Dunbar ; nr. ViiiKi'iiiifo
l» .MliK', Hy Klizii K r,<ll<ird.
Hvo., 7t».MIii.. :r.1i pp. Uiiiilim.
IW7. H. W. l-iiririilKiMtml Co. 2h.
Tang'led Thraada. lly Karnr
NtiKiii. Kvo., 7i>5ln., XiO pp.
I^iiiitliiii. IXIT.
S. W. I'nrlriilKoniiil Co. Jh.
Anothep'a Burden. Hy Jamm
I'liun. Ti^.'iliii. IT'.lpp. L<'ii<li>n.
I«I7. Iiiiwiiry. :ix.M.
Talea of the Rook, lly Mmy
AntUi-Htin. Willi fimi- ttliiHtnit iiiiiH
by H. .S. I,o Kiiim. 7} ^ .'illii.. IKKi pii..
I.K>ii(I(>n, 18U7. Downey. 3«.t!il.
One of the Bpoken Bplgrade.
Bv (Vi'iv I'hilliiip.i lii,ll,y. ;j •
SJill.. -.Tit pp. I.<illilntl. 1MI7.
.•^lllilll. Kl.liT. li*.
The L/ordahlp, the Paaaen,
and We. Hy F. T. Jmu-. s.- .'ijlu.,
:il'J pp. l.iiliiliin.lS',17. Iniu',.'. tiM.
Mona St. Clntre. Hy .Innir K.
Atin.'^trotii/. With HriLi III. tl 111 ii .tni-
UoilH liy (>. IK'Ulitln !â– U.I.
7]x5iln., 311 pp. I..
\'. . ikl.
In Spite of Pate. Hy Silim K.
JlurX'inu, ll]iiKtT)iIt.(l by Kloruiu'o
Uf.ii..4(in. 8 .N.'Vitii., 4ii8 lip. LdiKlnii,
l.'«>7. W anif. ;!h. «iI.
Icelandic Fairy Tales. I'mnx.
liltcil anil «.<liUKl by .Urn. A. II'
Jlall. With (iritciiitil IlIUNtnitionH
by K. A. .Miicoii. 8..'<iiri.. 317 pp.
l^iiuliin. 1HK7. Wiirni'. 'M. fid.
Buahy : or, the .\dvonlun.s of n
(iirl. fly CyiUhia M. Wintori-r.
Ilhiiitmted by .1. .\. Walker. 7Jx
illii. 31!* pp. lAiniloii. IS!«;.
Chapman ami Hall. (K
Camera Luclda : or. SimnKO
1 'aH..^:ik'i^ ill I'liimiion l.ifc. Hy
itirthtt Thomas. "*•« > .'►lin., 131 pp.
UiikIiiii, 1,S!I7. .SanipMin Low.
In Years of Transition. Hv
Samiirl (Innlon. St % .'iliii., MU pp.
Londiiii. IS1I7. HIiKH, !Sand». (in.
David Dlmadale, .M.I>. A .storv
of I'liNtaiid Kutiiri'. liy Miiitrirc
H. Utrrev. "l-^.'iiin.. :m1 pp.
I.«ndoii. ISI7. Hodway. 3«. 6d.
The Naval Cadet: a story of
.\ilvi'iiliiri' on I. anil and .'^(â– a. Hy
(iiinloii Stdhlr.i, M.I)., with «i"x
IlhiHtrntions by William lUlni'v,
lt.1. 7rv,5in., a« p|i. London. IW.
Hlaikic. ;k 8d.
Odd Storlea. Hy Fra nre.'< yorl>r.s
li'nlitrtmn. 7i xijin., 31S p|i. Wi-st-
minstor. l.v.(7. I'onstablo. (in.
A Dau«'hter of Erin. Hy i'iolct
(I. Finny. With four IlliiKirntioiiH
by (}. Deiiiuin Hammond. 7JxAin.,
'iit pp. London, ISC.
HIackio. 2h. M.
Vrith Frederick the Great ;
a. story of the SoviMl Voars' War.
Hy (,'..( JItntu. Willi V2 Ill\i«tn\-
lioiiH by Wal I'atfi'I. 7Sx,^jln..
3!H pp. London, lsa7.
HInrkic. fis.
The Adventupes of St. Kevin,
and iitlirr IimhIi 'I'alos. Hv H. />.
Hn,irr.i. ,s ..•,Jin.. ■.in; pp. London,
"*'â– '"â– Swan bonnuiiMchoin.
El Capmen : .-V Komanrc of the
Itivi'r I'lnti'. Hy llrorae l'rami)ton.
With a KronllBpiwc by HarinKton
Hlrd. 8x51in., 'iKI pp. London. Ifai7.
_, J _ Hisby LonK.
Claude Duval of Ninety-Five.
A Homanccof thu Hoad, Hy ^Vruin
JIuiiic. .Svjjin.. ixi pp. l,<)iidon,
IW. riiK-by Lon«.
'When a Maiden Mapptes. Hy
Aiulrrw Drir. Sv.'ilin., ani pp.
London. Wr7. Hitcby Loiik.
The Slngep of Maply. Hv J.
Hooprr. IllmilmliHi by W. Cnbitt
Coote. SxSin., 259 pp. London, 1S»7.
Molliuen. tin.
The Pall of the Spappow. Hy
M. i: h'illl'iiur. S.iin.. Sti pp.
London. l.-i!i7. .Mcthiicn. tin.
The Faithful City. Hy Hcrbtrt
Mot-nih. Sxjin., 3o4 pp. I.«ndon,
IS''. Alcthucii. (J8.
The Lady'a Walk.
oliphttnt. K ilii.. Id lip
Itli. M..|)
The Makln* of a Prtc.
F.nlun .SA„.;,. H . ,,ll„.. Ill,
I-' U.ll.
Th<' Hedenu>llan : »
■|. Ill r I. v,.,.nt„n
I'r " - ..In.. .;
1WI7.
L,ady Roaalind : or . I
H^ Fmnui .ViirmhtUi. »'|.ailii.,
M.ImI IV,.
My Kn
'Jo! pp. London, IIVT.
API
.S7..
Ifa'a 'Way. Hy S-
7r-.'iiiii.,-j()opp. I
The Tree of Lit... '/u
,Sl/rrtl. K-.^iin., 3^7 i'li. l,,,:idi)li.
IW. Ijinr. «-.
The Two Cnptalns. Hv II'
'â– /.â– .1.
1",
1'"! , .. :. .. sv.
AVIthln Sound of OreatTom :
SloriiHi.f .M.«l..ninxf.iril. 7J <Alln..
'Mf.i pp. London. Ihir.
Oxfortl : Hlai-kwcll. Ixindon :
Slnipkln, .Mandiall .V.
Tho BuUdera. U\ ' ',rr.
7ix.'>lin.,3;).> pp. L.i
'in.
The ChloPs Wife. m
.1. n .tiiriiuiii. : .in.
London, 1V17. (111,.. I ,11.
Cecilia. Till- M..r.\ ..r 11 l.ni .Hid
Homr < 'in-tniHlainr... H.\ Sfitnlry
V. .Mokincer. b . .'liiti.. llLjiii. Lon-
don. l.S!r7. Lain.. .V
Death. The Knlf ht. and the
L.ady : a (IhoHt .siorv. ll\ II. ilr
I'err StarfHXjU Sx.'iln., U'A pn,
London, 1X117. Ijinc. 3». ud.
Derelicts. Hy William J. lMck€-
Sxiiin., 4U pp. London. 11W7.
Luno, 6h.
Max. Hy Julian Crnnakru. K > .^Jln..
,^Mi;i pp. London. 1MI7. {.jinv. Gk.
A Child In the Temple. Hy
h\-nnk Mnthru: 7J • .lin., 177 pp.
lyonilon. I.'<ti7. ln\w. Sn. (id.
Bladys of the Stevirponey. Hy
S. flitrinijiloulil. Illii-tLiiid by
K. H. Town^i-nd and H. MunnH.
8x,'.in., 3iyiip. London. 1SU7.
.Mrt linen. fW.
The Pomp of the Ljivllattea.
Hy tiilhrrt I'arktr. H ^ .lin., 'iSi lip.
London. I(«r7. .Mnhmm. 3ii. M.
An Attic In Bohemia : a I >inry
withont date-. Hy K II. I.acon
WatHon. "J x.'din,. ITfi pp. Ixindon.
1S97. Klkln Malhi.WH. .-w. lid.
Jason Edwards: an .\Mnik-i.
Man. Hy Hamlin liarland.
7J X jjin., '.'1,1 pp. .Vi'w York, l.'OT.
.\ppl(.ton. $1.*J,V
A Spoil of Offloe. Hy llnmlin
GarUmd. Now and Ki.vii.4.<l Kdi-
tlon. 7|x51in.,37.Spp. New York,
1897. Appleton. »l.i"i.
A Member of the Third
House : a Story of rolitiral
Warfare. Hy llamtin (iarlantl.
7Jxilin., '£19 pp. New York.
Appleton. fl.'iS.
VAayaldeCouptshlps. 'By Ham-
lin (warfamt. 7}x,'>lin.. 'J77 ti|i. New
Y'ork. isy7. .\ppleton. »l.a.
The Freedom of Henry Mere-
dyth. Hv .W. Hamilton. 7i ^ Ml"..
â– >7 pp. London. l.'^C
lleiru.inann. Hh.
La Rlforma Monetarla In
Russia: inorK.v-.iii.i f.uta per in-
cttH.'oilel mill; uni. Hy
Etfot If l.oriii ; lajn^niH.
8vo., -.'lli pp. 1
Eniiano Loei^chtir aiul Co, 6 lin).
OEOORAPHY.
^Vealth and Prosrress of New
South Wales, iBOS-e. Hy T.A.
Coyhian. (ioverninont Statistirian.
In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Ninth |.*..*ue.
8{ x5iin.. 491 pp. Sydney, ISC.
(iu.liek.
History of China, \\v\ng the
Hi..itonoal Chapters fnim " The
Miildle Kinicdom. Hv tlie Into
S. U'llln ir,lliiims. I'nifi-^^sor of
the I'liiii ' ' ■•■n«-
ture in ' 'n-
eludinK - ■''»*
ercnM u.. • .v.,. . .- v ■. .11"
'metor to Ottentnl
la UnlTMnlty. K.
,. -. 1.1 , p. I....I.1. ., i<r
'i:iisrlcaand the
r rtrtll • Krwoeh ' « i
â– TO., as |>p. I
Hln'
I
I. â– â– I.J.. Zfi
-touKtitoa. k.
Journal o. a Tour In ths
United Btatas. Canada, aad
Mt>« lof> II '1 .....-./ I ,,,lfi
II â– '.
I r.
ItVi
*,
Uti
lis.
• ■'
uH
•d.
Pm.
Jo
•*;itu.., uui 1
CO
-^ '- . . •
Ne<A
1:
iU
â– in
nil..
8vo.. in,
Oreovo lii
Cfr.
K:
Map ,11,..
MO pp. I
â– A.
Iio
'Ji .. tull.,
ite, ad.
Chinese Charaoterlstlos. Hjr
Arthur //, .Stiii/A •*J vi.nrH il nili»-
«l'.: ' • ' • '■-Mn
CI, .<1
wr ;.p.
J:.!! IK.. •> .o-
■«.
The Gist of Japan i».
th. i
lb.
of
Jnimii, \^ ltd i:
317 pp. liUlli.
Nature and Sport In Boutta
A.rlea. Hv //. A. llr^iUn.
71 -i^in.. 314 |.i. I ;- .
tl. . .-.<
Gleanings In ; .la.
.Sii|,h, , ,.' II
Ka;
to:
lui;
8vu., 2ub pp. Hiu'pcr. da.
HISTORY.
Border Battles and Battle
Plelcln. II. .;., ;.■../... , «,t|,
Hi.
H.
I'r. , , ......
J. anil J. H. liutlirrfttnt.
Europe In the )0th Century,
l**""^* llurupnui
Hi .lokHmon.
t K«7.
i; .\ .i.i4f,.ii. 7*. (kl.
History of Enslaad. Hy
Chart, â– . (hn.in. .' v., I-. I'.irt 1.,
fn. ^ l>,
U> r.
»\.
\i\. .-
Loat Emplrea of the Modern
World: t^-wyH 111 liiii.r ..
Hiolory. Hy H'mUr Fmr. :, ;. .
Crown »%o,, 3S2pp. Lomli.t. i".
lUnl.ri.
Storla dl Vlttorlo Amedeo II.
Hy Corw^fi. Svo., G24 pp. Turin.
i.><ii7. i:r.
A Handbook of European
History, C-v !-CI.l'hr..ii..;.v-;.'.i:h
Ai: • .'/.
St. ,.i
Cli .^3
pp. 1- I'.:.. 1V7.
MncmiUan. fc.6d.
The Klnx's Storv Book. WiiiK
H.- ..f
Kl - ;.i
111
li>
to \
an
fY), .,y
Ha
W.
t. oiii.u«ble« Ii...
The Camp of RafUss. Hv
f*'.- "•.■•'..•■.- '-'.'...l. Willi
lilt i;...r,.-,.
La .l.il.l,
â– p.
Chatto and WIimIiml m. Ike nL
LAW.
Greenwroofl'n Mnntial of tha
Fi-.i ..«.
W u
Law of Motor Car-
and other Carr:.
^, Itaitnfr. of t.'n J^
»vo., :.,i \,\: I... I,. I.
Modant Law of Real
party. Ht 'i.. < >
rrr. 4ih f..|i.
W. Klplii..-:...
Arthur In. k- . _
LuiMlun, \M1.
8wse( and MaxwcIL
.rd
â– Ml
-P(k
tu.
r. ... : 7. , . ,,,
â– '-.
A.
Aiaxwatt. Ba
Bnoyoloptsdla of tha Laws of
Bngland. l ti.!. ' •!:.. iri-nrral
v..
bv
OkJl . :*<> ? .iU pp. l>.niloti, PV7.
Sweat aad MaxweU. «l|nrTQl
LITERARY.
Tha Llt^mry Hlitory of tha
Atii. 'â– -.,3.
171.
Style. H^ ri..
I»pp- I :»
A V h,
« .<
M, . . - .,;...
Ui pt>* Lulxluu. i<M.
Methuen. SkW.
T-> "â– . ind
Ixx
V, ^^i»7>M«i^ai^
id
.i^UL
CrItl. • • r. -, -
M.
'• ' , L.nuTi
I«.«d.
Dante's A Question of tha
Water and of the Land.
1 r„. ...... . i . -. .... ,,n
ll.' rm
H
1' .-... -.^
Letters and other Unpub-
lished Wicinu-.. nf Walter
Savasr .,,1 hjr
Strphrn rtraitn.
.Mo., ivl , , . . ,.
Hcnilry.
Shakapearv, Puritan and
• 11.
' ' ;'p. L-iinbur^band
Lo:
Ollphant. »i.6d.
Talks on the Study of Litera-
ture. Hy .III.) II, •■r -•_ 'j,,^
■-♦*. pp. H.^t<.n aii.l N r'
li. .K.
MedltarlonI t^onda.
Cnliiial |.-.v*^\^ . Sf^pri,
STcjuipp. .\:
Linco iicK^pu. ftUre,
82
LITERATURE.
[October 23, 1897.
Journals of DopoUiy WOMl^
wopth. K.liu<tl hi irmimm
Pt>. I...!..|..h, l-W.
The >< I nd
Ihr
New
- V.
Null. tin.
Th« DUpv of Miwt«p William
SUenrr-
alM'.
< nd Haui
Scott,
Bha k — paa i '«'» Hepolnes. By
.innn Jiimrmtn. With 'S* )Mtrtniit>
of fi>mim> plAvrn- in cbaractar.
Stx&^iii. 341 i>|>. iMxtdaa^MK.
(ieotseBeU. Si.
nnyson. ByHti
of
,.1 ^ r
The
u
1
ii
.U«papy Apt. Ilr
XlX.-Cen
//
^•°«= ANDOUIDi^ t^^^n.3.
I nuldaa to ihr (ircnl
Urt'rtt \\'tv*tfni. Aiitl
JsuuLU fimtfini ItaUwBTn.
CMwdk 3d. each.
MILITARY.
Cuba In Wnr Time. Bv RirhnrH
., , , ,., : . , ,,j.
I.
.iH.ed.
» iimi r-t . I,, r.. . ; • '• .ill.. * I. - 1 1 ,; (ip.
Wertmliwtcr. \ms.
rmutahlo. ,'«.
The ' , •■■I .
th.
Slli-i-. I,....; !-<;. i..>M^' i^
MISCELLANEOUS.
La Museada la Convapsatlon.
\*'\r Ktti/rr .Utjttntlrr. Tnil*!*:!!!*^
i->litlon. nnx' pt Kiucmonl^c dc
ti'>niliri':i\ artirlaa.axMtlii.. aejpp.
I'aii.. IfT.
Bonillon.
Fraa LIbimpy : Il« tlMnnr ami
. 1'.
•I
, ami
at
llmn<«
Stories or
Sons*. Ily
^v^l..|â– Jl>IPll.
Sitniiio.
The Chippendale Period In
Enfrllsn Fupnitune. Ii\ K.
»■„ -If
tloi ..
JMl.-
AriioM ; aihI l>«>lM'iiUaiii ami
Ftwbmljr. £1 K
Old
rto
r
\n
â– raovec
L, SH pn.
fi«n4«.( 4ra.. «■p|>. Luuiuu. uuf.
K.>..\. Il|ii-lr.ili-.l.ll lllli., xxili.^
tm pp. i>jmioii. iiw:.
.\ni(ilil. £3,Ts.
S',M-.. ,-' ..boy. Hv K
> \V.I..\VrlN
iStiiry nf the
Wtwl S,.iii~.i ;, ..'>iiii.. 34!t pp.
.\>«- York. ISC. Appleton. »l..Vi.
Oxfopd E' T' ' niotlonapy :
H lU'W li<'TtIir\' ot»
Hi.-l.irii.. l':<lit<Hl t).v
/>r. Jdtti' ^ .r. //. Miirrau
Sorlos II.. I'nrt III. KirlilKninkisK
(Volnilic IV. I. Hv llrliryjlniillri/.
1.1( • UMiii.. pp. l!tt to .'.li Oxfonl,
ISiC, ("lan-iidon l*rf.K-^. I-.*, (kl.
The Mlpacles of Madame
Saint Katheplneof Flerbols.
Tr.in-lalni fn.Mi llic Kililii'ii nf ilii-
\i.'„ ,1 r n.,, •,>,.. T.iiirs IS-Vi. l>y
iin.. l.W pii^.
' and Knt^land
CbicnKo : Wbv and Willininx ;
London :D. Null. 7h. Od.
Sooini -■.■.■■• '.<,..] nf
I»r. nd
LeK
By Hr//,,,,, JI.,rl,Htt li.iw^im.
■fxijln., an iip. I»ndon. I«i7.
Cnapinan lind Hall. fls.
Ho«^ to Make a Dress. Kv
J. A. E. Womt. (TixlH.»ik-i of
Tr<linolo(cy.l :j • lllii.. mi pp. I.oii-
dnn. l..<;iT. JUlliiicn. Is. (kl.
Endand thpouerh Chinese
Spectacles: l.<tivi'M from the
Net, l«.nk nf \\^i^ ( hiink'. Tj • .'.iill.
Ixindnn. 1»"J7. Tlic Coltoii I'ri-rts IK
The Dwelling House. Ily
(Iforfjr Virinit Pnnrr. I*h.VHlchlll
to I nivi ' % Kc Hospital.
With 3; -. TJxoln.,
I'd pp. 1.
i.niigiimnn, 3H. 6d.
MUSIC.
The EptoorSounds:nn RlenK'nl-
»r\ IliliTlin-tjilloli of Wat'lHT's
M'l.. I-- • '••• - ■'■/■'■■<<■■„.
iro' ' I?.
I>oi. .>â–
Musical Memories. Hy .4. .If.
JH-hl I.Wirr .MalinuM). Kvo..31ilpp.
London, 18!i;. licntley.
NATURAL HISTORY.
Animals' Ways and Claims.
Hv /-'rtl, r,-,r, i,i.,f.,,i. Willi isl
l-oudnll. l.-*!*;.
a. lU'll nnd SonH. 3h.
In Ru-^— »•""•!- <~'-'-1 -^ u«
of 1 /.
\Vl
1/a,... ,., ,-..,.
>*krtMnKlon. Ph.. (Id.
Famlllan V/Ild Floweps.
:'k.<1 bv >'.
i-s.. y.ft.A..
. Klvc voIh.
71 '-jilii., Itjo pp. uu h.
(.'owcllii. 31. 6d.
PHILOSOPHY.
HIstoi'v of Intellectual De-
Vel' II lIlL- lilMW of
-M' Hon. Hy John
H'" Vol. I. Itoniy
8vu., I.; , JJa pp. Ixindon. IHPT.
ixiiiKinniM. llo.
N<— T^-v^'^^V- V ^ If
of Ihp
iilfin-.
Ix>i
Hon
of the Future.
tudy. TmiiMbit(^l
fn>in lilt! Ktxinrh of Mnrir Jrtin
(/uHfftiH. 8vo., xl.-^.M.1 pp. I/ondoii.
1.H1I7. llflniMimnii. I7-*.
Philosophy of Knowledge. .\m
Iiiiiulrv into tin- v..tMr. .I.iMui-.unl
Viilldliy of I! M.
Karulty. Hy ;/
/.^o/if. Vrofoj*»*n! in
Yalr I'nlviTKlty. .Miclmiii >>n.. liU
Pit. {..oiidoii, lstt7. IxinKinuiu*. IM.
Psyoholosy of the F' — ■•'-•ns.
Hy Th. Ttihot. I'm
ColU'Kv of Kmnce *' y
St'ion<*« S*?titw. Ki. M» n.tw-
IcH'k KIUm). Sro., 4A.'> pp. Unidon.
I(«r7. WBli<TS<-oti. (V..
II DInamlsmo F n-
pslchtco. It.v Ilr. I. i.
hurtli. h\ii.. r.^" pp. ^
Science of Ethics, n'> hn-w><l on
tilt-' .'<('icin'<' of Kn-i^^' ' !:>â–
Johann (fotilirh Fich A
hy A. H. Kroiair. I
Hon. Dr. \V. T. Ham-, r) • ...in..
aw pp. London. !Si»7.
Kt'tfun IMiiI. ft*.
Notes on The Martrlns. ll<inK
.■.iu^'^'^•^I inns of Tlmunlil an.l Kn-
iiiiiry. Klvi' Kxmiys. Ily I'hffunt
llarruion, Hxi^in., 252 |i|i. Ixndon.
ISW. Hud way. .V.
of
U^ordswopth . Poems
piii 11
of 1
Woi -..nn. ...... ■„..„../«
JTutrhtnunn. .M.A. "i vol..*. Svo.
Uindon. 1.S!I7. I). Xutt. 7«. (kl.
Selected Poems of 'Waltep
Von dep Vo^elwelde. I li..
.Mum. -,-.:. •: Iln",,,- irln l:,i.i,.|,
VtT ...I
Hix I
MOII J I'.
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Oolden Treasury of .><onir» nnd
Lyri •'■' .-..
lati
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Selected Poems. 1!
</iV/i. ,s .')iiM.. L'l.'i pp. \' r.
IWC.
< 01,^1. il.k
A Tale fpom Boccaccio, and
othep Poems.
.trmstnjnii. 7i .•
inlnslir. |K'.i7.
Rampolll : (it
i:.»ii. itiiiik't!
old.ihii.lly from
with •■.\ Yfar.
Hy
.Viln..
rfhttr f 'nh
.s»iip. \Vi-«l-
»Iip. « I
-Inlll«..
an old
.•w anil
i:aliilii,'
i>f an Old
Soul." Hv tiroru'- Manlniialtl.
)i .'ijln.. :»i:) pp. l..iiidon. I«r7.
l.tinKinans. |[m.
Lays of the Red Brnnch. By
Sir Siimiii I lu I
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6J> I 1»'.I7.
I litT Unwin. Dub-
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POLITICAL.
n Tpattai' u-1 1885
• lO Sta< .t« del
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gronuipii. 1:. ijn. 1-1.;.
Kr«t«-lll TrovoH. 3 Hit.
SCIENCE.
Flpst Principles of Electricity
and Mafnetlsm. H) ''. //. ir.
Himi". l-JlUir of " Thu Klfctrirjil
Knipnvvr." IIlu..<lratud with alwul
POETRY.
Burns. The Pofi i-v of Robept
Bupns. Kilii. Hrnl-u
and T. /â– '. / Willi
KtihiiiKs by \\ |. - \ .
I'ortniild in I I
fa..»iiiillcofM.-~
K<lltion. Dfiiu ^ii.
18g6-INI7.
T. C. nnd E. C. Jnck. I0«. fid.
the Vol. : nnnlhcr EdlUonut
7s. ikl. the. Vol.
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Dapwin and After Darwin. 1
111. I'o^l llarwinian Vii'stiniiH; I
Isolation and l*liVHio|..Ki' .kl S. li-t'- \
lion. Hy Iho liilo r „
JionuitwH, 7i>..'Vlin..l^
1«I7. 1,.
Lumen. Hy Cntnilh- yiitmmtirion,
.Vutliorizrit 1'ransljttioti fi^ini llio
Knii. I. I.\ \ .\. M. nnd it M. :
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HiKjpi. a».
THEOLOGY.
Babylonian Influence on the
BIblo nnd Popular Belief
'r.'lii.ni.ui.rrianial " " I lad rs and
.Satan." a ( 'oin|Hinitivo Study of
(iciicsis I. i. Hy .1. Smythr
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au pp. London, 18<(7.
Skrflln^on. S«.
Church of Enifland before
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I'liK,,,! Uii,/iii . .M..\.. Kl-. tor of St.
I'auls cliurcb. Halifax, Nova
Hootia. Crown 8vo., ;tUO pp. Lon-
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Convres Unlversel des Re-
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Elements of the Science of
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llt'I) .l(
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2 voIh. Svo. Lonilon. IX!?7.
J. t'. Niinnio.
History of Dogma. Vol. III.
Hj hr. Ailiilfih //or/uffA'.Ordlimry
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I'liivcrsity of ! Ill
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it^itciatiuc
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Published by 7hf fflmcS.
Ho. 2.— Vol. I.
\ 1 1 !;i'.\>
CONTENTS.
ruatt
Leading Article A TruRif Succoas as
"Among my Books," l>y Andrew iMng H
Reviews
TiMinyson's Lif»> (Si'cond Notice) :i
Williiiin Morris ■*'•
Gardiiu-r"!* Coiiinionwi'iiltli '.K
The Diary of Ma.stfr Williiim Silence 30
OloanlnKH in Buddha Fields 41
T\\p Arnolds 42
Till- liords of Lara....". '. 4J1
History of InU'Iloctual Dt-velopniont 41
SpiclhaKon's Kpio and Drama 40
Amorifa and the Aniericnn.s — Jewish Portraita 47
notion—
The Martian 40
The Invisible Man i><)
The Tormentor— Another's Burden 51
Kntlier nnd Son— Mftlmo o' the Corner— The People of Clopton— .\
Riwh Vonlict-Pcrpotun— Menotoh 52, 63, & 51
Liear»l-Lnw of Motor Cars i I>i
Medloal- Mnntom of Mediclno : John Hunter M
Naval - Ui Xlnrino KmnvalMO f"
At the Book Stall 55
■Unlveraity Letters— Oxford 60
Foreign Letters -United States 60
Obituary PalKHive— Von Wegfcle— Rcgnault— Dana—
I'ouvrciir — Uossiter 58
The Library Association 50
Notes 60, 60,61, & 02
Bibliography— The North- West Frontier 02
List of Books C3&(M
A TRAGIC SUCCESS.
One book — or, a.s some put it, one novel — is 8Uj>-
posed to be potentially contained, like the field marshal's
baton at the Iwttom of the French recruit'.s knap-^ack, in
everybody's intellectual wallet. It is true that everybody
does not succeed in producing it and exhibiting it to the
-world ; but then neither did every one of Najwleon's con-
.ocripts win his way to command and pick up a jjeerage of
the Empire on a German or Italian battlefield. All that
the saying means is that, with the favouring circumstances
of leisure, industry, some knack of literary expression, and
the dash of egotism necessary perhaps to their eflfective
exercise, we could, every man and woman of us, find in our
mentid and emotional experiences — in the action, thought,
nnd passion of our lives — material enough for at least one
book which our fellow men and women would read with
interest. Whether we call it generically a book or sj)eci-
fically a novel is a matter of no moment ; in any case it
will be an autobiography. WTiatever name we may choose
to give to the hero or heroine, he or she vill be the aathor
or :i ' ' ■' ' .• •■^jjjI
thi . ter haa
written on a subject which he knows better, or, st all
events, lias studii»d longer than any other in t' M —
and that, too, a suhjeot to whieh witliout m of
imagination or sympathy, with no other eqaipmentt in
short, but f! '' '*y of memory and the ( ' aan
instincts of and self-pity, he <• ••t
jxistice.
No WDiiutT ti. iiiu-n
astonish a worlil of li :n with
a wholly decejrtive appearance of power. They do not
realize the pure! • - ' ' -''■■■' • •-• ' ' '"Tig,
nor 8usj)ect the .;ht
into moods and motives, ."^tili less does it occur to them
that what they take for literary art in the tellir - ■■"•ly
that natural elorjuence which under the i;. of
strong personal emotion many a writer once in his life
attains to, hut never aflerwartls n - •. For these mis-
takes on the part of the too impr- reader there is
every excuse ; but their result, as i ! hy many a
literary reputation which has ri.*>n lik. ... • »o come
doMTO like its stick, is almost invariably <. No
sooner does the deluded writer endeavour t ob-
jective for objective portraiture than he li...... ,...., _..ev-
ously he has deceive<l himself as to the extent of his
powers. It is one thing, he learns, to feel ) -lal
experience acutely, and another to see life.. ;iad
see it whole. The glass in which he has formed a pretty
accurate and vivid reflection of him.«elf turns out to be not
precisely the kind of mirror whi''> ••»<} '"e •• 1...M nT> to
Nature " with much advantage.
No one who can <!â– i the aciident*
and essentials of a literar in any danger of
confounding the late Mr. Dv Macrier with the irreat
company of th<>- -m,
produce it and 1 . . . liiis
only because he left not one successful novel behind him,
but at least two, to say of a t ' in
point of time, which obt ; rtain m- >ted
popularity, long unjustly denied to it, on the strength of
a " !it hit. For there linv
ni- _ > mjike their one boo- _
two or three times over, and have not lost their public
until even :' " ' ' - •• ;|^j'j
liking for t ;i to
the fact that they are repeating themselves. .\nd it raw>t
be regretfully admitted that, for
adverted to. Mr. Dt: Malrikr's i
we review this week, is itself in some measure an
example of this economical process. But, as every com-
34
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
might ha\
petent critic is awarp, there was a preat deal more in tlie
„v ' ■- '■- ■■•■" -ilty,
^•■- - - - . . ; ^'^ '»
qoality, vliich ncn'es veil enough for the equipment of the
V ., together a few chapters of auto-
1. _- , . - the result a novel. Tnie it may l>e
that it was upon the autobiographical element in his
thrve Um' ,- - ,- -jmbHc fixed:
in the ca- . thistruthis
too obvious to need insistinfi; upon. To the great mass of
t '" 'â– â– United^ a generation,
a; , . . ^ up in , • nnd artless
isntorance of Henrj- Murger — the bright and spirited pic-
t- ' ' in the artists' quarter
v . . J .ve revelation of mid-
nineteenth century manners. Nor need we doubt that, when
t' of " Trilby "^ Imd brought forth
1<; ud incomparably finer novel from
the shadow of unmerited neglect, it was again from the
ni;' " rs of "Peter Iblietson," from the
fx , 1 the author's childish days in the
Parisian suburb, that they drew such pleasure as the book
V " !U. Still, their ncwh--acquire<l
t: 'â– , whatever it was therein that
specially hit their fancy, served to swell the extraordinary
ti' ' " later work, to stimulate the over-
V _ ! uix)n the author, and eventually, as
one cannot but fear, to cut short a career wliich otherwise
• of much ifroatcr work.
In a _ ii!i on his fri<'iid and fellow-
novelist, Mr. Henby James has speculated with subtlety
a: " ' ' ' â– ' -lence on the effect of the
'• i _ ^ Mu. Dc Mairikus mind. No
donbt it was a disturbing one, but, in tracing its
results, is " and ultimate, the ingenious analyst
surely r< ■> much. The general '•disorienta-
tion," certain to be experienced - by a man of good
»•■' ' ■' • 1 habit who suddenly finds him-
H- _ .uilar worship wliich lie knows to
be extravagant when it is not purely unintelligent,
«'" ' .-,.... . ^^ tragic success.
l'> > a simpler, more
familiar, and less dramatic explanation. It is the old, sad
p* ' ' :n life to a man. and of
lii- ,1 to mak(^ the most of
it. Tlie temptation to overtax his productive energies was
in Mr. D( " ' : for. not
only was i ; • without
precedent in point of mere magnitude in the annals of
modem li: ' ' ' y « niau enibark-
jnc in ni ; t Ij new fonn of
• endeavour is, fo far as we are aware, absolutely
int goo<l
"tis of a
of ey ..id for years rendered nervously
was almost
ly while the
many a young writer with three parts
: r • him find* irresistible, luu a terribly
{â–
failure
III.
ill
«un |i!
of a lii'-UiJi
coercive power over one whose course is nearly run. Ho
di 'e, or he cannot bring himself to act upon the
1" . 1, that not only is litemry hay thus hurriedly
made too apt to decline in quality, but that the sun may
set sooner on the ha^nnaker through his excessive laboiu-s.
Mh. Du ]SIaikikr had uudoubtinily more of the matter of
literature in him than his books ever brought out ; but
time was required to produce it, and time was not forth-
coming. He had nothing new to say, and he must liavo
been conscious of it ; but the public invited him — bribed
him, in fact, with glittering offers — to say the old
things over again. The result was " The Martian,"
another great commercial success, but, from the artistic
point of view, a comiiarative failure. And now that, with
its completion, we know that the hand which should have
rested for two or three years after " Trilby " will \»Tito no
more, we have to record another loss to literature from
one of those exaggerated and destructive jwpular crazes
from which it has suffered so much.
1Rcvnc\V6.
Alfred Lord Tennyson : A Memoir. By Hla Son.
2 vols, niiilimi; S\,i.. .")10+5ol pp. London, 1S07.
Macmlllan. 36/- n.
(SECOND NOTICE.)
It was hardly to be expected that a boyish venture
like the publication of the "Poems by Two Brothers "
should be preceded by any very careful process of selec-
tion ; and it need not therefore surprise us to find that
among the contents of at any rate the younger Tennyson's,
portfolio there was much more of the "stuff of jwetry "
than ever came out in the jiublished volume. This, it
appears to us, is placed bc^vond dispute by the sj)ecimens
of the period 1809-1827, which are given at the end of the
first chapter of the memoir. Still they are metrically even
rougher, and in general artistic quality not less immature^
than the least satisfactory of the " Two Brothers " series.
Hence they leave untouched the ])roblpm of Tennyson's
astonishingly rapid progress to perfection in his art. The
poet himself wrote : — " I supjwse I was nearer thirty than
twenty before I was an>-thing of an artist," But admir-
ably as the ]-)oet in most instances criticized himself, it is
imjwssible to accept this ]iiece of self-criticism quite
literally. " Poems t'liiefly Lyrical " apjieared in 1832, or,
in other words, when its author was nearer twenty than
tJiirty, Ix-ing, in fact, just twenty-three, nnd to 8j)eak of
a volume which contains " The I>otus Katers," to say
nothing of " <Knone," " The Dream of Fair Women," and
the " Palace of Art," ns the work of one who was " not yet
anything of ,".n artist" is surely an abuse of language.
In what precise sense Tennyson may have employed
the word it is hanl to guess ; but he certainly could
not have used it in its ordinary acceptation. Not
only are the i>oems we have mentioned remarkable for
their artistic finish, but one of theiii, though it may have
been < was nev<'r Hft<'rwar(ls surpassed even by
the art If. This curious |K)st-<lating of his attiiin-
ment of t<'chnical mastery is, however, the only critical
laiise — if,indeed,it l»o not a mere chronological slij) — which
these volumes reveal. Or, at any rale, we may say that, if
the iwems of 1827 were not so happily selected as they
October 30, 183 7. J
LITERATUKli
35
might have been, wo can never from tliat time forward aa may b« rfmcmU-ntl from
find cause for nnythinj^ but adminition of Tcim • i . > > i i i i
uncrnnj; judgitifiit and of tin- stoirnl fortitiirin uiti,
he suhiiiiltod innny a sli 1
was disiipiirovcd forsoiui-
taste, to thoruthlcHs surgery of the iiruning knife. Among
the newly publislied friignientfl there is for instance a
whole series of stan/ns, some eight or nine in numlxT,
omitted from the '• Palace of Art." The; ' '
omission were evidently diverse, some i.
out, apparently, lu'cause of an alteration in tin-
and others, it would seem, merely for the sai
greater brevity and compression to the poem. There are
not many among mortal men, to say nothing of Immortals,
who, being «i]>able of writing such j)oetry as this, would
have had th<' heart to excise it. Vet one sees that fi<
the point of view of the author, and in the Interests of ;
jKiem as a whole, he was undoubtedly right. Or take,
again, the " Balloon Stanzas" cut i>iit. of the " Diimih of
Fair Women," which ran thus :-
Ag whon a man that sails in a balloon,
Down lookinf;, sees tlio solid, shining ground
Stream from beneath him in tho broad blue noon,
Tilth, hamlet, mead, and mound ;
And takos his flags and waves thorn to tho mob
That sliouts bolow, all faces turned to where
Glows, ruby-iiko, tho far-iip crimson globe,
Filled with a fmer air ;
So, liftwl high, tho poet at his will
Lets tho grout world flit from him, seeing all,
Higher thro' secret splendours, mounting still
Self poised, nor fears to fall,
Hearing apart the echoes of his'fumo.
While I spoke thus the seedsman Memory
Sow'd my deep-furrowetl thought with many a name
Whoso glory will not die.
There have been lesser and less severely self-critical poets
in abundance who would have been sensible of a certain
commonness about the image emlwdied in the first two
stanzas, and would have rejecte<l them on this ground had
they stood alone. But how few would have Ix^en willing
to do so when the act involved the sacrifice of two
stanzas so striking in their power and dignity as the third
and fourth !
It is always interesting to note bow far a poet is con-
sciously influenced by his models ; or, if he does not him-
.self perceive, or will not admit, that any such influence
ha.s been at work, there is almost as much interest in
the inquiry as to how far the history of his poetic pre-
ferences during the ]x>riod of development of his genius
renders it probable that he worked unwittingly to him-
self under the spell of those particular forerunners whom
he most reverenced. The testimony of Tennyson's tastes
is highly instructive, in this connexion. We know from
a well-known anecdote that Byron was the itlol of his
" green, luiknowing youth," and we know also that the
idolatry did not sui'vive the devotee's twentieth year. If,
therefore, the *' Poems by Two Brothers " could, without
overstress ujwn marks of beretlity, be affiliated to any
Ijoetic style or spirit, it would be to the Byronic. On the
other hand, the tlescent of Tennyson from Keats has been
again and again |x>inted out and. indeed, in '*The Palace of
Art," for a capital instance, is too patent for a moment's den iiU ;
so that it is peculiarly gratifying to the inquirer to note the
frankness of enthusiasm with which the author of that
masterpiece of splendidly sensuous imagery reconls his ad-
miration for the poet of the " Eve of Saint Agnes." Keats,
«o much more anioirr to tho cult of i
thatof »'■• '•"•■'"■•■> other jKXJt,
two
Ix'cn, if h<'
his blank
admirablo
not
itume (\
n>» of 1
of
.' II
•in to
r,.i
ni
to
t. of all of ua (though
!>....„ .iddin-/ •■•■'• ■••■' •■•fh
precision of aim, that '• • ig
ftho innermost soul of pucUy lu ail tiuil he
had lived,
vers*' was
li
His apjiarent lack of i :<,
and not altogether to be a«- . of
affinity betwivn their respective forms of ik.
For nothing is more remarkabh- or - .i iin»
fine catholicitv of Tennysdu's ci i than
hi- to the of
vai "'try. ( i If
towards Word.swortli that he was no h le
aged i)oet'8 jHJWer in Ids inspired »>"" ii«
of the melancholy bathos to which d«
and ' ■dabsenc '• • " :„.
" >■and Fi m»
iier, "an to uiio I'ould invent !>^
â– .n line imaginable." They u, ^ ^'tl
the prize, though they disputed an to the winner oi it, to
the lint —
Mr. Wilkinson, a clergynan.
But W' " has run his jjarodiiils ciui>c with
an actu..
Spade with which Wilkinson b«a tiUod tho grouml,
where the form scarcely i
richer in ideas. But to
Wordsworth t>f the .Sn
fhe " Intimations of 1
eridence that Tennyson
the devout Words\\ •'
imined at the bl.i
nowhere find a bt'ttir
than in the younger ]k>i
of two of the elders iinea : — " Vou
Wordsworth ere he will wem worth}' of
Equally sure and discriminating were his
ments on the poetry of Bums, and th~ " —
between his jndsrment anil tlmt of \'
sul-
crii
exquisite poems of Bums,"' he once exclaimed—
rendered an)])l<'
• . even mor«
of the ui.
â– le
i<»
•n
tut
jiL<tice ; and
' ! tlian
I. will
ry
must \ow
ViiiT luve."
:.rt
in
ve
r
lig!
â– tup,., u.,.i.,^ ...;, ^- ;.
Aubrey do Voro, wlio • lul
n.imod P.KrMi t.» hini iV
vohemen ii>
had brni. I
refer to ins son ly
i^ight ' ; those {â– to
forget."
To the poetry of Coleridgp.perha]« tho only iK.t.or tho
only one since Alilton, who ranks with him as . of
meltxly,Tennyson was dsvotod. his especial f"- ig
" The Ancient Mariner," " Chri.stabel," ^-
mentarv strain of unearthly dream-music " ivul>ia i\.a;iQ."
2-2
36
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
1 .
1.
OfColeridpe's hitherto inPT]>lirflh1erritici8in on the Poems
of 1830, that thoir nut • verses
without vtry v.. !I mil. ^ ." nil ex-
itUiuition wan 1 many years after by Tennyson
parii;iii,>, lilt can only j«rtially, account for it.
t he liad heard it occurre<l to Tennyson as
'iiisle<l by the young
into reading cirtnin
! to lie so scanned.
,,. ,. li ..:...-on, "he might
well have wislieii that 1 had more sense of metre. But so
1. ' > get a poem or jx>ems every day,
j;, d glance at a lunik, and, seeing some-
t' :iot scan or i: ibiy
di ^-- book witlioi; M>n."
It in, however, evident from Coleridge's jirevious remarks
^>_. .1 .1. 1.,. 1...,] not read through all the jwems, he had
t than a casual glance at the contents of
tie vuliiiiic. l>ii the whole.thereforc.tlie sweejiing dii^missal
of a poit who was a born iii*»tribt, displaying from the
very first that acute > to rlijthm and nu-lody
which in its fullest de\i . , : I was destined to rank him
bedde the " mighty-mouthed inventor of hannonies " of
\r. " Ode, remains one of those few but amazing
j,. . the criticism of j)oets by ix)et.s which
literaluri-
Of t: _ Dus admiration with which Tennyson
r . ided Hrowning, and which Browning no less generously
rccii'i-ocated, there is no need to speak, as it was, of course,
matter of common knowledge during the lifetime of both
poets.
His relations with his literary contemporaries gene-
rally are here revealed, in so far as they were not known
alrcadv, in l>ages which abound with interest but which
have aln-wiy lxM>n freely quoted from in other columns
i' Perhaps the most curious testimony to his
n for one of the most " difficult " of these con-
1 !• found in the letter evoked by the
I' : m Carlyle. Well might the author of
fiat dithyrambic utterance volunteer the half-ashamed
n- ' which he makes for his inability to keep silence
( 1 words: —
If yon knew what my relation hii« lieen to the thing called
Rnglish " poetry " for many year* back you would think tuch
fact almoiit mrpriaing. Truly, it is long since in any English
book, pcet'y or proM, I \uLve felt the pulse of a real man's
heart aa 1 do in this same. A right valiant, true fighting,
vietorioua heart ; strong aa a lion, yet gentle, loving, and full
of nusu:. What I call a genuine singer's heart ! There are
tooM aa of the nightingale ; low murmurs of wood-doves at
mrnwir noon ; eTerywhere a noble sound aa of the free winds
iMd laafy woods. The sunniest glow of life dwells in that soul
chaqoerad only with dark streaks from night and Hades ;
everywhere one feels as if all were filled with yellow glowing
sunlight. Some glorious gohlen vapour, from which form after
form bodies itself ; naturally golden forms. In one word, there
aeemi to ba a nota of the eternal melodies in this man for which
lai all otliar man be tlunkful and joyful :
Who would imagine that this eloquent rha]>sody
raine from one who, with exception made in favour of
Kcajieare, and, ]ierhap8, Bums, had almost as grave
<:<.iilpt* of the value of poets and poetry as he had
of romance in general and of Fcott's achievements
f'-rcin in ' " Cnrlyle was dih-
] ''1 f>tr''t p gloomy a view of
• mai (uture in the event of his
I. „ ^ ; 'iae provision for the temporal future
of «> admired a poet. Of Tennyson's intercourse with
Rogers we get a very pleasant picture, and one which
should lieneficently correct the forbidding outlines in
which that once famous figure luis been too often pre-
sented to the world. And tragi-coinic as it is — nay,
|)erhaps more tragic than comic when one looks at
the empty niche where the old man in imagination
saw his statue — one could ill spare either the follow-
ing nnecdote or the trenchant comment u[>on it of its
contributor, the late Mr. IxK'ker I^iiuiipson : —
" He liked mc," Tennyson »aid, *' and thought that per-
haps I mi^ht bo the coming ])oet, and might holp to hand his
name down to future ages. One day wo wore walking arm-in-arm
and I spoke of what is called Immortality, and remarked how few
writers could ho sure of it. Upon this Rogers 8<]uei'7.t>d my arm
and said ' 1 am sore of it.' Tennyson was fond of Kogors and
told me this with no iinamiublo intention, but, on the contrary,
in all kindliness and good fnith."
" Most iKwts," adds Mr. lyocker Ivimpson with pun-
gently satirical effect, " have felt at times as Kogers felt on
this occasion but with this difference, that they had not
an Immortal's arm to squeeze."
We must now, however, take leave of these interest-
ing volumes, in which there is only one thing that we
miss : a fuller study of that mystical side of Tennyson's
nature and his ])0wer — a jjower exceptionally marked, no
doubt, in Lis case, though common to all minds which are
at once jKJwerfully imaginative and profoundly meditative
(not itself, however, a very conuiion condiination) — of
attaining to that sort of trance-like condition which Pro-
fessor Tyndall in his extremely interesting contribution
to the memoir describes as " an apiKirent isolation of th(^
spirit from the body." Mr. Myers prefaces his letter of
reminiscences by recalling the biographer's request to hin»
to approach his subject " not from the side of Plotinu*
but from the side of Virgil"; in conformity with which
instruction Mr. Myers supplies three or four most fa.scinat-
ing pages of critical disquisition on Tennyson's relation to
the immortal poet whom he has immortally celebrated.
Thus from the side of Virgil he has been admirably-
studied ; but we should have liked a study of him from
the aide of Plotinus too. Perhaps .some day we may get it.
William Morris : His Art, his Writings, and his Public
Life. A record by Aymer Vallance. UxTjin. 4-l5pp.
London, 1807. BeU. 25/-
As little more than a year has jMissed since William
Slorris's death, it would be 8urj)rising if a comjjlete bio-
graphical account of him were already in print. Mr.
Aymer Vallance, the author of this large and sumptuous
work, is careful to point out in his preface the limited
nature of his undertaking. The book " makes no claim to
be a biograj)hy or a record of Mr. Morris's private and
family affairs," and Mr. Vallance, not being asked or
authorized to write a biography, submits that, with a few
trifling excejjtions, he has not introduced into the book
any jHrsonal details that are not by this time i)ublie pro-
perty. For our own i)art, so far fn m finding fault with
Mr. Vallance for abstaining from unauthorized biography,
we commend bis good taste, and are content to take the
work for what it is — namely, as an enlargement of his
" Art of William Morris," which was published eariier in
the] -IT. From I'iglit chapters the book has grown to
15; I or has availed himself of certain suggestions,
corrections, and further facilities ; and, while expanding
and completing his record of Morris's work in all direc-
tions, has in particular added a chapter on Morris's con-
October 30, 1897.]
LITEIUTURE.
87
nexion with the Hocialint movement. '1
as fur BH Morris'H ]irivutf life is coiu'criif*!, in u woithy
iiKinoriHl of ft j^rt'iit Bitint, and of liiri labourti, nUnyt
honest and sincere, for the ])ul))ie N-iieht. The CliiHW i«k
Press has jirinted the hook, and the uiMxh-uts and tlic
hirj^er rf)inKhictions of tajwstry, wall-)m]HT, tili-s, and tlu-
like would Imve commanded the u]>{)roval of .MurriM him-
self.
Mr. Vallance's hest chapten* are those in wliieh he
descrihes Morris's achievements as an artist and a crafts-
man, " a maker," as he called himself, " of would-be
])n'tty things." The chapters on Morris's writin-.' ' -
valuable. It is (juite possible that tiie " luiithlv I
and some of tiie other jxiems may lon;^ on'
fame us an artist, which nniy conceivably ci'
nu)ment in some revolution of public taste. The jKK'ms,
doubtless, will live ; but there is no need at i)rescnt for a
vindication of their merits, and one is rather dis|)osed to
resent Mr. Vallance's lonf; explanations and exjM)sitions.
It is a matter on wliicii almost every reader will
})refer to form his own opinion. A critic usually fails
alike inconunandingand in prohiintiiif; one's adminition of
poetry. It is an amazing thing, however, that Morris
should have fotmd time, in his crowded and many-sided
life, to write either so wt-ll or so nuich. And to his jKH'try
he ailded the work of writing many articles and addresses,
and the most active support of the So<'icty for the Protec-
tion of Ancient Huildings, and the Arts and Crafts Kxhibi-
tion Society, to say nothing of all that he wrote and did on
Ix'half of the Socialist movement. If we say no more of
his poetrvjit is not because we think it the least important
jMirt of his woik, i)ut because Mr. \'allance's remarks
upon it have less value than the rest of his book. It
is more to tiie purjxise to notice that Mr. ^'allance
makes a point of ]iutting Morris's Socialism in a proper
light. Wl'.en ^lorris died, his biographers in the Press
dill their best to keep his jtolitical opinions in the back-
ground. They slurred theju over, ajwlogized for them,
sjioke of tiiem as the aberration of genius, and had<' t!ie
jiublic veineinbcr nitlier his poems or his wall-paj)er.
Morris himself took a very different view, and, when the
plan of Mr. \'allance's book was proposed to him, particu-
larly desired that due prominence should be given to his
jwlitical and social jirinciples, which were, in his mind,
closely associated with his art itself. He regarded him-
self as an artist, a craftsman, a " common fellow," whose
duty it was to lead other " common fellows," if he could
do so. Mr. Vallance reconunends those who cannot trust
themselves not to take offence to skip this chapter, and
then bravely faces the task of describing Morris's energetic
and unassuming work with various Socialist societies and
leagues that seem to have been in a state of chronic schism
and dissension, ^^'e will not i)ursue the story in detail, or
show how these unlucky theories Iwl to Tnifalgar-s<|uare
and the police-court. But in justice to Morris, and in
order to nntke his position clear, it must be stated d<>fi-
nitely that his Socialism arose from his views of the
functions of art. and of the true rights and duties of the
workman, and that it originated in no vulgar envy of the
ricli, and, least of all, from any seltisti motive. It was
simply one of the defects of his qualities. He may six-ak
for himself : —
What I mean by Socialism is a coniHtion of society in which
thoro shouhl bo neither rich nor poor, iioither niastoriior master's
man, noithor iiUo nor overworked, neither brain-sick brain-
workers ni>r hoart-sick hand-workers : in a word, in wliioh all
men would be living in equality of condition, and would manage
their affairs unwastcfully, and with the full conscicusness that
d tl.
virion cBino
iL "M ill I
ion of .1
harm t
the moaniu^ >•( tl.u *
.Ml thiM is \i ,
from geneniUH innliuctK. '1
vulgarity of the rich, the j!'
in daily life, in iihort. a
imluri
II .. .
book is not an nnaiysis ot
of work done. For all hi.
jiractical a man n» ever liied ; a vi
artist, and ' " jualled in art: '
no ••nrlv • of HftiKlic
a» is also his wundertul Keii-house at H<-xley 11'
furnishing ami decoration of wl !• ■' m- him an
for the exercise of his taste nn<! :v. A lii'
came the . ' '' ' '' ' mm ii.;/
tin- revolt nrt of
ni d mull can (-hl<
r> v : the fashions of i i
work, the bead-mats, the glass-shades, the wax fl«>w«rs. tin*
gilt stucco, and the rest ; nor would r.
willingly go back to them : but as loi
accord with the titness of til'
so decorated, it needed not
artist, to point out a more excellent way. it wa*
after a meeting of Morris and his friencli', that ! . ...
premises were taken at No. 8, Red Lion-sijuare. Tl.e
original memliers of the firm of .Morri.<, V ' "
Faidkner, and Co. were : — William Morris ; Fori
Hrown ; Dante (iabriel Hossetti ; K<iuard l',uni<-.I..i,. - ;
Arthur Hughes ; Philip Webb, archit«'ct ; Peter Paid
Marshall, surveyor and engineer ; and Charles .losejih
Faulkner, an Oxford don. As Kossetti said, the firm had
no idea of commercial success, bat it succeeded in their
own des|iite. Of course, there were difiicullies
trade jealousy to lie comhnte*] and nrti-tie v
to l)e secured ; but the vei;'
and one of the Exhibition ji.
mendation of the work exhibited. They d< r as-
" in th<- '♦' ' of the Middle Ages," and as " s,i>,-,..v..,iy to
thear> t from the exactness of the imitation." The
aecoinit ol the ' " " : - . •
work is a." full :
stained glass windows ironi designs by Sir K. 1
the reproductions of which are among the U;
things in the book. But the firm aimed at success in
many kinds of art. For instance, when tiles were wanted
at the Ked-house, no hand-jiainted tiles were made in thi.*
country. Mom's, therefore, ])rrH '
Holland, and liegan a series of p
at last he obtained the desire<l results. The famous wali-
pajiers, the designs for which have been, with few excep-
tions, drawn by Monis himself, are well depcribed and
illustrated. The jMipers, however, were never actnally
manufactured in the works of Morris's own tirni. but in
those of Mess;
difficulties. A:
was that of tajiestry making, which demands less technical
skill than artistic excellence. This was in 1878. He set
up a hand-loom in his bed-room at Kelmscott-house, Ham-
mersmith, and. following the directions of an oM Kremli
book, jiractised weaving every day until he Imd 1 econie
jiroficient. The new industry was attempted at Merton
first in 1881, in which year the firm set up their
works in that place. Sir E. Bume-Joncs was almost
38
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
invnrinWv
11
ST.;
to
m:
dt>5«ipns fur
{jiMi' in f :
hi
nn
I"
thr (\c>]znCT.
I'"rt>ia
iqnaro. 1
nnd it is to him that Exeter
-hull owe tlii'ir most iini>ort-
'4ln.<8, tiles, nor taja'stry
Whenever it seemed
art, lie lennied it ; nothing
' the production of stiitahli'
1. and his attention was
;iifj, oarpet-makinj:^, print-
The periodical exhibitions of the Arts
' the general imjirovement of the
lo the wide influence of ids work,
fimi removed to (Jneen-
A nwms in Oxfiml-street,
mild in 1S81 they transferred their works to Merton, in
Surrey. Mr. Vallance quotes the following account of
them from a Frenchman, M. Gabriel ^lourey : —
«}iopii of Morton Abb«y stand in an imineiiso
iel 08 and charming Bccnory. Workshops ilid 1
â– ly T It it Ml ii^ly wonl thut conjuros up visions of grimy
•moko, croaLing macliincry, and bodily toil. No, there is
sothtiig of all that. It is a sort of large farmhou'o built on one
tut>T, surroumlod by foliago and greenery, close by the bank of
s MDaall stream, the Wandle, which winds in and out with happy,
joyous 1 .Such is the workshop of Morton Abl>ey.
Hoihin^- ietiiro.1 there except by hand. No inacbine-
{inirer is :.v '•t'^am or electric, bat iroploinents of the
•imj'»«t '-o' 'h»» most primitive in kind, the old tools,
til' or live centuries ago. The predomi-
nair. isnn is allowed almost perfect liberty
of t»t«at an't imagination in the development of his work. This
i* ^ji..><-ii!llv the case in the tapestry and glass-work studios,
wh '-it exquisite nmrvols of art are turned out. The
wci "S ]iart in the work, becomes artist, and imparts his
•w: ;ly to the thing created, of which a rough plan has
i»9t Le ]) by the master. The hand press is used . . .
or t)'* V. rrotoiino irork is done directly with the band.
Th ^si stiffness peculiar to the work
)>( I r, it eTieonragos the workman to
take a more j>en<onal intorvst in his labour.
Tlii.-i striking description does not appear to l>e over-
drawn. .Morris's view of work was that it was " right nnd
ne< " ' II sliould have plea.«ant work that
wn r conditions involving no over-
taligiie. lie si it the product ion of works of art
was i)os8ible in i... nor — iierhaps that they could be
produced in no other manner ; but he failed to nee that no
SfKi tlist FVfttem could render his counsel of jx-rfection
3i>|.!i -ihle to iinskilletl lahour. However, nothing wjis
Hii 'eristic of the man himself than these works
at " ;
Mr. \ a!lanef> writes j)leasantly of Kelmscott-nmnor,
Morrio's c^juntry home on the upjier Thames from 1871 to
the diy of his death. Kossctti discovered the jilace, and
]>aint<'d there; Morris himself
'''.■"•. He was Iiuried in Kelmscott
• e its name to K<'linscott-
, in January, 1891, Jlorris
f*t irnous printing-presa. He held that " the
ojil_) . .;. 1 .-.it which sur|»asse« a complete medieval
book is n roniiilcte mwlifval building'." and, the latter
wot' Mo attempt the
fbn '• tlioriiughness.
N<i I I. no details were negleot«'d, nothing
wak i. .> ..... ... u. .; could contribute to tlie excellence of
the work. It waR not the work of his life, but only of a
tnryear ' ' tnily artistic than those
from M' I. Tiiere really scj-med
to I <r art iu uhich lie could not, if he chose,
History of the Oommonwealth and Protectorate,
1649-1660. Hy Samuel Rawson Gardiner. Vol. II.—
l(i,'>l-l(i.M. lixtUii., iVKipp. lyiiuloii, IM)T. Longraana. 21/-
Mr. Gardiner's latest contribution to the history of
England in the seventi'enth century has a special interest
of its own. It deals with tlie history of the Common-
wealth from 1G51 to 1G54, and, what is more, it subjects
Cromwcirs policy to a searching analysis, the results of
which must be as gratifying to the historical student as
they will be surprising to the Protector's admirers.
Between the stem religious enthusiasm of the
Puritans and tlie new Commercialism Cromwell stood forth
as a mediator. No one couM accuse him of want of zeal
for religion or for swial reform ; but on the other hand
he realized, like Chatham, that maritime power was a
necessary condition of commerce. " It is mainly," writes
Mr. Gardiner, "this combination of interests which has
raised Cromwell to the jiosition of the national hero
of the nineteenth century." Still he .was no Heaven-
bom Minister of Foreign Aflfairs. He entirely mis-
understood the signiticance of the Treaties of West-
phalia, and persisted in believing in the continutxl
existence of a European cons[)iracy against Protestantism.
The jK^riod of religious wars was closed, but Cromwell's
mind still worked on the lines of the Elizabethan period.
This ignorance of the drift of Continental feeling proved a
very serious stumbling-block in his jwth during the
greater imrt of his later career, and explains much of the
ajiparent vacillation noticealile in his foreign jxilicy.
The years 1U52, IGS.^. and 1G54 constitute a very
important period in the history of the Commonwealth.
Presbyterianism had, indeed, jiroved a failure in England,
but the disorganization of the English Church remained,
and the statesmen of the time were imable to attempt the
task of establishing religious liberty. As early as 1G51
Cromwell had become impatient of the existing system
of governments, and showed a distinct leaning towards
constitutional Alonareliy. In the same year Hobbes's
" Leviathan " ajipeared, and political thought ranged itself
definitely in ant-igonism to the mi.sgovemment of the
liOng Parliament. The dissolution of" this famous
As.scmbly in 105.1 was followed a few months later by the
meeting of the Nominated -Parliament, which soon di.i-
tinguished itself by the violence of its actions. This
Parliament occupies, to quote .Mr.Gardinei'. "a noteworthy
place in the historical'jlevelopment of England. Its mere
exi.ftence, irrespective of the good or, evil it may have
essayed to do. exhibits the high-water mark of Puritanism
in Chnrch nnd .^tate." The tide indo-d had been rifing
ever since the meeting ofvt!ie Long Parliament. By the
" Insti-ument of (iovernment " Cromwell was installed as
Protector, and Puritanism pwrned secure as long as he
was at the head of affairs. The framers of this new Con-
.'^titution aimed not only at setting »1> a bulwark against
the desiwti-ni of a single House, • but also at i)reser\ing
the pre<iominaiKe of Piiiitanism. Vet Sieves him.-elf when
nttemjiting to subject Honap,Trte to the control of various
Ixxlies hy his elaliorate C-onstitution of 1799 was not
more manifestly building on saud than were these
earnest Puritans.
In 16.5.T the tide in respect to Puritanism and to con-
stitutionali.sm had l>egim to turn. The system ofproji-
jn'ng up Puritanism by exjielliiig all who <li«-ngreed with it,
and by setting aside the prineijile of «'lectio'i to Parlia-
nii'nt by the constituencies, could not lie continued inde-
finitely. It wax not likely that men of th • world wouM
allow Puritanism to dictate to them its law<. It was certain
tliat Cromwell would not let his Puritan z\il blimrjiimto
October 30, 1897.]
LITKRATURE.
other conHiderntiona, politicAl or miimlnno. Thn var
1654 found (VotiiwoU ofciipiwl in tli'
of emU'iivourin^; to get up n conHtu
in tlio i>lat;o of the one \w and othcrn tiail ii«>iitn)y«tl.
The statesmen of the t'oniinonwealth, however, liiul
not only to deal with eonMtitutionnI inuttem ; they had
to provide for war ns well as for jK'tici'. " 'I
eoniplcte tlie jircdoniinance of Kn<{liiiul in
Isles, and, as if this were a lifjlit task, they had
involved the nation in a niarititne stniuj^li' with i
naval power in the world." The work of snhjnfjating Ire-
land, Seotland, and the colonies diirinf» th(-se years went
on simultaneously with a Dutch war, and with ne;;otia-
tions for an alliance with either France or S|>iiin. Of the
volume hcfore us, the most important is)rlion is that which
traces the forei<,'n jKilicy of ('romwcll. In his lectures
delivered last year at Oxford, and publishe<l under the
title of " C^ouiwell's Place in History," Mr. (Jardiner
indicated Clie nature of tlie conclusions now laid iH-foreus.
In the story of the first Dutch war. .Mr. (iardiner has
differed in many imjwrtant resjM'cts from the accoiuits of
])revious writers. We think, however, that his deductions
will he pretty generally aecej)ted. for they enilxtdy the
results of very careful investigations. The struggle
between the two Protestant maritime rivals will always be
read with interest. In spite of the magnificent seaman-
ship of Tromj), the Dutch could not contend successfully
against the overwhelming geographical advantages enjoyed
by Kngland. It was extremely difficult for the Dutch
admirals to fight with any hope of success when hamiK-red
by a convoy. And yet the Dutch dejKjnded for their very
subsistence upon commerce ; and so it remained the first
duty of their admirals to defend their conmierce. After
Tromp's death and Monk's victory of the Texel on July
SI, 1G53, CromweU's desire for i)eace was strengthened, and
one of his confidants — prolMil)ly Cornelius Vennuyden —
carried to Holland what Mr. Gardiner deseril)e8 as " the
most astonishing jtrojiosal ever made by an Englishman
to the Minister of a foreign State."
This proposal included an offensive and defensive
alliance between England and Holland, which was to In-
joined by Denmark, Sweden, and such of the (n>rman
States as were Protestants, and even by P'rnnce if she
conceded to her people liberty of conscience. The arrange-
ment lietween Najioleon and Alexander I. at Tilsit
])ales before the second jwrtion of the jn-oposal, accord-
ing to which the Globe was to be pnictically dividcif
between England and the United I'rovinces. A war
against both Sl>ain and Portugal wa.s undoubtedly
contemplated, and missionaries were to be sent to all
jieojiles willing to receive them. Ii>teresting as the plan
is, tlie mixture of jn^rsonal and religions aims, acceptable
as they would have bt-en to Elizabethan statesmen and
atlventurers, renders it un])al:itable to later generatiims.
To the Dutch, suffering from their defeats by England and
enjoying the benefits of peace with Spain, it seemed
]>;>culiaily ill-timed to enter into an unprovoked quarrel
with all those Catholic States which supiMirti»d the Incpii-
sition. Nor, indeed, was Cromwell himself more decided
upon a clearly defined policy.
In July, lGo3, he certainly entertained the idea of a
war with Spain, but, in the autumn of the same year,
anxiety on behalf of the French Protestants led him to
hoiie and intrigue for S|ianif.ii aid against Mazarin in
(ruienne. Mr.Gariliner's explanutioii of these extraordinary
fluctuations is ns follows : — •• It was not levity that was at
the root of this revulsion of feeling inCromwell's mind but
sheer inability to formulate a consistent foreign jiolicy
vAtild find mom far mn ei
to Ix' the entire ol iiiid up
( )ctol M-r, 1 6.53, to J uly , 1 0.' ' •
France and Sfiain. An
stand nioof from the wiir racing
Sixiinnnd to rest njioti an n'"- —
States. Mnzarin's diplomacy
Eii.
thai, :
shipa continued to<
purposes of trade, I pto m,
closes, Crumwrll's fiireiL'n ]>•
mri'
the
S|iain. What had held liim back wn
French I'rotestants, but as s ■•" - '
that all danger to them wiui i:
self to war with Sjiain as being an aiuick uii t
the Iiiipiisition.
Cromwell h:-
religion. I^ater -
favour because they see in
the jirolonged effort by whicii i.
the Seas wa-i built ujt." In the
pre-
of 1
the Puritan spirit nnii
has now given the first ,
If the Kestoration i« to be rej^rded
change of the form- ' * ' •
mode of thought air
said that the spirit of tl>-
a hnlgment within the 1
with these words that >lr. Ga
and, while they are a suinma;
the preceding jages, they give an iuii
may exjiect in a continu * ' '
historical students will
addition to our '
one more to the
marvellous industry and unerring historical insight.
no
a
'li
I
••r
'V
if
a
k
le I'uiH- and
•!i
..f
.1
9
It
he
The Diary of Master William SI'"""" • ^ ^
Sliakexjx'an' ami of Kliuk)N-t)mn S|M>rt. 1
Madden, Vire-('hnnr,l! ' •' \ •■■'■•- ... .
3sn p|>. liondon, 1SD7. Longmans. Idy
This is a pleasant and valuable lx>ok. Sli
versatility has tempted men of many sorts n- ••
to argue that he w.-us an expert in some i
n?ss. An Amer! ' i
evidence that b^ •■>
circulation of the blood. Ia>;
Shakesix-are's legal aajuiremeir .
lawyer now draws attention to his skill in run
famous head of a famous college is derisively s..ii
wondered "why gentlemen could not hunt in (!;•
vacation," but Mr. Justice Ma'
who love to sleep between ti
done this where alone it can be done, that is witii tiie
40
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897,
Devon and Somearsei staf^hounds. He has obsened that
theni''" ' ' "'i tiiat jKU'k do not much diffor from
thow 1 noe, and that the " NobK* Arte
of ^ ' in 1575, is still cited a.s an
au: ; .ii>w it. Sliakosj)ean* was con-
stanUy in his mind, and he thinks tliat where the authen-
ticity of a play or |vissa^ is in question sport fre()uently
prondes a key. Where a genuine knowledfje of horses or
of woodenvfl is .••liown, then he holds that the ])oint is
more than half provetl, and that a term wrongly ustxl is
fatal.
AtMolut* OMiainty in Sh»kaspoarian criticism is attainable
only in r»gard to matters of renery and hnrsoinaiishi)). Shake-
•paar* would as soon write of roiuing a fox as of starting a
This book is described by the real author as the
Diarr of William Silence, who records his exjiorionces,
kr.d vth" tivally collects certain not«B. tho loss of which loiuloavour
til a chapter entitled " Tha Horse in Shakespoaro."
Kv' ' of the horse who is a student of Shakespeare
mnst hare been struck by the number and apjiropriatencss of his
references to horses and to horsemanship : and I found that some
puaagee which once seemed obscure became clear, and that
others gained a new significance, in the light of such knowlwlgo
of the old-world phraseology of the manage as may be acquired
from tho copious souroes of information set forth in a note
entitled " The Book of Sport."
The chase of the nnl deer is first taken in hand, the
honnds being " of necessity Master Kobert Shallow's," and
the scene is transferred from Exmoor to Gloucestershire
and the Cotswolds. The hunt occupies four chapters,
plentifully garnished with a])i)0site passages from Shakes-
])eare. Six chapters are devoted to the sayings and doings
of country sjwrtsmen when not ac-tually engaged in pur-
soing anj-thing. The kennels are visited, and we learn
that " the old Exmoor staghounds, the last survivors of
the Southern hound," were sold to a German baron in
1*-: " • they have been succeeded by what areprac-
ti' \-liounds. They have lost much of the fine
m i in the " Midsummer Night's Dream " by
Ti j.-!^' jjack were
Matched in mouth like bells
Each nnder each.
On the other hand, they are not so " slow in pursuit,"
and we an' told tliat —
The philosophic stag-hunter, dismounting after a twenty-
mile gallop acroas Exmoor from Yard's Down, may reflect that
ThMeos' hounds, tuneable as wa« their cry, could no more have
«?eoantad for tho four-year-old gallo(H!r set up at Watorsmoet
than a pa<'k of beagles ootdd kill a fox in Loicestc-rsliire, and
that neitlior to honnds nor to men lias the grace of absolute per-
fection be«:n vonclisafod.
In describing country bum{tkins the author does not
forsret to put them sometimes alongside of peoi)ie who
hi! .and cities. The distinction is well inarke<l
it; I'-rs of Slender and Kenton. Mr. Ju.stice
M of <ipinion that SliakesjK'are did not at first in-
ti;. - jw for a caricature of Sir Thomas Lucy, but that
he did " at some time of his life intend this identifica-
tion." In Henry IV., and in the early rpmrto of the
Merry Wiiv» of Wintiiior, Shallow is still the Cilouces-
t' a somewhat ])r()l)h'matical
V' ' e<lition of the latt^T jday
that he i" merged in the [>om])OUK knight, who knew the
ways of t 'ourts, and who had Ix-en the host of Queen Kliza-
heth. Tlie deer-stealing story is discredited altogether,
though it was early accepted at Stratford, " where Shake-
Dpeare's taxtca and habits made it seem likely to the
townsfolk that he might have got into trouble by loving
sjwrt not wi.sely, but too well." Exact \mmf is im])Ossible,
but .Mr. Sidney I>ee has lately examined the evidence,
and is not indineil to flout llie received triulition.
There are chapters on hawks and hawking, which has
its votaries in England still, but which can never again
become general. Enclosures make the pursuit ditticult,
neither herons nor falcons are easily to be had, and sliort-
wingtnl hawks cannot coin])ete with breecliloatlers. Fal-
conry had a whole language of its own, uj)on wliidi the
author de.scants copiously, " I am," says Ifandet, " but
mad north-north-west ; when the wind is .southerly I know
a hawk from a handsaw," Upon this Mr, Justice Madden
remarks : —
The heron was also called lieronsliaw (horonsewe in Chau-
cer's •' S(]uier'8 Tale," and herounsow in John Rassull's " lloke
of Nurture," circ. 14o0), easily corrupted into handsaw. Shake-
speare does not hesitate to put into tho mouths of his characters
vulgar corruptions of ordinary language current in the stable
or in the field. Thus Lord Sands talks of springhalt (stringlialt),
and iiiondoUo of fashions (farcy) and fives (vivcs). In the
edition of Hamlet by Mr. C'larko and Mr. Aldia Wright we
find tho suggestion that tho north-westerly wind would carry
the hawk and the handsaw between tho falconer and tlio sun,
with the consequence that they would 1 e indistinctly seen,
while it would bo easy to tell tho dilTerence between them when
the wind was southerly. I believe this to bo the origin of the
saying. It was probably a common <.no in Shakespeare's time,
which naturally fell out of use with tho i)ractice of falconry.
In aid of this suggosti >n 1 may add that, in on article on " Fal-
conry in the British Isles " in tho Quartrrly /Jcricir (1876), an
account of a flight at tho heron is quoted from an old French
writer, who describes tho neronshaw as mounting directly
towards the sun, pour .<« courrier de la clartK The soothsayer in
Cymbeline (iv. 2, 350) notes as a portoiit that Jove's bird,
the Roman eagle, "vanished in tho sunbeams." This annoy-
ance must have occurred constantly on a bright morning with a
strong north-north-westerly wind. The angler who, under
similar conditions, in order to have the wind in his favour,
fishes with the glare of the sun in his eyes, can synipatliizo
with Hamlet when he describes himself as " mod, north-north-
west." When tho wind is southerly he can tell a r'.ss fiom a
ripple.
liOvers of the horse will find much to interest them in
this volume, both as to breeding, training, and using the
noble animal. Shakespeare may or may not have held
horses at the play-house d(K)r, but he certainly understood
them, and the language of the stable and the riding school
was familiar to him. He alludes more than once to racing,
but without showing any afTection for it, " It occupies
the uniijue position of a sjwrt recognized by Hacoii and
ignored by Shakespeare ; so let it pass." For fi^ihing,
at least of the more legitimate kind, he seems to have had
but little ta.ste, and Walton, who IovchI poets, does not
mention his name. The author adduces evidence to prove,
and it is plea.sant to believe, that Shakesp<'are did not
care for bear-baiting or such like barbarous amusements.
The Diary is followed by a critical appendix, which
raises many interesting rjuestions, but only one of these
need be noticed here, " Whenever," says the author, " a
knowleiige of the incidents or the terminology of Eliza-
bethan n\x)Tt suggested a dejtartnre from the text of the
" Glol)e ShakesjM»are," which I have generally adoptetl, I
have noted the variance. The consecjuence has uniformly
been to restore the reading of the Folio of 1G23."
We are, therefore, called u|K)n to lj<'lieve that that is the true
original, and that the Quartos ought to be rejected when-
ever tlu-y clifTer from it. Mr. .Justice Madden agrees that
the Cambridge edition is the best, but lie joins issue,-
October 30, 189
7.J
UTKKATURE.
41
ncvt'rthclcsii, witli tho editor, who lnul " Koriicu lifro n-iul.
or lu'iirtl (I MU>;j;fntion thiit tlie t«?xt of the First I'olii'
oiijjlit to be tiikcn a« a buHis for a critical edition «>t
Sliaki*s))enre," but who found that, "in f " litv
of caHfs whore a jin-vious Quarto <â– xi^I . mid
not tlic Folio is our l)<'!*t authority." luich
jiiussafjt" must no (loiil)t Ik- considi-nti hi']>arat»"lv, :<
not likely Mint universal a;,'reenient will ever 1.K' attain(*(|,
but the author's ph-a for the editors of the First Folio
will not hv readily afeejited. He tells us that if HeniinK«'
and Condell exii^'fj<'nited the iinjwirtance of their own
work they must lie regarded as eonsjiinitors, and that \i*-ii
Jonson and Leonard I)it,';;es nuist have been of tin
))lot. It is true that Jonson and l)if;gP8 and Huj{li
Jlolland inelixed verses to the First Folio, hut they
arc in praise of the poet and not of his executors.
Jonson says a great deal about Martin Droeshout's
success, but nothini^ about the s)K-eial text which
his portrait illustrates. It would be as reasonable to
claim Milton's authority for the Second Folio merely
on account of the famous lives therein printed. In any
case the lG2o Folio was the first ottempt at a collectMl
edition, and that was quite enough to cause rejoicing
among men of letters. It was not a complete edition of
Shakespeare's works, but it made the first long step
towards one, which suflHces to account for its fame and for
the enonnous jtrice which a copy commands in the market.
As an almost exhaustive treatise on Shakesperian sjiort,
this book may be safely recommended to all who love the
jKH't and to all who love the country and its amusements.
There lu^e some suggestive wood-cuts.
Gleanings in Buddha Fields. Studies of Uaiul <nul
Siml in ihv Km- Kast. n> Lafcadio Heam. 71x.")in.. 21*1 pj).
London and Now York, 18U7. HaiT)er. &/•
This is a volume which should have been printed on
riee pajicr and clad in one of those dainty bindings which
the Japanese delight in, for it is not so much a Iwok about
Japan as the very emanation of Jaimn. It is little to say
that .Mr. Heam has " the feeling of Japan." and he
maligns himself when he asserts that that feeling cannot
Ik> communicated to Western minds. Though even his
metaphysical speculations are full of poetry and suggesti(m,
we may not always be able to follow him into the esoteric
world of Buddhist thought through which he sfmrs on the
fearless wings of enthusiastic conviction. But in the less
shadowy world of Jap;niese life, with its jierennial vouth
and hoary antiquity, its exuberant joyousness anil subtle
pathos, its robust vitality and delicate sense of beauty, we
cannot wish for a more appreciative and stimulating guide.
Wherever his fancy leads us through the highways and
byways of Ja])an, whether to Osjika, the great capital of
her mmlern industry, or to Kyoto, her city of ancient
t(Mnples ; whether into the counting-house of one of her
nu'rchant princes, or into the humble toyshop where he
tells us the Jajwinese secret of making pleasure the com-
monest instead of the costliest of exjK'riences ; whether
ijito the rustic spirit-chamber of a Shinto shrine, or into
the Imperial (larden of the Cavern of the tJenii, he in-
variably lifts for us a corner of the veil through which our
Western eyes are apt to jteer vainly at " a world of tra-
ditions, beliefs, siipiisiiticins, feelings, ideas." <.> f.-reign
to our own.
What can be more delightful than the opening
chapter, in which the smiple story of village life in any
one of the thousand hamlets of Jajuui is told, as it were,
through the mouth of the tut^-lar
:ill ttii- lillllibli' i<<^- 'rlut u.M'~, 'iliit 1..
b.
Ill til'' 111!!, ^ii.in:'- 1 nv -mrii- i|iii,>< iii.'i ' ;;iui'iwiii
â– rove f"
wiinid «hiir>«r all I
wiinid «luir>«r all
^ . ymn, I in.i i<.\i-.l J v
He m good ; ho nt triio ; tiut
of our lovo i» dnrk. Aid n«
tu that wu ^
barn "f my
ow
to m« :
l«i!.tV.
Iii..t Illllll .U.'l II
Mdthvrs would briiif* their childron to mj thrMbold, uxl tMrh
wn bolore the gn>at liriKht
II. ' ' Thm 1 thould b«ir tbu
i-mbcr that I, tb*
more dramatic
,,.-1 •' ,.;.;. ;.-
tiian
an
'ft.
tli''- • . :
ghost and god, hud been a {ath«r.
No cli
pothetic ti
" The Seven Seals " contain
the tale of Hamaguchi, " ,i ..
description of one of those tri
which now and ' '
for scores and '..
One autumn evening, more than n lui
ago, Hamaguchi, who was t!ic headman of
was watching from the balcony of his house the pn'jiara-
tions for a merry making in the village liolow, in u ' ' '
wa.«, alas I too old ami intirm to join. An enr-
came, not !i to frighten iu
that land of _ . but with "a ^. ow,
sjKingy motion . . . and Hamaguchi became aware
of something unusual in the offing. He rose to
his feet and lookeil at the sea. It had darkened
quite suddenly, and it wa.** acting sf: " T
to be moving against the wind. T'
away from the land." And not
what that monstrous ebb h':^ . 4 to
the beach, and even b«»yond the beach, to watch it. But
Hamaguchi knew its meaning. He calls to l- i«on
for a torch, and, hurrying into the tield where uer
crop lies piled up i ' ... j^^
kindles the Mm-<lrii i/e,
and the big Ih*II is set booming in the neighbouring
temple, and the jieople hasten liack in r>«i.,.'i,.. t,> f.w
double api>eal. They think he is mad.
" Kiia '. " shoiitmt the old man at the top of hia voicei putitt-
ing to the open. '• Say » ow if T 1«» mnd ! "
w at the
dirndl w-
Throuph tlip fwi
edpo iif tho dusky h<ir
ill. ' '
tl..
of
loi
Cou ..;..,..
JV Kl' !'• '^\,.rr,l\. r-V l.ii..
I. Uiwering like a clitT, and
'* rjiiiKirni .'" shrieked tho jiooplo ; and then all nhrieks and
ted by
all «..,.i,.Ia ni,.l .,11 i..,,vor to h.'
n^. ; thiin HI
»ln _ :l « I'l'llt
hilU, and with a io
Then for an instant 1
rushinp up the slojo like a liuud -, and ih
back in panic from tI:o mere menace of it.
again, tliey saw a white horror of sea r.
their homes. It drew back marine, anil
of tho Innd as it went. Tw
and ebl>e<l, but each time
to its «?•■■•■•• ' •■1 and stay.
On :u for a t
stared .-.;.. .,'.y at tho »......;. ,, .„.,<....
of harled rock and naked riren cliff, tho
-â– i\ swell
iii-li tb.-
ml
ed
of
tela
.Vll
, — ..„ , ,..;.Ot.s
bewilderment of
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
ol
ai .
r<
D ..
tl
T.
He, th>
the noorost
kuDiIrpd liv.
-><!• WT»ok and nhinj^lo shot over tho otni cy Bitu
•i't'ii>!e. Tho villain wa« not : tho great r j>art
ovon the ti'trvoa* had coasotl to oxiat ;
« that had boon almiit ttio lv\y (hore
•.'j>lilo cxcopt two -^
iftor-tvrror of th''
.â– .ah, uuUl Lhu
tly,^
1 almost as poor as
i>ia h6 had saved four
.,.., ;„ .1,,
a
iu
hi:
^\
â– lnv" tlioro
and
A ay.
10 di<l not forgot their
t make him rich : nor
11 had it been {H>ssibl(>.
fd as an expression of
Is hull ; for they believed that
â– lo. So they dei'laro<l him a god,
i Daimycois, thinking they
id truly no greater honor
iwn lo mortal man. And when they
;ilt a tomplo to the spirit of him, and
, . .VI . l„..iring his name in Chinese
him there, with prayer and
., ... ... it I cannot say : — I know
In-o in hi.s old tliatched houio upon
• ami his children's children, just as
as before, while his soul was being
in" bflow. A hundreil years and more he
'<â– , they tell me, still stands, and
ghost of the good old fanner to
. trouble.
for one more quotation, and our
di nil extravagant evihaiTOS d/; richesses.
Br . . , ■•> liis ovm work the words in wliich he
describes the old-fa-'^hioned method of Japanese teaching,
the example we have chosen may serve to illustrate " a
metluHl which invests every form and every incident
«i tion."
f a little girl dissolves my reverie. She
i» ' ( brother how to make the Chinese
ct I Mnn with a big M. Then she trios
U> ' " on the baby memory by help of
a I \y learned at school. She breaks
• ^ . [111(1 manages to balance tho pieces
Mf- tho same angle as that made by tho
t» .. .i.i.ter. " Now see," sho says : " each
it.- of the other. Ono by itself cannot
•ta:.. . ji is like mn'ili'i.l 'W itli,>ut help ono
Wnon !iis world : bin '[> and giving
n«lp ' ' If nobody iy, all people
W' nd die." This explanation is not philologi-
es! a^ a mere item of moral information, it con-
t». all earthly religion, and the best part of all
*ai' A world-priestess she in, this dear little
maul, -.wUi ht.t dove's voice ftnd her innocent sospel of one
k>tt*r' ^ " ^
If ' " " ' - Ix'tween nations depend largely
on th- one another, we can only hojie
th • wiio is Lecturer on English Literature at
th' r Tokio, is as successful in imjKirting to
Ihi ajents a knowledge of the national life
«"'J' " ' 1 "r '• ' !• as he is in fnniili.irizing
Wei-ti-ru PM ; ,, w. of the subtler aspcct.s of
Jspanetie lif<-.
.ew Arnold, jukI their influence on
K»'> . Sir Joshua Fitch, fomuily H.M.
f napcK t4jr of lYaining Collofto*. 7jx5iin., 'IH jip. Uindon,
WW. Heinemann. 6 -
Arnold of Rugby. Uut 8<hool Life nn<l CnntributionH
lo f^ ' ' • I by J. J. Pindlay, F'rimipal of tho
O' Tniining College. "jxSjin.. xx. + 010 pp.
CVi University Press. 16;-
• lo of the Great l-^linator Series has a
vider »coi»e and one of more immediate practical interest
than any of the six previous nuinlx'rs of the series; for the
two names which apjiear on its title l«ige represent
the great educational movement of the Victorian era.
T' !•< .\ni()ld is unquestionably the greatest edii-
.1 figure of the reign, or, indetnl, of the cen-
tury. We see in him not only the great head master
inaugurating a new era in the teaching and the
discipline of Knglish ])ubiic schools, but a reformer
to who.'se enthusia.sm is largely due all the educational
advantages now offerwl so generously to the le.ss fortunate
classes of the community. lie bore a large jiart in the
beginnings of the l/>n(lon I'niversity ; to the principles he
insisted ujwn mtist be traced in great measure the move-
ment which resulted in the P^ducation Act of 1870 ; and
it is in strict acconlance with the gospel of humanity
which he was one of the first to preach that a new spirit of
brotherliood between classes has found definite expression,
and that sonietliing lias at last been done to spread among
the poor the blessings of knowledge and refinement.
Thomas Arnold was above all things an influence. Many
men have been lietter instructors than he was. Dean
Stanley, when asked if he taught the sixth form a great
deal in the course of his lessons, said, holding uj) a little
notebook he had in his hand at the moment, •' 1 could put
everything that Arnold ever taught me in tlie way of in-
struction into this little book." lie had little appreciation
of art or even of poetry. But, if he did not instil into his
pupils a great body of learning, he did inspire them with
much of his own enthusiasm for knowledge ; he made
them feel its dignity and its power, above all they learnt
its moral aspects, and its immediate be.vring on the higher
issues of life. We are glad to see that Sir Joshua Fitch
records a serious protest against the popular belief that
" Tom Brown's School Days " is to be taken as a picture of
Rugby under Arnold. As ^Matthew Arnold jwinted out to
him, it gives only one side, and tliat not the best side, of
Rugby school life or of Arnold's character. We trust
that Dean Stanley's Biography will live when Tom
Ifughes' romance is forgotten, and that " Tom Brown "
will not be quoted in future years
As illustrating tho low standard of civilization, the false
ideal of manlinoss, and thu deep-seated Indiirerencu to learning
for its own sake which cliaracterizod tho upper clodses of our
youth in tho early half of the nineteenth century.
Sir Joshua Fitch does not disguise his own rather
advanced views on higher education ; but, while they
enable him to criticize with insight some parts of Arnold's
educational meth<xl,they do not interfere with a singularly
complete and impartial estimate of it. If we may suggest
a criticism on work so atlmirably done by so high an
educational authority it is that, with so representative and
central a figure as Arnold for its subject, a somewhat
wider view might have been taken of his antecedents and
the general results of his work. Some mention, for
instance, might have been made of tlie original exjx'ri-
ment in school discipline made by Rowland Hill and his
brothers at their school near Birmingham — an experiment
wliich arouse<l an immense amount of interest both here
and abroad, and was jirobably not witliout its influence
upon the new rfiffime at Rugliy. It eonsistetl mainly in
jiutting the a<lministnition of law and justice
matters almost entirely into the hands of the
was an audacious scheme, but it went too far.
Hill's pupils said, "The thought le.s.sness, the spring, the
elation of <-hildhood were taken from us — we were jirema-
ture men." A very similar criticism was made with
regard to the Iwys turned out from Rugby. This kind of
moral precocity hardly sunived the days of Arnold. 1 low
in school
boys. It
As one of
October 30, 1897.
LITERATURE.
41
fnr, as ii mftttor of fact, his work difl livf aft<T him, how far
\u' lu-tnaWy reformed public sch<K)l life, i.s a (jueMtioii we
wotild ^'ladly have tteen Sir JoHhiia Fitch diitciiM n Iittl«
more fully. The Kugby Head Master wn.M not alone M a
reformer. Others, esjHfially H«!Wi'll of Hadlev and i^t.
("oluinba's, liavo greatly contributed to a hi
tion of a liberal education, and sociiil change-
toward.s a <jreater civilization in scIkk)! life ami a
better relation between nuwterH and boys, Tliero in
much, too, in the school life of to-day whicli ixiintx
to forgetfulness of the great lesiion taught by Arnold.
Some think that the love of knowledge is not the nlo^t
conspicuous featun* of our public s<hoo!s, and there
is certainly still much of unintelligent, uninspiring
gnunmar-grinding (piite out of harmony with tlio
Arnolilian spirit. Hut he unquestionably impressed not
only on the .schools, but on the nation, a new ideal of
education, and stimulated in every educational institution
in the country (to use the words of the Itishop of Here-
ford) '• tlie growth of public sjiirit, moral thought fulness,
and what we sum up as Christian character." This
is well brought out in Mr. Findlay's book, a book intendwl
for a more special class of read<>rs — to which the Bishop
of Hereford also contributes. There is not much original
matter in it besides the Bishop's brief but very interesting
intnxluction. It is a kind of •' Arnold Memorial," con-
tjiining extracts from Stanley's " Life," Sermons and Kssays
by Dr. Arnold on educational topics, and a notice of
the chief books bearing on Arnold and educational reform.
It is carefully done, and students ofeducation will certainly
find it a book worth jxissessing. Sir .loshu'v Kiteh's
chapters on Matthew ArnoUl gain great •
the fact that his life on its jtractical side.
can be gathered from Mr. tfeorge Kussell's collection of
his letters, has not been written, and that Sir .Joshua
Fitch is the one man now living who is most
capable of dealing with it. It may well be asked
why Matthew Arnold, who is knowni to the vast m.ijority
of readers only as a iKi(>t and a critic, who was never a
teacher by profession, who formulated no new educational
theory, who did not even believe very much in the kind
of school to which his father's energies were devoted, and
who performed with distaste, and from some points of
view not wholly with success, the educational task which
was the business of his life, shoukl be ranked as a great
Educator. But it is imjwssible not to recognize, after
reading Sir Joshua Fitch's exliaustive and judicial "ai)pre-
ciation," that he had considerable claim to the title. An
extren^ely interesting testimony to the indirect value of
his work as an Ins]x'ctor of Schools is here quotttl from
his assistant, ^Ir. Healing, who tells us how he insi>ired
the teachers, and how he stinuilatwl by his own enthusia.sm
for culture the whole life of the schools which he visited.
" His usefulness as an Insi)ector," says Mr. Healing, '* it
appears to me, lay very much in his success in bringing
some tincture of letters into the curriculum of the Ele-
mentary School.'' And he succeeded to some extent in
ins])iring, in the same way, the great Philistine imblic
outside the schools. He accepted the dictum of a foreign
reporter, who said, " L'Angleterre proprement dite est le
jMiys tl'Europe ou rinstruction ei>t le moins reimndue."
He preacluxl a crusade in favour of a more reasonable and
more liberal policyand of centralization onContinental lines
as against the rule of vestries and sectarian committees.
His knowledge of educational methods, both here and
abroad, was immense, and his authority is constantly
quoted in all educational controversies. The Keport of
the Koyal Commission on Secondary Instiniction, issued
tv,
ei .1!- . .
e^ , their width of view, '
tleu rnilliour, ar«" 'f.
He will po down i of
-"■Fitch's book 'Ai: • to
ide of jK<-fiTi*v on
\t .or on I oo
till ....... .jittble im; . l"'
thought of Iiis own and f
work — we will not
that term an much
tl;
^\,- I _
and enlightened educational aygtem.
The Lords of Lara. La Leyenda de loa slet« la-
fttntes de Lara. P<>r D. Ram6n Meatodes PidaL 4 to.
xvi. U.S |.|>. MiMlriil, 1>4/T. DucazcaL
Tho logend which forms tho •abject of Rafior Mcn^ndcs
Piclkl's brilliant ttody it ono of tl;' * ' ' â– - ..i.li
atnry. Takun front an olil li«t m; tha
" < 'of Alfonno t
b\ >. P"n .liinn
abroviadn," smi
tion of ttio " r..:
Oonilo ' nzAlox " anil tho i"
of tho : .... ...:!i century. Tho ._ -•*•
seitod upon it and trrateil it to tuch omlurin^ < the
Cancionoroa of TinionotU, <-•■'' ! ft, and their i i»e
gomo thirty nomanfcj on t Its laUing ' ••
attcsUMl by tho fact that, . . .^
Hurtailo do Velarde, and '
boanU in tho golden age oi ; â– â– ;"
u»o<l in O'T rontiirv by tho Pip tV' • '
ill •
Ff
contra »a aangro " is utiil (;ivcn in
and wus seen at tho Teatro do la r'r :
in tho twenties. Tho vopue of t be
inferred from the 40 plates ongr. ., v ;iS*«
roaster, or the " Historia septem infantium do l..i.'.i," pab-
lisho'l at Antwerp in lAl'J.
Tho story is a strikin'.; ilhistration of tho ancient Caaidiaa
spirit. At tho w. " ' ' " ' .
thcru aro t>r<>soiit
Dofia S cr <«i liii>
last In . and. tn
Lambra'.t brother, A 1 /.. and <
youngest of tho Seven ' • Lara, ci.'
According to tho Castilian code, an affront r bride-
groom is accounted unpardonable, and Huy ... "•Tjotl
on by his wife, strikes his nephew. A shallow trti red
by the murder of one of T. ' ' - ' ' al
his mistress, has gn^islv 'lila
huntinif; near ItarKidillo.
under Lambra'it mantle, sr
their dripping Rwonl.s. In
arrives and vows to take sii
world —
Qnc Tinruln« t por n^crr
V
Dissimulating his wrn: _ =ori '- fJnr.ra!o duties
on nn embassy to his ally Al: i. with •
letter written in Arabic, purport. ..^ . .. : raloen.
The true contents are to this effect — Almanz'^r is aalced tn
behea<i the bearer and to send troops to KeKros when* Boy
Velazqucs undertakes to deliver his nephews i;,t<i the hand* of
Ualve, tho Emir's lieutenant- Alm.inzor, h'jwcvcr, sparaa his
44
LITERATURK.
[October 30, 1897.
'« Ur«. kiid a Moorish mAidsn— in Mtme rarsions Alman-
'T— growa anamoiirAd of Um eaptivo. Dstpito thn evil
oaieuA ilaaoonoad ) ~ '. thoir montnr, tho Svvcn LortU
inaiat oa foUovii uox, wh» lomU tlirni into an
•nbns^ada at Aim ' liiov ami their two liiindioi] voomoii
ftre alaia after mi: r.\\\'T\. Tliuir »«V( n HoiuIm nrt> st.'iit
to Ct^rJora to b* pin . a ahiwt and shown to Gonzalo
t.iT.'i - V ! .. f,.!'^ ;â– :on of tuorii. In pity at his
<:onulo O unties, who dopsrta,
.> II :i.-i<<-' liuii it i.ng to be ptesentod as a token
'. hi* son— «s yet nnb<irn. Impotent for action, the
' ' '. (jjy^ Bwiiitinp the day
19 half-Moorish son,
:> troop, and rctlrissoK
:»7. in Ringlo combat,
i iinlira alire. As a titinl touch, Mudarrs is
mes the idol of Doua Sanoha.
So. giTon in rough outline, does the cclobratad story reach
ns. Sr. tfen^ndos Pidal has undertaken to traca its historic
basis, and we nt:ty say at onco that he has acquitted himself with
rtn: tion. Buy Velilzquoz has hitherto ci>mm<'nly
bri ill a Leonps^ cf>i;nt of that name, in the scr\'ice
of licrmudo the Ciouty, tow.. id of the tenth century ;
but St. Alontfndez Pidal < ' aos, by a most convincing
argtimcnt, that this identification has no nSore solid reason to
support it than luis that which confuses Lambra with c>nc of the in-
numerable Flatnulas whose names recur in ancient Calician deeds
and eharter*. But it is by no m^ans imjmssiblo thut the tradi-
tion embodies fragments of distorttnl f.-ict. The sending of the
•iron heads to Cordova may bo cited as an instance, and the
GsWe of tradition— a Moor of that name figures in the " Poema
'<o identical with the historic Galib of Garci
The alliance between Alni<in7Jkr and Uuy
\'claxquez. typical of the quarrels between a great baron ond
hi* «t!/<r:iin- i~ :i variant of the relations existing between the
Kr. 1 and the Cid Campeador ; nhilo the episode
of txMK.ii . <.â– ...-!. v>z' amours, resulting in the birth of Miidarra,
is another version of the story of Oliver and Galeant in the
" Viaggio di Carlo Magno in Ispagna." In both cases we find
the same machinery— the half-ring whereby the father recognizes
the son whom he has never saen. Sr. Mcni^ndez Pidal dis-
cuseea the development of tl.e legend with great acutencss and
learning. Me successfully cmibats Mibl y Fontannls' belief
that no version of the Lara legend can be found between the
venerable eanUtr incorporated in Alfonso's " General Chronicle"
and tlw romanf't of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The
lUmonstration is indeed triumphant, for :^r. Mcn-5ndez Pidal
produces the connecting link in tho form of a much more ela-
borate version which was discovorod by him in a fourteenth
rentury chronicle, and which contains an admirable laini-nt by
tho f.Ttb<»r o%-<T his son's rt-niains. Thi.s raisrs an imi><>rtant point
— nsm ' ivation of tl:e | ootic cmlxillishments found in
the lat' n. It is difficult to resist the conclusion that
"h^ro < raninr dating from the end of the tliir-
tl, ''
tl..
eiu. .. .
g of the fourteenth century. The second
titly, seized upon his prcdecosor's theme and
invention details and ornaments more in
[Hirary standards— as. for example, the
'V Mudorra against the Kmir of Scgtirs, who
\IVrst<-ni n-fulirs Sth his ol-scuro origin. And there is much
Jajjanr- Tmu^ndez Pidal's conjccturo, based on a
fho fisnvwn-ij)! " Estaria do los G(m1os,"
r even a fourth, rnn/(xr on the
•''- Id rnnfnr that we jHissess is
ltWiM>.Urf ul •i»*Ji.Ui« 4 del Old," the single shro.l of jetsam re-
•**" V of a mass of ancient song. CompoBe<l
•'7- 'iie " Chanson de Rrdand " and fifty
»<• ' '">■-enlied," tho " Pocmadel Cid" isan
^■' t"»»Tr8Jnin,p„tire \^\y <,f vn„i,hed litoraturo.
■*^"'" — - *- f it, that this perfonnanro was
This volnme of the Orel's against the notion and the
wider txopc and one of more ifnioles testify to the existence
of submcr|;e<l masterpieces. From tho early romances, none of
which dutvH earlier than tho fifteenth century, no certain de-
ductions can bo drawn. The most thut oan bo safely said is that
they are the ililnit of older sonpi, freciiiently rotouchud and com-
pletely changed from thoir primitive foiin ; they owe tlieir lives
to the happy accident that their .^ouipurative brevity insured
their renieinbranco down to o time wl:cn ] rintinj; came to save
them from oblivion. And, even so, the overwhelming majority
of the songs in the Romanceros and Cancioncros is the work not
of popular "makers" but of courtly versifiers. Tho almost
complete extk-.ction of older trnditioiml rong is one of tho most
perplexing problems in tho history of 8pani>h litoraturo. Poiibt-
I'lss tho fact that the shorter rvDinnrcs and— later — tl.e thcntro
made use of tho more popular vir^ions of hiftoric iiml Icgerdary
incidents may paitially account for the disappearance of tho
earlier style ; and there is iv.iich fiTCO in t-'r. Mtni'ndei'. J'idal's
contention that the uixritical adoption of national l<'(.'eiKl» and
traditior.s by tho chronicles dealt a fatal blow to tho old fanlare*
and prevented tho prcMluction of later examples in thn camo
kind. But, be that as it may, there is grave reason to doubt if
Castilian was, in truth, as rich in eaily verse as it is conimrn to
suppose. The mere fact that the cl.ronicles were more to the
popular taste is of itself ovidenco that no man it genius hud
arisen to do for Spain wh:it the j(ti'ikiir.i had di.no for Fmnce.
The cajitttTi'H (If ffcit!a were a purely exotic growth, and it is
scarcely (doubtful that tho jw/Uir who sang tho exjdi its of the
Cid was, in many resitocts, a free imitator of tho model sot ond
fixed in thj " Chan.son de lloland." In other words Spain, liKo
the rest of Kuroj)e, till tho coming of Boccacio nnd Dante,
takes her themes and I'.or troatmeiit nf them from Fror.oh
examplars.
In the second part of his valuable appendix, Sr. Mcn<?ndoz
Pidal endeavours to reconijtrtiot the second last cantar upon the
octosyllabic verso-systom of tho rumavceji, and it is sini)>le justice
to say that ho has d-no his part with romaikablo success and
skill. Whether the ancient eatitairs followed any uniform system
of versification is a very doubtful matter ; in tho state of tho
text of tho '• Poema del Cid " as it survives no ingenuity can fit
the lines to one common measure. Morcuvcr, if, as the writer
somewhat im])rudcntly allows, the ancient chroniclers delibo-
rately wrote at times in assonant prrse, it is obvious that tho
hindrances in tho way of textual reconstruction ore considerable.
But, when all allowance is made, tiiero can \m no two opinions
concerning the importance of p'r. Meiiendez Pidal's treatipo. His
excellent method, his ingenuity, and his immense learning are
exemplary ; and his thoroughness is shown by the fact that ho
has been rnibled to add seven now roniojic^jt to the exhaiistivo
collectinn made by Agustfn Uuriin. One slip has occurred in u
quotation from Lope de Vega's " El baatordo Mudarra, " which
is given as
Ay (lulces prfn<la» parn mnl hBlladas.
Manifestly tho true reading should l.o " ]>ar mi mat halladat,"
the lino l)eiiig the opening of the tenth sonnet of (iarcilaso do la
Vega, who plainly had in mind tho lament of Dido.
Dulri'ii exuvii (luiii fats di-uniiuc siiicbaiit.
Sr. Meni'ndez Pidal's woik is, beyond all question, tho most
important that Spain has priKluccd in tho province of pure
criticism and snliohnrihip since tho publication of Mild y Koii-
tanal's copital volume, •' La poesfs heroico-popular castitUana."
Written with cleamesH, vigour, and rnre ])reci8ion, it abounds
with ingenious reasoning and |.ri.gnant suggestion, with abundant
new facts, with diM)overio8 which m.iy involve an entire recon-
sideration of the early chaptiTs of Kimnish literary hi»t( ry. It
is not too much to say that 8r. Meiu'n<lcz Pidal's study of the
Lara legend is worthy to rank beside M. Gaston Paris's " His-
toire po^tiijuo do Charlemagne."
Historj- of Intellectual Development, on the Linos of
M<xl<Tii KvoUitioii. By John Seattle Orozler, "Civilisui-
tion nnd Pr»>grfi«," &c. Vol. I. «vo., cloth, l.''i+r>:« jip.
London. 1HII7. Longmans. 14-
The " Intellectual Development " with which Mr. Crozier
I has set himself to deal is that of European civilisation. Hindoo
October 30, 1897. J
LITERATURE.
43
thought (moiitioiiiHl <>n thu titlo-iinK<<) in <liicuii«o<l oiiljr with •
view to ilotormiiiin^ whother it haii had or in iikoly to huvo my
})rofoun(l iTitliioiu'O on Kiir<>i>«ari tlioiight, thi-roiichmion huiriK that
it is aiul will remain (|iiito a aei'aratu ^rnwth. Judaiatn ii ilis-
ciimckI an preparatory to Christianity. 1'lius th« book haa a
unity not fully iiidicutoil in the titio ; fur certainly nothing
organic couM lio iiiailc of a iiiatory r>f intullcotual ilrvelopmunt
among mun in goueral without rofuruncn t<> aomo c < ' ' '>o-
mont. In explaining tho ^'enorsl nature of tho achi ho
has iH'giiQ til work out, Mr. (.'ror.ior roinnrka thnt tho muiii (|ui'ii-
tion which concoms u.s is " whothiT thoro is at hnml n I'lfficioiit
bmly of factK honrinj; on tho hi«ti>ry of int. ' .|>-
inent to justify thu attempt to ro<hicu thorn t >< uv*,
or to sctrvo as proof of the hulk atiit siilliciency of thvao
laws when found." Ho concludes, rightly as wo think, tliat
thero is. Tho niatorinl for historical work such as that attoniptMi
by Hegel, Comte, Uuckk>, and Mr. Hurhvrt Sponcor is
t>ecoming ever moro ahundant, and provisional gonuralizit-
tions of a minor kind uru constantly being addiMl. Xor
is Mr. Cro7.iur's own attempt altogether unsiiocessful. Ho
has. for example, boi^n able to maku use of now results in
roforoni'O to tho development of Hindoo philosuphy ond
of Jewish monotheism. His chapters on these subjects coidd not
havo been written early in the century. And, so far as miithod is
concerned, ho is not wrong in supposing that sound cenorali-
zations.'whon attained, should enable us to return upon history
and deduce its main outlines. At the sumo time he lays too
much stress upon this kind of " prediction." It is always open
to a critic to point out that you can easily predict when you
already know tho facts. From a knowledge of tho starting ])oint
of CiVcok philosophy, Mr. Crozier says, its termination can \w
fore.seon, nnd he goes on to write a sketch of tho history as if it
were a perfectly culciduble evolution in whicli tho element of
individuality could be ignored. This is tho Hegelian eiTor, for
"which Hi'geliana themselves have apologized by showing that
Be'ol wa.s all along bringing in empirical facts as given, while
ap[iarontly exp<nuiding them as if they were formally de<Iuciblu.
And when facts are not introduced in this empirical manner, the
attempt to pretlict thoir details is apt to go wrong. Mr. Crozier,
for example, puts Anaximones before Anaximander ond tho
Eleatics before Heraclitus, because the movement of thought
that ho presupposes requires that this should bo the onler. An<l
is it certain that the atomic sy-stem in Hindoo philnsoj-hy.
which he reganla as ono of its pro-determined phases, was not
iMirrowed from the Greek Atomists ? It di>es not seem to have
â– occurred ti> Mr. Crozier to guard against all objections bysaying
with the Hecolinns thnt ho is only describing '' the movement of
categories in the ordiT of thought-<lctor!ninations,"and that this
cannot always bo realized in the order of time, because there ia
in nature some impotence or " negativity " which prevents its
res{)onding to tho self-ovolution of spirit. His scheme requires
that the predicted order should bo chronological.
Comparison with Hegel naturally sugijests itself because Mr.
Crozior's central idea is much like Hegel's. Ho sees in history
evidence of a power working for tho production of higher moral
nnd social relations among men, and to this end making use of
tho unconscious agency of individuals, who are instruments in
ft process of which they are themselves unconscious. Thus, while
men and racos think they are working out their own ends, they
are really working out tho ends of the genius of the world —
"ends more vast and sublime than those they know." As
history goes on, however, men become more conscious of the real
end of the process ; so that in modern times improvements are
made " directly " where formerly they would have Wen made
indirectly. Witli Comte also Mr. Crozier suggests comparison
when he speaks of three kinds of causes — p>ers»nal wills, abstract
essences, and physical antecedents ; these being, in his view,
the kinds recognized by religion, philosophy, and science respec-
tively. The doctrine hero, of course, is not precisely that of
Comte, for, not to speak of other differences, Mr. Crozier regards
as real the causes that are recognized by religion as well as those
that are racognizedby scienco,cxcluding only the "metaphysical
ComU, malui u.y
a ataga at tninaition lotwaen throlugy and |xMiti>« roitnca.
Ancient phil<"< '>''>^ >' i, ,!,K ui* alm<>*t »! . i^ - •'-'tuititin
fromonervli ..-h therK -niMiU,
lik» that <f • VIII'" 1 1. <:ii .1 'i«, in a iM' cxrtiati,
there was not enough cotua! • allMW |! to filial
a n ' ' ' •• in its : '.tliekm
an\ V' in a nui: .m hud
btM 111
th.. ir
hand, tends to I . tn
times has nt 'if .v
only needs : Thi« r nn
Mr. Cmzier ., , ■. that > ■■' ...>»»
reol internal etkiinen are <|nit" coni]>otible with ' "cicnc*
taken as an account of uverythin.- ' -'-n fri'm v, .LM.nt. lie
would probably not object to ihi' ii of this reconcilia-
tion as itj<e!f a kind of phi! i<;'ii4< of wiut Meina his
hostile attitude towards " ' *."
It will I e seen that, whili' 'a-
tions to pro<kc'.'i.''ort which he <' tia*
a distinctive point of view of his own. And detail
is skilfully brought under this (loint of riow. ' '-ht,
no doubt, b« made in n-any place* to parti-u ut
tho course of development is well ' - e~
timds. indeed, there ia a tendency : of
one side of the case by ' -i ti c i.-ncr luvfvui,
of course, much in an< .' that Chrintian afolop i>1«
were able to seize upon, ai:d tu tieat as ) i for a new
rovealed teliji'-ii Yot it is. fprh.";>«, r'' to s'"t, aa
Mr. Crozier in
ChristianitT " t ia
undoubtedly tnio, as he also rays, that < came fiom
outside the Grn-co-Uonan development, •. ita victory
meant the dominance of a new principle. Here again, ho««T«r.
he ia too absolute when he aii««'rti that " the aoul an' "tial
spirit of Paganism may be expressed by the moral n- ; of
mnster and alavu, as that of Christianity is by parent and
children." This ia to oppoie half tho facts of the ono to tbo
ideal of the other. We think «• «t-
n-.ont of " Paganism " in the A , .i;t
from any philosophic interpret ation, / •■iKo
father of gods and men '' in verj- n:< rro to
details, the assertion that the ir.«
" took their rise in tho worship >iro
than doubtful. Influential ns ideas of the divinity of tho ttara
were in clataical antiquity, they oocm '•■l'<" i— •■.1 Chaldean
importation. There is a ]>as5age in .' era tho anu
and moon are said to bo the gods of tli<' i.uuuiiaks iu diotinctioii
from tho anthrvpomorphic gods of Orooce.
In an appendix Mr. Cr th«
Platonic accounts of the . :i«
Unds extremely cr\ido cviiipareil with ; , la-
touisni, which was, pirhap.*, tho b' ii>a
attainable before there was genuine physical s.'ience, failc<l
because it o'>uld only drair out an analytic scheme of tbo world,
and could not set it in motion by a ryttem t4 personal willa.
This Christianity, with ita tdoption of tho Mosaic C« amogony,
was able to do. There was also a distinct theoretical advance
from Platonism to Chrittianity, in that CI : ' 'thu
few primordial causes of Platonism to the .xl
by tho term " will," t' st
key to unlock the uni.f in
its manner a religion, or at l»a»i at
religions oniin.irily deal with. > ' S>
and quite philosophical in spirit, though in its earliest pages we
note a curious tendency to '• drop into " b'.ank verse— not
print«<I as such— in describing £rst the scheme of Creation
according to Christianity and then according t<> the Tinin-aa.
This is a paper that illustrates the danger of being rhetori-
cal.
46
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 181)7.
None Beltrafi:e aur Thaorlo imd Technlk derBplk
nnd Dramatlk. Von Priedrich Spiclhagen. 7rx.">iin.,
xir.-faSD pp. lieipsif;. IMis. L. Staaokmann. 6 marks.
Thera U»bra««y opti , to Spu.l-
hag«n'a Mcond Mrioa of ' y anil Art
o( Spoa and Dranw " uliuit cuptivittvii tliu rvuilur from the
bagimung, Bml aliiilos till the tut U-af is tunu-<l. We foul, as
«• Uy Um book down, that tho wriUr would mako a duliglitful
ooB>p*luon •'Vir ttii< nata and wine, or their native equivalent of
mgwn aad ' ow. A sanity pl»y» upon his poges which
ia as frv« livu, u.,,iK-w prejudice as it is from vapid enthusiasm.
Spiethagen stands upon tho vantago-grounil of the Psalmist's
afB, with his liu<rary reputation behind him. On his journey
tbroo^h life. a« his own novels bear witness, ho hiis been more
a» .\n to the negations of character. He gives
ai, , what iliey mean, hut keeps, at the same
tinw, an aommts wnM uf the proportions between intontiun
â– ad achisvement. In this way his present volume is an interest-
Irg contribution to the study of contemporary literature.
Its contents ere of varying value, and only tho first chapter
rises to the height of a genuine essay. Much water has flowed
nnder tho bridges of tho llhino since the first series of these
papers was written. After 1870, he writes in tho present Intro-
duction, " the younger men readily settled down into the con-
ditions which were so completely changed, into which, indeed,
tbe yt t f;oneration had first to In; bom in order to grow
up ut)' There were few traces of the whilom ideology
to be discovered among them. The world was an oyster, which
it was good to open. Success was trump, . . . and, rightly
regarded, it is futile to deny a world when you are anxious to
coif^ucr it. Tbe chief thing is to forgo the weapons for tho
conquest." 80 the pessimists and ideologists disappeared for a
while, and the realists and impressionists succeeded. In the
lilorarj- sphere, which is Spiolhagcn's own, he recognizes epos
and the drama as the two main vehicles of their mes!<.-igc. Each
••lapt^-d !tw!f to the new demands, and in tho second chapter of
:' ks a lance with Schiller on the proper
«i y. In a latter to Goethe, dated just a
citr. . . ' ' • r "JO, 1797, the brother poet liad written that
*• '.-.Lry k;!i - •'•. '. ii.ance is absolutely non-poetical. It lies en-
tirely in the domain of [reason, submitting to all its conditions,
aiid participating in all its limits." Spiclliagen disputes this
opinion. He holds tho view of the majority, that the romance
and the novel of to-day are tho legitimate heirs of Homeric verso.
A new epos, in the stricter sense, we are not likely to see : —
" It cannot be otherwise. Every condition is wanting under
wbirh th<- rv; -,-jv . proper wotiI'I come to birth. Mythos anil
f- ': it derived its life, have Xmen
"mposes with its bards. Tlio
t t y ; lis division into countless sets,
i tion. fortune, reputation : tho refine-
' " ' 'â– <.f labour ;
Hi of thl;
;,■■»ij,i " jcir :^ i rSCO niul
it tho hem of tho shore— all
, t,, flu. T n1iTw.(.Ti....i« of the
• Lje of
■■«.•■.. niM'If
ins people, and as -
the worbl to Vr ('.
oi**-rvanr:i. at. ai <-u8t<Mii, and waa couipletuly {j«r-
spicaous in its ,'„its " (p. G3).
Bat if tiieae oonditions ean never again bo repeated, Spiel-
bac'cn'ii biiiorical aenae it satisfio<I that the novelist occupies the
tbo more fully and freely, indeeil, Ix'caiue his
...»>. ..•u.i.un off tho fetters of metro and rhyme. The critic
not rvgard such emancipation as lessening nn author's
' "' • U (if all times and peoples 1
f my hand.4," by writes ; but
'.Tj.wii.zi );iSj>::itin^ picturu of the new field in which the
n vi'lift h«» t'> W'>rV.
' I., " Epic Poetry
«ni<b': By a rapid scries of
oontnata (tpieUiagen characterizes the wonders of the fresh
material which is ready to the epioist's hand. Tho genial
optimist seems to imply that we are inclined to underrate tho
poetic opportunities of our own generation. Tho chorus of
Bophocles, ho says, in which man is extolknl os tho most mar-
vellous of croato<l things, might ovnn havo taken nn a mora
ecstatic note had the news uf tho victory of Marathon been trans-
mitted by telegraph-wire or had Salamis boon fought with
mo<lern ships of war. Germany, ho admits, has never yet stood
" under the sign of maritime ^intercourse " ; but Zeus' tele-
scopic eye, and the telegraphic sandals of Hermes, and the tele-
phonic communications between Olympus and Earth, have almost
been realized by tho science of mankind. " 1 remember t<> this
day," writes Spielhogen, by woy of (lorsonal illustration, " the
powerful iinprossion which tho deatli of Mr. Carkor, the villain
in ' Dombeyand tson,' made upon me : how he watched the glowing
eyes of the locomotive, drawing nearer and nearer through tho
night, and stood stock-still on tlio rails, liko a bird fascinated
by the gaze of a snake, until the engine crushed him. That was,
if I remember aright, towards the end of tho forties. liut oven
now, when no child is any longer afraid of tho railwaj', how can
one avoid a tremor at the description of the train rushing
rudderless into tho night, with which La lUU Ilumaine con-
cludes? What a multitude of difToront scones — meotings and
partings, denouements, surprises, and ca])turos — happy or sad,
friendly or sorrowful — have not stoam-horso and steamship,
t«logr.ii)h and telephone, mado not only possible, but obliga-
tory?" The writer then glances at "tho perspective of the
bicycle," and tho part it may play in tho Odyssey of the future.
He has a word, too, to say on tho modern tendency to read
short novels only. Thirty years ago, ho tells us, Auerbach and
he debated whether four volumes or three represented the ideal
length. The author of " Auf der Hiiho " contcndotl for the
shorter limit ; Spiolhagon was of opinion that tho book would be
spoiled if less than tho four volumes was aimed at. To-day ho
recognizes that tho pocket edition at ono mark has become the
roigning favourite.
Tho reader will turn with ready curiosity to tho accounts
which Spiolhaj:un givos of tho sources of his inspiration for hia
" Problematical Natures " and tho hero of " Sturmflut." Of
more general interest is the piper on Fontano's novel, " Bffl
Briest," wliich the critic discusses from the point of view of the
problems of elective affinity. "Epic Poetry and Goethe," tho
title of the second cha]>tor, is mado the opportunity of a sum-
mary review of a wide field of literature : —
" I must and will say, in despite of tlie favour which wo in
Germany extend to foreign prtduction.s, that tho Gormaa
romance and tho German novel arc not only not inferior to tho
compositions of epic art abroad, but are far superior. We havo
no Zola, it is true. And I willingly aiknciwledgo that ho and
tho rest of tho French, Russian, and Scandinavian niatadores.
of romance are almost always very industrious, very well-
instnictod, nuL^tly quite entertaining, and sometimes oven
brilliant writers. IJutstill lam unable to admit them to a high rank
in epical composition. Tho ' documents huniains ' which tlioy
8cmi>e together out of every nook and comer are not artisti<^
pictures, and hardly claim to l)o so. Their reward will Ikj that
they and their (Jennan worshippers and imitators will fro down
to oblivion when once the fashion has changed and tho interest
in the material has abated. Our Gustav Freytag and Gottfried
KoWr, Paul Hiyso and Theodor Storm do not only lie nearer t<v
my heart ; but! admire them at tho same time as the far greater
artists who dutifully bow to the W.i tiipremn fvrnur" (p. 8&).
It is characteristic of Hpiclhagen's sanity that ho apologizoa
in a foot-note for tho sweeping statement in the text. It is
unfair, he writes, to tar with ono brush a master liko Maupas-
sant and a dilrltanU like the author of " Trilby."
Tho second division of tho book, which is considerably
shorter, consists of tho contributions to tho art and theory of
drama. Tho dramatic profession in all its branches, whether of
acting or of writing, plays far more conspicuons part in
Germany than in England. Tho overagi^ ooi'ioty man in IJerlin
betrays in his small-talk a very i)oor opinion of tho English
stage. At home, on the other hand, he seldom visits a theatre
of any standing without having previously rca<l the piece whii^h ho
is going to see. He discusses it afterwards by tho help of
October 30, 18U7.]
LITERATURE.
47
Ai'ibtotlu and I.tiNsiM)^, niid rufroHhus his muinory, bvfora jMuutng
judgmunt, by rcmling thu liook iguin. It i« thin douliU viow of
dramatic work, aH litoraturo and upvctivclii, which makcii tho
theatre bo prominciit a oiviliKiiig (actor in Gc - -'Innal Ufa.
No surprinu tlion will Ihi fult when a critic oi 'n'a omi-
nunco dovutes IW pages to u niinuto app! wiral
and ruBpoctivu moiitH of Hartlubcn, Hul ttin,
And Sudurinann. AVu (^atlier from his rot :
ho looks on thoCiormnn drama as still in n i:
holds fast to many <>f tho principlos of thu c
to tho famous " unities " thi'msclvus, then at i
conviction that, '' turn and twist it as you will, a tlruina is anil
romuius tho production of an action by moans of ropruauntatiun.
. . . This action must bo, in tho strictest sense, oompleto.
That is to say, it must start from a definite beginning; and work
tip to a definite end, In onlor to do this, it muit havo an
agent, a dofinito man beforo our eyes, who is involvod iu tho
turmoil of the world and trios to fight his way out of its compli-
cations, or — as in a tragedy — who is overcome in tho strug>,'lo.
Such a man, as tho doer of tho action and tho puarant'.'o of it«
singlenosH, wo cull tho hero of tho drama." A play without a
hero, adds tho writer, a "Hamlet" without tho l"riuco of Denmark,
is" no drama, but only a series of dramatic scones, so many
variations — rising in intensity if you will, but at bottom
nothing but variations — of ono and the same tliumo " (p. 250).
Starting from this principle, Spielhagen docs not take tho
young lions of literary Germany quite so seriously as Ho finds
them. Some ho proves out of their own mouths to bo roaring as
gently as any sucking-dove. Others ho is inclined to regard as
tho victims of their followers and cliques. How true, for
instance, is tho final judgment between tho claims of Sudor-
inann and Hanptmann : —
" The adherents of a rigid realism recognize in Hauptmann
« master-mind, while for Sudermann they have not a good word
to say. The adherents of tho older school shudder at Haupt-
mann's name, but would gladly count Sudurmann on their
aide, if ho only did not now and tlion go so far on tho realistic road
which they abhor. Tho fact is.botharuthroughand through nuxlem
men and poets. From twoditforent points on the circuniforLnco
they are making for tlie same centre. Perhaps Sudormann has
more ' world ' and versatility, Hauptmann more inwardness
and depth. l!ut such subtleties may be left to the enthusiasts
at either end. Tho wise friend of poosy will rejoice that we
possess two such men '' (p. 3oi)).
ISuch a passage as tho foregoing casts a suggestive light on
tho German's trained faculty of criticism. No ouo can have
listened to the literature-classes in a Prussian gymnasium
without admiring the thoroughness of tho teaching, and the
manner in which every comment is based upon precedent and
rule. Hut Spiolhagon's impatience at tho hair-splitting of con-
temporary critics points tho inevitable moral. Authors are
Klividi'd into categories and classes, as mutually inoomjiatiblo as
German political parties, ond literature ceases to l>e taken as a
whole or read for onjnymont alone. It may bo tho more sciontilic
way, but it has its attendant dangers for the writers as well aa
for their public.
Spielhagen's present " Contributions " aim at obviating
this risk. They are pleasantly written and well illustrated from
native and foreign sources. It may bo that some of them are
too near to tho sulijecta which they treat to successfully antici-
pate tho verdict of ixistority. In Germany, at any rate, they
ore likely to arouse considerable discussion, which is, after all,
not tho least mission of such books ; but any ono interested in
niodorn Gorman literature who enjoys tho combination of kindly
good-humotir with shrewd common-sense may safely bo com-
mended to Spielhagen's pages.
America and the Americans. Prom a Kivnch Ptiint
of View. Post 8vo., IIKJ pp. London, 1S!)7.
William Heinemann, 3,6
It is always interesting to know whether oflTection is
rcciprcwated, and tho well-known lovo of tho American for
Paris makes us naturally curious to rood a Frenchman's
impressions of the United States. H. Paid Bourget's book,
•• Outre Mur," haa bo«n nmi and mijojtmI bjr a host of
Englisbmou, and now an annnvi»<,i>a Kr..., ,.1,0,^,1 im^ written
a b«M)k on the aamo an 1 perliapa, (ram
qait* tita same point of vun. >■■■• rMsioua, i«i<i %n
Ainarican lady to Uui writer of " .s 1 tba â–²aariauw,"
" iMDi ! ' ' on filtered through u i ..rk
ftltor k viera printMi ; oiid. y< ,^^
lU t
•iva
I of
t ia
acute •'
admirab.:., .. url:iv 1.. _,„
which aervo 1 xh
it contains, in*- iiui.ii"t »iit" ^ u^ ^ i-*,!-; < i .x'l'.t-i nui.'i ami ft
lovor of Democracy — in fact, a« a Hopublican of Itopnblicaaa ;
' . from leeing . '
1 kavii failan!
iueut ,>t mUwIi
mi-t:tnb|r tlmrt-
c£
ti-
tutos, and what derogates frmii, true I..1I in
thu States of the Union. " Thu theory < : hty
of every man," ho writes, " is a good tJ. 'it
said in its favour, done away with a c
lower to tho up(wr clasaea ; but, in prati
good manners ond olx-'iK i o-
raent of New York, < io
tho hands of uni t and it.. >."
Dut wo have not qii'>to : ,jar
author's very in; cs and
manners. Wo mu , .:' thu
witty aphorisms whioli k.
" The best society of I.... .,.,^u or
so ; the best society heru is ...
Society, to bo jivrmani : ' ' ' up of idl«
profeasionals, not of only indi-
vidi; • T
we: ot
malu) cuJeu, »u Uuit ti
dtusa salad, henco t:o I
an ill-ri
bonk, c
u-h are
. ., ~~:.. ..— ^ -ad in tlio I . ~.
J fAlSIl
obtaii-t^l tho
r'H, by I
.1 second
' D Lady
of tho .
Jehuda Halcvi, Hcinricb Heine, Manassch
Moses ^lendelssohn are among those wboae li\
...ir,
cbitf
r race.
I, and
..oracter*
ore sketched both lightly and brightly. A leas known, yet even
more interesting, personality is dealt with under the title of
" Tho Story of a False Prophet," which gives an account ci the
mrt or of a remarkable Eastt: ' ^ '' irthcentuiy,
Sal >i, who claimed to bo t i?d McMiah,
and .. . .. [ '.-■•i ihu Luvoat Jews. Uo
ultia ..t iy i! .0 his c»r«>r amusingly
enough as door po eutliuaiasm
with which his ol.i -^'Stimony to
tho fund of mysticism '0 generally
credited with exclusive . — - - --- - : teresta. The
recent Science Congress at Basle proved that this mystical strain
in the Jewish nature is by no means wanting among them crcn
at the present day. This rradable little volume might alao be
cited as an instance of the same t ' ' 'y Magnus 'a
enthusiasm for her cree<l and race «'; r throughoat
its pages. Like all Mr. Nutt's pabli .: is well got op,
but in the copy torwiin.leil to us thu . oe referred to in
tho preface faila to appear.
48
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
Hmono ni\i Boohs.
—
HISTORY AS IT IS WRITTEN.
1« it cynical to he amused by the innocent absurdities
of !i» ? Nothing, to my mind, can be more
an. ^. .u the way of literature, than to read, side by
side, the works of two historical writers w ho deal with the
aar- !!t, with the same authori-
tir. .... . ... t. I have lately read, in
pare indolence, the chapters on Mary Stuart and Eliza-
beth Tudor, by Mr. V '.'ul Mr. Patrick Frnser Tytler.
Mr. T\tler was no .>i i. He thought that ALiry had
a goilty knowledge of her husband's murder, but as to
hem much Mary knew he was uncertain. The Regent
Momy he rcgard^-d as a great, and, on the whole, as a
good man, with a dash of the PccksniflF. ilr. Froude had
no d<" • Mary was deep in her lord's murder;
Murraj :red as the liayanl of early Protestantism.
As to Elizabeth, Mr. Froude had few illusions. His
opinion about her guilty knowletlge of Amy Robsart's
murder is rather like .Mr. Tytlcr's opinion about Clary's
guilty knowledge of Damley's murder, though not so
frankly expressed.
There does not seem to be a very wide difference
between the ideas of these two historians, but, when we
compare their works, we are entertained and edified by
what they each leave out by their unconscious supprea-
aionea vrri. I would not accuse either gentleman of being
CO- iilike ; nevertheless each omits
e.x.. J iiich the other lays stress. This,
of ooorse, is futile. The facts are accessible, many of them
are already printed, moreover one author is sure to tell
what the other may be trusted to leave untold. Yet they
cannot be trusted to be quite candid. Thus, to give a few
examples, there was the return of the forfeited Earl of
lA^nuox to .Scotland, in 13G4. Mr. Froude admits that
Elizabeth had " supported his petitions " for restoration to
his lands. In fact ?!lizalM'th had warmly urged it. But,
aa loon as Mary h.-.d granted Elizabeth's desire, that lady
changed her mind. )Ir. Tytler has several images on this
•abject : ites the replies of Mary's ministers as to
EUzalx istence on I>ennox's jiardon, as to Eliza-
beth's care to have evidence of her fickle beha\'iour de-
istroyed. Mr. Froude omits all that ; he merely sa^-s that
a variety of j)retext8 were invented for delay or refusal.
Melville was now sent by Mary to England, and both
oiii I • ,.p^ from Elizalx'th to C<-cil, in
wii ^ - tnits that she is entirely un-
able to find a reply to her Scottish sister. " Invenias
igitur ali'ji: I^lis Randall dare
IMMsim." i i ;' 'I historian has to
tnuulat« an easy piece of Latin. Let us see how they
doit, tf T" • ■■• • ' ". 'il ; Iwth historians
give.pr. ) j>t that, if -Mr. Tytler
quotes correctly, then Mr. Froude loyally amends her
^lajesty't spelling and grammar. So I offer Mr. FVoude's
text.
In ejasmodi labyrintho posita sum de response raeo
reddendo ad Reginam Scotiae [Tytler, for " labyrinto,"
"laberintho,"for"ad Reginam," " R. (Reginae) Scotiae"],
at nescio quomotlo illi satisfaciani, <]uum neiiue toto isto
tempore illi ullum resjwnsum dederim, nee tpiid mihi
dicendum nunc sciam. Invenias igitur aliquid Iwni quod
in mandatis scriptis Randall dare po8.sini [possem, in
Tytler], et in hac causa tuani oiuuionem mihi indica."
Even as to Cecil's endorsement of this scrap our authors
differ. Mr. Froude has •• endorswl in Cecil's hand ' The
Queen's Majesty's wTiting, lx»ing sick, September 23.' "
^Ir. Tytler has '' Thus back<>d by Cecil, 23rd Sept.,
1564. At St. James's The Queen writing to me being
sick." Who was sick ? The Queen, in Mr. Froude'i*.
opinion ; Cecil, in Mr. Toiler's view. " Elizabeth was
harassed into illness " (Froude) ; " Cecil was then confined
to his chamber by sickness " (Tytler). Which author
could not copy an endorsement w ithout omissions, or addi-
tions, and blunders ?
Now let us compare the translations of this short and
simple epistle : —
TvTLEtt's Tbanslatiox. Fbovdb's Tbanslation.
" I am involved in such a "I am in such a labyrinth
labyrinth, regarding the reply about tlio Queen of Scots (no-
to the letter of thu Queen of reference to hor letter), Uiat
Scots, that I know not how I what to say to her or how to
can satisfy her, having delayed satisfy hor 1 know not. I have
all this time sending her an loft her letter to mo all this
answer, and now really being time unanswere<1, nor can I
at a loss what I must say. tell what to answer now.
Find mc out some good exciiw, Invent lomcthiny kind for ttif^
which I may plead in the which I can enter in Randolph's
despatches, t.) bo given to commission, and give me your
Randolph, and let mo know opinion about the matter
your opinion in tliis matter." itself."
Now, does invenias aliquid honi mean " Invent
something kind," or " Find out some good excuse " ? It
cannot well mean both, and the difference is iuqwrtant.
A little later both historians describe the situation
when Elizjibeth made Lord Robert Dudley an EarK
Mr. Froude (whose ignorance of human nature one
admiringly envies) holds that Elizabeth was honest ia
wishing to give Leicester up to Mary. Mr. Tytler is
strongly of the opjwsite opinion. Well, the authority of
both historians here is Sir James Melville, Mary's envoy.
Mr. Tytler, naturally, one m ly say inevitably, cites the
famous j)assage, " The Queen could not refrain from
putting her hand in his" (I^icester's) " neck to kittle-
him, smilingly, the French .\ndias.>iador and I standing
by." ^Ir. Froude does not cite this jiassage. Yet one
woman does not usually cede to another an admirer whom
slie cannot refrain from tickling in jmblic. Mr. Froude
doubts .MelvilU''s general veracity, but quotes liim just
where he is not quoted by Mr. Tytler.
One might go on (|Uoting these parallels, but I
confine m^-self to one case, which seems very egrepous.
After the Rebellion in the North (1569), when mass was
celebrated once more in the desecrated Cathedral of
Durham, Northumberland fled across the Border, and
was sold to Murray by Hector Armstrong, of Harlaw.
This was the one crime which Borderers could not pardon.
Murray, then, according to Mr. Tytler, }>ro]>osed to
exchange the betrayed Northuml»erland for Mary, his
October 30, 1897.]
LITKKATl KE.
4ft
sister, n cnptivo in England. What he meant to do with
Mary, " Tis bettor only ^jixcxfiing." At all events, lio
proinisod that hIui " Hhould live lier natural life." lliiti
proi^isul to sell Northutnlx-rland to his death, in exchange
for Mary, Mr. Tytlcr cites fn)m " l'<)|)y of the Instni-
mont," endorsed with names of certain Scotch nobles,
allies of Murray's, in Cecil's hand. Knox, at the same
date, sent a letter bidding t'ecil " utriki'. at the root " —
Mary. Mr. Tytler also cites Murray's instructions to his
envoy, and his demand for Mary's person, from a note
" wholly in fecil's hand," and ad<ls that I^'sley, Bishop of
Ross, detected a proi)osition " eipiivalent to higning
Mary's death warrant." Then Murray was shot by Both-
wellliaugli, and the arrangement fell through.
Well, Mr. Froude (juotes much from Murniy's instruc-
tions, as Mr. Tytler does, but about the pro|x>scd sur-
rend«T of Northumberland in exchange for Mary Mr.
Froude does not say one single word (chapter 33, 1370),
nor a word alwut the Bisho]) of Koss's remonstrance, any
more tlian Mr. Tytler dwells on the said Bishop's allegcfl
confessions that ^lary jwisoned her first husband, and so
forth. When we come to these episcoiwil revelations, it
is Air. Tytler's turn to leave things out. To be sure, the
learned Bishop confessed rather too much, like Topsy.
Why should Mary, when Queen of France, make herself a
premature Dowager by iwisoning her husband, the King?
It woiUd be worth while to make a tabular statement
of all Mary's iniquities, from the days when she was her
uncle's mistress till she poisoned her first husband, blew
up her second, and tried to poison her little boy with an
apple. A greyhound shared the apple with lier pups,
and they all expired incontinently. Greyhounds are
notoriously fond of apples, ami apt to share an apple with
their whelps, while apples are easy things to poison. On
the other hand, a mere glance through Mr. Tytler's jiages
supi)li(>s a long list of Murray's treacheries ; " He betrays
Mary's intentions," " Treachery of the Ix)rd James," •• Con-
spinicy of Murray and Argyll," " Art and part in Biccio's
murder,"and so forth, till he plunders his sister's diamonds,
and tries to get hold of her by betraying Northumber-
land.
Thus is history written, till one despairs, if not of
history, at least of historians. There is a pleasing edition
of Burnet, with the notes of Swift and other contem-
poraries. An edition of Mr. Froude, cum notis vnnonim,
with the errors corrected and the omissions supplied,
would also be a valuable work, and much more humorous
than I'/ie Comic History of England.
ANDREW LANG.
FICTION.
The Martian. By O. Du Maiirier.
London, 1807.
("r. Svo. 401 pp.
Harpers. 6/-
Tlie dsatli of the late Mr. Du 5Iauncr at tho full height —
Olio can hardly say, alas ! in tho full enjoyment — of one of the
most nstonisliiiig literary triumph.s over achiove<l was in itself a
Buftioiontly (lathotic example of tho irony of fate. To roa<l " The
Martian " tho novel just completed by him before the close of his
Uf* is to fe*l ths *' pity of it " even mot* >n svrr. For,
stnii({e M it may sovia to t«lk of tho iii.i'..ni..-. (irontse and
uneortaiti position of a writer obo <l)*tl in his (Unl y«ar, it
MIS that : '•t |KMMMtng Mtjrtbinx liks
markml v u( mlixl and siaguUr gift
liux over 1 1 ■<■•• ; nor Las any
■. ever «!• • ' ' l''n;;«r lif» to
enable him to ihow what 'K*
limit of hi.i |>owers. On i ad
already reaoho<l maturity— inde«<l, '■■'Sl. sod
incomparably hi* bu»t, book to ! nod it.
Thackeray was obviously his master (pim th' ;^ ; and
* tiatcly, with tho one least i^ ■•■k of
iir ritiit imitabilt — his too r in-
to t!,o '• had certainly en . ..i tho
ohsrtn. II, of lii« nittlook of hia
all '">,
it u I »
di:' od
hiiii , '>lr.
Dn Maurier's ex(|uisite feeling for the b«autiful in art
and nature— a missing or, at any rate, an undeveloped,
faculty in Thackeray's nature ; in a certain genuine, if limited,
vem of poetry in his tcni[ eramotit ; ..- ' • ' M. {^erbape, in
that occasional note of profound ro' is so myste-
riounly attractive, even to tho I: ' <'n,
OS in this ca*o, it is qait« o)<. I a
human spirit, aii<l not a mer- p*
of art. This, it mny lio •..«
little room for ii. isu ; ami, indeed, u
technical aide, as : . .ii Ldmittcd, ti.ete «
Du Maurier had already approved himself a writer of singular
force and fascination within tie limits of bis rani^; but there w«a
abundant room for curiosity aa to what those limits wore. Un»
oould not help wondering whether the srv* - - list's remark-
able faculty of satiric observation and )>- . his delight-
ful turn for nai: .* tendemesa
were to display t ', and among
more varied !â–
It is di.-» . I<-are« thai
question un. Alike m '■> —
nay, it is a ruplica of o«i,
though by far his least |iopular, work. If it was necessary for
him t« repeat himself— and no doubt the -•■• '•■' •"''' "' •■' this
novel has followed in the wake of the gre.i' no
alternative — it i.*, at ony rate, ir *' - • - he
preferreil to draw from tho liotter, ' •■d,
of bis two models. " The Martimi il"is n^t a: .; *
second " Trilby " ; it is another " Fetor Ibbetson,' ler
Ibbotson," as the reader wh<> d( os not wait for a mw author
to become the rage before rendin-r him will remember, was
a distinctly powerful and fa- novel. lt.'» " ground-
idea," indeed— the idea of an - a nightly dream-life,
continuous in itself and wholly distinct from his waking exist-
ence—was, like ovcrything else under the stip "■'• 'ow ; but
there was novelty in the notion of such a life ) ''• <i tUtix,
and in Mr. Du Maurier's treatment of the li; .is of hia
hero and heroine there was, what is much niort> -.r..]- :tant than
novelty, extraordinary poetic charm. Bartv .1^-. li , tir lien>
of this later romance, has, like Peter It. < : u. i..-^ spiitiial
Egcria : but his relations with her are far leaa human,
and humanly intelligible, than those of the life-long prisoner
with the pl.iymate of bis childhood, the beautiful Duchesa of
Towers, and the charaeters themselves appeal much less power-
fully to a reader's sympathies. This is true oven of the wonder-
ful Barty himself, who is that most ticklish of subjects for tite
novelist to handle, an Admirable Crichton ; while Martia herself,
the discmlKKlicd spirit-visitant from the planet Mars, who pre-
sides over the hero's fortunea and orcanizes, or, indeed, r«tber
wins for him his brilliant i.' •<, is not only " some-
thing of a sluulowy beiug " 1. ,kich " Old Mr. Eilward
Cave " described to Johnson, but is wanting even in that unity
50
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
•nd connatMMij <<° - oator n{ ahndows ii not
loas hnt TiK>r(> im; , .Uiii in Uwm than in
hi- '^-ab mhI biooil. Wo do not make her acquaint-
ati' -n the Tulane, when abo takoa up hor abode in
the brain of Itnrty at an vxtraniely critical moniont in hia life,— at
a moment in fact, when, in terror of an imi'vending losa of eyo-
aigbt, he waa on the {Hunt of ending that lifu with hia own hand.
Inataad, howerer, of taking the poiaon which ho had prepared
for hlmrtlf. ho falla into a deep sloop, from which he
wakM the naxt morning to find on the tnblu bufore him
a paper wri t tMt under Martis's infl«pnp<> in n shorthand of his
o» I n dnrin' Muanoss, and con-
iai: vrolcome r ;ist was mistaken
in : 'sia, and that the feara which had so nearly diiv-Mi
Bai^;.. ;^ .>...^ide might bo diamiasod. Fr<>m this time forward,
r^nlarly or intermittently, Martia directs his intellectual
opantiona daring sloop. It was she who furnished him under
tksM eooditiona with the matoriala of " Sardonyx " and those
ath> t.il worka which hare made liim as famous on the
C<':. .in England, having, indeed, l>oon translated into
«fvtf European language. Martia's supernatural or super-
nnndane wisiiom ajiiyyors, however, to be wholly of the abstract
I speculatiTe, and not ot the practical kind : and her power
' imr pntUgi is similarly confined, for though she can compel
him to write as she dictates, she is unable to make him act as she
advises. Thus, though she urgently insists on his marrying the
tall, blonde, and lH<autiful Julia Royce, with a view to re-incar-
natiltg heraelf in their otTspring— which secras tu show that they
look ahnad in Mar.<>— ho flatly refuses, and ends by marrying the
•Imoat equally beautiful but somewhat shorter brunette Leah
Oibaon. \\'hat is still more remarkable, Martia afterwards
•dmita that she was wrong in her choice and ISarty right : an
adnuMton which, however valuable as an exami)lo to the women
of h«r adopted planet, does not tend to render her a more
diatinet and impressive figure. Ultimately she re-incarnates
herself in Barty'f youngest daughter, who dies, unfortunately,
At an early ago.
The extreme difficulty of the task which Mr. Du Ma\u-ier
attempted in and( - ' ' to imparteren the credibility of dream-
land to this atr'.' personages ia obvious ; nnr can wo
bonaetly : mounted it. Still. " The Martian "
ia not w . ill t tie more leisure for the work of solcc-
tionand oonstruction would have enabled tho author to possess
himaelf with a fresher and more human theme, to escai>e from
that atmosphere of the occult which had a little too insistent an
attraction for him, and to work himself free from those per-
petual apaoalationa on tho " future of the race," which are
OMwlly most depressing when they are meant to be most inspir-
ing, and with which duller and more didactic writers than
Mr. Dn Haorier have alrcatly bored us almost to extinction, it
oamint. en the other hand, bo said that the lack of novelty in
his laa in any way affected tho freshness of his treat-
aei. . tooched with any symptoms of languor the bright
Ttvaeitj of his stylo. Even tho story of liarty Josselin's school
daya, andaly prolonged and unfortunately reminiscent of tho
aiimirably^depicted boyhood of Mr. Du Maurier's earlier hero
though it be, can be road without a moment's weariness ; and
tbon^ Barty himself— Barty tho light-hearted, the frivolous, the
ninealoualjr handaone, the practical joker, comic singer, and
] young Ouardaman, from whoae hauntecl brain a whole
I of epoch-making novels begins suddenly to stream forth—
ia bat an imperfect sticjMs, the ehar!»rt«>rs t^y whom he is sur-
ronoded.froni the ewer* rolino(frey,down
Uin>mbthe worthy Phi no is the supposed
biographer of the hero, V> the low-come<ly bourgeois Mr. Uibson,
rawal the lamented author in unimpaired mastery of his satiric
and â– ympetbetir touch. And the personal note, so clearly
audible in both the two earlier novels, ia never unheard for more
than a few pages together in thia laat. Here, as there, it jars
oeoaciaaally upon the ear of taate : ii: ' onccs to himself,
bjr aUDe or almoet equally clear indr .n most charming
of CMuanir* never quite knew " what to Umvu in the ink bottle ";
and here, too, as there, the solf-<]isc1osure reveals weaknesses, to
some of whiuh indeed ho was humorously alive, but not to all. No
one, however, would wish those revelations away. A Du Maurier
without his frankly avowed " lo\e for beautiful giantesses " and
hia extravagant idolatry of phyaical beauty in general ; without
his comical remorse at not having resisted, like JSIr. (iilbert's
hero, the temptation to belong to more nations than one, and his
queer little gilios in consequence at the nationality which he
obviously prefers ; without his manner, so like that of Thackeray,
towards aristocracy — now contemptuous, now admiring, but never
quite " correct " — a Du Maurier, wo say, without these little
foibles, which really added to the human interest of a brilliantly-
endowed personality, would not have been the Du Maurier whom
uU who knew him loved, and who by his writings alone has won
his way to many thousands of other hearts.
The Invisible Man. «y H.
245 pp. London, ISffi.
Q. Wella. CV. Svo..
C. Arthur Pearson.
Tho notion of an invisible man is too full- of possibilities to
have escaped either tho philosopher or tho wTiter of rouianco. It
is OS old as the Greek mythus, and as mo<1emastho ISab liallads.
The fortunate possessor of tho miraculous gift is generally «up-
posed to clothe himself with invisibility as with a garment which
he can take on or off at will, and becomes a kind of spirit, able
to satisfy his desires for good or evil independently of almost
all the restrictions which hamper ordinary mon. Some inodiflca-
tions of this concejition were introduced by (iuy do Mau]iassant
and by an English writer, Mr. Fitr.james O'Brien, But Mr.
Wells's peculiar gift is to reduce tho impossiblo into terms of tho
probable. His hero, Griffin, employs no ring of Oyges or " receipt
of fem-soed." Ho is simply a medical stucient, of University
College, engaged in a series of chemical oxporimonts on light, but
with a magnificent vision of all that an invisible man might
achieve. A. string of statements about optical density — " a net-
work of riddles ''—about the tissue of the human frame, and the
result of " lowering its refractive index," with a reference to
the Rontgon Hays and other still more mysterious vibrations,
throws a scientific glamour over the exj)erimonts, and one is
really almost persuaded that one's own ignoranoo of the true
meaning of scientific furmulaj alouo prevents a full apprehension
of tho process by which Griffin is able to send forth into tho
neighbourhood of Great Portland Street an invisible cat and at
last to fade away himself out of human sight. A doubt might
suggest itself to tho carious whether by further manipulation of
tho refractive index GrifHn ought not to liave beon able at
once to bring himself back again without having to retire to a
remote village in Sussex with bottles and dynamos to find out
how to do so, ami ho certainly dismisses without duo considera-
tion the plan of making himself visible again by painting his
face in its natural colours instead of veiling tho poverty of his
appearance by means of bandages and a false nose. For ho soon
discovers that tho change he has undergone is subject to certain
fatal limitations. Griffin himself has dit>appcarbd,but his clothes
remain, ond no scientific process can conceal tho snow which falls
on his shoulders, the mud which clings to his feet, or tho money
in his hand whicli ho takes out of other people's cash Ik)X0S. He
cannot even rest his eyes, for his eyelids are transparent, and tho
least involuntary noise betrays him.
" ' An invisible man,' he saj-a, ' is a man of power.' He
stopped for a moment to sneczo violently."
Like Horace's philosopher he ia " rex deniciue rogum,
rrwcipuo sanus, nisi cum pituita molostacst." Truly on original
situation, and well adapted for tho ilisjilay of Mr. Wells's
|>eculiar talent for "planking down" tho miraculous among
circumstances the most ordinary and familiar, divesting it
of ei'ery shretl of romance and pursuing it through every
detail with merciless logic. He is in far more deadly
earnest tliau Jules Verne, who is ijuito nwaro that you are taking
his gonial " yarns " with a grain of ^alt. The dtscription of
what would actually come to paas if an invisible man were known
October 30, 189 7. J
LITERATURE.
to 1)0 nt largo in a, Siibhox villogo ' ^
Thore iB no (ppixrrtiiiiity K'vxn f^r tt»r.
who comoH itcroHH thm ourio !>lionomuii(>n wixilil iimtoubtmlly harv
â– aid and dono juHt what Mr. Wulla inakon thorn iiny and do- Iho
parsnn, tho doctor, and tho landlady ; or the tramp who come*
across tho invisible wanderer on a bare Husaex down, ami can
only give up the enigma when he has stones thrown at him.
" It's a fair do," said Mr. Thomas >rnrvol, sittn
hit) wounded too in hand, anit fixing hiscyu on tho i
" I don't iindorstiind. Stones Hinging thninsolros. M"ni's tiilli-
ing. Put yourself down. Itot away. I'm done."
Kvon tho prosaic acceptiinco of tho situation by JafTors tho
constable who has to arrest a moving suit of clothes, " 'Ed or
no 'od," soenis perfectly natural.
" No doubt," he says, "you oro :i l>it. ilifn.Milt t,. i,i tli!.<
light, but 1 got a warrant an(f it.-) :>
aint no inviHibility, its burglary. '1
into and money took."
Kqually good as a study in grotesque is tho picture of tho
invisible man taking off his clothes and <>f the antics playoil by
the furniture when ho gets violent with his landlady.
" Tho strangers hat hoi>pe<l off tho bod post, described a whirl-
ing flight in tho air through the bettor part of a circle, and then
dashed straight at Mrn. Hall's face. Then as swiftly c-aino the
sponge from tho washstand, and then tho chair, flinging tho
stranger's coat and trousers carelessly aside and lauiihin^ drily
in a voice singularly like tho stranger's, turned itself up with its
four logs at Mrs. Hall, seemed to take aim at hor for a moment
ond charged at hor. ' '
This is nothing less than an epitome of all tliat philosophers
have told us about nature ijorsonifieation, and an intelligent force
behind visible phenomena. But philosophising is tho hvst thing for
which Mr. Wells has a mind. He revels in tho various humours
suggested by his conception, and wo are carried on with abund-
ance of graphic detail and lively farce tbroagh the first part of
the history in which tho diaphanous UriOin is still undiscovered
to tho revelation of his mysterious secret, bis declaration of hos-
tility against tlio huumn race in general, and his tragic end. The
pity is that wo cannot keep tho grotesque and got rid of the
gruesome. Mr. Wells has little patience with tho onlinary
human feelings. If his uncompromising fidelity to truth leads
him to shock them, he <loes so without a qualm. All the clo-
montary emotions which supply the material of poets and
novelists ho is apt to reganl with cynical indiirerence. His
fiction would lose nothing in its humorous quality by a little
sympathy for tho weaknesses and passions of his fellowmen, and
it would certainly bo more convincing. The one fault in this
book which mars its extraordinary verisimilitude is tho undi-
luted scoundrelism of Grillin. Ho approaches so near to tho
fiend that, with the addition of tho domoniacvl quality of invisi-
bility, ho almost suggests an evil gonius from tlie Arabian nights.
Such an impression is certainly not contemplated by the author,
but it saves tho reader from being too much hnrrowo<l by
Griiiin's very unplens.ant adventures and his violent death. Most
of the book, however, is pure comeily of tho rollicking order, and
it would certainly be diflicult to find in tho literature of comedy
so remarkable a study in the eccentric and bizarre.
iuc n«iii(«
The Tormentor. By Benjamin Swift. Cloth, cr. Rvo.,
pp. 2S8. Loudon, 1S07. Fisher Unwin. 6 -
Tho hero, or rather tho central tigtire, of this book, tho
" tormentor " from whom it takes its name, is a very notable
villain called Jacob Bristol, and in regard to him Mr. Swift's
early afmlogia must be quoted, for it seems to indicate the
province which tho author has marked out for himself in
literature : —
That my task is pleasant I shall not say, but that it is iini>ortant
I shall say with emphasis, tor the l.io:^tRi'hy of a man like Pri'tn! i» s<
really, though |H-rhaps not so ilir.' i-^g a< th.> I
saint. It lets you see by contrast " A the saint
the world scejiis to be Bnallv intori.-io., i much iu at. .
in its own conduct. And the streoins of evil and of good-thoM two
.«• of taouMlfvb I
aad of MiaU.
H*ra may 1k'
Otli-
pi.
Mt
thai
romanoea. Mr. Swift
triok of itylu, a moru
not4Ml our author's
. whom ha I .
Mr. iio-'f'/
itntial difforWK* froB
^ •troBg mm-
v«r fnnkljr
inw, only »
deeper than tliat. Tliore is, howorer, anolh<-r maat«r whom Mr.
Rwift would do well to study. Nothing i« in its way finnr in
litoraturo than lialtac's treatment of tho abnormal, and from
it t' "f " The Tormentor " might draw valusbia lewons
n{ and lucidity. It socma worth while to give this
el thot M .>w«r of
. tlio coir "ughbe
!»• yet tu ac(|Uiru the art <4 > .la uiMwiitial and
of |>rea«nting it with clean:!':. 1 of tho average
cultivated reader.
It ia not a little curioiu to find that the Tormentor himanlf
is perhaps tho least succossfal character in tho book. In thv
tangled web of mingled motiro, intrij-'! ' -rime which, like »
groat spider, he spins round him, thr ly find a certain
intoreat : but tho spider himaulf is unc'iivmring
web of which we have spoken, easy U> follow a*
coeds yf
minor i'
Tlie tangled
the st»>ry firo»
i
are
I; ..
Of
fo
an' the
01 _ lot
in tho book. He is lovablo r tor tho
l>ottlo, open-handed to such a d- , lally in
money difhcultics, which are • with some hnmoor,
and, in short, anj-thing bnt tl.t- <• ,■.. .»! aristocrat of fiction.
Lord Sother goes out in a terrible storm on the bloak and dcao-
late hills to help tho shopher ' * â– ' snow-bound
flocks. Ho comes home with a -n his back,
which ho orders to he entertained : kitchwi, and
then takes to hi^ t>ed with a quinsy, >
Th> • charoctcrs aro faii
three \"'. •, Jessie Ring, F.i
Whipjwr, whom some writers would !
insipid m<Klel, aro distinctly drawn, ,
tion and real feeling. Not less goo.1 in their way
criminal Mis* Tilking, Mrs. Ring's •■I' - - ^^â–
and tho busybody Mrs. Crippon. Of •
is an attractivu picture of a raw, ha
into sfimcthing like heroism by hoi:
we have a subtle study of remorse acting u^j 'n .v mimt
senile.
It should lie said, by the w.-
aspects of life, tho book is s
author, however, it must bo adin the Ter^ • in
which the meat is strongest . :i with o .ide
restraint. On tho other hand, there arc just one or two place*
where the author, as it seems to us quite nocl''«'''>- '^iil-fs hia
characters overstep in thoir speech tlie boir ''D.
Tho too' '•'-=! of the Peerage often prove a suoMiiiii;:.-vMock
to youi . and Mr. Swift lias not escapoti ono pitfall. He
gives Lind soilior an unmarriol sistor, wh'> is altcnmtely
reforro<l to as " Ln-ly Emriia " nncl " l.ndy S.^tln'r." Of c-'ursc.
no peer's unmr.r: ^efixes ;
and. the rank of t u as that
of Baron, his unmarried sister would be entitlc<i to neither.
1. Tho
Maud
•ne
ra-
the
hel,
«rr*
;>od
^ter
Another's Burden. By James Payn.
London, 1H07.
TjxSjin.. 17Bp|».
Downey. 3,«
Mr. James Payn is a veteran in •
of novelists ; indeed, we h.vl almost •
"OldGuanl." Fashions change and scltuols o; fiitiun lijc
52
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
and flourish tor a iima, and tlien paM awajr ; but though mon
wtmj como ami men may go, the antht^r ol " Lost Sir Mawing-
bard " go«« on delighting the worhi with his stories, and aftvr
Mading his l«t«st novel, '• Another's Burdon," we could wish
tiiat, like the brook, ho might go on (or ever. In thit book he
talis Uio »t>ry o( s Isjwe from virtue and of its crnsoquenees.
Tn» penalty is o^ " " i'l upun the fni'lty : the bunion
ia borne and the ^. ly an innocent man.
ni* honour roottsi in >!i«bonour ctood,
AdJ (sith nnfsitbfat krpt bim faUcty Into.
The anthor has p1*i»d the familiar lines from Tonayson's
«>21aine"t: ' '' they aro true of
his hero, L*k >'t son»e from that
in which they are appiiod by the jioot tu isir Idxncelot.
RicbanI, L<nl Ijirkspur, or, to give him his schoollniy nick-
name, D«re-<bvil Dick, i» the only son of the Earl of Philomel, I
a di.ssolnto on.l wortlilojs nobleman who bronks his wife's heart |
and negli-cts his chiM. .^t a tender ago the latter is left in the ]
carv> of Mrs. Ciivo, tlie wife of the village rector, who loves him i
almost as she loves her own son Harry. Lurkspnr is nearly four
year* older than Harrj-, but, in spite of the disparity in their
jrears, the boys are the closest friends. They are oxtroinoly
unlike in character, for Dick is clever, idle, pood-naturo<l, full
of mischief— indeed, from the point of view of the autlioritios of
his school, he is a very bad boy. Harry, on the contrary, is
gentle, and modest, and shy.
Hi* fair eompUxioa and blue eyes were almost eiTeminste in their
ezprsMioa, snd mtm Lin hair wa.<i blown back by tbi> vim) bi.i countenanc<>
imiubled one of tboiu* angel face« which are rnnreil on the spouta of tbo
ooUsge l>aildiii§a. Ilia acbuolfellows recognited the likeoess and called
him •• tba Gargoyle."
He, also, is an only child. His mother dotes on hira, and as
he grows up not only tbinkii that nothing is tjo good for him,
but that be is too goo<l for this world. It is given to few people
(o be wholly angolic, however, and Harry Cave, in spite of
snpeamices, is not one of tliem. He has left school and isat
bonie preparing for Oxford when ho becomes conscious of the
charms of Lucy Gordon, a young woman whom his motlior has
engaged to do some sawin;; at the Rectory. Lucy is a romorkably
pretty girl, and one summer evening Lord Larkspur, by the
merest chance, discovers her in Harry's society. Larkspur is any-
thing but a " goody-goo<1y " young man. In fact, his wild courses
at Oxford have only just been condoned at the Rectory ; but ho
is a msn of the world, and ho feels it to bu his duty to take his
yi. i-rely to task. The latter earnestly assures him
til.. .'>nB are without foundation, and the subject is
dropped. Soon afterwards, however, Lucy is ohli^^ed to leave
the Bactory in disgrace. Harry's share in her fault is not yet
diaeoTored, but the lad's sin has found him out ; his conpcience
gires him no peace. Ho is tortured beyond endurance by the
knowledge of the certain disgrace and humiliation which will
follow to his father and mother from his misconduct. He con-
feeeea to Richard when they ir.eot on the morning of a shooting
' 1y afterwards shoots himself. It is at this point
iir takes up his friend's burden. Hitherto no
'ipon Harry. His suicide is believed to be
•lit ; he is buried in the odour of sanctity,
iig t > the stainless memory of their son as
; ilion in their hour of grief, and rather than
their boy's goodness shattered, Larkspiu*
Ives to take the responsibility for his dead friend's sin u]xin
himself. It was a chivalrous and Quix-jtic thing to do, and Dare-
devil Dick little knew how heavy the burden would prove. It
was destined to cost him many a bitter pan;;, and to estrange
him from the woman be loved and who loved him in return.
Tb«« is no preaching or moralizing in tbo book, which is
clMr«ctcri7J>d by the fane and mature juilgment, and the
tlKirDagh knowliilge of human nature, which we are accustomed
to expect in everything that cmes from thu author's pen. It
contains many bright flashta of wit, and the cimravtors are
•kilfully drawn. The story it emphatically a g<xxl one ; non«
th* leM so, mc reorer, because it ends happily.
pMty,
that 1
theras
ITsthM-and
the one gri-i'
•ee their faith
Father and Son. Ky Arthur Paterson, Cr. 8vo..
330 pp. l.(<indon and New York, ISH7. Harpers. 6-
Mr. Arthur I'utorson hero makes an oxcurHJon into ground of
adiflferent character from that on uhioh ho has achiovod moist suc-
cess. Ho does not move among scones of stirring adventure, in
which ho has prove<l his capacity as a writer of vivid narrative ;
and the field of operations is not across the sea, but in London
and Lancashire, and is peopled, not with Rod Indians or fighting
Americans, but with the unromantic figures of a liritich murchaiit,
his friends, his family, and hiu manager. The only tasto of the
author's lighting quality is in tho first chapter, which introduces
the two leading ciiaractors of tlie story in tho great annual foot-
ball match of Hrookport v. Kuinborough. Of this match thoro
is a spirited account. It takes (ilacu in the halcyon days twenty
years ago, when, so Mr. Paterson would havo us believe, tho
field is crowded with onthusiastio spectators of tho woiking
classes who regard with innocent astonishment the otfor made
by an audacious stranger tu bet a sovereign on tho result.
Cunlilfo, tho IJreckport captain, who wins tho match for his side,
is tho " son " : tho interested visitor who is so free with his
sovereigns is tho " father." Tho latter factis not actually dis-
closed until we roach page 284 : but by tho end of tho second
chapter the reailer has not failed to identify the spoculativo
stmngor with Cunliffo's father, who had served a sciitenco of
penal servitude for destroying his grandfather's will, and had
long been supposed to bo doad. Mr. Paterson has many od-
mirable qualities as a story toller ; but in less capable hands
the interest of his story would suffer from the engaging sim-
plicity with which ho helps the reader t<i the right conclusion.
He lays all his :ards on tho table ; he keeps no surprises up bis
sleeve. There is a goed deal to bo said for this plan, provided
it does not leave tho narrative at any point dull or barren.
Skilfully managed, it renders a story well suited for serial issue,
and rea<lors of tho Weekly Edition of Thr. Timi-.i, in whicli this
novel first appeared, wliilo they would unquestionably find
enough to interest them in their periodical instalment, would
not remain for wooks on tho tenter-hooks of expectation until
the mystery enveloping some character or event were satisfac-
torily explained. Indeed, what we like about Mr. Paterson is
the busines'flikc straightforwardness of his method. He does
not encumber himself with many characters. CunlifTo and his
father ; the merchant of whoso business tho elder CunlifTo is tho
manager, under tho name of .Alexander Wilson ; his oldest
daughter, for whoso hand "father ond son " are rivals ; her
brother and two sisters ; these almost exhaust tho ilrnmnii»
ptrsorur. There are no interludes of general reflection or verbose
description ; tho characters, though distinctly individual, aro
not very subtle, and they do not indulge in any delicate refine-
ments of love-making. Tho writer sticks to his last. He has a
good plot, carefully thought out ; he keeps his narrative always
moving, and his style is sensible, lucid, and facile. As a matter
of construction, tho coincidence which loads to tho discovery of
Wilson's identity is perhaps rather crude. Uiit tho scene itself
is well described : and tho events which follow on the discovery
are capitally hanillc<l. There aro a goo<l many strong situations
in those closing chapters in which a rather intricate entangle-
ment of lovoand business, affecting tho character of Cuiiliffe tho
father, and his relations towards bis son, is unravelled with con-
siderable skill.
Maime o' the Comer. Hy M. B. Francis (Mrs. Francis
niundell). Cr. 8vo., cloth. London and New York, IS!»7.
Harpers. 6-
This story may be regarded as a little study in Poor Law ad-
ministration. Ita hero and its heroine were " children of tho
Htate," and the career of the latter offers a capital text for dis-
cussion on the a<lvaiitagos and disadvantages of " bouidiiig
out." Poor little Maime o' the Corner, known to tho guardians
as Mary Clarke, was happy enough till her foster-father dio<l,
but in real life she would, before the union had done with her,
October 30, 1897.]
LITLUATLKF
53
not havo beon loft, wo truat, to the tin(»tter«(l iU«p«mI of
)ior foKtor-mot)iur, who liaiulii ht>r ovor to Mr* Newton, •
Imrit mill well-to-do furiiiur's wifu with n I for
nnion cliiiilron. Nor, when iho gett iionr nt > )ii<r
hiisbaiiil in Livoqiool.clo wo hoar a nyllftl'li' of any a
workhougo for tho relief of II rfspwtihlo young coii|'
lint wo do not wish to critirizo tho hook in the ipirit of a
Oovcrnmont TnApoctor. Thero are unfortanatuly many cues of
gonuiiio hanUhip which slip through tho fiiiguriof tho niott tigi-
lunt pliiluntliro])ic aocictica, and thu ctory of Mainio and hor
lover Joo lioattie, n farm litd from an induRtrial school, is not
only oonvincing hut full of a (jonuiiio patlioa. Tho oonitriiction
is rathor loof-o, and the aiitlmrt'i.H allows hor mumoriox
of north pountry folk and maniiom to detain tho reoilar
with incidents, often graphic and humoroni, which have
not much to do with tho story. It ih, in fart, a viry
simple talo -Maime rojoctcd by tho faithless Will Newton
and taken over by Joo to a life of grinding jiovorty in town.
When tilings got too bad to last tho unfortunate couple do
not, wo aro glad to say, affeot tho now style and eko out tho
agony to the bittor ond by starving or throwing themsidvos into
tho rivor ; nor does Mnimc, like an old-fnshioned heroine, come
into tho fortuiio which certain hints as to her origin seemed to
onticipate. They simply iiinko their way hack through tho
snow to thoir old home, where friends are ready to take pity on
them, and join tho cl.is.i of a:;ricuUuial labourer in a district
whore no sign appears of agricultural depression. Tho storj' of
tho two waifs is vividly told, and Mrs. ]!Iundcll shows hor usual
power of enlinting both tho imagination and the syoiiiathy of
tho reader on its sadder hiilu. Mr. Prdsnap said that poi-erty
was not a subject to bo introduced among our wives and young
{wrsons. Wu are quite sure that ai here treatoil they can study
it not only without harm, but «ith intorcat and oven with
1 rofit.
The People of Clopton. Hy Qeorge Bartram. 8vo.^
pp. iv.+ijii. Loiuloii. T. Fisher Unwln. 6 -
" I think everything that smacks of the primitive and
natural," says Mr. Itartram, " is gooil and beautiful, and the
older it is tho better. Every man who |>ni)ses8ca it shouhl
cheri.Mh this yearning after the pastoral, and if ho is of rural
breeding should keep alive the menu ries of his youth." Con-
sequently nur author has sot him.«olf to record his own memories
of country life in the Midlands a generation ago. Wo do not,
inileod, tuppofo that his nurrativo is just wliat it purjorts to be,
tho truthful record of " a country boy's love and lawlessness
and escape from consequencca ;" though, for that matter,
whether it is exactly accurate or whether tho author is really as
well as nominally the tJeorgie who made lovo to Jenny Hajiel-
dino and went poaching with tho accomplished Fowsoy and
Exotor Dick is neither here nor there. What concerns tho reader
is that the old country life of a Midland village thirty years ago ia
hero rovivitiod with remarkable skill and verisimilitude. Wo
<lo not remember so etriking a description, for instance,
al a rural merrymaking as " Clopton Fea.st " since Charles
Kingsloy and Thomas Hughes described the same thing
from such different points of view in " Yoast " and
" Tom iSrown's Schooldays." A certain uncompromising
realism marks Jfr. Bartram's episodic narrative, and occasion-
ally lead.^ him into language which jars tho reader's sense of
titnoss without materially aildini; to the power of his talo. Such
descriptions as that of .lenny'a " soft Idack eyes, touched ir>r
tho moment with a bc«'itching strabismus," cannot bo called
(lappy. But in spito of some slips in taste Mr. Bartram lias
written a very remarkable book ; his poaching scenea es] ocially
are narrateii with a zest and vigour wnich one's memory c.innot
easily {mrallel from our literature. His knowlodce of rustic
character, shown in such ]Mirtraits as I'ncle Nrali, Hichartl
Noedham, huey I'robert, Tom Waakolin, and, above all, Fowsi y
and Dick, the poachers, is not unworthy of Mr. Hardy himself,
the living mastor in this kind. If this is a first book it bears
witness to a skill in characterization and a narrative art which
promise to bring Mr. Bartram's name into considerable promi-
nence within the next few years.
387+ a<l pp.
qn
virdlet. Bjf
l.i>ii>|i>n, iHUi,
KnWi.
'ate«t nns-
ntrlavcr
i WO vole. TlvSia.
iiiuat Ui aniii
aa a man "I <
nov.
ad
KB
>tl
t,
r-
tit
I-
t«j
it
â– T
lie
It
!•
'y
it
d
iio
ir-
ru'd haK
n*
tial talk
]»-
iKirt of To III r e..
interest . .. goivl nod a i
her fears ai to the i on^'
in vain he rominda h
hoirras o' ' '
said t'l i
:-f
. 1,
tn
it 14
lob tho
te
pass fr-.n. i. •
her and her 'â– '
....^.at
â– a JO
greedy. " V
I do,'*'«ho ti :
ri-rliiiti to ma:
ii^ion, wo feel, is ii
is (lue to a for;
i-i ^ A. ' A A. A.\ r
.r. !l aa
•'a
lor
ot
f-a
wliicli conrtitiito tlio man
Thi« yoiiU'T matron, with .
fon ' ''• S|eech, is diawi
ByS
IsbiBi
rv.
of
K.
a
c|ui :mour. But. indeed
to ino, n> : ' ' '
which they i
bred writing in. a u.uAvn u^iwaui
2l.^
lt«7.
..d
rv in
. well.
Perpetua. A story of NlniMi in a.d
Gould, M.A. 7^ >5iii., 810 pp. Lnndon.
Stories i!"
with the doi
Baring-
.«r & Ck>.
•y
.-va
their numl>ci im.i j. luium ji
multitude of readers.' •• I'erjiot
who are sensible of tl'" •'''■'
of the picturesque an
played to advantage in :
ritea in honour ot the tut-
ua
' a
d
rn
city of Mmca. Thrr-' nri-
.t*
not altogether unv
•••
of Komo under N'
I'a
book is far more r.
novelist. By loc
h
rd
century i
the olil
subi —
'â– r
to
iiaiid.
^ .1 •
ami
are .. .
roathat
* thia
class, Mr. 1
â– re
originality. 1 ... aa,
the bibulous slave. Tarnius. and the roat - aro very human,
though primitive, Christiana. They are .iftor the school of
Ciblion, rather than piipila of Dea- The patrician
Itoman convert i^ 1 v po mr^na a ..,.*«w1 Vn,ilina
Lcntulus Varro, t'
•ore the
pleadings and rea-
ls the 1:11 .'
that coi
making tot- i>.Mi"|> l.;ik iin<
dl. It
ua
ot
â– -'a
style ia rather tou like n:
• i.o
modern reader will rightly t;- ; ...
..
. „, .....re
54
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1807.
^ anqnactioiwbl* fortre and rermcitv in iU
OMia fcatlVM. Mr. Itarine-ttoiild U • trifle laviKh of
anhmologj and bidory. lUit ho has, on the wholo.
•nplojM^ his mktcriAl w:° tiicss and elTcct, not
iMtftl^ M •mb*llishaieut« or | : foftorius, but as integral
OOMtltasoto of tb* story. Asi :8 mtistic Iiitndliuf;,
w« mmy cits the deaoription ' 11 l>> tlu> Cliriitians
Iwfors oelebrsting tlie i: ntu : tho acsount
ol th* Tmrioo* clnba or gtiild-' );>tioiis of KomniisiR, and
t: 'of tiuir I unctions 8upi)lie<l by tho
. ^r« : and, lastly, tho dfsonption
.1 . ;i r P'Ouir, into which tho unlwppy
!:;.:!.i- -,» ono of tho Hiost Spirited
Menotah. liv Ernest Q. Henham. With Illustrations
by llai Ludlow, ^vo.. pp. xii. ^ :)7(l. Ixndon.
Skeflington & Sons. 6;-
Ithss just been ni
of unilertaking the
Hitherto that great ti
appearanco in literature.
tluit Sir \Vilfrid Jjaurior is thinking
• '( tho Hudson's Bay Company.
tnizatii)n hus not mado much
H. M. Hallantyno intrmluced
OS for boys, and Mr. Gilbert
! • io tho lives of its servants,
I . ...^ .. .Mr. Henham undortakos to
other side <if the medal : hi.-i tale of the Riel
. as a principal reason for that hopeless revolt of
• ^ and Indians, " the unscrupulous treatment of
t un bv tho white inva<lor8, " and aocuses th o
Hudson's of having " |)aved tho way for this
miwrable . • is of morality.'' Mr. Henham's ston'
is readable inou^ii. tiiuuch as an indictment of the H.B.Cf.
it raruK't be said to bo convincing. His Indian heroine
" H«art that knows not sorrow " — is an engaging
Ough she becomes somewhat melodramatic in the con-
<in-i. II. i^amont is a pup|H,t who never seems to move by him-
self. But the minor characters are much more lifelike, and Mr.
Henham <lcacribes tho ccencry and customs of the far North-
West with a pictorial power that eeems to bo based on intimate
knowledge.
BIEDIOAL.
LEGAL.
The Law of Motor Cars, Hackncv, and other Car-
riaern«- Hv O. A. Bonner, Uai-rister^at-Law. 8vo., 252pp.
London. IW7. .SU'Vous. 7s. Od.
Mr. Bonner describes his work on Tue Law of Motor
Caes as an " epitome of tho law, statutes, and regulations"
applicable Ui vehicles of this character. In bo far ns the
chapters on tho (general law of negligence, nuisance, bailments,
carriers, m ' ' ' omotivcs on highways are ci>ncime<l,
thia mod) is not inappropriate. Tho author's
treatment • careful and accurate, and will be
foiii.d u»< :" the lending principles and rules
of l.-iu '. . ..r anything more the practitioner or
rttub ultthe "bof)ks at largo,' and probably,
in si.i , li. II (!;. Ii;!it locomotive bus evolved a
rasc-Uw of it' i might with advantage
^« iri:?% ■!. !' If an injustice in includ-
h (JoalB with tho Locomotives on
â– h B drfi;:Tiation as " epitome."
'â– <1 annotation of the
o are in any way
.tion. Topetherwith
'â– ns made mider it
ment R'artl, to
â– 0. It is to bo
I.,.!. II..., i,i..i ,'., ; .II..1I1 lo tho now verj-
gMMral practice rs of giving the date
of rrei7 caso . • j,d cx{ie<.-tation which
praraila amot> Ixoks that this prac-
tic<- will be I tr.irv . n. An iininr.-
neferenoe to th«! «latc of .;
•■-n msMp« z »tnfbTit t'
autb'
logica
tMM- ^ liiiii with
a rea^ ; case is to
be foaad in a scries ol rcj.xjrts wUicli his library contains.
Masters of Medicine, bxlitoil by Ernest Hurt. I>.t'.L.
John Hunter, Man uf .Science and (>urguun. By Stephen
Paget. W'HU an Intrcnluctiou by Sir James Paget. Ciiiwu
8vo., 27li pii. One Illustrution. London, ISO".
T. Fisher Unwln. 8,6
Charles Kingsley norer gave hotter advice than when bo
said " Head biography, it is tho best kind of historj'." The
lives of great statesmen are tolerably well known. But oven in
the learned professions only a few wull-inforraod men know more
than tho names of those to whom their jirofession owes tho
greatest debt. In many coses the details of their lives aro lost,
yet whon they have been ]ireserved they form pleasant and
wholesome reading even for tho groat body of the general public
who are not specially interested in tho work which made them
great. Tho most eminent names in medicine aro sooner lost in
oblivion than tho roasters in literature, art, or even commerce.
Mr. Kishor I'nwin is therefoie to ho congratulated upon his
present venture, and with so auspicious a beginning we wish it
all succens.
The story of John Hnnter's life has often been told, for in
every alternate year tho Royal College of Surgeons of Kngland
celebrates his birthday by an oration from tho most eloquent or
learned surgeon in London. Horn early on St. Valentino's l)ay
in 172S, the youngest child of a largo family living near Glas-
gow, without any advantage of rank or fortune, John Hunter
became tho most famous surgeon in tho world. Yet he was not
a good operator, his manners were Warish without the eccentricity
A-hich somotinios commands respect, and ho was so liad a teacher
that it is said ho began each course of lectures with a dose of
laudanum to give him confidence in speaking to his class. But
in spit4) of all these drawbacks he attained the very highest
rank in his profo-'^sion for, as Sir James Paget wisely says,
" his mind was net on science, whilst bis business was practical
surgery." He was tho first to experiment in surgery, not upon
patients nor in detail, but to obtain an insight into tho prin<
ciplos of disoase. Correct thinking founded U{Hin accurate obser-
Tatioiis, innumerablo in numl^'r, led Hunter to a piisition far in
advance of his )>redece8Sors, of his conteniponiries, and of many
of his 8ucccs.surs. His work created Pathology, tho soienco upon
which all remedial measures, whether in man or animals, of
necessity depends. All surgeons had examined dead boilies, but
none before him and only a few even of bis own pupils were
able to generalize upon tho facts they had obserTed. Morbid
anatomy would have progressed without Hunter, but had ho
never been born the work of Haillie, of I'ujret, of Wilks, and of
Listi-r would luive been much less fruitful than the leaven of bis
genius enabled them to make it.
It is, therefore, peculiarly lltting that Mr. Paget should have
Iwen intrusted with tho preparation of a Life of Hunter, and tho
introduction by Sir James Paget ndils to the value of a really
valuable work. The book teems with g<!od stories, yet Mr. Paget
has performed his task with zeal temi>ered with judgment. He
has sifted the .â– â– candalous life by Jesse Foot, but ho has avoided
the uniluo praisi- which market! some of tho older Hnnterian
Orations. He lias availed himself, too, of many new sources of
information, e.s]>ccinlly of the manuscript notes in the possession
of MijB Hunter-llnillio, herself almost the last survivor of one
of the most remarkable families in England, a family cminont
alike in law, in medicine, and in surgery. Some interesting
facts about Mrs. Hunter have thus been obtaiiieil. She was
known to have K-en witty and beautiful. The friend of Madame
D'Arblay and Mrs. Montagu, slio wrote poetry, and her little
lyric, "My mother bids me l)iii(l my hair," lives for ever in the
setting given to it by Havdn. But Mr. Paget has difcovored
that sIio wrote the words for Hn^-dn's " Creation," os the mugh
draft of them in her handwriting still exists. But Huntior
did not always approve of his wife's pursuits, for
*' On returning homo late one evening ho unexiicctedly
found his drawing room filled with musical professors, con-
noisseurs, and other iillers, whom Mrs. Hunter had assembled.
He was greatly imtntod, and walking straight into tho room
used the '1 guests pretty much in the following
: -' 1 ki: • of this kick-up, ond 1 ought to have
Ueeii informed ut it 1 ; but, as 1 am now roturne<l homo
to study, I hojjo the impony will retire.' "
They lived pretty happily together in spite of tl'.o diycrsit.v
' of their tastes, but of tlioir font children only two arrived at
' matttrtty, and they died without issue.
Oct. .!...,• :;o, 1897.J
LITERATT'RE.
55
NAVAL.
or;iniD^ iiiiiiiv
ti
tli<
to
1.4 |X>int(Ml
Tlie liitoflt niimhor of Im Mitritxf /'.i,
mattiTii of intorant. MM. lo('<>(iiiiiaiiiIaiir
tho iiidiiHtrioiiii puliliriiit.'* wlio havo .1
tlio in:iiitl« of tho latu Aili-iiral AuIki, <
on tlio threat Froiich navnl iiimiuMivnm," i-
of Admiral do C'uvervillo, coii!
Moditorranonii, aro aoluuU'd 1
lattor, " cniisors i ' ' 1 to iniiiiit:iiri l..uca
armoured, fiisl, | a ^luat radius of actio
proKorvo contact ,.. .>((/••, in any weuthur.
'• tho dufoncu of tho Fioiich littoral " ought
Hiinicing in the Moditorranonii no an not t" ••
Kiliiadrona whoso vif^oroiis oironsivo action <-
dofonco. " Tho absurdity of tho operation \
koepiiif; contact puro and siinplu during tho ni^iit
out hy tho critics. Admiral do Ciivorvillo's condition raiinot ho
fullillod. If tho so-called Ciiitact vohm'U oro to be Kpooially
nrotectoil with a viow to thoir tightiiii^ a night action, thfir
functions resolve thonisolves into those claimod for '
craft, and tlio general quostion of tho future of \<
si|uadron» i.s thus raised. Tlio writor.-i hold that " the M. .1. • 1
Admiral Aubo have not yot ponutratud tho braiii.s •>( tho chiffi ot
tho Kronrh \,ivy," and that, "/'(nV i-.idvm < "itiHoiir
Admiralty wliifh by building distroyors li .. fullest
lioniago to. tho principles laid down by thel' :> " ''ios.
This i.s correct in a certain sunsc. It has bucii ruoo ; in
some waters of liniito<l extent tho groat llotilla of 1 : , ata
which Admiral Aubo demanded constitutes a danger, and the
Admiralty wi.scly dctnrminod to build a distinctly su()erinr class.
In tho dostroyors. Admiral Oolomb sees the iloom of tho battle-
ships ; but althoU(.'h this ponoral proposition that chango^ nre-
probablo is evidently indisputable, there aro strong ron~
believing that vossols not dirt'oring greotly from our
battloships will continue to be indispensable to tho iiiui-ii
Empire. Tho conditions of France are not tho samo as our own,
and it may bo that, an tho critics state, .Vdmiral (' '-â– ''
oonclusions " apply better nml more logically to the
than to tho Britisli Navy." A full itii.-t' .t;.,.! of the ., ;.
is promised. As regards Admiral do ' .s secoml proiio.-ii-
tion.MM. Z. amlH. Moiiti'chaiita.sk« i . , .ioil. "Thi-s famous
Moditorrarioan squadron which has cost so many millions, and of
which wo wore so proud, is apparently not able to aorvo for the
dofonco of our coasts ! (.)f what use then ia it y " There is here
a considorablo confusion of ideas. What is meant by the 'â– do-
fonco of our coasts" ? Does it mean tho protection of outgoing
and incoming commerce, of coasting trade, or simply of liririH.iir.i
and buililings on tho seaboard ( If tho last, then a fow I.h-.iI
<Iofonco3 on .shore, backed by tho groat military ro.soun-es
of Franco, amply suflico for all needs. Such oporations aslinat
liritain carried out against Clierbourg and ottempted against
H.icliefort aro now ab.iolutcly impossible. A coast line can,
liowever, only bo rondorod sucure in tho broad s.miso by a mobile
navy able to hold its own on tho sea, and tho views of Admiral
do Oiiverville appear incontostable.
Tho Naval Hiidgot is critically oxamine<l bv A. Oael in an
open letter to tho President of the Uudget Commission. Frwich
naval expenditure -258, "JOO.OOO francs in 18S)", will rise to about
234,*X),000 francs in 1898, and if it is dosi^
(Iff'nixr mnritiin'' si'rifu.ie, must be brought up to
(£12,000,0110 sterling), exclusive ot tho cost .1 a
troops. Tho writer ci>nsiders that tho ilistribution c ti-
dituro under its several heails should follow estabii^in'u inies,
40 por cent, being allotted to now construction and 10 jior cent,
to the service ot tho Hoot reserve. Tho latter important item at
present only obtains a little more than 2(i per cent., and tho
writer attributes tho great number of breakdowns to this cause.
As ho most justly points out, the machinery of -ships constantly
at sea is much more likely to bo trustworthy tlinn that which lies
idle or is only omploye<l at long intervals. Tho 'â– .Admirals of tho
old school " aro ot a difTorent opinion, and hold that tho numlwr
of breakdowns is simply proportional to that of tho s ti in
commission. Tho life of the stnicturo of a steel ship I 'â– *)
years, Frauoc. after replacing all her wooden or other>visr oi'soieto
shipj and ohtaining at tho end of 1902 an active fleet of 24
armour-clad'i, will tind her reserve ships rapi<Ily accumulating,
and must either increase tho number ot vessel.'* in commi.ssion or
discover some means of keeping the reserve ships in a state of
greater ollicioiioy than at pre.tent. As roganis moii. the present
active total is .11,00;), .showinir an increase of only 22 to 2S [n-r
cent, in eight years, during which Groat Britain has otTocted an
augmentation "of 'Si to 40 jMjr cent. A. Gaol, therefore, considers
Our !
"Ut f
at I
in;
.1 '.! OIU !
•vould do
'tlwminhit; tn tlw
y-
•A
:iilMr of nan
'1 ft'K.r.liua 4
•ur
'»«
V ;
.11
' w
n
It
in
4
of
y
'y
"n
point oi vi''w.
Ht tbc Booh StalL
iha:
in
Sii. Ilia
roforonco
f print
:i at
tw
Tl... 1 .r
element
|>oiiit <'f
was'
call ;
quality oi
lays down,
b< twoen tho
me I
of a,
must g'i Imci^ t^> tho
ft'ldod richness was bo
1 MS of a >
r to a irre
.ill i ' ' '
To I
the
it w
no i
the '
custom .
and this
of tl
ot 1
prill :
.,.»-,i.i;.i,,v.i
r>llu of d.
to tho t"
sliall stand lu a
the bottom, a nart'
il
â– fio
:b
Aa
ho
h
1 with
.^t th«
' ill
.c-
•!:0
h*
n-
\a
t«i
m
i,v
il
1.
of
â– t
iT
'T
n tiimt
liithcd
•uly ou account
•• fioni \
gem in re_
Iv
il
I. IS a
â– :â– is in
56
LITEUATURE.
[October 30, 189 7.
IviK'. cnltt'd tl;
i"».
type in Qennany, to
<l the pix'iiis tlioin-
foiiiit. (vuito B|iart
itu *» literature, a Ihk k
tl aa a £nu anti(|i:o coin,
iiivt' luiich ill lominon, i>n u<c<'tint
II u( itii littering and thu j urtoct
f the lut book i»sued by Mr. Morria, " The
far to <!
>l «» mil*
IS â– â– :.<.:: â– -. . . . ^ _ - _ ,
a type ih^ca not defeat ita own
that, even in r</i(urij lie luj-t
larger type than that known
lie uaed if weight is given to
be rtmd. Even where it ia not
n of wirk-
the matter
, and this
' 1.0 I age to look diity
.... iifier u hliort »i ell of
:» itself fur conhideration
, -i-a, the UFe of bo largo
ends, for there is no doubt
on full paged paper, no
aa great primer should ever
the fact that the book may
so much a <|ue*tion of tasto
aa of normal ••yeiiuOit. nirn of yrint may err as easily in one
• " ' !i with this question of
i r (lueEtionwhcther the use
• ;..:■, not ultimately tend
of stereo plates lack
.|iii--< iMiii II •ii~i.ii^iii&hes prints from a
metal tyfe. lietidex which the Ktcreo letter
'â– the qualities of tl.c lincuBid in dry-imint
y to lun over and heccme woolly on the
It is allowed to lecome at all general
.•■..• I refent generation will ctftr fewer attractions
of the future than the books of thelGth and ITtli
us.
'(> did the art of decorating bookUndings emanate ;
impcrtation broncbt into Europe at the end of
ry tlifre is no doupt, but in what country did it
ll.> ' opinion has always been that it was
tiin iftMiii:
good deal
Cvtlti.
I
.1
fri m
U18. Many instsncos can be adduced in
the decoration of bindings by mtans of
1. ry heavily with o| Rqiio colours, so character-
^ e. of the Orolicr bindings, can be matched by
i < of a verj" much earlier date. Curiously cn< ugn
,l..iM binilings the Perfians keep vcrj' closely to
t jiast, and in matters of dcKign and execution
' . ceiy any forward movement during the la£t
4 x> years, ijome recent difcoveries of bindings executed in
K^ypt under the later Mameluke rulers would appear to indicate
that the carljr Italian binders owed much, if not all. of their in-
spirntifn to Fgypt. This is a matter which it will take some
' ' ''o. It is by no means improbable that amongst
le as the Mamelukes there were Eome woikmcn
'•I ii r.'-iaii • i:^in,an<l if this ia found to le so, it will be another
f»ct<T in tupport of the theory so loag held that the art of
decorating bookbindings was first brought to Europe from
I'crsia.
'Clnivcvsit\: Xcttcvs.
OXFORD.
IftW » Long Vacation, which to all intents and purpoFcs
benn bat Maj, after sending a loval deputation to Windsor
â– ad a rspTMMltatiTa to King Otcar'a Jubilee at Stockholm,
l»xford commence* her nca<Iemic year with the pleasing novelty
of • n*w Begistrar and two recently-elected Heads of Houses.
Tb* praatige of Mr. Gr<jeo's name caused him to bo returned un-
ofkpoMd. fV.th Prf'f»-or Fi-lhnm ntrl I'l ofessor Lock were the
fBToorit4«, ] oiiular. President and
Warden hj. ,â– within our boundaries,
and a the Hirlii of the learned in their
rwspe- • this I.'ni»eniiiy.
IVnii. iiei; ..... of Trinity College,
all muat regret \Vo<.<U. The late
Praaident'almou..- . iajly npeful in
tbe control of thoM.- I niversity is
•o often charged wit .-i.. we loco—
what we can ill affor , i| ,,f niir
UiCh] n'.vi'Ii't. . I'<.i Itl,,..,,.li .1
I nerer ow
'1 .â– .II novel 1 - f
Thyraia and the bcbolar Uipey, but there ia nothing academic
about it. It is carious to see how differently two artists may
utilize the camo background. To Mattl.ew Arnold the "warm
green-muffled Cumm r liills " suggested a wealth of classic anil
academic reminiscence. There is no harsh rculiKiii in his pastor.^il
life — the half Virgilian shepherds of the Hur.^t, the boatman's
daughter of the " shy Thames" — yet to Mrs. Woods those saitn*
scenes and the rustics of lierkshiru jirovidod material for the
Bonibrc anil cssentiii" ii story of a Village Tragedy.
Novelists have y lost touch of tho life of Oxford
itfeli. Poihaps exi-i. i. .• unio is lacking in incident ; |ierhap8
it is the sterilizing intlueiice of a t.>o critical spirit. At any
rate, the day isoturwlicn the nndergiadiiatu could lie a hero, as
ho is, for instance, in " Tom Urown at Oxfortl." His achieve-
ments in thu echotds and on the river utod to bo invested
with a glamour and romanco born of enthusiasms wliich
wo have now outlived ; and no one in the present day mttcl>
cares to road stories alniut schoolboy pranlcs and athletic
triumphs ; while if fiction catrios the hero into other tiolds,
he is in danger, while appealing to wider human sympathies,
of doing things incon.sistent with his residence at a University ;
it Wing, of course, tho object of academic otiicials, like the goo<l
gendarme in " L'Hommu !i I'Oroillo Cassi^o," to see that
nothing unusual hapiieiia in tho lo<-ality. On the other hand,
too much vivacity in dertciibinj' the life of Dons oiid tho " Park»
System " is apt to be held lilellous. Tho thing hr.s been tried,
but not with complete success — Oxford society is ntill t<io smalt
to be satirized with safety. It is uiwlerstood that at Cambridgo
the works of " Alan St. .\ubyn " are not productive of unmixed
pleasure. Perhaps it is, on tho whole, inefitablo that, when tho
narrator of those days essays to lift the veil from Oxford social
life, the result shoufd bo rather unsatisfying, as it undoubtodly
is in tho latest volume of local stories — publixhod this term
and entitled " Within Sound of Great Tom." Hero arc na
heroic undergradtiato figtires, as in " Tom Hrown," nor any im-
possibly desiccated Professors of Ktnision as in " Pelinda."
When the undorgraduato appears ho is tho colourless individual
of the present day, and tliu Fellow is perhaps even milder am)
more inelTectual than ho is in reality ; while when tho authoress
ventures on a scene of collegiate life she does so obviously with-
out personal knowledge, which is but natural.
-Mr. T. (i. Jackson, who has created a good deal of modern
Oxford, now appears as tho chronicler of its antiquities. Hia
" Church of St. Mary tli') Virgin,'" a hpaiitifiil and profu.sely
illustrated book, has recently been published by the Clarendon
Press. The annals of our I niversity Church are not only inte-
resting architecturally: for a long time the history of St. Mary's
was really thu historj' of tho University : the story of tho many
great am\ iitemorablo scones enacted within its precincts has a
charm for every one. Altogether such a book appeals to all who
know Oxford, even to that napless generation of undorgradiiatcs
who never saw tho church at all, at least undrii] o<l by tcalfold-
ing. Towards the end, Mr. .lacksoii deals at length with tho
recent restoration of tho pinnacles, luckily not in a too tMilemica)
spirit, though ho has a little fling at sentimental i>er8oiis who
do not understand architecture. Fortf.nately tho fins of con-
troversy which raged round that vexed qtiostioii are now extinct,
and tho scarchings of heart which agitato<l Convocation for a.
year or more have passed into thu limlio of the forgotten.
Tho progress of Dr. Murray's Dictionary has been lately
celebratofl in true academic fa.vhion that is, by a dinner, which
is said to have been most succyHsfnl. There is reason to hope
that unless the English language should multiply words abnor-
mally, the work may be finished in I'JIO. For an Oxford
magnum o^iun, this seems almost indecently precipitate.
iforcion Xcttcvs.
UNITED STATES.
The October number of tho Atlnutie Muuihlij complotos
the fortieth year of the perio<lical, which, more than any other,
has endeavoured to be repntsentativo of American literature.
The Atlnntir may sometimes have leon irreverently called
doll, insipid, or anything else iinwolcome to (.ditors ; but
nobody has questioned from tho beginning that it has tried to bo
at once meritorious and native. The summary of its fortyyeara,
with which this last number conoliidos, is, in its own way, im-
pressive. Whatever else it has done, the Allanlic has roanage<l
October 30, 1897.]
LITERATURE.
fi7
to count nmojiR its •
iliiritij^ tlmt [Mirioil, 1,
liM iiioluili'd mro'i of their limtinR worlc. In ita rirnt ntirotior,
for cxiwnplo. Dr. Kolmos bogan tlio " Autocrat of th« Drvakfaat
TaMii," KuuirRon piibliihcil hit oiway on Illuiion*. Lowi-lt aiul
Wliittior had poomH, ami no had LoiiKfollow, and thent wu
aomothiiig by Motloy. In view of thii it i» a Httlo atattlinc to
lind that, iiftor tho di^'iiit;od old faxhion, none of I'
wu» siKnod. Forty years ngo an anonymity nn
that of the Quartrrlii Htrirw waa on eliimontaiy
of tho literaryniiinnerit of New Krif^land, at ihot tinio t!
tentro of tho I'niteil States. Hut that anonymity coTerwl nam«a
well known then ond I titer since.
No sinj^lo fact could moro clearly mark tho present condition of
American litoraturo than tho contrast between this state of thing*
and tho recent announcomenta of American publishers for the
coming season. In quant ity|thc8o oro said to l)o unprei-edi-ntod ;
certainly tlioy outnumber, by twohuii<1rod or fo, tho ann'^iineo-
inents of a year apo. And, almost without exception, t'
tho authors who thus appeal to the American public, i
impression which one j^ets from this rather bowildorin); lutxat »i
prophetic information is perhaps mistaken. Tho very bulk of
tho iinnouncemonts inevitably means that a givxl jMirt of what is
nnnotniccd must prove ephemeral ; but among tho names spread
lieforo us tliero are certainly a few which hove long boen
rospectobly familiar. Not to speak of some stray letters which
passed between Kmeraon nnd John Sterling, or of an unpublished
diary of Hawthonio, whoso literary remains seem almost
inoxhaustiblo : not to sjwak either of novels by Mr. Miirion
Crawford and Mr. Henry Jamos, who may fairly lie held by this
lime rather European writers thon Amurican, there is a clleoted
edition of tho works of Mr. Aldrich, and a now volume of ; ooms
by Mr. Stedman ; and there aro novels by Mr. Howell-, and
Mr. Frank Stockton, and Mrs. Burnett ; ond there is a new
historical work by Sir. J<ihn Fiske. Ali the same, as one turns
over tho annoiuicomonts, what strikes ono most is the com-
parative unfamiliarity of tho names so freely announced. That
tho literary activity of America haa never been grcot«r is an
undoubte<l fact. Equally undoubted seems tho fact that just ot
this moment .\merica is not so rich as it nsed to be in esta-
blished reputations. Fantastically enough, one begin-; t'> fee! as
it tho Nineteenth Century were insensibly Ix^come a thin? < i tho
jMist, while tho Twentieth is still a thing of tho future.
Ot course, this impression is not only fantastic, but p<>rhaps
a littlo unfair. When ono begins to consider tho announcomenta
in detail, ono finds a good many titles which cannot bo over-
looked. In the motter of .scholarly contribution to the study of
English literature, a study rather moro orthodox in America
than in England, where it has a far more deeply rooteil clos-'ical
tradition to contend with, at least two works of first-rato import-
ance aro promised: a new volume of Mr. H. H. Funiexs's
" Variorum Shakespeare," comprising oil that his experienoetl
ttcutcness and indu.stry can collect concerning T\- if. '-i-'i
Tale ; and tho tenth and final volume of the late Professor
Child's " English and Scottish Popul.ir IJallads," a work which
is believed literally to include every known English or Scotch
iuillad which can bo traced to o [xipular, as distinguished fr'>m a
litorarj-, source, and to set forth every fact about them wl.icli tho
â– unceasing and enthusiastic labour of a scholar's lifetime C'>uld
discover. Tho completion of this final volume has been occom-
plisho<l by l'rofess<ir Kittredgo, of Harvard College, Professor
Child's most trusted and intimate colleague. Then there is a
second volume of Professor M. C. Tyler's " Literary Hi.'it ry of
tho .American Revolution," tho most thorough and ut-.'. i.ised
statement which has bjen made of what may bj called the
mental condition of this country diu-ing the years which changed
it from a loyal dependency of tho Pritish Crown to a region
where for aliovo a century tho British Crown has been tmdition-
nlly, though most infelicitously, held to be an hereditary er.emy.
Thon, too, Mr. Tnoodoro Uoosevelt promises n volume on
American Ideals, which ono may perhaps expect to uphold
this tradition ; tho President of Harvard College, a man of
of MMf* and ad*
â– ..." uwlBiahop
more pMO«fnl twnpar, will
ilrsMM on " Amarioan Coo^^^^Bt'
Potter, of Now Vork, a «
eiititi. -I ■' The Scholar ami ••-■'ma
of irs from Moa* oimI a man of :Ary
a* ' ' . baa jiiat i»oi-<i a '>uijk of aaaayaalMJui <. ertain
A< Mr. Harriaon, formariy fraaiiWtit of tba
: •■.••,:-■••- T- vol
. to
on
ina
.ira
.ly
of
thorough compiler of lust'
Amvriean history in itn
oallod " Thu Westerly
mora booka which roiKi.: . . ^ , . .
thore ia no lack of rigoroiu an<I
anif ' rican men who might r. on k-iu
in y \\ve» to have no spare time f
b<H>k.'i. Ill" ' ts, though, are
tlusu mon !■I ronuivwl fron, -• .
ail'''
on.
the must intoreating.
It ia in tho region of pure lottera, aftar all, that one ranat
â– eek, if anywhere, for justification of one's iniprvaaion that on
the whole tho writora of tho proaont moment arc r ' •.■>•«»
well known as American men of lottera u«e<l to be i ry-
body'a memory. A good deal of the work promnuxi, ^- t.<'-m
appearing day by day, certainly haa merit : and mora â– ;< . . . rv
probably has. Ab ' . turut}
bo clover. Dr. W- roughly
aound histori t <iiu) of tho
foremo.^t of ^ re generally
recogni)ce<l as no amateur in lit. <ar mnat ac-
complished living men of lott-r . ; Mr H \V.
Mabie have bucomo ini|>ortant cnou;;h for . rm
e<UtioD. Mr. Fus's " Kentuckiana '' has ...i....... nl
by tho roadera of Uarjier't Munlhtf. Mr. Owi t.i
a new volume of atoriea, and hia atorioa aro n1 . . - ji.l
works of art. And whoever haa read novels i l-.'.rt
Craddock, or Ellon d' â– ' .r
Paul r,<<ii'<>!iter Ford ;
Mi who;e"r . ' uhI " IhhIi, ui i.iih. . » iio'v
coi. , in those < ks of nonseiiae, a-t .-. -, !..~lv
laughing who came art. .^ t . ni a year or two • s
to reprint thom or pici'"* i t.'ein. There ia no re;i: ;,.jrc
of reapcctablo oasays ami fiction and the like. Only, aa one
ponders over the announcomenta thereof one aomebow cannot
quite forget that tho American literature which they eheerfally
and ploaaantly continue is tho same A— - - '• -- — -' i -h
forty years ago this month could anoi) i?
in a new monthly i work b\ Lou^jiu'Uow,
Emerson, Holmes, Wli i. Stow*. ;l.
It is in poetry th.i- ,t nu^t. Beyond
donbt, the poetry of Ne.i i r^n ratM ahor*
its merit, till even in Now England i' of
human nature has ended by rather n; At
leaat one may confidently say now that our poeta were pure,
wholes.ime, sincerely enthusiastic men of l.'H..r« who foumt in
their rerses a genuine and a welcome ' > of what life
meant to them. In mere technical fini!-ii Lm n.>ik of a dozen
men and womon whom one could name is ]>r>bably better than
moat of that which within the pa-' are has become locally
classic. But aa one aoans tho .entH of this cloaing
year for namos an shad prcj^. -etical tradi-
tions, one is at n n. The ' y of Massa-
chusetts, to" ife, was '. " .rd
man of tho i. Harvard ■•; iiis
degree in 'oo— ami that ot today. " We had poets. " he said,
"andyou haven't." Which means in all likelihood, that the poeta
of tho Nineteenth Century are falling asleep and tbe poeta oif tba
Twentieth not yet awakened.
LITEUATIUE.
[October ao, 1897.
©bituav\i.
FKAXCIS TURXKR PAUilt.\VK.
Fmt nMn haro clone so much for the intelligent study of
â– ngliah poetry m Mr. FVmnois Turner Pnlgniro, whoso death nt
the ag* of 73 wm announced at tlie bogiiining of the week, lie
wa* himaalf poet of no mean ordi«r, and published books of
orifpnal poems from time to time for a long period ranging from
18Mtol881. But his name is boat knnvm in connexion with
" The U olden Treaaury " : and only a fortnight before his
daath the public bad welcomed a loniT-oxpectoiI Second Series,
ooatAuung aalections from thr ^ > [>oets. Selt'ctiuns from
theKngliah poota hara become o. co tho appearance in 18C1
of" ThaOoldan Treasury. " It wan not, indeed, a new departure.
Tba praMatmant in a han ly volume of gems from tho vast
storohooaa of English poetry was an idea which hod suggested
itaalf to others— notably to Mr. C. Dana, whoso death we
record abewhera. But few, if any, E<litor8 of jioetioal
aeloetiona bare shown the taste and judgment of Mr.
Fftlgrara. His " Golden Treasury " luis been universally
aooeptod aa the most trostworthy guide to tho best productions
of tbo Sngliah lyrista. It has probably done more to cultivate
an appreciation for poetry among young and old than the
work of teachers or critica far moro famous than Mr.
Palgrare. The assistance he rendenxl to the study of English
poetry waa not confined to tho "Golden Treasury. " Ho published
a •• Children's Treasury " (1864), " Tho Treasury of Sacred
8ong " (1888), a selection from Wordsworth, Shakspearo's
Lyrics, a selection from Herrick, Tho works of Keats,
" Lyrical Poems \ty Lord Tennyson," and he contributed a
paper of Personal Kecollections to Lord Tennyson's Life of liis
Father. IV ' V'.wod themselves in " Essays
on Art " I r[iross which ho su]>plie<l to
** Ucms of t.u'^ti-n 111 1.1 ill.-' V I'untry "' (18C9) — his versatile
literary faculty "in " Five Days' Entertainment at Wontworth
Grange." His work received a fitting recognition in his
appointment by the University of Oxford, where he had been a
Scuolar of lialliol :iii(l r,.Ii.i« of Exeter, to the Chair of Poetry
on the deatli of 1 ;> in 1880. He had previously held
for fire years f' l of V'ico-Princii)al of tho Training
College for :it Kneller Hall. Ho had also actod
as private .■^ id Granville, and from 18i».5 to 18rtl ho
waaasBi 'a : > .ry t<> the Committee of the Privy Council
onEdu'.^'.; 11 wnsasonof Sir Francis Palgrave, the his-
torian and :i<I a brother of Mr. William Gilford
Palgravo, t iur, and also of Sir licginald Palgrave,
Clerk to UiH iionce oi commons.
\'
'. . \-' . . -
f-
H •
Oct;'
I
t
1.
•• j;- "fir. : •
" I>ant« a:.
btirc." II,
a; â– ? ~ ' ' •■-â–
M- • '
1
t
II vox Weoelb, who died on October IG, at
:!i year, was a distinguished historian and
ii Mas known not only in loomed circles in
•' ' Ii ral public also, owing to his co-editor-
!:"i-hus von Lilicncron of tho " Allgcmeino
■' — tho monumental work produce<l by the
on of the Munich Academy. He began his
.1 Jena in 1848, and in 18o7 was appointed
■rv in th. '•' 'ty of Wlirzburg. Ho earned
titfo of '• • :in of Gorman history " by
'* "' since tho advent of tho
works may bo mentioned
â– ' Kail August von Woimir,''
I : ,v ■• II • ry of the I nivorsity of Wilrz-
:i .. ' ' i:i t'> tho school of (jcninus
at ,-it Heidelberg. He was a
• Mil of his lectures attracted
.; nx.in l.esiiles tlio regular students of
r von Wcgele, who was a " (iohoim-
.'. '.tor of tho philosophical faculty of
M. .Ixr-Qrr* AwArir Rrcy.\t-tT. who died on the 14th inat.,
V - re Najiolnor. I. liecamo
1 I mnny of tho groatcst
1" : . ntury, and ho wns
i>} :iv with England. In
franc i rcj ula.li"U as a scliolar, a traveller, and
a historian of contemporary events, and his varied experiences
rendered him an almost unicpie link w ilh tho past. " He had out-
lived," as has been saidof hiincliiewlure, " two empires, two mon-
archies, and two rojuiblios.," .\monj; his works may be mentioned
" Histoin' du Conseil <rKtat," accounts of journeys to the
East, to Kiissia, and to Norway nnd Denmark, translations of
Byron, studies on English and French prisons, and " Kovuo
anecdotitjue des Champs Elysi'es ot do lours environs dopuia
1730 jusiiu' ik nos ujors. ' '
Mr. Charle.s A. D.ina, whose doath has been announced from
Now York, was both an author ond a politician, but the practical
business of his life throughout wiis juurnaliKni, in which ho
achieved grout distinction as editor of tho New York Tribune
during the ton years jireceding tho Civil War. Ho bKaino o<litor
of tho SuH in IKC". So outspoken were his attacks on tho mal-
adniinistrationof tho executive during(jeneral Grant's Presidency
that anunsucccBsful attempt was made by the Government to remove
him from New York on a charge of libel. He is well known both
here and in America for his " Household Hook of English
Poetry "' published in 1857. He had a large share in the " Now
American Encyclops-dia," and with Gencrol .lames H. Wilson
he wrote a life of General Grant. Ho also published a volume
of stories translated from the German, entitle<l " Tho Black
Ant."
Tho death of " Tasma " (Madame Augvsib CovvuEUR)on the
23rd inst. removes a most interestiiis figure from the ranks of
coiiteinporary novelists. Miss Jessie Charlotte Huybers, to
give her hiT iimideti name, was of Dutch ancestry on her father's
side, and Anglo-French on her mother's ; yot her fame as a writer
of fiction rests on her admirable presentation of .Yustralnsian
life. She was boru in Highgate, but she accompanied hor parent*
to Tasmania when she was <inly two years of iigo.
In spite of tho fact that her most distinctive gift was not to
reveal itself till comparatively late in life- for Mine. Couvrour
was well over 30 before " Uncle Piper, of Piper's Hill," estab-
lished her place among contemporary writers of fiction, she
possessed even as a child an oxtroordiuarily vivid imagination.
Her early Tasmanian homo lacked no beauty fovo that of archi-
tecture, but this her fancy supplied, and both she and horfavourito
sister would wander for hours in a wonderful dream-city of hor own
creation, peopled with a whole society of fantastic beings. She woe
only 16 wticn tho vJi(.'.fia/i(i>i Jouriml jmhiislied somes lines from
her pen, which dealt with tho eoniowhat gloomy subject of a
mother's feelings towards on idiot child. Shortly after she
entered colonial journalism, ond some of hor critical articles
attracted a good <leal of attention. " Taenia's '' first story, a
short, brilliant sketch entitled " Barren Lovo," appeared just 19
years ago, but a visit to Europocut short her literary work. At that
time, and indeed to the end of her life, sho was much interested
in the welfare of her early homo, and on the Continent it is by
her work as a lecturer tm Tasmania that she is known, for she
spoke in tlie principal towns of Fmucc, Belgium, and Holland,
receiving tho violet rilmnd and tho silver palm-leaves of the
Oflicier <le r Academic. Long before there was any question of
tho ytmng Australian lady's niarrini^e to one of his nxst dis-
tinguished subjects, tho King of tho Belgians accorded hor a
special audience in ortler to discuss with her a scheme of Belgian
emigration to Tasmania.
" Tasma " married M. Auguste Couvrcur in 1884. Four
years later " Undo Piper, of Piper's Hill " w.is ]inblished in
London, but sho was a careful and conscientious worki.T, and
refused to f<dlow up immediately her great success os so many
would have been tempted to do. Accordingly, in tlio last nine
years " Tasma " has appaared but too rarely in tlie world of
fiction. " In Her Earliest Youth,'' " The I'enanco of Portia
James," and " A Knight of the AVhite Feather," also
a volume of somo short stories ropublisliod under tho
titln of " h Sydney Sovereign," mako up tho susn of hor
«■i ' ' ' of hor distinguishod husband, so
]â– I of the Cobden Club, and (,'orro-
sp' ii'ii lu <M ( (!• /!//■< Ill 1>, uKBels, Madumo Couvrour gave up
more and more of her time to journilism, for she siiccooded her
husband as Tlie Tiiiics Corresiiondent. She lia<l a singularly
modest and imaisuming personality, and hv.v biography is iniss-
iji^r fri.in b ilh •' ^len of tho Time " ond Vhicti.iii.
Mr. William I . of Cainbcrwell, who died last wook,
was a man 'if son , ability, but will bu liost roinemlieretl
iis lieing the founiler <.f tho first free library in South London.
Tho librory grew <nt if tho Smith London Working Men's
College, and was cftablithed in 1878 in K<'nniiigton-laiio.
October ov, ioy/.j
LITKRATtlil
59
THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.
"" Tlio liibniry Asaociution, foundoil in '
muotiii); luHt wiu^k in thu r<H>inH n{ tli'
now proHidont, Mr. Ht-nry Kiclianl 'I'oii.i.i, u
iwUlross, said that tho ohjin-t of tlm iiMsoriiiti'-n
pt'rxi'iiH ititcri'stid in '
tlm lul^t l">,'^.silll^^ ;l(lli,
f<>riimtii<ni>l' nuwonus
sincd tliH innu);inatii>
iniiniriition Ix-twi'di
Iiilinirv A»MO<;iati<)Ti In
of till) IIMSO
•rk fur tl.
II of ex IS
Ilia iimitKural
»' t" ttnitc nil
i...^.... .1, .., ,,
.'an with a roll of 140 : it u
til. if ., .Ir,,!. .
ci'ntlll ii'.i.
Th..
â– t'h
f).">0. Till) coiincil'M luport toUl tl
tioii wiiuhl prolmtily booh 1)o gr
sptmkor mentioned a nuinbor '
tho moilorn private hook collortor wan an importun'
fonnutioii uf thu public lil>rary. In tho IHtli i-int'
Alcboruo, whoMo books were incorpiirated in Lord Spumuri
library, and Sir John Funn wtiro ainonj' tho firtit who
attaclu'd value to tho dramatic and poetic litoratiiro of Did
England. About tho sanio poriixl Mr. Crofts. Colonol
StanK'v, and " Don " llowlo wi'i.
SpaniNli litoraturo, whilo William 1;
of colliH-tine Italian books, which h.iu in'im .i i..\ .ui.; j u iwi
of English litorary men for more than two
library of tho late Lord .Axhburnham boro witiM
lovo of intorosting books combined with a !
ornamental beauty. The lirst of the great i U-.
was that of the library of Henry I'erkins, formed betw.
and 18J0, and dispor.sod in 1S7:I. Two copies of the
Bible, one on [mpor, the other on vellum, wore sold for i.'L',o'>0
and £;t,400 rosnectively. Amon>;Bt tho valuable MSS. in the
Duke of Hamilton's linrary wore the celebrated " I>ante draw-
ings " by Botticelli, now unfortunately lost to England. The
late Earl of Crawford had created a representative library of all
branches of literature, art, and si-ienco, both ancient and
modern. In sunimari^ii'ng the main qualilications of a librarian,
ho referred to Mr. I'radshaw as an exami>lo of professional
ardour and technical excolliinci).
Dr. Garnott, tho next speaker, in alluding to the recent
I'aniz/.i centenary, said that it was gratifying to find that our
adopted countryman, to whom tho hritioh Museum owed so
much, WDs still held in high honour in his native land.
The subject of a paper read by Mr. Sidney Webb' was " .\
Now S|)ocialist Lil>rary for Political Soiiui'." He I'Mdlctcil
that, as thu natural sciences had been the main work of the l!)th,
political and social seienoo would \w the chief object of tlio en-
deavours of th-2.)th century, and ho culled npoji o.vh distiiil to
colloct.all literary material ai"ecting tho social life of tlu- peot le.
.Vniong other.papors rca I Mr. .J. Y. W. 31.. 'â– ' '. ho hon.
secretary of tho .Vssociation. discussed the of tho
" Durability of .Modern Uooli I'ajiers," ond ca. iition to
tho disiiuioting fact that many",modorn books, some "t them of
great iniportauca, wero printed ' upon pafier which wr.s ecrtain
to crumble to dust in a comparatively short jnii 'd. <'f
almost all books tho worst in this respect were tho !''1;> -' • "ks,
to which tho historian of the future must look forjl; 1.
The ])rocoe:lings on Thur-'day wero of a moiv i o-
fossion.il natiiro, dealing with the manngcmont asul .
mont of libraries. On> interosting aniiouiu'eminuwa
Mr. Cot:.:ioavo, of the West Ham Public Libraries. •.
that ho was en.;a.'ed in a single-handed attempt to .
contents subject-index on a small scale. Ho hn;^ '
example set in Amnriea, and also by the llcrinr m
England, would lead to the prixluction of a truly n.il Icx
umW the auspices of the Lini-aiy Association.
Sir Edmund \'eniey ^nve at the concludiniT session a
valuable ami amusing addre-is on "Vilbt:;" l^ilraries .tu 1 the
Duties of tho N'illage Librarian." He instnncod t"-. vn if
Middle Clayilon, wlioro the .-Vet had loon luloptcd
most successful in its working. All that was wan'
was an ndilitioiito tlie sources from whirh vilbige Hi ; <1
he endowed. The village librarian must exercise a "f
tact. She " nuist make horsolf ac<)i:aintod by .' .iie
literary wants nml t:istes of each homo ; she w a
b lok on Cromwell and the Civil War must n"t n. i â– , i , ii!ed
to a hoisohold absorbed in gnidening, or a history of the e.irly
Christi:in m.irtyrs to an obi lady devoted to ].etc;its. Vi.ih one
who enters the library must l-ive pointed out t' hiin ;h
tains the very liook ho wants ; the farinir ni >i i"n'
agriculture : the boy a miiiual on carving :
hints on dressmaking and cooking ; and the i
attention might bo drawn to scandalous revelations oi ti.o Court
h one
•on-
; on
vn
'.•"8
of (jnoen I
i»atii*ii>->> ail
« hail Ut fruetitm
W«1 -I'.t
•m
-•or
•'8
'it
'■•f
• If and
' fir
â– V.
it
IRotcs.
We renew our thanks to all our «ont«mporari«a who («•
think without exception) hare kindly gre«tod our fint niunber.
In reply to inouiriea, all
Itit,.!,.! f.ir revifW will 1 *• i)]ni i1
our
delay m iC.-* m,-ii»»-i_\ .
.. : ; K li>«
tho dolivory of tbeir
t ■<»<slo<l
. 'ld.kblu
Canon Kawnsloy has addiossid to us thu following
sonnet : —
Onoi» LrrK I T VoTAoa.
Child of this !
Flsr
t>ne
Anil
ir.
â– ar ;
Mot
of explaining our
firft
I'
!l
14
sl
lournai kept y
Durham, .iml t
of ].,onl I '
address i
any lettcrii ot I^ird Diuium or othur iui»iiu-tiuu c«>u<;<iruing his
career.
•* • •
Does anr one rcml Southoy now f This que^ti'm. sometia
asked, nsuafly calls forth a negative response. • fame
IS little more than an echo with us, and probabl\ ' hancv
of being known to future ages will come from tho fait that D*
60
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
QuiiMwy haa enahrined hi-
varioiu other writiiura. C
libnrjr in f "-" " '
thoir wmy
o«rncopvui ..i.i.i>.,
and well worth a plac« i i
the booka hare oomeaomc .v...
vaa ft cood ooiteapondeot, e\
it the liaal perurrauli <>f one ii
.if the Ijikcs," and
lirfakitifr up of an old
â– - have ri'oently found
rtaut »f tlu'iii is his
., .... i.,.^ .â– . (tilion,
r with
: ^outhoy
.•t. Hero
n the first
flay of the pf*.--' y : — " Kstlin i« coming to I^omlon. I
•apped there <- y -they pro<1ucc<l <.'art»i'i);ht's ' Armiito
and EIrira ' for me to rvad aloud afttT gome half-liour's suporla-
tire praiae upon its merit. I read a littlu at a haud-gallup-for
an eaaier pace would havo put me to sloop— ami whon I had
done you nwrpr witiic»>e I such a ileiuX flatnvss as ensued.
r»iii\»r.. ' iii.l 1 gave Kuch a < : .u.s half-scruple
. I [:.:-. next day thi>y laid :. r poem's failure
up-)n my b»a roaiiiug — I raunlorod it— ims »"uui have been like
killing dead mall beer."
• « • ■«
An oniinent living authority on art is said never to dress
!iout an illuminated manuscript open on his
: are many students of medieval art who, if
their enthusiasm liocs not carry them so far as this, take a keen
int«re!it in the subject, and welcome any means of incroasinu
their knowle<lge of it. Most books illustrating the history of
illiimination pive si)«cimeas of the best work in the Uritish
■•" great collections which may not always Ikj
itivo of the decorations generally met with.
• •. of Birkenhead, who possesses a fine col-
.llumin»te<l MSS., proposes to do something
this defect in a work announced by Messrs.
s, of LiverjKK)!, of which "iOO copies will bo
•v.Miiber. The pictures which illustrate the
I "Hooks of Hours" in Mr. Quaile'a own
; ! .en specially chosen as being typical of the
various ktylen of illumination and decoration usually met with
by the onhnary collector of MSS.
r, at any rate, their secretaries— and journalists
fretp i it loss easy than they could wish to obtain at a
mome:a » n..iice information aliout the political history of recent
years. The same difliciilty is often felt by other persons less
Tersad i<i the handling of books of reference. They do not like
to appear ignorant of " matters of common knowlcugo " such as
the datea and '''r.'ii.ii..tnuces of the rise and fall of successive
Ministries siii. not to know which Government was re-
sponsible for t y councils, and which for free e<lucation,
or what have been the changes in our relati.ms with foreign
Powers during the lafct 25 years. But they hanlly know where to
go to obtain with the minimum of trouble at least a decent cloak
of facts to veil their ignorance. Something is required which no
one at present has exactly supplied.
« « « «
Mr. Justin McCarthy's, in many respects, admirable volume
now brings " *>'r oun Times " up to date, and there are other
bandy books c ",such as Messrs. Adand and ICinsome's,
firing dironol ^ la of events, iiut they do not entirely
Mee t the case. Whjit is wante<l is a compendium of information
on apocial subjects— E<lucation,I<abour, Agriculture, the Church,
Ac. — and on >!|>e<'ial countries all over the world, jireceded by a
rhronicle of i".|iti.nl events, an<l furnished with an exhaustive
index. Tlio !■• t, of course, might require to be thrown
into a se[iarat ' A very large number of persons wonld,
we are an t "t such a work, and the only difficulty that
mggesU iinexion with it is the necessity of re-editing
it erery t.<u or tnreo years.
•
The iry zest with which the English public have
read Ix>. .'s " Korty-one Years in India '' is *hown by
the fact that it uiis first pnblishc<1 at the beginning of January
in the prmmt yt>»r, and the 21 »t of September saw its 2:ird
~ ' <â– <" rate of 'lee editions a month,
'• fnittd ition and the Indian
f ouioii. I . . <lition, in i;r,iiii(,- lyje for the use <.f the
blind, is aJao I.
• « • «
A new edition of Mr. Walter Thombtiry'* well-known Life of
J. M. W. Tiim«r liai !• ^r». Chatto and
WiiMliis. The book waf -02, and its very
•zhaottivo troatmetit of lunitr, not '^nly l'j an aitist, but as a
man, roused a good deal of controversy among the more devoted
admirers of the artist. It has loon eonsideiably enlarged and
recast since then, and it now contains eight coloured illustrations
after Turner's originals — rather a bold, and not wholly successful,
embellishment to the volume.
* « «
Mr. Ce<lnc Chivers, in starting last your his " New IVo-k
List " made far the best attempt to produce a really
UFoful bibliography of current literature that we have yet seen,
containing a monthly list, with tho fullest possible details of
each ]iulilication, and occasional explanatoi-y notes, arrangoil
alphabetically acconiing to authors' names, each entry being
numbered. An ainhalxtical subject and title index in tho
middle of tho booK referring tho student to these numbers
enabled him to find at a moment's notice not only tho particu-
lars of any book published during the month, but also whether
during that period a book has been published by a particular
author or on a particular subject.
• « •
This numbcringof tho books, as Mr. Chivers says," enables us
to compile and issue cumulative indexes at any do^ircd periods "
and *' acts as a code for ordering books at any time." At tho
end of the year these monthly parts are bound up together into
annual volumes, with a new index, under the title " New
Catalogue of Hritish Literature." We are sorry to see that in tho
October List which Mr. Chivers has sent us he obandons the con-
tinuous alphabetical list according tonuthor8,uiiddivide8thobook8
according to subjects, tho list of which is somewhat arbitrarily
chosen, and docs not, for instance, include " biography " as a
separate heading. This very nnich impairs tho usefulness of tho
book as a means of rapid reference, and tho more so as we aro
not told on which page the ditTerent lieadings will bo found, and.
although wo are promised a " cumulative author and subject
and title index," it is not bound up with the Octolxu- New
liook List.
• « «
Early next year is to bo published by tho Cambridge
University Press a Facsimile Kdilion of the Greek and Latin
manuscript of the Four Gospels and Acts of the Apostles, ]ire-
served in tho Cambridge I'niversity Library, an<l goneially
known as Codex Bezae or Codex I). M. Paul Dujardin, of
Paris, will photograph the pages of tho manuscript and engrave
them on copfier by the process known as " heliogravure."
» « «
The Fragment of Aquila, which Mr. F. C. Kurkitt recently
unearthed in the Cambridge I'niversity Library, will bo pub-
lifhed by tho Cambridge University Press. Mr. Ituikitt himself
will edit it, and Dr. Taylor, Master of St. John's College, will
probably write an excursus or ai)pendix.
» • «
The
Antiouary's Library " of Messrs. Elliot Stock, which
began with Mr. M. G. Watkins's useful " Gleanings from the
History of the Ancients," follows it uj) with " Sculptured
Signs of Old London," by Mr. Philip Norman, a book which was
published some years ago at a high price. Mr. H. li. Whoatloy
writes a preface to the nook. A number oi other volumes aro
! announced, the first two being "Tho History of Fairs," by
' Cornelius Walford, and "Tho Histt)ry of Folk-lore Relics of
Early Village Life," by G. L. Gomme.
It is a satisfaction to know that M. Paul Bourgot, whore
" V'oyageuscs " appeared only three or four weeks ago from tho
tresses of M. Aliihonse Lemerro, will oiler us a new novel " La
•amo Bkuo " in Novemlior, to lie published also by M. Lomorre.
.4nd it is a satisfaction, not merely because wo are to havo
another story from M. Bourget— this is tho third volume he will
have brought out this year : we had " llecomraencements " in
Moi'ch, and it is still selling like a new bfxik but Iwcause this is
the best possible assurance that the quarrel between him and
>I. Ijemerre is being arranged, if it bo not indeed entirely
scttlcl.
• « • •
M. Lemerre is also publishing a new novel by M. Kemy
St. Maurice entitled " Temple d'Amour " and three short storiis
" TroisNouvolles," by M. Marcel Provost whoso " Les iJemi-
Vierges," if the most jvipular, is not tho most distinguished
work he has done. At the beginning of tho year M. Lemerre's
name will figure on the title pages ot st< ries by M. I'atd Hervieu
(" Amitie ' to Im) published in March), by iJaniel L.
("Comediennes " for Febniary), by M. JI(innotain("L'Iin|
also for February, although we should have it at an earlier (i;:tv
October 30, 1897.]
LilEKATLKE.
if tho (iiithor worn not bu»y nt hi« po»t in Iiulu-China), by M.
Rono Maizurciy (" Mom rAinour "), and by M v,„ir.:
Thouriot, tlin now AcailfiniiMan wliom M. I<<iur|;i<t in •
wolooino lit tiio I'aliiiH MuKuriii (" Duuil do Vouvo,"
tratud volumo alio for Fubmary).
That oxcoodingly iiiefiil b<H>k by M. Jonoph Tuxt«, " Joan-
.laqueH KosRoaii vt Ivh OriRinoB don C'o*iiio|><ilitiauia Lit-
tcraire," piibliahod by Muhm-h. }{aobuttu a tMMik which
8hotild immodiately bu trannbitvd into 1' ' '
»tli«r illiiiitrntiong of thu inluToiit tin
fViitax mid f;oiiiu.s of tbo Kroiicb lnnniiaf;o. > . .i.^ â– . .-i^,,^
'lhoii)^ht>i," ill Uio laxt cuiitury, iiiadu fur tbiH ruanoii uu in-
orodi)>lo impi'osHioii ill FraiU'O. VoiiH)' was i-umi .u. .1 I.. Il.in. i
and.'Ksohyliisaiid riiidiir. Kwii in Italy tho "
enjuyod hardly loss ooltbiity. Tito Kroncli
tends to olirniiinto the provincialism in tho work of an Kngliih
or Oormnn writer. And this is partly iHioar.so, as Itunan con-
fosRos in the profaoo ;)f his *' L'Avonirdo la Soionco " (Calmnnn
JjOvy), French cannot readily express certain ideas which a siibtlu ,
writer is tomptod to make it express. Tho Frcnth | n'est
/Its Fiani-itU i.M the |H'tnlunt testimony to tho Frei n for
cloarnoss to which Ronan had -at fiist against hisuiii to sub-
rait.
» • » •
Uon^ Le Olero, tho young poot whoso suicide made such a
painful impression in Paris during tho early part of this month,
was not without talent. I nlmppily. ho had 1 e<'onio reduced t>
absolute destitution while wuitiiij; for the huccoh which never
eauic. and it was misery wlueh |irompte<l him to take his lifu.
Tho following are some of his verses : —
UEQlfclE A NOEL.
Point ne veiix p.\iitins ni |ioupves,
Ni fanfrolucheA, ni l>ijoux ;
Bon .It'sud, RunU' ti's joiijoux
l*i'Ur li'ii itmefl tnoecup^cN !
Mtts lUiis men saliot do Noel
l,o jruiip cspoir iiui nous fait libre,
Mt t4 l« tli'iiir profoiiil dc rivrt*
Et U Hour qui tlvurit uu riel !
M''t* 1#» di'-'Uin profond din nKK,
I . .
Mcls rcsprit factioe ct railleur
(Jui fitit uubiier la KtitilTniiicr,
Met»-y surtout line espCTanCB
Ell quelque cliosc do mcilltur '.
Mrts ror.;ucil dn la fantai^ie,
T.e cnunipo — rnre pirfui« —
De poursuivr« une >H<nne tii*
La route quo I'un a choisie !
Mi'ts lo Buocis ilaiiii Ira rllorts.
Lo travail, sanA souci ni doutp.
Kt, coninic etoile siir tax rout«,
L'orgucil simple qui fait lea furta !
* « « •
The visit of tho King of Siiim to tho Guimct Museum has
called attention to tho founder of this Museum of Relijjions.
M. Emilo Guiniet was horn at Lyons in 183C. Ho has been a
great traveller, and has visited Africa, America, Cliina, Jaiian,
India, Ac. Having a considerable fortune, ho brought back
with him most vnluablo artistic collections and objects of all
kinds with which to found a Museum of Koligions. This most
inttTOsting museum ho made over to tho city of Paris, but he
still continues to watch over it himself with tho greatest care.
M. tiiiimot is also a musician and a writer of much talent.
Ho has noted down his impressions ,of various countries in
tho following Iwoks :— " Croquis Kgyptiens," " Aiiuarelles
Afrioainos," " Promenades Japonaises," " ICsquisses tjciindi-
naves," &c.
The city of Lyons seems ever ready to stretch out a helping
hand to literary aspirants, and wo now hear that a committee
has been formect there on very original lines. The meml>ors of this
eommittoo consider that the writers of to-day t.iko up too many
ditroiont branches. Voiing writers, for instance, are frequently
conipolle<l to take up what pays, whilst tho divino spark of their
particular genius has to go on smouldering within them for
years, or, lierhaiw, for ever ; and tho world is undoubteiUy tho
loser thereby in the end. This Lyons committee proposes that
other committees should l>o formed in France, ea<-h one of which
shall patronize some specially -determined class of literature, and
Uiwivrtake to rtiiiuiivrata tho i
take to rt'iiiiiiivrato tho y<
.f it... 1 , ,1 >. ,.,■.•:., I Ti .
61
it
«Miuuiitl««) la ui>, Kue ThuiiiiiaMkiu, L>uua.
• < •
St.
ml
t-.
wl.
in'
tth'>»u
are so V.
M- 'â–
• •li»U." BOW I _
M.t at! (yi'intriw
•«y.
ii.f-
• li.., :, ,.
I^'jt Guuux " aiiU " Mano
:ii:u1i' liv (he Ttur d'Aumola
• ry.
aiHl l,4lM tnauuacricU, aiuouula tn
lo.
• « •
;.. . f> ,..^.._.„i ..I., ..^,.. -.
w
It
1..
til' â– < oi Henr\- II
til' -nvrr. It" Ix'
fai
IM'
li<
Tl:
•mi ine I'.i
bookseller,
upon tho I-
acquire<l it ^
»n«i o"" ■! I
irly
i(o.
. in
lUi
on
:.'U
III
II l>-
I a
i..'i-l I.ATO
his librsry ;
dli
I ill
.1. .An
\ti, on r
Tl.
the It
Pksquaie \
It is a crit:
and of V
polin.
merit »..
difference w
public life ;i '
private life. M.
that he allowed
was not only ex.
same nuinlwr, b<.
{Militica and thu l-'ranc ' Kussiau
attention both in Italy and in utl
lodgments a ' t-
welcome it
indication tii.ii in i.n^iaiKi Lhu j<>.iiii»iiiiiiii>'-:i'>iitiv^ lu'i.^-iuuitw
is not dissociated from culture and literary studies."
• '• • •
The first number of a new Italian review was published on
tho 1.*>th inst. It is entitled /" " ' i e Lttteraria, and
has its oflices at 3, Via Marco >' u.
* •• * •
Tho third volume of Mr. Temple Scott's edition of tho
" Prose Works of Jonathan Swift " is in the press, and will be
ready early next year. It \i to irr!"<l<» nil th<- writings «>f tho
Dean which dealt wit' ' •• to
follow will i-ontain S-,^ urs.
The Irish ti a !•.•
extremely '-'
editions of . ' mru
them with •• ! caro
of George I- ^ .V.C.
Mr. Pavid Nutt will
Caxton's translation of " 1:
an aomrato reprint of
vu.>v<'ii a iiuM^-Mtiiviii ,.1 i. x." It will be prefixed
by an exhaustix'e introduction tr^ lu the pen of Mr. Joseph
Jacobs, who will trace tho intricate literary history of this
remarkable story.
62
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 1897.
In the Pn>fi«« to th© " Poems of the Ix)ve and Prido of
Bngluid," which Measr*. Wani and Look an' al><<ut to iiistie,
edited by Mr. Frwli-rick Wodmoro nr' ' '-' .1-.. .l.i.r. Mr.
WadoMire comments on the comi<ara-. ir as
»nthi>Iv>L'Io» aro o>iiii m. .1 of •' niiv IIIIJ in
I oxplaiiMinn, that,
iration of tho oppo-
»it' > '>m all ruconlod tiini' ; . ■■; nate lovo of
K' • in h«>r jiorfurmancos, is ,.ii . 1. r of i\t most
t - ikinfj further ot tho iiiontal atti-
t "in cortain corners of Knglanii,
• s ago, Mr. Wedmoro contrasts
It is so much inuro clinractor-
iatici. '- that a hook of English
patri<': rhangoti circumstnnceH, a
■eedfui ■•C1I.1U...I.I. 1.1.1. Ml .1'. r.^'i . .< e in reminding younii; and
old " what an inheritance is ours, and what au obligation ! '
• • « «
The poems nf Ttidar Aled, the last of the monkish bards of
Wales, w) -a 1(VJ7, hare been prepared for tho |>ress hv
Mr. J. H. 1 him-oln's Inn, and Mr. (Jwenoi;vryn Evans.
Mr. Daries, i:. of a recent visit to the roni.irth
Library, will bi .is to.xt on tho Peniarth MS. I'lC,
which was written u'jout tliL' time of the author's death.
The Literary Section of the Guild of Graduates of tho Welsh
^-..; — .:... i.,.o announced their intention of issuing a series of
r. ing mainly of rare Welsh books published in
T -. .rt times. A completo edition of tho works of
Mo:jri I.Siry.l I I'V.'O-IGJI)), by the Wanlen of tho Guild (Mr.
T. K. Kill', M.l' ;, is in an advanced stage of preparation.
A volume of Welsh lialUds, by Mr. Ernest Uhys, will be
nady by the middle or end of November. Tho publisher will bo
Mr. Sptirrell, of Carmarthen.
• •« * «
Mr. Cyril Davenport has nearly completed the series of
ilj.i. »...,»,..,,, which he has been for some time preparing to illus-
t.-^ ".antor Lectures, on the origin and art of bookbinding,
w t . il,Ii\.r in January next. Tho lectures will \>o
<i 'US Oriental, Medieval, and Modem,
an . .1 section thoroughly roiirusentativo Mr.
DftVDOport liaa been at cor.siderablo pains to procure the very
fineai examples in existence. Great ditliculty lias been oxpo-
rienoed in ro;^rd to tho Oriental bindings of the 15th and lOth
centuries, most of which aro covere<l with a thick glaze or
vmmi8h,p"- loh a hanl and brilliant surface as to render
it impossil ograph tho designs. It has, thoref<ire, boon
: ail to copy tl. ' s in block .ind white, and
I them, subso<i :i|)leting the photographs
IB the '^i.-<\ in the origiu;ii». .-<oiiio idea of tho time and
labour in this process m.iy bo gained from tho fact that
«re«t>l. ;. .,uarto binding has to bo exactly copied in every
detail on a lantern slide only 3^ inches long and 2 inches wide.
Mr. Gweno^rrrm
<l*to seven !
type facsit!
of Harel lAla is m.
•11 the negatirea for
M8. (eirc4k V. -' '
thU MS..
Mr. Henrj-
•atotype J.
Talieain, w
pected.
K%-ans, of Oxford, will issue at an early
'lumcs of old Welsh texts. An auto-
f W.l-h MS. (rirra 1200) of tho Laws
•lio press at Oxford, and
ilo of the oldest Latin
isQ been taken. The text of
u translated into English by
:i t« priiit4.-d iinmediatoly. An
-!• vellum jiaper of the Book of
v>...i. by Mr. Evans, may shortly be ex-
Probably towbrda the end of next year Messrs. Boll and
SoM will issoe the ••'■■' Id's " lUi-
Arcbiteot' hoon pub-
.^ I nor, and will
re anil Art." Mr.
.. ..,1.. ,. !.;„!, ^.„
t.wth
liahwl. It will
hmr the title
Prior, l»--.;i.!nri
of Kn^:
tbatoi Northerr
to indppendont
gwniiu
oonsia'
from the actual i
Tom,
and
lonnl
Msnt. Tlis illuttratioiis to tho work will
.rawing! by Mr. Gerald Horsley, exocutod
xamples.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
THE NORTH-WEST FUONTIER OF INDIA.
The following list of books does not include works bearing on
tho advance of Russia in Asia, or on " The Kustern Question, "
in so far as it includes thu relations of Knirlaiul und Rus.sia
on tho Indian border. It inoludus only works bearing on the
relation of tho llritinh Empire in India to neighbouring tribes,
and works descriptive and historical about tho country and jwoplo
of tho North-Woat Frontier : —
General : —
OrR IxDiAN Pkotectorate, an Introduction to tho Study of
tho Kolatiuns between the Uritish Government and its Indian
Feudatories. By C. L. Tupper, I.C.S. 18lt3.
Hansard's PAnLUMKXTABV Dkbates. May and Aug., 1893,
Aug., 1894.
I'noBLKMR OF Gkp..itrk IJkitain. By Sir C. W. Dilko. 1890.
India. By Sir John Strachoy, G.C8.I. New and Revised
Edition. 1«1>4.
In-dia's SriESTiFic Fboniieb. By Col. H. B. Hanna, 1895.
(Indian Problems Series.)
India ani> iikk NKioiinouKS, and Ocb ScisNTirio Fbontieb.
By Sir W. P. Andrew, 1878-1880.
Asiatic Nkiohuoi'r.s. By S. 8. Thorbum, Bongal C.8. 1894.
Eni:ii.sh Colonization- akd E.vipire. By A. Caldeoott.
(University Extension Manuals.) 1891.
Tho Frontier Wars. — A few out of tho enormous number of
volumes published on these wars, especially the later ones, may
be mentioned : —
Fobty-xine Years is Ixdia. By Lord Roberts. 1897.
The Relief of Chitbal. By Captains G. J. and F. E. Young-
husband. 1896.
The Ciiitkal Campaion. A Narrative of Events in Chitral,
Swat, and Bajour. By H. C. Thomson. 18!)5.
Thbbb Campaiuxs in Afohakistan. Lt. C. G. Robertson.
1881.
The Afchax Wabs, 1839-12 and 1878^0. Archibald Forbes.
1892.
HisTOBY OF the War IN Apohakistas, 1838-1842. By Sir J.
W. Kayo. 3 vols. 1878.
The Afoiian Campaioks of 1878-30. By S. H. Shadbolt. 2
vols. 1883.
Descriptive and Historical.
The ThinEs and Castes of the Nobth-West Provinces and
OiDH. By W. Crooko. 4 vols. Calcutta. 1896.
The Nortii-We.st Pbovinces of India, their History, Ethno-
logy, and Administration. By W. Crooke. 1897.
The Indian Empire. By Sir W. W. Hunter. 189.3.
The Impkuial Gazrteer of India. My Sir W. W. Hunter.
2nd Ed. 1887. [See Vols. I., VI., X., XL]
The Heart of a Continent. A Narrative of Travels in
Manchuria across the Gobi Desert through the Himalayas, tho
Pamirs, and Chitral. 1884-94. By Capt. F. E. Younghusband.
1894i.
The Kafir.s of the Hmnoo Kush. By Sir G. R. Robertson.
1896.
Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh. By Major J. B. Biddulph.
1880.
Abbidomknt of the History of India. By J. Clark Marsh-
man. New Edition, issued after the author's death. 1893.
.\fghaniHtan : —
History of Afohanistan to 1878. By Colonel 0. B.
Malloscm. 1882.
A Short History of India, and of tho Frontier States of
Afghanistan, Nijial, and Buraia. By J. Talboys Wheeler. 1880.
Across the Bobdeb, or Pathan and Biluch. By E. E. Oliver.
1890.
The Chitral Relief Expedition. 1895. Photographic Views
taken during the advance of thu Relief Force under General
Gatacre. By Sergoai^Major Dovolin. 1896.
See also : —
The Statesman's Year Book.
The QfARTr.iiLY Review. Vol 176.
The Ahiatii; Qi-abteblt Review. Apr., 1894 : Jan., July,
and Oct., 181»r>.
The United Sekvici Maoazixk. July, 189B.
October ov, 16'J7.j
LITERATURE.
03
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ARCH/EOLOOY.
The Ruins nnd Kxoavntlons
or Ancient Rome. Iiv /â– '.
/^tnrnnti, H .'liln.. xiil. -. (hJI |tp.
liOiuluii and Nu\%' Vnrk. ISUT,
Miu-iiiillan. IfW,
Efrypt Exploration Fund :
Ai-ohieoloKlcnl Ro|>ort,l800-
97. Willi M.i,.,. Ity K I..
llriO'UhH, .M..\. Ill • .Hill,. 70 li|i
Lnniluii unci lliiKton, Idt!.
KPKnn I'liul. di. 6<I.
The RollquRry and Illus-
tnatod ApchasoIOKlst. Il\ .'.
Jlom'llu Allrii. K.S.A. loj • Tilii..
SM |ip. Luntlun nnil Itorby. IM!.
Ik'iiirutw. 1:^4. net,
ART.
T1>e Magazine of Apt. Itltio-
tmU-il. .Miiy toOololMT. lilx»lln..
viii. t :IIH pp. Loiiiluii, I'uriN, ntid
Mcllwiiriu'. I.W.
(iwtoll. 10«. fid.
Lire and Work or W. Q.
Opchapdson. R.A. ily Jmiirit s.
I.ittlf. lOirisiiiiJi-^ niinilicr nf till*
.\rt .\iiimal.) i:il liiiiii., 31 pp.
IaiiiiIuii, 1K!I7. Vinuc. in, tld
BIOQRAPHY.
Philip II. of Spain. Dy Mnrtin
A.KIhim,-. .i.,'.!!!!., x..^ai7pp.
Loiidoti mill Ni-'\v York. lK!t".
.Miirinlll.'in. 'l-. M.
The True Qoorge Washing-
ton. Hy I'aul Ford. SJxSJln..
31!t pp. Lunduii. mn.
Upplncott. 7c. Od.
The Lire of Bishop Maples. I)r
//m SisI, r. » .ijlii.. vili. i va PI).
Ltiiuloii, ISUr. l.nM^inaiis. 7h. (Jd.
Life of K. B. Pusey, D.D. Vol.
IV. by //. J\ lAililoii.Stxain.. x\l.+
461 pp. London, 1S<.>7.
LongrmnnH. IS.*^
Vepdl : Man aad Musician. By
h'riil'-rii-k Croin.il. ill Nliiii., xlv.+
SW pp. Liiiulnn. ISirr.
Jiilin .Miliio. 7i<. Od.
Mapy Quocn of Scots : from licr
liirlTi 1 hiiiil.
Ily />.' .Vii!
pp. I.' -.fid.
Life of Roddy Owen, llr //iVi
.SiWrr. .V.I I Uorill. and (7. /l. Ai<k-
iritll. SJx.iiiii., vii. -; -.^a pp. T.OI1-
doii, I8a7. Jliimiy.
Ollvep Cpomwell. TJr Rnlirrt F.
Ifortiin, D.n. 7i>'>li".. 34.i pp.
I.uiiiluii. 1S'.>7. J. t'larkc. 'M. lid.
Martha Washlng'ton. llr Annr
J/ollin'_isw:trth It'horton. (u'oiiu'n
of (.'oitinial nnd Krvoliitlonnry
Tinuw ill Amoric'ii.l WiUi rnrtrrtll.
'Ixain., xiv.+3UBpp, Ix>iidon. ItiW.
JIurrny. 5h.
AVIIIlam the Silent. Ky
l't-,u>, fir Htnvlsnn. 7| x.'t^^iii..
\ ii. Jiil) pp. Ijtindon nnd Now
York, 1S;)7. .Mai-niilliui. Cs
TheThreeCrulkshanks. Illns-
Initnl by Isiuic (u'oixr and Itobort
('niik.<ibunk.('oiiipilod by KMarrh-
vtnnt. S| \Hin., xvii M"2S pp. I.on-
dun. ISSI7. Spi'ni'or. 8s. M.
The Letters of Elizabeth
Brownlntr. IMit.iI. witb llio-
jjraphiiMl iiii Frcttcrick
Krni/oti. \\ '.^. ii vol-*.
7; .*»lin., \. : pp. l.<>n-
don. I."i!l7. Smiih. l.lilir. l.'w. not.
My LonsLlfe. Hy Mtiri/Cowttcn
Ctarkr, {\n Autobioicrapliic
SkcliW. Sw. Kd. 7x.Mn., a»p|i.
London, IStT. Unwln. 3s. fid.
CLASSICAL.
Tho Works of Xenophon.
Vol. HI. Pail II. Uy tlAI.I>ukvn«.
>I..\. 7rv:.lin.. fxxvii.- »|j pp.
London nnd N'l'W York. 1WI7.
Mai'iiillbui, IOh. Od.
Eplctotus. '.' vols. ,SJ>.71in.,
;iJe< r Uit) pp. London, IMC
IlHUipbrcy^.
EDUCATIONAL.
Italian Sell
Self TauK
Tausht.
7t^<{lM. L
-
. Od.
each.
Tl-
Cup Boys.
â– /KH,
8<.'>iln., INI 1
lioVl.M
'U'lM- 1 -. .
FICTION.
BPV..I'
/.
1-
lit
1 pp.
(Vl.
Chlppupee. Ilv
81a«11ii., 17 pp.
I.oinlt'it, 1^ *.
jiv.
Clear
Waters. liT
.'/(/r. 7J " Mn., «.
f'^'f'If^'Xi'W!
AC-
r- T"--'l r-
The Wltoh ^^
Tytkr. 71 X ilia..
1!«7. Clintto nil
Concern 1'i
Hv /•
pp. 1.
S«K5Pe*iPV to I
By ir. Vrtt Hill.:
pp. I.,oiHlun. 1S!I7.
Tho Chronic!*"!!
fher n '
^i.lirl
'I
The Flamp, and i
for Children.
51 slUin.. Ii>i pp. 1
(trant i\
Nethepdyke. Hy /.
.s..>Un.. vi. ^yifipp.
New York, IS97.
.M.
The Lk'
llelmi
pp. 1..
Loiitttui
Arnold.
of Jov*.
f. s :>jin..
The King with T
M. J-:. <Q,ri,tpi: .-. . ,
Uiiidon nnd Now York, Ivul.
Arnold.
Jol- •'
Hy
pp.
fiN.
LS
Leohlnvap. liy
»)<l|ln., 4«7 |>p. I'
The VIcap of Lar .
!-'■ir' „. 7
I
IloibU'.-
A Dauchtep of Strife. Ily
Jitnr IT. fiHiUnlrr. > .â– .)ln., SU
pp. Ixiiidon. I.SU7. Miduii'ii. IV>.
Clovls Dapden?' '
I'l-m. 71 <.'i'ln. .'
Ihli7.
Katheplne Cromep. l<y Htlm
f'rtirrn. 8 - .'"Jin., S3I )ip. Ixndoii,
IWr. Inia-^. *(•«.
Miss Mouse and Hop Boys. Ry
.Wm. Molmtrnrth. 7i • .Mn.. I!«t pp.
lAindon and New York. 1SU7.
Mni-inlllikn. 1h. fill.
By
pp.
Our PayliiK
( â– . Tcrrvt. .'
IM»7.
The Mllllonalpe of Papkeps-
vllle. Ilv .w.ir-A-./Mrn.../ 111. isiii..
liU pp. Uiii' ' " ' •■•'17.
^ u.
rnk
Ion,
.fid.
I'les rtovdant.
/, S.v.'.Jln., Ml
fri.
M.P.
. »<
. tt. (j*..
of Chrlsto-
I'.I.
Imi.
nnd
tin.
Br
3M
Dauarhtcra of Th •
JliiX^rrlykf. .•*,■>;:
don. IS!t7. ."^imiiki l.tr>.;..ul. li..
At the Cross Roads. Hr K
.l/o/;.'ir.vHr.
don. Ii$t7. < <
Cupid's G ' '
Fmrtrr, 8>-Ji'i:i.. :!•_■:^;'. I.<'""l.'ii,
1M»I7. t n-<ill. liK,
B!ir*>r'"'T ^^""■•v.o.'..-. It. t:^ori]
I pp.
! ■^ U«.
Throutli L ndows.
Ut »I". ./. 1> i.. viii.
zii ]':•■I.""'
lIo<ldc:-.i:;ii Su.iiI;ton. i-.
Do..
I,
. ( 1 '.r. â– /
pp. Londt
Suwanc
.
ta
II,.,,;
m. W.i
K
./.v.,
I>i.'il
Th.
1
I
Th.
(.
a....
Rob
1
Th.
;
hy
pp.
Roy.
House
bles. II
Of
Li.i
I'l
The
Oa
Quo Vadls.
Till.- •■! -
.s
1
Va!
\
I
Th.
/
I
Th.
/
J;...r . -
XII pp. London nn.i
Mei-'
I
1
iam In
»/ni.
Timothy's Quest.
M'ipi'i". CJxijin.. iM ii>. Lon-
don. IHC. Uny and Hlnl. U.
Stoi'
Quaint Nant .
H. HIi--
Bo*tou
'- lis*. By
9-.JUn..
n. II.W
Ths Ht^tr Man,
ItilU'
Th« «..
OM
:.. • d'une Amc
. nln. 7 • «tln.. i:*
Ij^^r. t*alnMnn 1.4\>. 1-.. ....-'
The Wpestler of Phlllppl. I>v
Tub. i\,. ^5.. tk!.
Fop the Flag. Krom fh^ rtrtirh
at JiiKm Vcnw. I'
TJ-SlIu.. vil.iSl-'
IST
Caiv
V
I
r.
llr
The Coil
Skid.
1 Hio-.
ot, ioM.
Arrowaanltli. U
i.l -V«:« Y..rk. l'<r.
MaomUlan. <>.
%
oon, 1"^'.
Horrka and Paton. Sk M.
V^avsrlev Novels. 2 rolx Ily
'l«p|c w e«.
The Bride of Lammepinoor.
Rambles In P
llinrnfr, •.
I'-C. ...
The Flf- . ,1^
iCSTT
.^i.tl.-. an.i ..:n>iu |.a. iiiioitnUkia*.
»]x71n.. xU.-inpp. Loodaa, Mr.
I _T>«i». m'.t/Lntt.
PljBt.. . : . Uy Jfr».
\ T i« pp.
I L iU. Dct.
OEOLOOY.
' The Foundrrs of Oeology. Hy
Sir A. iita;. Si pp..
London rk. uw.
NlacmUfaui. *«.
HISTORY.
' Ugollno e Michelo Verlno:
Modi Ili.vn»r . t ..nui-
btitlo alla^t..: .^iriioln
^'irvna''. Mv ^..--ori.
S>o,. -.V
, f*.
HIstorv v
or<
/•
»!
Thr
ar
.s*
!■«.. ' .
TheCentuHr-
.*â– â– ' n*>l*.i-
f.T Tin
Id'fiiin. ..
Od.
64
LITERATURE.
[October 30, 189-
Le AaslounulonlConsldarat*
â– otto I'Aapotto Ourtdloo-
MBtaMtaatadioTccwtcoPmttca
n Oot nell'
A. f. i«
"Th* Prim
l<\ If />•
U'lM. >,. -•
HmradansCoH
llv It. JUcinu/rr
aKSHa., Ixxvl.
T :-"-â–
Prin
1. ny
VIU.+
AUrn. IlKSd.
i>.k<a «CT RondllUF.
•o pp.
tubar,
.1 n.-t.
LavengTv.
.N.wucf. '^6d.
:-ary Studies. By Joieph
: liin., xxlv. + 19S pp.
: -iV Xutt.
N'limVirr I.
Sppctatop.
Ttxiln., xxiz.-fMJ pp. Ixindon,
Utr. Itrnt. 24k. the aeL
(rJoM only in wtx of s vols. I
MontalKne and Shakspere.
JJv John M. Iti'Krtson. Ua jlin.,
ids pp. Luiidon. I.H97.
Inivcrsity ProDS. 611.
•L'----— '^--^phlet•. WyEmtitt
ijin.. 278+273 pp.
I, . , t Mil and Co. .S«. cnrh.
T.-ia Ethics of Bpownlncr**
Poems. J*v Mr". I*< rr/j J^.ukt.
Jx«Jin., IMi.p. Uuirton. l.S<(7.
Gnint I:i<'lmnK 21. 6d.
MATHEMATICS.
Theopetloal Mechanics. An
Irttn*!'!'-*<'r>- Tn-'i'i-- *'M the PHn-
,<.
Krll'i" .i .KtlinH
< ollcfCC I II., xlv.
-t ITS i»p. 1
I uy. lai.
MEDICINB.
II Concetto W della
AutodlfesaO ontpo
leMalattlo: )' Uvi
Medical Hints fop Hot
Climates, lit rhnrlm Uraton,
M.l). :i iln..xll. • 1:A pp. l.<.n-
Ana and C'«lrutU, 1(V7. Thacker.
MILITARY.
Amo
MM de
II f
Knd.
•■•
Kr..1.>l
Thpl
. •
iHnshl-
'7.
.1.
1lllt«ry
:. » 4iir
Ufa. Ily
M^'ft'
... i ....
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Enirllsh Sta^e. Hy
•.i:.-! ,'..! f.'..|I|
r .
Tie Enfiisr
PpMStlcal Building Construc-
tion
(tmci
ofSeiaaot-.
(txaili.. xi!
Oesta TypoBT«ph'o* ; <"■■"
.M<..lUy f..r lYliitorH umll) llioix. Hy
«*<ij«. Jiicobi. 7^4Jln.. 1X1 pp.
London. 1W7.
Klkin MntUicnii. Sit. (hi.
Chronicles of the Bank of
England. Hy H. II. Turnrr.
8 » 5|ln.. xll i aw pp. l-»nd»n and
New York. Sonnonnchcin. ih. Od.
*,' (1e VIvre. Par
>«(. 71 X Din.. 310
\rniand Colin. Kr.XSO.
firt
Pl>.
Am*
'OS to
If.
Voyageu s e s . I'ar Pntil liournrt.
iXuiv (Mitiuii. 7xi)in., JX) pp.
l>iiriis 18U'.
Alphonsc Lomerro. Kr.3.S0.
Majftc
litl.-
U. Kvrtitf.. M..-t*iia..
400 UlUHtratiuns. I»ii
Bplttsh Museum. C'atnloKue of
I*rinl<><l H<MikK. (Shakcxpcarc.)
\ U >. lOiin.. 2ai PI). Londun. IXSI7.
\ C'iowcs.
The Love Affairs of Some
Famous Men. Ity tlio Ki-r. K
J. Iliirdy. 7i ^.'>ii•^■. xx. + »41 pp.
lx)iidoii, isi7.
Ki^hcr I'nwin. fit*.
Blakey and Armstponf Ouns.
Bv //. C. UUikry. W Titln., ai pp.
London. 1W7. John Pliilliiw. 2H.<id.
La Famlg-lla e In '~ -i :
Studiii Kill liivm >. 1
Colo. 8vo.. 1!M pp. N
l.uiKi I^ior;-". J..'"" lire.
Oil Infortunl sul Lavoro e la
LofiTffe. liii t'tn-lo I-\i-rftrts. 4to.,
n« pp. ItoliK'. 1MI7.
The Ooldflelds of Klondyke.
Hy John If. Lfomiril. SA^Jin.,
216pp. London. isy7.
KiilitT Inwin. .V. M.
Marriage Customs In Many
Lands. liy /.'i r. //i/'.7n"jj.s<);i. !i .
ijin., xii.+:W8 pp. I^rfrndon. 1H!I7.
Hofli'y. 1(K Cd.
The Fla««of the^Vorld ; llioir
HiKlory. Hlazonry. nnd ,\««o«*ia-
tinnn. ' Hy F. Efh'rard ffiilmr. 7} <
.•VJin.. 2(1 plato?*. Ii2 pi>. London and
.Now York. Warnc. Gs.
An Introduction to Folk-lore.
Ky Marian Cox. 71> 5iin., 344 pp.
London, 1887. Null. 3m. ed.
The Rivers of Oreat Britain.
i:{ ' loin., vlii, .ITii pp. l/ondon,
l"ari% and Mi;ll>oiirnc. 1*7.
Burdett's Hospitals and
Charities, ily /I. UunMt. 7ix
.'liin.. UIG pji. Ixmilon and Now
York. Tlic.'<(ionllHc I'rww. ta.
MUSIC.
4ir2pp. Ixmdon and I'liiladelpliia
IW. DcnU 2S«. not."
Oaetano Donizetti : Numrrn
f niro nid Prinio < '( nli-niirio d^'lla
HIM Nawila, niK-lter " ■•'■'■•wi-
niil«. 4l<i.. 4)t pp. I' c.
InxtituU) llalianod
PHILOSOPHY.
Philosophic Lectures and Re-
mains of Richard Lewis
Nettleshlp. Hy .1 '. //r</ .//.;/.
:< vain. Itl'^in.. Ivi.^lMpp. Ixin-
don and Now York. imr.
Miu-niillan. 17".
A Dlf. ' ' .. \r.
Il>
i';i 1 1.
The Works ofOeorse Berke-
ley. Vol I. Hv /Jr/irtf ^iimnftfn.
wV' •- — -■' • • • ■■•.
Til. i\
7J-.
The Subconscious Self, and itH
iiid Health.
1 I). 8x51ln.,
lir.iul lailianU. .In. Ikl.
Hallucinations nndllluslons:
A Sii!. I'.n'iip-
tion. 1 -Jin.,
xlv.
W ulti r .â– <. ott. On.
Sleep, Ita PhysloloiTT. PntholoitT,
llytoono, and r ' ' v. liy
.\faHc (/<â– Mil .''in..
vlll.<3llpp. III. .iidon,
I.SSI7. Will:. r.~. i.ii. >. («i.
Essays of Schopenhauer.
Tran«latod hy .V™. Kuilalf Dirckn.
7>4Jin., xxxiv. fJ'.'l pp. Scolt
Libran". Ixiiidon. l.'«(7.
ScotU iH. Od.
POETRY.
PoentS. Hy Mnltliiax nnrr.
7J>.6Jin., 21)3 pp. I.,ondon, 1897.
llarr. fi«.
Poems. Ht Ororpf Cookunn.
7i .'liin.. viu.4 10l pp. London.
1S!I7. InncM. 4s. (id.
A Book of Verses for
Children. Hy Kilirant f. l.iirtts.
71>:5Jln., xii.-t3IS pp. London,
18U7. Urant KichanlH. tJH.
Collected Poems. Hy A 11.1! in
J>oh.toii. 73 X 'liin.. .Vi7 pp. I><indon,
lS!t7. ivf^an I*aul. tin.
May Carols ; or, AnclUa
Domini, and other Poems.
Hy Anhrcu de t'rrr. 7^.510..
xxxviii. + 421pp. I..ondon and Niw
York. 1SU7. Jlacniillan. 7«.ti<l.
The Poems and Sonnets of
Henry Constable. Hy ' linrlis
Jiickctl". m...iiiu.. lul pp. Luiidun.
18S7. 210 copies.
]IaU-on and ItiokcttK. £1 Ik.
PIdells and Other Poems. Hy
('. M. (>t titrnrr. 7 .â– liin., xii. 1 1*7 pp.
Londun. Ih1i7.
ConKtablp. Ss.fid. npt.
Realms of Unknown Kings.
Hy lAiurenff Toilrma. 7x4iTn.,
x£+78pp. London. IKK7.
Hii'hardx. 2rt.
The Coming: of Lovo. Hy Thro-
ttorr Wtitts-Uuiiton. 7Jx.'ii.in..
xi. -i^ Jfi.** pp. London and New
York. ISOv. John l>ane.
The Lady of the Lake. Hy .SiV
If. Sroll. SxSJln., xxx+2:i5 pp.
Ivondon. I.W.
Scnicc and Paton. 2h. fid.
Lays of Love and Liberty.
Hy Jnmr.t .Markrrcth. 8 vilili.,
\nll.4 in pp. London. 18II7.
f'tock. :)(i. M. ml.
Candlewlcks. A Yfarof ThoiiiflTtH
and Kamiw. liy Carolinr Tilbury.
8i x6}in., 'J6 pp. London, 1897.
8t<K:k. .5s.
Voices In the Twillffht. Hy
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TOPOGRAPHY.
History of the County of In-
verness (Mainland). Willi
map. County Hi 1.
Hy J. i'ainei'
xvlli. t37« pii. I'l
London, I8II7.
Hlaekwood. 7s, Od. net.
The Oldest Register Book In
the Parish of HawkBho>d,
in Lancashire 1508-17O.V. ( v
//. ,S. < iiirj>rr. \\ '<l' ••'■•'â–
ChanlerH an.i '
Ulx(ijiri.,clv.^ I
Ucrhy, l«B,'. He:
Edited by 5R. U. ffralU
Citcicituic
E J ' J ^X -T 1»J.
No. 3.— Vol. I.
SATUKDA^
CONTENTS.
Ijeadine: Article— TJjo Dominntinn of tho Nov<>l
"'Among my Books," by Ian Maclaron ..
Hevlews
Tin- I'oi'try of BurriM
Oporgc Mcrc<lith'H Pwms
Autobioffi-aphy of a Veteran
ivoie
it:>
HI)
70
Oostiip from a Miiiiinient Ro'om 71
Th<> Water of the Wondrous Isles Ti
Kiifflisli Henetlietines Ti
Histoire Contenijwraine : Le Mannequin d'Osier T.'i
Philosopliy of Knowledge 7.'i
Tjife of Kndyniion Porter "fl
KiiRlisli (^Innvh History 70
•Cliiiicse Characteristics and the Gist of Japan 77
Shakespeai-e, Piiritnn and Recusant 77
Romance of the Irish Stage 78
A Primer of Wordsworth 78
Le^nl Mac Swlnnoy on Mincs-Hunter'n Roman Lnw 70
Fiction -
<'aj>tains tlourageous ... SI
Ijochinvar S2
One of the Broken Brigade 82
T)i>r«'Hcta— By a Ilaii's Breadth— Claude Duval of
Ninety-flvo— Liuly Uosuliiid 83
Liav of Ijunlx'th— Broken Aivs -The Temple of Folly—
(ii'orgo Malcolm— A Creel of Irish Stories —The Fall
of the Spiurow SI & 85
Correspondence- The Novel— Historical Accuracy 85
Foreign Letters— France— Uu88ia—Unite<l SUtes 86, 87, & 88
Obituary The Oiiche.ss of Te<k— Henry George -Very
Uev. James Byrne Dr. Stoiik'hton— Ilev. T. E. Bn)wn 80
ITotes 90. 01. 02. OB. & 91
Bibliography— Nigciia 04
List of Books and Reprints 06 & 06
THE DOMINATION OF THE NOVEL.
On another pnfje of this Review we puhlish a letter
from a eorrps|M-)iult>iit who, in a strain of iH'rha|xs somewhat
<oo ironical liitterneiis, p;ive8 exprestiion to a feeling wliich
â– wo susjiect to be nowadays more often entertained than
jivowed. Not, indeed, that he is absolutely the first to
iiuike public avowal of it. A well-known critic and man
of letters delivered his soul on the subject, it may be
nMuembered, a year or so h'^o ; but his urbane complaint of
*' The Tyniiniy of the Novel,"' though it must have com-
manded, we should think, a good deal of assent in literary
quarters, failed to the best of our knowledge to provoke
any serious discussion. This indifference oa the part of
Published by Zkt timti.
sfxmfrv.
tlie victiniH of f
enough. No doii
I Id, of <■':•'
majority •• • ir
chains and bU>(tn the benevolent dMjiot under whoae ruin
our correHp'! - to groan. Ho far from brin;;
irritat«-4i or v the c««ele*« flow and fvrx-
increasing volume of contemporary fiction, they thank
their stara that they were Inirn in this age ofnoveU.
They are as grateful for that good fortune as they
are for liaving been bom in the ag(> of rteam and
the telegraph and the ]. * -^ «! of locomo-
tion and ease of commn ily more prizol
by them than ^heir inexlutustible supply of tho«t>
ingenious motlem appliances which nave them from
alwolute Ixiredom during their after-ilinner hour>< and at
the same time protect the integrity of their night's rest by
keeping them awake till bed-time.
The truth — and it is exi>1anatory of our corre-
spondent's state of mind — is that that comparatively small
class of person.-* who take books »<»riously as works of art,
who regani them a*! a jviinter regards a jwrtniit or a
musician a sonata, can seldom comprehend the attitude*
of those others, the overuhelming mass of mankind in all
ages, to whom a lx)ok is. like a bicycle or a mowing
machine, merely a cunning device of 'H for
getting rapidly and without fatigue throug:. . .i...ii work
(in this case the business of living), which without such
assistance would have to be much more slowly and
tiresomely i)erformed. To rt'sent this mn'*"^' '''-tic
view of books and their functions is, < ng
the situation and circm ,. »•!„, j,,,|,i n^
a little absurd. The i)r<>l ....... setters is always
too apt to forget that his own higher and more serious
intere.st in books is not wholly due to an in- ty
of taste, but that, to some extent, at anj. ......i>s
from the fact that the study of books is the business of his
life. It is, therefore, a« unre- :ik
scorn of the merchant or i.. in-
sensibility to literature as it woal 
