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VOL. VII. 



JULY 7 TO DECEMBER -21), 1!)00. 








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No. 142. SATURDAY, JULY 7. 1000. 



CONTENTS. 

 

HAnic 
NdTKS OK THE DaY 1, 2, .'< 

I'KusoNAf. ViKws -" History, Old and New" 4 

Wo.MKN I'dkts ok To-Day' 5 

'I'liK Dkcav ok Kaiii.k-Wiutino, bv a. T. Story 

TiiK DitA.MA. by A. n. Wallcley * 7 

A HlIir.KMIKAI'llY OF TIIK PARIS EXHIBITION (ColUpilfd 

by Mr. K. A. Reynolds IJiilll 8 

liKVIKWH — 

Diotioiuiry of Nntional Biography 9 

Volumes of Verse— 

The I'oeliciil \Vi)rk><of Mnlhlldn HHnd-Tho<'holrp of Aclilll.'^'- 
I'di'iiis for I'lcliirca— Drift -Till) Siityr—Kolciiio— The Struwnel- 
iwtcr Aliilmbcl 10, 11 

Mount aineei'in); — 

Tlin Asiimt of Mount Saint KIlaM -Tmvpls through the Alps - 
The Alps from Kiid to Knil ("hiimoiiix Zoririalt — Cycllnif in 

the Alps— Mounluirieerin;{ Ainont; the UiinaluyH^ ! 12, V.i 

Iluriiiu \:i 

The Oxford Texts 14 

Will- Hooks — 

.Mafi'kinfi — (icnerHl Macdonnlil — Yoxtcrdiiy iind Todav in 
KniKerV I^nd liillle History of Houlh Africa -KioldMarshal 
Lord liolH-rts— My Diwese IlurinR the War The New Rultlo 
of IlorkiiiK— Social Life in the Hritmh Army -KnKlanil's Armed 

N'eiitralil y H^ 15 

Aljidyof till' IteRpriry—The Swoni of the KinK-Tho Shadow of 
Allah Thi' Heart o' the I'eat—C'hristalla. an Unknown (jmiiillty 
-Little Iiidabas l", 

LlllHAUY NoTKH 10 

CORUKHiMiMiKNCK - KplKcopal RciciKtor« — Orammnr r. Idiom (Mr. 

W. H. U. Itouse) A MomoHuI to O. \Y. Steevona 10, 1" 

At'THOHS AMI Prill, ISllKKS H) 18 

List of New Books anu UiirBiNTs 18 



NOTES OF THE DAY. 



The Stage Society, wliieh has just hold another of it-* 
ineotings, certainly heljis on an intelligent interest in tlio 
many dramatic queiitions now in the air. And its exist- 
ence illcro»^ses our surprise that no really serious theatrical 
magazine is able to live. An attempt was made towamls this end 
liy tlio Tlieatre, which was fiuindod by Mr. Frederick Hawkins, 
whoso death this week wo road with much regret. Ho had been 
at one time di-amatic critic of Tlie Times, and had written several 
liooks oil drniiiatic subjects, such as " A Life of Edmund Kean," 
" Annals of tho French Stage from its Origin to the Death of 
Kacine," and " The French Stage in tho Eighteenth Century." 
 «  * 

We may perhaps conclude that the failure of tho Uteatre, in 
spite of the fact that it had such competent editors as Mr. 
Hawkins, Mr. Addison Bright, and Mr. Clement Scott, provetl 
that tliei-e is no room in England at the present time for a 
review devoted to the interests of the playhouse. The purely 
pivfessional oi-gaus which record every little provincial per- 
formance, generally with tho intimation that it was " much 
above tho average," are understood to be very pi-ofltablo pro- 
perties. So are some of tho organs that content themnelves 
with retailing the scandals of the couU»acs. But for the higher 
criticism of the drama there seema to be no great demand. 
Yet there is much wider interest iu drauuUic things than 

Vol. VII. No. 1. 



there n*ed to be. We follow and di^uM th« npw nioTMD«nt« 

and tho now men In French, Oerinan, It.illaii, S<-.indIimvlan, and 

Itelgian dranin, and we have theorien which utriiKxh' '■ '■■  — 

hion in " Elizabethan " and other " iitage wH-ietic>«." n 

less, those wlio have HOiiH'thiiii; lo nay on the drat- 

scramble for places in tho other higli-cla*!! magnzine*, ;■ 

their chance of being elbowed out by the wrlt«rs on the Chiapwi 

Crisis, tho Kottlemcnt of South Africa, Rltualimi, and C*d<*t 

Cori>s. 

• «  • 

How warmly tho public is concerned withdr.-tiiutlcquc«t!ou« 

in shown in the Fortniffiilly Review for July. One sign of that 

concern is the growing n-' " . not 

do ShakcsiKJai-o justice in .. val." 

Mr. Tree, however, who writes on " Tho Hissing of .Shake- 

s|H>aro," claims the public taste for his own method. H' '- - ' '■ 

does not oare what may bo tho opinion " of literary • 

revealed in print," ho is all for " public opinion as revealed by 

the coin of the realm." The despised litorary experts will 

probably turn with much more Interest to Professor Lewis 

Campbell's article in the - ( T 

especially if they have bi^. 

on " Tho Idea of Tragedy," alxMit which Mr. Walkley wrile* 

in another column. We can only here state tho jKtint ralnud by 

Professor Campbell — viz., tliat the so-called " Climax " of the 

classical tragedies is ne\-er tho close of the play. '1 

method is probably due to the introduction of a curtaiii ..„ . 

Professor Campbell docs not admit this. Anyhow, the old 

tradition was that a great production should end 

dramatist works up to a crisis, and then is ii" 

set|uel when excitement and curiosity may give way to sympathy 

and awe. Shakos|)eare was in the classical tradition — a fart 

those are apt to forget who complain of the lingering close of 

his tragedie.-s. 

« • • • 

The Stage Society iierfonuance brought an exbilarvting 
experienco. As Mr. George R '"' iw honKtroosly remarfccd 

on the fall of the curtain, tl. . for three hours or !k> 

in tho London of 1010. Candida, now produced for the 
llrst time on metropolitan boards is ono of the fiHir 
" Pleasant Plays " by Mr. Shaw. It was written in 180*. and 
at that time a ]■ mager p 

a quarter of a ccntur\ uld bo pi . 

fully to crowded houses. In his words of thanks at the close Mr. 
Shaw explainc<l another matter, namely, that the Bishop of 
London alluded to iu the play is not Dr. Creighton — ■x msn ttx> 
wide-minded to keep a  i " hout of li; vorrs 

. . . . although the p<'.. .... snot a bit m... .^..^.>\x*" 

than the Kov. James Mavor Morcll. Candida's wcll-mcaniug 

husband. Mr. Shaw's n 

stead at times ; more thai. 

as of more than average intcUigenoe — laughed at awkwaril 

moments. Tho cast was excellent. If we mistake not, Mr. 

Cirauvillc Barker, who as the scatter-brained, emotional boy- 



LITERATURE. 



[July 7, 1900. 



fort Encrm- M»r>.: <' «>ip only OIU' 

'--K lu lb<« pUy. Mr. th«rl<>« 

in|ct*>o hatl U-fore «|>pi>ari<«i ■• SJorall, Miu Jaix't Afhnrch 
,> I .kiidkla. Mr. lititirrt KaniuhmrMni u (bo curate. lit Mr. 
iWrnanl SInw wriouk In tlii* play or U bo ]aiishlng at u« all (ho 
tuDe? Aa to the antuvr (iK<n> may r«>r(a!iily bo (»x> o|iini<>iiit. 
For oor i«it, «Mlo wlnHtiuKthonnfortuiiad* pri'sonce ofcoHain 
Sha«iM»<s we raiii>o( Uiit (hiiik (hat the aim la to rcrcal the 



liiraktkmii ol Xlorrll'* H•lf•>ati^Alr: 
viiiU. Th«'n> U MunvthiiiR m. 



'i coney liiiililod 

ig niitl iiifi!>ivt' 

.U dcrelopittciit. After 

. "f TintagUe*, to nay 

,ii,<j of I'face — when-ill, 

by tte way. Fnn Bachner i* sappowd to fall iu lore with her 

.' »^-.--' .1 ' ., 1 -r, William— ('<i»idM". "■''" !'■< serious 



'. Mr. Walter Kalcigh, Prof<*ssor of Mo<Icrn 

^, Livcrp»K)l, ami !>niiic liiiii' Pro- 

tli<> Mahoiuedun AiiKlo-Orieiitnl 



rh, hat ' 
 lie Chair i>( l.n^- 
Mr. Kaleigh is Im-~i 



lintcd to sucocod Professor 

I.an^imfre and Literature at 

. .\Mi t.. tln> general reader by 

I :iianual dealing 

'Ut could liiive 



■J 

H<i|«mI 



f.r II 
:ti ail iixli;: 

■I a " S<i<l:i 



in a matter <>f lilerary ethics may bo 

humour of (heir cuiiioidence. Miss 

ii! eve on Mr. Kipling and others, 

N.ti- on the War " against the " solf- 

.',. i,..',i_- their names in l.trgo print on 

rA," ami liiiK tliem " stop bill-sticking while ho 

" Meanwhile another writer has been protesting 

"'•"<• in Miss Copelli's new romance " Boy," for 

>■ capital of contemporary death scenes in South 

^'1 far as to introduce the name of Lieutenant 

is writer bids the novelist stop sentimental izing 

. while the soldiers are dying. There 

•ut motes and beams in a bo<jk which 

' lok in tiio world which 

MOW." 



On th«> eighty-sixth anniTer^aly <>r the publication of 

 Warwley " it It plearaiit (o weleome (he app<'araiice of one more 

" '■ ■■;,-■:>-■■■ -r-H of new editions of (he "Waverley Novels." 

>rs. Macmillan, bu(, though it bears their 

 I'dition. It is, 

intriMluctimiii 



. •• Tis - 
r Mr. N 
iiur Mr. l^ng liiinsolf fall umlcr the 

.' »>t (ilK •lltH'I'^l I. II I III* 111 k)\ '>.l|-| I I'liillf' 



Mr. 



TV- (acr of C'baurer 

tfn» ttfO lirriv> >k fj,i,;i'. 



' • y^\ v.^v«-»^ v'l II'"..!.;!**! WHO v.i* Vliiii 



Thew) 11 will. Ii It apiXMi^ in CVdove Is, for the first 

time, .1 by Mr. M. H. Spiclniann ill a llrst article on 

I'l liis in the .\/<n;i>riiir of Art. Mr. Spielmann's 

eii iiich promiws to Ik- an instructive one, is to be 

issiUHl by the Koyal SiH-iely of Literatuiv. May wo suggest <o 
Mr. S|iielmanii that, should tlio essay bo i-eprinttnl, li<> might 
revise the following sontcneo :— " Tlio VM>st likeness that is pi-e- 
Hentod to' us of Chaucer, then, is th« limning, or what >\<e would 
nowadays call * wttter-<-olour drawing,' which ho lntro<lucod into 
his Unik ' Do Keginiiiie I'limipis " " ? The sentence is pre- 
c-«.'<le<l by a longish paragraph which has no reference to Occlcve 
at all ; and Chaucer did not write the " De Hogimlne Priu- 
cipis." Xor, for the matter of that, did Occlevc. His work was 
*• Dt> Kegimine Principum." 

» • • » 

The CiiniMOcfc Expre»» is very wroth with Literature for 
having dared to refer disparagingly to Covenantiug poetry. In 
.■\ sentence as persjiicuous as it is g^rammatical, the journal 
observes : — 

As a Cocknoy critic, ho (with the usual ignorance but full- 
blown presumption of his class) has just now lieen telling the 
world, the columns of Literature, thai " all Covenanting, or 
CiiiiKToiiiiiii jioetry, nivo ' The Caineroiiian Dream ' — the 
bartl of Crawick — is wretched stuff " (judging nil, wo suppose, 
from the low, grovelling, gutter standar<l of " The Absent- 
Miiidcd Beggar "). 
The Cumnock critic has not even taken the trouble to quote 
correctly. What was stated in Lifertifiirc was that " Most of 
the Cameronian and Covenanting poetry of Scotland is wretched 
stuff, almost the solitary exception, certainly the only out- 
standing exception," being Hyslop's poem " The Cameronian 
Dream." It may be unfortunate for the Covenanters, but the 
statement is strictly accurate. However, tast<'s differ. Tho 
Cumnock Expremt as " proof of the utter falseness of that 
vertlict " (of Literature ) gives some lines from a " stirring 
account of the Battle of Drumclog, by Mr. Hugh Brown, a 
(lalston schoolmaster of some sixty years ago." The following 
siimples lx!ar elo<iuent testimony to tho beauty of Covenanting 
lioctry : — 

Housed by the rolling of the distant drum. 
Breathless tho watcher cried, " The fwinen come ! " 
One short, but fervent, hurried sigh they breathed, 
Folded their Bibles, and their swords unsheathed. 
Along Drumclog the soldiers' proud array 
Of glittering armatui-e flung back the day ; 
The prancing war-steed proudly jiawcd the bcatb, 
.\iid felt afar the battle's burning breath ; 
Oppression's steelgirt bandit undismayed, 
With jest and scorn the peasant ranks surveyed. 

• • • * • 

But a moment they paused, and they lion-liko sprung 

From tho lair they were kne<.>ling uiKin ; 
And the glens and the rocks with the wild music rung 
As they cbante<l a psalm and rushc<l on. 



I lie I iimiKK-Jf Exprest is 
Literature will pronounce 
I  -' pix'trj', I 

«. But t 

11. 



(|iiitc correct in assuming that 
these lines " wretched stuff." All 
. it Is only fair to say, is not quite 
mo oven worse — for example, the 
I in " Old Mortality." Two 
•.ulHcicut for quotation : — 

They marched cut through Lithgow-town 

For lo enlarge their forces ; 
\iid iicnt for all the north country 

T.J come, both foot and horses. 



\Vli< 



well, 



I 



 hoy cone 
'111. 

Tb« fact U that the (cr««(«)<t kindness that can be thown to the 
' iilk of Covenanting jfoctry is to leave it alone. 



.Inly 7, 1900.] 



LITERATl'RE. 



It wan nn oxcollont Irtca to rcprosont Sir Tliniiin<i Morp'<. 
rMldencm at BiicklorHbury and ClKiUoa in tho memorial xtniiKNl 
glaa* window roocMilly iiiiv<>II(mI in tlio rliuri-li of St. Lavvrnnco 
Jewry. More wis Imrn in Mill<-!«tr<><>t, C'lii-apsidi", and livtsl in 
Bu(;l{l('r»l>nry for sorno yciirs aftor Iiix inarriiiK<\ prior to |iiirclia<<- 
itiR Crosl>y-pIaic. In Tin- Mi-rru ll'ircjt o/ Wiiitlmr Hhal»«>- 
spoaro inalfcs Kalstair iillndo to tho tradors in In-ihs for wlilch in 
his day Biicldorsbnry was fninoiis : " Conii>, I cannot oojt, and 
Bay tlioii art tills and tliat, llko a many of thoso lisping liawthorn- 
liiids, that coiMo like wonion in nu«n's apparol, and nniell lik<> 
Bucklorsbiiry in simplo time." Tho Chancellor's Iioiihu at 
Cholsoa, built in l.'»21, Htood at tho north end of Ik-anfort -row. 
KrasMiUH has loft a record of his life hi>re : -- 

lie I'onvcrses with his wife, his son, his dailKl>tcr-in-law, 
his tjiroo daiiBlit<>rs and thoir hn-.bands, with clovcii Rrand- 
clilldron— a K<x>dly household, in truth. TIkto is not any 
niati livinK so affect u>nate as ho, and ho lovoth his old wife as 
well as if she was a young maid. . . . I should rathor call 
his house a school, or a university of Christian relijtion, for 
though there is none therein but rea<leth or studieth the 
liberal sciences, their s|KH^-ial care is piety and virtue ; there 
is no quarrelling or intoMi|K>rate worils heard ; that worthy 
gontlenian doth not govern with pnnid and lofly words, but. 
with well-timed and courteous iHMievolence ; everylnxly |M<r- 
formeth his duty, yet there is always alacrity ; neither Is 
sober mirth anything wanting. 
This is n fusciiuiting woitl-picture of .More's life in his quiet 
Chelsea retreat, where Honry VI 11. often visited him. 
* * * * 

Ronan, the life-long friend of M. B4"rt helot, is s.iid to have 
written tho following epitaph for that givat chemist and 
philosopher : 

Ci-Cii 

.M. B.-rthelot. 

(Mere follow his nninemus lilies.) 

This is the only plac«> which he never soliciti-d. 

—a superscript ion, the exact opixisite of Piron's well-known 
epitaph on himself :— " II ue fut rien, pas memo acadi-micien." 
Anyhow, M. Borthelot has now another title to aild to tho 
prodigious list which Kenan so shortly summarizeil. Ho has 
been elected to the Froneli Academy. Nineteen votes were 
cast for him. Nine academicians abstaiiie<l, and eleven did not 
turn up to vote. Anutng tho latter was .M. ile Krcyciiiet, in 
.spite of his pretensions to be himself a man of science. This 
illustrates tho kind of bias which ever since Kenan's death has 
prevented M. B<-rthel<.ls entrance into the Academy. He had 
wished to siicceeil K'enan, but the Catholic and Conservative 
wing of tho Academy rallied round M. Briuietiere, whose views on 
"la faillitedo la science " had been demolished by .M. Berthelot, 
and black-balle<l one of the greatest scientillc men of tho day. 
To-day, M. Berthelot, In •^••U.. r,r < i... nationalist cabal against 
him, takes his revenge. 

The issue of the final vohimo of the " DIctionnry of National 
Biography," which wc notice elsewhere, leads one to look at the 

undertaking as a whole. Perhaps we can pay 

Thr" Jiiclioiiarii "" higher coniplinient to those who are lespon- 

of SiilioiKil sible for it than to say thai their achieveinenl- 

liiogi-(ii>hij." is by no means contlned to the produ<-tion of a 

standard dictionary of Kiiglish worthies. Tin' 
inception of the work, its steady and business-like execution, 
and its reception by the public mark .sonu'thlng like an epoch in 
English literary history. Never before, we may safely say, has 
the chief magistrate of the City of London found in the publica- 
tion of the last volume of a book an occasion which calb^l for 
public and honourable rei'ognition. Kew publications, even in 
an age when colliilHiration is the fashion, have brought tog»'lher 
so many distinguished writers; iu>ne certainly have done more 
to organize research and turn it to a practical use. Mr. Lee, 
who has himM<ir, in addition to his very exacting editorial work, 
written an anumnt ec|n:il to flins' volumes of the nictlnnarx . 
|;ivek » iuU Mtcui'd ul ikn uumum i4u«1 i»iti>kU'> ui kit wU»trir»rif 



y ; 
I'lix 



MaiuM>« of biatnrieal •vt<lon<<M, nnhr.<inl an/l ntithmt-kf nf by- 
older si M.l. 

and lie 

task of the <-• ,^, 

of data on ii • ,,y„ 

»|KMdal goal Ix'fore him, pn imo •piH^I nm 

place ti> place, from Imn.U ... , frnm manaM'n|.< i.. iii^nn- 

Hcripf, patching at every hint which may ojM-n up new IIimm at 

Inquiry, every gleam which may thniw a -' ' ',nt 

uiKin th<< subjts-t, and never iHTinitling .»» 

away into by paths or t<i roam at liirK.- i.v.r ng 

pastures of historical ;N>niiiiiii/iii. T>> tlH>s4. who d-, ,),, 

the Dictionary we owe this a j|, 

motho<ls of study, and In the .. ,| 

ni>sslike handling of, I i finiiiin- | 

by the exhaustive bii. . ;il matt<'i 

page, finally cre<lituble to Knglish culture Is the origin of thU 
great enterpris*-. The public, aceustomcti to ntv the rolanm 
appearing every quarter with utifailing regularity, have Imwu 
eontent to note the rapidity and c<impl<-t4>ne- ' ' ihv 

editor and his stalT were doing their wurk. in 

their admiration for the sut-cesnfiil ;uijuirr> 

too curiously how the sinews of . i. Mr. 

Tx>i>'s prvface gives us the story. Ti .if tb«- 

Dictionary was entindy that of .Mr. ».• After 

some forty years' exp<>rienc4- as a publislM-r in th«» flrm of 
.Smith, Elder, and Co., he was the first seriouvly to f»eo » 
task of national importance, the need of which had b<M!>n unimr- 

sally recognized. A certain l>oldmi>s in < ---i :...- new 

ventures is inseparable from the publish:  li«« 

magnitude of the undertaking t. ' ' ' M .nd 

eighteen years ago must have in 

the recent history of 111. .' he 

conditions of a merely . -,►- 

mised to involve, and did involve. Mr 

as material prolU wasconcerne<l, ..i .Is. 

Mr. Smith, however, put his hand to : -'k 

back. Throughiuit the progress of I |i. Mr. 

Lee, " ignored eonsideni lions of profit and lom in providing for 
its conduct to a succe».sful issue." The b>i-".«— - ■■' ....i.i:.!.:.,^^ 

like any other bn.sinciis, may lie eondu. Is. 

Some of them may provoke crilieisni. and hm- .-o 

authors and publishers may, as wo know, le . .y 

and misunderstanding. PublislH>rs n rs 

are not always mindful of what i» • iv 

assert that the |H>sitioii of th.- 

business agent of the author, n 

to a higher level the ilealings Immwinmi jnil. -r 

than tho public spirited claim made by Mr. <ii-. ' '.. 

right, when an opi>ortunity arises to do a great public >. 

to bo soiuething more than a mere agent of the author. W . ... 

far from saying that such a display of public spirit is unique 

among publishers ; but its magnitude certainly call- ' - 

recognition. It has often tK>en iK>iiite<I out that a II'. 

prise of this kind might well I '.. 

similar enterprises have bi-ei , •» 

in accordance with the inde|>('iiii<'ii> 4. ol the II. it 

should be due to the lilM-ralily and energy of • k- 

conclusion to Ih< drawn from the complet«Hl I 

iH'lieve, that the system on which it has Iks- 

the most likely to prisluce workmanlike results 

of the State-aide<! Historical Manus<Tipt» <'. 

conllmi this view. Certainly such a s|h>i 

part of private citizens exerts a highly -i.n 

on the literary life of .Kngland -whether «<• 

of the publisher who eonceivc<l and flnaiired III.- I '!.! .■  

at that of the ctintriliutors who hav<' iirmlin-cil »• 

monument of liti-rary skill and research, or 

Mr. Leslie Stephen, Mr. Sidney F,*^>. nixl 

have so well accomplished tho •' 

task of organizing, revising, and < -'« 

wf iiiographies. 

1 J 



LITERATURE. 



[July 7, 1900. 



personal Uicws. 



HISTORY— OLD AND NEW. 

Onw, »om<> tUty yearn ago, when * mitn wan Imrn into the 
«tirld, an pnthiiK!i<>Mi> relation tiirnetl to tbo mother anil hhWimI 
aiaioatly — tbo flr-t ami only vital ()uostion — " Will ho love his 
Maranlay ? " ^"i\\ any one in the eomins years spei<uhito 
eagerly on an (r.frnt'a prolmhle affection for — iihall wv say — 
kia 8c«l<>y ? Or !•> there any living hiMorian about whom the 
ordinary reader mron two Ktraini ? 

If «« eomc to think of it, this Is rather a M>rious question. 
nialory, we assame, is meant to be read, and not merely 
eraHiaed for i-i«Ml by a few specialists. 

Tet tke tt-ntl- : ii "rical School, the disciples 

at Frmnan eapecially, is ao to write that he who runs eertainly 
will not read. Imieed, to Judjre hy the tone of somn of the most 
modem historical teachers, they would prefer not to lie road 
»*T* by the initiated, and a literary prcvsontment of their real 
and indis|>utablc loaniinR is the last thing they desire. To 
h«ar them talk about " mere popniariting " one would think 
tb:r '-ry whose art w'as to 

cvi..  ilently, to the elect, 

•oaiethinf; vulgar in being readable ; and the resources of style, 
the ejfeets of rhetoric, all the light and shade of chosen 
language are the meretricious tricks of the sciolist. They do not 
" love their Macaulay," they positively abhor their Froude, 
they can aearcely tolerate even their Grote. 

We cannot help thinking that there must be aome- 
thing wrong about this. As it se<>ms to us, modem 
historical scholars are forgetting the essential in their 
leal for accurate detail. What Is history for (we are not 
Bo« • oral teaching or the preparation for ex- 

aniii ' ~s to give tlic mass of mankind broad and 

iDCtractlve views of how men lived and acted and dealt with the 
problcma of their age ? And how can the desultory reader of 
the«« days, )Ktm|>ered with periodical " piffle," l)e induced to 
take an interest in this vital and philosophic study, unless the 
results of reM>areh are sot liefore him with all the power of a 
great mind and all the fascination of 'a noble style ? No 
attmipt at such a presentment of history seems to be made by 
the modem " Kaclmiann." The new style of historian edits 
text*— « neeewiary preparation of material ; elaborates episodes 
ariT .eringwork: prepares short 

t«\ i facts — ns<'ful, no dnnbt, to 

the examinee, not to say his examiner. But all this no more 
makes a History than the squaring of stone, ami plumbing of 
walls, and designing at dados make a house. The master builder 
ry, like the Coroansian mason, appears to be an extinct 
• *. 
Ko one «1to has any true understanding of the work to l)e 
dona wilt » ' '<■ important taltonrs of the nin<l('rn 

■ekool of bi<'! Ii. The scrnpulouH e<litions of funda- 

■catat texts, the scholarly and unbiased examination and 
rollation of every authority and every statement, the collection 
and verittrati'Mi of doruments, the stern rejj-ctioii of glosses and 
inaatkeiillc records — all these are of incalculable service to the 
Hiatortan who is to Im*. Nor is it fair to reprooch the young 
icaearcbera for tnuirying themselves with the details rather than 
with the easmU^. The I rath i lion 

of new anierials, the tardy ope4< ions 

of all Europe to the inquirer, the monthly publication, in 



acieutiUc perio<licals devoted to research all over the world, of 
new discoveries o( documents and new liglits or new interpreta- 
tions of dispute«l (mints, have for the time overwhelmed conscien- 
tious students. Asa writer In Lilerfilurf sniil some time ago 
(11 .lune, 1898) " In wandering through untrmlden paradises, they 
have completely lost their way. They give us masses of undigested, 
incix>rdinnte facts, but no History. This is the natural result 
of too hasty, too indiscriminate absorption, and tho attacks 
which arc sometimes levelled at what is called tho Oxford 
School of History are scarcely philosophical. Historical students 
have to go through this stage, till they get abreast of their 
materials. Then comes the proc-ess of coordination, of generaliza- 
tion, of reflning tho gold from tho dro*-; tin- i.ia.c^s <if iiiln.-inn 
History out of ma<«!riati.r poi«r »«pt'ir." 

The uiistnke is to confuuiul the nuttci Utu.v poui- Hcrvir with 
tho resulting History. .\s well might one take tho tuning of 
tho tlddlos for the symphony itself. And the danger is that tho 
)x»ople who arc now tuning tho fiddles are Irj'ing to convince 
the world that all the old symphonies, coinpos<'d lieforo the new 
orchestra was perfected, are radically Im'd miLsic. One might 
equally arguo that liocauso various modern iniprovonwnts in 
wind instruments, or in organ stops, were not then invented, 
.lohn Sebastian Ba<'li could not write a Mass or an or^in fugiiel 
In music, whilst wo wonder and admire as wo hear tho marvel- 
lous new effeetJi pro<Iueed in the modern orchestra in tho hands 
of a Wagner or a Tchaikowsky, under tho baton of a Richtcr, wo 
do not dismiss as obsolete tho great conceptions of tho earlier 
composers, though exprosse<l in a more limite<l range. And it 
is so with History. Whilst wo welcome every new fact, every 
correction or veriftoation, every clearance of rubbish heaps and 
exploration of purlieux, wo cannot afford to neglect the great 
works in which the master-minds of the past have surveyed tho 
progress of tho world. Minor inaccuracies, inadequate 
materials, even jKilitical bias are as nothing in tho scale 
against the illumination which comics from the working of a largo 
mind upon the large facta of history. Lord Acton has well said 
that History is " not a rope of sand but a continuous develop- 
ment, not a bunlen on tho memory but an illumination of tho 
soul." There is too much microscopic jioriiig over grains of 
sand, nowadays, and too little " illtunination of the soul." To 
get large views and profouiul reflections we mast still turn back 
to the old masters. Thoroughly to grasp the historical teaching 
of men liko Arnold, Thirlwall, and tJroto is an education in 
itself, a veritable " illumination of the soul." Wo will not even 
part with our Motley, our Fronde, or our Macaulay. Oranted 
that there are mistakes in detail, personal ])reju(lices, and even 
serious misrepresentation, and that a vast amount of new 
material has come to light since their days, still their works 
remain imperishable, Ijccauso they are theirs. Whole shelves of 
accurate litllo lext-l)ooks by nimleni scholars will not train tho 
mind in history as it is trained by the study of the works of tho 
great Historians. These men, for tho most part, looked out 
upon the field of past events and developments from tho fortress 
of a mind de<'ply versed In hiunnn affairs, piYifonndly acquainted 
with all that was licst and wisest in tho literature and thought 
of the past. They approached their subjoct as philosophers, and 
treated it on tho grand scale. Work so conceived and prepared 
can never liecome obsolete, lot the s|>ccialists discover never so 
newly, Hi-nce the old masters are read, and will be read. 

Indeed, It seems to ns that specialism, developoil too early. 
Is at the root of tho present derirth of broad historians. Tho 
mind must l>c trained in great tliin;;s iMftirc it deals with small, 
must endeavour to grasp the universal before it descends to tho 



July 7, inon.] 



I.ITi:KATrKK. 



particular. In tho prcMCnt ilny wo nppeiir to ho rovcntInK th« 
lirucoHH. Wo LtlNiiir iin ncro U-fow wo try to iiiiilorHtniiU tho 
i-arth. Wo toil at a " in'rifwl," fUltonitc an iiicldont, iMtforo 
we oiuleuvoiir to Kmip tho hroad priiu-i|iloH and IniMintalilo 
laWN of luinian prtiKro"-*. An«l onr lack of philoHopliy is 
<-<|Ualifd by our want of imiIiui-o. Your nimlorn hislorii-ul 
student Is prond (o Ixi mnslor of a f<'w ycmrs, or a few rcl^nM, 
of a sinfflo brancli of a siii({Ii> raco of mankind. With tho 
litcratnro, tho tlionKlit, of tin- i-rst ho h»N no concorn. Tho 
inovlUiblo rostnit Im that his minor HtiidloH of dotaiU luck not 
only philOHopliic; Rrasp l>nt llt«Tary Hympalhy. His follmv 
studonta will i-oad and applaud — or doniolisli — his loarno<l 
lurtilirations, Init llio frroat mass of odnratcd nii>n will ni'vcr 
hoar of him. The hiHtorian roqniros nioro than tho <-lalH>r:tlo 
documentary apparatus of which ho is justly jiroud. Ho noo<Is 
:i philosophical trainiu;;, and a liU'rary culture ; and, tuitil tho 
niiHlorn historical scliool reali/.os those essential conditions, wo 
cannot expect that it will produoo a masterpiin-e. The last 
thinft wo would defend is snperflcial study or mere literary 
i-liarin. Tho more accurate in ilelail a history is, tho mor<> 
worlliy is it of its hiprli function. But it is lH'tt<T that gn'nt 
views of history, even if only approximately accurate, should ko 
homo to the minds of tho niasfl of educated men than that they 
nIiouIiI live on, i^'nornnt of the past. History is not an affair for 
<lilettanti.sm, nor yet for the private edillcat ion of the few. It is 
for all mankind. And to it^ich mankind it must Ik« treated 
largely and humanoly. It nnist not bo merely n collection of 
hare fads, hut pliilosophy and literatui-e in one — " an illumina- 
tion of tlio soul." L. 



WOMEN POETS OF TO DAY. 



t'rilii's, since (ho art of criticism iK'gan, liav<' puz/lcd over 
tho true nature of poetry, hut few of them have omitted from 
their attempted detlnitions tho word cMuotion. " Tlie true 
expression of trnefeelins; " is tho chosen formula of Mr. E<lniond 
Jlolmes, flio latest writer who essays to answer the ((uestion 
" What is poetry ? " Why, then, is pix-try the creation of one 
sex in so much larger degree than of tho other? Women surely 
have as true a gift of expression as men ; of sensitiveness to 
emotion they are acknowledged to possess a larger share. In 
iuiaginativo prose as represented hy Action they have for 
long moro than held their own, and [lerhaps in the higher art 
their day is yet to eomo. At any rate, it is inter»>sting to mark 
tho signs of tho times. Mrs. Humphry WanI, in her recent 
speech at the Women Writers' t'lub, was hopeful for the future. 
Spaeo forbade us to give any portion of tho speech rcrlxif iiii in 
our roferonco to it last we<>k, but as only a brief re|>ort of it has 
appeared in tho Press onr readers will, wo think, \>c interestc<l 
to read her review of tho past and her estimate of women |>oets 
of to-day. 

Mrs. Ward is ready to ailmit that they are" minor |KK>ts." 
yet " how much this means in a day when so much is demanded ! 
Look back at tho times ,'of Mrs. Hemans, of Caroline 
Bowles, and L.K.L. . . . Look back to tho nino women 
p<X!ts — tho nine Muses of their day — i-evicwetl by tho 
Qiiintfrlii in ISIO, in that tone of compassion half uuK-kiug, 
half patronizing, the uioro disapix>arance of which to-d.iy is in 
itself a landmark. Among these ixtets, indeed, was Mrs. Browning ; 
and for all his masculine scorn, let us just say in passing that 
the reviewer had no eyes whatever for Mrs. Browning's true 
place among his motley band. Take, however, some of tho 
rest — a certain Lady Kmmeline, for instance — for whoso ' talents,' 
tho Qiiartfrlij has ' sineoro respect ' — while it ventures to mo<.'k 
tho ' fevered woo ' of ' her ladyship's ' verso, and to urge ui>on her 
ladyship a littlo closer attention both to metro and to rhythm. 
Still, Lady Eunnelino gets her four pages from tho Qu<ti-tiTlij, 



and hail . . ,i|y narniHl theiu liv -:> ...■t..v.. ...t _ .j . .. 

much rellHlKHl l»y lh<* puhllc. O, 
give us the |*erH|>octivo. Llku alt oi 
tho lark, hut the •train of Woni 
iM'sidn I^idy Kmim '' ' 

ihfp ilrr;im« nt ],.\:,-r nml i>ritW 



And thou'«t 

Kveii from tl 

Deli^'lits. .111. 

S|H . • 

 ill 

l*a 

A.,. 

.Vii.l ........ .\ ^. 

Beiitilndi-s, and fcrviil 

.\nd bright Amazvtien! . vi-.l 

Yet with a nipturo of Alwurnnco Ihril 

" Prodigious I All one cm 

woulil nor tiwlay thrill \ 

an .Vnnnal of ISIWV- ' Kriendslni 

jxH-m by Kuskin. Macaulay's ' A 

Tennyson - gcxxl company enoii^sli I \v< 

Mrs. Howiti, -Mrs. Norton, and L.K.I.. : 

Sarah Siii-kney, who writ<^ on a  

artless vers*" that ii^':iiii vmi 

detect the public 



tiiUium, (ih«Mn«, 



i:m 



irk 
In 



M 

II  
llcii' in I 

Why 

Sin»t . .ii. ... ..... . 

Ho|)o to flnil brighter or happier lio«ir*. 



'M^ I ill' s«<-. t flowers ; 



C'O and tx* fre<", 

Like flic tiird nnd the ho«». 
Sport in I' the nwpot Bowert ; 

But 

Tho sport iiur • 

For this was the s. . /imt hoam. 

" Life was certainly letw hirenuous when thooe vcrtw 
emerged unabashed by the sido of Mr. .Alfrj-*! Tenny«on. Take 
up alnntst tho first volume under your hand fmm Mr. l..annor Mr. 

(irant liichards. ('om|>:ir« with the  ' •-' 'tno<i 

written hy a woman of tiwhiy — not >• vill 

l>e, when her gift is fully ripe, and >( -iie <ii"-^ not miUuly lorco 
her talent — 

APKIL. <By Nora Ilopp<>r.) 

I flooti with gold the gorsos. I o|>eii ill li-nt it.se. 

With rain the water-courses, I nui. -e ; 

.Vnil I restrsiin 'I - 

With silver r«'in !■ 

Tho wild sea-hors<~«. My n. 

I am the blackbird singin:;. 1 mi 

I am tho grasses swingin. 

I am tho spur 

S»>ts reetis astir 
.\nd bluelH^lls ringing. 

I quicken in their grave- 
See<ls that th<' winter saves ; 

Flags for me stoy ; 

Tho budding May 
My coining cr.ivcj". 

" It is true that by 1840 Kmilr Br.nite hid ^r-ritten tho 
sehool-girl poem containing tho e\. . ' .V 

little and a lone green lane," 1 la«I 

written ' Cowper's Grave.' But the gvnenl ^v»<i 

so low — for the women — that only ^.— i..- -■' •'.•• iml 

could nianngo to be tolerable N ■•"ic, 

what accomplishment in half a ou/.a-n »i.ni<'ii. vruiri^ In 
Kngland lixlay, that wo conid all of us name without raoch 
stopping to think;- ' ' ' ' 

iM'auty of which Mrs. M 
charm of Nora Hop|K>r, or i 
of Moira O'Neill, or the (.". 





the eiivep» : 


.\ 


. ^ »• high 




I)i.ro 


s«x>r, »s I 




Th.it Niii»- 


t.i lovers. 




1 fliKsl ^^ it 


Ii ... M ■'..• 


-..r--«. 


With nin 




axMraw, 


And i 






With 


silver r»'in 




Tho wild 


<ica-horv>s. 





LITERATURE. 



[.lulv 7, 1900. 



Tynan's verso, or the InteiiMty of imtioiinl fiM>lius tlint N|ir"jk» In 
Miss I^wlm, or the iinhic niul iN^atitifiil |HH<in?< that tliu world 
fMvm to the author of ' A VillaRo TraRwIy.' What in Mrs. 
Hcmans or Mnt. Norton — full of rhotorlcat striMij^th and itassion 
thouKh Mrs. Norton >\-as — is w-orth, judfttnl l>y any stnndani 
«if pupp llt«"' I '••I'la ' of Moira O'Nt'ill. or Mis. 

Wot^r* "Til I," or Mr>. MoynoITs ' H(>nonn<-<>- 

mciit ? ' It is iioi iliut till' oiilrr |>oots wt-n* not \voui<-n to fi.H>l and 
■CO the «Tirld : lint the ijrt'al sin;;i>rs of llit> lM>j;iiininK of tlii> 
century had not yet done their work ; the ' |iiire tlrt-ek wine ' 
of K«»at->». the niaKie of Shelley, the nnisie of theKlizultctlianN had 
Btill to freshen the |>oetie sense of Kii^land, and so create thos«» 
capaeititM and those delicate iK>ree|iti»iis of heart and ivir which 
•re at work for us to-<lay.  .\nd now how interesting to notice 
tho Celtic admixture in this growth of poetry union;; women ! 
Three or four of thoM^ I have nam«Hl are in fact Irl^liwoim-n, and 
the Cel' ilie Celtic s|)ell, is in their voices. 

" l'- If- —if wc an- in a critical moo<I — if we are 

mnslnj; i>u  • the future as well as its pnMuise — we 

may a«k oin . r the ranjre of this modern verse is 

yet wide and varied enou;;li. Wo may weary of its intro- 
spcotion. We may nay with the brutal Quarterlij of 1840 
that 'there i» a great difference between writing always /i"Oi» 
the heart and ain'ays about the heart, even the heart of a woman 
of genius * ; wv may ask soinel imes for u wider content , a sterner, 
more |>enetratiug n-flection of this astonishing or tragic world ; 
T»r may see in the |ioems of an Italian writer of the present day, 
Ada N' many new themes still await the hand of 

the En J. !>. themes torn — like Mrs. Browning's Italian 

jioeinH — fn>m ihi- living fibre of common and national life. 
But whatever wiinis and we«knessi>s the critical conscience 
will admit amongst onr poeta — and certainly not in the 
w^nien only I— there can be no ijuestion at all as to the 
astonishing rise of level and of standard. All round us, 
and in most arts. It i« not a day of great and solitary 
genius, it is a day of much high talent, of exquisitely- 
tn>ine<l faculty. The iKM'ins of our generation are shorter than 
of old; the mi1>j<hMs with which lln>y dciU are subtlety and 
lightni-ss it»«'lf. Our poets, men and women, have taken the 
advice that Corinna gave to Pindar — ' to sow from the hand, 
and not from the bag." to offer beauty in delicate measur«'. 
to avoid all gross suiH-rfluity. The latter half of the century 
has seen a growth of song ainong us like the Kliuiliethan. 
But — let us note this striking difference^ — in the Elizaliethan 
ontbunt the women of Kngland had no |>art. Research, 
indeed, may discover here and there a stray copy of verses 
by a woman: but. as a rule, you may search the KlizalH-than 
iiong-liooks —  Knglund's Heli<-on,' ' Tho Paradise of Dainty 
IV'vices,' Bri'ton's ' liower of IK-Iights,' and what not — yoii 
will tind no woman there to t^ike her part in that great 
kindling of YiTw> «tiich made Kngland, under the rule of one of 
til- . a nest of singing birdv.. Hut now in tin- 

gr> , . , ■..\ among us moderns— of the delight in it and 

tb*! jiowvr for it— wouk-o are no longer content to l>c sung to ; 
tboy also must niug. and sing with the liest. We will not <-laim. 
a* the women of old Greece might, that Corinna has defeated 
J idar !— but at U-ast she sp . in the same divine cun- 

!•• I with him. hh«' moves in ' A.irld of high and living 

niii I  y all uc iMMir mortals of a lower earth. 

w< ly ways of prosi'. are proud and glad." 



THE DECAY OF FABLE WRITING. 



It t ..le that llie two earliest forms of 

Ilterarx % have ImiiIi in these latter days 

fallen into OmtiM-. The Kpic is no loiigi>r writt<'ii for lack of 
Milijei-I. men sjy : while as for the fable the |Mior little 
fable '. it m-cui* iio\\ad;iys to Im; qulti' cleN|iiM«l. Ami yet It is 

in iMmie n-*!"" • ii it sbntild In* mi. For In truth a 

we|l-c<m»iil< lins more art to the M|uare Im-h 

than any otiKr i<m< and more \\lsdiHii 

too. Hut therein. |«- , wliy I il>le'\< riling 



is a negU'cfjsl if not a forgot tf>n art. For tlie art in it is not 
artiflee, nor the wisdom mere wiso-acreage. Tlie first fabulists 
were doubtless iiii>n who lived the simple lives of farmers, 
shepherds, gardeners, and the like ; who were brought daily in 
contact with Nature, with the birds of the air anil the beasts of tho 
llelil, that M'eiii to have Immmi tho work of her 'prentice hand ovo 
she tried it on man- the alpliaU^t, as it were, of which man, the 
eom|M)unil word, is made np. It was tho child-man of earliei- 
times, nature's own philoMipher, who, seeing this play-alphabet 
in animals, tricvl to put the letters together, in order to sjieM 
out the larger nieaning - himself, and in so doing ho hit ujion tlii< 
fable. And it was because he was so intimate with the animals, 
studied them so closely, and Iov<h1 them so well, that he was 
able to make such lH>autifiil fables. 

But the aiHilogue did not eomo all at once. There were 
steps and stages in its evolution. Some opine that it may 
have Ims'Ii he||M><l into existence by that doctrine, so im- 
plicitly mixcvl up with the life and thought of the East, whence 
the fable lli-st came, which sends the souls of men for 
their pnrincation into tho iKxlies of tho lowlier creatures. 
That doctrine must undo«bt<Mlly have added to the veri- 
similitude as well as to the intt^rost of the fable. It could not 
be otherwise when both the narrator and his hearers felt that 
iM^hind the animal mask one of themselves was speaking — 
one, iKTchance, who had been near if not known to them. 
From reganling animals in such a light it is an easy step 
to the iK'lief that they are endowed with language. Certain 
species of birds, like the rook, the swallow, seem to indicate it- 
possession. Whence comes their neoU of so<-iety if they have 
not tho i)ower of making themselves mntually underst<)o<l ? To 
the believer iu metempsychosis nothing would Ikj more natural 
than to credit them with such a gift, nor— bound as we are 
together in one long eluiin of moral being — to make them talk 
for the instruction and e<lifleatioii of men. 

Montaigne tells us that " our wistlom derives from tho 
animals the most useful instrnction in the greatest as well as 
the most necessary jiarls of life." .\nd in truth one can imagim- 
a philosopher who was in tho habit of contrasting the Ix-auty, the 
innocence, and the happiness everywhere manifest amongst the 
humbler members of creation, with man's intrigues, his hates 
and his crimes — com|>ariiig tho gentle and harmless squirrel, 
l)erclied on the swaying branch of a flr, with the mischievous 
schoolboy creeping stealthily behind with his ready catapult, or 
the graceful fawn, jieacefully cropping the foliage of a pendulou-s 
bough, with the gunner taking careful aim to lay it low ; one 
can imngino such a nature-lover figuring to himself the look of 
the stricken deer or the wounded squirrel as with failing 
breath it reproaches its slayer with his barbarism. So much 
only is it necessary to imagine— and Ix-hold the table invcnte<l ! 

Nor is it a forced imagination to 8up|iosc the first fabulist' 
was an Indian Brahmin -one of those to whom, more than any 
other, the lower world is chained in moral purixise with 
ourselves. Certain it is that the most ancient fables we have 
come frfmi Ilintlustan. A collection which has enjoyotl groat 
celebrity is the Arab vi-rsimi nain«l Kalila wa Dimna, which 
contains a number of apologues much more develoiXHl than those 
of the Greeks. They comprise a complete system of morals : 
and it is curious to note that, arising out of the diK-trine of 
tnitismigration, the animal dnimiid'n pTcoiKr are eiidowe<l with 
the most <lelicale sentiments, the loftiesl Ideas, anil thoughts the 
most complex and profound. But the Kalila wa Dimna is itself 
only a translation, lieiiig derived from another com|H>»ed in 
IlindiiHian at a time altogether U-yond mir ken. The Pancha- 
taiitra, as it is called, or the Five SaiTcd Bisiks, is reputed to 
have Ih'<mi originnlly written in Sanscrit by a niythii-al Brahmin 
niimed \ ishiiii Sariiu. This primitive work gave birth to another 
more miMU'rii, but still very ancient, and likewise written in 
Sanscrit, nainiMl tho Hitopndesa, of which there are several 
English tninslatlonH. It is a |M'rfe«-t chaplet of fabli"- 
strung together after the manner of the Arabian Nights 
tales. From this eollecllun, |Nipiilarl,v known as Bidpai's fables,, 
tratislalioiis were iiiailr into Ili'l)i-e«, Greek, Latin, Turkish, and 



July r, 1900.] 



LITERATURE. 



I 



Porslan. An Arnli version \v:\h prcxliiri'il iiiirtcr thi> Calif 
MiiMKOiir with tlio titir ulrf-ady ritfMl <>f Knlilii wit Dliniiii. The 
firoolt vcrttlon l« that known uh ^t^np'N. Thi»u> two forni the 
chief Moureo whonoo the iniHlornx hi\v« dcriviNl tlmir innterlnl. 

Mwtp Ih «nl(l to hnvo HvchI In tho nixth ci-iitiiry B.C., hut 
thrro !h conHlilornlilc (IciiiItt wlii'lhcr Htii-h n imm-sou i>vcr livcil. 
The nninn Im inferiirotoil iih Nitriiifylnp: the Wis<> Oiio. Onrloii'ily 
nnoiiKli thcro Ih niiothci' fahiilisl, well kiiimii whoi-<>vi'r thf.Xr.ilm 
hiivo set thoir fcot, niinxMl I^ikiiiiin, who, like .'Kmoii, is repiil<><l 
to have been a slave, liiinchlia<-ke<l, anil very n^ly. Some have 
Roiie so far as to hold that Lokinaii and .Vtuift are one and the 
same, and the sii|i|H>sition is tho more plunsilile IxH-atiso the 
name Lokinan, like the word .-Ksop, is s;iid to mean the Sngi' or 
Wise. But this ninzo of identideation (joj-s still further, for 
proofs ar«> drawn from etymology, as well as from the r<<som- 
Idanee of Pluenician, lTel>rew,and Aral> names, ti> show that this 

I^ikinan is as likely ns not to Im- Kiii(; Sol nii. Mor<s)ver, 

ninkinfc eomparison of iilentities anil the simihiriry of ani><-do|os 
relating to each, the eonelusion is reached that Snlmnon was no 
other than .losepli, who l>e<-ame (Governor of Kjrypt nnder 
Pharaoh. But, retiirniiiK to .Ksop, we are shown how (treat is the 
resenililanee lietween --Ksop and .losepli, not only as refoirds their 
names, but in respeet alsii to their fortune's ; Isith Immiik in their 
yontli sold into slavery, and brinKiiiR pros|)erity to the house of 
their masters ; lioth envied, persii-utiMl, and pardoning their 
enemies ; both foreseoinp i" dreams their future greatness, and 
)M)tli throHK'' those dreams beinp: freed from slavery : Iwitli 
exrelling in the art of interi>reliii}; hidden tliin>rs ; and, finally, 
lM)th favourites and ministers, the one of i'liaraoli. and the other 
of tho King of Babylon. Whether we acee]>t these |H>rhaps 
fanciful identilb-ations or not. it is nevertheless inleri^stin;; to 
note the fact that tho names Biilpai. Lokiiian, .-Ksop are all similar 
in siKiiitlcation, that each of the wise men so named rt^latoH 
identical fables, and that they an' in the main l>oast fables. 
They arc similar, too, in ronstriiction. Inasmuch as they are, 
bo«ly and sonl — that is, story and moral — so knit together as to 
be self-illuminin;;. 

But there is one particular in which the .Ksopian fable 
differs from the Indian. It has lost the sympathy, the pathos, 
the sentiment of its more ancient exemplar, of which " The Two 
Pipeons " is a }roo«l specimen. The narrator has no loncer in the 
l)ack of his head, so to s|M<ak, the feeling or lielief that his In-ast 
iiiterliHMitor may Im< one of his kith and kin. The .1?sopian 
npoloRiio is all pure wit and worldly wisdom. Still it was 
eminently suited to the Renins of the |>eopU< for whom it was 
fashioned. With them it was an aid to rhetoric. To that nso 
Aristotle reserves it ; and, as we know, Plato, whilst banishing 
Homer from his ideal Bepiiblir, admits .Ksop as an indispeiisjiblo 
tfaclier of morals. 

In this res|)ect the fable in modern hands has nnderKone a 
change ; it has passed over from rhetoric to |s>etry. No 
nnKlern writer of fables has attained to any eminence save by 
tho (|uality of his poetry, his humour, or his satire. The few 
who have excellcil may be numbered on the lingers of one hand, 
and prtveminent on the forethifjer stands Jm Fontaine. His 
fables are little ])oems, full of wit, humour, lK>auty, tinelinK 
with verve, so /iii.idiif with c'ipi-i* that every now and aKiiin in his 

Ample comeilie ii cent actes divers, 
Kt dont la scene est runivers, 

we seem to see as in the Indian apolojjue the human sonl 
lH>liind tho animal mask. How much is this the case in " 1^4 
Cigalo et la Kourini." and hardly less in " Maitre Corlteau." 
But the quality here noted is rare in the mixtern fable. All 
the i-ellnemonts anil elal>orations of later authors art> lieside tho 
fable ))ure and simple. They amusi-, entertain, ))Ossibly instruet, 
but by sometliinjj added, not essentially of the fablo. As Gay 
with us, so Yriartc in the Spanish, I'i^juotti with tho Italians — 
their fables are sraceful, spriffhtly, versatile ; but at l)est they 
can only be doscrilwd as clever literary exercises. Krilolf's 
stand somewhat apart, lifted to the height of genius by tho 
keenness of their satire on Kussian srcietv. • 



Other miMlern falile wrilero an- lilllc im. .<^ In 

(iermnii, HaipMlorii anil (iellert are ttliiiini f . ,i ».. 

would I>>H«|ii(( no fabiiliiit Iw forKntlen Iwt !■ 
eminence In other departinoiil*. HiirhBrroul' ■„■, 

occur in an nice of wlonee, in whirh iheorira i .»». 

nilKrathm are rei;nnl(xl as bile dream«. Ami >•   
and vital principle of the fable I* com-. It can I.  
and fiiKilive acc<-plnnce for the I. 
tx'ttiiilt it enjoys, whether as ; 
Kveii then, the truer the liteniry iiiliio.-. tl' 
artificial the fable Imm-omm-s —until, loadatl lhoi> 
ndornuH-nts of |MM-sy and fancy, it* linRrrinK ia, M It «MM, IMI 
a iM^uliful euthanasia. 

ALK. T. HTOMY. 



THE DRAMA. 

MR. W. L. COURTNBV ON TRAOBDV. 

Mr. W. L. Ciiurtney has prinletl (t'on»tnble) the Ihrpo 
lecturi's which he re<-ently deliveri'd at the Koyal Iiixliluliaa 
on " The Idea of Trageiiy," and very (t<««l re«diii|{ ihey make. 
They revwil, I think, a robust common wn«» rati-- •' • mjr 
eM|M>cial delicacy or flneness of |M>rception ; Ihcir !• to 

conflrm our familiar friend the nian tn the ^tn->i m hi* 
opinion. "Then-," he will say, "didn't I tell you mi ? 
Courtney, a n'-.il scholar, who has n-nil .¥, 
and ICuripid(>s, and all that lot, a(cr<<<>s \ 
to know !" Well, that kind of criticism ha< ii 
- -all kinds Is-inif go<Mt " sauf le (ct>nr»'  
" enniiyenx " Mr. Courtney never is. To " p- 
opinions is to do jiihkI work. I<et m<> not I- . 



Mr. 

-bt 

■»llK> 

" -and 
■ound 

>li'nit«)nd. 



.1 



l( 



In no way do I mean that Mr. Courtney faiU tn thinic for him- 

seif ; I only mean that l>y tem|M>minont and traiuini; ho think* 

— ind«>pendently and freshly and clearly -what are siira to lio 

(thrr>u(;h no fault of his) quite |>opnlar thnnKhtn. Kor 

instance, that is a prCH-niiiiently |>opular thought of his ahtiut 

tragedy, that it must not lie iiessiinistic. TIh> man ^ i<et 

desiix's to lie told that |M>ssimisin " will m-ver d<>." . «> 

told, in effect, by Mr. Court- .,n. 

" Such pessimism as this " (i.f.. i (i)r 

the miwt part fruitless, or if it liear fruit is nlr<>plii<><l. alxrfiro, 

bitter, like D<<aii Sen apples in the iiioiiih. It i.< diltlcttlt, 

|M<rha|>N, to suggest a work of art which is i>«in«-ive«l in lhi« 

spirit, and is the din'ct fruit of Seho|M>nhauer'i •-•—•■"■■ 

lH<rhaps Mr. Hardy's ' Jiidc the OlwiMire' con 

it, a work which depn-ssos hnman ritnlity, nun. > 

take it, ains against humanity. Better examples i-:< 

found in some of /Cola's novels — ' L'A 

others." I fancy I can hear the . 

rustling with wTll-linil satisfaction iii 

eminently |Mipnlar thing to say : thotigli. 

quite sun- that Mr. Courtney say., it not Ixs-aiise it ■,■ 

but for the simple reavm that he honestly lH>lie%-es it. 

Well, it is itermiosible not t<i believe it, nr, at any rate to 
lM>lieve it only with a gisHl many rcMTvalions. Kor what is IJie 
jiarticiilar piei-e of (tessimisin in SclHqienhauer which Mr. 
Courtney is reproving ? It is this. " What givi>s to all 
tragetly, in whatever form it nuiy appear, flic peculiar temlenc/ 
towards the sublime is the awiikening of the kn.' tut 

the wiirlil, life, can affonl us no true pbwsurt". and . tly 

is not worthy of our attachment. I iisisls the irjgio 

spirit ; it, therefore, leads to r<- Tn this Mr. 

Courtney objc>ct.s that the artist '^-oc 

and joyous form of activity," nni i ic, 

an anodyne, a iiumIo ef MMiding to sleep a ceas<>less grumble of 
indignation and di-spair." But is he not confusing the moral, 
the philosophic meaning of a wmrk of art with the spirit, tho 
creative impulse of the artist ? Is he not, in a mumhilnmt way, 
arguing that who drives fat oxen must himself lie fat ? Alt 
artistic creation, all literary p ' ' n, is a form of activity, 
and that it must l>e whatever •-matter, whatever the 

tendency of its teaching. A work iiK-uloaling passivity is in 

2 



Rut 

to 

-I 

lie 
• id 

is an 
>e, I am 
Mipalar, 



8 



LITEKATURE. 



[July 7, 1900. 



itarir a »f>rk of activity. To 8<<ho|N>nluiuor hlninolf the ptwlno- 
tUm of "Tbf W.irld an Will and Idea " limit have Im>«'Ii a form of 
lr»-. v. IiidiH-ii, tlio urtiHt'n IM-Iiof ill his work 

in .' 'i;; AS oil nrtixt, and Iium nothing to do 

wi; <"<Mod or iiiiplii-tl in his work. If art 

** «!■ . . ■" it i* n«>t Imhmii«> of its |M>?<NiiiiiMii, 

but bccanHe <i( its woaknoxNtvt, its !ihortcoiniiif;<., as art. \ |>lny 
written by a rluiiisy, iiiarlioulato. vulKar-niindoU artist will dc- 
pmiH human vitality, tboiiKh itii author bo as iiivorriKiblo an 
optimist as PaucloMt. Dulni*ss, monotony, ciiuiinunncNs of spirit 
— thi<M* arc thf qualilit-a iu a work of art that dcpross. I a(;r«e 
— who will not 7 — with Mr. Courtney that " La Tern- " d<>prt>ss4js. 
But is that bcoaiiM* Zola is a iM-'ssiniist 7 No, I should say 
it is brcaiiso Zola is an Inferior artist. The works of Miss 
Marie ('on>lli doprcvm ino far inorv thoroii(;iily than thu 
worKt of M. Zola's. Yet wa« there over such au optimist as 
Miia Con>lli 7 

I submit, then, that Mr. Courtney docs not jrive Schopenhauer 
his duo. Wo nood not siil)s<*riU^ oursclvj-s i)ossiinista to rooojjuizo 
the onomMUs debt n>sthetics owe to that philosopher. His theory 
of art — the world as representation, onfranchlsi'd from the " will 
to live " — is surely one of the most luniinoiis eontrlbiitlons in 
mixi 1 the motit obsc-ure of suhje<-ts. Hlsth<s)ry 

of ; ..ir, showiiif; how all f;>^*at tragic work Is a 

rIeariuK vl the atmospbero, a ])assa|^ throii;;h storm and stress 
to peace, to th«> " slis-pliif; well " after " life's lltful fever," is 
a theory which holds true without the sllKhte»t reference to p€>8- 
simisni. It Is a development of that nui<!h debated Aristotelian 
adAa^tf, which was, no doubt, in it« origin, rather a lucky casual 
" shot " than an ordennl, thoroughly thought-out th«>ory. 
Arixtotle vraa Taguoly groping after tho truth, res«>rved for the 
nKNiern philosopher to put In Its full and true light, that the real 
iliffrrentiii of tragic " pity " and " terror " Is their " dis- 
intero»te<liies»," the fact that thi-y arc purged of the wlll-to- 
livo. Mr. Cimrtney, however. Is almost as hard on Aristotle as 
h€> la on Schop<>nhaiier. He »ays the Greek jilillosoplier, essen- 
tially a practical man, obje«'te<l to pity and fear as weakening 
human activities, and acc<irdingly " thimght it was Just as well 
that spoetatom should go to a theatre and s<>e what fools the 
trainc rharactera made of themselves liy indulging iu such emo- 
tions." Narrow the Aristotelian lesthetlcs may have liecn, but 
I hardly think they were quite so narrow as that. 

If Mr. Conrtney is unfair to thes** great men, he is, 
it seems to me, more than com|>lalsant to some ])<>ople 
who art- not — or not yet — quite so great, to Mr. Pinero, 
for instance, and to the writer who calls herself " Zack." 
Among younger dramatista he singles out two, Mr. 
Kamoiid and^ — Mr. Laurence Irving ! Iltsen ho trcata with a 
oonsideration all the mon; crtHlitablc iHi-auso it is evident 
that li« does not " fre<?ly and joyously " like that author. His 
objeetion to Ilisen's " provinciality"^" popular " though tho 
opinion is- will, I think, Ik- accepte*! as substantially true by all 
Kavc tho out-and-out Ibsenlte, a lio|M'lessly lm|>ossibl(; person, 
not to lj<" reasoned with. There in soiiiethiiig " (larochial " in 
Ibson at times. It is all very well to say that a humble ])arlsh 
may hold all the great ]iassions of hiitnanity. True ; but It Is 
also true that, other things Ix-ing equal, the larger tho stage tho 
greater the psHsions, and tho freer their play. That is tho real 
Justification of tho " heroes " and " princesses " of French 
classic tragedy ; if tho personages of the drama are chosen from 
» class aliovo ordinary law you get a l)etter ch.ince of se«'lng tho 
elcaicntal forces of natun; in tlieir naked truth. Our nuMlerii 
"borgo«s"tr ry well, but there is also much to lie 

■aid for «l»o I' m-o on " w-tto trlstessc nuijeKtueiiius 

 lie." And so, In the main, one 
l[ Mr. Courtney, I s<>c, has iMM'n 
nerc<?ly (anil f<»iliHhly) allacke<l for making :—" There nmy be 
ir.iL-<-<i;.s irj S.,ii!h Hamimtead, though experience iloes not 
'y to tho fact ; but at all events from tho 
..,■....,,■ -„..;,..,. .iioiul stand-point, tragedy is more likely to 
rcmcem Itself with GUmys Castle, Melroso Abbey, Caris- 
broofce, or eren with Carlton House Terrace." Bat whether ono 



agwvs or disagrees with this or that opinion of Mr. Courtney's, 
ono cannot lint tliaiik him for what is throughout a serious, 
tem|H'r.ite, and com|>otont discussion of u dinicult and unjustly 
neglecloil subject. 

A. B. WALKLEY. 



A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PARIS EXHIBITION. 



[Compiled by Mr. E. A. REYNOLDS BALL.] 

Tho literaturo of tho liKK) Exhibition may be coiiveuiently 
classlntHt under fhroo heads. 

(1) (;ul<le-l»ooks (Knglish and French). 

('2) Serial Pulilicatlons. 

(:t) OHicial Jiejiorts, fVitn/ogiM?* Raixonm'x, &c. 

I.-OUIDE-BOOKS. 

(a) KiigliiOi. 

A Pii.c;KiMA<iK TO Pauik. By .\. V. Morris. Illiist. Ig. 
H. Cox. \n unconventional little eompanioii to Paris and the 
Exhibition, written in the somewhat old-fash iono<l narr.idve form. 

iOxiliiiiTloN Pauis, ISKXI. A Practical (luide, eo:itaining 
information as to means of Locoinotiim, Hotels, Kesiaurantti, 
Cafes, Theatres, Shops, Museums, Buildings and Monuments, 
Daily Life and Haliils, (lie Curiosities of Paris and of the 
Exhibition. 4.')(t pp. Illnst. Maps and Plans. Cr. 8vo. "Js. not. 
H<MnemHiiM. Bas(>(l inainlyon Ha<'liett«''s " ttiiido it rKxposition," 
" Paris-llaelielte," and " .\liiiaiiacli-Hachette," but consider.ibly 
enlarged. A llioroiiglily eoiiscieiitious compilation, certainly 
the Im-sI ill most resiMX-ts of any Eiiglisli guides. The Kxliibltion 
liortlon Is, liowever, a prosiss-live lallier tlian an actual account. 

In Paiiis. By K. S. Macquoiil. Is. Methnen. The informa- 
tlon, es|)ecially as regards the Exhiiiition section, Is almost too 
elementary. 

Haiii'Ku'h Uciuk to Pauis axo tiik Exi-ositiox. 2i)'i pp. 
(Rxhiliitlon 44pp.) 4s. Harper and Bros. A carefully compiled 
guide with giMxl lUustratluns. Deflciont, however, iu good maps 
or plans. 

Black's OnwE to Pahis. Exhibition E<litlon. 170 pp. "24 
Maps and Plans. Is. A. and C. Black. Tho Informntion is 
thoroughly up to date, even tho destruction of the Tlieiltro 
Fran(;aise last March iM-iiig duly recorded. The chief features 
of tile Kxliililtioii are well sumiiiari/ed within the limits of 47 pp. 
The maps and plans are a<-curato and distinct. 

DANfii.K'K ({fiiiK TO Paiiis ami thk Exiiinrriox, by A. M. 
Thompson. Illnst. Cd. Walter Scott, The tiH-atinent Is uncon- 
ventional, but the information Is evidently derived at llrst hand. 

Exi'iiKss GiiuK Til THK ExiiiniTioN, by K. Mayer. Illust. 
110 pp. Is. Expri'ss Oflice, 'ilt, Kii<! lioyale, Paris. 

Axci-o-Saxon GriDK. iip. 2(l'2. (Exhibition 108). 100 illus- 
trations, many plans. Is. not. B<X)t and Sons, Ltd. In a limited 
sensc> an oflic-ial gui<le, as it is the only English guiilc sold within 
tho Exhiliition. Well arranged and readable. Tho sc<>tloual plans 
are c-learly engr.ived aud accurate. 

Nearly every one of the old-ostabllshed guides to Paris 
(Baetleker', Caswll. Ward, Lock, Bradshaw, Cool;. &■<■■) h.is Im«ii 
n'printeil or rather n-pulilislied In view <f the Exhiliition year, 
with. In many cases, a rather meagi-e ap|M>ndlx <lealing with the 
Exhiliition. As a matter of fact, little reliable or oIllciaL Infor- 
mation was to lie obtained even by the most conscientious 
compilerearly in tliey<'ar. The most trustworthy and )iractical of 
thes<> guide-lKsiks is iM>rli:ips Ward, Lock's, which has a fuller 
section (40 pp.) on tho Exhibition than the generality of these 
handliooks. Baedc-ker devotes 8 iwges to a wcll-condonsod 
MUinmary of the Exhibilioii. 

(b) Frriwh. 

L'ExfOMiTioN I'ocn Tofs. 92 pp. Jllnst. CiOc Moutgredion, 
8, Hue S. .losi'pli, Paris. \n unpretentious but jiractical giiidi!. 

Gi'iDi'; A L'Exi'oHiTioN. Ha<;heite. A c<imprt!heiislve hand- 
book much In use with French people. 

GuiHK CoNTV. Illust. 1 fr. An Engljsh edition has recently 
l>een publislie<t at 'is. Od., by Dulau. Thoroughly popular in 
treatment. 

.J<iannk's Gt;il>K A Parih. 7 fr. ."iO c. Lust edition IIWO. 
Hachette. Has a fairly accurate description (;10 pages) of tlw 
Exhibition. 

II. SERIAL PUBLICATIONS, 
(a) Kiif/IMi. 

TllK Paiiis ExifiniTioN. Twelve monthly jiarts at Is. M. 
each. (Part 12 wilt not ap|M-ar till April, 11)01.) Edited by Iho 
editor of the .4 rt ./oil run/. Virtue and (!o. The Ih-sI features 
am the numerous exquisitely repro<luce<l photographs and 
engravln;f!% This is the liest of tho many Exhibition sorials in 



July 7, 1900.] 



LITEIUTLHE. 



9 



Kn(fli!«li. Tlio luttcrproHH in l>y viirimis <-x|M!rtH. It In tlii> only 
Kii);l>>*l> |><*i'ii><li<'i>l vvhii'li cuii ('(iiii|>ui'i< al nil withtliu luiiiiuiiK-iilat 
voi'k iif M(inl;{ri'<lii'ii i"l C'io. (Se«i Imlnw.)  tg^ 

TiiK NiNCTKKN llrvDitKK. WiM'kly, M. IlliiHt. Marl- 

liorim^;!! iiixl Co. Tliin is an aiiiMliims xviirk, nillicr ! i.i;...- 

and lia|>luiz;inl in its arraiiu:<>inont, wliidi cIuIimm to Ih) ■.\ 
llt«'niry anil pictorial history of llm KNliil)ition. It _ 
early us INI)'), anti will Imi <M>ni|>lot<>il at llio end nf Mm |irr>M-nr, 
your. Tli<M'oni|ili't«> issne will Itu pulilisliixl in llvi> volumes, prico 
:t7f. Tho text, is in KiikIihIi unil Krcncli In parallel <:oIuuiiin. 
Much of the information is of an ephemeral character, anil us n 
work of referenci- it. is inferior to the exhaustive anil thorough 
Hcriul cydopieilia of the Kxposition of MM. .Mi>iit;{ro<lit!ii et Cie. 

(b) Fn-nrh, >4I .r«f| 

L'K.xi'oMiTlON DE Parim. Montgroilien et CIp. Tlio eom- 

ploto work is t/o he piil)lishe<l in three volnnies at "JOf. (two have 

nlreiuly appearisd), and will contniii over ;!,00() cn){ravin;j«. I'nln 

lished also in weekly partft at 50o. 

In this nionninental work— ii vorltiiblo eyclopredla — innny of 
the l«!.st-knowii Kii'm-h authors and artists of the day have oi>- 
operat<!il. Anions the contrilnitors !ir<< MM. .Inles Cliiretie and 
Mi'/.ieivs, of the Kii'iich Academy, M. Lanssedat, r)ir«'ctor of tiMi 
Consorviitoire iles .\rts, and M. I'aniille Klanunarion. The llrst 
volume will Ixi devoteil to an exhaust ivo di'si-ription of the ^niit 
jiornianeiit nmnnments of the K\liil)ition. In the second volnnie 
the various palai-es of the nations and the lniildin;;s erect<'d liy 
private enterprise will lie dealt with. The lust volume will lie 
«levot<Hl to the principalcontt'nts of the palacesand ff.illeries, an<l 
tlio fjrcat " side shows," an<l will conclndo with an oxhaustivo 
comptr rcmlii, coinprisinfi a pictorial reooni of the Kxhiliition from 
its o|)eninK to its clojie, descriiiinft the /i-Zr-s, couKn'sses, &e. 

KiuAlii) E.M'Osri'loN. Five monthly iiarts at :tf. each. 2fl, 
Ruo Dronot, Paris. The numerous ilUistrations ore ailmirablo 
re|)ro<luctions by (ionpil and Co. 

Lk PaNIIHAMA UK L'K.Xl'OSITtON I'XIVWtliELLK. 12, Hue do 
I'Abbaye, Paris. In twenty parts at (50c. each, of which tlireo 
have already apiwared. 

Li: MoxriKin dks E.xi'ositioxh. 0, line ho Peletier, Paris. 
This is a M"nii-<>lticial pnblicatiini issued to sul)s<-ril>crsonly at 17f. 

III.- OFFICIAL PUBLICATION& 

A large unmlier of olllcial re|>orts and catalogues will bo 
issued towards the close of the Kxhiliition. 

The Kai'I'iuit (Ikxkuai. alone, edited by the Commissioner- 
Oeneral, Monsieur Picard, will consist of nine or ten volumes. 
There are also the reports, ennally voluminous, of the various 
eouKresses. and the IJaiiport of the .lury International. When 
it is reiucmlieri'il that there will be some seventy distinct con- 
ferences or eoiiKivsses in the various departments of Science, 
Applied Science, Industry, Fine Arts, Hygiene anil Medicine, 
Political anil SiM-ial Kcononiy, Kducation, itc, covering, in 
short, the whole tleld of siK'ial and intellectual progress, it will 
bo understood that the literature of the purely educational 
aspect of the UXH) Kxhiliition will be surticiently voluminous. 

It will he convenient to give here a summarj'of the principal 
■fopograiihical, historical, and soi-ial works on Paris jteuerally 
which have Im-ou published within the last twelve months. 

lJKl.l.of, HuAiliK. A History of Paris. 4(58 pp. Five sketch 
maps. 7s. Oil. Arnold. liKK). Descrilx's tlio development of 
Paris up to the Kevolution. 

BiMox, PiKuUK. Lectures snr I'Histoire do Paris. 212 pp. 
Illust. If. .')0c. E. Flaimuarion. Paris. 18W. 

Bts.si>x, A. Paris Intime. 322 pp. Illust. .Ifr. .V)c. E. 
Flannnarion. Paris. 181)1). Deals with the various phases of 
tlio I'lV iiih'iiic of the Fiviicli capital. 

Dk Cot iiKirriN, lUiiox Pikuuk. France since 1814. Os. 
Chapman. llKK). A i-eprint of articles which appeared in 1808-1)1) 
in the Fortiiiijlitlii Itrrifir. 

Db FoitK.sT, Kathaiiixk. Paris as it is. 284 pp. Many 
illustrations. .")s. Brentano. Paris. 11K)(>. Well-informeil chapters 
on the literary, artistic, and social life of Paris. 

Hauk, a. .1. C. Paris. .V>8 ))p. Numerous woodcuts, tis. 
G. Allen. 11)00. An adminible boi>k, absolutely indispensable for 
all who wish to learn something of the anti^unrian aud archico- 
logical asi>ects of Paris. 

Maciminai.ii, .1. F. Paris of the Parisians. 108 pp. 5s. 
'Grant K'ichards. 11)00. 

Maiitin. B. E. The Stones of Paris in History and lyotters. 
pp. 571). (')2 illustrations. 2 Vols. 18s. Smith, Elder, and Co. 
1900. An exhaustive and conscientious work, dealing with the 
liistoric and literary assix'iations of Paris. 

Mdhiiow. W. ('. Bohemian Paris of To-day. 100 illust ra- 
tions, 'is. Chatto aud Windus. 181)1). (iives an unusually full 
description of tlio literary aud eccentric cafes. 



Pai r 
II. c. 

Pralium-. Ill 
Fisher L'nwiii. 

„.' ,i'....K' ..iill,....., 



Pari. 



II. 



miliar." MO pp. 



L..S..\. I'.MX). (Am : 
by Fisher Lii"iii.l 
niid prest-til. Ii 
Vol. II. deni rtf ^ 

lie. 

\ ASDAM, A. Al 

lections iluring the I. 
Km)*ire. :ts. (hi. Dth huir ,.,ii. 
ViTf, At(il»fr»:. Paris. '.V' 



»imI Itiiw iD Ittaa ia t^ria. 

IINMI. 



"-"1. 

. Pari*. 



IRcvicws. 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY. 

Vol. LXIII. of the IJllTlllXAUV OK .\aI|i>.NA1. J....... <ifl«T 

(Smith, Elder) bringa this grt'at work to » eloma ; ami we imu m 

debt of homage and gratituik- r 

making of it. This branch of 1 1 

in another column. 11- 

pla<*e, with con.siderii.. 

show the scope and uiati»it>i' 

tionary " supplies notices of ; 

larger numlicr than ar<3  

published in other eouni: 

Biographic " has only 23,273 articlen, tl> o( 

American Biography only alNnit 2U,0UO, wl '"' 

Swedish National biogniphies lag far iK'hii ^ 

aud 4,000 articles resiiectivcly. Tin' ' 

scale of the English Men i>f Lett' 

been given to Sli i by Mr. Sulu'-.v L<<'. M 'k- 

of Wellington by K. M. I.loyd, ami .*tl t<i by 

Mr. C. H. Firth. A ; 

the names which IV^-ii: 

are not the iianii' 

of celebrities. 1'\  • 

of 1U5, and the Joni^tes are » fair seeond with i 

Browns — whom .ludge Hughes averre*! to l»e ivt 

thing that is great and gotNl in British hist' 

aback to And thenisidves Ixniton in th-- .... .... 

Stewarts and the Haiuiltotis ; whilit tli< i will Iw 

disappointisl with a |H>sition ' ' 

Taylors, Thompsons, luid WiK 

Moorcs, CaniplMills, Murrays, l>uu^iu.M.'s, L);iviM.'», WiImuu, muX 

Howards. 

The editoi-s rightly resolvi>il to err, if at  • (Me of 

over-comprehensiveness. Their principleaaretJi . , iinded: — 

Every endeavour has iH-en made to accnitl admiiMoa to 

I'vcry statesnuin, lawyer, divine, painter, author, invrntor, 

actor, physician, surgism, inau of »<-ieiict>. traveller, municiaii, 

soldier, s;iilor, bi'i 

wliosi- career pri>vi. 

tiou from oblivion. No > 

i)verlooke<l. Niches I' 

leaders of society who have eonimai' -o. 

Malefactors whoso crimen excite a p- 'Vc 

received hardly less attention than bvnefarlon. 

Striking exainpU-s of 111 • • 
volume lH>for»> lis; and tl>. 
more st  
Wyatt. 

any other aniiy surgeon ; ot .Sir Charles lj>- 
niatist, whose can'<'r was hanlly differ»'nt t 
i-aroor, baldly chr<micle»l in the Fonngn Ofllce list : of Worth, 
the dressmaker; Zaehnsdorf, tlie bookbiii<l«"- ^'"' Znt. riort. ii»i 



10 



LITERATURE. 



[July 7, 1900. 



cteaa plajwr, fiuKNiMfor his " irrofnilnrnprnlnirH " : while Kdmund 
YatM (Ata lv« eolumiiii and u-half l>y Mr. Tlioiiuis S<m-<>(iiiiIm^. 

A fair ;" ';<«> full iti tho 

Toluiuo. Tho. A onlswiirth, whU'h 

M\ an It wcrp by ri^ht to ihp jx-n o( .Sir. L(>>ili<t .Stophon. It is 
extrrioply iiitcn>stiii);. and it <M>iitainH a cH>liiinn of t<>rM> and 
jiidifinUH rriticiKin. HiinuninR up what thorp is to my and what 
has bfon Kaid over and over aicnin abi>ut WonWworth — a ctduniii 
rpmarkable, wboii wi« rt>ntcmbpr thp writpr, for itfl i;rpat 
rv«tniint. On one littlo imint Mr. Stephen siinOy jpxw ustmy — 
viz., uhcn ht> N)M'«ks iif the inspimtinn which the |M><>t derived 
from *' the Vr^ nier Hiinuinil." li.-onnnd (inori> corr«>otly 

K.iiiiond lie t <) woiilil h.irdly know hjnineir under this 

fie*' I* liis rt«l f.-inie was ns n writer of Al))ine l>»i(ks, 

an <  .1 I he PyreniH~«. and a man of science. He held a 

M-ienlillc prof<>^sorshi|i at Tsirlx-^i, nnti M^as a member of tho 
Inotitnt tie France. The oilier Woiilsworths trealtnl are Charles, 
Bishop of St. AudrewM, by the Bishop of Salisbury ; 
Christopher, Master of Trinity, by Mr. .1. Willis Clark ; and 
Christopher. Bishop of Lincoln, by Canon Overton. Another 
of Mr. Leslie Stephen's contributions is tho life of Ed«n»rd 
Toiini;, till- author of " Night Tlioufrhfs" — a sympathetie study, 
which illustr!»t«»s the c.-itholicity of the writer's tastes. Mr. 
Sidney Lee is res|M>nsil)li> for the lives of Henry Wriothesley, 
thirti Kirl of Soulh.tmpton, ShakesiK-an-'s patron, and of .Sir 
Henry Wotton. The former is a contribution of preat imimrt- 
ance both fnini an historical and a literary point of view, and 
we must not jierhaps complain that Mr. Le«> states his own view 
of the de<lication to the sonnets as nn established theory. The 
life of Wotton is another example of the can'fnl scholarship of 
Mr. Lee, though we r.ithor regret that he do»>s not give more 
• isual n-ference to Sir Henry Wotton's relations with 
I. All the facts are in Mark Pattison's Life of Casanbon, 
uliiih Mr. Lee (|Uotes. and they an- verj' pictures<|Ue. In his 
life of Sir liicluiid Worsley, Mr. Warvvick Wroth mak<>s a 
rurious omission. He does not mention his grand tour under 
the tutorship of (Jiblmn's Swiss friend Deyverdun, though 
Gibbon tells us in tlu- .\utobiography thathegot Deyverdun the 
appointment. Philip Stanhope Worsley, tho translator of the 
Odyss«-y, is written of Bympathctieally by Mr. Itichard 
(laniett. Other lives to which it seems proper to draw 
attention are those of William of Wykehaiii (hero Mr. 
James Tait haa Imn-u forestalletl by Mr. fJ. H. Moberly, whose 
excellent biography reaclie<l a second e<lition in 181KI) ; Chris- 
topher Wren (14 pages), by Mr. F. C. Penrose; William 
Wycherley, by Mr. G. A. .\itken ; .lohn Wyclillo (iM i)age^), by 
the Kit. Hastings Kashdall. 



VOLUMES OF VERSE. 



MmthUd* BUnd. 

The iKietess fo whose memory Mr. Arthur Symons has lately 
wndi-n-il n '«-nlnable service through his com|)lete edition of her 
prietn-— Tmk I»i.itu m. WoHirs ok M.vtiiii.dk Bum) (luwin, 
"»- ' contrast to her e<litor. The one 

*■•■■ life, the other with its oiitw-iird 

•nj' ~. 'I'he one, naturally giftiMl with a style, devotes 

•h'' 'fnl attention to its elaboration ; the other, far li-ss 

well endowiHl in this dini-tion, is, more often than not, quite in- 
attentive to form. Again, while Mr. Symons is for ever subtly 
V<>ilin|t his |ierw>nality, that <if Miss Blind stands reveale«l in 
•InHMt every one of her |KM-ms. Indeetl these, as Dr. (Jamett 
*my» at the eonelnsion of the ndmimble memoir which ho 
•Oil* to thi» volume, are tho faithful relliMtion 

o* '• 'er. At the same time he contends that " they 

arw lAr tfi»n expressing the eiilir<> forie and depth of her 
natur<'," and it is this conviction that makes his intrinluctory 
»keteh no hel|iful t.. a just appreciation of her work. After 
leartiliiL- the t lr< iiin.ianris* of her girliiood and of her ardout 
■•» lis trutbii few Mill fail to tind themsolTca 

^ <-■ •• train of thonght which renultod in after 



years in " Tho Prophecy of St. Ornn," while the glimpses 
alIonit<4l US of her enthusiasms for (iaribaldi, Mazaini, and the 
Polish patriot Langiewicz will tend to eiuphasl/.e the nobility of 
f«N«ling which prompte«l "The Heather on Kiiv " and help to 
tide over its def»H-ts. Chief among these is its dlflnseness, which 
is in greiit measure due to the unfoi-tunato seUs'tioii of an eight- 
lintxt stanza instead of the moiv manageable six-lined stanza used 
ill " St. Onin," the iiiost complete of alt li<>r longer |K)ems. As to 
" The Ascent of Man," it is hai-dly to Im> woiulensl at that the 
subject, as we have In-fore wild, provisl loo much for her. Tho 
effort sulwid(>s after prolongt><l and chaotic movement, eventually 
dying away with the last ver-.e of " Tli.' Leading of Sorrow " 
into thiH faint echo : — 

And l>eside me in the golden inoniing 

I iK'lield ray shrouded pliaiitom-giiide ; 
But no longer sorrow — veiled and mourning — 

It l><><-ame tr.insllgiin-d at my side. 
And I knew--as one eseais'd from jirison 

Sees old things again with fi-<\sh surprise — 
It was Love himself, Love re-arisen 

With the Kternal shining through his eyes. 
Miss Blind is on far surer ground in " Lovo in Exile," many 
of the poems in which have the iM'rsonal touch so characteristic 
of her. But iierhaps the sonnets are, of all her poems, the most 
instinct with a uiagnetio attraction. Tako this well-known 
aj>ecimcn, for instance : — 

Cleave thou the waves that weltering to and fro 
Surge multituilinous. The eternal Powers 
Of sun, mo(.>n, stars, the air, tlio hurrying lioui>s, 
The winged winds, the still dissolving show 
Of clouds ill calm or stonu, for ever flow 

.\1m)Vo thee ; while the abysmal wa devours 
The untold dead insatiate, wliei-e it lowoi-s 
O'er glooms unfathoiii'd, Itmitless, bolow. 

No longer on tho golden-fretted sands, 

Where many a shallow tide aliortivo chafes, 
Mayst thou delay ; life onwanl swe<>ping blends 

With fai-oll heaven ; the dauntless one who braves 
The perilous flootl with calm unswen-iiig hands, 
The elemonts sustain ; cleave tliou the waves. 
It was a spirit such as this that kept mniiy faithful friends 
l>eside her in spite of those tiefects of her ijualities to which Dr. 
Garnett so gently and sympathetically alludes in a memoirwhich 
should certainly tend to increase Miss Blind's i>opuIarity. 

Mp. a. O. Butlep. 

.\ll the piect's in Mr. A. O. Butler's Clloil'K ok Aciiii.i.fn, 
ASl» Otiikk Pokms (Krowde, '2s. (id.) In-ar witness to <|(iick sym- 
pathies and genuine feeling. The title |>oem and that called 
*' Tho Choice of Heracles " are both what wo should ex|KH-t 
from so well known a scholar and so cultivated a wTiter 
of verse. The sentiments expivsse<l in tho patriotic poems 
are of the right sort, and kindred to these in spirit is tho 
welcome to Nansen. That he has breadth of view will l)e plain 
to any one who has read " A ' Parson's l'leasiii-<>-groiind ' " and 
" HiMlgi', ' the Nateral Man,' " while " Love and learning," "A 
Hnined Cottage in the Highlands," and sev<'ral 4ither pieces art* 
full of tenderness. We (|Uote from the poem called " Tho Old 
Books," a very just appix<ciation of newer ones : — 

The new l>ooks, the new Inioks, the other nobler kind ! 

Straight from the heart they come and s|K-ak, and round the 
heart they wind ; 

Man-ella in her lovelier nuH>d, a Stevenson, a Thrums, 

A Kipling great in camp and woihI, a Besant in tht'sluius. 

Not theirs to hint that all is dark, the sun has fled the day ; 

Not theirs to stamp the fallen leaf more deeply in the clay ! 

Ill every life thiry find a strain of gcsxl as yet untold ; 

In simple hearts, a noble vein of unsuspected gold : 

They hold the mirror to otir times, they jiaiut in motley dyes 

The image of ourwanta and crimes ; they bid us sympathize. 

Anil not iu vain: so rich the art, ho rare thi! paint<>r's 8kill 

They wake in every sleeping heart the old knight -errant still. 



July 7, ir»00.] 



LriEHATLKE, 



II 



Wliiit Mr. niitlcr liaH lliinlly to suy aliout tho old iKiokH, and it i« 
quito worth Baying, wo must Icavti otlicrk to read for tliciiiMslvK^. 

"Po«nia fop Plotupaa." 

The till)' III Ml', \•^,,v^^ M. Jliiofrur'H little volitine Focmh run 
Picii Ills |Miicqiii<«ii, '2n. ii.)iit<>iK'o |irnvi(li»t a ccrluiii Ntuiid|M)iiii 
for criticisiii and dii'tH-lly iiltnti'tH tlm rt-udi-r to two |k«miiw in 
which, liy lulK>lliiiK tlioiii ciifh " For n (lictiiro," lie iiioro UH|M><-Ially 
draws uttoiil inn. The Miilijix-t of tho llrnt of tluiiii Ih thu wull- 
knowii Htory of St. KtliolhiirKu of Kent who, uoddod to the i>af(uii 
Kdwiii of Northiiiiibriii, with dillindty coiivortvd him, and after 
his death in Imttlu roturiiod to diu iiiiioiif; her own |>eu|ilc. Tim 
si'oiio Koluclod for tho |iii-tiiro is tlcscrilHNl in tho following vcnx', 
the rest of tho ihk'Iii Iii'Iiik di-sifjnod, iis wo tiiki- it, to timoli in tin- 
whole tall', to lii-iKhti'ii its loc'ul colour, iind giMiorully to briiiK 
our symimlhics into lino : — 

Qnccii, saint, ovanpclist ; swcoi |tati<-nt, fain to wait 
With criicitlx in hand, broad brow and halo<<<l crown 
Half hidden by tho coif, she ontcrs through that giitc. 
She enters through that door, where t«|M'stry<lrawn back 
I^eft siH>n, n moment since, an apple lawn ; but miKirs 
Hpread faraway beyond. That span of shorn g«.'en turf, 
Won liimi the heather's grasp, will wliisin-r of regn-t 
Kor far-oil swarded downs — 

For far-olt Kentish downs, soft sky and glint of son, 
Swoet chiiiio of convent Ix'lls and flower scents of home. 

We fancy that t ho iiiontal vision of any one reatling this vei-s*' 
earernlly would rest ilin'iiig the (Irst tlir(H< linos with the Que<Mi 
as she looks into the Saxon hall. In the llfth line, however, it 
liecomes iieoe.ssary rapidly to shift the jioiiit of view, for we are 
now looking out from the hall upon the glimpse of landsca|H' 
beyond it, while the last lines transfer ns with Ktliellnirga's 
home-sick hi"art to Kentlaml. There would be nothing notice- 
liblo in this but for the fait that Mr. HiielTer invites us to con- 
ceive, and to paint if we can, an actual picture. That l«'ing so, 
everything should he prcsentefl to us from one point of vision, 
iind the writer's effort concent nttedu)>on the one scene. But he 
distracts our attention a stanza or two later with the queslior- 
ing of the wisdom of the Queen's religion which subse<|uently 
occurred in the crowiU^I interior— a far more «lmmatic subject 
iuileeil, but one which we are not espei-ially iiivite<l to consider. 
Williont printing the whole |MK>m it is <lil1icult to illustrate its 
vagiH' ililTuseness. (iencrally sjieaking, however, we fancy that 
any deliberate attempt to " iM>se " a poi^'ui would Ik> no more 
likely to succeed than the converse attempt to paint a picture 
solely with the object of inspiring verse. .\nd if we were askiil 
to pick out the most pictorial piece in the b<x>k we should cite 
the little poem calle<l " The Pwllar Leaves the Bar Parlour at 
Dymchurch." which qviite unintentionally leaves a far completer 
picture in the mind than either of the more conscious efforts. 

But the little volume carries a sub-title — " Poems for Notes 
of Music '■ — which is amply justiflinl. The song-drama, " King 
C'ophetiia's Wooing," is a delicatelibretto which would admirably 
suit a dainty score : any one with an «'ar might improviw a 
nieloily to run with " A Lullaby " ; and " At the Bal Masqui' " 
also taps with an air upon a fanciful brain. These are three of 
many instances which prove Mr. lIuelTer's lyric gift. In the 
lirst of these we notice a little flaw which is often iliseernible- a 
" literariness," if we may so expn'ss il, |H<eping out iK'hind his 
puppets. " If I make you Que«>n," says the disguis(>d (.'ophetna. 
And I'hrislinc immediately catches him up with, " Make, why 
make, not made '{ " For a Iw'ggar maiden she w.->s uncommonl.v 
ciuick to catch at the subtle distinction. Yet sometimes the iioei 
is singularly liap]>y in blending mattei-of-factness with literary 
fancy : — 

When ye'vo got a child 'at's whist for w-.iiit of fixxl 
And a grate as git>y's y'r 'air for want of wooil, 
.\iul y'r man and you ain't nowise not much gixwl ; 

Oh - 

It's hard work a-Christmassing 

(.'arolling. 

Singin' son^s about the Babe whai'^ hoin. 



|M<o|n out IrOM 

i>f \ ■•r«#,ft, f >lill I 



Wo miKbt chniice iiim,i 

or country < 

of tliiit or the "t... . I.... ,.,-.- .., V,- 
llttUi |iO(>in. In One, Mr. Ilueffer'n •' 
is of more than areraKo lnt<<ro*l. 

Little i>( the hisliii'iun or the 
the pugen of .Mr. liomtio K. Bn. 
(fii-unt Hichards, 5k. n.), yet their aulh' 
Htudelll of the kiKlory of Venice aiol "- 
Tho nioHt inter<>Hiing piece* In ih' 
Song of Caednion " and the hcxaniei 
pleasant record uf flying M-enes ami 
sions, from the |H-niH.il of which we i 
slight fatigue which atteniN uii .>' 
away by u vtuily of the landM-»|M-. 

In his traiiBlated |iooni, Thk Sityh (Williuii. . 
Mr. Cliarlea Inniii Uowen haa ma<le a darini; aa<i 
unsuccetMful attompt to catch the spirit uf Victor Hu^'> < 
conceiveil ami Im)IiI1\' uxccutoil nll»uory. Tlie ^miviii tt.ll 



tiiivly 

I IujW 



foot, was 
..f thp < 



ihh 
< of 

•w 

•• : 
th« 

tliv 

ikl 

ait 
.•ir 
-.II.* 
II* • 



Pan, revelliii 

dragytsl up i' 

upon thb cliM 

to sing he co: 

ileitieH ]NiNt " : and ol Chaos and (.'reatKni and t 

fruitful Earth, and of tho lieaata who tyoif^ inr 

and, lastly, of .Man, more sentient and nu': 

possession of a soul, |iassing through ' " ' 

conception of a I>iriiii< Ideal l>efur« 

ilwimlle to naught— till his Iieau' 

conquere<l the Karth without  

hpBtIs in aninzcnieiit and iH'gaii to let 1 ' 

All. .\ll this Mr. Kowen has rendered ii.. 

rough-hewn couplets, of which the following am (air siwctn ' ' - 

O, Human Man, be you Humanity 

Man, Woman, Child— that glorious Trinity ! 

Seed of a King and larva of a Ood. 

Slave, demon, be transfigiirerl. Spirit-slioil 

And »!'• ■'!, on. on, usn 

.\v. SCI th<!> ■N»ii "T' I'd bisfhwr, 

O »trong-wi 

Mount to t: 

L'|Hm the heavenly I 

And hurl to Hell yom 

Mr. William Gerard's tragetly r»ot.ct?w fKe^n Paul, ^ ) 
tells tlie old sad story of a ^ - Iwfoiv 

his time, first dreaming of I: '•«•• for 

the |>«ople aUrtit him, then striking « -i ormt- 

wheiming odds, lastly betrayed and di..^,...... .- ' ■« 'wiii 

the faithful few who love<l him l>«st, but len^ »•• 

better off and no worse off Uiao before. Tlwi e 

fail to bo many tine |>assages in 

tieranl handles Imtli his !■' ' ' 

but the action throui;hoiit » 

comprMsion. 

Ijaslly we may iioti' a miie \onmi,' .m .i 
kind. Thk Sriit wwhij-ctkii .Xu-iiahet (Cmnt I; 
naturally, like "the |M>litical Si I'l! -'>- 

of noiiM-nsc ver>es. the ven'os I  'id 

the illustrations by .Mr. K. <". IJouUI. t> i»- 

Ixwk lietter than by giving a «|>«-.-imen • ir. 

This is what wt find under " Z " 

Z is Zola, so« I 

Look at bini on 

He SI 

I.ay» ' 

tion-M^ till- 1.11, / 

K-terhaxy, too. 

Into the |>ot by (»•»• mihI (»,>^ 

He plunges all and crit-s, " J'accu'*' ! 



i,i iisidly 

play of this kiiul. antl Mr. 

- cbar«ct«rs w«ll, 

T a gooil (Ual of 



12 



literature; 



[July 7, 1900. 



MOUNTAINEERING. 




la 

We have in Thb AacxxT of Moint Saint Eliah, Dr. 
Filippo de Filippi's account of tlio Krval cliiiib orKiinixod 

aixl iiinlort;>k<>n l>y tlio 
^ Diiko of I lie .\l>ru7.7.i 

(('oiist.i)>lo, Ills. (I<l. II.), 
tlio story of tlio (li>t 
.\luskaii inountaiiiooriiiK 
••xiKslition that has ur- 
(■oiii|ili!tbc«l sonsntioiial 
roMuIts. The niouiitain in 
i|iipstion was cliscovrivcl 
.iiul ohrist«Mi«Ml liy BclirliiK 
in 1741. It wiis llrst 
iiiea>ur<><l (most inaccur- 
:ii. ly) in nst\, l)y tlio 
;i~t ioiiouier with Lii P<>- 
rouM', who rv|iifst'iito<I it 
as only 12,072 fovt hiftii. 
Tho S|>aniard Mala.s|>ina, 
whoso iiaiuo is now borno 
by the groat .Malaspina 
(ilaeior, also iiioasnre<l it 
ill 17iri, and assiKiio<l it 
tlio iiincli );rpatcr altitn<lo 
of I7,K.")1 foot. Then fol- 
lows a gap in flio history 
of tlieniountaiii until 1K,VJ, 
whon a Kussian roiKirt, 
liasoil on iufonnatioii ilc- 
I'ived from tradors, de- 
clares it to lie a volcano 
—a statoinent that was 
not d«>liiiitoly disjirovod 
I 111 iiiaiiy years afterwards. 
Mr. W. H. Dall, of tho 
L'liited States Survey, 
snpijortcd this erroneous 
view as reeeiitly as 1874. 
Mr. C. E. S. Wootl, who set out to explore the iiioiintaiii in 1877, 
failed to effect a landing on the coast. The llrst real attempts 
to climb tho mountain are those associated with the names of 
- ' - :)tka, ill 188U, Topham in 1888. and Kubsell in 180U ; but these 
• rs only attained tho heights, res|H'Otively, of 7,2(K>, 
ll.HK), and 14..VMI fe<>t. Bad weather and inadetfuate equipment 
wer«! their dinicultie-. The ascent of Mount .Saint Klias is 
r«"«lly an Arctic as well as an .Mpiiie journey, and is only to Imi 
nrhieve<l by carefully organized endeavour. Tho Diike of the 
/zi pre|»are«l himself for all einerK«>neies as dlli(;ently ns 
N.iMMMi when he started for tho Pole. His companions, 
I,. ... |)r. Fitippi, were Lieutenant C'agni, of the Italian Navy, 
('.•.dl.tix Francesco Gonella, president of the Turin S«'ction 
<if the Italian Alpine C'Inb, and Cavaliei^ Vittorio Sella, tho 
eminent mountain photographer. He took four lt»r 
and one Italian porter. Ten local |>ort4-rs were ei 

• ' 1 . four sailors, one gold diggci-, and 

• i-o also pr»>ss<nl into the s«'rvice. 

<l llio total weight carried was :<,l4tMb. 

y found the mountain easy — " just like 

•rn, only much higher "—and travelled from tlio coast 

ji and l>ack again in flfty-s<>ven day». They llxe<l tho 

height of their mountain at 18,W(t» feet, and from It they saw 
three other iieaku which neeoied to Imi still higher. One of these 
— Mount Logan — ha* had the height of 10,.^) feet assigned to 
it, *o that there are ulill, In thin region, fresh worlds for 
Alpinictn to conquer. 

The hook in v .y i^ told is a very luxurious 

Tolainc. Hignor S<-h lis would no doubt have lieen 

better if the stmovpberio conditions ha<l been more favourable ; 
tiul they arc very goiMl :is ii. it, rmd ;ill nr lUi. is iliii- t.i Messrs. 



I 



•WILL IT HuLDt' 

" MouDUinecriog " in th« Baiiminton 
JJtoaiT. Km BdlUoa, UOOi Lmcmuu.] 



Constable for tho xtylo in which they have had them rcpro- 
dnoe<l. There is a lilx'ral supply of maps, exeelleiilly diMWii, 
and there aro several iiistructivo apiXMidiees, iiu'linling a goixl 
bibliography, a complete tiiblo of meteorological observations, 
and a comploto account of the e(|uipmunt of the party. Dr. do 
Filippi may lie congratulated on having kept his book short — a 
mns merit with mounUtinocring writors. Tliu prollts of tho 
sale aro to lie given to a worthy obj<>ct — on insurance fund for 
Italian guides. 
In the Alps. 

.\n Alpine reprint of much interest and importance is 
.Tames D. Forljos* Travki.8 THitouiiii tiik Alts, e<litcd with 
notes and an intrmliiction by the Hev. W. .K. B. Ctwlidge (Black, 
20s. n.). " ForlK-s," says Mr. C. E. Mathews in the Badminton 
" Monntaine«'riiig,'' "was no mountaineer in tho modern sense, 
and never accomplishe<l any very dinioiilt feats; ho was certainly 
not an athlete, and would probably have broken down under the 
stress of what would now l«! considered a really arduous expedi- 
tion. He was pale, thin, and had indifTei-ent health, but his 
expression was singularly sweet and winning, and ho had the 
beautiful and relliied iiiaiiners of tho old school." Ho wan 
Professor of Natural Philosophy at E<liiiburgh, and afterwards 
Principal of St. Andrews — "a remarkable instanco of tho hold 
the mountains have over men of rare intellectual endowment." 
The new volume includes not only the well-known "Travels 
Through tho Alps of Savoy," but also tho Alpiiio chapters 
printed as an ap|>oiidi\ to Forties' book on Norway. Forties' 
work lay in what may be described as tho "middle period" of 
Alpine exploration — tho i«'riod when climbing was reviving after 
the check given to it by the Na|s)leoiiic wars, but had not yefc 
l)«>gun to lie a popular pastime. He mtis oiio of tho earliest; 
Britfsh explorers of tho high .\lps, and tho author of tho first 
dctailo<l liook in English relating to such explorations; he 
climbeil with Agassiz, Studer, and Desor, and was probably the 
llrst memlier of the English-speaking race to |)cnetrate to that 
ixijinlar climbing centre, .\rolla, whence ho made tho first 
passage of tho 
Col d'Herens to 
Zeriiiatt. Mr. 
Coolidge's notes 
aro the sort of 
notes that one 
expects from 
Mr. Coolidge — 
that is to say, 
tlicy are rich in 
historical and 
t opographical 
infurmalioii. Hi- 
missed an oppoi- 
t unity in noi 
treating the 
Mont Iseiaii 
myth more fully, 
as it has been 
.1 by M. 
Ferrand, 
jiitl Uy Mr. Coo- 
lidge himself ill 

his eilition of Ball's Guide : but |>erhaps he is reserving himself 
for the monograph which he is understood to lie writing on tho 
subject. .\s usual Mr. Coolldg<! provides a gotxl bibliography — 
a list, this time, of tho Alpine writers quoted by Forbes. 

Messrs. Constable have produced a second edition ((Is.), of 
Sir William Martin Conway's Tiik Ai.i-s khom End to End. 
This reduction of tho price should give a fresh life to an inter- 
esting Alpine hook which has not so far attained the popularity 
which it deserves. All Mr. MacCoriiiick's admirable wash 
drawings are included in this cheaper edition. 

We have previously praised Mr. Edward Whymper's guides 
fo CiiAMoNix and Zkhmatt (Murray, :1s. n. each), and wo aro 
glad to sec that they have re:i<lied a fifth and fourth edition 




I'lUN'CIPAL J. I). K0RB1':8. 

From " C'hjiinonix. " By Kdwkrtl WhjiniNfr. .Murrnjr.] 



July 7, 



1900.] 



MTKRATIJRE. 



13 



M-flpectively. They are the very boat suiiles ot the kind that 
wo know, intfiroHtinK aliko to t.ho i-IimlHT and tlio onlinnry 
toiiri»t, uiitl full of ({iwkI pictiiroN, ono of wliioli w«i ar» rt>- 
pro<lucin((. It iHriii-ioiiN, hmvcvrtr, that in tho new ulidon of lh« 
" Chnmonix " ruUIi" Mr. Whyniper makes no wfercneo to tho 
rooent fontrihiitionH matin by Mr. C K. MathcwN U) tho 
c-ontrovertty conecrninK tho llmt RM'ont of Mont Blanr. 

CYtXiNO IN TiiK AM'k. by V. L. Ftooston ((Jrant I{ii lianN, 
(on.), (loos not shincas a piiM-o of literary ooni|M>si(iun, but i( tolls 
s'ycUstii what thoy want to know about Mio roads, and that, 
aftvr nil, IN tlio main tiling. Tlioro is also :ibiind»n(.*o of usofnl 
information about biitkos, r<'pair tackle, and tho like ; nml 
(horoaroa conpli' of dozon fnll-pago drawings which at joiust 
!{ivo a Kood idea of tho zigza^pi. 

.\ now (3rd) wlition of Mountainek^iino, in tho Badrainton 
Library (I^inKniaiis, IOh. (!d.), contains a new chapter by Mr. 
Kryco on " Mountaineering in Kar-aw»y Countries," from which 
we n<'t a b<xkI idea of tho ranges that remain unexplored, and of 
tlio difficulties of climate, ex|iens»<, and hostile alx)rigines, which 
hinder their exploration. Climbers who ounnot Ije h.\ppy iiido^s 
they break new (rround will tlnd thr information hero snpplie<l 
invaluable, and will consi(U>r tho new edition a great improve- 
ment on the older ones. It seems a pity that Sir Frederick 
Tolloek di<l not take tho op|xirtunity of tho new edition to 
supplement his chapter on tho early history of moiuitaiixM-ring, 
which is excellent iis far as it goes, Init <loes not go ciiiito far 
enough. A few worils, for instance, alwiiit tho ascent of Iliemus 
by Philip of Mace<t(>u, of Topocatapctl by tho S4)ldiers of Cortex 
— doscribetl in Cortex's despatches to tho King of Spain^ — and 
tho exploits of tho Bishop of Gurk on tho Olokner, and Zinnstein 
and his companions on Monte Rosa, wouhl have added to the valuo 
of the essay. Room might have been found, too, for a word on 
the flrst ascent of Monto Corno in tho .\pennines by Orazio 
Delllco in 179(i. 

At a limo when tho interest in Himalayan exploraliim is 
being kept alive by the FreshHeld and Bull<M-k-\Vorkiuan ex|M>di- 
tions, Messi-s. Constable send us a now edition (Os.) nf .Major 
Ij. a. Waddells Amoxo thk Himalayas. Wo praised the liook 
two years :iir>i. anil have no r<\-ison to chango our minds almut It 
mm. 



A HAPPY LAND. 



Kveryouo who is so fortunate as to have read Mr. Fielding's 
Iwok, " Tho iSoul of a People," should get BlliMA, by Max 
and Bertha Ferrars (S;inipson Low, £1 U>s.). Although, fi-om its 
size, weight, and price, it comes into tho category of " gift- 
I)ooks," books which serve to decorate a table, and never get 
road, "Burma" should piMve tho exception to this rule. Our 
authors' detailed account of the outward life of the Rnrnies<» — 
an account which rounds off and completes Mr. Fielding's story 
of their inner life— is well worth ri'ading, and wequite appn'ciato 
the difliciilties of pi-odncing it in handier form. To have done 
so the full-page illustrations must have Ijooii sacrinccd. Many of 
these are very line, although, for tho enjfiynient of a certain 
number, tho Ixiok must bo turned sideways, always an exasjiera- 
tion to tho reader. 

Happy is the man who has lived in Burma. Happier still he, 
who, having read thesetwo l)ooks, is able to satisfy tho inevitablo 
desii-o they awaken, and start for Rangoon. But even those 
to whom tho strong wings of travel have iKs^n denie<l may, by 
means of this Ixwk, construct a fairly eomplcto picture of 
Barmose scenery, of tho various aspects ot life there, and of tho 
Burman's existence from the cradle to tho grave. The cradle 
and the flower-stand are tho two most conspicuous objects 
in every Burmese home : flowers and tho child are among tho 
most important factors ot life. You must not expect to 
live in Burma without .i close association with lx)th. Tho 
young child is tho welcome guest of the whole village, «-andoring 
at will through the neighltours' houses and gardens. The owners 
show him a kindly interest ; the grown-ups play with him, ajid 



*uub. 



■h 
it 

•n 

s| 

• -• 
•1 MUtt liiat 



moke hiiD toy*, i .nut n'tu«ulM«ni hla 

childhood, and Itelieves he will ti«<y>ui' 
Between tlw^ :il-i~> <>f i-li'lii n..! i.,. 
of the Bnddh 

writing, ami .■ ,■ ..' , | 

above nil, tho valuo of I' 

There is an interesling i ' 

inonastie schoolii. Xii,. 

crouch n|M)n ' i 

their slates, 1 

writing is done uilh a uli 

hvoking old monk, sitting \i\-' 

In the liackgrouuil aro sacn-d, Ijfi 

elal)orjitely ciirven wooden caiiopi< •■.  

Ix'ds. When his fu^hool-lifo is over, . 

enters fora time the inonastio iH>\ I'll'.', ju^i ,i^ 

<'ountriescvery young man nerves as a noldlcr. 'I 

back with him into secular life < ' 

reverence for tho truths of i. 

" Kiplingite " 

which the ctm 

Then come tho days or courtship, very iuijMrtant in Ilnrma, 
whore every one marries. From nine to ten ..'..1. . L .i i.ii.r ;, 
tho hour naino<l " courting-time." The . u 

her verandah, and tho suitors como oiio by <n><-. m in.- •••i-n, ..r in 
the moonlight, to ple.-ul their cause. She will give eaoh • 
cheroot of her own making, hut for the favour«<«l I*.. ;n 

light it herself, thus giving him a kiss by pm\ <<n 

bargain. Tho smalt illustrations of " 

at her toilet," and " The Suitor'- I 

intimate idea of this peri." s ,ii ■• 

chapter, "Manhood and c 

beautiful full-page illustration in the liook. In " ' •■< 

l{ice-erop on the Kwin," you get out of the m.-,. .,| 

white a really marvellous effect of colour, sm .r. 

After marriage, family cares and the acriou-.  
Iw'gin ; and when man's hfth age arrlvea, and 
revered . I list ic&s of tho Peac- 
always wise sentences, the H 
pagoila or a school; or, if ilioe un- 
at least to erect a humble «hn<l fnr ' 
and tho wayfarer's r' 
children " pr.iy him t.. 
forth they take his siipimrt entirely it\f 
never l)ecomes, however, tho mere " - 
for tho ageil in Bunna aro never idle, 
time in light occupations and in prayer, 
elasticity of mind and interest in others. N 
way to anger, but. stee|ic<l in tho spirit of Bii' 
for tho end. .\nd on his death-l>e«l a friend \' 

Bnrinan of all the good disMls which ho has done iii lilc. " Tluuk 
how you have given alms to the monks. . . , how ynii hotpe«l 
your brother in his neo<l. . . . ^ '■•a»ant 

things to remem Iter ? . . . Think 'sl .iml 

care<l for your wife and sho f. 11 your long life 

together. Sur<>ly this, t<x>, is a pi' 

Where we Westerns st.ite lialdly that such a person is 
dead, tho Burman says, tenderly, that for him the present I '•• '<•< 
endetl ; and that which we call " the cor]>se," tho " reii 
the Burman speaks of as " that which is almut to bo"- 
something higher and tietter. Thus, although tho r«l. 
for their own loss, the funeral it--^ •- • 
and this incongruity Ix'tween the 

hand, and the l "uts of the burial va the other, liudi lU 

iwint in a Bur.  : — 

Tho python snake was tho King of Serpents, and «o 
was hia venom that did ho »o in"'-i< •>- >'•>•• '''■> t 
creature it must die. One day he i 
who had offended him, and crept t- 
his revenge. But ho found there i • 
The whole villago was in gola o - 
and the people were dancing. Ai 



They 

I., I .,r... 



- ... ....rk 

our own 

> lid not 

•illda 



■r 
i« 

Ha 

.r 



14 



LITERATURE. 



[July 7, 1900. 



•setimively mortifltHl tlmi ho MiiiitM>i1 .i Inftv inf. niul Hint nil 
hto vonom forth. 

The f;»lil«> doos not mlil   il iM>iiitcnl. Imt \vr liki- lo 

h«>lipv« hi- clicl, nnd xn )>. .i<>u iiiuliT iiiijn'ovnt ooixli- 

liims, prol>al>ly :i> <l<i\f. Ami l<y this timcwp hope, h«> 

may have cl!ml>e<l - -in the tn-o of lifi' as to have 1k>ooiuo 

» Yahilii, or even a SadAw. 



OXFORD TEXTS. 



SanrTORi'M CiAsnicxiRi-M BiHi.KiTHn'A Oxoniesrim: — 

.AcHYl.t TitAr.lKDI.*: CIM KHAflMKSTIS. RfH-OIIHIlit A. SllKiWICK. 

(Pa|HT, :{s. : lini|i ololh, '.\s. 0<l. ; India iNi|><>r, Is. 0<l.) 
Abistoi'Hams i'(iM<Ki>i>:. K«H'OKnoveriint F. W. Ham., W. M. 

(fixiiAiiT. Tt>niii!. I. : A<-liiiriipnM»s, Ktjuites, Nultos, Vespee, 

I'ax. Avp>. Cls.. ;Vh. rui.. 4s. (Id.) 
Apoli.hxii Khodii AnrJoxAiTicA. Recognovit R. C. Seatox. 

(Pni>«<r. is. Od. ; cloth, .To.) 
Xenophoxtis Oi'kha. I. Historia Grieoa. Recognovit K. C. 

Mahchaxt. (2>t. M., 3s.) 

The design of this scries, whose first niinil»crs wc have dealt 
with already, is excellent ; but we are not sure that the choice of 
editor* is the most judicious in all cases. Perhaps it is too late 
to suggest tliat a wider sear<ih might have l)een better ; but we 
feci bound to nay it. No one will question Mr. Sidgwick's 
literary taste, or his high rank as interpreter ; but we do not 
feci quite the same coulldenee in his critical judgment. It is 
impos.sible to protlnce a text of ^schylus which will please 
every one ; and yet we cannot but think that the principle 
generally prescribe*! for this series, that the e<litor should try 
to restore the earliest tradition which the MSS. attest rather 
than to give what his author may have written, is sound. This 
principle would give us, for instance, tvxi^' uot tvx>)v in /'its. 0()2 ; 
iyojaXiiffOt, not d>caXii<r0( in (Yll ; wt tv<rlai^^ovt1, " as p<H)r wretches 
may," in .^j^nin. XW : Bipaot Uoicioy in SO^t. A strong example 
is the much-vexed autiarofOoptiv, Agnm. 048, where editors almost 
with one consent write tuiiaro^Boftiv, ignoto ignotius ; neither 
word is found elsewhere, and Mr. Verrall's int«'rpretation 8e«Mus 
to make the fonner iKwsible. In several other jilaces, Mr. 
Verrall, often so rash, shows a caution which Mr. Sidgwick would 
hare done well to imitate {e.g., .40iiiii. 79). Mr. Sidgwick's text 
has, however, the merit of making sense nearly always. His 
iihort account of the MSS. will Ije useful to young students, and 
it was a happy thought to add n detailed table of the MS. 
eridencc for each i)lay. 

The editors of " Aristophanes " have a less difllenlt ttisk 
than the editor of *' ^•Eschylus " ; yet not one that can l>o 
amiertaken with a light heart, when even Cobet has damned the 
Ravenna MS. as one of the worst in existence, and editors have 
been over-reaily to adopt conjectunil changr-s in the tradition. 
Cobet 's • "ice has not lx?en followed in this edition, and 

the C4tli' :ly iMiiiit out that due allouanet* has not always 

been made fur colloquialism. They might have applied their 
own canon to Cluutlii 744, anil read ^ira with the vulgate, instead 
of inserting «a«. Here the MS. tnidition is more closely kept 
to than in other editions, though in the critical notes concession 
is made to douliters, by the record of changes propo8<><l where 
kciioUrH have commonly thought such to Ih> nee<led. Kpi'lliug 
and accidence have Ijeen regulated by aid of ins<-riptions and the 
evidence of ancient gi is. In the critical notes on each 

pUy is given a list  -S. us«mI. The text, so far as w«! 

baTO )M>en able lo test il, seciiis to Im- an improvement on tliosf* 
in Itw ; l>ut vi. slintild not Im- surpristxl if fiiluiT editors slioulil 
be evi-n mon li.-m .Messrs. (teldart siiul Hall. 

It i» a . . lo s«s> an Knglish etiition of the te\t 

•if Apollonius Kliodius, and we hoiM- many will n-ail this intei- 
49t!ng author who have not dime so liefore. Mr. .Seaton ngr«H.s 
with the view now conmionly held, that none of onr MSS. repn-- 
nent the i.ariier n^ern^Ion of the " Argonaut lea," which survives 
in only a few fragment* and scholia. His text In IkisimI on tin- 
prireb-** Medicean, which ha« ptrwrvt-d for n.« also the lM>st text 



of Sophocles and of iBschylus. He keeps close to the Medlewm, 
except in spelling and accentuation, but does not disdain the aid 
of O (13th century), or on occasion of the inferior MSS. at 
Rome, Paris, and elsi'when' ; the most important scholia have 
also lieen nsed, niul a few corrections are introduced on the 
strength of the " Ktymologicum Magninn." A very few 
conjtH-tures have lKH>n admitted, two iK'iiig due to the present 
Oilitor. The text has lK>eii made with great care and sobriety of 
juilgiiieut. 

Mr. Marchant in his tlrst instalment of " Xenophon," has 
nls<i kept closer to the l)est MSS. than previous editors, 
reJ4»cting nothing which could possibly Ih> defended. He has 
alsonsi^d a wise discretion in purging the critical notes of trivial 
variants, thus making room for new matter without making 
these notes less useful to the student. Orthography may ot 
course l>e testitl by other known rules, and editors ar<< not fre»( 
but boinid to correct certain vagaries of the copyists. His 
edition is therefore an advance not only on Diiulorf's, but in 
praclii-al usefulness even on that of O. Keller. .V few fragments 
of jiapyrns come to onr aid lu>re in reconstnicting the text ; 
and asfar as they go, they prove for Xenophon what similar finds 
have proved for Plato and Thucydides, that onr text is substan- 
tially the same as it was in the early centuries of our era or even 
liefore. Wo should have likt>d a rather fuller account of the 
MSS. in this edition. 



WAR BOOKS. 

 

MAKtuciXf;, by Major K. D. Baillie (t'onstable, Cs.), is a 
diary of the siege, without literary pretensions ; but we do not 
like it the less for being devoid of rhetoric and frankly unconven- 
tional in style. Most of the book has alri-ady appeared in the 
Morning Post. Conse<inently the gooil stories of Colonel Badcn- 
PowelTs repartees to C'ronje, Snyman, and Klefl have not the 
charm of novelty, having already Ikh'u quoted far and wide ; but 
most of them were worthy of being rescued from the nt'wspapers. 
The tone is delightriiUy, if arrogantly, insular : — 

The Frenchman calls the Boer " canaille," the Boer 
iloesn't seem to like the Frenchman or, indei'd, any other 
foreigner, regarding him as an impetuous fool who would 
probably leail him (the lioer) into some na.sty dangerous place, 
nn<l the Knglishnuin laughs at #he lot ; howitver, as I said 
iK'fore, the (HMir devils can't help b<'iiig foreigners. 

One of the latest popular military biographies is the life ot 
Gexkkal HfXTOii A. Macimixald, by David t'ampliell (Melrose, 
Is. n.). One cannot say much more of it than that it states the 
facts corre<-tly, but the character sketch of the Oenonil by ii 
shop-girl who knew him in the days when he was a draiier's 
assistant at Inverness is worth quoting : — 

A braw loon, wi'oen like glowin' coal. And the great, 
broad shoulders of 'im ! He was mair like a siiiilh than a 
dra|M.<r. But, mind ye, there was naething surly aliout Hector, 
as wc useil to ca" him. He \\tis terrible ohleegin, 'aye offering 
to lift up or doon bundles for us lassies. 
The preface is an eloquent plea for the promotion of more 
nou-<*ommlssioned ofllcers to commissioned rank, and for the pay- 
ment of ofllcers on a scale which would enahle more |X>or men to 
take up commissions when these are oltereil to them. Most 
people not exceptionally prejuiliced will atrree with Mr. David 
Caniiiliell's arguments on this subject. 

YWTKUIIAV AXII To-OAV IN K ItfliKu's I, AMI (Klliol Slock. 

Is. n.), professi's to give us I lie |S'rsomil kiMiwIoilge an<l ex|H<ri- 
ences of a lady fi-om South .\rrica. It is a siiniciiMilly riradalilo 
little liook, consisting partly of history aiitl partly <if reminis- 
cencf^s, lull it adds nolhing to thi> information prociirahle from a 
hiindmtl other Miurces. The author tells us a little aliout tlio 
Ostrich-funning industry, but not as much as we should like to 
kmiw. 

Dr. George M. Theal's Lnri.K Hi*roiiv m Snnii .^riiit^v 
was originally Issued s«'veial years ago for use in s<'hools, and 



July 7, 1900.] 



UTERATI'HE. 



!5 



HUH pas-^i'il tlii'<)ii((h thrco etlitiuii!i. The fuiii-lli cdiiiuii, w: 
pow piihlislicd (Kislicr Unwin, In. (kl.), contiiiiiN an sulci: 
Bliii|i(or (IcsiliiiK with the origin ot the prctoiit wiir. Dr. 'J'Ih-.iI 
baH written IhiM chiipti-r jiidieiuiisly, not tukint; any iticli.'norcvi'n 
||j)(iicat!n;; wliich Hide he would tiil^o if he wen- eiille<l iipon to 

tako out*. His ll:ir|-:ll i\«> ftllK W i t tl i]u* issUI! of tht' lUx-f 

Ultiiuatuiii. 

Mp. lloiarc t'. (iioscr's writing "f !• iixii-.M.MiMlAl. L>>Hl> 
tdUKHTs (.Molro»<% Is. n.) has reached » third etlition, a jcood 
fortuuo whieii it well deserves. 

My Dkk'>xk DciilNO the W.\I!, I>y the Rijjlit Rev. Arthur 
Hamilton Bayncs, Bishop of Natal (Bell, Ok.), Ih a pious, but 
platitudinous work, rcprintetl from a diary which is neither 
lielter nor worse tlian the average diary which does not Ket Into 
)irint. In Die closiii); cliajjler wo have the inevitable '■•\> 

that "(iod has Iwen aceomplishinjia Kl'eat pur|>ose with ii 

• •r war with whieli He is dosing for us the iiinet<>onlh teiiuiry." 
Wo cannot wliolly ap|)rovo this easy estimate and rather 
jialroniziuK approval of the workings of ouiuipot«nee. 

The New Battle ok DoiiKix<i (Grant Richards, Is.) 
describes an imaginary French invasion of England, undertaken, 
:ipparejitly, without notice or previous declaration of war. The 
luir|)ose of the Injok is the laudable one of drawing attention to 
weak [joints in our military organization, and tlie author leaves 
the impression that he understands tils subject. As to the possi- 
bility of such an invasion being secretly preijarwl, however, we have 
our own opinion. It may be [jerfectly true that "there is always 
bliipping sufllcient for an army of 120,000 men for a slwrt passage 
in the Northern parts of France " ; but very few of the ships 
:iro ready to start at any given moment. Some of them aro 
already weighed down to the PlirasoH luie with eggs and other 
iiierchandiso ; others are in the middle of the loading or 
unloading jirocess ; the stokers and engineers and others, not 
expecting their services to be required, liave gone carousing in 
cafes without leaving an address ; tlie big Atlantic liners aro 
\nider engagements to American citizens, whose Ambassador 
would bo moved to connnnnicate witli Wasliington ; and any 
endeavour to organize this chaos would in itself be a signal of 
alarm. MortM)ver, wliat is the author's authority for the 
statement that " secrecy for forty-eight hours can be assured ? " 
The non-arrival in fine weather — which would be essential to the 
raid — of a single packet boat would cause inquiries to be made : 
and it would bo strange if more than ten hours elapsed without 
the arrival of information. It would be interesting to know how 
(he author suitposes tliat the French would get over these little 
<lifllculties. 

Mr. Caton Woodville illustrates and " a British Ofllcer " 
writes a collection of interesting and topical studies of Social 
Life in the BitiTisu Aumy (Long, Cs.). Although the civil 
iwpulation of England is ready to shotit " Hurrah for the 
Army !" and appreciate at its jnst value the self-<levotion and 
courage of the rank and Hie, it knows very little of the inner 
workings of that vast entity. " A British Ollicer " knows his 
snl)ject well and lays liefore the reader the dilliculties of the 
soldier's life, so changed in every respect by the short service 
system and otlicr reforms from the life familiarized to all the 
world by Charles Lever. " Social Life in the British Anuy " 
should prove invaluable to our novelists who sometimes approach 
the fi'iva inemjiiiUi of military life with wonderfully antique 
information. Mr. Caton Woodvilb' is :ii liis best in ib.- sIvhih 
excellent illustrations lie iirovides. 

Mr. L. E. Henry, the author of i;M.cLA.Mj".s Aumiu.) Niaikai.- 
ITY (Farmer, (is. n.), was once a professor at Sandhurst and 
appears to be that nira dci.s, a Frenchman who loves England and 
bates his countrymen. Where, he asks, is the evil eye in Central 
Eni-oiio at the present moment if not in France ? We have 
wrestled with the book as a whole, but fail to discover exactly 
what it is alxiut. The general impression is one of sentences 
that have been mixed up together by some one who does not 
«inderstand their meaning. What is quite clear, however, is that 
the profits of the s;ilc of the book are to be given to a hospital. 



FICTION 



In th» Tpain of Kloi 



.billy , 

• -t. Mr*. 

' . . ' _ 'b« pi««»i»li« 

in A Laot UK THK Ht.iiL.Ncr (HiitchinMtn, n>.) appawr to t- 
flush and blotxl, with the rnoiilt tbiit her i-ol' <» ....t.. ../ 
page or DO, i« extrt>niety litt«rmlinf{. i 
biKtk — the Prince Re);ent, Caroline 
Charlotte, and the Windwir family il 
trite, but the |)eri)Hl has not 1 
heroine's fortiincM nru followtKl ui: 
of Caroline is a i 
accidi-nt nnd misfori , 

and \< lint «u pleiuuiul ii nlnry-leller l> 

lit to  the relation even beyond Ihi- 

*,)iie<<n and the coming of ha|i|>iDC«i to the i.l 

Heseltine. 

Mr. Ronald Macdonald, the aon of s tMnuua nuv< 1 
has not had the same happy thought aa Mra. Ifiiwnon. " lln 
knew ho could WTlte," was the burles<|ue title Mr. Bumand 
once gave to a book by Trollopc, and I' - (iiggcsl* 

itself on reading Mr. Macdonald's novel 1 d or thk 

Kino (Murray, Os.). He knew that (with i.»r*.'> ho  
write in the style and character of a lady nf thi. lime ., 
I'rince of Orange, and he has ace.' luk con- 

scientiously but without inspiration. > 't a woman 

is the story of her love, says Philip|Kt Itoyston, and, if yoa mis 
her love affair with the underhand traffic of •)"• .i.v. i-f..~. 
William's coming, throw in a disguise in man's cl' 
of fighting, you get Mr. Macdonald's tale. The Ihmit 
and the phraseology are ^rell done, and the plot is n 
an ingenious touch. L'lifortunatoly the characters are a 
more markedly puppets than thoM? of the avenigo"co-' 
romance." It is a M"- »rk that will delight ;iial 

hold only the estpen ■r. 

The Shadow or Allab, by Morler Roberta and Max 

Montesole (.Toll' T 
novel tli:it w<' I 

vaiapl«, i« 
1 boatmen 

are caikdjis. The marines are guc; 
the Sharkian, and an Albanian is aa \ i ., , 

cal, dealing with the deposition of Sultan Ahd-nl-A/ 
fall of Midhat Pasha. The authors seem In have an • 
knowledge of Ottoman aOaira, and their book is v* 
thirsty. Whatever rank it may take amoi 
Max Montesole, we are afraid it will not r.< 
the works of Mr. Morley l{olM.Tts. 

The llKAitr o' the I*r»T. ;> little volume in jwle-c' 
covers (Simpkin, London 
" Irish Fireside and V 
Erskine Mayne. 1" 

the mag:izines, and i , , . . _ 

<'hronicler which Ireland n(>e<ls, the no%'elist witb th« aeeins «yo 
and the gifted pen, is still to seek. 

In Christalla, an Unknown Qi'antitt (.Methopn.Qa.), Mim 
'■ ■' Stuart tells tus the life history of a remoricablv little ' ' 

'- is also a little Im^v who is very unn.nl and wko die* i 
•"l-^.ist Lynne" 
vaguely of Flai 
badly put together ; 
are terrible little pi 

We were exj)ecting sou 
Overseas Library (Unwin), .. 
by .1. Mac (2s.). Some of the stories are about K.. 

about Boers. There is a preface by Mr. Edward o , 

ing upon their value as " documents " ; they are of no grc»t 
value as literature. 



16 



LITERATURE. 



[July 7, 1900. 



LIBRARY NOTES. 



A few wtH>k!i ojro wx> «li>'w :it(<-iiti<m to tlio flioii a|>- 
pfoachiii;; rolobralion at Mainz of (ho (|iiiiiotMitoiiniii1 aiiiii- 
vertw.v o( Gutenb<>rs'» birth, uiul the prDiKisal to t-htablisli 
• pablio library anil museum ns a ]H>ruianent momorial. 
Tho festivities «Tpr�� rarricd out witli mucii pntljusiasm iiiul 
masmiflponco. A typt^rapliical cNhibilion was oi)onc<l by tlie 
IJrand I>ukc ol Hi'sm*, a bamiuet jrivon, and a graml procession 
c'rpuilz^l which snrpassetl anrthiiii; of tlie kind over seen in 
Oomwny. Tlir<»<> tliou'.iind |MT!.on>. to<jk jwrt with cars to 
; Tliere were visitors from all 

I iiH nationaliti(>s nock«><l to tlie 

I their art. In spite of the dispute vvhieli eontiaually 

s .i-< to the original discoverer of printing, Outenherg 

1 iTiainly did more to spread the art than any otlier man. Had 
1'... .i; — very of printing l)eon retarded until CJutcuberg's deal It 
' ' ss of civiIiz.-ition would have Ixh;u less l>y something 

iiM' n (riitary than it is to^lay. 

The Ax-ar api>arenlly lias had its effect U|)on the British 

Museuui. Krom the Annual Reiwrt we tlnd that there has iK'eii 

a slight falling off in the attendance in the reading rnoM, 

though in most of the de|>artmeiits it lias I>eeM satisfactorily 

maiutalne<l. The year has lieeu marked by the virtual couipl<>- 

tiou of the great catalogue an<l by many im|x>rt«nt additions to 

the library. The Hardwicke MSS., arrange<l in 930 volumes, 

are of the highest value historically, while the artistic treasures 

of Baron F. liothschild's be<|uest are supplemented by sixteen 

illuminated manus<-rip(s of rare excellence. The additions of 

priiitod l»ooks include a Lactantius of Swcynheyu and Puunartz, 

dated 1470, a work by Po|H' Pius II. (" De duobus aiuuiitibus "), 

which was one of the twenty Ixxiks fn>m the first French printing 

press at tho Sorlionne, and a Florentine IxKik of great rarity 

(Paulus Ricius " Super Logicam Pauli Venetl "), printed from 

tv.^. and thought to lie unique. The MSS. department has 

retl the only separate edition of the Vulgate Xew Testament, 

I'l Piled during the fifteenth century, and an almost |)orfect 

Kiiglish version on vellum of the Golden Legend. A file, from 

April to Jul.v, 1880, of the " Kandahar News," a type-written 

diilr paper published during the occu|>ation of that city, is an 

_• relic. \Vc wonder whether, if the British Museum 

I |>ii»se<l, the authorities would have endeavoured to 

transfer this news|>ai>er to its birthplace. That ill-fated measure 

<■• .Mill]. .my has now (lerished in the annual "massacre of tho 

Its disappearance is solely due to the vigorous 

im every f|Uarter which the proposals evoked and it 

:; '■> find the country so jealous of its treasure house. 

Aiiuu.il If' "S 

n* H"r!i-rf'y. '^ . . ii, 

' 11 iiave hitlierto been allowed 

.' N-rence books, but the effect of 

• • volumes has Ijeen so disastrous that tho s.vstciu 

..iIomKl. The Committee found that costly works 

used as mere picture Ijooks, and they did not think this 

'■ •:".,., >"• io the readers. At St. Gwrge's a 

I by a natural history colk-etion, 

"T • room, iu which 42,0(JO 

thny<>nr. There are also 

" quarlerly library juui'ii.iU ' '^, and 

I Icy. A list of books on c is has 

.1 i>y tho librarian oi -hall, an institution 

i,-.i.-<la»a temple of tl • of economics. This 

" and convenient list of liooks and ]>amphlets will l>e 

... .„...- for reference porpotea in other librari-- — •••••"-- to 

the atodMit at Tojrnbee-hall. 

T  I of a Pn;. y for 

H»ln - i« to C' Ml) its 



lis of 

iil;ice 



for the community in almost every cirrumstance of their tribal 
life. 

Tlie Bishop of Chester has cxpres^ied to a gathering of 
Library .\ssistnnts bis views u|>on the Sunday oiM»ning of libraries. 
He made two points chiefly : — That public opinion should \m 
consulted Is^foreliniid and that strict suiiervision of the libraries 
should Ih' arranged without undul.v adding to the labours of the 
eiuplo.vds. He saw no objoetion to Sunday 0|>eniiig during 
liiniliHl hours, nor did he think that any reasonable Christian 
wouUl find objection. This seems to us a common-sense pii>- 
nouncement ui>oii a question too often debated in a nari-ow and 
ctintiovci-sial spirit. It is ossentiall.v a matter to be settled b.v 
Kk'uI circumstances. 



Corrcsponbcnce. 



EPISCOPAL REGISTERS. 
TO THK EUITOR. 

Sir, — It might lie more accurate to call episcopal registers 
an "unrealized" instead of an " unro«-ognizod " source of 
history ; every one who has tried really to WTito tho history of 
a parish must be aware of their existence and their value. In 
the slender list of those hitherto printed given by Dr. Cox that 
of Kichaid Fox, while Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1102-1404, has 
b<>en omitted. One hundred copies of this were privately printed in 
1880 fi-om a transcript by Mr. C. T. Martin. Two reasons are given 
ill the jireface for selecting it from among others at Wells — first, 
the very interesting period to which it relates, a jieriod quite 
anterior to the lieformation, and yet almost on the eve of that 
event ; secoiidl.v, the comparative lii-evity of the voliuiie, which 
enables the exact words of the forms Used to be lastiiigl.v 
ivcorded without oppressive rejietition. The book was edited 
by Mr. Chisholiu Biittoii, who wrote the introductory life of Fox. 
Probably the life and the register would have both Ix^n of more 
value if published separately, but it was a small step in the 
right direction. 

Yours faithfully, 

CADWALLADEK J. BATES. 

Langley Castle, Northumljcrland, July 2. 



GRAMMAR v. IDIOM. 
TO THE EDlTOi; 

Sir, — " Too many Ciesars are not gofjd ' means tlicre ai« 
too many bad Ciesars ; with " is " the phrase moans, "Tho fact 
that there should be too many Ciesars is not good." Mr. 
Cairns will probably prefer this latter sentence, which is qnife 
grammatical. I don't. As ho sa.vs, there is no arguiij 
I note tliat Mr. Cairns does not return to the qii. t 

plural verb after two disjunctive phrases ; I may assume, then, 
that he grants that |>oint. 

The freedom of the early writers is just that which makes 
their great charm, and this is duo partly to the use of vigorous 
words which the modern purist thiuks undignified ; partly to a 
fe<5ling for the re^il meaning of words which is not iu modern prose ; 
jiartly to " uiigramiuatical " idioms, which like the one I am now 
speaking of give the meaning more forcibly, l>ccansc put in 
fewer words, and with the emphatic words to the front. In thi-> 
sentence, for example, " too mauy " is the essciioe ; in tlio 
" correct " phrase, these words como after a formula which has 
no t bought in it, but only hel|>s the grammar. I will rctura to the 
other iKiints on opportunity ; but I ask leave to quote here ono 
]ihrasel lately noted, which shows the bluntnessof modem taste. 
A writer in a well-known weekly journal sjioke of one who 
reganletl his subject " from a one-sided stand-point." 

C ^ is the Idol of the modern purist ; and to this he 

Mcriii that Is more valuable. Life and variety, for 

; and cumbrous round-abouts tal>' 

> 'rco. The same is seen in verse, \ 

is iiolishcd up to the extreme ; false sentiment or triviality may 

pai-i. but ail inexact rhyme never. luiagiue llie horror ol tho 



Jul 



V I, 



1900.] 



LITERATURE. 



Iluodorn orifio if lie had to roviow Hcrrirk for the Qntt tiu»'. 
|tUo man actually rhyiuos " iil«H>py " nmt " keop y« " 1 

I (In iiot proi>oso to follow out the annloKy of piiiiitiiiK. 
(AnnlojfUw prove nntlilni;, not even Butlor'n ; but If \v<> uuisr 
liavc niiuliiKy. I conipnro the froc wrltorjt to haud-paiiitiiig, and 
I thi- uiodcni idi'iil to u Oernmii chroiniillthoKmpli. 

Vours ftiillifiiUv, 
\V. If. n. KOI SK, 

MEMORIAL TO O. W. STBBVBNS. 

TO THK KDITOR. 

Sir, — Miiy wo \w itllowcd to draw attfiiHoii in tin- cnlunins of 
//(f<'ivi(i(r« to tlio iiMMiioriiil to tho lad" ('>. W. Sti-cvciis, wliifh 
it is pi-oposi-d to iuslitutu in oonnuxioa with the City of London 
.School V 

Many friends of the school linvo felt and i-xprosMHl the 
dcsli-<> tluit the cariHM" of Mr. Stoovons should ho .snitahly roni- 
niemoratcd In tho place where ho was cducntcd. A committee 
has accordingly boon formcil, and armngonient.s have Ikmmi made 
to present to tho .school a replica of tho well-known imrtrait hy 
the Hon. .John Collier. It is also intendi><l, if sufllcient i-ontri- 
liUtioiiM are received, to found an annual prize. 

We have done our best to coniniunicat<> with the old pupils 
of tho school ; but, naturally, there are ftreat numbers whoso 
addresses are unknown to n», and we bi-lieve that many of them 
would be glad of the opiKirtnnity to make contributions. M'e 
therefore venture to ask for the hospitality of your coluuui s in 
order that by this means they may be made aware of what is 
pro|)osed. 

We ftHsl, of course, that our project is one for which .snpiKirt 
should be invited chiefly fi-om old pupils of the school. But we 
have reason to think that some friends and admirers of Mr. 
Hteovens, thongh not connected with the school, would Ix" 
dcsiitnis of takiiif; part in tho memorial. Help from such sources 
would Ih" gladly w(>lcomed. 

It would be convenient if all contributions were sent 
direct to the Treasurer. 

Yours obediently, 

B. L. ABK.\1I.\MS, .14, Lansdowne-ci-escent, W., 
Troasui-er of the Steevens Memorial Fund. 
H. STOKKH, Fairfleld, Lessar-avenue, 
Clapham-conmion . 
AVEAVEU AI).\MS. Slough. Bu.ks. 



O. 



E. 



Hon. 



r 



AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS. 



Publishers are taking advantage of tho keen iulercst 
now felt in China. Wo mentioned some new l>ooks n 
turtnight. ago. An Important addition will be made next week 
by Messrs. Macmillan in a new work by Miss Sciilinore. calletl 
" China : the Long-lived Empire." Like Mr. Cohiuhonn's Inxik, 
published by llariier's this week, it is not an answer to tho 
sudden demand for works on tho Far East, but was in typo 
befoi"o the present crisis arose. Miss Scidmoro has already 
written two volumes of travel — " Jinrikisha Days in .Tapau." 
and " Java : tho Garden of the East " — and she has visited 
tMiina seven times within tho past fifteen years. Several of her 
ehaptei-a arc devoted to Peking : one to the fore!;; ' ~; 

one each to the cities of Tien-tsin, Canton, and Sli id 

others to the Dowager-Empress and " The P tj[ the 

Mauchns," the alien ruling tainily. Tho 1 o is a 

lK>rtrait of the Dowager-Empress, from a painting in silk. 

The Indian Famine is another source of anxiety to English- 
men at the present moment, and in this connexion Messr-, 
Kogan Paul and Co. arc issuing a handy volume on Famines in 
India and their canses, compiled by Mr. Romesh Dutt, CLE. 
Mr. Dutt is known to English readers by his translations of 
Indian Epics and his works on Indian history. He has l)een iu 
the Indian Civil Service for more than twenty-live years and 
himself been a famine relief officer. His bo<ik will have a 
chapter on Famines in India during the last 130 years, a series 



of ()|MMi Letters t« |y. 

niid alHo chaptert on If 

ap|M>ndlecA contoininK thu 

I(obert«, Lord Northbrook, I , ai.u .j(iu-r« -m inn 

Indian administrative and tlu 

Even If wc do not get a I -,,...- 

CSeneral Boden -Powell then' 
on thi' sui' i other ant!. . 

work we i •where. %!■ 

iKMik <m the " 
CorresiKindeiii 
Is a Htei>son of ,Mr. Pinoro, comes of a 

and is an aumtcur soldier hiinv.'lf. He - ._ 

by the Boent, and afterwartii, when woundfHl In a 

coolness and humour won tho approval of ('•• 

Powell himself. The Iwok will l>e illustratrvt 
taken by the author. It is hanlly IIU. ' 
will havo as many itieice hi*torians a« I. 
\ 1 il other I 

'lie nnH ^' 
WiU 

Mr. \ , , 

will Im- srrango it they do uol soon iwoll the namlK<r of book* 
aljout the siejfo. 

The approach of tho PnvtideniinI elm'tlon in tb(> I 
States is being heraldint by the inevitable hnil— • • • - 
literature. Messrs. Putnam will shortly add 
" A History of Politiejil PaHies in th. ' ' 

James H. Hi.'pkins. who traces the de\' 
I1-. down to ' 



pUtturm 



iin, anion!; 
from the rise of - 



•*^«ul (la^ 



The Putnams will publish a " Hi-,tuty of il 
Families In America," by Mr. Charles A. II 
record of the Scot in North Britain. Notth Ir<' 
AmericKi. The volume, which will pmlntily ' 
other works giving a detailett hisi 
.\merica, deals with tho history ol ^ 
of tho eighteenth century ; tho plan(alii>n of I'Uter !■> 

Si-..i.-h in tho time of ' ' • 'i— • i.. -,...„ iv.ii  

I iiH|.>wners of lowland >■ 

origin and Un'atlini of til' n ,->i-. -. lum . m.- 

I'f .Scottish surnam<>s in ' and in Ireland, ai 

-^ > eh-Irish I 'ioo, acparation, au'l 

1 of the \ 

.Ml. Jolm Mackay, 
llivforieil .\fcnii!it of • 
A 

1( . 

.MacLcan, Ph.D. Mr. .Maclx>an is a Scoto-American, and Is tiw 
author of several aii''"ii ni m works. 



We reviewed, i . tho now rolnnie of Mr. Murrai 

edition of Byron's Poems. The fourth volume of tho I^ 

will be ready very shortly, carrying tl ir.,-,i».iic1,-ii.-. 

lS10tol8'20. It will include a ro| 
Iiortrait of Lady Blensington in the lli-ii.»i. 
just opeiKHl to the public. 

Next week Mr. Fisher I'nv' 
tho f pjier Graians." by Mr. (J. 



-.II.'.*-.,- Wi.l'^.i 



i>l' tho ni 
climbers v 
life, high All 
as the pciks a; , 

One of tho 1>oon 
Pntnam Is " A New .^,,.,.,. 
Mr. Parke Godwin, who has ! 
have either been overlO'-'- ' 
contain a reprint of tho : 

Mr. BcUoQ King, tlic uuUi^;. 



and the valleys are dealt wiUi, aa wil 



A ll.^i'.r- 



T TTFR^TrRF, 



r.Tnl 



niv 



1 900. 



c uiitlorsl.iuit, fii};ago»l iu 



IV'-l- 



' ■' ' '" ■shortly (inlilioh a 

cl •• 111 tlio WiiitiiiK 

..,,.,,,,.,., M.A., autlior of 

-," &c. Sonic «if th«> pi«i'fs have 

1 I'uH Mall iliizcttc ; all rclato to 

• •. ill :<ii jrlicli- rill M:it!lil.- Scrai), 

wii ill 

 i|M>i-,iry Ni'a|H>litati lift-, liuvu vot 

: to h«'ar that Mr. W. Hoinciiiann 

l:.i!> now iui-uii;;til in imlili^U u writ's of tniiislatioiis of Ikt 

jiovpIs, wnifomi with thi- works of Oahrielt' d'Aiiiiuiixin. The 



t- ' 

I. 



11 l>o ready in tln> aiitiinin. 
xl to lenni that Mr. Itiohanl \Vhit(>iii); has !iO 

'■ '  • 'lii'ss as to lead to tlio hopo that 
..wii to the ii«'\v iiovi'l w-hioh hi- is 

11. I' '- '■^' M'd to l)f of givatcr 

Stnt't." ^ arlieh's wiiicli Mr. 

iiig for til J will also appear in 



1. 

\\. 
book I 

(>i oks of the niitamn season will bo Sir 

M'altor iii-saiits " Tin- Fourth CJciieralioii," a modern story 
Nvhich has been apix'aring serially. For volume form the 
story has been oxtoiidctl by about a third. 

A !«■»• novel liy Mr. .1. A. Stouart, a tale of lovo and 
I the stylo of " The Minister of State " than 
' will be published by Messrs. Hutchinson 

jii'ori.' I in llllin. 

ill's Soldiers " is the title of a 1>ook containiug 

•-. ■•• '■^'■■<'n jiopular authors of the day got 

1 Hyno to be published gratuitously in 

- : . -Messrs. Methuen. To encourage the 

1 •> to a premiam it will be on sale for the limited 

J nree nionili-. 

A new Lady's " ' . so it is statetl, is to Ixj published 

by Messrs. Pearson i .iry, and it will contain Mr. Hall 

Caine'b new serial. - •" 

The nninp nf Mr. L»>onard Merrick's new novel, which Mr. 
.1 ' -li. is "The Worldlings," not, as we 

i. . " The Wordlings." 

j.Ki I'VTioN.M . •■ J IK; World iu lyOO," as the new geographi- 



'■.'1 -i'ii(.> winch Mr. Heiiieiiiaiin is pr<ii.iiiiij; is iMJli'd, will 
pnibably not mak<> a start until the late aiitiiiiiii. The list of 
subjei'ts and authors is jiroiiiisiiig. " ib-itain and tlio North 
.\tlaiilic," annoiiiici'd as In-iiig in the press, is by the edit<^r, 
H. .1. Maekiiidor ; Sir t'loiiients Markhain is respoiisihlo for 
\'oluiiie H., on " Scandinavia anil the Arctic Ocean " ; Pi-o- 
fessor Rlisi't* Recliis deals with " The Meiliterranean and 
France," Dr. .Joseph Partsch with " t>iitral Europe," Dr. Scott 
Keltic with " Africa," Mr. D. (J. Hogarth with " The Near 
Fast," Prince Kra|H>tkiii with " The Knssian Kinpire," Mr. 
Archibald Little on " The Far East," Colonel Sir Thomas 
Holiiich on " India," Dr. H. <). Forbes on " Australasia and 
Antarcti<'a," Professor Israel I'. Kusst'll on " North America," 
and Professiir J. C. Urannor on " South America." 

The new voluiiw of Bell's Science Series, " The Student's 
Dynamics, comprising Statics and Kinetics," by Professor 
Mincliin, will be rt-ady at once. Great prominence Is given 
tlimiighout the work to arithmetical illustnttion. Another 
<-liai-acteristic of the work is that it treats of the science of 
Force, or Dynamics, as founded directly on Newton's axioms, or 
Laws of Motion, and more particularly on the second axiom. 

The next volume of Bell's Illustrated Classics (liitermodiato 
Series) will lie Sophocles' Antigone, editoil, with introdiici ion 
and notes, by G. H. Wells, M.A. It will probably 1>o remly 
••arly next month. In the early autumn Messrs. Boll will piili- 
lisli " The Proem to the Ideal Comiiion\vi.-alih of Plato," with 
introduction and critical and explanatory noU^s by Dr. Tui-ker, 
Professor of Classical Philology in the University of .Melbourne. 



Books to look out fop at once. 

thavel— 
"China: The Lonji-Live.l Empire." By Elizivbeth R. Scidmore. 

MaetnillAn. Ss. M. net. 
" Scrambles ill the Eastern Graians." By George Yeld. Uuwin. 7l. 6d. 

KllTION — 

" The Compleat Bachelor." By Oliver Onions. Murray. 2». 6d. net. 
"The Whistling Maid." By Emcat Rhys. Hutchinson. 6«. 

mi3celi.am:ou.s— 
" Kort St. Georgi-, Mailras." By Mrs. Frank Penny. Sonnenschcin. 

10«. 6d. 
"\ Handbook of British Kubi." By the Re». W. Moyle Rogers. 

Duckworth, ."m. net. 
" The Technical School French Grammar." By Dr. W. Krisi-h. Murray. 

NKW EDITIO.NS — 

" The Oowd t A Study of the Poimlar Mind " (3rd edition). By GuiUve 

Le Bon. Fisher Lnwin. Os. 
•■ The London Matriculation Dirwtory, June, 1900." W. B. Cbve. Is. n. 



LIST OF NEW BOOKS AND REPRINTS. 



BIOGRAPHY. 



Robert B?v 



2ct.n. 



1 and Phpaaes. 

n and F. Storr. 

Hi'-. 1-. 

J on ▼•PBatlonal 

, Hy jM»iff L-tia. iVJ -: 

. - f... NulU 1-. Ud. 

FICTION. 

The Naked Tcuth. tty Amtrfw 



Th« Avan^nc oT r. 

) •. Vf ■. '" iinhon A*' 




o. 


.1, 

Staalera. By 


■1 r« 


TV- 

AHIs 




... Hy 


A Now 



A MUltonalpa of Y 



Many Da ' 

TytUr. •■_ 

C«fop« Oood-N 
Ooot> to Do<j 

:niiA,t. M.ii. » 

EowMvTalaa. i. , . .. 

TiA^ka.. IfX pp. H?;nvinnan. 



Little Indabaa. By J. Mnr. (The 
I )\,r-. .1- I.ibrar)-.) .j ' "■ 

Quo Vadls. Ttomnn 



Kditlon^de)l^I!cvlR■Hlanchc.Fr.3.30. 

HISTORY. 
Phlllppe-Auguste et Saint 

Louis. Suiiv.lle M. liy ./. 

Mi<-h,l,t. Ti ■. ( in., 3Ji) ijp. I'lirl-, 

ISH'i. I ;ilMi.iiin l,.-vy. Kr.3.i"J. 

LITERARY. 

Talea fpom Tennyson. Hr the 

Rcr. a. C. Allrn. f | x4ilti.. irj pp. 

Methuen. 3-'. M. n. 

MATHEMATICS. 
The Universal Solution for 
Numerical and Literal 
Equation. Ky .V. A. Mcl/innii. 

' , • Jiii.. l!i.'> I'p. .•^onnen'M'hcin. V. 

MILITARY. 
In^ : a DIapy of the 

IU MlImi- h. />. /Iiulli,. 



BIndl 
Pno. 



NATURAL 
T»ie BIrdK of K 



Y. 

h. I'.j 
-  • I'M- 
:.<ino. i«. n. 



POETRY. 

7'!i^r,.-isteP : I'liilosopliiT. Tcichcr, 

I. By Arixtn. 7]x5iii.. 

VValN. i-^.M. 

:■■ Tk Of Vepfles. Hy IM,^ n 

tan. 7i.^.^in., 1*5 pp. I'tiila 

M. ll«"l. I.lppincotl to. .1^. 

POLITICAL. 

L'Emplpe Llbi^pal. By Kmilc 

tttlir,, ,- - I : -.1 ' 1,1. 



1-' PP. 



Blsmapck. 

•n/ .M I! 

pp. .\i. 

L o de li 

.icriioi.r 

La Crlse Sud-Afplcn ; 

Pr. A. Knuprr. 7i»:4^iii.. ii' 

l*j.i*i*tri l^'^• 



Pcrnn. 1^ 
La ConquAte de I'Afplque. II) 

Jean Dapoy. T] ..tii".. -t'l" pp- 
I'.irl-, Ilnm. I'crriii. I- r.:i..yi. 

REPRINTS. 
■WopkslSBi^ ilu.yt 

Society. III.. 

•i-i.. V,.v . , ,, 



;^ i^.., . 

/ 1 CK' If. 
l.llMMlM.) 



Cometh Up As 

U/iotlu ItrOii'.iM' 



< oniiiry 



The Dewy Moi ... 

MacmlllHii. 3". Gd. 



Max Herpfoed's Dpeam. Bv 

lulif : p.< larki;.!;"! 

L'Hxp I'oupleset 

I- visions qu'oUe 

I ii'iixl'iiu' I'iirl ic ti'- 

 Obicctive. HxAiloli'li'' 

ti;../.. :: .";;in.,lil8iip. I'arls. P.dn. 

Ali'all. Kr.lli. 

L'Annue Socloloiflciuo. I'ulilj. •• 



SPORT. 
Cplcket. (Tli(^ Spiiris Llbniry.) By 

T. C. Cu//i/i(/,- and Otlii^rs. Tlxiln., 

170 pp. bonilnn. II**!. I ii win. 2n. Bd. 

THEOLOGY. 

The ExposltoP. (Sixth Serif", 
\ ' I 1 Ivl. l.y If. R. Xicoll. LL.1). 
', ,,iin.. )7i; |ip. 

IImI.i. -.v -I.. Million. :-.!■■]. 

Tho Second and Third 

KphitloK of St. Puul to tho 

Copli  "'•>./. tl. Krnnrdy, 

II. 1 1. iip. Mctliiiun. 8s. 

.iAPHY. 

Tho Toiiiplc Chupch and 
Chapel or St. Ann, &o. Bv 
/■, iT : /■.'.'<. ::■.! I'M. :'. 



.;/„,.;. I., 

IIiii iation. 1-. 

Blaok'sOui . . . : Liiohestep. 

mil Kd. I..1. 1/y A. H. JlvjV. 

Monrrirff. 7> I'in., 81 pp. Black. K. 

TRAVEL. 

Among' the Himalayas. '2nd 

K.I. n% M'ljor I.. A. H'<i,Ulitt. 

l,L.Il..■^•.L.^S. »i.:.-.liii.. ».'.'.' pp. 

lorMlahle. IK 
Cyclln«r In the Alps. Hy C. I.. 
FrifHtuii. "i Sin., '•'ill pp. 

(tpatit. HIrhanlH. .*>-. 

The " Overland " to China. Hy 

.(. K. ColqiihoHii. MxS|ln..ia5pp. 

Harper. 10s. 



Jitcr.iturc 

Published bv ZhC ZunCS, 



No. u:j. HATUUUAV. JULV U. ll«»'. 



CONTENTS. 

I'AOK 

NOTKS OK THK DaY 11>, »>, 21. '«, 'Zi 

i'KUsoNAi, Views— Villiers de L'Islc-Adain, by WilliHin 

Sharp 24 

1'oi:m-"To Art," by Ian l>. Colvln ;. 24 

(.'ohoUB SiMll.KH, by Kth»'l \V'h«'«lor 2r> 

T.Mii.K Talk oka (rK\i:\ v\ Xi\, Iiv rrnml^ fliiliM.- at 

Ukvikwh— 

The Triiiisitioii Pcruxl 27 

The " Overliiiid " to C'hiiui a* 

Smiie TopoK''HphicHl Books — 

IlliHtnil»l Historical II^iiuilMKik to C'IiuIhoii— Hwcol lluiupvtcail 
uiui h' A-^-nrinrinn^ IT!-<tr)r)- of STirTfV ChH'^l rhiirrh 

Wop . ■■'  ;■ . ,■ 

Hiii.l 

unci \ I 

cniiiiinii- . -. :is. a», :*• 

The Wi'slmiiwter BioKninhleH— Sevon OiirdoiiH iind « fhilnoo Thf 

HooL of I iitnlrniiih: Tiluiiki>\-Uv An Introduction to Knifli-h 

\' A Sportswoman in Inniu - 

( 1^— Tn<t Uunl I^ind Iterliuu- 

». uro ao,3i.32,:« 

IjudysmiTb Trpiisiiry— AlTicnn Niifhts— Should She Ha%-e Spoken t- 

QiiMt of Ur. Kiwi -Story of Hn KxtancU ;fl 

CoKKKjtixiNDKNiK The AlleK<'d I>i'oa,v of Kiible Writing (Mr. W. H. 

Chcfoon) (inininmr I'. Idiom (Mr. ^\ . CairiMt ^| 

AUTUOR.S AM) PUIILI.SHKII.H S4, 35, 3ti 

List of New Books and Reprintb 3U 



NOTES OF THE DAY. 



Olio by one the olil imis to which so ninny oH'tnories cHng 
arc coming into tho market, iisiinlly to Ihj swept awny 
of altered btiyoiid rtH-ognitlon. Many such cases have coimj 
to uotico during the present wo<>k. Tlio B«!ll at Edmonton, 
wliich will shortly come under the hammer, is inseparably 
connocttHl with Joliii (Jilpiii, but it also recalls the 
last years of Charles Lamb, who lived and died alM>nt a milo 
away, in Bi»y Cottage, and, when any of his friends visit<Hl him, 
uso<l to drop in at the Bell on their rettirn and take a parting 
gl(,ss — usually of porter— with thetn. The churchyard stands 
close by his cottage, and it is recordctl that about a fortnight 
l>eforc his death he pointed out to his sister the spot at which he 
wished to Iw buried. Hero ho now lies, under a simple, turf- 
covered mound ; and his sister sleeps in the same grave. 
•  * • 

The sale, too, is animuncod of the Old Bull Hotel at 
Kochester, where the Pickwickians staye<l on their arrival at 
Eochoster by " Commodore " coach from London ; while the 
Golden Cross Ilotcl at Chariiig-cross, connected with the coach- 
ing house from which Mr. Pickwick atid his friends starte<l on 
their travels, is to be sold by auction. The Old Bull remaitis 
practically unchanged since the day in 1830 when the first num- 
ber of " Pickwick " made its appearance. There is the large 
assembly room iti which the memorable ball was held, when the 
encounter took place between Mr. Alfred .Jingle and Dr. 
Slammer, with consequences which might have been disastrous to 
Mr. Winkle ; thciv, too. are still preserved the lx>d rooms of the 
Pickwickians, and No. 17 (Mr. Pickwick's) was the room which 
Dickens himself frequently occupied. At the Golden Cross Hotel 

Vol. VII. No. -'. 



Ill'  i t'} li ' <uliif'r^l o<i (« . 

occiMions into " Darid Coppcrflpld." The original Ooldtm Cro** 

Hotel of DIclceiiH stood i<o«im< yurdn to tb«» «•• ' ' " 
building, and wuh known a* "The Bull and .M 
III its iKkliuy days a* a ooikchiiig bouw>. It faced ili.' I>ig «uiw "i 
King CharloK at Cliaring-cnMw, Imt wma rnoiovvd to inakr ua) tor 
the laying out at Trafalgar-aquarr, and deKoitoratflil into a rail- 
way partH'lH oWce. Wheatler. In li 
Present," quotes " .\n i'Xi-<'lli"iit New I 

lamentation over tlie (iolden CroM, Chariug-cro<w," Attribglcd 
to Magiun : — 

No moro the roacbm ohatl I »•«• 

Come trundling fmoi the yard. 
Nor liear the horn blouii ehtwrilr 

By brandy-bibbing guard. 
Kin(: ' 'i*t lOiTow Mn> 

K\.- >taae. 

When left by all h\% friend* of yore. 
(Like Tom Mo<ir»;'s rtwic) al"i  
• • • 

What would we not give to htmr Old Kugliab " aa aha 

was s|>oke," to hear Chaucer's lini~> read as ho hin:--" ' 

them ■; That, unfortunately, can never lie ; but we r • 
to the phonograph, preserve for posterity the upeecli 

and Profes,sor Joseph Wright Ims the credit of |»erci- „- t 

realizing the groat service to literataro which can be rfndered 

by the phonograph. His  i ' i ' 

second volume has just Ix- 

th<« np|>earanco of the Brat volume, only Jnat in time to arrest 

the fast-<lying provincial spec' ' V' ' ' '" «_ -i 

cerlulii tliat the dinlcels ol 
slow, hut snre, deeay under the 

and railways. In connexion with hi?. 1.'.- 1. - - 

has been enterprising enough to sot about collecting al>oat 5no 
|,, 

■■'■'..' 

a Graminur of Knglish Dialects on which, w^ ar« glad to learn. 

ho is engaged. 

» » • • 

Professor Wright has devisrtl Bftcon sentence* ct 
honioly English, with careful instructions as to how they »r« 
to bo spoken into the phonograph. Whether the troe rustic will 
l>o efjual to the task of mastering these 
doubted, and there will always lie a dang<'< 
his dialect for the occasion, just as bo insists on poUing on hi* 
best hat to have his portrait taken. Wo are not at all snre that 
the etiucated man. who, like the late Rev. H. Kiirn«»au\. Iij« 
thoniughly mastered a dialect, would not 

talk into the phonograph. But the rustic, «•. .., , - 

under guidance, and Professor Wrigkt kaa alr««dy. wio aader- 

stand, succeede<l in obt < 

mens. His idea is to I 

public institution, and students oC language owe him an imin«i>- 

debt of gratitude for the eoargy mud abili* 

tackling this difBenIt subject (4 dialect, a > 

made entirely his own. 



...I. : -I. u.. 



-^' 



LITERATURK 



[July 14, 1900. 



The^Hflo-.^ '■ .ir •..-.•ins t.i \i-. :i <|M-oi;vlIy goo<l mmi- 

ber. PpHmiimi ■•( nm-t iiii|H)rt.uic<' in it is Mr. tJosso's 

article on '• I'lilUin- ami tlio Small Nalionr.." which skotohcs llio 
preaent conditiim of cultiin* in I)<-iiiii:irk, SwchIcii, uml Norway, 
andliasants the th<>ory that ciiltiin- will fliul its truohome in tho 
•quail nations, where it is not oppri'sMsl and coarsenoil liy woalth, 
btrength, and activity. Lii<ly Londonderry gives sonio corre- 
sptmdenco of much ]>er!)onnl interest aliout the great fast lerenp;h, 
who. she thinks, has nov<>r had his due. For his action during 
tho NaiHiU-onic war »" ^h deservos the epithet great ; l>nt 

)M>sides his later i. '.y there were two circumstances 

V  stood in iIk' way of his being one of the great llgures 

.1 .1 history— he was no orator, and he was never Prime 

Minister. Mr. Mallm-k WTites, under the beading " The Limita- 
tions of .\rt," on tJje purpose novel, ami to his jiajjer we lio|)e to 
return. Two otlier literary articles — one on " Heroic P<K>try," 
by Sir Alfre<t Lyall, and another on " Souio Minor Miseries of 
» Book-lover," by Lady Warwick — are not specially striking. 
 «  • 

Apart from criticism the Review gives us three imaginative 
— a poem by Mr. .lohn Davidson ; a tale by Mr. Maurice 
lit .vlfit, showing his usual picturesque skill and a twenty- 
minute^' .-..riii-dy by Mr. Hamilton .\ide. There is also a 
verse translation from the G<><)rgics by Lord Burghclere. Mr. 
Davidson's poem " E<'logne of the Downs" is full of rich poetic 
speech and finely modelle<l blank verse. But there is a certain 
formlessneKS in its conception, and we cannot get away from the 
artificiality of his method. Why should Lucian, Urban, and 
Kustace spend their time on the Downs in describing to each 
other the scenery ? Here, by the way, is a j)assage which shows 
Mr. Davidson realizing the opportunities of a poet in ilils age of 
nM>ehanical invention. 

Sphinx is now 
A symlKil of the Tniversc ; her call 
The qneries U'/uit and IHij/, intolerably 
Hurletl into my ears at inauspicious 
Tim*."*, with subtle craft and iteration fell, 
More vehement than a tunnel-ncjiring train, 
A factory whistle at the break of day. 
Or siren of a liner in a fog. 
.  * • 

Wljutevcr the future of South .\frica may be, it is pi'<'lly 

certain that at the close of the present war the old national 

- will " l>e ready to vanish away." One need not Ik; a 

1 •> fe»'l a touch of tho jiathos with which the Afrikander 

will now recall his national hymn, a translation of which we 

I Ivi. liclow. It is not the hymn of the Transvaal or of the 

-I,' Free State, but it tnay be taken as the jMilitical con- 

 ]i of faith of the Afrikander Bond, composed soon after 

'-titution in 1880. It is included in a collection of original 

i . lilten in the " Taal," galhen'd from different sourit>s 

II I. '>'jtx, and first published in 1888. It was composed by 
 i' !• i'anncvis, and has lx?en set to music for four 

1 i ;■ ■■!■ .1. S. ill- Villiers. The translation is by 
. (iranilinet. It is a |)erfectly literal one, and shows how 
y tho phraseology of the one language can be transiH)s«'d 
into that oC the other : — 

THE AFKIKANDEU VOLKSLIID. 

Kach nation has its native land ; 

We dwell on Afric's barren sand. 

To tts there is no s|iot so dear, 

Tho whole w^>rld over, far or near ; 

Otir pride and glory to proclaim 

" South Afric's children " is our name. 

Rach nation has its native speech ; 
As far as I ' I reach 

W«» •ponV i;il so dear, 

i^re. 

<rs spoke 
Sails wroll enough South Afric's folk. 



Each nation has its laws, which tell 
How gtKKl to do and evil quell ; 
Tliese laws are fram'd with such intent 
As lit eadi nation's nat'ral bent ; 
Ho do our laws the uimmIs provide 
Of those who in Sonth Afric bide. 

Each nation has a right to l>e, 
K'en though but |xH>r and weak as we. 
There is a Fow'r which governs all 
And makes tho proudest tyrant fall ; 
He watches thos*,- that press us hard, 
But will South Afric's children guard. 

Kach nation has a time to stay. 

To grow ill strength and then decay ; 

Our times are with the Lord, and wc 

Know that what is, is best to bo ; 

Our day will rise, though long tho night — 

South .\.fric trust.s in Uo<rs own might. 

The one groat Go«l holds in His hands 
Tlic fate of nations and of lands ; 
He gives to ciich their sepai^t6 speech. 
Their home, their rights, their time to each. 
Who this forgets will rue the day, 
O Lord, be Thou South .\fric's stay I 
  »  

One of the native .Japanese newsiiaix^rs, the Kokuntin 
Shimbuii, has s unique feature which will assume imiwrtance 
at tho present moment — an international dejiartment, 
printed in English and other Eurojjean languages, with the 
object of facilitating the interchonge of views between foreign 
residents and the .Japanese themselves. This paper is edited by 
Mr. J. Tokntomi, who a short time ago paid a long visit to this 
country, making the acquaintance of many prominent men. 
The ;5,0()0th issue of the Kohiiniit Shiiiihn,, w-as a remarkable 
jiublication, consisting of tlfty-four largo pages as well as 
two very admirable and charact<Tistic full-page illustrations. 
Tlie Press of .Ja|wn, le<l by such journals as the Kuhimiii tfhimbmi, 
has am|)ly justified tho removal of the irksome restrictions 
that formerly hamitered the free development of Ja])anese 

joiu-nalisni. 

«  • « 

\ corr<'s|Kiudent writes : — " Aprojios of Mr. Archer's 
recent remark in his lecture on Ibsen that the dramatist may 
have had another ending in his miiul wln-n he lj<'gan to write 
77ic Doll's Hoime, it is interesting to renieml)er that a version 
of the play which ends in reconciliation actually exists. Twenty 
years ago this version was acted everywhere in Germany. 
Instead of Nora's exit and tho famous bang of the front dtwr, 
Ibsen substituted the following : — 

NoKA. We can no limgcr live together as married 
jjeople. (;<xKl-bye. (rtiriis to go.) 

Hki.mkk. Very well then — go ! (Ttikfii UoUl of Iter arm.) 
But, first, you shall sec your children for the last time. 

X(»RA. Let me go ! 1 will not sec them ! I cannot ! 

HEJ.MKB (drauniio Iter toioards the tloor on the left). You 
shall see them. (Oprns the door, atul says »o/(lj/) Look! 
there they sleep so peacefully and unsuspocting. To-morrow 
when they wake and call for ' mother ' they will 1)0 — 
motherlcg» ! 

XouA (tremhling). Motherless ! 

Hfj.MUI. As !/oi( were ! 

NoiiA. Motherless ! (Innvrd gtriiijqlr, tluring which slie 
drojM Iter travellina hag). Oh, I shall commit a crime against 
myself ; but I cannot — no, I cannot desert them I {Sinkn on 
lier kiwet before the door.) 

HKi.MEn (in a toil', tmt jnyful'toiif). Nora I 

(Cii rtnin falln.) 

The alteration was made for a famous German actress who 

<xclaime<l wlien the play was lM>ing ])repared for pro<luction in 

Hamburg, ' I would never have deserted my children.' In 



July U, 1900.]| 



MTKKATrHF. 



51 



1880 IbHCll wroto f<> I<iiiiIm«, tli<> \ i<'iiiic»<' tlii-atnrul iiiauuK'i-. 
Ni-iuliiif; tli« <>ri|;iiiiil t<iiiliii|{ of Sum, iiiiil Ih>kk<'(I Ihnt on IK 
l>i-r[<>riiinii(M> in Vii'una tlio dinnK*' l'<" liirnsclf wa-. 

lor niJKlit- 1mi cancfllfd. From that tlini> it liax 

(icrtnan stngo willi tliu Hninc dociHivu baiiK of tlic d<M>r ns ol- 

wliorc." 

« > - 

" A Writer mi- iiiivs " i-oMiiiiainH in tin' .lir(/iiii- iii.ii mivs 
lHX)k8 anil childiMMrtt iMKiks (p-ncmlly ar«> not tr«iiti>«l with |iro|M-r 
reMjjcot l)y i-PviowiM-s, hut nrn " slanj;lit«'r<'(l in l)atchi-M of from 
tliirty to forty in n singlo ooliimii." As many of tlio |>n|>«T> 
ilpvotod to tho inlt-rosts of liti>rntnri> pons<><Tati> ii|M'<Mnl Hiipplc- 
niontx I'ViTy nutnnni to tlic oliildrcn's gift Ii<n>I<!i, tht? complaint 
NOOuiH a littlf nnroasonahlo ; and if " A Writor for Boys " 
could SCO how much cubic space such hooks oi-cupy in our own 
oHlco in tlio months of October and NovcmlKsr he would realize 
the material difliculty of treating each one of them as if It wcro 
a work of what a |)opular novelist has calleil " colossal " lalionr. 
Moreover, if he read as many of them as we have to read at a 
certain season of every year, he would realize that they are so 
much of a muchness tliat it is not very «"asy for the reviewer to 
llnd anytliinft to say al)out them. 

» » •  

Perha|)s, howi-vcr, the harm ilone is not, after ail. so very 
great. The Iwys always llnd out their favourites. They did 
not nee<l a reviewer to tell them that If. M. BoUantyne w;is 
greater than his eontem|>orarii's, ami it would Ik> vain for any 
critic to try to de|)Ose Mr. Henty from the pi-destal on which 
they have place<l him. Why, then, shtxild the reviewer's 
withers be wrung In-cause he has never explaimsl in a coUunn of 
careful analysis, which no lioy would evi'r read, the reasons 
why Mr. Hetity is gr<>ater than the author of " .lack Harkaway ? " 
On the other hand, the nniewer may urge in self-di>fence 
that, at any rate, ho gives uutre attention to childi-eu's iHMtks 
than did his predecessors. Stevenson's (mh^uis for children got 
nuich more notice from the critics than did thiwe old collivtions 
of rhymes for children which Mr. Lucas disentomlNMl. The 
gravest critics have brought their acumen to bear \\\xin the 
works of Lewis Carroll ; but it is not easy to pictur«> Ur. 
•lohnson similarly analysing " Robinwm Cruso*>," or .Ielln>y or 
Sidney Smith liH>kiug for r«-asons to explain the immense |Mipu- 
larity of " Sandford and Merton." 

Mr. Herlii'n S|>i>ncer, when he issuetl his prograuune of 
" The Synthetic l'hili>so|iliy " a little more than fhirty^'ight 
years ago, antici|iated the " obvious criticism that the sirlieme 
there sketched out was too extensive." By his single-minded 
devotion to his self-imposed task he has not only liv«'d to carry 
out the whole of his vast programme, but even to return to 
revise the earlier portion of his work. He has just completed, 
we learn, the revision of " First Principles." Thus he has not 
only succoe<led in refuting the criticism which he anticipated, 
but has supplie<l a ready answer to the familiar jest that his was 
a " stereotyped " philosophy. Mr. Sjjencer must be use<l to this 
jest, but he was none the less offendiHl when it was r«-|H>at<Hl in 
serious philosophical controversy by his latest antagonist. Pro- 
fessor Ward ; and ho remindeil the Professor that it was his 
pi>verty and not his will that consented to the stere»ityping o( 
the " Syuthctic Philosophy."' 

* * * « 

An immense amonut of work must have gone to the making 
of Miss Hetherington's " Index to the Perio<licals of ISOit " 
{Renew of Hei-ieit'x office, 10s. n.), which classillcs the contents of 
over 180 British and .American publications. The previous 
volumes have alivady proved the immens<> uspfiduess of this 
publication to all litoi-ary peoi>le, and to journalists in jiarticular. 
We cannot help thinking that the usefulness of the Index might 
l)e increased if it recogni/x^d the existence of some of the graver 
weeklies as " Poole " d(xv«. One can understand that all the 
minor popular monthlies have to Ik? treated : for one of the great 
practical uses of the Index is to inform the ctlitors of those 



I.. 



I' 



or tile .Vit^i-* <4 

itrlcntx of wrlnim 

He tft'U 

rnni t«> (hi|" 

"icri I'dftfr. I^t It \mi uddetl, bowi'ver. 

KcneroHily In th" ••'•'•.■- ■■' ■■- — -..i..-. 

ful rerognilioii 

• > > • 

In our recent nrtielo nn WnrtUwnrth •• > ln>k nillsrtor. 
then- was a refen-nce U> the |MM-t'ii lll-tia«(» of hi* book*. A 
r<M>ent catalogue of an aul<>Kraph diniler onntatii' a rurioiu 
|)assage illuHlniting this. The letti-r in from IV <,' 
MiVs — " Wordsworth wan «<> negligiMit n<"> -■ -i' 
as Houthey laughingly expn-sne*! it t<. 
Oreta llall on n vUit, ' To inlmdui*- <•' 
library is like letting a bear into » tolii 
leaves have lK>en a »oun"e of a: ■■'■  w 

worth's time and since; In li'j. '■  ■■! 

the foreftiiger as a [■ • 
to extend to «'ven oi. 
lye our own. 

• • • • 

.\pro|)o«) of the Tbomaon bi-ecnttsnarjr wtiich we mmitianod 
a fortnight ago, a platform i« to be orvrtod on Bdnaa llaoyli. 
op|)osite the Manse whom the poot vmti bom, and in aiftlt of tb« 
monument raised to his memory. A local |MM>la>> 
half a dozen quatrains " In Praiw of 'Mnl«« Bi 
e<iualle<l, he wiudd have uh iM'lieve, ! 
Byron, Hogg or Wordsworth. He g'-' 
jmrisons, as thns:— 

Xor Shelley <•. I,U ,.;,|,lr skIS 

Off the 1 rt>. 

Ne'er gave ili'- «..ii.i u grander ■•li.iiu , 
Nor Homer long before. 
» • • • 

.Mr. F. G. Kitlon writ«'>i : — " It is with much rttrn'l I hvini 
that ray st«teuM>nt r«>garding tlH« authorship i4 Thr 
Syljili proves tu bo Ineurrcct, and tiiat what I hf - 
valuable discovery turns ont to be a ' marp'* nrat.' 
two copies of the play which I have seen '- - ■'■ 
conil)e'M * British Theatr<>,' and Lncy's • .\ 
anonymous, and the only clue I  
the critii-ism (qiuiled by n¥>) that .. 
It now transpir<>s that I 
was written by T. .1. t 
' Vanity Fair,' and, as the initials 
Lomloit, I hastily arriveil at the c 
one litrrorti Thackeray, the famous ' 

the subject, however, eiwbled me to > . - .'•... i- 

villo's error res|M>cting the name a( the compoaer ol the aia»ie 
for the little ' m - ' 

« • • 

A con  
able and a I 

from literary history from ^ •■ ( aa acane a^eit) to a 

notable Hoi di.-witif voyager of  day. Ttie pa«t rear In 

America has seen a curious case of the k o( a 

youth calbnl William Jativ— >■• (•'■•mI, who sni '"^ 

especially in Boston, with 'f his rvii 

and adventures in the rcnion-«i comer* ■■! iii>- v...ii>i. »»..■• 
method of Reid's was to invent interviews with non-«xiMrat 
|X>rs<ins. An article on t! " '''•«»or who had 

met with a wonderful r.\<  a New York 

paper. All efforts to Hntl this i «ho «t»» viid to »>o 

visiting Boston, wvre futile, th' -r. s« w^ll s» fh»» 

pigmies, Ijeing an ii. 
as a rule Reid's :i 

ex|»eriences. In the Itofton Home Jomrnol he ran 
articles ou his travels in S|«ain. From th'- fir-t t 



±> 



UTERATUHE. 



[July 14, 1900. 



■■Uwi writtilw in Rtrid's e^^y. mubm teisK ap«)t «-rone ; but 
■• tike (eaarsi tone <>( the articJaa «m litorary, lie Miippo-MMl 
tkat Umm wer e WFr<>ly th<> eroeiitricitip^ o( ftvniiiN. Uuly u fow 
.< I he art!r>«^ hint »iOfii puhliiilitMl before pr»a»lor8 wrote to VMiiiit 
(■.ireiilly kiK-w iiolliiuK of tlio pliHt-s lie 
.1 work is a IhmiW of 50U |>a(ces on Ion 
i.Miri , \  riu.Mi_;li I iievplortsl Asia," with u man named 
iUiruu, in tlii' .warn IMU auti 18iH. TIiIh book, pulilislifU lawt 
autumn by a Boston Umi who had accepted it in koo<I faith, was 
qaite a revelation to Reid's friends, who were nntler the impres- 
hion that they saw hiui again and ngaiu in the i>el)(liliourlioo<l of 
BcMton at tiM> time when he s4iys he was making his 11,000 mile 
journey through A-ia. The obvious improbability of this biKik 
le<l to Kcid's cxpoiiurc by the Brooklyn liiiily Kngle." 

• * « « 

Kostand's L'Aiglou is already beiuK adapted as an o|M>ra, 
and the rumour that Cynino d« Jieryfi-ac is also to 1h) 
preMiiled upon the musical staxe is not nnoxpected. Cyi-auo, 
with its heroic style, itsstrouK flavour of bombast and rhetoric, 
is • play u<Unirably suited to show off all the brilliant combin- 
ations of the modt'rii orche.stni. If the rinuour turns out to iMi 
tnie, we «»n only ho|)e that the com|K).ser who writes the opera 
\<-\\\ lie wi>rihy of all the dr.iinatii- situations with which he will 
liuxc to cope. In the right hands a most effective trio might Imj 
made out of the Iwlcony scene, where Cyrano prompts Christian 
with floe siH.'echt's to win the hand of Hoxane, the lady with 
wlHim he is de«p*?r.itely in love himself. It would require a master 
to wrltemusic for the still more pathetic situation in the last act, 
where Roxane discovers the real author of Christian's love- 
letter— the dying Cyrano, who reads it at her request in the 
twilight, and, as iLirkness obscures the words, recites from memory 
the Impassioned sentences which had been prompted by himself. 
What an op|iortuiiity fur the dramatic musician ! 

• » * * 

The opera has always lH?en in close connexion with the play 
in France. Moliere himself would scribble off words for a little 
pastoral o;x'rrl/e for the diversion of Louis XIV. Rousseau, the 
father of melodrama, was an opera writer, and Marmontel, when 
tbe public found his plays n little insipid, would call ii|K)n 
Runeaa to collal>orate in an o|H-ra. Beanmnrchais' plays, 1,4: 
H<irbu-r df Si-rille -.iml Figiiyo, art: even l»etter known in their 
operatic form. Hugo's Ernani and I.e Roi n'aniuiie lin<l 
hardly the jiopularity all over Kurojie of Verdi's musical 
ada|>tations — Krnani and liiijoletio. Have not the tunes of 
Im Trariiita given mor»> pU-asure to different nations than 
Dumas' play />i iMime nux I'nmeliax, on which the opera is 
Ijancd ? The language of music is universal, and p<>ople who 
csnnot follow a play in a foreign language can listen to a good 
tone of any nationality. 

« *   

DiAuntrnlf ilrr h'rinirn is a new p<'riodical «><litt«d by Marie 
Lang and piiMislied :it \'ienna. It reveals a cMirious slate of 
thiaipi aa to the |H>sition of women in (>erman-s|)eaking countries. 
In Mime towns no girl <ir woman walking iiiiacconi|>niiied is safe 
from iMilico inquisition. A certain Dr. Ilciliiig<-r assures the 
public uf the terrible condition of things that the eiiianci|)at ion 
ii( wooM!!) has brought about in this country, where w<imen are 
mayors, Ju<lg(.>s, and profesitors, with the sad result of the 
destruction of the faiuilyand the entire loss of domestii; comfort. 
Dr. Lueger, however, abs<ilves Kngland, and sees in the emanci- 
)>ation of womeu an invention of the .lews. But the same journal 
shows that, in spite of thene follies, much useful work is iM-iiig 
doo* ia a quiet \my by the women's societies and unions in 
Austria. There is a careful bibliography forming a fortnightly 
record o( the books and articles dealing with the intercstsof women. 

• • • • 

Thry certainly understand the art ol literary celcOiration 
and lieoefaclinn in Poland. It is alsmt a yc-ar and a-half ago tJtat 
PalMid sabscribed no less tluin £'JO.00<) r<ir a monunu-nt of Adam 
Miekicwicz cm tlie occasion o( the centenary of his birth. .\nd 
imm we read tiiat the Inhabitants of Warsaw have agreed to 
, Hienkieskics with a gift o( laniied property (for which a 



largo sum lias already VHH>n sulmcrilM-d) to celebrate his Jnbilee. 
The Jubil<>e ceU'hrations are to lake place next November. 
SienkiewicJ! has ulrendy many admirers in .\merica and in tbis 
eouiilry who may l^fl inclined to ccintrilinte. .Mr. hklnuiiid tiosse 
may Uiid h<>re iiii illiisii-alion of the thtHiry which he discU88t>s in 
the .l>i;;li>-.s'ii.viiii liri'irii' that it is the little |M^o])les who are the 
el«M.'t in the matters ol the spirit. 

 » * • 

.\n autograph letter of Byix>i) which eoiucs under Messrs. 
Sotheby's hainmei- next we«>k is dulinl Astoii-hall, liotherliam, 
OctulMtr 4, I8K(, and is addrcssinl to Mr. John Miin-ay, his 
piililisher. The |)oel gives this explicit inslniclioii : — " In the 
pr«K>f fiMiu the ' Cui"se ' alter this line ' Wlios*- arts and arms 
liut live in poet's lore ' to ' Whose arts revive, whose anus 
avenge no mor«".' Rememlier lliis." The strange fact in con- 
nexion with this )Hirlicular letter is that the lines have ucver 
Is-eii altemMl. In the Byron ('did'oii dc tuxe now lj(>ing is8ue<l by 
Messrs. Murray the lino i-emains as if the letter in question h:id 
nevi-r liei^n |)<>nnwl ; neither is allusion made to it in the corre- 
s|M>iidciice. If wo mistake not, Mr. Krnest Hartley Coleridge 
some lime ago examined the letter on tx'half of the publishers, 
.•iiul, |»i)ssil)ly, in future issues the line \vill np|>e»r as revised by 
Bynin. .\t present there is nothing to show, tirst of all, why 
llie instruction was not carried out, and, seconilly, how the 
letter passt^d out of the llrm's hand. Kor some yoars, \\t? 
iK'lieve, it was in the possession of one of the Whitliivad family. 

 »   

An interesting and rare book is included in Mr. Quaritch's 
recently issued Part VII. of his " Catalogue of the Literature 
and History of the British Islands." This is a copy of the flrst 
edition, 1584. of Ueginahl Scot's " The Discouerie of Witchcraft," 
one of the select volumes that have lieen condemned to lie burned. 
Scot's work was the first real attack in Kngland upon the popu- 
lar lielief in witches, and raiw<l a great cominotioii. One of the 
many to enter the lists against him was none other than James 
of Scotland. The King ])ublished a counterblast under the title 
of " Diemonologie," a copy of which alsollgures in Mr. Quaritch's 
long list of works on this subject. When Jaine^ eaine to the 
throne of Kngland he revenged himself by condemning his op|>o- 
neiit's liook to the flames. Scot's work is a fair slateiiient of the 
case for and against wiUrhos, without any of the Uorrilile details 
which generally make the reading of the trials so offensive, aud 
he finishes every section of his argument by showing the utter 
iniM'asonableness of the whole superstition. That a consider- 
able Isidy of public opinion was even then on his side is clear, 
for in his observations on human credulity he i-»'inarks : — 
" HowlM'It yon shall nndei'stand that few or none an" thoroughly 
(lersuaded, resolved, or satisllo<l that witches can indeed .iccom- 
plisli all those Iin|)0«HibilitIes ; but some are liewitcluid in one 
|H)int and some co/.ened in another until, in flne, all these impossi- 
bilities and many more are by s<'veral iM'i-sons afflrim-d to Ix* true." 

 »  » 

Several matters of moment came liefore the Congress of 
Archieological Societies Inst W<'<liiesdiiy. Mr. .1. Willis-Bund 
d«-alt with the British Museum Hill, and expressed himself as 
generally in favour of local depositories for local records; and 
as chairman of the Worcester County Council he was glad that 
they had just ex|)ended £1,200 on record-i-ooms for their own 
purposes. But Mr. Bund regarded it as a mere dodge of the 
Trc-asiiry to ex|HK;t them to llnd house-room for t lie casfc-offs of 
Hie British MusiMim nnU-ss they were provided with the funds. 
And there was also the difllculty of proper custody and 
proper inspection. Sir John Kvans, who presided at the 
Congress, is a British .Museum triisU-o, yet he had no hesi- 
tation in opiiosing I he luunner in which this permissive 
Bill was drafle<l, aud lie admilted that, if the compara- 
tively modest plan for extendiug tlie buildings at the 
British Museum was only carried, there would lie ample 
room in the basements for the r«-tentioD of all they were now 
receiving for a long time. A resolution was nnanlmously carried 
asking the Treasury to press forward thi' new buildings at the 
Museum as rapidly as (lossible. 



July 14, 11)00.] 



LITEKATLKE. 



ss 



I 



nil till' I 
(inon- <H 

I In* IM'IMl** 

rllrl iHilH-ra 
(i~<lal>ll>lii><l 
iili«» liriH' |ir< 
friifi-riiitv U 



Thodo who aro lnh^r*»«t<>*l In tho kiibjivt of Dr. Cox'n impcr 
uhich npiM'iiitHi in thf-w i-iiliiniiiK ii w<n<I( or two ii;^ will follow 

1li*» <'<)iir'M( of tin- Hill lis lo rii^i4Hly of illiMN'Haii n riN !ilr«'nily 

rarrl<"«l tlirtiiiKli llic lloiis<'of LoriN, to wlili'li tin- Ai'<'liii>ii|i>{;i('(il 
CoiiKn'M)! also dovoU'il conHliliM'silili- ( iini'. It »«« «iiiil to liiivr 
Ikhmi Kii(;;;('><t<'(l liy rlio Hislinp of I.oiiiloii n( tli<- rocotiiim-iKliilioii 
of (he KiM-li'MJiistliMl I 'oii)tni'>-ioiici-«. Mr. W, I'li^i' miid iliai ||ii< 
Bill |irovi(lf<l for " rlif Hiilfli-irnl IwumiiiK of ilitM-ixoin riH-nrd* " 
liy the l<^'<'lrsiuxt.i(-»l ('oiiimlNNioiiprH, iipiMirciitly frtiiii (heir fiiii(l>. 
ThJN >viiM itxe<>lli>iit, liiH till' Bill ill HfVKi-ul |Hirli<'iilur>i nun niilii>r 
.va){ii<>. It pmvidi'il lliiit (li<> C'oiiiiiiiMHioiii-rs mIioiiIiI llii-iii-M-lvi-H 
settio what won? " diorcHiiii " ii-cordi, and if Ifn-y pnividcil llii- 
iiioiu-y tlioy would Ix' ti-inptcd to iniiiinii/<-. An-liidiui-onnl and 
(irciiliar iiiiiiiiiiii-iilH ai'O llttio known and ar<> far wors«> looki'd 
aftrr than opiscoiiul rcconls. Mr. Pagf fi>iir<>d that lli*>w. wliii-li 
iiro of nwat valin-. wonlil imiI como nndi-r tin- word " diiM'<'«.iiii." 
Mr. \V. 11. St. .loliii llo|H' said that episcopal ii-roiiln w«>ri' in 
Kfi'at daiiK<*r. Soiim> that li<> knew wi-if ini'iidy Ntort'd in lln'Hitk* 
w<H>d<'n (MiplKiarils in an oiiliiiary oIlU-o. Itcfi-ii'iuf whs inadv to 
Dr. I'ox's nrliclc in Lilrriiliirr as ti> their y;r<'at valiif. A coni- 
initt4H> wns n-rpiitly :ip|Miint4<d by lli«> First Ix>rd of tli«< 'rr«'a»ury 
to in(|iiir<> Into and r^iiort ns t<i local roe«rd"< p'iM'nilly and tlioir 
pres«Tvation. This was doiio at the MiKf;<'stloii of hiHt y«>»r's 
•'oiiffii'ss. On WfdiH'sday iho <-i>ii;;r<'ss d<'i'i<li>d to ask IIm- 
(JovorniiH'iit not to pi-<ic«>fd with the Oiooosan l!<'<-ord Bill niilil 
1liis ivjMirt has iMs.n pis'sonto*!. 



.1 Mr. I'.. 
Thl- In 



r w. *r. < 

>. A I. . 



,\ i-nn '".] lU'iM \\ r M I's : 'rlu' /)(li/;/ .\'F'> .'t .1 iiiM- .i M li. Ill a 

lirit'f articl<> mi " (Vrlain Dirkons ClnliH," sjiys that " at last, 
:ift«'r thirty yi-ars. roiiios the Boz Cliili. is>iM'nlly fornird out of 
thp fraiiniciits of ' Bo7."s ' most cln'rishod survrviiiK frii-nd*." 
The iilliiNion is to a wlcot p;athoriiif; of thoso who kin>»- Dirkriis 
in the fl<^sh, who met to diiio loeolhor at llit> AthcmiMini Cliili 
liy invitation of Mr. Pi'n-y KilzK<'r.il(l. hiin-olf an inliiiif of tlio 
.i:reat novi-list. Tln> party consistoil of Mr. Man-ns .Sloiio, l{..\., 
the illustrator of " Oiir Mutual Frioiul " : .Mr. Luke Kildtj-s, 
11. .\., tlip illustrator of " K<lwiii nriHMl " ; Mr. .1. ('. Parkiiisi>n,a 
1-oiitrilnitor to All tlw Yriir Hoiiiul ; .Mr. .Vshby-Storry, a wpitor 
<m Diokt'iis topics and Dickonsian lo|)OKr»pliy ; Mr. Oharlcs 
Koiit, who won Dickens' friendship Ihroiiuh a kind and appre- 
ciative review of " Doniliey and Son " ; and Mr. K. (J. Kitton, 
who never saw DIcki-ns, lint has priMluced many volumes 
relating to " the master." Other gnests wei-e th<> novelist's 
son, Mr. Henry KieldiiiK Dickens, QA'., Mr. ('lenMMif Scott, 
lyord Sliaiifl, Lord Herries, tlio Hon. Mr. V<>rnoM, and Sir .1 Ames 
t.'ricliloii Browne. I am not aware, however, that the iiitor<«!it- 
iiij; event has oriKinated, or was inteiiiled to inaiiKnnite, a 
*' Boz Chil)," as the Dnily .Wicn suKKfsts, though it is to l><> 
hoped that such a dnli may Ikj the result of the Atheniviini 
<linner. An tlio /)(ii7!; .Wicii iioints onf, fhert^ are nonrishiii); 
Dickens t^lulis elsewhei-e, notably that fonnried in B<istoii. 
U.S.A., by Mrs. .Adelaide H. (Jarland (its Pnsidcnt) in IWM. 
This is essentially a ladies' ccnifraternily, and christened the 
" .\11 Around Dickens t'liili " : it iininlM>rs nearly ei){lity niemlM-rs, 
while anions the lioinn'ary inemlH'rs we lliid the iiaines not only 
of Dickens' near relatives, lint of those who are distiii;:iiis|ii>d 
in literature liotli in Rnirland and America. The Dickens Club 
at Birminjjliam is, I liclieve, the only other cliiti Iwarinjt his 
name ; it was founded some years aj(0, and is kept alive by small 
subscriptions to cover working expenses. Like its kindre<l 
society at Boston, it promotes the study of Dickens by means of 
original jiaiwrs on Dickens topics at evening ineetiiiKs, and 
readings from his works. The Dailij .Wic.s omits to mention the 
" Pickwick Social Society," founded nearly three years ago by 
n few Dickens admirers in T^ondon. This siviety has for its 
object a monthly meeting of memtiers for a social evening, con- 
sisting of readings from " the master's " works, inters|iorsod 
with music and conversation, B<>giiining as a private iriiiiiuii, 
application for momljership quickly pimivd in. until it be<>aiiH> 
necessary to obtain more accommodation. The " Pickwick Social 
Society " was al«o forme<l for charitalile pnr|Kises, and has 
alr«Mly assisted many deserving cases, .-Vt the time of the 



•TheCh. 
Iihilitl lWH»).|fiven liyil - -... 

bill oiu*lleni apropos of lll(>ken«,vlx.,a " 

• • 

Kxactly what it in that .Mr. liiTnird «'.< 
;iIhiiii pliMs ill his nrticif* nil  '■ " -•■'•t<.<'t In ('<., 
lo wliii-li a llr^ •( bis |<a|" 

l'l'>' fai'tory muuiiimi. I'o Im* ihi! 

!•■ is >tr. ('a|M-«' playful \ 
li'ristic ili.iiiii of Ills I ' 

he is writing of (he pl< 
novel without a plot if i|iiii<' 
harilly jnsiiHed by the faciv. i 
Ims-ii distiiigiiislie<l from <-|m 
thai a dnima comes lo an ci ' 
lint Iheri- an* no ade<|uale Knniniis for  
an oir-shixit or sulNlivisIon of the ilroi. • 
as one infers fn>in the early Greek t-^ 
an epic in |imse than a dnma in nnrr^mx- e'tm. 
nith<>r than the O^lipus is its inoilel. I^ter, th* ■>• 
taken the place of Hh' 
the seniion — thrw kii" 
an' usually ilis|M>iised with. N. 
fnnclioiis of TlioK-ritUH, of .Inni 
fnnctioiis can Ik* dischargisl eilln*r with a pi' 
The conteni|iorary tendency, It i> fme. is 
direction of plots. On thir 
has, in the haiida of such < 
and the cr«itor of " Sherlock Holmos " ailalnml 

which would have Ihhmi Ihe envy < ■'■■  ' 

ingenious novelist* <if Ihe age of K' 

resembles that which a o-ntury ol iiin.-hh. 

into nifist mechanical contrivainf"<. B<'t»is.n •• 

the new there 1- ' 

ancient strong Ihi\ 

what one may des<-rilM' .is the 

follows Ihe lines laiil down in Hi' 

its middle, and its end, it" 

iiieni of scenes so as to m 

made gr«'at strides iliiriiig Ihe last li»ll-c<-niiiry. I 

nolnble literary iiiiiovations it prolwldy came (nMn 

all evenia it was flourishing in Krance licfore ii 

KngLind ; and one can most imsily tr.«— ■•-  

There is no plot, as a dramalisi would n 

the novels of Madame do Stael. The jn .i- ..i 

inchiHite and crudely handled. Hut in Klaulien 

steady progn'ss towards a r 

of the ••sseiice of pl'<l ; 

favourite iiHslel. In f 

to a grtnjt rtr.inialic «ii • 

.Mr. Kail Caine and Mr. Uip 

calibr«> of Mr. Thomas H 

little of Ihe sort in Thackeray or .\nthoi 

Ihe writers of the age anterior to tin-"" 

entirely for the Ix-lter is another r|n< 

it may Im>, arn'sis attention more cer 

that it holds (he attention «» long a-  

one hesitates to say. Most of It ' 

to again and again — fntm " D. 

Pa|K'rs " and " V" 

of climaxes and ^i 

vance of which li ' 

..Rschylus. We ■• 

upon climaxes and surprises, a good • 

etaporatc aftf'  Irsi rcolinL-. and ' 



Im 

• t 

■k 



it 

If 

 rt 



In «ay 

~ i.i„.^ 

 * 
.|. 

iC- 






en 

• •a 
u 



lM> 

'.it 

MS. 

 prrli'<cli«iii 

'■' 'I isl 

lit 

"4 

•d 

.1. 

'h 
li. 

i«n 

"7 
Vt 



in 

1^ 1 1/. M ape 

«f niid that 

i« 



lie 

>a 

at 

is 
si. 
'Ut 
<l9 

ns 
•k 

.id 
■■r- 
tn 
lid 
lid 
 II. 



24 



LITERATURE. 



[July 14, 1900. 



TO ART. 



personal Dicwe. 



The eve hath roiio to sipcp uimn tho lake. 

And ill tho h:<\vlhorii lir.iko. 
8leo|>-lillte<l by his nwii iiicllnw canilliii;; 

With whifli hi> rhnniKsl tlip wixxls the livelong day, 

Ati«l by tho fm;;r,iiit iiieouso of tlio may. 
The la»t s«t>«'t-thn>:ito<l tliriisli lialli ooaso<l to sing ; 

HiKh-mckiii|; |M>|>lar> iiiako 
A gcutle rtiHtliiiK miiriiiiir as (hoy Kuiiifi;, 

Holding; faint o<>iivors<> with tho evening star ; 

Kmni thoin and mo I know thoti art not far. 
Nor thy bright hair from his browu-foathonvl wing. 

Tho earth of her old deities is lon>, 
Xo more tlio tri ton's horn 

Sounds in tlio trniu|M't song of loaping seas, 

L'|>on tho white stones and (irtH'ii waterweods 

No uyniphs sloop now, no more the sound of roods. 

Blown on by Pan U'lioath the pleasant trees, 
.\t high noontide is borne 

Through woodland plaoes on the siiiniiier breeze, 
Xo more tho hi)rdo of iiiorry satyrs twines 
In glad prooession through tho laden vines. 

Singing wild songs in Biu-ohic ecstasies. 

Like sweet may odours at the breath of .luno. 
Or stars liefore the moon. 

Or sunrise glories from tho nioriiing sky 

Before the glad sun's siirftiiiK floixl of light, 
Man's oiirly droams and faiths are vanished quite. 

Or leave ImOuikI tor what was hi>|M> a sigh. 
For earnest (irayors a tune 

Sung without lioedin;;, for tho truth n lie. 

The sunmior and tho moonlight and the day 
Some know not-, but si>;h only : "Well-away, 

The spring, the starlight, the dawn's roses die." 

Yea, they are goni- with them that worsliipi>cd thee ; 

But earth and sky and sea 
Are thy fair temple still, and fair alway 

Are woods and Holds that our fast footsi,;|i> -.jiiin, 

Still night is clad with stars, and still tho sun 
Fills with bright wine tho pit<-hors of the day. 

Yea, fair iiniiiortally ! 
And some there are who to thy prtvincts stray. 

" Why so«.-k vain joys with iiioffectiial pain ? 

And why for shadows sfioiid thy life in vain 
When I have rest and calm ? " they hear thee say. 

Some sec thy soft swcot smile within the stone ; 

To soini> thou hast thy throne 
I" pen the bright orost of a towering song ; 

T . ■.riio thou smilcst with a homely look, 

l;.i>lily with lln'light, in an ingle-nook ; 
To HOOK- thou art where tortiire<l faci>s throng ; 

L'|M)n the city's moan 
Of anguish thy soft voice is lioriie along ; 

To some where tho loud tempostH shout thou art, 

Or in a dewdrop on a violot's heart. 
Or tliou dost slet.p tho dalTo<lils among. 

We only see thy shadow in a dream. 
Or thy white shoulder gleam 

Among the twilight wofKls, then fade away, 
So blind arc we with dust of little things, 
And by the (li-sh so shorn our spirit's wings; 

Thou shin'st a niomenl as the sunlx-iims play 
On bubbles of a stream, 

M'e take thy licht and vanish ev'n as they. 

I' o •KH'H in that brief gleam of light 

'^ r(l wMiro)' divine and infinite. 

And I great thmhbing nout within the clay. 

I AX D. COI.M.N. 



VILLIKHS 1)E i;i.SLE-ADAM. 

As I was tiiriiiiig over the pag«'s of tho recently issued 
Brussels edit ion lU: luxe of w>lect4>d tales by Villiers do I'lsle- 
Adani — and tlic " Histoiros Souveraines " is a beautiful volume in 
its large |>ag(-s, i-loar and llnely set tyi>e, and exquisite gi-oy-ink 
headpiece and t.iilpiooo ornaiiieiits by Th. van IJyssolborgho — 
my glance fell u|>on those w-ords in " Ak8dysa<?ril," an Oriental 
tale in which the young French exi)<->riinontalists of to-day dip 
as though it were indiHid tho fount sought by Ponce da Loon : — 
" La juvenile iK'aiito do S«Hljiiour, en sa blanchour rayonnaiite, 
semblait dollor les toiii-bi-es." I put the Ixxik down, for somo 
vague thoughts of which I had been conscious of late in eoD- 
iioxion with Villiors de I'lslo-Adam had suddenly clarilled. 

Villiers — " the great Villiors," " the noble Villiors," " tho 
incomparable Villiors," as his admirers delight to siM^ak of him 
— was for the most part ignored in his lifetime and adoi-ed since 
he died in poverty and disappointment. One or two famous 
writers helpo<l to make him the fashion, or, at least, a literary 
vogue, for a time. Vorlaine calling him " this incomparablu 
Villiers," M. Maotorliiick doing homage in " noble," and even 
the exact and exacting MallarnuS minting " the groat Villiors " 
for common use. Since then ho has Ikmmi praised hardly this 
side idolatry. So generous, indexed, has boon this praise that 
even those who do not road his writings call him master ; as an 
enthusiast of our London Press, who the other day spoke of 
" that incomparable romance, • Ax6l,* " and alluded to " the 
mystic ' L'.\doratioii dos Magos,' " a work, indeed, promised by 
Villiers, but, unfortunately, never transferis3d from the libniry 
of dreams to the hands of the printer. 

That Villiers was a romarkablo, and, al)ovo all, a stlTiiulating 
writer, is hardly disputable ; that he is still remarkable, and 
still stimulates, is the opinion of tho present writer and 
othoi-s l)ettor lltted to appreciate his i>eculiar excellences 
anil unique distinction. But was he, is he, really a groat 
writer ? Is he, even in his idealism, a clear and convinced 
thinker ? 

I .see that in his recently publisliotl and most interesting and 
suggestive volume of essays on the " Symbolists," Mr. Arthur 
Symons quotes Verlaino to the effect that the greatest of the 
(lii-tle-siecle p(K>ts of Franco was " far from sure " that " tho 
I>hilosophy of Villiers will not one day become the formula of 
our century," \'erlaine, however, is hardly an authority on such 
a point, for he himself had in excess in every <lireetion what 
Villiers had in excess intellectually, an emotionalism akin to 
hysteria rather than to mental and spiritual sanity. Villiers, as 
a matter of fact, had no dellnite philosophy. His mind reflected 
the s|>eculatioiis and drcmms, the tluniglits and spiritual axioms, 
of the gnostics and other mystics of the Asian Ktst ; but from 
" Isis " to '* Axi'l " I doubt If there is a sentence which, in 
8ul>8tance, and, indeed, probably in wording, could not be found 
elsewhere in mystical literature. I romembor when I first 
read " AxPI " 1 imagined that a new gospel of the ideal had 
been sot forth by this master of the white thought and the 
cameo phrase. Here, it seemed, was the revelation of tho poet- 
aeer ; in this fascinating, beautiful, auroral, but unreal and 
fantastic drama of spiritual liio, I believed a lofty symlstlisiii 
revealed the essential ideal. But the interpreter of "a now 
and profound " spiritual philosophy in " Axel " has yet to 



July 14, 1900.] 



UTEKATIHE. 



ss 



-coiiio. ThU Ktmiifrct drnma U r>lot|iml In (NuiiiiiiKil iMtitnty. It 
liaH iiiiiiiy moving; uiul lovi'ly (iliraM-N, uiui tnwurilx thi> cIdm! in 
pnrlioiilar ilixiiliiyM uonviiiciiiK lioaiity uf (lu>ii|{lit nvrull«.Hl by 
Mpiritiiul (Miiiilinii, 1111(1 of <li(!lii>ii cliirilUKl to n imlilx fXf<<lli<iico 
liy |H<rri-cti-(l iirt. Yol (o uv<-r that Villicr* it n |{r**at' tliiiikor in 
*■ AxJU " Ih lo coiifiiiw^ llio ins|>ir<Ml int(>r|)n>t«>r\vitli thoin>i|iiriiiK 
orcalxir. Rvon aiiionK Mn conttMUiMirariiit tlicru wsh a man who 
fhon(clitnll ViitiorM' thnnKlitXi l*ut tlinii(;ht far rooro aonrcliinKly 
and cvaelly- a man, too, wlio IukI iiiiirh of tlio «aiii<> arixlaM-nitli' 
iillitndo towarclH lifr, and was not lesi, iHTliajm nioii', iui|Hi.H- 
Mioiiod with tlio Catholiti idea — a man of wlioiii wo hi>ar littlo or 
iiothiiiK, and yet ono of tho most riMnarkahlu of niiHli-rn Kn-nch- 
inou (witli an incaliMilaljIo innni'nro on certain writer*, an 
.Mai'tcrlinck, for oxampio), Krnest Hollo. When, nx-ontly, I «•- 
ii'ad " .\x<"l " it <K'(Mirrf«l to mo continually that Villiont' 
" thought " iH as mainly a roflox of tlio " thoui;ht " of Hullo an 
liiN o<-ciiltiKm is mainly a ii-flcx of tho iH'ciiltism of ancient K{;>'pt 
and India, colour<Ml liy niodicvul mysticism, in " Axol " ho 
slrovo to unm his lifo-lonp; mystical Ideal, but l)oonuso that Ideal 
was not natively his lint M'lloctod from many kindn'd minds, or, 
nt least, was never iimII/.ihI aiisolnloly of his own mind, it is of 
tlio niinlxiw-pliilosophios, which chanii tho wiiyfariuK imagina- 
tion, but lead only to phantom kooI^*- In " Isis " and olsewhoro 
Villiers kalel)l(isco|M>d fit>ni his memory and imagination what ho 
had n>ad in many Oriental and medieval iHsiks and s|XH-nlat<><l 
nimn in many il^'amy lioni-s ; in " .■Vxel " ho was the |)oot 
inspired (and it must l)o admitted vaffiiely, howtsvor bcauti- 
fnlly) by Hello, as a consnmmato innneiife, as, lot (is say, 
tho impassione<l but vanno siiijjcer of the " Sonpt Boforo 
Sunrise " was inspiivd l>y tho pivfound and exact thinker 
Maz/.ini. 

It was in relation to this as])cet of " tho jjr«>at Villiers " 
that the sentence i|uotod in the o|MMiiiij; clauso struck mo as so 
HiKniileant. .\II his life loiiK Villiers strove " deller lea 
t<^nel>rt<8 " — »trovo to defy, t<> van<|nish tho shadows of tho 
actual, of tho world as we know it, of life as we ex|><>rionco it, 
of tieath as wo fear it. In all his wt>rk, from the " Isis " and 
" Eleii " and " Morjpjiie," of tho early sixties, to the |K>st- 
hnmons " Pro|>os d'.-Vn-delii," of IH\X\, tho distin;;uishin{; 
characteristic is " nne blanchenr niyonnante," a i-adiant white- 
ness hot h of thought and phrase : and, always, us it m*cmH at least 
lo the present writer, tho beauty whii-h he worships and oft«>n 
so nobly reproduces is in>t that masterful, that virile, that sane 
and absolute lieauty which we discern in the ideals and achievt>- 
ment of the jji-eatest, but a l.'^-.'i-. m n.it niiiiu^. ii.iinv, •• l> 
juvenile lH<autu do 8e<ljnonr." 

I have so lonp l)ecn an admiivr of the " C'ontesCrnels " and 
of other work by Villiers as romancist. that T antici|Htted the 
keenest pleasniv from a it^perusal of the twenty selected stories 
in M. Deman's cliarmiii); <'(lJ(ioii dc /ii.rc — and the more s<i as it 
is known that the selection was made by Stephano Mallarmi'-. 
Heiv, it is true, ai-e the ex(|nisit« " Akedyss«''ril," the sombre 
'• Souvenirs (Vcnitos," " L'.\nionr Snpmiie." and other brief 
masterpieces; but, alas, I found that memory (latterj-d. .\ll aro 
the work of a raro artist and a n>markablo mind, but if tho 
sayiny: of a ^ji-eat contem|)orary of Villici-s lie true, " L'art 
robusto seul a rcternite," then is it ilifticult not to lK'li«>ve that 
in another decade Villiers will 1m> only a line tradition in French 
literatui-o, and, )H>rhaps, rt^iiienilK.Mvil only for one sn|M>rbly 
outlined but incomplete creation, the archetypal Tribulat 
Bonhomet. 

WILLIAM SHARP. 



COLOUR 8IMILU. 



In IhU ngf of rTiKTtmciif If l< tint vlr.Krtf Twt niMI* 

rmotiofi that „^ 

inteuHity tm ,y, 

Kveu the primary coloiim of (ha- ^m 

to re-<'hrist«'ii. TIm> fl.Ksir, m . ..jll* 

and roth'," but J. A. mim at* 

" Huflfroii and Ivory. »<■ .• mnafc 

nvont exainpli*. Huh ^^tin 

in colour, iiaiiM's the Imii oi .4I, 

iimlM'r, dun, and pure oiliali." i .tli 

blue, ;;rtsMi, nsl, yellow ; l< iitnl 

terniM to lit the delic!it<' 1 >.,( 

pootH have enlarRisI ntt 

from evi>ry sonrt-e. \V. in 
the Jewel world. The olil S<-uilish |mm'I Uiiiilnr k« inM* of ibn 
llrst to ex|)erimont in this ni>w cM.l.ilti.l n.lil '• TK.- rc«»i« 

ymig," ho sayii, " throw lM'aim-'< •>.•• 

Spens«'r, still porhai** our III'-'  'n* 

countless jewel similes ; Up .1 

overirch a (sirch of rare dc\ ],■■■, ht 

SoiiM* d*H»p (Mi)fMir|*l<sl :i» th(* hyncitiA. 

Soiii' 

SOIIH 

Tho " Kaerio (^iicvu " also yioldn Mirh iiultllr'l><>« »• Ik* 

followinK, wii" ' ((■ i'-'iiiart'» bliiNhliij;. 

her pnn> Ivory 

111'.. .1. 

But tho whi..' ii« mmtriris«>n» nC 

daisies to |>«"arls. nr.iss lo cmutuIcI, Ii r^"», lh« 

sky to mother o'|M>arl, Iwlnnu !■> rv. Mo 

excessive has Ims-ii the Us<'of jeu. n u. . list, 

iiatun* often ms'ius vulir-irinMl, liKf .m ..mi , . njii, 

and our more fastidious |im>lit mfk aewt^r oimiln*. Tbaa IIm 

niinoriil wr>rld has furnished epithets lea* ipiuil^ ' ■-" -■— 

appnipriatn. Christina lionHotli wrilca : — 
Oiil- . - - . . 

Bl. 
nor must Ti'ii • n 

rusted on tin- ^ .m 

■>ccas!onally mot with : thus John Daviils.. 
.\t Eiister when iIm% thorn lw«i>t 
Tho bronr.ini; wtwmI with silv«'r sprays. 
Thus Mathilde Kliiid : - 

Miles anil mile* of taiifiled fern 
Burnished by the sun 
Ulow a cop|M>r dun. 
Tlio iovo of the uiM<<lunito«l for n<>w ml<Hir naiiM*s shanty 
its«>U in tiKi univorsallty in ancient tiii>c« «rf «och » ien« aa 
*' isHileur Is;i1m'1I<>," — in iiHMb-rii tiinen of such a term aa 
" khukiMsilouMMl." S s lh€> iini\. ii-jf. 

iUK the iMinlers of >■■■ (nnn •• i «jr 

eonrtdently e\|>«vt to tliial • "•- 

tiiiH>M the tt^'hnical naiiH's . iMt 

or Kroles<|ue--" yel|ow-<» iM-ini: ii*! 

carmine, in the f..||.i«iii_- !■ kin;;. T -t»- 

shar«>», 

iiino 

Deep not«>s of carmine palwd in unison 
l')M>u the hissing turf. 
There is here, <^ course, a daiiitrr <if artiSeiality : hal, in 
the hands of a 1 ; •■•rly alwayv 

turns to a sin-ees^ 

.XiiionK the c^  rms the BeiKi«n 

p<H't Verhaereii li. ■> work i> ilmisl 

unkiHiwn ill this couiiiry. Vol his is ilie spirit • -••, 

the far-olT jflaiHour, S4> dear to this aRO, the M<crj«f i"«l 

|M>rs|Hs-tivi>s. He embroces, iiior»<over, an e\tr.ior<l .-ly 

of !»ubjects ; — •' L«"> Vis;i;{i-s ilc l:i \'ii' *' show ns 1 ii»t 

I 



26 



LITERATURE. 



[Juh- 14, 1900. 



Imto Um laninnos nuliRiH<«> of • Tiim<>r ; In " Les FlaoMndea " 
lie ha* goae for {ii>pinitinii to tlip old Dutch painters who 
iUamiiMtod )>nita1i(y lir tboir fronUiH. In " Lea Moinos " n 
Tela of UHvlorii M-('|iiiciHin nuci ot nH><lii>>'nI myMtii-ism aro 
ndncled — while witli the pity for nil the e\i|ui!«iteness that is 
dMMi, thero blends a ke<>ii M-:ili/;itii>n of the ^I'ovi iiiaterinlism of 
thf ^' ^gv. Sym|>athies of »» wiilo u nuip- must nin-e-.- 

t»t. .tM> in intensity ; an<l the ]mhmus have the nuMleru 

note of Taipie ni({K**>'tivvneKs. the uuMlcnt pn^-'iou (or Nature. 
VerlMcren'a modernity ap|H>ar> in nolhinp: ho much as in the 
colouiM?xpro(a<i<Hi of his poi>ins. Here he is to a large extent 
a pioneer. He lia-t foriHNl ev<'n rheuiiHtry to yield him 
Ianiriia|:e. He haM i;iveu un Mich terms as " nitre-eolourod," 
•* phi>iplioru>i-o"l"ure<l," " sulphur -coloured." He experi- 
ments. t<Ni. in .siiiiiU's drawn from the world of minerals and 
pr< iKW. }Iis f{old is not the tlellnite and limited gold 

of : aKes, hut the jiold of tlilii .suii-sulTusion, which 

^eenls i.> inter|M>nelrute his very words. Wo read of " Le 
mira^re en or ih~. soirs et des aurores." And here is a jcissafce 
full of the miMh-rn mysticism that greets with rapture the 
uiicMilniiied at the core of the commonest object : — 
Les beaux soirs ilont les Rioires voyof^nt 
Et, s'aeeroohent, a la cime des lK>is, 
Pour les nimlier eneoiv, oonnne autrefois, 
De tout ci> que le ciel niit d'or et de miracles, 
Eu eux, eoMune eu d'immenses tal>ern:icles. 

Verhaeren cenerally avoids the over brilliance of jewel 
colour. He loves to extract strange hues from the more 
nncommon precious stont-s. Jade, for instance, and ebony are 
little ased as colour terms ; here is a fine jado-effect : — 
L'cau de ses lacs, oil se mirent les nues, 
Keste froide d'avoir baigne les chairs de jade, 
Et les crins verts des luisantes Hamadryades. 

Think of the delicate comparison involved in the juxta- 
position of shadow anil ebrmy ! — " Oes villes d'ombro et 
d'<*l)ene." Verhaeren also inilicatcs blackness, but less success- 
fully, in the phms«> " les cormorans irencre," — a metaphor 
•luite inferior to Sir Philip Sidney's comimrison of the suffusion 
of storm-ilarkness into the sky to ink |K)ured into water. 
Verhaeren has many sky-metaphors. Here is an immoval)!*- one, 
*' DD horizon d'ivoin-." In Verhaeren we And falling; water 
likened to mother o'lx^rl. to tortoiseshell, to silver. Sometimes 
be |;ct« a vivid effect by clotliing an abstract idea with colour, 
a«, for instance : — 

Dite«, la mer, nue ct pure, comme une id^ 
Qui luit et envahit nion amc enieraudec. 
and again. 

La verto immensite des plaines et ilcs plaincs. 

The mineral world affords this magnillcent metaphor : — 
Les grands soleils, cuivrt*s <les supriMnes automnes 
T<mnicMt eclataniment iluns un carnag*.' d'or. 
The alisolute Tightness of this term se4'ms to lend a glamour 
of delight to all our future autumns. 

The chtiiiical terms have even greater magic, but they are 
almoHt too startling : the air of the lalMiratory is still alNuit 
tfcea. In time they may iM-t-oine familiar in sptKM'h as an- such 
tmrda as olive-gre<Mi, 3ppli-gr<M.-n, and sage-gret'n. Hcrt- are 
two esamplcH :— 

En eette benre d'iinmobilil^ d'or. . . . 
Au casHcment dc soufn* i*t d'or 
De» cieux d'l'liiMic et de |>ortur, 
Jai regaidu •'ouvrir la nait. 
aod affain, 

Dil4ii, les estnaire* de nitre et de pliosphore. . . . 

Thus irradnally with the advance of science ev<-ry minutest 
ooloar-nbade «ill c<Hne to have its accurate unme ; and the 
rainliow, that was only com|»<><ie«l of Ave glorii>M, will have a 
million ; and »« in a world whoM- liordem are ever enlargitit 
poctrjr may And ita over-increasing opportanity. 

ETHEL WHKELKli. 



TABLE TALK OF A GENEVAN NUN. 



Her name was .leanne de .Tussle ; at the time of the Refor- 
mation she was a sister in the Convent of Sainte Claire ; in 
later years sho U-came Lady SujK'rior of a Convent at Anne<'y. 
In her hi>noured agt> she wrote out her ivcollcctions of the 
Keformaticm. not with any view of puhlishing them, but by way 
of )>roviding sonu'lliing of an improving character to 1k> read 
aloud in the Hcfcctory at mealtimes. Half a century or so 
after her death the lwM>k was i)rinted as a r(>ligious tract to 
show Protestants the error of their ways. Possibly it may, at 
the tin»e, have a«T»ken<><l some of them to a sense of sin ; but it« 
intor(>st for the nuxh-rn reader isnot controvei-sial but historical. 
It abounds in anecdot*', and shows us, iM'tter than any other 
Imok, what the lieformatiim at (!«'neva l(M>k'<>(l like. 

The story Ix'gins, for i)i-.ictical |)nrp(>scs, with the arrival of 
Farcl — the " nasty little preacher," who was vci-y soon to 
pn'ach the nuns out of tlie town. The simple method of this 
i-eformer was to walk into an.v chnrcli, climb up into an.v ]inlpit, 
and denounce the doctrines of the rightful occupant. Wlu-n the- 
municipal authorities lx>gan to remonstrate with him he 
curtly i-epliod : " Magnificent Signors, you must conflne 
yourselves to righteous couunands if you wish the sen'ants of 
God to obey you " ; and the magniflcent signors let the matter 
drop. Then things bi>gan to ha]>pen. lioman Catholic altars 
were carri«>(l off to be used as Protestant wash-hnnd stands ; an 
uncompivimising Lutheran fe<l his horse on cons<'crated wafers ; 
a Lutheran husband hired six burly ruflians to kidnap his 
wife and drag her, screaming, to tlie Supper of tho 
Lord ; aiul tlie sisters of Salute Claire, hearing these stories, 
formed processions, and marched round and ruiuid their cloistci-s 
singing |)enitential psalms. 

These religious exeroises, however, did not perceptibly delay 
the progress of the Keformation. The day came when Farel made 
the ease of the nuns the siiliji-ct of a special sermon of which tho 
substance has been jireserved by Sist«'r .leanne. They were his 
poor blind erring sistei-s, he said, but they deserved to l)o pelted 
with stones for undertaking to remain unwedded for ever — 
" a thing which God had not coinmaiidod because Ho knew it 
to 1x1 impossible " ; and he further declared that they ought to 
l)e " turned out and conip<>lled to niarr.v in accordance with the 
commandment of God." The effect of the discourse was. Sister 
Jeanne tells us, that, as soon as the morning sacrifice of jiraise 
and pi-aycr was over, a number of bacheloi-s, included in the con- 
gregation, climlM-d up on to the Convent wall and sat there sing- 
ing amorous songs for the edification of the inniat<'s. 

It was a ])icturcs(iit<' bcgiiiiiiiig. The next step was for 
Protestant visitoi-s to cimie knocking at the Convent door. Ono 
of them was au official who had Komething to say al»out tho 
demolition of a wall. Hi* washe<l his hanils in the holy water, 
and, when he got outside, went alHuit boasting that he had Ijcen 
privilege*! to kiss the nuns all round. " But this," says Sister 
Jeanne, " was a foul lie; for he did not even attem|it to kiss an.v 
one of us." Another visitor wiis a l.idy who, thtuigh onl.v 
allowiMl to converse with the sisters through the grating, sought 
with " pii|uant words " to prove to them that married life was 
more agrt-eable than s|>iiisterho<Hl. The Lady Superior very 
properly dosed the grilling in her face, but she " stopiK-il there 
a long time talking to the wimkIcii shutter without i-cceiving 
anyanswer — whi<di made her very angry." Finall.vlhe i-efoiimirs 
theuLsclves, Farel and Viret among them, came to call. They 
also were ivcpwsti^l to say what they had to say through the 
grating, but obtained admission under thi-eat of breaking down 
the door. The nuns were summoned to their jiresence ; and 
while the wnior reformers dlsc<uirscd of matrimony in its 
religious asjiects, the junior reformers ))roceede<l to make love. 
This was more than the I^ady Suiwrior could stand : 

She sprang fi-oni her seat and proteste<l : — 

" Mr. Syndic ! Since y<uir young iM>oplc can't ke«'p quiet. 

I Khali not keep quiet either. I insist upon hearing what 

they arc saying to the sistei*»." 



July 14, i&OO.] 



LITERATURE. 



«7 



And tilio plii<-i-<l horsolf iH-twi-on tho HiH(<>rH and the yi>iinir 
nion, siiyiiij;, 

" You'r«( n jmok of forunn] youn({ nifii, hut you won't 
nmko nny piiifti-oss li«>i-«>." 

Whfront they won* nil very IndiKnnnt, nml cxclnlmral : — 
" Wlint tli<> iltMil K till" inufhT wlHi llic woiniin ! Art< you 
nind ? Oo liiu'k to your )iliir(>, iimiliini, siml ill down." 

"I won't," slio Hiiiil. " I won't nit down unlo«M tliCHo 
yonnfc ni(>n Icavo the sistcru nloni'." 
Tlio L:uly Sii|M'rior was tumi-d out of tho room, nnd tho 
|)Pi'achor rosnniril liis diN(>oiirs<>. \Vi> roail that " whi-n ho 
N|>oko of tho NiriN of tho floxh tho HUtont hopin to Hrifaui " ; 
whilo tlio Lady Suiiorlor, ^flio wan llHtoninK nl tho koyholo, 
hattopod at tho door, cxelnlininj;. " Don't yon lixton to him, my 
nistors : don't yon liston to him." 

Thi> not M'snlf of this (insloral visit was ono oonvornlon. 
*' Tlio lll-adviHOil SiHtor Biasino " annonnci'il hor int<<ntion of 
loavinK tlio rioistor for tlio world, in ordor to sook a hnHlinnd. 
Tliro(> linndrod potential Inisliands woro waitiiit; for hor ontsldo 
tho ConvtMit Kalo. and no donlit slio niarriod one of thoin. Tho 
ivfornii-rsaddod insnlt toinjnryhy rc<|uirinKtho('onvont toproviilo 
a dowry ; and a fow days lator Sistor Blasino rotnrnod, drowM-il 
in tlio hoiprht of tho fashion, to doinand <lama!;o'< for diHoiplinu 
innictod ii|xin hor during hor moniliorsliip of tho sistorhood. Tho 
Lady SnjMTior ploudod jnstitlcation. " InipriNonniont," »h«> 
said, " did hor K""d ; .so«f how woll sho is lo<ikini;. As for th<> 
whipping, yon nuisl know that this kind of oorroction is as 
nwa-ssary in tho ••loistor as in otiior walks of life, and Sistor 
Blasino has novor l)oon wliip))od nnl<>s>« she tlioiH>n(;hly ilos<'rvod 
it." Sistor Blasino i-cpliod that sho had Imhmi whipiMid for 
working at hor spinning wIkh-I on Corpus C'hristi Day. " And 
vory wicked it was of you to do sncli a thing." intorrnptod tho 
Lady SuiR-rior. But tho Syndics adjudgtMl that tho punishment 
was in excess of tho crinio, and that tho claims of Sistor BInsine 
must bo satisllod ; and oxocntion «tis didy loviinl on tho 
convent fnniitiiri'. 

It was tho cnhninating outrage. The nuns decided to l«>nvo 
Clenova. and appliisl to the Syndic for an arni<Ml escort as far as 
the hridge over the Arve where (ienevan territory ondiMl. Their 
i^H^luest \xns granted. It is in her doM-ription of tho " dolorous 
•leparture." as she calls it. that Sist<>r .leanne is at her l>o»t. 
Sho shows ns the nuns walking " two an<l two, holding each 
other's hands, their faces hidden, oliserving a strict silence." 
She tells ns how the Lady Sni)orior liroke the silence in order 
to (joint out to the Syndic that a young man was disoheying his 
orders and whis^iering to a nun. and how the Syndic throat<-ned 
to cut tho young man's ho.vl oH if ho did not at once desist. 
Sho assures us that the Syndic himself was so uiovtHl at the 
si)ectaclu that ho " soI>Im>iI ali^nd," Init presently pulle<l himself 
together, saying " Now it is all done and settled, nnd there's no 
nso in arguing tho matter further." Finally she draws a pathetic 
picture of the wanderei-s, who, since their taking of the veil, had 
never been outside tho Convent walls, making their dolorous 
Way as In^st they could acniss the (leliN : — 

Truly ir was a pitiful thing to se«> this holy coniimny in 
siu'li condition, so overcome by pain and toil that several of 
them bi-oke down and faint«><l by the way — and that on a rainy 
day and in a nniddy road, with no me.ans of getting out of 
their trouble, for th(>y were all on foot, except four invalids 
who were in a cart. There weii' six jKMjr agtnX sist«M-s who had 
lnHMi for sixti'on years nuMubers of tlu< order, and two who for 
sixty-six years had never l>e«'n outside the Convent gate. Tho 
fr<>sh air was too nuicli for them. They fainted away : and when 
they .saw the beasts of the Held they wer«> terrilled, thinking 
that tho cows were bears, and that the sh<>ep were r.iviMiing 
wolves. Tlio>e who met them could not find words to express 
their compassion f«ip them ; and though the La<ly Superior hail 
given each sister a stout jjair of l>oots to kwp her fiH>t dry, 
tho greater nnmlier of thorn would not walk in boots, but 
carried them tied to their girdles, and in this way it took thorn 
from live o'clock in the morning nntil nearly nightfall to reach 
Saint .lulian, though the distance is less than a league. 



At Haint Julian tlio nun* wrn< met by ttM> |«n|Nilar<t •■4 

tho prioMtw ; tho latter bti^. ••:..■ ".'i. ti i.. ^,i....j 

public won<hlp. They fell .. 

tion of the crn»«. And Ihei-- «•- ^m ,r 

further forlnni-s nnd th<- n<niiiindi*r <■( HI,.' a 

have nothiuK to do with either tieiteva or ' 

VU . ,iLK, 



IRcvicws. 

•♦• 

BETWEEN CHAUCEB AND 8PSN8XB. 

" Salntsbury duco et au«plro KainlKbnrY." Mi^ar^. Btarlr- 

wood's " Periods of Kuro|M'nn I. - «| 

o<litorship of the proli">H<ir, nr< i4 

learning. The fourth volume, im i .), 

by Mr. (iregory Smith, is :i .!« 

|M"rio<l, which roughly H|Hiik i 

as far as Kngland is concern' J 

S|)onHer, will not seem »H unfruitful bk . ■*9 

aro content to enjoy t ho treaxiiri^o' ■•- ir« 

in his survey. In poetry of the hi_ In 

enough. Not all the efforts of I il.iMnk, 

0«>cleve or Lydgiite can halnnce t ! riiaaia* 

Malory's prose romance, " I. ' * in 

interest of thetiennan Mlim m. 

pared with th nl nr 

oven till' anniM'men if 

Spiegel." Of tho Kn'uch |M>eiry ot il ill 

maintains its vitality, while in pro-., ,4 

Froissart and .loinvillo, tho satirCM of Antoino cle I nl 

tho immortal I'atheliu, the first of the H|;ht t... ^ in 

which France excels nil other nations. In Italy wliile (bo 
grc>atest of tho po«'ts were the hnmble for. - 1  ,„_ 

the pulpit thunderotl with the splendid ' Im 

and the"Novelle" ^ • , 

Mr. C!regor>- the hlsbo^l 

creative literature in Ui> ><% 

interest for the stndentni -n 

the old to tho new. The evi. 

meilieval cycle, founded n|H»n 1 .■ 

Renaissance play ; the decay of the iniHlioval allegnry In tho 

I>oot's gradual diHilliision from iIk. ...1. v. ..t ...... 1 .1, j tt... 

Ui>s<> and the Court of Love ; the  

in the nfto<>nth century ballad ; th.- i.i, .n.-, ,. .i-.m-r . . m 

in the " Danse Macabre," giving way to tlw " rartM-  rji 

of the I{. . ; all these nr<  -  ff^ 

author  vely upon the crilie* 

have made for tliems<>lves in iln- 'v. 

Pnifessor Ski-.«t's lati>st theory th.i >u» 

chivalrous author of the " Kingis Quair." 1 

lation of the " Roman do la I{i>se " is ilnl\ 

Another much eontrovi>rt<>d iwiint. the origin aii^i .i|i 

of the ballad, givi«s rise to one of Mr. Cn-L-.rv s ...t 

Ininiiiions chapters. The oldest extant ex.' »- 

tnre lH*long to tho fonrtoenth and flfteen; 1. . . 

appearwnce of native simplicity and vigour w 1 

has naturally le«l to the thoory that tho ban.ni., .1.. «,• know 

them are later versions of (>»rlier forms, existing liefore tho 

development of the lit- .,......- , ,^ 

view incline to the I)«>1;. '-tl 

authorship. In an article on Mr. .\ -'g 

says :^" Like the Vi>lk« Heilcr -ripenn >■ he 

popnlar |Mtems of lie 

people." Mr. (Jr. _ 'If 

with the wTiters who rt>gartl the iKillad. not as a po|Hilar 
*' gi'nre," of nuxc<l anthorsbip, and of gwaf antJnniiv l.iit as a 
literary product, Jwsed npon the romance. ,■ to hU 

theory, if the extant Inllads aro not the < •• '-sjr 

quite as well l>e the literary copies of 1 -y 

versions as the echoes of fblk-Mcigs, springing tn.»n uie m-art u( 



28 



LITERATURE. 



[July. 14, 1900. 



the peoplo before the tltiys of " individuitl litorary effort." Tlio 
•baooMiaf proof makes it iiii|>oi.Hil>U> toc<>im> to n lU'dnito thvision 
lietvnH-n t«t> mioh opixwiH' tli«>«>rio-<, luit iiHMiiwIiilo Mr. Siiiilh's 
i«markH oil tbo fninili.nr (k^viivM o( tlic lulltKls adtl iiiiicli viilniir 
tu bU lhfv>r,v tbat tlioy am of artiflrial oriK>». 

Tho rtwUT will iiiitumlly timi witli Ofc|HH'inl interest to tlio 
imrtion of tlio Uxilc wliirli deals with tlio |>o«'try of our own 
islailflK. Ill tlio i>«>rio«l l»otwo«^ii tlio " ("antorlmiy Tales" and the 
•• Fiwry yiHMUi " the Soottish poi'ts far oiitshono tlioir roiifrrre* 
wNltb of the Twi.«m1. Wliilo Lyilpito and (V.<.|ovo wow for the 
iiMwt l«rt inoro ifli^v^ of (.'haiioor, llio work of Diinliar mid 
Himrynoii, the \ ~i of tlio •■ Daiioo of tlio Sovon Doidly 

Sitw," and the a^ i:iliiili«t of tlio " Lion and tlio Moiiso," 

wmaof ainiioh inoro individual oliaraclor. In tlio iKx-try of Knplaiid 
proper Skolton.who Is wiid to liave l)o«>n Henry VIII. "s )MM>t lan- 
reete, uraii tbeflrat to strike a note of his own. Mr. Smith oin|ilia- 
■iae« the more romantic side of this ])o<>t, who is too often rogardi.<l 
merely a* » mtirioal author of ilisapro<>al>lo dop:g«>rol at tho 
expense of Wolsey and others. Another iMx>t, Sackvillo, not 
mentioned in the pn-sent book, has Ikm'H rog;irdt>d by somo 
critlos as a ropn^sontative of tho transition. Mr. Ciropory 
Smith ends his survey of tho |>orio<l with Sir David Lyndesay, 
but it is quite |Kis.sible — in oonipany with Hallam — to rop;ird 
Sackville's Induotion .ns tho last link between tho modioval 
allopory projier and tho " Faery Qneon." This of eourso would 
earry us somewhat far into the sixteenth oentury. Sackvillo was 
actually a contem|>orary of 8|)onser's, but tho Iiidnetion was 
written some thirty years lieforo the " Faory Queen," and is essen- 
tially of a transitionary charaetor. Tho sound of Skelton's name 
or ov^on of Sackville's d(x»s not exactly eoininnnicate a thrill to 
the avoraRO British heart. It is not for individual gi-nius that 
wo must look in this (leriml. But the i>oots who followed in tho 
vniko of Cham*er did some service to jKM-tic fonii by their sub- 
mission to so pn-at a mo<lel. Once even, in a nion> ori{;inal 
moment, Lydgate addiMl to the fonns of vei-so in the Kiivoi to tho 
" Flour of Curtosyo." Mr. Gregory Smith might have nieiitioiied 
that these fowlin«'s provide the isirliesf niod.-t ..r ili.- •.<><>/> n-.-il 
by (iray in tho Klogy. 

Princesso of boautee, to you I icprcsiut.o 
This simple dyte, rude as in uiakiiigo 
<>f hortc and wil faitlifiil in inyn oiiteiito 
hyk as, this day, tho foulos horde I singe. 
In manner an well an in their manipulation of stanza and 
oonplet the po«>f« of tho flft<H>iitli century imitate<l Chaucer well 
enough at times for their work to 1h> confusojl with his own for 
ceaturii~( to come. After all, tho reveroiice paid to the " old 
malstordero" in tho imitations of tho|)<K>ts of the transition is a 
touching triliiil<' to his gr<Mtn<««s. It is no wonder that his " Well 
of Knglish nndellliHl " should h:iv»' 1111(^1 the rivers of poetry to 
the full for no long. 



CHINA. 



Two things should Iw made clo:ir concerning Mr. \. U. 
Cohiiihonn's Thf. "OvKitUkXH" To t'lllXA (Harjiers, KSs.). In tho 
first place., it is not a liook prfHluosI bi-caiiHo the Cliinesc. e-risis 
has b<.<-omo acute, but a Ixsik that hap|M'iis to 1h' ready at a time 
wboQ instructive liooks on t'hin«n«> affairs are wante<l. In tho 
NOGond place, it is not a Iniok of travel, hut a serii-s of i.ssays on 
tjte various political and commercial (|uestions conncM.ti.<l with 
Cibina, written by a man who visit(.<l China for tho )iur|Hme of 
ooUecting his facts. Ho many things have hap|MMie<l in the last. 
few weeks, and mo much has Imm'u cast into the molting |iot, that 
agooddcal of what Mr. ('ol(|uhoun h.is written is already, through 
n" ' his, out of «Ut«". His n|i{iiion that the Chiiu"«o " are 

II.. It (MHiplo to rule, but ar<., on the contrary, remarkably 

dot^ilf, " WiU no iloiibt justiDod by thi* fuels that ho was aide to 
ntfacrrn ; but he cannot claim the cnslit of having foresoi-n tho 
tfOMbles whieh have lately burst U|ion lis like a Itolt from I lio 
Mm*. The word " Boxer" is not, so far as wo have M<<>n, soiniich 
a* aenlkwed in hU pagest and be appear* to r<'|^ard the Cbiii<.so 



Empire in the light of a patient under eliloroform waiting to bo 
o|)er.it»><l U|M>ii by I lie Powers. Tho oiioiiiy fi>r him is always 
iiussia. That China itself can bo effectively hostile to any one 
dtM's not s<>ein to have occurrisl to liim. 

On the subject of the missionaries Mr. t'ohiulioini has a gixid 
deal that is inlen'sting to say. He setMiis to i-egnrd the Homau 
Catholic missionaries as the most dangerous, since the French 
l)eo|>lo (h"lil)oratoly use them as (((/ciiJs pnii-ocntci/rs ; luid the 
most dang<>i-ous of lioman Catholics an* tho Chinesi' converts. 
In connexion with this branch of tho subject he gives Us an 
incident which is w<>ll worth quoting : — 

A lioman Catliolic priest (CliineM-) w:is riilliig into a town 
when some of the country jMsiple cursed him. He at once gob 
out of his KiHhuwhair, calltid for the leading men of tho to\Mi» 
and told thein that iiiili>ss they paid him f<ll>0 Jio would 
denounce them to the magistrates. Ignorant of what the 
coiisisiuences of their getting into the hands of tho mandarins 
might be, the people collected the ransom (h'liiandod and i>aid 
it to tho priest. It is said tliat he invested the money in a 
houst> in tho neiglilioiirho<sl, and s«>tlled down in it to pro- 
jiagato tho iloctrino. It is not surprising that arliilrary pro- 
ciH'ilings like this should cause tho Christians to Is' fearotl and 
hated, and wo need not wonder at the o<-casinnal murder of a 
Jiriest when sm-li feelinirs ;ire spread y:i'iier:illy i Inonirlioiii tlio 
country. 
This, no tloiibl, explains a f^ooil deal. 

The chapters which are most interesting at the present 
juncture are those headed " Peking past and pi-<'seiit," in which 
we have some pleasant picMiri's of the life of diplomatists at tho 
capital of the Celestial Empire. Until ([iiite i-.'eently, it seems, 
they were a happy family, with very little work to do and no 
international jealonsios worth s|S'!iking of. The prominoiK-e of 
tho British Plei)ii)ot«'iitiary was unquestioned. " Tlu! stiff bull 
friendly (Jorinan, oflicial Fivncliinau, gonial American, smiling 
.Tapanese, and suave Uussian followed with go<><l grace the Yang 
Kuo Fn, loading tho smaller fry, Italian, R'Igiaii, Spaniard, and 
Dutchman, who were even more glad to benefit by the British 
ic*-l)ii>aker, altliougli, to bo precise, ice-breaking was rarely 
needed." The i-liango came alter the war with .lapan, when tlm 
rivalry for concessions coiinnenced. This rivalry seems to hav« 
had its I'ffect n|s)n the social iiiter<.onrse ol the Ministers, and 
was the occasion of avery humoiNins incident at the Peking Club. 
Tho French Minister, wo ar<' told, considered that us the reprt>- 
sentativo of his <'Ountry he was ontitl<>d ex nffirio to a seat on tho 
connnitto*'. When he was not elocteil, ho ri>sign«l his niomlKT- 
sliip in indignation. Tlie result was somewhat astonishing :-- 

What were the incredulity and amazement of the meinbors 
to hear some weeks alterwards, through the Chinese club- 
s<>rvants, that the French Pleni|>otentiary, who had nieanwiiilo 
inadii a great show of haughty indiffer«'nce, was in the haliifc 
of visiting the club clandestinely, in the early niorning. to 
read tlie paiwrs and magazines, and even to take them away I 
When ofllcially taxed by the cinnniitt<.o. .M. (Jerard's solo 
coneern apiM'ared to bo l<"»t the story should got into tho 
iiewspaiM'i-s. An amusing sketch did, however, ap|H'ar in tho 
lldlllr, a Shanghai illustrated comic journal : " Club Library, 
Peking, (\ a.m., M. (ieraiil discovcKsl in pyjamas, devouring 
La Y'ie Piii-inlriiiif ! " 

Mr. Colqulionn's Itook is written in a very interesting stylo, 
and, though some of the expressions of opinion containe<I in it 
will pmbably neisl to bo ri-visiMl, thew can be little doullt that, 
it will Ibid many n-aders. 



SOME TOPOGRAPHICAL BOOKS. 



Chalaea. 

We sliDiild like to see each district of l.ipiidon troatisl on tlio 
)ilan adopl.sl by Mr. Keginald Blunt in his lu.tHTiiATi.ii 
HisToitiCAI. Hasiihook to Chki^ika (Laniloy). It would ho 
difficult to take a iM-tter mislel. It follows somewhat on I ho 
linos of Darlington's London, and is scholarly, lucid, systomatic. 



I 



July 1 I 1 'too.] 



TJTKKATI'I^K. 



Oft 



aiul williiii icn Uiiiitn (!Oiii|il*'l<*. 1( it |)nirus<-ly illiisi niti^l, and 
tlifi illu.sl lilt ions an' ciirtifiilly i'Iiohcii from many Huiir<-<>-t —con- 
alHthiK of pliodiKinpli^i t*ii|{rnviiiKH and old prints, |M'n-nnil-ink 
tlrawin^N, ii'piiHliK-tioiis of pnintinK*<> plans, and <'\c<>lli>iit miipx. 
Mor<H)vcr, it is handy in form and printod in i-xotdli-nt ty|H) 
judiciouHly varii'd no n.s to Kuidi- tlio <-yi) to what is dislinclivti 
ill tho !iiil)|oct matter or the urmiiK«iii<'iit, It is :i book wliich for 
its cart' ninl Its liu-idity i' ■-  |.I'>i«im" '•• ••vi"\ 

Hainpat««d. 

Mrs. t'aroliii<> A. Whitr, fhi> author of Swkkt Hami-kti:.*!! 
ANii ITS A>iM<K:iATIiiNH (Klliot Stock, l.'is. n.), tells lis that lii-r 
miiltitiidinoiiH litorary oii)^)?<'nmntH hnvo pri'VPiitiMl hrr from 
linixhini; ht>r iKiok until sho has rcachojl her oiKhty-nlnth yonr. 
At any rato, sho has llnishcd a Rfiod liook— » littlo haphazard, 
p(>r)iaps, in its arraiiK'^mcnt, liiit packi'il with iiitorcstinf; gossip 
of tho fichtoontli conliiry, and well i!liistralo<l with views Inith 
now and old. It is hard to ronli/c that the llampslcad of tho<M< 
days was a houlth resort hnldiiiK iiiiii'h th<> wimo |H>sitii>ii (hat 
Harropilc holds to-<lay, €>\r<>pt that iron, and not siiljihiir, was 
tho diHtinctivo iiiKrodii'iit of tho waters. So it wah, however, 
and so hi({h was the reputation of the waters that, for the Iwnetlt 
of those who could not re|>.iir to tho wells, they wore " carefully 
liottlwl up in Husks and sent to Mr. Phelps, a|X)thoeary, at tho 
Kajflo and Child, in FUvt-stroet, overy niorhin^, at tho rate of 
;kl. per tlask." A physician, too — tho fcroal Dr. Soames — 
" Ijoomed " the waters, much as modern physicians Ikmiih those 
of Marii'iiliad, or Kissiii({<>n, or Isdil, and forinulate<l a scheme of 
treatment tor his patients : — 

Tho best time to take the waters is fi-om .lune to Michael- 
mas ; the time of day an hour after sunrise (no wonder music 
liepan in the Lonp; Room at (V a.m.). Ho allows his patients 
balm, or sago tea, with a little oranjte pjH-l in it, for bniik- 
fast ; or chocolate, milk porridge, or mutton broth, with bniid 
and liutl<>r. An hour after taking the water coftec may be iisi-d 
— the less tho l)ott<>r ; but as for the gi-eon or bohea thru, 
that " ought to Im> iNinished." 

Music and oilier diversions flourished, as they should at lM>altli 
resorts, and the most distinguished company might Ik< met tlioi-<> 
— Addison, and (Jarth, and St4>ole, and .Vrbuthnot, Hir (iiMlfrey 
Kneller, Swift, and all the Kit-Kats. Cay wont there, too. to 
recover his spirits after losing his fortune in tho South S«>a 
Bubbl<> ; and oii<> of Swift's correspondents tells him that " Pope 
la off and on. here and there, overywiiere, li mm ordiiuiirc, there- 
fore, as well as we call hope from a carcas<> so crazy " ; and 
Colley Cibber paraded there, carrying ixlcs in his pot'ket and 
" reading them to those of his aciiuaintaii<-es who would listen "' ; 
and Mrs. Barbauld took a house there, in 178."), and w-as calletl 
upon by Dr. Boattio, and Mrs. Hannah More, and Samuel 
Rogers ; and Lord Thurlow cut a noble figure " wearing his full 
suit of cloth of tho old imxie, great cuffs, many buttons, groat 
wig, long riilHos " ; and LtMgh Hunt shiX'ko<l tho ro8|>oetalile by 
invitiny; Shelley to his cottage. Tho nnister roll, in short, is as 
distinguished as nood bo wished ; and Mi's. White is to bo con- 
gratulattnl on having made us soo nil those many notables in 
their habit as they live<l. Her book is really a notable con- 
triljution to local history and has no dull paires. 

8upp«y. 

While we aro waiting for tho large and donnite County 
Histories which have been promisc<l. smaller County Histories 
continue to appear. The latest is Mr Henry Elliott Maiden's 
HiSTimv OK Sliiukv (Klliot Stock, 7s. fid.). It is bright and 
rendable. In adilition to treating of graver matters, it tells us 
of such things as Surrey cricket, Epsom Races, and the rise and 
fall of Epsom as an inland wiitering place. It seems that the 
first blow dealt at tho Kpsom waters was given by an ailver- 
tising quack :— 

A Dr. Loviiigstone started a rival well, nearer to Epsom 
Village, built an assembly i-oom and a sort of baziiar of shops 
for fancy goo<ls, oix;ne<l a gambling siiUkiu. and puffe«l his 
waters as the real curative Epsoiu waters. People deserte<l the 



(.111 \Mll I.Jl 

them, iiiiil III' 

liny otlu'r, or |Mtrlm|n prxiernnK it «• 
The watert lliinllv wmmii .■■■'••' i..i... 
invunt4>il in l7.Vt, nnd ' 
abli' surroiinilings itf die ^^• u i ,i, isi>i. 

School and Coll«c« HlMori<--i 

C'iiiiii«r CHt'ium i« a collcgn of Many arU, Iwl ail tk* wU 

have one thing ineominon— vli., a ''■<uto(r"th» 

HouM.*." It in. Ml to it|M<ak, a l< not analaat 

itself. A meiulier of aiiothi-r ct.l .i 

NUUilU^st MiHji^OH of the feoliiii; o( i 

lliefoniier homeof the " ' 

Iribiilioii III the Oxfor'' 

each). But it is of i ' 

aln>ady a little pn'n 

so as ho iniikes roM-an-h into iln former hiolory. The rra-i' 

Christ Chun-h — «» intinutely eoninN'tJHl with the rnoif^: . 

England — are, p<-rha|M, more n><i|>leiHU-nl than Ibmo nf anjr 

other colleg«'. Not only was the fonmlathMi niyal : bti* •' - 

Hoiis<> has Imhmi the n<«tinK-|>lai*i' of cmi lewi than tff 

progrosws. from Ktiz.°ilM>th'H to the fourth (:•• 

college of tho Prince of Wales. All thi« is diii 

Mr. Thom|>son. ami the still inon> ' 

buildings is well brought oiil, llwiugh i' 

much scattere<i alKiiil the Ixxik. Ktude 

alTords line examples in the history of V 

churx-h nnd nHiniiNtic buildings of Kl. Kr 

buildings of Wols«>y, tho tiolhic mnf to the - 

to the hall by Dean Samuel Fell — a womlerfiil esanplc <■( 

(iothic so late as Charles I., Wren's Tom T«TWfr, rightly p 

by Mr. ThiMn|>Hon in spite of its debaiwd tSolhic. and .Mil' 

buildings in P«>ekwater. Mr. ThonipMHi 

hiiuM-lf to Ihi n skilful biographer in his 

and his huppy way of chanicterizing the d 

Church — tho two Kells. Aldrich. Cyril .Kr 

Liddetl — is u pleaMiDt feature Ol his liook. 

Turning from Christ Church toM-- . .• 

cannot help feeling a certain lack of p. jlH>ut a 

of College Histories which givi-s as i 

very dilter«"nt in im|iortaiice. The am 

and Mr. W. R. Barker .. 

an account of all thi' 

buildings, lM>ginniiig wlili i 

monks, originally fnmi St. P« : 

establishment of (Jloiu'esti-r-hall alt«>r tli' 

iiMMiasterii's ; and ending with Worcester ('• „ . 

callo<l since the lit^ginning of the last iM-ntury, on aci-nant ol lb« 

lienefact ions of Sir Thomas Cookcs, a ^^■- •■■—*■•■■■■ i.-.r,.....i 

Nevertheless, they have found it iii< 

the histories of forgotten men, for iinn- i« noi 

distinguished name in the whole list of the Priors o( ' 

College, the Princi|)als ol tJloncester Hall, ami the I 

Worcester College. The s|«ice. too. whii-h ihi-y . 

attempt of Dr. Woodrollo to fc 

tiroek with tho .\nglioan Church ' 

tivnth century does not aild to th. 

Although there is little of hist. 

there is some alioiit the bnildings in which they livi><t. Ttw 

different Bene«lictino monasteries, which s«'nt their im>ml>«T^ !•• 

tho original (.•loiicester College, built tboir own eh;i 

(comcfif), several of which still r»'main. It i» all the 

unfortunuto tliat the assignment of individiul chamtjcrs to th* 

monasteries is full of <V'" 

with Rev. T. W. Jacks..; 

all their researche-- 

exact is that of > 

Pcrshore. Al>out t 

have taken a good u 

they attempt an in)|«»»il>le correciion oC the p • 

to the Chaiiel i" I^'i:c:in's O.voriiu /<li(»(r<i(ii. . t 



8«> 



LITERATURE. 



[July 14, 1900. 



< r^tKgsn ill lii> |iit'tiir<' rcpi^-^iil'i ii-> I ho nfrftoriuin 

^^ V tlir> Cha|M>l. But thi* ImildinK >n qiiooiioii ooiiUI 

!■ \HH-n lln> (.'liR|M>l, l>oc!ni«» it« <lir<H'tlon ii not 

. ,1-- I hut northward, aiiU it IiikI a louvn> in th«> roof to l«a 

out lh(> Hinoke from tlio poiitral Oro-|>lac« in tlio hnll. 

A Ihinl cnntrihittion to thi< M>rios' of CoIIoitp Hlxtorii's 
i« liy tho H«'v. I)oii;;lns Mncloniic, who writo* of Pkmiihiikk 
t'OLLRtiE, OxroBD. lie hiiN Hot Mirh n j;<MxI siibjfH-t ns hoiih- 
of tho othor colli ributors. P<>ml)roko hns not hn<l very 
many <li«tiiipii<ih<>il iiliiiiiiii, lint in rcfont lim^s Profco^or 
Ririholomow Prico liroiipht distinction to it ns Master mid the 
lat«' G. W. St<"OVP!i!t wns a Follow. Ono notes, however, that 
Mr. Maeloano hns lirnn);ht ont some new facts n)>ont Dr. .lohnson. 
He hns proved that the lexicocrapher did not |jay his Imtells 
lintll more than ten years after he went down : and he has also 
••stali1ishe«l tliiit th<'r«> is no trnth in the lejtond that he l<ickod 
Whitefleld, the Methodist, round theqnnd. There is, moreover, a 
tine piece of ix-ssiniisllc irony in the aiilliiir's jiictiiro of tlie 
Oxford of to-<lay : — 

Oxford is no loiiper Mattliew Arnold's serene city niiil 
adorable dreamer, but extremely wide awake, out of sympathy 
with " lost " or any other cnnses, with loyalties jmssilile or 
imiKwiiblo, and bnstlingly anxious to \ie abreast of the times. 
What Enf;l.ind thinks !o-diiy Oxford will think tivTnorri>w. 
The ideals, niedievnl or Lib»Tal, which made the lie^'iiniiiij; of 
tho Queen's reiffii so interestinx, are flat and fiii-j{oileii — in 
jMirt, realizcHl and stale, in |Mirt, explmled and dead. No 
illusions r<<mnin, nor any expectations. Kv«>rytliiiig is reformed. 
Kvorylxxly is |K-rfe<-t. And the great orb of tho nineteenth 
century sinks comfortably Im>Iow tho horizon in a shapi'less 
Imnk of jjr«>y cloud, shot here and there with angry streaks of 
rod. 

.\t a time when the histories of .nil sehixtls and eolleges are 
1)oinK written, the liistory of Sandhurst ought certainly to t>e 
WTitt<'n with the nv<t, and .Vnxaix or Sandiiciist, by Major 
A. V. Moekler-Kerryman (Heinemann, llts. n.), tills a gap. The 
greafer part of tho liook id taken tip with n>cords of Sandhurst 
cricket, football, and athletic K|)orts, and with the nflicial regula- 
tions tolling young men how they can got into Sandhni-st and 
how thoy will lie ox|M'cted to liehavo when they have got tliei-e. 
There are some grxxl stories, however, of tho Sandliurst iviws 
that were so numerous in the good old days ; and the following 
story seems worth quoting : — 

.Mmost (he last occasion on which the manager of tlio 
theatre complained of the lM!bavi(Mir of the cadets was when 
tiilliort and Sullivan's Inlanthe was l>eing performed, and the 
offondom were some do/.en O.C.'s, all l)oIoiiging to B Com- 
pany. The AHsistant-Commaiidant iuvnstigatiHl the case prior 
to tho prisoner lieing brought l)ofore tho governor for severer 
forms of punishment, and, iiicking ont the man most likely to 

have 1>e<M) tho ringleader, he sjiid, " Now, Mr. , I suppose 

you wore at the liottom of it ; what was it ?" 

" Well, sir,' was the reply, " it was all the sentry. He 
wa« a perfe«"t disgrace. We put him through the manual 
•■xcroise by nnmltorM, and into tho s|M>cial sfpiad, and that was 
all right ; but when ho said that his name was Williams, and 
that he Ix-longod to B Company, why, we took him off the 
ktago, wo simply couldn't help it." 

No defence oould have }tren of more avail ; In tho eyes of 
the Assistant-Commander the olToiico was almost |>nrd(mablo, 
and ovfrn tho ringleader got no more than thri-e weeks' 
restriction. 

Mr. A. r. J.«-.n-|i !■. tilt- f. ill Mr ;iii*t ill [ijirl » llf illltlior of 

BflAonn.D Coi.i>»r. (Fronde, lOs. M. n.). It in a short 

^ ' ' lego wmi only founded in 1S.'>0, and in |>arls 

story of financial v|nabblos, tho masters on 

H had gn-at trouble in getting their 

i'ool has not yet had many notable 

Kitchener was odncated thero. Tho 

1 are tho*n which relate the history of 

ib« Greek Hay performances. In the tnt perfomanoe, which 



took plare in IRSfl, the ca^t was very ilistingtiislind, Mr. F. U. 
K<>nson U'ing tho manager and the actoi-s in<-lu<ling Mr. (J. B. 
C. Lawrence, Mr. \V. L. Courtney, and tho Headmaster 
himself. 

We have received Vol. XII. of the topical section of the 
<!i:nti,i;ma\'k MAdAziNi; Lihiiaiiy (Klliot St<H'k, 7s. (kl.). It 
reprints matters of to|>ographical interest dealing with the 
counties of Surrey and Sussex, inrorining ns. for example, that 
" at .\shstoad Charles II. visited Sir Kobert Howard, the 
dramatic |KM't " ; that " at Barnes, Tonson, the Itookseller, ami 
secretary to the Kit-Kat Club, had a house " ; that " at 
Cliort8<>y, on St. Anne's Hill, residml the celelirated Charles 
.lames Fox " ; and that " Ueigate snffero<l by the plague in 
l<l(i.">." The account of Brighton in lil'iti is perhaps the most 
intt'resting to ((note : — 

Bright lielmslone, in the county of Sussex, is distant from 

lAindon .")7 miles, is a small, ill-ltiiill town, situate on the sea 

coast, at present greatly resorted to in the summer time by 

|M'i-sons lal)0(iring under various disordertt for the benefit of 

bathing and drinking sea water, and by tho gny and polite on 

account of the com|)any which frequent it at that soiison. I'ntil 

within a few years it wns no better than a mere fishing town, 

inhabited by fishermen and sailors, but llironi;li t he reooni- 

niendation of Dr. liiissel and by the means of his writings in 

favour of sea water it is be<-ome ono of t ho principal placcss in 

the kingdom for the resort of the idle and dissipated as well as 

of tho diseased ami infirm. 

To the average well-informed ptirson Silvertown merely 

snggosts gutta-percha. The iieighlMinrliood, however, has ;i 

liistory going back to the time of the Uomans, who rox-lnimod the 

marshes, and a tower in which .\nne Boleyn once livf^. Theso 

matters, together with other matters, ar<> duly related in 

Sii.vKitrowx AM) NKn:Hi»ofnH<)on (Hurlelgh, Is.), by Arthnr 

Philip Crouch. 

The volume on S( oTTrsH Maiikft Ciiorsks, by Mr. .lohii 
W. Small, F.S..\., Scot. (Stirling, Aeneas Mackay), is a most 
interesting work of its kind, and will be warmly welcomed by 
antiquarians and others. Details are given of a Large number of 
(•losses, and there are over a linndrtHl drawings of market crosses 
in position. Mr. .\lexander Ilut'-heson, F.S..\., Scot., supplies 
an introdu<-tion, which is all tno short. 

NfMMtTs ANI) CiiiMMiTs, by Sarnli Hewett (Burleigh), 
is a miscellaneous bundle of Devonshire songs, stories, and 
sii|M>rstitiona jotted down at niiidom. It is not exactly a Ijook 
for the folk-lorist, and the authorities quoted for some of the 
songs are a little odd. Thus for " Lord Lovel " we have " Sung 
by Mr. Ted Ward at a harvest siipjier, Soptemlx'r, 181)3," andfor 
" Barbara .Allen " " Sung by .lohn Snow, of Tiverton, at a 
siip|«'r party, A.n. IHtSW." We wimder whether Mr. Ted Ward's 
dale was ii.f. or A.I). ':" Wo shtnild like, by-tho-by, to have 
found " T<mi Pearce's (irey Mare " among these Devonshire 
idvlls. 



OTHER NEW BOOKS. 



Tha Weatmlnat«p Blotrpaphlea. 

Biography, as a de|>arliiieiit of literal uro, se<MHs to lie passing 
through a phas*.' illuslral<-d by the first volume of " the Wesl- 
minsler Biographies," Mr. .\rthnr Wangh's KoiikuT Biiownixcj 
(Kegan Paul, 'is. n.) — which, it may Ik* ho|M>d, will result in a 
clearer |x>rcoption of its proper aims and its necessary limita- 
tions. It is a subject which has groat attractions for a larg<! 
class of readers, and for years thoy have grumbled at but ondur<^<l 
the nnnecessitry and voluminous chronicU's of the lives of 
second-rat*' worthies. The " Dictionary of National Biogra])liy " 
may lie said lo some extent to have codified the laws of biography, 
and to have shown that , In the vast numlK-r of cases, an accurate, 
car«'fiil, and exhanslive record of facts may fnllll every require- 
ment that tho most exacling stinh-nt cnnld demand. And, what 
Is more, it has prove<1 that a compact and nnvamished story if 



July 14, 



1900.] 



IJTFHATI'KF 



Jl 



^rittfffl with si'ii^c anil iiili'lliK'MK'i' is iml l<->« liiii -onn'i iim - 

inoro intt-rcHtiiiu IIkiii (lilTii>tc )iukch of t rlvlalirio^ or of p\f r.ixa- 

pint eiilo>;y. Thfrf iii^c iii>tUinc<>H of ooiirw" in ■••iai 

interOHt, lilfrnry or hiitorieul, nlliichcMi tniliopu ..( n 

iiiaii'M pi'ivitle iliiiri<-M iiiul <>nrn-<i|M>ii(t<-iiP(>. Hut ilic^)- nrf- [■•» 

and tlu-y liiiv«« KCKi'i^iHy Immvi ovonloiif*. Not, thr least I'vil 

of the (liH|)iti[MiH!onali> li>ii|rth tOaiiiieil fi>r the live* of lhoM< who 

r«>ally iIi-mtvo not lo Ih< tornMU'n is that thi-y are not n-ati, and 

injil.itioo U Ihoi-i'foro dono tr> thrlr inomory. Tho " DictiiHiury nf 

National Biography" in uvnilBlilo only for » liuiitiHl rlam : Iwvtkii 

which nro Intended to kindle :uid NUntain an interewt In the lire* 

of the KfW't. men of our own lime often fall, either from their 

size, their e\|KMise. or the Mtyl<! in which they are cotnpiled to 

achieve their |iiir|i<>se. Hence the lirief inexiM-nnive biography, 

in a handy form, I he idea of which, we thinl<, WHxIlrst conceivMl in 

America. Wean- very ^c'ad that Mensrs. Ke^an i'aui linve iulopliHl 

it, and are prejiaretl to t«>st its hiu'ccmh with llie Kn^li-tli piihlic. 

The one ensential to huccoss is that the anthor of nuch a liio- 

^raphy xhonld not only lie a coni|M-tent critic hut nn atlnirtive 

writer, and Mr. Artlinr WauKl' liere provei himtelf to Im? ijolh. 

The combination is 

liy no means commoM, 

)i«wofl«>n iiaveweto 

regret that onr most 

admireil critics have 

not learnt I he one 

thins: which (heir 

studies should have 

taii)cht them — style! 

Mr. WauKJi's Knglisli 

is not crabbetl or 

lalx)iired ; it is not 

'• smart," or irritat- 

in^ly allusive; it is 

not self - conscious 

and sU|M>rior. The 

Koo<l I list e of llie 

style anil t reatnn'iil 

is what has si ruck us 

most in readin); this 

lM»k. Th<) iniiuia<-i<>s 

revealeil in t he 

Browning Letters 

are glanced at with 

symimthy but with 

restraint. The real 

merits of Bn>wninK 

as a man are shown 

at their ri^ht value. 

Browning; as a man 

and not as a writer 

is, of course, the 

main subject of tho volunio, and we ne«>d not discuss closi'ly Mr. 

^Vau•;h"s estimate, which is certainly not indiscriminate in its 

eulogy, of Browning's |MM<try. We should have liked a nither 

fuller bibliography, and in imrticidar the Browning Primer of 

Mrs. C'leiuent Parsons (Miss K. M. Wilson), which has, we Indieve, 

established itsi'lf as a I'liivcrsity Kxti'Usion te\t-b<Kik, should not 

liave lH>en oiuitletl. 

In th« Oapden. 

" A tiaiiU'Pi ! The word is in itst-K a pictur*-. and what 
pictures it reveals! All thI^>ngh the days of childhood the 
ptrden is our fniry-ground of swe«>t enchantnient and innocent 
wonder. From the llrst dawn of thought, when we learne»l our 
simple lessons of Kden and its loss, aud setnued to s(<<< t lie 
thornless garden, watonnl with clear streams, beautiful with 
spreading trees, and the train of innninml Iteasts and birds 
luoekly jjassing Iwfore their spotless lord ; and then lieyond, 
far onward to that other g-ardeu belov»>d by the Man of 
Sorrows, Getlisemane, where we cmild never picture the 
blossoming of roses or murmurous hum of sunmier Ikvs, but 
only the sombre garden walks, and One kneeling among the 



• ' htmt. In later ymra 
wear away a* miiw 
tntnia M Ptwtrjr. 

- ' ■> »••— -y I 



.t 



hitUllled. 

the miiti* 

wrenlkit in the vivtti i. 

. . . . They are nil _ , 

And through the niidsl of Ihrm fln«« ti 

\l..,i..ry, inliHl uith fair lill<«i lawn*. '- 

-< and whiniM'ring rMtl*. AnA ir 
iiii's<- ideal ihaUex are Ibti gardi'ii^ 
and niichanging in many a |iaii''<<i ; ,. 
heart. K'-al, and not lem id<<«l, is ,4 

gartb'iiK we havo m<(mi : ••<■<» <mee, n .«r 

since forgiilt«m. 

I 'n souvenir heun MX -SI ,»io-- i^ 

Plus vrai <|ue le iRinhenr." 

TluM| notation Is from tb«<"Pr«wm" toKKvi'.xfURlMWRAKOArjtiJtcs 

(IjiUi", OK. n.), by '• K.V, B.," a writer who d«ie« Hill--  ' »«^ 

identity with the mistreits of liun(erc<>inl>e Manor.  « 

appvan-'' ^Ip. 

A. K. ,•• 

"In Pr .r- 

•U'lW." .er 

I"!- '^ 

n m 

ut%-   ■.'<! ttam 

Vari.'ii', J. udlcala, 
and am worth eot* 
lecting f-" ')'•' <'loa> 



•nm of 

love the 
of old : 
old 




l>0 

Ihe 
sli«in 

'!« 



r, wilk literary 

-"- -f Joim 

( Miaa 

■h* 

'•a 

 •r 

b 



THK i.ARIIKX AT 

( Kn»fn " «*Trn I lanlMti and • 



Hl-TrntCOMBK. 

r>l>rr -li; R V II ll^nrll 



den l)y the pr«>sent owners. The Palace, to 

is devoted, is Hampton Court, when* Mrs. !: . 

lived to the ag«' of ninety-two. .\» »■»• read the re;< 

description of Maryeulter. by ttu- ^ ••'• f--' ■'•■■ 

s«Menee bids us remind Mrs. Bi'\ 

the river an' Is on its stones is ikm me r 

dip|H>r," for  very different birds, lioth I 

habitat. But it is a pliasant volume, which wv are gla<t t-i i- 

and reminds us of the old rom»ne«» of jrardenliMf. »• • 

when so much is written aliont ' 

The illusi rations, th<.>ugh one •  <d 

confused, are well conceivwl and hanaoaiae with the spint ol 

the Ixmk. 

The Book or GARDKtisa (L'peott Gill, Ida. n.) i* aailMti«a« 
in its aims, and • '  til 

<iardejiing f'^r its i h 

all the it .nipiUtii.: "r 

has wis. . ! of laboar. <t( 

each portitMi u( the wio. 'er who Iw* aude 

a special study of II .-rtUU are qoita 



82 



LITERATURE. 



[July 14, 1900. 



wUUhtftorf on the whole, and Kjicfiiit nifiition niiiy Im> mniic of 
the rhapteni o« norlsts' KIow<m-n, Tr««<v. iirul Sliriilin. On-liids. 
and Aqiufir Plants. But. ns i« iiliiio'.t incviiiililc, tlic Itook is 
inrtNuploto ill NOiiH* dinHMioiw, mid n><liiiidtinl in otlicrs. For 
CXMMple, Chry>:in(hiMninnH an- (Mitlinsiu-dicully tiikoii in liund, 
•ad aowc huudrtHls <rf tho fl()ri>ts' varit>tt<>s art> d«>»rril«'<l, whilo 
the loren of Lilies and DulTodlls will s<Mr<-li in vain for a.H»istanoo 
In tho rulti^-atlon of tli<>ir rnvouritc flo\vi-r>t. And tliniif^i then' 
are a few hintu for tlu> liuildiiii; of a Conservatory, wart-iHy any 
help b giren to thooe wishing; to liuild Pfafli-lioiis4>s nr Vinori<>s. 
There are a great nuni)M>r of fxccllcnt iIlnstration<<, and in a 
future i>ditlon it will Im> woII worth whil(> to make tlio Index 
really representative of tin- IkkIv of the work. 
Tchaikovsky. 

lu Ti'iiAiKt>%nKr : IliK LiKK ANu WoitK.s (Gmiit Uichiirds, Gh.), 
Mrs. Ncwuiareli offers to the general public u collection of 
articles already known to the s|HH'iUcally mnsical piililic, through 
the medium of the mnsieal |ia|M>rx, tofjet her with some oth<'r 
matter. The whole makes an extM-niely iiiteresfiiiB book. 
Tchaikovsky was one of the pionivrs of music in Itiissla, one of 
the llrst prof(>!wional musieians in his country. The Russians 
uaed to «t>ntent themselves in the towns with Italian and 
German ninsie ; ami in the villages with the untutoreil perform- 
anees of the )>enHantry. In this century arose a race of st-rious 
amateurs— soldiers, chemists, doctors, and cJiiiiofiiifc« — who 
devote<l their leisure to composition. And last of all came the 
Rubinsteins and Tchaikovskys. who held that Mistress Music, 
like Mistress C'omm<m Law in the proverbial ]>liili>s<>|)hy of the 
Temple, " must lie alone." The outward events of a musician's 
life are unexcitiuK — he strugf;les. ho|N-s, gives lessons, f;o<'s on a 
continental tour, and dic-s peacefully. A Boswell would llnd a 
musician a sorrj- prey ; his thoughts are his own, unspeakable 
except in his works. Rival coni|>osers do not quarrel wittily 
over 8upp<-r tabb-s ; they do not argue their differi-nces of 
opinion to a tangible minimum ; they shake hands politely and 
part. Brahms, " aware that I did not In-long to his camp, 
made no effort to bei-oine intimate." " Brahms confided to 
Tchaikovsky with quiet sincerity that he did not like his sym- 
phony at all. Tchaikovsky was encourage<I to speak out with 
the same uncompromising sincerity his own convictions al>out 
the work of the gr«'at tiernian master." As Tchaikovsky tells 
uit elsewhere — in spite of all efforts, " I never could and never 
can admire Brahms' music." The i-andour of T<-haikovsky's 
criticisms «( all the gn-at and resp<>cted composers is refreshing 
in contrast to the timorous insincerity of our everyday critics, 
who are ready to a<lmire the roost pitiful efforts of famous 
musicians. Bach's choral works he pronounces " great classical 
borca" ; Handel he found " intolerable" ; Wagner he regarded 
as aomething l>ctw«.eii a quack and a Quixon- ; he would allow 
Schobcrt and I'hopin no more than an " inventive faculty," 
unsupportetl by " imagination," and with all his reverence for 
Beethovi-n " he sometinu-s r«>sented the general l<'ndency to an 
indiscriminate Be«.thoven worship." The foreign tour, usually 
one of the dulli~4t episo<les in a groat musician's life, is made 
gay by the vagaries of a certain Hcrr N.. a mysterious amateur 
impresario, half man. half sprite, appearing suddenly from the 
void, and leading his victim to confusion. 

'* I cannot," aaya Tchaikovsky, " form any just opinion 
upon this singular man, who remains altogether an enigma to 
mc. I am C4|ually puzzled as to his nationality— he calle<l him- 
aolf Russian, but H|>oke tin- language atnx-ioiisly — his |H>silion in 
the wrirltl, :iti(l more i-siM-cially as to the motive which gui(le<l his 
■l» nic, now iM-rM-cuting me with hostile procetnl- 
■I'-ring me the most valuable «cr»ice. In any 
• . • . I must a<-knowlislge tlut it was entirely due to his initia- 
ti.' that I owed my invitations to I>>ip7.ig, Prajjuo, and 
< ■.[•.■iih.igeil. . . . The concert at Dn-sden ni^ver came 
ofl. irj ••msMinence of Herr X.'a strange and unpractical 
uianagrMiM-nt. Nor was it my luck to make the A'ienneso 
.-■•'>|ii:iini<-<l with my mnsii-, Is-^'anse the day llxe<l for the 
colli irt ill N'ienna was identical with the date on which I had 
to be iu Paris." 



Comlaatant Polltloa. 

An Isiiioiiit'iKiN TO KNnUKH PoLlTlfs. by ,Tohii M. 
KolM'rIson (tirunt Ui<-har«ls, UK. (kl.), is |H>rva(le(l by a spirit 
which is iKit so much critical as combative. The writer neatly 
defines |H>litics us the strife of wills, sympathies, and iiitei-ests 
for adjustment in the sphere of legislation and government. 
Travelling ra|)idly over the course of history he sketclu>s the 
general results of this changeful pro(?css in (Srewe, Home, 
Italy, Holland, Switzerland, aiul Portugal, by way of introduction 
to the story of Knglish political struggles, whi<-h he intends to 
emliody in a series of liiogrHphii-al studies dealing with eminent 
Knglish statesmen. The iKxik shows wide and diligent reading, 
and is, on the whole, interesting and suggestive. It is by no 
menus free fnmi faults, and those of more than one kind. Too 
often Mr. Koliertson, olM<dieiit to the militant instln<-t which is 
in him, goes out of his way to criticize authorities with whom 
he do«>.s not agri-e, the result, of course, being that lie mars the 
effect of his own argument. His attack on Oxford strikes us ns 
singularly injudicious. He is horrified at learning that in a 
certain Oxford <'olleg«> young men have lieen advised to read Mr. 
Kidd's " Social Kvolution " and Mr. Mallock's " So<'ial Pro- 
gress " as a preparation for writing essays on the question 
"What support d(H's Socialism receive from the Doi-triiieof 
Kvolution ?" One of these lH>oks, lie considers, is a mere plea for 
customary irrationalism in religion, the other for <-oiiimercialisfc 
conservatism in i>olitics, and Inith, lie ailds, are " paralogisms at 
that." Mr. Rolwrtson ought to know that a Ismk can no more 
lx> a paralogism than it can lx< a syllogism. " In no Continental 
or American University probably could two such books lie so 
founded on." Proljably not. For nil that we do not anticipate 
a rush to Continental and American Universities, in prj'ference 
to Balliol, as a result of this alarming disclosure. Sui'h methods, 
Mr. Kolwrtson gravely adds, " go some little way to explain the 
singular judgments on modern |)olitics disclose<l to us in some of 
the collected letters of the late Professor .lowett, so perspica- 
cious a min<l in the tU'ld of liis special scholarship." Yet Balliol 
in .lowett's time sent forth into the world a fair number of men 
who have attained more or less eminence in political life. Ono 
source of the strength of Oxfortl is that it knows how to teach 
by indirect methods as well as by direct ones. We are not con- 
cerned to defend either the " pei-spicacily " of Jowett's 
jiolitical judgnients and foii-casts, contained in his private corro- 
s))ondence, or the wisdom of those who are r<>sponsiblo for giving 
them to the world. But we must say that we ])r»'ter our recol- 
lc<'tions of his lectures on Thucydides to the wivtcliiMlly inade- 
((iiatc pages in which Mr. HolH'Hson purports to sum up and 
account for the " culture-progress " of ancient Uroece. 



Surgeon-General Sir Joseph Fayrer's Ri«;oi,li«tionh of Mt 
LiKK (BlackwfHxl, '21s.) is too long, and less interesting than one 
would have expected. The autobiographer has no sense of pro- 
]>ortioii, and has not learnt to eliminate the unessential. 
Moreover, many of tin- subjects which he treats at great length — 
the Prince of Wales' visit to India, for instance — have alrt>ady 
been tr<!atcd at suflicicnT length in other Ixioks. His diary of 
the defence of Lucknow, however, has the interest which lielongs 
to all personal reminiscences of that memorable feat of arms, 
though it is written with as little emotion as though it were an 
ofllcial r<>|>ort on hospital management. We assume that Sir 
.loseph Fayrer's riM^ollections of India are more accurate than 
his n>collectioris of his tours in Switzerland. In an account of 
one of these he sjieaks of the Oorner Ornt as " penetrating into 
the very heart of Monte Kosa," when-as a glance at a niapwoiild 
have shown him that it does nothing of the kind. 

A SpfjiiTHWOMAN IN India, by IsalK>lla Savory (Hutchinson, 
Ifls.), Is an account of the adventures of n lady who wont in for 
pig-sticking, Itear hunting, nnd tiger shooting with some success. 
There is a certain amount of mountaineering in the Iiook, and 
there are also somo verj- flue stories alMiiit snakes, elephants, 
and cro<-odlles, more particularly the story of a subaltern who 
for a wager jumped on a crwodile's back and iiiadi- it take him 
or a ride, forcing it to go quickly by prodding it in the neck 



July 14, 1900.] 



T.ITKKATURE. 



wiMi a <!ivrvinf{ fork. Still morn iiiloitisljiijt In Iho r<"|>oi-l uliich 
jMr«. Savi>ry itivcsof tliolifnor woriiori in India. Sho hIiows iiithikl 
the Mwii Saiiil) of lli<» iiiiusU^'iilli iwiiliiry is not a hiiiKniil l;nly 
lyinir oil !i sofii, Inib nii " oiiorK^'liu UmiiiN, Hadniiiitoii, fiilliiiK 
:in<l ridiiiKt .HOiiK>tliii«»H sportliiK, oroiitlon." AinonK tho vlown of 
lif« cntortniiMiil by tho iiutiveM of India tlio followinj; i- v-^- 
charactoristic :— 

Natives an' <>>iiM>«Mlin(jly practical. A sahib a<'ciil<'n(ally 
tthot a Ixiy oim day wtion h»< w.is out In tho jultKl<^ Tho imxt 
inurniii}; ho ittcnivi'tl a dopiitjit ion from lh« man's r<-lalivi>s, 
wlio hiuidod him a written dooiimorit In llio fm-m of a valuation 
of tho il('c<>ast>d"s lifo, sulicilliiK |iaymont for tho saiiic, lo 
which wax apiioiidcd a receipt for tho amount di>iuaiid<.><l. It 
ran in this form :— 



FICTION. 



To Captain F. 

To one bloody murder committed. Five rupo*"*. 

CkHiteutH reoeivtiU on the day of 18 . 

Mrs. Savory makes a ("iirious inistakc in eonfusinp Mr. Kndyard 
Kipling with his father, Mr. Lockwood Kipliii);, and er<MlltinfC 
the novelist with the deMigning of tho Liahore Law Courts — 
" great, airy, massive lmildln);;s." 

CONVEIWATIONS WITH PlUNCB BiKMAitCK (Ilarpcr, Os.) is a 
selection made by Mr. Sidney Whitman from Herr lleinrich 
von Posohl liter's vast collection of Press cuttin(;s relatiiif; lo 
the Ki-oat C!i>rman Chancellor. In virtue of his position as 
Privy Councillor In tho JfciWi.s<im( di-s Innern, with free access 
to Prus-sian ollU-i'.il records, Ilorrvoii Poschln;;<'r was presumably 
better qualilled than most people to distiiiKuish "fake" from 
autheutic rottord. Ho gives, as it were, tho seal of authoritative 
sanction to such stateiuonts as that " good mutton and brisket 
of beef wore amongst the favourite dishes of tho Prince's table," 
that ho was " very fond of lianl boiled eggs," and was onco 
" able to oat eleven at one time," and that Count .Moltke \v;uh 
" not only a groat general but also a taleiitetl inventor of new 
drinks." .\ great portion of the Ixiok is taken up with the 
(.'hancellor's sayings and doings during tho FraiieivtJeriiiaii War, 
though tliei-e is nothing to nuote, as there is nothing that was 
not already |)retty well known. Nor are many of the anecdotes 
new- though it will be a eonvenience to those who crave for 
»-ruiiibs of BIsmarcklan table talk to llnd so many of them 
collected iM-iween the covers of a single voluiiio. 

Till: J)i u. Land (Elliot St«ck, 10s. Od.) is a collwlion of 
p«x>nis iH'aring on death and the future state, compiliHl for " the 
consolation of the mourner." Tho verses are drawn from an 
immense variety of sources. Its sni'cess will depend, of cuursH', 
rather on tho UKX)d and temperament of the reader than on his 
literary taste, so that one need not perhaps regard so well- 
iiieaniiig and industrious a work In too critical a spirit. But 
Mirely that gem of religious aspiration, Tennyson's " Eve of St. 
Agnes," might have found a place. 

The Kwi-amation ok Land Kno.\f Tidal Watkrs, by 
Alexander B<^zel<>y (Crosby LiX'k\voo<l, l<)s. (Id. n.). Is a haiul- 
book for engineers, landed proprietors, and others 'intereste<l in 
such works. To a certain extent it Is foundetl on the work of 
»he late Mr. .John Wiggins, now out of print, but it is thoroughly 
well brought Into line with present kiio\vle<lge and practice, 
there are plenty of diagrams, and there is a chapter on the l.'ir:il 
aspects of reolaniation. 

Tho address delivered by Mr. Charles' Dudley Warner as 
President of the American Social Science Association last May 
has been published under the title The Kditation ok tiik 
Neoro, and forms a remarkable Indictment of the accepted 
system of Imposing the "higher e<lucation " on the negro. Mr. 
Warner, a highly competent observer, is of opinion that tho 
system has given tho negro a veneer of intelIo«'tual training for 
which he is not prepared, instead of teaching hira the thrift and 
industry aiul steadiness of character of which he Is really In 
need. 



rer th* War. 

The pnilll* on the win of Tmb Ljinv«Uliil Tii«.%»iH» 
(Sandx, <K.), e<lit«>fl liy J. Kvi-lel|;h Naoh, «< ■■• 

Mayor of Ludysmith, and will Ix- <l,'v,,i...i ,.. r. 
ill tho t4>wn. Tbn Ixiok 1*   
authon, armnKefl alphalM'i ■• .mi , irom , 

"Zack," and iiicliidiiiK Memn. Kdgar Kawcvtt. I 
Frankfort .Monn-, W. K. ^' I'ctcjf 

While. It hail not ofttMi bai' .«yt— 

of »• i|i have Im-jmi bj 

of a >U, and the vul 

by collis'lors in the tliiMi (•> vnm-, 
who wishes to coillribiite hi- jiiite 
copy with eonndenet* that Ih 

.\ll the contributor- li.i\<' - ., , .. .. _, _ 

not dmw invidious ik, or •uggrvt ttuit Miy one at Ihra 

has doiH- Iwtter tli.iii im* ..lii- -. 

AfMoan NIshta. 

MoriM-co nnd tho West i .. 
colour for Mr. .\. .1. DawsHin's An 

(Heineinann, (Is.)— a collection > luucli muru 

than avi'rage merit. They ««• es ' » man wko 

knows his subje<'t, and -T 

skill, and sometimes wii r 

swms real in them. W' 
and are iiersnadtnl that ' . 
and we shall watch tho fate of this liook ^> 

whether or not it will support its p , ..... 

view, proclaira<-<l iu our columns, that the sucmsu of a v 

llction In no w~ay dept-nds u|X)n the fa-shion. It ' 

success than most liooks, and it may icet it <i 

that th»' fashion is agaiiist ^' ies, ami thai >'jr<h 

.\friean local iMilonr has not yet ' n." 

A " Paulllaton." 

Siii.i I II SiiK IIavk SroKr?* ? by K««h«»r Miliar (Ward. Lock, 
:is. t^d.), is a story which we f -o whet tlM 

app<'tit<»« of the re.aders <i 'if lew tJiey 

Would go on buying that laper uii' ';o had 

really murder*")! .Iiilian fn-sswi-ll's .( th<' 

Khone IJ lacier Hotel. Kveli If tht-y •! 
not ilinicult to do, there still ri'mi'"'"' 
ih<re«l her, anil the unravetliiig of 
skill of which nothing Is w^!ite«l m ir 
W«> are not nuite clear who ought er 
If liertha, whom .Inlian had u 
not siKiken as she did at his - 
had no story to tell ; and on • 
the titli' refers to B<'rtha, w> 
anirm tluit "he •-ertalnly should haw spokro. 

A Rallcloua Noval. 

It is no new thing to write a novel dealing with relifioa, 
but to carry out the intention with so .•.luinliti' am! raiidM an 
air as does Mr. .Tohn Soaiie in Tin 

stable, Rs.) is at least unusual. The , 

the interest of Mr. Edward St. John, the eam€?st hero, " wa« 
the religious history of our Western world, the solution ol 
which mlttht lead to tho practical endeavour towarda th« 



rest 1 ' 


: the spir  


prol' 


him St. 


may aid his 


- 


It is " nttont 




(« rpi 


1 .\lr. Kast " ^ 


too 1 


■n the '• teachl 



Mai4y 

* time,* 



A Story ok an K«T\vri v 
Crampton, is a M 
about sheep and 
.\rgentine K' 
more alxmt si 

The lKK>k is jnoilicrvm i\ \%ini*-(i, .um it .- 

ing about the plot or tho characters ; but ti 
is instructive. 



<tst a Utile 



I. S«. M.\. hr fir-nrrp 

■Ik 



rt 



34 



LITERATURE. 



[Julj U, 1900. 



Corresponbcnce. 

THX JLLLEQED DECAY OF FABLE WRITING. 

IXi THK EOIIOK. 

sir, — ^Mr. Story will m>t think iih> iiiiapi>n>i-iii(ivi' of liis 

gMOeflll artirlo in your i-.-<ue of July 7 if I <lixa(;n><> with him 

wkere ke Mys " tho fahio . . . »wm» now-aduvs in l><- r|iiiti> 

dwpiaMl." 

Thi» kind of Bioral Kiirliil d<H><« not ronitily |kiii .■<!. ;■• iiso 
a vulgar phraar — to Imok-fonn, and I huve in my mind's pyo a 
book of aodcm falil<*s, by n living writer, the fljriiro of which is 
ao sliu that it mij^ht eaiily <'«to:i|>o imtii-o if Mimlwioliod lH>t\vttMi 
good editions of .1iM<|i and I^ Koiitiiini-. 

The author to whom I refer shall iHit b«> nnnipd in this plaeo 
lr<t I stand ac-ciiMHl of l<>j;-rollitig, but I nill cite two examples 
of hi» «^rk : — 

Olilivion. 
" We write l>eautiful things that men may forgot thorn," 
quoth a poet. 

"Yet "•"■ i-:.~-.w ,...,.,,1 ..f .1 .,..•/•• ,,„rtt|, aiiotlici. 

And again : 

i »<■«•<•! . 

A wine man looked at tli<- world and langliiHl. 
And an altruist offertnl him reproof, saying " Tlierv is 
occasion for tears, one would think ! " 

*' Tears of blood are not to be compasse*! by all of us," 
answered the wise man. 

It will bo obvious that I like my key to lie D major, as 
Beethoven would have said, and to some a lighter manner wen? 
preferable. SutBce it to say that luy fal>iilist has an intellect mil 
joco-tity of style quite his own, but I surrender to the pleasure 
of r|it<<tlng my [x.'t iiieoes. 

Faithfully yours, 
^ W. H. CHKSSOX. 

GRAMMAR v. IDIOM. 

TO THE EDITOR. 

Sir. — To ray mind the phrase on which I challen!;i-il .Mr. 
House simply means " it is not good to have too many Ciesars." 
The distinction l>etwe»Mi this Kontcnce and " too many Ciosars 
are not good " is a distinction without a difference. If Mr. 
Kouse's general contention Im sound, I cannot understand how 
an author of such high n-putc as Sir Thomas More could have 
written "gold and silver arc no i)art of ourselves." But if I 
can support myself by a r|iiotation from More, I can also support 
Mr. Bouse — " Yet thereof is no wonts m.ide at all " ; for tbeMS 
old author* lack one quality needful to make them good wit- 
nesses on his bctuklf — the quality, namely, of consistency. 

They tl- -ffcr nngrammatical to grammatical forms, but use 

twth 1 ';:itely. I heartily agree with Mr. House In 

ri^rettiii^ tliat many of the words thoy eniployod have dropiKHl 
out at use : hut I cannot admit that a trno fe<>ling for the 
tueaning of  i in their ungi ' arrange- 

ment, lu I I proM', Mr. 1;. 'j;tliz<>son 

 single particular qurxed Iruni .> i' i '|x'r. 1 could have given 
hiui a dozen such slii>-sh<Ml n.v, -|. i|,<t phra.ses : with which, 
however, I think bo would have failed to prove tliat authors like 
Arnold, Kuskin, Mill, and many more I eould UMMition were 
unable to write their own language with clearuesii and vigour. 
Ill the matter of poet rj-, his allusion to Herricks " Cheat of 
Cupid " strike* me as pe<-uliarly unhappy. If Mr. House's critii- 
'■■<" I to the bad rhyme while iloing jnsticH) to the 

g- !•« of the |ioet his |x»sitir.n wfMild Ik- |>erfi«ctly 

r » a»oitiil»!«? ; but to deny the |*o<-t's H' 'm> of the fals<> 

rbyMe would b»i as nnr<>n»onable as |. i nat it was due 

to the fatoe rhyme. In fact, the critio would, in this ease, be in 
much tlM suDe position as Mr. Kouse himself. Mr. House says 
that rao«l«rB vene is " (tolishcd up U) the extreme," that " falw< 
•«fitijnenl or triviality may pa«». but an inexact rhyme never." 
The " LotQ»-caten " in which " memory " is made to rhyme 



with " infancy " (Wsses very well ; so does " In Meinoriam " in 
s|»ite of " curse " and " horse " ; whiU>, for ruggi^d metre, I 
will pit Browning againvt any old poet. I tliiuk, oit the 
other hand, there would be some difficulty in llinling, within the 
whole rtinge of flnglish |K>etry, niois- |M>lislied versj' than is to 
lie found in, lot us say, Ben Joiu»ou's " Hymn to Diana," or th»» 
song which is sung to the |H>isoned Kmperor in Beaumont and 
Fletcher's " Vulentinian." Polish and ruggedness, goo<l rhymes 
and liad. false sentiment and triu>, are incident to every ago : 
and in dividing our own age from » former one, Mr. House, 
treating of |)oetry. has used, for his differentia, pro|ierties which 
are connuou to both. Again, wlieti ho reasons from the propoiii- 
tion that I am ready to .sacriflee vigour of thought and expression 
to mere corn^ctness, I can only say, in ivply, that if he will 
grant to uk- this .same privilege of assuming false preiuisses from 
which to dediwe conclusions suitable lor my own argument I 
will undertake to prove anything. 

I yield to no one in my admiration for our old English 
classics.- At the s;iine tin>e, I still fail to •ih- that great writers 
(whether old or modern) are great iK-eausi? of their faults rather 
tluin in spite of them, even as I fail to s«^e that the force of Mr. 
House's reasoiilii',' u enhanced by the fact of its lieing logically 
unstiniid. 

Yours faithfully. 

\VII,1.I.\.\I t'AIHNS. 

I-iist Putney. S.W.. .lulv S>tli, HKxi. 



AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS. 



It scarcely looks as if tlie exiieriment of si\|)eiiiiy liooks was 
unsuccessful. Seeing how long a time it took to bring the pub- 
lisheis down from 31s. (kl. to 6s., the unlooke<l-for descent to (Wl. 
»e»«nied too precipitate to be likely to l>e |N>rmnnent. \'et tho 
sixiK-nny edition increases and multiplies. Last week we had a 

sixix y "School for Saints " (L'nwiii) : this \ve<'k we have a »ix- 

IMMiny " Aylwin " (Hurst and Blnckelt). uiul next wi>ek we are to 
have a six|H'nny "Tessof the DTrbervilles" (ll:ir|(ers), while Mr. 
Heineiiianii is giving iis Stephen Crane's " Re<l Badge of Courage." 
We now have in this form not only the iincopyright classic, not only 
the new and untried book, which might try cheapness as a means 
to success, but books both copyright and successful, of which the 
alxiveaffordexcolleiitexamples. Perhaps the most interesting thing 
is the Ripidity with which the successful novel published at six 
shillings is l)eing followed by the six|)enny reprint. Mr. Egertoii 
Castle's "Young April" was only published last year, yet 
Messrs. Macmillan are alxiut to include it in their sixiienny 
series. " .\ylwin," in its new form, will contain a portrait of tho 
author and some intro<luotory remarks ii|Hin Siiifl Lovell and 
other characters of the story. It will 1m< interesting to see how 
the sixpenny public takes to Mr. Hardy : the piiWIishers have 
limited theetlition to 50,000 copies. It was Mr. Hnrtly's "Far 
From the Madding Crowd," it may l>o rememlieriHl, with which 
Messrs. Harper started their half-crown series last autumn. 
KxperieiK-ed observers in tlie tnide have arguetl that tlio 
iiHHiern " bixim " is apt to loso in length what it has gained 
in breadth, and that a iMiok which is a great success one seaaoit 
is desid iK'yoml r' "i the next. Can this Ih) the explana- 
tion of tlK>sc il> >nately (rheap editions of copyright. 
lKM>ks so re4-ently in large demand ';' At all events, it was a 
happy thought to prejiare the way lor " HoIk'i-i Orange " with 
so cheap a reprint of " Tho Sehiml for Saints," sincH) some 
readers probably of the earlier ljo<jk have memories tliat need 
refreshing. Messrs. White and Co. have joined tho sixpenny 
publishers this season with a copyright si>ries, which so far has 
gone well. TliriMi of the IxKiks in the series are already out of 
print — "The Induna's Wife," by Bertram Mitford ; " A Valuable 
Life," by .\deliiie .Sergeant ; and "The Busliraiigi-r's Sweetheart," 
by Hume Xisbet. 

Tlie list of twenty-five volumes which Messrs. Mncmillan 
pledged themselves to bring out in their now Library of Rnglisli 



July I t, igon"! 



T TTi'ij^rrHf 



S5 



I 



l'l:issit'ii t* li«;iniiK f<irii|ili'ti(>ii, l>ut wi- uiidfril^iiiJ tli.il i!ii 
(iiililishprH liiivx not yi'l ilcriiliHl wIh'IIiit tlii>y uiti i>x(<-iiil tint 
wrioH or not. Tin- voliiiiics iiro ho IiuikIsoiiio niul 1ih»X|mmihIvi>, 
and tho tcxtx ko cntn|il<-t« iinil nccnrito, tliiit il ur>iili| Iw n pity 
to Ift tho sei-irs drop. TIiIh nionlirH voIiiiid-h uri' " M:iii(ti>v!llo'n 
TruvoJs " anil Wlilt<''H " .SollHirno," tlir rciuiiliiini; uorlCH U> Im( 
included In tliu llhrury lM-<inK Witllon'N " Lives " und " Coin- 
plotc AnKli'i* " in ono volnino ; tlio r>o Qninri<y voliiini*, anil 
Lockhnrfs " LIfn ot Hi-ott.'Mn nvi> volnMn>H. Tlii>ti-xt of M.inili>- 
villo'H Ih tliut of tliii Cotton nmnuHi-rlpti now for tlii> ni>t tiino 
printi-d in itji rntirrty. Tlio " il1iLstrativi> nurnitiviw from 
Hiikluyt," wliieli iiro priiitiHl ah ii siippli<nii>iil, aro IIiom* of 
Carpini, rinliruk, mid Odoric, Tlir ni'W edition of " HollHirnc " 
is ri<prlnt4'd it is lii'licved for llii' llrst tiini- from tlii< ti'Xt of 
tlio tirst (.nlition without diminution or " additional notes," 



Wo nn< promiHed hu English Temion of tlii> Momoir^i of 
Mudnniu Lonixo Michel, tho well-known Fivnch iinci»li!il, who, 
It is said, was ronvertiil from a crnHailit in KnKlund hy the 
sijiht of our Kn^lish workhonst's nnd tho homely efforts of the 
Knfclish poor law. This, it is true, did not tuitiHfy the tHH-iulikin 
of Dickeus II Ki'>i<^'i">'>"U buck. But the novelist huv to draw u 
diflfcrcnt picture now of workhouse life, and Mr. I'ell Kid^te 
does it in the " Son of the Stale " which wc n-viewed on 
August 2(1, 181K), when it ap|H-are<l in Messrs. Metlinen's Six- 
|M>iiiiy Novelist S<'ries, and which is now, we notice, published liy 
the same house at lis. (id. Stepniak, Prince Kro|H>lkiu, anil 
Madame Louise Michel will help the historian of the futui-e to 
write a dilticult chapter of modern history, that of uiideri;nniiul 
Kui-o|H', which ha.s rarely onu-rRed into public view, an if did at 
the tinio of the career of tho Paris Commune. About that 
omergenco AfaiUimo Louisu) Michel has much to tell at first hand. 



S|)eakinK at tho Carlyle celobralion in DocemlK>r, 180."). Mr. 
.loliii Morley veiiliii-ed to doiilit whether .iny one now living had 
ivad the whole of " Kr<>derick the (Jreat." Some of his hearei-s, 
iiulood, appeared astounded at this expression of scepticism, but 
the mans of the public who care anything alioiit literatnn> totiK 
asto came to the conclusion that the work is far t<x) bijf. As 
origiually Issued it >vas contained in six l»ix«> volumes (the Oi-^i 
IWQ of which appi-ared almost exactly forty-two years aK"). and 
in clieapor form it has run into ten. Now It is being cmupressa-d 
into three, each costinj; half-a-erown, and it will lie iiileresliii:; 
to note whether the piililiir will take mon- enthusiastically to it 
as a whole when it looks smaller und costs less. " Kn-di-rick " 
cosf the author a multitude of troubles ; and Mrs. «':ip|yl<-. in 
one of her moods of ih-jection. termed it "that tn-in. .k 

(which] made pi\)U)n};ed and ent ire devastation of an\ ry 

semblance of home life or home happiness." But it was remark- 
ably successful, pecuniarily and otherwise, and probably no 
sresiter compliment could have lK>en paid to its accuracy than 
tho fact that tierman military students wiere set to study 
Frederick's battles in the pages of Carlylo's work. 



Ill the preface to his edition of the " Letters ol Samuel 
Johnson " Dr. BirklM-ck Hill spoke of the ho|H' he enlerlained 
that he should live to complete the main work of his life as a 
scholar by a new edilion ol the " Lives of the Poets." He was 
turned away from his purpose for the time by a letter from Mr. 
Leslie Stephen askiii}; him to iilit all tho.st> writings which have 
lK>en included under the general title of " .lohnsoniana." The 
task pi-oposed, Dr. Hill has told us, seemed pleasant in itself, 
and oven it it had been irksome lie would have hi»<italeil much 
iKjfore ho declined a ref|iK>st coming from a man to whom every- 
student of our country was so deeply indebted. The accomplish- 
ment of the work Mr. Leslie Stephen suggested was delayeil b> 
ill-health, but accomplished it was, and Dr. Hill gave us his two 
volumes of " .lohnsoniau Miscellanies " three years ago. And 
now it is satisfactory to know that life and health have l)een 
granted to him to return to his original purpose, and that his 
eilition of tho " Lives of tho Poets " which is to crown his lifc- 



nnt 



-.i»f> b-jnt. 



when (ieorve Hand wua the n. 
follow Ciuikuolo into h>"' • .....,,..„ 

HuiloNlmlt, anil It 1« i> i (o Mr. ' 

talent to »ay that hi« < mi,»ii<'mi |« not 
ten-xtins than (Scorge Sand'n. Kvelyn I 
' nor even her un<>|MM>kalile B^nii.-r-,  I 

I'm ; and Ihu mm-ihiiI hilt <>f (■'•r runxr 
siiulj »( convent life. Mr. M<.. 
reuiemltoreil, a rcalixt, with the : 
alHiut " human il<M-uiucnl*." He > - 
Celtic frieiidk, and U now, no w<^ h . 
thonuh not " a mystic," it will Iw umlerMonU 
gical iionM< at that word), who nbuts li.> ki.xhIi U. 
il tide of his convent pirtum I* k 

When Mr. Monru has flnisheil ' .".mi. iii,-,., n.- 11,^.111, i-. 
re-wrltv " Evelyn Iuuch." A piuun «i«h auy, poriuiia. bn 
vxpriKuHxl tliat the Barum' '-■ rwnouldnl iutu aamtn 

si.>mblaucv of an tCnglish C' Tbv whole work oMjr b» 

ready hy noxt spring, and will cmiUiin thrro huMlrMl I 
woiils. 

Mr. Ueineiiiaiiii is issuing a \" 

:iii,i ;i, i.---i,..ii~;i,:i;^ ^ i,.r ti,,- w ., 



" i liiiiluiiK atw 
title and 8ui>je<.'t ol 
autumn. 

The book tnide, not»vilh«tnndin!r th«« dopi 
six or eiglil nionilis. is r 
MMison. War Ixsiks com 
has put a little life into iii< 
what niixht U- ti-rmiil noi 
stopiMMl. Within the next 
have virtually enter<yl n|>iHi 1 
\'oluiU(W re. Ill \. ( till' !•. Mi 
m-si-ripl i 
Di^von all' ' 

is a new \oiuiiif ul siori^** tiy 
enigmatic titl<> of " TI 
Melhiien's M'ries of L 
Oxford. 4*:kiid>riili;c. ami 



(no of III* l««4 



Mr. Henry Jaiiii'^t. 

S..fl Siile." 'At»..if M,. 



• V Ml"-! Tp_>utl>' ck. 



Intel' 
priv.i-. 
on till' 

lilsiiti-x 



I of aboni 



I 



Housti of 

of the aiii . 
i giH-s back to 
id," who had 
was ilist'ltargiMl by the Lord 

" A Keview of Irish 

I ''lit of Irelanil," 

l>v Mr. Kisher 



Mii,\<>r ol i 
History in 
l.y .l..hii I' 

I'liwiii. 'r 



<h- Rrn^al 



c\pl,iili 1 
coiisiih-r- 



Another b<M>k which Mr. 

<-lllir l.'.J " Mv \ It. I'.lr.. .in ' I, 



iiMip i* 

;.,( ,. .1.'. 



writes the in. 

einl>r;iri' the v 



.Ml-:,-is. M 

rights in his il 



,. . . . 1 
•p eoiiB<l«"nc«« 



liui 



well 



III Ikl'ltK 



A .-. 



ou 



LITERATURE. 



[July 14, 1900. 



Another 1' to th«> forihi'.iiiiiiiK I'l^-iidotiti;!] 

Election in Aui< .iil>l!slii<«l liy M<'^sr>.. Hiir|M>r :iiiil 

BratlH>r«. It is i-^llttl ■• ihir Prr>ii«U'iHs aiul Hmv \Vi> .Makr 
Th««," au«l i« hy <'.>l<Ki<>| A. K. MrChin-. It ooiitiiiiis iiii 



ii: 



M. 



ft^r tin- AiniTii'itii 
178U, til in II to the 



t»" 



:i |.>-.»i. 

iiic«> that 



tlio first two volniiM»s of 

■:ir in the niitiimii, a mtm's 

\^ • - :  !.■■ . .rf«Ts (if •• proiiiiiioiit iiicii 

:r M.luMU'- tli.iii ortlliiary fume in tlu- 

V life." '• T\«'lv<> (Jr»>at Aotors " and " Twolvo 

<■ " I>v Mr. Ktlwanl Koliins, author of" Kolioos 

<'f tin- the llrst two roliinies. 

T' !i<>d ill ihf Ciiitod Statos thJH autumn a 

ti: - Hoiii<>»i of (irt>at Britain '" — " llaby," 

1'; iikI ; " (i|<xl(la«-tli," by Miss (.'onstaiict- 

Suulillc ; •• i;iaan>," bv Ladv (iluiniK ; " Knolo," bv l>ii-(l 
Saokvillo ; •• Bli.-klinjr." by Ror. A. H. Malan ; " Kufford 
Abbey," by LortI Savilo ; " t'onipton Wyiiyatos," by Miss 
Alice Dryden ; and s«'voral olhei-s. A liinitiKl (Hiition of tlic llrst 
sr- •■ ' ,h was publisluMl in the L'liitcHl States last year, will 
b' ' oat in London by Messrs. Putnam in the early 

ai. 

A vohiine by Mr. W. L. Mauson treating of the bagpipe in 
its relations to Seoi'i^ti :iinl Higlilanil life is at pn-sent in the 
prens, and will be by Mr. Alexander (Jai-dner, of 

Puisley. Like a tn - Mr. Manson declines to aecept the 

theory that the bagpiix- «-as inijiorted in to .Scot land from abroad. 
He holds th;ii thi- instrninent was evolve<l, from a rude stjile to 
i'- II, within the Highlands. The volume will 

<■ u> various pipe tunes, and is to be of a 

" |j<'pular ' chaiai-ter. 

The Arm of Bruckmann in Munich has published a very useful 

on the different methcxis of art reproduction ; the 

- one of the first positions in the whole world for the 

of its illnstrat<>d work. The title of the publication 

• xlerne Werkstatte fiir Buchgewerbe und graphischc 

ion." 

Pr«'lK'ndary Harry Jones is aboat to issue a volume of 
addresses on current topics entitled " The Tides of To-day." 
Mr. Elliot Stock will be the publisher. 

Fiction. — A good list of new novels for the auliinin haslH>en 
prepare«l by Messrs. Maomillan. It includes " Hichard Yea and 
" I' It ; "In the Palace of the King," by F. 

ii'rii Broods," by Charlotte M. Yonge ; 
I II... . ...> iiolf Boldrewmxl ; " Foes in Law," by 

); 'i.li'on ; "Rue with a Difference," by liosa N. 
.1 ,.w v.,)m.u..v l.y Winston Chnrchill and Egerton 



Mr. William Piulley Foulke, the author of " Slav or 
Kaxon," has alMindoiiiHl ivonomic <|U<>stions for historical romance 
ill a new iHxik which the Piitiiaiiis have in haiirl. It is a story 
of the mysterious ruins of Yucatan in Central America, the 
heroine. Princess Maya, iH'iiig the last of the kingly line which 
built the now cnuiibling palaces. Another aiiiiouncemcnt in 
Messrs. Putnam's new list is to the eff»)ct that " Love Letters 
of a Musician," by Myrtle Heed (now in a third edition) is to 
l>e follovv«»d by a volume of " Later Love Letters," with musical 
<! notations to suit the sentiment of the corres|)oiidenci'. 

Mr. Paul Li'icester Ford will Ix- n'|>reseiil«'d in the autumn 
by a new story eiititle«l " WantiKi, A Watchmaker." 

Tolstoi is siiid to Ih^ engaged on a new iKxik entitletl " A 
New Kind of Slavery," dealing with the wretched lives of the 
railway employes. 

A new sixpenny illustnttod weekly, entirely devoted to the 

great business of Miwlern Travel and Touring for Health and 
Pleasuiv, is announced by George Newnes, Limited. It is to Ihj 
calle<l The, TmfeHi-r with the sub-titlo " For Whom the 
Worbl is a Playground." 

Yet another Clerical Directory is to come into existence in 
the winter — viz., " The Church Dir»>ct«ry anil Almanack," to be 
published from 21, B<>rners-st reel, Oxford-street, W. Bi^sides the 
cnstomar.v lists it wll contain a variety of information (including 
a series of lioiiiiletical hints), and will !» published at '2s. net. 



I 
I: 
r 
i' 






HI. ..i . 
Carey 
Castb . 



Book* to look out top at onoo. 

POLITICAL HISTOKV — 

' A History of Political I'arties in the United 8tat«8. " By Jamea H. 

Hopkins. I'utnnms. 10s. Oil. 
' World I'olitics at th<' End of the Nineteentb Century." By Professor 
Puiil S. Kcinsch. .Macinillan. 9s. 
ART— 

'The Ropresontative Significance of Fonii." By Professor George L. 
Ksymond. Putnams. 9s. 
KICTIOX — 

• Thi- Descent of the Ducboss.'' B.v Morlcy Hoocims. Snnds. Ss. 6d. 
' The Shield of His Honor." By Itichard Henry Savaiji'. White. 6s. 
' For Britain's Soldiers " (in aid of the War Kiinds). Methuen. Cs. 

' 'rbe Soft Side." By Hi-nry James. Methuen. 6r. 
' The Crimson Cryptogram.'" By Fergus Hume, John Long. Ss. 6d. 
nr.rRiNTS — 

 Voving April." By Egerton Castle. Macraillan. 6d. 

' 'less of tne D'tirix'rriTles. " By 'I'honms Hardy. Harper. (5d. 

 .Vylwin." By Thfodore WBtts-Dunton. Hurst and Blackett. 6d. 

• Ked Badge of Courage." By Stephen Crane. Hcincmann. 6d. 

KOfS — 

of I'o-day." By Prebendary Harry Jones. Elliot Stock. 
-'■T Ablwy." By Miss Troiitberk. Methuen. 3s. and 3s. 6d. n. 

• Uiii tmuor : A Descriptivf and Historical Sketch. ' ' By the Rer, 8. 

Baring Gould. Uethueii. 6s. 
' Stable Management and Exercise." By Captain M. Horace Hay ci. 
Hurst and HIackett. 12i. net. 



LIST OF NEW BOOKS AND REPRINTS. 



Rionn APHv 



' -I!, oi Hcrcfoni. e 
^•or>le You K"-^ 

, .i\ \\ ..!,,■ 

V ^ -'y.t.JI 

Urvitol. .\rruwMiiiili. 

DRAMA. 



u.. I.I rciil'**, 

Wunri.r Allirrl. 

H.kIh Itr. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

Etuda* Bup I'Anttqult^ 

Or*cque. fi-/rir ir,  - 



i.. ' // . 
I 
Bob«>rt Or 



Tho "^btpoi 

llnrr. h 

Th« Mapri' 

JoSn Utr 



BonoD. 



On Allen Shores. By ArsViV 
Krith. n^ .iiTi, .'Mli pp. 

Mur^t A; Klackm. (>.. 
Th» OatOBofTemptn't^n "■ 
.1. .S. nnitlfhi: 
I' 
Ail Unotuiny OIpI. 1... ..... ./. 

.Sndlir. TJx..'>in., '.aoi pp. 

firet-nfnK. --. 0*1. 
TheAutobloflTPaphyora Char- 
woman. Ity A/inii U'lilii iiiiiti. 

X  '.III.. ;*":! tip. .M.'lr.jiu-rli, 

The Monk and tha Dancer. Kv 

A. S. Smilh. 8>..'iill.. -.'lO pp. 

|i>>vvn">. :i-. M. 
Li — «„-.-„ H- V-- .I."'- '■-■ 



HISI ' 
A History etc I /'r.,(. 

J. II. Hiirl. 7. 

Ancient Britain 

.Mrnlorn .\nMiii'<il. ... 

Hy Alir l>rl Mar. U  lim., lUi pp. 

N. « V..rk. 

< .inibrldgn Knrjrclopavlla Co. 

LITERARY. 
Pascal, 'I,'' lintnd" T.rHrMn" 



MILITAHV. 
Voluntoor Soldiers. By fajil. 

M. II. Iliiti. ...1 K.l. 7 • .'.In.. I»pp. 

Kr|{(in Paul, 

MISCELLANEOtJS. 
Sovsa Oai"' •-. 



The Enfllsh Dialect Diction- 
ary. Kd. bv l>r. Joseph H'rii/ht. 
Vol. II. II. (i. lixUJin.. 7;ipp. 

Frowd*.. 

Index to Periodicals of 1899. 
lu  xin.. it.) pp. 
•• l:e\ icw of It'Viiw- •• I Kll.o. 10«. 

Notes on a Century ol Typo- 
graphy at the UnlvDrslty 
Press. i:i  loin,. i:l' :  .. . ' 
Thf I'ni' 

How to ReKaIn Hi I 

Uve 100 'Years. !>.> 
Hill It. Triinslalid from tbo 
Italian of I/owU Cornani. llxSln.. 
II i.p. Iturl'-igh. Is. 

The Human Frame and the 
L.aW8 of Health. 'T.niple 
I'nni. r-.l I' '  " * ' 

Srirr. ! 

(ii-rioait t. 
140 pp. 11. ru. 

PHILOSOPHY. 
Ppobl^mes de Phllosophle 
Positive. Hy Huilltmm' ilc 

lirti I. 7; l.iti.. li;!i pp. 

Srhll^irhtT. 

POETRY. 
Translations nnrt othor 

V. rses. Hy ' 

nojip. 
Uu I'Aube au Soil'. 

Urnutnt. 7i>.(liu., 1^ pp. i'ltri-, 

n«>'. Lemerro. Kr.3. 

POT TTTr AL. 
Ljt Deml-I'. 'le. Note.< et 

)('-ncxio!i' I'olltlguede 

la Krani;c. liy (. . i^ouzon U I}ur, 
;ix«|ln.. Jllpp. I'lon. Kr.a.io. 



REPRINTS. 
Byron's Works. Vol. I V. Letters 
and .lournaK. Kd. by Ii. E. 
I 'rot litrv. 8 .> aj i n . . M> pp. 

ifurray. Ii«. 

Lavenrro. By Ocoruc Borrotr. 

Sx4Jn..«iM pp. NViinl, Lock. 2m. 

SCIENCE. 
Examen Psychologlque des 
Anlmaux. Hy I'irrrr llarhtl- 

.Sijuiilil. 7i • IJln., lliopp. 

.Sclill'icliiT. 

Text-Book or Zoologry. I'arl I. 

M.iniln.'il-. Hy Ottn Hchmril. 

"''  I I ho (iermnii by 

1. by .1. Cunning- 

• pp. 

\- ,V < '. HIaik. .-!-. (Ul. 

Ycni'-nook of the Sclontlllc 

iiiul Leiirned Societies of 

Great Britain and Ireland. 

".t- jjin.. JsOpp. (Jriniii. ;~. (ill. 

SOCIOLOGY. 
America's Working' People. 

Hy C. II. Spolir. H . .lin.. i."il pi). 

I/iMKnialib. h-<. n. 

The Distribution of Wealth. 

Hy J. II. ( 'lurk. !)> (iin.. HI ])p. 

I'll!' Mm inillan ( u. !■.'■<. ii. 

La Femme Cathollque et la 

DAmocratle Pranfalse. Hy 

the I'l'romf f »«« Adtunuir. *ix4)in., 

317 pp. Perrin. Kr.3.ari. 

TRAVEL. 
Scrambles In the Eastern 
Oralans. (I«7« IS(7.) Hy Ucorw 
fcid. tkn6la.,/!iv\f. 

Cnwiu. 7s. 6d. 



itcratuic 



Published bv JLbC ^imcd. 



No. 144. SATURDAY. J1L\ Ji I -■ 

CONTENTS. 

NoTEH OF THE Day 37, 38. 'K, 10 

Pkbsonal Views— Ibsen as IdealUt, by Prof. C. H. 

Herford 40 

FnnKidN LETTEn—Frnnce 41 

A MOKKIIN HlHI.IIMIKAPHY OP CHINA 43 

Kkcknt Excavations in Crete II 

The Dkama, by A. B. Wnlkl.v II 
Reviewh— 

Tho Campnign of ISl.") 45 

A History of Simskrit Literature 40 

HIdn I.IkIXx no l>i'' Virion nt Trrrtir Wi-mIi-v iiiul MntKrwHan. 

LuUicr and Ih- ' 

Hiilc <if I'uri! 

Middli- Aboh \ :i :..^: ;: ^ ... 

liiiUiiiiK T'luc<s>- liuiilu to Alauuli<iBU>r— V'uluiiloer HoldicrK — 

IIimiltKHik nf .Iiiiiinini 47 4f) 4J( 

fiUlucAt ioiijil BoolcH , ^P ryi 

Hobert ()r»n«;r Kor KriUin'K Holdierw — Tbo Chovkller of tho' 

Spltiiidid Cn--)! Blni-k Hi-iirt .-ind \Vh((r Hcnrt Tho f'hl.nnir.i, 

Slono- Ki "'. "■  Tj  - 

Thi! lYi 

Thiiiic ' 

LooiH' — In liKli' I'laio^ .Mr. liojtun il) 51 

LllllWKY N0TK8 52 

authokk ani> pfblisheiw 52,53.51 

List op New Books and Reprints m 



NOTES OF THE DAY. 



til. 



We publish elsewhere a hlhlioKraphy of moclern l)ook.s bear- 
ing oil China which are now available. The crisis bidii fair to 
prodiico almost as inauy books as difl the outbreak of «-Br in 
South Africa. Messrs. Sampson Low, who have just IhsuihI 
their work on " Knroix-an Settlements in the Far Kast " announce 
" China and tho Present Crisis," by Mr. Joseph Walton, the 
Litieral memlwr for South Leeds, who recently retnm«l from an 
eight montlis' journey in the extreme East. Though there has 
never been anything to compare with the Poking massacre, 
history has been repeating itself with strange fidelity in tho 
present crisis. This has inducMl Mr. Murray to annoanco a 
reisstie of the late Lortl Loch's " Personal Narrative of Occnr- 
rences during Lor<l Elgin's Second Embas.sy to China in 18W) " 
(which has been long out of print), and tho book will be ready 
before the end of the month. 

« « * • 

Lord Loch (then Mr. Loch) was attached to tho 
headquarters of the army engaged in China daring tho 
war in 1860, and shared with Mr. (afte^^•ards Sir Harrj-) Parkes 
tho perilous duty of negotiating tho surrender of the Taku 
Forts to the combined French and British forces. During tho 
subsequent march on Peking from Tien-tsin, Loch and Parkes, 
with a party of Sikhs and a few Europeans (including Mr. 
Bowlby, The Tinten corresixmdent). were treacherously captured 
by the Chinese and brutally maltreated in Peking. Loch and 
Parkes wore tho sole survivors, and in his book the former 
gives a vivid account of his experiences. Lord Wolscley 
(theii Lieutenant-Colonel), who accompanied the expedition, also 
wrote a book about tho war. which is now out of print, but we 
luiderstand that there is no present intention of reissuing it. 

Vol. ml No. 3. 



that 

pp.-.- • . ... 

of I'lu' I'uiu, 



1>. 




>i ! ; titi 1. 1. >« .'I. I 

irnKto t»U> n( anotk<«r ct m i— p 

y^ - •». the brilliant AiMtrmlUa )>a 

whoHO telegranw from iVkiiig r»|M<«l<Mlly arrlvnl alHad i4 i 

III' The nunilMT of 

hn  it the |iint of duty witkia 

pmhably niipr(<e<><lent«><i. hut tint aloe* lb« daatk of Mr. 

at I.!idyiiinith has sued n wrioaa gap baaa ■Mcb' "nC i 

of Kriti«h journalisti. Dr. Motriaoa'a lUa w.. rttmmmam 

and adventure, lie was soithlng of • tmroUer •▼«■ to Mi 

student days at Melbonme. and «nM haraly of asa friHS. I 

voyaiires to the South Soa Islands and New Guinea, 

his famous journey, nn foot and uii.-i- \» Dm Aoslralian 

continent. Then ho went again to ^ .noa and aanowly 

esoapeit death from a spear woand In hl« side. After takiar 

his M.B. at Edinburgh in IffiT. he vUltcd J:i' .Ml 

Moroi'co (where he played the jiort of Court pli n^ 

to Australia, and allowed another wandering (it tn take him or«>r- 

land across China to Bnmui. In Chlnow drt*w and pigtail, boi 

alone, unarmed, and knowinc very little of the iangiufftt. TtM< 

sequels to this retii m 

tn China," and li .i 

The Time*. 

• • * ' 

Major Pond has, nxi understand, socuntl .M ....to 

S|)eneer Churchill to deliver a scrie* of lartun;<t this aatoain la 
the L'nl^' It is said that .M ' ' I pmpOMo* (o ask 

the Ann nston Churehill !■. •> tlia Icrtarer oa 

his first ap|M<araiice, which will pmlwbly be in N«w York. 

• • • • 

At a uMMaent when half I^ndno is oomaltinc tfana-tabl** 
and the other half in wmhiag it eoald dn mi, thnre coaMs (ram 
Messrs. ^■ 
on a pen. 

publication thai lora it h 

though one must n-.. ...... . ihat the 

already produced somcthiogof the kin 

Tho TniKellt'f merits a » 

number there is just a sugc 

boat circular. The photographs are re| 

worthy of the hL" 

those smudgy araiu. 

too often illustrated — and other rvsorta beside* the obrfama oamt 

are dealt witli. 

•  • • 

We trust, however, that the editor will see his • 

expand hLs scheme. There arc, at loa.si. twn ways in wbi 

might do so. In the llrst place, ho wonld interoat many of as if 
he would c<>' tnd pictares) about the f<>v 

remaining di^ coaceraini; which even et- 

perienced travellers are, as a mle. Ignorant. The OoTonwe*. 
tho Sierra Nevada, the Cantabrlan Highlands are regions nnn 
would recommend to his attention. There is much that U now 
to be said about them, whereas there is little that is new - 
said alMut Ober-Anuuergan and Ais-les-Baina. 




LITERATURE. 



[July 21, 1900. 



It wx^ii . ill a publtoitiloii of (lits kliul, to fliul 

popular ar. . »i(h lit(>niry, artiMtlo, niid liistoiiftil 

aaaociations. There is an attojnpt in this dir(H>tion in nn nrticic 
OB Barbi«on, but it it too short to bo MtiHfactory. Ami th(<r<> 
u« nwny other " reminiscent " articles which oiiltivat<><l 
trmrellers would be glad to n>ad if they %\vr«< projierly writt«-n 
by tlMMe who know. The history of tho KnKliHli t-nloiiy nl 
BoologBe, for instaniNs should malce Rood readinfi;. Thu early 
■weata of tho tSr<>sH CliM-knor would l>e worth writing up, nx 
then la no full account of them in KukI'sH. And one could 
•aggeat as other wubjivts tbo Kepublio of Andorra ; a {mpor 
tm the Tyrol with rvfcrenco to the |ie«kHants' war ; tho Martin 
Latker country ; tho associations of Femey, of CopiK-C, of 
Ckaabi^ry. On all these subjects there is much that is interest- 
ing to be said, and a magazine devoted to tho entei-tainraent of 
trmvellera aeenu the pUee in which to say it. But every thine 
of course, cannot be got into a first nunil>cr, and the editor of tho 
Troreller »e«»ins ti Imvc ciitcr|)risi> <'iioii:j:Ii to I'iso to tho 

oeeaalon. 

    

Why is Mr. Augustine Birrell liko Lord Macauhiy ? This 
is not a conundrum, but a qnestion prompted liy tlie descrip- 
tion of Mr. Birrell by tho headmaster of tho Blacltheuth School 
for the Sons of Missionaries as " a modern Macaulay." Both, 
it is true, are or «t?ro members of Parliament, both have con- 
tributed to our literature, Iwth aro or were Liberals, and 
enthusiasm for Disestablishment is also a common possession. 
Most of these things are truo also of Mr. Gladstone and of Mr. 
John Morley. Yet the headmaster of the Blackheath Sctux)! for 
the Sons of Missionaries would hardly, one supposes, cull either 
of these " a modern Macaulay." This comparison is surely 
inept. As well might Charles Lamb bo bracketed with Gibbon, 
or any literary light-weight with any other literary heavy- 
weight. There might bo excuse for pointing ont some 
similarities between Lamb and Mr. Birrell. But l>etween 
Macaulay, the complete exponent of machine-made English, and 
Mr. Birrell, with his genial whimsies and irresponsible somer- 
saults, are not the differences too wide and deep to need 
— i..,.,j, J Tijfl headmaster was doubtless led away by tho 
II. Mr. Birrell's " Obiter Dicta " was one of his prize 
V. ' doubt, was Macaiilay's " Lays," jierhaps 

tliL i. .- , .Macaulay's books and Mr. Birrell's looked 

moch alike in red and gilt, with mottled o<lges, the headmaster 

• o his Gilbertian jest. 

• « « 

.Mr. Birrell's address to tho boys was in his familiar 
happy vein. A good deal of it was not (if wo may adopt tho 
phraseology of tho Latin grammar) so much " to or for thelxiys " 
a* " to or for " their elders. But once or twice ho " rang tho 
Ijell " as ho seldom fails to do. No doubt tho boys greatly 
relished his allusion to the " sort of stout gentleman who usod 
to come down to his school and give away the prizes. He could 
remember the contempt with which they listened to him, and 
bow gtad they were when he sat down." And Iwth lK)ys — who 
are not without nn appnviiation of irony — and elders probably 
vnjoyed his oltiter liMum that " for his part ho had never yet 
met the boy, however clever, who <'ould not learn something or 
other from his teacher." It demands an uncommon equipment to 
deliver • sDCceAsful prize distribution address. If it chances to 
be ooe's own old school, the atroosphero of awe is a serious 
haiMUcap. No Knglisbman is perfectly at his ease in the 
p re e ca ce of his old headm-isU-r. Mr. Birrell was not in this 
distrewlwg situation, and he, therefore, spoke his mind with 
freedom ; and oim is worth recording and 

with which we ar- .•, was that the reaction 

against examinativDs i* iu danger ut going too far. 



It is nn old complaint of men of letters that a (Hirtion of tho 
Civil List Pensions intended for their benollt is n'von to 
|H>rsons whose claims ou the Itoyal iK-nelli-ence by no means rest 
n|H>n lit<'riiry, scientillc, or artistic sc-rvitK's. This year they 
have not, iterhaps, so much as usual to complain of ; " other 
IK-rsons," in the shn|K> of the widows of explorers, colonial 
Kovernors, Ac, only getting CH)l out of tho A'1,'2(K). We 
should, of course, be most reluctant to deny that tho services of 
Sir llenry Barkly, Lientenant-t'olonel Kills, and Captain John 
Bisi-oo merit this kind of recognition ; but at tho same timo we 
lire strongly of opinion that the Civil List is not the fund from 
which the recom|x«iisos for such services should he ilorivod. 
Tho fund was not instituted for such purp<is<'s, niid it ought 
not to Ih> iliverteil to them on the strength of an oversight in 
I he (Irarting ol nn .\<-t of Parlinmeiit. 

» >  * 

We are indehtetl to the Diiily Srivn for nH'alling a curious I ittlo 
it<>m of Stevensonian history. It is apropos of tho sale at 
Sotheby's of the MS. of a short story written by Stevenson for 
the /'"// Mdtl Giizclti; fifteen years ago. Asked for a blood- 
curdling Christmas story lie supplied " Miirkhcim." This 
afterwards appeared elsewhere, but did not satisfy the flesh- 
creeping instincts of tho P(i/I Moll lluzette. Stevenson then 
sent " Tho Bodysnatcher," a story which, ho averred, would 
" freeze the heart of a Grenadier." It dealt with an episode of 
the Burke aiul Hare iKriod, and was jnst tho thing for a genial 
Christmas llro-side. Tho Pall MtiU (lazctte set to work to 
secure a g<x)d advertisement for the sensation of its Christmas 
iiuml)er : — • 

Six plaster skulls were made by a theatrical properly 
man. Six pairs of coffin lids, painted dead black, with white 
skulls and crossbones in the centre for relief, were supplied by 
a carpenter. Six long white surplices wore purchased from a 
funeral establishment. Six saiidwichinen wore hired at doublo 
rates. One quiet morning, when all was ready, they wore duly 
attire<l. With some difficulty they made their way up to 
I'iccadilly, along Ke^jent-stroet, down Bond-street, every- 
where attracting i)rofouiid and universal interest. The one 
subject of conversation in tho Clubs and the West-ond was 
the mysterious and appalling phenomenon which had suddenly 
appeared in tho motrop<iIis. Amongst those who had been 
startled in Bond-street was tho late Lord Londesborough, who 
took the usual course of shocke<l and angry Knglishraen — ho 
wrote to the newspapers. Tho next day every newspaper in 
the Kingdom had a description, vivid, scathing, denunciatory, 
;i<-cording to tho humour of tho writer. But the objects of 
this wrath had already been paid off. Scotland Yard and tho 
Law had stepped in. Tho " Pall Mall " phantoms wero 
certainly the most remarkable advertisements that over 
:ip|H>ared on the London streets. We wonder what Stevenson 
himself thought about, it :ill. '• The HiMlysnad'hcr " went, 
like wildfire. 
Stevenson, ;ulds the Dnilij .Vcicx, ivtuiiied part of tlio 
honorarium sent him for the story because he thought it exces- 
sive. Wo doubt whether such a proceeding is, as our con- 
temporary suggest*, unheani of in the history of letters ; but it 
is certainly exceptional. ,^ 

» •  ♦• 

In the reprint of " Lavengro " which .Messrs. Ward, Lock 
have a<lded to their Minerva Library Mr. Watts-Diinton gives 
some very iiil<'rcstiiig |K>rsonal notes on Borrow. He raises the 
question wlK'ther Borrow was a " literary amateur," but do<'s 
not answc'r it very doflnitely. His amateurishness shows itself, 
as it seems to us, now and then in his style in a certain sonten- 
tiousncss and artificiality. Surely it is an amateur who writes — 
to take an insfanoo from (he sewnid chapter of " Lavengro" — 
"Spirit of eld, what a skull was yon ! " But Mr. Wattjt-Dunton 
means that ho was an amateur in tho sense that he wsis a man 
first and a writer afterwards, an<l thai therefore no one critlciz«'s 
him adequately who did not know him |)ersonally. Perhaps Dr. 
Knapp has done something to e<iiiip the critic of the futuro who 



July l-I, 1900.J 



LITEIUTURE. 



99 



will not have lind thl» advantapfo. Mr. M'atts-Danton gixon a 
•leliKhtfiil acunuiit of his first mootinK with Borrow. Il«. qImi 
forosws a jfrnwInK inU«r«sl In " IjiveiiKro " iiiicl " Tin- K«.in 
Ryo," to which the issuo (>r r«|irlnt>i— for Mr. Murray li.i« 
Just wIssiK-d " LavtMiJicro," wllli oIIut IkkiIvh of Borrow w..|ii, 
to U'»tif,v. 

Th<> iiioi-« IIk' foiilim-H of our " ll«<aiitiriil Kiinluii'l,"' lo 
tiso hJH own pImiM-, iiiv chiinpHl by Iho ninltiiuilinoiiit odocU 
of tho railway HyHt«'m, tln< more uHruotlon will MMwIcni nnil In 
lx>okM wliifli dopiut hor Ix-forc hor Itvuuty wus inurrud— iNiukM 
which do|iict hor In thonu unto<liliivlun (layn whon thorf ww. 
such It thing ax spaoo In tho i»lund— wluiii in KnKlaiiil then- 
WUH n wnso of diMtano»>, that Mcnso without wliii'li llnTf tail 
lio no niniaiiiM' -whiMi tho slaK<'-<-oai'h was In its glory -wlu-n 
tho only nuigic-ian who oonlil ronvoy man anil liis lM>longinK-< 
»t any rato of n|m>c<I bi-yonil man's own walking ral«< was tin- 
horse— the Iwlovcil horso whoso praises Horrf)w loV(«<l to Ming, 
and whoso ideal was renehisl in the mighty " Shales " — when 
the great high ri>;uls were ali\e, not merely with the bustle of 
business, but with ival adxentiin* for the tnivuller— days and 
scenes which Borrow better th.in any one elw- ennid |Kiinl. 
A timo will come, I say, when not tmly Inioks full of des4'ri|>- 
tivo genius like " Lavengm." but even such eomparntively 
tame deseriptlons of Kiigland as the " Cleanings in Kuglanil 
and Wales " of the now f.irgotlen Kasl .Midlan<ler, Siunni-I 
Jackson I'rutt. will be read with :i new inten'st. 

• » * » 

A eoinmitte<> has Ikhmi foriiK<d in I'aris to er«'ct a monuuM'nl 
to Arthur Kiniliaud, whose strange cnr<s'r IhiIIi as syudHilist 
I)Oot niid explor«<r, the friend of \'erlaine and of Meneiek, has 
iHJon told by M. Pnterne B«TriehoM. The relations of Kimlmud 
with Verlaine have also lioon deseriUsI ri<<-ently with new details 
in tho " Verlaine Intime" of .M.t'h. Donos. IfimlHiml whs liorn in 
18.')4 and diotl in 18i)I. M. .\niitole France is on the eonnnittee 
which is to honour Itimlmiurs memory. Times have ehange«l 
8incc M. France, as critic of /-.• Tcm/w, found no i-pithets 
too ironic in which to ridicule the utterancivi of the symbolists. 
Yot the famous " Sonnet of the Vowels " was the beginning of » 
sobool of poetic expression which, now that it has survivisl .>(. 
Anatolo Frances raillery, ho |)erlmps thinks it genertms to 
l-eoognizt'. The ivatler of the following lines will ihmIiju., i-. ,.i.r,. 
to understand both these attitudes : 

VoVELLfX. 
A noir, K blanc, [ rougt>, U vert, O bleu, voyelles, 
.)e dirai i|tiel((ue jour vos naissnnis>s latontes. 
A, noir cors«'t vein <les mouclies eclatanles 
(^)ni bombillent aiitour dos puanteurs crueller, 
(iolfo d'ond)re ; K, eandeur des vapours et des ..•mi<'~. 
Ijlncc dos glaciers froids, rois blaiics, frissons d'omlH-lles ; 
J, ponrpres, sang crnche, rire des levivs licllos 
Dans la colero ou les ivrcsses |M'-nitontes ; 
l\ cycles, vil)rements divins des merw virldes, 
Paix dos pAtis sem^s d'animaux, paix des rides 
Quo I'alchiiuio impriino aux grands front^t studieux : 
O. supivme ClaiiMU plein de strideurs ef ranges, 
Silences tmvcrses dos Mondes et dos Anges : 
— O I'Oaiega, rayon violet do Ses Veux ! 

* * * , 
Our Paris Correspondent writes : 

Professor Joseph Texte, of Lyons, whose name Lili'mture 
has so often had occasion to mention, had obtained in Knglaiid 
and Oerniany a reputation second to none as a student of com- 
panitivo literature. His fine book " Jean-Jacrines Rousseau 
et le Cosmopolitismc Litteraire," which Mr. Mathews trans- 
lated into English, gave both his name and his method a vogue, 
and placed him immetliatoly among the few critics who attempt 
a scientific system free from the prcjiulioes of nationalism. M. 
Tcxto was to have been present this month in Paris at the 
Congress of Com|>!irntivo Literature, and to take the lead in 
its proceedings. Indeed, it was chiefly to him that the original 
idea of this t'oiicrco wms due. But f'>i' •> ^-n- ii.>" li.- had been 



diMi k 

si j'l I 

loin eiicont d'etre n^tabli, . 
me M>rn !m|Hm*|ble d'aller k ik.i.. , . 
■•• pr«i((ramme. J'aiirnU «>u . . 
at the very oulwl of hi« eare«'r. I 
have lo»t one of I heir imml ronwii 
devoli-es. Uaiiides the fuiiioUK I- 
published " Kliule* de I.ll ta'-r:tl>ir>' I 



T IT R l>« ««• troag vtumgk. kammttr, 
"  . . 3f Miti trltrancnt iiigmtf 

tmmU 






tiiiKiie AukI.iii : 1^ \ic ■!( | 'i •• 

(readers of l.itrnilurr will i. ,4s 

Kniune in our roluinn« on May 'II lint year). I •«! 

forwartl to the day when, in op|KMltion tm fl— • U^ 

nationalist phibMopby of ao tnauy of hln all 

Kuro|H> would have a rU>»rer notion of the Ir - 1 if- 

ity of the nations, " of the nMH-Mlty," to n l«. 

*' for any nation v! ' " 1 (n 

contact with tho t hi* 
aenno hi» d(>ath in a lou to Kur»|K-. 

• • • • 

The Sh:ikeH|ieare-loving Corniani and Auvtrlan* ar« eoa 
stantly holding up their haniU in pitying amaamapnt at Uw 
degeneration of our stage. Pnif. Kix'her, of Innsbruck, la • 

loading (Serman |M>rio<ll<^l, derlarm that the '   -* thv 

ino<lern Knglish theatre is as Imd aa iteanlic, l> ><«• 

of its intrinsic badnens it is In' It. 

In all Ijondon thealroH. we are i- :c»- 

arc of more -' t,. 

Nowhere ari .>,„ 
public as in Ijunduii. 

There ari> almul tw»Mit\(i «iv» Prof. 

Fischer I huiblled in or near 1 1 . and a(h< in 
the suburbs where the Imurff^..^.- — •'•■• " 
successes of the town. Bat oat of ' 

is et>n»e«'nit«<«l to n|iora or to pur.- i r.ii;i-.i> . i, , „tt 

o|>ont enjoys an episodical cxislcnee in i'ovml <<.>r,l. .. l.ut il 

is not an indigenous fruit of Brit' ' tie 

im|H>rtatinn. a luxury Itevond ili< .-li 

and extravagant, and n-. ,< 

imply that tle-re is nny ,111 
means mcr^ 
Wagner's  

hand, of The iirile of \rw i'urk ty|H 

o( plot, vulgar absurdities, and IIl-Iii . ii- 

to tho native ear and heart, for ' ilr 

unmusical tbmigh ho Im>. drarly I" ^« 

tune in it. Tho mimnting of these <iil 
misses in enitfmhif th<« rhii <'f I ^ :iii<i i 
individualizini; of detail. 
Knglish niel 

while the sal in 

for contemptuous eonnuent. i (4 

romantic tnigedy, the happy 1 -'ul 

eccentricities, cnlminatinK in " r«'. 

unadulterated Sh:iki>i»' m' shoul:. .. ., lie 

draws a cry of an- Prof. FiM-ber. "I Im» 

world," ho conchiil. -. .,..' Iher< -• " -n. 

and the public pays more for ' re 

else, and yet wsthetic n'^nl' .1.1 1 is 

varied. Scenic effects bio ' > - .cti the i> of 

technical |>erfection. ~" r- 

thele««»rt cuts a l»p^ <s 

sor' r- 

esi i . '* 

fuhit oicJi u<T iW • irw i« ilr' 
London hoinmt er 

5-2 



LITERATURE. 



[July 21, 1»00. 



We meatiooed iMt week Mr. W. H. M»ll<H-k's article in the 
Anulo-fktxoit Rtvifw on "The Liiiiiutioiis of Art." 
'*■' The title ii«ie« not very nccuratoly de^wribe the 
p " rt-al ({isl of the «rticlo. h is un attempt to arrive 

^^' „t itiMue clear notion with rt-ganl to the "novel 
with a piiriKKie," wh'it it iuuan«. and how far it is legiti- 
mate. The view here put forwjinl clcwrves careful con- 
vldemtlun, booaute Mr. Mallock, though ho N by no raeaus 
alttmys eonviacinK. is, at any r.ite where literary subjects are 
i"oncerne«l, one of the few critics who sincerely try to think a 
subject out, and to state their conclusions in a simple and lucid 
manner. He Qnds a curious contradiction emerging more and 
more definitely in the wxirld of present day Action. On the one 
hand the noveJ in growing lUily in importance as a vehicle of 
8«rkHU thought. Yet in many quarters the novel with a purpose 
meets with the utmost obloquy .is a form of art. Mr. 
Mallock discu-ssf^H in detail one important and obvious qualiflca- 
tion to the thoiry that there can l>e nothing in a true work of 
art but the pn-scntatiou of artistic truth — viz., that in every 
literary crt>ation the individuality, the tastes, and the moral 
juilgments of the author inevitably find expression. Hence 
the presence of a purpose— even of that bugbear of the critic, a 
moral purpose — is to some extent a question of degree. Bnt it 
is worth while considering whether Mr. Mallock could not go a 
good deal further than he does in admitting the novel with a 
purpose into the Temple of .\rt. He cxcludt>s from the inner 
sanctuary any work of Dction in which " men's lives appear in the 
light of a prtwupposed theory of life," or in which we have " the 
adventures of some theory that is in dispute illustrat<>d by the 
lives of men which are manipulated for that s|X!cial end." The 
writer of such a work of fiction " uses art for an end, and he 
achieves a result which is essentially not artistic." How about 
" The Pilgrim's Progress," or " Don Quixote " ? Surely this 
critical and suspicious analysis of the end the artist has in view 
is a very fallible method of proceeding. We, rightly or wrongly, 
certainly estimate a work of art much more on a considera- 
tion of its style and tn-atment than of its object. A man's 
motives are always complex when he engages in any under- 
taking, and they do not lH>come more simple when he undertakes 
to write a liook. How many b<x»ks are produce<l from a pure 
and single-lniart*'*! desire to produce a work of artistic truth 
and beauty ? .\nd if the conscious pnrpose is to raise and 
spiritualize the mind, even though that pur|>oso run within the 
groove of a particular theory, «loes this necessarily poison the 
vrhole ? It is often forgotten that the moral sense has its 
nsthetic side, a fact realizetl by some of our earlier Rnglish 
moralists whom nolKxIy reads at the present day. Moral 
deg rj «lation displeases because it is ugly ; s<»lf.sacrillee, on the 
utber hand, providi-s us with a real lesthetic pleasure. This 
kind of moral »«>nse is iiide|M-nd>'nt of any particular moral coilc, 
and mnst be taken account of in the efermi controversy as to 
Jhe relation of art and morality. At any rate the whole hist^ory 
of religious art and poetry goes to show that puriiose is not 
eaaentially destructive of art. The real test of artistic great- 
ness is to be found in the expression of the individual mind — in 
the povNjr, the tact, the sense of beauty, which shows itself in 
tbe Wky the sabject is handled. The artist need not necessarily 
be devoid of opinions or even of the ilesiro to pminulgate them ; 
if lie is so, it makes him not a greater, l)ut a lesser man. 
Bat whatover ho writes, and for what<*ver purpose, he pnMiuces 
by the law of bis lieing a work of art. The very sincerity of 
hi* purpose, tbe unconsciousness of the artistic quality of the 
work b« i* producing, may add irameiisely to its beauty. .Vmong 
poets we see it in Milton, or on a lower piano in Keble, l>olh of 
tkcn true poet« writing with a distinct and conscious aim. No 
one can have more dellnite an uiti^rior object than the orator or 
the pamphleteer, whether his method Ite the purely rhetorical, 
the piet«rial, or the narrative, yet we do not deny him the art of 
ri oqaeaoe. And It is possible that as the novel occupies more 
ami MOM widely the Held of thought wo may l>e too severe in 
pMsfaig Ml ■■hesitating condemnation on any work of tlcticju in 
io which some trace of a purpose i* discoverable. 



H>cveonal Uicws. 

—  

IBSKN AH IDKAl. 1ST. 

At a dinner given in celebration of his return to Norway, in 
lti02, the rare and dreaded cmcrguncy »f a public speech 
extorted from Ibsen ouo of those pregnant bits of self-confes- 
sion whieb the less formidable crises of ordinary conversation 
fail to extract from men of his resolute ta<-ituruity. Previous 
speakers — warm-hearted old friends and enthusiastic young 
disciples — had celebrated the deflnitive triumph of his work, 
the Kuropeun fame which had crowuod his long up-hill struggle 
with antagonists and d<>(ractors at hoiiiu and abroad — more 
particularly at hoaie. The little square-built spectacled tlgure 
stood nervously grasping his chair as ho uttered the incisive 
sentences : — " Kvery field of victory is strewn with corpses. 
On the field of iiiy triumph lies the corpse of my happiness ! " 

However we may interpret these words (which I had from 
the lips of the friend at whose tabic they wore spoken), their 
Ibstmian flavour is unmistakable. Triumph, in the world's 
sense, is always, with Ibsen, attended by something sinister 
and disastrous, some fulillment of a tragic omen, or some omeu 
to be tragically fulfilled. If there is any souud and well-omened 
exultation to l)o found in Ibsen, it is among the jieople whose 
success is, in the world's eyes, unmiligatod disaster. 

It is clear that this recurring burden of the Ibsonian drama 
— this ewige (leMnfi coiilinually resountling through the 
troubled air — is due less to any dellnile teaching of experience 
than to a fundamental psychical iMjut, an inner core of asceticism 
and idealism, which has shaped all his thinking, and of which all 
that presents itself to him as experience has taken the hue. 
Ibsen has dealt so largely with ugly and sordid materials, with 
the sensual dross and the soulless debrix of hu uauity, that such 
terms as idealism and asceticism, applied to him, will seem to 
many readers, even now, strangely out of place. But he is not 
the Urst in whom an iron grip upon actuality has gone along 
with a no less inflexible disparagement of it. It is the paradox 
of Ibsen's nature that, while impelled by his own fanatical 
criticism into a fierce estrangoiuont from the phenomenal world, 
he has yet baen hold to it by bonis which grew only more rigid 
and despotic with years ; so that while his criticism of society 
has remained as implacable as over, his solutions and remedies 
have gri)wn vaguer and more hesitating, and the famous " ThirtI 
Kingdom " itself, in which the author of " t'wsar and Galilean " 
saw the future crown and culmination of Paganism and 
Christianity, li.a« become a forlorn and discrtulitod myth. 

It is.of course, to the earlier plays, and, above all, to tho early 
poems, that we have to turu if wo would appreciate the idealism and 
the asceticism of Ibsen at their full value. One romombers the 
subtle significance which attaches, in this early verse, to the 
ideas of light and darkness. Helena Alving, in fi/iooln, complains 
I hat tho world, haunted by the phantoms of the past, is yet 
" afraid of the light," before which they would vanish. Twenty 
years earlier his charge against the m.iss of men was that they 
were " afraid of darkness." Tho two complaints, under diflerent 
symbols, meant much the same thing — the aversion to the realm 
of ideal truth which tho light of common day, the glamour of 
current conventions and easy self-content, obscures or obliterates. 
" When I was a boy," he tells ns in the verses called " Afraid 
of the Light " {Lytrted), " I shuddered when the sun went down 
behind the crags, and trembled all night before imaginary 
goblins." But with manhood there came a change : — ^ 



July 21, 19U0.] 



IJTEKATrKE. 



41 



Ntiw It In Noanitey'M Koblln*, 
Now It Im Lih-'w iinivnt. 
That dart lhi> fri'«'zintt horror 
Into my litditiiit; lirrast, 

I lililc iiic iiiiilcr (Ik- cover 
Of l)iirkiii'"><<'«i •nihil- tniiii, 
Anil my Mtiil iiiiN on her armour 
Of I'nKlo-ltnldncH)! airnin. 

Thou, f«>iirl<"i'i of fliiiiM>H or of fiiirKC*, 
Like II fiiloon I rlciivc I he sky, 
Vorjri'ttinK "ly !"'Kni''h of tprror — 
Till the morrow'H ilikwn I ilt>s<'ry. 

But. when Night ilenlc>« lior mantle, 

I drift on a rudderless hark ; 

If ever I win me Klory, 

"r>vill 1h> liy a d<M'd of Hie dark I 

The " Darkness " whose niven plumes exercised so stroni; a 
spell upon Ihson was ol)viously not that which ap|>cal9 to the 
self-protective instincts of oliscunint.s and ostriches. It was 
rather (to use another line iiiiiiKe of his own) the darkness of the 
mine, where the dazzlliif; delusionn of day are unknown, and 
l>reoious ores are laid up, to Ik* had only l»y the lonely toil of 
1 ho delver's hammer. Ft was the darkness which shroniN the 
fearless explorer, seekiuR the answer to life's endless enigmas 
in tlie deep, " where aloue is peace, i>eaoe and desolation from 
evcrlastinjt." From the «t--)nd|H>int of ordinary liiogniphy Ibsen 
••anuot by any means be said to have led a lonely or friendlesH 
life ; but no mort* lonely nature ever exist<?d, nor one that drew 
richer inspii-ation from loneliness. The nlory ot friiMidship and 
of love boning for him when the fact's of friend and lover are 
IransfldurtKl in the soul-liprht of memory. The Rlory of the 
hero begins when his last ally deserts him. 

Had this romantic astrangemont from society exhausted the 
))0SHiltilitios of Ibson's nature, he inight have been r<'meinb)>r<'d 
as a iM>it;nant lyric |hM>t, but certainly not as a dramatist. H« 
miitht have reminded us, more oft+>n than he does, of Khellcy — a 
Norwegian Shelley, uttering a like passion for freedom with the 
hard and rigorous tom|)cr of the North. But Shelley's repndia- 
tion of the despotisms of society renmined lyric — a radiant 
bubble t)f el(Kiuont anger against kings and priests. Of the 
actual processes by which society exercised its despotic sway, 
ho had Imt the most oloinoutary idea. )1is animus iievor 
transformed itself into vision. Ibs<'u, on the other hand, has, 
almost from the first, showed an extraordinary insight into the 
facts which bore out his elementary hostilities. The vague 
]ilatitadcs which satisfy most of us about the contagion of the 
moral atmosphere, the constraining influence of environment, he 
li-aTislates into concrete living example delineated with the 
analytic precision of a medical illustrator. A whole world of 
facts, on the other hand, for which his elementary bias suggested 
no interpretation esca|)e him altogether. Mis environment is 
habitually insidious and corrupting ; the subtle filaments of 
society transmit .in iullucnce which is only malign, its jiarts 
work together only for ill. That the life of a conununity can be 
healthy, and «»n stimulate the h(>al thy energies of those who 
conform to its usages and share its life, Ibsen would probably 
not deny. But these are not for him the normal conditions ; he 
fastens rather upon the diseased organism, the corrupt com- 
munity, the hollow marriage, and shows us the moral malaria 
which such an organism diffuses among its healthy raemlters, i( 
they submit to it, and the disabilities which they suffer if they 
do not. 

It is easy to understand the mood in which a mind with such 
preoccupation-i as these approached the problems of tragetly. 



"I, 



Tin- . ..nil.. 

which U in 

for him, a tmilif which b<  <i 

h-ave, but tbv form which aoy dra. ^ -,, 

must inovltably awMime. I'fr«nnality,fall of lirr»i«> i 

U ,.. 

stai. ' 

llM^n the p<<rvudiiu( problon irf lUt>. No ikiabt la llw iMor 
plays this pmblew U no |i>n^r •ppn<b<>n<k4 with Iha mm* 
simplicity as beforo. l'iT.»ii»liiy !• h^m holiMjr 4t«liiix«l4M4 
from ItA environro<nit ; a man cannot fr««o himmir, Itkr Hrawl, 
by (hec-r force of will froa the obwTwino u( rtrraiadanrc ; ik« 
|MNt claina iu iMrt in hlra, and Ito ffb<MU miii<tUi i»iik iba 
|>u(reautry of l> i mora CMMpaaitaoM^ and «•<•««• 

of the lat4>r i - riearty imiividaaliani, tkair 

mental proltlca ara mora inlrteato and nabtla, kM Mat ima 
prfM-iso ; thivy compfl ns In facp the tarn |.r 'liolacy 

and ethics, thongh the Mtlution i« m> tcMix< . nnntfii; 

letters on the page. Iltsen ^ Ii-d a iwwi of ra». 

if wo will ; but It is this nn y |M«t, beyond all • - 

who has taught us in art the powvr of tho |Mwt, and Ito »• .ik. 
If any man may claim to Im-U to mndnm liiiia Iha 

essentiul tragedy of 'A' li/>u> i is ttm uutkor cl (:t^•^'l^. 

.\nd ho may Im* called, if we will, a poet of " NataralUn 
it is this " Naturalistic " (met who ha* dooe aori' y 

other to rescue the Kuropoau theatr* fraoi Um «<>i '4 

what giH-s by that namo, to ntdoom it from the monul and 
moral insigniflcanco which is often, in ethics as well •• in art. a 
graver crime than iiid(^.-ortiro, to restore nnikvr form* controlled 
by tho M'verost realism the inner r4 

idims, the mortal struggle of \v ... f 

life and of good. ItMon haa been called a "Symbolist' 
so he is in the sense that Ito habitually mean* mora than no 
says ; but he differs from the school ot M. ManCorliuck in o^nf 
as " symlxil " not the most fantastic and visiooar.v. bat tha 
most human an;l vernacular, oloniont ot hi* tbonKbt. M. M 
linck bringrs Poetry visible and folly arrayed, apon the ai 
and we cannot Ih> Ion grateful ; Iim «nrdld 

domestieilii's to which It»sen <ift«Mi .ii us, the 

interpreting mind has gllmpasa into tho oternal wurfc»bop o( 
Nature, and liecomos a%vare of the T' ; a( the 

whirring loom of Time, ami of the imn. > warp 

of which the moat trivial human story is ih- 

< , II. IIMCI-UKL'. 



Jovcion Xctter. 

— * — 

PR A NCK. 
THK NKW SCHOOL OK KKKNCH KHTION. 
During the last twvnty yi^rs anew and n' > • . '. -.1 ..^ 
Action has arisen in Franco. One cannot help •> 

group of writers which includes .\natol'- K 

Pierre Loti, Bourgot, I^ivislan. and It 

literature as do those of their ppedi.HN- 

Ihirties .ind forties, and amoni; wh' 

time Oil. • 

say nothi: 

said to have i > 

wi>rld by mear 1 

Pn^vost's first novels, " Ijk < t 

as is the mo<lom group, we !•- < 

more for a George Sand. Indeed, con- 

intcrct>t which the woman movcaacnt has ai- — 



42 



LITERATI RE. 



[July 21, 1900. 



writers, it b 8iir|irisln|c that there should lie no modem French 
woman writer alilr t» claim even an <y|ual |>la(H> with the soiindiT 
■aiiKir novelists and ojna.visti, who form, as it were, a solid back- 
ground to their im>rt< lirilliaiit roii/rrrcn. Zoln anil Dniulct 
oeeapicHi a |)lat*<> apart. At one time the critic*, hailt*d n coming 
Balaac in the yoiithriil Zol:i. lint, nionurnciital ns Ims Imhmi tli<< 
laidc he has achieve*!, he cannot Im> sjiid to have jtistille<l tin- 
|>roinise of the earlier volnnien of the K<>np>n-M:ie<|iiart seric. 
This at all erenta b what one fo«>ls on tiirnin;; from " I.a Kante 
«le rAlil»> Monret " to "Dr. Pascal." The IkmiIcs oh wliicli 
l>audet's le^^iliinatc fume \vii.s hastnl all came out iM'twtH-n tlie 
year IMVK, when " !.«> Petit Chose" was |iubli»ln>d, mid 18iC>, 
when "Sapho" a|)|H>ar«Ml. DuriiiK the last ten years of his life 
the state of his health conipt>llc>d him to leave the flehl 
almost entirely to his yonnjp^r rivals, who found in him 
even to the end their most ardent admirer and their shrewdest 
critic. 

The di'MninunI note of nuMlern Fr<Micli fiction is the direct 
appeal to the intellipMice, with as little dc|>fndence as |X)Ssible 
on that love of story-telliiiR and story-heariiiK which is as old us 
humanity itself. It would lie hard to sa.v who was the first to 
•et up this new roethtxl ; but, whcH'vcr he was, his example 
was quickly followed. Anatolc France has more than onci" 
admitteil that he orifrinally l>e(ran writing Action in order that 
he mi^ht place certain philosophical ideas and theories iM'fore 
the widest readin)^ public. Hims<>ir the son of a publisher, 
he W-.1S aware that for one reader of a brilliant phiIoKO|ihical 
treatise- a thousand will Ix* found for even a [Kxir novel. What 
be wonI<l |>erhaps be less frank in admitting; is the fact that. 
through the nie<lium of Action, he has Ikmmi able to make use of 
some of his extraordinary erudition. There are pages in 
*' Thais " and in " I.ji KAtisserie de la Reinc Pedauque " which 
must delight and instruct even those who have made a life-long 
Ktudy of the two widely different historical |)eriocLs with which 
these wonderful stories deal. The world owi>s Anatole France 
the st<iry-teller. as contrasted with .\natoIe France the |mk'I, 
the historian, and the scholar, to Henan. Who (lersuaded him to 
make his first attempt in Action, anil who actually suggested to 
him the plot i>f " I.e Procurafenr de .ludtV." He has in a 
literary wnse travelled far since " Le Crimi> do Sylvestn* 
Bonnard " was crowned by the Academy as lK?ing not only a 
work of art, but iiot^nliarly fltteil for family reading. M. Franco 
might well exclaim " Le style, c'(.>st moi !" It is to his style 
and to his erudition combineil that he owes his scat in the 
French ,\cademy. But his style, remarkable as it is, would not 
attract much attention in the hind of style were it not that lie 
pooMMHes alsi> in a rare decree the |)ower of telling a story. 
Of him a fellow writer once oliservwl, " His work is full of 
genuine surprises, and that without his desiring in any sense 
to priMluce any but legitimate elTwts. As a writer he is 
innocent and |K'rverte<l. ironical and sentimentnl. infinitely 
credulous while full of scepticism." In one matter M. France 
is singularly fortunate — he has no imitators, and but few 
disciploi. The realists naturally fear him, for, while priKliiciiig. 
ma few of them can do. an atmosphere of reality, he dcpreenles 
any attempt n-ally to reconstituli' evim fragments of ri-iil life. 
his only aim iM-ing ihal of giving a poetical iiper^u of what has 
Imh'ii or might In-. He is. acconling to his own accoiini, n 
follower of Paseal : it is his aim to pii-ach tolerance and 
charity; and, while adiiiiriiig as<-etieism, and having a cerlain 
aymfialhy with it, he has ^> Ikmiih i.r iln- .iiu'l viitins :il,.,v>. 
all, i>f a distortt-cl " justli ' 

Man-«'l Pr«'<vohl and In- wmu >l i<( mu rai-i spiiinl ai ii'iii ion 

in Kngland and in America, if only Ix-cniisi* his methiKls niiil 
idenU an- eiiriously Kngiish. He frankly M-ts out to write 
pri>l>l<'i>i iii.\n|«, and. as tiiiH- gin's on, he lR'comi?s more 
a' aclier. eager to bring the world round to his 

V Although his first novel 8p|M«iiil as recently 

as l«J»7. be publishisl wven volumes iK'fore he iiiiiile his first 
iHfi.uIar siicc«-m with " Di-mi-Vierges " ; and his ex|ierieiice 
Illy show-s that the wider n-ndiiig pnblie is much the same 
'■■■■'■' ■••'•■. Tlioiij;li " Sciirpion " attracteil instant 



attention from the eritles, and is In |M>int of style, in the- 
opinion of many, b,v far the licst lMH>k he has ever writtou ; and. 
though he publishcil successively " La Confession d'un Aniant," 
" L'Auloiiiiie d'une Femme," and that astounding litoiiiry f'jiic 
i/c fofcr. " LettHw de Femmes," it was not till " Denii- 
N'iergcs " made its ap|M>nrance that M. Pn'vosl could call 
himself successful. Of this Ixsik — said by the author to Imi 
written in the interi>sts of Fi-ench mothers, though the title 
alone banished it from most ordinary French librarii-s, niiil 
still more from the average Fii'iich drawing-room— TiO.lMK) copies 
were solil in a few inontlis. To M. Pn'-vost's honour, lie it said, 
he did not follow up this mirrc.i ile urniiiliile with another IwKik 
of the same type. Probably to the disappointment of those who 
had appreciatcMl " DiMiii-Vierges," he turned the whole of 
his attention to the feminist movement. His first lunik dealing 
with the subject, though in a tentative and hardly definite 
fashion, was the volume entitled " Notre Compogne," and 
having the sub-title of " Proviiicialcs et Parisiennes." In 
" Fredi'<rii|no " he shows his strong sympathy with the advo- 
cates of wiimen's rights, and the fact that he has chosen to 
place the action of his story in Loudon shows that M. Prevost 
has made a thorough study of the subject. Of the innumerable 
writers who have attemptiMl to describe London under its many 
aspects few have succimhUmI in interpreting the gliwmy iniddli^ 
class working life of the city as M. Pn'-vosl has done ; and this 
is the mon^ remarkable when it is considered that M. Priivost's 
tliree heroines — liomaiiic Pernit/., the ardent mystical Slav, and 
the two French girls, sisters, whom she completely dominotes 
by her ardent love of humanity- only mix with London life, 
as it were, from the outside. " Frederiiiiie " is to he followed 
by a continuation and conclusion, " I>ea," now on the eve of 
publication. One asks oneself with .some wonder how fur M. 
Prevosfs studies in femhii»ine will lead him. An account of 
the French beginnings of n movement which has luado the 
iniblication of such a paper as /.ii Frontir not only possible but. 
'tinaiicially succi-ssful would Ik- welcome from many points of 
view. 

Of M. Lavedan. in some wiiys pei'liaps the tnost brilliant and 
the least cosmopolitan of the younger writers of French fiction, 
foreign critics have as yet made little account. Pcrluips his 
literary style and methods of work may ha Iwst explained by 
saying that be has completx-l.v rout<Hl " Gyp " on her own 
ground — " Gyp," that is, ut her l»est, the Gyp of " P'tit 
Bob " and of " Autour dn Mariagc." " Nouveau Jen," M. 
I.avoilan's most jKipnlar volume, is likely to remain for 
a long time to come the most pitiless indictment of that 
frivolous irres|>onsible sei'tion of siviety which has its countei- 
jmrt in every Kuropcan capital. L'nfortnnately he has found 
play writing preferable to novel writing. " Le Prince d'.\umc 
proved that the last word concerning niodern comedy had not 
iM-en .said by Dumas filx, still less by any of his clever disciples. 
The drnmatixation by the author of " Nouveau .leu " wns also, 
though a very different, revelation of what could Ik' achieved in 
this way of literary faive, and the great success of " Le 
Vieiix Marcliein- " is not likely to deter the inventor of this 
novel j/ciiif from olTeriiig tin- most critical audience in the world 
— that galheriil fiimi the nmny-longuiHl world of the boulevards 
the fare of which they seem incapable of palling. But while 
M. Laveihiii is appan-iitiy absorbed in turning out the most 
riiM;i(c' us well as the most polisheil dramatic work ever seen in 
the lioulevurds theatres he is lieing rafiidly overtaken, if not 
distanccfl, by a com)>aratively new writer, Paul Hervieu, perhaps 
bi-st known till now as the author of two stories of modern 
French life, " peints par Knx-meines " and " L' Armature." 
Doubtless iM-caiise he takes so seriously to hi>art the vici-s and 
follies of his fashionable fellow countrymen and coiinlrywoinen, 
his writing is almost entirely unrclieviil by humour, Olid he 
completi'ly lacks the sharp and soini'tiines almost impish satire 
whii^li seems to inspire much of what is wrilti-ii by M. Ijavedan. 
-M. Hervieu is grimly conscious of what nnderlii'S the irrespoii- 
sible lives lie seta himself out to anal.vse and describe. He 
never li'avi's his reader in any doulit as t<. Iii.w he hiuiselC 



July 21, laOO.] 



LITEKATURE. 



rofriirdM Mm <-liiirn4-i<-rH, h« hiw no Hyniimtliy wlHi thi«lr fii|bl<i«, 
mill his iuj<li'rshiii(liii|; N nut of tlir< t,V|M> (lint iH'Ki'tn pity. Hl<i 
MH'Hiiin); is iilwiiyx clt-ar, nnd " L'Ariniitiir<- " niittlit w««ll linvn 
MOrvcil lis II writing; on tli<> Willi to tliiim' wlio, in tli<< oii(< rnin|i 
nnil III tlii> otiior, iiiikIo sih'IiiI, lliiniiriiil, niiil riirini cniiitnl out 
of tlio DroyfiiM oiisi', cai-ini; littlo for tin' tioiiDiii'. ami fvu li-.» 
for tlio iirentlgj'. of tlioir uiifortitiinto ooiiiitry. M I 



A MODERN BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINA. 

[t'..Mi-ii,Ei. BV E. A. UKYNoU)S-IJALI,.I 

Tlio riiUowiii}; |>0|)uliir liiblioKruptiy of t'liiim in uutinly 
contlnoil to to|HiKi'a|iliionl, lilNtoriciil, uiitl |M>litivul work* on 
China ptililishoil in Kiiclnnil nnd Kniiiiii within tho lunt two 
yi«iii's. Kor conviMiii'iico of ioforon<-o »oiii<> of Iho niandurtl workM 
also 111*0 !i|i|>i>iid<Ml, 

Till' iiii|)Ossil>ility of ((ivinR anythiiiK like a coiiiplotv l>iblii>- 
Kr.ipliy, ovi'ii of riK'ont works <m tho Chinoso Kinpiro within 
tho limits of iiii :irt!i-lf, may ho Iwttor iindorstotMl whon it is 
roiiiomlioroil tliiil tho siiuuliird Kronch bililioKiiiphy of workn 
iH^latillK to C'hiiui (pulili>hc(l in l.H8.'>) coiisisli of n\rr TOO octavo 
luiKU!* of Humll type. 

Bi:i(l'XKoiti), Loiii) t'il.\i!i.i.s.^" Tho Broak I p o( t'liiii!!.' Maps. 
I'is. Hai'por. IHW. A Htudy of (.Miiiiu mainly from u 
commori'ial |H>iiit of vii-w. 

Bishop, Mits. (Kmiki.la L. Biiti>). "Tho Yangtito Valloy and 
R<>yoiul." 5T4PP. llll illiist. Maps. £1 Is. m>t. Mnrray. 
18!«). Hiill a standard book of travol, though an 
iU'coiint of oxploratiiiii in ISiHl. Tho lomoto provinc(><< 
of I'hina ai-p »<> niii-h:iii!;inK that tho ro<M>rd is almost as 
valnablo as if it dosi-ribod pr»>sont-<lay travol. 

Bl!Al>nil\W". — " Tho Ox-orlaiid Ouldo to India and tlio East." 
:U(lpp. >tai>s. .w. Adams. IWW. 

C'oi.ijriicnx, A. K. -"Tlio 'Ovorland' to China." 478 pp. 
Illnst. Maps. Ids. Harp<-r. 1000. Wrifton by one of 
tho loading aiitlioi-ltios on China. Contains an oiioriiious 
amount of political information, 

Coixjfwois, A. K.— "China in Transformation." Ma|is. Itis. 
Harpor. 1S!H). A standard authority. Till rvfoiitly tUo 
last word on the China problom. 

CfM>liN(i, C. K. li<>i!ln>v. — "Wanderings in ('hina." Illnst. 
(Is, Now (>dition, Blm-kwood, 1000. Oiio of the most 
informing lH>oks on China ovi-r written. 

Doi'iJi.As, I{. K.—" China." 470 pp. lllusi. .">s. Fislior Cnwin. 
1!HH). One- of tho "Story of tho Nations" S.-rios. Oivos 
an adininiblo outline of tho history of China. 

Fkaskii, .1. KosTKii. — " Knund tho World (m a Wh<s>l." KPi pp. 



(U. .Mothiu-n. 18ir.». 
"China." .'(20 pp. Maps. 



(U. Sands. HIOO. 



KHI illn.sl. 

CoitsT, II. S. 

Oiu" of tho "liii|M'iMal Intort'st Library." 

Hai.<"<>miik, C. •!. H. -" Tho M.vstif Klowory Land." "iiS pp. 

7s, M. Lnzac, IS'.H*. A roviso<l tHlition of a |io]mlar ijook 

of travel. 
Iliins, SvKN,— "Thnvigh Asia." l.'-tll |>p. •JIU illnst. Maps. 

2 \ols. K\ 10-. not. Mothuoii. ISOS. Kinphatieally a 

inoiiumontat work. 
JoiixsTox. J, — "China and its Future." 11)2 pp. 3s. (Id. 

K. Stock. liMKl. A welI-diK<'st(Hl study of tho political. 

social, and ii'li};U>n.s conditions of tho (.'hiiiese Kmpin*. 

KuAi ssK, Al.K.vis. — •" China in Decay." 412 pp. (5 maps. 21 
illnst. ris, net. Chapman. l.SlKt. A useful contribution 
to tho pi-obleui of the Far East. 

Lirri.K, Am Miii.vi.ii. — "Thwiijjh tho Yangtso Oorjres." 310 pp. 

Map. 32 illnst. Os. Newcdition. 1000. Low. A cheap 

e<lition of a well-known Imokof travol with the toi>o(;raphical 

information cai-ofuUy brought up to date. 
LiTTi.K. AiiciiinAr.i). — "Tho Far Ka-st." Maps. One of "Tho 

World in lOIKl" Series. Heiiiemnnn. UHKI. 
LiTTi.K, Mits. Akchihai.i).—" Intimate ("liiiia: Tho Chinese as 

I have setMi them." Hut<'liinson. ISlKt. 
-Maktin, W. a. p.— "A Cvcle of Cathay." llliist. Map. 

7s. (id. Oliphant. ISKK). 
Moiiuisdv, G. K. — " An Australian in China." 300 pp. 30 

illnst. IIK. Od. Horace Cox. 1805. 



NoRMAN'. M 

pp. < 

1 ii.iii. A ucll'luiuuu wur.. 

OltlXANs. PlIlN 1 ' 

\n iiiu-t. 



' Xtl>ll> i'l luUls. ' i. 



I'l 



I 



I.rm- l.h.-.) r.rr.y.;n 

'•uMl ul llto rM tmttmK t4 
l«itln.(. a*. Hh 



..,.1 .-li' 



2W pp. 100 
••'I. Ilaryar. 



lUlltmr ' 



tho C«lralUI)i." 774 J>p. 
 'M. .\l>ri(iKv<l rnMB " Tie 



Hurst. 
Hcil>Mon»:, Miim K. R,—" Chins • Tli 

ilin.i. 8«. n,\. net. Ma< ' 

I li i|iler» on the di>e.ideii. 

Smith. A. H.--"\ 
.'MMIpp. .11 III.. 
A truthful anil u.-ll uuiieu u< 

the lower e:mt44 Cliiiie^*. 

Smith. A. H. CbormctcrUllr*." 

edition. I . 

Stott, (Shack, -" Twenty Six Ymr* nt MlMtonary Work In 
China." 374 pp, 8 illiut. .Inl ••dlli.m. HnOOtv, 1M0H. 

ThiiMmin, .1. " Through China  
illuMl. 21s, nut. Countable. 
7s. (kl. 

Walton. Johkph. M.P.— " ChiM •nd tliu lV«-*ut Crl«l.. " 
SaiujiMin Lo». 

Waiiiikh-Smith, D.— " Kiiro(H " *•* - ■' far Ibwt." 
32 iiiiiit. Mip. 7s. (II. imMjtor 

tnub-ni, but uf much intt.. -. ■•■ ^. ... . ,, ,.,.,.... 

WII.UAMH, F. W.— " A lliittory of Chlaa. ' II.. 8. Low. 1800. 

WiixiAMs, S. W.— " Th. i 
New Map. 2 Vols. tJ 
An exhaustive sIiuIn ..[ ii.. 
and s<M<i:il eouditioiis of I'l. 
elassieal work on China f' ^ 

VLAniMiit.^" Kiiwia on the r 
Illinit. Ma|>s. 14s. S. I 
this work with .Mr. C.' 
(s«?e aliove). 

VoiM;HrHUANl>. K. K.-'" Atnnnir 

lllust. Map. 7s. M. M 
Heart of a Continent " (-■ 

\ few n'prenontativc Kivnch woribi rrcmlly paltllalMsl are 

(jiven Im'Iow. 

Anon, — " L* Chino : Kvpanslon dm Grandii* PniaMUien* ««a 

KxtriMne Orient." 222 pp. P»ri«. IHUO. 
KAitfi,. K, " I^H. Chlnois chei Kux." .IIW pp. It tllint. Mr. 

aOe. Colin. Paris. IWW. 

CoTTKAf. K.— " I'n Touriste diin^ rKt'n'-mf OHnnt f1«1.2)." 
3 Mh|m, :t8 illiisl. 4(h nlltion. I' 

LKitiir-B»:Ai'i.i>'.i'. Pi»uiit»'„ -" I^ Henox . 

Chini>-Ja|>on." 4rr. Colin. Paris, llNH). .\n  

study of tin- decr«>pit Kinpin> the- si.-k mm of II.. 

— the results of two years' eon- 'd. 

MaDIIOIX»', C.— " lA'm Peupl<>s < I „ -. dv la CIili.o 

Meridionah-." Paris, IMIH. 

MATliiXoN, J, J, -■' Sn|H>rstitiun. Criiw. et Mi j fcw ea Cb>... . 
72 illnst. L.von. 18W. 

MoNNiKii, Maihki.. " I.e Tour d'.\»ie." IHUO. Plon. ParU. 
Thi" fruits of four yeiirs" tnivel in tho " Mickllo Rnpins " 
as eorres|Mmdent of Lr rr«i|w. 

RolwiCT. L.— " A Travem la <'hint>." Map. 28 illiut. Srd 
edition. 4fr. Hachette, Paris. 

STANDARD BOOKS OK KKKKKKNCK. 

Bam., J. D.— " ThiiiKK ChinoM." 10». Od. 2nd «djUaii. 1«M. 
S. Low. 

BoiuiMi, D. C— " Hiatorr of China." 1.378 pp. Map*. 2 VoU. 

New (Hlition. 1000. Thaeker. 

CHAVANX»>», KdoIARO. — " L<>s Menii.;r<- Ili-t. .r iiin<~i de Se-M» 
Ts'ieii." 3 Vols. aln>ad,v 
piiblishiHl in Oi-tnlKT. T,<- 
of Chinese hist.< 
of the " five p. 
The historv is i 
" Bo<ik of' Hi-^ 
rescucil from ti.." r.m(H'n'r .■smn ii\\-iTtg-iii s |a 1 ninenv 



44 



LITERATURE. 



[July 21, 1900. 



!"■ - " . r ■" " O 'i 1ii>1iH*aii»t in tito tliii-il o<!iit«ry 

»' y is m>w |i|iu-<><t witiiiii tin- 

rt-aiii Ml hii^-ii-ii rv.mir-. im- i lie Ilrst timo. 
ClMON, 1>M!I>.- •• Pmlil.-iiiH of ihi" K:ir Rist." 444 pp. IIIiinI. 

MttjiH. Tsi. (VI. I'oiiNtablo, 1«WJ. A ».lia ]K>li(i<.>al tnsatiMj 

which (li-sMTVi-dlv milks as ii i-l:iK.sio. 
D.iVil>, J. F. -•• Th« l'hiiH>M«." 2 Vols. Ljist .nlition. 1857. 

Lonikin. An «'nt"yrlopRHlio work full of nolid inforniiition. 
I>>ii:i..\S H. K.— " StM-ioty in Chinii." Ilhisl. (Vs. liiiio-s, IWM. 
Df B<»s»:. Kkv. H. C'.— " The H<>li};ioiis of Chlim." 4<H< |ip. XI. 

Richinonil. Virginia, l-S..^. .\ iis<>fiil iiilnMliii'tioii (otlio 

•• thiw rt'ligions " of China— Budtlliisiii, Confiiciaiiisni, uiul 

Taoism. 
<Jiur. J. H.— " China : A History of the Laws. Mannors, &p." 

2 Vol*. Lost fditicMi. 1878. London. ludisiMMisablu for tlio 

student. 

IIOHiK, .\.— " Throo Years in Western China." Os. Now c<lition. 
1M>7. G. Philip. 

Hcc, l'.\bb4.— •• L'Kmpiro Chinois." 2 Vols. 4th edition. 18<52. 
Pari*. 

LANsiirxi.. H.— " Chinese Central Asia." 2 Vols. Illiist. X.I IIW. 
.S. Low, 18Ua. 

Loch. l.<mn.— " P«>raonaI Xarrative of Lord Elftin's Kinbnssy 
to China in 1S(M»." Portraits. Illiist. is. (mI. net. Now 
edition. lUOO. Murray. Of peculiiir iuten-st at the present 
monient. 

Lczac, C. G.— " Bililiofcraphical List of Books on the East 
(1802-4)." Is. Liizuc. 

Vlaoimib.— " The Chiiia-Ja|iauese War." 400 pp. Mans. Ilhist. 
Kfct. 8. Low. IWW. 

VorNiiiUKBAxn. F. K.— " The Ho.irt of a Continent : Tiavols 
in Manchnria." V.M) pp. £1 Is. Miiriay, 18SH1. .\ work of 
aterlinft nK>rit. One of the best travel Ixxiks on China. 

The Foreign Oflloe Correspondence, Parliamentary Bhie- 
books, and the various Consular Kp|)Orts will, of course, be con- 
miltcd by all those ro<|uiring otticial inforinatiou on our |K>iitieal 
relations with the Chinese Knipire and the development of 
trade and comnieree, but these hmhI not lie hero en uinorate<l. 
They can all be procured at Messrs. Spottiswoode's. 



EECENT EXCAVATIONS IN CRETE. 



" ' 'viva " is ill a s|M'clal sense lH>comiii;j a reality 

<rf g"' ' to the growing world which loves Hellenism and 

all its ways. .Mr. Arthur Kviins, the Kee|K'r of the new 
AsbinoIe:in at Oxford, has recently di'serilH?d to the Hellenic 
.Soiriety his re<'ent excavations in that now tramiuil island. Not 
tbt; least r«>inarkable feature of his diH(!overies lies in the vivid 
colouring displaye*! on the walls and reliefs which he has 
rewuf-d from the dust of |>erhaps some thirty-three O'ntiirii-s. 
This valuable addition to the evidence denionslniliiig the colour- 
treatment of (Jreek an'hile«'tnro even in its origins received a 
pointed emphasis from Sir W. Riclimoiid, U.A., who ut oiicc« 
ollermt his iienonal wrvices ii|>on the island lor next autumn. 
The 8o<-iety is generously subsidizing Mr. Kvaiis' own zealous 
arid generous lalK>nrs, and their work, aiKirt frotii accomplished 
facts, may prove of prime value in this bninch of science. 

,Mr. Kvans, |>artly no doubt by rr>asonof the Mwurity brought 
to unhappy Crete by Britain and the other Powers, has bet>n 

able to succ<-ed where Sclili aim an<l Dr. Dorpfeld have failinl. 

Anxious to dig out the civili/.atinn to which M-rtain gems he had 
found could Im- allribute<l, he attacked the hill of Kepliala, lying 
to the «>uth of the historic town of Kiios<m, while Mr. Hogarth, 
of the British Sch.K.I of .\reliieo|ogy in .\tlieiiK, made parallel 
**^ under Mount Dicte. Put shortly, the result has 

'** . '«"■ a " MyeenH-an " Palace, the site jirobably of 

tbn court of •• King Minos " ; the extensive and highly de<-orat<>d 
.iiiff of buildings at pre««Mit uncovereil U^long clearly to the 
.•mean" .tge (say 1400-1100 ii.c). The fn-sc-oes are as 

> 'K IS and, in |)arts, as fn-sh as thr>se of PomiH-ii which they 

may anlici|jate by fourteen centuries*. Mr. Kvaiis des<TilM-d a 
J^" '• area (" pcrh/ip* the original dancing ground of 

-^ '■ (firt with vast gy|>sum blocks, and entere<l by a 

«loublc d«orw*y. Here, as well as in a great corridor running 



round the edge of ilie terrace excavaltHi, \vei-<' found well-kept 
fragments of fresco work-~c.(/., pieces of a great bull (the 
Minot.iiir?) and of life-siKed hiiinan llgiires; one of the latter 
wears an armlet in which was M.<t an agate g«>ui like those 
previously found. ThoM> inlerestcil in classical architecture and 
its early forms will (when plans and photographs are published) 
notice with interest a large system of maga/.ines and galleri(*s 
which (III a great part of the plateau, and which everywhere 
show signs of som<> vast catastrophe, since the <la»e of which the 
site has evidently been undistiirlH-d. 

But woiiiler will be cliielly roused al the building in the north- 
east corner, wliii-li Mr. Kvans slyle<l " The Throne Koom." Hero 
the fresc(M>s have li<>eii found particularly lirilliant ; a river with 
llsh, Wiiter-plants, ile<M>rativ<> grillins and the like are to bo seen, 
but also crowds, literally, of men and women ; the latter, whoare 
seen in niiimate<l conversation, are gaily dres^eil and exhibit the 
most elal>onite coiffure* of one uniforni and therefore presumalily 
fashionable kind ! These |>aiiitiiigs aii|Hnir also in an ante-room 
and in the women's quarters, which Mr. Kvans felt justified in 
styling " harem," by reason of the fair white complexions of tho 
ladies in contrast with those of the men. In the throne room 
itself wei-c I'onnd part of a shrine, like one fonnil by Schliemniin 
at Mycenie, and a remarkable carv<'d throne of gypsum, exhibit- 
ing " criH'kels " and oilier " got hie " detail I In the " harem," 
too, there came to light the head and other pieces of a great 
bull of painted iji-xso i/iii-o, decorative work of this kind having 
evidi-ntly formed a feature of the palace. 

These remains in themselves will prove an admirable illustra- 
tion of the social life of tho tsarly Ciretrk world describe<l in tho 
Hcmieric ikkmiis ; but much new light, we may well guess, will bo 
thrown by the interpret at ion of (he new "alphalM't" of seventy 
•lillerent characters or syllables, u copious Mipply of which has 
be<?n found in the course of the excavations. They are likely to 
M|>ell out an iiuligenoiis and primitive form of t'relan (ireek and 
should tell us news of tliiscivillzalion of thirtyand more centuricH 
ago, of the rclalivo height of which the biiildiiigs alone are sutll- 
cient indicaliuns. Both .Mr. Kvans aiul his lollow-workers and tho 
Society are to be congratulate<l U|kiii the present results of their 
lalxMirs, which redound grejitly to the credit of British archico- 
logical reseai-eh. 



THE DRAMA. 



" LES THlLv\TRBS DB LA FOIRB." 

Meeting .Mr. H. I). Traill only a wi-ek or two iK'fore iiis 
ileath I couiplaiiieil to him that Inioks of theatrical gossip, of 
which a particularly tiresoim' s|M-cimeii had just tlu-n ap|KMre<l, 
were as dull as entomological i-ecords. He n'plied, with a sly 
smile, " ,\re (hey not very <if(eii (he saim- (hiiig?" The M-mark 
was just. When .IoIiiimiu was asked to compni'e themi'ritsof 
two minor |MM'ts, he said, " Sir. I cannot pretend l<i disdiignish 
between a louse and a Ilea." The disdnction ImMwismi this and 
that small ac(4>r of a past generation sih'iiis (H|iially minute and 
futile. Whether it was Hart or .Mohun, Ouiii or Mussop, who 
played this or that part in this 4ir that way, who cares 'i What 
diMjs it matter to " the griMt mundane inoveinent ? " Yet 
c|uestions of that sort are the staple of oiir theatri<-al memoirs. 
We have ixi history on aiiylhing like a scientillc liasis of the 
stage as an organism, showing the causal n-lationsliips of things, 
giving a rational account of its gitiwdi, determining the law of 
its evolii(i<ui. And the history of the li(*>rary (Iraiiia is studied 
in the printed page, without reference (o the variations in the 
mechanical conditions of the playhouso which have influenceil 
its form ; that is to say, it is wrongly sluilied. Thus a re<;ent 
e<Utor of Congreve aecounlt^d for the dficoiisK of his plots and 
other |M>cnliarititts n|Miii some faiHasdc thistry of a purely 
literary kind, without apparently the sligh(<>st suspicion (hat 
the explanation was really to bo sought in the incchaiiieal 
disposition of the Itostoratiou Theatre. I hav<3 seen a b<N)k, 
iis4h1, I lM-liev<', by iniiiM-eiit sch'N)liiiaslers, wherein Sliake- 
s|>oare's plots are dealt with in the same misleading way, wiili 



July 21, 1000.] 



LITERATURE. 



flicir Ntnii'tiirnI pcciilijirllli's rxplalniMl liy thi' Irxl nlniu'. NoJ, 

II hint tluit (ho iiiTiiiiKciinMits iif thi' KII'/.alM>lhaii |iluyh»uM< woro 
onnoorni'il ill the iiiiittor. if wo hail glvon lo our own w«'nlo 
hlHtiiry Olio titho iif tho Ntiuly l>OHtou-oil liy (ionimii M'holnnt on 
tho Hthioturul |R'<«(ilIarIti«'H of tho <irf4>k th«si»r«i ulmurtlllloH ..f 
thin kimi would havo Imnmi iin|Hm-iil*lo. 

Tho Ki-oiich an- far ahoail i>r Id lioro. Thoy hnvo priMliioocI 
iiiiiiiinoralilo iiioiiiiKra|ihs ih>nliii(; liitolll;;ontty with thoir vnrioiin 
(Iraiiiati)' M|)o<-ioM an coiiilltioiioU hy tho vui-yiii); (■iri-iiiiiMtniiooM 
of thoir |iros4'iituti<iii. Hiioh n iiioiiii;;ra|ih Ih " I>^ Thi'-Alrt-M ilo 

III Foiro," hy M. Muurioc AJlH^rt (PariM, llnuhotto), n is>in|iiic-l 
littlo iMMik KiviiiK tlio hiMtory of tho thoiitnm which, botwiwii 
l(MH) mill tho Kovoliitioii, ((row ii|) oiitHido tho orlhiMlox CoiixWIio 
KraiivaiNO anil Aonih'-iiiio ilo Miisii|uo, HiicooKHfiilly rnuglit thoir 
priviloftoil rivals, anil in tho courso of llio W^Ul ih>volii|HMl now 
forms of Ihontrioal art. Novor was nooossity a iimro pn>lifli' 
motlior of iiivontioii. Tho tiniiMorH, iMpo-ilanoors, " Htronj; 
men," conjurors, liallail siiipiors, and drolls who had Ion;; onlor- 
raiiiod tho i-rowil at tho two ;;roat Paris fairs- that of St. 
<iormain on tho loft hand of tho Soiiio, and that of St. Lnuront 
on tho rijtlit — found in mid-M>vciitooiilli century thoir entertain- 
iiiiMit iiioi-c iMipnIar when thrown into a ilraiiutic fmnMnvork. 
Gradually tho draiiintic camo to pro|M>ndorat(> over what wo 
should now call the " variety " olomont, till tho eiitortalniiioiits 
at tho fairs wore to all intents and piir|KiHos staj;e-plnys. This 
dovolopmenf, as a harofaeoil iiifriii;;oiiiont of tho exeUisivo 
privilop> hold Ity the " Coim'-dii'iis dii Koi," led to protest and 
for a time to the elosun> of the nnlicoiised iMioths. But the 
demand for drama, for a connoetod story more or less an 
imitation of life, proved in tho end too strong fi>r privilo^fo. 
If the Court had its theatre, tho crowd insisted on having 
its tlioatns too. .\nd tho history of tho century (say, 1(18(1 
to 1780) is a liistory of tho iilgonloiis devices l»y which 
tho prohibitions against stage-plays outside the Court were 
ovado<l and ultimately set at naught. A play is in oss<<nco 
continuous action carried on liy dialogue. Dialogue l»«>ing 
forliidilen to the unlicoiis*><l players they adopted inonologiie, 
and for continuous action they siilistituteil a sories of scenes, each 
purporting to Im> complete in itself. Deprived of " cuiuulative 
intoivst," thoy wei-o driven to give each scene an interest of 
its own liy amplifying tho stage " liiisinoss " and s|M^ctacle. 
Hence the liirtli of a fn-er, iiior«> nexililo, niori' various fonu of 
ili-ama than that of oHIumIon comedy, tragi-dy, and fa n-o ; 
vaudeville, lMirlesi|uo, pantoiiiinio, " n-vue," camo into lieiiig. 
Asi to the monologues, they won- only dialogues under another 
name. The s|ioaklng actor addroMsoil mute llgnres, and then 
delivered their replies for them. Or speaking actor .\ would 
leave tho stage, to he sui-ct'odiHl hy another speaking actor B ; 
.V and B lioiiig thus in reality interlmMitoi-s. Tliereii|Miii 
outraged authority coiiilemiied the actiirs to silence. Not to 
he Ilea ten, the playei-s took to miming their parts, while wrolls 
of dialogue, in nijiid succession, wen> held alxive their heads. 
And they had the lu<-k to i-nlist some |M'culiarly aide writers on 
their side- notalily, Losage, PiiMii and Kavart. Thoy had many 
lips and downs- all to Ik- found nieticiilously but not tediously 
recorded hy M. Albert- and in the end they triumphantly 
vliiilicated their right to play what they pleased, wlier*' thoy 
pleased, and how they pleas<>d. The vindication of their right is 
an interesting historical fact ; what is nion- !m|>ortant is tlu-ir 
invention, in tho coiii-so of this Yindication, of new forms of 
theatrical art. 

Something of the sort might Im- traced by the curious in 
the history of the Knglish stagi\ We. t<s), had our unlic<'ns.'il 
players tight ing and nltiniatoly overcoming tho i»rivileg»'s of the 
old Patent Housi-s. But with us the story is not so signillcant ; 
partly, no doubt, lH>canse our iiiilieensed jilayors never had their 
Li>sa_go, and so never produced anything which eoulil count as 
litoratniH", but still more, I think, Ixvause, if I may s|>eak like 
tho electricians, our dramatic " |iolential " Wiis lower. Nothing 
is mori' remarkable in the story of these Kwiicli Uxith-t heat res 
than the iiorsistent energy of the dramatie idea, the tendency 
of every kind of entort«inment to take ou, as far as it could, 



tho form of a |iUy, m atory In iIUi 

(Imnw \%vn< tho mvwiwdtjr nf a Kr< ' i 

wor«i iiKirw roiilent to iaki> o\. 

HM-ri'ly for »li ' i 

that, while I 

uclors, Kiigluiiil lu'. ,,i, ihi< •.!; 

.\nd that has Ihs-m inie f.-r nt I. 

ImiIiiIh out that " it i> 

and her philowiphen ui" 

■•ightoenth i-oiiiiiry. It Is ulw> h<-r |>i'i 

and clowns." .ViH>th(>r isintmst : th. ...- 

do la folm " N. rini|chly, ibo ■torjr of •• nu<itvlMlt ar 

(akiiifc to tho Rtriilar iitngt* ; wh<<r<>a« It-' 

nliout tho L<iiiilon ntafCi' lonliiy U t|M« i 
ri'gnlar drntnatlc artii|)i arr^ ukiiig to the i 



45 



;h>b 



UJvl.KY. 



IRcvicws. 



WATEBLOO. 

Thk Campak.n or 181.'). By W. O'CoNxon Moniii*. (C.nmt 
Kichardii, 1? i 

The Literature of WatorliNi « iio» t.i ;;r..w ; f..iif cr 

Ave giKsl Kiigli->li and Krem-h iiarnttiv<n> <■( •<! 
have come to light during the I.ihi Um- n,.,,.. 
long-supproHxed iliary 1% the 

original authorities, tho uiili 

I»€»st French couniu-ntary on tli> 

|M>ar(!4l — the ■' 1815 " of M. Hem. •>!>. wm. 

d<M>H not attain to complolo iiii{' s • far ' 

approach to thai idoul than any < 

Channel. Wo liuvii now to no' 

endeavours to suin up 

ten years very iiiui'h on i 

•liidgo O'Connor Morris i^ in |> 

tion ; it is cli-.ir, n-adable, and iiH' 

iiii|iortaiit Knglish siiurci>s, and ha« 

French autlioritii-N than any of h\- 

fnmi our side. .M. Houwuiyo'v 

holiMil him in this finint ; a ishin...- 

materials for history havo iM-aiHiie i 

author diwovurcd them. The n ' 

aci|naiiit hiiiiHeif with thf> main I 

by reading a single IsHik will (or t 

.Morris lor his instruction ; hi- 

Ifois's, l)ors<>y (ianlnor, II 

Knglish narrator of the pi>-«< 

|>oints u|>oii which sonii' 

incliniil to think that, m 

estimating Wellington'i) anil oven 

But ovi-ry writi-r is ontitleii to hi-. • ijr 

niastonil all the available eviilonrt*, aiul this il <*ann»t Im 
donieil that Juilgo Morris has lioiie. 

The main ol>JiH-tioii which is mnilo lo WellinKinn'* ■tralt'Cy 
is foiiiidisl on his ill iii.ido on f " ' 

of (^iiatn- Bras anil I i tht- !•<■ 

Following M. Hoii-.>,i_M', .liidgi- .Mi'i 
commaiider ornsl gravely in "••( . 
eastwaril the moment that tli> ' 
ilir«M-tioii of Cliarleis>l. The v 
hours, Wellington, it is nllegtil, 

iiMirning of .lime l."», tho onb-r« U>  I 

(^iiatro Bnis, \vhii-h,as a matter of fact, 
uiiilniglit. X can-ful oxauiiiiution of the >..- 
that his ilolay was just ilia ble. A Krnpnil 
re|)i>rt« s«-iit to him (roin his out|)OBtii ; lie i> hm- hi> : 
playi'r wniling for the infomiatioa dnltsl mit In I 
niiipiro. Till h<> has a clear indication of t1 ' 
must act «> as to In- able to (ace any one of • 
iiH'ilts of tho game, Nov\ on Jiiuc 15 it u^a kuuMU that. Lbs 



46 



LITERATURE. 



[July 21, 1900. 



KtCtirh ««•«• iH>t fur frmn tin* fr«>i>ti<'r in tlu> dlr<M'tion of thp 
8miI>n>. Tli>-r>* vti-r«> tux> fn>iitK on iMtli<>r (nr Im>iIi) of wliioli 
Xapoleon'K Bitark iiiieht Im- (li-livi-rtHi. On th<> KiikIihK fmnt 
Domh(>rir with ono (ionnan and four UolKinn «>avalr.v reftiuioiics 
vr»s watt'hinR tho frontier fr<»ni Tonrnny to Bineht' : on tho 
Prnstiian tho division of Stoinnu-t/. lay tou<<hini; l)<»rnlM'rK'!< 
left, and «<xt»«ndinK as far as Mnrcliicnmvi ; iM-yond liiin, 
oaKtvrard. lay nnotlirr Prnssian division — that of Pirc-li, from 
CharloMM to fliAti-lol. Till WflliiiKton kni-w wlilrli of thrso 
UutM) iMVtioii* of tin- B«'li{ian fninru-r was assailod hi' ponld not 
nukke a divi»iv<> nMivc. fnfortnnatoly for him, ho was vt-ry liadly 
aer^-od, l>oth liy lii« own hrifrailior and liy his allies. Kirly in 
the ilay both tin- Prnftsian divisions wvro furiously atlaoktHl by 
nnmrrou)! Fronrb columns advancing on every available rood. 
I>onil»orc's front, on the other hand, was not the least molested. 
But Wellinjrtoii r»>»-eiv<sl no ni'wstill 3 in the afternoon, when he 
Kot a single dj-siiateh from Ziethen, to whom St«'inniet/.'s and 
Pirx'h's divisions lM-lont;<'<l. to the effeet that he was heavily 
awailetl by the enemy. The KiiKlish eomnmnder r<'fns«>d to move 
his whole anny till he had nioii- information, anil nion- «>s|)i'eially 
till Im> should bax-e heard from T)ornl>erfr what was {foinR on in 
front of Mons. It was not till at night that he learnt from 
that oflleer that all was quiet in his dirertiim ; al>out the samn 
hour ho reeeivMl a seoond Prussian despat<'h, in which Bliirher 
told him how Ziethen's corps had lie<>n chaswl and hnrricnl nil 
day by the advanciiifr columns of Xa|Hilei>n. HavinR at last 
the ne<'ess:iry i(otn in his hands, Wellington issued orders for the 
march at dawii on Qiiatre Bras — the correct move, but one which 
would have Imimi more effivtive if it had Inx^n made iM'fore noon 
on the loth instead of at 4 a.m. on the Kith .Inno. With our 
pr<«iont knowledge of what had Imh^u happening nil through the 
long snnnner day we can see that the whole French plan of cam- 
psifni would have l>een frustrated if the .\nglo-Dutch army h.id 
b«^n to concentnite eighteen honrs earlier. But Wellington 
wra.s dependent on his informants, and they h.id faile<1 him. 
Ziethen should have sent him not one tardy aide-de-camp, but a 
string of messengers with hourly news. Dornberg, as the direct 
KulKirdinate of the Duke, was even more to blame. The moment 
that he heard the cannonade Itegiiining a mile or two to the east 
of his flank he should have commenced to hurry off news to his 
coronuknder. But Ziet hen's des|Kitc)i did not arrive till 4 in the 
afternoon, nor DornlM-rg's till 9 at night. Wellington had bi»en 
ill-treat«Hl by the chance of war and the stupidity of the generals 
at the out|>o»ts, nnd lost a day's march thereby. Now, when 
Napoleon HUffere*! in a similar way, as ho did more than once 
daring the campaign, all the blame is laid on his siibonlinnte — 
Xoy. D'Erlon. (Jnnichy, Soult, or whoever it may Ih>. It seems 
to us only fair that Wellington should l>e tri>iiteil in the Hnnio 
fashion. His adveiiwry i-ertainly committed one fault far more 
serions than any made on the Knglishside — the inexplicable halt 
of eight hours which he made on the morning of .Iiine 17, during 
which he lost all the advantages that he hail won at Ligny. 
Nor can this halt Ite ascrilMnl entin'ly to physical ill-health, as 
Jndge Morris would wish ; the Emperor was well enough to ride 
all round the field of Ligny, nnd to engnge in a long and 
nnneeewsiry conversiition im Parisian |>olitics with his stall when 
he Mhonid have Imh-u nuirehing hard on Quatrc> Bras with all his 
re«er^"eii at his Iwick. 

In his rriticinm of the details of thn aetuni flghting .fudge 
Morris sei-ms to as ver>° sound. He ex|Mises si>verul mistakes of 
M. HiMiiMaye. notably his ort-rstatenient of the elT<<ct on tho 
Knclish wiuareM of Ney's gieat cavalry eharges at Qnatre Bras 
and his allegation that Na|Mi|is)n presaeil liaril on the retii-ating 
Knglish lN-tw«s>n (Qnatre Bras and (ii-napiie on the 17th. The 
li»t of casualties — nniler l'M> ummi —shows that the pursuit can 
not have U-en very iles|>erate. We have only found one |H>int 
wherfw»» should pM-fer to »ei'<-pt M. Honsssiyo'sstaK'nienl r:ilh«'r 
than .ludge Morris' correetion of it — viz., tin- view that I^i 
Ha.ve Kaint4' fell into tlM- liaiids of the French at fl rather than at 
4 n'cliH-k on I lie afternoon of the IHth of June. Tho hnlancu of 
pvidene*-, vnp tliink, is eUnrl.v In favrmr of the Inter hour. A 
innre nmlcMilit<'<l slip is the assertion, on' p. 83, that the (ienvral 



Steinmeti who commanded one of Ziclhen's divisions was tho 
same olllcer who sorve<l at S|H'icliei-en and tJravelotle in 1870. 
They were, we iK'lieve, uncle and nephew ; tJie illvisinnal general 
of 1815 would hnvc Invn 1U-' if he had burvivod till 187U ; tho 
Stcinnietz of Speichcren v\ii» only aeventy-four. 



SANSKRIT LITERATURE. 

A HisTonv OK Saxhkrit Litkratl'ri:, by AiiTHt'R A. Mackonfll, 
B<Mb>n Pnifi'ssor of Sanskrit and Fellow of Btilliol. (Heine- 
niann, (h.) 

Befon' this volume was published there existed no history of 
Sanskrit literature as a whole in Knglish. Pisifessor Max Milller 
ilealt only with the Vedic |H>riiHl, and his book has long been 
out of i)rint. Considering the intense interest Itelonging to tho 
oldest Aryan jioetry, and ri'inemlM-ring the liideratignblo 
lal>ours of Max Miiller himself in intrcHliicing Sanskrit resMirch 
to English ii-aders, this iledciency is not a littli- surprising. 
But one is apt to forget how very miMlein tlie study of Sanskrit 
really is. Tho lM>ginniiig of the systematic study of ancient 
Indian literature dates very little further '.lack than Cliampollion's 
llrst discoveries in Egyptian hieroglyphics. Warren Hastings, 
whose priHligious services to India are onl.v now beginning to be 
ado<iuately appreciated, Rave the first impulse by onloring a 
digest of ancient Indian law to l>e drawn up by certain 
Brahmans and to l)e translated into Persian and English. This 
was in 1770. That extraordinarily brilliant Orientalist Sir 
William .lonos, who ci-owded such original and |)roli(lc energy 
into a life that did not attain fifty years, printed a Sanskrit 
text for the llrst time in 1HY2, Then came the solid, judicious, 
comprehensive works of H. T. Colebrooke.and after him Sanskrit 
lioenmo tho study not of Englishmen only, but of Contincntnl 
scholni"s. Schlegel intrmlnceil the comparative inethwl, followed 
up by Bopp, Kuhn, nnd Max Miiller ; and Koth, after )>ul)lishing 
his inspiring essay on the " Literature nnd History of tho 
VmIb " in 184(1, conibine«l with Bi'ihtlingk to priHlnce their monu- 
mental Sanski'it-Gerumn dictionary (7 vols., 18.")'2-75), which is 
l)erhaps the most perfect lexicon hithi-rto completed of any 
language. It is se<'ii how very miKlern the development of 
Sanskrit interpretation is. Anil when wo ivmi'nil»er that the 
bulk of thesis ancient Indian writings exci'ods that of classical 
Greece and Koine put together, that the language is dilllcult 
enough to daunt all but resolute students, and that, in spite o( 
the wide range, tho dilllculty, and the small numlier of Sanskrit 
scholars, almost the whole of this large literature has l»eeu 
edited, and the greater part tninslatiil, liy competent 
authorities, we must admit that theii,> is no giinind for coiupluin- 
ing of tlu' energy or the |H'i-M.'verance of Sanskrit sdidents. 

The work of the jjioni-i-r, editor, and collector is now almost 
completed, and the task of the encyclopn*dist and synthesist 
l>egins. A comjirehensive view of the itwults of all Sanskrit 
res4>arch is nnri- iHting pi-es«-nte<l l>y alM)Ut thirty s|H'cialists of 
various nations in the gr«'at " Encyclo|uedia of Indo-Arynn 
Hesi-arch," eilitwl llrst by the lat<i Dr. Biililer and now b.v 
Professor Kielhorn. .\nd in a mini- limited Held Professor 
Macdonell. of Oxford, has just collected in a convenient volume 
the chief ri'snlts of a century's investigation of the history anil 
charact«'ristii-s of Sanskrit liler.ituri'. So clear and thoj-ough an 
ex|>osition of the subject should attract more stndenis to what is 
one of the uiost fascinating studies in the worlil. Professor 
Macdonell maintnins rightly that " nniong nil the ancient 
literatiir<>s that of India is uinlonbti'dly in intrinsic value nnd 
lesthetic merit wconil only to that of Greece." Indi-ed, as a 
diK-nment in the histor.v of human evolution. 

Its earliest |)eri<Kl, In-iiig much older than any product of 
Greek literature, presj-nts a nion- ))riinilive form of belief, and 
t lierefoii- givi-s a dearer pictun- of the development of religious 
ideas than any other lil4-niry monument of the wurlil. Hence 
it conn's Hint, just ns tho discovei-y of the Sanskrit language led 
to the foundation of the science of Comparative Philology, an. 



July L'l, 1900,] 



LITi:i;\TIIMv 



I 



nri|li:iiiilatiC0 with tho li tern til  ol the XimIms I'l'Mii ifi. 

foiiiulatioii of Hip wIpiico of Coiiipanitivii Mylliolo(fy. 
Ah cvpi-y oiio knows, n>li|;ioii niiil |iliiloso|>liy I; \ •> 

t>xor<'isi>(l II Hii|ir(<iiu> iitlrtiction for thi> Indian inliiil. '>i .n. 

HO linril to atliiin In our iiio<l<>rn liiiNy lifo, wiim llif iiiniii cmtiiihi- 
tion 1111(1 (li'li^lit of liniidrifN of llioiiHanils of tli<> rlwi-llorv in llu' 
vast forest NolitinloN of Indiii, wIhtc tin- Ntrii(;(;l<- for lifi- ««« 
Hiniplilloil hy frnifiil lialiitw iinil tli« lM>iiiity of imtiiro. Ili>iif« 
Indinn litoriiliirc is doininiiiitly r<>llt;loiiN iind pliilonoplilrnl, (iiid 
to what lioljriits and depths of s|>rH-(dalion fht'sc iniciont philoso- 
phors nttaiiifd those who road Professor Ma \ M filler's sl(eteh<"> 
of the " Six Systems " ar«> nwar<>. Soienee, tiiatlieiiialies, law, 
iiiedioiiie, K>''><i><nJir, nil have their plaee in Sanskrit writlnpt 
the Krcal<>st lack Is in history- hut none eaii eoiiipare In iiii|)orl- 
Hiico or orlKiiialily of treatment with the evolution of rollKion 
lind metaphysics. 

Originality is the llrst chai^K-leristir of aiiri '"•• ..;-i. >... 

rould add niCHlern) Imliaii tliotiKht. 

Naturally isolatiMl liy Its {;i(r:intii- moiintairi li.inifi- mi IIh- 
north, the Indian |MMiinsiiln has <<ver sinee the Aryan invaiion 
formed a world apart, over which a unique form of Aryan clvili/ji- 
tioii rapidly spread and has ever sin<-e prevailed. When t lie 
Greeks, towards the end of the fourth century H.c, invaded 
tho North-West, the Tmlians had already fully \vorke<l out a 
national enltiii-e of th(>ir own, nnaffeeted by foreign intliicne«'s. 
And, In spite of siicppssive waves of liivaHion and eonquesl 
by Persians, Grc'ok.s, Scythians, Mahomedans, tlio national 
dovelopinent of the life and literatur<> of the Indo-Aryan race 
remained praotieally nncheoked and iinmodilli'd from without 
down to the era of British occupation. No oth«'r hranrh of the 
Ind()-Knro|K'aii stock has e\p«>rienced an isolated «'Volntioii 
like this. No other country, except China, can trac«' liaok its 
lanfrnafc' and literature. Its reli;;ious liellefs and rites, its 
tlomestic and social customs, throu;;han uninterrupted devplop- 
inent of more than three thousand years. 

This is, of course, jterfeptly true. Sanskrit is still (he tongue 
of the learned Brahiuans as it was iti the days of Alcxnndpr the 
Oroat. The \'edas «!•<• still pommitted to memory as they were 
at the ejioch of the Trojan War. The same Vishnu who was 
\vor8hippe<l a thousaiHl or perliaps two thousand- years iM'fore 
Christ is still adon-d all over India. The mo«leni Hindu Is 
married with the same o'lMMiionies as his ancestor of the a(;e of 
Pericles. Never was there so pontinuons and «nchanf;«Hl a 
national life. The liistory and jc"^^*'"' "f •••<" wrItiiiKs which 
embody this life the thouKht and <-ivill7.at ion of India ar«> s«>l 
forth with much perspicacity in Pi-ofi-ssor Macdonell's valuable 
work. It is a book for the student ratlicrthan thepcnenil r«>ader. 
who will tliid it somewhat techuieal, thoiif;h i-ven the uninltiateil 
eanuot fall to bo interp»tp<l in th(> chapters on the Vetlir Ap*-, 
tho fii)j:ve<la, the Epics, and Fain,' Tales. These art" sniijpots 
already familiar to all readers of )iopiilar books on mytliolojry 
and early ivlif;ion, thoiiKh the writer is able in many caM's to 
<'ast fn'sh lij];lit or put old ideas in new and instructive forms. 
To the systematic student the Isiok will l>e of the greatest use, 
first as a comprehensive and consecutive survey of th<' whole 
.subject of Sanskrit literature, and, secondly, as an iuvalnabic 
fcuide to the liiblioj^raph.v. What he cannot fully understand in 
tho text he will be able to follow up in the ample bibliographical 
notes which form an im|)Orlant and nieritorious feature in the 
series to which the volume belonjp*. We coiif;ratnlatp the Bo«leii 
Professor on a very real service to Indian studies, perfonneil 
with learning, skill, and coiiiniendablp fairness toothers' labours. 



OTHER NEW BOOKS. 



side Lifrbts on Old Ppanoe. 

SiDK l.K.iiis ON 1111: Hkicn ok Tkruok. iHMUfc the Memoirs 
ot Mademoiselle des l-A'horolles, translated from the Frt'nch by 
Mario Clolhilde Bjilfour (Lano. 12s. (kl.), are authentic memoirs, 
adinirabl.v translated, and handsomely brought out. Their author. 
Mile, des Rcherolles, was but fourteen when the Revolution burst. 



I li- I 

he h 

 •■^s tta* •riuol. I 

giiill' npiti- of the .:. ., . . 

whirh tho phild made (■• olifain a i 

thii> deaU wllh th« old ■>• -• •  —  

wroiiK.wrf<aketl iimmlly m 

lN>fore, and yet whi, ' 

side lights. Us |Ih> i 

Very humorous i» tlM> whole ai < 
PoiLsiii of des |>;ctMTolle<i, hIhi u8«'nil tilt 
the exeeuliiin <■( ber aunt, anil «hili< b< 

liidinfc. Mile. Molon wa» < ,....i... 

fortiiiH.', and Iht liabitii mud ' 

rrgimr. SIhi reftiwHl to ino 

I'lideavoiirtMl, iiitk^otl, to inalo 

aiui> with Imt capr 

ill the lioiisi- in i. 

She was mil a Ik'huiiIuI old bult , ' 

crim|>ed and drt-swl lii;;(i r,u the lop . 

a bilge fiirehiniil, I realili'ii' 

wide o|>en nostrils, •  liaiids ;<: 

little askew. However, Huch as sbe ww, klx'. 

and lier money. appi-an>d bighly d«<«iralilo |x.-- -- 

oertain iMmsaiit, who, ealliuK oim< daf wIm-ii nhc wan at ill 
asked to se«' h«'r without (lelay : — 

Mile. Melon sent wor<l thai »be wmiW r«««^vp Mtn 
but once ill her pn'sciirc Ihc iiuin. vt 
barrassineiit or stupidity, eould nut \' 
the objtH-t of his visit. After lieitig i lolil In > - 

out, he at last tof>k r<iiirag«> : " ^'^^ - - am a" <-' 

he said, " I have c«>ine to * r, ' yoo." 

you mean ?" retuni*Hl Mile. Mt-i "■..■ '■■-' — ■• 

" I say that now we are all free to i 
put you in retinisitioii." •• And what dtw ' 
asktnl, somewhat im|«ti>>titly. " Why. it tv 
must marry nie !"* (The* tranalalor '• " 
several d<<|iartinents the .l!i«il>in« I 
such niarriapes.) To ' 
sei74- her cane and lei 
ing land astonislu-d) 
stepped iKiek. but sli. 

to ninrry me T Ah, ah I here Is a wwiiiing for 
this, and this, and thin. . . !" The •"■" 
wards, utterly Mtn|ielle<l by this n 
CUoyrnttf ! I thought -" " Ah, I am a < >f 
I ? Wait a little, wail a little. Thut'n lot t 
. . . Hen- he fairly i. ' 
sinipli* Im'U." Mile. M' 

But what a delightful s«>eiie. straight (mm 
the dull-witted |M-asant, full of ciiiii<i;t v Imi mom •• 
the ox lie drove, and the ugly, p •■, oW w ' 

lady, who, doubtltvw, in her youll, ..  ^■-■"' 

he being dogged to iSt^ath for trifling • 

to warm his seigneur's chilled feet, i iic wn m- 

Kevolntion lies In a pmp«'r appreeialiiHi of ihe  

iH'twiS'll llle-e two. 



Two Epooh-makcra. 

Mr. F. J. Snell's eontribniioii to 
Makers " — Wehlet and M — - "^ 

a picture, ably drawn. • 
life, for it si. i 
and over the 
rather as the !>«>■ 
would have done 
fully into the con 
previous history in : 
gives us instead a good deal • 
luent in which ingenuity is <k.i; 



The World', t 
T. Clark. ' 
-ley. Il I 



41 



LITERATURE. 



[July 21, 1900. 



M in Um tUaouwkMi ot thm Metbodtet vi«« of eurtUy pl«UHreH. 
Mr. SmsII illiwtntoit thla by » lone qnoutlon from M. Max 
O'Satl's MJeouiit of RcnanV |thilnsi%|>liy of lifo, uiul coininitK liiio- 
nell t« thm sUtwawttl tliiit ihwuKli tlu-re Y.t\vii» a k"" lx-*>^^'<'*-''> 
Wcvlay and Keuui, >-ot betiweett Itenau and th<> MviJioUiMin of 
today " tkm« exisU no ■nUHpmlim outsitle tlit^>liiK.v." Mr. 
Snell's r«tieM«b to not uoaiineiidtMl to iin by his acouuiit of the 
twunesion botiroen th«» Wesloys and I lit- Wcllt-sloyi*. H«' lolls \\s 
tkat a Mr. Garr«<tt \Vt>sley, ul (li)> Irisb faiuily, wim williiiK lu 
adopt Charles \Vo»l«<y, who dccliiiiHl the offer, .\fterx\-iirds Mr. 
U'^oil^^y •• choHP in his Ht«-ad a iwion of the hoiiMJ of C'i>lley and a 
relation of his own," who aflt-TwariN l>o<-iinie " Barron 
■n." .\s a niatt«>r of fact LomI Morninglon siie<-<f<led 
lo ttie •••.t;Ue-. of Garrett Wesley, who w.is his eonMiii, and die<l 
wiihout issue. In his old age Charles Wesley beeauie a friend 
of the second Lord MoniiiiKton. There is not much in the way 
of relBt!on»hip in all this, tboiiKh Mr. Snell s.-»ys " even this 
coincidence does not exhaust the network of relationshi|>8," 
and further adds a reference to the corrcs|>ondcnco betwo«ui 
.lohn Wesley and " a Mrs. Delany," who wsis L<ird Mornington's 
godmotlier. The real coincidences wt>ro (|uite different. There 
aeMDS to have tK<«>n no original connexion iK-lw-t-en the Devon- 
-liiri- f.Tmily of Wcsiley from which spning .lohn Wesley, and the 
In-li family of Welli'sley or Wesley, of Dan(ri», which in the 
early part of the eighteenth century merg*"*! into the f.imily 
'4 Colley, of Oarbury. The llrst Colley-WelU>sley was the 
Duke of Wellington's grandfather. By a curious coincidence, 
however, the Devonshire \\>stleys intennarried between liioO 
and 1620, first with the Wellesleys, and then with the Colleys, 
so that there was a link betwi>en the two families of W'esley — 
both of them spelt it so at various times — but not one that 
aeeoants for the similarity of name. We may add that Mr. 
8aeirs book deserves praise for the knowledge it shows of 
Wedey's charncter and writings, and also for its style, which is 
thongfatful and interesting. 

It might well be thought that there is nothing new to Ih> 
said about Luther, os|>ecially in a little iMxtk such as Ll'th>:k 
AND THK Ukuman Kix-okmation, by Thomas M. Lindsay, 
I ' I '. (T. and T. (.'lark, lia.), which )M>longs to the same 
- as Mr. .Snell's l)Ook. But Dr. Lindsay, by address- 
• If particularly to tho task of showing the great 
I as he lived among the people of his day, has 

in writing a most interesting, fresh, and to some 
.M.iii. tiriginal book. He writes from a strongly Protestant 
poiDt of view, and in his discussion of doi'trinal questions 
— notably, tbe history of the doctrine of indulgenc<>s and 
the Eucharistic controversy Ijetween Luther and Zwingli- - 
he will certainly not win the approval of the majority of pro- 
fesse<I th<-olof;ians. He is a little iiidinc-d, t<K>, l<i go out of the 
way  his own opinions on d<M-triiial |>olnts ns if they 

wx'^rc I II when they differ from the accredited interpreta- 

tions of schools of which he is writing — thus in his chronological 
-iirnmary he static that in the English XXXIX. Articles the 

• I'Hirinea of Predestination and of the Lord's Supper are 
t'ajvinist— a view hard to reconcile with the teaching of 
Anglican divines or of Calvin himself. Ho is also frankly and 

• luaiiitly Scots, and sei'ms to write entirely for a northern 
.,i,,ii..nco. Certainly Knglish folk, and foreigners, will Ite 

f not by Mohra Ix-ingtmnslatt-d " Muirtown," at least 

irg being r«'iidered " (Sled's Tower," and by Luther's 

lieing made to say " My <-onscience is thirled to the Word of 

(>od." More curions still is the contrast that Dr. Lindsay is 

fond <rf drawing lietween " the Medieval Church " and the 

Church rrf other days. He repeatedly H|>caks strangely of the 

men of those timea as recognizing that they lielonged to tho 

*' Medieval Church " — as though one wrote of tho (Jrecks 

rvjoicing in tho consciousnesa of living in such or such » 

11.0. He dwells at length on the monastic life, forgetting 

• T cannot ncciirately be described as a monk at all. 

f cities the book is very pleasant reading, 

."I'l ''f genuine lalmur, and, on the whole, of 

aeearacy and of vivid portraiture. 



CrMnw«U. 

.Mr. I'irth's OUVKX CBO.MWKU. AND THE KtJUE OP THB PVBI- 
lA.ss IN Kni.UANU (HeriH's of the Nations, Putnam, 5s.), though 
the lust, is assuredly not the least of the M'ries o( biographies 
ealknl forth by the recent tercentenary. The author iH>s»esses 
Ml exhaustive an acquaintance with tho history of theperioti 
that his latest omtribiition to it has been waited for with much 
interest. He may lie congratulated im tho rttslraiiit and dis- 
)ias«ionateu<«s)i which he hns shown in this review of his hero's 
career. Without attempting to disguise his sympathy with tho 
Puritan cause and its leader, ho has avoided the biogiiipher's 
besetting sin of indiscrimiimtu eulogy ; and it his narrative iu 
some iKirticulars, as in thu account of Strafford's trial, is not 
exactly impartial, he is never bitter or dolilmrately unfair in 
judging the defeated party. 

Perha|>s the most disputable thesis maintained in the bmik 
is that Cromwell deserves to be honoured not only as a great 
soldier, but also as a great statesman. In proof of this Mr. 
Firth cites the many ordinances of the Protector, which were 
nearly all conllruietl by his second Parliament, and adds that " if 
Cromwell's reforniing zeal has loft no trace on the statute book 
the i-eason is that all the laws passed during the Pi-olcctorate 
were annulled at the llestoi-ation." We may fret^ly accept this 
explanation of the lack of |x»rmanence in Cromwell's work, 
and yc^t hesitate to credit him with any higher merit than that 
of a capable administrator. Even Mr. .1. U. (.Jretni, as fer\-ent 
an admirer as Mr. Firth, denies Cromwell's title to statesman- 
ship. It has been well said of Cromwell that "he was a successful 
governor prospectively and hy|X)thctically, not actually ; he 
masteriMl (he mechanism of government, but he could not get 
possession of men's hearts and minds." This, it might l)e urged, 
was his misfortune, not his fault; but the excuse will not serve. 
Mad he l>e<Mi a statesman, and not a fanatic, he would not have 
rcgardtnl himself as the minister of divine vengeance in the 
execution of the King, and in tho massacres of the rebel Irish. 
At the time, as inde«Hl ever since, he was regardinl as mainly 
i-e.siK)nsible for tho llrst of these grievous errors of policy ; and 
Mr. Firth's suggestions that even in Deceml>er, 1(V48, ho " doubted 
t he policy " of it and that he was " one of (he last of his party to 
lK>lievo in its necessity " stand in much need of proof. As to 
the second error, it is curious that Mr. Firth is entirely at issue 
with Mr. .John Morley in his article in the .June " Century." 
Mr. Firth says that the massacres succeeded for a time " as 
Cromwell hoiied, in saving further (>ffusion of lihxKl " ; Mr. 
Morley, we think with giK)d reason, iHjints to the ix'st of tho 
campaign as absolutely disproving this view. Cromwell could 
crush men ; he could not win them ; and it is surely the first 
i(uality of statesmanship to lead men's wills and not to force 
them. In the very able characterization of his hero in the 
" Epilogue " Mr. Firth himself supplies the reason for Crom- 
well's faihire, viz., that ho lacked i)alience ; he wanted to go 
too fast, and would not stop to weigh the results of his own 
action. .\ statesman would have foresin-n that by allowing the 
array to wreak its vengeance on the King he would ruin " the 
Cause " in the eyes of all miMlenite men, and leave no room 
for any but a personal government founded on uiilitarism. 
Cromwell's enemies have not s<!ldom averred that he foresaw the 
conse<|ucnccs to hims<>lf of getting the King out of tlii.> way ; his 
friends should rememlM>r that, in denying him this foresight, 
they thereby im|H.>ach his title to the higher statesmanship. 

Mr. Firth has given much att(M)tion to military questions 
connected with tho Civil War ; and in this work he publishes 
plans of the lights at Marston Moor, Naseby, Preston, Dunbar, 
and Worc«'sler, which, together with his own admirable descrip- 
tions, will be of the utmost help to students of the campaigns. 
There are also a numl^er of excellent illustrations, ini'liullng 
one of the roucb-discussod statue at Wcstiniustor. 

Bysantlum. 

A discursive essay on Btzantine HifrronY in trk Early 
Middle .\<iEii (Macmillan, 2s. (Id. n.), wide in scojie, furnished 
with references to the more obvious modern iMjoks on the 
subject, is Mr. Frederic liarrison'n contribution to tho dis- 



July 21, 1900.] 



LITERATURE. 



lindiiUhcd Horlen of Rode locturen. It may serve cxcoltcntly 

for itH ))iir|ioH<>, which Is to <lir<'«'t RiiKliNh M-holar» towurdt 
Miuio (k-taili-d wurk at thw rriii«fnl hintory of lli<- rn'W Uohm-. 
I'crhaim iiiti-iitioiially, Mr. Harrison Mefam to iiiiilfrvaliif the 
work Ihat huN Im><-ii doiiu ; in archil4-<-tiir<', for inntnni-*-, h«> 
liurdly diM'H Jiihlic<> to Ihv iiiv<-Hti|(utiuiiH of KiiKlinh wriU'rx, and 
h»- w-viiiN, ind<><-d, still to be iiiidt-r th« rule of l-VrKunoii. U-yoiid 
wliuui wo liuvo tr.iv<-lli-d far. Uiil h« in rorliiinly fully jUJ>tiHi-d 
vullinK allontioii to ih« fat't that " tli« lonriiinK •>■> tlio 
nneco-Uouiuii law Ix'twcvii .luntiiiiau and tliu 8c-btx>l of Bt>lt)(in» 
■< vutiroly coulliiod to foroign Huholurs . . . it Ih a viricin 
-'oU Uiat lioH t>pen to tUo ))Iouk1i of any inquirinK Ntudonl of 
law." Tho ciMktH of Leo HI. and CoUHlniitino V. and ilio unmt, 
It'gal Work of tlw BuKiliun dynasty would fully r«-|>ay that 
<'laboraU> invostiKalioii wliii'li llioy dt-niaiiil at, the hands of 
KuKJisli Ni'liolarM. In jjoint^ HU<-h as tliosf Mr. Harrison's iiidox 
liiiHi'r will do UHcfiil sH-rvico. Tlioro aro |>assii({«.H in his ItH'turo 
whii-li aro very <>liN|iu-ully f\|iri'ss»Hl, and llic Konoral idou 
(which is that Ioiik a^o )>ni|ihasi7.(><l by .Mr. Kr<>oinnn) is happily 
illUHlratod. Bui the skoU-h \h nt'cossarily tiNi sliKhl to l>o of 
-••rvioc to any liul b<.-K>>>>»''l*» i" historical inveHliication, and Uio 
Kites will \m> vhiofly iisoful bvcuuso they Nhoiild load to furlJior 
n'soarch. In the trcatuiont of tho Hul)ji>ct., which shows Mr. 
Harrison's familiar caso and litorary skill, two iwiintH only strike 
lis as unsatisfactory. Whilo tho (•xcollcnco of the administration 
is dw<>lt on with the nect-ssary force, hardly enon((h attention, 
^ve think, is |>iiid to the power of individual achiovenient in the 
iiaintenuiicc of the Kinpire ; and thus there is a losn of pn^iKir- 
lou in the historical prcsentiuciit as w<fll as in pictnres<|noness. 
V^aiu tho curious contrast that Mr. Harrison stHjins to desiro 
Id make between the Kasterii Churches and the re«t of Kurope 
ill relijjious matters is expressed in the title which ho always 
Ives to the Western Church, as it seems by contradistinction, of 
 the Church Catholic," a phrase which obscures the historical 
lelation between Kast and West, and unduly magnilles the 
:irli<'r history of the great Western patriarchate. 

Mr. Harrison in his conclusion do<'s not doubt that the 
civilixation of the new Home as compared with that of the West 
fivm the times of Charles and Otto was " a lower ty|K'," and 
" that n<>ither in State nor in Church, neither in policy nor in 
arms, in morals, in literature, or in art, did it in the sum o<|ual 
or even approach the Catholic Ketidalisro of the West." We 

• ■onfess that we think that in his own eloquent lecture he has 
himself refuted this view. 

Ouldv-books. 

Wi;rK-KNi)N IN Hopi..\Nl) (Homeland .Association, Is.) is the 
 Itle of the llrst of a new series of gn!de-l)ooks iiitonde<l appar- 

• iitly to instruct bicyclists who run out of town from Satunlny 
to Monday. It deals with the road to TunbridKc, and is small, 
:ind rounded at the corners so that it can readily l>e slippe*! into 

lie pocket. The text is satisfactory and so are tho pictiir<>s, 
.lioughwe do not know whether they were s|H?cially drawn for 
1 he book. 

A new and ex(«'iisivoly revised edition has lM><>n s<>nt to us of 

BrAIIMHAW's Dini-xnoltY ok BaTHIM; Pi..\CK«, Ct.l.MATICAL HfL\I.TH 

Kii«.>iiTs, MiNKKAi, Waters, Sea Bathk, and Hyijuoi-atiiic Kstab- 
Umhm|::nth ('2s. (>d.). It directs our attention to a largo nundK>r 

• >r places, but the iiilonnation given is in many instaiu-«>s too 

•anty to 1k< of mm-li us«>. In particular we sliotild like to know 
iionMibout the nature of the accommodation at the out-of-the-way 
bathing establishments in such countries as Spain. Nor is the 
IxKjk (|uite five from mistakes. The statement, for example, 
that Martigny is ."i.lXMI feet aliove the level of the »«i is incor- 
rect. According to Baedeker the altitude of .Martigny is only 
1,5(W feet. 

Messrs. Black have sent us a new Ilth edition of their guide- 
book to MANCH£»TUt (Is.), a useful little volume. 



19 



.iir 



I I ii»- |nirj>i'«. - III .1 ^'iiuHl 

f htHm U , mitwsT tla*. 

"■■- ^ awl • AMvHb' 

•uatate Vmk. TUa 

•II V fiir iIm* iMiriHi^ 



Voi.UNTEEU Soi,uiiiii.s (Kegaii Paul, Is.), by Captain M. II. 
Uale, is a new and revised edition of u book published some 
loiirteen years ago under the title of " Amateur Soldiers." It 
includes an historical sketch of the \"olunt»>er Movement, an 
account of the organization of the force, and some geiu-ral re- 
marks on various aspects of the subject. We shall be glad it it 
stimulates recruiting : but wc arc iioi sauLMiine iliai it will. 



TU IlMMOOK 

connixlH for llMaMt i 

;» till >■■.'—. 

the 1 1. 

but it 1. ,. 

iHMlk. It ' 

labli's. i»;i( ' 

I I 

i-\ i 

eau In) hintl (or 1^1, and it in 

Henry Nornuin, who |«iil for the 

ascent can now Im< :i' 



BDUOATIONAL. 

Hide by siilo with the Oxford Text „l .\.iH>|>i..>ii. v 
noticed on July 7, cotneii A CoMMr^TAHT on rni: Hi.m'm. « 
or Xknoi'iiox, with intmducllon and spiimmIm 
Cndorhill (Clun>ntlon Prem, 7k. Ikl.). Mr. rnd<>rli 
the te\  

a h<>ai : 

exegetiiitl. We lai. 
u.H the very thing a > 
duction <leals with 
and MHS., and the .i 

and Ibially, a aerit-s of <'Xcunus on mure i 
|H)ints, with full indii-oN. TIm! dilUcult <|i>">' 
obj(M:t ill writing tho Imok, itjt divinionn, ' 
are treated with adinirablo lucidity ami •<>u^-. ne 
in doubt what Mr. I'nik^rhill is driving at, and be 
ready to call a case proven. In 
(■are, and he has chiK-ked an'l 

inscriptions. There is an ev<v.iy on ii.' ijtu 

|M<riod, which is new in tn>almunt il i ih* 

Athenian attempt to recover a maritime emiiirv rfwilig tkm 
Corinthian \«'ar is brought into clearer light l>\ .liil of In^crintlona 
recently discoverecl. 

The Rector of Lincoln puhlishe» >ii.-r |m.i« m m* 

school oilition of .\ri»topham>s, tho Peack lliy VI. W. Morry ; 
Clarendon Pr<>nM, :tn. (hi.). Tho editor'* maniM>r !• •aMri<>ntly 
well known to teachers, and tho I'rae* bs* lioon cditnl with the 
same taste, hunH>ur, and gimd ncnM- as Ibe otborm. Th« 
translatiouN are orten rai-y, if thoy do uniw-k of «lan( a trill<> too 
much. This \t\r macb bi 

school-lN^ik, but >lr<iem<4«<- 

for school wxirk. 1' 
riilUibo* (p. 7U) ; il 

rea«l Don Quixote [•■■■• . uoriA 

whilo to c«>ra|iaro TryK"  ■' >aaa'». 

Th«! .\ndromaciik oI Km \ . K. K. 

Hyslop, :iclde<l to M.icmillan's < i i oi ea 

iv rMr.O.Murr' i«« 

sii" h we lately r>- .lop 

has not tn^ 

ductioi. Hied 

not Qrst-ralel, but insists on hik ; |t 

also contains a few judicious ri" .K tern 

slage-diroi^tions are i ntll Ijc a help to 

schoollwys. The not< .1 not too Ionic. 

Mr. W. J. ' •• work or 

has produced a > OK Binis 

'Js. (Id.), in the I ic*. Tbore i» no otbvr 

e«lition of this sp. •  so far a» »f nn* jnurp, 

and the sjieech will bo a novelty for scbooU. •■ of 

Isovratcs has something of the obviousooss of !>>•■ I . _.je, 

and it may help the schixillxiy Co andotrstaad .oaot bjr 

literary form. Tho introduction gives a »k.- l>omit«a* 

life, works, and influence, and of Alcihiades, and of the circ«n»- 
slances which are a»»umt>d by the speech. The notes are jntt 
what they should l>e. Thk KKATuMVKXai and .\uoRAiva or 
LVHIAS are <><lito<l in the sain<' J. TbfMBpaon aad 

.Mr. T. K. .Mills. I.ysi;is i. w.<l; .ol readioc ^ kia 

simplicity and <i itwoivaiigk* 

have lH?en made  m : th« eAot 

which is so ch.i igbt o«t 

by a few exeunt \v*t and 



50 



LUERATURE. 



[July 21, 1900. 



good : it dpalu with the history of tlio (leriod, the life of Lyslas, 
AMo oratory bd<1 law |>rtM><><liirt>, and tlif !i|M>o<>tu« in liitiul. 
The DOteH »r«' t«>o <>l<>ni<>nlarv, and clianooN nr«' miswHl of sottiii;; 
int«lli{;<*nt niindHul work : (hi< woni Jxtiot h om* instnncc (lii. I) 
why should il im>an Imlli " holy " and " profano ? " 

Tilt SATiit»> ttr HoiiACK, iMliriHl by 11. J. Huyps and K. C. 
. dot's not dillor fr»>iu moHt others of tho I'nivi-rsity 

1 .Sf>rii>» (C'livi-, 4s. M.). Th<'r»> is the usual intrcMluotion, 

with a very «liort nki'toh of Horaoo's lif«>, a ikik*^ or two on 
philoaophical RcctK, and metrical not<>s which will Im> nwful for 
reference. The btwt |>art of it is a fow |Mira);m|>hs on Lurilius, 
X    iintMis of his n>iuaius (translat<Ml), and on th<* satire as 

\ Hor.icc. Till- not<>s, as usual. Bivo eU'UKMitary help : 
wliun' tln'n» is a r»>al diffloiilty, as in i. S, 120, the disvussion is 
not ad(>(|uat<'. 

Mr. A. K. Hort lias ad<li-<l yet another to tlii> e<litioiis of 
Livv. Book V., in Kivinjfton's Middle Korni Classics ("is.). 
There is nothine to note in it save the lirevity of the iiif rodnotion 
»nd tJie simplicity of the noti>s. Wo think an inlrmluction 
ought to contain Hoinethin^ almut Livy's wiurces and his value 
as a historian ; and the notes seoni to Rive loo much help. They 
are, however, «|uite pio<l in themselves, and tlie translations are 
idiomatic. 

An edition of CiCKno is Catii.inam, I. -IV. (Blackwootl's 
Classical Texts, Is. Od., illustrattHi), is ati o<ld prinlucfion. 
Mr. H. W. .\uden. the JMlitor, is consumed with a desire for 
clearness, which leads him to number, tabulate, compr»>ss, an<l 
Kuramarixt>, until his paragraphs look like jottings from n not<'- 
book. There is no sontm' of literary style in the intro<iuctory 
part, which contains a large number of notes which are not even 
complete sentences. This does not inspiit> us with conlldeiice 
when we ar<> offered " Six Hints on Translating," one of which 
is to " avoid the word t/iiii{/," and substitute various flowery 
paraph riiM'-,. Mr. Auden's ideal of sentence-structure soeins to 
ho M - |K>p-gun style ; we cannot admit that " t'leariiess 

is e\ _.'■ though it is certainly the chief thing. The 

wlitor's own example may, we fear, lead l)oys to di-op out their 
definite articles and verbs. The Hoctions of the introduction 
are not properly arranginl. The notes, however, are gtHxl, and 
tbert^ are Mime UM>ful hints in an apjHMidix for the practice of 
" J>> ' '■" ill middle forms. The IkmiU cont4iins a nuinlM>r 

of i _ pictures and plans — Cicero, the Korum, the 

Appiiii >i.i\. and (a novelty) Prof. Maccari's vigorous fresco of 
Catiline in the Senate. (Catiline's llgui-e is repeat<r<l on a larger 
ncalc op|K>site p. xx.,and is a tine stiiily, which will c<-rl<iinly help 
readers to r«'aliz<^ his chantcter. The restoration of the Forum 
(p. 32) has the Arx and the Temple of .Jupiter on the wrong 
INMks of the Capitoliiie. 

Wo can re<'onnnen<l an «<lition of ErTlloi'irs. I. -II., by W. C. 
Laming (Blaekie's Latin .Series, Is. (M.), an well suit<>d to young 
boys, except that it has no vocaltulary (we iM-rK'Ve an edition 
with vociibulary is pro<-urable). It is printed in large clear tyiw, 
and has a nunilior of effective pictures and plans. Mtmt of these 
arc fnmi monuiuents. but some are imaginary ; and we should like 
to learn more almut the School of the Vestals (frontispiece), 
which conUiins a round dow-n of novices. 

Bell's Illustrated Classics has Ikmmi increased by Oviii, 

Trihtia. III. (H. It. W<M)lrych). C»Aii, fSAixir W^aii, Book \'. 

(A. Heynolds), anil SKl.fX-TloNs KlioM Vihijil's -f^NElt), VII. -XII. 

iW, a. CiKist), is. IWI. each, with intriMluctions, notes, and 

vocabularies. We have already called attention to the chief 

fault of this s«-ries, its small page and siMuewbat small print. It 

Would l>e a great iiiiprovcment even to double, the margin. 

<"'"•■•''■-<• they are ni"-«' lsK>ks : the editing is well done, and 

lira's are really illustrative. The "Tristia " has a 

• if oiitlliie cuts, and s«'vi'ral go<Ml priwi-ss plat«rs 

'I !.• r r. ..( M ii. .-Ilus, the Korum, the House of the Vestals, and 

I (.iililn^ v.itli |i Mpiis. .Mr. Woolrych diM-s his eilitiiig with taste 

and skill : but he might have siiid s<mu>thing about the elegiai- 

metre. The "fVcsar" contains a bust of the Diftator, a numlH-r 

of <■■ ,• things warlike, and a very clear map of (Jaiil, 

whi' no hiHp towarils understaiMling the natur.il 

I Mtry. Hen- Mr. Liddeir— f the Roman 

Mr. {'oast has proviil' - of extricts 

vii! ' ' ' .ry of the ".hiiiHi with the help 

o( i: I mild have Imh-ii convenient had 

' t:f . . ... ;,.„, !>).<, II nuinl(ere<l continuously. 

Ill' '■■■ - • Mil- jir<?(a<-e from the traiislatiniis of 

U-yJiu. I„iji;ii,„i: 1., l^.vi 1,, and Mackail, which will certainly 

bo oaefttl a» models. A One utattie of Jaiio is the frontispiece. 



FICTION. 



Mrs. Cp«Urla'a New Book. 

Ill KoHKitT Okanci:, by .loliii Oliver HoblH>s (L'nwin, Os.), 
we have the stMiucI to " The School for Saints," and the further 
history of Orange and Brigit. As one of the characters in the 
Itook observes. Orange was lM)rn to be a Homnn Catholic 
eeclesiastii!. And, although some four liundreil pages are devot4.Hl 
to putting obstacles in his way, although he is ilriven to commit 
bigamy — of course, unintentionally and munler-iu the form of 
the duel as he gix's along, nevertheless he reaches the goal nl 
last, and we leave him at pence nml a Monsignore. Kor as an 
iiilili-iiiliim omitted from the concluding cimpter remarks " The 
jiassioii of love invariably ilrives men and women to an extreme 
step in one direction or another. It will wmd some to the 
cloister, soinc to the tribune, some to the stage, some to heroism, 
some to crime, and all to their natural calling." And their 
natural calling 8e<Mns, if we may judge from the story of Orange 
and of Brigit, to Ix' that which is marked iinl for them by 
our old friend heredity. Mrs. Crnigie devotes immense |mins 
to the painting of Orange; she admires and lov«>s him, and 
stK'ks diligently to make the reader love and mimire him too. 
Admirable he certainly is, since hi- possesses every virtue, and 
most of the talents, but as the French proverb has it :- 
" Ce n'est rien d'dtre admire, le fail est de se faire aimd." We 
cannot say that wo felt any particular affection for Orange, it is 
difficult even to keep up an interest in him ; and one wonders 
why Brigit was so immensely in love with him, until one 
remembers that Brigit was but .sevent<>eii. Hers is the l)ost 
drawn of the clmracti-rs. Her curious Ix-aiily, her indefinable 
charm are conveyed to the reader subtly as they should be, 
without too much analysis. There Is tiw much analysis of the 
minds and motives of everylnidy else ; of the tiri'soiue but 
carefully drawn young piH'r Heckage, who is engaged to .\gnes 
Carillon, but is in love with Lady Sara ; of .\giies, who is In 
love with the painter Uonnes, with whom she presently elo|)es ; 
of Pon8^>, the friend of all, and still the sweetest flguro in the 
entourage of the two Ijooks ; anil of Ijady Sara herself, the red 
and brown gipsy beauty, who is in love with Orange, and 
Ih^coiuos a Carmelite nun after he has joined the priesthood. 
Nevertheless, it is a thoronglily able book, full of careful 
characterization and Hue touches of comedy. The real ability 
of Mrs. Craigie's earlier work was somewhat lost sight of 
|«"rhaps ill its brilliancy. Brilliancy no longer predominates, 
although there arc cjiigraminatic phrases which stick in the 
mind. There is also a French phrase which we wish did not 
stick in the mind, as it is the French of Stratford-atte-Bowe. 
•• A I'outrance," says (^astrillou, the wicked young French 
nobleman, whom Itolx'rt kills for the crime of having acted in 
lirivate theatricals with Brigit ; anil " A I'outrance " assents 
HolK-rt, altliongh he is half Fn-iich at least, and representative 
of one of the tliiest families ill Kmnce. It s<s>ms impossible to 
teach the clia meters of llct ion either to avoid foreign tongues, 
or to use them correctly, but this solecism is the one and only 
blot up<m the otherwise adorable iin|M'ccabllily of Roliert 
Orange's can^er. Mrs. Craigie introtlui-es Disraeli. She gives 
two lett«'rft from the great man, one to Orange concerning his 
unfortunate (losition as bigamist, and one a1>out him which 
serves as epilogue to the lK)ok. Both are felicitous and full of 
admlraliiv cliar»ct<'ristic touches, but we can hardly " see " 
Disraeli in Charles Wyndham's favourite yiart, and it is dinicnlt 
to shake off a fe<>ling of unreality as we Iist4'n to Mrs. Craigie 
s|>eaking in the guise ol tin- Conservative I'remier. 

Pop tha War. 

Foil BiiitAIN's Sm. nil. lis i.Mi'il 1, ti-.i !■• nil I 111- -iiiM- liiM- 

as " The Ladysmilli Treasury," which wc reviewed last week. 
That is l<i say, it is a collection of short storiiw by various 
authors, the financial pr<M't>eds of which will Iw given to the War 
F'und. We shall not institute invidious comparisons between 
two meritorious pnidnct ions, but will iiMJomiiiend everyone to 
buy them l>oth. The otlitor, in this case, i» Mr. Cutcliffe Hyne, 



July 21, 1900.] 



[.ITER ATI HE. 



51 



who also confrlbutoM a atory ontltlcKl " Tho R«'ni't{ii<l<>." 'Ihr 
Mllior colli i-ibiilors .ire Sir W;iUf>r Kivinnt, and MtxMro. W. L. 
Al.l.'ti, S. It. (•|^.<•koft, B. M. Crokor, K. \V. Horiiiiiik'. I{.iil.v;if.l 
Ki|ili:i)r, ,\. K. \V. .MiiHOii, Frankfort M<K)r<', .Max I'<<nilM-i'i<iii, 
^U><'tt Kidtfo, Morlcy KohcrtH, H. <i. Wells, Pcrty Wlilto, and 
^■>\'alU<r W<hhI. It, nluxild liu a<ldud that it U nnt only tli)> 
^Httithors but aJNo lli4' |ml>lislior>t who cnnlribiito Ihi-ir prolltn !■> 
^Btho Kood caiiHc, and Hint tho iHNikHollorN nro cordially inviti-d 
^Bn tbo prcfat'o to do the xaino. How, in tho circiim-itniicf><<, can 
^Hk inoro inoiiibcr of IIik oiiuM.- ,.,,i,i;.. .|.. i,...s rhan buy tho lH>ok ? 
^B An HIstoploal Novel. 

You sliiiiild bo •toiiii'wliii.t, viTMil ill iviicri'i', mill not iiii- 
ii-fiunintcil with tho days of KiiiK Kdward I., to laHti> thv full 
ll.ivoiir of HIr MorlM-rt Maxwvll'H new book TiiK C'iikvaukk ok 
niK Ki'i.KNDll) t'Kh>T (Blarkwooil, Oh.). .\iid. In pan-iit he-tin, yon 
vlioiild never have r«'ad Diinias, for tho hi-,toricnl novels of that 
woii.lei-fiil man s|Miil your palat«> for tho hi.storicnl iiovcIm of 
 verylMHly pIm'. To )k) sure, " Tho Chovallor " Im one of tho 
iiest of itH kind, and does not disap|)oint tho oxpeotatlons 
iiutumlly raised when so skilful a writer as Sir Herl»ort .\faxwidl 
diverges into tho llelds of m-tion. We hardly think, thoiiKh. that 
the sjiirit of illusion is helped by eonstaiit assurances that this 
is true, that the other is drawn from authentic diH-ninents, 
liy fiOfiiient fiMit-notes, and by tho insertion of iii:ip«. 
Oood Novels fop the Holidays. 

Ill liiACK II|':aiit and Wiiitk IIfakt (LonKiu.oi'-. <>^.i. Mr. 
Uider HuKRiird mounts once more those trusty stotnls of hl^s, the 
nobility of tho savage and tho rascality of tho civilizetl white. 

110 rides, tixi, with all his old dexterity, and the throo stories 
eoncorning Zulus, witolios, battles, saerillcos, and traitors, of 
which this volume consists, will give tho old piciisuro to his 
liiciids. 

Although 'I'liK Chicamon .Stonk (Smith, Os.) is simjily nn old 
;ory retold — that of tho search for gold, this lime up in 
\laska — it takes on, at the hands of Mr. Clivc Phillips- Wolley, 

111 entirely new dress. For the author, a Canadian, knows 
1 lioroughly the wnntry of which he writes ; he knows tho Indian, 
and ho knows the L'illaiuler, and ho uses his knowlwlge t<i give 
an air of reality to tho s<>nsational incidents which ho rei-ounts. 
Tho result is a book which even the reviewer was unable to 
read without delightful thrills and a sense of fearful joy. 

KNOt-ii Wiu-oioHiiv (Downey, tJs.), by Mr. .lames A. 
Wickersliaiu, is a rather curious novel of unfamiliar .\mericaii 
life. Tho history of tho Quaker Willonghbys and of their 
spirituality and spiritualism will not we fancy bo very generally 
twpular, but it is a carefully and cleverly written Ixxik, and 
will well rejiay pcrnsal. 

Thk Comi'lbat Bachki-or, by Oliver Onions (Mnrrny, 
2s. 6d.), iH'longs to the same literary category as the " Dolly 
Dialogues," to which work it is not visibly inferior. Tho 
episodes are in the main plausible anil ent«'rtaining, and rea<lers 
of the fair sex will be reliev«>d to learn that the bachelor niM-ts 
with the common fate of b:iilii'Inrs. mihI is ..nf.K- and painlessly 
I rappe<l on the last pagt\ 

Mr. Morgan Robertson -i mm n 'i min (i.riini liichards, Os.) 
i-i a collection of stories of sea life. Ho knows the life of the 
mercantile marine and Xavy, and lie has, we think, dip(>ed thre<( 
times in Kobert Louis Stevenson— much to tho advantage of his 
readers. For those who like a book to taste of brine " Spun- 
Yarn " will servo to mitigate tho (oiigiiciirs of the South-Eastern 
Railway. 

The secn>ts of The Pi!Ison-hoi>k (Blackwood, tJs.) which 
aro divulged to us by Miss .Jane Jones are not all agr<K<able, 
but they are interesting. We do not recollect the name of the 
authoress of this Ixx^k as that of a noveli^st, but her charac- 
terisation of men and women is clear and convincing, her de- 
scriptions of manners show intuition, but lack something of 
observation. The hero who inherits a largo fortune, and is a 
man of exquisite taste, constantly smokes '" cheroots," and on 
the occasion when he does light a cigar he at once goes to sleep 
under a tree iu Kegent's-park— a thing a t'eiiileninn of fiishion 



than • 

" tM..t tr«i:-<l». 

|||4. . 

will k. 

thin Im! n llmi ImmiIc Mt<M Junt^ i* (,, 

I'loAMint the ntnaflle of onnrlaliip, i.iii.r..»inu iih- maotMm 

and mrrlagn ; 
lint the milt who i* wlwiwill alwuln tram Ikp Irrribls thors- 
hit of mnrriairn 
iinoles Minn IVmilhiit < 
iiiafne bill nf Thk Tiioiis i 

'"""" 'ickUivy 

and h< ...^^ 

Thk I'lTixttH.sow or I'AiMiKii THincts, bjr Lilian Ifcmea. 
Kowlands, U one of tho littlo tlirvw-snil^i penny norela 
brtiiight out by tho .New Century Prnm. It i« a handy a^lUwi 

as to size and print for carrying altout on a >' ' . tkla 

casn tho story is worth rendiiiK. Tho pesMii ' iM4r 

sordid little tragedies u: 

done. Martha, with her 

her type. " Did yur lovi; hiiu, Maiitd I i 

hart fur him yet?" asks her idealiolii' .1 

" No," she answers, " I cannn say an I '." It Is 

di'pressing, iierhaps, but gooti, sincere «-^ . I-v.t. 

At tho time when Miss Annie Thnnuw (Mr*. I' lllp) 

.•liens her story, CoMRAiira TuiK (Chatio, »•• 
aro thus d<-«crilM><l :— " They wvrw all 
healthy, happy, and |ioor. Two •<! il- 
.\diuiralty, and tho third was a fine 
agreeable dog pi  
there will lie a !■ 

you will not Ik^ disap|Kiiiilisl hen-. > 
as we hapiM-n to know nr<- quite nn i 

but she tells a very g<iod tale ending on the not« tt " All'a 
Well " with the wt^ldingH of tho right people. 

Tho author of '* Twixt tho Devil and tbo Doop 8«a " givM 



the rather flipimnt title Thk P 
-s.) to a short story which t. 
tr.i ' ^. Her pictur«-s of . 

'■>'■ tho ImxiIc solvt-s 

whii'h :»i titien puzzles tho critic) tm- 
in love with the den-lict «h"W no 
prepared, we are told, to f 
and, as far as the su|>or— i 
judge, she would have to r< ' 

Majop Arthur Orlflltha. 

Fast ami I>kisk (Maeqnoen, Oa.) ia one rU 

thos«> pleasant, rather ex<- 

Major Arthur Cirilllths \, 

appan-nt facility. We Im>k>i> wi>h »u - 

and end with a simple marriage. Hut ni 

adventures which lie lM-lw<<<<n. Tho »ut ' 

with criminal life has shown him that ni<. : 

to every -<lay alTaira than many novel readen *u< 

" Fast and Ia>oso " he •"•-■ ' >--:• - ■-: 

of clues and Frt-nch <■ 
of crime. The story is eMiunj;, imi m.. i 
Tho Major's otlier Ixxik is In Tiuht ' 
which eontjtins sixt<s-n ib i ;■ ~ 

r.g., that of the Yankee cai u . 

London, to hold the liank 
wonderful Indian jewt-1, v 
the s;ike of which Kani Da- 
track ing-down of the virt 

If it h.td not been for Mr. Antl> 
dom stori«>s Mr. F. M. Allen 
B«iYTON (Downiey. 3s. (Id.). T 
Caesar Boyton, ■' ("■ - 
imitation is not 
The author has n. 
stori«>s, and th«- -■ 
li(H>k fri>iii iM-ini: !■ : ': 



vNii ToMiir (Gramlnr, 

'V enoiii^. au affair o< 

iigh it U 

oblcm " 

• h <4 lito hwoia* 

I. Th« bwoiiMla 

,- in tiM man aho loT«a, 

:ititlior iM-nuIta na t.i 



lOO 

kin 
I ia 
'ira 
• In 
!-n. 
«.). 

tn 



, ioMifinsPT ltin(- 

■•k 

'I i'oi.inti. Tho 

imitations aMu 

... II as in his formar 

interest will prcvvat thm 



52 



LITERATURE. 



t'Tuh 21, 1900. 



LIBRARY NOTES. 



n»8lHUw*po«m Memorial Liltmrr in the rcfpronoo d4>|)nrt- 
Bt 0( Mm BiminKhiim Kroo I is |M>rlia|is tlu> moKt 

St «oUaot4oa o( Sbakn«|>na i . nt. Tli<> Hr>t |t.irt 

of Ml Index to ii kaa Jost bean lasno<). sivin;; ilw< KnelNh tvlitinns 
at th» plMfm, aelaeUaiH, anpaMte cilicions of -liiiKU* iilnyn. luul 
tho itocntK, sonnotx, niul soiifpi. This imlcx, when coinplototl, 
• ill have conaitlorahio literary %'mliio. 

Kmm W«it H»m w<» hnvo n novel ami us<>fiil pnl>li<>nt!nn 
limed at .-i - viz., « hnnil-list of tMiok-s in tho 

pulilir lihr > holidny rnw>rts, nrrnn;r<><l nlphn- 

hetieally uml. > i. mios of |ilnp<>s. Tli«> s«>|Kinit<» catali>Kiiiiif; of 
topofrrapiiicol w.irl,^ will tiniilitlitw siiggt-st tho provision of lator 
editioos of aooio of the Ruidc-books fur preHOiit-<lay tourisitx. 

We have reeolvpil minimi reports from tho Cnmhridce 
■nnlrerrity Library ami the Richninnd (Surrey) Piildie Lil>r:iry. 
^ ilix to the Caiiiliri<l(C»! rcjiort gives an areoiint of the 

A.irk done in deeipherinR the Taylor-Sehwhter eolhv- 
tioii trf Hehrew ilocuments and maiiiiM-ripts diseovere<l in Cairo. 
The late Dr. Wright's eatalopno of Syrian manuscripts lias I>een 
oompletwl under the <<nperviHion of Professor Bovan, while Mr. 
Sayle'H r&talogiic of Kiiglish Itooks printed not later than ItHO 
makes good projire«s. Mr. H. G. Aldis was eliosen as Secretary 
to the Library last .lime, and Mr. E. O. Browne, M..\., was 
•pp<>inte«l Cunitor in Oriental Liteniture, to hold oflice for ono 
jnear. 

Tho provision of books for tho blind, and the want of such 
works In tho ordinary public librarj-, has recently attracto<l 
attention. It would Iks a truly philanthropic work if .some pro- 
vision could bt^ made, but the two great drawbacks are cost and 
bulk. Few libraries could afford the s|kicc which tho Braillo 
Tolumea require or lightly incur the expense of a large stock. 
A g<Kxl plan would l>e the est«ltlishinent In London of a central 
lilirary for tho blind, coinbine<l with branches or delivery 
stations if neeess;irj\ Such an institution could deal with tho 
«juestion of selecting a lielter and nior*- entertaining kind of 
literature than has hitherto l)een provided for those irhosc 
aflfliction has not (iuenche<l a love for g»)0<l reading. 

The recent Stuckey-Lcan bequest of £50,000 for tho esta- 
blishment of a central reforcneo library at Bristol is to be 
augmented by a gift of alKiut one thousand volumes, many of 
tbem valiuiblu and all interesting, from Mr. Stuckey-Lcan's 
own library, which, with the exc<;ption of certain liooks diverte<I 
by will to tho British Museum, tho executors have decide<l to 
pr<^sent to tho Bristol Corporation to Ix; " enslirined " in tho 
now library. 

Some strictures passed by tin; «Hlit<>r of tho Library 
Atitoeiation Ueeord on " tho criminal side of book-plate collect- 
hare raised quite a stonn. An editorial in tho Ex-Lihrh 
■il attacks him in uneompromising fashion for his assertion 
iu.il Iwok-platc coll' - a jK-rnicioua craw- and tho threat 

that poaaeasion of mU Library Ixiok-plate would l>c 

regarded as criminal. Many p<!oplo art; of the opinion once ex- 
pressed by Mr. Edmund Oosse that tho only proper place for ii 
I is In the owner's Ixxiks. But it is not often such 

I <' place as the one at Harvard. Each public institution 

{- „' a book-plate offers some tcmiptntion to thief and 

, liut there arc thousands of opportunities for dishonesty 
met with elsewhere every day, and no ono would suggest 
linslness and professional life shoidd be abandoned on 
: .■At. 

Visitors to I,ynton will shortly And another attraction adde<l 

tr. ihni <li!irfTiiii.- vlii:i..,.. fiir Gcorgo Nownes has presented it 

rieil with a public library at a cost of 

\'--st every week is chronicled an 

\-y. Mr. Andrew Caningio is 

' tiU native land, and 

.KK) to erect n public 

library U> LM'i.«.'rUi«.-, ut^rc tkv ActH lutve been adopted. 



T<x> irreat thoroughness may soinotimos bo r drawback. Tlie 
enlalogno of hooks in tho refor(>nce drpartnient of tho Wigaii 
Public Library proniis«>s to 1m> an almost inoniimoiitnl work. Tlie 
latest part issmsl deals with the letter L, iiiiil reaches page 
1,758 of the catalogue. A quarto with much small ty|M». It 
is evidence of great citn* and lalK>nr on tho part of tho compiler. 
Yet as Mr. Folkard, the librarian, is presumably issning his 
catalogue less for future bibliographers than for present readers, 
the «-ork suffers from tro;> dr iflr. The librnry has existed for 
more than twenty yeais-, and, at the present rate, probably another 
ton or flftoen will pass liofore it is provide*! with a complete list 
of lM>oks. Fs this delay in the interests of readers? Thi> voliiinos 
nddixl during the time in which tho )irinting has " dragged 
Its slow lengtli along" will bo numerous enough to demand .i 
Miipplomoiit, and tho catalogue will nocossarlly Im> alw".iys mucli 
liohiiid the accessions. To give .an instance of tho abundance of 
detail more than thre*' pages arv devote<l to the contunts of 
Walter 8avag<» I^andor's works. Eight volumes — three quarto 
pages !— a glance over tho liooks themselves would Just as 
i^Midily convey the infomiation. A r«>ference library so rich 
and important ileinands a goiHl catalogue, and, ex<M>pt for 
its ov<>r elalioratlon, it is pleasing to .rocogiilMi the many 
excellent features of the Wi^ran catalo^^iio. 



AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS. 



Messrs. Ooorgo Xownos announce a new work on Chin:i 
to l)o coinplote<l In several sixpenny wi>okly parts. Tho 
work will depict China as it is to-<Iay, and give photographs of 
the Chinese lenders as well as of the commanders of the British 
and Allied Forces, and of scenes in Peking and Hong-Kong, 
Shanghai, &c. There will also be a concise history of tho 
pr«>seiit revolution in China, with a map. 



Mr. Walter Scott's announcement of a reissue of his series 
of translations of Ibsoii's Prose Dramas may servo a,s a reminder 
how dotlnito a hold Il>sen, about whom Professor Horford wtUo-. 
in another column, has now got on English iN>adors. Nor 
is England before, but rather liohind, tho rest of literary Europe 
in the matter. There has Ix^cn the usual liattio " with confused 
noise " liotween the Ibsonitos and anti-Ibsenit<>s, but the upsh<)t 
is that, for the time at all events, Ilweti is part of the stock 
intellectual furniture of contemporary Europe. The result is 
remarkable when it is considered how few writers are really 
widely read and familiar in tninslatious. Tho ancient classics 
must bo left out of considonitloii bwauso they have been tho 
text-books of European education. Then- Is Shakespoaro, of 
course, but Moliere, in spite of a few ttx> hnckiioyod quot^itions, 
has never been familiar in English. Besldi^ Shakespeare, the 
other possible English instances that occur to ono aro Byron 
and Scott and Dickons. Of the French writers Halx-lais, Mon- 
taigne, Hugo, and t)unias arc world classics. The Spanish Don 
Quixote is another instance. Goethe's " Faust " Is jiorhaps an 
instance, though the Faust of popular knowledge is tho Faust of 
opera, and that is really not Goethe's " Faust." Dante hasnow 
estalillNlioil this jiositiun, and Tasso and Ariosto once enjoyed it. 
Whether Ilis«'n will hold Ditnto's position when ho is of Dante's 
antiquity is another question. Mr. Archer is revising the trans- 
lations for the r<!issuo and will contribute an introduction to thu 
plays. E.ach play will have a volume to Itself. 

Although in tho course of his cnroor. Mr. Leonard Courtney 
has written extensively for tho Press, tho little volume on tin- 
English Constitnt ion, which ho has in hand for Messrs. Dent's 
" Temple CyclopiPflic Primers," is, wo l»olievo, his first book in 
the strict sense of the term. This honour should properly hav.i 
fallen to another work. About twenty years ag^o tho announce- 
ment was made that Mr. Courtney ha<l in preparation a mono- 
graph on Adam Smith for tho " English Men of Letters" Series. 
As it has never apjieared we sup|K>se it must be relegated to tho 
ever-lengthening list of books projected but never written. 



Jul^- 21. 1000.1 



IJTKHATCRE. 



5S 



Mr. Court Mi'v, hnvMM'i, II iiMi (iii'Mii> iii.'iiihor of ili- in.-..^ 
i{oUH4> of CoiiiirHiiiH wilt) liiiH tlitix )liHii|i|K>iiit<>il tho Kluihuit'x 
cxpoctnlioiiH. Tlio liko ilffHiilt Ih to bo imputt'il to thn lf«il*»r of 
tlio lliiusc, Mr. A. .1. Ujilfoiir, who, nlxo nlmnt twenty y«'nrs 
HRo, wns Mtntod to hnv<> in proptrtition n volnnw on Mill for 
"McsHrs. Bliickwootl's serifs of " Pliiloso|iliirnl riassic!.," lint 
it, too, Imn ncvor ii|i|M>iir<>(l, nnil wo M»|)|)Of«< ncvor will. .\ 
conipU'tu ciitiiloguo of unci. " iKtoks " would l>o iaten'sting. 

MoHMFN. Miicniillnii annoaneo an " odition dn luxn " of 
Pator'n works, siiniliir in stylo to tlio Tonnyson, Lumh, :in<t 
Kipllni; publishwl by the sanio honw. Tlio current editions of 
tho works were uniform and sntisfnetory, hut this additional 
lionour is well de«erv«l. and is quite appropriate. Not that 
with Pater form is evorythinp;. Tlio hei-osy still seems to 
obtain that Pater is to bo road for his nianner and not for his 
matter. The manner, about which he ti>ok intlnite pains, was 
not faultless ; and his triek of lonj; clausOM in parenthi^es and 
apposition jtrew on him, partly from an almost painfully con- 
scientious effort to limit and qualify his propositions to tho 
point of pei-sonal psyeholoRit-al aocnniey. Nevertheless, his stylo 
lit his best (and tho rhetorical passages, uiiich alone Mr. 
Stephen Gwynn admires, wore not quite his liewt) was curioll^ly 
well adapted to convey his delicate lesthetic impressions 
and subtle interpretative ideas. But al«-ays, or nearly alTv-nyv, 
behind tho ctyle thei-e was knowliMljje and thouprht — " funda- 
mental brain work " ; antl Mr. Mallock, whose caricature in 
tho " Now Republic " in spite of its oue-side<l cleverness was 
a cruel libel, was at least right in selecting Pater as one of the 
distinct iiillueuceM of his opoeli. Pater's r«'a«lers may not have 
lH>en numerous, but they innueneed a wider circle. Writing on 
subjects in which scholarship has recently made rapid advances. 
Pater did not escap<> mistakes. With Shelley he still accepted 
the Modu.sa of the Unizi fur a goiuiino work of Leonardo, and 
ho based much of his flno reading of tho lessons of Giorgione 
li|K)n a picture? now g<>nerally helil to be an early Titian. But 
it is possible to make too much of new ascriptions In art. 
Kcholnrship cumbered with much serving sometimes misses a 
gift more needful. In tho coming e<lilion " Gaston I.atonr " 
will be includ<Ml in tlu> volume of " Imaginary Portraits." The 
odition will be limited to 775 copies, "iaO of which have l>een 
»ul)soril>ed tor an .Vmerican house. The llrst volume — there will 
Im> eight in all — will apiKjar in September, and tho publication 
will continue at the rate of one volume a month in the following 
order: — Vol. I., " Studies in tho History of the Renaissance " : 
11. and m., " Marius tlie Kpiourean " ; IV., " Imaginary 
Portmits and Gaston do Latour " ; V., " Appreciations" ; VI., 
" Plato and Platoiiism " ; VII., " Greek Studios " ; VIII., 
" Miscellaneous Studies." 

" White " and " Selborno " will over be prolltable names 
to conjure with. The first classic of it« kind, it is still being 
constantly reprinted, notwithstanding tho fact that it has 
already appeared in more etlitions than any other liook on 
natural history. At tho present moment, b«>sides tho scH'ond 
volume of Dr. Bowdler Sharpe's library edition (due in Sep- 
tember), wo are receiving the work as one of tho volumes 
of Macmillan's Library of Knglish Classics, reprintetl, as state<l 
in Literature last week, from tho text of the original edition. 
Messrs. Constable have also proniise<l to publish in full tho 
daily diary kept by White for more than twenty-flvo years ; 
and now Mr. Murray announces a life of the naturalist by tho 
present head of tht> Whito family, Mr. Rashleigh Holt-White. 
The biography will include much unpublislnHl matter in the 
shape of letters, journals, and other documents in the possession 
of tho family, and a journal kept during a visit to Selborne in 
the suiumer of 17(>li, by one of the " Miss Battles," to whom the 
verses on '" Selhonie Hangei- — a Wiiiterpiece " wei"e addresseil 
by Gilbert White in the antumn of that year. 



1 



M 



I ' 



I.. i|i/.ih, .Tiii.i, ..I >;ii-.>ii., 

Kcnn^D, Levy, of A\x, t^., i-i 
work r«'pre«ents the h«>»t < i i 

)Kirticitlnr Hphere. The ** Aii' 
I ..n». Th.- 

Thns 1 
!■ i'T Herr iUt/'-l, fill 

\ . and the Sf.if.- ; i • 

the conni-xitm iM'twt-eii MK-ial  y ; and  third. 

by M. Steiiimetz, on the du .. .^l tyi"**. lit tlie 

Hocniid |M>rtion of this work wu have a rritical bibliocnipliy nl 
all the iin|M>rt«ut aoeiuluKical book* at tho yemr. 



IS to the pn.-(N . t . 
Mg workK U. |H't ii ,{, 



Wo have 



llll\t u •• 



W. Jfi 



Sociologists have now at tbeir disposal the third annual 
volume entitlinl " L".\nneo Sociologique." which Professor 
Duikluhn, uf Roidcnnx, assi'-ted bv Professors Katrel, ot 



Mr. Murray Is evidently - 
l>ook tride. His new list ot 

most iiii|H)rtaiit that he has umt isnutnl at thi'< iiim 
South .\frica is reprfs«Mife«l by only one ittmi, l.iit i|..- 
translation of Yves tiuyofs " 
Pro-Boor Statements, bas<><l im 

interesting development of the lileniture of thi- war. 
had (Kimphlets by Swiss champions of England's |><ilii \ 
have a liene<lictinn by tho editor of l^ Siectr. 
will he ready early next month. Another Iinpai..,..- 
" The Growth of tho Empire," and is written by .\. 
.Two IxMtks about Afghanistan aro also include*! in Mr. Mur: 
list, both by writers who have be«Mi intimately »WMtciat«-<l 
the .Ameer. " The Constitution and Im\\-» of Afghauiittaii 
Im> pnblislxHl next month) is by the .Am<>er'M private S«v 
of State, Mir Munshi, Sultan Mahammnd Khan. h:ii 
advancitl student at Christ's College. Cambridge. J 
lHH>k is a study of Afghan life in story form entitk>d " A Viiier's 
Daughter," by Lillias Hamilton. M.D., for several ycarsm^xli- -i 
adviser to tho Anioer. It is no secrtit that the Atiie< 
dangei-ously ill when Miss Hamilton «-as »<Mit for, an' I 
virtually took her life in her hand when she jonnieyctl to K 
Every diameter in the story is said to Im> drawn from lift 
as Dr. Hamilton explains in her preface, " should, tliereff • 
far as it goes, give; an accurate description of one phane at any 
rate of Afghan life." 

Since the completion of hi* hiatorr ot the Hndaon Bar 

Company, Mr. Bo<'kles Willsnn hn- 
what similar work dealing with 
East India Company. Much hitberln u 
placed in Mr. Willson's hands; and li- 
the Company's servants will be largely drawn upon. " Th.- 
|)criml of tho first hundred years in the life of the C. n.T.ni.v 
says Mr. Cawston, in his review of the Old Chartered i 
" is generally ncglectetl, or dealt with in a very sumui.i<.> »,... . 
by Indian historians, so that no clear idea U conveye<l to th.- 
reader of tho early growth anrl dev. ' ' of this _  

association." This omission Mr. Willv .kesto r. ^ 

It is hoped that Lord Curzon uf Ko<lle!>loii will contribute an 
introduction. 

Messrs. Longmans announce a number of important ne^v 

hooks and new editions. An eighth and i' ' —  -' 

edition ot Canon M.acColl's volume on 

Settlement" is in prt'paraliitn. *»"■ U  M  

letter has Ik-cii omitted, bin 

added, one coiit:iiijI[i- :iii t\l 

d«H.'isions on I 

8|)eoches, the <"  

in the Fort iiifyfi 11;/ iittciftc ot last Dtjeeuilter. " I 

Beyond the Tomb, in a Oath. .lie Light." by the I 

Passinore. " Keligitm, a Plain ' '>y R. Ku-~' 

Matriuionv," bv Caiitm Ki. . are ani' 



cii it'i I < ' 1 lu* I riit II \ t 
Martiiiean." by A. W. \V 
Hev. Richartl >leux Beii 
and Travel. FVvst and V 
Forward Policy, ami i 
CLE., who gives h 
Commissioner and : 



Mr. r. C. S.1 

 bv Mr. I: 



54 



LITERATURE. 



[July 21, 1900. 





111 n 

ohaii 


• 1 
iln' 








1 1 *-«-in > I 


.tiiii 






III 






Tho 
)ioa|>iUl 


..f 


<; 


cm  





















• •II 

. xi !■. Ki'ii.in* Miniii'-'. \\ n ii ;i 
:lu> imrrativc to her Mujo.>ty'!« 



Tii-iiMM'h n<>s|>U:U and of tho Knynl 

j.\\, K.N., lias written 

Ashore," wliieli Mr. 

B«»*i<les deM'riliiuK 

lNH>k iiiolmU'H uuviil 

liin. Tlie same publisher has 

II t'mitinirent." written liy \V. 

!iifh (.'uiiada 

II' son of tlio 

111 .!> I KMi), and deals 

soldiers to the front, 

V is^.ii- in tho Held, and the 



effect of the war in Canada. 



Two important travel iKioks are also announced liy Mr. 

VnTrin. OtH' i^ nn account of two seasons passed •' In the Ice 

' ■."' by Fanny Bullock Workman and William 

. iwo adventurous travellers who are alre:uly 

y tiKir iHxiks on Algiers and Spain. Mrs. Bullock 

I. who is said to be the first woman to undertake a loiijf 

• '  'iiKh Asia, made tliro<> " pioneer 

varyin-; from 18.(KK) to I'l.tKHl 

'•>ok " Aiuonc the Bcrl>ers of 

. records and illustrates the 

ists anioiiR the Berlier tril)es of 

iid the Kabyles. The pni'ely 

•re to \te piililished elsewhere, 

I 1 lieir arts and crafts, are described 

t volume. A few words have been 

Algerian .lews and Anti-Semitism. 

•\ for Mr. Unwin a bfHik on " The 

•lew ill London. ' touching on recent immigrations 

(roni Kasteni Kn many, Poland, and Russia. Tho 

l>ook will contain .in iniroductioii by Canon Baniett and a 

pn«fat>e by Mr. .laiws Bryc<>. 



bat the life of ihi 
'iv Mr. Wilkin in 



The new editor of the Arf/ogy, Mr. Herlx>rt Morrah, is 
iinprovini- '•■■» mi'Ti/ine. The summer nnml)er has a short and 
soiiiewh:r i from the pj'n of the late Mr. Stephen 

t'rane, a ; , • •••Hirgo Gissing, an illustrated article on 

Siena by Mr. Augustus Hare, and other contributions of interest. 
In the future, pictures and drawings will l»e reprinluced in 
preference to photographs, and. I><>ing ]iublishe<l by Messrs, 
Allen, tho Argony should do well in the matter of illiLstration. 

Mown. Putnam have a book coming out shortly entitled 
•* T" '■ -■ V — po of Form ; An Essay in Ooiu- 

|i«r -'• Lansing Raymond, I'rofessor 

«i( i ;m I I .....,, I iilversity. l'rofosM>r Raymond 

is til' ' I- of •M>\er.il volumes on art snbjiH-ts, including " Art 

^n Til  . :o..l " r:iiiiiln/', Sciiliiture, and .\rchit<M;turo as 
!.'. 1 • -■ I  i' ^ • \;'-. iKWik is illiistratcHl with 

.,ii..i;i! i.n- ifi I ; ■•  I ;. .'"I ~ lo niasternii'ci-s in ;ill llie 

other aita. 



Fieri 
liy 0«ii' 
ntoriea 
(teoeral 

" A^ 

in America. 

luanrl fnr M 



nil is piililishin^ a xoltiinc «>i stori<'S 
. entitle<l " SjKirt in War." Tho 
in the lUnlmiiituii Magazine, The 
■r. 

il Cn. ^ri> piililisliine the new novel 

I Ml-. ' L.ul. . K'.Jijfs), «'ntitle«l 

, I' :ii:iiiis ic'ii'iii ly brought out 

' there is still a stc-Kly ile- 

II Case "—though hundreds 

liave l)e<'n l)nblish«'<l since it 

I the Piifnatns an? preparing a 

iiig the total nuinlier 

 other novels are now 

\%;iiM, I^H'k- " ,\ Prince of 

and " B«'tween Two Fires ; a 

 '  '■ '  ' ' in s<'rlal 

ill add 
' >• inil 



M. ; 

Warden «•' i 

\pron." nnr1 



iirUully auMHUit* 



I , .,,.(! 

., ), V. .1. Wills (•• The bean's 

 en (" Monica "). " Monica " 

«ii or iMilM V. nni ago by WanI and 

;<«, but It 1,.- 1/1 '11 cntirt-ly rt'vi»e<I and 

to a new novel in iUi protcnt form. 



Mr. Clement Scott is alMUit to )>ocomo anwlitor. It is 
announcctl that ho is pn-iuring a new weekly s<H'ieiy pagier, tlio 
tlrst niiiiilier of which is e\|)ect««l in SeptouilK>r. Messrs. 
(ireeniiig will be the publishers. 

Mr. Frank T. .4ddyiuan, of St. Givirge's Hospital, has in 
hand for publication a volume on " Practical X-Ray Work," to 
Ik- issue<l by Messrs. Soott, Urooiiwood, and Co. 



Books to look out ftop at onoe. 



By JuM'ph Walton, 
By tlie Uiv Lonl Ux-li. 



M.i*. .Sitiiipsi>u 

Elgin 'a Second 
Third Editiou. 

( ' ' Builders of 
■r rnwin. S<i. 



THE FAB EAVT- 
' Chiiui ukI tho Pn'M'iit t'riisi» 

Low. 
 A Pi-nmonl Nurmtivi! 

Eiiilmiwy to China in 1K60 

Murray, 2s. (kl. nrt. 
' Sir tStamfonI Kidflrii : Eiiglaml in thi' Fur Baiit. ' 

Ort'Kt«-r Britain " Serifs.) By Hugh Egrrtoii. FiHhe 

HISTORY — 
■Picturcsof theOlilPrrnchCourt." Byratherint'.\.B<'arm'. Unwin. 10ii.6d. 

* .V Review of Irish Hintory in Kelation to the Social Development of 

Irelaml." By J. P. Gannon. Fisher Unwin. 6s. 

FICTION — 
•Betw...n Two Fir<-><: A Story of the B4>er War." By H. Goldinc. 

Will-.!. I.mk. 3«. 6<1. 
' .\ Prince of Swinillers." By Guy Boothhy. Want, Lock. On. 
' Mv Aftenlreaiii : A Sequel to Mr. Bi-llaiiiy's ' Looking Baokwartl.' " 

By "Julian WeBt." Finher I'nwin. 4«. 

• A Gift from the Grave." By E.lilh Wlwrton. Murniy. 2s. 6.1. net. 
' Fitijames." By Lilian Street. Methuen. 3«. 6il. 

Ml- .rs— 

•K 

' O... i ud 

J. Utho Paget 



Enulanil." By Arrhilmlil Colquhoiin. Harpers. 6*. 
,1 WoiMlUnils." Bt Dr. John Niabet. "Hunting." By 
et. " HaihloD Hall Library." Dent. 7s. 6<l. net each. 



LIST OF NEW BOOKS AND REPRINTS. 



BIOGRAPHY. 

Elisabeth de Bavl^pe.Imp^pa- 

tplce d'Autnlche. Hvf 'onstantin 

Chr '  • ' iie<l by 

(i;, .,-^3 pp. 

Pa . Kr.3..W. 

Hlatoi'leni ChMl'ueLei'S. By Sir 
U. L. hitlu-tr. 71 • .'liTi.. :m pp. 

Marinillftn. ii. fid. 

Ess&l aup Laurent de M^dlols 
dlt le MagnlflQue. \W Amtrr 
l.iiiiy. 7 • Ijiii.. 1)17 ijp. I'ari^.. 

I'errin. Kr.3.50. 
DRAMA. 

Two Staare Plays. Drw-pilVs and 
Herbert's Atn iMiid- 

age. By l.ii in., 

'.21^ pp. Uriiii -. n. 

The pplnceos. .\. I'lay in Two 

.\ets for Ihe I'so of Schools. Kroni 

Ix>r<i 'r4-nnyMtii'p. I\ieni, HyL.Iiosgi. 

61x4iln.. .yj pp. Ilent. Is. n. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

La Boaga d'Or, ami other Stories. 
\ Kcnder for Middle and Upper 
Forms. Kd. by K. Wefkley. i J x 
.Mn.. llllpn. Blaekie. Ih. «d. 

The iEneld of Vlp^ll. Hook III. 
Kd. by 1'. Samiforit. 71 /Sin., 
ISilpp. H''   '- 'M. 

Johnson: Lives of " uid 

Addison. (The K. -i 

1->1. by ./. Uiiihl . '1.. 

Ixxiii. i JiBlpp. HI sf. 

Soott: The Lady < ke. 

(The Knuli-li i ' If. 

E. W. Collint- ,ip. 

Dpyden's Essay ul Ui-uiiihi1o 
Poesy. Kd. by t). .V. Hmi(h. 71 - 
.'.in.. US pp. Jlla.klu. is. 

The Oepman Emplp*. .\ii 
HIstorinil Header. By J. Lang- 
hain. Tix.iln.. IS\ pp. 

Sonnensrlit'in. 2s. (id. 

FICTION. 

Pop Britain's SoldiePS. Hy 

.S. M. Oockeh 

«'. J.Cutclitro 

Hy. pp. , 

Meiliuen. 

The Compleat Baohelop. 

inirrr IMiOn: Ti • .'.In,. I'»: p|.. 



«.. 



I>s. 

My 



Gup Cove. 

Ki-h. ; vr 
S 
Ix 
The I 
h.j: 



-h 



.\ri.«.».i'i. t 



I' 

The Crimson Ci 

gAjih.. iMpo. .1 

L» Flsup do Jole. 

/ rtumr. 'i  JJln.. . ; 

Lomcr.'u. lrJ.M. 



OEGORAPHY. 
Fopt St. OeoPKe, Madras, ly 

Mrt. F. J'rnnu. '■> '■ .''iin.. 'J»t pp. 

Sonneiivriiein. IiK. i;d. n. 

A School Oeog-paphy of the 

World. Hv /.. II'. l.!/ilr. 7 (Jin.. 

382 pp.  HiH<k. 's «a. n. 

LITERARY. 
Judgment In Lltepatupe. (Tho 
Tciiiplo I'l-iinen'.) Ily 11'. Bajiil 
H'omfoltl. tix4in.. »2 pp. Ifent.ls.n. 

MILITARY. 
Mechanical Traction In Wap. 

By Lieut. Cot. O. lAiyri-.. Tnins- 
lated by K. B. Maniton. 10 x Sin., 
102 pp. SaiupM>n, Low. 5«. n. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 
People You Know. Ivl. by Ptrcy 
A. Jlitrd. 7i xain.. J17 pp. 

.\rrowKniitli. Ss. M. 

Economics of Modern 

Cookery. ><■■ " i' "■■"orA-. 

7xiin...'r nd. 

Some Ox "ir 

KriundM. i  ...-..; ,i..,i*r. 

8xS4in., laupp. uitorri. 

llliickwell. 3h. n. 

POETRY. 

The Soliloquy of a Shadow 

Shape on a Holiday ri>om 

Hades. Hy A. H. Scuift. 7iK 

.'■in. Kamlnko. Is. 6d. n 

POLITICAL. 
Open Letteps to Lord Curzon 
on Famines nn<i Land 
Assessment- ' ila. By 

R. V. Diitt.iW iW pp. 

I 7rt. (id. 

Britain and Boci< Independ- 
ence. 'I'riiii..lnie(l fr«ini tlie French 
of E. \nntlr. 7i  tliri.. t'A pp. 

Hli.kumHi. 8d. 

Chlna-The Long'-Llved Bm- 

plP«. Hy A'/i;(i l{. .Sriilmore. 81 X 

Jiin., leepp. .Miiciiiillan. 8«. tid. n. 

REPRINTS. 

Twelfth Nlffht and 
Richard II. (The Cblawlcli 
Sliake»piare.l Kd. by .A Drnnin, 
II. tin. Hell. iK. 6d. n. each. 

Henpy V. iSwan Kd.» Ed. by/, 
/•'rrt/iisun. 7i A.'iin.. IBl pp. 

l/4jni{nianH, Ik. 

The Natupal HIstopy of 8«l- 
bopne. Hy >;.;'...' 11 7, ^^. (Tlio 

l.ihrary of Ki . ' ^.1 9X 

i.in.. liKi pp. .^! •-. (kl. n. 

TOPOOHAPHY. 

r.o'.'.iiiv (•Hide to Swanajp* 
nnrt District. Hj 'Vu' Holland. 
71 » liln., 81 pp. i 'canton. Od 



KInar 

let 



Jitciiiturc 

Published by ZbC Zimce. 



No. 145. SATURDAY, JULY 2S. IWm. 



CONTENTS. 



PAMC 

N0TE8 OF THK Day - iV>, M. 57 

Pkrhonai. Views— "TIu» Mcnlem Novel." by Alice 

II.TlKTt - 58 

Walter Pater, by Liiurie Magnus 6K 

Thk Stoby ok the Clarendon Press 6(> 

TuAfKEHAY AND THE Staiie (From a Correspondent) ... 83 

FRENTH .\N(a.()lMI(>HIA AM) .\\(i L<>M ANl A Bl 

Reviews 

China, the l^)iig-liveil F.iiipiii- (U 

A Century of OiTiiian Literatuit- (Kl 

WilliHiii SImki'spcare : Pi-<is<>(ly ami Text <Kt 

An Italian on Kn^lisli Ixwal (iovcrnMii-nt 07 

Kiiropriui Si'llliMiivnlM in Ilio Kiir hjml -Sir Stjimford ItiiItU"* Thu 
Ex('rfi..c of JtulKiiifnl iti I.itfnitiiro --Th« Stiiitli Afrlriiii Con- 
Hnlnuv Hrii'ii' ,.i,,i Mimt IniU'pi'iirtcnco S'liliil ami tlu> BfM'i-" 
Itaiitlticink : i^t Afiira unit I'tciincla KatniiteH in Inilia 

lull St iilni" Indi'v Id <'li»rti'i-> niid RolU 

.MrcliiLuiciil 1 a War- UuKHipy (iiiidc lu .SwaiiaKC 08. (HI, TO 

KiiiKhU of the rn>»>. Iti'VriiKefiil KaiiK« Smutiiarv (liib Catced 
A Corner in Sleep and oilier InipoMilbillliun I'lie r><^iint of 
the Uuchew 70 



Adtuors and Publishers 

LlBT OF \kw Hooks ani> Kki'IIINI's 



n. 



NOTES OF THE DAY. 



Colonel Scliiel, the well-known (iorfiiiin olllcer of the Boit 
(krmy, now un exile with Cronje at St. Helena, has written a 
book giving his ox|>erienees lK>th as a Boer oflicer and a prisoner 
in British hands. Messrs. Melhnen ar«; his publishers. 
* • • • 

The announcement suggests all manner of interesting pos- 
sibilities. Cronje's remiiiiseenoes would make a fascinating 
volume, and there nnist be many other Boer prisoner-i who have 
thrilling stories to tell. Colonel Schiel, it will be rememlM-wd. 
was captured at Klandslaagtc in the llrst stage of the war. and 
has evidently written his liook in the leisure moments snatched 
fl-oiu his fruitU'ss attempts to devise some means of escaiw. Hi- 
was a lieutenant of Prussian hussars alxnit thirty years, and 
quitteil the service to seek employment in South Africa. The 
Transvaal Governiuent engaged his servi<'es shortly after the 
London Convention was signiKl, and subsecjuently sent him to 
Berlin to learn the latest gunnery improvements, buy artillery, 
and dr.aw plans for forts. The results of that mission have l)een 
severely felt by us in the present campaign. 

» » * • 

Visitors to the Lake District have now a fresh place of 
pilgrimage provide*! for them in the liuskin Exhibition at 
Coniston. B<-)th the artistic and the literary sides of the master's 
career arc well rcpreseute<l there, .\mong the lMH)ks an' his tirst 
published writing in Loiidoir.i .\/(ig(iri"ii<* 0/ Sobinil HiMorii, ISM ; 
his llrst publisluHl poem, 1835 ; his Newdlgate prize poem ; Brst 
editions of " The Seven Lamps of Architecture," " The Stones 
ot Venice," " Motlern Painters," " Time and Tide," and 
" Elements of Drawing " ; and there are also the manuscripts of 
some of his unpublished writings, a Greek Psaltor of 1300. which 

Vou VII. No. 4. 



Kukkin annotHted, the original MH. of Mir Walter HcvKt'* " TIm> 

Black Dwarf," and a ]■ '.n ropy • '  ''' ,t 

Rogers' " Italy." The will b«» li .i 

ttwful to students of Kiiskiiiianu, a* all the relir* an> tru«l- 

\v..iiiillv .( ii,.<l. 

Oiiii' aK-iin the cry of " Knu- for the Irish " ' 1 

new we»<kly review, to !>•• called the Letulrr, 1 m 

Dublin on Saturday, tut Sepicmlier, baring for ita aim " tlm 
de-Angllcizatlon of Ireland." K'  I ' md I» 

avowedly |Mililical, Iwing either ~ : hat 

the Lriidfi- is to pn^aeh the doctrine that out of politic« no 
go(Ml can come for Ireland. " It will face fact* a* they 
art>, however humiliating : and the actual Irotand. and not 
the Ireland of dreamers and romancers," 1 

vii'w. Though convince<l that no r«>al Iri il 

Irish is reinstated as the national language, thta reriow, being 

prac-tieal, will l)e almost wholly written hi I 

Miot<>rs ri'cognise the fact that Ireland li 

iM'come almost completely English, and must proce«l from 

what is to what ought to lie." The editor is to lie .Mr. D. P. 

Moran.a journalist who, during the |nst two yean, hai iMWUcon- 

triliiiting to the .Vrir Irrlniiil lirrifir a series of ^ 

on phases of the nationalist agitation, the Irish  

ment, the Irish theatre, and what is called " the Celtic note " 

in Irish literature, all of which he thinks are huge shaiiM. The 

price of the f.nnlrr will Im- one penny. 

ll is inlcrcsi iiig m I'mi n In.u .>i 1 . ii'<- |>r..|Hiv..^. iiK>- 
Salvini, to repr<'M>iit Othello not as a blackamoor, Imt »» u 
cop|K<r-ci>|oured MiMir. That this was not 8I1 

seems clear from the text. " I am black." >.-. .. 

and another jiersonage in the play speaks derisively of his "thick 

li|)s." .\gainst a " black man." how,^ 

as was nuide abundantly cl«>ar on the in. 

Lord Salisbury applie<l the wonis to a fellow-eltiien of Par»e«' 

origin. 

* • » 

The announcements ni.idc by Mr. Tret- . 
to his future plans at Her Majesty's Tii 
surprise. This was the fact that he had just purcha.se<l a poetic 
play by Mr. Stephen Phillips. It is called Thf King of th<- ■' 
and the King in (luestion is HerotI the CSreat. TIh? subject 
material for many tr.ige»lies. Which one of the dark epi~.«i.- 
ot the Idiimiean tyrant has Mr. Phillips chosen 7 In all pi 1.. 
bility that which ended in the death of the beantiful Mariamn.. 
Soon after he married Mariamnc, li 
his popularity. For this he was >■ 

of the young man's mother, allied by Cleopatra, to apitear beCon- 
Antony. Before he starte<l on his journey he committeit 
Mariainne to the charge of a tnistcd friend, onlering that, if 
any evil fate befel hini.self, she should al.so be put to death. He 
came back safely, but shortly afterwards he had to visit .\ntony 
once more, and made the same arrangement. This time MariamDe 
heard of his savage injunction, and on his return she t;i\f.I 
him with cruelty and de«-lared her hatre<l of him. Herod. Ix-' i 
himself with rage, ordered her to be killed. The shi>ck w.i 



56 



MTERATIRE. 



[.luly 28, 1900. 



Kivat that his uiind lont its ImUmma. Byron in oii« of his 
" Hebrew loelodies" made Hrmd lament for Marianne. 

Oh '. Mariamn« ! now for thee 

The heart for whii'h thou bteod'M is Meodiiix; 
ReveoKe is lost in at;«'>ny 

And wild ruuionto to mfce succeedinK. 
Hcrod'a relation* with K>Mm> mixht also (iiraish n dmiim of lUrriiiK 
p(waiMliti«a ; the orarty manner in which he played with the 
I g wwml»— Caaaar, Antony, AuKustun, were eaeh his good 
I eontrast between the out»-.«rd Miceess of his life und 
tb« inward remonte of his old :i^e. Mr. Phillips has cortainly 
^elected a ftne protaffoniat for his traffecly. The only wonder is 
that no grt*t play has ever lioen written ii|>on Herod's career. 
SaJomtf wika a remarkable effort of imagination, but hardly a great 
dnuaa. Let ns hope we shall not have to wait as long for Hit 
King of ffcc '■■"- ■- "" >eem likely to wait for Pnoln niid 

Frmneftnt. 

• - •  

It appears that the iMoksellers are memorialising the pnb- 
lidiera in the ho|)e of getting more liooks published at net prices. 
Their point is that, in the case of net iKmks, they can make a 
proflt by ordering a single copy at a time, whereas in the case 
of other Ixmks their proflt is only apprtH-iablo when they are 
able to pay for twelve and get lhlrte<>n. Whether this argument 
will appeal to the publishers remains to be seen. They may 
r«M- liold that, as the liookseller is under no statutory or 

oti.- ^tion to allow his customers Iwenty-flve per cent, 

fliscoant on his goods, his business is so to fix his prices that 
proflt will result : and we lH>lievo that this is how a good many 
pablishers do argue. On the face of it there certainly does not 
■eem to be any reason to expect that enduring advantage will 
result from tnterference with the competitive tendencies of 
human naturt; in the liook trade any more than in the trade in 
bicycles, or boots, or patent medicines, or any other commodities. 

• • » ■» 

An appreciation of Samnel Hicbardson written on the actual 
tlay of his death, ami evidently by a frien<l, possesses real 
interest. On the opening le-aves of a copy of the 0rst of the 
•even volumes which fonn the rd if io priiip«ps of " Clarissa," 
thf '    Mi«h1 not«' ap|M>urs. It is in the handwriting 

• il .. -. one is l«>und to confess, that KichanUon, 

«• b«.-re repn-M>nte«l, might well lie stufftnl and canonized bt-eause 
bU good i|ualities have no complementary shadows. It was 
Tainc who hi-ld (hat Hir I'harles (inindiwin, with his wearisome 
saiM-riorities, should Im* so lifted out of the human pale. 

July 4. I7»l. Till" morning liUtl in the 7l'nd vimi- of his 
a|p>, at hi* hornu- in Hnlisbury Court. Fleet 8tr(>et, Mr. Samuel 
'■ '  ■T, and the celcbral*-*! author of 

-sa.aiid Sir Cliarles (irauilisoii - 

itM's, which do honour to our 

•'>f of his original, extensive, and 

I MIS : so inuiiy of his friends and ac<|iialntances, 

;i -Il are some of the most reputable characters of the 

»■,!'.  >'• 'I iy regret his loss atul long n-ineinlN>r him for the 

a"  i-iiir- ■■•m<d qualities by which his private life 

• ie in business, his nnwearicMl appli. 

.. .... ..,.^ ... i.-ifonn in the literary way what might 

 l>Osed to lie the sole employraeul of his life ; and 

''.r a numerous famllv ' - mo 

I was constantly < , in 

and iincomin'Mi ^. . ...ity. 

H ■rvoiis diwinlfr. hi- . .i -, ..l.lijiod 

ly ; yet did 

; .IS commonly 

incapBcilatea the siillerer from going through tbc ordinary 



duUea of U* life, in the least abate the flow of his genius, the 
li\'elin<-»» of his fancy, or the ardour of his industry — a rare 
I'xample how much may bo perforuuxl by a single person when 
a large share of natural sagacity, joined to an active, well- 
ilisposeil mind, is e\crt«><l to the utmost. 

When allowance In- made for the formal phraseology of the 
day, the sincerity of the writer cannot lie (|uestioned. One of 
the quaintest touches is the assurance that the novelist had as 
friend or ac(|uaintanoo some of the most " reputable characters " 
of his day ; its very su|>erfluity is its charm. 

* * .* 

By the way, Richardson is commonly held to have died, not 
ill Salisbnry Court, but in Parson's Ureen, whithor he removed 
from North End in 1755. Can it be that his biopri\phers are in 
error, and that the slr<ike of apoplexy to which he succumbed 
found him in Salisbury Court, in tlie house of which years iK'fore 
Mrs. Richardson had disapproved ? A iiersou writing on the 
ilay of his death would not be likely to confuse the vicinity of 
Fleet Street with Parson's Green, then practically a country 
place. Those who visit on Sunday afternoons the late Sir Edward 
Burne-.1one3' studio at North End may lie reminded that in a 
little summer-house or grotto in the middle of the garden, 
Richardson wrote much of " Pamela," " Clarissa," and " Sir 
Charles Grandison." It was here " he lived in a kind of flower- 
garden of ladies," and after his death Mrs. Barbauld kissed the 

ink horn in which the novelist was wont to dip his pen. 

* • * « 

If it be true that we are to see further journals of Marie 
Basbk!rt8<*ff, lovers of the morbid may look forward to some 
interesting pages in the autumn. This neurotic young woman's 
diaries caused a sensation among all kinds of people when they 
ap|H>ared some ten years ago. Mr. (!ladstoiie was drawn into 
discussing them, and Marie BashkirtHcIf at once Im-cuuic a 
decadent classic. Her egoism had a certain fascination about 
it, hikI the pathos of her brilliant young life, cut short by con- 
sumption, added perhajis a sentimental int«'rest to her views of 
the world and art and her place in both. The new journals are 
said to be those of her last year, and to include a romantio 
correspondence which she kept up with Guy de Maupassant. 

* • * « 

A setting of Milton's " Blest Pair of Sirens " is one of the 
most popular composit Ions of the new Professor of Music at Oxford, 
and no one is more enamoured of thcst? two sirens, litcrsiturc and 
song, than the Professor himself. His " Evolution of the Art of 
.Music" ranks high in musical literal uro, and he was an assiduous 
contributor to Grove's Dictionary. Poets, loo, owe hiiu a debt of 
gratitude. He is a pioni'or in the movement for showing gnmter 
respect for metre than the song-writers of old. As line examples 
of his taut in tinding the musical e<|uivalents for verso rhythms 
we can recommend our more songful readers to attempt Sir 
Hnlierfs sc-ttiiig of Tennyson's " The Poet," Suckling's 
" Why HO iiale and wan, fond lover," or the .\nacreoiitic ode, 
" Fill me, Isiy, as deep a draught." It is natural that 
the Prof«?ssor, who lays so much stress on the artistic 
fltness of music to it« end, should have chosen " Style 
in Musical Art" for the subject of his inaugural lecture, 
which has reached us from the Clarendon Press. A musician, 
as hu says, must keep rigidly to the fonn and character of the 
particular style of composition ho has selected. The same holds 
good in literature. The writer who pens a lyric in the spirit of 
" Para«lise Lost " is as domcnte<l as the composer who writes 
op<'ratic music for the Church. Sir Hubert has an eye for style 
everywhere, even in nature— <•.(;., the stylo of an apple-tree, the 
style of an orange-tre«! -as dilTenMit as an opera from a sonata. 
The poets of the "orange-tree" and the "apple-tree"! — 
what an opportunity for a critic weary of the " ismguorous 
South," the " virile North," ami the ollii-r well-worn rlic.Mi 
of the historians of poetry ! 



July 28, 1900.] 



LITERATLRE. 



57 



It 1« not wholly to tlic frmllt of Fn-tich piihlUhorn ihnt 
Slonklpwlcz's " Quo Viuliii," »<> iHtpiiUr In :ill KniflKI ' ' < 

<'oiiiitri<>**, UN wi'll iiH in (•(■niiiiiiy iiixl Italy, lisi* unly jii <l 

in I'aHx. Bill fm- tin- Itfrne Ulniichi' and llii- Mi-rfiin- c/r I'liuu-e 
iiioit of tlio iH-tt lliat is tlimiKliI nnd ^ai(l oiiNiili' of Fntnro 
would have lilllo cliaiici- of ii|i|H>ariiiK in a Fntncli dn-ns. The 
French voi-xlon of " Qno Vadls," which wo owe to two Pole*. Is 
)iiilpIishod ))y the llffiif Uliiiii-hr, and fjimis a volume i>f mfi 
liagcM, n« iHilky a» fh<> liipjfcut of M. Xola'^ novcli. The 
lorni and manner aro not Nuch as to i-ecununend the book to the 
Krenoli. Unt it cmnVN out ho well advertlied with reports of the 
prodigious llRun-s ivpn-iwntinit th«> naU- in other laii(cua(;e!i — 
1.000,000 co|)les in the United Slates. 40.000 in Italy, 1.50,000 in 
<lennuny— that the lionlevard bookshops aiv noting a "run " on 
the iMVik. The n'MRlous reviews, nmii-over, are now takin;; 
Sienkiowiex up. The f^iiiiifnini' pulilishes a curious study irf 
American life by him, i-iititled " The Comedy of Krrors," 
vemarkinK that If this t«le has never before been translated into 
French it has appeared iu volapuk ! It may Ije state<l, by the 
way, that tin- (mpular subscription orpiuized in Poland to cele- 
brate the tweiity-Ofth anniversary of Sienkiewic/'s literary 
(/('()!(( lias been sosuccessful that he is to receive from his admirers 
the gift of an anccstml chftteau belonpnjf to his family, with an 
immense parkland surronndiiif( it. This Is the domain of 
Oblepirek at Kielce, where the novelist s|H<nt his childhoo<l, 
and which j)assed out of his family dnriiif; the reverws of 
fortune. The /c/c at Wai-saw in the autumn, when the chateau 
will formally Ik> offered to Kienkiewic/,, will be in every 
MMise of the word national. 

* * * * 

The sugf^estion that Oliver (ioUlsmith was a " iiinrrio<l 
citizen " and that some of his descendants arc living in the 
United States is so (lersistently made from time to time that it 
liecomes almost a matter of necessity to trace the origin of the 
leffond. That Goldsmith was never marrie<1 — at least not to the 
knowleilRO of his imist intimate friends— is evident, since the 
letter* of Administration, to be si>«>n at Somerset Hoiino, descrilie 
him as " Bachelor,'' and were granted to Maurice tioldsmith, ".the 
natural and lawful brother and next-of-kin of Uic saiil deceased." 
Xotwithstaiiiliii}; this word "Bachelor," it is statetl and I)elieve<l 
in many ijuarters even yet that one Mary f)livia (ioldsmith, 
whose name is found in the |>nrish liooks of Islington, was none 
other than the poofs daiigliter, and that she livisl with him in 
the turret of Canonbnry-honse when he went there to lo<lge 

in 17C7. 

 •   

This, however, is merely an iiu-idoiil atTecting the story and 
not the origin of if. In 1834 one Oliver Ooldsmith published at 
St. .Tohn. New Brunswick, a small volume of verse calle<l " The 
Kising Village, and other Poems," a copy of which was solil the 
other day in a " parcel '' by auction in London. This Oliver 
tioldsmith tised tos.iy that he was related tohis greater namesake, 
iind so it happ<Mis that whenever the book apix^ars in a dealer's 
catalogue the author is invariably descrilwvl as " (iohlsmith 
(Oliver, a ilescendnnt of the author of 'The I)<>serted Village')." 
It was the publication of this book, combined with its author's 
assertion at the time, that gave currency to an improlmble, if not 
impossible, story, and the b(»oks<>llers' " common fonn " of 
ticscription has perpetiiate«I it to onr own day. 

 » * « 

Messrs. Sotheby's sale last we<>k included some good copies 
<if notable Knglish books, the principal being a long Shakespeart; 
series, comprising the Second Folio, a very poor copy— t;il ; 
the Thiifl Folio, im|x>rfect— 120 lOs. ; the Fourth Folio, a line 
copy in excellent condition— i;W 10s.; and the rare iiuartos, 
Love'g lMltoiii\i Lout, 1631— i;41 ; I'ericlex, H'i35— 1;21 10s. ; 
liomeo ami Juliet, UVIT— .t:«) ; Heiirj; tin: Fourth, ItBO— 
tl'O 10s. ; Othello, 10,55— £20. .lohnson.— " The Vanity of 
Human Wishes," first e<1ition, in original paper covers — 
tic 58. ; •' Dictionary of the English Language," llrst 
edition, in exceptionally line condition — SIS. Spenser.—" The 



Ftu>r\e Queeno." flmt tfci>r«- • 

Turl>«T\'lllo— •• r  ;• 

«orih. — " Lyi-i' 

Prior.-- ■• Poemx on 

- •• The t'fitei," II. 

Irvyne," II 

the priva' 

" Alalanla in t'alydon," lln.! islitlnn K'2 Is- 

Original MS. of " The B<Mly Hualeher " tH 1" 

" Kuhnlyat of Omar Khayyam," the r«r«' i 

nnd a presentstion copy »l thv Kelinaeott "t nau.'.'r 



There Is something pathetically 
Inlely disingeiiiloiis, in the outcry rai- 

Ih«' iloUM' of C'oinmons and iDcn ul 

Till- Iriith ihe coIiuuiim of Tlw Timt-M tor ii'  ■■• 

/.iiiil/ii(i|/c. ing of the Rrao Janipiage iu I 

their rlamonr repn^nents aii> o.-. i;\ 
on Ihe part of tlio Irish peojde is incredible, for  
of them who know nior<' tliuii a few words ol Iri>h ;- 
small and is Mli>adily diminishing, and lli<> naiiipul <|<».. . 
the aver»g«> inuu- to say nothing ol the 
transform his educational curriculum in 
can tin- talk lie ln-Iiovi-d to express any • 
ill iIk- bi-easts of tli<> agitators. Otherw) 
and Mr. T. P. O'Connor, and thos*- who think witli tln-ni, 
have taken the trouble to learn the language lb<>m<x<|v(i« in-. . .. 
of -teeking a vieurioua satiirfaetioii by trying to conip>*l oIImth t.. 
do so. The sentiment, in short, which kei>|M .i' 
langua({0» as Flemish, Wallon, Welsh, and Breton dm - 
iu the case of Krso ; and the arguments for i   
cially by Act of Parliament art- the purely 
of literary m«'n who have nothing in comna'ii wi 
nate children who would have Ihe trouble of pa 
tions in a siibjtM^t which would \w of no pracii' 
in after life. " Our <k«»ir«'," says Mr. Moon-, " i» 
as a univerKal language and to save our own tut a iii. 
some future literature. " But. surely, Mr. Moore, wli 
have sometimes circulated by tens of tbuUHaiids. niu«l 
feel the advantage of l>clng abb> to express himself 
me<liuin as nearly universal us |iossiblc. and doe« i 

wish to Ih' in the |M>sition of n iniinicr e\ 

colour-bliiul, or a musician playing to t 

could conceivably lie done by i. 

would be to give the langiuig«- 

in-obably r.ither less than, that of W.i 

Welsh. And what is the literary |ni~ 

which these languages are spoken by the ••••iiimon j" 

known liy the educated, and conid !•« use<l as liter.n 

niv€>ssary ? The fact is that, with very frwe\. 

are not used as literary media at all ; but tiui. ^ > - 

letters pwfer to interpret the gouiuii of their n.i' 

ihnnigh the miHlinm of some lunguagt> that i'- 

sIoikI. The chief exception is furnished by  

the Proveuval I><»'t ; but the  

who, for no other r»>asoii thiiii 

far more than Mistral to inlerpi.-i 

world. In the chm- of Flemish, Fi. 

which the greatest writers— such wn 

theaiithor of " Bruges-la-Morte '■ have^ 

to the characteristic genius of Flanders. Tlie great Br«-t..iis, 

again, write In French, ami the gr»-:it Welshmen write 

in Knglish ; and an even m4>re strikiitg instance of th— 

tendency is found in the ease of the great I>t-- • 

^laurten Maartens, who. thoueh he writes ol ]< 

anil from the I' ■^nt of vi. — the I ■. 

Milton to the lai _ Vondcl. !■• that lar^ 

can address a wider amlicnce. Wli- 

Mr. Mix>re's idea of teaching the '■ 

Schools in onler that work<« of :■ 

even more chimerical than most •■ 

pro|>ounds from time to lirae. 



58 



LITERATLRE. 



[Julv 'J^, 1900. 



Ipcreonal Uicws. 

 — 

TilK M(H>KKX NUVKL. 

No o<lior »rti»tic or \\nnlrt-l>c artistic pmdnot gets »ucli 
kcaot courtesy of trpatuioiit a* tlN> novel. W© ^ to a pUy and 
give it oiir attention, without any further distraction than the 
interludes : and even thvite wo sp«-nd largely in discus-tion of 
the play. The author has not to contend with half-a-dozen 
COnSietiof; atnioRpheri-H when he triiw to iin|irc>ss n-.. He holds us 
to the end of biit effort, and then, and not till then, abides by 
our verdict. The aaaie with the musician. We hear the hour 
throoffh ; we sit oat the symphony to the end — the first in 
kllencp, for temr of offence, the itceood in coni|Kiralive silen04>, for 
fe«r of detection as a person of |Hx>r taste, one who will " roar 
bestial loud coniplaints aj^ainst tlic music of the spheres." But 
tlie DoTel, the work |)erha|>s of patient years, the pitiful " sus- 
tained effort " that has taken a man's lM*st energies out of him, 
and exhausted him as the l>ee is exbauKied by putting forth its 
Ming — how do w« treat it ? First of all. we read it with shame 
and ap<'' ' i aenae of waste of time. We talk over its head 

of war> iirs of wars, of gotisip and of plans for the day. 

We leave it for hours at a time, just when its atmosphere was 
beginning to make it.s<*lf felt. Some of us begin it at the end. 
which is like holding a picture n|>side down. Others break into 
it with a cour««' of half-a-do7^*n rival inioks, calculated l»etween 
them to kill its effect. Ot herb avowedly take it as a sleeping- 
draught, avoiding it with their clear brain and insulting it by 
th' -I OIK-. And all these will give yon their scathing 

Oi' : with all the grae«> in the world. Yet another class 

will read it attentively, devouringly, propping it against the 
milk-Jog at breakfast, and the soup-tureen at dinner, never 
looking up from it until the last |>age : and then putting it 
down with a heart-felt " Well '. Of all the dreary tw~addle I ever 
came across. . . . ! " 

Having put in a word for the most cruelly treated product of 
the age, I admit that it sometimes has uncommonly ludicrous 
feature*. First it was perhaps silly of onr great-aunt.s to make 
Angelina as l>eaulirul as the day, with golden hair down to her 
feet, tboogh for my own |Kirt I lik<-<t ii. It gave me a pleasing 
aenae of what young decadent writers, I believe, call " volu|>cy." 
It pmbably wa.s foolish. But why. in the name of all that is 
funny, do »v prefer .\ngc-linu nowadays m) p<irt<>ntonsly 
repulsive? Thus : — " The flun hair lay in wisps, each sidi- <if her 
haggard (ace. The slightly gross lips protruded, showing the 
Cbaracteriklic. uneven teeth. All her lieing suggested allure- 
moat. Oswald felt the strange. |>enel rating cliHrin that she 
evlialed. It was palpalile, like a vaiKiur. lie shiiddeifsl. ..." 
And we shudden-d with him -at Knit. Then we perceived the 
•ubtle Battery that lies in giving the reader a particularly 
|r •'. It implic*s that his imagination 

i* . thai il ne<-ds no coars*-, material 

aid*. He will listen and reflect and swallow bis loathing, anil 
aay. " I »«•  mean." 

WiM-n I' > ii-halred angel left I ho ordinary novel, the 

Ofleoaiveljr manly hero left it too, and took refogo in the his- 
torical one. Ah. Iht* historical one, what a visltatiim for sin it 
ean be ! Hnw wi.n «e know its dialogue '. This is the way il is 
dene. I -r writes, •• Do you know that .Mrs. Brown, 

the drji<t < brukeii her ana? " Now, this will not do 

at all. Bnt only pal it "Wot ye that Misiix^s Brown, the roere<>r's 
lady, hath fractured a limb?" Tliere yod have it -historical '. 



Then the strength of tho hero ! The ease with which he picks 
up the llve-foot-eight heroine " like an infant ! *' She re»iste«i 
a while, but then, methinks, it pleased her well to l>e thus hold 
against my heart." The suxirdsmanship of him, when he di-^arms, 
one after another, a riMimfnl of " the best blades in Eurojie ! " 
Kxcept in some half-a-tloM-n cas<>s which do not nee<l ((uoting. 
I give up the historical novel. It is only in its artless pages 
that the ferociously virile being is met with. In the casual 
novel of genuinely " uHKlern " tyiKS the hero has more often the 
j>cr«»»»iW of the average ("ity clerk. He is aniernic, s|H!Ctacle<l, 
round-shouUlei-eil. He ap|M-als to every subtle sense and disdains 
the eoalheaver's recommendation of brute force. Tho lady 
uiakes uj) for hini. She is a modest and muscular type of young 
gentlemanhoo«l. She is usually a little affronted at the notion of 
marriage with the hero, but i-egards hiai as a lield for delicate 
ex|>eriment, finally leaving him a sadder and a wiser man, after 
marrying sonielxKly t-lse and Ix-ating him in a cricket match and 
the I>indon Tri|K>s. All of which shows a sound grasp of the 
tendency of the age. 

There are sides to the modern novel which I have no room' 
to touch on here. But the ))articulur crimen allegetl against it 
by votei-.nis of l>oth sexes, who read no Action but |>opnlar bio- 
graphy and tho newspaiwrs, are all to be found to this day. Only 
you must l<x»k for them in the yearly output of certain men and 
women (more fre<|tienUy the latter) who once delighted the 
world with the mild love-affairs of some pre|)osterous but 
engaging young people, and go on, year after year, trading on 
an ancient " name," in pathetic oblivion of the facts that the 
marriage begins the misunderstandings now, instead of ending 
them ; that Angelina should be a lecturer on biology and a 
little repulsivc-l<K>king, if she is to attract ; that the feudal 
peasant, with his "the squire's little lad.v— bless her kind heart ! 
She never forgets old Giles," has given place to tho slightly 
indelicate humorous rustic as comic relief — and many other facts. 
In short, these writers can hardly be called " mo<lern " at all. 

To every age its own tolly and a little more accuracy — 

esiK-ciallv in criticism. 

ALKK HKRBKKT. 



WALTER PATER. 



At last we are lo have an cWi/ioti c/c /ii.vc ui Walter Pater. 
The six years which have passed since his too early death have 
not Ik-imi cai-eful of Ills memory. He stands outside the ordinary 
caU'gories ol classilicat ion. A critic, yes; but not in the 
deliljerate, ditUictic fasliiiin in which Matthew .Vriiold instructed 

thechildi of this woi-ld in tlie counsels of the children of 

light. He forlK>re .\rnold's privilege of Judgment. He was less 
judge than interpi-etcr. His was the faculty of disengaging the 
evidence till the witnes»o-s express<»d themselves in the logical 
order of their thought. He brought elusive facts to utterance, 
lalMtnring at them, detail by detail, jwint after point. One 
after another they emergi-d from the misis, shilling in their 
divers coloiii-s. bill hariiioniously iiiform<-<l with the common 
light that reveals them. 

It follows that Pater can never Im- a popular critic. The 
current jargon of criticism offendiHl his fastidious taste. Hi> 
vocabulary was full of curiously arresting words, ti-mis which 
stretch into the distance, and awake a f<s'ling of pers|ie<'tive. 
He mixed his palette with half-sha<le-., a purple at once nnl and 
blue, a gn'y in preference to black or white, a primrose neither 
green nor yellow. And in token of this susiieiidcil judgment 
and subtle extension of phrase. Paler esi>e<-ially chose for study 
 III- |>eri«Mls indicating transition. Thi' dawn of Christianity iik 
Pagan Koine. thc« birth of Cioi-ilaiin Biiino in miHlieval Kuro|w. 
the s|»ecnlations of Plato— so Attic, yet so Pauline — the linki 



July 28, 1900.] 



LITERATURE. 



59 



iK'twiMMi cIsiHticimn and romnnHclHiii, th<>>«< mark tli<» nfllnlli' ' 
Pater's miml. wliicli dwfU In Ii-hh nrdnouH hours on kindn-d i 
of intiTprctation — tli«> ixx-rnH of CoIorldKC or Hos-m-tti, th« in.ulis 
of Dionysus or Dt>uH't<'r. 

Pntor, <lii>ii. Is hard to road. Pap' afliT pafirii niiiy I)" 
turnod, nnd nothing fjaiiiod by tho f-xorclst'. Ho luis " ntino- 
siilioro" — that not dollnnhio (|nnntity whloh Macanlny, for 
iiistaiK'o, ollniinatod from his mmlcl lonomontx kiml of i»tylt«-- 
i-ach sontoni'i" a rompact rcooiitaolo for llio sonlimont It oon- 
laiiiod. Pator was not compact. Tho rich cadcnct> of his 
tncaiiiuK mwcIIs IhrouKli his pat'os like vals<>-music, till tho 
reader Is nia/i'd with melody, nnd loses the lltne in the tune. 
Yet this sensitive faculty for the shlfliuK hues ..f the thiiiR ««'ii. 
this power to expren-s- or, rather, to impress- the shallows of 
the f\eld and sea, as the sun and wind and eloiids pass over 
them, which Pater possessed so eminently, has dowered litera- 
ture with a treasuro-hons<> of i)lirases. Well ni(;h a new 
lanKuaRO was coini>il by Pater in his careful s«'Iection of 
epithets. The " discre<'t and scrupulous simplicity " of 
Aurellus; the "wistful lolenince" of Monlaipiio ; the "Rnicious 
unction " of medieval I^tiu pstiimody ; the " tnnndluous ricli- 
ness " of (ioelhe's eulluro ; the "jtreat meekness of the 
jiraceful, wil<l creature, tamod at last," of SliakOHpoare's 
Kli'haril II.; Ijamh's readiness "to teach the lllllo arts of 
ha))pInoss " ; t'oleridpre, wllli his " passion for the absolute, his 
raininess, his broken memory, his intellectual dls(|uiet " ; 
Honsard's poetry. In which thlnfis become at once " more deeply 
sensuous and more deeply ideal " ; Wordsworth's " sudden 
passaRo from lowly thouphts and places to tho majestic forms 
of philosophical imagination, tho play of these forms over a 
world so diHerent, eiilarRluK so stran|;ely the bounds of its 
humble churchyards, and breakinR such a wild litht on tlie 
praves of christened children "- -there is an individuality, an 
unconventionalKy, in (heso descriptive passages which stamps 
Pater's criticism as unii|ne. The critic's snprouic function— to 
help us to ivad well is rtilllllod. 

.\dd to this skilful luipi-esslonlsm Pater's ic--e nf iiniiL'inallvo 
lauKuapc. W'c road of Gaston do Latonr : — 

In the sudden ti'omor of an ajjctl voice, i 111- ii.iiiiiurjf; im ;i 
forgotten toy, a cliildish drawiii!;, in the tacit observance of a 
(hiy. lie l)ei'amo awais' suddenly of the great stream of human 
tears falling always through the shadows of the world. 
Wo ai-o told of Botticelli that his character was the 

result of a blending in liimofa sympathy for hiniinnityin Its 
uncertain condition, its attractiveness, its investiture at rarer 
moments In a character of loveliness and energy, with his 
consciousness of the shadow upon It of the great things from 
which it shrinks. 
Or, as a last ranilom Illustration, t.ike this siMitoiice from 
the essay on Sir Thomas Browne - 

The really stirring poetry ol -.< hh,  i-. mn m -m --s,-^ i.r 
facile divinations about it, but in its large ascertained truths 
the order of Intlnite space, the slow methwls and vast results 
of infinite time. 

Is there not in (heso phrases a trac<' of what Paler dcflneil 
as iho perfection of lyrical .style, depending, in part, on " a 
certain su|>pressIon or vagueness of mere sidjject, so that the 
meaning reaches us througli wiiys n"! ■Ii--ini.-ily traceable by 
the nndei-standing " ? 

Pater, the imaginatlv(- impre-.>i.iiii-.i , hi- many explicit 
precepts for lh(< guidance of iniinirers. A few of them may bo 
collected here : — 

To dis<'rimina(e schools of art, of llli>ralure, is, fif course, 
|mrt of (he obvious business of literary crillcism ; but . . . 
In Irulli, tho legitimate contention is, not of one ago or school 
of literary art against another, but of all successive schimls 

alike against the stupidity which is dead to il"' -nlwin , ni.l 

the vulgarity which is dead to tho form. 

The liasis of all artistic genius lies In the |>o«<i- i.f cmi- 
eoivlng linmanKy in a now and striking way, of p\itling:t 
happy world of its own creation in place of the nwaner world 



... M'lectin(;, tmnafnmiliiK, rroom- 
' tninwniitK. 
Ni.l to .1 'e every 

altitude in III' ii aw Is. 

sun, to ide«>p iM-forc evening. 

This review of PnU-r'x claim- k. ..•.,-, ... ...,.- 

eluded by n brief examination of hi* Mielho<l. IIU raiMy on 

Wor«l(iworlh, in the " A|>i" 'te*! 

to thlH puritow*. Pater ih's 

essential di i|ia- 

canling the ; the 

distinction " Im'Iw.smi higln-r ami limi-r nr v In 

the poet's |M>rceplIiin of his subject, and in hi ii i>f 

himself upon his work." A couple of )iagiit an» then tievotod 
to " the duality iH'lweon higher and lower moutbi, and the xntrk 
done In them," of which Wordsworth was so shininK "n oiamplo. 
Thns Pater sfnick on tho very thretthoM of hU tiMk the xprlDgt 
of Wordsworth's induenre. Thono who iindiTKo It. he leltii a*. 
" are like people who have passed tin .... ^^^ ^ 

ilLirlplInn (iri'diii. by submitting to which ully 

able to distinguish in ait. spe<»ch, fei'ling, lu.. 
is organic, animated, expr<>s.tlve from lli 
ilorlvatlve, conventional, inexpressive." ^ 
of Wordsworth's mind anil art. There w:i 

are told, in tho flawl«»>ts Pateros<|ue style, " a certain content- 
ment, a sort of inborn religious placidity." which, combined 
with the " simiewhat monotonous spaces " of hin life to nutniv a 
" quite unusual s<>nslhility, n>ally innate in hira, to tt ^ - ' • 
and sounds of tho natural world — the flower and its s! 
tho stone, the cuckoo and its m-Iio." Tin 
critic wont on, Wordsworth approache<l tho 
life: " by riising nature to tho level of huma' 
it [Kiwor anil expi-ession ; ho sulMlues man to i 
and gives him thon>by a certain bn-adth, ami anil 

solemnity." Tho last six words will again lie r. „ .| »». 
characteristically. Pater's. They are pictorial, allusive, 
scholarly, ivcalling to a full mind tho gracious pleaMincpii of 
llteratun> frora Virjtll's " latls otla fundis " to Tennyson'i 
" English homo ... a haunt of ancient p!»ace." Pater's 
methiMl is of no n.>)C for " cram." His students must brln^ to 

their tusk a sympathetic  ' ' " -s of 

Soi-rates they must be will iho 

longer road In the pur- .t"* 

guidance, we roach th not 

stood on thecritics'1'i-.gahcoulil liavi- ,-sennon: 

t'ontomplation - impassioneil i , ; i* with 

Wordsworth tho end-!n-itsclf, the jiorfoct end. Wo see the 
m.ajority of mankind going most often to definite ends, lower 
or higher ends, as their own Instincts may determine. . . . 
Meantimo . . . they move too often with -^ .if a 

.sad conntenanco ... it bi>ing possible for ib>> 

pursuit of even great ends, to l»ccoine ll- 
impoverlsluHl in spirit and temiM'r, thus d 
of |K>rfix'tIon in the world, at its vorj 
this protlominancc of machinery in our i- 

IHietry . . . is a continual protest. .Justify rather the 
end by tho means, it seems to say ; whatever may become of 
Iho fruit, make sure of tho flowers and the leaves. . . . 
That the end of life is not action but contemplation— bcini; as 
distinct from doini;,— a certain disposition of the mind, is, in 
some sha|M> or other, the principle of alt the higher morality. 
. . . To treat life in tlie spirit of art is to make life a 
thing in which means and • 
such treatUHMil, tho true moi 

KiTe-and-twvniy years or more have pa.vs<><l since tho first 
apiwamnce of thisessay. Wonisworth has been mlitod, noviewxHl, 
epitomized, pntnuiized, and taught. Studies as illuminating a.s 
M. liogouis' volume on tlio " Prelude." lalmnrs as tirelens as 
.Mr. Knight's, have lioen exiiended on tlu- poet. Yet, I vontupe 
to doubt, writing from no \  Min? 

of tlH> subject, if anything •, ■<jf\i 

published as (his holiday t;i.sli o( ili«,' Br.i.seuuM.' rcclu-M^. 

8 



60 



LITERATURE. 



[July 28, 1900. 



The *' Woittoworth " i* but on<» <«H<ny in a volun>o of eleven 
" Appraeiationa " : the "A: nt " but one of nvp 

Yolaaw of o<imIly rnlnriblo  and to tlioso are to bo 

•ddod ; '- 'I '!i'' ' 'I '■( Pater's 

life. S .... .'.lU'UUIl' tul.'H'" ''■• /"\.' 

ahoald be followed by a bandy volume of laelectioni. 

LAURIE MAiiM:>. 



THE STORY OF THE CLARENDON PRESS. 




SERVICE has lioon ronilorod to the Htuilrnt of t.V|)o- 
graphy, a« woll as to Oxfonl I'liivor^ity, by Mr. 
Horaoe Hart's ImlustriouH rr>!t(>arclios among tin' 
reconUt of the Clarpmlon Prpss, and tbo compilation 
of his ratalofruo of the ancient printinj: material 
iKmu. i-*cu I)olonf:iii£ to that institution. When, in 1883, Mr. 

«wJlL.V!!i!L . Hart was apitointed printer to the University 
— or archity|>o<:raphus, as ho would have iMH'n 

calletl in earlier days — he found the old ly|H?5t, niiitriooH, 

and punches resting from their I:i1>nnrs in a m(>hiiii<holy 

condition of nut and con- 

fOaiofl. He took them In 

band, arranged, classiflml, and 

cleanaed every part, and 

adopted means to presen-o 

them from further damage, the 

result being that the most 

interesting typographical col- 
lection «e iMMsesM is now kept 

in  worthy alike of the 

I'l. and the oldest 

foundry «■{ whi<-h the conntry 

ran Imnsf. To put the col- 
ic der much research 

w;i ry and some record 

desirable. " The record having 

been made," writes Mr. Hart, 

" it Deemed a pity to leave it 

In a rough state, partly 

manuscript and partly print "; 

and so, in the end, he 

prepared a volume of " Notes 

on a Century of Tyjw- 

graphy at the University 

Frew, Oxford, 1003-171M," 

which he has just pro- 
duced with annotations and 

appendixes. In many cases the 

old types themselves haveliocn 

used t" " H'o the Press " Sjx-ciim'iis i~»iii'(i (iiiiiiif; itic 

|«eriod icw, and a rare assortment of devices and orna- 

ni' 

tl< 

P. 

8,- 




Tb» ftlOTTe inilirtmtinn- T*pr<i<1no».f1 fr"i!i Mr Hnrt'" V 
he Oricin of ■' '"  ' '■ " ' 

in ITO 1 
t«n block* rem.' 

llHit.tL.. ,.f Wv, ,._, „; Ji,.,, 



yt f m Sbiiufmm 



W^anM 






I initial letters, is included among 
vhy the " Century of Oxford 
1704 is that no printed 
iK'fore the earlier, and 
none, apparently, after the later date. In those days, as in 

these (explains Mr. Hart in his pri>- 
fntory notcts), a printing house 
issued typo specimens in order 
that authors might bo able to 
c suitable characters In 
their works c<ndd lK>printe«l; 
uliilc a ly|K! fmindry issued im- 
|ir<"'-.!"n'< fnun typ'^s fi> k|iow what 
The Ox- 
I • irlytimes 

I ig house and tyjs! foun- 

ii; , ....; .;-i s|>eci mens were proba- 
bly printed for the first reason only. 
_^ •'14fi8.' 

Tbo Press began its work 
w SaSSM^'SS^Mir""" at Oxford, bowover, more than 



mttt^omumnA 









" S,«i^l . H • •»« • ' 



two centuries before the earliest date of Mr, Hart's record. The 

story Is extremely !■ il, with a press from 

Cologne, was Caxlon'- I rival in England, and, 

indeed, protlucotl a book bearing a date, which, on the face of if, 
was printed nine years licfore Caxton's " Dictes of the Philo- 
sophers." The battle which has been ^^'agod about the date of 
the " 1408 " volume (the treatise of Tyrannius Ruflnus on the 
Apostles' Creed, here ascribed to St. Jerome) is an oft-told 
talc, and has led to almost as many arguments us have been 
put forward in the older controversy as to whether printing was 
" invented " in Holland or (Jennany. The opinion of most 
authorities, including Uradshaw and blades, is tiiut 1408 is an 
error for 1178 (an X having ilropiietl oiil of" MCt'Ct'LXXVIII."). 
M. Madati, writing in 181(5, sums up the position as follows : — 

Caxton, who begun to print in England in 1477, nowhere 
claims to have introduced printing into England. Is it still 
conceivable that Oxford preceded Westminster by nine years ? 
The answer is that it is still con<-<!ivable, but not probable. 
The ground has been slowly and surely giving way beneath 
the defenders of the Oxfonl date, in proportion to the advance 
of our knowlcilge of early printing, and all that can be said is 

(hat it has not yet entirely 
slipped away. 

Caxton's Oxford rival did 
not trouble him long, for the 
Press in the University town 
suddenly ceased operations in 
1480, u1>out the same time that 
the printing by the mysterious 
sclioolmaster at St. Alban's 
came to an end. 

Lkickhtkh, Laud, ami Fk.i.i,. 

Twenty-one years ensued 
untl then, for a period of aliout 
fiiurteen months, printers fron> 
abroad weit' again at work at Ox- 
ford, though thefact is virtually 
ignored by the registers of the 
University. The suppression of 
the Oxford Press by Wolsey led 
to another long interval of in- 
activity ; it was not until ISS."! 
that the Press was |)ernianently 
i"itablisliod. " Lat<' in the reign 
of Elizal)eth," writ«>s Ingram in 
liis "Memorials of Oxfonl, ""the 
Earl of Leicester, being then 
Chancellor of tho University, 
hud the good sense and spirit 
to revive and reorganize its in pogr.iphy. Its sole expense, a new 
press, was erecftnl ; a lit person was siKi-ially appointed printer 
to tho University ; and in l.'>85 came forth [in Latin] the first 
fruits of the establishment, ' Moral Questions upon Aristotle's 
Ethics,' by .lohn Case, Fellow of St. .lohn's ; dedicated, with 
great propriety, to the Chancellor." From that date tho press 
was kept in constant work, and Ix-foro the close of the sixteenth 
century .Itm-ph Barnes, tho " fit person " referred to, had 
published between seventy and eighty books, " many of thein <if 
high character and most of them res|)ectabie in their style of 
execution." The charter of privileges in 1(5:12 gave the Uni- 
versity direct control of the printing, but as yet there are few 
signs of actual academical interest or interference, and the 
various printers were still left to exercise their trade in hired 
buildings. The groat patron of the Press at this jH'rIod was 
Archbishop Laud, who wtis virtually the tlrst to encourage the 
University to raise the estalilishiiient Into a great national 
Institution. With the downfall of Land came the RelH-llion, 
with its numbing inlluence upi>n learning ; and the Oxford Press 
bad some didlculfy In holding its ground. Then Bishop Fell, 
tho hero of the imuiortui epigruin.came to the rescue, and, taking 
up the work lM>gun by Laud, <'hecked every attempt which was 
made by its rivals to reduce its importance. In tho Civil Wars 



n" mn«!# f<»f Vol. I. of 
' ' * "■ *"" - ndon 



• fiily 



's^ innn 



UTKHATI^RK. 



fif 



Dr. Fill lion- iH-iiis I'nr the KiiiK in Mi<- ^ariisim of f)\ruril, 
rocfiviiif; (•(•(•loMliiMtiiMl proniotion aftor tlio |{r"ttiir;ition, Im c 
VloP-CIuim-cllor (if tli.« I'nivorslty ill Klfln. It whm in KKMllli;.! 
Iii> prcsoiili'd soiiif of till' sets of tyix-s wliicli, «IIIi (lie (;i-iii>riiiH 
KiTIh of Junius, Inid (lio roiiiitlntinn at tlx- Oxfonl I'liivt-rxity 
Koiiiidry iih it exists fivday. Fi'll workiil Imrd mid K'IVk larjin 
MiimM of inntiny for tho dovolopmoiif of I ho Press, lH>lh in iinprov- 
inK its moolmnicnl rosourcos niid providing it witli scholarly 
editions of nlnxsirnl nnd other works. Tho liiisinoss pros|wred, 
and nftor Ix^inp; enrri(>d on for sonio years in the old Mouse of 
t'onprepjation in St. Mary's C'hiireh was removed to the fl(s>r of 
the Kheldonian, where it had its home until 1713. 

Mr.IIaut'h Book. 
This brinits us to tho |x>riod dealt with liy Mr. Horiiee Hurt 
ill his " Century of Ty|x>Kiiiphy." It is well known that the 
earliest Oxford printing was exeeuted from ehar.ic-ters brought 
from Oolojine, and when Fell and Junius wer<> siM-kiiiK foi" tyjies 
in the seventeenth century tliey sent, accoiiliiiK to Fell's own 
slutement, to (Jeniiany, Fraiwe, nnd Holland for them. By a 
happy diseovi'ry Mr. Hart is able to dispose of all conjectures 
as to wliere most of the Fell types were purchased. Ho hat 
recently had his iittonliou directed to a number of letters 
and other documents in tho Ilawlins<in collection in the 
Bodleian Library l)carinK directly on the subject. For tlio 
most part tho correspondence consists of letters written 
by I)r, Marshall, then preach<>r to the Knp^lish merchants 
in Hollaiiil (afterwards Dean of Gloiicostor), whom Dr. Fell 
entru!ited with a special commission to buy punchcii — or 
" punctioiis," as Marshall calls them - matrices, and 
(yiK) for the University. The letters are written to his 
" worthily-honoured " master, and bound up with them 
ai'e certain dnifts which ap]>eiir to bo rough outlines 
of Dr. Fell's own letters in reply. Tho corresiwndenco 
tl<>scribes MurshaU's troubles with the Dutch punch- 
ciittei-s and typo-foun<lors, and the Dean's elTorls to 
induce a letter-founder and several conipositoi-s to come to 
Oxfortl. In ono letter he declan>s that if it would hasten 
matters he " would lake up with tho Dutch height." 
This, as Mr. Hart observers, nccoiinis for tho un-ICnKlish 
" height. " of the I'larendon Press type, which has been 
a source of I i-ouble ever since its introduction. Scvenil 
b'tters to Samuel Clarke, the llrsi Arcliityp<if;raphus to the 
I "niversity, are added to illustrate I he ditllculties which Fell •■ 
experienced rcKurdiiiK ly|M- bought in London. The |iunclies 
and matrices ivniainiiig in the Oxford Type Foundry are for the 
most part kept in the ori;;inal oak boxes, forty-six of which were 
"discreetly" repaired in 18i)l. Mr. Hart undertook n formid- 
able task when he decided to put the whole collection of the 
foundry in order. He tells us that in addition to tracing;, 

classifying, and arranging alpha- 
betically (so far as was pnictic- 
alile) more than 7,(HM) matrices, all 
the corresponding punches still in 
existence have l)een indeiitilled by 
llttingthem into the matrict's. Kvery- 
iMidy will echo Mr. Hurt's sentinienls 
in hoping that these relics of early 
Oxford benefactors, or survivals of 
rniversity purchases in past cen- 
turies, " will never again be degrade<I 
by neglect to the deplorable con- 
dition from which they have at 
length lM>en rescued." In all 
there are 7,('>;i2 mulrices and 
2,000 punches. What their ori- 
ginal cost was is not known with 
certainty, but Dr. Fell gives some 
idea of the amount when ho says 
that, between 1072 and 1079 the 
" imprimcry " had been " furnisht 
1 at the expenco of above tour thou- 

to pL^'teri'ii! -iior»>.V ik.ii. sand ijoiind." 



TiiK Ci.Aiit:»iJO<< Hi iijiiNMi. 



^;:i^,: *•. Kit HAPS 

' ■; '/A the (>\! 






»fTI 1 

(.so: 



r KISR 
N M A 1. 1. 



|H)av u( carryinjc on ilJi p 
the li«u«f< of the Clar.-'-i 
from the Sheldouian 
new printing hon 
of that year. '1 
was de  



Iba 



Broad-sf r«H't, 

with Ovford known i 

settled u|M>n th< 

was left to the :>■ 

Blackstone to pn; 

is little but pni.L 

business iiicn-asing l>ey<ind the < 

house, n 111..1.. " .^ I..,. I.. I., ii 

street . 



work. Ti 
y to ref<it' . 
:i|Niciti)"i of tii> 
'■■oMil line buildiii, 





DrsrdN ON t;K\KKsr: >ii»r or 

nKlOINAL WOdlH 1.-T KOU tiNK OF 
THK |-LOWKK'l» I.KlTVKs. 13 
LINES PH-\. I'SKI) AT LKAST AH 
lAKLV AS \kyd IS O-VroKP 
PRINTISll. 
"The etl^jmriiij; n-:i- jv^'ih'y fho 




a  I 



TIIK OLD CIJlRKNnoN i'HUw 

Oxroitii Binux ami Imiia P.vi-iai. 

The nunio of the Oxfortl PrcsM is, of coitT'x bly 

connected with the trade in BiblCM. Aa mo arc 

»wai"e, tho Reviwsl Version is tho joint i>rojnTi\ -m ihc 
Universities of Oxford aiid Cambridge, which voted £2n,W)0 
to the ex|ienses of publiA-ation, but the < ' ' ^ of thai 

Authoriir.e<l Ver-.ion and of tho Book of C"' ^vcr arc 

vested ill the Crown, authority to print ' 

licing granted by charter to <>\f<>r<l ami «' 
sities and by licence to 
of the trade in Oxford Bibi' 
now averages alx^ut a million complete co| 
large numliers of New Testaments, M-mrir.- 
Bibles. There is a shipment of Im'i 
week to the Unitetl Stutcii, where p. i....v^i 
their appreciation of the Oxford edition by > 
reproduced p;ige by page by i " 
agti, howe\er, the UniverNity *il> 
th.' 
Bi 

ing that th< - 
printer's err< 
Bible. The bill forth. 

ayear, though there ail 

altogether, and tho mistakes are rarely more ^ u * 

dropped letter. Tho archaisms, " Bewray " and ..-. t-d," 

have involvetl world-wide correspontluncc with applicants who 
seek in rain tor the guinea reward. Tho Oxford India paper kaa 

8-^ 



LITKKATURE. 



[July 28, 1900. 



ri'voliinoiiiznl tlio Btblo and Prmjrer-book (nulo, and ia Iho 

>.|" ' l.tn>nd«>n I'ri'ju*. Tlic story of iu dlst-tivory 

l» j..-> ...... .-. ;.-,... al in(orc»t, as on Au(ni'<t -♦ 'h"^ niyKtoriout 

|i«|icr will tic a qnart«r of a cvnlury old. Sixty od<l yisim ngo nii 

l>sford {;racl > " ' ! ' i with a xiimll fold of ))U|K<r, 

remarkably; - o|iai|u<< and lou^h. Ho pn-- 

M! ^, and a f«>\v BMiIoh, half 

II' .As miicli as £20 (•a<-li 

» " cojiii-a wvrc nold. One wa» pn-M-Mitod 

t.. , . !S 

«rn» made lot race I ho |ia|ior 
to its Bonroe. Kvon Mr. 
(tiadstonc «raa astkcd if ho 
could throw any light on tho 
matter, and ho iiuggo«to<l a 
aeareh in .la|Kin ; but thonph 
a l>at>or thin and toui;h 
enough W3'> 
xna too trai 

init of priming on lK>lh 
Nide«. Tho doan-h wtis gra- 
dnally abandoiioti and tho 
|wper limt sight of until a 
copy of the book roachod 
the handit of Mr. Frowdo. 
Thin ^T« in 1874 ; Mr. 
Krowde had only taken over 
the management of tho 
London bnsinem of tho 
Clarendon Press at the dose 
oC the preceding year ; and 
experiments wore at onoo 

xtarted at the Wolvercoto Mills, two miles away on 
tho rirer from Oxford, with the object of manufactur- 
ing a similar paper. After several failures came success, 
and on August 25th, 1875, an edition of the Bible was 
published himilar in every respect to tho two dozen cot)ies 
pr 1M2. A quarter of a million copies wcro sold within 

a I X" workman at the Wolvercoto Mills is allowed to 

u'i stage of the process of manufacture. 

Tl . • .,- 

ni- ii ■ry. Tho mills 

tht !;--•, 1\L -., it should bo 
added, have a history. Thry 
date back to the period of 
Dr. Fell, who encourapoil 
the Hit  
by Ml 




THE PlUMEIiT RUILDDla IN 1»ALTt)N BTBEET, OXFORD. 




Ol' of in 
til' -, and 
had a talent in maps, al- 
though done with his left 
hand." " Home of the best 
pa- -  - '• •  • 
ni. 
« .' 

i:. 

•taii4U liti(liL>r (hiiii ever (' 
day. 

.\ t{ia.r-CoNTAiMaj Inktitutiuk. 
~-iiig the University ProHH and mindful <'i ns nij^nii^ 
house is a vast biuiinosii concern which easily huc- 

. Il rivalHllio Iinjiriniorio 

l,<Tfi iif |{<.rlin, without 

4 its 

,|HT, 

_. electro- 

.md lusik- 

I the ntwiiiatciial ; 

. ..., .....Li-ent tongues — each 



i. '. ; 

as such, the 

ccvdsinkw: 

Nationale < 

b:. 

<r. 

tl ' 

binding." I 

^inil iT liriii' 



rN|nlring a ae|iarato kind of ty|ie — without reckoning tho count- 
less languages and dialects for which lioman ty|>e serves. In 
Ijtmdon the publishing lMisines.s is conducted by Mr. Kruwde, who 
also ctHilrols Iho bindery in Aldorsgat<>-street, whore the skins 
of upwiirdx of 1IK),IMK) atiinials «r«< us«h1 every ye.ir to cover 
Oxford Kililf^ alone. To lett<-r the liacks of the volumes tltO.INH) 
shct'ls of gold-leaf arc niN'tli'<l, and a iiiucli l:irg<'r i|ii:inlity is 
uwmI ill gilding the edges. Mr. Kmwdo was u|<|ioinled " Publisher 
to tho University" in 188(1, when the Delegates of i lie I'n-ss 

transferred their classical 
and learned publicatioiih — 
befoi-e lliat date issued by 
Messrs. Macmillan — to thoir 
own warehouse in London. 
The following olllcial nolo 
in the " Literary Year- 
Book " is worth quoting: — 
" The cMirious in biblio- 
graphical matters ai-e often 
striu-k by the lliii-c difTei-ent 
iiupriiils under wliicli the 
(liffiTenl works of lli<> Press 
ap|H-ar : 'Oxforil: Printed 
at the University Pi-css,' 
' London : Henry Ki-owde,' 
and ')..ondon: Henry 
Frnwde, Oxford University 
Press Warehouse,' and 
:igaiii, ' Oxford : At the 
t'larcnd'in Press Ware- 
house.' The lirst imprint is 
that found on I ho title pages 
of Bibles, Prayer-books, and other works issued and authorize<l by 
the delegates ; the second marks all such works (tho ' luiitatio ' 
for instance) issued by Mr. Krowde with the sanction but not 
necessarily with the authorization of the delegates ; and tho 
thin! comprises siH>cially erudite works, such as Skeat's 'Ety- 
mological Dictionary'; Skeat's •Chaucer'; the 'Oxford 
English Dictionary ' ; and the ' Sacred Books of the East," 
edited by Max Mflller, &c." At the last Paris Exhibition 

the Oxford Press received 
the t J rand Prix, and on the 
present occasion ithasthrct! 
sopamto cxhibit.s, liesidcs 
sharing in the collective dis- 
play made by tho British 
Publishers' Association. 

Some of the bindings exhi- 
bited have cost as much as 
.tCill each, and it has Ik-cii 
announced that ini|>ortant 
purchases have been made, 
by iH'|ii'es<'ntalives of a con- 
siderable riuml)er of science 
and art museums to add to 
their collections. 

'I'lIK DKI.K<iA'ri'>i .\M> IMl 
DUTIONAIIV. 

The present delegalos 
 if the Press with their 
(illlcial descriptions arc em 
lollows: Dr. 'I'liiMJi;!- KohIci-. I'n-sideiit of Oirpus (Vico-Chan- 
eelhir) ; Ingram By water, Student of Christ Church ; Kir 
William Markby, D.C.L., Fellow of All S<miIs and lialliol ; 
William Slubbs, D.D., Luil Bishop of Oxford ; David H. .Monro, 
ProV(«t of Oriel ; anil F. York Powell, Fellow of Oriel (|M'r|H'tiiHl 
ilelcgates) ; Henry P. (Jerrans, Fellow of Worci'st4?r ; William 
Sunday, D.D., ('anon of Christ Chiircli ; .lolin K. Magrath, D.D., 
Provost of Qiie^m's; Charles L, .Sliailwi'll, D.C.L., Hon. Fellow of 
Oriel (ap|K)int<Hl for seven years). The Sfi-relary is Mr. Charles 
Cannan, Trinity, It is to the lasting credit o( the delegates that 



.lulv "JH. I :)()(). I 



MrF.ijA'ri'i?!:. 



63 



I licy iiiiiiiisii, Ion I III' I II I II 11 1 III I lie |ailt;<la|;<' uiiil liiiiMniri' i>i i in' 
codiitry, niiiiiy I>imiI»?« which iMiiiiot (NmNilily iirovi' rcitiiiiK-rttivi- ; 
whcrt" priifllH (MTiir the stir|iliis in niiiti-ilniti'il In Iho I'liivi-rxity 
chc'sl f(ir tho KcliiT.il |iiif|iONi'N of the I'liivrrxily, Thi' " \i-iv 
KiiKli**!) Dii'tiiifiiiry," th<< IiihI vnltiiiic n( whii'h Dr. Mm 
to piililish ill IINDS, it iiiiiloiiliti'illy lhi> criMtrsI ciilfi'i' 
iiiiilri'tiikiMi liy llii> Cliirfiiihiii l'ri>MN ; jitiil, in i'iiiicIiinjimi, »<■ 
<-:iiiiii)t iln iM'ttcr llcin i|Uiili- tho fnllowiiiK |iii>i<t.a((i' rruiii th«> 
li-ailinc iii'lii-lc wliicli 7Vi<- 7'JiiirM ilt'voti'il lo Uw Dictloiiiiry Uiiiiii-r 
'v,.„ ;,( ()xf(.i-il ill 1W)7 : 

Such II uiirk cdiilil not, inilci-d, liavc Imtii well iiiHlci-liikcn 
liy .my jii-iviilc individual, liowcvcr lone liis |>iii-h(< or linwrvcr 
ardent hit zral. . . . But IhiHisjiot the mTvico whi<'h a 
Kii'iit riiivcr!.ity can and, wc think, oiikIiI to do for science 
and iearniiiK. I* has the rei|nisite pii-stiKe in the world of 
letters; it can coniinalid, as in tliis case it has coniinanded, the 
services of williii); and (|iialiH(Hl worki'i-s, who ask for little 
reward heyond the lioiioiir of tnkiiiK jiart in a K"'i'' work. 
And when if has also at coniinalid, iis the I'niversity of Oxford 
hiift In the ('larendon Pi^-ss, n lii(;lily-e<|iii|)ped and well- 
inanafred printing; and piililishiiiK estalilishineiit, it is master 
of the situation. The lilii'i-.il and enli;;lileiied inanaKenient, 
with an eye to the best intercvsts of leariiin^j as well an lo coin- 
inercial proltt, that has now for many yoiii-s marked the 
iidiniliislration of the < 'larendon Press, is si;;iially illustrated 
liy the encoiirap;emeiil Kiv<'ii and the facijitii-s provided for 
carrying; out the work of compiling this pri'at dictionary. 
. . . The apoloj^isls of I'niversities are entitled, we think, 
lo point to siieh a work as the "Oxford Knf;lish Dictionary" in 
answer to the r|ii(>stioii, What are yini doinj; to encoiiniK*' 
louriiinB and i-pseai-ch ? . . . Such pn<-onra^remrnt of suliil 
liibonr and genuine research as the Tniversity can fjive hy 
subsidizing the production of unreuiuiierative works of |)er- 
iiianeiit viiliie may after all Im\ not perhnps the only, but at 
pr(<scnt the more <>xcelleiiV way. 




irNIVEIWITY ARMS A8 TAU, PIKt'P. 1796 SixiiiKn. 
iKioni Mr. Iliul « B<K<k | 



THACKERAY AND THE STAGE. 



[KK(»M A COUHESI'ONDENT.I 
Mrs. Kiske, the .\nierican actress, has Im-cii playing Becky 
Sharp, and it is slateil thai there is some probability of Mis.s 
Mario Tempest followiiij; her example. Thackeray, so far, has 
not made the fortune of any llieatrical manajferx. Mr. .1. .M. 
liarrie's »ine-act settiiif; of " Vanity Kair " wiis priMliiced some 
years ago, but is now forfiotten. " Ksmond " has Imm-ii mmmi on 
the staf?e, and Mr. K. V. Biiriianil has put " ,Mr. .leaiiies de la 
IMuche " on tho boards and u version of " The Koso and the 
King" ran for about a month at the Prince of Wales' some 
years ap>. But tho works of Thackeray, unlike thost> of DickiMis, 
do not apparently lend themselves to this form of adaptation. 
Although the stng<>, with its environnuMit, is not uiifrtH|iiently 
iiitroiliiceil in his stories. Thackeray's dramatir instinct was not, 
stron;;ly dev«>loi)ed, tlioiij;li he hiinsolf iH'lieved that proof would 
Ih- found in his posthumous works that he coulil writ4> tra^''''.'*- 
Dickens has to his cii'dit some half-do/x-n plays (farcical in 
character), which mot with a certain degixH' of success, while 
Thack<'ray's attempts in this direction wei-o oven more limitofl. 
Tho littlo one-act burlesciue King (i{Hiiipii.s w-.»s r«'pr»KluitHl in 
facsimile in 18i)8 by Mr. W. T. S|)eiiccr. Mr. Melville, in his 
life of •Tliackci-ay, records tho discovery made by Mr. C P. 



.l..|lli^.il. ..| .1 llM 

ill the llritiiiitiii 

IHDI. Thacki-niy 'ft Ki 

mill llir I. "Kill. A «r 

tho int. 

ho aec. M 

liower .SuliMin mid oIlH-r lritnH|iniiliiM< llM*tttre«, h<« 

Tliackeray hin nurpriNo (hut ho had i><->." •■ '.' 

which tlM> Novellnt replieal thai Ur luiil wi 

n-r|uest of Weli<tt4>r, Hh<i, after rca<liiiK it. I'lu^-' 



ml 

in 



■> a Ixijr, 

to 
. to 

"lal 
ii;i\<' any- 
iiflertll tl 



tliiuK to do with it, and no oIlH-r miiiiuK<T to whimi Im 
would put it oil tlH- hIukc. TIh- writer (Mr. Ili-rl- 
iiluiKiiieil this pluy iiiust h:ivi> Ihv-ii the eoiiM>dy ••( I 
(he Ittimh, lo which Ih' ni- ' I.«>tt-I 

the Widower " ; IIm' lat< ie<l th.il 

7'/if H'o/irit <iiiW //«• Ijiimb w»«i " tlM- (ouii'i 

of the novel of" Lovel the Widower," in ^■ i !• . n.i.i. - 

DickiMis' unacted farce The l^miJiijItlrr, a/torwariU conri?rt«xl 
by him into •• Thi- i^inpli{(ht''r'» Story " for " Tb«' Pic Sir 
Pa|H'rH." Dutloii CtHik, who reCura to Tliarkpray'* litllo 
comedy as the Novelist's " only eoiilrihnt; • •■   ,. nf 

the Stage," states that it was written pn .'ar 

I8r>'l, anil iHMthumoiiHJy piililished ; it contaiin il alliiMiuis to the 
Crimean War and to Mrs. Cia^kell's novel of •• Ruth," then 
recently is.sue<l. Tlir WhIivh nnti thr l.iinih •■ il limi-w 

played by amateurs in I,oiidoii, It is |M'rhii|>« n y to add 

that " Lovel the Widowi-r " ap|>eared as a serial in the flr»t »is 
niimliers of the ('iirnliill Mntfiziiif, IHflO. 

While the adaptations of Thackeray's novels may Ik? coanted 
on the lingers of one hand, those of Dickriis' are .-^.-.-.-.tin^ly 
numerous, the late Mr. W. K. Hughes' c-ollwtion oi ma 

including no loss than Rfty-seven. That Th«<'V' - -in 

the Drama, if not so pronoiincnl as that of li ■■ni- 

porary, was at l«iist unmistakable is iiidicai. liy the 

numerous references to thiMtrical matters in li Hut alv> 

by the fact that many of his dr.iwiiigs anil "m 

the subject, whllf< a nuinlier of <lramalti- i liii> 

|ien. His llrst attempt at inde|>end< f a 

series of eight lithographic plate", i thf! 

title of " Kloi-e i>l Zephyr "- -a ; (our years 

later ho wrote a chapter on " Fi^ .. .. ! /. Nlclotlramas " 

for tho seconil volume of " The Paris -^ "k," and in 

I'liiich, March 3, \S4it, we discover a criii.,ii ...i i'- '— '-"i oo 
" Two or Three Theatres in Paris." Perhaps his i- -st- 

ing essay in this direction is the pa|H'r in Fmtr< -tf, 

March, 184*2, eiitit|t>d " Dickens in France." s< un- 

mercifully ridicules a French re v" 

as performed at the .\nilii;;ii Tli' liy 

lone adoptetl by Thackeray in his ail .ml 

his novel that undoiibt<'<lly iiispiretl P . i of 

the inscription writliMi by Dickens in the copy of " A Christnuu 
Carol " presentfsl by him to the author of " Vanity Fair," 
which re-.ids as follows :-" W. M. Thackeray, fn>ni CJiarK>s 
Dickens (whom he made very happy once a long way from home). 
Seventeenth Dis-emlM-r. 1H43." Dickens, it will ts>reiiieinlM're«l.»«» 
in theUnitiNlStates when Thackeray'- '  •• ..•,_ 

A re<'eiitly-dis<-overed |Kiinphlet '(p 

at the Thirti-f-iith .\niiivers:iry Foiiijj ul i-al 

Theatrical Fund," held at the Freemason-' I JU, 

IfCW, disclosi's the fact that Thackeniy i" 'nd 

made a long s|><s-ch on that iH-casion, thii- 'st 

in the theatrical profession. Until this |iamphlel w I'd 

it was not known that he ever ultiMul.-iI a fi--tival .it i is" 

Tavern in any public ca|iacity. 




TAIL piBCB. uxnrnwmr spbcimkn. 

Pnraa Mr. Hart'i Baok.| 



I7K 



64 



LITERATURE. 



[July '2H, 1900. 



IRcvicws. 



A BOOK FOR THE CRISIS. 



Whftt the writ«T iif a new Imv>V ii|>o>i Chin:! l)Oj;iii« liy 8nyiii{; 
ll\ V. Arthur Smith's " u-fori»tlr» " Is th<< 

kr. .ly of the Chin«>s<> hn ' iiiaclo, wo may 1h< 

fairly snrr that the ^(Titor'H own 1>oiik will lio a poo<l one. In 
Mim Soiiliiiorp's c»s<« (China, thk L«Nfi-Mvm> KMrinK, Now 
York: the Century Co.) this is i-ortainly no ; Bho has not, of 
coarse, the profound personal Vno\vle<tKe of China pos»es»o<l by 
Mr. Smith, but she has seen not a little of the Chinese, and she 
evidently has that nn- ' mt pift of a travellinp student — a 

jndioini nliility to \ icnoe and accept information from 

tli In tliih r«').|HM-t sh<- differs widely from one op 

Iw \ritersu|K>n China. .\nd she shows welcome 

wisdom, too, in i>tr«>ring us no careful and exact analysis of the 
Chinese character. We make no apology for a long quotation 
from the eoncludinj: chapter, for on the one hand it is a fair 
Mpccim(>n of Miss KcidnK>rt>'s frank and conrinciu); nietho<l, and 
on the other it contains opinions which cannot bo too often read 
by the British public to-<lay : — 

When I askisl one long in Government employ if his thirty 
years in tlw-ir midst led him to lielieve that the Chinese ciMild 
Im- pi'generate<l, awakentnl, or galvani7/><l to some seml)lance of 
mndern life, he exclaimoil : — " No, never 1 It is not possible 
t«i regenerate China as China. It cannot be effectoti from 
within by the Chinese. The motive iK)wer it not there. They 
dr> not want to Ik? regenerated. They do not see that there is 
anything the mutter. It would not disturb the Pekingese to 
have France wizc all Kwan);tung, nor excite the Cantonese to 
have liusxia seiz»> all north of the Yangtsze. They are 
indifferent to it all. They do not realize that China the 
nation was whipiMtl by .la])an. It was only Li Hung Chung 
and those Muuchus up north who ' lost face.' "... A 
taipaH, the head of u great fon>ign llrm, owned to weariness at 
bis colleagues' eternal eonvenlicmal laudations of the high 
standard of Chinc>M<- commercial honesty, the cut-and-dried 
'* ncvcr-knew-a-Chinaman-to-break-his-wor<l " panegyrics. . . . 
Cliinesc sense of res|>onsibility is strong, the saving virtue of 
tho race, all that holds the rotten old emjtire tog«>tber ; but 
all of connncrcial honour and morality is not centred here any 
more til ;iu ill Kiijriand or America it only avcnigi's up. .\» 
-ly, no standard there whatever, tho 
V contrast. The Chinese- are civdited 
with the grcatesi iiilellectiial capacity of any race, and what 
\\v do they uiako of it ? Kor two thousaiul years the Chinese 
have only learned by heart, committed to nn'mory, poetry and 
MietaphyMical ewtays, the mechanical education of a parrot. 
I^iok at their rulers in Peking (hrotighout the whole nineteenth 
centnry ! not a man among them. l.ook at (he present 
Krajieror ! Kvery ciMilie grins at the way his sl<'|>-mother liwks 
him up and liullies him. ..." Can China be re- 
^••iK-rit^-fl 7 " reiM-jitt'd another old i-esident. " Only by 
n for forty days forty fathoms dc«'p. The frf-sh slarl 
a clean start. Koup and carbolic will do more than 
diplomacy or guniMiwder. They an- the (Irsl necessary factoi-s 
in »»v ri'i-iiiTation of this country. If they bum the classics 
and >>■ literotl, they might make some start without 

Miap .AIM! V..li4'r." 

All replipH to such (lucslions were equally dis<-ouraging, 
cy|Uaily biaMod, vague, or flip|Kint. and the Chinese' in the 
present and the future remain problems iiiort- haffling and nn- 
■slisfartory each time one attempts them. 

This is the exact truth. There is nothing whatever to be 
hoped for from " China." But what China is, so far as there is 

•ach 3 •'■• ■• '■'•■■•■• ■• " "1 ■■■• the Chines*^ do aii'l -•• 

and 1 1 and cool Western ' 

may !»•• i<jrnc<i ii>.mi iii«<> .-^iioiiiiin ■• i>ook as well as anywiiii-' 
else wc know. Khe covers a wide flebl, touching upon most of 
the aspects of Chinctc life, and describing with a charming 



tonch her own trarel experiences. But at this moment ono 
cannot but pay chief att<<ntion to anything throwing light uiwn 
the circumstances In which so many of our fellow countrymen 
and women have. In all human probability, lost their lives. Here, 
then, is a picturo of the foreign diplomatists' iM>sit!on in 
Peking : — 

A little community of foii-ign diphmiats, shut like rats in 

a trap in a doubU>-walled city of an estimated million three 

hundred thousand fanatic, for«'ign-hating Chincst>, with a more 

hostile and lawless army of sixty thousand vicious Chinese 

soliliers without tho walls and scattered over tho country 

towards Tien-tsin. 

This was in 1808, but in 1900 it was worse. As for the official 

relations lietween the foreign Ministers and tho T»ung-li Yam6n, 

they are thus : — 

" I go to the Yamen )>y ap|x>intment at a certain hour," said 

one diplonmt, " suid while I am waiting my usual wait in thoso 

dirty, cold rooms the ash-shifter comes in and wants to know 

if I think there will be war l)etween this and that Euroix?an 

Power, iKH-aiise, mind you, some very |K'Culiar telegrams bavo 

just arrived for those L<>gations. Kvery Legation telegram is 

read and discussed at the Yamen, you 'know, before it is 

delivei-ed to us, and tlie cipher co<les give tliem rai-c ideas." 

We might till pages with extracts as interesting as those, 

but wo must scud readers to tlie lK)ok itself, promising them that 

they will not only bo entertained, but also told enough about 

China to enable them to form an intelligent opinion of the action 

of Kuroi)e in general, and their own country in particular, in 

that strange land now almost moiioiiolizing the attention ol 

civilized mankind. 



FRENCH ANGLOPHOBIA AND ANGLOMANIA* 



The seven Isxjks mentioned at the foot are of nne<|ual merit, 
but stand in amusing contrast. They show, now an intelligent 
»ympathy for, now a startling hostility towards, the Anglo- 
Saxon world. One may And in them a microcosm, as it were, of 
France at the present moment. 

With MM. Anolcl and do la Poulaine, we are as far from 
M. IV-molins' eulogistic, sometimes even naive, enlhusiasm as 
from M. liiizalgettc's appi-e-ciation of Saxon individualism. The 
llrat iKKik named is ushered into the world by M. do Mahy, 
whose dread of Kngland is well known. It is said that Kngene 
Sue, the author of the " Wandering .lew," used every night to 
search for the .lesuit assassin concealed in his house. M. do 
Mahy must imitate him for the English spy, who he fancies is 
diHgiiis<-d as a Methodist missionary. He is convinced that the 
North African missions smuggle into .\Igier» and Tunis small 
arms and shot, to further an insurrection among the Arab 
|Mi|iiilalioii. He has also the pr(M>fs of a conspiracy Ix-tween the 
said missionaries and the Ki-ench Pititestants, which conspiracy 
is hatched in the unices of the British and Foreign Bible 
SiK'iety, ami as often as lie offers to exisisc the culprits in the 
t'haml»erof Deputies, a feeble unit of which he is, he finds his 
colleagues disinclined lo listen to his astoiinrling revelations. 
Since irony, as KiMian said, is the consolation of tho just, tho 
French I'rot«!stant« <un rest assured that their enemy's closest 
kin are of the same rt-ligious pcrsUHsion as themselves. 

Nous venous d'etre encore pris en flagrant de'lit d'im- 
puissance [prefaces M. do Mahy] pour n'avoir pas voula nous 



T:>-on<iiniqaG dc U France 'f" By Baron 
KranvsiM i '' By Lion Bualgett)^. 



• " D'oii »ient U r 
Cbarlex Mnuini. I'lon 

" A quoi ticiit 11 
KinrhlMcber. Fr.3.50. 

" A quoi tient la Bupirioritt dvs Prsiitaio mir le* Anglo-Saxoni. 
By Anold. F>ysrd. Fr.S.CO. 

•• L« ColoMio »u» rie<l» iJ'Argile." By Jean de 1» FouUme . Plon. 
Fr.S.BO. ^. „ ,. 

 Lm An||laii> sax Indo rt en Kftypte." Hy Eugene Aubm. Colm. 

3.50. 

•■ I* Vir •■ -: -:-r " ■- -ifion ct U 8oci«tt)." By I'sul de 

Roiuim. F 

••La Fr > ue Moral." By M. FouUUe. Alcan. 

Pr.7.60.j 



July 28, 1900.] 



LITKRATIJRE. 



65 



avoiior h nou»-raAmo9 los mciK'cs dti p«rtl anglaU orKmuM 
chcz noiiH clopiiis plus loiiRlcnips I't plus forti'inont que U- parti 
prusHion. 

Nous Navons [ot-hocs M. AiioUl] quo, sous le inantouu tie U 
rt'ligioii, sous \o couvorl iri<l«^i>»i pliilosopliiques rt liumanl- 
Iniroit, It) protpstaiit l>ril:iiiiiiqu« a enviilil la Kraiioo. Kort do 
son alliance politico-ri'ligicnso avo<? !<• pr«lo»laTit do CiiTinanle, 
fort Uo son or et <le son uuilaoo, 11 tlirlKc. <lu sU-go social «lc 
la SooWt^ Blbllquo iv LonUros, Ioh noiuliroux agotitii qui vont 
porter h travors la Franco la bonne parole, ..." anglo- 
saxonuo." 

A conclusion in praise of the now obsolete " Ligue de la 
I'atrie Kranyaiso " shows in the interests of what political 
party the author of this IkmiIj is workin;;. The biHik is, however, 
HUflleiently entertaiuin;,'. There is a spiiitecl answer to M. 
DeniolinM' rather superllcial theories of social science, which in 
its vulvar aryot styli", in its calm ijrnorance of fads, and 
tlauntiiii; of paradoxes mistaken for (ruths, is aninsini;. .As an 
antidot<> for this sort of " literatim-" Krenclnnen nii(;lit well study 
M. Bazjilgotte'B and Haron Charles Mourre's philosophic pugi-s. 
These books form the most instructive analyses which we have met 
with of the agti-Uinn battle on French soil between the rii^htti of 
man and rnisoii d'tittit. ForeiRners forg»'t that Fi-ance has tended 
by the accidents of history to suppress individnalistn in the sup- 
posed interests of the community. The exigencies of the Fivnch 
monarchy inspiivd by religious fanaticism have twice crushed 
the I'lite of the nation. The liking for hierarchic sulKirdinatiou 
has engendeivd a spirit of distrust of the individualism which is 
wi'll known to be the hall mark of Protestantism, and the 
essential note, therefore, of civilization in England, America, 
and even in Uermany, in spite of the Kmpiro and the i'russiuu 
hegemony. Hence the Anglophobia of our time and tin- absurd 
antics of the nntionalists. M. Bazalgetto is not sanguine as to 
the capacity of his compatriots to secure a lil)erty worthy of the 
legends on the fanatics of their public Imildings. The Latin 
ideal of solidarity d(H's not concern itself with the cell but only 
with the organism. To know the nature of the trouble is, 
however, the beginning of wisdom and recovery. iM. Bazalgetto 
knows it, and ho should be read. Baron Mourre's discussion of 
the problem is mont optimistic and broad-minded. 

M. .Jean de la Poulaine's contribution to .social and ethnoliv 
gicul studies will better l>o understood by extracts, which may 
serve to deQno the state of mind of a contemporary French 
Anglopholic. As the author's name is not suniciently known to 
his fellow countrymen, he has taken care to lM<gin by a short 
account of himself. He " sjK-aks Knglish like his own tongue and 
with an iicc<>nt that has nc-ver made any one take him for a 
foreigner, although some have often thought him a Scotchman." 
Also " he has been writing for many years in the English press, 
which pays for his prose very generously ; an<l has lecturiMl in 
London on Knglish lit«»raturo." 

Hero are some appreciations on the English :- 

L'Anglais n'cst pas 1)olliqneux, loin do cela, sauf en temps 

de paix (p. 34). L'hoinieuret la lionto sent deux choses dont 11 

parlo assez volontiers, mais qu'il ne comprend gueri' (p. 1)5). 

L'hypocrisie y (lenrit niicux (en Angleterre) que dans n'im|H>rte 

quel autre pays, parce que plus que partout ailleurs on attache 

plus d'importanee !i I'apparence de la vertu elle-nicme (p. 72). 

L'hypocrisie forme line partie essentielle do I't^lucation 

anglaise. Ccfto hypo<-risie est nn vcrnis tr»>s utile qui cachi> 

la lepre allreuse d'immoi-ulite qui existe en Angleterre (p. 7;{). 

Further on there is a chapter on the " absurd customs of 

tlio English Parliament," and the "gonvernement qui est nn des 

pires do I'EuroiJe en ce qui concernc les tnivailleurs, |H>nr Ics- 

qiiels il ne fait absolument rien," and " la ))olitique " ; " .lainais 

le gonvernement anglais n'a hesito h commettre «les actions |M'u 

digues d'un grand penple Icuftiu'il a cru do son interi-t de 

s'ecarter des lois de la droiture et de riionneur." Th»'n follow 

similar appreciations on Education, Trade, the Army, &c. This 

is the conclusion: — 

Malgr6 ces qualites rt'elles, I'Angleterre n'a jamais iSt«5 
aiineo, et cllo ne le sera •jamais, parce quo dans sa marche !i 



M. 

i.il. 

U. 

liCO 

Il a 



' il- 



itil jiMllaia \ u 1 ' 

\ prcMif of til' , ity iif llii ! 

Anold, is their literary iiierlt. Thi* w<< an 

but our critical faculty, how -  -' 

cannot help deploring iu thoM< A 

of all that niaki>tt the style <>l iim 

writ«'rs incomparable. .M. di- .M;il 

niii 

til.. 

sentence u.i (he I.illimiiig : 

Notre habitat, noire pa.\  (.."i 

vices origincU MluctablemenI iudiUbit, 
is |M<rha|M very effective at a meoling of a j. 
(leneral ; it is scarcely worthy of a L<<a(cui' wh 
roll of memlH-rship l.<>inAitrr>, Bourget, aii' 
writes like his iiatron. plus a llavimr ■•( » 
the sallies of Fort i'lmbrol, (iuerin and I . Iietorv 

the High Court. .\s to .M. di> la 1'. m m far 

succeeded in mastering the English languagi' lliat AngliviiiaiN 
abound uniler his iiatriotic (x-n : "Us elaienl auxieux tU' fairt' 
cesser nn etat de choses" is a |M>rilnusly literal Iranitlation fraa 

the hat«.Hl language of an hereditary enemy. On tl ' ' the 

prose-style of these thre«> Anglophobcs, k> sure of ir>' 

su|)eriority, would bo |M*rlia|M aeeeptable to the onlmrirs n-ader 
of the I'ftit Juiiriiiil. 

.M. Eugene Aubin writes in a difT' ilic 

least desire of displaying n?iy si.. i|)«> 

little colony of Frencluiieii i^mi 

of the English in that c . of 

French influence, and cimcludes with some glmimy .' ..iw 

for the future. Thes*- olmervations arc in a %•.. . ..tiflc 
manner prefaced by a survey of the eonditiim of India in 1807, 
when the author visited Bomlray. The liouk is written throagti- 
out in an impartial spirit and without any exeeaaive MHriroina- 
tion for iiast mistake's. An an opinion of a Fn-nchraan rt>«!ding 
abriMtl the following statement is worth quoting:-- 

La iH'rte d. me 

consj'-fiuenco in<i u*- 

qncnce dinx-te du n'-gimo flottant sons 1«|U<-I la Fmnce a T^cu 

depuis lors. . . . Un rapprochement avec I'Allein' - -vait 

sauver la position do la France en Kgypto; la ••• lit«< 

nationale no I'a |>oint |>ennis. 

The idea of a rfiyinrhe s«"«'ms nn-re sentiment to a Colonial 
Fwnchman ; and it i», |)erhaps, to  at 

home that FraniM- owes lu-r lack of <\. iiin 

then nieutions the Oriental fatalism of the Egyptian French- 
man. The lack of energy in the colonist unsup|H>rt«'d by the 
mother-country and left to himself is another caUM< of weakiioaa. 
The book |)ur|)orts to Ih" a guide to prevei" •■■ ' ''s similar to 
those of the Third liepublie in the I uestion, and. 

although criticizing with the uti; 'nee 

of the Indian (Joveniment at tli> .w 

leilg«'s the il' t. 

L'ne II. I :on 

colonialc aussi sure que r.\ngleterre, ne pouvar ^ur 

I'Egypte s:ins y laisser do traces bienfaisantea. K.: .. ^ lait 
plus maladroit <(no do nier lo tact et le aoin avec lequel ont 

ete iwursuivis, depuis !'• •■•ton, Je n'-tablisaerocnt des 

linanccss, l'organis,ition lo plan d'irrigation, cnn- 

formement an pi «'•. 

The first part f>f 

couiiwre with the art i 

df» /Jcii.v .Wi)ii</cs on K'' i <li». 

M. Paul de Konsiers, whose connexion with the iil 

is wvll known, pursues bis studies on the New .., um 

temp«>r of sympathetic apprei-iation. After a snrvey of the out- 
w:ird activity of the Americans he studies the American in hiB»- 



iii interesting to 
liy .\1. Filon in the Ktim* 



C6 



LITERATURE. 



[July 28, 1900. 



teit : In h\» homo. hU lifp, hU drews ; in hi* ncwOiuddlnf; 
• rlolnrrnry, hU poHtlrianM, hU authors, hin r«>lt|;!ouM i;ui(Ii-K. 
Thoro i» a chapter on tho Roiitan Churt-h in Aincrioa, which. 
althonfrb written by an avowx-d K<>iii.-iii Cntholif. U innnlti-lv 
bottor-informod and niort' M^ii-iitiOr than tho rhoforic of «'itli«>r 
M. Brum«lii'n> or M. Ruinri-t. Tho ooiifliidiiii; i>afr<'« nrx' n 
pmknto trill 'iid <>iii'r{;r. It l!<»|)ity, 

howvver. t! Ill lini'H nr«« not quotcHl 

inntt'^d of l,<.ii^ffllii« -. I'mhn of l.ifr. Tho latter is after all 
only an Old World jxx-t arcidontally born in the New. 

IxH iw Anally note the extremely slneere and sii^jjrestive 
liook which M. FouilhV (ulrtNidy well known for his " Psycholojrie 
du PeU|ile Kraii<,-ais ") has written uinler the title I.A 
Kkano; at Point I>F. Vik Moiiai.. Then- are here I.V) |)a;,'es 
on the r«>li|;ious crisis in France, the rulm of ralholicisin 
and Pnitestantisiii, and on lhi> |>ower as well as the licence of 
the modern French Press. M. KouilUV lM'lit>ves with the 
forei^ier that Franc«>, nfti-r all. re|ires»'nts the jji-eal i>i'iiici|iles 
of the lievolntion- the principles of the rif;his of man and of 
hnman <iolidnritr. He in^iHts that the triumph of miium dVfiil 
would lie to €le«<troy the miaoN dVfrc of Frinee. To our mind, 
•s wo have |M>intod out «i propox of M. Bizalpette and Baron 
Monrre, the real France is this double Fniiice, and the keynote 
to its history is n HOnsc of the afje-loiif; slriifft;le lietween these 
two ir for«'es. From this point of view M. Hanotanx, 

in his , ,. his history of Kichelieu, has a profoniider sense 

of the drift ot French social development than Michelct or M. 
Fonillt'i-. 



A CENTURY OF GERMAN LITERATURE. 



A little over a year a^rovv dixcuitaetl at )«ome lenffth the first 
of a 8<>rl4"s of ton volumes which are in course of publication by 
Bond i, of Berlin, on Cieriiiau in the ninetoenlli century. That 
Tolumo dealt with Intellecliinl nii<l social tendencies. Another 
volume now before us takes lit<>ratiire for its province and is 
called DiK Dwthchk Littfwatiii dkh Nki-vzehntkn .Iaiiiiiii'n- 
UKKTO. by K. M. Meyer (lOin.). It has lieen out some months, 
but the ap|M>:irance of a aecond edition iiMiiinds ns that the liook 
has at least won the favour of the German readinc public, and 
(fives, therefore, un opixirtunity of briiifciuR it to the notice of 
Rnfrlish readers of German. In the course of the last few y«Kirs, 
however, there have appeared so many eph<>meral lK>oks on 
modern German literature that one is naturally a little wary of 
recouiraeiidiiiK off-hand to a foreign public a new work on this 
subjiH't. It must bo confessed too, that Dr. K. .\l. .Meyer's iKiok 
awnkens suspicion. He has laid hiins«-lf open to the accusation 
<■' " dcr Mitwi'll Spass zu machen," for he has placed 

II' ■•iglit of his iKiok on the discussion of the liti'rature of 

the last few decades, in other words, of those contempor.iry 
urltt-rs alMul whom the public of the moment has naturally most 
iiy. The last twenty years of the iiinetiH'nth c-entury 
,.-..ne more pages allotted to them than the flrst thirty. 
Theodor Fontane gets more space than the whole Romantic 
School, and Hauptmann is discussed at more length than 
(:rill|Mr7<-r. Dr. Meyer, it is true, defends (his unfair 
<l on the ground thai the older perio<ls have 

■■< U written alKiiit that Ihey do not make the 

»-i:  ''h\ i-rilicisiii. Hut none the li>ss, this lack 

«•< I'T. , iiiiental to the work as a lasting conlribn- 

lliwi to literary history. 

Since the first appearance of Pr. .Meyer's book, liowov»'r, we 
hare not only re-read it. but have conipnre<l It with a number of 
other works of more or Ions similar scope, and we are bound to 
confeaa that it is much the best history of imNlern (ierman 
litrraiuiw at present in th<> field. Not that it is in any resp<>ct 
a final book ; I»r, M'-yer re<-ogni»-s himmdf that it is not the 
bttsineaa of a c< - • y to write final literary criticism : it 

is ituMigh if !>' helpful criticism. We caiinol always 

a um a with I>r. Meyer's views, but their originality and snggi-s- 

1 ivr.ritf.SH :in* cw.I trt Im- ilimitit^'il. Tlic ImmiL' mi/TiTs rmtii :iii rirtilit-itl 



division Into doeadeti, oneh chapter covering ten years. Such 
artificial dlsso<-t!ons of literature suggest Linnieus' classification 
of the vegetable world. Neither in literiture nor science can 
such a method Im> carri<>«l out without straining, if not actually 
running counter to, the laws of natural developiiieiit. The plan 
has the disa<lvaiitagf> of iliviiling up pei-iisls and movements 
which <'an only be pi-o|M'rly stndl<><l as wholes. In the examina- 
tion of the first Koinantic ScIhhiI, of the sing<>rs of thi» war of 
LilM>ratioii, of the lievoliilinnary lyric, lhen> may lie little n-ason 
for cavilling at the arrangement. Bnl if we wish to get an idea 
of the part played, s;iy, by Young Germany in the lit<>rature of 
till' century, or of the activity of the Munich group of writers at 
a later |M>ri<M], we ar<> oblig<>d to plee<> it together out of several 
chapters. 

The grt'at merit of the b(s>k, however, and the r<>asou which 
induces us to rt>cOMimeiid it warmly lo the Kiiglish public, is the 
fact that it is the first bi^ik on iiiiHleni lieriiiaii lileralur(> whivh 
is eosmopolitan in its judgment. Mncli has Ix'en said and written 
re<s>iitly agiiitisl " Das Ii<'rliiierl iiin in (h'r Litleraliir," but 
" Berlinerlnni," or, in otlu-r words, metro|H>Iitaii standards, 
whatever effect they may have on pis-lic proiliu'tion, an- helpful 
to literary criticism ; and herc» lies the ho|)<> of (i<>rman criticism 
losing that provincial, narrowly " (ierman " |>oint of view which 
is often dis!Vgre<'ably in eviiU'iice. Not that Dr. .Meyer, his 
B'riin standiwint notwithstanding, can iK^entii'cly acquitted of 
expressing opinions which are obviously not for us non-Germans, 
but on the whole he has written a cosmopolitan book. 
The writers to whum he devotes most attention, such as 
(irillparzer, Helibel, .\nzengrnl)or, Hauptmann in drama, 
Heine, Di-oste-Hulshoff, Leiiaii in the lyi-ie, Keller, Storm, 
Kontane in the novel — are all wrllei's whom a critic, 
placing himself at a general Kuro|ieaii standpoint, would 
also regard as the leading literary men of motlern Germany. 
Our chief regret is that at least half of the very minor 
ileities of the moment had not been dropiM-d out of the liook to 
make room for a fuller, more ini-isive criticism of the great 
innovators of the beginning of the century, those men who with 
their aphorisms and fragmentary novels, their exaggerated lyric 
fit'ling and their ho|iclossly undramatic dramas, succeeded 
nevertheless in revolutionizing the literature of their own land 
and of Kurope. Such criticism none of the younger Gcnnan 
critics is better able to write than Dr. Meyer. Perhaps in n 
future edition he will, even at the risk of making two voltunes 
out of one, give his work that proportion the want of which 
seems to us at present its most serious flaw. 



SHAKESPEARE REVISED. 



We have never risen fi-om any work on Shakespeare, even 
the most fantastic commentary on the Sonnets or I lu> wildest 
" Baconian " iiiMjltMjia, with such a sense of nightmaru 
u|)on us as from the |M>rusal of Wilmam Siiakksckaiik : 
Pkohoiiv ami Tkxt, by B. \. P. Van Dam, .M.l)., with fho 
assistance- of ('. Stoffel (Williams and .Norgate). Dr. 
Van Dam anil Mr. Stoffel are new names to ns among Shake- 
spearian students, bnl with a serene s<'lf-<'onlidence tliey batt