Skip to main content

Full text of "Living leaders, an encyclopedia of biography : special edition for Daviess and Martin counties, Indiana"

See other formats 


km  t'!i!i ..'. 
I  ■.-i'-'!'iii!'ii'il!'ii;!J'  pi'ii':  I'i'il' 


i\'::'M 


I   lip  Ij^it 'ii^. 


te    S 


i  ill 


i 


iiffii'i 


l!,!i:l- 


mm  i  i  i '  i!rl;-';: : 
ilUii!iplillil«i':ife|rl:v 

I'll'      ii:i    ;ri: 


MWI 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

k 

m 


_     I  I         .  ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

^"^  '  lilllliillllilllill 


3  1833  01705  7131 

GC  929. 11  L75 

Living  leaders 7  an 
encyclopedia  of  eiografhy 


EiDing  Eeaders  ^  ^ 


Cncpclopeaia  of  BiograpDp, 


SPECIAL  EDITION 

FOR 

Daviess  and  Martin  Counties, 

INDIANA, 


ILLUSTRATED. 


AMERICAN  PUBLISHING  COMPANY, 
J  897. 


1142757 

INTRODUCTION. 


iHERE  is  an  irresistible  attraction  in  reading  the  lives  of  cel- 
ebrated people  which  enchains  the  hearts  of  young  and  old 
alike.    The  study  of  individual  character  as  represented  by 
men  and  women  whose  names  are  graven  on  the  imperish- 
able tablets  of  Fame,  is  not  only  fascinating  but  instructive. 
Strange  as  it  may  seem  we  know  less  of  living  celebrities, 
who  by  thought  and  action  are  now  molding  the  destiny  of  the  nation,  than 
we  do  of  the  immortal  dead  whose  epitaphs  are  written  in  the  sacred  archives 
of  history. 

This  work  is  a  record  of  noted  Americans  now  livmg,  and  of  the  impor- 
tant events  they  have  created.  It  contains  the  portraits  of  famous  persons 
whose  names  are  prominent  in  the  annals  of  the  times.  Each  portrait  is 
reproduced  from  a  recent  photograph,  and  is  accompanied  by  a  biographical 
sketch  obtained  in  nearly  all  cases  by  personal  interview.  The  work  is  there- 
fore of  untold  value  as  a  text  book  of  national  character,  an  authentic  account 
of  modern  progress  and  development,  and  the  influence  of  master  minds  upon 
American  history. 

Hon.  Benjamin  Harrison,  Ex-President  of  the  United  States,  has  said : 
"  If  we  would  strengthen  our  country,  we  should  cultivate  a  love  for  it  in 
our  hearts  and  in  the  hearts  of  our  children  and  neighbors ;  and  this  love  for 
civil  institutions,  for  a  land,  for  a  flag,  if  they  are  worthy  and  great  and  have 
a  glorious  history,  is  widened  and  deepened  by  a  fuller  knowledge  of  them." 

Biography  is  not  alone  the  history  of  individuals,  it  is  the  history  of  a 
Nation. 


The  influence  of  truly  great  men  upon  humanity  cannot  be  estimated. 
The  diplomacy  and  stanch  patriotism,  of  Grover  Qeveland,  the  statesmanship 
of  William  McKinley,  the  forensic  ability  of  Melville  W.  Fuller,  the  rare  schol- 
arship of  Edward  Everett  Hale,  and  the  broad  liberality  of  Archbishop  Ireland, 
have  been  important  factors  Li  shaping  the  course  of  human  events. 

The  scientific  discoveries  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  have  resulted  in  untold 
benefit  to  Americans  and  to  the  world. 

The  poetic  genius  of  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich,  the  oratory  of  Chauncey 
M.  Depew.  and  the  humor  of  Mark  Twain,  have  left  an  indelible  impress 
.pon  mankind. 

"  One  touch  of  nature  makes  the  whole  world  kin,"  whether  it  be  the 
princely  charity  of  John  D.  Rockefeller,  or  the  devotion  of  Neal  Dow  to  the 
cause  of  temperance. 

The  world  loves  to  read  of  great  deeds  of  bravery  and  the  heroism  of  Ida 
Lewis,  the  lighthouse-keeper  who  risks  her  life,  in  an  open  boat,  during  a  ter- 
rible storm,  to  rescue  drowning  sailors,  or  the  courage  of  Dr.  Charles  Park- 
hurst,  battling  against  the  forces  of  evil,  calls  for  the  admiration  of  all. 

America  has  produced  many  celebrated  men  who  have  risen  from  humble 
stations  to  occupy  exalted  positions.  Levi  P.  Morton  started  in  life  as  an 
humble  clerk ;  Robert  Collyer  was  a  blacksmith ;  John  Wanamaker,  a  mes- 
senger boy ;  Lyman  J.  Gage,  a  night  watchman ;  James  Whitcomb  Riley,  a 
wandering  sign  painter ;  William  B.  Allison,  a  farmer  boy ;  George  M.  Pull- 
man, a  house  mover;  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  a  carpenter,  and  Francis  Bret 
Harte,  a  printer.  These  and  many  others  began  the  battle  of  life  under  dis- 
couraging conditions,  but  finally  overcame  all  obstacles  and  rose  to  eminence 
ind  honor. 

This  work  is  of  especial  importance  in  view  of  the  approaching  presiden- 
tal  campaign.  Soon  a  new  pilot  will  stand  at  the  helm  to  guide  the  Ship  of 
State  through  the  shoals  and  shallows  of  doubt  and  danger.  Many  able 
statesmen  have  spent  their  lives  in  vain  pursuit  of  this  coveted  honor,  while 
others,  more  fortunate,  have  secured  the  prize.  The  biographies  and  portraits 
)f  all  possible  candidates  for  president  and  aspirants  for  other  political  honors 
are  found  in  this  book. 


The  work  is  an  invaluable  cyclopedia  of  names  and  a  portrait  gallery  of 
the  most  prominent  men  and  women  of  the  day.  Its  value  to  the  young  is 
unquestioned,  as  it  teaches  them  to  emulate  the  deeds  of  those  who  are  living 
examples  of  deserving  fame. 

The  work  necessarily  contains  the  portraits  and  biographies  of  many 
who  have  seen  long  years  of  service,  but  who  wear  their  age  "  like  a  lusty 
winter,  frosty  but  kindly."  And  when  the  summons  comes  for  any  one  of 
these  grand  old  heroes  to  rise  to  a  higher  and  a  better  life  we  can  say  from 
our  hearts: 

"  Weep  not  for  him. 

Who  departing  leaves  millions  in  tears ; 

Not  for  him — 

Who  has  died  full  of  honor  and  years ; 

Not  for  him — 

Who  ascended  Fame's  ladder  so  high, 

From  the  round  at  the  top 

He  has  stepped  to  the  sky." 


MELVILLE    W.    FULLER. 


A  LESS  modest  man  of  equal  abilities  would  probably  have  risen 
to  public  prominence  earlier  in  life  than  did  Mr.  Fuller.  Not 
until  1888,  when  he  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  did  he  become  known  to  the  country  as  a  great  jurist, 
though  he  had  long  been  recognized  as  such  in  Illinois.  Melville  W. 
Fuller  was  born  in  Augusta,  Maine,  February  U,  1833.  After  grad- 
uating at  Bowdoin  College  in  J  853  he  began  the  study  of  law  at  Har- 
vard, and  in  1855  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  his 
native  city.  Here  he  edited  the  Augusta  "Age,"  became  president  of 
the  common  council,  and  in  1856  was  elected  city  attorney.  In  the 
last-named  year  he  removed  to  Chicago,  where  for  thirty-two  years 
he  conducted  a  highly  successful  law  practice.  Mr.  Fuller  was  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  Constitutional  Convention  in  1862,  and  of  the 
Illinois  House  of  Representatives  in  1863.  A  strong  Democrat,  he 
served  as  a  delegate  to  all  the  national  conventions,  from  1864  to  1880 
inclusive,  and  was  always  prominent  in  the  councils  of  his  party, 
where  his  word  had  the  greatest  influence.  When  President  Qeve- 
land  selected  him  to  fill  the  vacancy  on  the  Supreme  bench  of  the 
United  States,  caused  by  the  death  of  Chief  Justice  Waite,  the  choice 
was  pronounced  a  wise  one  by  those  who  knew  Mr.  Fuller  best.  He 
was  confirmed  by  the  Senate  July  20,  1888,  and  took  the  oath  of  office 
on  the  8th  of  October  following.  The  degree  of  LL.  D.  has  been 
conferred  upon  him  by  Bowdoin  College  and  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity. 


MELVILLE  W.  FULLER. 


THOMAS   ALVA   EDISON. 


rmay  be  truthfully  said  that  the  current  history  of  this  country 
contains  no  brighter  page  than  that  which  recites  the  achievements 
of  Thomas  A.  Edison.  This  great  inventor  first  saw  the  light  of 
day  at  Alva,  Ohio,  February  H,  1847.  As  a  boy  he  became  particu- 
larly interested  in  the  study  of  chemistry.  While  employed  as  a  news- 
boy on  a  railway  train  he  took  up  the  study  of  telegraphy,  and  pur- 
sued it  so  persistently  by  sitting  up  late  at  nights  in  a  railway  station 
that  he  was  soon  an  expert  operator.  He  worked  at  this  trade  in  a 
number  of  places,  and  while  at  Adrian,  Mich.,  opened  a  shop  for 
repairing  telegraph  instruments  and  the  making  of  new  machinery.  He 
then  went  to  Indianapolis,  where  he  invented  his  automatic  repeater. 
Later,  he  was  stationed  in  Cincinnati,  with  an  established  reputation  as 
an  inventor,  and  from  there  went  to  Boston,  where  he  perfected  his 
duplex  telegraph.  Shortly  thereafter  Mr.  Edison  was  made  superintend- 
ent of  the  New  York  Gold  Indicator  Company,  and  transferred  his  shops 
to  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1876  he  resigned  this  position  and  established 
himself  permanently  at  Menlo  Park,  N.  J.,  devoting  his  entire  time  to 
research  and  invention.  Among  the  productions  of  his  brain  are  the 
phonograph,  the  microphone,  the  electric  pen,  the  quadruplex  and  sextu- 
plex  transmitter,  improvement  in  the  electric  light  and  the  telephone,  the 
kinetoscope  and  kinetograph.  Mr.  Edison  is  of  a  modest,  retiring  dis- 
position, an  indefatigable  worker,  and  when  occupied  in  perfecting  a 
new  invention  scarcely  takes  time  to  eat  or  sleep  until  it  is  completed. 
Remarkable  as  have  been  many  of  his  achievements  in  the  past,  he 
expects  to  produce  still  greater  results  from  recent  experiments,  and  the 
public  has  great  confidence  in  his  forecasts  of  coming  miracles. 


THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON. 
9 


ELIZABETH  CADY  STANTON. 


AMONG  the  women  of  the  United  States  who  have  devoted  their 
lives  to  the  work  of  correcting  existing  evils  in  the  social  con- 
ditions of  their  sex,  there  is  none  now  living  who  is  better  known  or 
more  highly  honored  for  the  good  she  has  accomplished  than  Elizabeth 
Cady  Stanton.  This  popular  lady  was  born  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y., 
November  12,  1815,  and  was  graduated  a*  Mrs.  Emma  Willard's  Sem- 
inary, in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  in  1832.  In  1840  she  was  married  to  Henry 
Brewster  Stanton,  and  in  the  same  year,  while  attending  the  World's 
Anti-Slavery  Convention,  in  London,  she  met  Lucretia  Mott,  with 
whom  she  was  in  sympathy,  and  with  whom  she  signed  the  call  for 
the  first  Women's  Rights  Convention.  This  was  held  at  her  home  in 
Seneca  Falls,  July  19  and  20,  1848.  She  addressed  the  New  York 
Legislature  on  the  rights  of  married  women  in  1854,  and  in  advocacy 
of  divorce  for  drunkenness  in  1860,  and  in  1867  spoke  before  the  Leg- 
islature and  the  Constitutional  Convention,  maintaining  that  during  the 
revision  of  the  constitution  the  state  was  resolved  into  its  original  ele- 
ments and  that  citizens  of  both  sexes  had  a  right  to  vote  for  members 
of  that  convention.  She  canvassed  Kansas  in  1867  and  Michigan  in 
1874,  when  the  question  of  woman  suffrage  was  submitted  to  the  peo- 
ple of  those  states.  .  Since  1869  she  has  addressed  many  congressional 
committees  and  conventions,  and  delivered  numerous  lectures  on  this 
subject,  and  for  ten  years  she  was  president  of  the  National  Woman 
Suffrage  Association.  In  1868  she  was  a  candidate  for  Congress. 
She  was  an  editor  with  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  Parker  Pillsbury  of 
"The  Revolution,"  founded  in  1868,  and  is  joint  author  of  "History 
of  Woman's   Suffrage." 

10 


ELIZABETH  CADY  STANTON, 


GROVER   CLEVELAND. 


STEPPING  from  comparative  obscurity  into  the  highest  position  in  the 
gift  of  the  American  people,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  no  man  was 
ever  more  favored  by  fortuitous  circumstances  than  President  Cleveland. 
He  was  born  in  Caldwell,  Essex  County,  N.  J.,  March  18,  1837. 
His  father  was  a  Presbyterian  clergyman.  After  his  father's  death 
Grover  became  a  clerk  and  assistant  teacher  in  the  New  York  Insti- 
tution for  the  Blind,  but  in  1855  he  settled  in  Buffalo  with  his  uncle, 
and  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Rogers,  Bowen  &  Rogers.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859,  and  from  1863  until  1866  was  district 
attorney  of  Erie  County.  He  became  the  law  partner  of  Isaac  V.  Van- 
derpool,  and  in  1869  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Lanning,  Cleveland  &  Fol- 
som,  practicing  until  1870,  when  he  was  made  sheriff  of  Erie  County. 
The  firm  of  Bass,  Cleveland  &  Bissell  was  formed  in  1873,  and  in  1881 
Mr.  Cleveland  was  elected  mayor  of  Buffalo.  In  1882,  favored  by  a 
factional  fight  in  the  Republican  party,  he  was  made  governor  of  New 
York,  and  in  1884  the  Democratic  party  nominated  him  for  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  elected  him  on  a  platform  of  tariff  reform. 
He  was  defeated  for  a  second  term  by  the  Republican  candidate,  Ben- 
jamin Harrison,  but  in  1892  he  in  turn  defeated  Mr.  Harrison,  and 
again  became  President.  Mr.  Cleveland  is  a  man  of  well-balanced 
temperament,  a  hard  worker,  persistent  almost  to  obstinacy,  and  devoted 
to  economical  reforms.  He  was  married  in  the  White  House,  in  1886, 
to  Miss  Frances  Folsom,  daughter  of  his  former  law  partner.  He  stands 
forth   a   very   sturdy   figure  in   the   line   of   Presidents. 


By  permisBion  of  barony. 


GROVER  CLEVELAND. 
J3 


FRANCES   FOLSOM   CLEVELAND. 


NEVER  did  a  fairer  type  of  American  womanhood  preside  over  the 
domestic  affairs  of  the  White  House  than  she  who  has  been 
twice  called  to  the  proud  position  of  "the  first  lady  in  the  land." 
Mrs.  Cleveland,  only  a  few  years  ago,  was  the  charming  Miss  Fran- 
ces Folsom,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where  she  was  born  in  1864.  Her 
father  was  at  one  time  Mr.  Cleveland's  law  partner  and  the  two  men 
were  close  friends  up  to  the  time  of  Mr.  Folsom's  death,  in  1875. 
After  that  sad  event  Mr.  Cleveland  was  appointed  guardian  of  his  late 
friend's  daughter,  and  she  was  taken  to  the  home  of  her  grandmother 
in  Medina,  N.  Y.,  where  she  attended  high-school.  She  was  regarded 
as  one  of  the  brightest  pupils  in  her  class,  and  upon  finishing  her 
course  in  the  high-school  she  entered  the  sophomore  class  of  Wells 
College,  where  she  graduated  with  high  honors.  As  a  girl.  Miss  Fol- 
som was  a  general  favorite,  admired  for  her  beauty  and  charming 
vivacity,  as  well  as  for  her  many  accomplishments.  After  leaving  col- 
lege she  visited  Europe  with  her  mother,  and  soon  after  her  return  she 
became  the  mistress  of  the  executive  mansion  at  Washington.  She 
was  married  to  Grover  Cleveland,  in  the  White  House,  May  28,  1886, 
and  at  once  became  the  most  popular  lady  in  America.  Under  her 
leadership  Washington  society  acquired  great  brilliancy.  With  a  grace 
and  dignity  all  her  own,  coupled  with  a  charming  cordiality  and  sim- 
plicity of  manner  that  commanded  the  admiration  of  the  whole  country, 
she  bore  the  responsibilities  of  her  trying  position  like  one  to  the  manor 
bora  She  has  proved  a  loving  mother  as  well  as  a  devoted  wife. 
Mr,  and  Mrs.  Cleveland  have  three  beautiful  children,  Ruth,  Esther  and 
Marion. 

J4 


FRANCES  FOLSOM  CLEVELAND. 


WILLIAM  B.   ALLISON. 


WTH  a  broad  and  breezy  style  of  statesmanship  that  at  once 
stamps  him  as  a  product  of  the  great  West,  Senator  Allison, 
of  Iowa,  must  be  enrolled  among  those  eminent  Americans  whose  abil- 
ities have  forced  them  into  prominence  from  the  obscurity  of  the  farm. 
His  early  years  were  spent  on  the  farm  at  Perry,  Wayne  County, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  born  March  2,  1829.  He  was  educated  at  Alle- 
gheny G)llege,  Pennsylvania,  and  at  the  Western  Reserve  College, 
Ohio,  after  which  he  took  up  the  study  of  law,  and  practiced  his  pro- 
fession in  Ohio  until  1857.  He  then  went  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  which 
city  has  since  been  his  home.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago 
convention  that  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  lor  the  presidency  in  I860, 
and  in  the  following  year  became  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  gover- 
nor of  Iowa,  in  which  capacity  he  rendered  valuable  service  in  raising 
troops  and  organizing  volunteer  regiments  for  the  war.  In  1862  Mr. 
Allison  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress  as  a  Republican,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  continuously 
as  a  member  of  that  body  from  December  7,  1863,  until  March  3, 
1871.  In  1873  he  was  elected  United  States  Senator  to  succeed 
James  Harlan,  and  he  has  been  three  times  re-elected.  His  present 
term  of  service  will  expire  in  1897.  Senator  Allison  has  long  been 
recognized  as  one  of  the  strongest  men  in  the  Republican  party,  a  nat- 
ural leader  and  organizer,  combining  the  shrewdness  of  the  politi- 
cian with  the  broad-minded  patriotism  of  the  statesman,  and  with  per- 
sonal influence  second  to  that  of  no  man  in  Washington.  He  has 
been  a  prominent  candidate  for  the  presidential  nomination  in  more  than 
one   Republican   convention. 

16 


WILLIAM  B.  ALLISON. 

17 


DAVID   BENNETT    HILL. 


IN  stature  rather  below  than  above  the  average  height,  and  somewhat 
sparely  built,  Senator  Hill  is,  nevertheless,  a  giant  among  the  rep- 
resentatives of  that  wing  of  the  Democratic  party  that  has  no  patience 
with  the  so-called  reform  methods  of  the  Cleveland  administration.  He 
w^as  born  in  Havana,  Chemung  ( now  Schuyler )  County,  New  York, 
August  29,  1843.  His  first  employment  was  as  a  clerk  in  a  lawyer's 
office  'n  his  native  village,  and  he  afterward  studied  law  in  Elmira, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864.  He  was  appointed  city  attor- 
ney, and  later  was  many  times  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  State 
Conventions,  being  president  of  those  held  in  1877  and  1881.  He  was 
also  prominent  in  the  Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1876  and 
1884;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature  of  1870  and  1871; 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Elmira  in  1882,  and  in  the  same  year  was 
elected  lieutenant-governor  on  the  ticket  headed  by  Grover  Cleveland. 
When  Mr.  Cleveland  resigned  in  1884,  to  become  President  of  the 
United  States,  Mr.  Hill  succeeded  him  as  Governor  of  New  York,  and 
in  1885  he  was  elected  Governor  for  the  full  term  of  three  years.  In 
1888  he  was  re-elected  over  Warner  Miller,  and  in  1891  he  was 
chosen  United  States  Senator  to  succeed  William  M.  Evarts.  As  a 
champion  of  Tammany,  Senator  Hill  was  opposed  to  the  nomination 
of  Grover  Cleveland  for  a  second  presidential  term  in  1892,  and  has 
since  vigorously  antagonized  the  administration  by  his  vote  and  influ- 
ence in  the  Senate,  defeating  the  President's  favorite  nominations.  His 
bitterest   political   opponents   admit   his   shrewdness   and   courage. 


DAVID  BENNETT  HILL. 


THOMAS    BRACKETT    REED. 


A  MAN  of  forceful  ideas  and  a  happy  gift  of  expressing  them — 
a  man  who  thinks  for  himself,  and  displays  remarkable  originality 
of  thought  in  looking  at  any  subject — Thomas  B.  Reed,  of  Maine,  is 
a  recognized  leader  of  the  Republicans  in  the  National  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives. Mr.  Reed  was  born  in  Maine,  October  18,  1839,  and 
was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  I860,  after  which  he  studied 
law.  In  1864  he  entered  the  Navy  as  acting  assistant  paymaster,  but 
after  one  year  of  service  he  resumed  his  profession.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1868,  and 
was  state  senator  the  following  session.  For  two  years  he  was  attor- 
ney-general of  the  state,  and  was  city  solicitor  for  Portland  for  a  term 
of  four  years.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress,  and 
has  since  been  continuously  re-elected.  In  the  Fifty-first  Congress  Mr. 
Reed  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  the  vigor  of  his  adminis- 
tration, and  his  fearless  departure  from  the  usage  of  years  in  his  rul- 
ings, attracted  widespread  attention,  as  well  as  a  storm  of  criticism. 
He  was  assailed  in  every  way  that  party  indignation  could  invent  or 
the  bitterness  of  defeat  devise,  yet  his  acts  may  be  said  to  have  been 
vindicated.  It  is  admitted  even  by  Mr.  Reed's  political  opponents  that 
he  is  a  man  of  honor  and  patriotism — an  American  throughout — with 
a  force  of  intellect  and  character,  and  a  training  and  education  which 
make  all  Americans  proud  to  have  him  in  the  forefront  of  our  public 
life.  In  the  Fifty-fourth  Congress  Mr.  Reed  was  again  elected  Speaker 
of  the  House.  The  revival  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  by  a  controversy 
between  England  and  the  United  States  over  the  question  of  territorial 
rights  in  Venezuela,  was  the  most  important  event  of  this  Congress^ 

20 


THOMAS  BRACKETT  REED. 

21 


JOHN  SHERMAN. 


POSSESSING  in  an  eminent  degree  the  essantial  qualifications  of  a 
statesman,  combined  with  a  positive  genius  for  solving  the  finan- 
cial problems  in  the  affairs  of  government,  the  United  States  Senator 
from  Ohio  presents  one  of  the  most  imposing  figures  in  public  life. 
John  Sherman  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Ohio,  May  10,  J  823.  After 
receiving  an  education  he  studied  law  with  a  brother  at  Mansfield, 
where  he  afterward  practiced  for  ten  years.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  in  the  interest  of  the  Free-Soil  party, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Congresses.  He  became  a 
power  on  the  floor  and  in  committees,  and  was  recognized  as  the  fore- 
most man  in  the  House,  particularly  in  matters  affecting  finance.  In 
1861  he  was  sent  to  the  United  States  Senate,  where  he  at  once 
became  a  leader.  After  the  close  of  the  Civil  war  he  and  Thaddeus 
Stevens  prepared  the  bill  for  the  reconstruction  of  the  Southern  States, 
which  was  passed  by  Congress  in  the  winter  of  1866  67.  President 
Hayes  appointed  Mr.  Sherman  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  1877,  and 
it  was  due  to  his  management  while  at  the  head  of  that  department 
that  the  resumption  of  specie  payment  was  effected  in  1879  without 
disturbance  to  the  financial  or  commercial  interests  of  the  country.  In 
1881  he  re-entered  the  Senate,  of  which  he  is  still  a  leading  member. 
Senator  Sherman  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  the  Republican  presi- 
dential nomination  in  1880,  and  again  in  1888.  His  present  term  in 
the  Senate  will  expire  iii  1899.  He  is  a  member  of  the  committee 
on  finance,  the  committee  on  foreign  relations,  and  several  select  com- 
mittees requiring  the  exercise  of  his  superior  judgment  and  knowledge 
of   affairs. 

22 


JOHN  SHERMAN. 
23 


JOHN    GRIFFIN   CARLISLE. 


KENTUCKY  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  birthplace  of  many- 
noted  men.  Among  those  who  have  been  before  the  public 
for  a  long  term  of  years,  and  whose  fame  is  so  national  in  its  scope 
that  they  can  scarcely  be  said  to  belong  to  any  state,  is  John  G.  Car- 
lisle, appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  1893.  He  was  born  in 
Campbell  (now  Kenton)  County,  Kentucky,  September  5,  1835,  and 
now  resides  in  Covington,  in  the  same  state.  He  was  occupied  as  a 
public  school  teacher  while  studying  law,  and  in  1858  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  Mr.  Carlisle  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legis- 
lature in  1859,  and  in  1864  he  was  nominated  as  presidential  elector 
on  the  Democratic  ticket,  but  declined  to  serve.  He  afterward  served 
two  terms  in  the  senate  of  his  native  state,  resigning  his  seat  upon 
being  nominated  for  lieutenant-governor,  to  which  office  he  was  elected 
in  1871.  He  was  subsequently  elected  to  Congress,  and  served  with 
distinction  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  a  portion  of  the  time  as 
Speaker,  until  he  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  Kentucky  to 
succeed  the  late  Senator  Beck.  He  later  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Sen- 
ate to  enter  President  Cleveland's  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
Mr.  Carlisle  is  a  leading  representative  of  that  branch  of  the  Democ- 
racy which  advocates  a  low  tariff,  and  in  his  public  speeches  he  has 
presented  many  forcible  arguments  against  the  policy  of  protection. 
Personally,  he  is  a  man  of  generous  impulses  and  charitable  inclina- 
tions, and  is  one  of  the  most  popular  officials  at  Washington.  Mr. 
Carlisle  is  a  vigorous  advocate  of  a  sound  financial  policy.  His  views 
are  always  openly  and  freely  expressed,  and  he  is  an  unflinching  oppo- 
nent of  any  measure  that  threatens  the  safety  of  the   currency. 

24 


JOHN  GRIFFIN  CARLISLE. 

25 


WILLIAM  Mckinley. 


HIS  sturdy  advocacy  of  the  principk  of  protection,  coupled  with  abil- 
ities of  the  highest  order,  have  made  William  McKinley,  of 
Ohio,  a  leader  of  his  party,  and  one  of  the  foremost  figures  in  Amer- 
ican politics.  Born  in  Niles,  Ohio,  in  1843,  he  inherited  the  indomi- 
table energy,  perseverance  and  intellectual  brilliancy  characteristic  of  the 
Scotch-Irish  and  German  blood  that  flowed  in  the  veins  of  his  parents. 
After  completing  an  academic  course  Mr.  McKinley  entered  upon  the 
career  of  a  school-teacher,  but  abandoned  that  calling  on  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  war  to  enlist  as  a  private  in  the  Twenty-third  Ohio 
Regiment.  He  was  repeatedly  promoted  for  gallant  service,  attaining 
the  rank  of  captain  in  1864,  and  was  breveted  major  at  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  then  studied  law,  and  in  1871  established  himself  in 
Canton,  Ohio,  where  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ida  Saxton.  His  rise 
in  the  legal  profession  was  rapid,  and  in  1876  Major  McKinley  was 
elected  to  Congress,  where  he  remained  four  terms  by  successive  re- 
elections.  It  was  during  this  period  that  he  became  famous  as  the 
author  of  the  measure  known  as  the  "McKinley  bill,"  which  subse- 
quently became  so  great  a  factor  in  national  elections.  He  was  first 
elected  Governor  of  Ohio  in  1891.  In  1893  he  was  re-elected  by  a 
plurality  of  over  eighty  thousand  votes,  mainly  upon  the  issue  of  pro- 
tection. This  remarkable  record  has  greatly  enhanced  his  chances  of 
receiving  presidential  honors,  and  has  caused  the  Republican  party  to 
look  upon  him  as  its  leader.  Mr.  McKinley  has  been  likened  to 
Napoleon  in  his  personal  appearance,  though  he  is  of  larger  physique 
than  the  famous  general.  As  an  orator  and  debater  he  has  great 
power   and   influence. 


WILLIAM  MCKINLEY, 

27 


SHELBY  M.   CULLOM. 


AVERY  shrewd  politician  is  Shelby  M.  Cullom.  He  was  born 
in  Wayne  County,  Kentucky,  November  22,  1829.  His  family 
moved  to  Illinois  when  he  was  but  a  mere  child,  and  he  grew  up 
among  the  pioneers.  He  worked  on  the  farm  in  summer  and  attended 
the  district  school  in  winter.  Subsequently,  as  has  been  the  experience 
of  so  many  of  the  strong  men  of  the  country,  he  taught  the  district 
school  himself,  and  afterward  entered  the  office  of  a  law  firm  at  Spring- 
field, 111.,  and,  it  so  chanced,  used  the  very  books  that  were  used  by 
Abraham  Lincoln  when  he  studied  law.  Mr.  Cullom  rapidly  acquired 
prominence  after  being  admitted  to  practice.  He  was  elected  city  attor- 
ney at  Springfield,  and  in  1856  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  and  was 
voted  for  by  the  Fillmore  adherents  as  Speaker  of  the  House.  In 
1862  he  had  become  a  man  of  prominence  in  Illinois,  and  was 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln  on  the  commission  with  George  Bout- 
well,  of  Massachusetts,  and  Chas.  A.  Dana  to  oppose  important  claims 
against  the  government,  arising  from  the  accounts  with  quartermasters 
and  others,  dating  from  the  Civil  war.  In  1864  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  as  a  Republican  from  a  Democratic  district.  He  remained  in 
the  House  for  years,  and  in  1872  returned  to  the  Illinois  House  of 
Representatives,  was  elected  Speaker,  and  in  1874  served  another  term 
in  the  Legislature.  In  1876  he  was  elected  governor  of  Illinois,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1880,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  1883,  when  he 
resigned  to  take  his  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  made  vacant  by 
the  death  of  the  Hon.  David  Davis.  As  a  political  organizer.  Senator 
Cullom  has  few  superiors,  and  as  an  experienced  lawmaker  his  rank  is 
among  the  highest. 


F 

z"^**^ 

^^^^^^K-        ^  iBl^^^|a^ap.  *<(» 

^^1^ 

P     g 

^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^Hr^^"'  '^-'^^P 

' 

.^^^jKS'*''         "" ^^ 

SHELBY  M.  CULLOM. 


HENRY   WATTERSON. 


IDENTIFIED  with  the  revenue  reform  movement  of  the  Democratic 
party,  as  an  aggressive  advocate  of  free  trade  ideas,  the  editor  of 
the  Louisville  "Courier-Journal"  is  a  man  of  remarkable  force  and  influ- 
ence, whose  advice  is  sought  by  the  leaders  of  his  party.  Henry 
Watterson,  whose  father  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  was  born  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  February  16,  1840,  and  was  educated  there  by 
private  tutors.  He  entered  the  profession  of  journalism  in  Washington 
in  1858,  and  in  1861  went  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  he  edited  the 
"Republican  Banner."  During  the  Civil  war  he  served  on  the  Con- 
federate side,  a  portion  of  the  time  as  staff  officer,  and  later  as  chief 
of  scouts  in  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston's  army.  Soon  after  the  war  he 
went  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  to  reside,  and  in  1867  succeeded  George  D. 
Prentice  as  editor  of  the  "Journal."  In  the  year  following  he  united 
the  "Courier"  and  the  "Times"  with  that  paper,  and  in  connection 
with  Walter  N.  Haldeman  founded  the  "Courier-Journal,"  of  which  he 
has  since  been  the  editor.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
August  12,  1876,  until  March  3,  1877,  being  chosen  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
but  with  this  exception  he  has  always  declined  public  office.  He  is 
usually  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Conventions,  and  presided 
over  the  one  at  St.  Louis  in  1876.  At  others  he  has  served  as  chair- 
man of  the  platform  committee.  Mr.  Watterson  was  a  personal  friend 
and  resolute  follower  of  Samuel  J.  Tilden.  He  is  prominent  as  an 
orator  and  political  speaker;  has  contributed  freely  to  periodicals,  and  in 
1882  edited  "Oddities  of  Southern  Lifp  and  Character."  As  an  editor 
he  is  easily  the  leading  man  in  Southern  journalism,  and  under  his 
management   the   "  Courier-Journal "   has   become   a   great   power. 


HENRY  WATTERSON. 

3J 


LEVI  P.   MORTON. 


TO  have  been  a  successful  business  nun,  a  legislator,  a  diplomat, 
a  vice-president  of  the  United  States;  to  return  quietly  to  busi- 
ness as  an  ordinary  citizen,  and  then,  at  the  age  of  seventy,  to  be 
looked  upon  as  the  probable  candidate  of  his  party  for  governor  of  his 
state,  with  a  sharp  struggle  in  prospect,  is  a  record  to  be  talked  of, 
and  is  what  Levi  P.  Morton  has  made.  He  was  born  in  Shoreham, 
Vt.,  May  16,  1824,  a  direct  descendant  of  George  Morton,  one  of  the 
Puritan  fathers.  He  acquired  the  ordinary  common  school  education, 
became  a  clerk  in  a  store  in  Hanover,  and  showed  such  capability  as 
to  become  a  partner  before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  In  1849 
he  went  into  business  in  Boston,  and,  in  1854,  went  to  New  York, 
where  he  established  the  dry  goods  firm  of  Morton  &  Grinnell.  Later 
he  established  the  banking  house  of  Morton,  Rose  &  Co.,  with  a 
branch  in  London,  the  firms  becoming  widely  known  through  their 
connection  with  the  settlement  of  the  Geneva  and  Halifax  awards.  In 
1878  Mr.  Morton  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880. 
He  refused  the  chance  of  nomination  for  vice-president  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  the  same  year,  and  President  Garfield  gave  him  the  choice 
between  being  Secretary  of  the  Navy  or  Minister  to  France.  He  chose 
the  latter  place,  and  proved  a  most  capable  representative  of  this  gov- 
ernment. He  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Hiscock  as  the  Republican  nomi- 
nee for  United  States  senator  in  1887,  but  was  nominated  for  vice- 
president  in  1888  and  elected  with  Mr.  Harrison.  At  the  end  of  his 
term  he  resumed  attention  to  his  business  affairs,  but  in  1894  he 
became  the  candidate  for  governor  of  New  York  and  was  elected  by 
a  large  majority. 

32 


LEVI  P.  MORTON. 
33 


RUSSELL  ALEXANDER   ALGER. 


MORE  than  once  has  the  name  and  record  of  the  soldier-statesman 
of  Michigan  been  seriously  considered  by  the  Republican  party 
when  casting  about  for  an  available  candidate  for  President  of  the 
United  States.  Gen.  Russell  A.  Alger  has  been  a  successful  man,  both 
in  political  and  commercial  life.  He  was  born  in  Lafayette,  Ohio,  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1836,  and  after  receiving  a  liberal  education,  adopted  the  pro- 
fession of  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859,  but  two  years 
later,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  entered  the  volunteer  service 
as  captain  of  the  Second  Michigan  Cavalry.  He  came  out  as  a  brevet 
major-general,  having  won  promotion  by  his  gallantry  on  many  battle- 
fields, and  especially  at  Gettysburg  and  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
where  he  greatly  distinguished  himself  for  coolness  and  bravery  under 
the  most  trying  circumstances.  After  the  war  he  was  engaged  for  a 
number  of  years  in  the  lumber  business  in  Detroit,  where  he  amassed 
a  large  fortune.  In  1884  the  Republicans  of  Michigan  elected  him 
governor  of  the  state,  and  he  served  two  years.  He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  was 
chosen  commander-in-chief  of  that  organization  in  1890.  General  Alger 
has  rendered  valuable  service  to  his  party  in  various  state  and  national 
campaigns,  and  has  gained  a  reputation  as  an  enthusiastic  worker  in 
the  political  field.  Only  his  loyalty  to  other  candidates  prevented  him, 
on  one  or  two  occasions,  from  allowing  his  name  to  be  urged  for  the 
presidential  nomination,  and,  indeed,  he  received  a  handsome  vote  in 
the  convention  of  1888.  He  has  many  friends  in  both  political  par- 
ties, and  is  recognized  as  a  man  of  unblemished  character  and  marked 
ability. 


RUSSELL  ALEXANDER  ALGER. 

35 


LYMAN  J.   GAGE. 


IT  was  while  employed  as  night  watchman  in  a  Chicago  lumber 
yard  that  the  opportunity  of  his  life  came  to  Lyman  J.  Gage. 
He  was  offered  the  position  of  bookkeeper  for  the  Merchants'  Savings, 
Loan  and  Trust  Company,  and  accepting  it,  he  began  a  career  which 
eventually  led  him  to  the  highest  position  in  connection  with  any  such 
financial  institution,  the  presidency  of  the  First  National  Bank,  of  Chi- 
cago. Born  in  De  Ruyter,  Madison  County,  N.  Y.,  June  28,  1836, 
Mr.  Gage  came  to  Chicago  in  the  fall  of  1855,  very  poor  but  full  of 
energy  and  pluck.  Accepting  the  first  employment  that  offered,  he 
became  a  man  of  all  work  in  a  planing  mill  and  lumber  yard,  being 
reduced  to  the  station  of  night  watchman  in  1858,  when  the  Mer- 
chants' Loan  and  Trust  Company  gave  him  a  chance.  He  rose  rap- 
idly to  the  office  of  cashier,  and  in  1868  he  went  to  the  First  National 
Bank  to  occupy  a  similar  position.  He  became  vice-president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  that  institution  in  1882,  and  was  elected  president  in 
January,  1891.  Mr.  Gage  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  and  was  one  of  four  men  to  practically  guaran- 
tee that  Chicago  would  redeem  its  pledge  to  raise  $10,000,000  for  the 
Fair.  It  was  his  genius  and  tact  which  largely  made  the  great  enter- 
prise what  it  was.  He  was  unanimously  elected  president  of  the 
World's  Fair  directors,  but  his  duties  as  president  of  the  bank  com- 
pelled him  to  resign.  Over  ten  years  ago  a  high  compliment  was 
paid  to  Mr.  Gage's  genius  for  financiering  by  his  election  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  American  Bankers'  Association.  He  is  a  man  of  genial 
disposition  and  fine  personal  appearance. 


LYMAN  J.  GAGE. 

37 


HARRIET  BEECHER  STOWE. 


SINCE  the  publication  of  "Uncle  Tom's  Cabin"  no  book  by  an 
American  writer,  or,  perhaps  it  may  be  said,  by  any  writer  in 
the  world,  has  reached  the  standard  of  popularity  and  circulation  estab- 
lished by  it.  Its  author  has  produced  better  things,  from  a  purely  lit- 
erary point  of  view,  but  her  name  and  fame  are  inseparably  associated 
with  her  first  story.  Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  who  was  the 
sixth  child  of  Rev.  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher,  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Conn., 
June  12,  1812,  and  was  educated  at  the  Litchfield  Academy.  At  the 
age  of  twelve  she  wrote  compositions  on  profound  themes,  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  taught  a  class  in  "Butler's  Analogy."  In  1832  she 
removed  with  her  father's  family  to  Cincinnati,  where  she  was  married 
in  1836  to  Professor  Calvin  Ellis  Stowe.  Subsequently  she  made  sev- 
eral visits  to  the  South,  and  fugitive  slaves  were  often  sheltered  in  her 
house  and  assisted  to  escape  to  Canada.  In  1849  she  published  "The 
Mayflower,  or  Short  Sketches  of  the  Descendants  of  the  Pilgrims,"  and 
in  1851,  while  living  at  Brunswick,  Me.,  where  her  husband  had  a 
chair  in  Bowdoin  College,  she  wrote  "Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,  or  Life 
Among  the  Lowly."  It  was  published  serially  in  the  "National  Era," 
and  in  1852  appeared  in  book  form.  Nearly  five  hundred  thousand 
copies  were  sold  in  the  United  States  alone  within  the  five  years  fol- 
lowing its  publication.  It  has  been  translated  into  twenty  languages 
and  dramatized  in  various  forms.  Mrs.  Stowe  traveled  extensively  in 
Europe  for  several  years,  and  has  published  a  number  of  other  books, 
among  them  "The  Minister's  Wooing,"  "Dred;  a  Tale  of  the  Great 
Dismal  Swamp,"  "Old  Town  Folks,"  "The  True  Story  of  Lady 
Byron's  Life,"  and  "Lady  Byron  Vindicated." 


HARRIET  BEECHER  STOWE. 

39 


THEODORE   ROOSEVELT. 


T  TERY  few  men  in  the  United  States  have  made  such  a  record  at 
V  such  an  age  as  has  Theodore  Roosevelt.  No  other  young 
man  of  the  old  New  York  families  inheriting  wealth  and  position  has 
done  anything  to  compare  with  him.  He  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  October  27,  1858.  He  graduated  from  Harvard,  and  the  next 
year  was  elected  to  the  New  York  Assembly,  on  the  Republican 
ticket.  Young  as  he  was  he  led  the  minority  in  1882.  He  was 
re-elected,  and,  in  the  face  of  bitter  opposition,  carried  through  the  state 
civil  service  reform  law  and  other  measures  equally  important,  securing, 
among  other  things,  a  great  improvement  in  the  management  of  city 
affairs.  He  was  chairman  of  the  New  York  delegation  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention  in  1884,  and  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  mayor 
of  New  York  in  1886.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Civil  Service  Commission,  and  by  his  tact,  fearless  honesty 
and  force  of  character,  made  civil  service  reform  something  real  and 
tangible.  As  police  commissioner  he  was  instrumental  in  effecting  the 
recent  reconstruction  of  the  police  system  of  New  York  City. 
He  has  been  advancing  steadily  in  the  literary  world  as  in  the  polit- 
ical. He  owns  a  ranch  in  the  northwest,  spends  a  portion  of  his 
time  there,  and  his  works  have  in  many  instances  the  flavor  of  that 
region  in  them.  Among  his  books  are :  "  History  of  the  Naval  War 
of  1812,"  "Hunting  Trips  of  a  Ranchman,"  "Life  of  Thomas  H.  Ben- 
ton," "Life  of  Gouverneur  Morris,"  "Ranch  Life  and  the  Hunting 
Trail,"  "Winning  of  the  West,"  "The  Wilderness  Hunter,"  and  "His- 
tory of  New  York."  He  is  a  splendid  young  American,  one  whose 
career  is  being  watched  with  interest  by  a  host  of  people. 

40 


THEODORE  ROOSEVELT. 


THEODORE   THOMAS. 


THE  man  to  whom,  more  than  to  any  one  else  in  this  country,  is 
due  the  present  appreciation  of  the  modern  school  of  German 
music  is  Theodore  Thomas.  He  occupies  an  exalted  and  unique  posi- 
tion among  the  musicians  of  America.  Mr.  Thomas  was  born  in 
Essen,  Hanover,  Germany,  October  \l,  J 835,  and  received  his  musical 
education  principally  from  his  father.  He  first  played  the  violin  in 
public  at  the  age  of  six.  In  1845  he  came  with  his  parents  to  the 
United  States,  and  for  two  years  played  violin  solos  at  concerts  in 
New  York.  He  then  traveled  for  a  time  in  the  South,  and  returning 
to  New  York,  in  1 85 J,  played  at  concerts  and  at  the  opera,  at  first 
as  one  of  the  principal  violinists  and  afterward  as  orchestral  leader, 
until  1861.  In  connection  with  others,  he  began  a  series  of  chamber 
concerts  in  1855,  which  were  continued  until  1869.  His  first  sym- 
phony concerts  were  given  in  1864,  and  extended  until  he  left  New 
York,  in  1878,  to  take  the  direction  of  the  College  of  Music  at  Cin- 
cinnati. He  remained  in  Cincinnati  until  1880,  and  then  returned  to 
New  York,  where  he  continued  his  work  as  conductor  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Philharmonic  Society  and  the  New  York  Philharmonic  Society, 
occasionally  making  concert  tours,  and  giving  a  series  of  "summer 
night"  concerts  in  various  cities.  He  was  conductor  of  the  American 
Opera  Company  from  1885  to  1887.  In  1888,  after  a  successful 
season  in  Chicago,  he  disbanded  his  orchestra  and  severed  his  New 
York  connections,  subsequently  establishing  himself  in  Chicago,  where 
he  organized  a  new  orchestra  and  where  he  still  remains.  He  was 
conductor  of  the  orchestral  music  at  the  World's  Fair  in  1893,  where 
his   wide   reputation   was   still   further   extended. 


^ 

J 

/J 

[ 

THEODORE  THOMAS. 

43 


JOHN  IRELAND. 


NOTED  for  his  world-wide  liberality,  and  foi  a  patriotism  that 
embraces  humanity.  Archbishop  Ireland,  of  St.  Paul>  is  as  popu- 
lar outside  his  church  as  he  is  within  its  sacred  precincts.  As  an 
orator  he  has  gained  a  national  reputation.  He  was  born  in  Burn- 
church  County,  Kilkenny,  Ireland,  September  H,  1838.  His  parents 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  when  he  was  a  boy,  and  settled  in 
St.  Paul,  Minn.  He  went  to  France  in  September,  J  853,  entered  the 
Petit  Seminaire  of  Meximeux,  and  finished  the  course  in  four  years, 
half  the  usual  time.  After  studying  theology  in  the  Grand  Seminaire, 
at  Hyeres,  he  returned  to  St.  Paul  in  1861,  and  was  ordained  in 
December  of  that  year.  He  served  as  chaplain  of  the  Fifth  Minnesota 
regiment  during  a  part  of  the  Civil  war,  and  was  afterward  appointed 
rector  of  the  Cathedral  at  St.  Paul.  In  J  869  he  organized  the  first 
total  abstinence  society  in  the  state.  In  J  870  he  went  to  Rome  as 
the  accredited  representative  of  Bishop  Grace  at  the  Vatican.  After 
his  consecration  as  coadjutor  bishop  of  St.  Paul  in  1875,  he  undertook 
the  work  of  colonization  in  the  Northwest.  He  made  large  purchases 
of  land  in  Minnesota,  which  were  taken  up  by  nine  hundred  Roman 
Catholic  colonists.  He  then  bought  twelve  thousand  acres  of  land  with 
equally  satisfactory  results.  In  1887  he  visited  Rome  in  the  interest 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  University,  and  was  subsequently  appointed  arch- 
bishop of  St.  Paul.  The  Catholics  of  that  diocese  are  devoted  to  him, 
and  he  has  hosts  of  warm  friends  outside  the  church.  Archbishop 
Ireland  was  for  several  years  president  of  the  State  Historical  Society, 
of  Minnesota,  and  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Northwest. 

44 


JOHN  IRELAND. 


CHAUNCEY  MITCHELL  DEPEW. 


CURIOUSLY  enough,  one  of  the  greatest  railroad  magnates  in  the 
country,  and  a  man  whose  abilities  and  high  standing  have  even 
caused  him  to  be  talked  about  as  a  presidential  possibility,  is  best 
known  to  the  general  public  as  an  after-dinner  speaker.  Chauncey  M. 
Depew  was  born  in  Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  April  23,  1834.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1856,  and  in  a  few  years  was  admitted  to  practice. 
In  186  J  and  1862  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
and  in  1863  was  elected  Secretary  of  State.  He  held  other  political 
offices  at  a  later  date,  but  resigned  them  to  engage  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  From  1866  until  1869  Mr.  Depew  was  attorney  for 
the  Harlem  Railroad  Company,  after  which  he  was  counsel  for  the 
consolidated  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company 
until  1882,  when  he  became  second  vice-president  of  that  corporation. 
In  the  meantime,  in  1872,  he  was  defeated  as  a  candidate  for  lieuten- 
ant-governor of  New  York,  and  in  1874  the  legislature  appointed  him 
regent  of  the  state  university.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  New 
York  Central  in  1885,  and  still  holds  that  position,  besides  being  presi- 
dent of  the  West  Shore  Railroad  Company.  Mr.  Depew  is  a  man  of 
genial  disposition,  with  a  hearty  hand-clasp  for  everybody.  He  is  a 
delightful  conversationalist,  a  great  orator,  and  a  statesman  whose  views 
have  on  more  than  one  occasion  been  demonstrated  as  broad  and 
sound.  He  has  infinite  tact,  a  quality  so  often  lacking  in  public  men 
that  its  possession  may  be  almost  counted  an  added  sense  and  great- 
ness. A  shrewd  financier,  a  diplomat,  a  brilliant  speaker,  full  "of 
infinite  jest"  and  humor,  an  able  business  man,  his  versatility  has 
made  him  a  marked  man  in  the  affairs  of  the  country. 

46 


CHAUNCEY  MITCHELL  DEPEW. 

47 


LEW  WALLACE. 


BLESSED  with  a  happy  combination  of  talents  and  abundant  oppor- 
tunities for  turning  them  to  account,  General  Lew  Wallace,  o£ 
Indiana,  has  made  his  mark  as  a  lawyer,  as  a  soldier,  as  a  politician, 
as  a  diplomat,  and  as  a  writer.  He  was  born  in  Brookville,  Ind.,. 
April  \0,  1827,  and,  after  receiving  a  thorough  education,  studied  law. 
EXiring  the  Mexican  war  he  entered  the  army  as  first  lieutenant. 
Thereafter  he  practiced  his  profession  at  Covington  and  Crawfordsville 
until  the  beginning  of  the  Qvil  war,  when  he  was  appointed  adjutant- 
general  of  Indiana,  and  became  colonel  of  volunteers.  Subsequently  he 
was  commissioned  brigadier-general  and  then  major-general  of  volunteers. 
He  was  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Donelson  and  Shiloh,  and  in  1863  pre- 
vented the  capture  of  Cincinnati  by  the  Confederates.  His  troops  were 
defeated  at  the  battle  of  Monocracy  July  9,  1864,  and  he  was  removed 
from  his  command  by  General  Halleck,  but  was  reinstated  by  General 
Grant.  After  the  war  General  Wallace  was  governor  of  Utah  by  fed- 
eral appointment  from  1878  to  1881,  and  United  States  minister  to. 
Turkey  from  1881  to  1885.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  the  practice  of  law  and  to  literature  at  his  home  in  Crawfordsville. 
His  publications  are  very  popular  and  have  had  an  enormous  sale. 
They  include  "The  Fair  God,"  1873;  "Ben  Hur:  a  Tale  of  the  Christ,"" 
1880;  "The  Boyhood  of  Christ,"  1883;  and  "The  Prince  of  India,'^ 
1893.  In  personal  appearance  Lew  Wallace  is  the  rugged  soldier;  in 
social  life  he  is  the  refined  scholar  and  genial  gentleman;  in  character 
he  is  the  embodiment  of  those  qualities  which  go  to  make  the  highest 
type  of  American  manhood.  As  a  lecturer  and  public  speaker  he  has 
gained   considerable   fame. 


LEW  WALLACE. 

49 


JOHN  WANAMAKER. 


ESTEEMED  more  as  a  philanthropist,  as  a  reformer,  and  as  an 
exemplary  citizen  than  for  any  distinction  gained  by  position  or 
wealth,  John  Wanamaker  is  a  man  whose  life  furnishes  a  standard  for 
the  emulation  of  the  American  youth.  Born  near  Philadelphia,  July 
n,  1838,  he  attended  a  country  school  until  he  was  fourteen,  and  then 
obtained  employment  in  the  city  as  messenger  boy  in  the  publishing 
house  of  Troutman  &  Hayes  at  a  small  salary.  Subsequently  the 
family  lived  for  a  time  in  Kosciusko  County,  Indiana,  but  returned  to 
Philadelphia  in  J  856,  where  young  Wanamaker  eventually  obtained 
employment  in  Tower  Hall,  the  largest  clothing  house  in  that  city. 
In  1861  he  and  the  young  man  who  was  destined  to  become  his 
brother-in-law  opened  a  small  store,  and  the  business  of  Wanamaker  & 
Brown  was  established.  It  grew  to  be  the  largest  retail  clothing  house 
in  America.  A  second  store  was  started  in  the  city,  and,  afterward, 
several  branch  houses.  After  the  Centennial  Exposition  of  J  876,  with 
the  financial  management  of  which  he  was  prominently  connected,  Mr. 
Wanamaker  opened  the  great  general  store  in  Philadelphia,  which  con- 
tinues to  be  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  age.  He  has  many  times 
declined  public  office,  but  in  1889  accepted  the  portfolio  of  Postmaster- 
General  in  President  Harrison's  Cabinet,  and  introduced  into  the  depart- 
ment the  most  approved  business  methods.  From  early  youth  Mr. 
Wanamaker  has  been  deeply  interested  in  Sunday-school  and  temper- 
ance work.  In  1858  he  founded  the  Sunday-school  that  has  since 
grown  into  the  famous  "Bethany."  He  was  for  eight  years  president 
of  the  Philadelphia  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  and  his  gifts  to 
religious   and   charitable   institutions  have   been   numerous   and   liberal. 


JOHN  WANAMAKER. 

5J 


NELSON  APPLETON  MILES. 


FR  conspicuous  daring,  for  brilliant  displays  of  coolness  and  cour- 
age, and  for  remarkable  achievements  as  an  Indian  fighter,  Gen. 
Nelson  A.  Miles  has  made  a  record  of  which  every  patriotic  Ameri- 
can should  be  proud.  General  Miles  was  bom  in  Westminster,  Mass., 
August  8,  1839.  After  receiving  an  academic  education  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  until  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  war,  when  he  entered 
the  volunteer  service  as  lieutenant  in  the  Twenty-second  Massachusetts 
infantry.  In  1862  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant <olonel  of  the  Sixty- 
first  New  York  volunteers,  and  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  steadily  promoted  for  gallantry  until 
he  attained  the  rank  of  major-general.  In  1866  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment in  the  Regular  army  as  colonel  of  the  Fortieth  infantry,  and  in 
J  869  was  transferred  to  the  Fifth  infantry.  He  defeated  the  Cheyenne, 
Kiowa  and  Comanche  Indians,  on  the  borders  of  the  Staked  Plains,  in 
J  875,  and  in  1876  subjugated  the  hostile  Sioux  and  other  Indians  in 
Montana.  In  the  same  year  he  captured  the  Nez  Perces  under  Chief 
Joseph,  and  in  1878  captured  a  band  of  Bannocks  near  the  Yellow- 
stone Park.  He  was  commissioned  brigadier-general  in  1880,  commanded 
for  five  years  the  Department  of  the  Columbia,  for  one  year  the  De- 
partment of  the  Missouri,  and  was  transferred  to  Arizona  in  April,  1886. 
After  a  difficult  campaign  against  the  Apaches  under  Geronimo  and 
Natchez,  he  compelled  those  chiefs  to  surrender,  September  4,  1886. 
He  was  assigned  to  the  Department  of  the  Pacific,  promoted  to  major- 
general,  and  later  placed  in  command  of  the  Division  of  the  Missouri.  In 
1891  he  had  charge  of  the  Indian  war  in  the  Northwest.  In  1895  he  was 
appointed  commander  of  the  army,  in  place  of  Gen.  John  M.  Schofield,  retired. 

52 


■ 

''■>'          "¥  .V                                                              „__:^^^B 

^^H^l 

#1 

i^^ 

ife^ 

% 

B^r 

m 

'';is^« 

c- 

:   J^w 

NELSON  APPLETON  MILES. 

53 


ADOLPHUS  WASHINGTON  GREELEY. 


IF  a  taste  of  adventure  be  one  of  the  characteristics  of  the  present 
head  of  the  United  States  Signal  Service,  then  there  must  be  one 
man  in  the  world  whose  taste  has  been  pretty  fully  gratified.  Adolphus 
"Washington  Greeley  was  born  in  Newburypcrt,  Mass.,  March  27,  J 844, 
graduated  from  the  Brown  High  School,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war  enlisted  in  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  infantry.  In  1863  he 
was  promoted  to  be  a  lieutenant  of  colored  infantry  and  arose  steadily 
in  the  service,  until  in  1875  he  was  brevetted  major-general  of  volun- 
teers for  faithful  service  in  the  field.  He  received  a  commission  as 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Regular  army,  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant 
and  attached  to  the  Signal  Service.  In  1881  he  was  placed  in  com- 
mand of  an  expedition  to  the  Arctic  regions  to  assist  in  the  establish- 
ment of  the  thirteen  circumpolar  stations  decided  upon  by  the  Hamburg 
Geographical  Congress.  He  sailed  in  the  "Proteus,"  July  7,  1881,  and 
after  great  hardships  reached  a  point  81.44  degrees  north  and  64.45 
degrees  west.  He  made  important  discoveries  of  lakes  and  mountains 
in  Grinnell's  Land  and  added  much  in^  other  ways  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  Arctic  circle,  but  found  himself  without  means  of  returning,  the 
relief  expedition  promised  having  failed.  Awful  suffering  ensued.  Six- 
teen of  the  party  died  of  starvation,  one  was  drowned  and  one  was 
shot.  The  third  expedition  sent  to  his  aid  succeeded  and  those  left  of 
the  party  were  rescued  when,  two  days  later,  they  must  all  have  been 
dead.  In  1887  President  Cleveland  appointed  the  intrepid  explorer,  the 
man  who  had  so  endured,  to  the  command  of  the  Signal  Service  with 
the   rank   of   brigadier-general,   a   position   he   now   holds. 


ADOLPHUS  WASHINGTON  GREELEY. 

55 


THOMAS   NELSON   PAGE. 


ONE  of  those  who  have  brought  the  heart  of  the  South  nearer  to 
the  heart  of  the  North,  just  as  have  Joel  Chandler  Harris  and 
George  W.  Cable,  is  Thomas  Nelson  Page.  His  work  is  known 
throughout  the  United  States  and  to  a  certain  extent,  abroad.  He  is 
a  genial  and  gifted  story  writer,  one  who  knows  the  very  pulse  of  a 
region  and  has  reproduced  its  heartbeats  in  his  works.  He  was  bom 
in  Oakland,  Hanover  County,  Va.,  April  23,  1853,  and  grew  to  man- 
hood on  the  family  plantation,  a  part  of  the  original  grant  to  his 
ancestor,  Thomas  Nelson.  He  was  educated  at  Washington  Lee  Uni- 
versity and,  after  graduating,  studied  law  and  subsequently  engaged  in 
its  practice  at  Richmond,  Va.  He  succeeded  in  his  profession,  but 
that  was  not  to  be  his  chief  work.  He  drifted  into  the  way  of  writ- 
ing stories  and  poems  in  the  negro  dialect,  and  one  of  the  stories,  enti- 
tled "  Marse  Chan :  a  Tale  of  the  Civil  War,"  when  published,  in 
1884,  attracted  national  attention.  It  was  followed  by  '' Meh  Lady" 
and  others  in  the  same  vein,  showing  equally  the  keen  perception  and 
sympathy  and  remarkable  gift  of  expression  of  the  writer.  There  was 
but  one  future  for  the  young  lawyer  and  he  has  become  recognized  as 
one  of  the  brilliant  authors  of  the  times.  Among  his  published  books 
are  "In  Ole  Virginia,"  "Two  Little  Confederates,"  and  others  equally 
charming.  He  knows  his  region  and  the  very  heartbeat  of  its  people. 
He  is  industrious,  but  the  world  has  gone  well  with  him,  and  this 
man  who  can  tell  such  delightful  and  educating  stories,  as  none  other 
can  of  the  country  he  knew  in  his  childhood,  is  not  working  as  vig- 
orously as  he  should  just  now.  But  it  is  in  him  and  he  cannot  help 
writing. 

56 


THOMAS  NELSON  PAGE. 

57 


WILLIAM   DEERING. 


A  SINGLE  generation  has  worked  a  complete  revolution  in  agricul- 
ture, a  revolution  that  has  placed  America  where  it  feeds  the 
world.  In  this  revolution  no  name  is  more  prominent  than  that  of 
William  Deering,  the  head  of  the  Deering  Harvester  Works,  at  Qii- 
cago,  one  of  the  largest  manufactories  of  grain  and  grass-cutting  machin- 
ery in  the  world.  Since  his  birth  at  South  Paris,  Me.,  April  25, 
1826,  Mr.  Deering's  whole  life  has  been  one  of  untiring  industry.  He 
received  a  common-school  and  academic  education,  and  early  in  life 
entered  the  South  Paris  woolen  mills,  where  he  was  intrusted  with  the 
management  of  the  business  soon  after  reaching  his  majority.  From 
this  he  naturally  found  his  way  into  the  wholesale  dry  goods  business, 
and,  later  on,  established  one  of  the  leading  dry  goods  commission 
houses  of  New  York  and  Boston,  well  known  as  Deering,  MtUiken  & 
Gd.  As  early  as  1870  Mr.  Deering  became  interested  financially  in 
the  manufacture  of  the  Marsh  harvester,  invented  by  the  Marsh  broth- 
ers in  central  Illinois  in  the  early  sixties,  and  in  1873,  in  order  to 
protect  his  capital  invested  in  this  business,  Mr.  Deering  came  west. 
He  at  once  took  active  hold  of  the  business,  and  by  his  remarkable 
ability  gave  it  an  impetus  that  brought  it  immediately  to  the  forefront. 
He  aided  other  inventors  and  increased  to  their  present  magnitude  the 
greatness  of  the  works  established.  Personally,  Mr.  Deering  is  of  a 
tall  and  powerful  build,  and,  though  sixty-eight  years  old,  is  active, 
and  seems  to  have  lost  not  a  whit  of  his  youthful  alertness  and  vigor. 
He  has  given  extensively  and  widely  to  charities,  and  is  not  merely  a 
financier,  a  bold  and  fearless  manufacturer,  but  a  broad  philanthropist 
and   a   kindly   Christian   gentleman. 

58 


WILLIAM  DEERING. 

59 


CHARLES  ANDERSON  DANA. 


NOT  as  a  journalist,  merely,  but  also  as  a  critic,  historian  and 
politician,  has  greatness  been  achieved  by  Charles  A.  Dana,  edi- 
tor of  the  New  York  "Sun."  His  manifold  ability  and  industry  have 
placed  him  well  in  the  lead  of  the  newspaper  managers  of  today.  Mr. 
Dana  was  born  at  Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  August  8,  J  8 19.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Harvard,  and  in  1842  joined  the  Brook  Farm  Community  in 
its  socialistic  venture.  Two  years  later  he  took  the  management  of 
the  "Harbinger,"  a  weekly  paper  devoted  to  social  reform  and  litera- 
ture, and  in  1847  became  connected  with  the  staff  of  the  New  York 
"Tribune."  He  attained  the  position  of  managing  editor  of  that  paper, 
and  the  development  of  his  genius  for  journalism  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  making  it  the  leading  organ  of  anti-slavery  sentiment 
just  before  the  war,  with  an  extraordinary  influence  and  circulation. 
Leaving  the  "Tribune"  in  April,  1862,  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
government,  and  from  1863  to  1865  was  assistant  Secretary  of  War. 
He  then  became  editor  of  the  Chicago  "Republican,"  which  failed  of 
success.  In  1868  he  organized  the  stock  company  that  now  owns  the 
New  York  "Sun,"  and  for  over  twenty-six  years  has  been  actively 
and  continuously  engaged  in  the  management  of  that  successful  journal. 
Mr.  Dana  collaborated  with  Gen.  James  H.  Wilson  in  writing  a  "Life 
of  Ulysses  S.  Grant."  He  also  edited  "The  Household  Book  of 
Poetry,"  and,  in  connection  with  Rossiter  Johnson,  compiled  "Fifty  Per- 
fect Poems."  As  an  editor,  Mr.  Dana  is  trenchant  and  fearless;  as  a 
critic,  able  and  opinionated;  as  a  politician,  aggressive  and  bitter.  The 
"Sun"  is  conducted  as  an  independent  Democratic  journal,  and  from  a 
literary   standpoint   ranks   high. 


CHARLES  ANDERSON  DANA. 

61 


JULIA  WARD  HOWE. 


PW  names  of  women  are  more  widely  known  than  that  of  Julia 
Ward  Howe,  essayist,  poetess,  philanthropist  and  public  speaker^ 
She  was  born  in  New  York  City,  May  27,  1 8 19,  her  parents  being 
Samuel  Ward  and  Julia  Cuttle  Ward.  Her  ancestors  included  the 
Huguenot  Marions,  of  South  Carolina,  Governor  Sam  Ward,  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  Roger  Williams,  the  apostle  of  religious  tolerance.  Her 
father,  a  banker,  gave  her  every  advantage  of  a  liberal  education. 
She  was  instructed  at  home  by  capable  teachers  in  Greek,  German, 
French  and  music,  and  the  ambitious  and  earnest  girl  improved  her 
opportunities.  In  1843  she  became  the  wife  of  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Howe 
and  went  abroad  for  a  season.  She  had,  when  only  seventeen  years 
of  age,  produced  several  clever  essays  and  reviews,  and  in  J  852  pub- 
lished her  first  volume  of  poems.  A  drama  in  blank  verse,  writtea 
in  J  853,  was  produced  in  both  New  York  and  Boston.  Other  works 
followed,  and  during  the  war  Mrs.  Howe  became  nationally  prominent 
because  of  her  stirring  patriotic  songs.  In  1867  she  visited  Greece 
with  her  husband,  where  they  won  the  gratitude  of  the  people  of  that 
country  because  of  aid  extended  in  the  struggle  for  national  independ- 
ence. In  1868  Mrs.  Howe  first  took  part  in  the  suffrage  movement. 
She  has  since  preached,  written  and  lectured  much,  and,  notwithstand- 
Lig  her  advanced  age,  still  enjoys  a  life  of  almost  ceaseless  activity. 
Among  her  many  works  the  "Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic"  is,  per- 
haps, most  widely  known  and  most  likely  to  remain  a  permanently 
admired  masterpiece  in  American  literature,  but  in  all  she  has  written 
there  has  been  displayed  the  same  earnestness  and  poetic  gift  and  the 
same  finished  scholarship. 

62 


JULIA  WARD  HOWE. 

b3 


ROBERT   COLLYER. 


THE  story  of  that  remarkable  blacksmith,  Elihu  Burritt,  has  a  par- 
allel in  the  early  life  of  Dr.  Robert  CoIIyer,  the  eminent  Unita- 
rian clergyman.  Dr.  CoIIyer  was  born  in  Keighly,  Yorkshire,  England,. 
December  8,  1823.  His  father  was  a  blacksmith,  and  the  son  was 
compelled  to  earn  his  living  in  a  factory.  He  attended  night  school 
for  two  winters,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  apprenticed  to  a 
blacksmith.  In  1850  he  came  to  America  and  worked  at  his  trade  in 
Shoemakerstown,  Perm.,  where  he  remained  nine  years.  Having  become 
a  Methodist  he  preached  the  Gospel  on  Sundays,  and  his  wisdom  and 
glowing  eloquence  soon  raised  him  above  the  shop  into  scholastic  and 
theological  circles.  As  a  result  of  his  studies,  to  which  he  applied 
himself  most  diligently,  his  religious  views  changed  in  the  direction  of 
Unitarianism,  and  after  being  expelled  from  the  Methodist  Conference  he 
became  a  Unitarian  clergyman  and  removed  to  Chicago  to  take  charge 
of  a  mission  among  the  poor.  In  1860  he  organized  Unity  Church,. 
Chicago,  of  which  he  was  the  pastor  until  1879,  when  he  went  to 
New  York  to  assume  charge  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah,  which 
post  he  still  holds.  Dr.  CoIIyer  has  written  several  books,  and  his 
lectures  have  been  widely  popular,  especially  his  favorite  lecture,  "Grit."" 
The  poetic  instinct  is  developed  in  him  to  a  degree  that  makes  all  his 
prose  merely  another  form  of  poetry.  Among  the  best  of  his  published 
poems,  and  one  that  will  live  to  be  read  and  admired  by  future  gen- 
erations, is  a  psalm  of  thanksgiving  written  after  the  great  Chicago  fire 
of  1871.  Dr.  CoIIyer  seems  to  always  look  on  the  sunny  side  of  life,. 
and  his  conversation  is  full  of  entertaining  and  amusing  reminiscences. 
His  personality  is  described  in  the  one  word— lovable. 


ROBERT  COLLYER. 

b5 


CORNELIUS  VANDERBILT. 


IN  the  directory  of  the  financial  world  the  name  that  stands  out  most 
conspicuously  is  Vanderbilt.  The  present  head  of  the  family  of 
that  time,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt,  is  the  eldest  grandson  of  the  famous 
Cornelius  who  amassed  an  enormous  fortune  by  shrewd  business  ven- 
tures, and  whose  genius  as  a  financier  seems  to  have  been  inherited 
by  his  namesake.  Mr.  Vanderbilt  was  born  in  Staten  Island,  N.  Y., 
November  27,  1843.  He  was  educated  in  private  schools,  and  received 
a  thorough  business  training.  From  1867  until  1877  he  was  treasurer 
of  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad  Company,  then  served  as  vice- 
president  until  1886,  and  afterward  as  president  of  that  corporation. 
He  was  made  president  of  the  Canadian  Southern  Railway  in  1883, 
and  after  the  death  of  his  father,  William  H.  Vanderbilt,  in  1885,  he 
became  a  director  in  thirty-four  different  railroad  companies.  He  is  a 
trustee  of  many  of  the  charitable,  religious  and  educational  institutions 
of  New  York  City,  where  he  resides  in  one  of  the  handsomest  private 
residences  in  the  world.  Among  Mr.  Vanderbilt's  benefactions  are  the 
gift  of  a  building  in  New  York  City  for  the  use  of  railroad  employes, 
a  contribution  of  $100,000  for  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Cathedral,  and  a 
collection  of  drawings  by  the  old  masters  and  a  painting  of  the  Horse 
Fair,  by  Rosa  Bonheur,  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art.  Although 
his  wealth  is  estimated  at  over  a  hundred  millions,  Mr.  Vanderbilt 
applies  himself  closely  to  his  business,  and  personally  directs  the  many 
railroad  enterprises  of  which  he  is  the  head.  In  his  everyday  life  he 
is  quiet  but  affable,  free  from  affectation,  and  stands  upon  the  plane  of 
the  thorough-going  business  man.  He  has  undoubtedly  inherited  the 
executive   ability   of   his   grandfather. 

66 


CORNELIUS  VANDERBILT. 

67 


ADLAI  EWING  STEVENSON. 


IN  a  great  measure,  no  doubt,  the  credit  of  swinging  Illinois  into  the 
Democratic  column,  which  was  one  of  the  astonishing  results  of 
the  national  election  in  1892,  belongs  to  Vice-President  Stevenson.  A 
man  of  somewhat  retiring  disposition,  he  had  nevertheless  come  to  be 
recognized  as  a  power  in  his  own  state,  and  was  even  seriously  con- 
sidered for  the  first  place  on  the  presidential  ticket,  although  he  was  a 
Cleveland  man  himself.  Mr.  Stevenson  was  born  in  Christian  County, 
Kentucky,  fifty-nine  years  ago,  and  was  educated  at  Centre  College, 
Danville.  He  afterward  married  the  daughter  of  the  president  of  the 
college.  Dr.  Lewis  Green,  and  removed  to  Bloomington,  III.,  whither 
his  family  had  preceded  him.  There  he  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
the  late  David  Davis,  and  after  practicing  his  profession  in  Metamora 
and  Bloomington  until  1874,  he  was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket.  He  failed  of  re-election  in  1876,  but  was  again  success- 
ful in  J  878.  In  1880  and  1882  he  was  defeated  by  small  majorities. 
In  1885  President  Cleveland  appointed  him  First  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General,  and  he  became  one  of  the  most  popular  officers  of  that  admin- 
istration. He  was  much  talked  of  by  western  Democrats  as  a  presi- 
dential possibility  prior  to  the  campaign  of  1892,  but  the  great  mass 
of  the  party  looked  to  Grover  Cleveland  for  deliverance,  and  Mr.  Ste- 
venson was  accordingly  nominated  for  the  vice-presidency.  Mr.  Steven- 
son has  been  a  successful  lawyer  and  business  man,  and  is  regarded 
in  his  section  as  a  man  of  uncommon  ability  and  strength  of  character. 
He  is  energetic  and  decisive  in  his  actions,  and  while  First  Assistant 
Postmaster-General  he  excited  some  comment  by  removing  many  incum- 
bents from   office. 

68 


ADLAI  EWING  STEVENSON. 

69 


EDMUND  CLARENCE   STEDMAN. 


ENGLAND  had  her  banker-poet,  the  learned  Samuel  Rogers,  and 
America  has  a  celebrity  who  divides  his  attention  between  poetic 
literature  and  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange.  Edmund  Clarence  Sted- 
man  has  unquestionably  taken  a  permanent  place  in  the  foremost  rank 
of  American  poets.  He  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  October  8,  J  833, 
and  while  attending  Yale  College  in  1851  his  poem  of  "Westminster 
Abbey,"  published  in  the  "Yale  Literary  Magazine,"  received  a  first 
prize.  He  became  editor  of  the  Norwich  "Tribune"  in  1852,  and  of 
the  Winsted  "Herald"  in  1854,  and  two  years  later  went  to  New 
York  City,  where  for  many  years  he  contributed  to  the  leading  period- 
icals. Some  of  his  poems  became  so  popular  that  he  collected  and 
issued  them  under  the  title  of  "Poems,  Lyric  and  Idyllic."  After  a 
hard  struggle  for  a  competence  he  joined  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New 
York  "World"  in  1860,  and  was  war  correspondent  until  1863.  He 
then  purchased  a  seat  in  the  Stock  Exchange  and  became  a  broker, 
continuing  his  literary  work  during  his  leisure  hours.  From  time  to 
time  he  issued  volumes  of  his  selected  poems,  including  "Alice  of  Mon- 
mouth," "The  Blameless  Prince,"  "Poetical  Works,"  etc.  In  1874, 
with  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich,  he  edited  "  Cameos,"  selected  from  the 
works  of  Walter  Savage  Landor,  and  the  poems  of  Austin  Dobson. 
About  1875  Mr.  Stedman  began  to  devote  his  attention  to  critical  writ- 
ing, and  subsequently  produced  "Victorian  Poets"  and  "Poets  of  Amer- 
ican Literature."  He  has  since  compiled  and  edited  the  "Library  of 
American  Literature,"  in  ten  volumes,  besides  issuing  several  additional 
books  of  his  own  works.  His  poems  delivered  on  public  occasions 
have  always  attracted  attention  by  their  excellence. 


EDMUND  CLARENCE  STEDMAN. 


SAMUEL  LANGHORNE  CLEMENS. 


BESIDES  being  the  prince  of  American  humorists,  and  one  of  the 
most  fascinating  story  tellers  in  the  world,  Samuel  L.  Clemens, 
better  known  as  "Mark  Twain,"  has  established  for  himself  a  high 
reputation  as  a  man  of  letters.  The  story  of  his  life  is  an  interesting 
one.  Born  in  Florida,  Monroe  County,  Mo.,  November  30,  1835,  he 
was  apprenticed  to  a  printer  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  and  worked  at  his 
trade  in  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  Philadelphia  and  New  York.  In  185  J 
he  became  a  pilot  on  the  Mississippi  River  steamboats.  In  J  86 1  he 
went  to  Nevada  where,  in  the  following  year,  he  became  editor  of  the 
Virginia  City  "Enterprise,"  and  first  used  the  nom  de  plume  that  after- 
ward became  famous.  He  went  to  San  Francisco  in  1865,  and  was 
for  five  months  a  reporter  for  the  "  Morning  Call."  After  an  unsuc- 
cessful venture  at  gold  mining  he  went  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  in 
J  866,  returning  six  months  later  to  deliver  humorous  lectures.  He 
then  went  East,  and  published  "The  Jumping  Frog  and  Other  Sketches." 
In  1867  he  went  abroad  with  a  party  of  tourists,  and  on  his  return 
published  "Innocents  Abroad."  He  next  edited  the  Buffalo  "Express." 
After  his  marriage  he  settled  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  afterward  lectured  extensively  in  this  country  and  in  Eu- 
rope, and  in  1872  wrote  "Roughing  It."  Then  came  "The  Gilded 
Age,"  written  in  conjunction  with  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  and  later 
"Tom  Sawyer,"  "A  Tramp  Abroad,"  "The  Stolen  White  Elephant," 
"The  Prince  and  the  Pauper,"  "Huckleberry  Finn,"  "Pudd'n-Head 
Wilson,"  and  other  volumes.  In  1884  he  established  in  New  York 
the  publishing  house  of  C.  L.  Webster  &  Co.,  which  failed  in  1894. 
Mr.  Clemens'   works  have  been  translated  into  several  languages. 


SAMUEL  LANGHORNE  CLEMENS. 


CHARLES  HENRY  PARKHURST. 


PERHAPS  nothing  else  in  recent  years  has  done  so  much  to  create 
a  sentiment  against  the  New  York  organization  known  as  Tam- 
many Hall,  as  the  persistent  and  vigorous  onslaughts  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Charles  H.  Parkhurst,  who,  in  his  capacity  as  president  of  the  Society 
for  the  Prevention  of  Crime,  undertook  to  demonstrate  and  to  break  up 
the  system  of  paid  police  protection  under  which,  he  declared,  all  kinds 
of  vice,  disorder  and  criminal  immorality  had  abnormally  flourished  in 
that  city.  Dr.  Parkhurst  was  born  in  Framingham,  Mass.,  April  17, 
1842,  and  was  graduated  at  Amherst  in  J  866.  He  studied  theology 
at  Halle  in  1869,  and  at  Leipsic  in  1872  and  1873,  during  the  inter- 
vals of  which  studies  he  was  principal  of  the  High  School  in  Amherst, 
and  professor  of  Williston  Seminary  at  Easthampton,  Mass.  From 
1874  to  J  880  he  was  pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  at  Lenox, 
Mass.,  and  was  then  called  to  the  Madison  Square  Presbyterian  Church, 
New  York  City,  where  he  has  since  remained.  Dr.  Parkhurst  has 
contributed  to  various  magazines,  and  has  published  several  volumes, 
including  "The  Forms  of  the  Latin  Verb,  Illustrated  by  Sanskrit," 
"The  Blind  Man's  Creed,  and  Other  Sermons"  and  "Pattern  in  the 
Mount,  and  Other  Sermons."  In  1893  he  began  a  personal  investiga- 
tion of  the  social  evil  in  New  York,  which  resulted  in  his  subsequent 
crusade  against  the  alleged  corrupt  organization  controlling  the  police 
department  of  that  city.  Such  sustained  energy,  such  high  courage  in 
the  face  of  criticism  and  opposition,  and  such  unswerving  persistence  as 
Dr.  Parkhurst  has  shown  in  this  undertaking  are  not  often  witnessed. 
Physically,  the  doctor  is  a  small  man,  but  morally  and  intellectually  he 
is  a  giant. 

74 


By  Permission  of  Surony. 


CHARLES  HENRY  PARKHURST. 


SUSAN  BROWNELL  ANTHONY. 


THERE  is  something  that  compels  admiration  in  the  fearless,  per- 
sistent and  self-sacrificing  devotion  with  which  that  famous 
reformer,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  has  labored  for  half  a  century  in  the 
cause  to  which  she  early  dedicated  her  life.  While  one  may  not 
always  recogni2e  the  wisdom  of  her  course,  there  can  be  no  doubt  of 
her  sincerity  and"  heroism.  Miss  Anthony  was  born  at  South  Adams, 
Mass.,  February  15,  1820.  Her  father  was  a  Quaker.  He  settled  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  1546,  where  his  daughter,  after  teaching  school 
for  a  number  of  years,  participated  in  the  temperance  movement,  organ- 
izing societies  and  lecturing  throughout  the  state.  About  1857  she 
became  prominent  among  the  agitators  for  the  abolition  of  slavery. 
Her  energies,  however,  were  chiefly  directed  to  securing  equal  civil 
rights  for  women.  In  1854  and  1855  she  held  conventions  in  the 
cause  of  female  suffrage  in  every  county  in  New  York,  and  since  then 
has  addressed  annual  appeals  and  petitions  to  the  Legislature.  She  was 
active  in  securing  the  act  of  the  New  York  Legislature  in  I860,  giv- 
ing to  married  women  possession  of  their  earnings  and  the  guardian- 
ship of  children.  In  the  same  year  she  started  a  petition  in  favor  of 
leaving  out  the  word  "male"  in  the  fourteenth  amendment  to  the 
United  States  Constitution,  and  worked  with  the  National  Suffrage 
Association  to  induce  Congress  to  secure  to  her  sex  the  right  to  vote. 
Between  1870  and  1880  she  lectured  more  than  a  hundred  times  a 
year  in  all  of  the  Northern  and  some  of  the  Southern  States.  She 
is  the  author  of  "  The  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,"  in  two  volumes, 
in  which  she  was  assisted  by  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  and  Matilda 
Joslyn   Gage. 


SUSAN  BROWNELL  ANTHONY. 

77 


CARL  SCHURZ. 


BY  virtue  of  his  intellectual  power  and  oratorical  ability  the  same 
sentiments  that  made  Carl  Schurz  a  revolutionist  and  a  fugitive 
in  his  own  country  placed  him  on  a  high  pedestal  as  a  patriot  and 
statesman  in  America.  He  was  born  in  Liblar,  near  Cologne,  Prussia, 
March  2,  1828,  and  educated  at  Bonn.  As  adjutant  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary army  in  1849  he  took  part  in  the  defense  of  Rastadt,  and 
upo.i  the  surrender  of  that  fortress  escaped  to  Switzerland.  For  a 
time  he  was  a  newspaper  correspondent  in  Paris,  and  afterward  a 
teacher  in  London,  but  in  1852  he  came  to  the  United  States,  eventu- 
ally settling  in  Watertown,  Wis.,  where  in  1856  he  began  making 
speeches  in  German  for  the  Republican  party.  In  the  following  year 
he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor  of  Wisconsin, 
and  soon  afterward  he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Milwaukee.  His 
first  speech  in  the  English  language,  delivered  in  1858,  was  widely 
published,  and  he  became  a  power  in  Republican  conventions  and  can- 
vasses. President  Lincoln  appointed  him  Minister  to  Spain,  but  he 
resigned  in  December,  1861,  to  enter  the  Union  army,  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  major-general.  After  the 
war  he  became  the  Washington  correspondent  of  the  New  York 
"Tribune,"  but  in  the  summer  of  1866  he  removed  to  Detroit,  where 
he  founded  the  "Post."  In  1867  he  became  editor  of  the  "Westliche 
Post,"  of  St.  Louis,  and  in  1869  was  chosen  United  States  senator 
from  Missouri.  He  supported  Greeley  in  1872  and  Hayes  in  1876, 
and  the  latter  appointed  him  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Upon  retiring 
from  that  office  he  became  editor  of  the  New  York  "Evening  Post," 
which   position   he   held   until    1884. 

78 


CARL  SCHURZ. 

79 


ANNIE  JENNESS   MILLER. 


SOME  years  ago  a  young  and  beautiful  woman,  highly  cultured, 
began  to  expound  with  unquestionable  taste  and  good  judgment 
the  principle  of  correct  and  artistic  dressing.  Her  name  is  now  a 
synonym  for  dress  reform.  Mrs.  Annie  lenness  Miller  is  a  native  of 
New  Hampshire,  where  she  was  born  January  28,  1859.  She  was 
educated  in  Boston,  and  before  her  marriage  won  considerable  fame  in 
Massachusetts  as  a  woman  of  letters.  Subsequently  she  took  up  the 
question  that  has  given  her  fame  in  another  direction,  and  she  is  now 
the  most  prominent  and  popular  of  all  the  leaders  in  the  movement 
for  reform  in  the  matter  of  woman's  dress.  She  has  lectured  in  all 
the  leading  cities  of  the  United  States  to  crowded  houses,  and  wherever 
she  goes  is  always  warmly  received.  She  is  one  of  the  owners  of  a 
magazine  published  in  New  York,  which  is  devoted  to  the  aesthetics 
of  physical  development  and  artistic  designs  for  dresses,  and  contains 
articles  by  the  best  writers  on  all  topics  of  interest  to  women.  Mrs. 
Miller's  intelligence,  taste  and  influence  are  widely  acknowledged.  She 
is  the  author  of  "Physical  Beauty"  and  "Mother  and  Babe,"  the  lat- 
ter a  work  which  furnishes  information  and  patterns  upon  improved 
plans  for  the  mother's  and  baby's  wardrobes.  She  is  a  finished  writer, 
and  skillful  in  the  elucidation  of  her  subjects.  All  the  progressive  and 
reformatory  movements  of  the  day  appeal  to  her  and  have  her  sym- 
pathy and  support.  Her  ultimate  hope  is  to  establish  at  the  National 
Capitol  an  institution  for  physical  development  and  the  highest  art  of 
self-culture,  which  shall  be  under  the  control  of  able  students  of  anat- 
omy, chemistry,  and  physical  science.  With  this  end  in  view,  Mrs. 
Miller   now   makes   Washington   her   home. 

.  80 


ANNIE  JENNESS  MILLER. 


BENJAMIN  HARRISON. 


FROM  the  humble  station  of  a  farmer's  son  to  the  exalted  position 
of  President  of  the  United  States,  describes  in  brief  the  career  of 
Benjamin  Harrison.  He  is  the  grandson  of  a  president,  General  Wil- 
liam Henry  Harrison,  and  was  born  in  his  grandfather's  house  at  North 
Beni,  Ohio,  August  20,  1833.  He  was  graduated  at  Miami  Univer- 
sity, studied  law  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  1854  removed  to  Indianapolis, 
which  city  has  since  been  his  home.  Entering  the  war  in  1862  as 
a  second  lieutenant  in  an  Indiana  regiment,  he  soon  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  colonel,  and  in  January,  J  865,  was  brevetted  brigadier-general. 
After  the  war  he  resumed  his  former  office  as  reporter  of  the  Supreme 
court  at  Indianapolis.  In  1876  he  ran  for  governor  of  his  state,  but 
was  defeated  by  a  small  majority  by  "Blue  Jeans"  Williams,  the 
Democratic  candidate.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Indiana  delegation  at 
the  National  Convention  held  in  Chicago  in  1880,  when  General  Gar- 
field was  nominated  for  the  presidency.  In  that  year  General  Harri- 
son was  chosen  United  States  senator,  which  office  he  held  until  March 
3,  1887.  At  the  National  Republican  Convention  held  in  Chicago  in 
1888,  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for  the  presidency,  and  subse- 
quently elected.  He  was  a  candidate  for  re-election  in  1892,  but  was 
buried  under  the  Democratic  "landslide"  of  that  year.  Among  his 
personal  characteristics  it  may  be  said  that  ex-President  Harrison,  as 
an  impromptu  public  speaker,  has  demonstrated  a  gift  of  eloquence  that 
is  pointed  and  forcible.  He  has  a  faculty  for  seizing  promptly  upon 
a  subject,  ready-equipped  and  without  loss  of  time,  and  presenting  it 
clearly  and  concisely.  He  is  an  American  of  whom  all  are  proud, 
regardless  of  political  affiliations. 


BENJAMIN  HARRISON. 


WILLIAM   DEAN   HOWELLS. 


T  TNDOUBTEDLY  the  leading  novelist  and  exponent  of  literature  as 
\»J  an  art  in  the  United  States  is  the  gifted  author  of  "The  Rise 
of  Silas  Lapham,"  "  The  Lady  of  the  Aroostook/'  "  A  Woman's  Rea- 
son," and  many  other  popular  stories  of  the  realistic  school.  William 
Dean  Howells  was  born  at  Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio,  in  1837.  His  ances- 
tors on  the  father's  side  were  Welsh  Quakers,  and  in  all  the  genera- 
tions, from  the  great-grandfather  down,  the  family  lived  in  an  atmos- 
phere of  books  and  moral  and  literary  refinement.  Howells  learned 
the  printer's  trade  in  the  office  of  his  father,  who  conducted  a  weekly 
paper  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  became  the 
news  editor  of  the  Columbus  "  State  Journal."  He  wrote  a  life  of 
Lincoln  after  the  latter's  nomination  in  I860,  and  the  President  after- 
ward appointed  him  Consul  to  Venice,  where  he  resided  from  1 86 1  to 
J  865.  Returning  to  America,  he  engaged  in  literary  pursuits,  and  in 
J 871  became  editor  of  the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  a  position  which  he 
held  until  1880,  when  he  relinquished  it  to  devote  himself  exclusively 
to  writing.  In  1886  he  made  a  salaried  connection  with  "Harper's 
Magazine,"  and  created  the  department  known  as  "The  Editor's 
Study."  During  recent  years,  however,  he  has  done  but  little  editorial 
work.  As  a  man  of  letters  Mr.  Howells  is  regarded  by  many  as 
far  in  advance  of  any  other  writer  of  the  present  day.  In  addition 
to  his  novels  he  has  written  many  poems,  biographies,  criticisms  and 
sketches  of  travel  in  foreign  countries.  During  his  residence  in  Venice 
he  mastered  the  Italian  language  and  studied  the  literature  of  the  coun- 
try. Mr.  Howells  is  recognized  as  the  leader  of  the  realistic  school 
of  literature. 


WILLIAM  DEAN  HOWELLS. 


FRANCES  HODGSON  BURNETT. 


HAD  she  never  written  anything  but  "Little  Lord  Fauntleroy"  and 
"That  Lass  o'  Lowrie's,"  Frances  Hodgson  Burnett  would  have 
become  widely  known  in  literature.  She  was  born  in  Manchester, 
England,  November  24,  1849.  She  lived  in  Manchester  and  became 
familiar  with  the  characteristics  of  the  people  of  the  Lancashire  coal 
district,  a  fact  v/hich  is  shown  repeatedly  in  her  works.  Trouble 
came  to  the  family,  the  father  died  and  the  mother  and  children  came 
to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  afterward  in 
Newmarket,  in  the  same  state.  There  were  two  sons  and  three 
daughters,  and  they  worked  very  faithfully  to  secure  the  necessary 
income  for  the  family.  Frances  had  an  idea  that  she  might  possibly 
earn  something  by  writing  for  the  magazines,  and  made  the  attempt. 
In  1872  she  contributed  to  "Scribner's  Magazine"  an  article  entitled 
"  Surly  Tim's  Trouble,"  which  was  a  success.  The  next  year  she 
married  Dr.  Luan  M.  Burnett,  of  Knoxville,  but  continued  her  literary 
work.  There  were  other  works  and  then  came  what  is  possibly  her 
greatest  success,  "Little  Lord  Fauntleroy,"  which  first  appeared  as  a 
serial  in  "St.  Nicholas,"  and  was  subsequently  published  in  book  form, 
both  in  the  United  States  and  England.  Mrs.  Burnett  has  become 
famous  on  two  continents.  The  more  prominent  of  her  published 
works  are:  "Kathleen  Mavourneen,"  "Lindsay's  Luck,"  "Miss  Cres- 
pigny,"  "Pretty  Polly  Pemberton,"  "Theo,"  "Haworth's,"  "Louisiana," 
"A  Fair  Barbarian,"  "Through  One  Administration,"  "Sara  Crew," 
"Editha's  Burglar,"  "Little  St.  Elizabeth,"  and  other  stories.  Upon 
"  That  Lass  o'  Lowrie's,"  though,  and  "  Little  Lord  Fauntleroy "  rests 
chiefly   her   reputation. 


FRANCES  HODGSON  BURNETT. 

87 


WILLIAM  RALLS  MORRISON. 


INTIMATELY  associated  with  much  of  the  important  Congressional 
legislation  of  a  decade  ago,  and  particularly  with  the  fight  for  tariff 
reform  that  was  waged  by  a  wing  of  the  Democratic  party  in  that 
body,  IS  the  name  of  Col.  William  R.  Morrison,  of  Illinois,  the  pres- 
ent chairman  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  Colonel  Morri- 
son was  born  in  Monroe  County,  III.,  September  14,  1825.  After 
receiving  an  education  at  McKendree  College,  he  served  as  a  private 
in  the  Mexican  war,  and  subsequently  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  was  clerk  of  Monroe  County  from  J  852  to  1856, 
served  in  the  Legislature  for  the  next  three  years,  and  in  1861  entered 
the  army  as  colonel  of  the  Forty-ninth  Illinois  Regiment,  and  was 
wounded  at  Fort  Donelson.  While  in  command  of  his  regiment  in 
the  field  he  was  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Democrat,  and  served  from 
1863  to  1865,  but  was  defeated  for  the  Thirty-ninth  and  Fortieth  Con- 
gresses. He  was  again  chosen  in  1872,  and  served  continuously  until 
1887.  Colonel  Morrison  was  the  father  of  the  tariff  reform  measure 
known  as  the  "horizontal"  bill,  and  did  good  work  on  many  impor- 
tant committees.  In  March,  1887,  President  Cleveland  appointed  him 
a  member  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  for  five  years.  At 
the  end  of  that  period  he  was  reappointed,  and  upon  the  retirement  of 
Judge  Thomas  M.  Cooley  he  became  chairman  of  the  commission,  a 
post  which  he  has  since  filled  most  acceptably.  Colonel  Morrison's 
reputation  is  that  of  a  good  lawyer,  a  brave  soldier,  a  shrewd  politi- 
cian, and  an  earnest,  aggressive  legislator.  He  is  a  man  of  rugged 
constitution,  and  is  as  active  and  vigorous  as  when  he  first  entered 
public   life. 


WILLIAM  RALLS  MORRISON. 


JAMES   WHITCOMB   RILEY. 


PRACTICALLY  alone  in  his  occupation  of  a  most  interesting  field 
of  literature,  James  Whitcomb  Riley  has  become  justly  famous  as 
the  "Hoosier  Poet  of  America."  His  incomparable  dialect  verse  pre- 
sents to  us  many  vivid  character  studies  and  pen-pictures  of  western 
farm  life,  permeated  with  the  perfume  of  old-fashioned  roses,  the  bab- 
bling of  brooks,  the  whistle  of  the  "Bob  White"  and  robin,  and  all 
the  objects,  sounds  and  expressions  familiar  to  those  who  have  lived  in 
the  country.  Mr.  Riley  was  born  in  Greenfield,  Ind.,  in  1852.  As 
a  boy  he  traveled  much  with  his  father,  who  was  an  attorney,  and 
at  an  early  age  he  left  school  to  adopt  the  calling  of  a  wandering 
sign  writer.  For  some  time  he  performed  in  a  theatrical  troupe,  and 
became  proficient  in  recasting  plays  and  improvising  songs.  About 
?875  he  began  to  contribute  to  the  Indianapolis  papers  verses  in  the 
Hoosier  dialect,  using  the  pen-name,  "Benjamin  F.  Johnson  of  Boone." 
He  exhibited  his  imitative  powers  by  writing  a  piece  called  "Leonainie," 
which  many  literary  critics  were  deluded  into  accepting  as  a  poem  of 
Edgar  Allen  Poe.  He  finally  accepted  an  engagement  with  the  Indian- 
apolis "  Journal,"  and  in  that  paper,  and  latterly  in  the  magazines, 
published  numerous  dialect  and  serious  poems.  He  has  issued  a  num- 
ber of  volumes,  including  "The  Old  Swimmin'  Hole,"  " Afterwhiles," 
"  Neighborly  Poems,"  "  Pipes  o*  Pan,"  "  Green  Fields  and  Running 
Brooks,"  "Rhymes  of  Childhood,"  "The  Flying  Islands  of  the  Night," 
and  others.  As  a  public  reader  from  his  own  works,  Mr.  Riley  has 
been  very  successful.  Indeed,  if  he  were  not  a  writer  he  might  win 
as  brilliant  a  reputation  as  an  actor  as  he  now  enjoys  in  a  literary 
capacity. 

90 


JAMES  WHITCOMB  RILEY. 


MARY  ASHTON   RICE  LIVERMORE. 


MARY  ASHTON  RICE  LIVERMORE  is  a  woman  of  very  ear- 
nest purpose,  of  wide  information,  and  of  decided  force  of  char- 
acter. She  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  December  19,  1821.  She  is  of 
Welsh  descent,  and  her  father  was  an  active  fighter  in  the  navy  in  the 
war  of  1812.  Her  mother  was  a  descendant  of  a  well-known  English  fam- 
ily. The  girl  received  a  thorough  education  in  the  Boston  public  schools, 
then  graduated  at  a  female  seminary  at  Charleston,  Mass.,  and  acquired, 
in  addition  to  what  an  ordinary  girl  would  get,  a  thorough  classical 
education.  She  was  then  engaged  as  a  teacher  to  go  to  Virginia,  and 
among  her  duties  was  the  teaching  of  a  lot  of  slaves  attached  to  a 
plantation.  She  came  back  a  pronounced  abolitionist.  She  taught  in 
a  private  school  near  Boston  on  her  return,  but  had  acquired  the  gift 
of  talking  in  public  and  utilized  that  power  for  talking  against  slavery 
and  the  slave  trade.  In  1845  she  had  become  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  E. 
P.  Livermore,  a  Universalist  minister,  and,  their  tastes  and  aims  being 
similar,  they  worked  together  happily  and  effectively.  In  1857  the 
couple  removed  to  Chicago,  where  Mrs.  Livermore  assisted  her  husband 
in  the  publication  of  the  Universalist  organ  for  the  Mississippi  valley. 
She  was  earnest  in  all  that  pertained  to  assisting  the  Union  troops 
during  the  war,  and  made  a  most  creditable  record,  which  was  widely 
recognized.  Since  the  war  Mrs.  Livermore  has  been  best  known  as 
associated  with  the  woman  suffrage  movement  in  the  United  States. 
She  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  works,  among  which  may  be  men- 
tioned "What  Shall  We  Do  With  Our  Daughters?"  and  a  number  of 
articles  in  the  "Arena,"  the  " Chautauquan,"  the  "Christian  Advocate," 
and  "  Women's  Journal." 


i 

it 

lipir — liWMK 

^  w 

M^   1 

■^9' 

:{ I^^H^v 

•I^dlr^^      1 

1 

MARY  ASHTON  RICE  LIVERMORE. 

93 


CHARLES   FREDERICK  CRISP. 


POSSESSING  in  an  unusual  degree  the  quick  mental  grasp,  the 
accurate  judgment,  the  confident  self-control,  the  promptness  and 
firmness  of  decision,  and  the  practical  training  which  are  among  the 
essential  qualifications  of  the  successful  parliamentarian,  Mr.  Crisp,  as 
Speaker,  became  a  power  in  the  National  House  of  Representatives.  Mr. 
Crisp  was  born  in  Sheffield,  England,  where  his  parents  were  on  a 
visit,  January  29,  1845.  He  received  a  common-school  education  in 
Savannah  and  Macon,  Ga.,  and  in  1861  entered  the  Confederate  Army 
as  a  lieutenant.  He  was  a  prisoner  of  war  from  May,  1864,  until 
June,  1865.  After  his  release  he  studied  law,  and  practiced  first  at 
Ellavillc  and  afterward  at  Americus,  Ga.,  which  is  now  his  home.  In 
1872  he  was  appointed  solicitor-general  of  the  Southwestern  Judicial 
Circuit,  and  held  that  office  until  the  middle  of  J  877,  when  he  became 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  same  circuit.  He  resigned  from 
the  bench  in  September,  1882,  to  accept  the  Democratic  nomination  for 
Congress.  He  was  permanent  president  of  the  Democratic  Convention 
which  assembled  in  Atlanta  in  April,  1883,  to  nominate  a  candidate 
for  governor.  Mr.  Crisp  was  elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  and 
is  now  serving  his  sixth  successive  term  in  that  body.  He  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House  for  the  Fifty-second  Congress,  and  was  re-elected 
for  the  Fifty-third.  In  that  position  he  added  greatly  to  his  popu- 
larity and  influence  in  the  House,  and  even  his  political  opponents 
agree  that  his  rulings  and  decisions  have  at  all  times  shown  careful 
consideration,  unbiased  by  prejudice.  He  was  succeeded  in  office  by 
Thomas  B.  Reed,  of  Maine,  who  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House, 
for   the   Fifty-fourth   Congress,   in    1895. 


CHARLES  FREDERICK  CRISP. 


MARY   MAPES   DODGE. 


PW  authors  have  possessed  so  happy  a  knack  of  combining  enter- 
tainment with  instruction  in  writing  for  the  young,  or  of  making 
the  present  moment  both  enjoyable  and  profitable  for  readers  of  any 
age,  as  Mary  Mapes  Dodge,  the  talented  editor  of  ''St.  Nicholas." 
Mrs.  Dodge  is  a  native  of  New  York  City,  where  she  was  born  Jan- 
uary 26,  1838,  and  is  the  daughter  of  Prof.  James  J.  Mapes,  the  dis- 
tinguished promoter  of  scientific  farming  in  the  United  States.  She 
was  educated  by  private  tutors,  and  early  evinced  a  talent  for  literary 
composition,  as  well  as  for  music,  drawing  and  modeling.  At  an 
early  age  she  was  married  to  William  Dodge,  a  lawyer  of  New  York, 
and  it  was  after  his  death  that  she  turned  to  literature  as  a  means  to 
earn  the  money  to  educate  her  two  sons.  She  wrote  principally  short 
sketches  for  children,  a  volume  of  which  was  published  in  1864  under 
the  name  of  "  Irvington  Stories."  During  the  following  year  she  pub- 
lished "Hans  Brinker,  or  the  Silver  Skates."  With  Donald  G.  Mitchell 
and  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  she  was  one  of  the  earliest  editors  of 
"Hearth  and  Home,"  conducting  for  several  years  the  household  and 
children's  department  of  that  journal.  In  1873,  when  the  children's 
magazine,  "St.  Nicholas,"  was  started,  she  became  its  editor,  and  still 
holds  that  position.  Mrs.  Dodge's  story,  "Hans  Brinker,"  has  been 
translated  into  Dutch,  French,  German,  Russian  and  Italian,  and  was 
awarded  a  prize  of  fifteen  hundred  francs  by  the  French  Academy. 
She  has  published  a  number  of  other  volumes,  both  of  prose  and 
poetry,  and  contributes  to  the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  "Harper's  Maga- 
zine," "Century,"  and  other  periodicals.  She  has  a  pleasant  home  in 
New  York,   which   is   a   literary   center. 


MARY  MAPES  DODGE. 


WADE  HAMPTON. 


PHYSICAL  and  mental  vigor,  unflinching  courage  in  the  face  of 
opposition  and  love  for  truth  and  justice  are  dominant  character- 
istics of  that  great  southern  leader,  Senator  Wade  Hampton,  of  South 
Carolina.  Born  in  Columbia,  S.  C,  March  28,  18 i8,  Mr.  Hampton  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  South  Carolina  and  afterwarJ  studied 
lav,  but  with  no  intention  of  practicing.  In  early  life  he  served  in 
the  legislature  of  his  state,  as  a  national  Democrat,  and,  although  a 
slave-holder,  he  had  little  affiliation  with  secession  sentiments.  His 
speech  against  the  reopening  of  the  slave  trade  was  pronounced  by  the 
New  York  "  Tribune "  '*  a  masterpiece  of  logic  directed  by  the  noblest 
sentiments  of  the  Christian  and  patriot."  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil 
war  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service  as  a  private,  but  soon  raised 
a  command  which  was  known  as  "Hampton's  Legion,"  and  won  dis- 
tinction in  many  engagements.  He  was  several  times  wounded,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant-general  in  1864.  After  the  war  he  at 
once  engaged  in  cotton  planting,  but  was  not  successful.  In  1876  he 
was  nominated  for  governor  of  South  Carolina  against  Daniel  H. 
Chamberlain.  Each  claimed  to  be  elected  and  two  governments  were 
organized,  but  Chamberlain  finally  yielded  his  claims,  and  General 
Hampton  served  two  years  as  governor.  In  1878  he  met  with  an 
accident  by  which  he  lost  a  leg,  but,  while  his  recovery  was  in  doubt, 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  in  which  body  he  served 
until  1891.  In  the  Senate  his  course  was  that  of  a  conservative 
Democrat.  He  advocated  a  sound  currency,  resisting  all  inflation,  and 
generally  acted  in  concert  with  Thomas  A.  Bayard,  whose  aspirations 
for   the   presidency   he   supported. 


WADE  HAMPTON. 

99 


BRONSON  HOWARD. 


STRONGLY  equipped  in  the  possession  of  a  keen  dramatic  sense 
and  a  full  knowledge  of  the  art  of  the  playwright,  it  is  not 
to  be  wondered  at  that  Bronson  Howard's  success  has  been  greater 
than  that  of  almost  any  other  American  dramatist  now  living.  Indeed,  it 
may  be  said  that  at  the  present  time  he  is  easily  the  leading  exponent 
of  that  particular  school  of  dramatic  literature  in  which  he  has  been 
engaged  for  nearly  twenty-five  years.  Mr.  Howard  was  born  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  October  7,  1842.  His  education  was  begun  in  the 
public  schools  and  finished  in  the  New  Haven  Collegiate  and  Commer- 
cial Institute,  after  which,  having  developed  a  taste  for  writing,  he 
adopted  the  profession  of  journalism.  During  his  newspaper  experience, 
which  extended  over  a  number  of  years,  the  work  of  the  dramatic 
critic  was  especially  attractive  to  him,  and  he  finally  decided  to  write 
a  play.  His  first  successful  drama  was  "Saratoga,"  which  was  pro- 
duced in  New  York  in  1870,  and  was  so  well  received  that  it  was 
brought  out  in  London  in  1874.  His  next  was  ''Diamonds,"  produced 
in  1872,  and  this  was  followed  by  "Hurricanes"  in  1878.  In  the 
latter  year  also  appeared  "  The  Banker's  Daughter,"  one  of  the  best 
and  most  successful  of  Mr.  Howard's  plays.  His  other  dramas  have 
all  been  given  a  cordial  reception  by  the  theater-going  public,  among 
the  most  popular  of  them  being  "Wives,"  "Young  Mrs.  Winthrop," 
"One  of  Our  Girls,"  "Met  by  Chance,"  "The  Henrietta,"  "Shenan- 
doah," and  "Aristocracy."  Mr.  Howard  is  particularly  happy  in  the 
invention  of  plots  and  dramatic  situations,  and  his  judgment  is  never  at 
fault  in  the  devising  of  scenes  intended  to  work  upon  the  emotions  of 
an  audience. 

100 


BRONSON  HOWARD 

lOI 


STANLEY    WATERLOO. 


IT  seems  to  have  been  the  lot  of  Stanley  Waterloo  to  first  thor- 
oughly arouse  in  Great  Britain  an  interest  in  the  literature  of  the 
region  west  of  the  AUeghanies  in  the  United  States.  His  books  have 
become  as  popular  abroad  as  at  home.  Mr.  Waterloo's  early  life  was 
spent  on  his  father's  farm,  in  St.  Clair  County,  Michigan,  where  he 
was  born  May  21,  J  846.  He  chose  a  military  career,  and  was 
appointed  to  West  Point,  but  the  accidental  injury  of  one  of  his  eyes 
debarred  him  from  admission  to  the  academy.  After  a  course  at  the 
University  of  Michigan  he  went  to  Chicago  and  studied  law,  but 
instead  of  practicing  that  profession,  drifted  into  journalism.  He  was 
connected  at  different  times  with  the  Chicago  "Tribune"  and  the  Chi- 
cago "Times,"  and  afterward  went  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  did  edito- 
rial work  on  several  of  the  daily  newspapers,  and  became  prominent 
in  politics.  Subsequently  he  returned  to  the  Chicago  "Tribune,"  and 
still  later  took  charge  of  the  Chicago  "Mail,"  the  circulation  of  which 
he  largely  increased.  He  was  also  editor  of  the  Washington  "Critic" 
for  a  time,  but  of  late  he  has  devoted  himself  principally  to  literary 
work.  In  addition  to  many  magazine  articles  and  poems,  he  has  pub- 
lished two  novels,  "A  Man  and  a  Woman,"  now  in  its  ninth  edi- 
tion, and  "An  Odd  Situation,"  a  deeply  interesting  study  of  reciproc- 
ity between  Canada  and  the  United  States.  Both  books  are  remark- 
able for  their  originality  and  power,  and  display  the  author's  familiarity 
with  woodcraft,  farm  life,  natural  history,  and  the  political  and  economic 
questions  of  the  day.  Mr.  Waterloo  has  been  twice  president  of  the 
Press  Club,  of  Chicago,  and  is  an  active  figure  in  the  journalistic  and 
political   affairs   of   his   city. 

.tQ2 


STANLEY  WATERLOO. 
103 


MATTHEW   STANLEY   QUAY. 


IT  is  generally  admitted  that  the  manager  of  the  National  Republican 
campaign  in  the  year  when  Harrison  was  elected  to  the  Presidency 
is  quite  capable  of  taking  care  of  himself  in  the  world.  Very  few 
shrewder  politicians  exist,  even  in  a  nation  of  politicians,  than  Matthew 
Stanley  Quay,  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  born  in  Dillsburgh,  York 
County,  Pa.,  September  30,  1833.  He  graduated  from  Jefferson  Col- 
lege in  Pennsylvania  in  1850,  and  began  the  study  of  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Pittsburg  in  1854.  In  1856  he  was  elected 
prothonotary  of  Beaver  County  and  was  re-elected  in  1859.  In  1861 
he  resigned  his  office  to  become  a  lieutenant  in  the  Tenth  Pennsyl- 
vania reserves,  then  became  assistant  commissary  of  the  state,  later  pri- 
vate secretary  of  Governor  Curtin,  and,  in  1862,  colonel  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  He  was  compelled 
by  impaired  health  to  leave  the  army,  but  participated  as  a  volunteer 
in  the  assault  made  on  Mary's  Heights  after  he  resigned  his  command. 
In  1865  Mr.  Quay  was  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  and 
served  until  1867,  when  he  established  and  edited  the  Beaver  "Radi- 
cal." He  served  as  secretary  of  the  commonwealth,  which  office  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  appointment  of  recorder  of  Philadelphia,  but 
returned  to  the  former  position,  retaining  it  until  1882.  He  became 
chairman  of  the  Republican  National  committee  in  1888,  and  conducted 
the  campaign  which  resulted  in  the  election  of  Harrison  and  Morton. 
In  1885  occurred  his  election  as  state  treasurer  of  Pennsylvania  by  the 
largest  vote  ever  given  a  candidate  for  that  office.  In  1887  he  was 
elected  United  States  senator  for  the  term  ending  in  1893  and  was 
re-elected  at  the  expiration  of  that  time. 


MATTHEW  STANLEY  QUAY- 

105 


THOMAS  BAILEY  ALDRICH. 


AS  the  nattily  clever,  as  the  graceful,  the  thorough,  the  adaptable 
and  capable  dealer  with  words  and  imaginations,  and  with  an 
absolute  genius,  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich  stands,  admittedly,  at  the  head 
of  American  writers  who  presume  to  be  ranked  in  the  class  thus  des- 
ignated. He  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  November  JI,  1836, 
and  prepared  for  college,  but  the  death  of  his  father  changed  family 
plans,  and  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  New  York  City. 
He  acquired  a  good  education  of  his  own  impulse,  and  in  the  early 
fifties  began  contributions  to  the  magazines.  He  did  charming  work 
for  ''Putnam's  Magazine,"  the  "New  York  Evening  Mirror,"  and  for 
the  "Home  Journal,"  in  days  when  those  wonderful  men,  N.  P.  Willis 
and  William  Morris,  gave  to  the  publication  a  national  reputation. 
From  1870  to  1874  he  was  editor  of  "Every  Saturday"  in  Boston, 
and  since  that  date  has  devoted  himself  to  the  writing  and  publication 
of  his  works  and  to  editorial  duties.  His  poetry  includes  "Babie  Bell," 
"The  Dells,"  "The  Course  of  True  Love  Never  Did  Run  Smooth," 
"Pampinea  and  Other  Poems,"  "Flower  and  Thorn;"  later  poems, 
"Friar  Jerome's  Beautiful  Book,"  and  an  edition  de  luxe  of  "Lyrics 
and  Sonnets."  Among  his  prose  works  are  "Story  of  a  Bad  Boy," 
"Marjory  Daw  and  Other  People,"  "Prudence  Palfry,"  "The  Queen 
of  Sheba,"  "The  Stillwater  Tragedy,"  "From  Ponkapog  to  Pesth," 
"Mercedes,"  and  very  many  translations  of  magazine  articles  and  sto- 
ries. He  is  one  of  the  most  knowing,  the  most  thoughtful,  delicate, 
and  daintiest  of  writers.  To  have  written  "Marjory  Daw"  alone,  that 
quaint,  sweet  and  adroit  piece  of  work,  would  stamp  a  man  as  a 
genius. 

106 


THOMAS  BAILEY  ALDRICH. 

;07 


LYMAN  ABBOTT. 


DISTINGUISHED  as  a  clergyman,  and  as  a  successor  of  Henry 
Ward  Beecher  in  the  pulpit  of  the  famous  Plymouth  Church, 
Rev.  Lyman  Abbott  is  also  well  known  as  an  author,  literary  critic 
and  journalist.  The  third  son  of  Jacob  Abbott;  he  was  born  in  Rox- 
bur  ,  Mass.,  December  18,  J  835,  and  graduated  at  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York  in  1853.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  J  856,  but  soon  abandoned  law  for  theology,  which  he  stud- 
ied with  his  uncle.  Rev.  John  S.  C.  Abbott,  the  author.  He  entered 
the  ministry  in  1860,  his  first  pastoral  charge  being  a  Congregational 
church  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  where  he  remained  until  J  865.  He  then 
became  secretary  of  the  American  Union  (Freedmen's)  Commission,  which 
office  called  him  to  New  York  and  occupied  him  until  J  868.  In  the 
meantime  he  was  also  pastor  of  the  New  England  Church  of  that  city, 
but  resigned  in  1869  to  devote  himself  to  literature  and  journalism. 
In  conjunction  with  his  brothers  he  wrote  two  novels,  and  for  several 
years  edited  the  "Literary  Record"  of  "Harper's  Magazine,"  at  the 
same  time  conducting  the  "Illustrated  Christian  Weekly."  He  was 
afterward  associated  with  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher  in  the  editorship 
of  the  "Christian  Union,"  and  upon  Mr.  Beecher's  retirement  became 
editor-in-chief.  Mr.  Abbott  has  written  a  number  of  books  of  devotion 
and  Biblical  history,  a  "  Life  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher,"  and  has  edited 
Mr.  Beecher's  sermons  and  lectures,  in  addition  to  his  many  contribu- 
tions to  periodical  literature.  In  January,  1889,  he  received  a  call  to 
the  pastorate  of  Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn,  so  many  years  identified 
with  Mr.  Beecher's  labors,  and  has  continued  to  fill  that  post  to  the 
present   time. 


LYMAN  ABBOTT. 
109 


CHARLES  KENDALL  ADAMS. 


AMONG  the  great  eaucators  of  the  present  day  Charles  Kendall 
Adams,  late  president  of  Cornell  University  and  now  president 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  occupies  a  high  rank.  He  was  born 
at  Derby,  Vt.,  January  24,  1835.  In  the  fall  of  1855  he  moved  to 
Iowa,  where  he  prepared  for  college  in  the  Denmark  Academy,  Iowa. 
He  entered  the  University  of  Michigan  in  the  fall  of  1857,  where,  after 
graduation  course  of  study,  he  took  the  Master's  degree  in  1862,  and 
immediately  thereafter  was  appointed  instructor  in  Latin  and  history,  in. 
1863  assistant  professor,  and  in  1867  professor  with  the  privilege  of 
spending  a  year  and  a  half  in  Europe.  After  hard  study  abroad  he 
returned  and  soon  became  a  prominent  figure  in  university  affairs.  In 
1885  he  was  called  to  the  presidency  of  Cornell  University,  a  position 
which  he  occupied  until  the  summer  of  1892.  During  the  seven  years 
of  his  incumbency  of  that  position  the  number  of  students  was  increased 
from  five  hundred  and  sixty  to  more  than  fifteen  hundred,  and  the 
endowment  of  the  university  was  increased  by  nearly  two  million  dol- 
lars. In  1892  President  Adams  resigned  the  presidency  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, with  the  purpose  of  devoting  his  life  henceforth  to  the  writing 
of  history,  but  in  1893  accepted  the  call  to  the  presidency  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin.  He  is  the  author  of  many  important  works. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred  upon  President  Adams 
by  Harvard  University  in  1886.  He  is  a  member  of  many  learned 
societies,  and  in  1890  was  president  of  the  American  Historical  Associ- 
ation, and  has  earned  a  high  place  among  the  great  thinkers,  educators 
and  historians  as  a  scholar  of  rare  attainments  and  a  writer  of  won- 
derful  power   and   depth. 


CHARLES  KENDALL  ADAMS, 
in 


JAMES   BURRILL   ANGELL. 


TO  the  performance  of  the  duties  connected  with  his  responsible 
office,  the  president  of  the  University  of  Michigan  brings  a  vig- 
orous and  impressive  personality,  distinguished  alike  for  moral  and  intel- 
lectual parts.  James  Burrill  Angell  v/as  born  in  Scituate,  R.  I.,  Janu- 
ary 7,  1829,  and  is  a  lineal  descendant  from  Thomas  Angell,  who. 
was  one  of  the  original  settlers  with  Roger  Williams  of  the  Providence 
plantations.  Mr.  Angell  was  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1849» 
and,  after  a  period  of  travel  and  study  in  Europe,  was  appointed,  in 
1853,  professor  of  modern  languages  and  literature  in  that  college.  In 
1860  he  accepted  the  editorship  of  the  Providence  "Daily  Journal,"' 
which  place  he  occupied  until  1866,  when  he  was  called  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  University  of  Vermont.  In  1 87 1  he  became  president  of 
the  University  of  Michigan,  an  office  he  has  since  continued  to  fill, 
except  during  the  years  1880  and  1881,  which  he  spent  in  China  as 
United  States  Minister,  appointed  by  President  Hayes,  and  also  as 
chairman  of  a  special  commission  appointed  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with 
China.  This  commission  procured  a  treaty  on  commercial  matters,  and 
also  one  on  Chinese  immigration.  In  1887  Mr.  Angell  was  appointed 
by  President  Cleveland  a  member  of  the  commission,  with  Hon.  Thomas 
F.  Bayard  and  Hon.  W.  L.  Putnam,  to  settle  by  treaty  with  the 
British  commissioners  the  fisheries  difficulties  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of 
Canada.  President  Angell  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  reviews  and 
magazines,  is  a  member  of  various  educational  societies,  and  in  1893 
was  elected  president  of  the  American  Historical  Association.  He 
received  from  Brown  University  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  President 
Angell   ranks   high   as   an   educator. 


w 

1' 

^ 

:^  ~ffk^       m^m 

f 

F  A 

ill 

.;,^  ^^^^^^^ 

A 

li^ 

T'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H' 

'  ■\^i^idi^l^H^!ij'''''^'""'- ' 


JAMES  BURRILL  ANGELL. 

153 


RUSSELL  SAGE. 


WHATEVER  genius  a  man  may  have  in  certain  directions  could 
not  be  developed  in  some  countries  as  in  the  United  States. 
A  great  astronomer  or  great  inventor  might  make  himself  heard  of  in 
the  Republic  of  Andorra,  or  in  Guatemala,  but  such  distinction  could 
scaxely  come  to  the  man  in  either  country  whose  gift  might  be  only 
the  faculty  of  doing  well  on  a  stock  exchange.  But  Russell  Sage, 
those  who  know  him  best  say,  would  have  become  prominent  as  a 
financier  wherever  he  might  have  been  placed.  In  Patagonia  he  would 
have  done  well  in  hides.  He  is  almost  the  representative  man  of  a 
large  and  potent  class  of  business  men  in  this  country,  not  the  daring 
speculator—though  on  occasion  bold  enough — not  the  great  administrator 
of  huge  enterprises,  nor  the  originator  of  ventures  in  new  fields,  but  a 
man  of  the  old  New  England  stock  who  lives  long  and  builds 
shrewdly.  Born  in  Oneida  County,  New  York,  August  4,  18 J6. 
Mr.  Sage  has  been  all  his  life  a  business  man  and  for  a  very  long 
time  a  prominent  figure  in  Wall  street.  He  is  unique  in  his  methods. 
It  is  not  known  that  he  ever  manipulated  a  "corner,"  and,  though  he 
was  once  famous  for  his  "  puts  and  calls,"  it  is  said  that  he  has  cur- 
tailed even  that  branch  of  his  business  since  one  notable  day  in  June, 
1884,  when  he  was  reported  to  have  lost  $7,000,000.  He  is  a  man 
who  realizes  the  present  value  of  money.  He  loans  money  to  banks 
and  corporations  and  is  a  director  in  many  things.  He  has  strong 
friendships,  and  cried  like  a  child  when  Jay  Gould  died.  Nearly  eighty 
years  of  age,  he  is  active  almost  as  a  boy  and  constant  at  business. 
Though  he  dresses  plainly  he  is  a  gallant  of  the  old  school,  a  court- 
eous man,  and  has  a  keen  appreciation  of  what  is  clever. 

154 


■1,     ,'A                                                                                        4 

!:■                        ■:■ 

f 

1                                                                                                 i 

RUSSELL  SAGE. 
115 


WILLIAM   VINCENT   ALLEN. 


THE  junior  senator  from  Nebraska  has  become  widely  known  of 
late  as  one  not  afraid  to  assert  himself  at  any  time,  since  he 
did  not  hesitate  in  the  Upper  House  of  Congress  to  support,  in  a 
degree,  the  unpopular  cause  of  the  Coxeyites  nor  to  assist  in  the 
defense  of  the  leaders  in  that  movement  when  they  were  arrested. 
William  Vincent  Allen  was  born  in  Midway,  Madison  County,  Ohio, 
January  28,  1847,  and  removed  with  his  step-father's  family  to  Iowa 
in  1857.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Iowa,  and 
later  attended  for  a  time  the  Upper  Iowa  University  at  Fayette.  He 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Thirty-second  Iowa  volunteers,  and  at  the 
close  of  his  service  in  the  army  was  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  J.  T.  Gil- 
bert. He  then  began  the  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1869.  In  1884  he  removed  from  Iowa  to  Nebraska,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  work  of  his  profession  most  successfully,  and  in  the 
fall  of  J  89 1  was  elected  judge  of  the  district  court  of  the  Ninth  judi- 
cial circuit  of  Nebraska.  In  1893  he  was  elected  United  States  sena- 
tor to  succeed  Algernon  S.  Paddock.  His  term  of  service  will  expire 
in  1899,  so  that  there  still  remain  some  years  for  further  advocacy  of 
what  Senator  Allen  holds  to  be  the  people's  cause.  He  is  resolute  in 
his  course  when  it  is  once  decided  upon,  and  is  earnest  and  vigorous 
in  debate.  His  attitude  in  favor  of  the  various  reform  movements  has 
made  him  popular,  and  he  is  looked  upon  as  a  political  possibility  of 
more  than  ordinary  dimensions.  He  is  recognized  as  having  at  least 
the  courage  of  his  convictions,  a  quality  the  American  elector  seems  to 
recognize  more  and  more  of  late  as  a  necessary  quality  in  one  sent 
either   to   make   laws,   to   interpret   them,   or   to   execute   them. 

JI6 


I 


WILLIAM  VINCENT  ALLEN. 


WILLIAM   TAYLOR   ADAMS. 


THOUSANDS  of  middle-aged  men  of  today  hold  in  loving  remem- 
brance the  name  of  "Oliver  Optic;"  a  name  that  was  associ- 
ated with  their  boyhood's  pleasures  quite  as  intimately  as  was  that  of 
Santa  Claus  himself.  And  "Oliver  Optic"  is  still  living,  and  is  the 
patron  saint  of  the  children  today,  just  as  he  was  a  generation  ago. 
His  real  name  is  William  Taylor  Adams,  and  his  hom.e  is  in  Boston. 
Mr.  Adams  was  born  in  Medway,  Mass.,  July  30,  1822.  He  was 
for  twenty  years  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston,  fourteen 
years  a  member  of  the  school  committee  of  Dorchester,  and  one  year 
a  member  of  the  legislature.  He  has  devoted  most  of  his  life  to  writ- 
ing for  young  people,  with  whom  he  has  a  warm  sympathy.  His 
literary  career  began  in  1850,  and  he  has  produced  over  a  thousand 
stories  in  newspapers,  exclusive  of  his  books.  In  early  life  he  edited 
the  "Student  and  Schoolmate,"  and  in  1881  "Our  Little  Ones,"  but 
he  is  best  known  as  an  editor  through  "Oliver  Optic's  Magazine  for 
Boys  and  Girls."  His  published  works,  issued  mainly  in  series  of 
several  volumes  each,  include  "In-Doors  and  Out,"  "Riverdale,"  "The 
Boat  Club,"  "Woodville,"  "Young  America  Abroad,"  "Army  and 
Navy,"  "  Starry  Flag,"  "  Onward  and  Upward,"  "  Yacht  Club,"  "  Great 
Western,"  etc.  In  fact,  he  has  published  about  a  hundred  volumes  in 
all,  and  the  strangest  thing  about  it  is,  that  he  is  still  writing.  The 
fountain  from  which  he  draws  seems  to  be  inexhaustible,  and  his  latest 
stories  are  as  fresh  and  absorbingly  interesting  as  his  first.  No  writer 
ever  exerted  a  greater  or  more  wholesome  influence  on  the  minds  and 
hearts  of  the  young  folks.  Mr.  Adams  often  says  that  he  never  quite 
got   over   being   a   boy   himself. 

ns 


WILLIAM  TAYLOR  ADAMS. 

119 


PHILIP  D.   ARMOUR. 


ILLUSTRATING  as  he  does  the  unflagging  energy  and  enterprise 
that  have  made  Chicago  the  most  wonderful  city,  in  some  respects, 
in  the  world,  as  well  as  the  philanthropic  spirit  that  has  given  it  a 
reputation  for  munificence,  Philip  D.  Armour  is  a  representative  citizen 
of  the  western  metropolis  and  a  typical  American.  Born  in  Stock- 
bridge  N.  Y.,  May  16,  1832,  Mr.  Armour  was  educated  in  the  dis- 
trict school.  In  1851  he  left  home  and  went  to  California  to  seek  his 
fortune.  He  returned  in  1856  without  having  accomplished  his  pur- 
pose, and  soon  thereafter  embarked  in  the  commission  business  in  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.  In  1863  he  formed  a  partnership  with  John  Planking- 
ton,  of  Milwaukee,  in  the  packing  business,  and  that  arrangement  was 
the  beginning  of  the  immense  enterprises  in  which  Mr.  Armour  has 
since  been  engaged,  and  which  has  made  his  name  known  all  over 
the  world.  The  Chicago  establishment  of  P.  D.  Armour  &  Co.  was 
founded  in  1868,  and  there  are  now  extensive  branch  houses  in  New 
York  and  Kansas  City.  All  in  all,  the  packing-houses  in  which  Mr. 
Armour  and  his  brothers  are  interested,  form  one  of  the  most  gigantic 
enterprises  in  the  country.  He  gives  his  business  his  personal  super- 
vision, and  has  a  wonderful  capacity  for  work.  The  Armour  Mission, 
founded  by  his  brother  but  cherished  and  substantially  endowed  by 
himself,  receives  his  attention  every  Sunday.  Mr.  Armour's  latest 
magnificent  present  to  the  city  of  Chicago— the  Armour  Institute,  fully 
endowed  is  of  comparatively  recent  occurrence,  and  is  numbered  among 
the  most  princely  gifts  of  the  century  on  the  part  of  a  private  citizen. 
He  is  a  philanthropist  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  giving  not  only 
of   his   money   but   of   his   time   and   labor  to  the   cause   of   charity. 


120 


PHILIP  D.  ARMOUR. 
I2J 


THOMAS  FRANCIS  BAYARD. 


IT  fell  to  the  lot  of  a  Democrat  of  the  old  school  to  first  bear  the 
title  of  American  Ambassador  to  the  Court  of  St.  James.  Presi- 
dent Cleveland  was  the  first  executive  to  confer  this  diplomatic  rank 
upon  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  the  appointment  was  given  to 
Thomas  F.  Bayard,  of  Delaware.  Mr.  Bayard  comes  of  a  family  of 
statesmen.  He  was  born  in  Wilmington,  Del,  October  29,  J  828,  and 
at  an  early  age  entered  mercantile  life,  which  he  soon  abandoned  for 
the  study  of  law.  In  1851  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  two 
years  later  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Delaware, 
but  resigned  that  office  in  1854.  In  1869  he  succeeded  his  father  as 
United  States  senator,  and  at  once  became  a  prominent  figure  in  that 
body.  He  was  re-elected  in  1875,  and  again  in  1881,  retaining  his 
seat  in  the  Senate  until  March,  1885,  when  he  entered  Mr.  Cleveland's 
Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  State.  Mr.  Bayard  has  several  times  been 
proposed  as  a  presidential  candidate,  but  the  recollection  of  a  famous 
speech  delivered  by  him  at  Dover,  Del.,  in  the  early  part  of  1861,  in 
which  his  language  was  construed  to  express  Southern  sentiments,  mil- 
itated against  his  chances  of  election.  Nevertheless,  at  the  Democratic 
National  Convention  at  Cincinnati,  in  1880,  he  received  one  hundred 
and  fifty-three  and  one-half  votes  on  the  first  ballot,  and  in  the  con- 
vention of  1884  he  was  Mr,  Cleveland's  principal  competitor  for  the 
nomination.  After  his  retirement  from  the  office  of  Secretary  of  State, 
in  1889,  Mr.  Bayard  held  no  public  office  until  his  appointment  as 
Ambassador  to  the  Court  of  St.  James,  in  1893.  He  is  a  man  of 
imposing  presence,  a  power  in  debate,  and  during  his  career  in  the 
Senate   he   was  the   recognized   leader   of    the    Democrats. 

122 


THOMAS  FRANQS  BAYARD. 

J23 


ALEXANDER   GRAHAM   BELL. 


OUT  of  a  long  and  careful  study  of  vocal  physiology,  prosecuted 
with  a  view  of  improving  the  methods  of  instructing  deaf-mutes, 
was  developed  the  telephone,  which  has  made  the  name  of  its  inventor 
famous.  Prof.  A.  Graham  Bell  is  a  son  of  the  Scotch  educator,  Alex- 
ander Melville  Bell.  He  was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  March  3, 
J  847,  and  was  educated  at  the  Edinburgh  high  school  and  Edinburgh 
University,  receiving  special  training  in  his  father's  system  for  removing 
impediments  in  speech.  He  entered  the  University  at  London  in  1867, 
and  in  1870  emigrated  with  his  father  to  Canada.  In  1872  he  took 
up  his  residence  in  the  United  States,  introducing  with  success  his 
father's  system  of  deaf-mute  instruction  and  becoming  professor  of  vocal 
physiology  in  Boston  University.  He  had  been  interested  for  many 
years  in  the  transmission  of  sound  by  electricity,  and  had  devised  many 
forms  of  apparatus  for  the  purpose,  but  his  first  public  exhibition  of 
the  telephone  was  in  Philadelphia  in  1876.  Its  complete  success  has 
made  him  wealthy.  His  invention  of  the  "  photophone,"  in  which  a 
vibratory  gleam  of  light  is  substituted  for  a  wire  in  conveying  speech, 
has  also  attracted  much  attention,  but  has  never  been  practically  used. 
Professor  Bell  has  put  forth  the  theory  that  the  present  system  of  edu- 
cating deaf-mutes  is  wrong,  as  it  tends  to  restrict  them  to  one  another's 
society,  so  that  marriages  between  the  deaf  are  common,  and  therefore 
the  number  of  deaf-mute  children  born  is  on  the  increase.  He  is  a 
member  of  various  learned  societies,  and  has  published  many  scientific 
papers  setting  forth  his  theories  and  the  results  of  his  experiments. 
He  has  lived  for  some  time  in  Washington,  D.  C.  Prof.  Bell  is  thor- 
oughly  devoted   to   the   cause   of   science. 

J24 


ALEXANDER  GRAHAM  BELL 
J25 


EDWARD   BELLAMY. 


UTOPIAN  dreams  of  perfected  socialism  have  not  been  few  dur- 
ing the  nineteenth  century,  but  of  all  the  schemes  that  have 
been  proposed  for  the  reorganization  of  society,  none  has  attracted  so 
much  attention  or  received  such  serious  consideration,  because  of  its 
apparent  practicability,  as  that  embodied  in  Edward  Bellamy's  remark- 
able story,  "Looking  Backward."  Mr.  Bellamy  is  a  writer  of  marked 
ability.  He  was  born  in  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.,  in  1850,  and  was 
educated  at  Union  College  and  in  Germany.  He  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  but  never  practiced  that  profession,  as  he  preferred 
a  literary  life.  During  1871  and  1872  he  was  on  the  staff  of  the 
New  York  "Evening  Post,"  and  for  the  five  years  following  was  an 
editorial  writer  and  critic  for  the  Springfield  "Union."  His  health 
failing  him,  he  made  a  voyage  to  the  Sandv.Hch  Islands  in  1876,  and 
upon  his  return  in  1877  became  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Springfield 
"News."  After  two  years  more  of  journalism  he  abandoned  it  to 
devote  himself  entirely  to  literature.  In  addition  to  his  many  contribu- 
tions to  the  magazines,  he  has  published  "  Six  to  One :  a  Nantucket 
Idyl;"  "Dr.  Heidenhoff's  Process,"  and  "Miss  Ludington's  Sister." 
His  greatest  success,  however,  has  been  in  his  socialistic  novel,  "  Look- 
ing Backward,"  published  in  1888,  of  which  more  than  three  hundred 
thousand  copies  were  sold  in  America  within  two  years  of  its  first 
appearance.  Mr.  Bellamy  still  resides  at  Chicopee  Falls,  and  interests 
himself  in  advancing  the  ideas  of  nationalism  advocated  in  his  book. 
He  is  thoroughly  in  earnest  in  his  beliefs,  and  is  known  as  a  profound 
thinker,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  clever  and  vigorous  writers  of  the 
age. 


EDWARD  BELLAMY. 

J  27 


ANDREW   ELLICOTT   KENNEDY   BENHAM. 


A  NAME  that  but  a  short  time  ago  was  on  every  tongue,  in  con- 
nection with  a  magnificent  display  of  firmness  and  aggression  in 
protecting  American  interests  in  a  foreign  harbor,  is  that  of  Admiral 
A.  E.  K.  Benham,  late  commanding  the  North  Atlantic  squadron.  In 
firing  ipon  the  Brazilian  insurgents,  who  attempted  to  enforce  a  blockade 
in  the  harbor  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  January  30,  1894,  and  thus  interfere 
with  American  commerce,  this  brave  naval  officer  won  the  applause 
of  the  world.  Admiral  Benham  was  born  on  Staten  Island,  N.  Y., 
April  10,  1832.  He  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  November  24, 
1847,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant  September  16,  1855,  having 
done  several  years'  service  on  the  "  St.  Mary's,"  in  the  Pacific  squad- 
ron. He  was  attached  to  the  "Crusader,"  on  the  Home  station,  in 
1860  and  1861,  and  when  the  Civil  war  began  was  made  executive 
officer  of  the  "  Bienville,"  on  the  South  Atlantic  blockade,  where  he 
participated  in  the  capture  of  Port  Royal,  S.  C,  and  in  1863  served 
on  the  "  Sacramento."  He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant  commander  in 
1863,  and  commanded  the  "Penobscot"  in  the  Western  Gulf  blockading 
squadron  until  the  close  of  the  war  in  1865.  After  that  he  served  at 
various  stations,  being  promoted  to  commander  in  1866,  to  captain  in 
1875,  and  to  commodore  in  1885.  Later  he  attained  the  rank  of  rear 
admiral,  and  was  commanding  the  North  Atlantic  squadron  at  the  time 
of  the  Rio  bay  incident,  when  he  gave  the  insurgents  and  the  whole 
world  to  understand  that  the  American  flag  would  be  protected.  Ad- 
miral Benham  was  retired  from  the  service  in  the  spring  of  1894,  hav- 
ing served  his  allotted  forty-five  years,  and  he  took  with  him  into  his 
retirement   the   grateful   appreciation   of  the   Nation  for   his   efficient   work. 

128 


y^^^ 


ANDREW  ELLICOTT  KENNEDY  BENHAM. 
129 


WILSON  SHANNON  BISSELL. 


THE  man  who  acted  as  chief  groomsman  when  President  Cleve- 
land was  married  afterward  became  Postmaster-General  in  the 
President's  Cabinet.  W.  S.  Bissell  was  bom  in  Rome,  Oneida  County, 
N.  Y.,  December  31,  1847,  but  since  1853  has  been  a  resident  of 
Buffalo.  After  receiving  a  preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools 
he  took  a  two  years'  course  in  Hopkins*  Grammar  School  at  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  and  then  entered  Yale  College,  where  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  1869.  He  studied  law  in  Buffalo,  and  in  1872  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Lyman  K.  Bass  for  the  practice  of  his  profession.  At 
the  beginning  of  1874  Grover  Cleveland  became  a  member  of  the  firm, 
which  was  then  known  as  Bass,  Cleveland  &  Bissell.  Mr.  Bass  with- 
drew, but  the  other  parties  retained  their  association  until  Mr.  Cleve- 
land went  to  Albany  to  assume  the  duties  of  governor  of  the  state, 
and  subsequently  resumed  their  partnership.  A  few  years  after  the 
marriage  of  his  law  partner,  then  President  of  the  United  States,  Mr. 
Bissell  followed  his  example,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Qeveland  were  the 
honored  guests  of  the  occasion.  Mr.  Bissell  has  been  an  active  Dem- 
ocrat all  his  life,  but  has  always  refused  to  be  a  candidate  for  office, 
except  for  elector-at-large  in  1884.  He  was  earnestly  solicited  by  Mr. 
Cleveland  early  in  1885  to  take  a  high  official  position,  but  declined, 
and  his  acceptance  of  a  place  in  the  Cabinet  in  1893  was  a  great 
financial  sacrifice.  His  fitness  for  the  place  was  demonstrated  as  soon 
as  he  had  taken  charge  of  the  office,  and  his  services  gave  him  a 
high  reputation  as  a  public  official,  but  he  was  compelled  to  resign 
and  return  to  his  law  practice  in  Buffalo,  where  he  has  the  reputation 
of   being   a   wise   and   able   counsellor. 

130 


.  ^-  ^ 

Jlj 

^ 

^^^^^^^^^^A        -#^^^n^^ 

T" 

WILSON  SHANNON  BISSELL. 

131 


JOSEPH   CLAY   STYLES   BLACKBURN. 


THE  name  of  Blackburn  has  become  familiar  throughout  the  United 
States  as  representing  Kentucky  pluck  and  vigor  and  statesman- 
ship, and  it  is  largely  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch  that  the  prominence 
of  the  name  is  due.  Joseph  C.  S.  Blackburn  was  born  in  Woodford 
County,  Kentucky,  October  I,  1838.  He  attended  the  common  schools, 
receiving  private  instruction  as  well,  then  took  a  course  of  study  at 
Sayres  Institute,  and  finally  graduated  from  Centre  College,  at  Danville. 
He  entered  at  once  upon  a  course  of  legal  study  at  Lexington,  Ky., 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858,  being  then  only  twenty  years 
of  age.  He  looked  upon  Chicago,  111.,  as  a  promising  field,  removed 
to  that  city  at  once,  and  practiced  successfully  until  the  beginning  of 
the  Civil  war.  His  sympathies  were  naturally  with  the  South,  and 
he  returned  to  Kentucky  and  entered  the  Confederate  army,  in  which 
he  served  with  distinction.  The  war  over,  he  returned  to  his  native 
state  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession,  making  his  home 
eventually  in  Versailles.  He  was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  legislature 
in  1871,  and  became  conspicuous  in  that  body.  He  was  re-elected, 
and  in  1875  was  elected  to  Congress,  in  the  Lower  House  of  which 
he  served  continuously  until  1884,  when  the  legislature  of  his  state 
elected  him  to  the  United  States  Senate.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term 
in  1891  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate,  for  the  term  expiring  in  1897. 
The  same  energy  and  force  of  character  which  made  him  a  promising 
lawyer  before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  which  led  him  into  the 
army  and  allowed  no  circumstances  to  deter  him  from  his  course,  have 
made  Senator  Blackburn  a  capable  and  earnest  law-maker.  He  is  a 
man   of   recognized   force. 

J32 


JOSEPH  CLAY  STYLES  BLACXBURN. 


RICHARD  PARKS   BLAND. 


FOM  the  outset  of  his  public  career  Congressman  Bland,  of  Mis- 
souri, has  been  the  champion  of  cheap  and  plentiful  money  in 
every  form,  and  for  many  years  has  been  the  recognized  leader  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  free  silver  wing.  Mr.  Bland  is  essen- 
tially a  self-made  man.  He  was  born  near  Hartford,  Ohio  County, 
Kentucky,  August  19,  1835.  Orphaned  at  an  early  age,  he  worked 
during  the  summer  months  in  order  to  obtain  means  with  which  to 
attend  school  in  the  winter,  and  thus  acquired  an  academic  education. 
He  then  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1855  he 
removed  to  Missouri,  and  then  to  California.  Subsequently  he  settled 
in  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  where  he  became  interested  in  mining  opera- 
tions. Returning  to  Missouri  in  1865,  he  eventually  drifted  to  Lebanon, 
in  that  state,  and  while  practicing  law  there  was  elected  to  Congress 
as  a  Democrat  in  1873.  He  has  since  been  regularly  re-elected.  He 
introduced  in  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  the  well-known  "Bland  Bill," 
which  provided  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  should  purchase  suffi- 
cient bullion  to  coin  the  minimum  amount  of  $2,000,000  a  month  in 
silver  dollars  of  412' 2  grains  each,  and  that  these  dollars  should  be 
legal  tender.  He  also  introduced  in  the  Fifty-third  Congress  the 
"Seigniorage  Bill,"  which  was  passed  by  the  House,  but  vetoed  by 
the  President.  Whatever  else  may  be  said  of  Mr.  Bland's  legislative 
career,  it  is  certain  that  he  reflects  faithfully  the  wishes  and  the  opin- 
ions of  his  constituents.  Personally  he  has  his  cause  much  at  heart, 
believing  firmly  in  silver  and  conceiving  himself  to  be  the  champion  of 
the  debtor  class  and  a  crusader  against  a  wicked  conspiracy  of  the 
bankers  and  the   "gold   bugs." 


RICPiARD  PARKS  BLAND. 

J  35 


JEAN   BLEWETT. 


THROUGH  many  charming  poems  and  dainty  pen-pictures,  which 
somehow  never  fai!  to  enlist  the  deepest  interest  and  sympathy 
of  the  reader,  the  name  of  Jean  Blewett  has  become  well  and  favor- 
ably known  in  connection  with  the  literature  of  Canada  and  the  United 
States,  and  is  constantly  acquiring  a  wider  recognition.  She  was  born 
in  a  country  place  near  Rondeau  Bay,  Ontario,  Canada,  November  4, 
1864.  Her  parents  were  John  and  Janet  McKishney,  of  Argyleshire, 
Scotland,  and  much  of  her  youth  was  spent  with  her  Scotch  grandpar- 
ents. She  received  a  liberal  education,  and  early  manifested  the  imag- 
inative faculty  which  caused  her  to  be  regarded  as  an  indolent  dreamer. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  she  wrote  a  book  of  prose,  which,  though 
showing  the  amateur,  displayed  much  strength  and  originality,  and  gave 
promise  of  the  better  things  that  were  soon  to  follow.  She  has  since 
been  a  contributor  to  some  of  the  leading  magazines  of  Canada  and 
the  United  States,  and  her  poems,  etchings  and  life-sketches  have  found 
their  way  to  the  hearts  of  thousands  of  readers  in  both  countries.  A 
keen  observation  and  the  faculty  of  describing  what  she  sees  in  lan- 
guage that  flows  naturally  from  a  poetic  soul,  give  her  the  rare  power 
of  making  the  reader  see,  hear  and  feel  with  her,  while  the  senses  are 
gratified  with  the  music  that  accompanies  the  revelation.  Her  religious 
verse  is  characterized  by  strength  and  breadth,  and  has  called  forth 
widely  favorable  comment,  while  her  short  stories  show  remarkable 
originality  and  power.  Mrs.  Blewett  was  married  when  quite  young 
to  Bassett  Blewett,  an  Englishman,  and  now  resides  in  a  pleasant  home, 
living  a  quiet  life  with  her  husband  and  two  children,  at  Blenheim, 
Ontario. 

136 


JEAN  BLEWETT. 

137 


HORACE   BOIES. 


WHATEVER  may  have  been  the  other  conditions  which  aided 
the  Democrats  in  wresting  Iowa  from  the  strong  grasp  of  the 
Republicans  in  1889,  there  is  no  doubt  that  their  success  was  largely- 
due  to  the  strength  and  popularity  of  their  candidate  for  governor. 
The  choice  of  Horace  Boies  to  lead  the  fight  against  prohibition  legis- 
lation in  that  campaign  was  a  fortunate  one.  Mr.  Boies  was  born  on 
a  farm  near  Buffalo,  Erie  County,  N.  Y.,  in  J  827,  and  until  he  was 
sixteen  years  of  age  was  a  hard-working  assistant  to  his  father  in 
clearing  the  timber  land  of  the  farm.  He  went  West  at  seventeen, 
but  after  working  for  a  time  on  a  Wisconsin  farm  he  returned  to 
New  York,  took  an  academic  course,  and  studied  law.  In  1852  he 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Buffalo,  and  in  a  few  years  had 
established  an  excellent  reputation  as  a  criminal  lawyer.  Mr.  Boies 
removed  to  Waterloo,  Iowa,  in  1867,  and  there  practiced  in  partnership 
with  H.  B.  Allen  for  several  years.  He  was  afterward  associated 
with  C.  F.  Couch  until  that  gentleman  retired  to  become  a  district 
judge,  in  1884.  Mr.  Boies  continued  to  add  to  his  reputation  and 
influence  year  after  year,  and,  being  a  stanch  Democrat,  he  naturally 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  party  managers  in  the  state.  They  made 
him  their  candidate  for  governor  in  1889,  and  he  led  them  to  victory. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1891,  but  was  defeated  for  a  third  term  by  F. 
D.  Jackson,  though  the  excellence  of  his  administration  was  universally 
admitted.  Mr.  Boies  was  the  choice  of  the  Iowa  and  several  other 
state  delegations  for  the  Presidency  in  the  Democratic  National  Conven- 
tion of  1892.  He  is  extremely  popular  in  his  state,  and  a  prime  factor 
in   all  political   movements. 


HORACE  BOIES. 

J39 


ROBERT   BONNER. 


TO  many  thousands  of  readers  a  peculiar  interest,  amounting  almost 
to  reverence,  attaches  to  the  name  of  the  man  who  founded  the 
New  York  "  Ledger,"  that  famous  story  paper  that  for  many  years 
gave  to  the  public  the  best  productions  of  Mrs.  Southworth,  Sylvanus 
Cobb,  Jr.,  Fanny  Fern,  Alice  Gary,  and  a  host  of  other  writers. 
Robert  Bonner  was  born  near  Londonderry,  Ireland,  April  28,  J  824. 
His  parents  were  Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians.  Coming  to  the  United 
States  at  an  early  age,  he  learned  the  printer's  trade,  and  in  1839 
was  employed  in  the  office  of  the  Hartford  "  Courant,"  where  he  gained 
the  reputation  of  being  the  most  rapid  compositor  in  Connecticut.  In 
J 844  he  removed  to  New  York,  and  in  1 85 1  purchased  the  "Ledger," 
at  that  time  an  insignificant  sheet.  By  printing  the  most  popular  class 
of  interesting  stories  he  gave  the  paper  a  wide  circulation,  which  was 
further  extended  by  the  contributions  of  James  Parton,  Fanny  Fern, 
Edward  Everett,  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Charles  Dickens,  and  other  emi- 
nent authors  and  clergymen.  Mr.  Bonner  has  made  large  gifts  of 
money  to  Princeton  College  and  to  various  charities.  To  gratify  his 
taste  for  fast  horses  he  has  purchased  several  of  the  most  celebrated 
trotters  in  the  world,  always  withdrawing  them  from  the  race  course. 
These  included  "Peerless,"  "Dexter"  and  "Maud  S."  The  last  named 
had  a  record  of  2:09:1,  afterward  reduced  to  2:08i),  and  was  purchased 
from  William  H.  Vanderbilt  for  $40,000.  Some  years  ago  Mr.  Bon- 
ner retired  from  active  business  life  and  is  now  enjoying,  in  a  quiet 
way,  the  fruits  of  his  energy  and  enterprise.  Since  his  retirement  the 
"Ledger"  has  been  successfully  conducted  by  his  sons,  to  whom  he 
surrendered   it. 

140 


ROBERT  BONNER. 

141 


HENRY   BILLINGS   BROWN. 


AVERY  clean  record  and  admirable  as  representing  intellect,  culti- 
vation and  a  power  to  look  upon  things  broadly  and  justly,  is 
that  of  Henry  Billings  Brown,  now  an  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  He  was  born  in  South  Lee,  Mass., 
March  2,  1836.  He  received  a  thorough  preliminary  education,  and 
was  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1856,  after  which  he  studied  law 
for  some  time  in  a  private  office,  and  later  attended  lectures  at  both 
Yale  and  Harvard  law  schools.  He  came  west  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Wayne  County,  Michigan,  in  July,  I860,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1 86 J,  upon  the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  was  appointed  United  States 
Deputy  Marshal,  and  subsequently  United  States  Attorney  for  the  east- 
ern district  of  Michigan,  a  position  he  held  until  1868,  when  he  was 
appointed  judg*  of  the  circuit  court  of  Wayne  County,  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
He  returned  x)  active  practice  in  partnership  with  John  S.  Newberry 
and  Ashley  Pond,  of  Detroit,  each  a  man  prominent  in  his  profession. 
In  1875  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  eastern  district  of  Michigan,  to  succeed  Hon.  John  W. 
Longyear,  and  in  December,  1890,  was  appointed  associate  justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  to  succeed  Judge  Samuel  F.  Miller.  He  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  his  present  office  January  5,  1891.  Since  his 
advent  in  the  Supreme  Court,  he  has  become  recognized  as  a  man  of 
marked  ability  and  one  who  is  a  credit  even  to  that  assemblage  of 
leaders  in  the  law.  Honors  have  come  upon  him  thick  and  fast. 
He  was  made  an  LL.  D.  by  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1887,  while 
Yale  University  conferred  the  same  honor  upon  him  in  1891.  He  occu- 
pies  the   front   rank   in   his   profession. 

142 


HENRY  BILLINGS  BROWN. 

143 


ROBERT   JONES   BURDETTE. 


METEOR-LIKE  in  their  short-lived  brilliance  have  been  the  careers 
of  the  majority  of  the  newspaper  "funny  men"  whose  bright 
paragraphs  made  brief  reputations  for  the  journals  in  which  they  ap- 
peared. With  Robert  J.  Burdette  this  has  not  been  the  case,  for  he 
is  one  of  the  few  who  possess  literary  ability  of  a  high  order,  who 
are  able  to  depict  the  pathetic  as  well  as  the  humorous  phases  of  life, 
and  who  write  entertainingly  on  a  variety  of  subjects.  Nevertheless, 
he  is  essentially  a  humorist,  and  not  many  years  ago  he  was  univer- 
sally designated  "  The  Burlington  '  Hawkeye '  Man,"  because  his  name 
was  so  little  known.  Mr.  Burdette  was  bom  in  Greensborough,  Pa., 
July  30,  J  844,  but  early  in  life  removed  to  Peoria,  111.,  where  he  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Forty- 
seventh  Illinois  volunteers,  in  1862,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  In  1869  he  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Peoria  "Trans- 
cript," was  afterward  connected  with  the  "Review,"  and  still  later 
assisted  in  the  founding  of  a  new  paper  in  Peoria,  which  did  not  suc- 
ceed. Subsequently  he  became  associate  editor  of  the  Burlington 
"  Hawkeye,"  and  his  humorous  contributions  to  that  journal,  being 
widely  copied,  gave  him  a  national  reputation.  In  J  877  he  began  to 
deliver  public  lectures,  in  which  he  was  very  successful,  his  subjects 
being  "The  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Moustache,"  "Home,"  and  "The 
Pilgrimage  of  the  Funny  Man."  Several  volumes  of  his  humorous 
writings  have  been  issued.  He  was  connected  with  the  Brooklyn 
"Eagle"  for  some  time,  and  continues  to  contribute  much  to  periodical 
literature.  He  also  occasionally  preaches,  being  a  licensed  minister  of 
the   Baptist   Church. 


ROBERT  JONES  BURDETTE. 

145 


JOHN   BURROUGHS. 


WHAT  other  American  author  writes  so  charmingly  of  bird  life, 
green  fields,  rural  fancies  and  observations,  and  the  impressions 
of  nature,  as  John  Burroughs?  The  pure,  bracing  air  of  the  country 
breathes  through  almost  everything  that  comes  from  his  gifted  pen. 
Mr.  Burroughs  was  born  in  Roxbury,  N.  Y.,  April  3,  1837.  The 
son  of  a  farmer,  he  early  imbibed  a  love  of  the  woods  and  meadows 
and  the  society  of  birds  and  books.  After  receiving  an  academic  edu- 
cation he  taught  school  eight  or  nine  years,  and  then  became  a  jour- 
nalist in  New  York.  He  was  a  clerk  in  the  treasury  department  at 
Washington  from  1864  until  J  873,  after  which  he  was  appointed 
receiver  of  the  Wallkill  National  Bank,  in  Middletown,  N.  Y.  In  1874 
he  settled  on  a  farm  at  Esopus,  N.  Y.,  giving  his  time  principally  to 
fruit  culture,  except  during  the  months  when  his  duties  as  bank  exam- 
iner called  him  away.  He  has  contributed  largely  to  periodicals,  writ- 
ing mainly  upon  rural  themes  and  natural  history.  His  published 
books  are:  "Wake  Robin,"  "Winter  Sunshine,"  "Birds  and  Poets," 
"Locusts  and  Wild  Honey,"  "Pepacton,"  "Fresh  Fields,"  "Signs  and 
Seasons,"  "  Indoor  Studies,"  and  "  Notes  on  Wak  Whitman  as  Poet 
and  Person."  He  has  also  written  enough  poetry  to  create  a  wish 
among  his  admirers  that  he  would  write  more.  The  thoroughness 
with  which  Mr.  Burroughs'  keen  observation  absorbs  a  subject  is  only 
equaled  by  the  cleverness  with  which  he  describes  it,  always  enlisting 
the  sympathies  and  interest  of  his  readers  where  a  less  entertaining 
writer  would  only  weary  them.  As  an  author  and  naturalist  he  is  a 
worthy  successor  of  Thoreau,  without  Thoreau's  personal  peculiarities 
and   erratic   habits  of   life. 

146 


JOHN  BURROUGHS. 

J47 


GEORGE   WASHINGTON   CABLE. 


MANY  readers  will  remember  with  what  delight  they  devoured 
those  inimitable  short  stories,  "Madame  Delphine,"  "Posson 
Jone,"  "Tite  Poulette,"  and  "Cafe  des  Exiles,"  with  which  George  W. 
Cable  made  his  advent  in  the  field  of  literature,  and  the  enthusiasm 
with  which  they  received  his  later  and  more  elaborate  works.  Mr. 
Cable  is  a  native  of  New  Orleans,  born  October  12,  1844.  He  served 
in  the  Confederate  army  from  1863  to  1865,  being  severely  wounded, 
and  after  the  war  returned  to  New  Orleans,  penniless.  He  had  a 
hard  struggle  for  existence  for  a  time,  but  finally  attracted  attention 
through  a  series  of  clever  articles  published  in  the  New  Orleans  "Pic- 
ayune," and  in  1878  his  sketches  of  Creole  life  began  to  appear  in 
"Scribner's  Magazine."  These  made  him  famous,  and  his  success  as 
an  author  was  immediately  assured.  He  possesses  a  thorough  mastery 
of  the  Creole  and  negro  dialects  of  his  native  state,  and  his  stories  all 
have  the  merit  of  novelty  and  interest.  His  keen  powers  of  observa- 
tion have  enabled  him  to  depict  the  social  life  of  the  Louisiana  low- 
lands so  vividly  that  in  som.e  cases  serious  offense  has  been  given  to 
those  whose  portraits  he  has  drawn.  Through  his  publications  he  has 
been  the  means  of  effecting  reforms  in  the  con./act  system  of  convict 
labor  in  the  Southern  States.  Among  his  most  popular  works  are 
"Old  Creole  Days,"  "The  Grandissimes,"  " Bonaventure,"  "The  Cre- 
oles of  Louisiana,"  "Dr.  Sevier,"  "The  Silent  South,"  "John  March, 
Southerner,"  etc.  Mr.  Cable  has  also  been  successful  in  the  lecture 
field,  and  his  readings  from  his  own  books  give  the  stories  and  their 
characters  an  added  charm  through  his  clever  interpretations.  In  1885 
he   established  his   permanent   home   at   Northampton,   Mass. 

148 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON  CABLE. 

J49 


JULIUS  C   BURROWS. 


A  PROMINENT  figure  in  Congress  has  been  for  a  long  time  that 
of  Julius  C.  Burrows,  who  so  ably  represents  the  Third  Michi- 
gan district.  He  was  born  in  North  East,  Erie  County,  Pa.,  January 
9,  1837.  He  received  a  thorough  common-school  and  academic  educa- 
tion. He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice,  but,  with  the 
outbreak  of  the  Civil  war,  entered  the  Union  army,  remaining  in  the 
service  until  1864.  After  the  war  he  settled  down  vigorously  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  and  was  electeo  prose- 
cuting attorney.  In  1867  he  was  appointea  supervisor  of  internal  reve- 
nue for  the  states  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  but  declined  the  office, 
preferring  the  regular  career  before  him.  He  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con- 
gresses, and  in  1884  was  appointed  Solicitor  of  the  United  States  Treas- 
ury Department,  but  declined  the  office.  In  the  same  year  he  was 
elected  delegate-at-Iarge  from  Michigan  to  the  Republican  National  Con- 
vention. He  was  elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress,  and  has  been 
re-elected  continuously  since.  He  was  twice  elected  Speaker  pro  tem- 
pore during  the  Fifty-first  Congress,  and  is  a  recognized  power  in  the 
Republican  party.  In  his  last  contest  he  received  a  majority  of  votes 
over  the  Democratic,  Populist  and  Prohibition  candidates  combined.  A 
fluent  and  powerful  debater,  a  statesman  of  admitted  ability,  and  pos- 
sessed of  popular  qualities,  he  is  looked  upon  as  a  not  unlikely  occupant 
of  a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate.  He  is  a  fit  specimen  of  the 
clear-headed,  broad-viewed  men,  the  drift  from  the  east,  who  have  made 
Michigan  one  of  the  most  typically  American  and  pi'Ogressive  states  of 
the  Union. 

i50 


JULIUS  C  BURROWS. 

J5I 


JAMES   E.   CAMPBELL. 


ONE  of  the  men  who  have  become  factors  in  the  political  history 
of  the  country  within  a  comparatively  recent  period,  but  who 
have  attracted  universal  attention  by  reason  of  inherent  greatness,  is 
Ex-Governor  Campbell,  of  Ohio.  First  in  the  National  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, then  in  the  Governor's  chair,  he  distinguished  himself  as  a 
man  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  an  able  legislator,  and  a  wise  exec- 
utive. James  E.  Campbell  was  born  in  Middletown,  Ohio,  July  7, 
1843.  He  received  a  thorough  education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
a  lawyer.  During  the  Civil  war  he  served  in  the  United  States  Navy, 
and  after  the  restoration  of  peace  settled  down  to  the  practice  of  hk 
profession  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  where,  in  1876,  he  became  prosecuting 
attorney,  continuing  in  that  office  until  1880.  In  the  mean  time  Mr. 
Campbell  had  become  so  popular  throughout  his  district  that  in  1882 
he  was  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Democrat,  and  he  soon  became  one 
of  the  most  popular  men  at  the  Capitol,  as  well  as  a  leader  in  the 
House.  He  served  in  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Fiftieth,  but  subsequently  resigned  his  seat  to 
make  the  race  for  Governor  of  Ohio.  He  made  a  vigorous  and  bril- 
liant campaign,  and  succeeded  in  defeating  his  Republican  opponent. 
Governor  Foraker.  At  the  end  of  his  term  as  Governor,  he  failed  of 
re-election,  but  his  power  and  influence  in  his  own  party  have  contin- 
ued to  grow,  rather  than  diminish,  and  he  is  today  a  greater  man 
than  ever.  At  the  National  Democratic  Convention  of  1892  he  was 
a  recognized  leader,  and  was  enthusiastically  cheered  every  time  his 
tall,  commanding  figure  was  seen  in  the  aisles.  He  represents  the  best 
principles   of  the  Democratic   party. 


JAMES  E.  CAMPBELL. 

153 


WILL  CARLETON. 


EASILY  the  predecessor  of  the  American  poets  of  the  day  who  are 
describing  country  life — by  the  way,  the  greatest  life  of  the  nation — 
though  he  used  little  or  no  dialect  in  doing  it,  stands  Will  Carleton, 
the  Michigan  poet,  author  of  ''Over  the  Hills  to  the  Poorhouse,"  and 
of  similar  poems  which  have  touched  the  hearts  of  the  American  pub- 
lic. He  was  bom  in  Hudson,  Lenawee  County,  Mich.,  October  21, 
J  845.  He  received  the  ordinary  education  of  a  boy  of  that  region  of 
apple  orchards,  of  good  roads  winding  beside  lakes,  and  of  good  schools. 
He  graduated  at  Hillsdale  College  in  J  869.  After  his  graduation  he 
visited  Europe  and  repeated  the  trip,  making  an  earnest  study  of  gen- 
eral European  life  as  compared  with  the  American.  He  began  soon 
after  his  return  a  series  of  contributions  to  periodicals  and  magazines, 
and  one  day  found  himself  made  suddenly  famous  by  contributions  pub- 
lished in  the  east,  "Over  the  Hills  to  the  Poorhouse"  and  "Betsy  and 
I  are  Out"  being,  doubtless,  the  most  potent  in  giving  him  the  wide 
reputation  he  so  suddenly  attained.  He  has  lectured  in  Great  Britain, 
Canada  and  the  United  States,  and  has  proved  an  exceedingly  popular 
man  before  an  audience.  His  published  books  include  "Poems"  (Chi- 
cago, 1870t  "Farm  Ballads"  (New  York,  1873),  "Farm  Legends" 
(J  875),  "Young  Folks'  Centennial,"  "Rhymes,"  "Farm  Festivals," 
"City  Ballads,"  and  others.  With  a  keen  perception  of  what  was 
about  him,  and  with  the  gift  of  language  for  expressing  in  words  that 
which  he  sees  and  feels,  Mr.  Carleton  has  won  fairly  the  position 
he  now  occupies  in  the  literary  world.  He  is  one  of  the  graceful 
poetic  historians  of  a  great  phase  of  life  in  the  progress  of  the  new 
world. 

J54 


^. 


WILL  CARLETON. 

155 


ANDREW  CARNEGE. 


BY  all  odds  the  largest  manufacturer  of  pig-iron,  steel  rails  and  coke 
in  the  world  is  Andrew  Carnegie.  The  son  of  a  poor  weaver, 
he  was  born  in  Dunfermline,  Scotland,  November  25,  1835,  and  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  father  in  1845,  settling  in  Pittsburg  two 
years  later.  He  learned  telegraphy,  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  read 
telegraphic  signals  by  sound.  Later,  while  in  the  employ  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania railroad,  he  met  Mr.  Woodruff,  the  inventor  of  the  sleeping- 
car,  and  joined  him  in  his  venture,  the  success  of  which  gave  him 
the  nucleus  of  his  wealth.  He  pooled  his  profits  with  the  syndicate 
that  purchased  the  Storey  farm  on  Oil  Creek,  which  cost  forty  thou- 
sand dollars,  and  yielded  in  one  year  over  one  million  dollars  in  cash 
dividends.  Mr.  Carnegie  subsequently  associated  himself  with  others  in 
the  establishment  of  a  rolling  mill,  and  from  this  has  grown  the  most 
extensive  and  complete  system  of  iron  and  steel  industries  ever  con- 
trolled by  an  individual,  embracing  the  Edgar  Thomson  Steel  Works, 
the  Pittsburg  Bessemer  Steel  Works,  the  Lucy  Furnaces,  the  Union  Iron 
Mills,  the  Union  Mill  (Wilson,  Walker  &  Co.),  the  Keystone  Bridge 
Works,  the  Hartman  Steel  Works,  the  Frick  Coke  Company,  and  the 
Scotia  ore  mines.  Many  times  a  millionaire,  Mr.  Carnegie  has  devoted 
large  sums  to  public  improvements  and  to  benevolent  and  educational 
purposes,  both  in  this  country  and  in  Scotland.  He  owns  about  eigh- 
teen newspapers,  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  periodicals,  and  has  pub- 
lished two  books:  "An  American  Four-in-Hand  in  Britain"  and  "Tri- 
umphant Democracy."  He  has  shown  a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare 
of  the  working  classes,  and  in  all  movements  designed  to  improve  their 
condition. 

156 


ANDREW  CARNEGIE. 

J  57 


MARY  HARTWELL   CATHERWOOD. 


T  TERY  well  defined  and  more  than  creditable  is  the  position  in  lit- 
y  erature  of  Mary  Hartwell  Catherwood.  She  was  born  in  Luray, 
Licking  County,  Ohio,  December  16,  1847.  Her  father,  the  scion  of 
a  long  line  of  Scotch-Irish  baronets,  came  with  his  family  to  Illinois 
when  the  state  was  still  half  wild,  and  fell  a  victim  to  the  duties  of 
his  profession.  The  daughter,  Mary,  received  a  thorough  education 
and  graduated  from  the  Female  College  at  Granville,  Ohio,  in  1868. 
In  1888  she  became  the  wife  of  James  S.  Catherwood,  and  has  since 
resided  at  Hoopeston,  111.  The  child,  Mary  Hartwell,  was  always 
given  to  story  making,  but  it  was  not  until  1881  that  the  woman  was 
fairly  launched  on  the  sea  of  letters.  In  that  year  "  Craque-O'-Doom," 
from  her  pen,  was  published  in  Philadelphia ;  "  Rocky  Fork "  was  pub- 
lished in  Boston,  in  1882,  and  then  came  in  succession  "Old  Caravan 
Days,"  "The  Secrets  at  Roseladies,"  "The  Romance  of  Dollard,"  which 
first  appeared  as  a  serial  in  the  "Century  Magazine,"  "The  Bells  of 
St.  Anne,"  "The  Story  of  Tonty,"  and  other  works.  As  the  roman- 
tic historian  of  Canada  and  the  Great  Lakes  region  Mrs.  Catherwood 
has  certainly  no  peer,  and  as  a  graceful  defender  of  the  conservative 
ideal  against  the  unadorned  realistic  in  style  she  has  won  almost  equal 
prominence.  She  has  a  wonderful  gift  of  story  telling,  and  has,  fur- 
thermore, an  earnestness  and  enthusiasm  in  her  work  which  reveals 
itself  in  the  tone  of  all  she  writes.  She  is  the  graceful  pioneer  in  a 
field  which  will  yet  be  enormously  and  magnificently  fruitful.  Among 
western  authors  •  she  occupies  an  admittedly  high  position,  the  result  of 
no  exploitation  nor  of  adventitious  circumstance,  but  of  distinguished 
merit. 

158 


MARY  HARTWELL  CATHERWOOD. 


AMELIE   RIVES   CHANLER. 


THOUGH  yet  a  young  woman,  Mrs.  Amelie  Rives  Chanler  is 
well  known  in  at  least  two  continents.  Her  fame  came  swiftly, 
but  it  has  remained  because  of  the  real  strength  of  the  young  author- 
ess. Amelie  Rives  was  born  in  Richmond,  Va.,  August  23,  1863. 
She  is  the  granddaughter  of  the  Hon.  Wm.  C.  Rives,  who  was  three 
times  Minister  to  France  and  once  a  United  States  senator.  Her 
youth  was  passed  part  of  the  time  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  part  of  the 
time  at  Castle  Hill,  her  father's  place  in  Albemarle  County,  Virginia. 
It  was  not  until  1886  that  she  became  known  to  the  world.  In  that 
year  she  published  anonymously,  in  the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  a  story  of 
the  sixteenth  century  entitled  "A  Brother  to  Dragons,"  which  excited 
widespread  interest  and  comment.  In  1887  "The  Farrier  Lass  o'  Pip- 
ing Pebworth,"  a  short  story  in  " Lippincott's  Magazine,"  and  "Nurse 
Crumpet  Tells  the  Story,"  in  "Harper's  Magazine,"  added  to  the 
author's  reputation.  In  1889  "The  Quick  or  the  Dead"  appeared  in 
"  Lippincott's  Magazine,"  and  reputation  was  a  thing  assured.  There 
was  much  adverse  criticism  of  the  daring  story,  but  its  genius  was 
admitted.  In  June,  1888,  she  became  the  wife  of  John  Armstrong 
Chanler,  of  New  York.  Her  first  drama,  "Herod  and  Mariamna," 
was  published  just  before  she  went  abroad.  A  study  of  life  in  the 
Latin  quarter  of  Paris,  by  Mrs.  Chanler,  entitled  "According  to  St. 
John,"  appeared  in  the  "Cosmopolitan  Magazine"  as  a  serial  in  1891, 
and  a  second  drama,  "Athelwold,"  was  published  in  "Harper's  Maga- 
zine" in  1892.  Mrs.  Chanler  spends  much  of  her  time  at  Castle  Hill, 
and  there  continues  her  studies  in  the  line  of  the  career  which  has 
been   so   brilliantly   begun. 


AMELIE  RIVES  CHANLER. 


WILLIAM  EATON   CHANDLER. 


ORIGINAL  and  aggressive,  with  a  mind  that  grasps  quickly  and 
accurately  the  most  complicated  questions  of  government,  few 
men  are  better  fitted  to  cope  with  the  problems  which  the  progress  of 
legislation  and  agitation  have  pressed  upon  the  attention  of  this  genera- 
tion than  Senator  Chandler,  of  New  Hampshire.  Mr.  Chandler  first 
saw  the  light  of  day  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  December  28,  1835.  After 
his  admission  to  the  bar,  in  1856,  he  was  appointed  reporter  of  the 
New  Hampshire  supreme  court,  and  in  1862  he  was  elected  by  the 
Republicans  to  the  Legislature.  In  1864  he  was  employed  by  the 
United  States  Navy  Department  as  special  counsel  to  prosecute  the 
Philadelphia  navy  yard  frauds,  and  in  the  following  year  he  was 
appointed  first  solicitor  and  judge  advocate-general  of  that  department. 
From  June  17,  1865,  to  November  30,  1867,  he  was  first  assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  In  1876  he  advocated  the  claims  of  the 
Hayes  electors  in  Florida  before  the  canvassing  board  of  the  state,  and 
was  afterward  an  outspoken  opponent  of  the  Southern  policy  of  the 
Hayes  administration.  In  1881  Mr.  Chandler  was  again  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire  legislature,  and  in  April,  1882,  President  Arthur 
appointed  him  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  in  which  office  he  carried  out 
many  important  measures,  and  introduced  reforms  the  result  of  which 
has  been  the  saving  of  millions  of  dollars  to  the  government  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  first  elected  United  States  senator  June  14, 
1887,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Austin  F.  Pike,  and  was  re-elected 
June  18,  1889.  Mr.  Chandler  is  a  worker  rather  than  a  talker,  and 
in  every  public  position  that  he  has  held  he  has  been  known  by  what 
he   has   accomplished   and   not   by   what   he   has   said. 

162 


K   f 


(^ 


WILLIAM  EATON  CHANDLER. 
163 


WILLIAM   BOURKE  COCKRAN. 


TAMMANY'S  great  orator,  recently  a  member  of  Congress,  an  ear- 
nest worker,  and  a  man  of  influence  in  the  House,  is  compara- 
tively new  as  a  figure  in  national  politics.  He  was  born  in  Ireland, 
February  28,  1854,  and  was  educated  in  his  native  country  and  in 
France,  coming  to  America  when  seventeen  years  of  age.  Soon  after 
his  arrival  in  this  country  he  became  a  teacher  in  a  private  academy, 
and  was,  later,  principal  of  a  public  school  in  Westchester  County, 
New  York.  Here  he  labored  for  some  time.  His  natural  abilities 
outside  of  those  required  in  his  avocation  were  recognized  while  he  was 
still  a  teacher,  and  he  participated  in  Democratic  conventions,  and 
became  at  length  a  recognized  person  of  influence  in  the  affairs  of  the 
party  in  New  York  City.  His  pre-eminent  oratorical  powers  gave  him 
prominence,  and  at  the  convention  which  nominated  Grover  Cleveland 
for  the  presidency,  in  1892,  Mr.  Cockran's  speech  in  opposition  was 
admittedly  the  ablest  effort  of  the  occasion.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Fifty-second  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Fifty-third,  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  debates  on  national  issues.  Though  an  active  partici- 
pant in  the  councils  of  the  close  political  organization  to  which  he 
belongs,  and  counted,  as  a  matter  of  course,  its  spokesman  on  great 
occasions,  Mr.  Cockran  is  not  so  thoroughly  identified  with  it  in  character 
as  are  other  leaders  who  might  be  named,  and  is  apparently  rather 
inclined  to  take  an  independent  course  and  be  influenced  rather  by  his 
convictions  than  the  dictates  of  a  "machine."  His  political  opinions 
are  broad  and  liberal,  and,  when  made  public  in  a  speech,  have 
always  immeidate  force,  from  the  remarkable  tact  and  force  of  their 
expression. 

164 


WILLIAM  BOURKE  COCKRAN. 

J  65 


JOSEPH   COOK. 


FOR  searching  philosophical  analysis,  for  keen  and  merciless  logic, 
for  dogmatic  assertion  of  eternal  truth  in  the  name  of  science,  it 
is  doubtful  if  Joseph  Cook,  of  Boston,  has  an  equal  on  the  lecture 
platform  or  in  the  field  of  religious  literature.  He  is  probably  the 
most  aggressive,  as  he  is  certainly  the  most  celebrated,  defender  of  the 
orthodox  faith  of  the  present  day.  Mr.  Cook  was  born  in  Ticon- 
deroga,  N.  Y.,  January  26,  J  838.  He  was  educated  at  Yale  and  Har- 
vard, and  after  studying  four  years  at  Andover  he  was  granted  a  license, 
but  declined  all  invitations  to  any  settlement  as  pastor.  He  preached 
in  Andover  for  two  years  and  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  for  one  year,  and  in 
J  871  went  to  Europe,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  study  and  travel 
until  near  the  close  of  1873.  Upon  his  return  he  became  a  lecturer 
on  the  relations  of  religion,  science  and  current  reform.  His  "  Boston 
Monday  lectures,"  in  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  attracted  general  atten- 
tion and  were  widely  published,  many  of  them  being  afterward  deliv- 
ered by  Mr.  Cook  in  the  various  cities  of  the  United  States.  In  1880 
he  made  a  lecturing  tour  around  the  world,  attracting  large  audiences 
and  favorable  criticisms  everywhere.  Mr.  Cook's  published  works  in- 
clude "  Biology/'  "  Transcendentalism,"  "  Orthodoxy,"  "  Conscience," 
"  Heredity,"  "  Marriage,"  "  Labor,"  ''  Socialism,"  "  Occident,"  and  "  Ori- 
ent." His  greatest  popularity  arises  from  the  fact  that  he  attempts  to 
show  that  science  is  in  harmony  with  religion  and  the  Bible.  Presi- 
dent McCosh,  of  Princeton  College,  said  of  Mr.  Cook  as  a  lecturer: 
"He  lightens  and  thunders,  throwing  a  vivid  light  on  a  topic  by  an 
expression  of  comparison,  or  striking  a  presumptuous  error  as  by  a  bolt 
from   heaven." 

166 


JOSEPH  COOK. 

167 


RICHARD  HARDING  DAVIS. 


NO  man  of  the  present  day  in  the  United  States  has  fairly  won 
a  position  in  the  literary  field  at  a  lesser  age  than  has  Richard 
Harding  Davis.  Though  but  just  past  his  thirtieth  year,  he  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  most  brilliant  of  story-tel'ers  of  a  certain  class,  and 
that  class  a  good  one.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  10,  1864, 
and  is  the  son  of  L.  Clark  Davis,  editor  of  the  "Philadelphia  Ledger," 
and  Rebecca  Harding  Davis,  an  authoress  popular  everywhere  for  her 
charming  stories.  With  such  parentage  it  is  not  at  all  surprising  that 
the  son  should  have  the  literary  gift  in  a  marked  degree.  He  received 
a  thorough  education  at  Lehigh  University  and  Johns  Hopkins',  and, 
almost  immediately  after  leaving  college,  engaged  in  literary  work. 
After  writing  a  book,  which  was  not  long  upon  the  market,  and  a 
magazine  story  or  two,  he  began  newspaper  work  in  Philadelphia, 
serving  successively  on  the  "  Record,"  the  "  Press,"  and  the  "  Tele- 
graph," and  paying  a  visit  for  the  latter  to  England.  On  his  return 
from  England,  he  secured  a  connection  with  the  New  York  "Evening 
Sun,"  and  on  that  paper  began  the  series  of  "Van  Bibber"  sketches, 
by  which  he  is  best  known.  It  was  not  by  these  that  he  became 
first  known,  however,  but  by  the  spirited  story  of  "  Gallegher."  It  is 
a  noticeable  thing  in  all  that  he  has  accomplished  and  is  what  is  great- 
est in  his  promise  for  the  future  that  Mr.  Davis'  work  shows  with 
each  successive  volume  increased  care  and  quality,  while  none  of  the 
vigor  is  lost.  He  has  published  three  or  four  books  of  travel,  which 
are,  in  their  way,  as  creditable  as  his  stories.  He  has  a  future  of 
exceptional  brightness,  being  young  and  having  "gifts"  which  may 
develop  into   something   very   great. 


RICHARD  HARDING  DAVIS, 

169 


FRANCIS   MARION   CRAWFORD. 


WITH  a  masterly  touch  in  the  delineation  of  natural  men  and 
women— with  a  fascinating  and  artistic  style  in  depicting  dra- 
matic scenes  and  situations,  whether  they  have  the  picturesque  setting 
of  southern  Continental  conditions  or  the  more  sober  hue  of  American 
life — F.  Marion  Crawford  has  won  great  popularity  as  a  novelist.  He 
is  the  son  of  an  American  sculptor,  Thomas  Crawford,  and  was  born 
in  Bagni  di  Lucca,  Italy,  August  2,  1854.  He  was  educated  partly 
in  America,  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  partly  in  Italy,  and  partly  in  England, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  He  after- 
ward studied  at  Karlsruhe  and  Heidelberg,  and  from  1876  to  1878 
studied  Sanskrit  at  the  University  of  Rome.  In  1879  he  went  to 
India  and  was  editor  of  a  daily  paper,  the  "  Indian  Herald,"  at  Alla- 
habad. Returning  to  America  in  1881,  he  remained  until  1883,  and 
then  went  to  Italy,  where,  with  the  exception  of  occasional  visits  to 
this  and  other  countries,  he  has  since  resided,  his  home  being  near  Sor- 
rento. Mr.  Crawford's  writings  are  chiefly  in  the  line  of  fiction, 
though  he  has  done  some  work  in  critical  philosophy  and  philology, 
and  has  contributed  sketches  of  travel  to  periodicals.  His  first  novel, 
"Mr.  Isaacs,"  made  him  famous  in  the  literary  world,  and  his  succeed- 
ing ones,  which  have  followed  one  another  in  rapid  succession,  have 
been  eagerly  sought  after  and  widely  commented  upon.  He  has  been 
awarded  a  prize  of  one  thousand  francs  by  the  French  Academy  as  an 
acknowledgment  of  the  merit  of  his  noveh,  and  especially  two  of  them, 
"  Zoroaster "  and  "  Marzio's  Crucifix,"  which  were  written  in  French  as 
well  as  in  English.  His  latest,  "Katharine  Lauderdale,"  is  a  realistic 
American   story. 

J  70 


FRANCIS  MARION  CRAWFORD. 


AMOS  JAY   CUMMINGS. 


NOT  all  newspaper  writers  are  "  born  to  blush  unseen,"  although 
the  concealment  of  their  identity,  as  a  rule,  prevents  them  from 
becoming  widely  known  through  their  work.  An  editor  who  has 
scratched  his  way  into  Congress  with  a  sharp-pointed  pen,  is  Amos  J. 
Cummings,  representing  the  Eleventh  congressional  district  of  New  York 
City.  Mr.  Cummings  was  born  in  Conkling,  Broome  County,  N.  Y., 
May  15,  184 J.  He  was  educated  in  a  district  school,  and  at  the  age 
of  twelve  years  entered  a  printing  office  as  an  apprentice.  He  has 
set  type  in  nearly  every  state  in  the  Union.  As  a  boy  he  was  with 
Walker  in  the  last  invasion  of  Nicaragua,  and  during  the  Civil  war 
was  sergeant-major  in  the  Twenty-sixth  New  Jersey  infantry,  being  offi- 
cially mentioned  for  gallantry  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  Mr. 
Cummings  has  filled  editorial  positions  on  the  New  York  "Tribune," 
under  Horace  Greeley;  was  managing  editor  at  different  times  of  the 
New  York  "  Sun "  and  of  the  New  York  "  Express,"  and  was  editor 
of  the  "Evening  Sun"  and  president  of  the  New  York  Press  Club 
when  elected  to  the  Fiftieth  Congress.  He  has  served  four  terms  in 
Congress,  and  has  done  valuable  work  as  a  member  of  the  committee 
on  merchant  marine  and  fisheries,  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
library,  and  chairman  of  the  committee  on  naval  affairs.  Mr.  Cum- 
mings is  a  champion  of  organized  labor,  and  carries  a  working  card 
as  a  printer,  being  the  only  representative  in  the  House  who  is  a 
member  in  good  standing  of  a  labor  union.  While  in  Congress  he 
has  continued  his  work  as  a  newspaper  correspondent,  and  his  letters 
are  always  full  of  interest.  For  many  years  he  wrote  for  the  New 
York   "  Sun,"   over   the   signature  of   "  Ziska." 

J  72 


AMOS  JAY  CUMMINGS. 

J  73 


DONALD  McDonald  Dickinson. 


PECULIAR  abilities,  coupled  with  natural  sagacity  and  tact,  are 
essential  qualifications  of  the  successful  organizer  and  leader  in 
politics.  In  this  respect  there  are  probably  few  men  in  the  United 
States  better  equipped  than  "Don"  M.  Dickinson,  of  Michigan,  whose 
valuable  services  to  his  party  were  recognized  in  so  substantial  a  way 
by  President  Cleveland  in  1888.  Mr.  Dickinson  was  born  in  Port 
Ontario,  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.,  January  7,  1847.  After  obtaining  a 
preliminary  education  in  the  public  schools,  he  entered  the  University  of 
Michigan,  where  he  was  graduated  in  J  867.  He  then  took  up  the 
study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Michigan,  eventually 
settling  in  Detroit,  where  for  many  years  he  has  pursued  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  Of  rare  legal  acumen,  he  quickly  won  a  foremost 
place  at  the  bar,  and  has  continually  added  to  his  reputation  by  his 
connection  with  important  cases  and  the  admirable  manner  in  which  he 
conducts  them.  By  his  shrewdness  and  foresight,  as  well  as  by  his 
eloquence  and  magnetism,  he  became  a  power  in  the  Democratic  party 
of  the  state,  and  finally  of  the  nation.  In  1876  he  was  chosen  chair- 
man of  the  Democratic  State  Committee  of  Michigan,  in  which  position 
he  rendered  valuable  service.  In  1880  he  was  chairman  of  the  Michi- 
gan delegation  in  the  National  Democratic  Convention,  and  since  that 
time  has  always  taken  an  active  and  prominent  part  in  national  cam- 
paign work.  In  1884  he  became  a  member  of  the  National  Demo- 
cratic Committee,  representing  Michigan,  and  distinguished  himself  for 
clever  management  and  wise  counsel.  President  Cleveland  appointed 
him  Postmaster-General  of  the  United  States,  January  17,  1888,  a  post 
which   he   creditably   filled  for   one   year. 

J74 


DONALD  Mcdonald  Dickinson. 


JOACHIM   CRESPO. 


THE  most  important  international  topic  during  the  last  administration 
of  President  Cleveland  was  the  dispute  between  England  and 
America  involving  the  question  of  the  correct  boundary  line  between 
British  Guiana  and  Venezuela.  The  latter  government  claimed  that 
Great  Britain  was  encroaching  upon  their  territory.  President  Cleve- 
land took  the  stand  that  the  question  involved  the  terms  of  the  Mon- 
roe Doctrine,  namely,  that  the  United  States  considers  any  attempt  by 
a  European  power,  to  extend  their  system  to  any  portion  of  this  hemi- 
sphere, as  dangerous  to  the  peace  and  safety  of  the  nation.  Gen. 
Joachim  Crespo,  President  of  the  Republic  of  Venezuela,  has  the  pecu- 
liar characteristics  of  one  who  would  be  a  leader  of  men.  It  has  been 
said  of  him  that  he  is  possessed  of  two  attributes  which  seldom  go 
hand  in  hand.  He  is  a  shrewd  and  conservative  business  man,  rich 
in  land  and  herds— a  veritable  cattle  king  of  the  South;  but  above  all 
he  is  a  brave  and  gallant  soldier,  a  soldier  whose  iron  nerve  has 
endeared  him  to  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen.  His  first  act  of 
bravery  and  patriotism  was  to  head  a  revolutionary  rising  against  the 
unconstitutional  acts  of  President  Palachio.  That  merciless  despot  was 
driven  from  the  Presidency  and  General  Crespo  accepted  the  provisional 
head  of  the  government.  He  immediately  issued  a  pronunciamiento 
ordering  a  constitutional  election.  He  was  elected,  and  at  once  showed 
his  affection  for  his  country  and  loyalty  to  the  people  by  adopting  a 
new  constitution,  patterned  as  nearly  after  that  of  the  United  States  as 
the  different  conditions  of  the  country  would  permit.  President  Crespo 
was  born  in  Barcelona,  Venezuela,  in  J  845.  The  action  of  President 
Cleveland  in  the  boundary  question   was  heartily   endorsed   by  every  one. 

176 


JOACHIM  CRESPO. 

177 


GEORGE   R.   DAVIS. 


THE  man  upon  whom  rested  the  chief  responsibility  for  the  con- 
duct of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  J  893  was  Col. 
George  R.  Davis,  of  Chicago.  There  is  that  in  the  character  of  the 
man  which  speaks  well  for  the  wisdom  of  the  National  Commission  in 
making  him  Director-General  of  that  greatest  of  modern  enterprises. 
Colonel  Davis  has  clearness  of  judgment  and  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
men,  besides  executive  ability  of  a  high  order  and  a  natural  tact  in 
the  management  of  large  and  varied  interests.  He  was  born  at  Three 
Rivers,  Palmer,  Massachusetts,  January  3,  1840,  and  after  receiving  his 
early  education  in  the  public  schools,  attended  Williston  Seminary, 
where  he  graduated  in  I860.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  but  upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eighth  Massachusetts  regiment,  and  soon  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain. 
In  1863  he  resigned  to  organize  a  battery  of  light  artillery,  and  at  a 
still  later  period  he  was  a  major  in  the  Third  Rhode  Island  cavalry. 
After  the  war  Colonel  Davis  became  a  resident  of  Chicago  and  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  organization  of  the  First  regiment,  Illinois  National 
Guard,  of  which  he  was  made  commander.  In  1876  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  Congress  by  the  Republicans  of  his  district,  but  was  defeated. 
Two  years  later,  however,  he  was  elected,  and  S2rved  three  successive 
terms.  At  the  close  of  his  congressional  career  he  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  Cook  County,  and  upon  leaving  that  office  became  Director- 
General  of  the  World's  Fair.  The  story  of  his  splendid  work  in  that 
position  is  known  to  the  world.  To  his  individual  efforts  the  success 
of  the  great  exposition  is  largely  due.  He  is  now  looked  upon  as  a 
power   in   Western   politics. 

178 


GEORGE  R.  DAVIS. 

J  79 


THOMAS  McINTYRE  COOLEY. 


ADMIRED  no  less  for  his  modest,  gentle  disposition  and  entire  free- 
dom from  affectation  than  for  the  great  intellectual  force  that 
made  him  a  power  on  the  bench,  it  is  not  strange  that  Judge  Thomas 
M.  Cooley  has  taken  with  him  into  his  retirement  the  esteem  and  grati- 
tude of  the  people.  Judge  Cooley  was  born  in  Attica,  N.  Y.,  Janu- 
ary 6,  1824.  He  began  the  study  of  law  in  Palmyra,  N.  Y.,  in 
1842,  and  removing  to  Michigan  the  next  year  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Adrian  in  January,  1846.  For  a  time  he  edited  the  Adrian 
"Watch-Tower,"  a  newspaper,  and  in  1857  was  assigned  to  the  work 
of  compiling  the  general  statutes  of  Michigan,  which  were  published  in 
two  volumes.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  reporter  of  the  Supreme 
court,  which  office  he  held  for  seven  years.  In  1859  he  was  made 
justice  of  the  Supreme  court  of  Michigan,  becoming  chief  justice  in 
1868,  and  served  until  1885,  when  he  retired  permanently  from  the 
bench.  When  the  law  for  the  regulation  of  interstate  commerce  went 
into  effect  Judge  Cooley  was  made  chairman  of  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission,  a  post  which  he  resigned  in  1893.  He  has  held  the  pro- 
fessorship of  constitutional  and  administrative  law  in  the  University  of 
Michigan,  and  the  chair  of  American  history  in  the  same  college.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  number  of  legal  works,  digests  and  commentaries, 
that  are  much  used  in  the  profession,  and  has  written  a  history  of  the 
governments  of  Michigan.  Judge  Cooley  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  eminent  authorities  on  constitutional  law  in  the  country,  and  his 
decisions  while  on  the  bench  were  all  marked  by  clear,  convincing 
analysis  and  common  sense;  a  great  man  intellectually,  a  remarkably 
gifted   and    honest  American   citizen. 


J  80 


THOMAS  McINTYRE  COOLEY. 

J8J 


HENRY  LAURENS  DAWES. 


WHATEVER  great  ability,  long  experience,  ripe  judgment,  accumu- 
lated public  honors  and  a  spotless  private  character  can  do  to 
render  any  one  an  object  of  interest,  respect  and  admiration,  they  have 
done  for  ex-Senator  Henry  L.  Dawes,  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Dawes 
was  born  in  Cummington,  Mass.,  October  30,  18 16,  and  graduated  at 
Yale  in  J  839.  After  a  brief  experience  as  a  teacher  and  as  a  journal- 
ist he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842,  and  served  in  the  Legislature 
from  1848  to  1850,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  in  1853,  and  afterward 
attorney  for  the  Western  District  of  Massachusetts  until  1857,  when  he 
was  elected  to  Congress.  By  successive  re-elections  he  continued  a 
member  of  that  body  until  1873,  and  in  1875  he  succeeded  Charles 
Sumner  in  the  United  States  Senate.  There  he  remained  until  1893, 
when  he  retired  from  public  life.  As  Representative  and  Senator  he 
was  the  author  of  many  tariff  measures,  and  it  was  through  his  efforts 
that  the  completion  of  the  Washington  Monument  was  undertaken. 
!  The  entire  system  of  Indian  education,  due  to  legislation,  was  created 
'  by  Mr.  Dawes.  The  severalty  bill,  the  Sioux  bill,  and  the  bill  mak- 
ing Indians  subject  to  and  protected  by  our  criminal  laws  are  among 
the  important  bills  of  his  authorship.  Another  notable  measure  of  his 
,  was  the  introduction  of  the  Weather  Bulletin  in  1869,  at  the  suggestion 
of  Prof.  Cleveland  Abbe,  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  and  comparing 
weather  reports  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  In  fine,  the  legislative 
career  of  Mr.  Dawes  has  been  crowded  with  able  and  valuable  service 
to  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and  is  one  of  which  any  American 
might  be  proud. 


HENRY  LAURENS  DAWES. 

J  83 


REGINALD    De  KOVEN. 


IT  may  perhaps  be  said  that  no  musical  composer  in  the  United 
States  has  acquired  prominence  so  rapidly  as  has  Reginald  De  Koven* 
There  were  adventitious  circumstances  to  assist  him,  but  there  was 
merit  as  well.  He  was  born  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  i859,  and  ac- 
quired his  early  education  from  his  father,  an  Episcopal  clergyman.  At 
the  age  of  eleven  he  was  taken  to  Europe  by  his  parents,  and  remained 
there  about  twelve  years.  He  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Ox- 
ford, taking  his  degree  with  honors,  in  1879.  He  had  shown  musical 
ability  and  previous  to  taking  his  degree,  had  studied  piano  playing  at 
Stuttgart,  under  Speidel,  and  after  his  university  course,  returned  to 
Stuttgart  for  another  year,  studying  under  Dr.  Lebert  and  Professor 
Pruckner.  He  then  took  a  course  with  equally  eminent  teachers  at 
Frankfort  and  at  Florence,  Italy.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1882.  The 
musical  ability  in  him  manifested  itself,  and  he  wrote  the  words  and 
music  of  the  song  "Marjorie  Daw,"  which  was  successful,  and  the 
taste  for  reputation  thus  achieved  seems  to  have  led  him  on.  Later, 
he  wrote  "The  Begum."  It  was  produced  by  the  McCaulI  Opera 
Company,  and  was  a  marked  success  in  the  leading  cities  of  the  coun- 
try, Since  then  his  advancement  in  the  musical  world  has  been  rapid. 
He  has  produced  a  number  of  operas  ranking  among  the  most  popular 
on  the  stage  to-day,  some  of  which  have  proved  equally  popular  abroad. 
More  recently  he  has  been  engaged  by  "Harper's  Weekly"  to  conduct 
the  musical  department  of  that  journal.  He  writes  of  music  as  well  as 
he  composes  it,  and  his  studies  abroad  and  practical  experience  in  pro- 
ducing his  own  operas  has  given  him  a  knowledge  and  grasp  of  the 
subjects   upon   which   he  writes. 


REGINALD  DEKOVEN. 

1 35 


ANNA  ELIZABETH  DICKINSON. 


NOT  merely  as  a  brilliant  public  speaker,  but  as  a  playwright 
actress  and  philanthropist,  Anna  Elizabeth  Dickinson  has  made 
her  name  familiar  throughout  the  continent.  She  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, October  28,  J  842.  She  attended  the  Friends'  Free  School  in 
the  city  named,  her  parents  belonging  to  that  society.  Her  father  died 
when  she  was  but  two  years  of  age,  leaving  his  family  in  straitened 
circumstances,  and  the  child  had  few  advantages  of  education,  but  she 
studied  and  read  enthusiastically  and  developed  a  remarkable  talent. 
Her  first  address  was  made  at  a  Friends'  meeting  when  she  was  but 
fifteen  years  old.  After  that  she  spoke  frequently,  generally  on  slavery 
and  temperance.  She  became  a  teacher,  but  in  1 86 1  was  given  a 
place  in  the  United  States  Mint  in  Philadelphia,  but  was  removed 
because  of  grave  charges  made  against  General  McClellan  in  a  public 
address.  She  then  made  a  profession  of  lecturing,  and  soon  gained  an 
extended  reputation.  The  receipts  of  one  lecture  delivered  at  Washing- 
ton, in  1864,  were  over  $1,000,  which  sum  she  dona^^d  to  the  Freed- 
man's  Relief  Society.  In  J  876  Miss  Dickinson  decided  to  leave  the 
platform  for  the  stage,  and  made  her  debut  in  a  play  called  "A  Crown 
of  Thorns,"  and  written  by  herself.  Its  reception  was  not  what  she 
had  hoped,  and  she  next  essayed  "  Hamlet "  and  other  Shakespearian 
roles,  but  her  fort  was  not  as  an  actress,  and  she  returned  to  the  lec- 
ture field,  where  she  was  again  most  successful.  She  wrote  three 
plays  other  than  the  one  mentioned.  She  has  not  lectured  since  1892, 
her  failing  health  preventing  her.  She  acquired  a  fortune  in  the  lecture 
field,  but  has  given  away  the  bulk  of  it  in  all  kinds  of  charities.  Miss 
Dickinson   has   retired   from   active   life. 


ANNA  ELIZABETH  DICKINSON. 

'87 


JOHN   WARWICK  DANIEL. 


AS  distinctively  the  representative  of  old  Virginia  orators  of  the  pres- 
ent day,  Senator  John  W.  Daniel  occupies  a  conspicuous  position. 
He  was  born  in  Lynchburgh,  Campbell  County,  Va.,  September  5, 
1842,  and  comes  of  a  family  distinguished  in  the  law  and  statesman- 
ship and  in  the  conduct  of  the  state's  affairs.  He  received  his  early 
education  in  the  schools  of  Lynchburgh,  at  Lynchburgh  College,  and  at 
Dr.  Harrison's  university  and  school.  He  had  a  gift  for  languages, 
and  at  eighteen  had  a  knowledge  of  Latin,  Greek,  French  and  German. 
He  was  but  nineteen  when  the  Civil  war  broke  out,  and  entered  the 
Confederate  army  at  once.  He  was  wounded  at  the  first  battle  of 
Manassas  in  1 86 J,  at  Boonesboro  in  1862  and  at  Antietam,  and  at 
the  Battle  of  the  Wilderness  had  his  leg  broken  in  a  charge.  He 
served  with  marked  distinction  through  the  war  in  the  armies  of  north- 
ern Virginia,  and  at  the  time  of  the  Battle  of  the  Wilderness  was  on 
the  staff  of  General  Early.  He  studied  law  after  the  war,  and  entered 
immediately  upon  its  practice.  Later  he  wrote  "Daniel  on  Attach- 
ments" and  "Daniel  on  Negotiable  Instruments,"  both  of  which  books 
have  become  successes.  He  entered  public  life  in  1869  and  served 
two  terms  in  the  Virginia  house  of  delegates.  He  was  a  member  in 
the  Virginia  Senate  from  1875  to  1881.  He  was  that  year  beaten  in 
the  race  for  governor  of  Virginia,  but  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1885, 
and  during  his  first  session  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  to 
succeed  Senator  Mahone,  taking  his  seat  in  March,  1887,  for  the  term 
expiring  in  March,  1893.  In  1891  he  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
expiring  in  1899.  The  degree  of  LL.  D.  has  been  conferred  upon  him 
by   Washington   and   Lee   University  and  the   University   of   Michigan. 


JOHN  WARWICK  DANIEL. 

189 


MARY  LOWE  DICKINSON. 


A  WRITER  of  marked  ability,  but  perhaps  more  widely  known  in 
the  educational  field,  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson  has  thousands  of 
friends  throughout  the  United  States  who  recognize  the  quality  and 
extent  of  what  she  has  accomplished.  She  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
but,  after  her  marriage,  resided  for  some  years  abroad,  and  is  now  a 
resident  of  the  city  of  New  York.  An  early  experience  in  life  as  a 
teacher  led  her  to  realize  the  need  for  a  more  practical  education  for 
girls  and  women,  and  she  has  sought  to  teach  better  systems  of  train- 
ing. Her  latest  work  of  great  importance  was  in  Denver,  Colo.,  where 
she  held  a  full  professorship  in  English  literature.  Such  an  estimate 
was  placed  on  the  value  of  her  services,  not  only  as  an  instructor,  but 
as  a  social  and  moral  influence,  that  her  chair  was  one  of  the  first 
to  be  fully  endowed,  and  when  ill-health  obliged  her  to  resign  this 
position  the  chair  was  named  for  her,  and  she  was  made  Emeritus 
Professor,  and  holds  now  its  lectureship  in  English  literature.  She  has 
been  secretary  of  the  Woman's  Branch  of  the  American  Bible  Society, 
national  superintendent  of  the  so-called  department  of  higher  education 
in  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  and  president  of  the 
Woman's  National  Indian  Association.  She  conducted  for  six  years  a 
magazine  devoted  to  the  care  of  invalids,  and  held  an  associate  editor- 
ship with  Edward  Everett  Hale  in  his  Magazine  of  Philanthropy.  She 
is  general  secretary  of  the  Order  of  King's  Daughters  and  the  editor 
of  its  magazine.  Her  principal  literary  works  are  "Among  the  Thorns," 
"  The  Amber  Star,"  and  "  One  Little  Life,"  novels ;  and,  in  poetry, 
"The  Divine  Christ"  and  "Easter  Poems."  Her  productions  are  char- 
acterized by  exquisite  refinement. 

J90 


MARY  LOWE  DICKINSON. 

J9J 


NEAL  DOW. 


VGOROUS  and  persistent  warfare  against  the  liquor  traffic  for  more 
than  half  a  century  is  the  record  that  stands  to  the  credit  of 
that  venerable  reformer,  Neal  Dow,  who  recently  celebrated  the  ninetieth 
anniversary  of  his  birth  at  his  pleasant  home  in  Portland,  Me.  Mr. 
Dow  was  bom  in  Portland,  March  20,  1804.  He  was  twice  elected 
mayor  of  that  city,  in  J  85 1  and  J  854,  and  through  his  efforts  the 
Maine  liquor  law,  prohibiting  under  severe  penalties  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating beverages,  was  passed  in  1851.  He  was  a  m.ember  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1858-59.  As  colonel  of  the  Thirteenth  Maine 
volunteers,  during  the  Civil  war,  he  joined  General  Butler's  expedition 
to  New  Orleans,  and  in  April,  1862,  was  commissioned  brigadier-gen- 
eral of  volunteers  and  placed  in  command  of  the  forts  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Mississippi.  Subsequently  he  was  transferred  to  the  district  of 
Florida.  He  was  twice  wounded  in  the  attack  on  Port  Hudson, 
May  27,  1863,  and  was  a  prisoner  of  war  for  over  eight  months. 
He  resigned  his  commission  November  30,  1864.  In  1857,  and  again 
in  1866  and  1873,  Mr.  Dov/  went  to  England  at  the  invitation  of  the 
United  Kingdom  Temperance  Alliance,  and  addressed  crowded  meetings 
in  all  the  large  cities.  He  spent  many  years  in  earnest  endeavor  to 
win  the  popular  sanction  for  prohibitory  legislation.  In  1880  he  was 
the  candidate  of  the  National  Prohibition  party  for  president  of  the 
United  States,  and  received  10,305  votes.  It  was  largely  through  his 
efforts  that  the  prohibitory  amendment  to  the  constitution  of  Maine  was 
adopted  in  1884.  In  the  ranks  of  reformers  there  is  no  more  pictur- 
esque figure  than  Neal  Dow,  and  in  his  green  old  age  there  is  none 
held   in   greater   reverence   by   an  appreciative   and   admiring  people. 


NEAL  DOW. 
193 


MARY  KAVANAUGH   OLDHAM   EAGLE. 


THE  rare  tact  and  ability  shown  by  Mrs.  K.  O,  Eagle  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Woman's  Congress  of  the  Columbian  Exposition 
was  no  more  than  was  expected  of  her  by  those  familiar  with  what 
she  had  already  accomplished  in  the  field  of  church  work  and  as  a 
social  leader.  She  was  born  in  Madison  County,  Kentucky.  Her 
father,  William  K.  Oldham,  a  leading  stock-farmer  in  the  Blue  Grass 
region,  and  her  mother,  nee  Kate  Brown,  of  Brown's  Cove,  Va.,  were 
both  of  Revolutionary  stock.  The  daughter's  early  education  was  con- 
ducted chiefly  at  home,  after  which  she  graduated  from  Mrs.  Julia  A. 
Lewis'  famous  school,  Science  Hill,  Shelbyville,  Ky.  She  became  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  1874,  and  has  been  one  of  the  nota- 
ble workers  for  that  organization  since  that  time.  In  1882  she  became 
the  wife  of  Hon.  Jas.  P.  Eagle,  of  Arkansas,  who  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  in  1885  and  who  has  since  been  twice  elected  governor  of 
the  state.  Mrs.  Eagle  has  been  president  of  the  Woman's  Central 
Committee  on  Missions  since  1882,  and  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Woman's  Mission  Union,  of  Arkansas.  In  her  husband's  successful 
political  career  she  has  been  an  active  factor.  During  his  term  as 
governor,  the  Executive  Mansion  was  famous  for  the  bounteous  South- 
ern hospitality  shown  there,  and  Mrs.  Eagle  has  in  all  her  husband's 
campaigns  been  a  tactful  worker.  As  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Lady  Managers  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  and  as  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Congresses,  her  reputation  became  more  than 
national.  She  was  selected  as  editor  of  the  papers  read,  and  the 
splendid  volumes  lately  issued  bear  evidence  that  her  literary  skill  is 
equal   to   her   ability    in    other    directions. 

t94 


MARY  KAVANAUGH  OLDHAM  EAGLE 

i95 


GEORGE   FRANKLIN  EDMUNDS. 


FR  many  years  the  man  best  known  in  the  United  States  Senate 
as  a  fearless  foe  of  political  jobs  and  legislative  intrigues  was  the 
veteran  statesman  from  Vermont,  George  F.  Edmunds.  He  was  born 
February  1,  1828,  in  Richmond,  Vt.,  but  after  becoming  a  lawyer 
removed  to  Burlington  to  practice  his  profession.  From  J  854  to  1859 
he  was  a  representative  in  the  Legislature,  serving  three  years  as  Speaker, 
and  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1 86 1,  retiring  at  the  end  of 
the  term.  In  March,  1866,  he  succeeded  Solomon  Foot  as  United 
States  senator,  and  by  successive  re-elections  was  continued  in  that  office 
until  he  resigned  in  1891.  Senator  Edmunds  was  active  in  the  Andrew 
Jackson  impeachment,  acted  an  influential  part  in  the  passage  of  the 
re<onstruction  measures,  and  was  the  author  of  the  act  for  the  sup- 
pression of  polygamy  in  Utah,  known  as  the  "Edmunds  act."  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Electoral  Commission  of  1876,  was  president  pro 
tem.  of  the  Senate  after  Mr.  Arthur  became  President,  and  member  of 
many  important  committees.  At  the  National  Republican  conventions 
of  1880  and  1884,  held  in  Chicago,  he  received  thirty-four  and  ninety- 
three  votes,  respectively,  each  on  the  first  ballot,  for  the  presidential 
nomination.  As  a  legislator,  Mr.  Edmunds  was  noted  for  his  legal 
acumen,  his  readiness  in  repartee,  and  his  love  of  strictly  parliamentary 
procedure.  The  passage  of  the  Pacific  railroad  funding  act  was  largely 
due  to  his  influence  and  exertions,  and  he  was  a  leader  in  many  noted 
legislative  movements  during  his  twenty-five  years  in  the  Senate.  He 
retired  to  private  life  two  years  before  the  completion  of  his  last  term, 
resuming  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Burlington,  Vt.  He  carried 
with   him   the   respect   and   admiration   of   the   people. 


^ 


GEORGE  FRANKLIN  EDMUNDS. 

J  97 


EDWARD   EGGLESTON. 


LITERATURE  gained  what  the  ministry  lost  when  that  ever-popu- 
lar novelist  and  historian,  Edward  Eggleston,  forced  by  failing 
health  to  abandon  pastoral  work,  began  writing  for  the  press  as  a 
means  of  supporting  his  family.  Mr.  Eggleston  was  born  in  Vevay, 
Ind.,  December  10,  1837.  He  was  prevented  by  delicate  health  from 
entering  college,  and  his  education  was  mainly  self-acquired.  In  1856 
he  spent  four  months  in  Minnesota,  hoping  to  be  benefited  by  the  cli- 
mate, and  then  returning  to  Indiana  became  a  Methodist  preacher,  rid- 
ing a  four-weeks'  circuit.  In  six  months  his  health  broke  down,  and 
he  was  compelled  to  return  to  Minnesota,  where  he  was  variously 
occupied  until  1866.  He  then  removed  to  Evanston,  III.,  and  for  six 
months  was  associate-editor  of  the  "Little  Corporal,"  a  children's  paper. 
A  year  later  he  became  editor  of  the  "  Sunday-School  Teacher,"  in 
Chicago,  and  was  active  in  Sunday-school  work  until  1870,  when  he 
went  to  New  York  as  literary  editor  of  the  New  York  "Independent." 
He  succeeded  Theodore  Tilton  as  superintending  editor  of  that  paper, 
but  resigned  in  July,  1871,  to  become  editor  of  "Hearth  and  Home," 
which  position  he  held  for  more  than  a  year.  In  that  paper  he  first 
published,  serially,  his  story  of  "The  Hoosier  Schoolmaster,"  depicting 
early  life  in  Indiana.  It  became  immensely  popular,  and  has  been 
translated  into  various  foreign  languages.  It  was  followed  by  "End 
of  the  World,"  "Mystery  of  Metropolisville,"  "The  Circuit  Rider," 
"Roxy,"  "The  Hoosier  School  Boy,"  and  a  number  of  other  works. 
From  1874  until  1879  Mr.  Eggleston  was  pastor  of  a  Brooklyn  church, 
but  again  failing  health  compelled  him  to  retire,  and  he  has  since 
devoted  himself  to  literature. 

J98 


EDWARD  EGGLESTON, 

J99 


CHARLES   WILLIAM  ELIOT. 


TO  be  the  president  of  Harvard  College  is,  of  course,  about  the 
highest  honor  that  can  come  to  any  one  of  the  great  educators 
in  the  United  States.  It  may  be  fairly  said  that  at  the  present  time 
it  appertains  to  one  who  truly  deserves  such  fortune.  Charles  William 
Eliot  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  20,  1834.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  at  the  Boston  Latin  school,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1853.  In  the  following  year  he  was  appointed  tutor  in  mathematics 
and  studied  chemistry.  In  1858  he  was  made  assistant  professor  of 
mathematics  and  chemistry,  but  in  1861  taught  chemistry  in  the  Law- 
rence scientific  school.  In  1863  he  went  to  Europe  and  spent  two 
years  in  the  study  of  chemistry  and  in  an  examination  of  the  systems 
of  public  instruction  in  France,  Germany  and  England.  On  his  return 
in  1865  he  was  appointed  professor  of  analytical  chemistry  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  Mr.  Eliot  became  president  of 
Harvard  University  in  1869.  As  the  result  of  his  assumption  of  the 
direction  of  affairs.  Harvard  has  assumed  much  of  the  style  of  the 
more  famous  English  universities,  adopting  the  elective  system  and 
making  various  changes  in  its  curriculum.  President  Eliot  has  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Williams,  Princeton  and  Yale,  and  is  a 
member  of  a  great  number  of  learned  societies  of  the  country.  He  is 
a  fluent  and  forceful  speaker  on  public  occasions,  and  is  in  great 
demand  at  all  events  where  the  dignity  of  the  university  would  not  be 
lowered  by  his  presence.  Besides  "Chemistry  Memoirs,"  written  with 
Prof.  Frank  H.  Storer,  an  "Essay  on  Educational  Topics"  he  has 
published,  in  connection  with  Professor  Storer,  a  "Manual  of  Inorganic 
Chemistry "    and    a    "  Manual   of   Qualitative   Chemical   Analysis." 

200 


CHARLES  WILLIAM  ELIOT. 

201 


STEPHEN  BENTON  ELKINS. 


T VTELL-INFORMED,  daring,  shrewd,  and  typically  American  is 
VV  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  whose  name  in  the  public  mind  is  some- 
how associated  with  New  Mexico.  It  is  known  that  there  was  New 
Mexico  and  that  there  was  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  and  that  because  of 
him  New  Mexico,  somehow,  developed  faster.  He  was  born  in  Perry 
County,  Ohio,  September  26,  184 J.  His  family  removed  to  Missouri 
when  he  was  but  a  child.  He  received  an  ordinary  preliminary  educa- 
tion and  graduated  from  the  Missouri  University  in  1860.  He  studied 
law,  but  as  soon  as  the  Civil  war  began  entered  the  service  as  cap- 
tain of  the  Seventy-seventh  Missouri  regiment.  The  war  left  him  in 
New  Mexico,  where  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
engaged  at  once,  with  a  decided  speculative  instinct  which  is  in  him, 
in  mining  and  stock-raising,  and  became  rapidly  a  rich  man.  He 
became  interested  in  politics,  also,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  United  States  district  attorney,  and  then  a  delegate  to  Con- 
gress, a  strong  fighter  for  the  admission  of  New  Mexico  as  a  state. 
As  the  leading  representative  of  New  Mexico  he  acquired  national 
prominence  and  influence  in  party  councils.  He  was  a  strong  advo- 
cate of  Blaine  for  the  presidency.  He  was  Secretary  of  War  under 
Harrison,  and  is  today  an  important  factor  in  the  politics  of  the  Repub- 
lican party.  Of  late  Mr.  Elkins  has  devoted  attention  rather  to  his 
various  important  business  interests  than  to  politics,  but,  young  man  as 
he  is,  and  with  a  record  in  the  political  field  such  as  he  has  already 
made,  it  is  unlikely  that  his  will  not  be  a  future  voice  in  the  direc- 
tion of  governmental  affairs.  He  is  not  of  the  class  of  men  who  can 
retire  early  from  active  effort. 

202 


STEPHEN  BENTON  ELKINS. 

203 


WILLIAM  CROWNINSHIELD  ENDICOTT. 


ATYPICAL  living  and  forceful  representative  of  what  we  call  the 
**oId  New  England  families"  is  William  C.  Endicott.  He  is  a 
direct  descendant  of  Gov.  John  Endicott,  the  colonial  ruler  of  Massachu- 
setts, who  died  in  Boston  in  1665,  after  years  of  vigorous  and  often 
hasty-tempered  action,  and  who  was  certainly  a  Puritan  of  the  Puritans. 
He  is  a  grandson  of  that  Jacob  Crowninshield  who  was  prominent  as 
a  congressman,  and  who  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Navy  by 
President  Jefferson,  but  who  died  before  entering  upon  the  discharge  of 
his  duties.  Of  the  same  type  as  these  men  is  the  one  who  was 
Secretary  of  War  during  the  first  administration  of  President  Qeveland. 
He  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  November  J  9,  1827.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  J  847,  and  after  a  law  school  course  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1850.  He  rapidly  acquired  a  position  as  a  young  man  of 
judgment  and  ability,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Salem  common 
council  in  1852,  five  years  later  becoming  city  solicitor.  He  retired 
from  that  office  in  1864  and  resumed  practice,  but  in  1873  was 
appointed  to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  court  of  Massachusetts.  This 
office  he  held  for  ten  years,  resigning  at  the  end  of  that  time  on 
account  of  ill  health.  He  had  remained  something  of  a  figure  in  poli- 
tics. He  was  originally  a  Whig,  but  with  the  termination  of  that 
organization  became  a  Democrat,  and  was,  in  1884,  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  governor  of  Massachusetts.  In  1885  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Cleveland  Secretary  of  War  and  served  out  the  term  of 
office.  He  has  not  of  late  actively  engaged  in  Democratic  political 
affairs  in  his  state,  but  is  at  all  times  a  possibility  with  his  party  and 
a   recognized  leader  in  every  important  movement. 

204 


WILLIAM  CROWN  INSHIELD  ENDICOTT. 

205 


WILLIAM   MAXWELL   EVARTS. 


HAVING  followed  the  profession  of  the  law  for  more  than  fifty 
years,  and  during  that  period  left  an  indelible  impression  upon 
it  by  his  great  legal  learning  and  his  high  standing  as  a  practitioner, 
William  M.  Evarts,  of  New  York,  has  well  earned  the  rest  he  is  now 
enjoying.  He  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  February  6,  1818;  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1837,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  York  in  J 84 J. 
In  J  851,  while  assistant  district  attorney  in  New  York  City,  he  suc- 
cessfully conducted  the  prosecution  of  the  Cuban  filibusters  concerned  in 
the  Cleopatra  expedition.  His  able  and  successful  handling  of  other 
celebrated  cases,  some  of  them  of  a  national  character,  soon  earned  him 
a  wide  reputation.  In  the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1860  he 
proposed  the  name  of  William  H.  Seward  for  the  presidency.  In  1868 
President  Johnson  chose  him  as  chief  counsel  in  the  impeachment  trial, 
and  from  July  15,  1868,  until  the  close  of  Johnson's  administration  he 
was  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States.  He  acted  as  counsel  for 
the  United  States  before  the  tribunal  of  arbitration  on  the  Alabama 
claims  in  1872,  and  was  senior  counsel  for  Henry  Ward  Beecher  in 
the  famous  trial  of  1875.  In  1877  he  was  advocate  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  before  the  electoral  commission,  and  during  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Hayes  was  Secretary  of  State.  In  1881  he  went  to 
Paris  as  delegate  of  the  United  States  to  the  International  Monetary 
Conference,  and  from  1885  to  1891  he  was  United  States  senator  from 
New  York.  Many  of  his  public  addresses  have  already  taken  a  place 
among  the  great  orations  of  the  century,  notably  his  eulogy  on  Chief 
Justice  Chase  and  his  speech  at  the  unveiling  of  Bartholdi's  Statue  of 
Liberty. 


WILLIAM  MAXWELL  EVARTS. 

207 


JOHN   VILLARS   FARWELL. 


WHAT  energy,  industry  and  perseverance  will  accomplish  for  a 
young  man,  when  aided  by  good  habits  and  a  strict  adherence 
to  the  highest  rules  of  honor,  is  illustrated  in  the  life  of  that  success- 
ful merchant  and  moral  educator,  John  V.  Farwell,  of  Chicago.  Mr. 
Farwell  was  born  in  Campbelltown,  Steuben  County,  N.  Y.,  July  29, 
1825,  and  is  the  son  of  a  farmer.  He  removed  with  his  family  to 
Illinois  in  1838,  settling  in  Ogle  County,  and  in  1845  went  to  Chicago, 
without  a  dollar  in  his  pocket,  to  look  for  work.  His  first  employ- 
ment was  in  the  office  of  the  city  clerk.  Afterward  he  was  employed 
successively  in  the  dry  goods  houses  of  Hamilton  &  White,  Hamilton 
&  Day  and  Wadsworth  &  Phelps,  and  acquired  an  interest  in  the 
latter  firm  in  1850.  The  name  of  the  firm  was  changed  in  I860  to 
Cooley,  Farwell  &  Co.,  of  which  Marshall  Field  and  L.  Z.  Leiter 
were  subsequently  members.  In  1865  the  firm  became  J.  V.  Farwell 
&  Co.,  and  so  continued  until  1891,  when  it  was  incorporated  under 
its  present  name  of  The  J.  V.  Farwell  Company.  Mr.  Farwell  has 
always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  religious  matters.  He  was  practically 
the  founder  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  in  Chicago, 
which  now  owns  one  of  the  handsomest  buildings  in  the  city,  and 
aided  D.  L.  Moody,  the  evangelist,  in  the  establishment  of  the  Illinois 
State  Mission,  of  which  he  was  president  for  ten  years.  He  has  also 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Chicago  branch  of  the  United  States  Chris- 
tian Commission.  In  connection  with  others  he  formed  a  syndicate 
which  built  the  Texas  State  House,  and  which  was  conceded  for  the 
work  three  million  acres  of  land  in  that  state.  He  is  one  of  the  rec- 
ognized  greatest   business   men   of   the   great   central  city  of   the  continent. 


JOHN  VILLARS  FARWELL. 

209 


EDGAR  FAWCETT. 


GATHERING  much  of  the  material  for  his  novels  from  the  lower 
stratas  of  society,  Edgar  Fawcett  has  probably  done  as  much  as 
any  other  living  writer  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  thinking  people  the 
inconsistencies  and  weaknesses  of  the  social  system  as  it  exists  in  this 
boasted  nineteenth  century.  At  the  same  time  he  has  gained  for  him- 
self a  high  reputation  as  a  clever  and  realistic  novelist,  and  as  a  poet. 
Mr.  Fawcett  was  born  in  New  York  City,  May  26,  1847.  He  was 
graduated  at  Columbia  College  in  1867,  and  has  since  devoted  himself 
to  literature,  writing  novels,  poems,  essays  and  magazine  articles,  many 
of  which  have  attracted  general  attention  and  caused  much  discussion. 
His  books  include  "Short  Poems  for  Short  People,"  "Purple  and  Fine 
Linen,"  "Ellen  Story,"  "Poems  of  Fantasy  and  Passion,"  "A  Hope- 
less Case,"  "A  Gentleman  of  Leisure,"  "An  Ambitious  Woman," 
"  Song  and  Story,"  "  Tinkling  Cymbals,"  "  The  Adventures  of  a 
Widow,"  "Rutherford,"  "The  Bunting  Ball,"  "The  New  King  Arthur," 
"Social  Silhouettes,"  "Romance  and  Revery,"  "The  House  at  High 
Bridge,"  "  Douglas  Duane,"  "  A  Man's  Will,"  "  Olivia  Delaplaine," 
"Divided  Lives,"  "A  Demoralizing  Marriage,"  "Agnosticism  and  Other 
Essays,"  "Miriam  Balestier,"  "  Solarion,"  "The  Evil  that  Men  Do," 
"Fabian  Dimitry,"  and  "A  Daughter  of  Silence."  Mr.  Fawcett  has 
also  been  successful  as  a  playwright.  His  stories  are  unique  in  style, 
cleverly  planned  and  as  cleverly  worked  out,  full  of  picturesque  descrip- 
tions, thrilling  incidents  and  interesting  situations,  and  often  with  a 
weird  and  fantastic  thread  running  through  them.  His  poems  are 
artistic,  and  at  times  exceedingly  felicitous  in  form  and  pregnant  with 
deep   and   tender   meanings. 


EDGAR  FAWCETT. 


KATE  FIELD. 


VARIED  accomplishments,  kept  constantly  under  the  lash  of  persist- 
ent energy  and  hard  work,  have  made  Miss  Kate  Field  one  of  the 
best  known  women  in  America.  She  lives  in  Washington,  but  would 
be  equally  at  home  in  Chicago,  New  York,  London,  San  Francisco,  or 
Paris.  Born  in  St.  Louis  and  educated  in  Boston  and  Italy,  she  has 
since  been  all  over  the  world,  and  is  essentially  cosmopolitan.  After 
receiving  a  classical  education  Miss  Field  gave  special  attention  to 
musical  studies,  and  made  several  prolonged  visits  to  Europe.  During 
her  stay  abroad  she  became  a  correspondent  of  the  New  York  **  Trib- 
une," the  Philadelphia  "Press,"  and  the  Chicago  "Tribune,"  and 
also  furnished  sketches  for  periodicals.  In  1874  she  appeared  as  an 
actress  at  Booth's  Theater,  New  York,  and  proved  herself  to  be  pos- 
sessed of  considerable  dramatic  talent.  Later,  however,  she  left  the 
stage,  and  has  since  devoted  herself  to  lecturing  and  to  journalism,  the 
two  occupations  in  which  she  has  achieved  her  greatest  success. 
Among  her  published  works  are  " Planchette's  Diary,"  "Adelaide  Ris- 
tori,"  "  Mad  on  Purpose "  ( a  comedy ),  "  Pen  Photographs  from  Charles 
Dickens'  Readings,"  " Hap-Hazard,"  "Ten  Days  in  Spain"  and  "His- 
tory of  Bell's  Telephone."  She  founded  "The  National  Review"  sev- 
eral years  ago,  and  is  the  founder  and  editor  of  "Kate  Field's  Wash- 
ington," the  only  periodical  in  the  world  bearing  a  woman's  name 
Miss  Field  claims  that  whatever  she  may  be  is  due  to  heredity,  as  her 
father,  Joseph  M.  Field,  was  a  brilliant  and  versatile  man,  and  her 
mother,  Eliza  Lapsley  Riddle,  of  Philadelphia,  one  of  the  most  charm- 
ing actresses  of  her  day.  At  any  rate,  she  has  built  a  lasting  monu- 
ment  for   herself   as  a   journalist,   author,   editor   and   orator. 

212 


KATE  FIELD. 

2J3 


DAVID  ROWLAND  FRANQS. 


THE  state  of  Missouri  has  had  a  long  line  of  distinguished  gov- 
ernors, but  never  one  who  so  quickly  gained  a  national  reputa- 
tion for  broad  statesmanship  as  David  R.  Francis.  He  is  today  one 
of  the  most  popular  Democrats  of  the  country,  and  is  destined  to  receive 
higher  honors  than  any  that  have  yet  been  bestowed  upon  him.  Ex- 
Governor  Francis  was  born  in  Richmond,  Madison  County,  Ky.,  Octo- 
ber I,  1850,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  went  to  St.  Louis,  where  he 
graduated  at  the  Washington  University,  in  1870.  He  entered  mercan- 
tile life,  and  eventually  became  one  of  the  leading  grain  merchants  of 
the  city,  rising  to  the  honorable  position  of  president  of  the  Merchants' 
Exchange,  in  1883.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic 
Convention  in  1884,  and  his  voice  was  heard  in  able  advocacy  of 
Cleveland  and  Hendricks,  at  Chicago.  In  1885  he  was  nominated  for 
mayor  of  St.  Louis,  and  triumphantly  elected  over  his  Republican  oppo- 
nent, who,  four  years  before,  had  received  a  majority  of  fourteen  thou- 
sand votes.  Mr.  Francis  became  so  popular  as  mayor  that  when  he 
was  nominated  for  governor  in  1888,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  no  candi- 
date for  that  office  ever  had  a  more  enthusiastic  following.  He  was 
elected  and  gave  the  state  one  of  the  ablest  administrations  it  has  ever 
had.  A  warm  personal  friend  of  President  Cleveland,  it  is  commonly 
believed  in  high  political  circles  that  Mr.  Francis  could  have  been  a 
member  of  President  Cleveland's  Cabinet,  had  he  so  desired.  The 
prediction  is  frequently  and  confidently  made  that  at  an  early  date  he 
will  represent  Missouri  in  the  United  States  Senate,  and  certainly,  with 
his  capabilities  and  popularity,  there  is  nothing  preposterous  in  placing 
the   goal   of  his   future   advancement   at   even   a   higher   altitude. 


^ 


DAVID  ROWLAND  FRANCIS, 

215 


STEPHEN  JOHNSON  FIELD. 


ONE  of  the  most  eminent  of  American  jurists,  and  a  member  of  a 
distinguished  family,  is  the  senior  Associate  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court,  Stephen  Johnson  Field.  He  was  born  in  Had- 
dam,  Conn.,  November  4,  1816,  and  removed  with  his  family  in  1819 
to  Stockbridge,  Mass.  In  1829  he  accompanied  his  sister  to  Asia 
Minor,  her  husband,  Rev.  Josiah  Brewer,  having  undertaken  an  educa- 
tional mission  to  the  Greeks,  and  remained  abroad  two  and  a  half 
years.  He  graduated  at  Williams  College  in  1837,  after  which  he 
studied  law,  and  was  for  seven  years  the  partner  of  his  brother,  David 
Dudley  Field.  In  1848  he  traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  and  upon 
his  return  went  to  California,  finally  settling  in  Marysville  in  1850,  and 
was  elected  first  alcalde  of  that  city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  sec- 
ond Legislature  of  California,  and  while  serving  on  the  judiciary  com- 
mittee framed  the  laws  creating  the  judicial  system  of  the  state.  He 
became  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  California  in  1857,  and  chief 
justice  two  years  later.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  by  President  Lin- 
coln Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  which  posi- 
tion he  still  holds.  He  was  a  member  of  the  electoral  commission  of 
1876,  and  voted  with  the  Democratic  minority.  In  1880  he  was'  a 
candidate  for  the  presidential  nomination  before  the  Democratic  conven- 
tion and  received  sixty-five  votes.  Williams  College  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  in  1866.  In  1889  a  vicious  assault  was 
made  upon  Justice  Field  in  a  California  hotel  by  Judge  Terry,  a  noted 
lawyer  of  that  state,  and  the  latter  was  killed  by  a  United  States 
marshal  named  Nagle,  who  had  been  deputed  to  protect  Justice  Field. 
Justice  Field  is  still  hale  and  vigorous. 


STEPHEN  JOHNSON  FIELD. 

217 


JOHN  FISKE. 


AMONG  the  deep  thinkers  of  the  day  John  Fiske  occupies  a  con- 
spicuous place.  He  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  March  30, 
J  842.  He  received  a  thorough  education,  his  father  being  a  v/ell- 
known  editor,  and  graduated  at  Harvard,  and  afterward  at  the  Harvard 
Law  School,  but  did  not  engage  in  the  practice  of  hJs  nominal  profes- 
sion. He  became,  almost  at  once,  a  writer  whose  work  was  such  as 
to  attract  attention  from  the  thinking  world.  He  wrote  about  this 
time  an  article  on  "Mr.  Buckle's  Fallacies,"  which  appeared  in  the 
"National  Quarterly  Review,"  and  which  was,  perhaps,  the  first  of  his 
contributions  to  the  press  to  attract  general  attention.  In  1869  he  was 
appointed  Lecturer  of  Philosophy  in  Harvard.  Since  1881  he  has  been 
Lecturer  on  American  History  in  the  Washington  University,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  has  been  a  m.ost  prolific  writer,  and  one  the  character  of 
whose  works  has  attracted  the  attention  of  the  great  thinkers  of  the 
world.  Among  what  Professor  Fiske  has  written  may  be  included 
"Tobacco  and  Alcohol,"  "Myths  and  Myth-makers,"  "Outlines  of  Cos- 
mic Philosophy  Based  on  the  Doctrines  of  Evolution,"  "  The  Unseen 
World,"  "Darwinism"  and  Other  Essays,  "Excursions  of  an  Evolution- 
ist," "The  Destiny  of  Man  Viewed  in  the  Light  of  His  Origin,"  "The 
Idea  of  God  as  Affected  by  Modern  Knowledge "  and  "  The  American 
Political  Idea  Viewed  from  the  Standpoint  of  Universal  History."  Pro- 
fessor Fiske  is  now  engaged  upon  a  work  of  magnitude,  to  be  entitled 
"The  History  of  the  American  People."  It  may  be  said  of  him  that 
he  ranks  high  in  this  country  among  the  small  group  who  correspond 
to  the  great  scientists  abroad,  such  as  Darwin,  Huxley,  Tyndall,  and 
others   of  their   class. 

2)8 


ROSWELL  PETTABONE  FLOWER. 


SOME  men  overcome  obstacles  and  acfiieve  success  by  sheer  per- 
sistency of  will,  aided  by  tact  and  good  judgment.  Of  such  is 
Roswell  P.  Flower,  governor  of  New  York,  who  began  life  as  a 
poor  boy,  and  by  the  most  stubborn  perseverance  and  determination 
gained  both  wealth  and  distinction.  Governor  Flower  was  born  in 
Theresa,  Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.,  August  7,  1835,  and  is  the  descend- 
ant of  an  Englishman  who  emigrated  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1686. 
He  lost  his  father  when  eight  years  old,  and  a  few  years  later  left 
school,  to  assist  in  the  support  of  the  family.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  became  a  clerk  in  a  store,  but  subsequently  received  a  high-school 
education.  After  working  in  a  brick  yard  and  as  a  postoffice  clerk, 
he  was  for  ten  years  a  jeweler,  and  learned  that  trade  thoroughly,  but 
eventually  decided  that  it  did  not  offer  the  rapid  transit  to  fortune 
which  his  restless  ambition  craved.  He  then  became  a  broker  in  New 
York  City,  and  from  that  time  his  rise  was  rapid.  Success  attended 
his  operations,  and  he  soon  became  a  prominent  figure  in  Wall  street. 
He  also  took  an  active  interest  in  politics,  with  the  result  that  in  1 88 1 
he  became  a  member  of  Congress,  having  been  elected  as  a  Democrat 
over  William  W.  Astor.  In  1886  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  elec- 
tric sub- way  commissioners  in  New  York  City.  In  1888  he  was 
again  elected  to  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  in  1890,  serving  on  vari- 
ous important  committees,  including  the  committee  on  ways  and  means 
and  the  committee  on  the  quadro-centennial  celebration.  In  1892  he 
was  elected  governor  of  New  York.  He  was  succeeded  in  office  by 
Levi  P.  Morton.  Governor  Flower  gave  $50,000  for  the  erection  of 
the  St.   Thomas  Home  in  New    York. 

220 


ROSWELL  PETTABONE  FLOWER. 

22  J 


JOSEPH  BENSON  FORAKER. 


A  STRIKING  figure  anywhere  would  be  the  brilliant  and  aggress- 
ive ex-governor  of  Ohio,  but  especially  attractive  of  attention  is 
he  as  the  leader  of  the  younger  element  of  the  Republican  party  in 
Ohio.  He  was  bom  near  Rainsborough  in  the  state  named,  July  5, 
1846,  and  worked  on  a  farm  in  his  boyhood.  When  sixteen  years 
old  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighty-ninth  Ohio  regiment  and  served  in  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  until  the  end  of  the  war.  He  was  made 
sergeant  in  1862.  After  the  war  he  spent  two  years  at  Wesleyan 
University  and  later  entered  Gjrnell,  where  he  graduated  in  1869.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  year  and  practiced  in  Cincinnati. 
In  1879  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Superior  court  in  Cincinnati,  sub- 
sequently resigning  the  office  because  of  ill  health.  Meantime  he  had 
attained  popularity  with  his  party  as  a  brilliant  and  capable  leader  and 
became  the  Republican  candidate  for  governor  in  1883,  making  a  splen- 
did canvass  though  not  a  successful  one.  In  1885  he  was  again  a 
candidate  and  was  this  time  elected.  In  1887  he  was  again  elected 
and  became  decidedly  the  head  of  the  most  vigorous  and  aggressive 
element  of  his  party  in  Ohio.  In  1889  he  was  defeated  by  James  E. 
Campbell,  the  Democratic  candidate,  but  remained  a  potent  force  in  the 
councils  of  his  party,  and  has  been  a  prominent  figure  in  its  national 
conventions.  Still  young  in  years,  with  a  national  reputation  and  rec- 
ognized as  a  man  of  great  force,  and  one  possessing  the  qualities  of  a 
natural  leader  of  men,  the  future  of  the  Ohio  ex-governor  is  one  of 
vast  possibilities.  In  1896  he  was  elected  Senator  to  succeed  Calvin  S. 
Brice,  and  certainly  few  men  are  better  fitted  to  wear  the  toga  than 
Ex-Governor   Foraker. 

222 


JOSEPH  BENSON  FORAKER. 

223 


J.  ELLEN  HORTON  FOSTER. 


POSSIBLY  no  other  woman,  unless  it  may  be  Mrs.  Lease,  of  Kan- 
sas, exercises  the  direct  influence  upon  politics  that  Mrs.  J.  Ellen 
Foster,  of  Iowa,  does.  She  is  a  striking  figure  in  her  field,  even 
more  so  because  she  is  not  absolutely  controlled  by  some  ism,  but 
thinks  for  herself  and  acts  accordingly.  She  has  been  an  important 
factor  in  more  than  one  state  election.  She  was  born  in  Lowell, 
Mass.,  November  3,  J  840,  and  is  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Jotham  Hor- 
ton,  a  Methodist  preacher.  She  was  educated  in  Lima,  N.  Y.,  and 
moved  to  Clinton,  la.,  where,  in  1869,  she  became  the  wife  of  D.  E. 
Foster,  a  lawyer.  She  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice, 
engaged  in  a  business  at  first  alone,  eventually  joining  with  her  hus- 
band. Eventually  she  engaged  in  the  temperance  movement,  in  which 
she  soon  became  a  prominent  figure.  As  superintendent  of  the  legis- 
lative department  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  she  acquired  a  national  reputa- 
tion. In  1887  she  visited  England,  where  she  made  a  study  of  the 
temperance  question,  and  where,  in  England,  she  addressed  great  audi- 
ences. In  the  United  States  she  has  always  been  independent  as  to 
what  should  be  the  best  course  to  pursue  in  temperance  movements  as 
to  making  connection  with  any  of  the  great  political  bodies.  As  a 
result  she  has  not  always  been  in  the  closest  affiliation  with  her  own 
organization,  but  has,  none  the  less,  become  a  power  politically,  and 
has,  perhaps,  done  as  effective  work  toward  general  temperance  as  any 
woman  in  the  world,  though  the  lines  upon  which  she  has  worked 
have  not  been  such  as  the  leaders  of  the  W,  C.  T.  U.  have  always 
agreed  upon.  She  has  been  broader,  however,  and  has  had  the  cour- 
age of  her   convictions.      She  is  a  remarkable   woman. 


J.  ELLEN  HORTON  FOSTER. 

225 


MARSHALL  FIELD. 


OF  the  great  merchant  princes  of  America  there  is  none  who  stands 
so  close  to  the  people,  by  reason  of  his  being  one  of  them,  as 
Marshall  Field,  of  Chicago.  A  man  of  slender  build,  of  modest  yet 
impressive  demeanor,  he  carries  his  business  responsibilities  as  gracefully 
as  he  does  his  years,  never  permitting  them  to  affect  in  the  slightest 
degree  his  kindly,  sympathetic  nature.  The  greatest  merchant  in  the 
world  was  born  in  Conway,  Mass.,  in  1835.  His  father  was  a 
farmer.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1856  and  obtained  employment  in 
the  wholesale  dry-goods  house  of  Cooley,  Wadswcrth  &  Co.,  afterward 
Cooley,  Farwell  &  Co.,  and  now  the  John  V.  Farwell  Company.  He 
was  given  an  interest  in  the  concern  in  J  860,  but  in  1865  both  Mr. 
Field  and  L.  Z.  Leiter  withdrew  from  the  house  to  join  Potter  Palmer 
in  organizing  the  firm  of  Field,  Palmer  &  Leiter.  When  Mr.  Palmer 
dropped  out,  in  J  867,  the  firm  became  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.,  and  since 
Mr.  Leiter's  retirement  in  1 88  J  the  house  has  been  known  by  its  pres- 
ent name  of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  It  is  the  greatest  mercantile  estab- 
lishment in  the  world,  having  branches  in  Paris,  Manchester,  Yoko- 
hama and  other  foreign  centers,  and  carrying  on  a  business  amounting 
to  over  forty  million  dollars  a  year.  Marshall  Field's  rule  is  to  never 
borrow,  never  give  a  note,  never  to  speculate  in  stocks,  and  to  buy 
for  cash.  His  charity  seems  to  be  boundless,  and  is  never  ostenta- 
tious. His  gifts  have  been  bestowed  with  discretion  and  public  spirit. 
He  gave  one  million  dollars  to  the  Columbian  Museum  fund,  was  a 
large  contributor  to  the  Chicago  University,  and  is  a  liberal  patron  of 
many  public  institutions  of  a  charitable  and  educational  character.  His 
career   has   been   marked   by   a   strict   business   policy. 

226 


MARSHALL  FIELD. 

227 


ALICE  FRENCH. 


NO  author  of  the  present  generation  has  more  thoroughly  mastered 
the  art  of  writing  short  stories  than  has  Miss  Alice  French. 
Her  pen  name  of  "Octave  Thanet"  is  associated  in  the  minds  of  all 
readers  of  current  literature  with  many  clever  achievements  in  this  line, 
and  her  sparkling  style  and  exquisite  humor  have  placed  her  in  the 
front  rank  of  magazine  contributors.  Miss  French  was  bom  in  Ando- 
ver,  Mass.,  March  19,  1850,  and  on  both  sides  of  the  house  is 
descended  from  the  Puritans.  She  was  educated  in  New  England  and 
goes  there  every  summer,  although  for  many  years  her  home  has  been 
in  Davenport,  Iowa.  She  began  to  write  shortly  after  her  graduation 
at  Abbot  Academy,  Andover,  but  took  the  advice  of  the  editors  and 
waited  several  years  before  venturing  into  print.  Then  she  sent  "A 
Communist's  Wife"  to  the  Harper's,  who  declined  it,  and  afterward 
sent  it  to  the  Lippincott's,  who  accepted  it.  Since  that  time  she  has 
always  found  a  place  for  her  productions.  Among  her  stories  that 
have  been  issued  in  book  form  may  be  mentioned  "Knitters  in  the 
Sun,"  "Otto  the  Knight,"  "Expiation,"  "We  All,"  and  "Stories  of  a 
Western  Town."  She  has  also  edited  "The  Best  Letters  of  Lady 
Mary  Montagu."  Personally,  Miss  French  is  a  sociable,  chatty,  and 
altogether  womanly  woman,  as  sparkling  and  vivacious  in  conversation 
as  she  is  in  her  writings.  She  is  interested  in  historical  studies  and 
the  German  philosophers,  has  a  fad  for  collecting  china,  likes  all  out- 
door sports,  and  prides  herself  on  her  cooking.  Miss  French  spends 
her  winters  at  Clover  Bend,  Ark.,  where  she  has  a  delightful  and  cosy 
retreat,  and  where  the  greater  portion  of  her  literary  work  is  done.  She 
has   i  wide  circle  of  friends  and  admirers. 

228 


%?• 


■^-^m 


J 


ALICE  FRENCH. 

229 


HAMLIN  GARLAND. 


AN  ultra  advocate  of  the  realistic  is  Hamlin  Garland,  prominent 
among  the  western  writers  of  the  new  school  who  are  pho- 
tographing the  fervid  life  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  photographing  it 
faithfully,  with  its  bare  spots  and  those  more  luxuriant.  He  has  brains 
and  the  writer's  gift,  and  above  all  he  is  earnest  and  persistent.  He 
is  in  the  field  of  literature  in  which  he  should  properly  be  found  He 
was  born  in  1860  in  the  La  Crosse  valley,  Wisconsin,  and  lived  the 
life  of  the  usual  Wisconsin  boy  of  the  time.  A  very  good  life  for  a 
boy,  that  was,  too.  When  he  was  seven  years  of  age  his  family 
moved  to  Iowa  and  there  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  learned  the  life 
of  the  prairies,  how  to  ride  a  horse  and  herd  cattle,  how  to  do  all  a 
prairie  farmer  does,  what  the  prairie  farmer  endures  and  what  he 
enjoys,  all  of  which  shows  in  his  stories.  In  1883  he  went  to  Dakota 
with  the  "boomers,"  and  from  there  he  went  to  Boston,  where  he 
taught  private  classes  in  English  and  American  literature  for  some  years. 
Of  late  he  has  devoted  himself  entirely  to  literature  and  the  lecture 
platform.  He  has  published  six  volumes  of  stories  of  western  life,  one 
volume  of  "  Prairie  Songs "  and  one  volume  of  essays  "  Crumbling 
Idols."  He  makes  his  headquarters  in  Chicago,  but  his  summer  home 
is  with  his  parents,  in  West  Salem,  Wis.  Among  his  works  "Main 
Traveled  Roads"  is  easily  the  volume  which  has  been  most  striking 
and  has  given  him  most  prominence.  Still  a  young  man,  Mr.  Gar- 
land has  a  splendid  literary  future  before  him.  If  not  as  the  greatest 
of  western  novelists  he  will  at  least  retain  prominence  as  the  essayist 
and  lecturer,  for  in  each  field  he  is  strong.  But  where  the  maximum 
of  his  powers   will   most   develop   is   still   uncertain. 


HAMLIN  GARLAND. 

23J 


HENRY  GEORGE. 


IN  these  days,  when  people  have  learned  to  accept  as  a  matter  of 
course  the  existing  laws  and  customs  governing  the  organization  of 
society,  and  to  conform  to  them  without  question,  the  social  reformer 
fmds  his  task  no  easy  one.  Among  the  political  economists  of  the 
present  day  Henry  George  takes  high  rank  as  an  advanced  thinker, 
and  has  a  following  that  increases  in  numbers  every  year.  Mr. 
George  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  September  2,  1839.  In  his  boyhood 
he  went  to  sea  as  an  apprentice  on  a  sailing  vessel,  and  in  1858  he 
reached  California,  where  he  became  a  journalist,  and  where  he  eventu- 
ally wrote  his  first  two  books,  "Our  Land  and  Land  Policy,"  and 
"Progress  and  Poverty."  In  1880  he  removed  to  T^ew  York,  and  has 
since  been  chiefly  known  by  his  writings  and  addresses  on  economic 
subjects.  In  these  he  traces  the  social  evils  of  our  time  to  the  treat- 
ment of  land  as  subject  to  complete  individual  ownership,  and  con- 
tends that  while  the  secure  possession  of  land  should  be  accorded  to 
the  individual  it  should  be  subject  to  the  payment  to  the  com^munity 
of  land  values  proper,  or  economic  rent.  This  theory,  known  as  the 
"Single  Tax,"  aims  at  abolishing  all  taxes  for  raising  revenue  except 
a  tax  on  the  value  of  land,  irrespective  of  improvement.  His  later 
books  are:  "Irish  Land  Question,"  "Social  Problems,"  "Property  in 
Land,"  "Protection  or  Free  Trade,"  "The  Condition  of  Labor,"  and 
"A  Perplexed  Philosopher."  Mr.  George  has  lectured  extensively  in 
this  country,  Europe  and  Australia,  and  between  1887  and  1890  pub- 
lished "The  Standard,"  a  weekly  single-tax  paper.  In  1886  he  was 
a  candidate  for  the  mayoralty  of  New  York  on  a  labor  ticket,  receiv- 
ing sixty -eight  thousand  votes. 

232 


HENRY  GEORGE. 
233 


PARKE   GODWIN. 


KEEN  political  foresight,  combined  with  legal  knowledge,  literary 
ability  and  a  remarkable  intellectual  grasp,  has  made  the  name 
of  Parke  Godwin  familiar  to  the  ears  of  all  educated  people  in  this 
country.  As  a  writer  on  topics  pertaining  to  governmental  reforms,  he 
is  especially  well  known.  Parke  Godwin  was  born  in  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  February  25,  1816.  He  was  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
J  834,  after  which  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Kentucky,  but  did  not  practice.  He  married  the  eldest  daughter  of 
William  Cullen  Bryant,  the  poet-editor,  and  from  1837  until  J  853,  with 
the  exception  of  one  year,  was  connected  with  the  New  York  "Even- 
ing Post."  In  1843  he  issued  the  "Pathfinder,"  a  weekly  paper,  which 
was  suspended  after  three  months.  He  contributed  many  articles  to 
the  "Democratic  Review,"  in  which  he  advocated  reforms  that  were 
subsequently  introduced  into  the  constitution  and  code  of  New  York. 
He  was  also  editor  of  "Putnam's  Monthly,"  to  which  he  contributed 
many  literary  and  political  articles,  afterward  published  in  book  form 
under  the  title,  "Political  Essays."  In  J 865  he  again  became  con- 
nected with  the  "Evening  Post."  During  the  administration  of  Presi- 
dent Polk  he  was  deputy  collector  of  New  York,  but  he  subsequently 
joined  the  Republican  party  and  supported  it  by  his  speeches  and  writ- 
ings. He  is  the  author  of  "Popular  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  Charles 
Fourier,"  "Constructive  Democracy,"  "Vala,  a  Mythological  Tale," 
"Cyclopaedia  of  Biography,"  "History  of  France,"  "Out  of  the  Past," 
a  volume  of  essays,  and  has  also  edited  an  edition  of  William  Cullen 
Bryant's  prose  and  poetical  writings,  in  six  volumes.  Mr.  Godwin's 
opinions    are   much    sought    on   political   and   literary   questions. 

234 


't%M^:'.^ 


PARKE  GODWIN. 

235 


ARTHUR  PUE   GORMAN. 


ONE  of  the  most  outspoken  of  men,  with  apparently  no  conceal- 
ments or  reserves,  and  with  abilities  that  eminently  fit  him  for 
the  high  position  in  which  his  party  has  placed  him,  Senator  Arthur 
P.  Gorman,  of  Maryland,  is  regarded  as  a  model  of  candor  and  hon- 
esty in  the  upper  branch  of  Congress,  where  for  a  number  of  years 
he  has  represented  his  state  as  a  conservative  Democrat.  Senator  Gor- 
man was  born  in  Howard  County,  Maryland,  March  U,  1839.  He 
received  a  public  school  education,  and  in  1852  became  a  page  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  where  he  remained  until  1866,  at  which  time  he 
was  the  Senate  postmaster.  On  September  1  of  that  year  he  was 
appointed  collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  Fifth  district  of  Maryland, 
which  office  he  held  until  March,  1869.  Three  months  later  he  was 
made  a  director  in  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  Company,  of  which 
he  became  president  in  1872.  In  November,  1869,  he  was  elected  to 
the  Maryland  Legislature  as  a  Democrat,  re-elected  in  1871,  and  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House  during  the  ensuing  session.  He  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1875,  and  served  four  years.  In  1880  he  was 
chosen  to  represent  the  state  in  the  United  States  Senate,  succeeding 
William  Pinkney  Whyte,  and  was  re-elected  in  1886  and  1892.  His 
term  of  service  will  expire  in  1899.  In  the  Senate,  Mr.  Gorman 
wields  a  powerful  influence.  He  is  eloquent  and  forcible  in  debate, 
and  his  remarks  always  receive  the  closest  attention.  When  a  compli- 
cated or  momentous  question  is  under  discussion,  it  is  usually  the 
speech  of  Senator  Gorman  that  clears  the  atmosphere  like  a  thunder- 
shower  at  the  close  of  a  sultry  day,  pointing  the  way  to  a  solution 
of  the   problem. 


ARTHUR  PUE  GORMAN. 
237 


ELISHA   GRAY. 


LABORERS  in  the  field  of  electrical  science  do  not  often  rise  to  the 
position  attained  by  Prof.  Elisha  Gray  in  the  development  of  that 
science.  His  works  have  made  an  impression  scarcely  less  important 
than  that  of  any  other  whose  name  might  be  mentioned.  Professor 
Gray  was  born  at  Barnesville,  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  August  2,  J  835. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  went  to  Oberlin  College,  where  he  stud- 
ied for  five  years.  It  was  not  until  his  thirtieth  year  that  he  first 
turned  his  attention  to  electrical  mechanism,  with  which  he  soon  became 
fascinated.  His  first  invention  of  practical  importance  was  that  of  the 
needK'  annunciator  for  hotels,  which  was  invented  in  1870  and  perfected 
in  J 8/ 2.  This  was  followed  by  the  electrical  annunciator  for  elevators, 
and  laxtr  by  the  private  telegraph  line  printer,  so  well  known  to  this 
day.  From  1873  to  1875  his  attention  was  largely  absorbed  in  devel- 
oping a  system  of  electro-harmonic  telegraphy  for  the  transmission  of 
sounds  over  telegraph  wires.  On  February  14,  1876,  he  filed  at 
Washington  a  caveat  for  ''Art  of  transmitting  vocal  sounds  telegraph- 
ically." But  Prof.  A.  Graham  Bell,  though  probably  anticipated  in 
point  of  time  by  the  caveat  of  Professor  Gray,  was  granted  a  broad 
patent  for  speaking  telephones,  March  8,  1876,  and  sixteen  years  of 
litigation  failed  to  deprive  him  of  the  credit  as  the  inventor.  Professor 
Giay's  latest  invention  is  the  telautograph,  for  the  transmission  of  writ- 
ten language  in  fac-simile.  He  resides  at  Highland  Park,  near  Chicago, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  affable  and  genial  of  men.  In  his  profession 
he  is  universally  esteemed,  both  as  a  man  and  as  a  scientist  and 
inventor  of  the  highest  rank.  The  w^orld  owes  him  much  for  his 
valuab'"   discoveries. 

238 


ELISHA  GRAY. 

239 


GALUSHA  AARON   GROW. 


RENOWNED  as  a  fearless  and  patriotic  statesman  during  a  critical 
period  of  the  country's  history — modestly  retiring  at  the  end  of 
that  period,  only  to  be  taken  up  thirty  years  after  and  elected  to  Con- 
gress by  an  unprecedented  majority— such  is  the  record  of  Galusha  A. 
Grow,  of  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Grow  was  bom  in  Ashford  ( now  East- 
ford),  Windham  County,  Conn.,  August  3 J,  1824,  but  when  ten  years 
old  removed  with  his  family  to  Susquehanna  County,  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  graduated  at  Amherst  in  1844,  after  which  he  studied  law 
and  practiced  at  Towanda  until  1850,  when  his  health  failed  and  he 
became  a  farmer.  In  that  year  he  declined  a  unanimous  nomination 
for  the  Legislature,  but  was  soon  after  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Dem- 
ocrat and  served  for  twelve  successive  years,  although  in  the  mean 
time  severing  his  connection  with  the  Democratic  party  on  the  repeal 
of  the  Missouri  compromise  bill.  His  period  of  service  was  distin- 
guished by  much  important  legislation.  His  first  speech  was  delivered 
upon  the  Homestead  bill,  a  measure  which  he  continued  to  urge  at 
every  Congress  for  ten  years,  when  he  had  at  last  the  satisfaction  of 
signing  the  law  as  Speaker  of  the  House.  He  served  as  Speaker 
from  July  4,  1861,  until  March  4,  1863,  when,  upon  retiring,  he  was 
given  a  unanimous  vote  of  thanks,  a  most  unusual  proceeding.  Mr. 
Grow  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  conventions  of  1864 
and  1868.  In  1871  he  settled  in  Houston,  Tex.,  as  president  of  the 
International  and  Great  Northern  railroad,  but  returned  to  Pennsylvania 
in  1875,  and  in  1876  declined  a  mission  to  Russia.  In  1894  he  was 
elected  Congressman-at-Iarge  to  succeed  William  Lilly,  deceased,  receiv- 
ing  the   astonishing  plurality  of    188,294  votes  over  his  strongest  opponent. 

240 


GALUSHA  AARON  GROW. 

241 


GERTRUDE   ATHERTON. 


TO  be  intensely  natural,  yet  to  impart  to  her  creations  a  touch  of 
ideality  which  may  often  be  invisible  in  real  life,  although  exist- 
ing in  an  imperfect  medium,  is  one  of  the  literary  principles  of  that 
delightful  writer  of  California  stories,  Mrs.  Gertrude  Atherton.  Of  her 
favorite  field— California  before  the  American  occupation  Mrs.  Atherton 
has  -nade  an  exhaustive  study,  living  in  the  old  tov/ns  with  the  rem 
nants  of  the  race  of  which  she  writes,  and  storing  up  knowledge  of 
their  customs  and  traditions.  She  was  born  on  Rincon  Hill,  San 
Francisco,  and  was  educated  by  her  grandfather,  Stephen  Franklin,  who 
was  a  nephew  of  Benjamin  Franklin.  Her  father  was  Thomas  L. 
Horn,  one  of  the  original  Vigilance  Committee.  As  a  child  she  com- 
posed stories,  and  at  fifteen  she  wrote  a  play  which  was  acted  by 
schoolmates  at  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Benicia,  Cal.  Her  education  was 
completed  at  Sayre  Institute,  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  soon  thereafter  she 
was  married  to  George  H.  B.  Atherton,  of  California.  She  continued 
her  persistent  pursuit  of  knowledge,  however,  with  an  ambition  to  one 
day  take  a  place  in  American  literature.  Her  first  published  story, 
"The  Randolphs  of  Redwoods,"  appeared  in  the  San  Francisco  "Argo- 
naut." But  her  best  work  is  in  her  stories  of  old  California,  "The 
Doomswoman "  and  the  eleven  shorter  ones  that  have  been  collected 
under  the  title,  "Before  the  Gringo  Came."  Som.e  of  her  stories  have 
appeared  in  "  The  London  Graphic,"  "  Blackwood's "  and  other  English 
periodicals,  and  the  "  London  Speaker "  recently  referred  to  her  as  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  the  true  American  literature.  Mrs.  Atherton,  who 
nov/  resides  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  has  in  preparation  a  novel  to  be  enti- 
tled.  "Patience   Sparhawk   and   Her   Times." 

242 


■K-i 


^' 


GERTRUDE    ATHERTON. 

243 


HATTIE   TYNG   GRISWOLD. 


READERS  of  current  literature  have  for  many  years  been  familiar 
with  the  name  of  Mrs.  Hattie  Tyng  Griswold,  the  talented 
author  of  many  charming  poems,  stories  and  sketches.  Mrs.  Griswold, 
though  known  as  a  Western  woman,  is  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass., 
where  she  was  born  January  26,  1842.  Her  father  removed  to  Wis- 
consin while  she  was  yet  a  child,  and  her  life  has  been  spent  in  that 
state.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  she  began  writing  for  the  press,  and  a 
little  later  became  a  contributor  to  the  New  York  "Home  Journal," 
then  edited  by  N.  P.  Willis,  and  to  the  Louisville  "Courier-Journal," 
edited  by  George  D.  Prentice.  These  two  men  were  literary  lions  in 
those  days,  and  when  they  put  the  stamp  of  their  approval  on  a  pro- 
duction, there  could  be  no  question  of  its  merit.  Sh?  also  wrote  for 
the  "  Knickerbocker  Magazine,"  and  became  quite  a  favorite  of  its  ed- 
itor, Charles  G.  Leland.  In  1863  she  was  married  to  Eugene  Sher- 
wood Griswold,  of  Columbia,  Wis.,  where  she  has  continued  to  reside 
to  the  present  time.  Her  pleasant  home  is  the  resort  of  many  of  the 
famous  men  and  women  of  the  day,  for  she  has  an  extensive  personal 
acquaintance  with  literary  and  other  celebrities.  Mrs.  Griswold's  first 
volume  of  collected  poems  was  published  in  J  878,  under  the  title  of 
"Apple  Blossoms."  An  edition  of  her  later  poems  has  been  prepared 
for  the  press.  In  1886  she  published  "Home  Life  of  Great  Authors," 
one  of  the  most  successful  books  of  recent  years.  Among  her  works 
of  fiction  may  be  mentioned  two  stories  for  girls,  "Waiting  on  Des- 
tiny" and  "Lucile  and  Her  Friends,"  and  a  novel  entitled  "Fencing 
with  Shadows,"  which  have  added  not  a  little  to  the  author's  reputa- 
tion. 

244 


HATTm  TYNG  GRISWOLD. 

245 


HORACE   GRAY. 


PRESIDENT  ARTHUR  made  good  appointments.  The  cact  and 
sense  of  that  typical  man  of  the  world  made  him,  perhaps,  a 
better  judge  of  men  than  was  more  than  one  other  of  the  presidents 
possibly  surpassing  him  in  genius.  Not  the  least  sensible  and  satisfac- 
tory among  the  appointments  made  by  President  Arthur  w^as  that  of 
Horace  Gray,  of  Massachusetts,  to  be  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  Horace  Gray  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
March  24,  1828.  He  received  a  thorough  preliminary  education  and 
was  a  graduate  from  Harvard  in  1845,  and  from  the  Harvard  Law 
School  in  1849.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  found 
himself  at  once  in  a  field  congenial  to  his  special  talents  and  inclina- 
tions. He  was  appointed  reporter  of  the  supreme  judicial  court  of 
Massachusetts  in  1854,  and  held  that  position  until  1861,  when  he  was 
appointed  associate  justice  of  the  same  court  August  23,  1864.  His 
remarkable  legal  ability  was  manifested  in  his  position  on  this  digni- 
fied bench,  and  in  1873  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  court. 
In  that  position  he  became  widely  known  because  of  his  legal  learning 
and  the  thoughtfulness  and  fairness  of  his  decisions,  and  December  19, 
1881,  he  was  commissioned  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States.  He  has  filled  the  difficult  position  with  all  the 
ability  and  fairness  that  w^as  expected  of  him,  and  is  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  highest  judicial  tribunal  of  the  world.  He  is  one  of 
the  hardest  working  members  of  a  body  where  hard  work  has  been 
the  rule  for  a  long  time,  in  fact  from  the  beginning  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  his  opinions  are  respected  by  his  associates  as  highly  as 
is   his   character   by   the    country. 

24b 


^:C^i^. 


^^^1^^ 


W^ 


\ 


HORACE  GRAY. 

247 


ARCHIBALD  CLAVERING  GUNTER. 


THERE  can  certainly  be  no  question  of  the  popularity  of  a  novel 
when  the  demand  for  it  swells  the  first  edition  to  more  than 
sixty-one  thousand  copies.  Such  was  the  fate  of  "Mr.  Barnes  of  New 
York/*  and  of  that  later  production  from  the  same  pen,  "Mr.  Potter 
of  Texas."  And  yet  the  author  had  to  turn  publisher  in  order  to  get 
his  books  before  the  public.  Archibald  Clavering  Gunter  is  an  English- 
man by  birth,  having  been  born  in  Liverpool  October  25,  J  847,  but  at 
the  age  of  five  years  he  was  taken  to  California  by  his  parents,  and 
was  there  educated,  taking  the  degree  of  Ph.  B.  in  University  College, 
San  Francisco.  From  1867  until  J 874  he  followed  his  profession  of 
mining  and  civU  engineering,  and  then  became  a  stock  broker  in  San 
Francisco,  operating  in  mining  stocks.  In  1877  he  went  to  New 
York,  having  fully  decided  to  make  literature  his  occupation  in  life. 
He  had  previously  written  two  successful  plays,  and  he  now  produced 
several  others  that  were  even  more  successful.  His  first  novel,  "  Mr. 
Barnes  of  New  York,"  was  finished  in  1885,  and  published  in  1887. 
It  had  been  refused  by  all  the  publishing  houses  to  which  he  had  sub- 
mitted it,  and  he  finally  organized  the  Home  Publishing  Company  and 
issued  the  novel  himself.  It  was  a  great  success,  and  has  been 
printed  in  several  languages.  Mr.  Gunter's  own  dramatization  of  the 
story  had  a  remarkable  run,  and  was  immensely  popular.  His  later 
novels,  "Mr.  Potter  of  Texas,"  "Miss  Nobody  of  Nowhere,"  and  oth- 
ers, have  also  been  very  successful.  Combining  energy  and  enterprise 
with  marked  literary  ability,  Mr.  Gunter  has  accumulated  a  fortune 
from  the  products  of  his  pen  within  a  few  years.  His  stories  are  full 
of  dramatic  force   and  interest. 

248 


ARCHIBALD  CLAVERING  GUNTER. 

249 


JOHN   HABBERTON. 


THE  author  of  that  interesting  and  clever  book,  "  Helen's  Babies/' 
awoke  one  morning  to  find  himself  famous,  and  all  because  he 
had  written  something  which,  rather  unexpectedly  to  him,  struck  the 
popular  fancy.  That  work  gave  him  a  reputation  which  he  has  since 
sustained.  John  Habberton  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  February 
24,  1842.  He  lived  in  Illinois  from  his  eighth  to  his  seventeenth  year, 
then  went  to  New  York,  learned  to  set  type  in  the  establishment  of 
Harper  &  Brothers,  and  subsequently  entered  their  counting-room.  In 
1862  he  enlisted  in  the  army  as  a  private,  rose  to  the  rank  of  first 
lieutenant,  and  served  through  the  war.  He  was  again  in  the  employ 
of  the  Harpers,  from  1865  to  1872,  when  he  went  into  business  for 
himself  and  failed  in  six  months.  This  led  him  to  become  a  contrib- 
utor to  periodicals,  and  later  to  accept  the  post  of  literary  editor  of  the 
"Christian  Union,"  which  he  held  from  1874  to  1877,  when  he  resigned 
to  take  an  editorial  position  on  the  New  York  "Herald."  His  first 
literary  work  was  a  series  of  sketches  of  western  life.  His  "Helen's 
Babies,"  after  being  rejected  by  three  publishers,  was  brought  out  by  a 
Boston  house  in  1876,  and  has  sold  to  the  extent  of  about  three  hundred 
thousand  copies  in  the  United  States.  Eleven  different  English  editions 
of  it  have  appeared,  besides  several  in  the  British  colonies,  and  it  has 
been  translated  into  French,  German  and  Italian.  A  few  of  Mr.  Hab- 
berton's  other  works  are  "The  Barton  Experiment,"  "The  Jericho 
Road,"  "  The  Scripture  Club  of  Valley  Rest,"  "  Other  People's  Chil- 
dren," "The  Crew  of  the  Samuel  Weller,"  "The  Worst  Boy  in 
Town,"  "  Who  was  Paul  Grayson  ? "  and  "  Brueton's  Bayou."  His 
style   is   simple   and   natural   and   devoid   of   affectation. 

250 


H^v 


I 


lOHN  HABBERTON. 
25J 


EDWARD  EVERETT   HALE. 


IN  the  ranks  of  the  literary  workers  of  America  there  is  one  figure 
that  deserves  the  distinguishing  title  of  the  "  Grand  Old  Man/'  of 
letters.  Edward  Everett  Hale,  D.  D.,  is  a  survivor  of  that  class  of 
wnters  and  thinkers  of  which  Emerson,  Lowell  and  Parkman  were 
such  conspicuous  representatives.  He  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
April  3,  1822.  After  graduating  at  Harvard,  in  1839,  he  studied  the- 
ology and  became  a  Unitarian  minister.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Church 
of  the  Unity,  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  from  J  846  to  1856,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  South  Congregational  Church,  Boston. 
Dr.  Hale  has  published  a  large  number  of  books.  The  one  that  first 
gave  him  international  fame  was  "The  Man  Without  a  Country," 
which  appeared  in  1861.  Prior  to  that  he  had  produced  "The 
Rosary,"  in  1848,  and  "America,"  in  1856.  Among  his  subsequent 
works  may  be  mentioned  "His  Level  Best,"  and  other  stories,  1872, 
"Ups  and  Downs,"  1873;  "Working-Men's  Homes"  and  "In  His 
Name,"  1874;  "Philip  Nolan's  Friends,"  1876;  "Boys'  Heroes,"  1885; 
"What  is  the  American  People,"  1885.  He  edited  a  series  of  stories 
of  the  war,  sea,  adventure,  etc.,  from  1880  to  1885,  and  (conjointly 
with  Miss  Hale )  wrote  "  A  Family  Flight  Through  France,  Germany, 
etc.,"  in  1881.  Mr.  Hale  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  period- 
icals, was  editor  of  the  "Christian  Examiner,"  and  the  founder  and 
editor  of  that  popular  publication,  "Old  and  New."  He  afterward 
became  editor  of  "Lend  Me  a  Hand,"  and  his  work  in  the  field  of 
literature  shows  the  same  vigor  and  freshness  today  that  characterized 
it  thirty  years  ago.  His  stories  are  interesting  and  wholesome  and 
show  the   masterly   skill   of  the   scholar. 

252 


EDWARD  EVERETT  HALE. 
253 


MURAT   HALSTEAD. 


LONG  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  powerful  and  influential  expo- 
nents of  Republican  principles  in  the  West,  the  veteran  editor  of 
the  Cincinnati  "  Commercial-Gazette "  is  a  striking  figure  in  political 
journalism.  Like  the  majority  of  Americans  who  have  achieved  dis- 
tinction by  the  force  of  superior  abilities,  guided  by  indomitable  energy 
and  pluck,  Murat  Halstead  began  life  as  a  poor  country  boy.  Born 
in  Paddy's  Run,  Butler  County,  Ohio,  September  2,  1829,  he  spent  the 
summers  on  his  father's  farm,  and  the  winters  in  school  until  he  was 
nineteen  years  old,  and  after  teaching  for  a  few  months,  entered  Farm- 
er's College,  near  Cincinnati,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1851.  While 
in  college  he  had  amused  himself  by  contributing  to  the  press,  and 
finding  that  his  articles  were  well  received,  and  that  he  had  a  taste 
for  such  employment,  he  decided  to  adopt  the  profession  of  journalism. 
He  became  connected  with  the  Cincinnati  "Atlas,"  and  then  with  the 
"Enquirer,"  and  afterward  established  a  Sunday  newspaper  in  that  city, 
of  which  he  was  editor.  This  enterprise  was  soon  abandoned,  and 
he  obtained  employment  on  the  "Columbian  and  Great  West,"  a  weekly 
paper.  He  began  work  on  the  "Commercial,"  March  8,  1853,  as  a 
local  reporter,  and  soon  became  news  editor.  In  1854  the  "Commer- 
cial "  v/as  reorganized,  and  Mr.  Halstead  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
paper.  In  1867  its  control  passed  into  his  hands.  He  subsequently 
allied  himself  with  the  Republican  party,  which  he  has  since  supported. 
In  1890  Mr.  Halstead  edited  a  Republican  campaign  paper  in  New 
York,  and  President  Harrison  nominated  him  as  Minister  to  Berlin,  but 
the  Senate  refused  to  confirm  the  nomination.  He  is  a  stalwart  figure 
in  political  journalism. 

254 


MURAT  HALSTEAD. 

255 


JOHN   MARSHALL   HARLAN. 


IN  the  administration  of  justice  there  is  probably  no  man  wearing  the 
ermine  today  who  has  more  thoroughly  enlisted  the  confidence  of 
the  people  than  has  John  M.  Harlan^  associate  justice  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court,  All  his  life  Mr.  Harlan  has  been  of  a  judicial 
turn  of  mind.  He  was  born  in  Boyle  County,  Kentucky,  June  I, 
1833,  and  was  graduated  at  Center  College,  in  that  state,  in  1850. 
After  studying  law  at  Transylvania  University  he  practiced  his  profes- 
sion at  Frankfort,,  and  in  J  858  was  elected  county  judge.  He  was 
afterward  an  unsuccessful  Whig  candidate  for  Congress,  and  was  presi- 
dential elector  on  the  Bell  and  Everets  ticket.  Removing  to  Louisville, 
he  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Hon.  W.  F.  Bullock,  and  in  J  861 
entered  the  Union  army  as  colonel  of  the  Tenth  Kentucky  infantry, 
serving  in  Gen.  George  H.  Thomas'  division.  In  1863  he  was  elected 
attorney-general  of  Kentucky  and  filled  the  office  until  1867.  He  was 
the  Republican  nominee  for  governor  in  1871,  and  his  name  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Republican  Convention  of  his  state  in  1875  for  the  vice- 
presidency  of  the  United  States.  Judge  Harlan  was  chairman  of  the 
Kentucky  delegation  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  in  1876, 
and  afterward  declined  a  diplomatic  position  as  a  substitute  for  the 
attorney-generalship,  to  which,  before  he  reached  Washington,  President 
Hayes  intended  to  assign  him.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Louis- 
iana Commission,  and  on  November  29,  1877,  was  commissioned  an 
associate  justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  as  successor  to 
David  Davis.  In  his  particular  sphere  Justice  Harlan  occupies  a  promi- 
nent place  among  the  great  men  of  America,  and  is  justly  honored  for 
his   eminent   abilities   and  his  pure   life. 

256 


JOHN  MARSHALL  HARLAN. 

257 


WILLIAM  RAINEY  HARPER. 


YOUNGER  in  years  than  the  great  majority  of  men  who  have 
gained  reputations  as  scholars  and  educators,  it  is  yet  doubtful 
if  there  is  a  college  professor  in  the  United  States  who  stands  higher 
as  a  Hebraist  and  master  of  Biblical  literature  than  William  R.  Har- 
per, president  of  the  University  of  Chicago.  Bom  at  New  Concord, 
Ohio.  July  26,  1856,  President  Harper  is  but  thirty-eight  years  of  age. 
After  graduating  at  Muskingum  College,  and  after  three  years  of  s'udy 
at  home,  he  took  a  two  years*  graduate  course  in  Sanskrit,  Greek  and 
comparative  philology  at  Yale  under  Professor  Whitney,  receiving  the 
degree  of  Ph.  D.  In  the  same  year  he  accepted  the  principalship  of 
Masonic  College,  Macon,  Term.,  and  after  teaching  there  for  one  year 
went  to  Denison  University,  Granville,  Ohio,  where  he  spent  three 
years  in  teaching.  From  there  he  was  called  to  the  professorship  of 
Hebrew  and  the  cognate  languages  in  the  Baptist  Union  Theological 
Seminary  at  Morgan  Park,  III.,  near  Chicago,  where  he  began  teach- 
ing Hebrew  on  the  inductive  method.  In  1881  he  organized  a  corre- 
spondence school  of  Hebrew,  which  later  developed  into  The  American 
Institute  of  Sacred  Literature,  now  having  its  headquarters  in  Chicago. 
He  also  published  "  The  Hebrew  Student,"  the  forerunner  of  the  pres- 
ent "Hebraica,"  and  "The  Old  and  New  Testament  Student,"  now 
"The  Biblical  World."  In  1886  he  went  to  Yale  as  professor  of 
Semitic  languages  and  literature,  afterward  taking  the  chair  of  Biblical 
literature  in  English.  In  1891  he  became  principal  of  the  Chautauqua 
System,  and  in  the  same  year  was  made  president  of  the  University 
of  Chicago.  President  Harper  is  the  author  of  several  Hebrew,  Greek 
and   Latin   text-books. 


WILLIAM  RAINEY  HARPER, 

2S9 


FRANCIS    BRET    HARTE. 


AS  the  founder  of  a  distinct  school  of  American  literature,  as  well 
as  for  the  truly  artistic  work  that  he  has  done  in  his  chosen 
field,  Bret  Harte  deserves  the  fame  that  he  has  won.  He  was  bom 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  August  25,  1839,  and  received  a  common  school 
education.  After  the  death  of  his  father  he  went  with  his  mother  to 
California  in  1854,  and,  after  unsuccessful  ventures  at  teaching  and 
mining,  he  became  a  compositor  in  a  newspaper  office  at  Sonora.  In 
1857  he  went  to  San  Francisco,  and  while  setting  type  in  the  office 
of  the  "Golden  Era"  began  writing  anonymous  sketches  of  his  mining 
camp  experiences.  The  result  was  that  he  was  invited  to  join  the 
corps  of  writers.  Soon  afterward  he  became  associated  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  "  Californian,"  a  literary  weekly,  short-lived,  but  of  interest 
as  containing  his  "Condensed  Novels."  In  July,  1868,  the  publication 
of  "The  Overland  Monthly"  was  begun,  with  Mr.  Harte  as  its 
organizer  and  editor.  The  second  issue  contained  "The  Luck  of 
Roaring  Camp,"  the  first  of  those  dialect  character  sketches  of  Western 
mining  life  of  which  he  was  the  pioneer  writer.  It  was  followed  by 
"  The  Outcasts  of  Poker  Flat "  and  other  stories,  and  the  reputation 
of  the  author  was  established.  In  1870  appeared  his  "Plain  Language 
from  Truthful  James,"  popularly  known  as  "The  Heathen  Chinee." 
His  later  novels  and  stories  have  all  been  exceedingly  popular.  He 
settled  in  New  York  in  1871,  and  became  a  regular  contributor  to 
magazines.  In  1878  he  was  appointed  United  States  Consul  to  Crefeld, 
Germany,  whence  he  was  transferred  in  1880  to  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1885.  At  present  he  is  residing 
abroad,   engaged   in   literary  pursuits. 


FRANCIS  BRET  HARTE. 
26t 


JOSEPH   ROSWELL    HAWLEY. 


QUITE  an  exceptional  man  in  his  generation,  presenting  in  the 
very  highest  form  the  qualities  that  are  calculated  to  shine  both 
in  the  field  and  in  the  forum,  Senator  Joseph  R.  Hawley,  of 
Connecticut,  is  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  the  soldier-statesmen  of 
the  Republic.  He  was  born  in  Statesville,  N.  C,  October  31,  1826, 
removed  to  Connecticut  in  1837,  was  graduated  at  Hamilton  College 
in  1847,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Hartford  in  1850.  The 
first  meeting  for  the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  in  Connecticut 
was  held  in  his  office,  at  his  call,  February  4,  1856.  One  year  later 
he  abandoned  law  practice  and  became  editor  of  the  Hartford  "Evening 
Press,"  the  new  distinctively  Republican  paper.  He  responded  to  the 
first  call  for  troops  in  1 86 1,  raising  the  first  company  of  the  First 
Connecticut  volunteers,  and  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  volunteer 
in  the  state.  Entering  the  service  as  a  captain,  he  made  a  splendid 
war  record  and  was  mustered  out  in  January,  1866,  with  the  brevet 
of  major-general.  In  April  of  that  year  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Connecticut,  serving  one  year.  In  1867,  having  consolidated  the 
"  Press "  and  the  "  Courant,"  he  resumed  editorial  life,  and  more 
rigorously  than  ever  entered  the  political  contests  following  the  war. 
He  was  always  in  demand  as  a  speaker  throughout  the  country,  and 
was  president  of  the  National  Republican  convention  in  1868.  He 
served  in  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses,  and  in  1881,  by 
the  unanimous  vote  of  his  party,  was  chosen  United  States  Senator, 
being  re-elected  in  1887,  and  again  in  1893,  for  the  term  ending 
March  3,  1899.  In  the  National  convention  of  1884  the  Connecticut 
delegation   unanimously   voted   for   him  for  President   in   every   ballot. 


JOSEPH  ROSWELL  HAWLEY. 

263 


JULIAN   HAWTHORNE. 


INHERITING  much  of  his  distinguished  father's  talent,  imaginative 
genius  and  graceful  style  of  expression,  Julian  Hawthorne  has  estab- 
lished a  reputation  as  a  fluent  and  versatile  writer.  Mr.  Hawthorne 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  June  22,  1846,  was  educated  at  Harvard, 
and  studied  civil  engineering  in  the  scientific  school  at  Cambridge.  In 
October,  1868,  he  went  to  Dresden  to  study,  but  the  Franco-German 
war  began  while  he  was  visiting  at  home  in  the  summer  of  1870,  and 
he  obtained  employment  as  a  hydrographic  engineer  under  Gen.  Geo. 
B.  McClellan,  in  the  department  of  docks,  New  York.  In  1871  he 
began  to  write  stories  and  sketches  for  magazines,  and  in  1872,  decid- 
ing to  devote  himself  to  literature,  went  to  England  and  then  to  Dres- 
den, where  he  remained  two  years.  While  there  he  published  his 
novels  "  Bressant "  and  "  Idolatry."  He  settled  in  London  in  Septem- 
ber, 1874,  writing  much  for  magazines,  and  for  two  years  was  a 
writer  on  the  staff  of  the  London  "Spectator."  In  1875  he  published 
the  sketches  entitled  '*  Saxon  Studies "  in  the  "  Contemporary  Review," 
and  his  novel  "  Garth,"  which  was  followed  by  novelettes  and  collec- 
tions of  stories  entitled  "  The  Laughing  Mill,"  "  Archibald  Malmaison," 
■"  Ellice  Quentin,"  "  Prince  Saroni's  Wife,"  "  Sebastian  Strome,"  and  the 
"Yellow  Cap"  fairy  stories.  He  returned  to  New  York  in  1882,  and 
published  "  Dust,"  "  Noble  Blood "  and  "  Fortune's  Fool ;  "  also  edited 
j"Dr.  Grimshaw's  Secret,"  the  posthumous  romance  of  his  father,  Na- 
Ithaniel  Hawthorne,  and  wt-ote  the  biography  of  his  father  and  mother. 
jDuring  the  last  dozen  years  he  has  made  his  home  chiefly  in  this 
country,  and  has  done  some  of  his  best  work  for  American  magazines 
and   syndicates. 


JULIAN  HAWTHORNE. 

265 


DAVID   BREMNER   HENDERSON. 


RIPE  experience  ana  sound  judgment  are  no  less  essential  than  intel- 
lectual strength  and  force  of  character  in  the  man  who  would 
be  a  leader  of  men.  It  is  a  combination  of  all  these  qualities  that  gives 
David  B.  Henderson,  of  Icwa,  his  power  and  influence  in  the  National 
House  of  Representatives.  Mr.  Henderson  was  born  at  Old  Deer, 
Scotland,  March  14,  1840.  He  was  brought  to  the  United  States 
when  six  years  of  age,  settling  first  in  Illinois,  but  removing  in  1849 
to  Iowa,  where  he  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  the 
Upper  Iowa  University.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  until  he  was 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  the  Civil  war  breaking  out,  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the  Twelfth  Iowa  regiment,  in  September,  1861.  He 
was  soon  after  commissioned  first  lieutenant,  and  served  with  his  regi- 
ment until  the  loss  of  a  leg  caused  him  to  be  discharged,  February 
16,  1863.  In  May  of  that  year  he  was  appointed  commissioner  of 
the  Board  of  Enrollment  of  the  Third  district  of  Iowa,  serving  as  such 
until  June,  1864,  when  he  re-entered  the  army  as  colonel  of  the  Forty- 
sixth  Iowa  regiment,  and  served  until  the  close  of  hostilities.  He  was 
collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  Third  district  of  Iowa  from  Novem- 
ber, 1865,  until  June,  1869.  In  the  mean  time  he  had  been  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  in  1869  he  became  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Shiras, 
Van  Duzee  &  Henderson.  He  was  Assistant  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  about  two  years,  resigning  in  1871,  and  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  law  firm  of  Henderson,  Daniels  &  Kiesel,  of  Dubuque. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  as  a  Republican,  and  has 
since  served  continuously  in  that  body,  where  he  is  distinctly  one  of 
its   leading   forces. 


r 
: 

f 

m^^gg^^^^!^^  ^ 

k 

\                   »                    ^ 

H 

" 

^* 

r 

^^^        V  ^^«Fm' 

^ 

^P^^                    v^^  .Jr* 

DAVID  BREMNER  HENDERSON. 

267 


HILARY   A.   HERBERT. 


AMONG  the  Southern  men  who  have  come  into  prominence  by 
reason  of  their  sturdy  integrity,  great  force  of  character  and 
superior  accomplishments,  is  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Hilary  A.  Her- 
bert. During  an  unusually  long  career  in  Congress  he  has  distin- 
guished himself  in  many  ways,  and  especially  by  a  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  the  intricate  affairs  of  the  navy.  Mr.  Herbert  is  a  native  of 
Laurensville,  S.  C,  where  he  was  born  March  12,  1834,  but  while 
he  was  yet  a  child  his  father  removed  to  Greenville,  Ala.  He  was 
educated  in  the  universities  of  Alabama  and  Virginia,  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Entering  the  confederate  service  as  a  cap- 
tain, he  was  rapidly  promoted  until  he  became  colonel  of  the  Eighth 
Alabama  volunteers,  and  was  disabled  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness, 
May  6,  J  864.  He  continued  the  practice  of  law  at  Greenville  until 
J  872,  when  he  removed  to  Montgomery,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Colonel  Herbert  was  first  elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  and  has 
been  re-elected  seven  times,  so  that  he  was,  when  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  about  to  enter  upon  his  fifteenth  continuous  year  in  the 
National  House  of  Representatives.  He  is  known  as  a  profound 
thinker,  a  forcible  speaker  in  debate,  and  one  of  the  few  men  in  Con- 
gress who  could  be  assigned  to  any  kind  of  work  with  the  assurance 
that  it  would  be  accomplished  promptly,  intelligently  and  thoroughly. 
He  is  particularly  qualified  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  high  position 
he  now  occupies,  and  he  enjoys  the  confidence  of  the  administration, 
as  well  as  the  respect  of  all  who  have  been  associated  with  him  in 
his  public  life.  His  course  in  the  cabinet  has  been  such  as  to  retain 
for   him  the   confidence   of   all   parties. 

268 


HILARY  A.  HERBERT. 

269 


ABRAM  STEVENS  HEWITT. 


IF  there  were  to  be  selected  from  among  all  men  a  typical  American, 
in  the  broadest  sense  of  that  term,  the  choice  might  justly  fall 
upon  Abram  Stevens  Hewitt.  He  is  a  cultivated  man,  and  has  such 
talent,  such  practical  ability,  and  such  force  of  character,  that  he  has 
made  a  distinct  mark  in  the  world.  He  was  born  in  Haverstraw, 
N.  Y.  July  31,  1822.  During  his  college  course  at  Columbia  he  sup- 
ported himself  by  teaching,  and  after  his  graduation,  in  1842,  remained 
in  the  college  as  acting  professor  of  mathematics.  He  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855,  but  abandoned  that  profession  to 
become  associated  with  Peter  Cooper  in  the  iron  business.  In  1862 
he  went  to  England  to  learn  the  process  of  making  gun  barrel  iron, 
and,  at  a  heavy  loss  to  his  firm,  furnished  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment with  material  during  the  war.  The  introduction  of  the  Martins- 
Siemens  or  open  hearth  process  for  the  manufacture  of  steel  in  this 
country  is  due  to  his  judgment.  The  plan  of  the  Cooper  Union  was 
devised  by  its  own  trustees,  with  Mr.  Hewitt  as  their  active  head,  and 
as  secretary  of  this  board  he  directed  its  financial  and  educational 
details.  He  was  active  in  politics,  but  left  Tammany,  joined  the  Irv- 
ing Hall  society,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  County  Democ- 
racy in  1879.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1874  and  served  con- 
tinuously, with  the  exception  of  one  term,  until  1886.  In  that  year 
he  was  elected  mayor  of  New  York,  defeating  Henry  George  and 
Theodore  Roosevelt.  Columbia  College  gave  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
in  1887.  The  firm  of  Cooper  &  Hewitt  owns  and  controls  the  Tren- 
ton, "Ringwood,  Request  and  Durham  iron  works.  Mr.  Hewitt  has  a 
record   to   be   proud   of. 

270 


ABRAM  STEVENS  HEWITT. 
27  J 


THOMAS   WENTWORTH   HIGGINSON. 


THE  prominent  position  which  Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson  has 
held  in  the  ecclesiastical,  literary  and  political  world  for  more 
than  a  generation  gives  a  special  value  and  interest  to  his  portrait  and 
biography.  Born  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  December  22,  1823,  he  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1841,  and  at  the  divinity  school  in  1847, 
becoming  in  the  last-named  year  pastor  of  the  First  Congregational 
church  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  in  1850  to 
become  a  candidate  for  Congress  on  the  Free-soil  ticket,  but  failed  of 
election.  From  1852  until  1858  he  was  pastor  of  a  Free  church  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  after  which  he  left  the  ministry  to  devote  himself  to 
literature,  and  became  conspicuous  as  an  anti-slavery  agitator.  In  1856 
he  aided  in  organizing  parties  of  free-state  emigrants  to  Kansas,  and 
served  as  brigadier-general  on  Gov.  J.  H.  Lane's  staff  in  the  free-state 
forces.  Entering  the  Civil  war  as  captain  in  1862,  he  was  soon  made 
colonel  of  the  Thirty-first  South  Carolina  volunteers,  the  first  regiment 
of  freed  slaves  mustered  into  the  National  service.  He  took  Jackson- 
ville, Fla.,  was  wounded  at  Wiltown  Bluff,  S.  C,  in  August,  1863, 
and  resigned  from  the  army  in  1864.  From  that  year  until  1878 
Colonel  Higginson  dwelt  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  then  removed  to 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  literary  occu- 
pation. He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1880 
and  1881.  He  has  written  extensively  on  educational  and  other  top- 
ics for  Harper's  periodicals,  the  "Atlantic  Monthly"  and  other  maga- 
zines. His  first  publication  was  "  Thalatto,"  a  compilation  of  poetry. 
He  is  noted  for  his  broad-minded  liberality,  his  keen  insight  into  human 
nature,   and   his   general   knowledge. 


THOMAS  WENTWORTH  HIGGINSON. 

273 


GEORGE   FRISBIE   HOAR. 


NOTED  for  his  legal  acumen,  his  broad  statesmanship  and  his 
extended  and  diversified  culture,  Senator  George  F.  Hoar,  of 
Massachusetts,  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  truly  great  men  connected 
with  the  government  at  Washington.  Born  in  Concord,  Mass.,  August 
29,  J  826,  he  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  J  846,  studied  law  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Worcester.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  in  1852  and  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1857.  He  was  elected  as  a  Republican  to  four  suc- 
cessive Congresses,  serving  from  March  4,  J 869,  until  March  3,  1877. 
He  was  elected  United  States  senator  to  succeed  George  S.  Boutwell, 
taking  his  seat  March  5,  1877,  and  was  re-elected  in  1883,  1889  and 
1895.  His  term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1901.  Senator  Hoar  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  conventions  of  1876,  1880,  1884 
and  1888,  presiding  over  the  convention  of  1880.  He  was  one  of  the 
managers  on  the  part  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Belknap 
impeachment  trial  in  1876,  and  was  a  member  of  the  electoral  commis- 
sion in  that  year.  From  1874  to  1880  he  was  an  overseer  of  Har- 
vard College,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  regent  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  He  has  been  president,  and  is  now  vice-president,  of  the 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  trustee  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of 
Archaeology,  trustee  of  Leicester  Academy,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  the  American  Historical  Society,  the 
Historic-Genealogical  Society  and  the  Virginia  Historical  Society.  The 
degree  of  LL.  D.  has  been  conferred  upon  him  by  William  and  Mary, 
Amherst,  Yale  and  Harvard  Colleges.  Senator  Hoar  is  a  typical  Amer- 
ican  statesman. 

274 


^ev  9~  yx:^^-z.-^ 


GEORGE  FRISBE  HOAR. 

275 


MARY  JANE   HOLMES. 


FOR  stories  of  domestic  life  that  are  pure  in  tone  and  free  from 
sensational  incidents,  without  having  an  avowedly  moral  purpose, 
no  living  American  author  enjoys  a  wider  popularity  than  Mrs.  Mary 
J.  Holmes.  It  may  be  added  that  no  woman  novelist,  with  the  possi- 
ble exception  of  Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  has  received  so  large 
profits  from  her  copyrights.  Mrs.  Holmes,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Hawes,  was  born  in  Brookfield,  Mass.,  and  is  described  as  a  very 
precocious  child,  who  studied  grammar  and  arithmetic  at  the  age  of 
six,  and  taught  school  at  thirteen.  While  yet  a  child  she  was  pos- 
sessed with  an  inspiration  to  write,  and  was  only  fifteen  when  articles 
from  her  pen  began  to  appear  in  print.  She  was  subsequently  mar- 
ried to  Daniel  Holmes,  a  prominent  lawyer  and  graduate  of  Yale,  and 
lived  for  a  period  in  Versailles,  Ky.,  where  she  gained  the  knowledge 
of  Southern  life  and  Southern  character  portrayed  in  some  of  her  sto- 
ries. But  she  ultimately  made  Brockport,  N.  Y.,  her  home,  and  there 
she  and  her  husband  now  reside  in  a  lovely  place  which  they  call 
"Brown  Cottage."  Mrs.  Holmes'  first  book  was  "Tempest  and  Sun- 
shine," and  it  has  been  followed  by  twenty-five  or  thirty  others.  That 
they  are  popular  is  proven  by  the  fact  that  about  two  million  copies 
have  been  sold,  and  that  there  is  a  continued  demand  for  them.  In 
addition  to  her  novels  she  has  written  many  articles  and  stories  for 
papers,  magazines  and  syndicates.  Her  long  stories  are  usually  printed 
serially  in  a  periodical  before  appearing  in  book  form,  and  as  she 
never  sells  a  copyright  her  revenues  from  her  work  are  very  large. 
Mrs.  Holmes  has  traveled  extensively  in  almost  every  part  of  the  world. 
She   is   an    untiring   worker. 

276 


W^  '/  /V^^^^yi 


MARY  JANE  HOLMES. 

277 


HARRIET   G.    HOSMER. 


THE  name  of  no  sculptor  in  the  United  States  is  more  widely 
known  than  is  that  of  Harriet  Hosmer.  The  quality  of  her 
art  has  long  been  recognized  and  her  work  has  at  all  times  sus- 
tained a  reputation  early  acquired.  She  was  born  in  Watertown, 
Mass.,  October  9,  1830.  Her  father  was  a  physician;  she  was  left 
motherless  and  led  largely  an  outdoor  life.  Her  genius  showed  itself 
when  she  was  but  a  mere  child,  much  of  her  time  being  spent  in  a 
clay  pit  near  her  father's  home  where  she  amused  herself  by  modeling 
horses,  dogs,  and  other  creatures.  She  was  given  a  good  education 
and  took  art  lessons  with  her  father,  and  later  took  a  medical  course 
in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  J  851  she  executed  her  first  important  work,  an 
ideal  head  of  "  Hesper."  In  J  852  she  went  to  Rome  with  her  father 
and  Charlotte  Cushman  and  there  became  a  pupil  of  Gibson.  Alter 
two  years  of  study  she  produced  two  busts,  "  Daphne "  and  "  Medusa," 
which  were  exhibited  in  this  country.  Her  success  thenceforth  was 
rapid  and  her  rank  in  the  art  world  fully  recognized.  Her  first  full- 
length  figure,  "Oenone,"  was  produced  in  J  855.  Then  followed 
*'  Will  o'  the  Wisp,"  "  Puck,"  "  Sleeping  Fawn,"  "  Waking  Fawn," 
"Zenobia,"  a  statue  of  Marie  Sophia,  queen  of  the  Sicilies,  Beatrice 
Cenci  and  other  works  as  noted.  Among  these  a  bronze  statue  of 
Thomas  H.  Benton  is  in  St.  Louis,  where  Miss  Hosmer  spends  much 
of  her  time.  Among  her  patrons  have  been  distinguished  people 
abroad,  including  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  various  great  societies. 
She  executed  a  statue  of  Queen  Isabella  for  the  Columbian  Exposition. 
Miss  Hosmer  is  a  clever  writer  and  has  contributed  valuable  art  studies 
to  the   magazines. 

278 


HARRIET  G.  HOSMER. 

279 


OLIVER   OTIS   HOWARD. 


PRESENTING  as  he  does  a  combination  of  the  soldier  and  scholar 
in  a  degree  that  is  unusual  in  this  country,  Gen.  O.  O.  How- 
ard, of  the  United  States  army,  has  both  a  military  and  a  literary 
record.  He  was  born  in  Leeds,  Me.,  November  8,  1830,  and  was 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  in  1850.  In  1854  he  graduated  at  West  Point, 
becoming  first-lieutenant,  but  resigned  in  1861  to  take  command  of  the 
Third  Maine  regiment  in  the  Civil  war.  For  gallantry  at  Bull  Run 
he  was  made  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He  was  twice  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  losing  his  right  arm  June  1,  1862,  but 
participated  in  many  succeeding  engagements,  being  again  wounded  at 
Pickett's  Mill.  In  November,  1862,  he  became  major-general  of  volun- 
teers, and  in  March,  1865,  was  brevetted  major-general  for  gallantry  in 
various  battles.  General  Howard  was  commissioner  of  the  Freedman's 
Bureau  from  March,  1865,  until  July,  1874,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  department  of  the  Columbia.  In  1877  he  led  the 
expedition  against  the  Nez  Perces  Indians,  and  in  1878  the  campaigns 
against  the  Brannocks  and  Piutes.  He  was  commissioned  major-gen- 
eral in  1886,  and  is  now  in  command  of  the  department  of  the 
Atlantic.  He  has  contributed  many  articles  to  magazines,  has  pub- 
lished "Donald's  School  Days,"  "Chief  Joseph,  or  the  Nez  Perces  in 
Peace  and  War"  and  "Isabella  of  Castile,"  and  is  the  author  and 
translator  of  "Life  of  the  Count  De  Gasparin."  The  degree  of  A.  M. 
-was  conferred  upon  him  by  Bowdoin  College,  and  that  of  LL.  D. 
by  Waterville,  Shurtleff,  and  the  Gettysburg  Theological  Seminary.  He 
was  made  chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  by  the  French  govern- 
ment  in    1 884. 


OLIVER  OTIS  HOWARD. 

281 


VINNIE   REAM   HOXIE. 


IN  the  realms  of  art  America  furnishes  no  greater  name,  perhaps, 
certainly  not  among  women,  than  that  of  Vinnie  Ream  Hoxie,  the 
famous  sculptor,  who  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  woman 
who  ever  received  an  order  from  the  United  States  Government  for  a 
statue.  Mrs.  Hoxie  was  born  in  Madison,  Wis.,  September  23,  1846. 
A  portion  of  her  early  life  was  spent  in  Washington,  D.  C,  where 
her  father  held  an  office,  but  her  family  afterward  lived  in  the  West, 
and  she  was  educated  at  Christian  College,  Missouri.  During  the  war 
her  family  returned  to  Washington,  where  she  was  for  a  time  employed 
in  the  postoffice  department,  but  subsequently  studied  art,  and  soon 
devoted  her  whole  attention  to  sculpture.  Her  work  in  this  line  was 
so  successful  that  she  made  busts  of  General  Grant,  Reverdy  Johnson, 
Albert  Pike,  John  Sherman  and  Thaddeus  Stevens,  besides  producing 
"The  Indian  Girl,"  a  full-length  figure  cast  in  bronze,  the  marble 
"Miriam,"  etc.  But  her  most  important  piece  at  this  time  was  the 
statue  of  Abraham  Lincob,  ordered  by  the  Government  and  placed  in 
the  Capitol  at  Washington.  Miss  Ream  spent  three  years  abroad,  and 
produced  medallions  of  many  eminent  men.  On  her  return,  she  mod- 
eled a  bust  of  Lincoln  for  Cornell  University,  a  life-size  statue  of 
"  Sappho,"  "  The  Spirit  of  the  Carnival,"  etc.  Her  later  works  include 
a  statue  of  Admiral  Farragut,  which  was  cast  in  bronze  from  metal 
obtained  from  the  flagship  "Hartford,"  and  placed  in  Farragut  Square, 
Washington.  She  was  married  May  28,  1878,  to  Capt.  Richard  L 
Hoxie,  of  the  United  States  Corps  of  Engineers.  Mrs.  Hoxie  does  not 
allow  her  devotion  to  act  to  interfere  with  her  family  duties.  She  has 
a   wide   circle   of  friends   and   admirers. 


VINNIE  REAM  HOXIE. 
283 


JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS. 


THE  student  and  writer  in  politics,  has,  in  the  man  who  so  long 
represented  Kansas  in  the  United  States  Senate,  proved  a  dis- 
tinguished figure.  John  James  Ingalls  was  born  in  Middletown,  Mass., 
December  29,  1833.  He  graduated  at  Williams  College  in  1855,  stud- 
ied law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857.  He  removed  to  Atchi- 
son, Kan.,  in  1858,  and  there  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. He  was  a  member  of  the  Wyandotte  convention  in  1859,  sec- 
retary of  the  territorial  council  in  1860,  and  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1861,  and  was  a  member  of  the  latter  body  in  1862.  In  the  same 
year  he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor  of  Kan- 
sas. After  his  defeat  he  accepted  the  editorship  of  the  Atchison 
"Champion,"  which  he  retained  for  three  years.  At  about  this  time 
he  won  almost  national  reputation  by  a  series  of  brilliant  magazine 
articles.  He  was  again  defeated  for  the  lieutenant-governorship  in  1864, 
but  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  beginning  in 
1873.  This  office  he  held  by  successive  re-elections  for  three  terms, 
and  in  1887  was  chosen  president  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate.  He 
ranked  among  the  ablest  debaters  in  that  body.  He  was  defeated  by 
the  Populist  party  in  Kansas  when  a  candidate  for  re-election  for  a 
fourth  term,  but  has  remained  a  political  factor  of  importance,  delivering 
many  addresses,  contributing  important  articles  to  the  reviews,  and  losing 
none  of  his  prestige  as  one  of  the  most  brilliant  of  orators  and  writ- 
ers. In  the  Senate  his  keen  logic,  his  wonderful  gift  of  sarcasm,  and 
his  political  audacity  made  him  especially  dreaded  by  all  opponents. 
He  is  not  surpassed  as  a  debater  of  the  aggressive  type  and  a  master 
of   scathing   criticism. 


JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS. 

285 


WILLIAM   LYNE   WILSON. 


MANY  a  congressman  who  opposed  with  his  voice  and  vote  the 
so-called  "Wilson  bill"  will  cheerfully  testify  to  the  brilliant 
intellect  and  engaging  personality  of  its  author.  Few  men  in  the 
National  House  of  Representatives  were  personally  more  popular  than 
William  L.  Wilson,  of  West  Virginia.  Mr.  Wilson  entered  Congress 
from  the  study  of  a  college  president.  He  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Virginia,  May  3,  1843,  and  was  educated  at  the  Charlestown 
Academy,  Columbian  College  and  the  University  of  Virginia.  During 
the  Civil  war  he  served  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  for  several  years 
after  the  war  was  a  professor  in  Columbian  College,  but  on  the  over- 
throw of  the  lawyer's  test  oath  in  West  Virginia  he  resigned  his  chair 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  Charlestown,  where  he  still 
resides.  He  has  taken  an  active  part  in  various  political  campaigns, 
and  was  permanent  president  of  the  National  Democratic  Convention,  at 
Chicago,  in  J  892.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  West  Virginia 
University  in  1882,  but  resigned  during  the  following  year  to  take  his  seat 
in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress.  Mr.  Wilson  was  a  member  of  Congress 
for  twelve  successive  years.  From  the  first  he  has  advanced  steadily  to 
the  front  ranks,  until  now  he  is  the  Democratic  leader  on  the  floor,  made 
so  by  force  of  character  and  ability,  and  against  the  preference  of  the 
Speaker.  His  hard  work  during  the  winter  of  1894,  in  behalf  of  his 
favorite  tariff  measure,  the  "  Wilson  bill,"  so  affected  his  health  that 
for  a  time  after  the  passage  of  the  bill  by  Congress  he  was  seriously 
ill  and  spent  several  months  under  a  physician's  care,  traveling  in 
Mexico.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Bissell,  from  the  office  of  Post- 
master-General,  Mr.   Wilson   was   appointed   his   successor. 

286 


WILLIAM  LYNE  WILSON. 
287 


EDWARD   KEMEYS. 


BECAUSE  of  his  taking  the  great  wild  animal  life  of  this  country 
at  this  time,  and  turning  it  into  enduring  marble  or  bronze  and 
so  illustrating  its  very  pulse  and  spirit  and  personality,  Mr.  Edward 
Kemeys  is  a  great  man.  He  has  done  other  things.  He  has  made 
men's  faces  and  forms  and  is  a  sculptor  of  note  in  such  direction,  but, 
after  lH,  what  is  greatest  about  Mr.  Kemeys  is  that  he  has  recognized 
the  interest  and  the  importance  in  art  of  representing  the  wild  animals, 
more  particularly  the  carnivora,  of  the  continent,  and  that  he  has  seized 
upon  that  life  while  still  existing,  transforming  it  into  something  perma- 
nent. He  is  a  naturalist,  a  history-maker,  a  sympathizer  with  nature 
as  well  as  a  sculptor,  who  has  done  this  thing.  A  strong,  rude  poem 
is  one  of  Mr.  Kemeys'  wild  animals  put  into  marble.  He  makes  the 
great  cats  as  they  have  lived  in  our  wilds  something  to  wonder  over 
and  to  study  and  enjoy.  He  was  born  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  in  January, 
J  843.  He  was  at  school  in  New  York  when  the  Civil  war  began, 
but  entered  the  army  at  once  and  came  out  as  a  captain.  After  the 
war  he  farmed  in  Illinois,  then  was  one  of  the  Engineer  Corps  in  Cen- 
tral Park,  N.  Y.,  then,  somehow,  got  to  modeling  things  in  clay. 
He  succeeded  as  a  sculptor.  He  went  West  and  studied  the  animals, 
shot  and  dissected  the  buffalo,  shot  and  dissected  mountain  lions,  saw 
all  these  animals  playing  or  fighting  and  then,  finally,  came  back  east- 
ward and  began  to  make  those  figures  of  our  wild  beasts,  just  as  they 
are,  which  have  attracted  the  attention  of  the  cultivated  world.  He  is 
potent  in  a  great  field,  one  of  those  who  are  giving  to  American  art 
a  character  of  its  own  and  what  will  compare  favorably  with  the 
original   productions   of   other   nations. 


EDWARD  KEMEYS. 

289 


GEORGE  KENNAN. 


TO  be  an  intelligent  traveler  and  explorer,  and  to  be  able  to  graph- 
ically describe  what  one  sees,  is  to  be  a  useful  contributor  to 
the  history  and  geography  of  the  world.  Such  a  person  is  George 
Kennan.  He  was  born  in  Norwalk,  Ohio,  February  16,  1845,  and 
obtained  a  high-school  education  by  attending  school  during  the  day 
while  working  at  night  as  a  telegraph  operator.  In  1864  he  was 
assistant  chief  operator  in  the  telegraph  office  at  Cincinnati,  and  in 
December  of  the  same  year  went  to  Kamchatka,  by  way  of  Nicaragua, 
California  and  the  North  Pacific.  As  a  leader  of  one  of  the  Russo- 
American  Telegraph  Company's  exploring  parties  in  Northeastern  Siberia, 
in  1865  and  1866,  and  as  superintendent  of  construction  for  the  middle 
district  of  the  Siberian  division  from  1866  until  1868  he  explored  and 
located  a  route  for  the  Russo-American  telegraph  line  between  the 
Okhotsk  Sea  and  Behring  Strait.  In  1870  he  went  again  to  Russia  to 
explore  the  mountains  of  the  Eastern  Caucasus,  proceeded  down  the 
Volga  River  to  the  Caspian  Sea,  made  extensive  explorations  on  horse- 
back in  Daghestan  and  Chechnia,  crossing  the  great  range  of  the  Cau- 
casus three  times  in  different  places,  and  returned  to  America  in  1871. 
In  1885  and  1886  he  made  a  journey  of  fifteen  thousand  miles  through 
Northern  Russia  and  Siberia  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the  Rus- 
sian exile  system,  visited  all  the  convict  prisons  and  mines,  and  explored 
the  wildest  part  of  the  Russian  Altai.  On  his  return  to  the  United 
States,  Mr.  Kennan  published  a  series  of  magazine  articles,  afterward 
issued  in  book  form,  and  lectured  extensively  on  Siberia  He  is  also 
the  author  of  "Tent  Life  in  Siberia  and  Adventures  Among  the  Koraks 
and   Other   Tribes    in  Kamchatka  and  Northern   Asia." 


GEORGE  KENNAN. 

291 


CHARLES  KING. 


WHOEVER  has  failed  to  read  the  delightful  army  stories  of  Capt. 
Charles  King  is  not  fully  competent  to  discuss  current  litera- 
ture. Captain  King  is  a  resident  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.  He  was  born 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  October  12,  1844,  being  the  only  son  of  Gen.  Rufus 
King,  grandson  of  Charles  King,  LL.  D.,  president  of  Columbia  Col- 
lege, and  great-grandson  of  Rufus  King,  of  New  York,  who  was  twice 
Minister  to  England  and  twenty  years  United  States  senator.  In  1845 
Gen.  Rufus  King  settled  in  Milwaukee,  and  in  1862  his  son  was  sent 
by  President  Lincoln  to  West  Point,  where  he  became  adjutant  of  the 
Corps  of  Cadets  and  was  graduated  in  1866.  He  served  twice  as 
instructor  of  tactics  at  West  Point;  was  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Emory  during  the  reconstruction  days  in  New  Orleans;  commanded 
his  troop  of  the  Fifth  regiment  of  cavalry  during  the  Apache  campaign, 
and  was  severely  wounded  in  action  at  Sunset  Pass.  Captain  King 
served  through  the  Sioux  and  Nez  Perces  campaigns  of  1876,  and 
1877  as  adjutant  of  the  Fifth  cavalry.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  captain  in  1879,  and  placed  on  the  retired  list  because  of  wounds 
received  in  the  line  of  duty.  For  ten  years  he  was  inspector  and 
instructor  of  the  Wisconsin  National  Guard  and  colonel  of  the  Fourth 
Wisconsin  infantry,  and  is  now  making  a  study  of  the  European 
armies.  He  is  best  known  as  an  author  of  military  history  and  sol- 
dier stories.  His  novels,  "The  Colonel's  Daughter,"  "Marion's  Faith," 
"Captain  Blake,"  "Between  the  Lines,"  "Dunraven  Ranch"  and  oth- 
ers, have  been  widely  read  throughout  the  United  States  and  abroad. 
While  in  the  army  Captain  King  was  known  as  a  gallant  soldier.  He 
is  now  regarded   as   an   able   teacher   of   military   tactics. 

292 


CHARLES  KING. 

293 


DANIEL  SCOTT  LAMONT. 


THERE  was  probably  no  member  of  President  Cleveland's  Cabinet 
who  possessed  more  influence  with  the  executive  than  did  the 
man  who,  within  a  few  years,  developed  from  a  private  secretary 
into  that  prominent  official,  the  Secretary  of  War.  During  Mr.  Cleve- 
land's first  administration  Daniel  S.  Lamont  was  his  confidential  man, 
and  at  that  time  his  imperturbable  manner  and  chilling  politeness  gave 
White  House  visitors  the  impression  that  his  chief  characteristics  were 
secretiveness  and  discretion.  Mr.  Lamont  was  born  in  Cortland  County, 
New  York,  February  9,  1 85 1,  and  was  the  only  child  of  a  country 
merchant.  After  completing  an  academic  course  he  entered  his  father's 
store  as  a  clerk,  but  soon  abandoned  that  occupation  to  seek  a  political 
career.  He  was  a  delegate  to  Democratic  State  conventions  before  he 
was  of  age,  and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1870, 
J  871  and  1875.  He  was  afterward  chief  clerk  in  the  New  York 
State  department  under  John  Bigelow,  and  was  confidential  secretary  to 
Samuel  J.  Tilden  during  the  latter's  term  as  governor  of  New  York. 
From  1875  until  1883  Mr.  Lamont  was  secretary  of  the  Democratic 
State  Committee  of  New  York,  and  as  such  displayed  a  marvelous 
acquaintance  with  the  details  of  state  politics,  as  well  as  knowledge  of 
public  men  and  politicians.  His  ability  to  remember  persons  and 
call  them  by  name  was  quite  remarkable.  He  introduced  into  the 
management  of  the  War  Department  a  shrewdness  and  tact  that  was 
of  more  value  than  mere  statesmanship.  Mr.  Lamont  is  a  business 
man  and  a  methodical  one.  He  acquired  a  reputation  for  ability  and 
sterling  honesty,  and  without  seeking  it  made  many  friends  and  admirers 
■while    in  office. 

294 


DANIEL  SCOTT  LAMONT. 

295 


ISABELLA   BEECHER  HOOKER. 


WTH  the  blood  of  the  Beechers  in  her,  it  is  not  surprising  that 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  should  have  shown  force  of  charac- 
ter ind  become  widely  known.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker  was  born  in 
Litchfield,  Conn.,  February  22,  1822.  She  was  the  first  child  of  the 
second  wife  of  Dr.  Beecher,  and  one  of  that  wonderful  family  so  justly 
recognized  with  the  Fields,  the  Washburnes,  the  fighting  McCooks  and 
others  as  among  the  notable  ones  produced  in  this  republic.  She  mar- 
ried John  Hooker,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1 84 1.  Mr.  Hooker  is  a 
lawyer  who  has  achieved  a  standing  in  his  profession  and  has  refused 
a  seat  on  the  supreme  court  bench  of  his  native  state.  Soon  after 
their  marriage  the  couple  moved  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  where  they  have 
since  resided.  Mrs.  Hooker  has  continued  since  her  marriage  her 
efforts  in  the  direction  of  attaining  woman  suffrage.  She  is  one  of 
the  best  kno'wm  living  exponents  of  the  claims  of  the  women  who 
want  to  vote.  She  has  written  much  and  well,  and  has  talked  much 
and  well.  She  was  one  of  the  conspicuous  figures  in  the  Woman's 
Department  of  the  World's  Fair  in  1893.  At  the  golden  wedding  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hooker  occurred  something  phenomenal.  The  event 
took  place  August  5,  1 89 1;  Senator  Joseph  B.  Hawley  acted  as  mas- 
ter of  ceremonies,  and  there  was  a  demonstration  such  as  Hartford  has 
rarely  seen;  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state  paid  their 
respects  in  a  body,  and  woman's  movements  were  represented  by  dis- 
tinguished representatives  such  as  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  others.  It 
was  an  event  of  note  of  the  day.  Such  demonstration  from  such 
people  could  have  come  to  no  ordinary  person.  In  a  green  old  age 
Mrs.   Hooker   is   still   the   center   of   an   earnest   circle   of   reformers- 

296 


ISABELLA  BEECHER  HOOKER. 

297 


WILFRID   LAURIER. 


BRILLIANT  and  magnetic,  if  not  always  logical,  with  unquestioned 
sincerity  in  his  devotion  to  principle  and  with  an  enthusiasm  that 
is  infectious.  Sir  Wilfrid  Laurier,  the  leader  of  the  Liberal  party  in 
Canada,  belongs  to  the  dramatic  school  of  statesmen.  He  was  born 
in  St.  Lin,  Quebec,  November  20,  1 84 1.  He  was  educated  at  L'As- 
somption  College,  graduated  in  law  at  McGill  University,  and  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1865.  From  J  87 1  to  1874  he  was  in  the  Quebec 
Assembly.  He  then  entered  the  Dominion  Parliament,  and  in  1877 
v/as  appointed  Minister  of  Inland  Revenue  in  the  Mackenzie  government^ 
a  position  which  he  held  until  the  resignation  of  the  Ministry,  in  1878. 
Since  that  year  he  has  held  no  office,  though  he  has  continued  to  sit 
in  Parliament.  Upon  the  retirement  of  Edward  Blake  from  the  Lib- 
eral leadership,  in  1887,  M.  Laurier,  who  had  already  been  recognized 
as  the  head  of  the  French-Canadian  wing  of  the  party,  was  unani- 
mously chosen  to  succeed  him.  He  has  since  been  knighted  for  his  ser- 
vices to  the  cause  which  he  represents.  He  was  violently  outspoken  in  his 
denunciation  of  the  execution  of  Louis  Riel,  and  demanded  the  latter's 
exemption  from  punishment  upon  the  ground  of  his  nationality.  Sir 
Wilfrid  was  at  one  time  editor  of  "Le  Defricheur,"  is  an  earnest  advo- 
cate of  temperance,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Dominion  Prohibitory 
Convention  at  Montreal  in  1875.  Impassioned  and  eloquent  in  debate 
and  on  the  platform.  Sir  Wilfrid  Laurier  has  an  enthusiastic  following, 
especially  with  the  extreme  wing  of  the  Liberal  party,  and  is  respected 
for  his  marked  ability  even  by  his  political  opponents.  His  power 
over  his  French-Canadian  followers  is  absolute  and  they  are  devoted  to 
him,    heart   and   soul. 

298 


WILFRID  LAURIER. 

299 


VICTOR  F.  LAWSON. 


IT  has  come  to  few  men  to  reap  greater  profit  from  journalism  than 
has  Victor  F.  Lawson.  He  was  born  in  Chicago,  September  9, 
1850.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Norway,  who  came  to  the  United 
States  prior  to  1840  and  soon  after  settled  in  Chicago,  where  he  accu- 
mulated a  handsome  estate,  including  the  premises  at  123  Fifth  avenue, 
now  occupied  by  the  "Daily  News."  Mr.  Lawson  received  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools,  graduating  in  the  high  school  in  1869, 
and  later  attending  Phillips  Academy  in  Massachusetts  and  Cambridge 
University.  Returning  to  Chicago,  he  engaged  in  the  business  as  man- 
ager of  his  father's  estate  and  publisher  of  the  "  Skandinavian."  In 
July,  1876,  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  "Daily  News"  and  assumed 
the  business  management  of  that  paper.  The  subsequent  remarkable 
success  of  the  "News"  was  due  in  no  small  degree  to  the  industry, 
enterprise  and  capital  which  Mr.  Lawson  put  into  the  concern.  In 
March,  1881,  Mr.  Lawson  and  his  partner,  Melville  E.  Stone,  began 
to  issue  a  morning  edition  of  the  paper,  which  was  called  the  "  Morn- 
ing News,"  later  the  "  Record."  Mr.  Stone  was  soon  afterward 
bought  out  by  Mr.  Lawson,  but  the  successful  career  of  the  two  news- 
papers continued,  and  is  among  the  phenomena  of  journalistic  triumphs 
of  the  time.  The  income  from  the  papers  is  very  great,  and  Mr. 
Lawson  has  become  a  rich  man.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  pub- 
lic affairs  and  the  general  welfare  of  the  community.  Each  summer 
thousands  of  poor  children  have  a  happier  life  because  of  his  Fresh 
Air  Sanitarium  in  Lincoln  Park,  and  in  various  other  ways  has  he 
manifested  his  regard  for  the  obligations  attaching  to  him,  and  which 
have   resuked   in   so   much   good. 


VICTOR  F.  LAWSON. 

301 


MARY  ELIZABETH   LEASE. 


WHETHER  or  not  one  may  agree  with  the  views  of  the  remark- 
able woman  whose  name  has  become  familiar  because  of  its 
frequent  appearance  in  the  political  news  from  Kansas,  there  will  be 
little  inclination  to  deny  her  vigor  and  enthusiasm  or  her  gift  ot  express- 
ive language.  Mary  Elizabeth  Lease  was  born  in  Pennsylvarua,  Sep- 
tember 11,  1853.  Her  parents  were  Joseph  P.  Clyens  and  Mar\  Eliz- 
abeth Murray  Clyens.  She  was  educated  in  the  Allegheny,  N.  '/., 
convent  school,  and  in  the  Young  Ladies'  Seminary  at  Ceres,  N.  Y. 
She  married  Charles  L.  Lease  in  1873,  and  has  for  some  years  beeri 
a  resident  of  Wichita,  Kan.  She  visited  Great  Britain  and  Canada, 
and,  impressed  with  reform  ideas,  made  a  study  of  what  she  saw. 
She  took  up  the  study  of  the  law,  and  of  recent  years  has  been 
actively  engaged  in  politics.  The  political  revolution  in  Kansas  brought 
her  to  the  front,  and  she  became  prominent  as  a  Populist  leader, 
attracting  special  attention  by  her  bitter  opposition  to  the  re-election  of 
John  J.  Ingalls  as  United  States  senator,  and  later,  in  the  last  presi- 
dential campaign,  by  her  Southern  speaking  tour  in  company  with 
General  Weaver,  the  Populist  candidate.  She  was  appointed  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  charitable  institutions  of  the  state  of  Kan- 
sas and  has  held  other  places  of  official  trust.  Impulsive,  ambitious 
and  eloquent,  and  living  in  a  state  where  political  experiments  have 
found  their  trial  field,  Mrs.  Lease  has  acquired  a  reputation  all  her 
own,  and  one  fairly  the  result  of  her  own  intellect  and  courage.  She 
would,  perhaps,  have  a  better  following  were  her  views  less  radical 
and  her  course  less  aggressive  toward  those  she  does  not  like  in  poli- 
tics,  but   she   has  at   least   the   courage   of   her   convictions. 


MARY  ELIZABETH  LEASE. 
303 


CHARLES  B.  LEWIS. 


GENERAL  writers  of  wit,  humor,  pathos  and  descriptive  narrative 
are  by  no  means  few  in  the  American  field  of  journalism,  but 
none  has  gained  a  wider  reputation  in  his  particular  line  than  Charles 
B.  Lewis,  better  known  by  his  pen-name  of  "M.  Quad."  Mr,  Lewis 
was  born  in  northern  Ohio  early  in  the  forties,  and,  after  receiving  a 
common-school  education,  learned  the  printer's  trade.  Desiring  to  better 
his  condition,  and  hearing  of  an  opening  in  Maysville,  Ky.,  he  started 
for  that  place,  and  came  very  near  losing  his  life  in  consequence.  The 
steamboat  on  which  he  took  passage  on  the  Ohio  river  was  blown  to 
atoms  by  the  explosion  of  its  boiler,  and  for  several  months  Mr.  Lewis 
hovered  between  life  and  death  in  a  Cincinnati  hospital.  When  the 
war  broke  out  he  went  to  the  front  with  the  Seventh  Michigan  cav- 
alry, and  served  with  his  regiment  throughout  the  conflict.  After  being 
mustered  out  he  went  to  Michigan  and  again  took  up  the  printer's 
trade.  He  was  connected  for  a  time  with  the  Pontiac  "  Bill  Poster," 
and  then  drifted  to  Lansing,  where  one  winter  he  was  engaged  to  act 
as  legislative  correspondent  for  the  Detroit  "Free  Press."  He  subse- 
quently went  to  Detroit  and  became  a  reporter  for  the  "Free  Press," 
continuing  his  connection  with  that  paper  for  over  twenty-five  years. 
He  made  himself  and  his  paper  famous  with  his  short  stories  and  arti- 
cles depicting  the  humorous  and  pathetic  phases  of  city  life.  A  few 
years  ago  he  became  connected  with  a  New  York  paper,  and  since 
that  time  has  resided  in  Brooklyn.  He  is  now  on  the  staff  of  the 
American  Press  Association.  Mr.  Lewis  has  written  a  number  of  nov- 
els that  have  been  well  received,  but  he  is  best  known  and  most  ad- 
mired as  a  humorist, 


CHARLES  B.  LEWIS. 

305 


SARA  JANE   LIPPINCOTT. 


DESERVING  to  be  remembered  always  as  the  pioneer  in  the  pres- 
ent well-occupied  field  of  magazines  for  children,  Mrs.  Sara  J. 
Lippincott  still  occupies  a  place  in  the  esteem  of  thousands  of  men  and 
women  who  think  of  her  only  as  "Grace  Greenwood,"  the  editor  of 
the  "Little  Pilgrim/'  and  the  author  of  many  entertaining  books 
and  short  stories.  Mrs.  Lippincott  is  now  living  quietly  in  her  pleas- 
ant home  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and  is  still  a  great  friend  of  the 
children.  She  was  born  in  Pompey,  Onondaga  County,  N.  Y.,  Sep- 
tember 23,  J  823.  Much  of  her  childhood  was  passed  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  but  in  1842  she  removed  with  her  father  to  New  Brighton, 
Pa.,  and  in  1853  married  Leander  K.  Lippincott,  of  Philadelphia.  She 
published  occasional  verses  at  an  early  age  under  her  own  name,  and 
in  1 844  her  first  prose  publications  appeared  in  the  New  York  "  Mir- 
ror," under  the  pen-name  of  "Grace  Greenwood,"  which  she  has  since 
retained.  For  a  number  of  years  she  edited  in  Philadelphia  the  "Lit- 
tle Pilgrim,"  a  high-class  juvenile  monthly  magazine,  which  attained  a 
wide  popularity.  She  is  also  the  author  of  many  addresses  and  lec- 
tures, and  has  been  largely  connected  with  periodical  literature  as 
editor,  contributor  and  newspaper  correspondent.  "  Ariadne  "  is  probably 
the  best  known  of  her  poems.  Among  her  books  are  "Greenwood 
Leaves,"  "History  of  My  Pets,"  "Poems,"  "Recollections  of  My  Child- 
hood," "Haps  and  Mishaps  of  a  Tour  in  Europe,"  "  Merrie  England," 
''  Forest  Tragedy  and  Other  Tales,"  "  Stories  and  Legends  of  Travel," 
^  History  for  Children,"  "  Stories  from  Famous  Ballads,"  "  Stories  of 
Many  Lands,"  "Stories  and  Sights  in  France  and  Italy,"  "Records  of 
Five   Years,"   and   "  New   Life   in   New   Lands." 

306 


SARA  JANE  LIPPINCOTT. 

307 


IDA  LEWIS. 


WHAT  the  story  of  Grace  Darling  is  to  Great  Britain,  that  of 
Ida  Lewis  is  to  America.  Ida  Lewis  was  born  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  in  1841.  Her  father,  Capt.  Hosea  Lewis,  was  keeper  of  the 
Lime  Rock  lighthouse  in  Newport  harbor,  and  the  daughter  became  in 
early  life  a  skilled  swimmer  and  oarswoman.  She  is  now  a  lithe, 
active  woman  of  fifty-two,  and  is  still  at  the  lighthouse  and  the  work 
she  did  so  many  years  ago.  She  has  rescued  sixteen  persons  from 
drowning,  and  was  only  a  slight  girl  of  seventeen  when  her  first  res- 
cue was  made,  a  very  daring  one,  of  the  crew  of  a  boat  upset  near 
the  lighthouse  in  a  storm.  The  next  morning  she  rowed  them  over 
to  Fort  Adams,  whence  an  attempt  had  been  made  to  launch  a  boat 
but  had  been  abandoned  as  hopeless.  There  was  astonishment  at  the 
Fort  when  she  arrived  with  those  whom  she  had  rescued.  Many 
similar  feats  of  bravery  have  followed.  The  United  States  Goverment 
recogni2ed  the  heroism  of  Miss  Lewis  and  bestowed  upon  her  a  gold 
medal  of  the  first  class,  the  first  ever  given  to  a  woman.  The  Humane 
Society  of  Massachusetts  has  given  her  a  silver  medal,  and  the  Life  Sav- 
ing Benevolent  Society  of  New  York  has  done  the  same.  Her  snug 
little  home  is  filled  with  testimonials  of  recogr.i.'^n  of  her  heroism. 
She  is  one  of  the  happiest  of  women  in  her  increasing  age.  Her 
soft,  abundant  hair  is  scarcely  tinged  with  gray,  and  her  bright  eyes 
are  full  of  contentment.  She  has  suffered  grave  losses  of  friends  and 
relations,  but  her  cheeks  have  the  hue  that  the  sea  air  gives  and  she 
is  sturdy  and  joyous  and  buoyant  all  the  time.  She  breakfasts  at 
six,  has  enough  to  occupy  all  her  time,  and  is  almost  the  ideal  of  a 
cheerful   philosophical   Christian. 


-^^ 


^ 

m 


IDA  LEWIS. 
309 


HENRY   CABOT   LODGE. 


THOUGH  one  of  the  youngest  of  the  senators  of  the  United  States, 
Henry  Cabot  Lodge  is  by  no  means  the  least  conspicuous.  He 
■was  born  in  Boston,  May  12,  1850,  and  is  a  member  of  one  of  the 
oldest  New  England  families.  He  graduated  from  Harvard  University 
in  J 87 1.  Three  years  later  he  graduated  from  the  law  school,  and 
in  1875  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  for  his  thesis  on  the  Land  law 
of  the  Anglo-Saxons.  The  quality  of  his  acquirements  and  his  natu- 
ral talent  were  soon  recognized,  and  he  was  appointed  to  the  position 
of  university  lecturer  on  American  history.  At  about  the  same  time 
he  accepted  the  position  of  editor  of  the  *''  North  American  Review." 
He  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  legislature  in  1880  and  re-elected 
in  J  881.  He  acquired  rapidly  a  prominence  in  party  councils,  serving 
for  two  years  as  chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Central  Committee 
and  appearing  as  a  delegate  in  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1880  and  1884.  In  1884  he  became  a  candidate  for  Congress  and 
was  defeated,  but  was  successful  in  1888.  He  served  in  the  Fiftieth, 
Fifty-first  and  Fifty-second  Congresses  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Fifty- 
third.  In  1893,  with  the  expiration  of  the  senatorial  term  of  Henry 
L.  Dawes,  Mr.  Lodge  was  elected  for  the  term  expiring  in  1899.  Mr. 
Lodge  has  been  an  overseer  of  Harvard  University  since  1884  and  is 
widely  known  as  a  man  of  letters.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number 
of  books,  among  which  are  "Life  and  Letters  of  George  Cabot,"  a 
"  Short  History  of  English  Colonies  in  America,"  a  "  Life  of  Daniel 
Webster,"  and  "  Studies  in  History."  He  is  a  man  of  wonderful 
ability,  and  although  not  a  conspicuous  partisan  his  voice  is  potent  in 
the   councils   of   his   party. 

3!0 


HENRY  CABOT  LODGE. 

31J 


MARY   SIMMERSON   CUNNINGHAM   LOGAN. 


CURRENT  history  affords  no  more  striking  example  of  how  the 
wife  of  a  great  man  may  become  identified  with  her  husband's 
career,  appearing  as  his  best  adviser  in  the  gravest  crisis  of  political 
and  civil  life,  than  has  been  furnished  by  the  wife  of  the  late  Senator 
John  A.  Logan.  Before  her  marriage  Mrs.  Logan  was  Mary  Sim- 
merson  Cunningham,  daughter  of  John  M.  Cunningham,  of  Missouri. 
She  was  born  August  15,  J  838,  in  Petersburg,  Boone  County,  Mo., 
and  was  educated  in  the  Convent  of  St.  Vincent,  in  Kentucky.  On 
leaving  that  institution  she  assisted  her  father,  who  had  been  elected 
sheriff  and  county  clerk  of  Williamson  County,  Missouri,  and  appointed 
register  of  the  land  office  at  Shawneetown,  III.  While  thus  engaged 
she  met  John  A.  Logan,  then  prosecuting  attorney,  and  was  married 
to  him  November  27,  1855.  During  the  years  that  her  husband  was 
winning  fame  on  the  battle-field  she  conducted  the  affairs  of  the  home- 
stead and  the  small  farm  attached,  and  lent  all  the  aid  possible  to  his 
advancement.  When  General  Logan  appeared  in  politics,  after  the  war, 
she  manifested  an  active  interest  in  his  political  affairs,  and  greatly 
assisted  him  by  her  earnest,  tactful  work.  At  the  time  of  his  nomi- 
nation for  the  vice-presidency  with  Mr,  Blaine,  it  was  she  who 
restrained  the  impetuosity  of  her  husband,  who  would  have  scorned  the 
nomination,  and  prevented  any  differences  between  the  leaders  of  the 
party.  Mrs.  Logan  was  one  of  the  most  gracious  and  popular  host- 
esses during  her  husband's  senatorial  career.  His  death  very  nearly 
caused  her  own  also,  but  recovering  her  health  she  became  editor  of 
the  "  Home  Journal "  of  Washington,  and  is  still  a  prominent  factor  in 
various   public   enterprises. 

312 


^""^ 


MARY  SIMMERSON  CUNNINGHAM  LOGAN. 
3J3 


JAMES   LONGSTREET. 


THE  man  who  was  considered  the  hardest  fighter  in  the  Confeder- 
ate service  during  the  Civil  war,  and  who  was  known  in  the 
army  as  "Old  Pete,"  is  now  living  quietly  on  a  farm  near  Gaines- 
ville, Ga.  Gen.  James  Longstreet  was  born  in  the  Edgefield  district, 
Hamburg,  S.  C,  January  8,  182 J.  He  removed  with  his  mother  to 
Alabama  in  J 83 1,  and  was  appointed  from  that  state  to  the  United 
States  Military  Academy,  where  he  graduated  in  1842.  After  serving 
on  garrison  and  frontier  duty  for  several  years,  his  regiment  partici- 
pated in  the  war  with  Mexico,  where  his  conspicuous  bravery  won 
him  repeated  promotions,  culminating  in  the  rank  of  brevet  major.  He 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  storming  of  Chapultepec.  After  the  war 
he  served  as  adjutant,  captain  and  paymaster,  chiefly  on  the  Texas 
frontier,  until  1861,  when  he  resigned.  In  that  year  he  was  commis- 
sioned brigadier-general  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  after  the  first  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run  was  promoted  to  major-general.  His  brilliant  war 
record  is  well  known.  Early  in  1864  he  was  wounded  by  the  fire 
of  his  own  troops  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  and  a  year  later 
was  included  in  the  surrender  at  Appomattox.  He  had  the  unbounded 
confidence  of  his  soldiers,  who  were  devoted  to  him.  After  the  war 
he  engaged  in  commercial  business  in  New  Orleans,  and  affiliated  with 
the  Republican  party.  He  was  appointed  surveyor  of  customs  of  the 
port  of  New  Orleans  by  President  Grant;  supervisor  of  internal  rev- 
enue, postmaster  at  New  Orleans  and  Minister  to  Turkey  by  Presi- 
dent Hayes,  and  United  States  marshal  for  the  district  of  Georgia  by 
President  Garfield.  Gainesville,  in  the  latter  state,  has  since  been  his 
home. 

314 


JAMES  LONGSTREET. 

315 


DALTON  McCarthy. 


^  I  ^HE  leader  of  a  party  which  is  but  a  skeleton  army,  Dalton 
X  McCarthy  yet  occupies  an  enviable  position,  so  far  as  his  stand- 
ing in  the  eyes  of  the  people  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada  is  concerned. 
He  is  about  fifty  years  of  age  at  the  present  time,  and  was  for  many 
years  a  barrister  of  prominence  in  Barrie,  Ontario.  None  in  his  pro- 
fession occupied  a  higher  standing  at  the  bar.  He  moved  to  Toronto, 
where  his  success  was  continued.  He  became  a  queen's  counsel,  tak- 
ing a  lively  interest  in  politics,  and  became  eventually  a  member  of 
the  Dominion  Parliament.  He  attached  himself  to  the  Conservatives 
and  soon  acquired  prominence  in  its  councils.  The  time  came  when 
certain  differences  of  opinion  between  him  and  the  leaders  of  the  party 
became  so  marked  that  he  separated  from  them,  though  his  affiliations 
did  not  extend  in  the  direction  of  the  Liberals.  He  became  the  rec- 
ognized head  of  what  was  known  as  the  Equal  Rights  party,  or 
league,  something  which  may  be  explained  to  American  readers  as  cor- 
responding in  a  measure  with  the  so-called  "Mugwumps"  of  the 
United  States,  that  is,  those  who  form  a  mJddle  party— a  sort  of  bal- 
ance-wheel. The  party  has  never  become  dominant  in  Canada,  but 
has  always  been  respected  alike  by  Conservatives  and  Liberals.  At 
the  recent  election  in  Ontario  it  cut  no  figure,  but  is  still  an  existent 
entity.  Mr.  McCarthy,  aside  from  being  a  jurist  of  admitted  great 
ability,  is  a  fluent  and  ready  debater  and  a  forceful  man  in  support  of 
any  measure  which  he  may  countenance  in  the  Dominion  Parliament. 
He  is  one  of  the  strong  and  admirable  figures  in  Canadian  politics.  His 
followers  believe  firmly  in  him  and  those  who  oppose  his  measures 
recognize   his   power. 

316 


DALTON  MCCARTHY. 

3J7 


ALEXANDER   KELLY   McCLURE. 


STERNLY  opposed  to  machine  power  in  party  management,  and 
official  incompetency  and  dishonesty  in  public  office,  Alexander  K. 
McCIurc,  the  able  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  ''Times/'  is  widely  known 
as  a  champion  of  pure  politics.  He  was  born  in  Sherman's  Valley, 
Perry  County,  Pa.,  January  9,  J  828,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  was 
apprenticed  to  the  tanner's  trade.  In  1846  he  began  the  publication  of 
a  Whig  paper,  the  "Sentinel,"  at  Mifflin,  Pa.  He  sold  this  paper  in 
J 850,  purchased  an  inteiest  in  the  Chambersburg  "Repository,"  became 
its  editor,  and  made  it  one  of  the  most  noted  anti-slavery  Journals  in 
the  state.  In  1853  he  was  the  Whig  candidate  for  the  position  of 
auditor-general,  being  the  youngest  man  ever  nominated  for  a  state 
office  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that 
organized  the  Republican  party  in  1855,  and  of  the  National  Convention 
that  nominated  Fremont  for  the  presidency  in  1856.  In  the  latter  year 
he  sold  thf:  "Repository,"  quitted  journalism,  and  shortly  thereafter  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  served  in  the  Legislature  and  State  Senate 
from  1857  to  1860.  In  1862  he  repurchased  the  Chambersburg  "Re- 
pository," but  lost  it  in  the  burning  of  Chambersburg  in  1864.  In 
1868  he  settled  in  Philadelphia  and  practiced  law.  He  supported  Hor- 
ace Greeley  in  the  campaign  of  1872,  and  was  elected  as  an  Independ- 
ent Republican  to  the  State  Senate.  In  the  following  year  he  was 
an  independent  candidate  for  the  mayoralty  of  Philadelphia,  and  was 
defeated  by  a  small  plurality.  Deciding  to  return  to  journalism,  he 
joined  Frank  McLaughlin  in  the  establishment  of  the  "Times,"  a  daily 
newspaper,  in  1873,  and  since  its  foundation  he  has  been  its  editor-in- 
chief. 


ALEXANDER  KELLY  McCLURE. 

3J9 


ALEXANDER   McD.   McCOOK. 


A  GREAT  family  are  those  McCooks;  they  know  something;  they 
are  cultivated  and  intellectual,  but  they  will  fight  on  every  pos- 
sible occasion.  It  is  doubtful,  if  in  the  history  of  the  United  States 
any  other  single  family  in  two  generations  has  ever  made  such  a  fight- 
ing record  as  have  these  same  McCooks.  The  Doones,  of  whom 
Blackmore  tells  us,  were  hardly  comparable  with  the  McCooks,  though 
the  latter  have  fought  only  for  the  right.  There  were  and  are  two 
branches  of  the  family,  known  in  Ohio  as  the  "fighting  McCooks," 
which  branches  are  known  respectively  as  the  "Dan  tribe"  and  the 
"John  tribe."  They  are  simply  a  good  American  family  who  acquired 
an  astonishing  reputation  during  the  Civil  war.  Gen.  Alexander 
McCook  is  but  one  of  the  family — there  were  sixteen  fighting  McCooks 
in  the  Civil  war,  all  officers,  except  one  who  was  killed  at  Bull  Run 
in  the  first  fight,  and  they  made  records  of  note.  Of  course,  such 
people  go  to  West  Point,  when  they  can.  Gen.  Alexander  McCook 
was  born  on  a  farm  near  New  Lisbon,  Columbiana  County,  Ohio, 
April  22,  1831.  He  entered  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at 
West  Point,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1852.  At  the  opening  of 
the  Civil  war  he  was  made  colonel  of  the  First  Ohio  regiment,  and 
from  that  time  his  record  was  but  improved  with  successive  campaigns. 
He  was  made  a  major-general  for  distinguished  services  at  the  battle  of 
Shiloh,  was  later  in  command  of  the  army  of  the  Cumberland,  and, 
later  still,  of  one  of  the  trans-Mississippi  departments.  His  appointment 
to  the  command  of  the  department  of  the  Colorado  was  but  a  just  rec- 
ognition of  his  service  and  ability.  General  McCook  deserves  the 
gratitude   of  the   whole   nation. 

320 


ALEXANDER  McD.  McCOOK. 

321 


WAYNE   MacVEAGH. 


Tf  TTEASURES  and  movements  designed  to  purify  politics  and  estab- 
lYX  lish  governmental  reforms  have  ever  had  a  stanch  advocate  in 
Wayne  MacVeagh,  of  Pennsylvania,  who  has  found  it  easy  to  snap 
party  ties  in  the  interest  of  what  he  conceives  to  be  a  patriotic  duty. 
That  is  why,  after  holding  high  public  positions  by  the  grace  of  the 
Republican  party,  he  is  now  United  States  Ambassador  to  Italy  by 
appointment  of  a  Democratic  President.  Mr.  MacVeagh  was  born  in 
Phoenixville,  Chester  County,  Pa.,  April  19,  1833.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1853,  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  served  as 
district  attorney  of  Chester  County  from  1859  until  1864.  He  was 
captain  of  cavalry  in  1862,  when  the  invasion  of  Pennsylvania  was 
threatened,  and  in  1863  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  Central  Com- 
mittee of  Pennsylvania.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  United  States  Min- 
ister to  Turkey,  returning  the  following  year,  and  in  1872  became  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Constitutional  Convention.  He  was  the 
chief  member  of  the  "MacVeagh  Commission"  that  was  sent  to  Louisi- 
ana in  1877  by  President  Hayes  to  represent  him  unofficially,  and  to 
endeavor  to  bring  the  conflicting  parties  in  that  state  to  an  understand- 
ing. In  1881  he  was  appointed  United  States  Attorney-General  in  the 
cabinet  of  President  Garfield,  but  resigned  on  the  accession  of  President 
Arthur,  and  resumed  his  law  practice  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  for 
several  years  chairman  of  the  Civil  Service  Reform  Association  of  that 
city,  and  also  of  the  Indian  Rights  Association.  In  December,  1893, 
the  embassy  to  Italy  was  offered  by  President  Cleveland  to  Mr.  Mac- 
Veagh, who  accepted  it,  and  soon  after  took  up  his  residence  in  that 
coimtry. 


WAYNE  MacVEAGH. 
323 


JOHN   WILLIAM   MACKAY. 


THE  most  noted  and  perhaps  the  most  romantic  incident  in  the 
mining  history  of  this  country  was  the  discovery,  in  1872,  of 
the  famous  Bonanza  mines,  with  their  fabulous  deposits  of  silver  and 
gold.  The  name  most  prominently  connected  with  this  discovery  was 
that  of  John  W.  Mackay,  who  became  widely  known  as  the  chief  of 
the  "Bonanza  Kings."  Mr.  Mackay  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland, 
November  28,  1831.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  New  York  in 
1840,  where  he  was  later  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  ship  building,  but 
in  1849  he  caught  the  gold  fever  and  went  to  California,  where  he 
lived  a  miner's  life  for  several  years  with  varying  fortunes.  He 
acquired  a  technical  and  practical  knowledge  of  mining,  and  in  1860 
left  California  for  Nevada,  where,  in  1872,  he  was  among  those  who 
discovered  the  "Bonanza"  mines  on  a  ledge  of  rock  in  the  Sierra 
Nevadas,  under  what  is  now  Virginia  City.  The  incident  changed 
the  face  of  the  silver  markets  of  the  world.  The  mines  were  owned 
by  John  W.  Mackay,  James  C.  Flood,  James  G.  Fair  (afterward  sena- 
tor from  Nevada)  and  William  O'Brien,  but  Mr.  Mackay 's  interest  was 
double  that  of  any  of  his  partners.  From  one  mine  alone  was  taken 
$150,000,000  in  silver  and  gold,  and  the  active  yield  of  all  of  them 
continued  for  several  years,  during  which  time  Mr.  Mackay  personally 
superintended  them.  In  1878,  with  Flood  and  Fair,  he  founded  the 
Bank  of  Nevada,  with  its  headquarters  in  San  Francisco,  and  in  1884, 
in  partnership  with  James  Gordon  Bennett,  he  laid  two  cables  across 
the  Atlantic.  In  1893  an  atteteipt  was  made  on  Mr.  Mackay's  life  by 
a  crank  in  the  Grand  Palace  Hotel,  San  Francisco.  He  received  a 
serious   pistol-shot   wound,  from   which,   however,   he   recovered. 

324 


JOHN  WILLIAM  MACKAY. 
325 


BRANDER   MATTHEWS. 


YOUNG  man  though  he  be,  it  is  doubtful  if  among  the  writers 
and  critics  of  the  United  States  any  one  is  more  widely  known 
than  Brander  Matthews.  He  was  born  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  Febru- 
ary 21,  1852,  but  his  education  was  attained  in  the  North.  He  grad- 
uated at  Columbia  College  in  1871,  and  studied  law  in  1873,  being 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  same  year.  Then,  instead  of  practicing 
law,  he  promptly  turned  his  attention  to  literature.  He  wrote  plays, 
and  later  contributed  freely  to  periodicals,  using  the  pseudonym 
"Arthur  Perm."  He  has  been  active  in  all  things  pertaining  to  the 
profession.  He  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Authors'  Club,  and  was 
prominent  in  organizing  the  American  Copyright  League  and  the  Dun- 
lap  Society.  Among  his  publications  have  been  "The  Theatres  of 
Paris,"  "French  Dramatists  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,"  "The  Home 
Library,"  "The  Last  Meeting,"  "A  Secret  of  the  Sea,"  pen  and  ink 
essays  on  subjects  of  more  or  less  importance,  and  several  other  works 
of  equal  quality.  His  plays  include  "  Margery's  Lovers,"  "  This  Pic- 
ture and  That,"  "A  Gold  Mine,"  and  others  of  relative  importance. 
He  has  edited  various  publications,  such  as  the  "Rhymster,"  "Poems 
of  American  Patriotism,"  "  Sheridan's  Comedies,"  "  Ballads  of  a  Book," 
and  others  of  their  class.  He  is  a  most  industrious  editor  as  well  as 
writer.  He,  as  a  critic,  is  becoming  daily  more  and  more  widely 
known  and  becoming  so,  to  a  great  extent,  because  he  is  fair  and 
just,  giving  credit  where  it  is  honestly  due,  whether  the  work  to  be 
criticised  is  the  product  of  an  unknown  writer  or  a  prominent  author. 
It  is  not  only  his  literary  ability  but  his  sense  of  justice  which  is  giving 
him   prominence. 


BRANDER  MATTHEWS. 

327 


BERTHA   HONORE   PALMER. 


EVENTS  proved  that  no  mistake  was  made  in  placing  at  the  head 
of  the  Woman's  Department  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition 
so  popular  and  capable  a  lady  as  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer.  As  president 
of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  she  filled  her  position  with  such  grace 
and  dignity,  such  tact  and  intelligence,  and  such  rare  administrative 
ability  as  to  excite  the  admiration  of  the  world.  Mrs.  Palmer  was 
born  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  her  childhood  and  early  girlhood  were 
spent.  Her  father,  H.  H.  Honore,  was  of  French  descent,  and  her 
mother  belonged  to  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  aristocratic  Southern 
families.  She  received  her  education  in  a  convent  near  Baltimore,  Md., 
and  afterward  removed  with  her  family  to  Chicago,  where  her  father 
became  an  extensive  property  owner.  In  1871  she  was  married  to 
Potter  Palmer,  one  of  Chicago's  wealthiest  citizens,  and  proprietor  of 
the  famous  Palmer  House.  Mrs.  Palmer  has  traveled  much,  and  has 
a  large  acquaintance  among  distinguished  people  at  home  and  abroad. 
Her  mental  acquirements  and  inherited  grace  and  refinement  have  made 
her  a  leader  in  society,  while  her  contributions  to  city  and  state  chari- 
ties are  only  surpassed  by  the  good  she  privately  does.  During  the 
World's  Fair  of  1893  she  gained  world-wide  fame  as  president  of  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  and  it  was  universally  conceded  that  a  bet- 
ter selection  for  that  responsible  office  could  not  have  been  made. 
Under  her  administration  the  Woman's  Department  attained  proportions 
which  formed  one  of  the  most  remarkable  developments  of  the  Exposi- 
tion. The  Palmer  residence  on  the  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago,  is 
one  of  the  handsomest  in  a  city  noted  for  its  beautiful  homes.  It  is 
built   in  the   style   of   an   old   feudal   castle. 

328 


BERTHA  HONORE  PALMER. 
329 


JOSEPH   MEDILL. 


rthe  forefront  of  American  journalism  stands  a  man  whose  fame  is 
as  inseparably  associated  with  that  of  the  Chicago  "Tribune"  as 
was  Horace  Greeley's  with  that  of  the  New  York  "Tribune"  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago.  Joseph  Medill  was  born  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, Canada,  April  6,  J  823.  He  removed  with  his  parents  to  Stark 
County,  Ohio,  in  J  831,  and  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age 
worked  on  his  father's  farm.  Subsequently  he  studied  law,  and  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  New  Philadelphia,  Ohio,  in  J  846.  In 
J  849  he  founded  a  Free-Soil  Whig  paper  at  Coshocton,  Ohio,  and 
thenceforth  devoted  himself  to  Journalism.  In  J  852  he  established  the 
"Leader,"  a  Free-Soil  Whig  paper,  at  Cleveland,  and  in  1854  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Republican  party  in  Ohio.  Shortly  after  this 
event  he  removed  to  Chicago,  and  in  May,  1855,  he  and  two  partners 
purchased  the  Chicago  "Tribune,"  which  has  ever  since  been  conducted 
as  a  Republican  journal.  Mr.  Medill  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1870,  when  the  organic  law  of  Illinois  was 
revised,  and  was  the  author  of  the  minority  representation  and  several 
other  provisions  of  that  law.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Grant  a  member  of  the  first  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission, 
and  in  the  following  year  was  elected  mayor  of  Chicago  by  an 
immense  majority  on  the  so-called  "fire-proof"  ticket.  He  spent  a  year 
in  Europe  in  1873-74,  and  upon  his  return  purchased  the  controlling 
interest  in  the  "Tribune,"  of  which  he  became  and  now  is  editor-in- 
chief.  Mr.  Medill  has  a  winter  residence  in  Southern  California,  where 
he  spends  a  portion  of  each  year,  but  is  still  active  and  vigorous  in 
the   editorial   management   of  his   newspaper. 

330 


JOSEPH  MEDILL. 

331 


WILLIAM  RALPH   MEREDITH. 


A  STRIKING  figure  in  the  legislature  of  Canada's  great  Province 
of  Ontario  is  William  Ralph  Meredith,  leader  of  the  opposition 
in  that  body.  He  was  bom  in  Westminster  Township,  Middlesex 
County,  Ontario,  March  31,  1840,  graduated  in  1859  at  Toronto  Uni- 
versity, and  later  began  the  practice  of  law  in  London,  Ontario,  where 
he  soon  achieved  a  high  standing.  In  1888  he  removed  to  Toronto, 
of  which  city  he  is  now  city  solicitor,  and  became  the  head  of  one  of 
the  largest  law  firms  there.  In  March,  1876,  he  was  appointed  a 
Queen's  Counsel  by  the  Ontario  Government,  and  in  October,  1880,  he 
received  a  like  honor  from  the  Dominion  Government.  The  degree  of 
LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  University  of  Toronto  in  May, 
1889.  Mr.  Meredith  has  long  been  looked  upon  as  one  who  will 
surely  attain  to  a  high  position  in  the  Canadian  judiciary,  but  hitherto 
he  has  declined  all  overtures  in  that  direction,  doubtless,  it  is  said, 
because  of  the  position  he  occupies  as  leader  of  his  party  in  the  legis- 
lative assembly,  and  also  because  he  looks  to  Ottawa  as  a  larger  field 
of  politici.1  possibilities  for  him.  In  1872  Mr.  Meredith  was  elected  to 
represent  London  in  the  Ontario  Assembly.  In  1878,  on  the  elevation 
to  the  bench  of  the  late  Sir  Matthews  Crooks  Cameron,  he  was  unan- 
imously chosen  as  that  gentleman's  successor  in  the  leadership  of  the 
Conservatives  in  the  legislature.  He  is  a  man  of  striking  and  agree- 
able personal  appearance,  a  fluent  speaker,  and  has,  apparently,  the  full 
confidence  of  the  political  party  to  which  he  belongs  and  in  the  coun- 
cils of  which  he  leads.  His  position  as  leader  of  the  opposition  in 
Ontario  gives  him  special  prominence,  because,  as  things  are,  he  is  in 
touch  with  the   Ottawa   Government. 

332 


WILLIAM  RALPH  MEREDITH. 

333 


WESLEY   MERRITT. 


A  GOOD  soldier  with  a  good  record  is  Gen.  Wesley  Merritt,  of 
the  United  States  army.  He  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
June  16,  1836.  He  graduated  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy 
in  1860,  was  assigned  to  the  dragoons  and  was  promoted  to  be  first 
lieutenant  in  1861  and  captain  in  1862.  He  took  part  in  Gen.  Stone- 
man's  raid  toward  Richmond  in  1863,  and  was  in  command  of  the 
reserve  cavalry  brigade  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign  of  the  same  year, 
being  about  this  time  commissioned  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  For 
gallant  conduct  at  Gettysburg  he  was  brevetted  major  in  the  Regular 
army.  He  took  part  in  various  engagements  in  central  Virginia  in 
1863-64,  and  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  in  the  Regu- 
lar army  and  major-general  of  volunteers  for  gallantry  in  the  battles  of 
Yellow  Tavern,  Hawe's  Shop  and  Winchester.  He  was  brevetted 
brigadier-general  and  major-general  in  the  Regular  army  for  bravery  at 
the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  and  later  was  commissioned  major-general  of 
volunteers.  After  the  war  he  was  employed  chiefly  on  frontier  duty 
until  1882,  when  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  United  States  Mili- 
tary Academy  at  West  Point.  Here  his  strictness  made  him  for  a 
time  almost  unpopular  with  the  cadets,  but  they  learned  to  know  his 
real  quality  and  to  regard  him  as  a  great  head  of  a  great  school.  In 
1887  he  was  ordered  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  in  1887  became  briga- 
dier-general. His  career  since  the  date  named  has  been  what  was  to 
be  expected  of  such  a  man  with  such  a  record.  He  is  one  of  the 
trusted  generals  of  the  army  of  the  United  States,  and  is  at  the  pres- 
ent time  commanding  the  department  of  Missouri,  with  headquarters  at 
Chicago.       He   is   a   fine   soldier. 

334 


WESLEY  MERRITT. 
335 


CINCINNATUS   HEINE   MILLER. 


RECOGNIZED  by  all  who  can  read  and  understand,  as  a  great 
poetic  genius,  Cincinnatus  Heine  ( better  known  as  Joaquin )  Mil- 
ler occupies  an  admitted  position  in  American  literature.  Sir  Edwin 
Arnold  has  declared  Joaquin  Miller  one  of  the  two  American  poets 
whose  fame  will  endure.  He  was  born  in  the  Wabash  district,  in 
Indiana,  November  10,  1841,  and  when  thirteen  years  old  immigrated 
with  his  family  to  Oregon.  Three  years  afterward  the  boy  went 
alone  to  California,  but  returning  later  to  Eugene,  Ore.,  he  became  the 
editor  of  the  Democratic  "Register"  in  that  town.  In  1863  he  opened 
a  law  office  in  Canyon  City,  Ore.,  and  from  1866  to  1870  served  as 
county  judge  of  Grant  County.  It  was  at  about  this  time  that  his 
first  poems  appeared,  one  collection,  entitled  "Joaquin  et  Al.,"  giving 
him  the  name  by  which  he  is  best  known.  In  1871  he  published, 
in  London,  "Songs  of  the  Sierras"  and  "Pacific  Poems."  In  1873 
appeared  "Songs  of  the  Sun  Lands"  and  a  prose  volume  entitled 
"Life  Among  the  Modocs,"  "Unv/ritten  History."  His  later  works 
are  the  "Ship  in  the  Desert,"  1875;  "The  Danites  in  the  Sierras," 
"The  One  Fair  Woman,"  1876;  "Baroness  of  N.  Y.,"  1877;  "Songs 
of  Far  Away  Lands,"  1878;  "Songs  of  Italy,"  1878;  "Shadows  of 
Shasta,"  1881;  "Memorie  &  Rime,"  1884;  "Forty-Nine,  the  Gold- 
Seeker  of  the  Sierras,"  1884,  and  he  has  since  published  other  vol- 
umes, lately  adding  to  his  reputation  by  "The  Building  of  the  City 
Beautiful,"  appearing  in  1893.  A  new  edition  of  his  works  appeared 
in  1890  in  response  to  the  increasing  appreciation  of  his  undoubted 
genius.  The  poet  lives  on  a  height,  near  Oakland.  Cal.,  overlooking 
the   great   ocean,   of  which   he   sings   so   well. 


CINCINNATUS  HEINE  MILLER. 
337 


DARIUS   OGDEN   MILLS. 


YEARS  ago  the  "luck  of  D.  O.  Mills"  became  a  proverb  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  but  it  was  luck  attended  with  a  reputation  for 
judgment,  rapid  decision,  boldness  and  absolute  integrity.  Mr.  Mills 
began  at  the  very  bottom  of  the  ladder.  Born  in  North  Salem,  West- 
chester County,  N.  Y.,  September  5,  1825,  he  was  left  without  resources 
at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  from  a  poorly  paid  clerk  in  New  York  City 
became,  at  twenty-two,  cashier  and  one-third  owner  of  a  small  bank  in 
Buffalo.  Two  years  later  he  went  to  California  and  established  in 
Sacramento  the  gold  bank  of  D.  O.  Mills  &  Co.,  which  was  immedi- 
ately and  conspicuously  successful.  He  became  largely  interested  in 
mines  on  the  Comstock  lode,  forest  lands  and  other  property,  and  in 
1864  founded  the  Bank  of  California,  in  San  Francisco,  of  which  he 
assumed  the  presidency.  For  years  this  bank  had  the  highest  credit 
in  the  financial  centers  both  of  Europe  and  Asia.  Mr.  Mills  resigned 
and  withdrew  from  the  management  of  the  concern  in  1873,  and  two 
years  later  the  bank  was  wrecked  through  disastrous  speculations  on 
the  part  of  its  president,  William  C.  Ralston.  Its  failure  created  an 
excitement  that  convulsed  the  Pacific  coast.  Ralston  committed  suicide. 
Mr.  Mills  again  became  president,  and  in  three  years  had  firmly  re- 
established the  bank.  He  then  left  it,  and  gradually  transferred  his 
heavy  investments  to  the  East,  where  he  erected  the  largest  office 
building  in  New  York,  and  finally  returned  to  reside  near  his  birth- 
place. Mr.  Mills  has  made  several  munificent  gifts  to  the  state  of 
California  and  the  city  of  New  York,  and  gave  $75,000  to  found  the 
Mills  professorship  of  moral  and  intellectual  philosophy  in  the  Univer- 
sity  of   California. 

338 


DARIUS  OGDEN  MILLS. 

339 


ROGER  QUARLES   MILLS. 


IT  is  high  praise  to  say  of  any  man  that  he  is  best  liked  where  he 
is  best  known.  No  better  evidence  of  a  man's  popularity  and 
influence  in  his  own  community  could  be  desired  than  the  fact  that  he 
has  been  chosen  to  represent  that  community  continuously  for  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century  in  the  legislative  halls  of  the  country.  Such  has 
been  the  lot  of  Roger  Q.  Mills,  the  junior  senator  from  Texas.  Sen- 
ator Mills  was  born  in  Todd  County,  Kentucky,  March  30,  1832. 
After  receiving  a  common-school  education  he  removed  to  Palestine, 
Tex.,  in  J  849,  where  he  studied  law,  supporting  himself  in  the  mean 
time  by  serving  as  an  assistant  in  the  postoffice  and  in  the  offices  of 
the  court  clerks.  In  1850  he  was  elected  engrossing  clerk  of  the 
Texas  House  of  Representatives,  and  in  1852,  by  a  special  act  of  the 
Legislature — for  he  was  still  a  minor — he  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  practiced  his  profession  at  Corsicana,  and  in  1859  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature.  Subsequently  he  was  colonel  of  the  Tenth  Texas 
regiment  in  the  Confederate  service.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress from  the  state  at  large  as  a  Democrat,  and  served  continuously 
in  that  body  until  he  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of  United  States 
senator,  to  which  he  was  elected  March  23,  1892.  In  1876  Mr.  Mills 
opposed  the  creation  of  an  electoral  commission,  and  in  1887  canvassed 
Texas  against  the  adoption  of  the  prohibition  amendment  to  its  consti- 
tution, which  was  defeated.  He  introduced  into  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives in  1888  the  bill  that  was  known  by  his  name,  reducing  the 
duties  on  imports  and  extending  the  free  list.  Senator  Mills  is  a  man 
of  much  quiet  force,  whose  opinions  in  legislative  matters  have  great 
weight. 


ROGER  QUARLES  MILLS. 

341 


HARRIET   STONE  MONROE. 


BROUGHT  suddenly  into  prominence  as  the  poet-laureate  of  the 
"World's  Columbian  Exposition,  Miss  Harriet  S.  Monroe,  of  Chi- 
cago, passed  safely  through  the  ordeal  of  criticism  thus  invited  and  now 
occupies  a  secure  place  among  American  poets.  A  volume  of  her 
poems,  published  under  the  title  of  ''Valeria,  and  Other  Poems,"  has 
won  from  well  known  critics  pronounced  and  cordial  commendation. 
Miss  Monroe  was  born  in  Chicago,  December  23,  1860,  her  parents 
having  moved  to  that  city  from  central  New  York  five  years  earlier. 
Her  education  was  begun  in  the  public  schools,  and  continued  in  Dear- 
born Seminary,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  she  entered  the  Academy  of 
the  Visitation,  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  where  she  remained  two  years. 
While  there  she  gave  special  attention  to  the  study  of  composition,  and 
to  some  extent  indulged  her  inclination  to  write  verses  for  her  own 
amusement.  After  leaving  school  she  engaged  seriously  in  literary  pur- 
suits, but  for  some  time  was  content  to  have  no  other  audience  than 
her  immediate  friends.  "Valeria"  was  first  printed  for  private  circula- 
tion in  1891,  but  in  the  latter  part  of  1892  the  work  was  enlarged 
and  brought  out  by  a  Chicago  publisher.  By  request  of  the  commit- 
tee on  ceremonies  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  Miss  Monroe 
wrote  the  "Opening  Ode"  for  the  dedication  of  the  White  City,  which 
occurred  October  21,  1892.  Parts  of  the  poem  were  read  and  parts 
of  it  sung  by  the  great  chorus  on  that  memorable  occasion.  In  prose 
Miss  Monroe  has  done  considerable  journalistic  work,  chiefly  in  the 
line  of  art  and  literary  criticisms,  and  has  written  a  number  of  clever 
essays  on  the  English  poets.  She  is  a  graceful  writer,  and  her  essays, 
like   her   poems,   are   distinguished   by  simplicity  and  sincerity. 


HARRIET  STONE  MONROE. 

343 


lUSTIN   SMITH   MORRILL. 


ONE  of  the  truly  great  men  in  the  United  States  Senate,  who  com- 
mands the  closest  attention  whenever  he  addresses  that  body  on 
any  of  the  important  questions  of  the  day,  is  the  senior  senator  from 
Vermont.  Senator  Morrill  has  passed  his  eighty-fourth  birthday,  and 
for  nearly  forty  years  his  voice  has  been  heard  in  the  legislative  halls 
of  the  national  government.  He  was  born  in  Strafford,  Orange  County, 
Vt.,  April  14,  1 8 10.  He  received  a  common-school  and  academic  edu- 
cation and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until  1848,  when  he  turned 
his  attention  to  agriculture.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  J  855  as 
a  Republican,  and  was  five  times  re-elected,  serving  from  December, 
1855,  until  March  3,  1867.  During  the  stirring  times  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  Civil  war  he  was  looked  upon  as  a  leader  in  the  House, 
and  his  power  and  influence  never  waned  thereafter.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  "Morrill"  tariff  of  1861,  and  acted  as  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  ways  and  means  in  1864  and  1865.  In  1867  he  was 
elected  United  States  senator  from  Vermont,  and  has  served  continu- 
ously in  that  body  from  March  4  of  that  >ear  until  the  present  time. 
His  present  term  will  expire  in  1897.  Senator  Morrill  is  the  author 
of  **  Self-Consciousness  of  Noted  Persons,"  published  in  1886,  a  work 
which  is  a  most  interesting  addition  to  thoughtful  and  analytical  litera- 
ture. He  is  a  fluent  and  graceful  writer,  as  he  is  a  forcible  and  elo- 
quent speaker.  In  debate  he  has  few  equals  in  the  Senate,  and  he 
is  especially  strong  on  all  questions  affecting  the  tariff,  which  he  has 
made  a  special  study  during  his  public  life,  and  which  has  been  the 
subject  of  some  of  his  ablest  oratorical  efforts,  delivered  from  the  stand- 
point of  a  protectionist. 

344 


JUSTIN  SMITH  MORRILL. 

345 


JULIUS   STERLING  MORTON. 


INTIMATELY  associated  with  all  the  material  growth  of  Nebraska 
during  the  last  forty  years,  J.  Sterling  Morton  stepped  into  Presi- 
dent Cleveland's  Cabinet  fully  equipped  for  the  intelligent  performance 
of  the  duties  devolving  upon  him  as  Secretary  of  Agriculture.  Mr. 
Morton  was  born  in  Adams,  Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.,  April  27,  1832, 
but  at  an  early  age  removed  with  his  parents  to  Michigan,  and  was 
graduated  at  Ann  Arbor  University.  He  subsequently  graduated  at 
the  Union  College  of  Law,  New  York,  and  after  a  brief  editorial 
career  with  the  Detroit  "Free  Press"  and  Chicago  "Times,"  settled  in 
Bellevue,  Neb.,  in  1854.  In  the  following  year  he  started  the 
Nebraska  City  "News,"  and  was  elected  to  the  territorial  legislature. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1857,  and  in  1858  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
territory  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Gov.  Thomas  B. 
Cuming,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  May,  1861.  In  I860  he  was 
nominated  for  Congress,  and  was  given  the  certificate  of  election,  but 
was  unseated  by  contest.  In  1866  he  was  again  defeated  as  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  the  first  state  governorship  of  Nebraska.  After 
a  retirement  of  fifteen  years  from  politics,  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
governorship  in  1880,  1884  and  1892,  each  time  failing  of  election,  and 
in  1893  President  Cleveland  appointed  him  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 
Mr.  Morton  has  been  the  favorite  candidate  of  his  party  several  times 
for  the  United  States  Senate.  He  is  a  practical  agriculturist  and  hor- 
ticulturist, and  has  contributed  largely  to  the  best  literature  on  those 
subjects.  He  is  also  the  author  of  the  Arbor  Day  legislation,  which 
provides  that  one  day  in  each  year,  April  22,  be  made  a  public  holi- 
day  devoted  to  tree  planting. 

346 


JULIUS  STERLING  MORTON. 

347 


JOHN   SINGLETON   MOSBY. 


AFTER  a  career  that  reads  more  like  a  thrilling  romance  than  a 
record  of  actual  facts,  that  once  famous  Southerner,  Col.  John  S. 
Mosby,  is  now  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
He  was  born  in  Powhattan  County,  Virginia,  December  6,  1833. 
While  attending  the  University  of  Virginia,  he  shot  and  seriously 
wounded  a  student,  who  assaulted  him.  He  was  fined  and  sentenced 
to  imprisonment,  but  was  pardoned  by  the  governor,  and  his  fine  was 
remitted.  Becoming  a  lawyer,  he  practiced  at  Bristol,  Va.,  until  the 
beginning  of  hostilities  in  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate 
cavalry,  and  soon  became  noted  as  a  fighter.  Acting  as  scout,  he 
guided  General  Stuart's  force  in  a  bold  raid  in  the  rear  of  Gen.  George 
B.  McCIellan's  position  on  the  Chickahominy,  June  14,  1862.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1863,  he  crossed  the  Rappahannock  into  northern  Virginia,  which 
had  been  abandoned  to  the  occupation  of  the  National  army,  and 
recruited  a  force  of  irregular  cavalry,  with  which  he  harassed  the  Fed- 
eral lines  by  cutting  communications,  destroying  supply  trains  in  the 
rear  of  invading  armies,  and  capturing  many  cavalry  outposts.  In 
JVIarch,  1863,  he  routed  a  cavalry  force  much  larger  than  his  own, 
and  a  month  later  defeated  a  detachment  sent  especially  to  capture  him. 
Once  he  was  surrounded  in  the  rear  of  Hooker's  army,  but  cut  his 
way  through  the  lines.  He  was  several  times  wounded.  The  Con- 
federate Congress  placed  his  partisan  rangers  on  the  same  footing  as 
the  cavalry  of  the  line.  After  the  war  Colonel  Mosby  settled  at  War- 
renton,  Va.  He  supported  Grant  in  1872,  and  Hayes  in  1876,  for 
the  presidency,  and  by  the  latter  was  appointed  consul  at  Hong  Kong, 
where  he   remained   six    years. 


JOHN  SINGLETON  MOSBY. 

349 


LOUISE   CHANDLER   MOULTON. 


THE  author  of  many  exquisite  sonnets,  which  not  a  few  critics 
have  placed  at  the  head  of  their  kind  in  America,  the  literary- 
reputation  of  Louise  Chandler  Moulton  rests  upon  her  poetry,  notwith- 
standing the  excellence  and  wide  range  of  her  prose  work.  Born  in 
Pomfret,  Conn.,  April  5,  1835,  she  was  educated  at  Mrs.  Emma  Wil- 
lard's  Seminary  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  began  to  contribute  to  periodicals 
under  the  name  of  "Ellen  Louise"  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  She  was 
only  nineteen  when  she  published  her  first  book,  "This,  That  and  the 
Other,"  which  was  very  successful,  and  after  her  marriage  in  1855  to 
William  U.  Moulton,  a  publisher  of  Boston,  she  wrote  "Juno  Clifford," 
a  novel,  and  contributed  many  articles  and  short  stories  to  the  maga- 
zines. In  1873  Roberts  Brothers,  of  Boston,  became  her  publishers, 
and  have  issued  many  volumes  of  her  poetical  and  prose  works,  which 
have  had  a  large  sale.  From  1870  to  1876  she  was  the  Boston  lit- 
erary correspondent  of  the  New  York  "  Tribune,"  and  for  five  years 
she  wrote  a  weekly  letter  on  bookish  topics  for  the  Boston  "Sunday 
Herald."  Mrs.  Moulton's  home  is  in  Boston,  but  she  spends  her 
summers  and  autumns  abroad,  principally  in  London  and  Paris,  and 
her  society  and  literary  letters  from  those  cities  are  much  sought  after 
by  American  newspaper  publishers.  Since  the  death  of  Philip  Bourke 
Marston,  in  1887,  she  has  edited  two  volumes  of  his  verses,  "Garden 
Secrets"  and  "A  Last  Harvest,"  with  a  preface  and  biographical 
sketch  of  the  author.  It  has  been  said  of  Mrs.  Moulton  that  she  is 
in  herself  two  phenomena— the  dedicated  and  conscientious  poet,  and  the 
poet  whose  wares  are  marketable  and  popular.  She  is  especially  happy 
in  her   stories  for   children. 

350 


LOUISE  CHANDLER  MOULTON. 

3S1 


OLIVER  MOWATT. 


STURDY  man  physically  as  well  as  mentally  is  the  premier  and 
attorney-general  of  the  province  of  Ontario,  Canada.  Oliver 
Mowatt  (now  Sir  Oliver)  was  born  in  Kingston,  Upper  Canada,  July 
22f  J  820.  He  received  a  thorough  education,  adopted  the  law  as  his 
profession,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  in  1842.  He  was  appointed  a 
queen's  counsel  in  1856,  and  a  bencher  of  the  Law  Society  for  the 
province  in  the  same  year.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Senate,  and 
an  LL.  D.  of  Toronto  University.  From  J  856  to  1859  he  was  a 
commissioner  for  consolidating  the  public  general  statutes  of  Canada  and 
Upper  Canada.  He  entered  political  life  in  1858,  as  representative  of 
South  Ontario;  was  provincial  secretary  in  the  same  year;  postmaster- 
general  in  1863-64;  and  from  November,  1864,  until  October,  1872, 
was  vice-chancellor  of  Upper  Canada.  His  prominence  in  the  Liberal 
party  of  the  province  grew  rapidly,  and  his  acuteness  as  a  political 
leader  was  soon  recognized  after  he  had  fairly  entered  the  political 
field.  He  left  the  bench  at  the  period  last  named  to  form  a  new 
administration  in  Ontario,  and  became  premier  and  attorney-general  for 
the  province,  and  representative  of  North  Oxford  in  the  Legislature. 
He  is  the  author  of  many  important  legislative  measures  in  the  pro- 
vincial parliament,  among  which  is  the  judicature  bill,  an  act  passed 
for  the  fusion  of  law  and  equity  in  the  courts  of  Ontario.  Time 
does  not  seem  to  tell  upon  him  as  upon  most  men.  He  is  the  same 
genial,  alert,  and  politic  director  of  affairs  that  he  was  long  ago,  and 
still  apparently  capable  of  guiding  the  destinies  of  his  party  successfully 
for  a  long  time  to  come.  He  has  been  in  power  for  twenty-two 
years  and  has    just    been    again    triumphant  in  a  hard-fought  campaign. 

352 


OLIVER  MOWATT. 

353 


THOMAS  NAST. 


NO  other  caricaturist  in  the  world  ever  gained  such  wide  popularity 
as  Thomas  Nast,  whose  famous  autograph  and  peculiar  style 
of  work  have  for  years  been  familiar  to  millions  of  readers  of  pictorial 
literature.  Mr.  Nast  was  born  in  Landau,  Bavaria,  September  27, 
1840,  and  was  brought  to  the  United  States  by  his  father  in  1846. 
When  a  boy  of  fourteen  he  spent  about  six  months  in  the  drawing 
classes  of  Theodore  Kaufmann,  and  then,  with  no  other  preparatory 
art  instruction,  he  was  engaged  as  a  draughtsman  on  an  illustrated 
paper.  In  1860  he  went  to  England  as  special  artist  for  a  New 
York  weekly  paper,  thence  to  Italy,  where  he  followed  Garibaldi,  mak- 
ing sketches  for  the  leading  illustrated  papers  of  New  York,  London 
and  Paris.  Returning  to  New  York  he  began,  in  July,  1862,  drawing 
war  sketches  for  "Harper's  Weekly."  His  very  first  political  carica- 
ture, an  allegorical  design  that  gave  a  powerful  blow  to  the  peace 
party,  brought  him  into  public  notice  and  he  immediately  became  popu- 
lar. Besides  his  work  for  "  Harper's  Weekly,"  by  which  he  is  best 
known,  Mr.  Nast  has  drawn  for  other  periodicals,  illustrated  a  number 
oi  books,  issued  "Nast's  Illustrated  Almanac"  for  several  years,  and 
executed  many  caricatures  in  water  colors.  Since  1873  he  has  spent 
much  of  his  time  lecturing  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States, 
drawing  caricatures  and  sketches  on  the  stage  with  extreme  rapidity  by 
way  of  illustration.  In  his  particular  line,  pictorial  satire,  Thomas 
Nast  stands  in  the  foremost  rank,  and  his  talent  in  that  respect  has 
been  productive  of  some  excellent  results,  such  as  the  overthrow  of  the 
Tweed  ring  in  New  York  City,  and  the  arousing  of  popular  sentiment 
against   various   iniquities,   political   and   otherwise. 


THOMAS  NAST. 

355 


KNUTE   NELSON. 


STURDY,  thrifty  and  loyal,  with  mental  and  physical  capacities  that 
enable  them  to  adapt  themselves  to  any  line  of  useful  work,  the 
United  States  has  no  better  citizens  than  those  who  come  from  the 
land  of  the  Vikings.  Knute  Nelson,  ex-Governor  of  Minnesota,  is 
one  of  these.  He  was  born  in  the  parish  of  Voss,  near  the  city 
of  Bergen,  Norway,  February  2,  1843.  When  three  years  of  age 
he  lost  his  father,  and  in  1849  he  came  to  the  United  States  with 
his  mother,  living  in  Chicago  until  the  fall  of  1850,  and  then  in  the 
state  of  Wisconsin  until  the  summer  of  1871.  In  August  of  the  lat- 
ter year  he  removed  to  Alexandria,  Minn.,  which  city  has  since  been 
his  home.  Mr.  Nelson  is  a  graduate  of  the  Albion,  Wis.,  Academy. 
He  served  in  the  Civil  war  as  a  private  and  non-commissioned  officer, 
and  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  at  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson, 
La.  After  the  war  he  studied  law,  and  in  1867  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Circuit  court  of  Dane  County.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  Legislature  in  1868  and  1869;  was  county  attorney  for  Doug- 
las County,  Minnesota,  from  1872  to  1874;  was  state  senator  in  the 
Minnesota  Legislature  from  1875  to  1878;  was  presidential  elector  on 
the  Republican  ticket  in  1880,  and  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
regents  of  the  State  University  from  February,  1882,  to  January,  1893. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  from  the  Fifth  district  of 
Minnesota,  and  was  twice  re-elected,  his  course  in  that  body  being 
such  as  to  greatly  increase  his  popularity.  In  1892  Mr.  Nelson  was 
nominated  by  acclamation  for  governor  of  Minnesota,  and  elected.  He 
has  made  a  reputation  as  a  conscientious  and  common-sense  politician, 
and  his  influence  is  great  among  his  own  countrymen  in  the  Northwest. 


KNUTE  NELSON. 

357 


RICHARD   JAMES   OGLESBY. 


PERPETUALLY  beaming  with  cordial  good  nature,  and  as  full  of 
humorous  anecdote  and  apt  illustration  as  that  other  son  of  Illi- 
nois, the  immortal  Lincoln,  ex-Senator  Oglesby  is  affectionately  referred 
to  by  his  political  friends,  as  he  once  was  by  his  soldiers,  as  "Uncle 
Dick."  He  v/as  born  in  Oldham  County,  Kentucky,  July  25,  1824. 
Left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  eight  years,  he  removed  to  Decatur, 
HI.,  in  1836,  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  which,  with  farming 
and  rope-making,  occupied  him  until  1844.  He  had  studied  law  in 
the  mean  time,  and  in  1845  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  Mexican  war  as  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fourth  Illinois  regi- 
ment, and  in  1847  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Decatur.  In  1849 
he  went  to  California  and  engaged  in  mining  until  1851,  when  he 
returned  to  Illinois.  In  1860  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  but 
resigned  in  the  following  year  to  accept  the  colonelcy  of  the  Eighth 
Illinois  Volunteer  regiment.  He  commanded  a  brigade  at  the  capture 
of  Fort  Henry  and  Fort  Donelson,  and  for  gallantry  was  made  briga- 
dier-general. Again  distinguishing  himself  at  Corinth,  where  he  was 
severely  wounded,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major-general.  He 
resigned  in  1864,  and  in  November  of  that  year  was  elected  governor 
of  Illinois  He  continued  in  that  office  until  1869,  and  was  again 
elected  in  1872.  During  the  following  year  he  was  chosen  United 
States  senator,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  March  3,  1879.  In  1884 
he  was  again  elected  governor  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  since 
1888  has  held  no  public  office.  General  Oglesby  takes  a  great  inter- 
est in  the  affairs  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  He  is  one  of 
the   greatest   sons   of   his   great   state. 

358 


RICHARD  JAMES  OGLESBY. 

359 


GEORGE   WASHINGTON   PECK. 


GRADUATING  from  the  printer's  case  to  the  editorial  tripod,  and 
there  acquiring  a  national  reputation  as  a  humorist,  George  W. 
Peck  found  it  a  comparatively  easy  matter  to  make  the  rest  of  the 
journey  to  the  honorable  position  of  governor  of  Wisconsin.  His  early 
life  was  a  continuous  struggle  for  a  competence.  Born  in  Henderson, 
Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.,  September  2rf  1840,  he  was  taken  to  Wis- 
consin in  childhood  by  his  parents.  At  '/ne  age  of  fifteen  he  was 
apprenticed  to  the  printer's  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Whitewater  ( Wis. ) 
"Register,"  and  afterward  worked  in  various  places  as  a  journeyman 
printer.  In  I860  he  purchased  on  credit  a  half  interest  in  the  "Jeffer- 
son County  Republican,"  at  Jefferson,  Wis.,  but  sold  out  a  year  later. 
In  1863  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Fourth  Wisconsin  Volunteer 
Cavalry,  and  for  two  and  a  half  years  served  with  his  regiment  in 
the  south,  being  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant.  In  the  fall  of 
1866  he  went  to  Ripon,  Wis.,  and  started  a  newspaper  called  the 
"Representative,"  which  he  conducted  for  about  two  years,  and  was 
then  engaged  as  a  writer  for  the  La  Crosse  "Democrat,"  published  by 
"Brick"  Pomeroy.  He  subsequently  became  half  owner  of  that  paper 
and  changed  its  name  to  the  "Liberal  Democrat."  In  1874  he  founded 
the  "Sun"  at  La  Crosse,  removed  it  to  Milwaukee  in  1878,  called  it 
""Peck's  Sun,"  and  made  it  a  great  success.  As  a  vehicle  for  his 
humorous  musings  it  became  very  popular.  Some  of  his  collected  arti- 
cles have  been  published  in  book  form,  notably  "  Peck's  Bad  Boy." 
Mr.  Peck  was  first  mayor  of  Milwaukee  and  was  subsequently  elected 
governor  of  Wisconsin  on  the  Democratic  ticket  in  1892.  He  enjoys 
the   respect   and   confidence  of   the   people. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON  PECK. 
361 


THOMAS   WITHERELL   PALMER. 


OF  the  many  hundreds  who  have  enjoyed  his  hospitality,  or  even 
of  the  many  thousands  who  have  formed  his  acquaintance  in  a 
social,  political,  or  business  way,  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  one  who 
has  anything  but  praise  for  ex-Senator  Palmer,  of  Michigan.  His 
genial  disposition  and  sympathetic  nature  have  given  him  a  strong  hold 
on  a  wide  circle  of  friends,  whose  number  was  greatly  increased  dur- 
ing the  World's  Fair  of  1893.  Thomas  W.  Palmer  was  born  in 
Detroit,  January  25,  1830.  After  receiving  an  education  he  made  a 
pedestrian  tour  in  Spain,  traveled  in  South  America,  and  then  engaged 
in  mercantile  life  in  Wisconsin.  Subsequently  he  became  a  successful 
lumber  merchant  in  Detroit,  and  interested  himself  in  the  politics  of  the 
state,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  estimates  and  as  a  state 
senator  in  1878.  He  was  defeated  for  Congress  in  1876,  but  was 
elected  United  States  senator  from  Michigan  for  a  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4,  1883.  Upon  the  election  of  President  Harrison,  Senator 
Palmer  was  appointed  Minister  to  Spain,  but  not  finding  the  climate 
of  that  country  agreeable  he  soon  after  resigned  and  returned  to  Detroit. 
In  June,  1890,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  National  Commission 
having  charge  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893,  a  post 
which  he  filled  most  acceptably  until  after  the  close  of  the  Exposition. 
Mr.  Palmer  impresses  one  as  a  man  who  thoroughly  enjoys  life,  and 
is  anxious  that  everybody  about  him  should  do  the  same.  He  is 
noted  for  his  magnificent  hospitality,  his  optimistic  estimate  of  human 
character  and  motives,  and  his  readiness  to  extend  a  helping  hand  to 
those  who  are  striving  to  gain  a  foothold  in  the  world.  Naturally,  he 
has   a   host   of   friends. 

362 


THOMAS  WITHERELL  PALMER. 
363 


ELIA   WILKINSON  PEATTIE. 


JOURNALISTIC  ability  of  the  highest  order,  and  a  versatility  and 
capacity  for  work  that  are  amazing,  must  be  accorded  to  that  brill- 
iant western  writer,  Mrs.  Elia  W.  Peattie.  She  was  born  in  Kala- 
mazoo, Mich.,  January  15,  1862,  and  before  she  was  ten  years  old 
was  taken  by  her  parents  to  Chicago,  where  she  grew  to  womanhood, 
and  where  she  was  married  in  J  883  to  Robert  Burns  Peattie,  a  well- 
known  Chicago  journalist.  She  was  an  omnivorous  reader  from  child- 
hood, and  had  written  several  short  stories  that  attracted  attention 
before  she  became  regularly  employed  on  the  Chicago  "Tribune"  as  a 
reporter.  She  afterward  held  a  similar  position  on  the  "  Morning 
News" — now  the  "Record" — and  in  J 888  removed  with  her  husband 
to  Omaha,  since  which  time  she  has  been  one  of  the  leading  editorial 
writers  of  the  Omaha  "World-Herald."  In  addition  to  her  editorial 
work,  which  has  taken  the  widest  possible  range  of  subject,  she  pub- 
lishes every  week  a  signed  article  on  topics  of  her  own  choosing. 
Her  regular  literary  work  has  included  many  contributions  to  such 
juvenile  publications  as  "  St.  Nicholas "  and  "  Wide-Awake,"  and  such 
leading  periodicals  as  the  "  Century,"  "  Harper's  Weekly,"  "  Cosmopoli- 
tan" and  "  Lippincotts'."  While  in  Chicago,  between  the  rush  of 
newspaper  work  and  home  duties,  she  wrote  "The  Story  of 
America,"  a  child's  history,  which  has  passed  through  many  editions, 
and  "With  Scrip  and  Staff,"  a  remarkable  story  of  the  children's  cru- 
sade in  the  year  1200.  She  also  wrote  "The  Judge,"  a  novel,  which 
was  awarded  a  prize  by  the  Detroit  "Free  Press,"  and  afterward  pub- 
lished in  book  form.  She  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Omaha 
Woman's   Club,   and  frequently  lectures   on  literary  and  economical  topics. 


ELIA  WILKINSON  PEATTIE. 

365 


JOHN   McAULEY  PALMER. 


WHETHER  on  a  battle-field  or  in  a  political  campaign,  in  a  legal 
contest  or  legislative  debate,  Senator  John  M.  Palmer,  of  Illi- 
nois, is  known  as  a  man  of  aggressive  courage.  He  is  a  native  of 
Eagle  Creek,  Scott  County,  Ky.,  where  he  was  born  September  13, 
1817.  He  removed  with  his  father  to  Madison  County,  Illinois,  in 
1831,  completing  his  education  in  Alton  (now  Shurtleff )  College,  and 
in  1839  settled  in  Carlinville,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
was  twice  elected  probate  judge  of  Macoupin  County;  was  a  delegate 
to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1847;  served  as  county  judge 
for  forty  years  thereafter,  and  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from 
1852  until  1856.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Repub- 
lican National  Convention  in  Philadelphia,  and  in  1860  was  a  presiden- 
tial elector  on  the  Republican  ticket.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Peace  Conference  in  Washington  in  1861,  and  in  the  same  year 
he  was  made  colonel  of  the  Fourteenth  Illinois  infantry,  participating  in 
the  Civil  war.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
December  20,  1861,  and  for  conspicuous  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Stone 
River  was  commissioned  major-general  November  29,  1862.  General 
Palmer  was  elected  governor  of  Illinois  in  1868,  and  held  the  office 
until  1873.  He  was  afterward  three  times  a  candidate  for  the  United 
States  Senate  as  a  Democrat,  but  failed  of  election,  and  in  1888 
entered  the  race  for  the  governorship  of  Illinois  and  was  defeated.  In 
1890  he  was  elected  United  States  senator  by  the  Democratic  members 
of  the  Legislature,  and  has  since  been  dealing  sledge-hammer  blows  at 
the  opposition  in  Washington.  His  term  will  expire  March  3,  1897. 
He   is   a   man   of   great   force. 

366 


JOHN  MCAULEY  PALMER. 
367 


THOMAS   COLLIER   PLATT. 


T  TERY  few  shrewder  men,  very  few  men  more  earnest  in  following 
V  a  path  once  entered  upon,  and  very  few  more  sensible  and 
adaptable  have  appeared  in  American  politics  than  Thomas  Collier  Piatt, 
of  New  York.  He  was  born  in  Owego,  N.  Y.,  July  15,  1833.  He 
received  a  thorough  education  and  entered  Yale  College,  but  left  in 
1853,  at  the  end  of  his  sophomore  year,  because  of  failing  health. 
He  continued  his  studies,  however,  and  in  1876  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  M.  A.  He  engaged  in  business,  and  eventually  became 
president  of  the  Tiogo,  N.  Y.,  National  Bank,  and  later  engaged  in 
the  lumber  business  in  Michigan,  becoming  a  business  man  of  decided 
prominence  and  influence.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1874,  in  the  mean  time  becoming  a  most  important 
factor  in  state  politics.  In  January,  1881,  he  was  chosen  United  States 
senator,  to  take  the  place  of  Francis  Kernan.  His  occupancy  of  the 
seat  was  but  a  brief  one.  There  came  the  famous  fight  over  the 
distribution  of  patronage  in  New  York,  and  then  followed  the  simulta- 
neous resignation  of  Roscoe  Conklin  and  Thomas  Piatt,  the  two  sena- 
tors from  New  York.  Mr.  Piatt  became  again  a  candidate  for  the 
seat,  but  was  defeated.  He  then  became  secretary  and  director  of  the 
United  States  Express  Company,  and  since  1880  has  been  its  president. 
He  has  not,  however,  disappeared  from  politics.  He  became  commis- 
sioner of  quarantine  of  New  York,  when  his  strong  hand  was  felt  as 
it  is  felt  now  in  the  trend  of  New  York  politics.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  National  Republican  conventions  in  1876,  1880  and  1884, 
and  for  •  years  was  a  member  of  the  Republican  National  Committee. 
Mr.  Piatt   is   recognized   as   a   power   in   politics. 

365 


THOMAS  COLLIER  PLATT. 

369 


TERENCE   VINCENT   POWDERLY. 


FR  fifteen  years  the  guiding  star,  the  ruling  spirit,  of  the  order  of 
Knights  of  Labor,  the  greatest  organization  of  workingmen  ever 
successfully  planned  or  held  together  by  wise  council  and  tactful  man- 
agement, Terence  V.  Powderly  has  earned  a  place  among  the  great 
men  of  America.  Mr.  Powderly  was  born  at  Carbondale,  Pa.,  Janu- 
ary 22,  1849.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn 
the  trade  of  machinist  in  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  railroad  shops,  and 
three  years  later  he  obtained  work  in  the  shops  of  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna &  Western  Railroad  Company,  at  Scranton.  His  first  con- 
nection with  a  labor  organization  was  in  187 J,  when  he  joined  the 
Machinists*  and  Blacksmiths'  Union,  of  Scranton,  and  since  J  874,  when 
he  became  a  member  of  Assembly  88,  Knights  of  Labor,  he  has  been 
active  in  promoting  the  objects  for  which  that  organization  was  created. 
He  was  elected  Grand  Worthy  Foreman  of  the  Knights  of  Labor  by 
the  second  general  assem.bly,  which  convened  at  St.  Louis  in  1879, 
and  at  the  convention  held  in  Chicago  during  September  of  the  same 
year  he  was  chosen  Grand  Master  Workman  of  the  order.  He  was 
annually  re-elected  to  that  office  and  served  until  the  latter  part  of 
1893,  when  he  was  superseded  by  J.  R.  Sovereign,  of  Iowa.  Mr. 
Powderly  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  "Labor  Advocate,'*  a  regular 
contributor  to  the  "  Journal  of  United  Labor,"  and  has  been  three  times 
elected  mayor  of  Scranton.  In  1882  he  was  nominated  for  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Pennsylvania  by  the  Greenback-Labor  party,  but  declined 
the  nomination.  He  has  lately  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  law, 
and  will  give  the  remainder  of  his  life  to  the  practice  of  that  profession 
and   to   the   cause   of   labor. 

370 


TERENCE  VINCENT  POWDERLY. 
371 


JOHN   WESLEY  POWELL. 


A  VALUED  contributor  to  the  cause  of  science,  and  one  whose 
writings  are  regarded  as  standard  and  exhaustive  on  the  subjects 
whereof  they  treat,  Maj.  John  W.  Powell  is  well  fitted  for  the  director- 
ship of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  a  position  he  has  filled 
for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  born  in  Mount  Morris,  N.  Y., 
March  24,  J  334,  and  spent  much  of  his  early  life  in  Ohio,  Wisconsin 
and  Illinois,  during  which  time  he  made  collections  of  geological  and 
natural  history  specimens.  At  the  beginning  of  hostilities  in  1861,  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Twentieth  Illinois  Infantry,  afterward  becom- 
ing lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Second  Illinois  Artillery,  and  although  he 
lost  an  arm  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh  he  continued  in  active  service  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  became  professor  of  geology  and 
curator  of  the  museum  in  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University  and  in  the 
Illinois  Normal  University,  and  in  1868  organized  a  party  for  the 
exploration  of  the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado.  The  success  of  the 
expedition  led  the  general  government  to  sanction  the  establishment  of 
a  topographical  and  geological  survey,  a  department  that  has  since 
assumed  its  present  form  and  name.  Major  Powell,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  established  a  Bureau  of  Ethnology, 
of  which  he  remained  chief  until  1 88 J,  when  he  was  appointed  director 
of  the  Geological  Survey,  and  served  for  thirteen  years.  He  has 
received  honorary  degrees  from  various  colleges  and  universities,  both  in 
this  country  and  in  Europe,  and  is  a  member  of  many  learned  socie- 
ties. He  has  written  extensively  on  his  favorite  themes,  and  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  standard  works  on  geology  and  natural  history. 
He  resigned   the   directorship   of   the   Geological   Survey   in    1894. 


JOHN  WESLEY  POWELL. 

373 


JOSEPH  PULITZER. 


ENERGY,  enterprise  and  the  ability  to  perceive  and  to  supply  on 
the  shortest  notice  the  wants  of  the  reading  public,  must  be  con- 
sidered as  a  part  of  the  capital  necessary  in  the  building  up  of  a  great 
metropolitan  newspaper.  These  requisites  are  possessed  in  an  extraor- 
dinary degree  by  that  successful  journalist,  Joseph  Pulitzer,  proprietor  of 
the  New  York  "World"  and  the  St.  Louis  "Post-Dispatch."  Mr. 
Pulitzer  was  born  in  Buda-Pesth,  Hungary,  April  iO,  J  847.  He  came 
to  America  in  early  youth,  and  settled  in  St.  Louis,  where  he  quickly 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  English,  became  interested  in  politics,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Missouri  Legislature  in  1869,  and  to  the  state  constitu- 
tional convention  in  1874.  He  entered  journalism  at  the  age  of  twenty 
on  the  St.  Louis  "Westliche  Post,"  a  German  Republican  newspaper, 
at  that  time  under  the  editorial  control  of  Carl  Schurz.  Subsequently 
he  became  its  managing  editor,  and  obtained  a  proprietary  interest.  In 
1878  he  founded  the  St.  Louis  "Post-Dispatch,"  and  still  retains  control 
of  that  journal.  In  1883  he  purchased  the  New  York  "World," 
which,  after  twenty-three  years  of  existence  under  various  managers, 
had  achieved  no  permanent  success,  and  at  once  greatly  increased  its 
circulation.  He  is  at  present  its  editor  and  sole  proprietor.  Mr. 
Pulitzer  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1884,  but  resigned  a  few  months 
after  taking  his  seat  on  account  of  the  pressure  of  journalistic  duties. 
Indomitable  pluck  and  perseverance,  coupled  with  keen  foresight  and  a 
faculty  for  keeping  a  little  ahead  of  the  times,  have  enabled  Joseph 
Pulitzer,  within  a  comparatively  few  years,  to  enroll  his  name  among 
the  greatest  journalists  of  the  period  and  to  become  recognized  as  the 
creator  of  one  of  the   most   successful  newspapers  in  the  world. 

374 


JOSEPH  PULITZER. 

375 


GEORGE   MORTIMER  PULLMAN. 


FOR  many  years  there  has  been  no  name  so  inseparably  associated 
with  progress  in  railway  equipment  as  that  of  George  M.  Pull- 
man. The  sleeping  cars  invented  by  him,  and  bearing  his  name,  are 
known  all  over  the  world.  Mr.  Pullman  was  born  in  Chautauqua 
Gjunty,  New  York,  March  3,  1831,  and  began  to  support  himself 
at  the  age  of  fourteen.  At  twenty-two  he  successfully  undertook  a 
contract  for  moving  warehouses  and  other  buildings  along  the  line  of 
the  Erie  canal,  then  being  widened  by  the  state.  In  1859  he  removed 
to  Chicago  and  engaged  extensively  in  the  then  novel  occupation  of 
raising  entire  blocks  of  brick  and  stone  buildings.  In  the  same  year 
he  began  experimenting  with  the  idea  of  inventing  a  sleeping-car  for 
railway  travel,  and  in  1865  the  first  car,  built  on  the  now  well-known 
model,  was  completed,  and  named  "Pioneer."  The  fleet  has  grown 
from  one  car  to  many  hundred  and  its  working  force  from  half  a 
dozen  men  to  fifteen  thousand.  The  cars  are  operated  on  nearly  a 
hundred  roads  and  over  a  mileage  equivalent  to  five  times  the  circum- 
ference of  the  globe.  The  Pullman  Palace  Car  Company,  of  which 
Mr.  Pullman  is  president,  was  organized  in  1867,  and  from  the  first 
has  regularly  paid  its  quarterly  dividends.  Mr.  Pullman  designed  and 
established  the  vestibuled  trains,  now  so  popular.  In  1880  he  founded, 
near  Chicago,  the  industrial  town  of  Pullman,  where  the  numerous 
employes  of  the  company  reside  with  their  families.  Architecturally, 
the  town  is  picturesque,  and  according  to  mortality  statistics  it  is  one 
of  the  most  healthful  places  in  the  world.  Mr.  Pullman  is  addicted 
to  no  affectations;  is  plain  in  his  address,  thoroughly  business-like  in 
his   habits   and   without   ostentation   in   his   liberal   gifts   to   charity. 

376 


GEORGE  MORTIMER  PULLMAN. 


JULIAN  RALPH 


JULIAN  RALPH,  who,  having  made  a  brilliant  record  in  journalism, 
is  now  making  one  as  striking  in  literature,  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  May  27,  1853,  his  father  being  an  English  physician  who 
came  to  this  country  early  in  the  century.  Mr.  Ralph  received  his 
schooling  in  public  and  private  schools  and  was  forced  by  family 
reverses  to  shift  for  himself  at  fourteen,  when  he  became  a  printer's 
apprentice.  At  eighteen  he  was  local  editor  of  the  Red  Bank,  N.  J., 
"Standard,"  and  started  a  newspaper  of  his  own,  the  "Leader,"  in  the 
same  town.  That  failed  and  he  became  editor  of  the  Webster,  Mass., 
"Times"  during  a  broken  period  of  eighteen  months.  At  twenty  he 
was  a  reporter  on  the  "Daily  Graphic"  in  New  York,  and  at  twenty- 
one  went  on  the  New  York  "Sun,"  on  the  staff  of  which  journal  he 
has  been  ever  since.  A  series  of  humorous  dialect  sketches,  entitled 
"The  German  Barber,"  first  called  public  attention  to  his  work,  and 
of  late  years  he  has  written  many  papers  of  travel  and  adventure  for 
"  Harper's,"  "  The  Century,"  and  "  Scribner's."  Fiction  he  did  not 
attempt  until  J  894,  when  he  began  to  exploit  his  knowledge  of  the 
swarming  poor  of  his  native  city  in  a  series  of  short  stories.  His 
books  are  "  On  Canada's  Frontier,"  "  Our  Great  West,"  and  "  Chicago 
and  the  Fair."  He  was  married  in  1876  to  Miss  M.  Isabella  Mount, 
of  Middletown,  N.  J.,  and  is  the  father  of  five  children.  Mr. 
Ralph  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  notable  exponents  of  the  fact  that 
a  newspaper  training  rather  fits  than  unfits  a  writer  for  purely  literary 
work.  A  brilliant  group  of  newspaper  men  have  lately  graduated  with 
deserved  honors  in  the  literary  field,  but  among  them  none  is  more 
prominent  than  the   subject  of  this  sketch. 

378 


JULIAN  RALPH. 

379 


OPE   READ. 


RANKING  high  among  American  humorists  and  delineators  of 
Southern  character,  Opie  Read  has  firmly  established  himself  in 
the  good  graces  of  the  reading  public.  Born  in  Nashville,  Tenn., 
December  22,  1852,  Mr.  Read  received  his  education  in  a  private 
school  and  at  Neophogen  College,  Gallatin.  He  learned  the  printer's 
trade,  which  he  followed  for  a  livelihood  for  some  years,  and  in  1873 
became  a  newspaper  reporter  and  general  writer,  associated  with  the 
"Patriot,"  of  Franklin,  Ky.  He  afterward  had  charge  of  the  city 
department  of  the  Little  Rock  (Ark. )  "  Gazette,"  and  it  was  during 
this  connection  that  he  began  writing  those  inimitable  short  stories  and 
sketches  of  Southern  life  that  subsequently  made  him  famous.  In  1882 
he  founded  the  "Arkansaw  Traveler,"  at  Little  Rock,  and  the  paper 
became  so  popular  that  in  1887,  with  a  view  to  increasing  the  scope 
of  the  publication,  it  was  decided  to  remove  the  plant  to  Chicago,  from 
which  city  the  paper  was  thereafter  issued.  In  1891  he  withdrew 
from  the  "Arkansaw  Traveler"  for  the  purpose  of  devoting  his  whole 
time  to  regular  literary  work,  and  has  published  a  number  of  novels 
that  have  added  greatly  to  his  reputation.  He  is  the  author  of  "A 
Kentucky  Colonel,"  "Emmett  Bonlore,"  "The  Colossus,"  "A  Tennessee 
Judge,"  "Len  Gansett,"  and  other  novels,  besides  innumerable  short  sto- 
ries. Recently  he  has  achieved  success  on  the  platform  by  giving 
public  readings  from  his  own  works.  Like  most  large  men,  for  Opie 
Read  is  a  giant  in  stature,  he  is  generous  and  warm-hearted  to  a 
degree.  His  conversation  abounds  with  humorous  anecdote  and  keen 
flashes  of  wit,  and  in  the  rooms  of  the  Chicago  Press  Club,  his  favor- 
ite lounging   place,   he   is   especially   popular. 

380 


OPE  READ. 

381 


WHITELAW  REID. 


THOUGH  cast  in  a  different  mold,  it  may  be  said  that  the  pres- 
ent editor  of  the  New  York  "Tribune"  is  in  some  respects  as 
great  a  man  as  his  eminent  predecessor,  the  sage  of  Chappaqua. 
Whitelaw  Reid  was  born  in  Xenia,  Ohio,  October  27,  1837.  He  was 
graduated  at  Miami  University  in  1856,  and  in  the  following  year  took 
editorial  charge  of  the  Xenia  "News."  When  the  war  broke  out  he 
went  to  Washington  as  the  correspondent  of  the  Cincinnati  "Gazette," 
subsequently  accompanying  the  Union  army  on  its  march  south,  and 
his  descriptions  of  battles  were  valuable  contributions  to  the  record  of 
the  war.  In  1865  he  was  invited  by  Horace  Greeley  to  take  an  edi- 
torial position  on  the  staff  of  the  New  York  "Tribune,"  and  upon 
the  death  of  Mr.  Greeley  he  succeeded  to  the  ownership  and  manage- 
ment of  that  paper.  Extremely  earnest  in  his  political  views,  Mr. 
Reid,  since  he  became  a  resident  of  New  York,  has  exercised  a  pow- 
erful influence  in  local,  state  and  national  campaigns,  and  upon  the 
accession  of  President  Harrison  in  1889  he  was  appointed  United  States 
Minister  to  Paris.  In  1892,  when  Mr.  Harrison  was  a  candidate  for 
re-election,  Mr.  Reid  received  the  nomination  for  vice-president,  and  suf- 
fered the  common  fate  of  Republican  candidates  in  that  year.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  number  of  books  relating  to  the  history  of  Ohio  dur- 
ing the  war,  to  the  condition  of  the  South  after  the  war,  and  upon 
subjects  of  a  political  and  journalistic  character.  He  is  regent  of  the 
New  York  State  University,  and  a  member  of  many  social,  political 
and  scientific  organizations.  Under  his  able  management  the  "Tribune" 
has  become  a  great  power  in  political  circles  and  the  representative 
Republican  organ  in  the  East. 

382 


WHITELAW  REID. 

383 


GEORGE  GRAHAM   VEST. 


A  NATURAL  orator,  a  man  of  intense  feeling,  generous  impulses 
and  marked  ability,  George  G.  Vest,  United  States  senator  from 
Missouri,  has  become  well  known,  not  alone  in  the  state  he  represents, 
but  throughout  the  country.  He  has  been  a  conspicuous  Democratic 
figure  in  the  Senate  for  years.  He  was  born  in  Frankfort,  Ky.,  De- 
cember 6,  1830.  He  attended  the  high  school  of  B.  B.  Sayre,  in 
Franklin,  for  ten  years,  and  in  1846  entered  Centre  College,  at  Dan- 
ville, in  the  same  state,  graduating  in  1848.  He  studied  law  and 
removed  to  Georgetown,  Mo.,  to  engage  in  its  practice.  In  1856  he 
removed  from  Georgetown  to  Booneville.  In  1861  he  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature,  but  soon  entered  the  Confederate  army,  and  later  became 
a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress,  in  which  body  he  served  two 
years.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law 
in  Sedalia,  Mo.,  forming  a  partnership  with  Judge  John  F.  Philips. 
Mr.  Vest  from  this  date  incidentally  took  part  in  the  political  canvasses 
of  the  Democratic  party,  and  so  became  widely  and  favorably  known 
throughout  the  state.  In  1877  he  removed  from  Sedalia  to  Kansas 
City,  intending  to  engage  in  his  profession  there,  but  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate  as  a  Democrat,  in  place  of  James  H.  Shields, 
Democrat,  who  had  been  elected  to  fill  the  place  made  vacant  by  the 
death  of  Louis  V.  Bogy.  Mr.  Vest  was  re-elected  in  1885,  and  again 
in  1890.  In  the  Senate  he  has  served  on  the  important  standing 
committees,  and  has  shown  the  possession  of  statesmanlike  qualities, 
while  his  gifts  as  a  speaker  and  his  qualities  of  personal  popularity 
have  added  to  his  strength  in  that  body.  In  his  own  state  there  has 
been   no   candidate   opposed   to   him   on   the   occasion  of  his  renominations. 


GEORGE  GRAHAM  VEST. 


JOHN  ROGERS. 


IN  elevating  the  artistic  taste  of  the  masses,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  the  well  known  "Rogers  Groups"  of  statuary  have  had  a 
large  share.  John  Rogers,  the  sculptor,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass., 
and  educated  in  the  Boston  high  school.  While  working  in  a  machine 
shop  at  Manchester,  N.  H.,  his  attention  was  first  drawn  to  sculpture, 
and  he  began  to  model  in  clay  in  his  leisure  hours.  In  J  858  he 
visited  Europe,  and  upon  his  return,  in  J  859,  he  went  to  Chicago, 
where  he  modeled,  for  a  charity  fair,  ''The  Checker  Players,"  a  group 
in  clay,  which  attracted  much  attention.  He  produced  also  some  other 
groups,  but  "The  Slave  Auction,"  which  was  exhibited  in  New  York 
in  I860,  first  brought  him  to  the  notice  of  the  general  public.  This 
was  the  forerunner  of  the  celebrated  war  series  of  statuettes,  which 
included,  among  others,  "The  Picket  Guard,"  "One  More  Shot," 
"Taking  the  Oath  and  Drawing  Rations,"  "Union  Refugees,"  "Wounded 
Scout,"  and  "Council  of  War."  His  works  on  social  subjects,  m.ost 
of  which  have  been  produced  since  the  war,  include  "Coming  to  the 
Parson,"  "Checkers  up  at  the  Farm,"  "The  Charity  Patient,"  "Fetch- 
ing the  Doctor,"  and  "  Going  for  the  Cows."  His  groups  in  illustra- 
tion of  passages  in  the  poets,  particularly  Shakespeare,  have  also  been 
very  popular,  but  he  has  been  most  successful  in  illustrating  every-day 
life  in  its  humorous  and  pathetic  aspects.  His  equestrian  statue  of 
Gen.  John  F.  Reynolds,  which  stands  before  the  city  hall  in  Philadel- 
phia, was  completed  in  1883,  and  in  1887  he  exhibited  "Ichabod  Crane 
and  the  Headless  Horseman,"  a  bronze  group.  A  collection  of  Mr. 
Rogers*  works  was  exhibited  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in 
1893. 

386 


JOHN  ROGERS. 
387 


ANNA  KATHARINE   GREEN  ROHLFS. 


BY  far  the  most  astonishing  thing  about  that  widely-read  novel, 
"The  Leavenworth  Case,"  and  the  later  productions  from  the 
same  pen,  is  that  they  were  written  by  a  woman.  The  book  in 
question  is  now  used  in  Yale  College  as  a  text  book  to  show  the 
fallacy  of  circumstantial  evidence,  and  is  the  subject  of  comments  by 
learned  lawyers,  to  whom  it  appeals  by  its  mastery  of  legal  points. 
Anna  Katharine  Green,  which  is  the  author's  maiden  name,  and  the 
one  by  which  she  is  known  throughout  the  world,  inherits  her  legal 
turn  of  mind.  She  is  the  daughter  of  a  lawyer,  and  was  born  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  November  U,  1846,  While  she  was  yet  a  child 
the  family  removed  to  Buffalo,  and  there  her  education  was  conducted 
until  she  was  old  enough  to  enter  Ripley  Female  College,  at  Poultney, 
Vt.  In  her  childhood  she  composed  innumerable  poems  and  stories, 
and  soon  after  her  graduation  she  wrote  her  first  novel,  "  The  Leav- 
enworth Case,"  which  at  once  attracted  the  attention  of  the  literary 
world,  and  was  afterward  dramatized.  Her  success  brought  eager  invi- 
tations from  publishers  to  furnish  them  stories,  and  other  novels  fol- 
lowed, including  "A  Strange  Disappearance,"  "The  Sword  of  Damo- 
cles," "Hand  and  Ring,"  "X.  Y.  Z.,"  "The  Mill  Mystery,"  "7  to 
12,"  "Behind  Closed  Doors,"  "The  Forsaken  Inn,"  "A  Matter  of 
Millions,"  "  Cynthia  Wakeham's  Money,"  and  "  The  Old  Stone  House." 
Her  poetical  works  are  embraced  in  a  volume  entitled  "  The  Defense 
of  the  Bride,  and  Other  Poems,"  and  "  Risifi's  Daughter,"  a  drama. 
In  November,  1884,  she  was  married  to  Charles  Rohlfs,  of  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  Her  stories  are  all  ingenious  in  plot  and  full  of  dramatic 
interest,  and  they   have   been   published   abroad   in   various   languages. 


ANNA  KATHERINE  GREEN  ROHLFS. 


WILLIAM  STARKE  ROSECRANS. 


CHIEFLY  as  a  great  military  leader,  but  in  no  small  degree  as  a 
diplomat  and  as  a  promoter  of  large  enterprises,  Gen.  William 
S.  Rosecrans  has  won  enduring  fame.  He  was  born  in  Kingston, 
Ohio,  September  6,  1819,  and  was  graduated  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  in  1842,  entering  the  corps  of  engineers.  In  1854, 
after  attaining  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant,  he  resigned  to  establish  him- 
self in  Cincinnati  as  an  architect  and  civil  engineer.  In  1855  he  took 
charge  of  the  Cannel  Coal  Company,  of  West  Virginia,  becoming  also, 
in  1856,  president  of  the  Coal  River  Navigation  Company,  and  in  1857 
he  organized  the  Preston  Coal  Oil  Company.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  war  he  volunteered  as  aide  to  General  McClellan,  then  command- 
ing the  Department  of  the  Ohio,  and  later  succeeded  McClellan  in  the 
command  of  that  department.  In  1862  he  was  made  commander  of 
the  Department  of  the  Columbia,  and  conducted  a  campaign  remarkable 
for  brilliant  movements  and  heavy  fighting.  After  the  war  General 
Rosecrans  went  to  California,  and  was  offered  the  Democratic  nomina- 
tion for  governor  of  that  state,  but  declined  it.  He  was  appointed 
Minister  to  Mexico,  July  27,  1868,  and  held  that  office  until  June  26, 
1869,  when  he  returned  to  the  United  States  and  declined  the  Demo- 
cratic nomination  for  Governor  of  Ohio.  He  was  subsequently  for  a 
number  of  years  connected  with  important  railway  and  mining  projects 
in  California  and  Mexico,  and  in  1876  he  declined  the  Democratic 
nomination  for  Congress  from  Nevada.  In  1881  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  from  California,  serving  until  March,  1885,  and  in  June  of 
the  latter  year  he  was  appointed  register  of  the  United  States  Treasury 
by  President   Cleveland. 


WILLIAM  STARKE  ROSECRANS. 

39  J 


WILLIAM  EUSTIS  RUSSELL. 


TO  be  governor  of  Massachusetts  is,  as  it  has  been  since  the  begin- 
ning of  the  republic,  an  honor  to  any  man.  Doubly  great  is 
it  when  the  man  who  becomes  governor  has  but  lately  attained  man- 
hood. This  honor  came  to  William  Eustis  Russell,  who  was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  January  6,  1857.  He  received  the  ordinary  com- 
mon-school education,  but  was  widely  popular,  and  when  he  was  but 
twenty-five  years  of  age  was  elected  alderman  and  showed  such  marked 
ability  that  he  was  re-elected  without  opposition.  In  J  885  he  became 
a  candidate  for  mayor  of  Cambridge  and  was  re-elected  for  three  terms. 
He  abandoned  politics  and  went  into  business,  but  was  called  into  the 
field  again  by  the  clamor  of  his  party  as  the  most  available  man  in 
all  Massachusetts  for  the  Democratic  party.  He  was  made  candidate 
for  governor,  but  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  twenty-eight  thousand. 
He  was  again  nominated  in  the  succeeding  year  and  was  again  defeated, 
but  this  time  by  only  six  thousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy-five 
votes.  In  1890  he  was  again  nominated  and  elected  by  nearly  nine 
thousand  plurality.  He  was  re-elected  at  the  end  of  his  term  and 
retained  his  place  until  the  Republican  upheaval  in  Massachusetts.  He 
is  one  of  the  shrewdest  and  most  careful  of  the  young  men  in  politics, 
for  he  is  not  yet  forty  years  of  age.  His  extraordinary  success  in 
such  a  state,  at  such  an  age,  and  under  such  circumstances,  made  him 
a  prominent  figure,  and  he  has  become,  to  an  extent,  conspicuous  as 
a  possible  Democratic  candidate  for  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 
He  is  one  of  the  possible  great  factors  in  directing  the  affairs,  not 
merely  of  his  own  state,  but  of  the  nation.  It  is  already  the  political 
fancy  to   talk   of  him    as  presidential   a   possibility. 


WILLIAM  EUSTIS  RUSSELL. 


PATRICK  JOHN   RYAN. 


REMARKABLY  eloquent,  vigorous  and  impressive,  with  a  depth  of 
learning  and  force  of  character  that  make  him  a  power  in  his 
particular  sphere,  Archbishop  Ryan,  of  Philadelphia,  has  fairly  won  the 
ecclesiastical  honors  that  have  come  to  him.  He  was  born  in  Cloney- 
harp,  near  Thurles,  Ireland,  February  20,  J  831,  receiving  his  education 
at  Thurles  and  Dublin,  and  afterward  entering  Carlow  College  to  pre- 
pare himself  for  the  American  mission.  In  1853  he  was  ordained 
deacon,  and  during  the  same  year  he  set  out  for  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
where  he  finished  his  ecclesiastical  studies  in  Carondelet  Seminary,  and 
was  raised  to  the  priesthood  in  1854.  Father  Ryan  became  vicar-gen- 
eral February  15,  1872,  was  elected  coadjutor  archbishop  of  St.  Louis 
and  consecrated  under  the  title  of  Bishop  of  Tricomia  April  14.  Owing 
to  the  age  of  Archbishop  Kenrick,  most  of  the  work  of  governing  the 
diocese  devolved  upon  him,  but  he  was  equal  to  the  emergency  and 
his  administration  was  energetic  and  successful.  Bishop  Ryan  was  one 
of  the  prelates  selected  in  1883  to  represent  the  interests  of  the  Roman 
Catholics  of  the  United  States  in  Rome.  He  was  nominated  arch- 
bishop of  Philadelphia  June  8,  1884.  During  that  year  he  was  pres- 
ent at  the  third  plenary  council  of  Baltimore,  at  which  the  opening 
discourse,  "The  Church  in  Her  Councils,"  was  pronounced  by  him. 
In  1887  he  again  went  to  Rome  on  business  connected  with  the  plan 
of  establishing  a  Catholic  university  in  Washington.  As  a  pulpit  ora- 
tor. Archbishop  Ryan  has  few  equals  in  the  ranks  of  American  clergy- 
men. Some  of  his  lectures  have  been  published,  among  the  most 
popular  of  them  being  "What  Catholics  Do  Not  Believe,"  and  "Some 
of  the   Causes   of   Modern   Religious   Skepticism." 


PATRICK  JOHN  RYAN. 

395 


EDGAR   SALTUS. 


WIELDING  English  with  the  precision  of  the  finished  scholar,  and 
displaying  consummate  skill  in  the  handling  of  every  subject 
that  he  undertakes  to  discuss,  Edgar  Saltus  is  unquestionably  a  master 
of  the  art  literary.  Moreover,  he  possesses  the  rare  faculty  of  com- 
pelling interest  in  his  subject  by  the  very  charm  of  his  style.  Mr. 
Saltus  was  born  in  New  York  City  June  8,  1858.  His  early  educa- 
tion was  received  at  St.  Paul's  school,  Concord,  N.  H.,  after  which 
he  went  abroad  and  studied  at  the  Sorbonne,  Paris,  and  in  Heidelberg 
and  Munich,  Germany.  After  his  return  he  entered  the  Columbia 
College  Law  School,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1880.  His  earliest 
literary  efforts  were  in  poetry,  some  of  which  gave  evidence  of  the 
talent  and  artistic  ability  then  in  process  of  development,  but  his  philo- 
sophical bent  led  him  early  into  prose  writing  and  to  the  revelation  of 
thoughts  and  theories  that  at  once  attracted  attention  to  his  work. 
His  first  book  was  "Balzac,"  a  biography  published  in  Boston  in  1884. 
He  next  devoted  himself  to  the  presentation  of  the  pessimistic  philoso- 
phy, a  history  of  which  he  published  in  1885  under  the  title  of  ''The 
Philosophy  of  Disenchantment."  This  was  followed  by  an  analytical 
exposition,  entitled  "The  Anatomy  of  Negation,"  which  was  first  pub- 
lished in  London  in  1886,  and  in  New  York  in  1887.  Mr.  Saltus 
is  also  the  author  of  "  Mr.  Incoul's  Misadventure,"  "  The  Truth  About 
Tristrem  Varick,"  "Eden,"  "Imperial  Purple,"  "Mary  Magdalene,"  and 
other  works.  In  all  his  writings  there  is  evinced  a  rare  delicacy  of 
touch,  a  felicitous  blending  of  light  and  shadow,  that  give  one  the 
impression  imparted  by  a  series  of  artistically-drawn  pictures,  and  stamp 
the  writer   as   a   word-painter   of   strong   individuality. 

396 


EDGAR  SALTUS. 

397 


JOHN  McAllister  schofield. 


IN  noting  the  famous  military  men  of  today — those  who  have  contin- 
ued their  connection  with  the  army,  whether  confronted  by  grim- 
visaged  war  or  white-winged  peace — one  naturally  turns  to  John  M. 
Schofield,  the  present  commander  of  the  arm.y.  General  Schofield  was 
born  in  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.,  September  29,  1 83 1.  He  graduated  at 
West  Point  in  1853,  and  two  years  later  attained  the  rank  of  first 
lieutenant.  He  then  became  professor  of  natural  philosophy  in  the 
West  Point  Academy,  and  later,  while  on  leave  of  absence,  was  pro- 
fessor of  physics,  in  Washington  University,  St.  Louis.  Being  in  St. 
Louis  at  the  time  of  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  in  J  861,  his  first 
active  service  in  the  great  contest  was  as  chief  of  staff  to  General 
Lyon,  who  was  killed  at  Springfield,  Mo.  He  was  appointed  major- 
general  of  volunteers  in  1862,  and  in  J  864  commanded  the  Army  of 
the  Ohio,  forming  the  left  wing  of  Sherman's  army  in  the  Atlanta 
campaign,  where  he  distinguished  himself  for  bravery  and  good  gener- 
alship. General  Schofield  succeeded  Edwin  M.  Stanton  as  Secretary  of 
War  June  2,  1868,  and  remained  in  that  office  until  the  close  of 
Johnson's  administration,  and  under  Grant,  until  March  12,  1869,  when 
he  was  appointed  major-general  in  the  United  States  army  and  ordered 
to  the  Department  of  the  Missouri.  He  was  president  of  the  board 
that  adopted  the  present  tactics  for  the  army  in  1870,  went  on  a  spe- 
cial mission  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  in  1873,  and  was  president  of 
the  board  of  inquiry  on  the  case  of  Fitz-John  Porter  in  1878.  Upon 
the  death  of  General  Sherman,  in  1888,  he  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  army,  but  under  existing  laws  he  was  retired  in  1895,  being 
succeeded    by   General   Miles. 


JOHN  MCALLISTER  SCHOFELD. 
399 


ALBERT   SHAW. 


ALBERT  SHAW,  now  editor  and  publisher  of  the  American  "Re- 
view of  Reviews/'  ranks  very  fairly  among  the  great  young 
men  of  the  United  States.  He  was  born  in  Butler  County,  Ohio,  July 
23,  J  857,  and  is,  therefore,  just  thirty-seven  years  old.  He  was  fitted 
for  college  privately,  and  went  to  Iowa  in  1875,  where  he  graduated 
in  1879  at  Iowa  College  ( Grinnell ).  His  tastes  were  strongly  for 
public  questions  and  for  writing,  and  he  entered  local  Iowa  newspaper- 
dom,  continuing  his  reading  in  economics  and  political  science.  After- 
ward he  went  for  advanced  study  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  University 
(Baltimore),  where  in  1884  he  took  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  on  comple- 
tion of  work  in  political  economy,  constitutional  law  and  history,  etc. 
Meanwhile  he  had  accepted  an  editorial  position  on  the  Minneapolis 
"  Morning  Tribune."  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  American 
Economic  Association  ten  years  ago,  and  has  contributed  important 
monographic  volumes  to  its  publications,  and  also  to  those  of  the  series 
of  publications  in  history  and  politics  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University. 
In  1887  he  went  to  Europe  for  a  vacation  of  a  year  and  a  half,  and 
traveled  extensively,  among  other  things  making  a  special  study  of 
municipal  government.  On  his  return  he  was  offered  numerous  uni- 
versity professorships,  but  decided  to  remain  in  journalism,  but  accepted 
lectureships  at  the  Johns  Hopkins,  Cornell,  University  of  Wisconsin,  etc. 
After  another  year  as  editor  of  the  Minneapolis  "Tribune,"  he  went 
to  New  York,  at  the  opening  of  1 89 1,  and  established  the  American 
"Review  of  Reviews."  He  continues  to  edit  that  periodical,  of  which 
he  is  also  the  chief  owner.  He  was  married  in  J  893  to  Mrs.  Bessie 
Bacon,  of  Reading,  Pa. 


ALBERT  SHAW. 

401 


GEORGE   SHIRAS. 


FOR  a  place  in  which  to  awake  and  find  one's  self  famous,  there 
is  nothing  to  compare  with  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  A  seat  upon  that  bench  brings  to  the  occupant,  necessarily, 
the  attention  of  sixty  millions  of  people,  yet  it  does  not  follow  that, 
before  his  elevation,  a  Supreme  Court  justice  has  been  more  than  locally 
known.  The  jurist  is  not  advertised  as  is  the  politician,  nor  is  a 
Supreme  Court  appointment  attained  as  the  result  of  a  definite  struggle 
for  that  great  distinction.  It  has  been  the  subject  of  much  comment 
that  not  the  most  famous  men  have  secured  the  prominent  life  position, 
but  it  has  been  the  subject  of  comment  quite  as  much  that  the  appoint- 
ment of  men  comparatively  unknown  to  the  country  at  large  has 
resulted  well.  George  Shiras,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  January 
26,  1832.  He  received  a  very  thorough  preliminary  education,  and 
later  entered  Yale  College,  graduating  from  that  institution  in  1853. 
He  attended  the  Yale  Law  School  in  1854,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Pennsylvania  bar  in  1856.  He  soon  acquired  a  high  standing,  espe- 
cially for  his  knowledge  of  corporation  law  as  well  as  for  his  general 
scholarship.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Yale  University 
in  1883,  and  in  1888  was  one  of  the  Pennsylvania  presidential  electors. 
Upon  the  death  of  the  associate  justice  of  Brooklyn,  in  1892,  Mr. 
Shiras  was  appointed  to  the  vacant  place  on  the  Supreme  bench,  and 
took  the  oath  of  office  October  10  of  the  same  year.  His  marked 
ability  has  been  still  further  manifested  in  the  position  he  now  occu- 
pies. He  is  looked  upon  by  his  countrymen  at  large  as  one  of  the 
eminently  safe  men  upon  the  bench,  one  who  will  be  affected  by  no 
personal   inclination   but   be   ever   strictly   judicial. 


^' 


GEORGE  SHIRAS. 
403 


DANIEL   EDGAR   SICKLES. 


PROMINENT  among  the  men  who  have  served  their  country  faith- 
fully in  times  of  peace  and  fearlessly  during  the  more  trying 
period  of  war  is  Gen.  Daniel  E.  Sickles.  He  was  born  in  New  York 
City  October  20,  1823,  and  began  life  as  a  printer,  but  afterward 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1847,  corporation  counsel  of  the 
city  of  New  York  in  1853,  and  the  same  year  secretary  of  the  Amer- 
ican legation  in  London.  Two  years  later  he  was  sent  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  in  1857  was  elected  to  Congress  and  re-elected  in  1859. 
During  his  first  Congressional  term,  discovering  a  guilty  intimacy 
between  his  wife  and  Philip  Barton  Key,  United  States  Attorney  for 
the  District  of  Columbia,  he  shot  Key  in  the  street  February  27,  1859. 
He  was  indicted  for  murder,  but  acquitted.  In  1861  he  raised  the 
Excelsior  Brigade  and  entered  the  service  as  colonel,  soon  acquiring  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general  and  later  that  of  major-general.  He  was  con- 
spicuous for  gallantry  in  many  battles,  and  at  Gettysburg  lost  a  leg. 
In  1865  he  was  sent  on  a  confidential  mission  to  the  South  American 
republics,  and  in  1866  he  joined  the  Regular  army  as  colonel  of  the 
Forty-second  Infantry.  He  was  placed  on  the  retired  list  in  1869, 
with  the  full  rank  of  major-general,  and  one  month  later  President 
Grant  appointed  him  minister  to  Spain,  a  post  which  he  filled  until 
1873.  He  became  chairman  of  the  New  York  Civil  Service  Com- 
mission in  1888,  sheriff  of  Kings  County  in  1890,  and  was  elected  to 
the  Fifty-third  Congress  as  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  sturdy  and  prominent 
figure  in  all  movements,  and,  as  some  one  has  said,  quoting  the  old 
phrase,   "A   man,   every    inch   of   him." 


DANIEL  EDGAR  SICKLES. 
405 


JERRY   SIMPSON. 


READERS  whose  impressions  of  the  Medicine  Lodge  statesman  have 
been  derived  from  the  ridicule  of  his  political  opponents,  who 
dubbed  him  "Sockless  Simpson"  on  account  of  a  remark  made  in  one 
of  his  campaign  speeches,  will  be  surprised  to  know  that  he  is  a 
rather  good-looking,  well-dressed  man,  with  scarcely  a  suggestion  of 
rural  simplicity  in  his  appearance  or  manner.  Congressman  Simpson, 
of  Kansas,  was  born  in  the  province  of  New  Brunswick  March  31, 
1842,  but  his  parents  removed  to  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  when  he 
was  six  years  of  age.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  life  as  a 
sailor,  which  pursuit  he  followed  for  twenty-three  years  on  the  Great 
Lakes.  During  the  early  part  of  the  Civil  War  he  served  for  a  time 
in  Company  A,  Twelfth  Illinois  Infantry,  but  failing  health  compelled 
him  to  leave  the  service.  In  1878  he  drifted  to  Kansas,  and  is  now 
living  six  miles  from  Medicine  Lodge,  Barber  County,  where  he  is 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  Mr.  Simpson  was  a  Republican 
originally,  casting  his  first  vote  for  the  second  election  of  Abraham 
Lincoln,  but  during  the  past  twelve  years  has  voted  and  affiliated  with 
the  Greenback  and  Union  Labor  parties.  He  twice  ran  for  the  Kan- 
sas Legislature  on  the  Independent  ticket  in  Barber  County,  but  was 
defeated  both  times  by  a  small  plurality.  He  was  nominated  for  the 
Fifty-second  Congress  by  the  People's  party  and  elected  by  the  aid  of 
the  Democrats,  who  indorsed  his  nomination,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Fifty-third  Congress  as  a  Farmers'  Alliance  candidate.  Mr.  Simpson  is 
an  earnest  advocate  of  reforms  for  the  benefit  of  the  farmer  and  work- 
ing classes,  and  is  a  member  of  the  committees  on  Agriculture  and 
Territories. 

406 


JERRY  SIMPSON. 

407 


FRANCIS   HOPKINSON   SMITH. 


PW  men  can  truthfully  say  that  they  have  achieved  success  and 
reputation  in  three  different  professions.  Yet  that  distinction  has 
been  gained  by  F.  Hopkinson  Smith,  the  artist  author  whose  clever 
work  is  familiar  to  all  lovers  of  art  and  readers  of  magazine  literature. 
Mr.  Smith  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  October  23,  1838.  He  re- 
ceived a  thorough  education  and  became  a  civil  engineer,  which  profession 
he  followed  with  success  for  a  number  of  years.  During  that  time  he 
built  a  large  number  of  public  works,  many  of  them  under  contract  with 
the  United  States  Government.  These  include  the  Race  Rock,  light- 
house off  New  London  Harbor,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  and  the  Block 
Island  breakwater.  Mr.  Smith  is  well  known  as  an  artist,  and  has 
produced  some  very  effective  work  in  water-colors  and  charcoal. 
Among  his  water-colors  are  "In  the  Darkling  Wood,"  "Peggotty  on 
the  Harlem,"  "Under  the  Towers,  Brooklyn  Bridge,"  "In  the  North 
Woods,"  and  "A  January  Thaw."  He  has  been  occupied  also  in 
book  and  magazine  illustration,  and  in  late  years  has  become  deservedly 
popular  as  an  author.  In  addition  to  numerous  contributions  to  periodi- 
cals, embracing  stories,  sketches  of  travel,  studies  of  characters  and 
customs,  and  art  reviews^  he  has  published  in  book  form  "Well-worn 
Roads,"  "Old  Lines  in  New  Black  and  White,"  "A  Book  of  the  Tile 
Club,"  and  "Colonel  Carter  of  Cartersville."  He  is  a  member  of 
various  art  associations,  and  from  J  875  until  1878  was  treasurer  of  the 
American  Water-Color  Society.  Mr.  Smith  has  traveled  extensively  in 
foreign  lands  and  written  many  charming  magazine  articles  descriptive 
of  his  tours  and  observations,  all  illustrated  by  himself.  He  is  also  a 
humorist   and   a   delightful   entertainer. 

408 


FRANCIS  HOPKINSON  SMITH. 
409 


AINSWORTH   RAND   SPOFFORD. 


\  7ERY  well  known  throughout  the  United  States  is  the  name  of 
V  the  present  librarian  of  Congress,  a  man  who  has  done  well  in 
the  difficult  post  he  has  occupied  for  more  than  a  generation.  He 
was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1825,  but  moved  at  a  comparatively 
early  age  to  Cincinnati,  engaging  there  as  a  bookseller  and  publisher. 
He  acquired  a  standing  rapidly  and  became  eventually  editor  of  the 
"Daily  Commercial."  In  1861  he  was  made  assistant  librarian  of 
Congress,  and  in  1865  was  nominated  to  his  present  place.  The  posi- 
tion he  occupies  is  in  some  respects  the  most  important  of  its  kind  in 
the  world.  There  is  growing  up  under  his  supervision  what  will 
possibly  be  the  greatest  library  the  world  possesses.  His  record  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  demonstrated  him  to  be  the 
man  for  so  great  a  place.  There  is  now  being  erected  in  Washing- 
ton a  gigantic  structure  adapted  to  hold  a  collection  of  books  beyond 
all  precedent.  Upon  his  thoughtfulness  and  energy  and  his  good  sense 
and  policy  must  depend  in  the  immediate  future,  and  probably  as  long 
as  he  may  live,  the  degree  of  success  and  completeness  of  this  enor- 
mous library  which  one  of  the  greatest  of  nations  is  establishing.  He 
has  done  many  good  things  for  the  country.  Largely  through  his 
efforts  the  great  collection  of  books  in  the  National  Library  has  been 
made  what  it  is,  a  collection  which  will  soon  contain  a  million  books. 
To  him  is  to  be  attributed  the  reform  in  the  manner  of  issuing  copy- 
rights and  the  simple  yet  efficient  manner  under  which  that  important 
branch  of  the  business  of  the  government  is  now  conducted.  He 
deserves  the  wide  reputation  he  has  achieved  for  discriminating  judgment 
and  high  literary  taste. 


AINSWORTH  RAND  SPOFFORD. 

411 


HOKE   SMITH. 


ONE  of  the  men  who  have  been  recently  placed  in  conspicuous 
positions  before  the  public,  and  who  have  demonstrated  their  fit- 
ness for  the  responsible  places  assigned  to  them,  is  Hoke  Smith,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  in  President  Cleveland's  cabinet.  Mr.  Smith  is 
a  comparatively  new  man  in  national  politics.  He  is  a  lawyer  and 
an  editor  from  Atlanta,  Ga.,  born  in  Newton,  N.  C,  September  2, 
J  855.  In  years  he  is  the  youngest  member  of  the  cabinet,  represent- 
ing that  young  element  of  the  South  that  has  come  to  the  front  in 
public  affairs  since  the  war.  His  father  was  Prof.  H.  H.  Smith,  a 
distinguished  educator  of  New  Hampshire,  who  came  from  Revolution- 
ary stock.  Hoke  Smith  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Atlanta  in  1873, 
before  he  was  of  age,  and  became  a  popular  railroad  lawyer,  not  by 
appearing  in  the  interests  of  the  corporations,  but  by  opposing  their 
claims.  He  built  up  a  large  and  remunerative  practice.  In  J  887  he 
organized  and  became  president  of  the  Atlanta  "Journal,"  now  a  lead- 
ing afternoon  paper  of  the  South.  At  that  time  Henry  W.  Grady,  of 
'the  Atlanta  "Constitution,"  was  an  advocate  of  protection.  Mr.  Smith 
championed  the  principle  of  a  low  tariff.  When  Mr.  Cleveland  was 
defeated  in  1888  Mr.  Smith  did  not  waver,  but  predicted  the  downfall 
of  protection.  He  married  the  youngest  daughter  of  Gen.  T.  R.  R. 
Cobb  and  niece  of  the  late  Howell  Cobb,  and  is  closely  related,  by 
his  own  family  as  well  as  through  his  wife,  to  many  of  the  leading 
families  throughout  the  Southern  states.  Mr.  Smith  is  persistent  in 
carrying  out  his  plans  and  in  the  performance  of  whatever  work  may 
be  intrusted  to  him,  giving  little  heed  to  the  criticisms  and  vehement 
protests   which   his   course   sometimes   provokes. 

4J2 


HOKE  SMITH. 

413 


EMMA  DOROTHY   ELIZ/V   NEVITTE   SOUTH  WORTH. 


MANY  mothers,  and  even  grandmothers,  of  today  can  remember 
with  what  pleasurable  emotions  they  pored  over  the  captivating 
novels  of  Mrs.  E.  D.  E.  N.  Southworth  when  they  were  girls.  Not 
a  few  of  them  have  continued  to  read  her  works  ever  since,  and  even 
now  wait  impatiently  for  each  new  story  from  her  pen;  for,  notwith- 
standing her  advanced  age,  Mrs.  Southworth  is  still  writing.  She  was 
born  in  Washington,  D.  C,  in  the  house  and  room  once  occupied  by 
General  Washington,  December  26,  J  8 19.  She  was  graduated  in  1835 
and  in  1840  she  married  Frederick  H.  Southworth,  of  Utica,  N.  Y. 
Four  years  later,  thrown  upon  her  own  resources,  she  became  a  school 
teacher  in  Washington,  and  while  so  occupied  began  to  write  stories, 
the  first  of  which,  "The  Irish  Refugee,"  appeared  in  the  Baltimore 
"Saturday  Visitor."  Subsequently  she  became  a  regular  contributor  to 
the  "National  Era,"  in  the  columns  of  which  paper  appeared  her  first 
novel,  "Retribution."  It  was  issued  in  book  form,  in  1849,  and  the 
author  at  once  attained  such  popularity  that  for  years  some  of  the 
leading  publishers  competed  sharply  for  her  stories.  With  unusual 
rapidity  she  wrote  her  succeeding  stories,  issuing  sometimes  three  in  a 
year.  She  has  published  about  sixty  volumes,  and  continues  to  be 
one  of  the  most  prolific  of  living  writers.  Many  of  her  stories  were 
first  published  serially  in  the  New  York  "Ledger."  They  display 
strong  dramatic  power,  and  the  majority  have  been  translated  into 
French,  German  and  Spanish,  and  re-published  in  London,  Paris,  Leip- 
sic,  Madrid  and  Montreal.  For  twenty-three  years  Mrs.  Southworth 
resided  in  a  beautiful  villa  on  the  Potomac  Heights,  near  Washington, 
but  in   1876   she  removed  to  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

4J4 


EMMA  DOROTHY  ELIZA  NEVITTE  SOUTHWORTH. 

415 


GOLDWIN   SMITH. 


HIS  prominent  connection  with  the  Liberal  movement  in  Canada  and 
his  championship  of  the  United  States  Government  have  made 
the  name  of  Goldwin  Smith  quite  as  popular  on  this  side  of  the  Do- 
minion border  as  it  is  in  Toronto,  where  he  resides.  This  eminent 
author  and  scholar  was  born  in  Reading,  Berkshire,  England,  August 
13,  1823.  He  was  educated  at  Eton  and  Oxford,  and  was  afterward 
associated  with  the  reorganization  of  the  latter  university,  in  which  he 
was  regius  professor  of  modern  history  from  1858  to  1866.  During 
the  Civil  War  in  America  he  Wrote  "Does  the  Bible  Sanction  Ameri- 
can Slavery?"  "On  the  Morality  of  the  Emancipation  Proclamation," 
and  other  pamphlets  that  influenced  public  opinion,  so  that  when  he 
visited  this  country  in  1864,  to  deliver  a  series  of  lectures,  he  received 
an  enthusiastic  welcome  and  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Brown  Univer- 
sity. Returning  to  the  United  States  in  1868,  Mr.  Smith  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  English  and  Constitutional  History  in  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, and  resided  at  Ithaca  until  1871,  when  he  removed  to  Toronto. 
He  has  been  prominent  in  educational  affairs  there,  edited  the  "Cana- 
dian Monthly"  for  two  years,  founded  the  "Nation"  in  1874,  the 
"Bystander"  in  1880,  and  the  Toronto  "Week"  in  1884.  He  has 
written  much  for  English  reviews,  and  among  his  publications  in  book 
form  the  most  popular  in  this  country  are  "The  Civil  War  in  Amer- 
ica," "Experience  of  the  American  Commonwealth,"  and  "The  Rela- 
tions Between  America  and  England."  Mr.  Smith  advocates  the  con- 
solidation of  Canada  and  the  United  States,  which  he  regards  as  the 
manifest  destiny  of  the  countries,  and  is  heartily  in  the  movement  for 
commercial   union   between   the   two   countries. 

416 


GOLDWIN  SMITH. 
4J7 


HARRIET  PRESCOTT   SPOFFORD. 


LUXURIANT  in  expression  and  intense  in  feeling,  with  descriptions 
and  fancies  glittering  with  sensuous  delights  and  every  variety  of 
splendor,  the  stories  of  Harriet  Prescott  Spofford  would  be  charming  if 
their  only  merit  was  their  artistic  coloring.  Mrs.  Spofford  began  writ- 
ing when  very  young.  She  was  born  in  Calais,  Me.,  April  3,  1835, 
but  in  her  youth  was  taken  by  her  parents  to  Newburyport,  Mass., 
which  city  has  ever  since  been  her  home.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
she  was  graduated  at  the  Pinkerton  Academy  at  Derry,  N.  H.  While 
in  school  at  Newburyport  her  prize  essay  on  Hamlet  attracted  the 
attention  of  Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson,  who  became  her  friend  and 
counselor.  Her  father,  Joseph  N.  Prescott,  suffered  a  stroke  of  paral- 
ysis which  permanently  disabled  him,  and  her  mother  also  became  a 
confirmed  invalid,  so  that  she  felt  the  need  of  making  her  talents  avail- 
able, and  began  to  contribute  to  the  Boston  story  papers.  In  1859 
her  sparkling  story  of  Parisian  life,  entitled  "In  a  Cellar,"  appeared  in 
the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  and  gave  her  a  reputation.  The  editor  of 
the  magazine,  James  Russell  Lowell,  had  hesitated  to  publish  the  story 
until  satisfied  that  it  was  not  a  French  translation.  From  that  day 
she  was  a  welcome  contributor  both  of  prose  and  poetry  to  the  chief 
periodicals  of  the  country.  In  J  865  she  was  married  to  Richard  S. 
Spofford,  a  lawyer  of  Boston.  Among  Mrs.  Spofford's  published  works 
may  be  mentioned  "Sir  Rohan's  Ghost,"  "The  Amber  Gods,  and 
Other  Stories,"  "Azarian,"  "New  England  Legends,"  "The  Thief  in 
the  Night,"  "Art  Decoration  Applied  to  Furniture,"  "Marquis  of  Cara- 
bas,"  "Poems,"  "Hester  Stanley  at  St.  Mark's,"  "The  Servant  Girl 
Question,"   and   "Ballads  about   Authors." 


HARRIET  PRESCOTT  SPOFFORD. 

419 


GLAUS   SPRECKELS. 


THE  founder  of  and  principal  factor  in  building  up  the  sugar-refin- 
ing industry  on  the  Pacific  coast  has  become  so  well  known 
through  his  enterprise  and  success  that  his  name  is  familiar  throughout 
all  countries  where  sugar  is  dealt  in  as  an  article  of  commerce.  Glaus 
Spreckels  was  born  in  Lamstedt,  Kingdom  of  Hanover,  in  July,  J  828, 
and  came  to  America  in  1848,  arriving  at  Gharleston,  S.  G.,  where  he 
began  business  as  a  clerk  in  a  grocery  store.  Within  two  years  he 
owned  the  store,  and  soon  developed  a  wholesale  trade  and  became  an 
importer.  In  1855  he  removed  his  business  to  New  York  Gity,  and 
in  1856  again  transferred  it  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  bought  out 
his  brother  Bernard,  who  was  engaged  in  the  grocery  trade.  The 
Albany  Brewery  was  started  by  him  in  San  Francisco  in  1857,  and 
the  venture  proved  so  successful  that  he  disposed  of  his  grocery  house 
and  continued  as  a  brewer  until  1863.  In  that  year  he  sold  the 
brewery,  and,  with  others,  founded  the  Bay  Sugar  Refinery.  For  the 
purpose  of  acquiring  a  complete  knowledge  of  the  sugar  business  he 
went  to  Europe  to  master  the  process  of  manufacturing  beet-root  sugar, 
actually  entering  the  great  refinery  at  Magdeburg  as  a  workman. 
Returning  to  San  Francisco  he  built  another  and  larger  refinery,  and 
in  1867  organized  the  present  great  corporation  of  the  Galifornia  Sugar 
Refinery,  of  which  he  is  president  and  principal  owner.  This  com- 
pany refines  fifty  million  pounds  of  sugar  every  year.  Mr.  Spreckels 
is  also  extensively  engaged  in  sugar-planting  in  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
where  he  obtained  a  grant  of  forty  thousand  acres  of  cane  land,  and 
is  cultivating  sugar  cane  on  an  enormous  scale.  Pluck,  perseverance, 
and    natural     business     ability     are     the    causes  of   his   success. 

420 


CLAUS  SPRECKELS. 

421 


AUGUSTUS   ST.   GAUDENS. 


AUGUSTUS  ST.  GAUDENS,  the  sculptor  whose  design  for  a 
World's  Fair  medal  failed  to  meet  the  approval  of  Secretary- 
Carlisle  and  the  Senate,  is  a  New  Yorker  in  everything  but  the  actual 
accident  of  birth.  He  was  born  in  1848,  of  Irish  and  French  parent- 
age, and  when  but  a  mere  child  was  brought  by  his  parents  to  New 
York  City.  Their  son  showed  his  talent  at  a  very  early  age.  The 
first  money  he  ever  had  he  spent  for  a  box  of  colors.  Work  to  him 
was  a  necessity.  At  thirteen  he  had  to  leave  school  and  was  appren- 
ticed to  a  cameo  cutter.  He  spent  his  days  at  the  bench  and  his 
evenings  at  the  Cooper  Union  art  schools.  Within  three  years  he  had 
a  reputation  as  one  of  the  best  cameo  cutters  in  the  city.  At  nine- 
teen, having  saved  some  money,  he  went  to  Paris  to  perfect  his 
knowledge  of  cameo  cutting.  But  he  had  an  ambition  to  be  an  artist 
in  a  larger  way  and  entered  the  studio  of  Jouffroy,  the  sculptor,  where 
he  worked  with  an  energy  that  made  him  a  favorite  with  his  master. 
The  war  with  Germany  interrupted  his  studies  and  he  went  to  Rome, 
where  he  opened  his  first  studio.  There  he  modeled  a  Hiawatha 
which  ex-Governor  Morgan,  of  New  York,  admired  and  had  cut  in 
marble.  Then  his  success  began.  He  made  a  bust  of  William  M. 
Evarts,  and  after  that  orders  fairly  flowed  in  upon  him.  The  Farra- 
gut  statue  in  Madison  Square,  New  York  City,  was  his  first  great 
public  commission.  The  critics  at  once  pronounced  it  a  masterpiece, 
as  they  did  his  Lincoln,  his  Pilgrim,  and  his  Sherman.  Even  the 
rejected  medal  is  admitted  to  be  adrtiirable  from  an  artistic  point  of 
view,  and  is  considered  by  those  competent  to  pronounce  judgment,  a 
worthy   example   of   his   skill. 

422 


AUGUSTUS  ST.  GAUDENS. 

423 


CHARLES   WARREN   STODDARD. 


IT  is  scarcely  an  extravagance  to  say  that  there  is  nothing  more 
charming  in  modern  literature  than  the  sketches  and  poems  that 
have  from  time  to  time  emanated  from  the  pen  of  Charles  Warren 
Stoddard.  As  one  turns  the  pages  of  "  South  Sea  Idyls,"  for  exam- 
ple, the  pulsing  joys  of  the  tropics  come  over  him,  and  he  feels  all 
the  bewildering  charms  of  the  free  and  careless  life  known  only  to  the 
dweller  under  those  summer  skies.  Mr.  Stoddard  was  born  in  Roch- 
ester, N.  Y.,  August  7,  1843,  and  was  educated  in  New  York  City 
and  California,  to  which  state  he  removed  with  his  father  in  1855. 
In  J  864  he  went  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  where  he  has  since  passed 
much  of  his  time,  and  as  traveling  correspondent  of  the  San  Francisco 
"Chronicle"  from  1873  to  1878  he  visited  many  of  the  islands  in  the 
South  Seas,  Europe,  Asia,  Africa  and  the  Pacific  slope  from  Alaska  to 
Mexico.  His  keen  observation,  his  poetical  temperament  and  his 
remarkable  powers  of  description  have  enabled  him  to  write  most  enter- 
tainingly of  what  he  has  seen.  Mr.  Stoddard  began  to  write  poetry 
at  an  early  age,  was  for  a  short  time  an  actor,  has  occasionally  lec- 
tured, and  has  contributed  to  many  of  the  leading  magazines.  In  1885 
he  became  professor  of  English  literature  in  Notre  Dame  University  at 
South  Bend,  Ind.,  remaining  in  that  position  about  a  year.  He  revis- 
ited Europe  in  t889,  and  upon  his  return  took  the  chair  of  English 
Literature  in  the  Catholic  University  of  America  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
which  post  he  still  retains.  His  latest  work,  "Hawaiian  Life,  or  Lazy 
Letters  from  Low  Latitudes,"  has  but  recently  been  published,  and  is  a 
masterpiece  of  descriptive  writing.  He  is  an  earnest  student  equally  of 
the  books  of  nature  and  of  those  written  by  man. 

424 


CHARLES  WARREN  STODDARD. 
425 


FRANCIS  RICHARD  STOCKTON. 


QUAINT  humor  and  droll  philosophy,  mingled  with  bits  of  tender 
sentiment,  all  strung  on  the  thread  of  a  prankish  imagination, 
make  up  the  stories  that  come  to  us  from  the  clever  author  of  that 
tantalizing  fragment,  "The  Lady  or  the  Tiger?"  Mr.  Stockton  is  an 
author  of  such  marked  individuality  that  there  is  none  with  whom  to 
compare  him.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  5,  J  834.  After 
receiving  an  education  he  became  an  engraver  and  draughtsman,  and 
in  1866  invented  a  double  graver.  But  soon  thereafter  he  abandoned 
that  occupation  for  journalism,  toward  which  he  had  a  natural  leaning. 
After  being  connected  with  the  "Post,"  in  Philadelphia,  and  "Hearth 
and  Home,"  in  New  York,  he  joined  the  editorial  staff  of  "Scribner's 
Monthly,"  where  he  had  an  opportunity  of  developing  the  literary  talent 
that  had  already  made  itself  manifest.  Upon  the  establishment  of  "St. 
Nicholas,"  in  the  autumn  of  1873,  he  became  its  assistant  editor. 
His  earliest  writings  were  fantastic  stories  for  children,  written  under 
the  name  of  Frank  R.  Stockton,  which  he  has  since  retained.  Later 
he  attained  a  wide  reputation  for  his  short  stories  for  older  people, 
among  them  being  the  "Rudder  Grange"  sketches,  "A  Transferred 
Ghost,"  "  The  Spectral  Mortgage,"  "  A  Tale  _  of  Negative  Gravity," 
and  "The  Remarkable  Wreck  of  the  'Thomas  Hyke.'"  But  it  was 
that  little  conundrum  of  three  magazine  pages,  "The  Lady  or  the 
Tiger?"  that  set  everybody  talking  and  made  the  author  famous.  His 
novels  are  "The  Late  Mrs.  Null,"  "The  Casting  Away  of  Mrs. 
Leeks  and  Mrs.  Aleshine,"  "  The  Dusantes "  and  "  The  Hundredth 
Man.'*  Mr.  Stockton's  humorous  view  is  broad,  but  his  writings  will 
outlive  a  thousand  laughs. 

426 


FRANQS  RIOiARD  STOCKTON. 
427 


JOHN  PIERCE  ST.  JOHN. 


COMPARATIVELY  few  people  are  familiar  with  the  early  life  of 
the  man  who  is  chiefly  remembered  as  a  former  governor  of 
Kansas,  and  as  a  subsequent  leader  of  the  Prohibition  party,  of  which 
he  was  once  the  candidate  for  the  presidency  of  the  United  States. 
Yet  lohn  P.  St.  John  has  had  a  checkered  career.  He  was  born  in 
Franklin  County,  Indiana,  February  25,  1833.  In  his  early  years  he 
was  employed  on  his  father's  farm,  and  was  a  clerk  in  a  grocer's 
store.  In  1853  he  went  to  California,  where  he  worked  in  various 
capacities,  and  made  voyages  to  South  America,  Mexico,  Central  Amer- 
ica and  the  Sandwich  Islands.  He  also  served  in  wars  with  the 
Indians  in  California  and  Oregon.  In  1860  he  removed  to  Charleston, 
111.,  to  continue  the  study  of  law,  which  he  had  begun  in  his  miner's 
cabin.  Early  in  1862  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Sixty-eighth 
Illinois  Volunteer  regiment,  and  before  the  close  of  the  war  was  lieu- 
tenant-colonel of  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-third  regiment.  After 
the  war  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Charleston,  but  subsequently 
removed  to  Independence,  Mo.,  where  he  practiced  successfully  for  four 
years  and  gained  a  reputation  as  a  political  orator.  He  removed  to 
Olathe,  Kan.,  in  1869,  served  in  the  State  Senate  in  1873  and  1874, 
and  was  elected  governor  of  Kansas  as  a  Republican  in  1878.  He 
held  that  office  until  1882,  when  he  was  defeated  as  a  candidate  for 
a  third  term.  In  1884  he  was  the  candidate  of  the  Prohibition  party 
for  the  presidency,  and  received  151,809  votes.  He  is  still  an  active 
Prohibitionist,  dividing  his  time  between  lecturing  on  temperance  and 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  stands  as  an  example  of  unswerving 
devotion  to  a  noble  principle. 

423 


JOHN  PIERCE  ST.  JOHN. 
429 


RICHARD  HENRY   STODDARD. 


PW  men  are  better  known  in  what  may  be  called  the  old  New 
York  literary  group  than  Richard  Henry  Stoddard.  He  was  born 
in  Hingham,  Mass.,  in  July,  1825.  When  he  was  ten  years  of  age 
his  family  removed  to  New  York,  in  which  city  he  learned  the  trade 
of  an  iron  molder.  The  literary  instinct  was  strong  within  him, 
though,  and  as  early  as  1848  he  began  contributing  to  the  newspapers 
and  periodicals  of  the  day.  He  soon  acquired  a  recognized  place  in 
the  American  literary  world  of  the  time,  a  place  he  has  retained.  He 
has  produced  a  number  of  works,  among  them  being  included  "Adven- 
tures in  Fairyland,"  "Town  and  Country,"  "The  Story  of  Little  Red 
Riding  Hood,"  "The  Children  in  the  Wood,"  "Putnam  the  Brave," 
"  Memoir  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe,"  the  "  Bric-a-Brac,"  and  "  Sans  Souci 
Series"  of  compilations  and  a  number  of  volumes  relating  to  English 
literature.  If  fault  is  to  be  found  with  Mr.  Stoddard's  work  in  the 
consideration  of  literary  matters,  it  must  be  on  the  basis  that  he  is  not 
always  in  touch  with  the  new  schools  of  literature  and  has  come  to 
have  creeds  as  to  book-making;  but  it  is  admitted  of  him  by  all  that 
he-  is  an  able  essayist  and  critic,  and  that  by  his  capable  selections  he 
has  aided  not  a  little  in  popularizing  the  best  class  of  work  in  the 
United  States.  He  has  done  much  newspaper  work,  and  is  still  a 
regular  and  vigorous  writer  for  the  daily  press,  being  at  the  present 
time  the  literary  reviewer  on  the  New  York  "Mail  and  Express."  He 
represents  a  school  now  passing  away,  which  was  a  good  one,  which 
was'  conservative  but  which  did  much  toward  making  American  litera- 
ture what  it  is.  It  was,  at  least,  always  a  clean  school  and  one 
tending  to   promote   decent   thought   and  action. 


RICHARD  HENRY  STODDARD. 

431 


ADOLPH   HEINRICH   JOSEPH   SUTRO. 


AMONG  the  names  most  worthy  of  inscription  upon  the  tablets  of 
honored  perpetuity  in  America  is  the  name  associated  in  the 
public  mind  with  one  of  the  greatest  engineering  feats  of  the  century — 
Adolph  Sutro.  This  distinguished  man  was  born  in  Aix-Ia-Chapelle, 
Rhenish,  Prussia,  April  29,  1830.  He  came  to  America  in  1850,  and 
went  at  once  to  California  to  engage  in  mining  operations,  for  which 
his  studies  had  fitted  him.  He  visited  Nevada  in  I860,  and  after  a 
careful  inspection  of  the  mining  region  there,  planned  the  now  famous 
Sutro  tunnel  through  the  heart  of  the  mountain  where  lay  the  Corn- 
stock  lode.  Having  interested  capitalists  in  the  project,  he  obtained  a 
charter  from  the  Nevada  Legislature  February  4,  1865,  and  the  authori- 
zation of  Congress  July  25,  1866.  Mining  companies  agreed  to  pay 
toll  of  two  dollars  for  each  ton  of  ore  from  the  time  when  the  tunnel 
should  reach  and  benefit  their  mines.  The  work  was  begun  October 
19,  1869,  and  before  the  close  of  1871  four  vertical  shafts  were  opened 
along  the  line  of  the  tunnel,  one  of  which  was  552  feet  deep.  The 
distance  from  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  to  the  Savage  mine,  where,  at 
a  depth  of  sixteen  hundred  and  fifty  feet  from  the  surface,  it  formed 
the  first  connection  with  the  Comstock  lode,  is  twenty  thousand  feet. 
Lateral  tunnels  connect  it  with  the  mines  on  either  side  of  the  main 
bore.  In  1879  the  great  tunnel  was  finished  and  its  projector  became 
a  millionaire  many '  times  over.  Mr.  Sutro  has  devoted  a  part  of  his 
fortune  to  the  establishment  of  a  fine  library  and  art  gallery  in  San 
Francisco,  where  he  resides,  and  his  gifts  to  public  charities  have  been 
many  and  munificent.  In  his  lovely  home  at  Sutro  Heights  he  has 
collected   many   souvenirs   of   his   tours   throughout   the   world. 

432 


ADOLPH  HEINRICH  JOSEPH  SUTRO. 

433 


ADA  CELESTE  SWEET. 


r  certain  fields  of  effort  probably  no  other  woman  in  the  country 
has  accomplished  so  much  as  Ada  C.  Sweet,  of  Chicago.  Not 
only  has  she  become  known  as  one  of  the  most  sincere  and  intelligent 
workers  in  the  interest  of  reforms  and  humanitarianism,  but  she  has 
demonstrated  to  the  world  that  in  the  management  of  a  difficult  public 
office  a  woman's  tact  and  judgment  may  at  least  equal  those  of  a 
man.  Miss  Sweet  is  the  daughter  of  Gen.  Benjamin  J.  Sweet,  a  law- 
yer and  distinguished  officer  in  the  Civil  War,  and  was  born  at  Stock- 
bridge,  Wis.,  February  23,  J  853.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  she  became 
assistant  to  her  father,  who  was  at  that  time  United  States  Agent  for 
paying  pensions  in  Chicago,  and  afterward  first  deputy  commissioner  of 
internal  revenue  at  Washington,  remaining  with  him  until  his  death, 
January  I,  1874.  Shortly  thereafter  President  Grant  appointed  her 
United  States  Agent  for  paying  pensions  at  Chicago.  In  the  conduct 
of  this  office,  which  employed  a  large  clerical  force  and  disbursed 
millions  of  dollars  annually.  Miss  Sweet  made  a  remarkable  record, 
effecting  many  reforms  and  reducing  the  work  to  a  system  which  was 
promptly  adopted  by  the  government  in  the  reorganization  of  all  the 
other  pension  agencies  in  the  country.  She  resigned  the  office  Octo- 
ber I,  1885,  to  engage  in  business  on  her  own  account,  and,  after 
visiting  Europe,  was  for  two  years  the  literary  editor  of  the  Chicago 
**  Tribune.'*'  Since  1888  she  has  pursued  the  vocation  of  United  States 
Qaims  Attorney,  finding  time,  however,  to  do  much  literary  and  phil- 
anthropical  work,  and  to  labor  for  governmental  reforms,  besides  meet- 
ing all  social  obligations.  Among  other  benefactions  she  founded  the 
ambulance  system  in  connection   with  the  Chicago  police  department. 


I 


ADA  CELESTE  SWEET. 

435 


THOMAS  De  WITT   TALMAGE. 


COMBINING  in  an  extraordinary  degree  the  advantages  of  profound 
learning,  the  physical  and  mental  qualifications  of  an  orator,  a 
deep  religious  sense  and  a  pleasing  manner,  the  Rev.  T.  De  Witt 
Talmage  is  popular  alike  in  the  pulpit  and  on  the  platform.  He  was 
born  in  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  January  7,  1832,  and  educated  at  the 
University  of  the  City  of  New  York.  After  graduating  at  the  New 
Brunswick  Theological  Seminary  in  1856,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  Belleville,  N.  J.  He  had  charge  of 
the  church  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  from  1859  to  1862,  and  of  one  in 
Philadelphia  from  1862  to  1869.  During  the  war  he  was  chaplain  of 
a  Pennsylvania  regiment.  In  1869  he  became  pastor  of  the  Central 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  which  post  he  still  holds 
His  congregation,  in  1870,  built  the  now  famous  Brooklyn  Tabernacle, 
which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1872,  but  at  once  rebuilt  on  a  grander 
scale.  It  is  the  largest  Protestant  church  in  the  country.  The  ser- 
mons of  Dr.  Talmage  are  published  weekly  in  nearly  six  hundred 
religious  and  secular  journals  in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  being 
translated  into  various  languages.  He  has  at  different  times  edited 
"  The  Christian  at  Work "  in  New  York,  "  The  Advance "  of  Chicago, 
and  "Frank  Leslie's  Sunday  Magazine,"  and  has  published  a  number 
of  books.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  llie  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York  in  1862,  and  that  of  D.  D.  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Tennessee  in  1884.  Dr.  Talmage  has  made  a  number  of  suc- 
cessful lecturing  tours  in  the  United  States,  always  attracting  large 
audiences  wherever  he  appears,  and  has  also  traveled  and  lectured  in 
Europe. 


THOMAS  DEWITT  TALMAGE. 
437 


NICKOLA   TESLA. 


A  YOUNG  Servian  became  an  American  and  accomplished  wonders. 
Born  in  Servia  between  thirty  and  forty  years  ago,  Nickola 
Tesia  is  a  Slav  of  Slavs,  with  the  racial  characteristics  strongly 
stamped  in  look,  speech  and  action,  but  he  has  developed  the  same 
genius  which  has  marked  the  highest  class  of  American  students  and 
inventors.  His  father  was  an  eloquent  clergyman  in  the  Greek 
church,  but  to  his  mother  may  probably  be  traced  the  secret  of  his 
inventive  genius,  for  she  made  looms  and  churns  for  the  pastoral 
household  while  her  husband  preached.  Tesla's  electrical  work  started 
when,  as  a  boy,  in  the  Polytechnic  school  at  Gratz,  he  first  saw  a 
direct-current  Gramme  machine  and  was  told  that  a  commuter  was  a 
vital  and  necessary  feature  in  all  such  apparatus.  He  was  interested. 
He  persevered  in  mathematics  and  mechanical  studies  and  mastered 
incidentally  half  a  dozen  languages,  and  at  last  became  assistant  in  the 
Government  Telegraph  Engineering  Department  at  Buda-Pesth.  He 
drifted  westward  and  made  his  way  to  Paris;  he  then  made  his  way 
across  the  Atlantic  to  work  in  one  of  the  Edison  shops  and  to  enter  upon 
a  new  stage  of  development.  He  evinced  a  marvelous  comprehension 
and  ingenuity  and  soon  won  the  admiration  of  the  great  inventor. 
He  worked  as  arduously  as  did  Edison  himself,  but  worked  on  new 
lines,  lines  so  divergent  from  those  of  the  master  that  separation  was 
wise.  Tesla  had  become  a  genius  of  the  electrical  world  by  himself, 
supported  by  Edison.  The  pupil  has  made  marvelous  discoveries  and 
is  known  throughout  the  civilized  world  because  of  what  he  has 
accomplished  in  his  field.  He  has  a  future  of  vast  promise  and  bids 
fair  to  rival  his  illustrious  master. 

438 


NICKOLA  TESLA. 

439 


MARY  VIRGINIA   TERHUNE. 


PROMINENT  in  the  literature  of  domestic  economy,  as  well  as  in 
the  field  of  fiction,  the  name  of  "Marion  Harland"  is  in  very- 
truth  a  household  word  in  the  United  States.  The  lady  who  has 
made  this  pen-name  famous  is  Mrs.  Mary  Virginia  Terhune  She 
was  born  in  Amelia  County,  Virginia,  December  31,  1831.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  she  began  to  contribute  to  a  weekly  paper  in  Rich- 
mond, and  when  in  her  sixteenth  year  sent  to  a  magazine  a  sketch 
entitled  "Marrying  through  Prudential  Motives,"  which  was  reprinted 
in  England,  translated  for  a  French  journal,  retranslated  into  English 
for  a  London  magazine,  and  then  reproduced  in  its  altered  form  in 
this  country.  In  1856  she  married  Rev.  Edward  Payson  Terhune, 
who  is  now  pastor  of  a  Brooklyn  church.  She  has  been  a  constant 
contributor  of  tales,  sketches  and  essays  to  magazines,  edited  a  monthly 
called  "Babyhood"  for  two  years,  besides  conducting  special  depart- 
ments in  "Wide- A  wake"  and  "St.  Nicholas,"  and  in  )[888  established 
a  magazine  called  the  "Home-Maker."  Her  first  novel  was  "Alone: 
A  Tale  of  Southern  Life  and  Manners,"  issued  under  the  pen-name  of 
"Marion  Harland,"  and  has  been  followed  by  about  twenty  others,  all  of 
which  have  attained  great  popularity.  She  has  also  published  a  number 
of  volumes  on  domestic  economy,  cookery,  and  various  topics  connected 
with  home  management,  whereby  she  has  become  known  to  thousands 
of  women  throughout  the  civilized  world,  and  is  recognized  as  a  high 
authority  on  all  subjects  associated  with  housekeeping.  Mrs.  Terhune 
has  resided  in  New  York  since  1884,  is  a  member  of  Sorosis  and 
several  other  organizations  of  a  literary  and  philanthropical  character, 
and   has   lectured   before   various   societies   on   her   favorite   themes. 

440 


MARY  VIRGINIA  TERHUNE. 

441 


CELIA  LAIGHTON  THAXTER. 


MANY  people  will  be  interested  to  know  that  they  are  in  a  great 
measure  indebted  to  the  late  James  Russell  Lowell  for  the  pleas- 
ure they  have  derived  from  reading  the  exquisite  poems  of  Celia  Thax- 
ter,  for  it  was  he  who  discovered  her  genius.  Mrs.  Thaxter  never 
sought  admittance  to  the  field  of  literature,  but  Mr.  Lowell,  while  edi- 
tor of  the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  happened  to  see  some  verses  which  she 
had  written  for  her  own  amusement,  and,  without  saying  anything  to 
her  about  it,  christened  them  "  Landlocked,"  and  published  them  in  the 
"Atlantic."  Mrs.  Thaxter  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  June  29 ^ 
1835.  When  she  was  four  years  old  her  father,  Thomas  B.  Laigh- 
ton,  took  his  family  to  the  Isles  of  Shoals  to  live.  The  childhood  of 
herself  and  two  brothers  was  passed  at  White  Island,  where  her  father 
kept  the  lighthouse,  which  is  described  by  her  in  her  book,  "Among 
the  Isles  of  Shoals."  During  her  later  life  she  has  continued  to  spend 
all  her  summers  among  those  islands.  In  1851  she  was  married  to 
Levi  Lincoln  Thaxter,  of  Watertown,  Mass.,  who  died  in  1884.  After 
the  publication  of  her  first  verses  in  the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  she  had 
many  calls  for  her  work,  and  at  last,  persuaded  by  the  urgent  wishes 
of  her  friends,  John  G.  Whittier,  James  T.  Fields  and  others,  she  issued 
her  first  volume  of  poems  in  1871,  and  later  the  prose  work  "Among 
the  Isles  of  Shoals."  Her  other  books  are:  "Drift weed,"  "Poems  for 
Children,"  and  "Cruise  of  the  Mystery,  and  Other  Poems."  Among 
the  finest  of  her  single  poems  may  be  mentioned  "Courage,"  "Kittery 
Church-yard,"  "The  Spaniards'  Graves,"  "The  Watch  of  Boon  Island," 
"  The  Sandpiper,"  "  A  Tryst,"  and  "  The  Song  Sparrow."  She  is  a 
most   fastidious   writer. 

442 


CELIA  LAIGHTON  THAXTER. 
443 


THEODORE  RUGGLES  TIMBY. 


THE  famous  inventor,  Theodore  Ruggles  Timby,  was  born  in 
Dover,  N.  Y.,  April  5,  1822.  His  remarkable  cast  of  mind 
was  manifested  at  an  early  age,  and,  when  only  fourteen  years  old, 
he  made  a  practical  working  model  of  a  floating  dry-dock.  The  cir- 
cular form  of  Castle  William  in  New  York  harbor  suggested  to  him 
the  idea  of  a  revolving  plan  for  defensive  works,  and  in  J  84  J  he 
submitted  to  the  government  the  design  of  a  revolving  battery  to  be 
constructed  of  iron,  the  first  practical  suggestion  for  the  use  of  iron  in 
military  defensive  works.  His  first  official  record  was  made  in  1843. 
He  then  sent  a  model  of  his  turret  to  China,  and  in  J  856  submitted 
his  plans  personally  to  Napoleon  IE.  Later  he  patented  a  broad  claim 
for  a  revolving  tower  for  defensive  and  offensive  warfare  on  land  or 
water.  The  builders  of  the  Monitor  paid  him  a  royalty  of  $5,000 
for  each  turret  constructed  by  them.  Among  the  modifications  of  his 
revolving  battery  are  the  cordon  of  revolving  towers  across  a  channel, 
the  mole  and  tower  system,  the  subterraneous  system,  the  tower  and 
shield  system,  and  the  hemispheroidal  system,  together  with  the  plan  of 
firing  heavy  guns  by  electricity  now  in  universal  use.  In  1888  Mr. 
Timby  had  a  bill  introduced  in  Congress  to  provide  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  sixty-inch  refracting  telescope.  As  early  as  1856  he  had 
become  deeply  interested  in  the  solution  of  the  laws  of  solar  light  and 
heat,  and  is  now  engaged  on  an  exhaustive  paper,  the  result  of  his 
researches  and  conclusions.  He  has  received  the  honorary  degrees  of  M. 
A.  S.  D.,  and  LL.  D.  In  1890  the  Legislature  of  the  state  of  New  York 
passed  a  resolution  asking  Congress  to  give  to  Mr.  Timby  national 
recognition. 


THEODORE  RUGGLES  TIMBY. 

445 


BLANCHE  DILLAYE. 


TO  have  acquired,  while  still  a  young  woman,  prominence  in  one 
of  the  most  difficult  of  arts,  and  to  be  accepted  in  some  respects 
as  an  authority  in  a  field  where  far  more  men  than  women  are  in 
competition,  is  certainly  sufficient  cause  for  a  just  pride,  and  this  is 
what  Miss  Blanche  Dillaye  has  accomplished.  She  was  born  in  Syr- 
acuse, N.  Y.,  her  parents  being  Hon.  Stephen  D.  Dillaye,  a  widely 
known  writer  on  economic  subjects,  and  Charlotte  B.  Malcolm  Dillaye, 
and  was  educated  at  Miss  Bonney's  and  Miss  Dillaye's  school  (now 
known  as  the  Ogontz  College )  for  young  ladies.  In  the  school,  as 
had  been  the  case  from  early  childhood,  Miss  Dillaye  evinced  a  talent 
for  drawing,  and  she  was  finally  allowed  a  year  of  study  to  develop 
herself  in  the  art.  She  went  abroad,  but  her  final  work  came  in 
connection  with  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  She  became 
a  teacher  in  a  young  ladies'  school  and  still  pursued  her  art  studies. 
Her  fondness  was  for  black  and  white,  and  she  was  attracted  toward 
etching  as  a  specialty.  Masters  in  this  branch  aided  her  and  found 
an  apt  pupil.  She  is  the  author  of  many  notable  etchings,  and  has 
even  more  than  a  national  reputation.  Her  work  has  been  exhibited 
successfully  in  England  and  in  the  Paris  Salon,  and  she  has  occupied 
many  official  positions  in  connection  with  art  matters.  At  the  Colum- 
bian Exposition  she  represented  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  judg- 
ment of  etchings,  and  during  the  exposition's  progress  a  paper  on  her 
art  was  read  by  her  before  the  Congress  of  Women,  which  attracted 
wide  attention.  She  is  an  artist  of  great  gifts  in  the  special  field  she 
has  selected,  a  field  rapidly  attaining  greater  prominence  in  the  Ameri- 
can  world   of   art.  | 

446 


I   /^/aue^'^^^ 


y(^-_ 


BLANCHE  DILLAYE. 

447 


GEORGE  ALFRED  TOWNSEND. 


KNOWN  to  the  world  as  a  war  correspondent,  historian,  novelist, 
lecturer,  and  the  most  prolific  writer  for  the  newspaper  press  in 
America,  George  Alfred  Townsend  ("Gath")  has  had  a  remarkable 
career.  He  is  the  son  of  a  Methodist  minister,  and  was  born  in 
Georgetown,  Del.,  January  30,  184L  He  was  educated  mainly  in 
Philadelphia,  and  immediately  after  leaving  school,  in  1860,  became  city 
editor  of  "Forney's  Press."  In  1862  he  was  war  correspondent  for 
the  New  York  "Herald,"  describing  for  that  journal  "McClellan's  and 
Pope's  campaigns.  Later  in  the  year  he  went  to  Europe,  where  he 
wrote  for  English  and  American  magazines  until  June,  1864,  when  he 
returned  and  furnished  for  the  New  York  "World"  graphic  descrip- 
tions of  the  closing  battles  and  incidents  of  the  war.  He  edited  the 
New  York  "Citizen"  for  a  time,  then  went  to  Europe  to  report  the 
Austro-Prussian  war,  and  afterward  lectured,  and  v/rote  constantly  for 
several  years.  His  engagements  with  the  Chicago  "Tribune,"  Cincin- 
nati "Enquirer,"  Boston  "Globe"  and  other  leading  journals  have  made 
him  famous  as  a  political  and  descriptive  writer  and  interviewer.  He  has 
used  the  pen-name  "Gath"  for  twenty-six  years.  In  addition  to  his 
other  work  he  has  published  twenty  books,  several  of  them  American 
historical  novels.  In  1885  Mr.  Townsend  founded  a  settlement  and 
"literary  factory,"  called  Gapland,  on  South  Mountain  battle-field,  fifty- 
eight  miles  from  Washington.  He  spends  his  winters  in  Washington. 
In  1892  he  made  his  sixth  visit  to  Europe  to  study  the  haunts  of 
Columbus  and  gather  material  for  his  novel,  "Columbus  in  Love," 
which  has  since  been  published.  Necessarily  Mr.  Townsend  has  a 
wide    acquaintance    with    public    men. 

448 


GEORGE  ALFRED  TOWNSEND. 
449 


JOHN  TOWNSEND  TROWBRE)GE. 


DESERVEDLY  one  of  the  most  popular  writers  for  the  young  in 
this  country  is  J.  T.  Trowbridge.  That  clever  critic,  John  Bur- 
roughs, once  said  of  him:  "He  knows  the  heart  of  the  boy  and  the 
heart  of  the  man,  and  has  laid  them  both  open  in  his  books."  Mr. 
Trowbridge  was  born  in  Ogden,  N.  Y.,  September  8,  1827.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  after  teaching  and  working  on  a 
farm  for  one  year  in  Illinois  he  settled  in  New  York  City,  where  he 
wrote  for  the  journals  and  magazines.  He  went  to  Boston  about 
1848,  and  was  subsequently  connected  with  various  newspapers  and 
magazines  in  that  city.  From  1870  to  1873  he  was  managing  editor 
of  "Our  Young  Folks."  He  was  one  of  the  original  contributors  to 
the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  in  which  magazine  were  published  his  poems, 
"The  Vagabonds,"  "At  Sea,"  and  "The  Pewee,"  and  the  popular 
short  story,  "Coupon-Bonds."  His  "Neighbor  Jackwood"  is  the  pio- 
neer of  noyels  of  real  life  in  New  England,  just  as  "The  Vagabonds" 
is  the  first  specimen,  and  one  of  the  best,  of  the  school  of  poetry  since 
made  popular  by  Bret  Harte  and  others.  Mr.  Trowbridge  has  led  an 
active  literary  life,  and  is  still  writing  in  the  same  happy  vein  that 
delighted  us  so  much  when  "Cudjo's  Cave"  was  fresh  from  the  press. 
Among  his  best  stories,  besides  those  mentioned  are:  "Neighbors* 
Wives,"  "  Farnell's  Folly,"  "  The  Drummer  Boy,"  "  Martin  Merrivale," 
"Father  Brighthopes,"  "The  Fortunes  of  Toby  Trafford."  "The  Three 
Scouts,"  "The  Silver  Medal,"  "Bound  in  Honor,"  "The  Jolly  Rover," 
"The  Tinkham  Brothers'  "Tide-Mill,"  etc.  Mr.  Trowbridge  portrays 
human  nature  through  his  sympathy  and  hearty  affiliation  with  it,  not 
through  mere  intellectual  acuteness. 


JOHN  TOWNSElSfD  TROWBRIDGE. 

451 


WILLIAM  FREEMAN  VILAS. 


PLACED  in  a  conspicuous  position  before  the  nation  as  chairman  of 
the  Democratic  National  Convention  that  nominated  Grover  Cleve- 
land to  the  presidency  in  1884,  William  F.  Vilas  leaped  into  public 
prominence  at  a  bound.  Prior  to  that  time  he  had  been  merely  a 
successful  lawyer  in  Wisconsin,  scarcely  known  outside  of  his  own 
state.  Senator  Vilas  was  born  at  Chelsea,  Vt.,  July  9,  1840.  The 
family  removed  to  Madison,  Wis.,  in  J  851,  and  he  graduated  from  the 
Wisconsin  State  University  in  1858,  afterward  receiving  a  legal  edu- 
cation in  the  law  school  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
Civil  War  he  entered  the  Union  army  and  rapidly  rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel,  distinguishing  himself  for  bravery  in  many  engagements.  After 
the  war  he  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Wiscon- 
sin. He  v/as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1884-85,  and  it 
was  while  occupying  this  position  that  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Dem- 
ocratic National  Convention  held  in  Chicago,  and  was  made  chairman 
of  that  body.  He  was  a  revelation  to  the  leaders  of  the  party,  who 
at  once  recognized  in  him  a  bright  and  able  representative  of  that  new 
Democracy  which  the  party  orators  were  preaching  at  that  time.  As 
a  result  of  this  recognition  Colonel  Vilas  was  appointed  postmaster-gen- 
eral in  President  Cleveland's  cabinet  March  5,  1885,  and  served  until 
January  16,  1888,  when  he  became  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  remaining 
such  until  the  end  of  Cleveland's  administration.  He  received  the 
unanimous  nomination  of  the  Democratic  legislative  caucus  for  United 
States  senator  from  Wisconsin  in  January,  1891,  and  was  elected  to 
succeed  John  C.  Spooner,  Republican.  He  is  a  speaker  of  remarkable 
clearness  and  brilliancy. 


WILLIAM  FREEMAN  VILAS. 

453 


DANIEL   WOOLSEY   VOORHEES 


PW  living  men  in  America  can  point  to  a  longer  or  more  active 
political  career  than  that  which  the  "  Tall  Sycamore  of  the 
Wabash"  is  now  rounding  out  in  the  United  States  Senate.  Daniel 
W.  Voorhees  was  born  in  Butler  County,  Ohio,  September  26,  1827, 
but  was  taken  to  Indiana  in  infancy  by  his  parents.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Asbury  University  and  first  practiced  law  at  Covington,  Ind., 
where  he  was  an  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  in 
1856.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for 
Indiana,  and  in  1861  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  in  which  body  he 
served  until  February  23,  1866,  when  his  seat  was  contested  success- 
fully by  Henry  D.  Washburn.  He  again  sat  in  the  National  House 
of  Representatives  from  1869  until  1873,  and  upon  the  death  of  Oliver 
P.  Morton  was  appointed  to  fill  his  seat  in ,  the  United  States  Senate, 
serving  from  November  12,  1877,  until  1879,  when  he  was  elected  for 
a  full  term.  He  was  re-elected  in  1885  and  1891,  and  is  today  one 
of  the  leaders  in  the  Senate.  Senator  Voorhees  has  achieved  a  wide 
reputation  as  an  orator  and  legislator.  His  tall,  commanding  figure 
and  intellectual  stature  early  won  for  him  the  name  of  the  "  Tall  Syc- 
amore of  the  Wabash."  His  eloquence  in  debate  and  on  the  stump 
is  liberally  embellished  with  flashes  of  wit,  humorous  illustrations  and 
sarcastic  hits  that  always  insure  the  close  attention  of  his  audience, 
and  enable  him  to  send  his  arguments  home.  He  has  advanced  views 
on  the  silver  question  and  is  enthusiastic  in  all  he  undertakes.  He  is 
warm-hearted  and  earnest,  and  there  is  a  great  personal  magnetism 
about  the  man  which  commands  staunch  friends.  Senator  Voorhees 
resides   at   Terre   Haute,   Ind. 

454 


iM* 


DANIEL  WOOLSEY  VOORHEES. 

455 


JOHN   GRIMES   WALKER. 


T 


O   have   made   a   good   record    in  the   American   Navy   at   any   time 


the  seas,  has  been  a  distinction  for  any  man.  The  American  Navy 
has  never  lacked  its  ready  heroes,  though,  and  the  Civil  war  brought 
them  out  in  abundance.  Among  those  ranking  well  is  John  Grimes 
Walker.  He  was  born  in  Hillsborough,  N.  H.,  in  J  835.  He  gradu- 
ated at  the  United  States  Naval  Academy  in  1856  and  was  made  a 
master  in  1858.  With  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  served  for  a 
time  on  the  "Connecticut"  patroling  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  then  in 
the  "Winona,"  in  the  western  blockading  squadron.  He  was  made  a 
lieutenant-commander  in  1862,  and  had  command  of  the  "Baron  de 
Kalb"  iron  clad  operating  on  the  Mississippi  river.  He  was  in  the 
command  co-operating  with  Sherman,  was  in  both  attacks  on  Haines' 
Bluff,  in  the  Yazoo  river  expedition,  and  in  various  other  enterprises, 
including  command  of  the  naval  battery,  which  bombarded  Vicksburg 
in  the  rear,  and  was  highly  commended  by  Admiral  Porter  for  the 
part  he  took  in  various  affairs.  It  was  here,  in  fact,  that  he  showed 
the  strength  and  intelligence  that  was  in  him  and  what  sort  of  a  sen- 
sible fighting  naval  officer  he  was.  He  was  recklessly  brave  in  all 
times  of  action,  but  never  allowed  his  daring  to  affect  his  judgment  as 
to  what  was  best  to  do  at  any  moment.  He  commanded  the  steamer 
"Saco"  in  the  North  Atlantic  blockade  in  1864  and  the  "Shawmut" 
in  1865.  He  was  made  commander  in  1866,  and  for  a  time  served 
at  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis.  His  course  of  promotion  has 
been  rapid,  and  he  ranks  deservedly  among  the  sturdy  and  highly  con- 
sidered  naval   officers   of  the   world   today. 

456 


JOHN  GRIMES  WALKER. 

457 


ELIZABETH   STUART   PHELPS   WARD. 


STRIKING  originality  and  a  peculiar  aptness  for  mingling  the  seen 
and  the  unseen  ekments  in  life  have  had  much  to  do  with  mak- 
ing the  author  of  "The  Gates  Ajar"  so  popular  with  a  large  class  of 
readers.  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps  the  name  by  which  she  is  known 
to  the  world — was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  August  31,  1844.  Her 
father  was  Rev.  Austin  Phelps,  professor  of  sacred  rhetoric  in  Andover 
Theological  Seminary,  who,  in  1848,  removed  his  family  from  Boston 
to  Andover.  The  daughter  received  a  thorough  education,  and  began 
to  write  for  the  press  at  the  age  of  thirteen.  Her  mother,  Mrs.  Eliz- 
abeth Stuart  Phelps,  was  an  author  of  note,  and  after  her  death,  in 
1852,  Miss  Phelps,  who  had  been  christened  with  another  name,  took 
her  mother's  name  in  full.  Much  of  her  life  has  been  devoted  to 
benevolent  work  in  Andover,  to  the  advancement  of  women,  and  to 
temperance  and  kindred  reforms.  In  1876  she  delivered  a  course  of 
lectures  before  the  students  of  Boston  University.  Her  published  works 
include  "Ellen's  Idol,"  "Up  Hill,"  "The  Tiny  Series,"  "The  Gypsy 
Series,"  "Mercy  Gliddon's  Work,"  "I  Don't  Know  How,"  "The  Gates 
Ajar,"  "  Men,  Women,  and  Ghosts,"  "  The  Silent  Partner,"  ''  Hedged 
In/'  "  The  Story  of  Avis,"  "  My  Cousin  and  I,"  "  Old  Maid's  Para- 
dise," "Sealed  Orders,"  "Jack  the  Fisherman,"  "The  Master  of  the 
Magicians,"  and  many  others,  besides  numerous  sketches,  stories  and 
poems  for  magazines.  In  October,  1888,  she  was  married  to  Rev. 
Herbert  D.  Ward.  Her  most  popular  book  is  "The  Gates  Ajar," 
which  reached  its  twentieth  edition  within  a  year  after  its  publication. 
All  her  works  are  marked  by  elevated  spirit  and  profound  thoughtful- 
ness. 

45S 


ELIZABETH    STUART    PHELPS  WARD. 

459 


CHARLES   DUDLEY  WARNER. 


DOWERED  with  a  photographic  power  of  reproducing  what  he 
sees,  a  humor  which  plays  gently  around  whatever  topic  it 
touches,  and  a  style  distinctive  in  the  possession  of  certain  qualities  as 
irresistible  as  they  are  delightful,  Charles  Dudley  Warner  occupies  a 
high  place  in  American  literature.  He  was  born  in  Plainfield,  Mass., 
September  J  2,  1829,  and  graduated  at  Hamilton  College  in  1851.  His 
recollections  of  his  youth  are  embodied  in  that  popular  book,  "Being  a 
Boy."  While  in  college  he  contributed  to  the  "Knickerbocker"  and 
"Putnam's  Magazine,"  and  did  other  literary  work.  He  then  studied 
law,  and  practiced  in  Chicago  from  1856  to  J  860,  when  he  returned 
to  the  East,  obtained  control  of  the  "Press,"  an  evening  paper  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  consolidated  it  with  the  "Courant"  in  1867,  and  dur- 
ing the  following  two  years  gained  a  reputation  by  a  series  of  foreign 
letters  to  that  journal,  written  from  abroad.  Subsequently  he  traveled 
extensively  in  Europe,  and  upon  his  return  in  1884  became  co-editor 
of  "Harper's  Magazine."  His  most  important  work  in  connection  with 
that  monthly  was  a  series  of  papers  beginning  with  "Studies  in  the 
South,"  followed  by  "Mexican  Papers"  and  "Studies  in  the  Great 
West."  Mr.  Warner  has  written  and  lectured  much  on  educational 
and  social  science  topics.  He  was  an  ardent  Abolitionist  during  the 
anti-slavery  agitation.  His  career  as  an  author  began  in  1870,  and 
among  the  best  of  his  books  are  "My  Summer  in  a  Garden,"  with 
an  introduction  by  Henry  Ward  Beecher ;  "  Saunterings "  and  "  Back- 
Log  Studies."  He  also  published,  in  conjunction  with  Samuel  L. 
Clemens,  "The  Gilded  Age."  His  other  works  include  contributions 
to  the   magazines   on   social,   artistic   and   literary   topics. 

460 


CHARLES  DUDLEY  WARNER. 
46i 


KATHLEEN    BLAKE   WATKINS. 


CERTAINLY  no  other  woman  on  this  continent,  and  possibly  no 
man  below  the  rank  of  editor-in-chief,  exercises  so  direct  an 
influence  upon  the  prestige  and  circulation  of  a  newspaper  as  does 
Mrs.  Kathleen  Blake  Watkins,  of  the  Toronto  "Mail."  By  her  bril- 
liant work  Mrs.  Watkins  has  made  a  splendid  reputation  for  that  jour- 
nal and  for  herseE  She  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  born  in  Castle  Bla- 
keny  in  May,  1863,  and  educated  in  Dublin  and  Belgium.  She  was 
married  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1884. 
Shortly  thereafter  she  entered  upon  a  journalistic  career  in  Canada, 
where,  with  the  exception  of  extended  visits  to  the  United  States  and 
abroad,  she  has  since  resided.  A  remarkable  feature  of  her  work  is 
that  she  conducts  successfully  two  entirely  separate  and  distinct  depart- 
ments of  the  newspaper  she  represents,  being  special  traveling  corre- 
spondent and  editor  of  the  page  devoted  to  the  "Woman's  Kingdom." 
This  latter  department  is  one  of  the  most  striking  and  attractive  on 
any  Journal  in  the  world,  and  has  gained  a  large  and  steadily  growing 
constituency.  Mrs.  Watkins  has  published  a  series  of  popular  sketches 
on  "  Dickensland,"  being  the  result  of  explorations  in  every  portion  of 
London  made  famous  by  the  great  English  novelist.  Her  letters  from 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in  1893  were  remarkable  for  their 
brilliancy  and  literary  merit,  and  she  has  since  been  induced  to  issue 
in  book  form  a  resume  of  the  exposition.  Mrs.  Watkins  is  best 
known  by  her  pen-name  of  "  Kit,"  over  which  she  has  done  the  greater 
portion  of  her  work.  She  has  recently  ventured  into  the  field  of  fic- 
tion, and  there  is  no  doubt  that  should  she  turn  her  attention  to  that 
class  of  literature   her    success    would    be    great. 


KATHLEEN  BLAKE  WATKINS. 
463 


JAMES   B.   WEAVER. 


CREDIT  should  be  given  to  the  man  whose  loyalty  to  his  convic- 
tions and  devotion  to  a  theory  have  twice  prompted  him  to 
become  the  standard-bearer  of  a  small  following,  and  thus  take  upon 
himself  the  brunt  of  inevitable  defeat.  General  Weaver,  of  Iowa,  has 
made  himself  famous  as  a  leader  of  forlorn  hopes.  He  became  the 
Greenback  candidate  for  the  presidency  in  1880,  and  conducted  a  vig- 
orous campaign  against  the  two  large  parties  that  were  engaged  in  a 
struggle  for  supremacy.  In  J  892  he  accepted  the  nomination  of  the 
People's  party  and  again  made  a  brave  fight,  receiving  over  a  million 
votes  for  president.  James  B.  Weaver  was  born  in  Dayton,  Ohio, 
June  12,  1833,  and  graduated  at  the  law  school  of  the  Cincinnati  Col- 
lege in  1854.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  Union  army  during 
the  Civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  through  gallant 
conduct  in  various  engagements,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  hostilities  he 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  Iowa.  He  was  elected  district  attorney 
of  the  Second  Judicial  district  of  that  state,  and  filled  the  position  of 
revenue  assessor,  besides  that  of  editor  of  the  "Iowa  Tribune,"  issued 
at  Des  Moines.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1878,  and  again  in 
1884,  and  was  re-elected  in  1886.  General  Weaver  is  a  plain,  unas- 
suming man  of  the  people,  impatient  of  the  buncombe  and  claptrap 
employed  by  the  professional  politician,  sternly  honest  and  uncompromis- 
ing, even  though  he  may  be  mistaken,  in  his  views  on  questions  of 
national  policy,  and  too  broadly  patriotic  to  submit  to  the  restraint  of 
party  lines,  or  party  dictation.  With  him  consistency  is  almost  a  fault. 
Believing  firmly  in  the  cause  he  advocates,  General  Weaver  is  a  noble 
example  of  unswerving  devotion  to  principles. 

464 


JAMES  B.  WEAVER. 

465 


JAMES   ABBOTT   McNEILL   WHISTLER. 


TO  be  recognized  throughout  the  English-speaking  world  as  a  great 
painter,  a  brilliant  man,  intellectually,  and  one  with  the  love  for 
fight  abundantly  developed,  is  the  fortune  appertaining  to  the  famous 
American  artist  who  makes  his  home  in  London,  with  Paris  as  an 
occasional  playground.  James  Abbott  McNeill  Whistler  was  born  in 
1834,  and,  after  receiving  the  ordinary  school  education,  was  appointed 
\o  a  cadetship  in  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point. 
He  did  not  remain  in  the  army,  but,  impelled  by  his  artistic  instincts, 
studied  drawing  later  in  Paris,  and  finally  in  1863  settled  in  London. 
Since  that  time  his  career  has  been  equally  brilliant  and  eccentric.  He 
holds  decidedly  original  views  concerning  his  art,  and  it  would  proba- 
bly be  denied  of  him  as  little  as  of  any  one  in  the  world  that  he 
has  the  courage  of  his  convictions.  His  views  of  art  may  be  icono- 
clastic, but  he  at  least  believes  in  them,  and  is  as  ready  to  fight  for 
them  and  over  them  as  a  tigress  over  her  young.  The  collisions 
with  conservatives,  which  have  resulted  from  time  to  time,  have  aided 
largely  in  making  Mr.  Whistler  renowned.  His  aggressiveness  has 
partly  made  his  fame,  but  he  is  a  great  artist  that  is  admitted  every- 
where. His  experiments  with  colors  in  search  of  novel  effects  have 
produced  magnificent  results.  His  paintings  are  telling,  and  indicate  a 
daring  and  knowing  genius.  His  etching  attracted  more  attention  than 
any  other  work  of  the  class  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  in  Chicago, 
and,  as  for  his  queer  fantasies,  the  story  of  the  peacock  room  has 
gone  around  the  world.  He  is  a  remarkable  man,  undoubtedly  a 
great  artistic  genius,  and  as  undoubtedly  one  of  the  most  deUciously 
belligerent   of  human   beings. 


JAMES  ABBOTT  McNEILL  WHISTLER. 

467 


EDWARD  DOUGLAS   WHITE. 


WELL  versed  in  all  that  pertains  to  the  theory  and  practice  of 
law,  with  a  judicial  mind  and  a  valuable  experience  on  the 
supreme  bench  of  his  own  state,  Edward  Douglas  White  is  not  likely 
to  disappoint  the  expectations  of  his  friends  as  associate  justice  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court.  Mr.  White  was  born  in  Lafourche 
parish,  Louisiana,  November  3,  1845.  He  was  educated  at  Mount  St. 
Mary's,  near  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  at  the  Jesuit  College  in  New  Orleans, 
and  at  Georgetown  College,  District  of  Columbia.  During  the  Civil 
war  he  served  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  in  December,  i868,  was 
licensed  by  the  Supreme  court  of  Louisiana  to  practice  law.  He  soon 
gained  a  reputation  as  an  accomplished  lawyer  and  as  a  public  speaker 
of  much  force  and  influence.  In  1874  he  was  elected  state  senator, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  until  1878,  when  he  became  judge  of  the 
Louisiana  Supreme  court.  In  1888  he  was  elected  United  States  sen- 
ator as  a  Democrat  to  succeed  James  B.  Eustis,  taking  his  seat  the 
following  year.  President  Cleveland  appointed  him  associate  justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  February,  1894,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Hon.  Samuel  Blatchford.  Justice 
White's  legal  training  and  practice  has  been  principally  under  the  code 
of  Louisiana,  which  is  an  adaptation  of  the  French  code,  and  which 
is  derived  from  the  Roman  law  rather  than  from  the  common  law  of 
England,  which  lies  at  the  basis  of  the  law  practice  and  judicial  decis- 
ions of  all  states  except  Louisiana.  It  is  believed  that  the  business  of 
the  Supreme  court  will  be  facilitated  by  the  acquisition  of  a  judge  who 
is  also  familiar  with  the  French  and  Roman  systems  of  law.  Mr. 
White   is   a   scholar   in   more   than   the  legal   sense   of  the   word. 

468 


I« 


EDWARD  DOUGLAS  WHITE. 

469 


FRANCES   ELIZABETH   WILLARD. 


IT  is  doubtful  if  there  is  another  woman  in  the  United  States  who 
has  accomplished  more  for  the  cause  of  reform  and  education  than 
Miss  Frances  E.  Willard.  She  was  born  in  Churchville,  N.  Y.,  Sep- 
tember 28,  1839,  and  graduated  at  Northwestern  Female  College,  Evan- 
ston.  111.,  in  1859.  She  became  professor  of  natural  science  there  in 
1862,  and  was  principal  of  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary  in  1866-67. 
The  following  two  years  she  spent  in  foreign  travel  and  study.  From 
1871  to  1874  she  was  professor  of  aesthetics  in  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity and  dean  of  the  Woman's  College,  where  she  developed  her  sys- 
tem of  self-government  which  has  been  adopted  by  other  educators. 
Miss  Willard  left  her  profession  in  1874  to  identify  herself  with  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  serving  as  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  national  organization  .until  1879,  when  she  became  its  pres- 
ident. She  organized  the  Home  Protection  movement,  and  sent  an 
appeal  from,  nearly  two  hundred  thousand  people  to  the  Legislature  of 
Illinois,  asking  for  the  temperance  ballot  for  women.  On  the  death  of 
her  brother,  Oliver  A.  Willard,  in  1879,  she  succeeded  him  in  his 
position  on  the  Chicago  "Evening  Post."  In  1886  she  accepted  the 
leadership  of  the  White  Cross  movement  in  her  own  unions,  and  ob- 
tained enactments  in  many  states  for  the  protection  of  women.  In 
1888  she  was  made  president  of  the  American  branch  of  the  Interna- 
tional Council  of  Women  and  of  the  World's  Christian  Temperance 
Union.  She  visited  England  twice  in  1892,  and  was  at  the  head  of 
the  women's  committee  of  temperance  meetings  at  the  World's  Fair  in 
1893.  She  has  published  nine  volumes  in  addition  to  numerous  mag- 
azine  articles,   and   is   editor-in-chief  of   the   "Union    Signal." 

470 


FRANCES  ELIZABETH  WILLARD. 

471 


WILLIAM   COLLINS   WHITNEY. 


A  CULTIVATED  gentleman  in  politics,  a  man  with  millions  behind 
him,  a  man  with  intellect  as  well — that  is,  perhaps,  a  fair,  off- 
hand description  of  William  Collins  Whitney.  He  was  born  in  Con- 
way, Mass.,  July  15,  1841.  He  received  a  thorough  preliminary  edu- 
cation, and  graduated  from  Yale  in  1863  and  from  the  Harvard  Law 
School  in  1865.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  his  practice 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  winning  a  reputable  place  in  his  profession. 
He  became  interested  in  politics,  and  in  1871  became  identified  with  the 
Young  Men's  Democratic  Club  and  later  acquired  a  prominence  almost 
beyond  his  years  by  the  active  part  he  took  in  the  famous  fight  upon 
the  Tweed  ring.  He  was  made  inspector  of  public  schools  in  1872 
and  then  ran  as  a  candidate  for  district  attorney  under  the  auspices  of 
the  reformed  Democracy,  and  was  defeated.  He  took  part  in  the 
Tilden  campaign,  and  in  1875  was  appointed  corporation  counsel  in 
New  York.  During  Mr.  Whitney's  term  of  office  he  saved  New  York 
City  millions  of  dollars  by  his  wise  opposition  to  various  claims  brought 
by  the  ringsters  against  the  city.  He  became  a  prominent  figure  in 
the  better  group  of  New  York  City  Democracy,  and  with  the  election 
of  Mr.  Cleveland  to  the  presidency,  attained  national  prominence,  being 
made  Secretary  of  the  Navy  and  fulfilling  the  duties  of  that  most 
responsible  position  with  energy,  ability  and  tact.  He  has  not  lost 
;3ince  an  iota  of  the  eminence  he  had  attained.  He  stands  prominent 
among  the  great  men  of  his  party  when  future  contingencies  are  con- 
sidered, more  particularly  since  his  strength  is  so  great  among  the  bet- 
ter men  of  the  city  which  is  his  party's  stronghold,  where  he  is  rec- 
ognized as   a   man   of   marked   ability  and   a   politician   above   reproach. 


WILLIAM  COLLINS  WHITNEY. 
473 


ELLA   WHEELER   WILCOX. 


IN  these  days  of  verse  makers,  when  there  are  so  many  aspirants 
for  recognition  in  the  realms  of  poesy,  the  young  poet  who  gains 
the  especial  attention  and  approval  of  the  reading  public  must  be  more 
than  ordinarily  gifted.  No  poetess  of  today  has  established  herself 
more  securely  in  the  hearts  of  the  American  people  than  Mrs.  EUa 
Wheeler  Wilcox,  who  appeals  more  directly  to  the  emotions  of  her 
readers  than  almost  any  other  writer  of  verse  now  before  the  public. 
Mrs.  Wilcox  was  born  in  Johnstown  Centre,  Wis.,  and  her  home 
from  early  childhood  was  near  Madison,  the  capital  of  the  state.  At 
the  early  age  of  eight  years  she  first  displayed  her  poetical  and  literary 
talent,  and  at  fourteen  she  began  writing  for  the  newspapers.  In  a 
very  short  time  her  work  attracted  attention,  and  when  only  seventeen 
years  old  she  was  receiving  pay  for  her  verses  and  stories.  Since 
that  time  her  star  has  been  steadily  in  the  ascendant.  Her  early 
reputation  was  made  under  the  name  of  Ella  Wheeler,  which  was 
changed  in  1884  by  her  marriage  to  Robert  M.  Wilcox,  of  Meriden, 
Conn.  Since  1887  she  has  resided  in  New  York  City,  where  her 
husband  is  engaged  in  a  manufacturing  business.  Her  published  books 
now  in  print  are :  "  Poems  of  Passion,"  "  Poems  of  Pleasure,"  ''  Mau- 
rine,"  "The  Beautiful  Land  of  Nod,"  "An  Erring  Woman's  Love," 
"Men,  Women  and  Emotions,"  "How  Salvator  Won,  and  Other  Rec- 
itations," and  "The  Song  of  a  Sandwich."  Although  her  early  edu- 
cation was  only  such  as  could  be  obtained  at  the  district  school,  sup- 
plemented by  three  months  in  the  Wisconsin  State  University,  Mrs. 
Wilcox  enjoys  the  advantages  of  a  higher  education,  acquired  by  study- 
ing  the   hearts   of   the   people. 


^ 


y 


\«<^' 


IP 


ELLA  WHEELER  WILCOX. 

475 


STEPHEN   VAN   CULEN   WHITE. 


A  MOST  sagacious  financier,  whose  daring  as  a  speculator  is 
guided  by  an  intelligence  of  such  an  order  that  the  combination 
amounts  to  genius,  Stephen  V.  White  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
figures  in  the  financial  center  of  this  country.  He  was  born  in  Chat- 
ham County,  North  Carolina,  August  I,  1 83 1.  His  father,  being  a 
Quaker,  was  opposed  to  slavery,  and  after  the  famous  Nat  Turner 
insurrection  removed  with  his  family  to  Illinois,  where  he  engaged  in 
farming.  Stephen  was  at  that  time  but  six  weeks  old,  and  he  was 
reared  in  the  wilderness.  He  was  graduated  at  Knox  College  in  1854, 
studied  law  in  St.  Louis  with  B.  Gratz  Brown  and  John  A.  Kasson, 
and  after  his  admission  to  the  bar  in  1856  began  practicing  in  Des 
Moines.  He  attained  high  rank  as  a  lawyer,  but  in  1865  he  removed 
to  New  York  and  engaged  in  banking.  In  1882  he  organized  the 
now  well-known  banking  firm  of  S.  V.  White  &  Co.  As  a  banker 
Mr.  White  has  been  noted  for  his  large  and  bold  operations  in  the 
interest  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  railroad.  Indeed, 
his  operations  have  been  such  as  could  only  have  been  conducted  by 
a  man  possessed  of  phenomenal  prescience,  the  power  of  cool  calcula- 
tion and  supreme  confidence  in  his  own  convictions.  In  1891  his  firm 
failed  and  his  fortune  was  swept  away,  but  in  little  more  than  a  year 
he  had  canceled  his  obligations,  which  he  was  bound  only  by  honor 
to  pay,  and  was  again  in  his  old  place  in  the  New  York  Stock  Ex- 
change. Mr.  White  was  elected  to  Congress  from  Brooklyn  in  1886. 
He  has  long  been  a  trustee  of  Plymouth  church,  is  an  expert  astrono- 
mer, and  has  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Knox  Col- 
lege. 


STEPHEN  VAN  CULEN  WHITE. 

477 


AUGUSTA  J.   EVANS   WILSON. 


"f VriTH  a  national  reptitation  very  firmly  established,  the  author  of 
VV  "Beulah"  has  of  late  years  chosen  to  do  very  little  in  the 
field  of  literature.  It  is  not  necessary  that  she  should  do  more  than 
she  has  already  accomplished  to  fix  her  popular  status.  She  was  born 
near  Columbus,  Ga.,  in  1836.  Her  family  removed  to  Texas,  and 
afterward  to  Mobile,  Ala.,  where  in  1868  she  became  the  wife  of  L. 
M.  Wilson,  and  where  she  has  since  lived  in  a  fine  country  home. 
The  name  of  Augusta  J.  Evans  had  at  that  time  already  become 
famous.  Her  first  novel,  "Inez,  a  Tale  of  Alamo,"  was  only  moder- 
ately successful,  but  her  second  book,  published  in  1859,  achieved  a 
success  which  was  almost  instantaneous.  It  has  passed  through  many 
editions  and  is  still  one  of  the  popular  novels.  The  Civil  war  put  a 
check  to  her  literary  work,  and  for  years  there  was  a  cessation  of 
effort  in  the  field  for  which  she  was  so  well  equipped.  Her  next 
book,  "Macaria,"  was  printed  on  coarse  brown  paper,  copyrighted  by 
the  Confederate  States  of  America,  and  dedicated  to  the  brave  soldiers 
of  the  Southern  army.  It  was  printed  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  published 
by  a  bookseller  in  Richmond,  Va.,  was  seized  and  destroyed  by  federal 
officers  and  was  subsequently  reprinted  in  the  North,  meeting  with  a 
very  large  sale.  After  the  war  she  went  to  New  York  City  and 
published  her  famous  "St.  Elmo,"  which  was  most  successful.  Her 
later  works  include  "Vashti,"  "Infelice,"  and  "At  the  Mercy  of  Tibe- 
rius." She  is  wealthy,  and  has  chosen  to  live  in  retirement  of  late, 
and  her  absence  from  the  literary  field  has  been  a  source  of  regret  to 
a  great  host  of  readers,  since  there  is  none  who  fills  exactly  her  place 
in  the   broad   field   of   literature. 

478 


AUGUSTA  J.  EVANS  WILSON. 

479 


GEORGE   HARDIN   YENOWINE. 


IF  some  thoughtful,  knowing  man,  acquainted  with  all  necessary  cir- 
cumstances, were  to  consider  what  one  man  has  done  most  in  the 
last  fifteen  years  for  the  future  of  the  city  of  Milwaukee,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  he  might  say  that  the  name  he  would  select  would  be  that 
of  George  Hardin  Yenowine.  Mr.  Yenowine  was  born  near  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  September  6,  1858.  The  son  was  to  be  educated  as  a 
doctor.  The  father  engaged  on  the  Confederate  side  in  the  Civil  war, 
and  the  result  was  a  decided  disturbance  in  the  Yenowine  family  pro- 
gram, but  the  blood  was  there  still.  The  boy  had  to  stay  at  home, 
and  took  up  manfully  the  hard  work  on  an  impoverished  farm.  He 
was  full  of  ambition,  though,  had  ideas,  and  he  made  a  little  hand- 
press  while  still  on  the  farm  and  tried  to  do  printing  with  it;  then 
became  correspondent  for  the  Louisville  newspapers,  and  did  such  good 
work  on  the  country  news  that  he  finally  got  a  place  on  the  Louis- 
ville "Evening  Journal."  Then  came  the  usual  newspaper  man's  life. 
Li  1879  Mr.  Yenowine  moved  to  Milwaukee,  where  for  six  years  he 
was  city  editor  of  the  Milwaukee  "  Sentinel,"  and  then  editor  of  the 
^'Evening  Wisconsin."  He  next  founded  a  newspaper  of  his  own, 
which  is  widely  known.  He  has  been  a  factor  in  making  Milwaukee 
what  Milwaukee  is  today,  a  factor  probably  not  recognized  as  it  should 
be.  Mr.  Yenowine  has  prospered;  he  has  bought  his  old  Kentucky 
home,  which  has  become  a  summering  place  for  him.  He  is  a  very 
energetic  business  man  and  a  journalist  of  ability.  The  fact  that  he 
is  both  Northern  and  Southern  in  thought  makes  him  stronger,  makes 
him  what  he  is  in  all  his  views  and  all  his  enterprises,  a  broad  and 
forceful   American. 


i 


GEORGE  HARDIN  YENOWINE. 

48J 


ROBERT   CHARLES   WINTHROP. 


CHIEFLY  associated  in  the  popular  mind  today  as  the  favorite  ora- 
tor of  great  historical  anniversaries,  Robert  C.  Winthrop  rests 
secure  upon  his  reputation  as  a  statesman  achieved  before  the  middle 
of  the  nineteenth  century.  Mr.  Winthrop  was  born  in  Bostcn  May 
12,  1809;  graduated  at  Harvard  in  J  828,  studied  law  with  Daniel 
Webster,  and  served  as  a  Henry  Clay  Whig  in  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  from  1834  to  1840.  During  the  next  ten  years  he  was  in 
Congress,  being  Speaker  of  the  House  from  1847  to  1849,  and  distin- 
guished himself  as  a  ready  debater  and  an  accomplished  parliamentarian. 
A  series  of  impressive  speeches  on  public  questions  delivered  by  him  in 
Congress  are  still  consulted  as  authorities.  In  1850  he  was  appointed 
by  the  governor  of  Massachusetts  to  Daniel  Webster's  seat  in  the  Sen- 
ate, when  the  latter  became  Secretary  of  State.  A  year  later  he 
retired  from  active  political  life,  and  devoted  himself  to  literary,  histori- 
cal and  philanthropical  occupations.  He  was  president  of  the  Boston 
Provident  Association  for  twenty-five  years,  of  the  Massachusetts  His- 
torical Society  for  thirty  years,  and  has  held  many  other  posts  of  dig- 
nity and  usefulness.  His  "Washington  monument"  speeches  of  1848 
and  1885,  his  Boston  Centennial  address  of  1876,  his  great  Yorktown 
oration,  and  many  others  of  his  public  speeches,  are  noted  for  their 
fervid  eloquence,  patriotism  and  scholarship.  There  is  a  portrait  of 
Mr.  Winthrop  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  presented  by  the  citizens 
of  Massachusetts,  and  another  in  the  hall  of  the  Massachusetts  Histori- 
cal Society.  From  the  outset  he  has  been  at  the  head  of  George 
Peabody's  trust  for  Southern  education.  His  works  are  "Life  and  Let- 
ters  of   lohn   Winthrop"   and   "Washington,   Bowdoin   and   Franklin." 


ROBERT  CHARLES  WINTHROR 

483 


FELIX   ADLER. 


IT  is  safe  to  say  that  the  science  of  moral  philosophy  has  had  no 
more  earnest  and  careful  student  than  the  scholarly  founder  of  the 
religious  organization  known  as  the  Society  for  Ethical  Culture.  Prof. 
Felix  Adier  is  the  son  of  a  Jewish  rabbi,  and  was  born  in  Alzey, 
Germany,  August  13,  1851.  At  the  age  of  five  years  he  was  brought 
to  the  United  States,  where  he  passed  through  the  New  York  public 
school  and  Columbia  grammar  school,  and  graduated  at  Columbia  Col- 
lege in  1870.  He  then  went  abroad  to  study  at  Berlin  and  Heidel- 
berg, obtaining  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  in  1872.  Returning  to  America 
he  was  appointed  in  1874  professor  of  Oriental  languages  in  Cornell 
University,  a  post  which  he  filled  until  1876,  when  he  gave  it  up  to 
establish  in  New  York  City  the  Society  for  Ethical  Culture.  This 
religious  but  unsectarian  society,  which  is  addressed  regularly  on  Sun- 
days by  its  founder,  has  flourished  from  the  beginning,  and  celebrated 
its  eighteenth  anniversary  in  May,  1894.  Its  philanthropic  work  is 
widely  known  and  copied.  Professor  Adler  established  the  first  kinder- 
garten for  poor  children  in  America,  and  was  the  first  to  introduce  the 
district  nursing  system,  which  has  since  been  so  generally  adopted. 
Earnest  and  persistent  in  his  labor  for  tenement-house  reform,  he  did 
valuable  service  as  a  member  of  the  tenement-house  commission.  It 
was  he  who  established  the  pioneer  school  of  manual  training,  the 
Workingmen's  School  in  New  York,  where  five  hundred  children  of 
the  poor  are  educated  according  to  the  most  improved  methods.  In 
1890  he  established  the  "International  Journal  of  Ethics,"  which  is 
widely  read  at  home  and  abroad.  He  has  published  "Creed  and 
Deed,"   a   collection   of   lectures,   and   "  Moral   Education   of   Children." 

481 


» 


FELIX  ADLER. 

435 


JAMES   GORDON   BENNETT. 


BORN  to  editorial  purple,  James  Gordon  Bennett  has  at  least  shown 
that  he  has  inherited  many  of  the  qualities  of  his  famous  father 
who  gained  the  purple  for  him.  It  was  a  severe  test  of  the  stuff  in 
a  young  man  to  succeed  to  such  a  property  as  the  "New  York  Her- 
ald," to  inherit  the  income  of  a  prince  and  at  the  same  time  have 
imposed  upon  him  the  duties  of  a  worker.  Mr.  Bennett  has  demon- 
strated that  he  possesses  taste  for  each  separate  sphere;  that  he  can 
spend  as  prodigally  and  his  critics  would  say  with  just  about  the 
degree  of  reason  of  the  average  prince  has  been  made  clear  enough, 
while  he  has  not  shirked  the  duty  of  managing  his  great  property 
himself,  managing  it  arbitrarily  and  completely,  and  taking  the  good 
and  bad  consequences;  that  he  has  the  journalistic  instinct  is  assured, 
that  he  has  allowed  it  to  develop  only  in  certain  channels  is  as  well 
apparent.  Born  in  1 84 1,  and  therefore  a  man  still  comparatively 
young,  he  is  widely  known  upon  two  continents  for  his  lavish  mode 
of  life,  and  his  daring  ventures  upon  lines  never  adopted  before  and 
requiring  great  expenditures  with  results  but  a  matter  of  speculation. 
He  is  a  forceful  character.  It  was  a  bold  thing  to  send  Stanley  into 
the  heart  of  Africa  to  find  Livingstone,  and  the  enterprise  succeeded. 
It  was  as  startling  an  undertaking  to  fit  out  a  North  Pole  expedition, 
and  the  enterprise  failed.  The  European  newspaper  enterprises  of  Mr. 
Bennett  have  had  equally  varying  fortunes.  With  his  newspaper  and 
his  wealth,  he  might  have  become  an  impressive  political  factor  in  the 
United  States.  He  prefers  Paris  or  a  yacht.  He  is  a  notable  Ameri- 
can, but  he  has  not  earned  the  title  of  a  great  one.  Yet  he  has 
vigor   and   is   a   force   in   journalism. 

486 


JAMES  GORDON  BENNETT. 
487 


CALVIN   S.   BRICE. 


ALTHOUGH  a  young  man,  Calvin  S.  Brice,  lawyer,  railroad  pro- 
jector and  political  leader,  has  a  proud  record.  Though  busi- 
ness reasons  keep  him  in  New  York,  he  is  by  birth  an  Ohio  man; 
was  born  in  Denmark,  Ohio,  September  J  7,  1845.  He  is  the  son  of 
William  Kirkpatrick  Brice,  from  an  old  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania 
family,  and  a  clergyman  of  distinction  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
Elizabeth  Stewart,  of  CarroUton,  a  woman  of  fine  education  and  exem- 
plary traits  of  character.  His  education  was  carefully  looked  after  by 
his  parents  and  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  his  home  and  in 
those  of  higher  grade  in  Lima,  Ohio.  He  was  only  thirteen  years 
old  when  he  was  able  to  enter  the  preparatory  department  of  Miami 
University,  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  a  year  and  then 
entered  the  freshman  class.  He  was  expecting  to  graduate,  when  the 
call  for  troops  aroused  his  patriotism  and  though  but  fifteen  years  old 
he  relinquished  his  studies  and  enlisted  as  a  member  of  Capt.  Dodd's 
university  company,  and  in  April  took  his  first  lesson  of  military  dis- 
cipline at  Camp  Jackson,  Columbus,  and  served  with  his  regiment  dur- 
ing the  year.  Returning  to  the  university  he  resumed  his  studies, 
completed  the  regular  course,  and  was  graduated  in  J  863.  Mr.  Brice, 
after  teaching  for  awhile,  went  into  the  army  again,  reuniting  a  com- 
pany and  going  back  as  captain.  Being  firm  in  the  resolve  to  devote 
himself  to  the  law,  after  the  war  he  entered  the  law  department  of 
the  Michigan  University,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  after  being  grad- 
uated from  there.  He  has  attained  great  distinction  as  a  corporation 
lawyer,  has  been  a  leader  in  financial  circles,  and  as  United  States 
Senator   has   done   much   good   for   the   Democratic   party. 

483 


CALVIN  S.  BRJCE. 
4i? 


CUSHMAN   K.   DAVIS. 


THE  scholar  in  the  United  States  Senate  has  appeared  to  advantage 
in  the  person  of  Cushman  K.  Davis,  one  of  the  senators  from 
Minnesota.  Mr.  Davis  was  born  in  Henderson,  Jefferson  County,  N. 
Y.,  June  16,  1838.  While  he  was  but  a  child  his  parents  removed 
to  Waukesha,  Wis.,  where  he  attended  the  public  schools  and  became 
afterward  a  student  in  Carroll  College.  He  then  entered  the  Univer^ 
sity  of  Michigan  and  graduated  from  that  great  institution  in  1857, 
when  only  nineteen  years  of  age.  He  studied  law  and  began  its 
practice  in  Waukesha,  but  at  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  war  became 
a  lieutenant  in  the  Twenty-eighth  Wisconsin  regiment.  He  served 
creditably  and  was  rapidly  promoted,  becoming  assistant  adjutant-general 
on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Gorman,  but  in  1864  became  incapacitated  by 
typhoid  fever  and  was  compelled  to  leave  the  service.  In  1865,  with 
recovered  health,  he  removed  to  Minnesota  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  St.  Paul,  which  city  is  still  his  home.  A  deep  stu- 
dent and  brilliant  orator,  he  soon'  became  widely  known,  both  on  the 
political  and  lecture  platforms.  He  was  elected  to  the  Minnesota  Leg- 
islature in  1867,  and  in  1868  was  appointed  United  States  attorney 
for  Minnesota,  which  position  he  held  for  five  years.  In  1874  he 
was  elected  governor  of  the  state  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and  served 
one  term,  declining  a  renomination.  In  1875,  and  again  in  1881,  he 
was  a  candidate  for  United  States  senator,  but  in  the  then  condition 
of  Minnesota  politics  was  each  time  defeated.  In  1887  he  was  elected, 
and  in  1893  was  again  chosen  for  the  position.  He  ranks  high  in 
the  Senate,  both  as  statesman  and  as  a  man  of  extraordinary  cultiva^ 
tion   and   scholarship. 


CUSHMAN  K.  DAVIS. 
49t 


IGNATIUS  DONNELLY. 


A  STRONG,  vigorous  personality,  and  an  immense  amount  of 
energy,  arz  among  the  characteristics  of  Ignatius  Donnelly.  He 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  3,  1831,  and  was  graduated  from 
the  Central  high  school  of  that  city  in  J  849.  He  then  went  to  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  where  he  took  up  the  work  of  journalism.  In  I860  he 
was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  that  state,  was  sent  to  Congress  in 
1863,  and  made  state  senator  in  1873.  He  is  also  an  author,  and 
his  books  are  well  known  and  bear  the  stamp  of  Mr.  Donnelly's 
strong  imagination.  Among  those  most  favorably  known  are  "Caesar's 
Column,"  "Dr.  Huguet,"  and  quite  a  recent  one,  "The  Golden  Bottle." 
What  might  almost  be  called  his  life  work  is  "Cryptogram,"  a  claimed 
cipher  conveying  the  information  that  Sir  Francis  Bacon  was  the 
author  of  the  plays  attributed  to  William  Shakespeare.  This  assertion 
on  the  part  of  Mr.  Donnelly  has  of  course  provoked  much  discussion 
and  has  not  increased  the  estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by  the 
great  mass  of  thinkers;  on  the  other  hand  it  has  secured  quite  a  con- 
tingent of  those  who  take  the  Bacon  side  of  the  controversy.  It  may 
be  said  of  Mr.  Donnelly  that  he  has  at  least  the  courage  of  his 
convictions.  Mr.  Donnelly  is  an  advanced  thinker,  and  shows  indom- 
itable will  in  whatever  work  he  undertakes,  literary  or  political.  Mr. 
Donnelly  has  also  appeared  upon  the  platform  as  a  lecturer  supporting 
his  own  views,  especially  as  to  the  Bacon  cipher.  Even  those  who 
differ  from  him  on  that  question  admit  he  makes  a  very  ingenious 
argument  in  support  of  his  theory.  Mr.  Donnelly  is  very  popular  in 
his  own  state  and  has  a  large  number  of  admirers  throughout  the 
country.      His  works  are  interesting  and  are  possessed    of    much  merit 


IGNATIUS  DONNELLY. 

493 


CARDINAL  JAMES   GIBBONS. 


MODERN  history  must  include  the  names  of  great  dignitaries  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  in  the  United  States.  The  life  of  Car- 
dinal Gibbons  affords  an  example  of  what  ability  and  acumen,  supple- 
mented by  a  power  of  application  to  an  end,  firmness  of  purpose,  and 
a  fixed  regard  for  duty,  may  accomplish.  James  Gibbons  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1834.  Of  Irish  parentage,  he  was  taken  for  a 
time  to  his  father's  native  country,  and  there  began  his  first  studies 
for  the  priesthood,  to  which  he  was  destined,  returning  to  take  his 
theological  course  at  the  seminary  of  St.  Sulpice  in  Baltimore.  He 
w^as  first  assigned  to  a  small  church  in  the  suburbs  of  Baltimore,  but 
his  talents,  soon  observable,  carried  him  to  a  broader  field.  In  1868 
he  was  made  vicar  apostolic  of  North  Carolina,  with  the  rank  and 
title  of  bishop,  and  in  1886  was  recognized  as  one  fitted  for  the  hight 
est  dignity  of  the  church.  He  visited  Rome,  and  there,  in  the  mids- 
of  an  imposing  ceremonial,  received  the  red  biretta  from  the  hands  of  the 
Pope  himself.  The  selection  made  was  most  satisfactory  to  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  in  the  United  States.  The  cardinal's  hat  has  become 
its  new  bearer  well.  The  face,  thoughtful,  intelligent,  almost  ascetic 
in  its  expression,  indicates  the  character  of  the  man.  He  has  tact,  it 
may  be  great  ambitions,  but  his  great  executive  ability,  his  self-denial, 
his  modesty  and  his  attention  to  his  duty  are  the  qualities  which  endear 
him  to  the  world.  His  influence  is  widely  felt  and  his  friends  are 
not  confined  to  those  of  his  own  church,  and  more  could  scarcely  be 
said  of  any  religionist  than  that,  for  religious  antagonisms  are  gener- 
ally the  strongest  of  all.  He  represents  the  progressive  and  broad- 
minded   spirit   of   the   day. 


TAMES  GIBBONS. 

495 


JOHN   B.   GORDON. 


A  BRAVE  soldier,  loyal  to  the  South,  fighting  to  the  last  for  "The 
Lost  Cause,"  who,  when  the  war  is  ended  becomes  a  stanch 
supporter  of  the  Union,  such  a  man  is  Gen.  John  B.  Gordon.  He 
was  born  in  Upson  County,  Georgia,  February  6,  1832.  His  ances- 
tors came  from  Scotland  to  Virginia  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
were  prominent  in  the  days  of  the  colonies.  During  the  Revolutionary 
war  they  were  prominent  officers  in  the  Continental  army.  General 
Gordon  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Georgia.  After  completing 
his  law  studies  he  began  practice  with  his  brother-in-law,  L.  E.  Bleck- 
ley, afterward  chief  justice  of  Georgia.  In  1854  he  married  the  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  Hugh  Anderson  Haralson,  who  represented  Georgia  in  Con- 
gress for  many  years.  In  1861  General  Gordon  raised  and  uniformed 
a  company  of  men  for  the  Confederate  army  and  was  chosen  cap- 
tain. General  Gordon's  war  record  was  remarkable  for  bravery  and 
audacity.  At  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  in  1862,  he  was  severely 
wounded  four  times,  but  remained  on  the  field  with  his  men  until  the 
fifth  ball  struck  him  full  in  the  face  and  knocked  him  senseless.  He 
fought  with  stubborn  valor  throughout  the  war.  He  guarded  the 
retreat  from  Petersburg,  and  at  Appomattox  Court  House  was  put  at  the 
head  of  the  four  thousand  troops  that  were  intended  to  cut  through 
General  Sheridan's  line,  which  was  prevented  by  the  surrender  of  Gen- 
eral Lee.  He  was  delegate  at  large  to  the  National  Democratic  Con- 
vention in  Baltimore  in  1872;  was  elected  United  States  senator  in 
1873,  and  again  in  1879.  In  1886  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Georgia,  and  was  re-elected  in  1888.  In  1890  he  was  again  elected 
senator.       His   career   in   Congress   has   been   very   brilliant. 

496 


.  ,lglf^f&^y^^. 


JOHN  B.  GORDON. 

497 


JOEL   CHANDLER  HARRIS. 


A  DELIGHTFUL  delineator  of  Southern  life,  with  a  keen  apprecia- 
tion of  the  negro  character,  Joel  Chandler  Harris  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  authors  of  the  day.  He  was  born  December  9,  1848, 
in  the  little  village  of  Eatonton,  Ga.  Before  he  was  six  years  of  age 
he  had  learned  to  read,  and  later  he  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a  few 
terms  at  the  Eatonton  Academy.  When  he  was  twelve  years  of  age 
he  decided  to  learn  the  printer's  trade.  He  soon  found  an  opportunity 
to  do  so  in  the  office  of  a  Colonel  Turner  who  was  then  publishing 
a  v/eekly  newspaper  called  ''The  Countryman."  He  found  his  position 
a  congenial  one,  as  Colonel  Turner  allowed  him  the  use  of  his  magnifi- 
cent library.  It  was  here  that  this  country  boy  received  his  education. 
He  began  his  literary  career  by  sending  anonymous  communications  to 
"The  Countryman,"  which  were  printed.  He  afterward  threw  off  his 
disguise  and  contributed  a  number  of  essays  and  poems  which  were 
highly  praised  by  the  publisher.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  obtained 
employment  on  various  newspapers  in  Macon,  New  Orleans,  Forsyth 
and  Savannah.  In  1876  he  became  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff 
of  the  "Atlanta  Constitution."  Soon  after  Mr.  Harris  went  on  the 
"Constitution"  he  was  requested  to  furnish  some  negro  dialect 
sketches,  then  becoming  very  popular.  While  on  the  Turner  planta- 
tion he  had  often  listened  to  the  weird  folk-lore  tales  of  the  negroes, 
and  now  decided  to  reproduce  them.  In  a  few  weeks  appeared  the 
"Uncle  Remus"  sketches,  which  at  once  created  a  sensation.  His 
later  works  are:  "On  the  Plantation,"  "Daddy  Jake,"  "The  Runaway," 
"Uncle  Remus  and  His  Friends,"  "Balaam  and  His  Master,"  and 
"Little   Mr.   Thimblefinger." 

498 


JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS. 

499 


EVAN  P.   HOWELL. 


AN  eloquent  orator,  a  journalist  of  rare  ability,  and  a  patriot  whose 
heart  is  full  of  love  and  devotion  for  his  countrymen,  Evan  P. 
Howell  is  one  of  the  most  distinguished  men  of  the  South.  Captain 
Howell  is  a  native  of  Forsyth  (now  Milton)  County,  Georgia.  At 
the  age  of  twelve  years  his  father  moved  to  Atlanta.  Here  the  son 
passed  with  distinction  through  the  common  schools  of  Warsaw  and 
Atlanta,  entering  the  Georgia  Military  Institute  at  Marietta  in  1855. 
After  completing  a  two  years'  course  he  went  to  Sandersvillej  where 
he  read  law  until  the  end  of  the  year  1858,  when  he  was  enrolled 
among  the  Lumpkin  Law  School  matriculates,  at  Athens.  A  year 
later  he  began  the  practice  of  law,  which  was  interrupted  by  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  Civil  war.  He  enlisted  in  the  First  Georgia  Regiment 
as  orderly  sergeant  and  was  appointed  a  lieutenant  before  the  expiration 
of  a  month.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant,  and 
before  the  second  year  he  remodeled  the  company  and  became  its  cap- 
tain. From  service  under  General  Jackson  in  Virginia  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Western  army  in  tim.e  to  engage  in  the  struggle  at 
Chickamauga.  In  the  retreat  from  Laurel  Hill  the  sufferings  of  Cap- 
tain Howell  and  his  men  were  intense.  He  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war  and  when  the  conflict  ceased  he  returned  to  his  home  and 
began  farming,  which  he  carried  on  for  two  years.  In  1868  he 
became  city  editor  of  the  "Atlanta  Intelligencer,"  but  a  year  later  he 
renewed  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in 
1873  and  was  reelected  for  a  second  term.  In  1876  he  purchased  a 
controlling  interest  in  the  Atlanta  Constitution,  and  became  its  editor  in 
chief. 


( 


rA 


EVAN  P.  HOWELL. 
50  J 


JOSEPH   JEFFERSON. 


THERE  are  few  actors  on  the  American  stage  who  have  so  suc- 
ceeded as  Joseph  Jefferson  in  winning  not  only  admiration  but, 
in  a  degree,  the  affection  of  the  public.  The  nature  of  the  parts  in 
which  he  has  distinguished  himself,  notably  that  of  Rip  Van  Winkle, 
may  have  had  something  to  do  with  this,  but  there  is  much  in  the 
personal  character  of  the  man  himself  to  win  such  regard.  He  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  in  1829,  and  when  but  three  years  of  age  figured 
as  the  child  in  the  drama  of  "Pizarro,"  then  one  of  the  most  popular 
plays.  In  1843,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  Joseph  joined  a  com- 
pany of  strolling  players  who  made  their  way  to  Texas  and  followed 
the  United  States  army  into  Mexico.  On  his  return  to  the  Northern 
States  the  youth  was  engaged  for  minor  parts  in  various  theaters,  and 
in  1849  married  Miss  Lockyer,  an  actress.  He  continued  the  usual 
life  of  an  actor,  drifting  from  place  to  place,  and  from  1850  to  J  856 
was  employed  as  actor  and  stage  manager  in  Philadelphia,  New  York, 
Baltimore  and  Washington.  After  a  trip  to  Europe,  his  health  having 
been  affected,  he  became  stage  manager  again,  and  in  1857  became 
connected  with  Laura  Keene.  In  1858  he  made  a  pronounced  success 
as  "Asa  Trenchard"  in  "Our  American  Cousin."  In  the  early  six- 
ties he  sailed  for  Australia,  in  which  country  his  success  continued, 
and  in  1865,  after  his  return  to  this  country,  appeared,  much  against 
his  own  inclination,  as  "Rip  Van  Winkle."  Since  that  time  his  right 
to  be  counted  one  of  the  great  American  actors  has  not  been  disputed, 
and  his  reputation  has  been  fully  maintained  in  all  the  parts  he  has 
taken.  He  is  wealthy,  and,  when  in  retirement,  spends  his  time  as 
painter,   student   and   angler. 


iiigllHroiiii                                                         1 
ifil(P^P^^"'"^tfr'iililiP^ 

-\ 

^^^ 

1 

JOSEPH  JEFFERSON. 
503 


ROBERT   TODD   LINCOLN. 


INHERITING  the  name  which  his  illustrious  father  made  the  synonym 
of  wise  leadership  and  patriotic  devotion  to  his  country,  Robert  T. 
Lincoln  is  one  of  the  most  modest  and  unassuming  of  public  men. 
He  was  born  in  Springfield,  III.,  in  1844,  and  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard University.  During  the  latter  years  of  the  Civil  war  he  served 
as  a  member  of  General  Grant's  staff,  subsequently  taking  up  the 
study  of  law  at  Harvard.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867,  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago,  which  has  continued  to 
be  his  home  to  the  present  day.  In  1868  he  was  married  to  the 
daughter  of  Hon.  James  Harlan,  at  that  time  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
of  the  United  States.  As  a  lawyer  he  achieved  success,  confining  his 
practice  largely  to  the  United  States  courts  and  to  civil  suits,  leaving 
the  other  branches  of  the  work  to  his  partners.  In  1880  Mr.  Lincoln 
was  chosen  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Garfield  and  Arthur  ticket, 
and  when  President  Garfield  assumed  the  duties  of  his  office  he  invited 
the  young  man  to  a  seat  in  his  cabinet  as  Secretary  of  War.  He 
was  the  youngest  cabinet  officer  that  had  ever  served  in  that  capacity 
-up  to  that  time,  and  he  filled  the  office  with  marked  ability  for  four 
years,  being  retained  by  President  Arthur  after  Garfield's  death.  In 
J  889  President  Harrison  appointed  him  Minister  to  England,  and  he 
spent  the  next  four  years  in  London.  Returning  in  1893  he  has  since 
devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law  in  Chicago.  Mr.  Lincoln, 
though  bearing  a  name  the  most  potent  with  his  party  in  summoning 
a  sentiment  of  affection  for  its  wearer,  has  not  utilized  the  circumstance 
for  his  personal  advancement.  The  son  of  Abraham  Lincoln  is  a 
hard-working   Chicago  lawyer. 


ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN. 

505 


THOMAS  LOWRY. 


NOT  active  in  politics  or  literature,  seeking  fame  of  no  sort,  but 
working  strenuously  in  a  broad  way  for  material  ends,  because 
his  nature  will  not  admit  of  any  other  course  on  his  part,  Thomas 
Lowry  has  become  one  of  the  foremost  figures  in  the  great  Northwest. 
From  a  struggling  young  attorney  he  has  become  a  millionaire  and 
has  set  an  example  of  daring  in  new  fields,  worthy  of  imitation  by 
young  men  everywhere.  He  was  born  a  little  over  fifty  years  ago, 
one  of  the  great  brood  of  young  Illinoisans  who  saw  the  Prairie  state 
in  its  infancy  coeval  with  their  own,  and  after  the  ordinary  education 
of  a  youth  of  the  region  studied  law  at  Rushville  in  the  state  named, 
and  later  removed  to  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  to  engage  in  practice.  He 
succeeded  very  well,  but  it  was  not  as  a  lawyer  that  he  was  destined 
to  acquire  most  prominence.  He  was  one  of  the  men  who  recognized 
the  great  future  of  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  and  who  were  shrewd 
enough  to  ride  with  their  own  fortunes  on  the  wave  of  development  of 
the  twin  cities.  He  had  no  money  to  speak  of,  but  he  borrowed  it 
of  Boston  capitalists,  purchased  the  rickety  street  car  lines  of  the  two 
towns  and  began  their  steady  improvement.  He  struggled  under  a 
great  load  of  debt,  bankruptcy  often  stared  him  in  the  face,  but  his 
indomitable  pluck  and  energy,  his  personal  popularity  and  his  financier- 
ing genius  carried  him  through  eventually,  and  he  is  now  the  owner 
of  one  of  the  greatest  of  urban  transportation  systems,  as  well  as  being 
deeply  interested  in  different  railroad  companies  and  one  of  the  heaviest 
of  owners  of  real  estate  in  both  the  cities  named.  He  has  never  been 
a  candidate  for  office,  though  he  has  served  as  a  delegate  to  Repub^ 
lican  national  conventions.       He  is  a   remarkable   man. 

506 


THOMAS  LOWRY. 
507 


JOHN  TYLER  MORGAN. 


BELIEVING  implicitly  in  Democratic  principles,  Senator  Morgan  is 
one  of  the  most  consistent  representatives  of  his  party.  He  was 
born  in  Athens,  Term.,  June  20,  1824.  When  nine  years  of  age  his 
parents  removed  to  Calhoun  County,  Ala.,  and  settled  near  the  village 
of  Jacksonville.  In  early  life  he  attended  school  and  later  obtained  an 
academic  education.  He  studied  law  in  Talladega  and  commenced  its 
practice  in  1845.  He  devoted  fifteen  years  to  the  duties  of  his  profes- 
sion, acquiring  a  reputation  throughout  the  state  as  an  able  and  elo- 
quent lawyer.  In  I860  he  was  elected  presidential  elector,  and  voted 
for  Breckinridge  and  Lane.  In  J  861  he  was  a  delegate  from  Dallas 
to  the  state  convention  that  passed  the  ordinance  of  secession.  When 
the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  army  as  a  private. 
When  the  company  was  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Alabama  Regiment,  Mr. 
Morgan  was  appointed  major,  and  soon  after  became  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  regiment.  He  was  afterward  commissioned  as  colonel,  and 
returning  to  Alabama  raised  the  Fifty-first  Regiment.  In  J  863  he  was 
appointed  brigadier-gereral  by  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee,  but  refused  the  pro- 
motion in  order  to  lead  his  old  regiment,  whose  colonel  had  been  killed. 
Later  he  was  again  commissioned  brigadier-general  and  commanded  a 
division,  operating  with  Gen.  James  Longstreet  in  eastern  Tennessee, 
and  with  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnson  and  Gen.  John  B.  Hood.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Selma  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law.  In  1876  he  was  a  presidential  elector  on  the  Tilden  and  Hen- 
dricks ticket,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate.  He  was  re-elected  in  J  883  and  again  in  1889.  He  is  now 
serving   his  third   term   in   that   body. 

£08 


JOHN  T.  MORGAN. 

509 


WILLIAM  J.   NORTHEN. 


NO  man  has  done  more  to  advance  the  interests  of  Georgia  than 
William  J.  Northen.  An  able,  wise  and  trusted  leader,  he 
has  won  success  equally  as  legislator,  educator  and  governor.  Mr. 
Northen  was  born  in  Jones  County,  Ga.,  July  9,  1835.  The  greatest 
and  most  successful  part  of  his  life  has  been  identified  with  educational 
interests.  He  was  graduated  from  Mercer  University  in  1853;  began 
teaching  school  in  1854;  assisted  the  famous  instructor.  Dr.  Carlisle  P. 
Beman,  in  the  Mount  Zion  School,  from  1856  to  1858,  and  then,  on 
Dr.  Beman's  retirement,  took  control  of  the  school,  which  he  conducted 
with  great  success.  When  war  was  declared  between  the  Northern 
and  Southern  States  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  company  com- 
manded by  his  father,  who  was  nearly  seventy  years  of  age.  Imme- 
diately upon  his  return  to  Hancock  County  he  again  devoted  himself 
to  school  teaching,  continuing  in  this  work  until  1874,  when  his  health 
became  impaired  and  he  began  farming.  His  political  career  dates 
from  1867,  when  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state  Democratic 
convention,  which  was  the  first  political  body  that  assembled  in  Georgia 
after  the  war.  He  was  a  state  legislator  in  1877-78,  and  again  in 
1880-81.  He  was  state  senator  and  chairman  of  the  educational  com.- 
mittee  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1884-85,  and  governor  of  Georgia 
from  1890  to  1894.  As  a  practical  and  most  successful  farmer  he 
has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  agriculture.  He  has  held  both 
the  vice-presidency  and  the  presidency  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society. 
The  degree  of  LL.  D.  has  been  conferred  upon  him  by  Mercer  Uni- 
versity and  by  Richmond  College,  Virginia.  He  is  now  at  the  head 
of  the  Georgia  Immigration  and  Investment   Bureau. 


-^ 


,v^^       'w^ 


WILLIAM  J.  NORTHEN. 

5» 


ROBERT   EMORY  PATTISON. 


PENNSYLVANIA  has  produced  a  great  many  men  of  force  of 
character,  and  among  those  of  recent  activity  Robert  Emory  Pat- 
tison,  late  governor  of  the  state,  takes  no  mean  rank.  He  is  a  young^ 
man.  He  was  born  in  Quantico,  Md.,  in  1850,  his  father  being  a 
Methodist  clergyman,  who  was  later  sent  to  Philadelphia,  where  the 
son  attended  the  Iiigh  school,  graduated  and  became  a  law  student  in 
1869.  He  began  practice  in  1872.  In  1877  and  1880  he  was  elected 
comptroller  of  Philadelphia  and  his  fearless  administration  of  the  office 
made  the  foundation  of  his  political  fortunes.  He  was  nominated  by 
the  Democrats  for  governor  and  elected  in  1882.  Shortly  afterward  he 
sent  a  message  to  the  Legislature  recommending  a  policy  of  retrench- 
ment and  urging  the  modification  or  repeal  of  laws  which  resulted  in 
the  multiplication  of  useless  offices.  A  storm  ensued,  but  the  policy  o£ 
the  governor  was  successful.  His  term  expired  in  1886,  and  in  1887 
he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Pacific  Railway  Commission,  where 
his  sturdy  qualities  were  again  made  apparent.  Again  called  upon  by 
the  Democrats,  he  was  re-elected  governor,  and  repeated  the  forceful 
administration  of  his  first  term.  During  the  famous  Homestead  riots 
his  judicial  firmness  of  character  was  especially  manifested.  He  recog- 
nized the  fact  that  "a  public  office  is  a  public  trust,"  and  his  career 
was  a  shining  example  of  loyalty  to  principle  and  honor.  Without 
being  a  demagogue,  he  adhered  strictly  to  the  course  he  had  marked 
out  without  regard  to  political  influence  or  personal  feeling.  He  was 
succeeded  in  office  in  1895  by  the  Republican  candidate,  D.  H.  Hastings.. 
With  his  youth,  his  admitted  ability  and  his  wide  popularity  in  his 
party,  his  future,  politically,  may  be   counted  most  promising. 

512 


ROBERT  E.  PATTISON. 
5J3 


JOHN  DAVISON   ROCKEFELLER. 


POSSESSING  almost  unlimited  wealth,  which  he  dispenses  with  the 
liberality  of  a  prince  to  worthy  objects,  John  D.  Rockefeller  is 
one  of  the  most  noted  millionaires  of  the  world.  He  was  born  in 
Richford,  N.  Y.,  July  8,  1839.  In  J  853  the  family  removed  to  Cleve- 
land, Ohio.  After  completing  his  studies  at  the  high  school  Mr.  Rock- 
efeller began  his  business  career  as  clerk  in  the  commission  house  of 
Hewitt  &  Tuttle.  In  fifteen  months  he  became  cashier,  and  before  he 
was  nineteen  years  old  he  engaged  in  the  commission  business  in  part- 
nership with  Morris  B.  Clark.  By  1860  the  firm  of  Clark  &  Rocke- 
feller, with  others,  had  established  the  oil  refining  business  of  Andrew, 
Clark  &  Co.  In  1865  Messrs.  Rockefeller  &  Andrews  bought  the 
interests  of  their  associates  in  oil  refining  and  established  the  firm  of 
Rockefeller  &  Andrews.  The  firm  of  William  Rockefeller  &  Co.  was 
established  in  Cleveland,  and  a  short  time  afterward  the  partners  united 
in  founding  the  firm  of  Rockefeller  &  Co.  in  New  York,  and  two 
years  later  these  companies  were  consolidated  under  the  name  of  Rocke- 
feller, Andrews  &  Flagler.  In  1870  the  Standard  Oil  Company  was 
organized  with  a  capital  of  $1,009,000,  with  John  D.  Rockefeller  as 
president.  In  1882  the  Standard  Oil  Trust  was  formed  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $70,000,000,  which  was  afterward  increased  to  $95,000,000.  In 
1892  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  declared  the  trust  to  be  illegal,  when 
it  was  dissolved.  The  business  is  now  conducted  by  the  separate  com- 
panies, in  each  of  which  Mr.  Rockefeller  is  a  shareholder.  Notwith- 
standing his  great  wealth  Mr.  Rockefeller  is  a  man  of  simple  manners 
and  taste.  He  is  best  known  as  the  founder  of  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, to  which  he  has  given   $7,000,000. 


JOHN  D.  ROCKEFELLER. 
51$ 


CLAUDE   MATTHEWS. 


PROMINENT  in  the  politics  of  the  West  is  the  name  of  Claude 
Matthews,  governor  of  Indiana.  Recognized  as  a  man  of  marked 
ability  and  unflinching  integrity,  he  has  commanded  the  respect  of  both 
parties.  In  fact,  he  is  regarded  as  a  presidential  possibility.  Mr. 
Matthews  was  born  in  Bethel,  Ky.,  in  1845.  He  entered  Centre  Col- 
lege, whence  he  was  graduated  in  June,  1867.  In  1868  he  removed 
to  Vermillion  County,  In^.,  where  he  engaged  quite  extensively  in  grain 
and  stock  farming.  He  has  been  quite  prominent  in  the  breeding  of 
improved  live  stock.  He  organized  the  Indiana  Short  Horn  Breeders' 
Association,  and  to  him  is  due  the  formation  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  the  Breeders  of  Short  Horn  Cattle  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature  as  a 
Democrat  in  a  strong  Republican  county.  In  1880  he  was  a  strong 
candidate  before  the  convention  for  lieutenant-governor,  but  withdrew. 
In  1890  he  headed  the  Democratic  ticket  as  candidate  for  Secretary  of 
State,  and  was  elected  by  a  plurality  of  nearly  twenty  thousand.  In 
1892,  although  a  candidate  for  re-nomination  as  Secretary  of  State  he 
was  requested  to  become  a  candidate  for  governor.  He  was  elected 
by  a  plurality  of  nearly  seven  thousand.  While  governor  he  was  con- 
fronted by  many  serious  problems.  In  1893,  when  the  local  authori- 
ties were  helpless,  he  suppressed  the  Columbian  Association  at  Roby, 
organized  for  the  purpose  of  holding  prize  fights.  The  coal  miners' 
strike  of  1894  was  broken  in  a  short  time  by  his  decisive  action,  and 
the  sympathetic  strike  of  the  same  year  interfered  very  little  with  the 
running  of  trains  in  Indiana.  Governor  Matthews  lives  a  quiet  life, 
devoting   most   of   his   time   to   the   study   of   social   questions. 

5(6 


CLAUDE  MATTHEWS. 
517 


RICHARD   OLNEY. 


AN  incident  of  the  second  administration  of  President  Cleveland  was 
the  elevation  to  a  position  of  public  prominence  of  a  man  who 
was  previously  but  little  known  outside  of  his  own  state.  Secretary  of 
State  Olney  comes  from  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  honored  New 
England  families.  He  was  born  in  Oxford,  Mass.,  in  J  835,  and  gradu- 
ated from  Brown  University  with  high  honors  in  1856.  Two  years 
later  he  graduated  from  the  Harvard  Law  School,  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  with  Judge  B.  F.  Thomas,  a  descendant  of  Isaiah 
Thomas,  the  publisher  of  the  "Old  Thomas  Almanac,"  and  founder  of 
the  "Worcester  Spy."  In  1861  Richard  Olney  married  Judge  Thomas' 
daughter,  thus  uniting  two  of  the  oldest  and  most  eminent  families  of 
New  England.  For  many  years  Mr.  Olney  has  been  regarded  as 
one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  in  Massachusetts,  and  his  judgment  in  mat- 
ters of  public  and  party  policy  has  been  much  sought  after  in  recent 
years  by  the  younger  generation  of  Democrats  in  his  state.  He  has 
twice  declined  the  offer  of  a  place  on  the  supreme  bench  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  has  never  sought  office  of  any  kind,  although  in  1874  he 
represented  Roxbury  in  the  state  legislature,  and  was  a  candidate  for 
attorney-general  of  the  state  in  1876,  when  the  Democratic  party  was 
defeated.  Since  that  time  he  has  never  aspired  to  public  honors,  but 
in  1893  he  accepted  the  invitation  to  enter  President  Cleveland's  Cab- 
inet as  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Olney  is  a  man 
of  dignified  bearing,  one  who  appreciates  the  responsibilities  of  the  posi- 
tion he  occupies.  He  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  by  President 
Cleveland  upon  the  death  of  Walter  Q.  Gresham.  Judson  Harmon,  of 
Cincinnati,  was  raised  to  the  office   of  Attorney-General. 


RICHARD  OLNEY. 
519 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Abbott,  Lyman 108 

Adams,  Charles  Kendall 110 

Adams,  William  Taylor 118 

Adler,  Felix 484 

Aldrich,  Thomas  Bailey 106 

Alger,  Russell  Alexander 34 

Allen,  William  Vincent 116 

Allison,  William  B 16 

Angell,  James  Burrill 112 

Anthony,  Susan  Brownell 76 

Armour,  Philip  D 120 

Atherton,  Gertrude 242 

3ayard,  Thomas  Francis 122 

Bell,  Alexander  Graham 124 

Bellamy,  Edward 126 

Benham,  Andrew  EUicott  Kennedy 128 

Bennett,  James  Gordon 486 

Bissell,  Wilson  Shannon loO 

Blackburn,  Joseph  Clay  Styles 132 

Bland,  Richard  Parks 134 

Blewett,  Jean 136 

Boies,  Horace i^» 

Bonner,  Robert 140 

Brice,  Calvin  S 488 

Brown,  Henry  Billings 142 

Burdette,  Robert  Jones 144 

Burnett,  Frances  Hodgson 86 

Burroughs,  John 14<^ 

Burrows,  Julius  C 1''0 

Cable,  George  Washington 148 

Campbell,  James  E ...   152 

Carleton,  Will 154 

Carlisle,  John  Griffin 24 

Carnegie,   Andrew 156 

Catherwood,  Mary  Hartwell 168 

Chanler,  Amelie  Rives 160 

Chandler,  William  Eaton 162 

Clemens,  Samuel  Langhonic 72 

Cleveland,  Frances   Folsoni 14 

Cleveland,  Grover 12 

Cockran,  William   Burke 164 

CoUyer,  Robert 64 

Cook,  Joseph 160 

Cooley,  Thomas  Mclntyre 180 

Crawford,  Francis  IVIarion 170 

Crespo,  Joachim 1"6 

Crisp,  Charles  Frederick 94 

Cullom,  Shelby  M 28 

Cumraings,  Amos  Jay 172 

Dana,  Charles  Anderson 60 

Daniel,  John  Warwick 188 

Davis,  Cushman  K 490 

Davis,  George  R 178 

Davis,  Richard  Harding 168 

Dawes,  Henry  Laurens 182 

Deering,  William 58 

De  Koven,  Reginald 184 

Depew,  Chauncey  Mitchell 46 

Dickinson,  Anna  Elizabeth 186 

Dickinson,  Donald  McDonald 174 

Dickinson,  Mary  Lowe 190 

Dillaye,  Blanche 446 

Dodge,  Mary  Mapes 96 

Donnelly,  Ignatius 492 

Dow.  Neal 192 


PAGE. 

Eagle,  Mary  Kavanaugh  Oldham 194 

Edison,  Thomas  Alva 8 

Edmunds,  George  Franklin 196 

Eggleston,  Edward 198 

Eliot,  Charles  William 200 

Elkins,  Stephen  Benton 202 

Endicott,  William  Crowninshield 204 

Evarts,  William  Maxwell 206 

Farwell,  John  Villars 208 

Fawcett,  Edgar 210 

Field,  Kate 212 

Field,  Marshall 226 

Field,  Stephen  Johnson 216 

Fiske,  John 218 

Flower,  Roswell  Pettabone 220 

Foraker,  Joseph  Benson 222 

Foster,  J.  Ellen  Horton 224 

Francis,  David  Rowland 214 

Frenct.,  Alice 228 

Fuller,  Melville  W 6 

Gage,  Lyman  J 36 

Garland,  Hamlin 230 

George,  Henry 232 

Gibbons,  James 494 

Godwin,  Parke 234 

Gordon,  John  B 496 

Gorman,  Arthur  Pue 236 

Gray,  Elisha 2  !8 

Gray,  Horace 246 

Greeley,  Adolphus  Washington.  54 

Griswold,  Hattie  Tyng 244 

Grow,  Galusha  Aaron 240 

Gunter,  Archibald  Claverin- 248 

Habberton,  John 2-50 

Hale,  Edward  Everett 252 

Halstead,  Murat 254 

Hampton,  Wade 98 

Harlan,  John  Marshall 256 

Harper,  William  Rainey 2"i8 

Harris,  Joel  Chandler 498 

Harrison,  Benjamin 82 

Harte,  Francis  Bret 260 

Hawley,  Joseph  Roswell 262 

Hawthorne,  Julian 264 

Henderson,  David  Bremner 266 

Herbert,  Hilary  A 268 

Hewitt,  Abram  Stevens 270 

Higginson,  Thomas  Wentwor  li 272 

Hill,  David  Bennett 18 

Hoar,  George   Frisbie 274 

Holmes,  Mary  Jane 276 

Hooker,  Isabella  Beecher 296 

Hosmer,  Harriet  G 278 

Howard,  Bronson 100 

Howard,  Oliver  Otis 280 

Howe,  Julia  Ward 62 

Howell,  Evan  P 500 

Howells,  William  Dean 84 

Hoxie,  Vinnie  Ream 282 

Ingalls,  John  James 284 

Ireland,  John 44 

Jefferson,  Joseph 502 


INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Kemeys,  Edward 288 

Kennan,  George 290 

King,  Charles 292 

Lament,  Daniel  Scott 294 

Laurier,  Wilfrid 298 

Lawson,  Victor  F 300 

Lease,  Mary  Elizabeth 302 

Lewis,  Charles  B 304 

Lewis,  Ida 308 

Lincoln,  Robert  T 604 

Lippincott,   Sara   Jane 306 

Livermore,  Mary  Ashton  Rice 92 

Lodge,  Henry  Cabot 310 

Logan,  Mary  Simmerson  Cunningham. . .  312 

Longstreet,  James 314 

Lowry,  Thomas 506 

McCarthy,  Dalton 316 

McClure,  Alexander  Kellv 318 

McCook,  Alexander  McD 320 

McKinley,  William 26 

McVeagh,  Wayne 322 

Mackay,  John  William 324 

Matthews,  Brander 326 

Matthews,  Claude 616 

Medill,  Joseph 330 

Meredith,  William  Ralph 332 

Merritt,  Wesley 334 

Miles,  Nelson  Appleton 62 

Miller,  Annie  Jenness 80 

Miller,  Cincinnatus  Heine 336 

Mills,  Darius  Ogden 338 

Mills,  Roger  Quarles 340 

Monroe,  Harriet  Stone 342 

Morgan,  John  T 608 

Morrill,  Justin  Smith 344 

Morrison,  William  Ralls 88 

Morton,  Julius  Sterling 346 

Morton,  Levi  P 32 

Mosby,  John  Singleton 348 

Moulton,  Louise  Chandler 350 

Mowatt,  Oliver 362 

Nast,  Thomas 354 

Nelson,  Knute 356 

Northen,  William  J 510 

Oglesby,  Richard  James 358 

Olney,  Richard 618 

Page,  Thomas  Nelson ,'')6 

Palmer.  Bertha  Honor^ 328 

Palmer,  John  McAuley 366 

Palmer,  Thomas  Witherell 362 

Pattison,  Robert  E 612 

Parkhurst,  Charles  Henry 74 

Peattie,  Elia  Wilkinson 364 

Peck,  George  Washington 360 

Piatt,  Thomas  Collier 368 

Powderly,  Terence  Vincent 370 

Powell,  John  Wesley 372 

Pulitzer,  Joseph 374 

Pullman,  George  Mortimer 376 

Quay,  Matthew  Stanley 104 

Ralph,  Julian 378 

Read,  Opie 380 

Reed,  Thomas  Brackett 20 

Reid.Whitelaw 382 


Riley,  James  Whitcomb 90 

Rockefeller,  John  D 514 

Rogers,  John .' .'  386 

Rohlfs,  Anna  Katherine  Green 388 

Roosevelt,  Theodore 40 

Rosecrans,  William  Starke 390 

Russell,  William  Eustis 392 

Ryan,  Patrick  John 394 

Sage,  Russell 114 

Saltus,   Edgar '.  395 

Schotield,  John  McAllister 398 

Schurz,  Carl '     73 

Shaw,  Albert ' ' " ' .  400 

Sherman,  John 22 

Shiras,  George ..'.  402 

Sickles,  Daniel  Edgar ......[..[  404 

Simpson,  Jerry 4og 

Smith,  Francis  Hopkinson 408 

Smith,  Goldwin 416 

Smith,  Hoke 412 

Southworth,  Emma  Dorothy  Eliza  Nevitte.  414 

Spofford,  Ainsworth  Rand 410 

Spofford,  Harriet    Prescott 4I8 

Spreckels,  Claus 420 

St.  Gaudens,  Augustus 422 

St.  John,  John  Pierce 428 

Stanton,  Elizabeth  Cady ]0 

Stedman,  Edmund  Clarence 70 

Stevenson,  Adlai  Ewing 68 

Stockton,  Francis  Richard '.   426 

Stoddard,  Charles  Warren 424 

Stoddard,  Richard  Henry 430 

Stowe,  Harriet  Beecher 38 

Sutro,  Adolph  Heinrich  Joseph 432 

Sweet,  Ada  Celeste 434 

Talmage,  Thomas  DeWitt 4,36 

Tesla,  Nickola 433 

Terhune,  Mary  Virginia 440 

Thaxter,  Ceiia  Laighton 442 

Thomas,  Theodore 42 

Timby,  Theodore  Rugglcs 444 

Townsend,  George  Alfred 448 

Trowbridge,  John  Townsend '  450 

Vanderbilt,  Cornelius 66 

Vest,  George  Graham . . .  384 

Vilas,  William  Freeman '  452 

Voorhees,  Daniel  Woolsey 454 

Walker,  John  Grimes 455 

Wallace,  Lew 48 

Wanamaker,  John 50 

Ward,  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps.' .'...'.'! .'.'."  458 

Warner.  Charles  Dudley 460 

Waterloo,  Stanley ..!.102 

Watkins,  Kathleen  Blake '.". .  462 

Watterson,  Henry .'..'.     30 

Weaver,  James  B 464 

Whistler,  James  Abbott  McNeill 466 

White,  Edward  Douglas 468 

White,  Stephen  Van  Culen 476 

Whitney,  William  Collins 472 

Wilcox,  Ella  Wheeler 474 

Willard,  Frances  Elizabeth 470 

Wilson,  Augusta  J.  Evans 478 

Wilson,  William  Lyne 286 

Winthrop,  Robert  Charles .  482 

Venowine,  George  Hardin 480 


INDEX 


FOR  DAVIESS  AND  MARTIN  COUNTIES. 


Abraham,  Geo.  D 28 

Allen,  Josiah  G 4 

Axtell,  Thos.  J 18 

Axtell,  VVm.  F 7 

Boyd,  Samuel  Brown 20 

Breen,  John  N 57 

Brittain,  Stephen  H.,  M.  D 56 

Brooks,  Col.  Lewis 38 

Cannon,  Joseph 43 

Carnahan,  M.  J 50 

Carothers,  Isaac  T 52 

Chenoweth,  Samuel  A 33 

Craine,  Wm.  T 47 

Crooke,  Harry  H 21 

Cunningham,  Andrew  J 29 

Davis,  Richard  C 5 

Dosch.  John 13 

Ellis,  Samuel  J 51 

Ellis,  W.  P 12 

Fields  VVinepark 50 

Fitz-Gibbons,  John,  M.  D 26 

Freeman,  James  B 36 

Gardiner,  Hon.  Wm.  Ray i 

Garey,  David 34 

Garten,  Capt.  Zimri  V 22 

Gootee,  Thomas  N 48 

Goudy,  Elijah      23 

Gray,  Samuel  O 34 

Hacker,  Albert  C 39 

Hardy,  Hon    A.  M 25 

Harryman,  Horatio 39 

Hefron,  Hon.  David  J 6 

Hoffman,  Frederick 46 

Hoffman.  Wm.  F 10 

Houghton,  Aaron 49 

Houghton,  Hon.  Hileary  Q 45 

Houghton,  Maj    Wm 53 

Hyatt,    Elisha '  ...  25 

Jepson,  M.  H 17 

Kennedy,  Hon.  Wm.  H 27 

Kiger,  Valentine 46 

Kinnaman,  Joseph 26 

Larkin,  Patrick  B 48 

Leming,  Capt.  John  C 16 

Love,  James  B 50 

Lutes,  F.  G      15 


McCabe,  Rev.  John 29 

McCarty,  John  W 24 

McCormick,  Hiram 40 

Marley,  Alexander 44 

Marshall,  James  B 42 

Matthews,  Rev.  Joseph  P 30 

Mattingly,  Ezra 17 

Monaghan,  Daniel  S 16 

Morris,  John  T 40 

Moser,  Noah 52 

O'Brien,  James  C 57 

O'Donoghue,  Rev.  Timothy 53 

O'Neall,  Hon.  John  H 25 

Oppelt,  Edwin  A.,  M.  D 56 

Padgett,  Arnold  J.,  Sr 20 

Patterson,  Hon.  R.  Sanford 51 

Pershing,  Elijah  S 31 

Porter,  Abraham  W.,  M.  D 54 

Ramsey,  J.  W 11 

Read,  Nathan  G 14 

Reily,  Baldwin 25 

Reinhart,  John  J 49 

Routt,  Geo.  V 48 

Russell,  Robert 4 

Spink,  Thomas  F 9 

Spencer,  John  H 14 

Sanford,  William  H 27 

Scudder,  Cha;,.  P.,  M.  D 4 

Scudder,  John  A.,  M.  D 3 

Sefrit,  Frank  I 11 

Shirey,  Michael 35 

Slater,  Frank  A 8 

Smith,  James  E 49 

Steward,  Wm.  A 35 

Stiles,  O.  L 38 

Stoy,  W.  L 30 

Sullivan,  Hugh  H 8 

Taylor,  Hon.  Samuel  H 26 

Tharp,  Clinton  K 26 

Underdo wn,  Thomas  G 13 

Walker,  Thomas 48 

Wallace,  Wm.  R      53 

Wildnim,  Robert 49 

Wood,  Henry      55 

Yenne,  S.  P 31 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Hon.  Wm.  Kay  Gardiner,  of  the  law- 
firm  of  (larilintT  &  Gardiner,  of  Washiug- 
tou,  lud.,  is  widely  known  as  a  leading  and 
popular  advocate  at  the  bar  of  this  State, 
a  gentleman  of  the  highest  professional  at- 
tainments and  a  citizen  whose  record  is  tlic 
pride  and  admiration  of  his  teliow  towns- 
men. 

He  is  descended  from  two  sterling 
Rhode  Island  tamilies,  the  Gardiners  and 
the  Andrews.  His  father,  David  M  (Jar- 
diner,  and  his  maternal  grandfather,  w'cre 
vessel  masters  on  the  high  seas  for  years, 
the  latter  losing  his  life  at  the  hands  of  a 
mutinous  crew  on  board  his  own  ship. 

David  M.  Gardiner  was  born  August 
24, 1788,  and  died  March  25, 1861.  In  mid- 
dle life  he  moved  into  Central  New  York 
and  settled  on  a  farm,  and  it  was  there  our 
sabject  was  born  January  18,  1837.  His 
mother  was  Susan  Andrews,  who  died  June 
3,  1857,  leaving  thirteen  children,  seven  of 
whom  still  survive,  and  of  whom  William 
K.  is  the  youngest.  She  was  born  Febru- 
ary 4,  1796. 

His  boyhood  up  to  his  sixteenth  year, 
Mr.  (Tanlincr  spent  in  the  district  schools 
of  his  nati\r  State.  He  set  in  at  this  age 
to  learn  the  carpenter  trade,  but  gave  it  up 
to  enter  Dundee  Academy.  He  spent  some 
time  there  and  later  was  enrolled  as  a  stu- 
dent in  Starkey  Seminary.  Between  sev- 
enteen and  eighteen  he  taught  one  term  of 
school  in  the  village  of  Hopeton,  near  the 
west  shore  of  Seneca  Lake.  At  the  con- 
clusion of  that  term  he  returned  to  the 
farm  and  si)ent  the  summer,  and  in  the  fall 
came  west  to  Ohio  to  study  medicine.  He 
read  with  the  late  Dr.  S."H.  DeForest,  of 
Bournevillc,  and  took  lectures  at  the  Cin- 
cinnati and  Cleveland  medical  colleges. 
After  engaging  in  the  practice  for  a  brief 
period   and   not  being  pleased  with  it,  he 


came  to  Indiana  and  began  railroading  on 
the  B.  &  O.,  then  the  ().  &  M.,  as  a  bridge 
carpenter  in  the  fall  of  1857.  He  was  em- 
]>loyed  in  that  department  two  or  three 
Years  and  gave  this  up  also,  turning  liis 
attention  to  school  work.  He  taught  at 
Shoals,  Martin  County,  and  at  Plainville 
and  Washington,  Daviess  County,  and  while 
teaching  at  this  last  point  we  find  him 
poring  over  Blackstone  and  spending  his 
spare  hours  generally  in  the  careful  prep- 
aration for  that  profession  in  which  he  has 
for  the  past  quarter  of  a  ceutury  achieved 
both  fame  and  honors 

Mr.  (jardiner  read  law  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  late  Judge  Matthew  F.  Burke, 
and  was  alsj^  a  student  in  the  office  of  Jesse 
W.  Burton,  of  Washington,  beginning  with 
the  fall  of  1862.  During  this  time  he  tried 
a  few  cases  in  the  justice  and  circuit  courts 
and  the  common  pleas  court  of  Daviess 
County,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar 
near  the  close  of  the  above  year. 

In  the  fall  of  1863  Judge  (iardiner 
opened  a  law  office  at  Dover  Hill,  then  the 
county  seat  of  Martin  County,  but  at  the 
end  of  one  year  returned  to  Washington- 
and  opened  an  office  with  the  late  Williann 
Thompson.  February  14,1865,  he  married 
at  Loogootee,  and  soon  after  moved  there 
and  opened  a  law  office.  During  his  resi- 
dence at  Loogootee  lie  was  honored  by 
( iovernor  O.  P.  Morton  with  the  appoint- 
ment of  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  ju- 
dicial circuit  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Kno.x,  (libson,  Daviess,  I'ike,  Martin  and 
Dubois,  to  fill  a  vacancy  ;  and  subsequently, 
in  1867,  was  appointed  by  the  late  ( iov.  Con- 
rad Baker,  Judge  of  the  common  pleas  court 
to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  the  spring  of  18()!(, 
Judge  (iardiner  moved  to  Vincennes  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  the  late  Colonel 
Cyrus  M.  Allen  and  Hon.  Nathaniel  Usher, 


which  was  dissolved  in  1S72,  and  then 
Judge  Gardiner  returned  to  Washington, 
■where  he  has  since  resided. 

In  his  profession  Judge  (iardiner  is  a 
careful,  sivillful  and  able  practitioner.  He 
is  exceptionally  strong  in  his  ability  to  de- 
tect the  vulnerable  points  in  the  trial  ot  a 
case  and  is  most  liappy  in  the  application 
of  a  remedy  to  siipjily  any  defect.  He  is 
courteous  to  his  op])oneuts,  but  unyielding 
in  behalf  of  his  <'lients.  His  manner  of 
handling  a  witness  is  wonderfully  smooth, 
easy  and  variable,  and  on  cross-examination 
he  can  extort  much  evidence  from  a  wit- 
ness. His  speeches  are  pleasing,  convincing 
and  powerful.  He  has  been  associated 
with  the  best  lawyers  in  the  State  in  the 
trial  of  some  of  Indiana's  noted  cases  and 
has  shown  himself  to  be  the  peer  of  any. 
In  verification  of  this  last  reference  an  in- 
cident is  related  of  him  in  the  trial  of  the 
famous  Wise  will  case  in  Sullivan,  Ind.; 
that  applies  with  particular  force.  In  this 
case  Judge  (iardiner  had  for  his  colleagues 
Hon.  Benj.  Harrison  and  Hon.  Joseph  E. 
McDonald. 

This  case  was  tried  twice,  the  first  time 
resulting  in  a  disagreement  of  the  jury. 
It  was  suggested  by  one  of  the  jury  that  if 
the  order  of  the  atturneys  had  bcon  re- 
versed in  the  presentation  cit  the  easet<i  the 
jury  by  the  three  gentlemen  ali()\-e  named, 
-a  favorable  verdict  might  have  been  had. 
Following  out  this  suggestion  the  clients 
and  Counsels  Harrison  and  ^IcDonald  held 
a  consultation,  with  the  result  that  Judge 
Gardiner  was  given  the  place  of  honor, 
the  closing  speech  to  the  jury,  with  Harri- 
son to  open  the  case.  This  rearrangement 
had  the  effect  that  was  predicted,  for  in  the 
second  trial  of  the  case  the  jury  gave  Gar- 
diner, Harrison  and  ^[(Donald  a   verdict. 

Judge  Gardiner's  practice  has  bfen  con- 
stant in  Daviess  and  Martin  ( 'ounties,  but 
during  this  time  he  has  tried  many  import- 
ant cases  in  the  courts  of  other  parts  of 
Indiana,  and  in  Illinois  and  in  the  Federal 
courts. 

In  politics,  during  his  early  life.  Judge 
Gardiner  was  a  Democrat.  He  became  a 
Republican  in  1864  with  two  prominent 
reasons  for  the  change.  During  that  year 
— 1864 — he  was  a  candidate  for  his  party's 
nomination  to  the  office  of  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  circuit  previously  referred 
to  herein.     On  the  day  set  for  making  the 


nomination  a  committee  of  the  convention 
waited  on  Mr.  (Jardner  and  inquired  of 
him  whether  it  was  true,  as  was  reported, 
that  in  case  he  did  not  receive  the  nomina- 
tion, he  intended  accepting  a  commission 
from  the  Governor  and  enter  the  army. 
In  rejjly  Judge  Gardiner  inquired  of  the 
CDiiiniittcc  whether  the  ac>cc|>tane<>  of  such 
an  .,ifcr  From  the  (;.,vcrnor  would  dis- 
.|uality  him  ,,r  in  any  way  pnjudi.'..  his 
claims  upon  the  convention  for  a  nomina- 
tion, and,  being  informed  that  it  would,  he 
])rom]itly  declined  to  l)e  consi<lered  a  can- 
didate, and  stated  that  he  would  not  accept 
a  nomination  if  tendered  him  :  and,  further- 
more, if  the  conventi'ui  voiced  the  senti- 
ments of  the  Democratic  party  on  the 
issues  of  the  war,  he  was  then  and  there 
done  with  the  organization,  at  the  same 
time  stating  to  the  committee  that  he  had 
iKi  offer  of  a  commission  from  the  Gov- 
ernor, nor  had  he  an  understanding  with 
the  Chief  Exccaitive  of  any  cliaracter"touch- 
ino- tliat  subject. 

"F,,llowiuu-  this  incident  s,uuc  wckseame 
the  National  I  )enio.Tatic  convention  that 
n,>minated  .McCMclhin  f.r  I'resid.^nt  and 
declared  the  war  a  failure.  This  plank  in 
their  platform  was  a  further  ilisap])oint- 
nient  to  .ludge  (iardiner  and  strengthened 
anew  his  determination  to  secede  from  a 
a  party  that  seemed  pledged  to  a  disgrace- 
ful settlement  of  tlie  great  war  then  being 
carried  on  by  the  Government. 

Judge  Gardiner  has  been  active  in  poli- 
tics ever  since  the  war.  He  has  been  an 
active  partic'ipant  in  local,  district.  State 
and  National  conventions.  He  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  National  convention  of  1884. 
He  has  had  no  personal  ambition  to  gratify 
and  his  activity  has  been  on  behalf  of 
others  or  the  party  generally.  During  all 
these  years  he  has  been  a  candidate  for  but 
one  office — Representative  to  the  Legisla- 
ture in  1886 — and  this  nomination  he  was 
forced  to  accept,  and  while  the  county  went 
200  Democratic  on  the  State  ticket  he  was 
elected  by  more  than  300  votes. 

Judge  Gardiner  has  repeatedly  been  ap- 
pealed to  to  become  a  candidate  for  Circuit 
Judge  or  for  Congress,  and  has  frequently 
been  mentioned  by  the  press  as  a  suitable 
person  for  a  position  on  the  State  ticket, 
especially  during  the  late  campaign  in  con- 
nection with  the  nomination  for  Governor. 

In   his  professional  and  political  career 


Ju  dge  Gardner  lias  been  lironght  into  I'losc 
contact  witli  many  men  of  National  rcpu- 
tati(in  and  distinguished  members  of  the  bar, 
and  politicians  of  Indiana,  ( )hio  and  Illinois. 

Judge  Gardiner's  family  cdnsists  of  his 
witc  and  three  children,  thi-ee  others  having 
died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are  :  Charles 
G.,  born  at  Loogootee,  educated  in  Wash- 
ington at  the  State  University,  and  at 
Cornell  University,  of  New  York.  He  is 
a  graduate  of  the  Cincinnati  Law  Scho(d, 
and  is  a  partner  with  his  father  in  the  ])rac- 
tiee  of  law.  He  is  married  tn  ^liss  .Tene 
W.  Aikman. 

William  K.,  .Jr.,  was  born  at  i..M,gootee, 
and  passed  through  the  same  schools  as  his 
brother,  except  the  Cincinnati  Law  School. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  (iardiner  & 
(iardiner,  and  married  Miss  Helen  Corliss, 
of  Troy,  X.  Y. 

Miss  Susan  Gardiner  is  the  third  child. 

Mrs.  (iardiner  was  Laura,  the  daughter 
of  the  late  Thomas  :\I.  (iibson,  of  Loogoo- 
tee, who  was  for  many  years  a  leading 
merchant  and  prominent  citizen  of  Martin 
County.  He  was  popular  and  possessed 
sterling  and  positive  qualities.  He  was 
warm  hearted  and  affectionate,  and  both  his 
friends  and  his  enemies  always  knew  where 
to  find  him.  He  was  born  in  Mason  County, 
Ky.,  and  his  wife,  nee  Sarah  J.  McFee, 
was  born  in  Winchester,  Ya. 

Mrs.  Gardiner  inherited  all  the  sterling 
((ualities  of  brain  and  heart  possessed  by 
her  father.  She  is  a  graduate  of  the  Spring- 
field, O.,  Female  College,  and  upon  the 
ciunpletion  of  her  education  she  taught 
school  in  Shoals,  where  her  husband  had 
performed  similar  duties  oidy  a  few  years 
before. 

The  years  spent  in  ]\Iartin  County  Judge 
(iardiner  remembers  as  among  the  most 
pleasant  of  his  whole  life.  The  memory  of 
his  associates  clings  the  closer  to  him  as 
time  goes  on,  and  when  he  reflects  upon  the 
|)ast  and  recalls  the  scenes  of  his  young 
manhood  in  and  about  Loogootee  the  pain- 
ful thought  comes  to  him  that  those  scenes 
are  gone  forever. 

Judge  Gardiner  has  been  the  attorney 
fbr  the  O.  &  M.  R'y  Co.,  (the  B.  ct  O.  S. 
^\'.,)  for  twenty-four  years  ;  and  for  the  E. 
it  I.  and  E.  &  R.  R'y  Co.'s  since  their 
construction  through  Daviess  County,  but 
he  has  made  no  specialty  of  corporation 
business.     His   practice  has  been   general. 


and  has  included  everything  pertaining  to 
the  practice  of  law. 

During  the  war  Judge  Gardiner  was  a 
war  Democrat,  and  in  support  of  his  posi- 
tion he  wrote  many  articles,  under  a  nom  de 
plume,  for  publication  in  Washington 
papers.' 

John  A.  Scudder,  ]\I.  D. — The  parent- 
tree  of  the  Scudder  family  in  .Vmerica  was 
Thomas  Scudder,  who  came  from  London, 
England,  and  settled  in  Salem,  Mass.,  in 
1().'5o.  He  was  the  father  of  Thomas  Scud- 
der, who  removed  to  Huntington,  Long- 
Island,  and  became  the  father  of  Benjamin 
Scudder,  who  became  the  fiither  of  Col. 
Nathaniel  Scudder,  of  the  Rev(dution,  who 
removed  to  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  and 
wlio  graduated  from  Princeton  College  in 
17oL  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  a  regi- 
ment that  was  organized  in  Monmouth 
County,  by  the  New  Jersey  Legislature,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolutionary  war. 
He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Black  Point 
near  Shrewsbury,  October  16,  1781,  at  the 
age  of  forty-eight  years. 

Col.  Scudder  married  Isabella  Anderson, 
whose  father,  Kenneth  .Anderson,  was  also 
aciihinel  in  the  Rev(dution.  I)r.  John 
Anderson  Scudder,  son  of  Col.  Nathaniel 
Scudder,  also  participated  in  the  war  of  In- 
dependence; also  a  member  of  C'ongress 
from  New  Jersey  in  IS  10;  afterward  re- 
moved to  Mason  (  Vninty,  Kentucky,  thence 
to  Daviess  County,  Indiana.  He  was  sur- 
geon of  the  regiment  of  which  his  father 
was  colonel.  His  son,  Jacob  F.  Scudder, 
came  with  him  to  Daviess  County  ;  married' 
Matilda  Arrell,  and  became  the  father  of 
John  A.  Scudder,  the  immediate  subject  of 
this  review-.  The  Scudder  family  is  of 
Scotch  origin,  and  can  be  traced  back  to 
the  same  family  to  which  belonged  the 
Rev.  Henry  Scudder,  of  Colingborn,  Scot- 
land, whose  brother,  Thomas  Scudder,  was 
the  first  representative  of  the  family  in 
America.  Rev.  Henry  Scudder  was  a 
member  of  the  general  assembly  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland, which  framed  and  signed 
(in  1(343)  the  articles  of  confession  of  faith 
at  Westminster. 

Dr.  John  A.  Scudder,  whose  name  in- 
troduces this  sketch,  was  born  five  miles 
south  of  Washington,  Iiul.,  on  the  2nd  day 
of  November,  18."'>2.  Here  on  the  home- 
stead of  his  parents  he  grew  to  manhood. 
In  1850-.'jl  he  attended   Hanover  College, 


anil  tlieu  took  up  the  stiulv  of  mfdicine 
uuder  the  guidance  of  Dr.  S.  \X.  Peck,  of 
AVashingtou.  In  1857  he  graduated  from 
the  Miami  Medical  College  of  Cincinnati, 
and  then  located  at  Watihington,  where  he 
continued  to  reside  and  to  practice  medi- 
cine till  he  passed  to  his  final  rest;  on  the 
3rd  day  of  February,  1896.  He  rose  to 
prominence  in  the  medical  profession,  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a  member  of 
both  the  county  and  state  medical  societies. 
He  served  as  pension  examiner  for  twcntv- 
five  years ;  was  a  republican  in  politics  and 
a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
church.  February  18,  1859,  he  married 
Helen  Van  Trees,  native  of  Washington. 
and  the  following  children  are  the  issue  of 
the  marriage:  Ciiarles  P.,  Tilla  V.,  Laura 
G.,  Anna  V.,  John  A.,  deceased;  M'iliiain 
F.,  deceased;  David  A- 

Dr.  Scudder  enlisted  in  the  civil  war 
August  8,  1863,  and  served  thereatter  till 
the  close  of  the  war  as  an  assistant  surgeon 
of  the  Sixty-fifth  Indiana  Regiment.  He 
was  an  able  physician,  a  loyal  citizen,  a  lie- 
loved  husband  and  father,  and  an  I'steemcd 
friend. 

Charles  P.  Scuddek,  M.  I).,  is  a  son 
of  Dr.  John  A.  Scudder,  whose  personal 
sketch  appears  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
He  was  born  and  reared  in  Washington, 
lud.  His  birth  occurred  Xovember  8, 
1859.  He  received  a  high  school  educa- 
tion, graduating  from  the  high  schools  of 
AVashingtou  in  1870.  He  began  the  study 
of  medicine  uuder  the  guidance  of  hie  father, 
and  in  Alarch  of  1881  graduated  from  the 
Miami  Medical  College  of  Cincinnati.  Be- 
ginning the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
AA'ashington,  he  soon  rose  to  prominence  in 
the  medical  profession  of  Daviess  County, 
and  is  to-day  among  the  representative 
physicians  of  this  section  of  the  State. 

Dr.  Scudder  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  a 
Knight  of  Pythias  and  a  Knight  of  Ancient 
Essenic  Order. 

In  1895  the  Doctor  led  to  the  marriage 
altar  Miss  Louise  J.  Stamper,  of  Louisville, 
Ky.    They  have  one  child,  a  son,  Charles  P. 

Robert  Russell,  Auditor  of  Daviess 
County,  was  born  in  New  York  Citv  April 
27,  1846.  His  father,  Robert  R.  Russell, 
moved  into  Gallatin  County,  Ky.,  soon 
after  this  event,  and  there  our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated.  Robert  R.  Russell 
was  born  in  Ireland  seventy-two  years  ago. 


He  learned  the  trade  of  silversmith  and 
followed  it  all  his  life.  He  married  Cath- 
erine Cochran,  an  Irish  lady',  who  died  in 
1867,  and  was  the  mother  of  nine  children, 
four  of  whom  are  living :  Robert, 
John,  of  Pana,  111.;  Kate,  wife  of  John 
Tomey,  and  Lulu,  wife  of  AVm.  Cornett,  ot 
Omaha,  Neb. 

Robert  Russell  learned  the  carpenter's 
trade  in  his  youth  and  made  that  his  busi- 
ness till  1888,  when  he  was  elected  Trustee 
of  AA'ashington  Township,  Daviess  County, 
having  come  among  the  people  of  this 
county  in  1870.  His  service  in  this  capac- 
ity was  so  efficient  as  to  justity  the  people 
in  keeping  him  in  the  office  as  long  as  his 
services  could  be  had,  and  when  he  did 
tiiially  retire  from  it  it  was  to  enter  the 
Auditor's  office,  to  which  his  election  had 
been  effected  in  November,  1894.  His 
majority  in  this  election  was  in  the  neigh- 
liorbood  of  600,  which  is  exceptionally 
heavy  foi-a  Re])ublican  candidate.  It  is  not 
necessary  to  dwell  upon  the  efficiency  of 
his  administration — that  uoes  without  say- 
ing. The  people  have  already  discovered 
that  they  made  no  mistake  in  electing  him. 

Mr.  Russell  was  married  in  this  county 
in  1872,  November  20,  to  Mary  S.,  daughter 
of  Squire  B.  Aleredith,  one  of  the  early 
characters  of  the  county.  The  children  of 
this  union  are:  Cora,  wife  of  AA'illiam 
Botting,  of  Paducah,  Ky.;  Ella,  Harry, 
Charley,  Ruby  and  Edith." 

Air.  Russell's  first  public  service  was  as  a 
member  of  the  town  council.  He  was 
elected  to  that  body  in  1878,  and  was  con- 
sequently among  the  first  to  deal  with  the 
city's  affairs.  He  has  helped  to  bear  the 
burdens  of  his  party  as  well  as  to  share  in 
the  honors  of  office.  He  has  frequently 
been  a  delegate  to  state  conventions  and  is 
regarded  as  a  safe  counsellor  in  party  mat- 
ters. 

Air.  Russell  is  l'a>t  (inmd  Alaster  of  the 
Alasonic  Lodge  :  i-  I'a-t  1 1 i^h  Priest  of  the 
Chapter,  Past  iMuiucnt  ( 'uminander  of  the 
Commandery,  and  at  various  times  for  the 
past  fifteen  years  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Grand  Lodge. 

Hon.  Josiah  G.  Allen,  one  of  the 
youngest  and  most  prominent  members  of 
the  Daviess  County  bar,  is  a  production  of 
this  county,  in  which  he  was  born  Decem- 
ber 3,  1861.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
and  to  him  fell  the  usual  duties  of  a  farm 


kill.  His  early  scholastic  training  was  con- 
fined to  the  district  schools  of  his  neigh- 
borhood. After  completing  tiie  course  of 
study  prescribed  in  the  high  school  of 
Washington,  Mr.  Allen  then  became  a 
country  school  teacher,  and  for  four  years 
numbered  among  the  best  teachers  of  Da- 
viess County.  Meanwhile  he  studied  law, 
and  in  1885  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  The 
following  year  Mr.  Allen  and  Mr.  M.  S. 
Hastings  became  partners  in  tiie  practice 
of  law,  and  they  have  remained  associated 
in  the  practice  of  their  profession,  and 
gained  a  large  and  representative  clientage. 

From  an  early  date  Mr.  Allen  has  been 
active  in  political  circles  as  a  Re])ublican. 
In  1892  'he  became  the  candidate  of  liis 
party  for  the  office  of  ( Viuiity  Ui|irc>iiita- 
tive  in  the  House  of  l\e]in'sciitati\cs  of 
Indiana.  He  was  a  successful  candidate, 
and  such  was  his  services  as  to  merit  a  re- 
election in  1804.  Upon  the  organization 
of  the  lowcF  house  of  the  Legislature  in  tlie 
session  of  18!)5,  Mr.  Allen  was  a  proniincnt 
candidate  for  Speaker  of  the  House,  Init 
before  the  contest  for  the  honors  of  this  po- 
sition was  concluded,  he  withdrew  and  gave 
his  support  to  another  candidate,  who  was 
elected.  As  a  just  ap])reciation  of  his  abil- 
ity us  a  legislator,  Mr.  Allen  was  made 
chairman  of  the  important  committee  of 
wavs  and  means  during  that  session.  In 
1896  he  was  renominated  by  his  party  for 
a  tliird  term,  but  went  down  with  his  party 
ill  its  defeat  of  that  year. 

In  the  year  1888  Mr.  Allen  led  to  the 
marriage  altar  JNIiss  Sallie  A.Wright.  Unto 
them  have  been  born  three  ciiildren. 

Both  Mr.  Allen  and  his  wife  are  com- 
municants in  the  Baptist  Church,  and  they 
tire  prominent  in  social  circles. 

Fraternally  he  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  order,  belongs  to 
the  uniform  rank  of  that  fraternity,  and  for 
tlu'  past  four  years  has  been  captain  of  the 
uniform  rank. 

Xotwith-standing  the  many  obstacles  that 
have  appeared  in  5lr.  Allen's  course  of  life, 
he  has  by  means  of  perseverance  and  sn- 
])erior  ability  surmounted  them,  and  has 
achieved  success.  His  success  in  life  has 
been  due  to  his  individual  effort,  and  hence 
he  is  what  is  often  termed  a  self-made  man. 

Richard  C.  Davi.s,  of  Washington,  is 
connected  with  one  of  the  strongest 
financial  institutions  in   the   Second   Con- 


gressional District  as  cashier,  and  has 
demonstrated  beyond  question  that  no  bank 
in  Southern  Indiana  has  a  more  competent 
official.  By  nature  and  long  training  he 
has  acquired  those  qualities  always  discov- 
ei-ed  in  a  genial,  careful,  shrewd  and  ac- 
commodating official.  After  completing 
his  education  he  began  that  preparation, 
under  the  guidance  and  direction  of  a  suc- 
cessful father,  that  has  rendered  him  capa- 
ble of  filling  the  most  responsible  position 
in  any  institution  with  which  he  shall  be- 
come connected.  He  is  regarded  by  those 
best  acquainted  with  his  record  as  a 
financier  as  especially  gifted  with  the  ability 
to  distinguish  between  wildcat  schemes  and 
legitimate  business,  and  is  an  ever  present 
barrier  in  the  protection  of  his  institution 
from  promoters  of  such  schemes. 

Mr.  Davis  is  in  direct  sympathy  with  the 
interests  of  his  adopted  city,  and  his  time, 
energy  and  capital  have  been  devoted  to 
the  promotion  of  whatever  would  benefit  it. 
He  is  progressive  and  public  spirited  and 
stands  the  peer  of  any  in  the  estimation  of 
the  public. 

Davis  is  an  historic  and  honored  name 
in  this  county.  It  stands  proverbial  for 
intelligence,  honor  and  independence. 
Till  y  inhabit  every  state  and  territory  and 
contribute  their  just  portion  to  society  and 
government.  This  branch  of  the  family 
settled  in  Owen  County,  Ky.,  in  the  fore- 
part of  this  century.  James  Davis,  our 
subject's  paternal  grandfather,  was  a  farmer 
and  died  in  the  above  county.  His  sou, 
our  subject's  father,  was  born  on  a  farm  in 
1735.  He  made  a  success  of  his  farming 
venture,  and  in  later  life  engaged  in  bank- 
ing in  Owenton.  He  was  president  of  the 
Farmers'  National  Bank  of  that  city  till 
his  death  in  1894.  He  married  Lucinda 
Oliver,  who  died  in  1872,  leaving  Richard 
C,  John  O  ,  cashier  of  the  Pike  County 
State  Bank,  at  Petersburg,  and  ]\Irs.  Birdie 
Stamper,  of  Owenton.  Mr.  Davis'  second 
wife  was  Mollie  Scott,  whose  two  children 
are  Harry  and  Mary,  both  of  Owenton. 

R.  C.  Davis  was  educated  in  the  city 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  upon  the 
completion  of  the  same  entered  his  tiither's 
bank  as  clerk  and  in  due  time  was  ])ro- 
motcd  to  assistant  cashier,  l^pon  the  or- 
ganization of  the  People's  National  Rank 
of  Wasliiiigtou,  eight  years  ago,  he  was 
made  its  casliier. 


Mr.  Davis  was  married  in  this  coiiuty 
November  12,  1890,  to  Auuie,  a  tlaughter 
of  the  late  Dr.  John  A.  Scudder.  The 
children  of  this  union  are  Scudder  and 
Richard  C,  Jr. 

Mr.  Davis  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  but 
is  in  no  sense  a  politician.  He  is  a  Knight 
of  the  Ancient  Elssenic  Order,  and  as  a  citi- 
zen holds  high  rank. 

Hon.  David  J.  Hefeon. — In  recording 
the  events  that  have  transpired  to  mark  the 
rise  of  a  citizen  in  j)ul)lic  life,  it  is  import- 
ant that  the  narrator  should  inform  him- 
self fully,  from  competent  and  unprejudiced 
sources,  and  gather  those  facts  which  will 
enable  the  reader  to  form  a  just  conception 
of  the  individual.  This  method  has  been 
adhered  to  in  the  compilation  of  this  brief 
biography  of  Judge  David  J.  Hefron. 

Judge  Hefron  was  born  of  Irish  parents 
in  Jennings  County,  lud.,  February  17, 
1842.  His  father  was  the  late  Lawrence 
Hefron,  of  County  Mayo  birth,  who  came 
to  America  in  1831,  disembarked  at  Mon- 
treal, Canada;  took  up  his  residence  in 
Erie,  Pa.,  and  three  years  later  came  to 
Jennings  County,  Ind.  He  married  Bridget 
Dickson  in  the  old  country,  and  with  his 
family  of  small  eiiildren  he  settled  upon  a 
farm  in  Barr  Township,  Daviess  County, 
in  1843.  He  died  there  in  1851,  at  theage 
of  fiifty-one  years.  His  widow  still  sur- 
vives and  is  spending  her  remaining  days 
(for  she  is  past  ninety-three)  with  her  hon- 
ored son.  Her  children  were  :  Stephen  ; 
Catherine,  wife  of  James  M.  Graves  ;  John, 
deceased;  David  J.,  and  Lawrence,  de- 
ceased. 

Judge  Hefron  remained  upon  the  farm 
till  he  was  twenty-five  years  of  age,  having 
up  to  that  time  had  access,  as  a  student,  to 
the  schools  of  his  district  and  to  the  high 
school  at  Mitchell.  He  became  able  to 
teach  in  time,  and  the  funds  earned  at  this 
occupation  and  at  farming  when  not  other- 
wise employed  aided  him  very  materially 
in  defraying  his  exj^enses  in  securing  a 
higher  education  and  equipping  himself 
generall)'  for  the  profession  for  which  he  is 
so  eminently  adapted.  He  was  a  student 
in  the  state  university  of  Indiana  in 
1866-67,  and  again  in  1868-69,  and  during 
that  winter  attended  the  law  department 
of  that  institution.  Upon  his  return  to 
Washington  he  entered  the  law  office  of 
Hon.  John  H.  O'Neall  and  was  admitted 


to  the  liar  the  next  year  before  Judge 
Malott.  The  same  year  a  partnership  was 
entered  into  between  himself  and  his 
worthy  tutor  for  the  practice  of  law,  thus 
bringing  into  existence  a  firm  which  be- 
came a  power  in  the  court  practice  to  this 
circuit. 

As  a  lawyer  Judge  Hefron  was  careful, 
painstaking  and  successful.  He  possessed 
many  of  the  powers  of  an  advocate.  His 
arguments  were  both  pleasing  and  convinc- 
ing, and  while  he  was  conspicuous  in  his 
sphere  as  a  practitioner,  it  was  after  his  ap- 
pointment to  the  bench  that  he  develojted 
the  high  qualities  of  a  prompt,  learned, 
courageous  and  just  jurist.  He  possesses, 
in  a  marked  degree,  the  quality  of  correctly 
judging  facts  as  they  come  from  witnesses. 
He  is  a  speedy  trial  judge,  never  having  to 
suspend  court  to  consult  some  authority  to 
sustain  some  notion  that  he  may  have  about 
this  or  that  thing  as  we  frequently  find 
judges  doing;  on  the  contrary,  he  has  his 
decision  ready  the  moment  a  point  is  sub- 
mitted to  him.  While  discussing  this 
point  it  was  remarked  by  Judge  (iardiner 
that  he  would  rather  practice  law  in  the 
court  of  Judge  Hefron  than  in  the  court  of 
any  other  judge  he  ever  knew. 

The  partnership  between  O'Neall  &  Hef- 
ron existed,  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
interval,  from  its  inception  down  to  1885, 
when  the  Forty-ninth  Judicial  Circuit  was 
created  by  the  Legislature,  comprising 
Martin  and  Daviess  Counties,  and  Gov. 
Gray  appointed  Judge  Hefron  to  preside 
over  it. 

In  1871  the  town  of  Washington  became 
a  city,  and  Judge  Hefron  was  elected  its 
first  Mayor.  He  was  re-elected  in  1873, 
and  while  in  this  office  displayed  executive 
ability  and  accurate  judgment  in  a  marked 
degree. 

During  his  political  career  Judge  Hefron 
was  an  able  and  faithful  expounder  of  the 
tenets  of  Democracy,  and  for  this  reason 
he  was  the  party  nominee  for  the  State 
Senate  in  1876,  was  elected  and  served  out 
the  unexpired  term  of  Hon.  Andrew  Hum- 
phries, who  had  been  elected  to  Congress. 
In  1878  he  was  elected  to  succeed  himself 
in  the  Senate  for  a  term  of  four  years.  He 
was  regarded  as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Democracy.  He  was  conspicuous  in  his 
opposition  to  the  proposed  amendment  to 
the  State  constitution  providing  for  woman's 


HON".  DAVID  J.  HEFUON. 


suffrage,  ami  in  tlic  i'oni>russional  appor- 
tionmeut  wliieh  was  arranged  by  that  Lug- 
islature  he  was  a  prominent  factor. 

On  September  10,  1873,  Judge  Hefron 
married  Florence  H.  Barton,  daughter  of 
Dr.  (i.  G.  Barton,  and  Ann  (Mur]ihy)  Bar- 
ton, the  former  born  in  Xew  York,  and  the 
latter  was  of  Irish  birth. 

Mrs.  Hefron  was  born  in  Washington, 
Ind.,  in  the  year  1S47,  and  was  educated 
at  St.  Mary's  Institute.  Slie  was  a  faith- 
ful and  affectionate  wife,  a  true  woman  and 
the  light  and  jov  ot  her  iuisl)and's  house- 
hold till  December  18,  1884,  wlien  death 
claimed  iier.  She  was  an  exemplary 
Christian  lady,  a  devout  member  of  St. 
Marv's  Church  and  an  ideal  mother  and 
companion.  Her  loss  was  not  only  irre- 
parable to  her  family,  but  was  one  keenly 
teit  by  the  church  and  society. 

Mrs.  Hefron  was  the  mother  of  three 
daughters  and  a  sou,  viz.:  Josephine  M., 
Anna  B.,  Helen  A.  and  John  D.  The 
daughters  Josie  and  Anna  were  at  St. 
Mary's  College,  Terre  Haute,  until  their 
graduation,  and  Helen  is  a  student  tliere 
now. 

In  convcrsatiiui  \\ith  a  gentleman  who 
has  been  intimatelv  ac.iuaiuted  with  Judge 
Hetron  for  many' years,  lie  made  tlie  fol- 
lowing observations  :  "During  Judge  Hef- 
ron's  service  as  Circuit  Judge  he  has  been 
noted  for  his  ability  and  especial  ijdapta- 
l)iiity  to  the  discharge  of  his  judicial  func- 
tions. He  has  kept  the  court  docket  cleaner 
than  any  of  his  predecessors  on  the  Daviess 
or  Martin  County  benches,  and  has  suc- 
ceeded in  retaining  the  respect  of  all  classes 
of  people  beyoud  that  which  was  ordinarily 
enjoyed.  His  speech  in  one  of  the  last 
cases  he  ever  tried,  as  counsel  for  a  Daviess 
County  farmer  against  a  Baltimore  com- 
mission firm,  was  the  prettiest  thing  I  ever 
listened  to.  As  a  speech  maker  the  Judge 
is  a  pronounced  success.  He  is  ready,  quiet 
and  graceful, and  acjuits  himself  with  oreat 
credit. 

"As  a  citizen  Judge  Hefron  stands  the 
peer  of  any  man.  He  enjoys  the  universal 
respect  of  his  fellows.  The  best  evidence 
of  his  popularity  in  his  district  is  the  fact 
of  his  election  to  the  bench  in  188()  and 
again  in  1892,  being  elected  the  last  time 
without  opposition." 

William  F.  Axtell,  superintendent  of 
the    schools    of  Washington,   a    successful 


and  progressive  educator  and  a  highly 
esteemed  citizen  of  this  city,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Ind.,  December  28,  1855. 
He  is  a  son  of  Dr.  A.  J.  A.xtell,  of 
Bloomington,  Ind.,  late  Captain  of  Com- 
pany A,  Ninety-seventh  Indiana  Volun- 
teer Infantry.  The  latter  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  sixty-nine  years  ago,  and 
with  his  father,  Thomas  Axtell,  emigrated 
to  Zamsville,  O.  He  is  a  literary  and 
medical  graduate  and  has  devoted  his  life 
to  his  profession.  He  resided  in  Greene 
County  till  1872,  when  he  established  him- 
self in  Bloomington.  He  married  Susan 
Gilkerson,  and  Prof.  Axtell  is  the  second 
of  their  six  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living. 

Our  subject  entered  the  Bloomington 
high  school  upon  the  removal  of  his  father 
to  that  city,  and  afterward  entered  the 
preparatory  department  of  Indiana  State 
University,  in  which  institution  he  com- 
pleted a  classical  course,  and  received  a 
diploma  in  1880.  He  began  at  once  the 
study  of  medicine  and  pharmacy.  He  en- 
gagt'd  in  the  drug  business  and  continued 
it  till  his  election  to  the  office  of  County 
Superintendent  of  Monroe  County  in  1884. 
Upon  his  retireuicnt  from  that  office  he  was 
ottered  the  principalship  of  the  Washing- 
ton high  school,  accepted,  and  entered  u])ou 
his  duties  in  September,  1885.  He  served 
the  people  of  Washington  in  that  capacity 
faithfully  and  efficiently  for  nine  successive 
years,  and  when  Superintendent  Hoffman 
retired  Prof.  Axtell  was  promoted  to  the 
vacancy.  He  is  now  completing  his  third 
year  in  this  position  and  has  maintained  the 
same  high  standing  that  the  schools  of 
Washington  have  occupied  for  years. 

]Mr.  Axtell  is  a  leader  in  educational 
work  in  this  State ;  is  well-known  to 
teachers  of  Southern  Indiana,  being  a 
member  of  their  Association,  as  well  as  the 
Association  of  Indiana  State  Teachers.  He 
is  an  active  member  of  the  Association  of 
Superintendents  of  Schools  of  Indiana,  an 
organization  fi)r  the  exchange  of  views  and 
suggestions  to  the  end  that  the  schools  of 
the  State  may  attain  to  the  highest  degree 
of  excellence. 

October  18,  1883,  Prof  Axtell  married 
Miss  Kate  Bollenbacher,  daughter  of  (ieorge 
and  Margaret  (Shaver)  Bollenbacher.  The 
children  of  this  union  are:  .Josephine  L. 
and  William. 


The  schools  of  Washington  are  "  iu  com- 
missiou,"  have  an  enrollment  of  1,600, 
housed  in  four  modern  and  well  equipped 
buildings,  are  operated  by  a  corps  of 
twenty-nine  teachers  and  have  graduated 
250  pupils.  The  high  school  has  one  of 
the  finest  chemical  and  physical  laboratories 
in  the  State  and  sustains  a  circulating 
library. 

Frank  A.  Si^ater,  general  foreman  of 
the  car  construction  and  repair  shops  of  the 
B.&  O.  8.  W.  Ry.  at  Washington,  was  born 
in  the  province  of  Prussia  September  20, 
1837.  His  father  was  Cliarles  Schlieder, 
which  has  become  Americanized  into 
Slater,  and  his  mother,  Caroline  Schaner, 
were  working  people  who  came  to  the 
United  States  to  seek  opportunity  and  free- 
dom. The  father  and  his  two  young  sons, 
one  of  whom  was  our  subject,  reach<'d  this 
country  first  in  l.S4(i,  landing  at  New  York 
on  the  hitter's  hirtlidav  anniversary.  'I'hey 
established  themselves  at.  C'roghan,  tiuit 
state,  and  were  variously  employed  tiie 
following  four  years.  In  1850  the  father, 
with  his  son  Frank,  returned  to  the  father- 
land for  ths  purpose  of,  in  time,  bringing 
the  remainder  of  the  family  to  their  new 
home.  AVhile  there  Frank  was  apprenticed 
to  a  cabinet  maker  for  a  period  of  three 
years,  or  so  much  of  that  time  as  he  desired 
to  remain  in  Prussia;  but  having  to  work 
fifteen  hours  a  day  besides  having  to  pay 
an  apprenticeship  fee  of  $40.00,  he  chose 
to  return  to  the  United  States  before  his 
eighteenth  birthday,  and  iu  1854  left  Prus- 
sia after  having  served  two  of  his  three 
years.  The  remainder  of  the  family  fol- 
lowed later  in  the  year  and  took  up  their 
residence  at  ('roghan,  now  Xaumburg, 
jS'ew  York. 

While  serving  his  German  nuister  Mr. 
Slater's  sole  desire  was  to  become  an  ef- 
ficient workman  and  to  master  a  trade  with 
which  he  could  earn  a  livlihood  and  a  rv\n\- 
tation  as  a  mechanic.  His  ambit  ion  was 
not  entirely  crushed  by  the  severity  of  his 
first  apprenticeship,  and  ujjou  his  returu  to 
New  York  he  engaged  himself  to  a  mas- 
ter at  Watertown  to  finish  his  trade,  and 
for  the  first  year  he  received  $40.00,  second 
year  foO.OO"  and  third  year  |70.00,  with 
board  and  washing,  a  very  scant  allowance, 
it  will  seem,  to  one  of  whom  much  is  re- 
quired. 

In  1858  Mr.  Slater    engaged    in    chair- 


nuiking  in  Oswego,  X.  Y.,  and  was  so  em- 
ployed till  October,  1861,  when  he  went  to 
Toronto,  Canada,  where  he  was  similarly 
employed  till  the  2nd  of  the  following  July, 
when  he  went  to  Syracu.se,  N.  Y.,  a  sick 
man  from  overwork.  He  ■tt'as  not  able  to 
resume  work  till  some  time  the  next  year, 
when  he  entered  the  employ  of  D.  L.  Frv 
&Co.,  piano-forte  mak.-rs." 

He  remained  with  this  eompanv  till  1865, 
when  hr  earn.'  t..  the  O.  c^:  M.  Ry.  Co.  and 
entered  their  shops  at  Cochran,  Ind.,  as  a 
cal)inet  maker.  In  ISTOhe  was  promoted 
to  !)('  forenuin  ot  his  shop.  The  next  vear 
he  had  the  duties  of  draftsniaii  added  to 
that  of  foreman,  and  forH\r  years  lie  pored 
over  his  table  and  developed  into  a  fine 
draftsman,  whereas  in  the  beginning  he 
knew  not  the  primary  principles  of  draw- 
ing. In  1876  he  was  appointed  general 
foreman,  and  on  August  10,  1889,  was 
added  the  duties  of  master  car  builder. 

Mr.  Slater  .started  in  life  with  a  limited 
education.  His  parents  were  people  with 
small  mean.^.nnd  the  labor  of  thi'ir  sons  was 
need,, I  to  al,l  in  snstainiii-  tli,^  Innne.  The 
tinii'  s,'le,'te,l  t,)  send  the  bovs  U>  school  was 
when  the  weather  was  too  bad  to  work, 
and  in  consequence  not  more  than  eight 
weeks  in  the  year  were  spent  within  the 
walls  of  a  .school  house.  Mr.  Slater  has 
felt  the  loss  of  these  opportunities  all 
through  life,  and  it  has  made  the  road  to 
success  a  very  rough  and  thorny  one  for 
him. 

The  Slater  family  contains  now  Gottlob, 
a  brother  at  Sheboygan,  Wis.;  Charles,  a 
brother  at  Naumburg,  N.  Y.,  and  Mrs. 
Theresa  Riehter,  a  si.ster,  at  (irand  Junc- 
tion, la. 

Frank  A.  Slater  was  married  at  Oswego, 
X.  Y.,  Man-h  :J7,  IS.lii,  to  Mary  Cowan. 
Their  two  siir\i\ini;' children  are:  Charles 
v.,  a  machinist,  an,l  Caroline,  the  wife  of 
.1.  S.  McC.mnell,  forenuui  of  the  mill  room 
at  the  I',.  .^-  ().  .-ho]..*. 

Mr.  Slater  is  a  high  Mason,  being  a 
mendier  of  thi'  blue  lodge,  chapter,  council, 
commandery  and  Scottish  Rite,  Ind.  Con- 
sistory. 

Hu(;h  H.  Sulmvan,  one  of  the  veteran 
locomotive  eugiueers  of  the  B.  &  O.  S.  W. 
R'y  has  spent  almost  an  average  lifetime  in 
the  service  of  this  railroad  company,  and 
is  a  brave,  competent  and  trusted  employee. 
His  career  as  a   railroad   man   began  with 


the  New  Albany  and  'Salem  R'y  Co.,  now 
a  part  of  tlie  Monon  system,  in  1853,  as  a 
freight  brai<iiii;iii  cm  iis  southern  division. 
He  served  in  iliis  caiiacity  three  years  and 
entered  the  1 lotivc  department  as  fire- 
man on  tlic  (lid  '■  Bloomington  "  with  engi- 
neer Elilward  (iregory,  in  whtch  position  he 
was  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war. 

He  enlisted  at  once  in  Company  K, 
Fourteenth  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry, 
was  mustered  in  at  Terre  Haute  and  taken 
to  West  Virginia,  where  his  Cdmmand  be- 
came a  part  of  the  Armv  of  the  Potomac, 
Sumner's  Division  .if  the  Sec.iiid  Ciirps. 

July  11,  after  his  enlistnicnf ,  liis  regi- 
ment was  initiated  into  the  realities  (if  war 
by  Cduiing  iiitd  contact  with  the  Kelicls  at 
Rich  .Mduiitain.  Fniiii  tliis  du  Mr.  Sulli- 
van saw  hard  service  and  participated  in 
many  of  the  lildddicst  battles  (if  the  war, 
among  them  bei Hi;  Ibill  Run,  Kil|iatrick's 
Raid  on  Riclmidnd,  (Jreen  Briar,  Sdutli 
Mountain, Frederickslmru-,(;liancelldrsville, 
Cedar  Mduntain,  Raecddn  Fdrd,  Malvern 
Hill,  .\ntietain  and  ( b'ttvsluiri;-.  Other 
lesser  engagements  were  had  hite'r  and  be- 
fore his  time  df  enlistment  expired,  but  the 
lueutidU  (if  the  firegdiug  is  sidlicient  to 
indicate  the  service  he  rendered  to  the 
Union. 

Having  served  his  three  years,  Mr.  Sul- 
livan took  up  the  duties  of  a  civilian  where 
he  left  off,  as  a  locomotive  engineer,  but  on 
tlie  L.  it  X.  R'y.  He  remained  with  this 
railway  till  the 'latter  part  (if  the  60's,  when 
he  went  out  onto  the  "(ireat  American 
Desert,"  and  put  in  several  months  in  the 
employ  of  the  company  then  constructing 
the  Union  Pacific  R'y,  helping  to  build  that 
road  through  Nebraska,  Wyoming  and 
down  Weber  Canon  to  Ogdeu,  Utah.  Soon 
after  his  return  to  the  East  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  old  O.  &  M.  R'y  Co.,  passing 
to  its  succe.s.sor,  and  is  now  nearing  the 
completion  of  his  twenty-eighth  year  with 
them.  Xiueteen  years  of  this  time  he  has 
been  "  running  passenger  "  on  the  east  end, 
and  in  1889  lie  took  up  his  residence  in 
Wasliington. 

Mr.  Sullivan  is  a  veritable  "Grand-Pap" 
in  the  service, and  so  he  is  familiarly  called 
by  his  associates.  Raih'oading  was  in  its 
real  infancy  when  he  .set  his  first  brake.  It 
has  kept  pace  in  improvement  with  other 
public  carriers  and  seems  now  td  be  ap- 
proaching  very   near  to   perfectidu.      The 


old  straji  rail  with  its  myriads  of  "snake 
heads,"  the  original  broad  gauge  track,  the 
engine  with  hand  brake  and  tallow  cup, 
all  are  superseded  by  the  modern  steel  rail, 
the  universal  standard  gauge,  the  air  brake 
and  lubricator  and  other  nuudr  improve- 
ments. 

Mr.  Sullivan  was  born  in  Lawrence 
County,  Ind.,  January  16, 1838.  His  father, 
William  Sullivan,  a  blacksmith,  was  born 
in  Xorth  Carolina,  and  his  mother,  Maria 
(^uakenbush,  was  born  in  Xew  York.  They 
came  to  this  State  early  and  were  married 
in  Lawrence  Cdunty,  and  the  survivors  of 
their  fainilv  (if  six  are  Lemuel,  of  Medora, 
Ind.;  Isabel,  wife  of  William  Hvdenrich, 
of  lildomington,  Ind.,  and  Hugh  H. 

The  Sullivans  were  from  Ireland,  no 
ddubt  many  generations  ago,  but  tdd  far 
back  to  lav  claim  to  anv  ties  other  than 
thdse  df  full-blooded  Americans.  Hugh 
H.  Sullivan  was  married  in  Seymour,  In- 
diana, December  21,  1881,  to  Mrs.  :\Ivrtle 
Jolly,  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  Mary  WhJeler. 
They  reside  in  their  cozy  and  comfoi-table 
home  on  West  Walnut  street. 

Mr.  Sullivan's  close  confinement  to  busi- 
ness has  i)recluded  the  possibility  of  his 
becoming  extensively  acquainted,  although 
his  position  and  standing  render  him  well 
known  to  the  public;  yet  those  who  have 
been  associated  with  him  for  years  and 
have,  consecjuently,  had  an  opportunity  to 
know  him,  speak  of  him  in  the  highest 
terms  as  a  citizen  and  as  a  man.  He  be- 
longs to  the  Brotherliood  of  Locomotive 
Engineei-s. 

Thomas  F.  Spink,  manager  of  the 
"City  Mills,"  of  Washington,  is  a  de- 
■scendant  of  one  of  the  early  families  of 
Daviess  County.  His  grandfather,  Francis 
X.  Spink,  was  born  in  Maryland,  and  came 
to  this  county  about  the  time  of  the  admis- 
sion of  the  state  into  the  Union.  He  set- 
tled upon  a  farm  and  spent  the  residue  of 
his  life  there.  His  son,  James  C.  Spink, 
and  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  on 
a  farm  in  this  county  in  1824,  and  in  his 
young  manhood  was  engaged  in  tilling  the 
soil.  He  worked  as  a  surveyor  on  the 
Wabash  and  Erie  canal  when  it  was  being 
constructed  through  this  locality.  He 
finally  engaged  in  the  milling  business,  and 
it  was  in  this  cajjacity  that  he  was  most 
widely  known.  He  was  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the   well-known    firm    of  Spink    & 


Ycal.  \vhicli  Hdorished  in  tliis  city  a  quar- 
ter of  a  couturv  ago.  lu  1879  Jame.s  C. 
Spink  built  the  "City  Mills"  and  operated 
it  to  his  death  in  1893.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  council  of  Washington,  and 
was  a  democrat.  His  widow,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Ann  Elizabeth  Wright,  of  Penn- 
sylvania stock,  still  survives.  Her  only 
living  child  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
The  latter  was  born  April  29,  1865,  in 
Washington,  and  completed  a  course  in 
the  schools  of  this  city  in  1884.  He  went 
from  the  school-room  into  the  Democrat 
office  as  city  editor.  He  took  up  the  study 
of  phonography  and  prepared  himself  in  a 
phonographic  institute  of  Cincinnati.  He 
secured  employment  in  the  general  offices 
of  the  L.  &  X"  H'y  Co.  in  Louisville,  and 
remained  there  three  years.  He  next 
represented  the  Hammond  people  in  the 
sale  of  typewriters,  in  Louisville  and  in 
Cincinnati.  Retiring  from  that  connection, 
he  came  home  in  July,  1889,  and  took  a 
position  in  the  mill  with  his  father. 

Mr.  .Spink  was  married  in  Louisville 
October  5,  1887,  to  Mary  W.,  daughter  of 
John  W.  Stone,  a  prominent  tobacco 
dealer  of  Lynchburg,  Va.  INIrs.  Spink 
died  January  19,  1896,  leaving  an  only 
child,  James  AA'arner,  born  in  1888, 

Mr.  Spink  is  a  thriity,  industrious  and 
progressive  citizen,  and  in  addition  to  the 
interests  above  mentioned,  he  is  a  stock- 
holder in  the  "Washington  Street  R'y  Co. 

He  is  Chancellor  Commander  of  the  K. 
of  P.  fraternity,  and  is  Past  Grand  Senator 
of  the  Ancient  Essenic  Order. 

William  F.  Hoffmann, of  Washington, 
is  a  native  of  Indiana,  his  birth  having  oc- 
curred in  Owen  County,  this  State,  on  the 
18th  day  of  August,  1857.  He  is  a  son  of 
John  A.  and  Elizabeth  (Kerschner)  Hoff- 
man. His  father  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Speyer,  Germany,  in  the  year  1834,  and  was 
a  son  of  John  Hoffmann,  whose  entire  life 
was  spent  in  Germany,  but  his  .son,  John 
A.  Hoffmann,  after  receiving  a  fair  educa- 
tion in  his  native  land  set  out  for  the  New 
World,  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years.  On 
coming  to  this  country  his  first  place  of 
settlement  was  Brownsville,  Union  County, 
Ind.  Here  he  formed  acquaintance  with 
Elizabeth  Kerschner,  whom  he  married  in 
1856.  Unto  the  marriage  five  children 
were  born,  William  F.  being  the  eldest. 
The  mother  died  in  1868,  and  subsequently 


Susan  Hahn  became  the  second  wife  of 
John  A.  Hoffinan  and  bore  him  three  chil- 
dren. 

Soon  after  his  first  marriage  John  A. 
Hoffmann,  who  followed  plastering  for 
many  years  in  early  life,  settled  on  a  farm 
in  Owen  County,  Ind.,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  His  son,  whose  name  forms  the 
caption  of  this  sketch,  was  reared  on  the 
farm  ;  he  did  farm  work  and  learned  the 
])lastcicr'--  trade  under  his  father.  His 
carl\  I  ihication  was  obtained  in  the  com- 
uKin  -ciiocils  of  his  county.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  Mr.  Hoffmann  entered 
the  Northern  Indiana  Normal,  of  Valpar- 
aiso, from  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  1S,S2.  He  had  previously  taught  school, 
and  upon  his  graduation  accepted  the  prin- 
cipalship  ot  the  high  school  of  Washington, 
Ind.  After  three  years  of  successful  ser- 
vice in  this  position,  Mr.  Hoffmann  re- 
ceived a  merited  election  to  the  superinten- 
<lency  ot  the  city  schools  of  Washington, 
being  the  youngest  man  in  the  state  to  hold 
a  superindency  of  so  large  a  city.  For 
nine  years  he  remained  in  charge  of  these 
schools,  and  gave  universal  satisfaction,  and 
gained  high  rank  as  an  educator.  In  1894 
he  resigned  the  position,  in  order  to  prepare 
himself  for  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1895,  and  in  ^lay  of 
that  year  opened  a  law  office  in  Washington, 
and  has  since  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice. 

Politically  Mr.  Hoffmann  is  a  staunch 
Democrat,  and  fraternally  a  member  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias  order  and  also  Masonic 
fraternity.  He  is  a  Knight  Templar  Ma- 
son and  is  junior  warden  in  his  command- 
ary  He  has  served  three  years  as  master 
of  the  blue  lodge,  and  has  always  taken  a 
very  active  part  in  the  fraternal  organiza- 
tions to  which  he  belongs.  He  is  also  an 
esteemed  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church.  In  1884,  Mr.  Hoffmann  wedded 
Miss  Stella  Lee,  the  youngest  daughter  of 
Clement  Lee,  Esq.,  of  ^^'ashington.  The 
marriage  has  been  blessed  by  the  birth  of 
two  sons. 

Mr.  Hoffmann  is  truly  a  self-made  man. 
From  early  life  he  has  manifested  a  fond- 
ness for  research  into  the  vast  field  of  knowl- 
edge in  the  scientific  and  literary  world. 
He  posse.sses  a  liberal  education,  and  is  one 
ot  only  two  persons  in  Daviess  County 
who  hold  a  state  teacher's  license.  He  en- 
joys the  esteem  and  confidence  ot  a  wide 


accjuaiutaucL'  and  is  a  distiiiftivi'ly  ivpre- 
seutative  citizeu. 

Frank  I.  Sefrit,  the  able  aud  popular 
editor  of  the  Washiiifrtou  Gazette,  is  a  gen- 
tleman who  has  grown  up  in  this  city,  aud 
one  whose  career  has  been  marked  by  a 
fixedness  of  purpose,  by  an  intense  ambi- 
tion aud  by  his  peculiar  fitness  for  the  j)ro- 
fessiou  he  has  chosen.  He  was  boru  in 
Knox  County,  lud.,  August  29, 18(56.  His 
father  came  to  this  city  soon  after  this  in- 
cident, and  here  he  educate<l  iiis  cliildreii. 
Frank  began  life  as  a  clerk  in  tlie  store  "f 
().  H.  Brann.  He  had  worked  for  iiis 
tatlier  around  the  latter's  coal  bank  before 
tliis,  but  as  an  independent  business  man 
iiis  merchandising  was  his  first  experience. 
I'pon  leaving  the  store  he  went  to  Clark 
County,  la.,  and  was  absent  one  season, 
and  upon  returning  home  he  began  work- 
ing in  the  capacity  of  a  reporter  fi)r  the  (ia- 
zctte,  tiien  owned  l)y  his  fatherand  brother. 
He  s(jon  familiarized  himself  with  the  re- 
quirements for  a  successful  news-gatherer 
aud  received  the  usual  promotions  as  rap- 
idly as  he  was  deemed  fitted  for  them,  and 
when  his  father  laid  down  liispcu  and  took 
his  iastjourney  the  management  placed 
Frank  in  business  charge  ot  the  Gazette. 
In  189()  he  was  officially  named  as  its 
editor. 

Mr.  Setrit  is  a  sou  of  the  late  M.  L.  B. 
Sefrit,  who  was  born  in  this,  Daviess  Coun- 
ty, Ind.,  in  1837.  He  had  the  advantage 
of  oniv  a  common  school  education,  but 
he  was  a  man  possessed  of  a  bright  and 
fertile  mind.  He  stored  it  with  the  knowl- 
edge of  experience  and  became  able  to  cope 
with  those  of  far  superior  childhood  oppor- 
tunities. The  iSefrits  are  of  German  de- 
scent. The  name  was  originally  "  Seifert,  " 
which  has  passed  through  frequent  Ameri- 
canization and  become  Sefrit.  The  de- 
scendants of  the  first  representatives  of  tiie 
family  in  the  United  States  drifted  into 
North  Carolina,  and  it  was  in  the  "  Old 
North  State  "  that  Charles  Sefrit  was  born. 
His  father,  George  Seifert,  seems  to  have 
been  the  German  emigrant  before  nuii- 
tioued.  The  family  is  noted  for  its  long- 
evity, and  it  is  said  that  this  iiardy  old  man 
was  fatally  injured  while  out  hunting  at  tlic 
age  of  104. 

The  grandfather  of  our  subject  came  into 
Daviess  Countv  about  181(5.  He  married 
Elizabeth  A.  Everett  and   M.   L.  B.  Sefrit 


was  their  sou.  Tiie  latter  married  Eleanor, 
the  daughter  of  Frances  McDonald,  a 
brother  of  Judge  David  McDonald,  of  In- 
diana, and  a  cousin  of  the  late  Senator 
Joseph  E.  McDonald.  Mr.  Sefrit  died  in 
1892,  and  his  wife  in  1894.  Their  children 
are:  Charles  G.,  Frank  I.  and  Louie  B., 
all  newspaper  men,  aud  Walter  and  Callie. 

Frank  I.  Sefrit  was  married  June  10, 
1891,  to  Ethel,  daughter  of  Mrs.  ^Nlalinda 
Leonard.  The  children  of  tliis  union  ai'e: 
Irene,  Charles  L. 

Mr.  Sefrit  is  a  Past  Chancellor  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias  fraternity,  and  is  a 
prominent  Knight  of  Ancient  Essenic  order. 

J.  W.  Ramsey,  one  of  the  foremost  con- 
tractors and  builders  of  Washington,  has 
been  identified  with  the  building  interests 
of  this  city  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
having  come  here  in  April,  1873.  He  be- 
gan contracting  soon  after  this  date,  and 
among  his  best  buildings  are  :  the  residences 
of  John  Helphinstine,  Dr.  Winton,  Henry 
Thomas,  Thomas  Graham,  John  T.  Neal, 
Joseph  Wilson,  ^Irs.  Geeting,  M.  J.  Car- 
iialiau  and  Simon  Joseph.  The  store-rooms 
of  Jackson,  Josei)h,  (Jraff  &  Keller,  E.  R. 
Eskridge,  Z.  Jones,  the  Meredith  House 
addition,  Helphinstine's  livery  barn.  City 
Hall,  the  remodeling  of  Wilson's  store, 
three  good  residences  in  Wiieatland,  and 
one  in  Shoals  for  J.  P.  Hawkins  are  among 
the  buildings  he  has  erected. 

Mr.  Ramsey  learned  his  trade  with  Ivord 
&  Lankard  at  Danville,  Ky.  After  the 
war  he  went  west  and  worked  in  the  towns 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Lees  Summit,  Mo.,  at 
Topeka  and  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  and  in 
New  Orleaus,  La.  He  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster Ky.,  Jan.  22nd,  1840,  and  was  a  son 
of  Wra.  Ramsey,  born  in  the  same  locality, 
a  blacksmith,  and  the  husband  of  Martha 
Eastou.  His  living  children  are  our  sub- 
ject, and  Mrs.  Catherine  Woods,  of  Chicago. 

Our  subject  got  a  fair  education  in  the 
subscription  schools,  in  his  boyhood  and 
his  school  days  ended  with  a  term  in  an 
academv  at  Lancaster  some  years  later. 
September  19,  18(51,  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany C  19th  K.  V.  I.  and  was  mustered 
into  the  service  at  Harrodsburg.  His  com- 
mand was  at  Sommerset,  Cumberland  (lap, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1862  skirmished  its  way 
out  to  the  Ohio  river.  It  was  with  Sher- 
man's first  advance  on  Vicksburg,  at  ( 'hick- 
asaw  Bluff,  Ark.,  Post,  and  back  to  Y(ning's 


I'oint,  where  it  aided  in  digging  the  famous 
canal  in  front  ot  Vicksburg  that  afterwards 
turned  the  course  of  the  Mississippi  river 
at  that  point.  In  the  spring  of  1863  the 
command  started  at  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  and 
fought  the  battles  preliminary  to  the  siege 
of  Vicksburg  aud  wound  up  the  campaign 
with  the  cajjture  of  that  city.  Their  next 
capture  was  Jackson,  Miss.,  and  from  there 
they  went  to  North  Carolina;  did  some 
service  in  the  Tesche  country;  returned  to 
New  Orleans,  put  on  board  a  vessel,  and 
sent  to  Matagorda  Bay,  Tex.  and  were 
busy  in  that  region  till  the  spring  of  1864, 
when  they  were  sent  back  to  New  Orleans, 
from  where  they  started  on  the  famous  Red 
River  expedition.  Cain  River,  Cotton 
Plant,  Yellow  Bayou,  and  Mansfield  were 
fought  on  this  raid  and  the  campaign  ended 
at  Morganza  Beud  on  the  Mississijipi  river. 
Succeeding  this  the  regiment  did  ]u-ovost 
guard  duty  at  Baton  Rouge  for  some 
months,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Louisville 
in  February,  1865.  Mr.  Ramsey  was  mus- 
tered in  as  3rd  Sergeant  of  his  Company 
aud  was  mustered  out  as  1st  Lieuten- 
ant. 

Mr.  Ramsey  is  an  ardent  Republican  and 
never  fails  to  do  a  citizen's  duty  in  desig- 
nating the  policy  of  the  state  and  nation. 
He  was  married  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  August 
2ud,  1871,  to  Eliza  Kelso,  whose  father, 
Wm.  Kelso,  was  an  old  settler  of  Daviess 
County,  and  descended  from  South  Caro- 
lina parents. 

Mr.  Ramsey's  only  child  living  is  James. 

Mr.  Ramsey  is  an  Odd  Fellow  and  a 
member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public. 

W.  P.  Ellis,  ex-postmaster  of  Washing- 
ton, and  a  well-known  mechanic,  was  born 
in  this  county,  December  31,  1835.  His 
youth  was  spent  upon  the  farm  and  his  ed- 
ucation obtained  within  the  walls  of  the 
proverbial  log  school  house.  On  approach- 
ing manhood  he  placed  himself  under  the 
direction  of  George  Birge,  an  efficient  car- 
penter, to  learn  the  trade  and  after  the 
usual  term  of  service  he  was  a  competent 
workman  and  set  out  for  himself.  He  had 
not  more  than  fairly  begun  wlien  the  civil 
war  became  the  all  absorbing  topic  and 
men  were  dropjjiug  civil  pursuits  on  every 
hand  and  entering  the  army.  Mr.  Ellis 
was  no  exception  to  this  rule.  He  enlisted 
in  Company    E.   27th    Ind.  Vol.  Tnf ,  was 


mustered  in  at  this  point,  ordered  to  the 
uational  capital  and  there  placed  in  com- 
mand of  General  Banks.  Later,  he  was  in 
McClellan's  command  in  West  Virginia. 
Following  this  he  particijtated  in  the  engage- 
ments at  Antietam,  (icttysljurg,  Chancel- 
lorsviilc,  Cedar  ^biuntain,  and  after  veter- 
anizing at  Tullahonui,  Teun.,  he  partici])ated 
in  the  canijiaign  of  Atlauta  and  went  with 
Sherman  to  the  sea.  From  that  point  north 
he  saw  the  closing  events  of  the  war  ;  hard 
marching,  swamp  wading  and  pontoon 
building  through  the  Carol inas,  ending 
with  the  surrender  of  General  Johnston 
near  Goldsboro.  Mr.  Ellis  was  wounded 
at  Gettysburg  and  at  Resaca.  He  enlisted 
a  private  and  was  discharged  a  sergeant. 
He  was  in  the  Grand  Review  at  M'ashing- 
ton,  D.  C.,  and  when  lie  returned  home  he 
had    seen  more  than  four  years  of  war. 

Upon  donning  citizen's  clothes  again  Mr. 
Ellis  returned  to  the  bench  and  was  a 
prominent  builder  of  ^\'ashington,  Ind.  for 
vears. 

In  1878  Mr.  Ellis  was  electe.l  niav.ir  of 
this  city  and  was  re-elected  in  18S()"  He 
has  always  been  an  active  and  influential 
worker  in  the  Repulilican  party.  His  ser- 
vices and  ability  were  recognized  by  his 
a]>j>ointnient  as  postmaster  for  Washington 
by  President  Harrison  in  1889.  He  suc- 
ceeded Stephen  ISclding  and  served  four 
vears  and  three  months 

Mr.  Ellis'  father  was  William  Ellis  who 
came  to  this  county  in  I.SIO.  He  was  born 
in  North  Carolina  in  1802,  and  was  a  son 
of  A\'illiam  Ellis  who  was  a  pioneer  settler 
of  Daviess  County. 

Our  subject's  mother  was  Charlotte,  a 
daughter  o'f  I'armenas  Palmer.  She  died 
in  I'syo  at  the  age  of  ,S4.  Her  chililren 
were :  Caroline,  wife  of  J.  C.  Mercer ; 
Amory,  died  in  the  army;  Rebecca,  deceas- 
ed, married  Thomas  Banks  ;  Sarah,  mar- 
ried Richard  Harroll,  of  Franklin  Countv, 
III.;  W.  P.;  John,  .leceased,  married  :  Al- 
fred, of  this  countv  ;  Cicero  B.,  of  Hopkins 
Countv,  Texas;  'Indiana,  wife  of  J.  A. 
(iaitlicr,  of  (),l(,n,nn.lS.  P.,  of  Washington. 

Novcnibci-  2(1,  l.S().s,  ,Mr.  Ellis  was  mar- 
ried in  this  county  to  Mary  E.,  daughter  of 
James  I>.  McIIoliand,  who  was  born  near 
Bloominuton,  Ind. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fllis'  children  are:  Mer- 
rit;  Idonia,  wite  of  W.  P.  Walter,  Deputy 
Circuit    Clerk     of    this    county;     Frank; 


J2 


H.4i'n  ;  Albion  ;   William    .M.;    James    K.; 
Dunakl. 

Mr.  P]llis  was  the  first  commander  of  the 
(irand  Army  Post  at  Washington.  He 
possesses  in  a  high  degree  the  confidence  of 
the  citizens  of  \\'asliington. 

John  Dosch,  ex-Recorder  of  Daviess 
Couiitv  and  a  memi)er  of  the  prominent 
real  estate  firm  t)f  Dosch  &  Sandford,  of 
^\'asllington,  was  liorn  in  Dubois  County, 
Ind.,  Feb.  20,  Is.",!).  His  father  Andrew 
Dosch,  came  to  this  city  that  same  year  and 
settled  near  town  and  engageii  in  farming 
and  gardening.  This  has  been  his  occu- 
])ation  throngh  his  long  and  uneventful 
life.  He  was  born  in  (iermauy,  April  17, 
1S17,  came  to  this  country  a  single  man  and 
was  married  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  to  Maria 
Dudine,  a  German  lady. 

John  Dosch  is  the  sixth  of  a  family  of 
ten  children.  He  was  fairly  educated  and 
applied  himself  in  his  youth  to  the  task  of 
learning  the  trade  of  harness  making. 
After  he  had  completed  it  he  discovered 
tiiat  the  close  continenient  incident  to  that 
business  ilid  not  agree  with  him  and  he  set 
aliout  preparing  himself  for  a  stationary 
engineer.  He  secured  ready  employment 
in  this  line  and  was  one  of  the  engineers  tor 
Cable  cV:  Co.  at  their  coal  shaft'  when  he 
was  elected  County  Recorder.  John  is  a 
man  who  has  always  stood  in  with  the  boys, 
and  as  a  consequence  it  became  quite  nat- 
ural for  him  to  get  into  politics.  He 
espoused  Democracy  from  the  start,  and  his 
party  nominated  him  for  Recorder  in  the 
summer  of  1890  and  he  was  elected  in  No- 
vember following  and  served  four  years. 
During  his  term  the  records  of  his  office  were 
so  badly  damaged  by  the  attempted  burn- 
ing of  the  Court  House  that  the  Commis- 
sioners ordered  him  to  make  copies  of  what 
rt'mained.  He  completed  this  work  before 
his  term  expired.  He  was  a  candidate  for 
re-election,  but  in  1894  was  a  bad  year  for 
Democrats  everywhere,  and  he  was  not  suc- 
cessful. He  retired  from  office  April  1(J, 
l.s<)."i,  and  on  the  first  of  the  following 
month  he  formed  his  present  partnership. 
October  28,  188G,  Mr.  Dosch  was  mar- 
rie(l  to  Charlotte  F.,  a  daughter  of  Wen- 
dalun  and  Frances  Faust. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Do.sch  are  the  parents  oh 
Frances,  Charlotte  and  Laura  (twins), 
Marie  and  John  C. 

Mr.  Dosch  has  made  the  most  of  his  op- 


portunities. He  is  industrious,  ambitious 
and,  considering  his  age,  he  has  been  hon- 
ored with  ottice  and  enjoyed  its  emoluments 
rather  early  in  life.  He  has  acquired  suf- 
ficient means  to  reward  him  amply  for  all 
his  efforts,  and  with  the  proper  manage- 
ment of  his  resources  he  will  be  in  easy  cir- 
cumstances through  life. 

Thos.  G.  Underdown,  the  efficient 
Treasurer  of  the  citv  of  Washington,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  4th,  1844. 
At  the  end  of  his  pui)ilage  he  "entered  the 
United  States  navy,  and  served  under  both 
Admirals  Dahlgren  and  Farragut.  He 
was  on  the  expedition  commanded  by  Ad- 
miral Thacher,  with  a  roving  commission 
to  the  north  Pacific  Ocean.  Being  firdered 
home,  he  returned  by  mail  steamer,  was 
given  a  three  month's  leave  and  at  the  end 
of  that  time  was  discharged,  having  served 
four  years  and  eight  months.  April  9th, 
1868,  he  started  on  a  trip  to  France  and 
Italy  as  second  officer  of  a  merchantman 
and  visited  many  of  the  prominent  ports  of 
lower  Euroi)e  during  this  absence.  Directly 
upon  his  return  home,  he  came  west  and 
brought  up  in  this  city  27  years  ago.  While 
in  the  navy  he  had  actpiired  that  habit  of 
self-destruction  so  conmion  among  sailors 
and  when  he  landed  in  this  town  he  was 
"  in  hard  luck,"  and  was  content  to  do  the 
most  menial  labor  for  a  living.  One  day 
he  became  confronted  suddenly  with  a 
realization  of  the  seriousness  of  his  case 
and  he  resolved  then  and  there  to  reform  and 
to  become  the  man  his  mother  had  tried  to 
make  him.  That  resolution  became  con- 
stant and  has  endured  even  to  this  day. 
He  made  friends  and  merited  the  good  will 
of  the  business  men  of  Washington,  and 
having  the  mental  qualifications,  he  secured 
desirable  employment  in  a  .short  time.  In 
1872  he  entered  the  court  house  and  served 
as  deputy  in  the  offices  of  Auditor,  Re- 
corder and  Treasurer  respectively.  He 
left  the  county  building  in  1880,  and  went 
west  into  Illinois  in  the  interest  of  a  bed 
spring  company,  but  was  not  calculated  for 
a  solicitor  in  the  beginning  and  returned 
poorer  in  purse  than  when  he  went  out. 

In  1S,S2,  Mr.  Underdown  first  entered 
the  City  Treasurer's  office  as  deputy  under 
Wm.  Thomi)son,  and  when  that  offu'cr  died 
in  188G,  Mr.  Underdown  was  appointed  to 
the  vacancy.  He  has  succeeded  himself  at 
each  city  election  siuce  that  date.     He  is  a 


Democrat  of  tlie  most  proiiouncfcl  typo  and 
his  political  service  has  been  iu  the  interest 
of  that  party.  He  is  regarded  as  a  very 
careful  officer  and  is  popular  with  all  classes. 

Thos.  TimlerdoNvn  is  a  sini  of  WmJ^uler- 
down  wli..  was  Ix.rn  in  Rcadin,-,  Kn-laii.l. 
He  came  to  the  rnit.MJ  States  rai'lv  in  lile, 
and  tor  31  years  was  a  l'hila.leli)hia  hanker. 
He  i.s  now  livinu-  in  retirement  at  Haddon- 
field,  N.  J.  Our  sulyect  is  his  oidy  son  hy 
marriage  to  Elizabeth  Cresswell. 

Thos.  Uuderdown  married  December  "21, 
1872,  Minerva  C.  Crago. 

He  is  a  Red  Man,  is  Trea.surer  of  the 
Hoyal  Arcanum,  and  is  a  member  of  tlie 
Farragut  Naval  Association  of  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

John  H.  Spencer,  the  present  mayor 
of  Washington,  and  a  representative  attor- 
ney of  that  city,  is  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
born  in  Greenville,  that  state,  on  the  28th 
day  of  December,  I860. 

His  parents  were  William  and  Elizabeth 
(Jones)  Sj)eneer.  His  father  was  a  native 
of  North  (iiroliua  and  was  a  son  of  John 
G.  Spencer,  who  was  a  native  of  Virginia 
and  a  descendant  of  Scotch  ancestors. 
Elizabeth  Spencer,  nee  .bmes,  was  born  in 
North  Carolina  and  hei'  aneestoi'.-  were  nf 
English  origin.  William  Sj)eneer  removed 
from  Tennessee  to  Indiana  in  1867,  and 
first . settled  iu  Rushviile,  l)ut  two  years 
later  removed  to  Daviess  County,  and  in 
1871  located  in  Washington,  where  he  died 
in  1895,  at  the  age  of  sixty-seveu  years. 
His  widow  now  resides  iu  Washington.  Of 
her  six  children  the  subject  of  this  review 
is  the  only  son.  He  was  mainly  reared  and 
educated  in  Washington,  from  the  high 
schools  of  which  city  he  graduated  in  1880. 
He  studied  law  under  the  guidance  of  James 
W.  Ogdon  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1882,  and  at  once  entered  the  practice  of 
his  chosen  profession. 

He  was  made  deputy  prosecutor  in  1886, 
a  position  in  whieh  he  remained  nearly  two 
years.  In  1S1)(»  Mr.  Spencer  was  again 
made  deputy  prosecutor,  and  for  four  years 
thereafter  discharged  the  duties  of  this 
office.  In  1B85  he  was  clerk  of  the  judici- 
ary committee  of  the  Legislature  of  Indiana. 

In  1889  he  wa.s  journal  clerk  in  the 
State  Senate,  and  in  1891  was  engrossing 
clerk  of  the  State  Senate. 

In  politics  Mr.  Spencer  has  always  been 
a  well  defined   Democrat.     In    May,  1894, 


he  was  elected  mayor  of  Washington  for  a 
term  of  four  years.  As  mayor  he  has  given 
evidence  of  competency  and  ability. 

Nathan  G.  Re.ad,  assistant  cashier  of 
till'  'Washington  National  P.ank,  has  been 
a  l.'udin.u  spirit  in  the  business  affiiirs  of 
Daviess  Cnuiity  i'nv  thirty  years,  and  in 
that  time  lias  lii'eii  eiiLiageil  in  various 
public  and  pi'ivate  matter-,  and  the  public 
judgment  as  pi-onmineed  upun  in  all  things 
is,  that   lie    possesses   business    and    social 

Mr.  Ivead  was  not  especiallv  prepared  in 
his  youth  for  any  .'ailing.  He  secured  only 
a  fii'ir  edueation'in  the  common  schools,  but 
having  a  bright,  active  and  fertile  mind, 
he  readily  adapted  himself  to  circumstances 
and  his  experience  in  public  life  gave  him 
a  fund  of  information  that  has  been  of 
much  value  to  him  in  later  years. 

Upon  leaving  school  Mr.  Read  entered 
the  office  of  his  brother,  R.  N.  Read,  who 
was  the  ( 'ounty  Auditor,  and  served  as 
(leputv  fcir  five  \<'ars,  and  in  November,. 
1866,'  was  himself  eleete,]  to  that  office; 
was  re-elected  in  1  .S7().  <er\inu-.  in  all, thir- 
teen years.  It  is  the  testimony  of  all  that 
he  was  an  efficieut  official.  Owing  to  a 
combination  of  circumstances  the  Demo- 
cratic convention  of  1876  could  not  name 
either  of  the  gentlemen  for  the  office  of 
sheriff  who  were  avowed  candidates,  and 
Mr.  Read  was  chosen  as  a  compromise.  He 
was  elected  the  same  fall  aud  succeeded  ex- 
Sheriff  Capt.  I.  ^V.  McCormick.  He  put 
the  office  upon  a  business  basis,  and  the 
conduct  of  it  by  each  succeeding  sheriff 
has  been  easier  aud  more  efficient  for  his 
having  held  it. 

Mr.  Read  was  born  iu  this,  Daviess 
County,  Ind.,  jNIarch  30,  1842.  He  is  a 
•son  of  Nathan  and  jSIary  (Weaver)  Read. 
The  former  was  born  in  Massachusetts  and 
the  latter  in  Pennsylvania.  The  former 
came  to  this,  Daviess  County,  very  early, 
and  here  died.  Our  subject  is  the  young- 
est of  eight  children,  three  of  whom  are 
living,  George  C,  a  farmer  of  this  county ; 
Sarah,  wife  of  Elijah  Arthur,  of  Washing- 
ton, and  Nathan  G.  The  last  named  was 
married  January  21,  1878,  to  Fannie, 
daughter  of  John  Teney,  and  widow  of  El- 
liott McCulloch.  Mrs.  Read  was  born 
March  2d,  1851,  and  is  the  mother  of  two 
children,  Robert  Nathan,  deceased,  and 
Lewis. 


rpuii  his  n'tirfim'iit  fniiii  the  slieritt"'.s 
ottico  Mr.  Ucad  eugagL'tl  iu  iiicrcluuuli.sinf;' 
for  three  years.  He  eame  to  his  present 
ixisitioii  iu  February  of  1 888.  His  service 
as  Deputy  County  Treasurer,  by  appoint- 
meut,  gave  liim  an  experienced  akin  to 
banking  that,  when  he  eame  intotlie  bank, 
he  was  somewhat  familiar  with  the  (hities 
of  his  ])osition. 

Mr.  Head  is  treasurer  oi  tiie  8eli(.ol 
Board  of  Washington,  and  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  tiie  lioard  for  eleven  years.  He  is 
familiar  with  the  needs  of  the  school, 
understands  the  peculiar  (|ualifications  nec- 
essary for  a  successtul  teacher,  and  employs 
only  such,  so  far  as  it  is  in  his  power. 

As  a  citizen  Mr.  Read  is  progressive, 
public  spirited  and  charitable.  He  is  modest, 
never  pushing  himself,  is  very  sociable, 
clever  and  accommodating.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  none  of  the  fraternities  but  is,  in 
religion,  a  Presbyterian. 

F.  G.  LnTE.s,  the  efficient  Recorder  of 
Daviess  County, was  born  in  ]Meade  County, 
Ky.,  February  23,  1837.  Tnat  same  year 
his  father,  Wilson  B.  Lutes,  crossed"  the 
Ohio  river  into  Indiana  with  his  family  and 
st'ttled  in  Perry  ("ounty.  He  came  into 
this  (bounty  some  years  later  and  resided  till 
his  removal  to  Green  County,  where  he  died, 
in  ISK),  at  the  age  of  66  years.  He  was  born 
in  Bullet  County,  Ky.,  and  was  a  gunsmith 
by  trade.  That  was  the  trade  of  his  father, 
\\'m.  Lutes,  a  Peunsylvanian,aud  descended 
from  German  stock. 

Henry  Bugher's  daughter,  Virginia,  be- 
came the  wife  of  Wilson  B.  I>utes  and 
Frances  G.  was  their  second  child.  The 
other  children  were :  Augustus  D.,  de- 
ceased, Mary  E.,  wife  of  John  Haver.stock 
of  Shelby  County,  111.,  Charles  M.  of  Sul- 
livan, Ind.,  Jacob  O.,  Danville,  III.,  John 
W.,  Topeka,  Kansas,  Wilson  B.,  Bedford, 
Ind.,  and  Henry  D.  of  Green  County,  Ind. 

Frances  G.  was  reared  to  work  from  his 
boyhood  and  was  put,  at  the  proper  age,  to 
making  brick.  When  he  quit  this  business 
he  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Odon,  Ind. 
In  1875  he  took  the  western  fever  and 
went  to  Kansas,  and  spent  two  years  at 
Towanda.  Xot  being  pleased  with  the 
country,  he  went  to  Brinkley,  Ark.,  and 
found  a  good  opening  for  a  brick  yard,  and 
again  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brick. 
He  conducted  that  business  eight  years  and 
prospered,  making,  as  he  terms  it  his  second 


start.  He  returned  to  Daviess  County  in 
1888,  and  embarked  in  business  at  Odon, 
again,  and  conducted  it  till  his  election  to 
the  office  he  now  holds. 

Mr.  Lutes  has  devoted  his  time  and  tal- 
ents, in  politics,  to  the  cause  of  the  Repub- 
lican party.  There  has  been  no  time  when 
he  was  not  an  advocate  of  her  doctrines  and 
a  defender  of  her  policies.  When  he  l>e- 
came  a  candidate  in  1894  for  the  party 
nomination  for  Recorder,  he  got  it  and  was 
elected  at  the  ensuing  election  by  a  plurality 
of;')()7  \otes,  and  entered  the  office  as  the 
successor  ot  John  Dosch. 

Mr.  Lutes  did  not  shirk  duty  when  his 
country  needed  loyal  men  to  bear  arms  in 
defense  of  her  honor  and  to  protect  her 
emblem.  He  responded  to  the  call  of  18()2, 
and  enlisted  in  Company  C,  91st  I.  V.  I. 
and  was  assigned  to  the  army  of  the  Cum- 
berland. The  first  year  his  service  was  in 
Kentucky,  doing  guard  duty,  but  the  next 
year  he  went  to  the  front  and  participate<l 
in  his  first  engagement  at  Pine  Mountain, 
(,ia.  He  was  on  the  Atlanta  Campaign  and 
followed  Hood  back  north  and  fought  him 
at  Franklin,  and  again  at  Nashville,  where 
he  was  "  cut  to  pieces  "  and  was  ever  after- 
ward useless  to  the  Confederacy.  The 
Xinety-first  was  next  transferred  from  Clif- 
ton, Tenn.,  by  the  way  of  Cincinnati  to 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  from  there  sent 
.south  to  Fort  Fisher,  to  Ca])e  Fear,  and  to 
Goldsboro,  X.  C,  anil  there  joined  Gen. 
Sherman.  It  operated  in  that  State  in  pur- 
suit ot  Gen.  Johnston  until  his  cajiture, 
when  it  was  ordered  to  Salisbury  and  there 
]\Ir.  Lutes  was  discharged  in  June,  1865. 

Mr.  Lutes  was  married  first  in  1859  to 
Barliara,  daughter  of  William  Snvder.  She 
died  at  Brinkley,  Ark.,  in  1888, after  living 
with  her  husband  twenty-eight  years.  Four 
of  her  children  also  died  there.  They 
were  Francis  B.,  Clara  B.,  Charles  and 
Isadore.  Those  living  are  :  Alice,  wife  of 
O.  B.  Roberts;  William  H.,  George  W. 
and  Pear!  M. 

December  25,  1888,  Mr.  Lutes  married 
Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Spurgeon,  daughter  of 
William  Gartin.  She  died  in  October  of 
1891,  and  March  3,  1892,  Mr.  Lutes  mar- 
ried Mrc.  Loretta  Hastings,  daughter  of  Hi- 
ram Allen,  and  widow  of  John  A.  Hastings. 

Mr.  liUtcs  is  a  member  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  and  of  the  L^nited 
Brethren  Church. 


J3 


Capt.  John  C.  Leminc;,  Slicritt'of  Da- 
viess Couuty,  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
O.,  July  23,  1841.  Wliilo  v.t  a  .«'hool  boy 
in  185o,  his  parents  leit  the  Iliickeye  state 
and  took  up  their  residence  in  Cannelton, 
lud.,  and  in  that  oKl  river  town  young 
Jolin  was  educated  sparingly  and  there  he 
earned  his  first  money  at  mule  driving  at  a 
coal  bank  for  $4  a  week  and  board.  He 
was  put  in  charge  of  work  at  the  Curlen 
coal  banks  in  Kentucky  some  months  later 
and  remained  with  them  until  June  22, 
1861,  when  he  went  home  on  a  visit  and 
while  there  the  martial  spirit  took  posses- 
sion of  him  and  he  enlisted  July  10th  in 
Company  A,  23d  Ind.  V.  I.  and  was  mus- 
tered in  service  at  New  Albany.  The  23d 
liegiment  was  placed  in  Gen.  Gresham's 
Division  and  participated  in  the  Atlanta 
campaign.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  on  the  28th  of  July,  1864,  and  on 
August  1st  was  discharged.  His  parents 
had  moved  to  Milford,  O.,  and  hither  our 
subject  went  and  remained  until  the  next 
March.  He  had  arranged  to  put  in  a  crop 
that  spring  and  let  others  bring  the  war  to 
a  close,  but  on  the  10th  of  March  some- 
thing occurred  to  prompt  him  to  rejoin  the 
army,  and  he  accepted  the  commission  of 
Second  Lieut,  of  Company  F,  195th  Ohio 
V.  I.  and  served  as  such  till  the  fall,  when 
he  was  jn-nmuted  to  I'^irst  Lieut,  of  Com- 
pany E,  but  beftire  joining  his  new  com- 
pany he  was  detached  as  Aide  to  Gen.  H.  B. 
Banning,  with  whom  he  served  till  muster- 
ed out  in  December,  1865. 

Capt.  Leming  reached  home  Christmas 
eve  and  remained  one  week  when  he  and 
his  father  and  brother  went  to  Southern 
Indiana  and  engaged  in  the  timber  Inisiness. 
Following  this  the  Captain  went  south  and 
engaged  in  the  tug  business  at  Vicksburg, 
Miss.  On  his  return  to  the  north  he  re- 
engaged in  the  lumber  trade  in  Dubois  and 
adjoining  counties.  In  1878  he  accepted 
the  Republican  nomination  for  Recorder  of 
Dubois  County  and  was  elected,  being  the 
first  Republican  elected  in  the  county.  He 
served  four  years  and  was  a  candidate  for 
re-election  and  while  the  county  went 
Democratic  by  1,850  votes  he  was  defeated 
by  only  130  votes. 

On  going  out  of  office  Capt.  Leming  en- 
gaged in  the  milling  business  at  Porterville 
and  operated  his  plant  till  January,  18, 
1884,   when  everything    burned.     He   had 


Some  land  in  Daviess  County  and  he  came 
here  and  engaged  in  farming  and  was  so 
occupied  when  he  was  nominated  tor  sheriiF 
and  elected  in  November  of  1892.  He 
took  the  office  in  August  of  1893,  was 
again  elected  in  1894. 

Capt.  Leming  has  shown  himself  to  be  a 
superior  peace  officer.  He  has  had  to  face 
and  handle  some  very  trying  and  exasper- 
ating cases  of  lawlessness,  and  he  did  it 
withal  master  liand.  Uv  has  lieen  fearless 
in  the  pert'iii'UKUii.-e  ntliisduty  and  is  a  ter- 
ror in  the  eves  uf  eyi I-.^mts.'     He   has  had 


oceasKiii  lo  resdiT  r<>  very  yio(ir(ius  meas- 
ures fcir  the  sLippres.-idii  of  incendiai-y  and 

has  not  t'xceeded  liis  authority  and  has  al- 
ways l)een  within  the  pale  of  the  law.  He 
executes  the  mandates  of  the  court  without 
prejudice  or  bias  and  is  ni^ver  interested  in 
the  jirosecution  ot  a  case  lieyondliis  sphere 
as  an  executivi'  otHcei-. 

("apt.  I>eiiiing's  father  was  Isaac  Lem- 
ing, b,,rii  in  New  Jersi^y,  in  1-S05.  He 
married  k'eziah  Gest.  who  died  in  Feb- 
ruary,   ]S(i!l,    |,n din-    her    husband     14 

years.  Four  (,f  her  seven  children  are  liv- 
ing, viz:  John  G.,  Taylor,  Emma  and 
Mattie. 

Capt.  Leming  was  married  in  Daviess 
County,  Ind.,  "November  28,  1869,  to 
Louisa,  daughter  of  Thomas  Hayes.  Their 
children  are  :  May,  Florence,  Dean,  Amy, 
Belle,  Jesse,  Frank,  deceased,  Raymond, 
and  Helen. 

Capt.  Leming  belongs  to  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  to  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public and  to  the  Ancient  Order  of  United 
A\'orkmen. 

Daniel  S.  Monaghan  the  capable  city 
clerk  of  Washington,  was  born  in  this  citv 
of  Irish  parents,  October  6,  1868.  Al- 
though his  parents  were  poor  they  gave 
Dan  a  good  English  education  in  the  paro- 
chial and  public  schools.  His  first  under- 
taking was  in  the  capacity  of  a  student  of 
telegraphy  but  not  desiring  to  pursue  this  to 
its  final  completion  hedropjied  it  and  for  the 
next  three  years  was  bar  tender  in  one  of 
the  saloons  of  ^^'ashington.  He  was  in 
the  office  of  Recorder  Dosch  as  deputy  for 
three  years,  and  while  so  employed  was 
elected  to  his  present  office.  He  took  pos- 
session September  3,  1894,  for  a  term  of 
four  years.  He  was  a  candidate  of  the 
Democratic    party    and  was    elected   by    a 


jiliirality  i)f  50  votes.  He  luis  exercised 
unusual  eare  ami  fidelity  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duties,  and  when,  finally,  he  shall 
have  surrendered  his  charge  and  become 
a  private  citizen,  it  will  be  with  the  con- 
sciousness that  he  has  acquitted  himself 
well  and  merited  the  confidence  of  the  vot- 
ers of  Washington. 

Our  suliicct's  father,  Dan  Mf)naghan,  was 
liorn  on  the  Isle  of  Erin,  and  came  to  this 
city  more  than  forty  years  ago.  He  mar- 
ried Mary  Lively  and  is  the  father  of: 
^Michael,  Philip,  Lizzie,  Dan.  S.,  Annie, 
Kate,  Antonv,  Bridget,  Marijaret  and 
John. 

The  suhiect  of  this  sketch  has  no  fam- 
ily. 

Ezra  ]\Iattingly,  ex-chairman  of  the 
Republican  Central  Committee,  is  a  lawyer 
of  Daviess  County,  well  and  favorably 
known  at  the  Washington  bar,  and  is 
a  gentleman  possessing  the  esteem  and 
confidence  of  his  fellow  townsmen.  By 
nature  and  early  training  he  acquired 
the  habits  of  industry  and  honesty, 
and  became  possessed  of  a  desire  as 
he  approached  manhood,  to  engage  in 
some  professional  pursuit  that  would  furnish 
greater  opportunities  for  intellectual  ad- 
vancement than  would  the  farm,  and  at  the 
same  time  promise  better  remuneration  for 
his  labors.  He  accordingly  shaped  his 
affairs  so  that  he  could  procure  an  educa- 
tiitn  which  he  finished,  as  the  term  is  com- 
monly accepted,  by  graduatiug  at  the  South- 
ern Lidiaua  Normal  School  at  Mitchell. 
He  had  just  passed  his  eighteenth  year 
when  he  began  his  first  school.  He 
liked  this  profession,  was  well  adapted 
to  it  and  consequently  made  a  success  of  it. 
He  rose  rapidly,  earned  his  successive  pro- 
motions, and  in  LS87  was  elected  principal 
of  the  scho(ds  at  Odon,  Ind.  His  ability 
as  an  organizer,  manager  and  instructor 
stimulated  this  school  to  a  new  growth  and 
increased  activity,  and  changed  it  from  a 
state  of  passiveness  kin  to  indifference  to 
an  active,  interested  and  vigorous  condition. 
His  record  in  this  school  was  the  cap  sheaf 
of  his  success.  He  renuiined  at  Odon  three 
years  and  while  there  conducted  two  of  the 
most  effective  summer  normals  ever  held  in 
Daviess  County. 

In  the  year  1886  Mr.  Mattingly  was  city 
editor  of  the  Gazette  in  Washington,  and 
in   these  new   duties    displayed    the   same 


capacity  and  ingenuity  that  characterized 
his  efforts  in  other  fields. 

In  1890  Mr.  Mattingly  began  the  study 
of  law,  and  in  1892  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  before  Judge  Hefron.  In  June  of  the 
same  year  he  joined  William  Heft'ernan  as 
a  partner,  being  now  the  junior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Heff'ernan  and  Mattingly.  Mr. 
Mattiugly's  first  case  was  a  criminal  one 
before  Justice  Wallace,  of  Veele  township, 
this  county.  He  is  giving  his  time  and 
talent  to  his  profession  and  is  meeting  with 
that  success  which  his  efforts  merit. 

Mr.  Mattingly  is  an  untiring  worker  in 
behalf  of  Republican  principles,  and  was 
chosen  county  chairman  in  1892  and  again 
in  1894,  in  each  of  which  years  the  Re- 
publicans carried  Daviess  County  for  every 
one  of  their  candidates,  which  has  never 
done  before  nor  since. 

Mr.  Mattingly  was  born  in  this  county 
August  27,  1864.  His  father,  the  late  James 
Mattingly,  was  born  in  Mason  County, 
Ky.,  and  died  in  January,  1865,  at  fifty-six 
years  of  age.  The  Mattinglys  were  Eng- 
lish Catholics,  who  settled  in  the  colony  of 
Lord  Baltimore  in  1634.  They  scattered 
westward  through  West  Virginia  and  into 
Kentucky,  to  which  point  we  trace  them. 
Our  subject's  mother  was  Mary  A.,  the 
daughter  of  Beverly  Berry,  of  the  same 
locality.  Her  surviving  children  are  :  Mary, 
widow  of  T.  J.  Chapman  ;  James  W., 
Laura  C,  Elisha,  Samuel  and  Ezra. 

Mr.  Mattingly  married,  September  8, 
1892,  TiUie  E.,  daughter  of  Dr.  E.  D. 
Millis.  Their  only  living  child  is  Carrie, 
born  in  1893. 

N.  H.  Jep.son's  birth  occurred  in  Bel- 
mont County,  Ohio,  January  28,  1835. 
His  father,  John  Jepson,  and  his  mother, 
Hannah,  daughter  of  Samuel  Hunt,  w-ere 
married  m  their  native  Lancashire,Eng.,  and 
came  soon  to  the  United  States  and  resided 
for  a  time  in  Troy,  X.  Y.,  where  the  young 
husband  was  employed  in  a  woolen  mill. 
About  the  year  1833  they  came  west  and 
settled  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming.  A  few  years  later  the 
father  was  badly  crippled  while  raising  a 
barn,  and  was  in  consequence  forced  to 
give  up  the  farm  and  seek  something  to 
which  his  condition  would  admit  of  his 
giving  his  attention.  He  chose  merchau- 
dising,  was  successful  therein,  and  devoted 
the    remainder    of   his    active  life  to   that 


J7 


business,  coveriim'  a  period  fmm  1S44  to 
1S80.  He  heioiioe,!  to  no  org-anizatioii  but 
tile  Hcpuhlican  party  and  tlif"  Pivsljyterian 
C'liuivli,  and  died  in'  his  ninctv-tlurcl  year, 
in  l'M>ruarv,  ISSii.  Tli..  husi'nrss  that  he 
left  in  St.  riairsvillc,  ().,  i- still  being  con- 
durt.Ml  l,y  one  nf  his  sens.  Those  of  his 
childi'iii  niiw  living-  are:  Miss  Hannah 
JepMin  and  ( ieorge  Jepson,  on  the  old 
hdiacstead.  X.  H.  Jepson  and  Dr.  8.  L. 
.T.'|.>..n.uf  Wlierling,  W.  Ya. 

X.  II.  .lep.^.in  wasedneatcdintheseho.ds 
ot  St.  Clairsville,  ( ).,  and  upon  entering 
the  liiisinc.-.s  world  it  was  as  clerk  in  his 
f:itlii'i-"s  cstaljlishment.  Upon  deciding  to 
beeiKHi'  a  jeweler  he  placed  himself  at  the 
disposal  of  B.  K.  Quest,  of  Cadiz,  O. 
When  he  had  become  an  efficient  work- 
man he  was  employed  at  hi.s  trade  in  St. 
Clairsville  and  in  Steid)enville,  where  he 
first  went  intn  business  for  himself  On 
leaving  this  point  he  established  a  business 
at  Urbana,  O.,  and  rciiiainrd  there  till 
1870,  wdien  he  came  to  Washington.  The 
store  he  opened  here  was  mo<l(st  and  un- 
pretentious, and  was  the  nuclitius  nf  the 
large  and  handsome  establishment  he  cnin- 
ducts  to-day.  Using  the  language  of  an- 
other, his  business  has  grown  to  such  pro- 
portions that  his  stock  is  large  and  select 
as  that  of  many  firms  in  jobbing  cities,  and 
his  fame  as  a  mechanic  has  spread  to  "  the 
four  winds  "  till  it  is  necessary  to  keep  two 
men  in  his  employ  to  do  his  repair  work. 

Mr.  Jepson  enlisted  in  Co.  B,  159  O.  Y. 
I.,  in  1863  for  the  three  months'  or  100 
day  service.  His  company  was  ordered  to 
Ft.  Delaware,  wdiere  it  was  utilized  in  guard- 
ing rebel  prisoners.  He  was.  dischai-ged 
after  being  out  four  months. 

There  has  been  no  day  in  Mr.  Jepson's 
life  that  he  has  not  been  a  Republican.  His 
fii'st  vote  was  cast  for  John  C.  Freemont  for 
President,  and  he  has  voted  at  every  Presi- 
dential election  since.  His  connection  with 
the  municipal  affiiirs  of  Washington  began 
in  1876,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  Coun- 
cil and  served  four  years.  He  was  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  City  Commissioners 
for  three  years,  and  was  Secretary  of  the 
School  Board  two  years  and  its  Treasurer 
one  year.  In  these  capacities  he  displayed 
unusual  judgment  and  foresight,  exercised 
his  authority  with  perfect  fairness  and  cor- 
diality, and  fr(uu  the  necessities  of  the  case 
much  of  the  corporation  and    school  busi- 


ness was  transacted  by  him.  He  has  ever 
and  always  had  the  welfare  of  his  city 
uppermost,  and,  in  his  loyalty  to  her  institu- 
tion is  the  peer  of  any  man.  He  was  made 
chairman  of  the  C'ommittee  ou  W'avs  and 
JNIeans  at  the  most  <ritieal  time,  when  the 
negotiations  between  the  ( ).  A-  M.  Ry.  Co. 
and  tlie  city  were  pending  with  a  proba- 
bility (if  their  tiiilure,  aud  succeeded  in  rais- 
ing the  balance  of  the  money  necessary  to 
bring  the  shops  to  A^'ashington. 

]Mr.  Jepson  has  rej)eatedly  been  solicited 
by  his  friends  to  allow  them  to  use  his 
name  in  e(inne<'tion  with  the  olliiM-  of  Mayor 
of  this  eitv,  but  knowinu  that  th.'  duties  of 
the  ottiee'  would  necessarily  divorce  him 
from  his  business,  he  has  declined.  He  is 
now  representing  the  First  Ward  in  the 
Council  and  holds  tlie  imjiortant  chairmau- 
ship  of  the  ( 'ommittei'  on    I'ulilie    Schools. 

February  '>,  ISC.'i,  Mr.  .bjison  was  mar- 
ried in  Newport,  Kv,  to  Elizabeth  M.,  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Capt.  Samuel  Black,  a 
jirominent  boat  ca]itain  on  the  Ohio  river. 
He  was  a  Pennsvlvanian  and  married  Bar- 
bara Hardin,  win,  died  at  Steul.enviUe  in 
1860,  being  the  mother  of  eleven  children. 
The  Captain  died  in  Louisville  in  1890. 

^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Jepson  are  the  parents  of: 
John,  who  is  trav(ding  for  a  Newark,  X.  J. 
jeweb-v  house  on  the  Pacific  Coast  ;  Lucv, 
wife  oV  F.  L.  Cadou,  eleeti'ician  for  the 
Washington  Street  Railway,  and  Jessie. 

Mr.  Jepsiui  is  a  member  of  only  one 
fraternity,  that  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 
His  associations  are  very  largely  with 
church  work.  He  has  been  a  Deacon  in 
the  Presbyterian  Church  for  twenty-iive 
years,  and  has  been  Sabbath  School  Super- 
intendent fully  as  long. 

Thojias  J.  AxTELL,  the  managing  head 
of  both  the  gas  and  \vater  plants  of  Wash- 
ington, and  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury a  prominent  merchant  of  this  city, 
first  became  identified  with  the  business  in- 
tere>t-  nf  W'a-hington  in  the  year  1859,  at 
which  time  he  brought  in  a  stock  of  goods 
as  agent  for  a  firm  at  New  .Albany,  Ind. 
Although  young,  he  had  had  much  experi- 
ence behind  the  counter,  and  had  only  re- 
tired from  a  business  of  his  own  a  few 
months  previous  to  make  a  trip  through 
the  South  aud  to  Texas  for  the  purpose  of 
gratif^ving  a  desire  to  see  aud  know  that 
country  for  himself.  Prior  to  this  he  had 
seen,  nothing  of  the  world.     He  had  gone 


fniiu  tlie  stiuleut's  desk  into  tlir  store  at  an 
early  age,  and  as  he  grew  older  was  eon- 
fined  the  closer,  first  as  clerk  and  then  as 
proprietor,  until  he  grew  tired  of  business 
and  became  seized  with  a  desire  to  find  new 
scenes  and  meet  with  new  experiences. 
The  trip  South  fiallowed  and  was  concluded 
some  six  months  later,  when  lie  landed  at 
New  Albany  and  found  the  situation  which 
brought  him  to  this  city.  He  remained 
here  till  the  first  year  of  the  war,  when  he 
went  to  Cincinnati  and  secured  em])loy- 
ment  with  a  drug  house  as  traveling  sales- 
man, with  his  territory  limited  by  the  boun- 
daries of  the  United  States  only.  The  last 
three  vears  of  his  five  he  was  general  agent 
of  his" firm.  A.  L.  Scoville  &  Co.  The  life 
of  a  commercial  traveler  then  was  not  the 
rosv,  band-box  affair  that  it  is  now.  There 
was  only  an  occasional  railroad  then,  con- 
sequently the  i-eal  business  was  done  with 
till'  horse.  But  there  was  plenty  of  busi- 
ness t]u'n,and  men  made  even  more  money 
than  they  do  now. 

During  his  career  as  a  drummer  Islv. 
Axtell  had  married  a  Washington  lady, 
and  when  he  left  the  road  in  18(iG  he  re- 
turned to  this  point  and  engaged  in  the  dry 
goods  business  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Myers  <t  Axtell.  The  firm  was  prosper- 
ous and  popular  and  did  business  in  the 
Masonic  block  for  twenty-two  and  a  half 
vears,  when  their  stock  was  destroyed  bv 
tire. 

The  year  following  this  disaster  Mr.  Ax- 
tell purchased  an  interest  in  the  AVashing- 
t(in  gas  plant  and  was  made  its  manager. 
Four  years  later,  in  1895,  he  assumed  the 
superintendency  of  the  AV^ashiugton  water 
works  and  completed  the  first  year  of  his 
service  the  first  day  of  this  (December) 
month. 

Mr.  Axtell  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pa.,  December  3,  1835.  About 
the  year  1840  his  fiither  moved  to  Blandens- 
burg,  Ohio,  and  a  few  years  later  to  Mt. 
Vernon,  in  both  of  which  places  he  was  a 
merchant.  It  was  in  these  two  old  towns 
that  our  subject  was  schooled  in  books  and 
trained  in  business. 

The  Axtells  are  an  old  American  fliinily. 
They  settled  in  the  Keystone  state;  many 
generations  ago  and  \vere  probably  there  be- 
fore ^^'ashington's  army  fought  at  Brandy- 
wine  or  camped  at  "N'alley  Forge.  Thomas 
Axtell,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born 


in  Washington  County  that  state  morr  than 
ninety  years  ago.  His  wife,  nee  Mary  \\  cir, 
was  also  born  there.  The  foriiur  diiil  in 
Green  Countv,  Ind.,  and  the  latter  tlird  in 
this  city  in  188-.  The  children  of  this  union 
were  :  George,  a  retired  farmer  of  Bloom- 
field,  Ind.;  Dr.  A.  J.,  of  Bloomington,  Ind.; 
and  Thomas  J.  The  last  mentioned  was  mar- 
ried November  16, 1863,  to  Edna  Rodarmel, 
a  daughter  of  Samuel  A.  Rodarmel,  once 
postmaster  of  Washington,  and  of  a  ])ioneer 
family  to  this  county. 

There  have  been  Ijorn  to  Viv.  and  Mrs. 
Axtell  three  children  :  Dr.  Fdwin  B.  of 
Denver,  Col.,  who  finished  his  medical  edu- 
cation at  the  Cincinnati  Medical  College, 
located  in  Denver  and  \ti  married  to  Miss 
Grace  Coffin  ;  Frank  F."  who  is  a  graduate 
of  the  State  University  of  Indiana,  is  now 
a  civil  engineer  with  the  U.  S.  Miss.  Com- 
mission ;  and  Miss  Ella  Axtell.  All  are 
graduates  of  the  Washington  High  School. 

In  politics  Mr.  Axtell  is  a  Republican. 
He  has  served  his  city  as  councilman  and 
as  school  tru^te(■  ;  Vicing  president  of  the 
board  of  education  one  term  and  its  treas- 
urer one  term.  In  his  public  service  he 
displayed  cxcejitional  foresight  and  judg- 
ment. His  large  ex]tcrience  in  business 
made  him  familiar  with  the  needs  of  a  cor- 
l)oration  like  Washington  and  his  efforts 
were  directed  toward  securing  that  legisla- 
tion which  would  have  the  most  salutary 
effect  upon  it  and  its  institutions. 

As  a  business  man  Mr.  Axtell  is  careful, 
progressive  and  thorough.  He  was  poor 
when  he  came  to  Washington,  and  whatever 
of  this  world's  resources  he  now  jxissesses, 
have  come  through  years  of  industry  and 
frugality.  During  his  thirty  years  of  resi- 
dence in  Washington  he  has  gone  in  and 
out  among  the  people  enjoying  the  utmost 
confidence  and  the  highest  respect  of  them 
all.  His  life  has  been  of  even  tenor  with 
few  turns,  rough  corners  or  angles.  He  is 
interested  in  whatever  will  advance  Wash- 
ington or  her  people  and  gives  with  liber- 
ality to  whatever  merits  public  support. 

His  influence  is  not  only  felt  in  secular 
matters  but  in  church  matters  as  well.  He 
is  an  active  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  and  is  an  officer  in  that  body.  The 
church  is  indebted  to  him  no  little  for  its 
material  and  spiritual  status  in  Washington, 
and  his  examj)le  is  an  inspiration  to  the 
vouth  to  better  deeds  and  purer  thoughts. 


Mr.  Axtell  i.s  a  Knight  Templar. 

Arnold  J.  PAiKfEiT,  Sr.,  mcinber  of 
the  prominent  law  finn  (it  I'ailgrtt  t^-  Pad- 
gett, of  Washington,  Daviess  ( Vmnty,  has 
been  idcntitie!]  with  the  bar  of  this  county 
tiir  the  past  nineteen  years,  and  has  dis- 
phncd  that  ability    as    a    suceessfiil    jiraeti- 

lawvrrs  -t  S,,uthern  Indiana.  lie  was  born 
in  this,  Daviess  Connty,  ind.,  October  28, 
LSoo.  He  was  a  farmer's  son,  and  all  his 
early  training  was  ot  the  rural  sort.  Dur- 
ing his  eighteenth  year  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington and  was  a  student  in  the  public 
schools  till  his  oraduation  in  lS7o.  He 
had  decided  on  the  law  as  his  life-w.irk, 
and  enn.lle.l  as  a  student  in  the  law  de- 
partment at  the  State  University,  graduat- 
ing from  there  early  in  1877.  He  entered 
at  once  into  the  practice  and  soon  formed 
a  partnership  with  the  Hon.  W.  D.  Bynum, 
ex-Congressman,  which  was  terminated  in 
three  years  by  the  removal  of  Mr.  Hynum 
to  Indianapolis.  In  1880  he  was  ai)p(jinted 
Dejnity  Prosecutor  for  this  district,  and  two 
years  later  he  was  elected  to  that  office  by 
the  Democrats.  So  well  did  he  transact 
the  business  of  the  office  during  all  of  his 
conneetitiu  with  it  that  when  his  first  term 
ex])ired  he  was  re-elected  and  gave  to 
Daviess  and  Knox  <  ounties,  then  compos- 
ing the  district,  an  administration  uuex- 
celh'd  by  any  incundient  of  that  office. 

For  the  past  ten  years  Mr.  Padgett  has, 
political  1\-,  been  a  private  citizen.  His 
professional  duties  have  required  much  of 
his  time,  and  when  not  taken  up  with  those 
he  has  busied  himself  with  questions  per- 
taining to  good  government  and  good  citi- 
zenship. From  his  first  vote  down  to  1894 
he  espoused  the  -cause  of  Democracy,  but 
at  that  time  he  felt  that  that  party  was  de- 
parting from  its  time-honored  tenets  and 
clinging  to  doctrines  that  were  inimical  to 
the  interests  of  the  common  people,  and  he 
took  up  his  political  residence  in  the  Peo- 
ple's party.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Peo- 
ple's Party  National  Convention  at  St. 
Louis,  was  Chairman  of  the  Indiana  delega- 
tion, and  in  that  convention  labored  for  a 
union  of  the  "  Silver  Forcec  "  for  Bryan. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  People's  party 
State  Central  Committee  of  Indiana,  and 
aided  materially  in  bringing  about  fusion 
on  the  Presidential  question  in  1896.  He 
engaged    in    the    work    of  the    campaign. 


speaking  in  the  counties  of  his  Congres- 
sional District,  and  was  a  factor  in  ])roduc- 
ing  the  majoiitv  that  this  district  rolled  up 
for  tlie  fusion  ticket. 

Mr.  Pa.lgctt  is  a  son  of  W.  B.  Padgett, 
a  gentleman  of  Kentucky  birth  Remar- 
ried Minerva,  a  daughter  of  Wm.  Seal,  and 
our  subject  is  the  seventh  of  twelve  chil- 
dren. The  paternal  grandfather  of  our 
subject  was  Charles  Padgett,  a  farmer,  born 
in  Marvland  in  17'.)7,  and  died  in  Wash- 
ington,' Ind,,  in  IS!).-;. 

October -JS,  1,S7S,  Mr.  Padgett  married 
(illen,  a  daughter  of  James  (  'osby,  a  promi- 
nent retired  resident  ot  Washington,  and 
born  in  Kentucky. 

The  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Padgett 
are  David  H.  and  Arna  V. 

Samuel  Brown  Boyd,  editor  and  pro- 
])rietor  of  the  Daily  and  Weekly  Democrat, 
was  Ijorn  in  Yorkville,  Dearliorn  County, 
Ind.,  Maivh  14,  IS-VS,  bein;.-  a  s,,n  of  John 
and  Flizal.eth  (Miller)  Iliivd,  who  were 
natives  of  Ireland  and  Ohio,  ivspcetively. 
The  familv  numbered  nine  .-hildrcn,  five  of 
whom  are  livin-  -Anni.'M.  I'.ovd,  teacher ; 
Mrs.  John  S.  (ioshorn,  Mrs.  K.lward  John- 
son and  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  S.  B. 
Bovd,  all  of  Daviess  ( 'oiintv,  Ind.;  and 
Henrv  M.  Bovd,  contractor,  San  Antimio, 
Texa,^.  The  parents  are  dead.  The  fhther 
came  to  this  eountrv  from  Ireland  in  1827. 
Sh(n'tlv  afterwar<l  'lu'  settled  in  Dearborn 
Countv,  where  he  resided  until  1871.  He 
\vas  a  farmer  by  occni)ation,  but  served  as 
township  trustee  and  county  sheriff  re- 
spectively in  that  county  in  the  '50's.  The 
mother  was  born  in  (iiiernsey  County,  Ohio, 
in  181.S  ;  wlu'u  six  years  of  age  she  with  her 
parents  removed  to  Delaware,  their  early 
home,  wliciiee  they  came,  where  she  resided 
until  her  marriage  to  John  Boyd,  when  she 
came  with  him  to  Dearborn  County.  This 
was  their  home  until  1X71,  when  they  with 
their  tiimilv  moved  to  this  (Daviess)  ("ouuty. 
Both  died'  sli,,rtly  after  the  n^moval— tlie 
father  in  1X71  and  the  mother  in  1875. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  found  himself  entirely  depend- 
ent u])on  his  own  resources.  He  worked 
on  a  farm  in  the  summer  and  went  to  the 
country  schools  in  the  winter  until  he  suc- 
ceeded in  .securing  a  license  to  teach. 
The  winter  of  1877-8  found  him  in  his  first 
school.  He  continued  at  school  work  for 
ten    years,  teacliino:   in   country  schools  for 


four  years;  priiicijtal  nf  the  <  )(lon  sehoul 
one  year ,  in  the  Oraniniar  selioul,  AVash- 
iugton,  oue  year,  and  County  Superintend- 
ent of  schools  four  years — 1883-7.  In  the 
meantime  he  attended  sehool  two  summers 
at  Danville,  Ind. 

In  1885  he  bought  a  third  interest  in  the 
Daviess  County  Democrat;  in  1S87  this 
was  increased  to  oue-half  interest,  and  in 
connection  with  Stephen  Belding  and  B. 
F.  Strasscr,  respectivelv.  lie  published  the 
Daily  and  Weekly  I)eni..ci-at  until  1891, 
when  he  purchasetl  the  entire  plant  and  has 
been  operating  it  alone  ever  since. 

December  29,  1887,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Tillie  Scudder,  oldest 
daughter  of  Dr.  John  A. Scudder,  of  Wash- 
ington, Ind.  To  this  union  four  children 
have  been  born — one  dead  and  three  living, 
Helen,  Samuel  Brown,  Jr.,  and  John  Scud- 
der, aged  respectively,  live,  three  and  oue. 

Ho  is  a  jn-iiniincnt  mcnilicr  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic Ivlitiirial  Asxiciatinn  of  Indiana,  in 
which  he  has  .-crved  as  both  president  and 
secretary.  He  has  been  an  Odd  Fellow 
for  fifteen  years,  and  is  an  ardent  member 
of  the  Episcopal  Church. 

Harry  H.  Ckookf:,  cashier  of  the  Odon 
Exchange  liank.  of  Oihm,  Irul.,  and  oue  of 
the  tbremost  i)t  the  young  liusiness  men  of 
that  corporation,  is  tlic  business  successor 
and  theonly  s  >not  the  late  Howard  Crooke, 
the  pioneer  merchant,  man  ot  affairs  and 
benefactor  of  Odon.  The  former  was  born 
in  the  village  of  Odon,  January  18,  1867, 
ajid  as  a  boy,  youth  and  man  was  associated 
with  his  father,  was  a  student  of  his  methods, 
and  since  the  death  of  the  latter  has  stepped 
into  the  vacancy  well  equipped  for  the 
duties  incumbent  upon  him. 

Howard  Crooke  was  born  neai'  Spring- 
ville,  Lawrence  County,  Ind.,  in  1823.  He 
was  the  son  of  a  farmer.  Oily  Crooke,  in 
jjoor  circumstances,  and  when  he  had 
reached  the  age  ot  eighteen  he  had  ceased 
to  be  a  school  boy  and  was  ready  to  engage 
in  business  affairs  of  the  world.  Wine- 
]iark  Judy  was  engaged  in  commerce  with 
the  pioneer  Hat  i)oat  down  White  River, 
the  Ohio  and  the  Mississippi  to  New  Or- 
leans. It  was  this  crew  of  rugged  boat- 
men that  Howard  Crooke  joiued  in  1841 
and  got  his  first  introduction  to  business 
and  to  the  world.  He  followed  the  river 
some  four  or  five  years,  then  left  it  to  go 
on  the   road  for  the  same  employer  as  an 


agent  for  lightning  rods  and  wheat  thus. 
This  was  a  new  business  and  he  was  one  of 
the  first  nieu  to  engage  in  it.  His  exper- 
ience in  educating  the  farmer  of  that  day 
up  to  the  point  of  discovering  the  utility  of 
either  of  those  articles  was,  no  doubt,  the 
same  as  that  of  his  contemporary  salesman, 
aud  if  it  C(.uld  be  accurately  ciunpilcd  and 
published  without  color  it  would  sur])ass  in 
interest  and  ludicrousness  the  "  Hoosier 
Schoolmaster."  Mr.  Crooke  must  have 
been  a  successful  solicitor,  for  he  remained 
in  the  business  a  number  of  years  and  sold 
his  wares  all  over  Indiana  and  Kentucky. 
He  made  money  at  it  and  when  he  quit 
traveling  and  came  to  Daviess  County  he 
had  saved  enough  to  buy  a  small  farm  ad- 
joining the  hamlet  of  Odon.  This  he 
worked  a  short  time  and  sold  it  and  then 
opened  a  store  (general  stock)  with  a  Mr. 
Owen  (whom  he  soon  bought  out)  in  Odon, 
which  was  then  scarcely  more  than  a  wide 
place  in  the  road. 

Odon  must  have  l)cen  tbunded  and 
named  about  this  time  for  it  contained  only 
about  three  houses  when  Mr.  Crooke  cast 
his  lot  with  it  and  had  not  grown  amazing- 
ly when  the  war  broke  out.  But  whatever 
of  real  life  it  did  manifest  was  infused  into 
it  by  the  presence  of  this  energetic  and 
pushing  merchant.  He  Mas  the  acknowl- 
edged head  of  the  village,  was  the  active 
moving  spirit  in  directing  its  affairs  and 
supporting  its  enterprises;  was  the  advance 
agent  in  the  movement  to  get  the  E.  it  R. 
R.  R.  through  the  town  and  was  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  company  in  the  negotiations 
prejjaratory  to  the  construction  of  the 
road. 

Jlr.  Crooke  was  successful  in  all  his  mer- 
chandising ventures,  even  from  his  first, 
and  his  accumulations  were  invested  with 
wisdom  and  discretion.  He  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace  soon  after  he  became 
a  merchant,  and  while  serving  in  this  capa- 
city he  conceived  the  idea  of  reading  law 
with  a  view  to  taking  it  up  regularly  when 
he  should  retire  from  office.  This  deter- 
mination he  carried  out,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  before  Judge  Malott.  He  prac- 
ticed for  fifteen  years  with  success,  at 
the  same  time  managing  his  other  affairs, 
which  at  this  time  had  become  consider- 
able. In  company  with  (i.  T.  Mulford  he 
organized  the  Exchange  Bank  of  Odon  and 
was  its  active  head  till  his  death.     He  was 


operating  the  spoke  and  rim  foctorv  also  at 
this  time. 

In  politics  Mr.  Crooke  was  a  Kepubli- 
can.  He  was  an  intelligent  partisan,  Avas 
nominated  for  the  State  Senate  in  1884, 
bnt  was  defeated  by  the  small  margin  ol' 
thirteen  votes.  He  was  not  a  brilliant 
speaker  in  campaign  work,  but  he  was  an 
honest  and  intelligible  expounder  of  the 
principles  of  his  faith  and  was  in  demand 
on  all  occasions  requiring  a  good  sound 
sensible  talk. 

Mr.  Crooke  was  a  liberal  contributor  to 
charities.  Although  not  a  church  ciininuini- 
cant,  he  gave  financial  aid  tn  rvciy  church 
ei-ected  in  Odon.  He  never  used  lii|U(>r, 
did  not  use  pnifaiic  langiiagc,  was  chaste 
in  his  conversation,  and  c|uit  using  tobacco 
after  he  had  chewed  it  tuv  liirty  years.  His 
death  on  April  'I'K  ISH"),  was  a  public  loss. 
It  was  said  by  one  wlm  knew  him  and  his- 
tory that  in  his  death  (Jdon  had  "  lost  her 
balance  wheel. " 

]\Ir.  Crooke  married  Ann,  a  daughter  of 
Ge(iru-e  r\  Calmer,  who  bmu-lit  hi'sfamilv 

fr.iinEnu-land.      Mrs.  Ci k.' .li.Mlin  lsi)2, 

being  the  mnther  uf  the  iolluwing  .-hildren  : 
Sarah,  wife  of  J.  A.  Burrell;  Fannie  C., 
wife  of  Dr.  S.  O.  Culmer ;  Margaret  A., 
wife  of  B.  D.  Smilev ;  Harrv  H.  and  Lillie 
B.  wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Edgin,  of  Green 
Castle,  lud. 

Harry  H.  Crooke  was  educated  in  the 
Odon  schools  and  in  the  State  University  of 
Indiana.  He  came  into  the  bank  upon  its 
organization  as  assistant  cashier,  but  the 
next  year  he  was  made  its  cashier.  He  has 
other  interests  that  recjuire  much  of  his 
time,  but  as  a  banker  he  is  best  known. 
Like  his  woi'thj'  sire,  he  is  a  Republican, 
but  he  manifests  none  of  the  traits  of  the 
politician.  He  is  a  Past  Chancellor  of 
Odon  Lodge  of  K.  of  P.,  being  the  first 
man  to  be  introduced  to  the  Pythian  mys- 
teries upon  the  institution  of  his  lodge. 

December  20,  1890,  he  was  married  to 
Margaret,  daughter  of  the  late  William 
Mason,  who  moved  to  this  county  from 
his  birthplace,  Richmond,  Ky.,  twenty 
years  ago.  He  married  Mattie  Sturgeon, 
and  for  some  years  was  a  practicing  lawyer 
in  Washington. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crooke  are  the  parents  of 
Hazel,  Lela,  Mason  H.,  and  Orrin. 

C.'VPT.  ZiMRi  V.  Garten,  a  prosperous 
farmer   and   an    esteemed   citizen  of  Odon, 


Daviess  County,  is  a  representative  of  the 
industrious,  thrifty  and  honest  pioneer  of 
Southern  Indiana.  He  is  descended  from 
Elijah  Garten,  who  emigrated  to  this  coun- 
try from  Wales  with  his  jiarents  when  a 
small  boy  and  settled  in  Virginia  before 
the  Revolutionary  war  ;  afterwards  became 
a  very  devout  MethodLst  and  a  convert  of 
Wesley  and  Whitfield.  He  afterward  lived 
in  Tennessee,  Kentucky  and  Indiana.  He 
was  fi)nd  of  the  sport  of  the  forest;  in  fact 
the  wild  and  sparsely  settled  region  seemed 
in  the  fullest  accord  with  his  nature,  and 
this  ]ieculiarity  led  him  westward  with  the 
advaiK-e  guard  of  civilization.  He  died  in 
l.iawreuce  County  at  an  advanced  age.  He 
reared  four  sons,  one  of  whom,  James, 
father  of  our  subject,  came  to  Daviess 
County  in  18-54  and  died  in  1876;  two  of 
Avhoni,  Ro'.iert  and  William,  went  to  Prince- 
ton, 111.,  and  the  fiiurth,  Elijah,  settled 
about  thirty  miles  west  of  Chicago,  on  Fox 
River,  now  near  St.  Charles,  in  an  early 
day. 

James  Garten  was  born  in  Tennessee 
^lay  30,  1788,  and  reached  his  majority  in 
Kentucky.  About  the  close  of  the  war  of 
1812  he  rode  up  into  Southern  Indiana, 
purchased  land  of  the  United  States,  and 
about  the  time  the  State  was  admitted  to 
the  Union  the  Gartens  left  their  Kentucky 
home  and  settled  on  their  new  home  in 
Lawrence  County,  Ind.  It  was  in  that  lo- 
cality, and  not  long  afterward,  that  Jalnes 
met  Lydia  Gray,  whom  he  married.  Lydia's 
father,  John  Gray,  was  a  North  Carolina 
man,  aud  while  engaged  in  the  cattle  trade 
with  the  North,  as  it  was  conducted  in  an 
early  day,  "by  the  drovers,"  he  met  and  soon 
after  married  a  Pennsylvania  lady.  They 
decided  to  make  their  home  in  the  new 
western  region  north  of  the  Ohio  River, 
and  made  their  journey  hither  by  boat 
down  the  Monongahela  and  Ohio  Rivers 
to  the  nearest  point  accessible  to  Lawrence 
County,  Ind.,  and  there  lauded,  crossed 
through  the  forest  to  the  Garten  neighbor- 
hood and  stopped.  Mr.  Gray  bought  two 
quarters  of  land  there,  became  a  prominent 
and  prosperous  citizen  and  died  in  the  early 
'50's  at  the  age  of  ninety-two.  He  was, 
perhaps,  twelve  years  of  age  during  the 
last  year  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  so 
was  not  old  enough  to  take  part  in  that 
struggle  other  than  to  do  errands  for  Pa- 
triot   officers    of  the    armv,   of   which   he 


22 


dflightt'd  to  tell  liis  grandciiiklren,  who 
now  revert'  his  memorv  as  one  of  the  fathers 
dt  our  coiintrv. 

James  Garte-u  was  the  father  of  eight 
ehildren :  Lowery,  Xaucy,  Syrina,  and 
William,  the  first  four  by  his  first  wife, 
Jane,  deceased,  who  married  John  Pedigo, 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Samuel  Taylor,  resides 
near  Hutehiuson,  Kansas,  Zimri  V.  and 
James  H.,  bothot  Odon,and  oue  girl,  Mary 
Ann,  who  died  at  the  age  of  11  years. 

C'apt.  (iarten  was  a  pupil  in  the  really 
pioneer  schools  of  Indiana.  The  school- 
room was  the  rude  log  hut,  the  ])al- 
ace  of  the  frontiersman,  and  its  fur- 
nishings were  the  huge  fireplace,  the 
split-log  benches  and  the  indispensable 
hickory  persuader  that  stood  in  the  corner. 
With  these  environments  he  managed  to 
get  enough  out  of  the  old  "elementary" 
and  the  Pike's  "rethmatic"  to  enable  him  to 
compete  successfully  with  the  world  in  the 
endless  struggle  for  a  scant  but  honest 
living.  He  worked  upon  the  farm 
till  1857.  when  he  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising in  Odon,  having  come 
to  Daviess  County  and  settled  near 
that  village  in  1852.  In  18(30  he  resumed 
farming,  but  the  next  year  the  country  was 
plunged  into  civil  war  and  he  began  to 
think  sei'iously  as  to  the  part  he  should 
play  in  the  drama.  He  responded  to  the 
call  of  President  Lincoln  for  troops,  and 
in  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  91st 
Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  com- 
missioned Captiau  of  Company  "C."  The 
first  year  of  his  service  was  in  Kentucky 
among  the  Guerrillas,  the  worst  enemy  of 
regular  troops.  The  91st  went  next  into 
Georgia,  where  it  soon  came  into  contact 
with  the  enemy  in  the  open,  the  first  battle 
being  that  of  Pine  Mountain.  On  the  At- 
lanta campaign,  and  while  engaged  in  the 
famous  battle  of  Kennesaw  Mountain,  Capt. 
Garten,  tlieu  commanding  his  company, 
was  hit  with  a  musket  ball  in  the  calf  of 
his  left  leg,  ranging  downward  and  lodging 
in  his  ankle.  His  injury  was  such  as  to 
render  him  incapable  of  further  army  ser- 
vice, and  in  September,  1864,  he  was  dis- 
charged. He  carried  the  niinnie  ball  in 
his  ankle  for  four  years,  when  it  was  taken 
out  and  is  now  in  his  possession. 

Capt.  Garten  took  up  farming  on  his  re- 
turn from  the  army,  and  has  ever  since 
been  identified  with  that  pi'omiuent  industry. 


He  was  married  Januarv  1,  lS(i:>,  to  Saraii 
J.,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  D.'j.  Smith,  a  former 
Lawrence  County  man,  and  a  j)romiuent 
citi/en  of  Odon  for  thirty  years.  This 
union  resulted  in  three  children :  Lizzie, 
who  died  at  two  years  of  age,  Walter  who  is 
married  to  Lizzie  Crooke  and  has  two 
children;  and  Minnie,  wife  of  Alonzo  A. 
Lane,  who  also  has  two  children. 

Capt.  Garten  is  one  of  the  staunchest  of 
Republicans.  He  hel.ieves  in  a  strong  cent- 
ralized goNcriinicnt,  believes  in  a  dollar 
that  is  as  good  as  gcjld  the  world  over,  and 
above  all,  he  believes  in  the  suppression  of 
lawlessness  and  violence  in  any  form,  by 
national  intervention,  if  we  must,  and  with- 
out the  ability  to  do  which  we  are  not  a 
nation. 

The  only  offices  ( 'apt.  (nirten  ever  held 
were  Supervisor  of  Roads,  Township  As- 
sessor and  Captain  in  the  army,  and  before 
that.  Captain  of  Home  Guards,  and  these 
he  filled  before  the  war. 

As  a  citizen  he  has  the  confidence  of  his 
fellows.  He  is  public  spirited  and  pro- 
gressive. Xo  worthy  cause  is  denied  his  ear 
nor  passes  by  without  his  encouragement. 
His  life  has  been  one  of  even  tenor,  with 
few  turns,  angles  or  rough  corners.  He 
has  been  essentially  a  home  man,  has  allied 
liimself  with  none  of  the  popular  societies 
that  keep  men  out  at  unseemly  hours,  pre- 
ferring to  pass  his  evenings  by  his  own 
fireside.  He  is  well  preserved  for  one  born 
November  18,  1829,  and  gives  promise  of 
outliving  man's  allotted  threescore  and  ten. 

Eli.jah  Goudy,  of  Washington,  is  one 
of  the  few  of  the  "old  crowd"  of  train  men 
yet  in  active  service,  one  of  the  pioneer 
locomotive  engineers  of  the  old  O.  &  M. 
R'y  Co  ,  a  gentleman  of  the  highest  stand- 
ing in  his  trade  and  with  his  company, 
and  an  historic  character  in  the  stiidy  of 
train  service  on  the  B.  &  O. 

Mr.  Goudy  began  railroading  in  A'in- 
cennes,  Ind.,  in  1860,  in  the  capacity  of 
freight  brakeman  on  an  eastern  run.  After 
two  years  of  setting  brakes  he  decided  to 
place  him.self  in  line  for  promotion  to  en- 
gineer and  secured  the  position  of  fireman, 
his  first  engineer  being  Isaac  Apgar.  In 
two  and  a  half  years  of  this  service  he  was 
promoted  to  be  an  engineer,  and,  as  was 
the  established  custom,  was  put  into  the 
freight  service  May  4, 1869,  he  was  passed 
on  into  the  passenger  service  and   is    now 


23 


Hearing  the  completion  of  his  twenty-eiglith 
year  in  this  branch.  He,  as  well  as  the 
few  of  Ills  snrvivini;'  cunteniporaries,  have 
witnci^scd  an  era  in  railroad  iniprovenieut 
and  development  unrivaled  by  that  of  any 
other  artery  of  commerce,  and  it  may  be, 
have  seen  the  very  near  approach  to  per- 
fection in  the  art.  The  original  broad- 
gange  track,  the  engine  M'ith  hand  brake 
and  tallow  c-up,  have  ail  given  way  to  the 
modern  steel  rail,  the  universal  standard 
gauge,  the  air  brake  and  lubricator  and  the 
injector.  The  p'odding  14  to  2()  mile  speed 
is  n<i  longer  on  the  time  card,  liut  a  rate 
anywhere  from  o5  to  112  miles  an  hour 
has  the  call  and  is  within  the  scope  of  possi- 
bilities of  the  modei-n  locomotive. 

Mr.  Goudv  was  born  in  Ashland  Coun- 
ty, O.,  October  :]],  1.S42.  His  father, 
Thomas  (Joudy,  was  a  miller,  and  during 
Elijah's  boyliiKid  he  was  making  a  hand  in 
the  mill  when  he  ought  to  have  been  in 
school.  He  worked  in  a  woolen  factorv  a 
few  years,  after  leaving  the  parental  roof, 
and  being  a  lover  of  machinery,  he  applied 
for  a  place  on  the  railroad  and  was  put  to 
braking. 

Mr.Ooudv's  father  was  b,,rn  in  Pcnn- 
svlvania  in  ]s]-2.  lie  married  Catherine 
Hiser,  who  died  in  l.s;i2,  being  the  mother 
of  nine  ehihlren,  of  whom  p:iijah  is  the  fifth. 
The  other  surviving  ones  are:  Susan,  wife 
of  Wm.  Zimmerman,  of  (xrand  Kapids, 
Mich.:  Martha,  John,  of  Loui.sville,  Ky., 
and  Cassie,  wife  of  John  Temple,  of  Lan- 
caster County,  Xeb. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Jackson 
County,  Ind.,  in  September,  187(),  to  Laura 
Reno.  Their  only  child,  Efifie  ^L,  was 
born  in  1873. 

Mr.  Goudy's  time  has  been  so  occupied 
with  his  particular  line  of  work  that  he  has 
had  little  opportunity  for  social  intercourse, 
or  for  political  activity,  if  he  so  desired. 
He  has  been  a  hard  worker  all  his  life,  yet 
his  labcu's  can  not  be  said  to  have  been 
without  substantial  reward.  He  could  re- 
tire from  the  rcjad  with  ample  means  to 
jn-ovide  foi'  the  wants  of  his  household  in- 
definitely, but  his  temperament  is  such  that 
he  could  not  be  contented  in  idleness  even 
had  he  the  fortune  of  a  Vanderbilt.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  brotherhood,  but  aside 
from  this  has  no  other  fraternal  connections 
except  with  the  Ma.souic  order. 

The  Goudys  are  of  German  descent,  our 


subject's  grandfather,  Thomas  (ioudy,  l)e-  j 
ing  near  to  the  parent  stock,  and  a  Pcnn-  I 
sylvanian  by  birth. 

John  W.  McCartv,  Washington's  effi- 
cient postmaster  and  po|nilar  Democrat, 
was    born   in    Countv   Clare,  Ireland,  May  j 

17,  ISGl.    Li  im:',  his  parents  left  "Old  Ire-  ] 

land  "  for  America,  landed  at  New  York 
and  s])ent  their  hrst  two  years  in  liberty's  ] 

land  in  New  Jersey.     They  then  came  west  | 

and  cast  their  lots  with  the  people  of 
Daviess  County  for  the  next  four  years. 
The  western  fever  then  took  possession  of 
them  and  this  time  their  journey  was  ended 
at  Leavenworth,  Kan.  '  There  John  W. 
^Ic(  arty  gi-ew  up  and  was  educated 
in  the  city  schools.  He  came  back  to- 
Daviess  County  in  1.S70  and  after  further 
attendance  upon  the  parochial  schools  of 
AA'ashington  he  engaged  in  business.  He 
was  in  the  gents'  furnishing  line  at  Peters- 
burg, Ind.,"from  18,s0  to  "1884.  He  then 
opened  out  in  the  livery  business  at  the 
•same  jioint.  In  1886  he  became  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Circuit  Court 
Clerk  of  Pike  County,  but  that  was  not  a 
Democratic  year  and  he  was  defeated  at  the 
polls  as  was  the  entire  ticket.  Leaving 
Petersburg,  Mr.  .Me(  'arty  accepted  a  posi- 
tion as  bookkeeper  w  ith  his  brother  P.  R. 
]\L'Cartv,  then  merchandising  at  Vincenues. 
In  18S7  he  came  back  to  Daviess  County 
and  built  the  livery  barn  on  Third  and  Van 
Trees  Streets,  and  engaged  in  the  livery 
business  from  which  he  retiretl  when  he 
was  appointed  to  the  position  of  postmaster 
of  AVashington.  He  took  possession  of  the 
office  in  March,  1894,  and  the  admiui.stra- 
tion  of  the  affairs  of  the  office  since  he  took 
charge  has  been  honest  and  efficient.  He 
has  shown  that  same  capacity  for  conserva- 
tive and  progressive  business  that  has 
characterized  him  all  through  life.  His 
arrangement  of  the  office  for  the  public 
convenience  is  the  best  and  his  hours  for 
tin'  o]ieniiig  and  closing  of  the  windows 
are  made  to  suit  the  toiler  as  well  as  the 
merchant.  He  has  succeeded  in  having 
Washington  placed  in  the  list  of  second 
cla.ss  postoffices,  raising  it  from  a  third 
cla.ss  office  and  placing  it  in  line  entitling 
it  to  free  delivery  service.  Air.  McCarty 
has  been  an  active  worker  in  politics  since 
he  became  of  age.  In  1890  he  was  made 
Chairman  of  the  Daviess  County  Central 
Committee,  and  in  this  capacity  his  services 


were  telling',  iii<licating'  marked  ability  as 
an  organizer.  Tliis  position  he  held  again 
in  18J)2.  In  that  year,  at  the  inauguration 
of  President  Cleveland,  Mr.  McCarty  was 
eliosen  as  one  of  the  aides  from  Indiana  in 
the  inaugural  ]n-ocession. 

He  was  married  in  Washington  May  25, 
1S92,  to  Jennie,  daughter  of  the  late 
Thomas  Denver.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  MeCarty's 
children  are  C.  Walter  and  Margaret.  Mr. 
MeC-arty  is  one  of  five  children  of  Michael 
McCarty  and  wife.  They  are  P.  U.  Mc- 
Carty of  Vincennes  ;  D.  J.  McCarty  of 
Denver,  Col.;  Delia;  I]lleu,  widow  of 
Thomas  Baxter;  ^Slary,  wife  of  James 
Bradley,  all  of  Denver,  Col.;  and  the  sub- 
jeet  of  this  review.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCarty 
and  children  are  members  of  the  Cathcdic 
Church  and  number  among  the  leading 
families  of  Washington. 

Hon.  John  H.  O'Neall  was  born  in 
New  Burry,  8.  C,  October  30,  1837.  His 
parents  were  Henry  ^I.  and  Betsie  (Ed- 
mundson)  O'Xeall,  Ixith  natives  of  South 
Carolina.  The  father  was  a  son  of  Henry 
and  Mary  (Miles)  O'Neall,  also  natives  of 
the  Palmetto  State.  Henry  O'Neall  was  a 
son  of  William  O'Neall,  a  native  of 
Delaware,  and  a  grandson  of  Hugh 
O'Neall,  a  native  of  Ireland,  from 
whence  he  came  in  1730.  He  first  set- 
tled in  Delaware,  then  in  South  Caro- 
lina. Hugh  O'Neall  married  Annie  Cox, 
who  bore  him  seven  sons.  The  wife  of 
William  O'Neall  was  Mary  Frost,  and  the 
wife  of  Henry  O'Neall  was  Mary  Miles. 
Betsie  Edmundson,  the  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  a  daughter  of  John  Edmund- 
son,  and  her  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Smith. 

John  H.  O'Neall  was  deprived  of  a  father 
and  mother  at  the  age  of  six  years.  At 
their  deaths  he  and  two  sisters  younger 
than  himself  were  taken  by  their  grand- 
father, Henry  O'Neall,  and  brought  (August 
2,  1<S44,)  to  Daviess  County,  Ind.,  where  he 
iiad  settled  in  1824,  becoming  a  pioneer  of 
the  countv,  in  which  he  resided  until  his 
death,  wh'ich  occurred  in  18.52  at  the  age  of 
seventy-six  years. 

The  subject  of  this  review  is  a  Hoosier 
almost  to  the  manner  born,  for  he  was  not 
(piite  seven  years  old  when  brought  to  the 
state.  He  graduated  from  the  Indiana 
State  University  in  18(i2.  He  began  the 
study  of  law  under  guidance    of   William 


Mack,  Terre  Haute,  entered  law  depart- 
ment of  the  Michigan  State  University, 
whence  he  graduated  in  June  1864.  Im- 
mediately afterward  he  opened  a  law  office 
in  Washington,  and  in  1866  was  elected  as 
a  Democrat  to  the  Legislature  as  a  repre- 
sentative from  Daviess  County.  In  1873 
Oovernor  Hendricks  appointed  him  i)rose- 
eiiting  attorney  for  the  circuit  court,  Vin- 
eennes  circuit,  and  the  following  year  the 
peo]>le  elected  him  to  the  same  office,  which 
he  resigned  before  the  term  of  two  years 
expired.  In  1886  Mr  O'Neall  became  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  and  was 
elected.  Two  years  later  he  was  re-elected 
and  a  third  term  was  declined  two  years 
later.  He  is  a  profound  lawyer,  an  able 
advocate  and  an  esteemed  citizen.  In  1866 
Mr.  O'Neall  married  Alice  A.  Barton. 
Their  children  are  Miles  (i.,  attornev ; 
Annie  E.;  John  H.;  Hugh  F.;  Alice  M., 
and  David  ^\^ 

Hon.  a.  M.  Hardy,  ex-member  of  Con- 
gress, is  one  of  the  prominent  attorneys  and 
citizens  of  Southern  Indiana. 

Mr.  Hardy  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada, 
in  1847.  His  parents  were  William  and 
Sarah  (Merrill)  Hardy,  natives  of  Canada. 
Their  son  was  graduated  at  the  age  of 
eighteen,  from  Victoria  College,  Canada, 
and  in  1866  graduated,  in  the  law,  from 
the  University  of  Toronto,  and  then  located 
at  Natchez,  Miss.,  where  he  practiced  law 
and  edited  a  newspaper  and  Ijceamc  collector 
of  Customs  under  President  Grant.  In 
1877  Mr.  Hardy  located  in  Washington,  D. 
C,  where  he  held  a  position  in  the  law  de- 
partment of  the  pension  bureau  till  1881. 
For  some  time  thereafter  he  superintended 
the  construction  of  the  government  jiost- 
office  and  custom  house  at  Padncah,  Ky., 
and  in  1885  when  he  became  a  citizen  of 
Washington,  Ind.  In  1894  he  became  the 
Republican  candidate  for  Congress  and  was 
elected ;  became  the  candidate  of  his  party 
two  years  later  and  was  defeated. 

Ei.isiTA  Hyatt,  deceased,  was  born  in 
Mason  county,Ky., October  4, 180'J,  and  died 
at  Washington,  "ind.,  December  31,  1885. 
His  parents,  Thomas  and  Margaret  Hyatt, 
were  pioneers  of  Daviess  County,  coming  to 
the  county  in  1823,  and  their  son  was  reared 
on  the  farm.  He  made  several  fiatboat 
trips  to  New  Orleans,  and  late  in  the  thirties 
began  merchandising  in  Washington.  For 
manv  years  thereafter  Elisha  Hvatt  wasone 


of  the  most  successful  aud  pruiniueut  hnsi- 
ness  meu  of  Southern  Indiana.  He  mar- 
ried Margaret  Beaziey,  and  they  became 
the  parents  of  the  following  children  :  Eliza- 
beth, Hiram,  Lydia,  Richai-d  and  Elisha. 

Hon.  Samuel  H.  Taylor  (deceased), 
was  born  January  2-5,  1837,  in  Cumber- 
land, M.  D.,  where  he  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated. Predilection  led  him  to  the  jjrofes- 
sion  of  law.  He  began  his  professional 
career  in  his  native  town,  of  which  he  was 
postmaster  under  President  Buchanan's 
administration.  He  came  to  Washington, 
Ind.,  in  1864,  and  here  resided  and  prac- 
ticed law  till  his  death  occurred.  He  was 
an  able  lawyer  and  a  prominent  citizen. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Wash- 
ington National  Bank,  of  which  he  was 
vice  president,  cashier  and  director.  He 
was  twice  elected  Attorney  of  the  Common 
Pleas  Court,  and  in  1872  was  elected  Prose- 
cuting Attoi'ney  of  the  Vincennes  Circuit. 
He  was  delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Conventions  of  1872,  1876  and  1884.  In 
1878  he  was  elected  representative  of 
Daviess  County  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  again  elected  in  1884. 

He  was  a  leader,  a  dignified  and  courte- 
ous gentleman  and  forcible  speaker.  He 
married  Miss  Josette  E.  Johnson,  who  bore 
him  six  children,  aud  survives  him. 

Mr.  Taylor  was  appointed  National  Bank 
examiner  for  Indiana  in  June,  1885,  and 
filled  this  office  with  marked  ability. 

(^LINTON  K.  Tharp,  attorney  at  law, 
was  born  in  Marion  County,  Ky.,  October 
28,  1848,  being  a  .son  of  Callenand  Bernece 
(Rowlins)  Tharp,  both  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. 

Perry  Tharp,  Mr.  Tharp's  jiaternal  grand- 
father, was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution. 

The  subject  of  this  mention  was  reared  in 
Kentucky  and  given  a  liberal  education. 
Taking  up  the  study  of  law  he  entered  the  law 
department  of  Michigan  University  at  Ann 
Arbor  and  completed  a  two  years'  course, 
and  was  then  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Owens- 
boro,  Ky.,  where  he  practiced  till  1879, 
since  which  date  he  has  been  a  resident  at- 
torney of  Washington,  Ind.  He  is  a 
Democrat ;  an  ex-member  of  the  Kentucky 
and  Indiana  Legislatures.  He  was  State 
Senator  from  Daviess  and  Martin  Coun- 
ties one  session,  being  elected  in  1886,  and 
resigned  to  accept  the  position  as  revenue 
agent  under  Cleveland.     In   1891    he    was 


elected  Mayor  of  Washington  and  held  the 
office  one  terra. 

In  1882  Mr.  Tharp  married  P^mma  Bur- 
ton, and  unto  the  marriage  two  children  have 
been  born. 

John  Fitz-GibboNs,  M.  D.,  born  in 
Ireland  December  4,1841,  son  of  John  and 
Ellen  Fitz-Gibbons,  is  a  leading  physician 
of  Daviess  County.  His  father  was  a  phy- 
sician, and  the  son,  after  learning  to  com- 
pound took  up  the  study  of  medicine  in 
Dublin  and  became  a  graduate  in  1861. 
The  following  year  he  came  to  America  ; 
located  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  there  prac- 
ticed two  years,  and  then  located  in  Wa.sh- 
ington,  Ind.,  where  he  has  since  resided  and 
practiced  with  pleasing  success. 

In  1875  he  graduated  Ironi  the  medical 
department  of  the  Indiana  State  University. 
In  1864  he  married  in  Louisville,  Weddiiig 
Leahy,  who  died  in  1SS7,  leaving  five  chil- 
dren. The  Doctor  was  thrown  upon  his 
own  rcsoui'ces  at  the  au'c  of  sixteen  years, 
but,  uotwithstauiliui;-  the  luanv  difficulties 
he  li:i>  ciK'oiintcrcdin  life,  he'  has  accom- 
plislicil  sui'ccss,  and  long  since  has  occujticd 
a  (Icsiralilc  rank  among  the  best  jihysicians 
of  Southern  Indiana. 

Joseph  Kinnaman,  of  Odon,  Daviess 
County,  was  born  in  this  county,  less  than 
a  mile  north  of  the  little  city  he  is  now  do- 
ing business  in,  on  the  thii-d  day  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1848.  The  Kiuuamanscame  into  this 
county  in  1838,  headed  by  Peter  Kinna- 
man, the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  and 
settled  near  Odon.  Eli  Kinnaman,  father 
of  our  subject,  and  son  of  Peter  Kinnaman, 
was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Penn., 
in  1822.  His  father  left  the  "Keystone 
State  "  two  years  later  and  journeyed  west- 
ward and  took  up  his  residence  on  a  farm 
in  Stark  County,  O.  In  the  year  1838  he 
continued  his  journey  toward  the  setting 
sun  and  made  his  permanent  and  final  set- 
tlement in  Daviess  County.  Upon  his 
death  in  1873  a  part  of  the  farm  upon 
which  he  had  reared  his  family  fell  to  his 
son  Kli,  and  upon  it  he,  in  turn,  reared  his 
family  and  died  at  the  age   of  seventy-two. 

Peter  Kinnaman  was  born  in  the  State 
of  New  Jersey  and  was  the  son  of  German 
parents.  He  was  a  farmer  through  life 
and  made  his  start  to  the  west  very  early 
in  the  present  century. 

Eli  Kinnaman  was  married  in  Daviess 
County  to  Rachel  M.,  a  daughter   of  John 


Shields,  a  South  Carolinian  by  birth,  and  a 
descendant  of  the  "  witty  Irish."  Tlie 
chihlren  of  the  above  union  are;  Joseph, 
Mary,  wife  of  8.  P.  Wiuklepleek  ;  Sainuel, 
Frederick  and  Martha,  wiie  of  J.  F.  Boyd. 

Joseph  Kinnaman  had  only  such  advant- 
ages as  were  common  to  the  sons  of  farm- 
ers in  moderate  circumstances  in  his  boy- 
hood and  youth.  Like  his  ancestors,  when 
he  separated  from  the  paternal  roof  and 
began  the  "  battle  royal,"  it  was  as  a  farmer. 
In  February,  1895,  he  left  the  farm  and  en- 
gaged with  George  D.  Abraham,  of  Odoii, 
in  the  hardware  business.  He  retired  from 
that  business  at  the  end  of  one  year  and 
engaged  in  the  furniture  business  with  Mr. 
Burrell,  the  firm  being  Kinnaman  &  Bur- 
rell. 

September  30,1883,  Mr.  Kinnaman  mar- 
ried in  this  county  Ruth,  daughter  of  Hugh 
McCoy.  Their  two  children  are :  Omie 
and  Porter. 

Mr.  Kinnaman  is  one  of  the  working  Re- 
publicans of  his  township.  His  fiither  and 
grandfather  were  both  Democrats  up  to  the 
war,  but  changed  parties  upon  tlie  issues  in- 
volved in  that  struggle. 

Mr.  Kinnaman  has  all  along  manifested 
an  interest  in  and  supported  any  enterprise 
calculated  to  do  good  for  his  locality,  and 
in  all  matters  involving  the  welfare  of  Odon 
he  arrays  himself  on  the  side  of  progress. 

Socially,  Mr.  Kinnaman  is  an  agreeable 
gentleman ;  he  is  highly  regarded  by  his 
townsmen  ;  is  one  of  the  leading  Masons  of 
Odon,  having  been  a  Master  of  his  Lodge 
and  a  delegate  to  the  State  (irand  Lodge 
session  of  1881.  He  was  a  constable  of 
Madison  township  for  nine  years,  and  in 
1883  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
County  Convention. 

Hon.  Wm.  Kennedy,  of  Daviess  Coun- 
ty, was  born  at  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  Nov- 
enil)er  13,  1837.  He  is  a  sou  of  James 
and  Margaret  (McXally)  Kennedy.  His 
father  was  born  in  County  Tipperary,  Ire- 
land, and  the  mother  in  County  Longford, 
Ireland.  James  Kennedy  was  a  son  of 
Patrick  and  Margaret  (Cummings)  Ken- 
nedy, who  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  the 
United  States  and  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
where  the  mother  died.  The  father  subse- 
quently moved  with  his  son  James  to 
Daviess  County.  Ind.,  where  the  remainder 
of  his  days  was  spent.  His  children  num- 
bered   five,    as    follows:     Edward,    John, 


Thomas,  Haunaii  and  .lames.  The  last 
named  was  his  oldest,  and  was  a  lad  when 
his  parents  came  to  this  country.  He  be- 
came a  citizen  of  Daviess  County  in  1838. 
He  located  on  a  farm  in  Barr  Township 
where  he  resided  till  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  April,  1875).  His  wife  preceded 
him  in  death  in  March  of  1867.  He  was 
the  father  of  eight  children,  viz  :  John, 
Ellen,  Mary  A.,  Catherine,  James,  Mar- 
garet, Edward  P.  and  ^Yilliam.  Tlie  last 
named  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  in  tiie 
main  farming  has  been  his  life  pursuit.  He 
first  attended  the  country  school  and  later 
completed  a  high  school  education  at  Mit- 
chell, Ind.  For  ten  years  thereafter  Mr. 
Kennedy  was  engaged  in  school  teaching 
together  with  farming.  February  26,  1867, 
he  married  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  William 
and  Mary  (Graves)  Beckett.  She  died  in 
July  1874,  leaving  the  following  children  : 
Anna  M.,  Charles  K.,  deceased,  and 
Albert  F. 

April  2!*,  1878,  Mr.  Kennedy  married 
the  second  time,  wedding  Ida  M.,  daughter 
of  James  H.  and  Nancy  J.  (Myers)  Smith. 
She  was  born  in  Martin  County  July  2, 
1857.  She  has  borne  him  the  following 
children  :  Alice  A.,  deceased,  Helen  C, 
James  W.,  Frederick  W.,  John  N.,  Paul 
A.,  Bernard  C,  Alice  L.  and  Ada  J.  Mr. 
Kennedy  and  family  are  members  of  the 
Catholic  Church,  and  himself  a  member  of 
the  Catholic  Knights  of  America.  In  1870 
he  was  elected  Treasurer  of  Daviess  Coun- 
ty and  was  re-elected  in  1872.  In  1890  he 
was  elected  State  Senator  for  a  term  of 
four  years. 

William  H.  Sanford,  County  Assessor 
of  Daviess  County,  and  a  member  of  the 
real  estate  firm  of  Dosch  tV:  Sanford,  is 
favorably  known  among  the  business  men 
of  Washington  and  vicinity  He  has  gone 
in  and  out  among  them  in  his  every  day 
transactions  both  as  boy  and  man  and  no 
man  has  yet  uttered  aught  against  him. 
He  was  born  in  this  county  November  27, 
1859,  and  grew  up  two  miles  east  of  Wash- 
ington on  a  farm.  He  received  sufficient 
education  in  the  .schools  of  his  district,  and 
in  the  Washington  High  School,  having 
graduated  from  there  in  1880,  to  equip 
him  for  ordinary  business,  and  at  twenty- 
two  he  came  to  Washington  and  entered 
the  employ  of  Cable  ct  Kauifman  as  weigh- 
master  at  their  mines.     In    1885    he    was. 


elfcted  Citv  Clerk  to  till  the  unexpired 
term  of  Georo-e  Sigiior.  In  1S88  he  was 
a])])ointed  Dei)iity  C'duntv  Treasurer  by  J. 
B.  Smith  and  served  four  yt'ars.  He  was 
then  appoiuted  Deputy  County  Ee(!order 
by  Johu  Dosch  and  served  two  years.  In 
May,  1895,  he  engaged  iu  the  real  estate 
business,  including  loans  and  insurance,  as 
a  nicml)cr  of  the  present  firm.  He  is  an 
active  Democrat  and  was  elected  County 
Assessor  in  November,  1896,  defeating  his 
opponent  by  581  votes  and  being  the  second 
highest  majority  received  by  Democratic 
candidates. 

The  Sanfords  are  among  the  pioneers  of 
Daviess  County.  Our  subject's  grandfather, 
Hamletz  Sanford,  was  the  first  of  them  in 
the  county,  and  he  came  from  Mason  Coun- 
ty, Ky.,  about  seventy  years  ago.  He 
married  Ann  Clark.  The  Clarks  were 
English  people  and  went  into  Kentucky 
from  Orange  County,  Va. 

J.  C.  Sauford,  father  of  William  H., 
married  Hannah  Eads.  Their  children  are 
Lucy,  wife  of  J.  B.  Hale  of  Roca,  Neb.; 
R.  R.  Sauford,  of  New  Orleans,  La.;  Rev. 
E.  E.  of  ^lartinville,  Ind.;  Mary  ;  Janie , 
William  H.;  Josie  ;  Pierce,  and  John,  de- 
ceased. 

Elijah  Eads,  our  subject's  maternal 
grandfather,  was  also  one  of  the  first  to 
settle  in  Daviess  County,  and  was  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  many  years.  He  was  a 
gentleman  of  high  repute,  as  was  Hamlet 
Sauford,  and  both  were  successful  farmers. 

William  H.  Sanford  was  married  October 
6,  1887,  to  Rose  E.,  daughter  of  Peter 
Bereus.  Their  three  children  are  Joseph 
B.,  Eugene  and  Mary. 

Mr.  Sanford  is  a  high  Odd  Fellow,  hav- 
ing received  all  the  degrees  that  can  be 
conferred,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Grand 
Lodge. 

George  D.  Abraham,  the  leading  hard- 
ware merchant  of  Odon,  Ind.,  and  well 
known  throughout  Daviess  and  ^Martin 
Counties  as  a  sound  and  conservative  busi- 
ness man,  first  entered  the  little  village  of 
Odon  in  1866,  just  out  of  the  army  and  a 
journeyman  wagon  maker  in  .search  of  em- 
ployment. His  uncle,  John  Ransom,  who 
put  up  the  fir.st  wagon  shop  in  town,  gave 
him  work,  and  for  the  next  four  years  he 
was  so  employed.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Ran- 
som at  that  time  as  proprietor  of  the  shop 
and  conducted  it  till  1881,  when  he  had  ac- 


Slimp  and  B.  D.  Smiley  as  his  partners,  the 
firm  being  Abraham  &  Co.     This  firm  did 


cumulated  sufficient  funds  to  engage  in 
merchandising,  and  together  with  Howard 
Crooke  engaged  in  the  hardware  business. 
He  succeeded  to  the  full  ownership  of  the 
business  in  a  short  time,  and  conducted  it 
successfully  till  1888,  when  he  sold  his 
stock  and  went  to  Elnora  and  engaged  in 
the  general  store  l)usine:s,  building  the  first 
store  theiv  after  the  udvcut  of  the  railroad, 
and  wliere  he  still  maintains  a  business, 
purely  hard>vare.  He  returned  to  Odon 
and  built  the  first  brick  store  in  the  town 
and  opened  a  general  store  with  T.  D. 
'  "  '^  '  liley  as  his  pa 
1  &  Co.  Thi 
business  for  two  years  and  was  succeeded 
by  John  Haig  &  Son.  Crooke  and  Abra- 
ham then  opened  a  dry  goods  establishment 
here  at  Odon,  and  at  the  end  of  the  year  B. 
D.  Smiley  purchased  the  interest  of  Mr. 
Crooke,  and  at  the  end  of  the  next  year 
Mr.  Abraham  sold  his  interest  to  Wm. 
Danner. 

Mr.  Abraham  was  appointed  County  As- 
sessor, being  the  first  person  to  fill  that 
office,  and  when  his  time  expired  in  the 
fall  of  1892  he  again  became  a  merchant  at 
Odon.  In  1895  he  sold  an  interest  to  Jos- 
eph Ivinnaman  in  his  present  hardware 
business,  but  bought  him  out  again  the  next 
year  and  is  now  the  sole  owner  of  the  stock. 
From  1893  to  1895  he  was  a  partner  with 
a  Mr.  McCoy  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business 
at  this  point,  and  they  were  succeeded  by 
James  H.  Garten. 

When  Mr.  Abraham  came  to  Odon  it  was 
a  small  hamlet  of  perhaps  150  people.  The 
only  merchants  in  it  were  Correll  &  Son 
and  Crooke  &  Smith. 

The  only  church  in  town  served  both  for 
church  and  school.  Rev.  Littell,  who  had 
a  store  near  the  village,  sold  goods  six  days 
in  the  week  and  preached  salvation  to  the 
people  of  Odon  on  Sunday.  Clem  Correll 
was  then  the  Postmaster  and  the  mail  was 
brought  in  on  hoi'seback. 

When  George  Abraham  struck  Odon  he 
had  $5  in  money  and  a  horse.  While  this 
was  his  actual  capital,  upon  which  alone  he 
could  receive  credit,  his  other  and  more 
valuable  stock  in  trade  to  him  was  his  ex- 
perience. He  had  served  three  years  in 
the  army  and  had  seen  the  "  struggle  "  from 
the  standpoint  of  an  actual  participant,  and 
this,  together  with  his  natural  turn,  had 
given  him  an  independence  and  a  confidence 


28 


not  common  to  all.  He  has  passed  tlirongh 
the  crisis  and  panics  and  years  of  disaster 
and  has  come  out  of  it  all  with  an  accumu- 
lation sufficient  for  his  wants  when  he  shall 
liave  i-etired  from  business.  He  has  erected 
two  fine  brick  store  rooms  in  Odon  recent- 
ly ;  he  owns  other  property  in  the  town  and 
a  good  farm  near  by. 

Mr.  Abraham  was  born  in  East  Liver- 
pool, O.,  October  16,  1844.  He  had  no 
schooling,  and  even  learned  to  write  while 
in  the  army.  He  enlisted  in  Coni]«ny  1, 
(35th  Indiana  Volunteers,  and  August  1, 
1862,  went  to  Henderson,  Ky.,  and  spent 
the  next  eleven  months  The  regiment 
was  then  ordered  to  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and 
participated  in  that  niemorable  siege.  In 
the  spring  of  1863  his  command  joined 
Sherman's  army  at  Daltou,  (Ja.,  and  was 
with  him  through  all  his  campaign  about 
Atlanta,  and  when  that  city  had  surrendered 
the  65th  was  sent  back  with  Gen.  Scofield 
to  look  after  Hood  in  Tennessee.  They 
encountered  him  at  Franklin  and  at  Xash- 
ville,  whipping  him  at  the  former  place 
and  destroying  his  army  at  the  latter.  The 
65th,  with  other  troops,  was  sent  east  to  Ft. 
Fisher,  N.  C,  joined  Terry  and  aided  in  the 
capture  of  Wilmington  and  met  (ien.  Sher- 
man at  Goldsboro  and  was  with  him  at  the 
surrender  of  Gen.  Johnston  at  (ireens- 
burg. 

Mr.  Abraham  was  mustered  out  of  service 
June  22,  1865. 

Mr.  Abraham  is  a  son  of  Daniel  Abra- 
ham, born  in  Jefferson  County,  O.,  in  1814. 
He  married  Elizabeth  Ransom,  a  daughter 
of  Abida  Ransom,  of  Trumbull  County,  O., 
but  born  in  Vermont. 

John  Abraham,  the  grandfather  of  George 
D.,  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County, 
Penn.  DanieT  Abraham  came  to  Indiana 
in  1853  and  .settled  in  Green  County.  He 
moved  to  Daviess  County  in  1859,  and  re- 
sided till  1871,  when  he  moved  to  Elk 
Falls,  Kan.,  and  there  died  in  1875.  His 
children  were  :  (Jeorge  D.,  Mary  E.,  wife 
of  John!'.  Eddy,  of  Chanute,  Kan.,  and 
two  others  now  deceased. 

George  D.  Abraham  was  first  married 
December  22,  1869,  his  wife  being  Eranui, 
daughter  of  J.  V.  Smith,  the  veteran  new.s- 
paper  man  of  Odon.  Mrs.  Abraham  died 
in  1874,  leaving  one  child,  Cora.  In  the 
fall  of  1875  Mr.  Abraham  married  Adaline, 
daughter  of  Joseph  Blough.     She  died  July 


23,  1S92,  ieavino-:     Nora,  Daniel,  Wilmer, 
Mabel  aud  Waldon. 

Mr.  Abraham  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Republican  party  in  his  township.  He  is 
decidedly  a  man  full  of  energy  and  endur- 
ance, and  the  motto  he  seems  to  have  fol- 
lowed through  life  is,  "  make  hay  while  the 
sun  shines." 

Rev.  John  McCabe,  pastor  of  St. 
Mary's  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  Daviess 
County,  near  Loogootee,  Ind.,  was  born  in 
Covington,  Ky.,  December  8,  1854.  He  is 
a  son  of  ^liciiael  and  Mary  (Byrne)  ]\Ic- 
Cabe,  who  were  born  in  Ireland,  and  who 
came  to  the  United  States  about  1852,  and 
were  married  in  Covington,  Kentucky. 
They  subsequently  moved  to  Aurora,  Ind., 
where  the  father  died.  The  mother  sur- 
vives and  makes  her  home  with  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  These  parents  had  seven 
children,  viz:  Mary  J.,  Ellen,  Catherine, 
Michael,  Rev.  Dennis  of  Indianapolis, 
Margaret  and  John.  The  last  named  was 
the  oldest  of  the  group.  He  was  educated 
at  St.  Joseph  College  at  Bardstown,  Ky., 
and  at  St.  Meinrad's  College,  Spencer  Coun- 
ty, Ind.  He  was  ordained  priest  February 
2,  1878,  by  ArchbLshop  Purcell,  and  was 
immediately  given  charge  of  St  John's 
Church  in  Warrick  County,  Ind.,  with  mis- 
sions at  Boonville  and  Newburgh.  One 
year  later  he  was  transferred  to  St.  Ann's 
Church  at  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  Here  he  re- 
mained until  July  3,  1885,  at  which  date 
he  became  pastor  of  St.  Ann's  Church  at 
New  Castle,  Ind.,  with  a  mission  at  St. 
Rose  Church  of  Knightstown.  Here  he 
remained  until  February  1,  1896,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  his  present  charge.  The 
church  over  which  he  now  presides  has  a 
membership  of  about  130  families,  and  is 
in  a  prosperous  condition  under  the  efficient 
management  of  Rev.  McCabe. 

Andrew  J.  Cunningha.\[,  of  Barr 
Township,  Daviess  County,  was  born  in 
this  county  April  30,  1853,  and  is  a  son  of 
Michael  and  Julia  A.  (Shirclifl")  Cunning- 
ham. His  father  was  born  in  Ireland,  and 
in  early  lite  emigrated  to  the  United  States. 
He  was  a  .sailor,  and  after  coming  to  this 
country  followed  steamboating  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
then  came  to  Daviess  County,  married  and 
settled  down  in  life  on  a  farm  in  Barr 
Townshi]),  where  he  had  previously  entered 
land.      In    1879,  he  purchased   near    IjOO- 


29 


gootcc,  Ind.,  a  farm  upon  whicli  he  removed 
and  resided  until  his  death,  whicli  occurred 
June  20,  1887.  His  widow  survives  him 
and  resides  on  the  above  farm.  These  par- 
ents had  eleven  children,  viz  :  Mary,  John, 
deceased,  Elvira,  deceased,  Patrick  J.,  Ber- 
nard, deceased,  Andrew  J.,  Eliza  A.,  Louis 
F.,  Michael  P.,  John  E.  and  Francis  J. 

Andrew  J.  Cunningham  was  reared  to 
farming,  a  pursuit  he  has  always  followed. 
He  Mas  married  in  Daviess  County  May  5, 
1874,  to  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  William  B. 
and  Minerva  J.  (Beal)  Padgett.  Mrs. 
Cunningham  was  born  in  Daviess  County, 
Ind.,  February  16,  1868.  She  has  borne 
her  husband  the  following  children  :  Flor- 
ence A.  born  July  12,  1875,  married  Wil- 
liam Madden  Januarv  23,  1894,  and  died 
November  9,  1895;  Charles  B.  born  Octo- 
ber 15,  1877,  Martha  E.  born  June  10, 
1879,  Leo  W.  born  March  25,  1881,  Anna 
E.  born  October  25,  1885,  Andrew,  born 
January  31,  1888,  William  A.  born  Decem- 
ber 9,  1889,  Marv  A.  born  August  2,  1891, 
Alice  B.  born  May  27,  1893. 

Mr.  Cunningham  is  a  successful  and  prac- 
tical farmer,  and  is  the  possessor  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  fine  land. 

Rev.  Joseph  P.  Matthews,  pastor  of 
yt.  Michael's  Church  at  Trainor,  Daviess 
County,  Ind.,  is  a  native  of  this  county, 
born  October  30,  1859.  His  father,  Mich- 
ael Matthews,  was  a  native  of  County 
Langford,  Ireland.  He  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  and  first  settled  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  where  he  married  Ellen  Owen  and 
subsequently  located  in  Madison,  Ind., 
whence  he  came  to  Daviess  County  in  1867 
and  settled  on  land  in  Barr  Township.  He 
died  here  May  20,  1874.  His  wife  died 
April  3,  1896.  They  had  nine  children, 
Owen,  Margaret,  deceased,  James,  Mary  E., 
deceased,  Edward,  Ann,  Michael  P.,  John 
and  Joseph  P. 

Kev.  Matthews  received  a  good  common 
schddl  educatinii  and  at  tile  ago  of  fourteen 
began  studying  for  the  ministry.  In  1873 
he  entered  St.  Meinrad's  College  in  Spencer 
County,  Ind.,  where  he  spent  three  years 
and  then  attended  St.  Joseph's,  Bardstown, 
Ky.,  completing  a  course  there  in  1881. 
In  1884  he  completed  the  course  of  studies 
in  the  Ecclesiastical  Seminary  at  Louisville, 
and  on  the  tenth  day  of  June  the  same 
year  he  was  ordained  priest  by  Rt.  Rev. 
INIcCloskey,   Ordinary    of   the    Diocese    of 


Louisville.  Rev.  Matthews  was  then  sent 
to  Indianapolis  where  he  remained  two 
years,  serving  as  assistant  pastor  of  St. 
Patrick's  Church.  For  two  years  there- 
after he  was  assistant  pastor  of  the  Holy 
Trinity  Church  at  New  Albany,  Ind.  He 
then  came  to  Daviess  County  and  organized 
the  church  over  which  he  now  presides,  and 
erected  a  beautiful  church  building.  He 
also  has  a  mission  in  Martin  County. 

Father  Matthews,  although  a  young 
man,  has  done  much  good  and  effectual 
work  for  his  church.  St.  Michael's  Church 
with  its  membership  of  sixty-five  families 
is  one  of  the  fruits  of  his  labors. 

W.  L.  Stoy  of  Odon,  Daviess  County, 
owner  and  proprietor  of  the  famous  '"Stoy's 
Inn,"  one  of  the  finest  little  hotels  in  South- 
ern Indiana,  the  leading  druggist  of  Odon 
and  altogether  one  of  the  central  figures  of 
that  small  city,  was  born  in  Tuscarawas 
County,  O.  The  next  year  his  father  em- 
igrated westward  and  settled  on  a  farm  near 
Odon  and  died  there  in  1873.  He  was  a 
gentleman  in  moderate  circumstances,  and 
his  wife,  who  survives  hiai  and  is  now  past 
seventy,  there  were  born  the  following 
children:  A.  F.  Stoy,  one  of  the  leading 
and  wealthy  farmers  of  Daviess  County,  an 
old  soldier  and  altogether  a  self-made  man. 
Catherine  and  W.  L.  Stoy,  the  subject  of 
this  review. 

John  Stoy,  our  subject's  father  was  de- 
scended from  French  stock,  was  born  in 
the  same  county  as  his  children,  and  was  a 
son  of  Ohio  pioneers.  His  wife's  parents 
were  Pennsylvanians. 

W.  L.  Stoy  did  not  pass  beyond  the  com- 
mon schools  in  his  effort  to  secure  an  edu- 
cation, and  in  beginning  business  he  entered 
the  drug  store  of  D.  J.  Smith  of  Odon  as  a 
clerk  and  at  the  same  time -took  up  the 
study  of  pharmacy,  as  was  necessary  to  be- 
come an  efficient  and  reliable  druggist. 
He  took  a  course  in  pharmacy  at  Valpa- 
raiso, Ind.,  and  in  the  year  1882,  engaged 
in  the  drug  business  alone.  His  first  be- 
ginning was  in  rather  a  small  way.  He 
had  the  more  essential  thing  than  money ; 
he  had  energy  and  push  and  system  and 
all  these  things  he  applied  to  his  business, 
and  of  course  he  succeeded.  Out  of  this 
small  beginning  in  scarce  more  than  a  dozen 
years  has  come  his  business  property,  the 
Odon  livery  barn,  Stoy's  Inn  and  other 
property  about   town.     The    Inn  is  a  two- 


stoi'v  brick,  with  twenty-one  roomt<,  water 
works,  sewage  auil  furnace  heat,  and  is  the 
one  building  in  the  town  that  the  people  of 
Odon  are  especially  proud  of.  Mr.  Stoy 
is  also  proprietoi'  of  the  Opera  House  at 
Odon. 

In  point  of  jnililic  spirit  and  progress,  W. 
L.  Stoy  is  in  advance  of  the  procession. 
He  was  a  potent  factor  in  the  movement 
to  incorporate  the  town  of  Odon  and  was  on 
the  first  Board  of  Trustees.  He  never  dis- 
courages an  enterprise  that  possesses  any 
merit,  but  puts  iiis  hand  in  his  pocket,  if 
necessary,  and  gives  it  tinancial  as  well  as 
moral  support.  He  is  a  gentleman  of 
superior  judgment  and  tine  business  sense. 
He  lias  a  system  to  follow  in  all  his  busi- 
ness and  knows  at  the  end  of  each  day 
whether  lie  has  made  or  lost  money. 

In  politics  the  Stoys  are  Republicans. 
Are  ardent  in  behalf  of  their  party  and  its 
candidates,  and  although  politics  as  a  busi- 
ness is  entirely  foreign  to  them,  they  are 
fair  manipulators  when  a  point  must  be 
carried  and  are  not  infrequently  found  on 
the  winning  side. 

Elijah  8.  Pershing,  the  recently 
retircil  Assessor  of  Daviess  County,  antl 
a  rt'sidciii  (it  Klnora,  was  born  in  Tus- 
carawas Cniinty,  ().,  February  2,  1827.  He 
was  brought  into  Daviess  County,  Ind.,  at 
the  age  of  15  years.  His  fother,  Solomon 
Pershing,  now  a  resident  of  Einora,  settled 
on  a  farm  and  amid  the  purest  and  most 
healthful  surroundings,  he  reared  his  fami- 
ly to  become  strong  and  useful  men  and 
women. 

The  Pershings  are  believed  to  be  oi 
Swedish  and    German    descent.     Christian 


Pershing  was  our  subject's  grandfather,  and 
his  wife  was  Mary  Buzzard.  Their  son, 
Solomon,  was  born  seventy-three  years  ago. 
He  married  Magdalene  Pesler,  whose 
father,  David  Pesler,  was  a  minister  of  the 
gospel  and  the  father  of  a  Westmoreland 
County,  Peun.,  farmer.  The  children  of  this 
union  were  ;  E.  S.,  Rachel,  Susan,  Mary, 
Wm.  A.,  Jacob  W.,  David  M.,  Harvey, 
Elmer  and  Malinda. 

Elijah  S.  Pershing  obtained  the  educa- 
tion of  his  boyhood  in  the  schools  of  Canal 
Dover,  New  Philadelphia  and  at  Regles- 
ville,  O.,  completing  his  career  as  a  student 
in  an  academy  in  Washington.  He  began 
life  as  a  teacher  in  this,  Daviess  County, 
and  followed  the  ]irofcssion  successfully  for 
eighteen  years  coutiiuKiusly.  He  gave  it 
up  in  1892  when  he  was  elected  to  the  of- 
fice of  County  Assessor.  He  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  this  office  immediately  after 
his  election.  Justly,  honestly  and  with 
great  efficiency,  he  administered  the  affairs 
of  this  office  for  four  years  and  retired  from 
it  with  the  appreciation  and  the  gratitude 
of  a  well-served  public. 

Mr.  Pershing  was  married  in  Daviess 
County,  November  9,  1868,  to  Sarah, 
daughter  of  George  Winklepleck.  She 
died  June  6,  1891,  leaving  the  following- 
children  :  Isabel,  wife  of  Levi  Neiswandcr, 
of  Browu  County,  Kan.;  Eva  J.,  wife  of  C. 
Edmonson,  of  Daviess  County  ;  J.  E., 
Charles  A.,  George  R.,  John  D.  and  Su- 
san E. 

June  4,  1893,  Mr.  Pershing  married 
again,  wedding  Ida  M.  Litherland. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pvthias  and  Red  iSIen  fraternal  orders. 


MARTIN  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHIES. 


S.  p.  Yknxk,  ex-sheriff  of  Martin  Coun- 
ty, and  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  Shoals, 
is  all  but  a  native  of  the  county  iu  which 
he  now  lives.  He  was  brought  here  by 
his  father  the  year  of  his  birth  and  is  noth- 
ing if  not  a  Hoosier.  He  was  born  in 
Carroll  County,  O.,  January  25,  ]8o3.  His 
father  was  the  late  (ieorge  Yeuue,  who  set- 
tled in  the  woods  one-and-a-half  miles  south 
of  Shoals  and   began  the   slow    process  of 


hewitig  out  a  home  tiir  his  timiily.  He  was 
interruiited  in  this  by  what  he  felt  a  nec- 
essity, from  motives  of  patriotism,  by  his 
enlistment  in  the  army  in  18()2.  Joining 
Company  A,  17th  Ind. Vol.  Inf  as  a  private. 
He  was  soon  promoted  to  be  foreman  of 
repairs  of  his  train  and  it  was  while  serv- 
ing in  this  capacity  that  he  died  at  Mur- 
freesboro,  Tenn.,  April  14,  18(33.  He 
married  Sarah,  a  daughter  of  William  Al- 


baugh,  of  Carroll  County,  ().,  and  to  iier, 
who  ijtill  survives,  has  fallen  the  responsibi- 
lity of  rearing  and  training  her  large  fam- 
ily to  become  honorable  and  useful  citizens. 
She  is  now  past  seventy-five  and  is  ])artieu- 
hirlv  spry  for  one  who  has  endured  the 
hardships  and  trials  of  a  soldier's  widow. 
Her  children  are  Sabiua,  the  wife  of  L.  C. 
Fish  of  this  county ;  J.  W.,  a  stockman 
and  farmer  of  Perkins  County,  Xeb.;  Mary 
C,  wife  of  James  Williams  of  this  county; 
8.  P.;  J.  A.,  a  merchant  of  Perkins  Coun- 
ty, Neb.;  E.  P.,  who  died  in  February, 
1892;  Dr.  Oharles  H.,  of  Washington, 
Ind.,  and  Jennie,  wife  of  Thomas  Acre  of 
this  county. 

The  Yenues  are  descended  from  the 
sturdy  Cermans  and  are  the  grand  children 
of  John  George  Yenne,  a  German  who 
settled  first  in  Pennsylvania,  moved  to 
Ohio,  and  finally  came  to  Martin  County, 
and  here  died  in  1864  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
four. 

"  Pete"  Yenne,  as  he  is  most  familiarly 
addressed,  remained  with  his  mother  on 
the  farm  till  the  age  <jf  thirteen  when  he 
secured  employment  as  bailer  in  a  shingle 
mill.  In  two  years  he  became  a  cutter  and 
remained  in  the  business  till  the  year  1877. 
He  was  as  proficient  in  this  as  he  has  dem- 
onstrated hiiiis(df  to  be  in  all  his  under- 
takings, having  made  a  record  of  40,000 
shingles  a  day,  and  when  he  retii-ed  from 
it  it  was  to  take  up  a  new  line.  He  en- 
tered the  store  of  Capt.  E.  M.  White  and 
clerked  for  him  and  his  successor  till  1880 
when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Corne- 
lius Hill  for  the  same  business,  and  were 
together  one-and-a-half  years  when  Mr. 
Peek  succeeded  Mr.  Hill,  and  the  firm  of 
Yenne  &  Peek  was  succeeded  in  turn  in 
another  year  and  a  half  by  the  retirement 
of  Mr.  Peek  and  the  accession  of  J.  A. 
Yenne.  The  next  year  the  brothers  sold 
the  business  to  Tavener  &  Davis,  but  some 
time  later  the  stock  was  resold  to  8.  P. 
Y'enne  and  he  resumed  charge  of  it.  He 
owned  it  till  1889  when  he  sold  out  and 
engaged  in  the  livery  business  and  is  now 
the  veteran  and  the  only  liveryman,  except 
his  partner,  in  8hoals. 

For  some  time  prior  to  last  spring  Shoals 
was  without  first  class  hotel  accommoda- 
tions, with  the  result  that  every  commer- 
cial man  made  it  convenient,  when  at  all 
possible,  to  do   business  here  and  pay   his 


hotel  bills  in  some  other  town.  This  con- 
dition was  greatly  to  be  regretted  and  was 
only  to  be  averted  by  some  energetic  action 
on  the  part  of  some  progressive  citizen  of 
this  town.  Mr.  Yenne  saw  the  opportun- 
ity, believed  he  understood  the  needs  of 
the  "  Knights  of  the  grip,"  purciiased  the 
Commercial  House  property,  refitted  and 
refurnislicd  it  and  is  realizing  his  hopes  from 
his  investment  and  at  the  same  time  con- 
ducting what  the  town  most  needs,  a  popu- 
lar hotel. 

■'  Pete  "  Yenne  is  notorious  for  his  in- 
tense Republicanism.  It  seems  natural  for 
him  to  be  engaged  in  some  political  contest. 
He  has  done  it  all  his  life  in  behalf  of  his 
party,  and  with  the  continuance  of  existing 
conditions  it  is  safe  to  say  he  always  will. 
He  has  all  the  cjualifications  for  the  success- 
ful but  legitimate  manipulator.  His  wide 
acquaintance,  his  cordial  manner  and  his 
sincerity  of  purpose  render  him  one  of  the 
most  formidable  competitors  for  votes  in 
this  county. 

He  was  the  nominee  of  his  party  for 
Sheriff  in  1884  against  Democratic  odds  of 
340  and  was  defeated  by  only  twenty-one 
votes.  Two  years  later  he  was  nominated 
by  acclamation  for  the  same  office,  and  in 
spite  of  the  declaration  of  his  opponent 
that  "  he  would  beat  him  if  it  cost  him 
$3,000."  Mr.  Y'enne  was  elected  by  over 
200  votes.  He  was  a  candidate  to  succeed 
himself  in  1888,  but  was  defeated  by 
twenty-six  votes. 

Mr.  Yenne  made  a  popular  and  ex- 
emplary officer.  He  executed  all  mandates 
of  the  court  with  absolute  fidelity  and  was 
a  careful  and  conservative  official.  During 
his  term  of  service  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant murder  cases  of  this  county  was 
tried.  In  1863,  Jack  Ballard,  a  union 
soldier,  from  this  county  returned  home  to 
take  back  to  the  army  Allen  Anderson,  a 
friend  of  his  who  had  deserted  and  was 
known  to  be  in  the  neighborhood.  He  had 
decided  not  to  go  back  to  the  army  without 
resistance  and  advised  with  some  of  his 
copperhead  friends  as  to  the  best  means  of 
disposing  of  their  neighbor  when  he  should 
undertake  to  execute  the  orders  of  his  gov- 
ernment. It  was  decided  that  he  should  be 
killed  and  parties  were  stationed  on  the 
different  roads  leading  to  the  house  of  the 
deserter.  One  morning  before  breakfast 
Jack  P>allard  told  his   wife  that  ho   would 


32 


run  over  and  tell  lii.s  prospective  prisoner 
to  get  ready  to  go  back  with  him  at  siieii  a 
date  and  would  be  right  back.  But  he 
never  came  and  wlien  she  next  saw  him  he 
was  dead  in  the  road  literally  shot  to  pieces. 
Thirty  years  afterward  family  trouble  arose 
between  some  of  those  implicated  in  the 
murder  and  one  of  them,  Albert  Quaken- 
bush,  turned  states  evidence.  This  result- 
ed in  tiie  arrest  of  J.  (i.  Jones,  William 
Stanfield,  James  Archer,  Dr.  Stone,  who 
was  then  in  Illinois,  and  (^uakenbush.  The 
court  arnietl  Mr.  Yenne  with  bench  war- 
rants and  he  landed  them  all  in  jail.  The 
evidence  showed  in  the  trial  of  these  men 
that  they  were  present  when  Jack  Ballard 
was  killed  and  that  they  were  parties  to  the 
murder,  yet,  by  some  means  they  secured 
an  acquittal  and  the  murder  of  Jack  Bal- 
lard remains  unavenged. 

Mr.  Yenne  was  Chairman  of  the  Re- 
publican County  Central  Committee  for 
eight  years  from  1888  and  during  that 
time  tiie  party  gained  the  entire  Board  of 
Commissioners,  the  County  Auditor,  Coun- 
tv  Recorder  and  the  Circuit  Court  Clerk. 
■  In  1890  he  was  elected  Trustee  of  Hol- 
bert  Township  and  served  efficiently  till 
August  14,  1895. 

Mr.  Yenne  was  married  September  28, 
1876  to  Melissa,  a  daughter  of  Thomas 
Peek,  a  prominent  stockman  and  a  descen- 
dent  of  a  pioneer  family  of  this  county. 
His  father  was  once  a  member  of  the  In- 
diana Legislature,  and  made  the  trip  on 
horseback  to  the  State  Capitols  at  Corydon, 
Yiucennes  and  Indianapolis. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Yenne's  only  child  is  a 
daughter,  Mabel,  a  junior  at  DePauw  Uni- 
versity. She  is  an  intelligent  and  accom- 
plished young  lady,  with  a  bright  and 
promising  future. 

Mr.  Yenne  is  a  Chapter  Mason  and  is 
Past  Chancellor  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias 
order,  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

S.iMUKT.  A.  Chenoweth,  ex-County 
Auditor  of  Martin  County,  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Shoals,  and  an  estimable  gentle- 
man, is  a  son  of  Wilson  Chenoweth,  a 
central  figure  in  the  commercial  and  indust- 
rial historv  of  Shoals  in  ante  bellum,  bellum 
and  post  bellum  days.  Tlic  latter  was  born 
in  W'asiiington  County  Ind.,  in  1X27.  In 
1857  he  cast  his  lot  with  Martin  County 
|)cople.  He  was  engaged  in  milling,  mer- 
chandising and   farming   near   Shoals,   be- 


coming a  merchant  in  ]S(j7.  He  was  suc- 
cessful in  business,  and  when  he  died  he 
left  a  modest  estate  to  be  divided  among 
his  children.  He  was  a  strong  Union  man 
during  the  war  and  yave  aid  and  comfort 
to  the  friends  and  <U^fenders  of  the  Hag  at 
every  oppmtunity.  He  was  a  son  of  Joseph 
Chenoweth  of  Kentucky  stock,  who  died 
in  Washington  County,"  Ind.,  about  1882, 
aged  85  years.  Wilson  Chenoweth  mar- 
ried .Mary,  a  daughter  of  James  Mcintosh, 
(if  Scotch  extraction.  Mrs.  Chenoweth  has 
been  a  widow  tiiirtecn  years,  and  is  enjoy- 
ing her  last  years  in  the  society  of  her  (chil- 
dren, viz  :  John  A.,  Daniel  A.,  Samuel  A. 
and  Laura,   (wife  of  Charles  A.  (iorsuch). 

Samuel  A.  Chenoweth  was  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Ind.,  March  13,  1856.  His 
boyhood  was  spent  in  Shoals,  and  his  edu- 
cation finished  in  the  State  University  of 
Indiana,  having  reached  the  junior  year  in 
that  institution,  when  he  was  forced  to 
cea.se  his  studies  for  lack  of  funds.  He  en- 
gaged in  farming,  at  which  he  succeeded, 
and  in  the  course  of  time  drifted  into  buy- 
ing and  shipping  horses  and  mules.  To 
this  latter  business  he  is  especially  adapted. 
He  is  a  natural  trader,  being  the  possessor 
of  the  most  uni(|ne  and  at  the  same  time 
honest  methods  for  driving  a  good  bargain. 
His  judgment  regarding  the  value  of  a  horse 
is  as  good  as  the  best.  His  earnings  in  this 
business  have  been  such  as  to  enable  him 
to  own  two  of  the  best  bottom  farms  in 
Martin  County. 

Mr.  Chenoweth  became  interested  iir 
politics  in  1884,  when  he  was  named  by 
the  Republican  party  for  the  office  of  Town- 
ship Trustee.  His  election  to  this  office  in 
a  Democratic  township  by  a  majority  of  91 
votes  was  a  compliment  to  his  popularity 
and  integrity  as  a  citizen.  His  first  term 
was  filled  with  such  efficiency  as  to  secure 
a  re-election  in  1886.  He  was  nominated 
in  1888  for  County  Auditor,  and  was  de- 
feated, but  in  1892  he  was  again  made  the 
Republican  candidate  for  this  office,  and 
was  this  time  elected  by  a  plurality  of  139 
votes.  He  succeeded  Philip  McGovern, 
and  made  one  of  the  most  efficient  officers 
the  county  ever  had.  His  service  merited 
the  gratitude  of  ail,  and  he  retired  to  pri- 
vate life  with  the  confidence  of  his  partv 
and  his  people.  In  1884  and  l.S,S8  Mr. 
Chcnowetii  was  chairman  of  the  Rc])ubli- 
can  Central  Committee  of  this  countv. 


33 


September  4,  1889,  Mr.  CheiKiweth  mar- 
ried Susan  B.,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  J.  C.  L. 
Campbell,  of  Loogootee,  Ind.  The  chil- 
dren of  this  union  are:  Ida  A.,  Laura  A., 
Wilson  and  Enslic  (\ 

Mr.  Cheudwotli  has  passed  the  chairs  in 
the  Independent  ( )rder  of  Odd  Fellows,  at 
Shoals,  and  is  a  Master   Mason. 

In  matters  of  ])iiblie  atiair  ^Ir.  Cheno- 
•\veth  associates  himself  with  the  side  of 
proo-ress  and  liberality  yet  not  tn  the  point 
of  e.\trava<ianoe,  and  no  meritorious  cause 
appeals  to  him  and  leaves  his  jiresence 
without  a  courteous  hearing.  He  is  eco- 
nomical in  the  administration  of  his  private 
affairs,  but  by  no  means  to  the  extent  of 
parsimony.  Socially,  he  is  genial  and  af- 
fable, and  possesses  a  warm  and  sympa- 
thetic nature  for  those  in  affliction. 

Samuel  O.  (Jkay,  County  Recorder  of 
Martin  County,  and  the  only  Eepublican 
who  has  filled  that  office  for  years,  was  born 
in  Dubois  County,  Ind.,  March  14,  1863. 
His  boyhood  opportunities  were  those  ot 
the  country  youth  of  his  time  in  Ruther- 
ford Township,  and  his  schooling  can  well 
be  said  to  have  been  obtained  by  two  terms 
at  Marengo,  Ind.,  and  an  attendance  at  the 
Martin  County  Normal  of  four  terms. 
When  he  set  out  for  himself  it  was  as  a 
farm  hand,  at  which  he  was  content  to  re- 
main for  nine  years.  He  obtained  an  in- 
terest in  a  thresher  about  this  time,  and 
while  operating  it  in  1891  he  met  with  the 
accident  that  deprived  him  of  his  left  hand. 
Upon  his  recovery  from  this  he  engaged  in 
teaching  in  the  schools  of  this  county  ,  and 
continued  it  with  success  up  to  near  the 
time  of  his  taking  his  office.  He  was 
elected  in  the  fall  of  1894  by  a  plurality 
of  73  votes. 

Mr.  Gray  is  a  son  of  Wm.  L.  Gray,  M. 
D.,  born  in  Muskingum  County,  O., 
.seventy-four  years  ago.  He  was  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Cincinnati  Medical  College,  and 
his  professional  life  was  passed  in  Indiana. 
He  came  to  Dubois  County  in  1858,  and  to 
Martin  County  ten  years  later.  He  mar- 
ried Julia  A.  Davidson  and  died  in  1892. 
The  children  of  this  union  were  :  Polly  L., 
Chauncey  A.,  Samuel  O.,  Joseph  O.,  Thos. 
A.,  Wm.  L.  and  Florence  J. 

February  25,  1896,  our  subject  was  mar- 
ried in  Martin  County  to  Nancy  E.,  daugh- 
ter of  John  A.  Chattin,  an  ex-soldier,  a 
farmer  and  a  descendant  of  pioneer  Hoosiers. 


Mr.  (jray  is  a  ^lethodist  and  is  a  self- 
made  man,  having  accomplished  success  by 
his  individual  efforts. 

David  Garey,  of  West  Shoals,  is  the 
veteran  officer  of  Martin  County.  He  is 
now  the  I  )eputy  Circuit  Court  Clerk,  and  has 
reigned  within  the  walls  of  ^lartin  Coun- 
ty's public  building  longer  than  any  other 
man.  His  long  service  with  the  different 
offices  has  so  equipped  him  with  knowl- 
cduc  (if  ('(uiiity  affairs  that  he  can,  with 
pn.|irietv,  l,.'  ivferred  to  as  the  "walking 
eourt-h.uise." 

Mr.  Garev  was  born  in  (iuernsev  Couutv, 
O.,  May  0,  1844.  His  father,  Wm.  Garey, 
was  a  farmer  and  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
There  is  nodoulit  of  the  origin  of  this  num- 
erous family.  Their  ancestors  were  Irish, 
and  ti-aditiou  has  it  that  the  real  pioneers  to 
America  si'parated  upon  the  eastern  shore 
into  three  groo|)s;  oue  going  to  Vermont, 
one  to  Pennsylvania  and  the  other  to  South 
Carolina.  Our  subject  is  of  the  Keystone 
branch,  and  is  removed  several  generations 
from  the  pioneers  of  the  family  in  this 
County. 

David  Garey  spent  his  youth  upon  his 
father's  farm,  acquired  a  fair  education  in 
the  district  schools  and  at  the  age  of  17, 
came  to  this  county  and  sojourned  for  some 
months.  He  returned  to  Ohio  and  spent 
the  winter  of  1861  in  school  and  in  the 
spring  enlisted  in  Company  F,  85th  Ohio 
Vol.  Inf.,  three  months  service.  Upon  the 
expiration  ofthe  term  of  service  he  re-enter- 
ed the  service  with  Company  K,  122nd  Ohio 
Vol.  Inf ,  and  jiarticipated  in  all  the  engage- 
ments ofthe  army  ofthe  Potomac.  He  vet- 
eranized at  Columbus,  O.,  and  when  he  was 
discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  as 
First  Sergeant,  having  served  a  little  more 
than  three  years.  In  the  spring  of  1866  he 
returned  to  Martin  County,  and  en- 
gaged in  carpentering,  for  the  succeeding 
two  years,  during  the  summer  seasons,  and 
during  the  winter  seasons  taught  school. 
In  1868  he  went  into  the  County  Record- 
er's office  as  deputy,  and  two  years  later  re- 
ceived an  election  to  this  office.  Upon  the 
expiration  of  his  four  years  term  he  went 
into  the  office  ofthe  Circuit  Court  Clerk  to 
which  he  had  been  elected  and  to  this  office 
he  was  again  elected  in  1878,  for  a  second 
term  of  four  years.  In  1884  Mr.  Garey 
was  elected  County  Surveyor  and  when  his 
term  expired  he  was  invited  to  the  deputy- 


8liip  in  the  ('lurk's  (ifficu  and  scrvud  tlicre 
till  1890,  wlifii  the  Democrats  crowned  all 
his  honors  with  another  election  to  the 
Clerk's  office.  He  stepped  from  this  posi- 
tion to  deputy  when  Mr.  Gates  sncceeded 
to  the  office."  He  is  also  postmaster  of 
West  Shoals. 

^Ir.  (iarey's  mother  was  Mary  Kinkaid. 
Her  children  are  :  David  and  Mrc.  Eph. 
M.  Moser.  The  former  was  married  in  this 
county  in  1871,  to  Mattie  Mitchell.  She 
died  in  August,  1889,  leaving:  Willard  S., 
Herbert  A.  and  Kate  B.  His  second  mar- 
riage occurred  Deceml)cr  7,  1892,  when  he 
wedded  Kate,  a  daughter  of  William  .Suni- 
merville,  and  who  was  a  Mrs.  Hitter  at  the 
time  tif  this  niarriau'e. 

Mr.  (iarcy  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason;  a 
member  of  tlie  Knights  of  Pythias  fraterni- 
ty and  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

^V.^[.  A.  Steward,  County  Commissio- 
ner of  Martin  County  and  a  substantial  and 
representative  tanner  has  been  a  citizen 
of  this  county  since  the  year  ISSli,  when  he 
located  on  the  farm  he  now  owns  a  short 
distance  south  of  Shoals. 

Upon  casting  liis  fortunes  with  the  peo- 
ple of  Martin  County,  Mr.  Steward  entered 
into  the  spirit  of  progress  which  has  pos- 
sessed a  large  per  cent  of  the  population  of 
Martin  County  since  war  days,  and  has 
manifested  that  interest  in  all  matters  of 
public  concern  which  marked  him  early  as 
a  gentleman  of  public  spii-it  and  push. 

He  became  a  counselor  in  the  manage- 
ment of  Democratic  politics  soon  after  com- 
ing to  the  County  and  his  advice  has  been 
as  .safe  and  honest  as  his  own  labors  have 
been  active  and  efficient.  He  has  never 
sought  office,  and  when  his  ])arty  named 
him  as  its  candidate  for  the  office  he  now 
fills  it  was  against  his  protest.  He  was 
elected  in  November,  1894,  by  the  small 
majority  of  4  votes.  It  was  a  year  of 
Democratic  disaster  the  nation  over  and 
the  wonder  is  that  he  had  any  majority  at 
all  when  the  votes  were  counted.  His 
clean  record  as  a  private  citizen  and  his 
known  integrity  aided  in  stemming  the  tide 
against  Democracy  and  saved  to  the  County 
an  officer  in  whom  there  is  no  guile. 

Mr.  Steward  was  born  in  Meigs  County, 
Ohio,  October  10.,  1853.  His  father  was 
a  tiirmer  and  conse(inently  he  was  reared  in 
the  country,  with  only  the  a<lvantagcs  cif  a 
common  scho<d  education.      He   married  at 


the  age  of  "21,  and  located  near  the  old 
homestead  and  remaineil  in  his  native 
county  till  the  year,  he  came  to  ^[artin 
County,  Ind. 

Mr.  Steward  is  a  .son  of  "\Vm.  Steward, 
born  in  Harrison  County,  Ohio.  He  spent 
his  early  life  in  that  county,  but  his  last 
years  were  pas.sed  in  Meigs  County,  C, 
where  he  died  in  1865.  He  married  Mary, 
a  daughter  of  Abe  Moore,  and  their  children 
are  Charles,  James,  Christopher  (died  in 
Libby  prison),  Martha,  John,  Josiah,  Wm. 
A.,  Mary  E.,  Miles,  George  and  Dayton. 

December  17,  1874,  Mr.  Steward  mar- 
ried Lillie,  daughter  of  D.  P.  Slater  an  old 
resident  of  .Meigs  County,  O.  The  children 
of  this  union  are:  Allie,  Dora,  Freddie 
and  Christopher. 

Mr.  Steward  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
commissioner  in  December,  1895,  succeed- 
ing Col.  Lewis  Brooks.  The  Board  of 
which  he  is  a  member  has  paid  $4,000  of 
])ubliG  debt  and  has  made  public  improve- 
ments to  the  amount  of  $7,000.  Mr. 
Steward  favors  the  practice  of  economy  in 
the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
county,  and  at  the  .same  time  is  a  friend  to 
and  looks  with  favor  upon  the  expenditures 
of  the  public  funds  in  behalf  of  good  roads 
or  other  improvements  of  a  like  character. 

Mr.  Steward  has  represented  his  party  in 
State  conventions,  and  has  performed  other 
service  for  the  advancement  of  its  cause. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias 
fraternity,  and  a  man  of  progress,  enjoying 
the  confidence  of  many  friends. 

Michael  Shirey,  of  Shoals,  ^lartiu 
county,  has  spent  forty-four  of  the  best 
years  of  his  life  in  this  county,  and  twenty- 
eight  of  them  in  Shoals.  He  is  a  living 
witness  to  the  possibilities  of  a  young  man 
who  cast  his  fortunes  with  a  new  country 
with  no  capital  but  his  labor  and  with  no 
opportunities  except  as  lie  may  make  them. 
In  September,  1852,  he  .set  out  from  Har- 
rison county,  O.,  with  his  young  wife  to 
join  some  friends  in  Indiana  and  intended 
to  .settle  somewhere  in  the  west  and  make 
that  their  home.  They  followed  the 
national  road  westward  to  Indianapolis  and 
then  left  their  traveling  companions  and 
came  to  Dover  Hill,  the  old  county  seat  of 
Martin  County.  His  capital  consisted  of 
his  ti'am,  a  small  amount  of  moncv  and  a 
•'  kit  ,.f  tools."  He  had  learned  the  cabinet 
maker's  trade  at  Cadiz,  ().,  with  John  (iil- 


iaspii',  and  had  done  jourm'y  work  tlirongli 
the  counties  near  where  he  was  reared,  so 
that  he  was  better  fitted  to  bet; in  life  than 
he  who  has  made  no  preparation  in  youth 
for  the  duties  ot  life.  He  opened  a  shop 
and  began  the  manufacture  of  furniture  by 
hand,  as  was  the  custom  in  tiiose  days,  and 
kept  at  it  till  September,  1853,  when  he 
was  lured  farther  west  by  the  beautiful 
stories  that  were  being  told  of  that  coun- 
try, his  objective  point  being  ( 'entirvillc, 
la.  He  never  fell  in  love  with  the  country 
for  an  hour.  Broad  and  unbroken  stretches 
of  prairie  was  something  that  he  had  not 
been  used  to  and  it  was  too  bleak  and 
barren  for  him.  He  disposed  of  his  effects 
and  took  the  boat  at  Keokuk,  la.,  and 
landed  early  the  next  spring  at  Xew  Al- 
bany, and  was  soon  back  in  Dover  Hill, 
richer  in  experience  but  very  much  poorer 
in  purse.  He  set  in  where  he  left  off,  as 
it  were,  and  by  the  time  the  war  came 
up  he  had  regained  his  lo.sses  and  was 
ready  to  undertake  a  new  experience. 

In  1S()"2  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  {35th 
Ind.  V(d.  Inf  as  a  private  ;  was  mustered 
in  at  Evansville  and  his  regiment  sent  into 
Kentucky  to  keep  the  guerrillas  in  check. 
They  were  encamped  at  many  places  in 
that  State,  including  Henderson,  Madison- 
ville,  Spottsville,  Smithland  and  Glasco. 
They  were  then  formed  into  a  corps  and 
sent  to  Kno.wille,  Tenn.,  where  they,  with 
the  rest  of  Burnside's  army,  were  shut  up 
by  Long-street  and  underwent  the  historic 
siege  of  Knoxville.  On  being  released  by 
"  Old  Tecumseh  "  they  fought  Bragg  all 
that  winter,  and  in  the  spring  of  1864  went 
to  Dalton,  Ga.,  and  made  ready  to  enter  the 
Atlanta  campaign.  After  the  fall  of  At- 
lanta his  regiment  was  made  a  part  of  Scho- 
field  army,  to  attend  to  Hood  and  they  re- 
pulsed the  "  Old  Da.sher  "  at  Franklin  and 
ended  the  campaign  by  annihilating  him  at 
Nashville. 

The  Regiment  was  then  transferred  to 
the  east  where  it  participated  in  the  finish- 
ing strokes  that  restored  the  authority  of 
the  United  States  over  Dixie.  Mr.  Shirey's 
Corps  was  detailed  to  take  charge  of  the 
effects  of  Gen.  Johnston's  army  after  its 
capture  and  when  this  business  was  finally 
disposed  of,  his  regiment  was  ordered  back 
to  Indianapolis  for  discharge,  in  June, 
1865  and  on  July  8,  Mr.  Shirey  reached 
home. 


Mr.  Shirey  returned  to  the  l)ench  upon 
takinu-  u])  civil  pursuits  and  conducted  his 
old  l)usiness  at  Dover  Hill  till  1868,  when 
lie  moved  his  interests  to  Shoals,  following 
up  tile  County  Seat,  which  was  removed  to 
Sh(jals  and  started  the  business  he  still  con- 
ducts. 

Mr.  Shirey  has  always  given  his  business 
his  personal  supervision.  His  labors  all 
these  years  have  been  substantially  re- 
warded and  the  eompetencv  he  has  acquired 
is  sufficient  to  provide  liberally  for  his 
wants  in  his  decline  and  at  the  end  leave  a 
modest  fu-tune  for  each  of  his  children. 
He  owns  valuable  farm  lands  in  Martin  and 
Daviess  Counties  and  good  improved  prop- 
erty in  Shoals.  He  is  a  large  stockholder 
in  the  Martin  County  Bank,  of  which  he  is 
President,  and  in  the  Indiana  Clay  and 
Specialty  Co  ,  of  which  he  is  also  President. 
He  uses  his  means  lii)erally  in  support  oi 
enterprises  calculated  to  benefit  the  commu- 
nitv  and  is  seldom  mistaken  in  hisjndgment 
as  to  deserving  and  meritorious  schemes. 

He  has  served  his  town  on  the  Board  of 
Trustees  and  his  counsel  and  advice  has 
been  of  invaluable  aid  in  the  conduct  of  the 
public  business.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican but  never  becomes  especially  en- 
thused but  about  once  in  four  years.  He 
belongs  to  the  Grand  Array  of  the  Repub- 
lic and  is  a  Chapter  Mason. 

Mr.  Shirey  comes  from  German  ancestry. 
His  father  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pa.,  about  100  years  ago.  He 
came  to  Harrison  County,  O.,  in  1834  and 
died  soon  afterward.  He  married  Rachel 
Wible  who  was  left  a  widow  with  seven 
young  children  to  rear.  This  fact  accounts 
for  the  very  imperfect  education  of  our  sub- 
ject. 

Mr.  Shirey  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pa.,  March  21, 1832.  He  marrie  1 
Mordacia  Davidson's  daughter,  Araminta, 
on  July  4,  1852.  Their  children  are:  Ad- 
aline,  deceased;  F.  M.  Joplin,  Mo.;  Dora, 
deceased,  wife  of  Dr.  C.  H.Yerone;  Claud- 
ie,  wife  of  Evart  Shepardson,  of  Los  Ange- 
les, Cal.;  Seigle  E.,  in  business  at  Joplin, 
Mo.;  Merlin  I),  and  Charles  Y. 

Ja.mes  B.  Freeman,  of  Shoals,  is  one  of 
the  oldest  and  best  known  citizens  of  Mar- 
tin county,  in  which  he  has  resided  the 
greater  portion  of  his  life.  His  birth 
occurred  in  this  county,  six  miles  south  of 
Shoals,    June  10,    1840.     His   father   was 


^         .^-r 


4 


MICHAKL  SHIt 


Win.  Fruemau  who  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. He  came  into  Martin  County  in 
1835  and  resided  here  till  his  death,  which 
oecured  in  1842  at  the  age  of  45.  Origi- 
nally the  Freenians  were  from  the  "Old 
IJay  State"  and  upon  coming  west  members 
of  the  family  located  in  Cincinnati  and  in 
Kentucky. 

Wm.  Freeman  married  Mrs.  Rachel 
McNancy,  whose  father,  Nathan  Smith, 
was  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  This  was 
his  second  marriage  and  James  B.  was  its 
only  issue. 

James  B.  Freeman  was  left  fatherless  in 
his  infancy.  His  mother  being  left  in 
humble  circumstances  was  not  able  to  pro- 
vide her  son  with  other  than  very  meager 
educational  advantages.  She  died  when 
he  was  but  seventeen  years  of  age  and  from 
that  date  he  was  thrown  entirely  upon  his 
own  resources.  He  sought  work  upon  the 
farm  and  went  to  .school  as  lie  could  afford 
it,  till  he  became  able  to  secure  a  teacher's 
license,  when  he  taught  one  term  of  school, 
in  Lost  River  township. 

At  this  time  the  Civil  War  came  on  and 
prompted  by  a  spirit  of  loyalty,  he  tendered 
his  services  in  defense  of  the  Union.  In 
July  1861,  Mr.  Freeman  enlisted  in 
Company  "I"  24th  Indiana  Volunteer  In- 
fantry as  a  sergeant  with  C'apt.  McGuffin, 
Colonel  Alvin  P.  Hovey's  regiment.  The 
regiment  rendezvoused  at  Vincenues  and 
^^•as  ordered  from  there  to  C'amp  Jesse,  St. 
Louis,  thence  to  Jefferson  City,  and  on  to 
Sedalia,  Mo.,  then  to  Georgetown.  From 
that  point  the  regiment  went  to  Tipton, 
Mo.,  with  Gen.  Fi-emont  to  Springfield  in 
pursuit  of  the  rebel  Gen. Price,  and  at  that 
place  Gen.  Fremont  was  relieved  and  Gen. 
Hunter  given  command. 

The  command  returned  to  Tipton,  thence 
to  Sedalia,  and  there  guarded  prisoners  cap- 
tured by  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis.  Their  next 
movement  was  to  St.  Louis,  through  Otter- 
ville,  thence  to  Ft.  Donaldson,  and  to  Ft. 
Henry.  Tiie  regiment  then  passed  up  the 
Tennessee  River  to  Crumjj's  Lauding  and 
was  assigned  to  Gen.  Lew  Wallace's  Divis- 
ion, which  was  ordered  on  the  morning  of 
the  6th  of  April  to  the  Shiloh  battlefield. 
They  reached  the  battle  ground  at  sundown 
of  that  day  and  participated  in  the  second 
day's  fight.  Supported  the  besieging  ad- 
vance at  C'orinth,  was  ordered  to  Memphis 
via   Purdy  and    Summersville  and  then  up 


White  River  for  the  purpose  of  joining 
Ckirtis.  It  was  then  ordered  back  to  Hele- 
na where  it  remained  till  March,  1863, 
when  it  was  moved  south  to  engage  in  the 
manoeuvres  about  Yicksburg.  The  troops 
were  landed  at  Milliken's  Bend  in  April  and 
were  marched  around  opposite  to  and  below 
Vick.sburg,  to  Louisville,  striking  the  river 
at  Perkins'  plantation.  By  boat  they  then 
went  to  Grand  Gulf  and  there  had  a  si.K 
hour  artillery  duel  with  a  Rebel  land  bat- 
tery in  an  effort  to  silence  it,  and  failing,  the 
flotilla  was  dropped  down  the  river  to  Bru- 
in.sburg  where  Gen.  Grant  ordered  a  land- 
ing and  Mr.  Freeman's  company  was  the 
second  to  touch  ground.  The  landing  was 
covered,  four  days'  rations  were  drawn  and 
the  command  moved  out  and  at  daylight  it 
was  fighting  the  Rebels  at  Port  Gibson, 
drove  them  off  the  field  and  took  possession 
of  the  town.  The  army  then  went  on  tow- 
ard Raymond,  took  it,  filed  to  the  left  and 
on  May  16,  fought  the  battle  of  Champion 
Hill.  This  engagement  lasted  from  ten 
a.  m.  to  four  p.  m.,  many  prisoners  were 
taken  and  the  batteries  on  the  hill  secured. 
The  24th  Indiana  lost  201  out  of  500  men 
and  remained  on  the  field  after  the  battle. 
Company  I,  aidiug  in  burying  the  dead. 
Mr.  Freeman  was  put  in  charge  of  100  men 
to  gather  up  the  arms  and  other  similar 
property  belonging  to  the  government. 

The  command  followed  up  the  enemy 
across  Black  River  and  up  to  their  fortifi- 
cations at  Yicksburg, which  was  charged  on 
the  22nd  of  the  month  without  success. 
Siege  was  then  laid  to  the  city  and  it  was 
captured  July  4,  1863. 

That  campaign  was  the  hardest  through 
which  Mr.  Freeman  passed.  He  was  under 
marching  orders  for  eighty-five  days,  and 
fifty-five  of  them  he  was  under  fire. 

After  the  close  of  the  Yicksburg  campaign 
the  24th  aided  in  the  capture  of  Jackson, 
returned  to  Yicksburg  and  rested  a  few 
days,  and  was  then  ordered  to  Port  Hudson, 
to  New  Orleans,,  thence  to  Algiers,  and  to 
Brazier  City  and  back  through  Ijouisiana 
to  Opelousas,  New  Iberia  and  back  to  Ber- 
wick City  and  to  New  Orleans.  Mr.  Free- 
man was  then  transferred  to  Company  K, 
of  the  11th  Indiana  and  sent  acro.ss  Lake 
Ponehartrain  to  Madisonville  and  was 
there  transferred  to  Company  C,  of  the 
81st  Ohit).  He  returned  to  New  Orleans 
and  Algiers  at    which    latter    place  he  was 


traust'erred  to  Varuer's  Battaliun  but  was 
in  that  command  but  two  months  when  he 
was  returned  to  his  own  Company.  Soon 
after  this  he  left  Baton  Eouge  for  Indian- 
apolis where  he  was  discharged  Aug.  17, 
1864  and  he  reached  Shoals  the  next  day. 

JNIr.  Freeman  had  saved  up  about  |300 
and  with  that  he  joined  a  comrade  and  to- 
gether they  opened  a  small  store  at  Wag- 
goner's Hill,  this  county,  but  ran  it  only  two 
years  when  they  moved  to  Hillham  in  Du- 
bois County  and  there  did  a  large  and  pay- 
ing business  for  nine  years,  laying  the 
foundation  of  a  modest  fortune.  Mr.  Free- 
man then  eame  to  Shoals  with  which  town 
he  has  been  ideutiiied  most  prominently. 
He  has  erected  a  number  of  buildings  here, 
store-rooms,  residences  and  a  mill  and  has 
maintained  a  business  place  here  all  these 
years. 

Mr.  Freeman  was  first  married  on  March 
22,  1866,  to  Mary  E.  McCarrell.  The 
children  (if  this  marriage  were:  Isota, 
wife  of  O.  M.  Wallace,  of  Cairo,  111.;  Rach- 
el, wife  of  J.  M.  Huif,  reading  clerk  of  the 
Indiana  State  Senate;  Elsworth,  deceased, 
and  Stella. 

Mr.  Freeman's  present  wife  was  Ida 
Cunningham,  a  daughter  of  John  Price,  of 
an  old  family,  and  an  old  stage  man.  He 
married  a  relative  of  a  southern  lady. 

In  politics  Mr.  Freeman  is  one  of  the 
most  ardent  Republicans  to  be  found.  He 
never  fails  in  prominently  identifying  him- 
self with  every  campaign  of  importance  and 
in  1884  was  chairman  of  the  Martin  County 
Central  Committee  ;  was  Vice  Chairman 
through  tin-  campaign  of  1896,  and  to  his 
labors  was  largely  due  the  success  attend- 
ing the  "  big  meetings  "  at  Shoals. 

Mr.  Freeman  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in 
the  Masonic  Blue  Lodge,  and  has  been 
King,  Scribe  and  Treasurer  of  the  Chapter. 
He  is  also  a  charter  niember  of  the  G.  A. 
R.  here,  and  was  it  first  Quarter  ^Master, 
and  has  been  four  times  elected  by  acclama- 
tion its  Senior  Vice  Commander,  and  is 
chairman  of  Lincoln  League. 

O.  L.  Stiles,  Trustee  of  Hallx-rt  Town- 
shijJ,  Martin  County,  was  born  in  Guernsey 
County,  O.,  >*'ovember  22, 1852.  He  is  de- 
scended from  the  Stiles  of  the  Old  Bay 
State,  his  grandfather,  Jonathan  Stiles,  be- 
ing born  in  that  State.  He  emigrated  to 
Ohio  before  the  Indians  were  driven  from 
that  State  and  even  jiarticipated  in  the  wars 


that  followed  white  invasion  of  the  country 
west  of  the  Alleghanies,  besides  being  in 
the  Federal  armies  in  our  .second  war  with 
England.  His  son  Lewis,  born  71  years 
ago,  in  that  locality,  is  the  father  of  our 
subject.  He  came  to  Indiana  and  to  Mar- 
tin County  in  1864  and  died  here  in  April 
of  1892.  He  was  a  farmer  in  moderate 
circumstances,  was  a  Democrat  but  no  poli- 
tician. He  married  Susana  Barnes,  who 
bore  him:  Susana,  O.  L,  Harlan,  Byron, 
Lewis,  (Jeorge,  Lucinda  and  Viola. 

(X  L.  Stiles  was  confronted  in  his  youtii 
with  the  same  conditions  experienced  by  a 
majority  of  the  youth  of  the  country,  long 
hours  for  work  and  short  hours  for  school. 
He  remained  loyal  to  his  father  and  left  his 
fireside  only  when  he  married  and  became 
the  head  of  a  family  of  his  own.  October 
19,  1876,  he  took  for  his  wife  Annie  Mertz, 
daughter  of  Frank  Mertz,  a  Frenchman. 
They  located  upon  a  farm  near  the  town  of 
Shoals  and  resided  in  the  country  till  1888, 
when  he  disposed  of  his  surplus  stock  and 
became  a  citizen  of  this  place.  He  plants 
and  tends  a  crop  each  year  yet,  but 
much  of  his  time  is  consumed  in  the  proper 
conduct  of  the  office  of  Trustee. 

Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Stiles'  children  are  : 
Adelia,  Ida,  Myrtle,  Orville,  Bernard  and 
Walter.  Mr.  Stiles  was  elected  Trustee  by 
the  Democrats  in  November  of  1894,  and 
took  his  office  the  following  August.  He 
is  making  a  faithful  and  careful  officer. 

Col.  Lewis  Brooks,  of  Martin  Oounty, 
a  large  farmer,  an  ex-county  officer,  a 
prominent  Republican  and  an  honored  rep- 
resentative of  one  of  the  oldest  families  of 
Martin  County,  was  born  in  1835.  His 
father  settled  in  that  county  in  1817  and 
took  up  land  at  the  old  rival  of  Louisville, 
and  historic  town  of  Hindostan.  It  was 
in  that  vicinity  that  Col.  Brooks  was  born, 
and  some  nine  years  after  Hindostan  was 
wiped  out  by  an  epidemic  of  fever.  There 
was  nothing  unusual  in  his  life  till  he  was 
past  twenty-five  when  he  was  commissioned 
Colonel  of  the  Eightieth  Regiment  of 
Indiana  Volunteers.  He  served  through 
the  war  and  was  a  brave  and  gallant  sol- 
dier. 

He  purchased  a  large  tract  of  timber 
land  near  Hindostan  after  the  war,  and  up 
to  1872  w-as  engaged  chieffy  in  removing 
the  timber  therefrom  and  in  bringing  the 
land    into   cultivation.      He  owns  much  of 


tlie  tract  to-day  and  lias  m'ver  pcnuittcd 
auythiug  tu  absorb  his  atti'iitioii  to  tlio  ex- 
clusion of  his  farm. 

About  the  year  above  mentioned  he  per- 
mitted himself  to  be  drawn  into  politics 
and  accepted  the  nomination  for  the  office 
of  Corn.iiissioner,  and  was  elected.  He 
afterward  was  elected  County  Auditor  and 
served  several  years.  His  service  was  so 
clean  and  impartial  in  this  office  that  the 
Republicans  made  liim  their  candidate  for 
C^ounty  Trt^asurrr  and  rl.. ,•((•<!  him.  He 
served'  in  this  office  four  years  and  returned 
to  the  country  to  devote  his  remaining 
years  to  the  improvement  of  his  farm.  But 
he  was  not  permitted  to  remain  out  of 
politics  and  in  private  life,  for  his  party 
named  him  again  (or  comnii.ssiouer,  elected 
him  and  the  board  of  which  he  was  a  mem- 
ber gave  the  county  a  progressive,  business 
administration. 

HoRATii)  Harrymax,  of  Shoals,  is  the 
present  County  Auditor  of  Martin  County, 
and  is  a  favorite  with  his  people  regardless 
of  politics  or  creed.  He  was  born  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  Martin  County  Decem- 
ber 15,  18(52,  grew  up  in  his  father's  cabin 
and  secured  a  fair  education  in  the  little 
school  house  of  the  frontier  pattern.  He 
was  licensed  to  teach  at  17,  and  for  the  next 
10  years  was  either  teacher  or  student,  and 
at  once  both.  He  spent  some  time  in  the 
Southern  Indiana  Normal  at  Mitchell,  and 
a  year  in  the  Central  Normal  College  at 
Danville.  After  the  close  of  his  eighth 
term  of  school  he  accepted  the  Deputyship 
under  County  Auditor  McGovrea  and  re- 
mained through  his  term  and  through  the 
term  of  his  Republican  successor.  This 
last  appointment  was  made  absolutely  upon 
its  merits,  to  say  nothing  of  the  first,  as 
Mr.  Harryman  is  one  of  the  staunchest 
Democrats  of  Martin  County.  He  demon- 
strated such  efficiency  in  his  position  that 
he  was  nominated  by  his  party  by  acclama- 
tion as  their  candidate  for  Auditor  and  was 
elected  in  November,  1896,  by  a  majority 
of  246  votes.  Mr.  Harryman's  first  politi- 
cal service  was  in  Baker  Township,  where 
in  1886  he  was  elected  Township  Assessor. 
In  this  office  he  gave  evidence  of  ex- 
ceptional ability  in  transacting  public  busi- 
ness, and  this  faculty  coupled  with  his  well- 
known  superior  social  qualities  gave  him  a 
prominence  which  probably  led  to  Ids  first 
appointment  at  the  county  .seat. 


Mr.  Harryman  is  a  son  of  Cavanaw 
Harryman,  wht)  was  born  in  Martin  County, 
Ind.,  fifty-six  years  ago.  His  life  has  been 
that  of  a  farmer,  and  he  has  moved  along 
in  his  community  without  political  or  other 
interruption,  and  has  given  his  children  such 
advantages  as  his  resources  would  permit. 
He  is  descended  from  Wm.  H.  Harryman, 
the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  who  came 
into  this  new  and  wooded  country  as  a  mill- 
wright very  early  and  married  and  settled 
here.  He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania. 
Cavanaw  Harryman  married  Nancy  Rhu- 
bottom,  who  died  in  1884,  leaving  :  Hora- 
tio, Minnie,  Emma  and  Ida  as  her  children. 

Horatio  Harryman  was  married  August 
6,  1890,  to  Lizzie,  daughter  of  Elder  John 
Mavity,  a  pioneer  Christian  preacher  of 
Southern  Indiana.  Their  only  child,  Vic- 
tor Hugo,  died  January,  1897. 

Mr.  Harryman  was  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  County  Central  Committee  in 
1892,  and  in  his  present  position  will  not 
only  do  his  party  credit,  but  will  earn  the 
plaudits  of  an  appreciative  public. 

Albert  C.  Hacker,  postmaster  of 
Shoals,  Ind.,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  O., 
August  31,  1857.  He  came  with  his 
widowed  mother  to  Martin  County  in  1868, 
obtained  a  fair  education  in  the  schools  of 
Loogootee,  and  acccjitcd  a  position  with 
the  Martin  County  Herald  as  typograpiier. 
This  paper  was  afterward  consolidated  with 
the  Shoals  Times,  and  afterward  known  as 
the  Times-Herald.  Later  Mr.  Hacker 
quit  newspaper  work  and  became  a  messen- 
ger for  the  Adams  Express  Company. 
After  holding  this  position  several  years  he 
was  promoted  and  placed  in  charge  of  the 
company's  night  office  in  the  union  depot 
at  Columbus,  O.  However,  one  year  later 
Mr.  Hacker  severed  his  connection  with 
the  express  company  and  returned  to 
Shoals,  where  he  established,  in  1887,  the 
Martin  County  News,  a  weekly  Democratic 
paper  which  has  bad  much  to  do  with 
mobilizing  of  Democratic  forces  in  Martin 
County.  Its  editorials  have  been  most 
potent  influence  in  keeping  the  county 
Democraev  in  line  for  party  candidates. 
In  189.3  Mr.  Hacker's  party  .services  were 
recognized  and  rewarded  by  his  a])j)oint- 
ment  to  the  postmastership  of  Shoals.  He 
became  po,stmaster  April  21,  1893,  and  has 
filled  the  position  with  much  satisfaction  to 
the  public. 


39 


Mr.  Hacker  is  a  son  of  Jolui  aud  Theresa 
(Urich)  Hacker.  Both  the  Hacker  aud 
Urich  families  were  orginaily  from  Mary- 
land, whence  they  emigrated  to  Ohio.  The 
town  of  Urichsville,  O.,  where  they  settled 
takes  its  name  from  the  Urich  family. 

The  subject  of  this  personal  sketch  was 
married  in  Martin  County,  June  5,  1889, 
to  Amanda,  daughter  of  Colonel  Lewis 
Brooks,  of  whom  mention  is  made  else- 
where in  this  volume.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hacker's  children  are  Helen  and  Lewis. 
Mr.  Hacker  is  Senior  AVardeu  of  the  Shoals 
Lodge,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons ;  also 
Past  Chancellor  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias 
Lodge  of  Shoals;  aud  treasurer  of  the 
Shoals  Opera  Company. 

John  T.  Morris,  County  Superintend- 
ent of  schools  for  Martin  County,  and  a 
recognized  leader  among  educators,  is  de- 
scended from  a  long  line  of  successful  teach- 
ers. Mr.  Morris  began  teaching  at  the  age 
of  nineteen,  in  the  country  schools.  Among 
the  several  district  schools  taught  by  him 
was  District  number  One  in  Rutherford 
township,  Martin  County.  The  director  of 
this  district  at  that  time  was  Augustus  Ar- 
vin,  who  had  also  .served  in  the  same  ca- 
pacity, when  Mr.  Morris'  paternal  grand- 
father taught  the  school,  and  for  many 
years  thereafter,  on  down  through  the  in- 
tervening years  when  the  school  was  taught 
by  the  father  of  Mr.  Morris,  by  three  of  his 
paternal  aunts,  and  by  three  of  Mr.  Morris' 
brothers  beside  himself. 

Mr.  Morris  is  a  native  of  Martin  County, 
born  October  27,  1862.  His  Father,  Rob- 
ert Morris  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
O.,  in  1832,  of  Scotch  ancestry.  The  Mor- 
ris family  were  originally  of  A'irginia. 
Robert  Morris  married  Berthena  Cannon, 
■who  bore  him  nine  children,  of  whom  John 
T.  Morris  is  the  second.  He  was  reared 
on  the  farm.  As  mentioned  above  he  be- 
gan school  teaching  at  nineteen,  aud  after 
teaching  two  years  he  entered  the  South- 
ern Indiana  Normal  at  Mitchell,  where  he 
graduated  in  1885,  with  the  degree  of  B. 
S.  After  teaching  country  schools  for 
three  more  years  he  became  .Assistant  Prin- 
cipal of  the  Loogootee  high  schuol,  a  pcisi- 
tion  he  held  for  one  year.  Mcanw  liilc  he 
studied  law  under  the  directions  oi  Clark 
&  Dobbins,  of  Shoals,  and  in  1888  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  In  June  of  1889  Mr. 
Morris  was  elected  to  the  office    of  Countv 


Superintendent  of  Schools,  to  which  office 
was  re-elected  in  1891  and  in  1893.  He 
will  have  served  eight  full  years  when  his 
present  term  expires  in  June  of  1897.  He 
is  the  only  person  who  has  ever  succeeded 
himself  in  this  office  in  Martin  County. 
He  has  raised  the  standard  of  the  schools 
materially,  and  done  many  things  to  in- 
crease the  efficiency  of  teachers.  He  in- 
augurated Young  People's  Reading  Circle, 
a  valuable  educative  movement.  He  has 
been  a  regular  attendant  at  the  educational 
meetings  of  the  State,  including  State  Su- 
perintendents' Association,  of  which  he  has 
been  vice-president,  and  he  was  a  member 
of  the  committee,  of  this  Association,  that 
prepared  an  outline  of  work  for  Teachers' 
Institute  work,  and  of  a  committee  that  pre- 
pared bi-monthly  examination  questions. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  State  Teachers' 
Association  and  of  the  Southern  Indiana 
Teachers'  Association. 

Mr.  Morris  was  married,  Sept.  13,  1894, 
to  Louisa  Wilking,  a  teacher  also.  Both 
he  and  she  are  influential  members  of  soci- 
ety circles.  He  is  an  elder  in  the  Christian 
Church;  Past  Chancellor  of  the  K.  of  P. 
order;  a  Master  Mason;  a  Democrat  in  pol- 
itics and  a  member  of  the  hardware  firm  of 
Motsiuger  &  Morris,  of  Shoals 

Hiram  McCormick,  the  leading  crim- 
inal lawyer  at  the  bar  of  Martin  County,  a 
a  man  of  affairs  and  an  esteemed  citizen 
was  born  in  Baker  Township,  Martin 
County,  Ind.,  February  28,  1847.  His 
father,  William  McCormick,  was  born  in 
East  Tennessee,  March  10,  1789,  and  died 
in  this  county  in  1876.  He  enlisted  at 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  for  service  in  the  war  of 
"  Eighteen  and  Twelve  "  and  served  faith- 
fully to  the  end  of  that,  our  last  struggle 
with  the  British,  ending  with  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans.  Upon  discharge  from  the 
army  he  returned  to  his  Tennessee  home 
and  two  years  later,  1817,  turned  his  face 
northward  in  search  of  a  home  in  the  M'ilds 
of  Indiana.  He  mad(!  his  first  settlement 
in  l..a\vr(  nee  County,  near  the  northeast 
corner  nf  Martin  ( 'mmtv,  and  resided  there 
till  LS-20,  wluMi  he  came  into  J5aker  Town- 
ship, as  before  stated,  and  there  passed  the 
renminder  of  his  life.  He  was  a  plain 
farmer  in  moderate  circumstances  for  his 
day,  and  an  ardent  Dcnmei'at  of  the  (dd 
school.  He  was  desrended  from  sturdy 
Scotch  ancestry.     His  fiither,  ( 'apt.  William 


40 


HiKAM  Mccormick 


McCorniick,  was  a  Scotchman  by  birth,  came 
to  America  during  Colonial  days  and  set- 
tled in  the  "  Old  Dominion."  He  was  a 
student  of  events,  was  keenly  alive  to  the 
necessity  of  American  independence,  and 
was  inspired  by  motives  of  the  purest  pa- 
triotism to  espouse  the  cause  of  enslaved 
America  against  the  British  thrown.  He 
offered  his  service  to  the  new  government 
in  its  conflict  with  the  "  Mistress"  of  the 
seas  and  was  commissioned  a  Captain  of 
Volunteers.  He  moved  into  Tennessee 
atter  his  military  duties  were  ended  and 
peace  declared,  and  in  the  county  of  his 
adoption  lield  many  offices  of  honor  and 
trust  and,  it  is  believed,  was  once  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Legislature. 

William  McCormick  married  Susan,  a 
daughter  of  Paul  Farris,  of  Kentucky. 
She  was  his  second  wife  and  was  the  mother 
o{  fourteen  children.  Those  surviving  are 
George  ;  Mrs.  Thomas  Roberts,  of  Baker 
Township  ;  Mrs.  Elisha  Baker,  of  the  same 
township  ;  Mrs.  Nancy  Hurt,  of  Spring- 
ville,  Ind.,  and  Hiram.  William  McCor- 
mick's  first  wife  was  Nancy  Rainey  who 
bore  eiglit  children,  only  one  of  whom 
is  living,  viz:  Reuben  McCormick  of 
Mitcheltree  Township,  Martin  County. 

Hiram  McCormick,  in  consequence  of 
his  meager  circumstances  and  rural  sur- 
roundings, did  not  obtain  to  exceed  the 
most  ordinary  common  school  education. 
When  he  had  reached  his  majority  and  en- 
gaged in  business  he  located  on  a  farm  near 
his  old  home.  In  1869  he  was  appointed 
by  his  brother  as  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Martin 
County,  the  county  seat  being  then  at  Dover 
Hill.  He  served  in  that  capacity  for  three 
years,  and  upon  retiring  from  office  re- 
turned to  the  farm  and  was  engaged  in 
farming  and  in  milling  until  the  failure  of 
his  health,  when  in  the  hope  of  recovering 
the  same  he  went  west  to  Utah,  Colo.,  and 
New  Mexico,  and  traveled  about  for  eight 
months.  He  regained  his  former  self  in 
his  absence,  and  upon  his  return  home  he 
engaged  in  buying  horses,  shipping  them 
south  to  ^lemphis  and  New  Orleans.  He 
undertook  the  practice  of  law  following  his 
retirement  from  stock  dealing,  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  before  Judge  N.  F.  Mal- 
ott.  He  has  shown  from  his  earliest  ef- 
forts that  he  is  by  nature  happily  adapted 
to  the  profession  he  represents,  and  in  the 
course    of    his    connection    of  twenty-one 


years  with  the  bar  of  this  and  adjoining 
counties  he  has  been  connected  with,  either 
the  prosecution  or  the  defense,  in  many 
criminal  cases  of  prominence.  The  notable 
ones  in  Martin  County  being  the  prosecu- 
tion of  the  Bunch  murderer,  resulting  in  con- 
viction. He  was  defendant's  attorney  in 
the  Brannon  murder  case  and  secured  an 
acquittal.  Defended  Miles,  charged  with 
murder  in  the  first  degree,  and  got  his 
client  off  with  a  twenty-year  sentence.  He 
aided  in  the  defense  of  Jones,  Stanfield, 
Archer,  Stone  and  Quakenbush  for  the 
murder  of  Jack  Ballard  ;  and,  although  the 
evidence  showed  that  they  were  the  actual 
murderers  the  defense  secured  a  verdict  of 
acquittal.  The  same  verdict  was  rendered 
in  the  case  of  the  Nolan  brothers,  charged 
with  the  murder  of  O'Brien,  wherein  Mr. 
McCormick  was  attorney  for  tiie  defense. 
Crabtree,  for  killing  Stanford  Freeman,  se- 
cured an  acquittal  through  the  efforts  of  our 
subject.  By  appointment  of  the  court  Mr. 
McCormick  defended  W.  B.  Colvin,  charged 
with  the  murder  in  the  first  degree,  and  got 
a  twenty-year  term  for  his  client.  Cobb, 
for  killing  Wagoner,  his  second  man,  was 
saved  from  the  gallows  and  got  off  with  a 
life  term  in  prison  through  the  exertions  ot 
Mr.  McCormick  and  his  colleagues.  This 
case  was  on  the  criminal  calendar  in  Law- 
rence county. 

In  politics  Mr.  McCormick  was  reared  a 
Democrat  and  has  been  a  leader  in  shap- 
ing the  destiny  of  and  in  conducting  the 
campaigns  of  his  party  in  Martin  County. 
He  never  asked  his  party  for  a  favor  that 
was  not  granted  him,  and  never  wavered  in 
his  allegiance  to  the  time-worn  principles 
enunciated  by  the  founders  of  Democratic 
doctrines.  He  was  forced  to  take  issue 
with  that  wing  of  his  party  that  framed  the 
Chicago  platform  in  the  recent  campaign 
and  in  order  to  encompass  the  defeat  of 
what  he  believed  to  be  a  conspiracy 
against  Republican  institutions  he  joined 
forces  with  the  Republican  party  and  sup- 
ported McKinley  for  the  Presidency. 

Mr.  McCormick  located  at  Shoals  f6r 
practice  in  1876.  He  w-as  his  party's  can- 
didate in  1882  for  District  prosecutor  in 
a  district  with  GOO  votes  against  him,  but 
was  defeated.  In  1885  he  was  appointed 
to  the  same  office  by  Governor  (iray,  and 
during  his  term  worked  up  the  Bunch  mur- 
der case.     He  was  the    Democratic    candi- 


4J 


date  for  State  Senat<ir  in  ISSS,  and  tor 
Representative  to  the  lower  liouse  in  1894, 
but  was  defeated  each  time  by  a  close  vote. 
During  President  Cleveland's  first  term 
Mr.  McCorniick  was  appointed  register  of 
the  land  office  at  Seattle,  Wash.,  but  otlier 
engagements  prevented  his  acceptance. 

Mr.  ^McCcuiiiiek  lias  farming  intei-ests  in 
Martin  ('(nuity.  and  is  the  manager  of  the 
Bear  Hill  Liiu  Cal)  distillery,  the  property 
of  his  wite. 

'Sir.  McCormiek  was  married  first  in 
1S6(),  August  20,  to  Rebecca,  a  daughter  of 
jNIaleom  Davis,  a  tobacco  manufacturer  and 
a  prominent  farmer  and  trader.  Mrs.  ]Mc- 
Corniick  died  December  30,  1893,  leaving 
tlie  following  children  :  Nancy  C,  wife  <if 
Sherman  Forner;  Stella,  a  stenographer  and 
teacher;  Belle,  Ephraim  T.,  Anna  M.  and 
Grover.  :\Ir.  :\IcC\.rnii.'k's  pi^'.-ent  wife 
was  Mrs.  Matilda  Zuniteld<>.  daughter  .if 
Thomas  Martin,  an  old  settler  of  this  eoun- 
tv.  Thev  were  married  September  7, 
1895. 

Mr.  McCormiek  is  a  Ma.sou  and  a  Kuiiiht 
of  Pythias. 

James  B.  Marshall,  Prosecuting  At- 
torney for  the  49th  Judicial  District  of  In- 
diana, and  junior  memljerof  the  }ir(iniinent 
and  able  law  firm  of  Houghton  iV:  ^Marshall, 
of  Shoals,  Indiana,  was  born  on  the  13th 
day  of  December,  1856,  in  Tuscarawas 
County,  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  He  was  a 
pupil  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
county  until  1867,  when  he  came  to  Martin 
County,  Indiana,  Avith  his  parents,  where 
his  father  had  purchased  a  large  tract  of 
land,  and  engaged  in  farming.  He  attend- 
eu  the  common  schools  of  Martin  County, 
and  select  summer  schools,  where  he  fitted 
himself  for  teaching,  and  became  an  in- 
structor in  the  schools  of  his  own  county  in 
1878.  He  was  a  close  student  in  all  his 
.school  work  which  added  greatly  to  his 
fund  of  knowledge;  and  in  1882  he  com- 
pleted his  education  in  the  Southern  Indi- 
ana Xormal  College.  His  commencement 
year  seems  to  have  begun  a  new  era  for 
hilu,  taking  him  out  of  that  work  for 
which  he  .  had  evidently  so  well  fitted 
himself,  and  in  which  he  had  al- 
ready demonstrated  his  ability  and 
fitness,  and  placed  him  in  a  new  relation  to 
the  people  of  his  county,  that  of  a  jjublic 
officer.  He  was  elected  Surveyor  of  his 
county  in  1882, and   again  in  1884,  but  be- 


fore the  expiration  of  his  last  term  of  of- 
fice, and  while  yet  performing  the  duties  of 
the  same,  undertook  tiie  publication  of  the 
Martin  Countv  Democrat,  and  was  its  edi- 
tor until  the  fall  of  the  year  1887.  The 
^lartin  County  Democrat  was  published  at 
Shoals,  and  was  the  successor  of  The  Dem- 
ocrat at  Loogootee,  and  The  Herald  at 
Shoals,  he  having  purchased  and  combined 
the  two',  as  the  Democratic  organ  of  the 
county. 

Democratic  politics,  at  this  juncture  in 
Martin  County,  was  at  a  low  ebb.  There 
was  no  effective  organization  or  positive 
and  confident  feeling  among  the  party  lead- 
ers, and  tile  official  patronage  of  the  county 
was  in  the  liamls  of  the  Republicans,  .save 
s.niie  of  the  minor  offices.  Mr.  Marshall 
proved  hiniselt  a  siiei'ess  as  an  organizer, 
and  expounder  of  Demoeratie  princi]iles, 
and  larg.'ly  through  his  personal  effiu-t,  and 
that  of  iiisiiajier,  the  partv  was  again  placed 
in  ])ower  in  the  eh^etion  held  iirtlie  fall  of 
ISSIi. 

At  the  time  Mr.  Marshall  engaged  in 
surveying  he  liegun  his  jircparation  for  the 
law,  and  continued  his  course  of  reading 
through  his  service  as  surveyor  and  editor, 
and  afterward  finished  his  pupilage  with  the 
old  law  firm  <d"  Clark  cV:  Dobbins,  of 
Shoals,  Indiana,  in  1888,  and  at  once  en- 
tered the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the 
Martin  Circuit  Court.  His  first  case  of 
note  was  one  against  the  Evansville  & 
Richmond  Railroad  Company,  for  damages 
for  personal  injuries,  as  defendant's  attor- 
ney, aided  by  general  counsel  fir  the  com- 
pany, and  defeated  plaintiff  in  the  action. 

He  formed  his  present  partnership  in 
law  in  June  1890,  and  the  firm  now  stands 
at  the  front  rank  of  the  Martin  County 
Bar. 

Since  engaging  in  the  practice  of  law  and 
as  editor,  Mr.  Marshall  has  become  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  politics  of  the 
Second  Congressional  District,  and  has  met 
the  leaders  of  his  party  and  his  voice  and 
counsel  has  always  been  in  keei^ing  with 
the  best  interests  of  his  country,  and  the 
common  people. 

He  has  twice  been  the  candidate  of  his 
party  for  the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney, 
and  after  his  defeat  by  the  great  political 
land  slide  of  1894  by  a  small  majority,  in 
the  election  two  years  later,  after  having 
received  the  nomination  unsolicited,  and  in 


his  absence  from  the  convention,  was  elect- 
ed by  a  majority  of  more  tiian  nine  luimlred 
votes,  defeating  the  man  wiio  defeated  him 
two  years  before. 

The  Marshall  family  are  rather  a  hist<^ric 
family.  We  find  from  Paxton's  history  of 
the  Marshall  family,  and  other  writers  that 
the  name  ^Marshall  seems  to  have  originated 
from  William  LeMareschal,  who  came  over 
to  England  with  William,  the  Norman 
concjiierer,  and  the  name  is  more  or  less 
connected  witli  English,  Irish  and  Ameri- 
can histiirv  since  that  time. 

Mr.  Marshall  is  the  third  son  of  John  G. 
and  Nancy  Sloan  Marshall.  His  father 
was  in  early  lite  a  mechanic,  but  after  his 
marriage  engaged  in  farming,  and  dealt 
largely  in  stock  in  Eastern  Ohio,  but  in  In- 
diana, after  operating  a  farm  for  a  time, 
engaged  in  contracting,  and  the  last  years 
of  his  life  W'Cre  spent  on  a  farm  at  Burns 
City,  Ind.  He  was  the  only  child  of  Will- 
iam Marshall,  ot  Washington  County, 
Penn.,  and  was  born  January  1, 1825.  He 
came  to  Ohio  in  early  life,  and  was  there 
married  to  Nancy  Sloan,  daughter  of  John 
Sloan,  ex-Auditor  of  Harrison  (.'ounty,  O., 
and  a  son  of  a  wealthy  north  of  Ireland 
gentleman,  February  4, 1847.  Her  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Kissick.  The  father 
and  mother  both  died  at  Burns  City, 
Ind.,  at  the  old  Marshall  homestead,  the 
former  September  9,  1892,  and  the  latter 
February  28,  1892,  and  were  both  interred 
in  the  Burns  City  Cemetery. 

The  great  grandfather  of  this  sketch  was 
Thomas  Marshall,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  it 
is  claimed  a  cousin  of  Col.  Thomas  Mar- 
shall, of  revolutionary  fame.  The  great 
grandmother  on  the  Marshall  side  was 
Hamilton,  and  the  grandmother  Marshall  a 
Shaw.  The  grandfather  and  great  grand- 
parents died  in  Washington  County,  Penn. 
The  grandfather,  William  Mashall,  was 
born()ctober  11,  1794,  and  was  the  oldest 
of  a  family  often  children. 

The  faniilv  of  John  G.  and  Xancv  S. 
Marshall  are  "as  follows  :  William  S.  Mar- 
shall, deceast-d,  Rebec'ca  J.  Marshall,  at 
the  old  home;  Thomas  J.  .Marshall,  ot 
Terre  Haute,  In<l  ;  xVnna  E.  Marshall,  at 
the  old  home.  Burns  Citv  ;  James  B.  Mar- 
shall, Mary  E.,  wife  of  William  H.  Wads- 
worth,  Worthington,  Ind  ;  Sarah  ,  wife 
,,t  Caswell  Woodrntf,  of  Odon,  Ind.;  John 
K.  Marshall,  deceased;   (George    W.    Mar- 


shall, deceased,  and   S,.ym..ur    Marshall,   of 
Burns  City,   Ind. 

James  B.  Marshall  was  married  in  iNIar- 
tin  County,  Ind.,  July  7,  1892,  to  Eillie 
M.  Luzadder  daughter  of  Alexander  Euzad- 
der,  of  West  Shoals,  Ind.  Mrs.  Marshall 
received  her  education  at  the  State  Uni- 
versity, Bloomington,  Ind  ,  where  she  was 
bora  and  spent  her  early  life,  and  is  de- 
eendant  from  an  old  Pennsylvania 
liunily.  Her  great  grandfather,  Abraham 
Luzaddei',  was  with  Gen  Clark  at  the  cap- 
ture of  Vincennes  from  the  British,  Feb- 
ruary 2(3,  1779,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  Ohio.  He  also  served  under  Gen.  Put- 
nam. 

There  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Marshall  two  children,  both  girls,  (iail  and 
Lois,  the  former  born  August  1,  IS!) 3,  and 
the  latter  May  23,1896.  They  are  unusual- 
ly bright  and  iull  of  promise. 

Mr.  Marshall,  as  a  lawyer,  is  known  in 
Martin  and  adjoining  counties  as  an  able 
and  successful  practitioner,  and  the  firm  is 
now  the  local  counsel  for  the  B.  &  O.  S. 
W.  R'y  and  E.  &  \i.  Ry. 

He  is  connected  with  the  city  schools  as 
trustee,  and  is  the  president  of  the  Shoals 
Savings  and  Loan  Association.  As  a  citi- 
zen he  enjoys  in  a  high  degree  the  confi- 
dence and  esteem  of  his  fellow  townsmen. 
As  a  public  officer  he  is  meriting  the  ap- 
proval and  favor  of  the  public,  and  is  vin- 
dicating the  anti-election  jiroinises  of  his 
friends.  Socially,  he  is  a  pleasant  and  af- 
fable gentleman,  and  fraternally  is  a  Mason 
and  Past  Chancellor  of  the  K.  of  P. 

Joseph  Cannon,  ex-Sherift  of  ;\Iartin 
county,  has  passed  his  entire  life  a  citizen 
of  this  county.  He  was  born  in  Perry 
Township,  August  14,  1844.  He  is  a  son 
of  one  of  the  oldest  families  of  the  county, 
his  father,  Joseph  Cannon,  being  an  em- 
migrant  from  Powell's  A'alley,  Virginia, 
and  become  a  resident  of  this  county  about 
the  year  1810,  being  then  a  boy  of  perhaps 
five  years.  He  married  Mary  Clements 
who  became  the  mother  of  nineteen  chil- 
dren, 15  of  them  lived  to  be  married  and  11 
of  them  still  survive;  viz  :  Jas.,  John,  Julia 
Ann,  wife  of  John  Harvin,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Allen  Cannon,  Jose])h,  Ennlv,  wife  of 
Hugh  French,  Nancy,  wife  of  John  Tink- 
er, William,  Isaac  and  George  W. 

"Joe"  Cannon  got  very  little  education. 
He  remained  under  the  parental  roof  till  he 


married  wlieu  he  located  near  the  old 
liomestead  and  continued  the  occupation  of 
farming.  In  1879  he  engaged  in  operating 
a  coal  bank,  together  with  teaming  and 
performing  the  luties  of  Township  Trustee 
to  which  he  was  elected  that  year.  He 
farmed  again  in  the  year  1882  but  the 
next  year  he  was  chiefly  employed  in  wind- 
ing up  his  affairs  as  a  grain  thresher,  a 
business  he  had  followed  for  15  .seasons 
continuously. 

In  1884  Mr.  Cannon  came  into  the  sher- 
iff's office  as  deputy  and  in  1886  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Democrats  for  the  chief  of  the 
office  but  was  defeated  and  for  the  next 
two  years  was  variously  employed.  In 
1888  Walter  Payton  was  elected  sheriff'and 
he  appointed  Joe  Cannon  as  deputy  and 
jailer.  He  remained  in  this  capacity  the 
four  years  that  Mr.  Payton  was  sheriff,  and 
was  again  nominated  for  that  office  and 
was  elected,  served  two  years  and  was  re- 
elected. 

Mr.  Cannon's  connection  with  the  sher- 
iff's office  covers  a  period  in  which  there 
were  many  notorious  criminals  rendezvous- 
ing and  operating  in  Martin  County,  all  of 
whom  were  either  disposed  of  by  the  courts 
or  the  people  themselves,  and  Joe  Cannon 
was  not  one  of  the  by-standers,  while  good 
people  risked  their  lives  to  remove  this 
great  evil  from  their  midst,  but  with  the 
mandate  of  the  court  as  his  authority  he 
has  arrested  and  placed  behind  the  bars 
some  of  the  most  heartless  of  criminals. 

In  1862  Mr.  Cannon  enlisted  in  Compa- 
nj  B,  80th  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantrj' un- 
der Col.  Brooks  and  was  out  one  year.  He 
served  in  Kentucky  during  this  period  and 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Perryville.  He 
returned  home  in  1863  and  on  March  17, 
of  the  next  year  he  married  Mary  E. 
daughter  of  Basil  Clements.  Their  only 
child  is  a  son,  William  I.,  a  farmer  near 
Loogootee,  Ind. 

Mr.  Cannon's  first  office  was  that  of  as- 
sessor of  Perry  Township,  then  he  was 
elected  trustee  and  about  that  time  he  was 
also  superintendent  of  roads  of  the  town- 
ship. He  owns  a  nice  farm  near  Loogoo- 
tee besides  other  property  and  is  at  present 
deputy  under  Sheriff  Sherfiek. 

Alexander  Marley,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  Shoals  and  ex-County 
Clerk  of  Martin  County,  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Lawrence,  Ind.,  Aug.   30,    1842. 


Before  he  was  twenty  years  of  age  he  en- 
listed in  the  Union  army  for  three  years,  or 
during  the  war  in  defiense  of  old  glory.  "He 
was  mustered  into  Company  G,  oOth  Indiana 
Volunteer  Infantry.  It  was  Sept.,  1865, 
when  his  regiment  was  ordered  to  Indian- 
apolis to  be  discharged,  and  Mr.  Marley 
returned  to  civil  life  after  serving  four 
years  and  nine  days. 

His  first  business  venture  was  as  a  mer- 
chant in  company  with  his  brother  at 
Trinity  Springs,  Ind.,  but  in  less  than  one 
year  he  changed  to  farming.  The  next 
year  he  engaged  in  merchandising  at 
Huron,  Ind.,  and  some  time  later  went  to 
Freedom,  Owen  County,  to  carry  on  the 
same  bu.siness,  and  finally  lost  his  stock  by 
fire.  He  then  opened  a  store  in  Spencer, 
Ind.,  and  conducted  it  one  year,  at  the  end 
of  which  time  he  returned  to  his  native 
county  and  engaged  in  the  saw-mill  busi- 
ness. He  disposed  of  this  in  time  and 
turned  his  attention  to  shipping  horses  and 
mules  south,  following  it  for  eight  years 
and  ending  his  connection  with  it  by 
operating  a  plantation  near  Port  Gibson, 
Miss.,  one  season.  On  his  return  north  he 
came  to  Shoals  and  sold  goods  for  a  time, 
then  sold  out  and  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business.  In  November,  1886,  he  was 
elected  to  the  office  of  Circuit  Clerk  of  this 
county,  and  retired  from  the  hotel  to  take 
possession  of  his  office  in  March  of  the  next 
year.  Upon  the  close  of  his  term  he  en- 
gaged in  the  flouring-mill  business,  and  re- 
mains so  at  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Marley  is  an  ardent  Republican.  He 
was  elected  Trustee  of  Halbert  Township 
in  1880,  and  again  in  1882.  He  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  county  by  over  foi-t}' 
plurality,  and  was  the  first  Republican  to 
be  elected  to  that  office.  He  entered  the 
office  with  all  eyes  upon  him  for  that  rea- 
son, and  when  he  left  it  he  carried  with  him 
the  confidence  and  the  gratitude  of  his 
party  and  his  people. 

Mr.  Marley  is  a  son  of  Man  ley  Marley, 
born  in  Buncombe  County,  N.  C,  in  1813. 
His  grandfather  was  Benjamin  Marley,  who 
left  the  old  North  State  and  settled  in  Law- 
rence County,  Ind.,  soon  after  the  admis- 
sion of  the  State  into  the  Union.  He  mar- 
ried Sarah,  a  daughter  of  Robert  Blair. 
Four  of  their  seven  children  still  survive: 
James,  Jemimah,  L.  D.  and  Alexander.  Mr. 
Marlev's  second  wife  was   Elizabeth   West. 


44 


Her  children  are  :  Beujamiu  B.,  Walter  T., 
Ella  and  Susie. 

Alexander  Marley  was  married  in  Mar- 
tin County,  November  9,  1865,  to  Lavina 
Bell,  whose  father,  Alex  Bell,  was  born  in 
Scotland,  and  whose  mother,  nee  Catherine 
Thompson,  was  born  in  England.  They 
came  to  Kent,  O.,  soon  after  their  marriage, 
and  there  Mrs.  Marley  was  born  March 
29,  1845.  Nine  years  later  her  parents 
came  to  this  county  and  died  here.  Their 
children  were  14;  those  living  are:  Wm. 
T.,  James  T.,  Carrie  and  Richard  R. 

Two  children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Marley,  both  of  whom  are  deceased,  viz : 
Harry  E.  who  died  in  August,  1885,  aged 
19,aud  Effie  C,  who  died  at  two  month. 
Mr.  Marlev  is  a  Master  Mason  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R. 

Hon.  Hileaey  Q.  Houghton  is  a  gen- 
tleman who  needs  no  introduction  to  the 
people  of  Daviess  and  Martin  Counties, 
having  been  born  and  reared  in  the  one,  is 
a  citizen  of  the  other  and  a  public  servant 
of  them  both.  Go  back  with  me  a  quarter 
of  a  century  and  we  find  him  an  industri- 
ous farmer  youth  of  16  years,  without 
especially  promising  prospects,  with  ambi- 
tion in  no  particular  direction,  but  possess- 
ing strong  physical  and  mental  organiza- 
tion. His  early  education  was  such  as  the 
country  schools  afforded,  and  in  his  nine- 
teenth year  he  entered  the  preparatory  de- 
partment of  the  State  University  of  Indi- 
ana. He  was  a  student  continuously  until 
his  graduation  from  that  institution  with 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  June,  1880.  He 
began  preparation  for  the  profession  of  law 
by  systematic  reading  during  his  vacations, 
and  in  the  summer  of  1880  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar. 

Mr.  Houghton  located  for  practice  in 
Loogootee,  and  while  there  formed  a  part- 
nership with  ex-Senator  G.  W.  Alford, 
which  continued  till  December,  1884,  when 
the  former  decided  to  remove  to  the  coun- 
ty seat  and  the  firm  dissolved.  Mr.  Hough- 
ton then  entered  into  a  partnership  with 
Hon.  Ephraim  Moser,  and  was  associated 
with  him  till  the  latter's  death.  For  the 
past  five  vears  he  has  been  associated  M-ith 
J.  B.  Marshall. 

In  his  profession  Mr.  Houghton  has 
demonstrated  peculiar  fitness  and  adapta- 
))ility.  He  is  strong  as  a  trial  lawyer,  and 
is  reliable  as  a  counselor. 


His  political  career  can  l)e  said  to  date 
from  his  entrance  to  the  law.  From  that 
time  forth  he  has  done  more  or  less  cam- 
paigning in  Southern  Indiana.  He  is  a 
strong,  fearless  and  successful  expounder 
of  Republican  doctrines,  and  in  conse- 
quence of  which  he  was  named  by  his  party 
as  their  candidate  for  State  Senator  June 
7,1894.  He  waselected  in  Nov.  foUowingby 
more  than  600  plurality,  as  against  a  plur- 
ality of  4  for  the  Republican  ticket  two 
years  before. 

The  Democratic  Legislature  had  appor- 
tioned the  State  in  1891  so  that  the  Re- 
publicans would  have  to  carry  the  State  by 
about  thirty  thousand  to  get  the  legisla- 
ture. This  act  was  declared  unconstitu- 
tional by  the  Supreme  Court  and  the  legis- 
lature of  1893  re-enacted  substantially  the 
same  bill.  The  legislature  of  1895  passed 
a  bill,  for  the  passage  of  which  he  signed 
the  majority  report  of  the  committee,  which 
would  have  given  the  legislature  to  the 
party  that  carried  the  state  by  three  thous- 
and, and  was  drawn  in  line  M'ith  the  previ- 
ous decision  of  the  Supreme  Court.  This 
act  was  attacked  in  the  courts  on  the  ground 
that  the  legislature  had  no  conititutional 
right  to  pass  such  a  measure  at  that  session 
because  the  six  years  period  had  not  elaps- 
ed. He  held  that  the  legislature  did  have 
that  power  for  reason  that  the  act  of  1893 
was  unconstitutional.  The  Supreme  Court 
sustained  that  position,  but  set  the  act  aside 
because  it  provided  for  double  districts,  a 
point  which  had  not  before  been  raised. 

Mr.  Houghton  was  born  June  16,  1855. 
His  father  M'as  the  late  Wm.  H.  Houghton, 
a  brother  of  the  venerable  pioneer,  Aaron 
Houghton,  of  Martin  County,  and  was  born 
in  Mason  County,  Ky.,  in  1809.  At  the 
age  of  8  years  he  came  with  his  father, 
Wm.  Houghton,  and  settled  in  Barr  Town- 
ship, Daviess  County  and  grew  up  there  "in 
the  Nvoods."  He  learned  blacksmithing 
from  his  father  and  when  a  young  man 
went  to  St.  Louis  and  worked  at  his  trade 
some  three  years.  He  then  joined  the  Illi- 
nois troops  being  raised  for  the  Black 
Hawk  War  and  while  in  that  service  be- 
came acquainted  with  Lincoln.  He  return- 
ed to  Daviess  County  after  the  war  and 
bought  a  farm  near  his  father,  married  and 
reared  his  family.  He  was  first  a  Whig, 
then  a  Republican,  and  was  one  of  the  ear- 
ly commissioners  of  the  county.     He  mar- 


ried  in  Mt.  Pleasant,  Harriet  Poor,  a  daugh- 
ter of  John  Poor.  She  was  born  at  Xew- 
berryport,  Mass.,  and  was  a  lineal  descend- 
eut  of  John  Poor,  a  passenger  on  the 
Mayflower.  Mr.  Houghton  died  in  1885 
and  his  wife  in  1883,  being  the  parents  of 
nine  children,  of  whom  Hileary  Q.  is  the 
eighth. 

October  19,  189"2  Sen.  Houghton  mar- 
ried lone,  a  daughter  of  Frank  Baker. 
Their  only  child  is  Howard  B.,  born  May 
19,  1895. 

Frederick  Hoffmann,  the  newly  in- 
stalled Treasurer  of  Martin  County,  is  a 
worthy  rei^reseutative  of  the  industrious, 
hardy  German  element,  so  numerous  in 
Southern  Indiana,  and  so  valuable  in  the 
ujibuilding  of  an  honest  and  patriotic  com- 
munity anywhere.  He  belongs  also  to 
that  branch  of  the  human  family  designated 
"the  common  people,"  who  are  the  real 
bone  and  sinew  of  our  common  country  and 
the  source  of  all  power  in  government  af- 
fairs. 

Mr.  Hoffmann  was  born  in  Dubois 
County,  Ind.,  on  the  first  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1857.  His  father,  John  L.  Hoffmann, 
was  a  native  of  Greisen,  Germany,  and  came 
to  America  in  the  year  1844.  His  place  of 
settlement  here  was  Dubois  County.  Farm- 
ing was  his  life  pursuit.  He  became  the 
husband  of  Barbara  Huebner,  and  the 
father  of  the  following  children:  Frederick, 
George  L.,  Christian,  Philip  and  Harry. 

Frederick,  the  subject  of  this  review, 
was  reared  on  the  farm  and  to  him  fell  the 
usual  task  of  a  country  lad.  In  the  coun- 
try schools  he  olitained  a  fair  common 
school  education.  He  remained  under  the 
parental  roof  and  served  his  father  faith- 
fully until  he  arrived  at  the  age  of  21  years. 
In  February  of  ISSO,  Mr.  Hoffman  mar- 
ried Fvic,  a  ilaiiuliti'i'  "{  John  Kiefner,  of 
German  descent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoffmann's 
children  are  :  Emma  M.,  Barbara  Anna, 
Barbara  Caroline,  John  D.,  Henry  C.,  E. 
Lorena  and  Philip  W. 

Two  years  jirior  to  Mr.  Hoffmann's  mar- 
riage he  became  a  citizen  of  ^lartin  Coun- 
ty, and  has  continued  his  residence  here, 
devoting  his  time  exclusively  to  farming. 
He  began  his  carreer  as  a  farmer  with 
quite  limited  means  on  a  small  farm,  and 
l)y  means  of  diligence  and  persistent  and 
unremitting  effort,  together  witli  tiie  ex- 
ercise of  frugal  and  industrious    habits,    lie 


has  made  a  success  of  his  undertaking.  He 
is  the  owner  of  a  farm  of  3(i0  acres  in 
Kutherford  Township. 

In  matters  of  public  concern  Mr.  H(jff- 
raanu  lias  always  manifested  a  spirit  of 
progress.  Me  has  shown  a  readiness  and 
adaptability  in  dealing  with  questions  af- 
fecting the  welfare  of  his  country,  and  has 
been  ever  willing  with  word  and  deed  to 
aid  in  securing  to  his  fellow  citizens  the 
best  possible  condition  of  affairs. 

Some  twelve  years  ago  Mr.  Hoftmann 
became  an  active  and  influential  worker  in 
the  ranks  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  has 
been  at  various  times  a  valuable  member 
of  the  County  Central  Committee  of  his 
party,  but  never  became  a  candidate  for  of- 
fice until  1896,  when  he  was  nominated  for 
the  responsible  position  he  now  fills.  The 
campaign  of  1896  was  one  of  the  most  bit- 
ter contests,  and  resulted  in  his  election  by 
a  majority  of  218  votes.  He  entered  upon 
his  official  duties  November  18,  following 
his  election,  and  has  given  evidence  of  his 
ability  to  meet  the  most  sanguine  hoi>es  of 
his  supporters  for  this  important  office. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Hoffmann  is  a  member 
of  the  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen, 
and  deserves  appropriate  mention  among 
the  prominent  citizens  of  Martin   County. 

Valenti^se  Kiger,  of  Shoals,  Ind.,  is 
and  has  been  for  the  past  fourteen  years  a 
leading  stave  manufacturer  of  jNIartin  Coun- 
ty, a  well  known  and  large  buyer  of  tindier, 
and  perhaps  he  has  made  and  shipped 
more  staves  out  of  Shoals  during  the  past 
fourteen  years  than  any  other  person  or 
company  in  the  business. 

Mr.  Kiger  came  to  Martin  County  a 
good  liver,  with  some  means,  but  he  worked 
by  the  day  for  awhile.  His  knowledge  of 
machinery  always  demanded  a  good  salary 
of  from  three  to  five  dollars  per  day.  He 
owned  and  operated  a  saw  mill  in  (xrant 
County  after  the  war  and  accumulated  con- 
siderable, but  by  mismanagement  he  lost 
most  of  what  he  had  accumulated.  He 
then  removed  to  Muncie,  Delaware  County, 
Ind.,  and  there  again  engaged  in  the  mill- 
ing business,  meeting  with  success  and 
making  considerable  money.  Again  he 
lost  what  he  had  accumulated,  on  account 
of  timber  being  scarce.  It  was  in  1883 
that  he  came  to  Shoals  and  secured  em- 
ployment with  the  well  known  firm  of 
Johnson  t*t  Chenoweth.     One  vear  later  he 


ami  John  Clienoweth  entered  into  a  part- 
nership and  engaged  in  stave  bii.siuess. 
For  two  years  they  oj)erated  a  stave  fac- 
tory together,  and  then  Mr.  Kiger  bought 
the  interest  of  his  partner  and  increased 
tlie  capacity  of  the  factory  a  hundred  thous- 
and staves  per  montli.  Tlie  business 
flourished  from  the  start  and  increased,  but 
as  years  went  hv  <ith('r  tlirturics  sprung  up 

in  almost  every  section  of  thi mitry^  and 

by  an  aggregation  of  capital  large  tlictorics 
were  established  and  the  results  am. muted 
almost  to  a  trust.  The  business  of  smaller 
factories  grew  gradually  less,  and  for  the 
past  year  or  so  Mr.  Iviger's  factory  has  not 
been  steadily  ()|ierated.  However,  his  suc- 
cess in  the  business  has  enabled  him  to 
become  the  piissessur  of  a  large  and  com- 
fortable home  situated  on  a  conspicuous 
eminence  in  West  8hoals,  Ind.,  where  is 
also  located  his  factory,  which  is  one  of 
the  most  complete  and  modern  stave  fac- 
tories in  this  section  of  country.  He  also 
owns  other  residence  property  in  West 
Shoals  and  farm  land  in  ^lartin  f'cmntv. 

Mr.  Kiu-er  was  b,n-n  in  Muueie.  'lud., 
August  V\  18;]1).  His  father,  William 
Kiger,  was  a  mill  man.  He  was  born  in 
Indiana,  and  die'il  in  1884.  He  married 
Sarah  (iibson,  who  died  in  1870.  AVilliam 
Kiger  and  wife  had  fourteen  children,  all 
of  whom  were  at  home  at  one  time,  and  of 
the  fourteen  ten  are  now  (1897)  living. 
Valentine  Kiger  is  the  oldest  but  one  of 
these  cliildreu.  He  grew  to  manhood  in 
Muncie,  his  native  town,  and  in  boyhood 
began  learning  the  miller's  trade.  He 
completed  it  and  followed  the  trade  till  the 
civil  war  came  on.  In  July,  1861,  Mr. 
Kiger  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Nineteenth 
Indiana  Volunteers.  With  his  regiment 
he  went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  took  the 
typhoid  fever  and  lay  sick  for  many  weeks 
and  was  even  carried  out  for  dead.  His 
recovery  was  very  slow  and  it  w-as  believed 
he  M-ouid  never  be  fit  for  duty  again,  and 
was  discharged.  He  returned  home  where 
he  remained  under  the  tender  care  of  his 
home  folks  during  the  winter  of  1861-2. 
Regaining  health  Mr.  Kiger  rc-enlisted  in 
service  in  the  fall  of  1862,  in  Company  B, 
Sixty-ninth  Indiana  Volunteers,  which  reg- 
iment joined  the  Western  Army  and  parti- 
cipated in  the  initial  manoeuvres 
against  Vicksburg,  including  tlie  bat- 
tles    on     the     Yazoo     River,     the     Ark- 


ansas Post  fight,  the  digging  of 
the  famous  canal  in  front  of  Vicksburg, 
and  all  the  noted  engagements  in  the  rear 
of  Vicksburg,  and  even  in  its  capture. 
About  this  time  Mr.  Kiger  was  taken  sick 
and  was  soon  after  shipped  to  Jefferson 
Barracks,  St.  Louis.  He  was  furloughed 
home,  recovered  and  returned  to  his  regi- 
ment, which  was  then  about  to  start  ou  the 
Red  River  Expedition.  Ou  the  regiment's 
return  to  Morganza  Bend,  Mr.  Kiger  again 
furloughed  home,  and  on  returning  to  the 
army  he  went  to  New  Orleans  and  to  the 
vicinity  of  Mobile,  and  on  to  Pen.sacola, 
Fla.,  and  ou  his  return  to  Mobile  aiding 
in  the  building  of  fifty-four  miles  of 
corduroy  road.  The  seige  of  Ft.  Blakely 
followed  and  after  its  ca])turc  the 
command  went  to  Selraa,  Ala.,  but 
after  a  brief  sojourn  returned  to  Mobile 
and  then  went  to  Galveston,  Tex.,  and 
there  retained  for  six  months  on  (juarantine 
duty.  Mr.  Kiger's  time  c.\|iire(l  ()(tiiber 
16,  1865,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged. 

His  military  services  endc^d  Mr.  Kiger 
returned  to  his  family  at  Muncie,  lud.,a'n(l 
soon  afterward  engaged  in  saw  milling. 

Mr.  Kiger  married  Margaret  Driseoll, 
daughter  of  William  and  Emeline  Driseoll 
of  Muncie,  Ind.  This  marriage  occurred 
in  December,  1860,  and  has  resulted  in  the 
birth  of  the  foUoAviug  children  :  Charles 
R.,  deceased ;  Minnie  May,  wife  (^f  Grant 
Luzadder;  Lucus  L.  and  Lulu  A.  (t^vin.s), 
the  former  is  man-ied  to  Kizzie  Jenetta 
Hamilton  ;  and  the  youngest  child's  name 
is  Warren  D. 

In  politics  iNIr.  Kiger  is  a  Re])ublican. 
He  enjoys  the  respect  of  his  fellow  towns- 
men and  is  an  honest  and  upright  citizen. 

William  T.  Crane,  of  Martin  County, 
is  a  son  of  Wm.  T.  and  Elizabeth  15. 
(Flood)  Crane.  His  father  was  a  son  of 
Richard  H.  Crane,  born  on  Chesapeake 
Bay,  Marylaud,  and  emigrated  to  Indiana. 
Richard  Crane  was  twice  married.  His 
w'ives  were  sisters,  and  their  maiden  name 
was  Gardner.  He  became  the  father  of 
fourteen  children,  of  whom  Wm.  T.,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  was  the  third.  He 
was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Ind.,  February 
10,  1828  and  came  to  Martin  County  in 
1849,  entering  land  and  remaining  about 
one  year.  He  then  returned  to  Monroe 
County  and  married  Elizabeth  B.  Flood, 
November   12.    1850.      She    was   born    in 


Shelby  County,  Ky.,  May  17,  1827.  Her 
father,  Henry  Flood,  was  a  Kentuckian, 
and  a  son  of  Joshua  Flood,  a  Virginian. 
Elizabeth  B.  Flood's  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Mary  Todd,  a  sister  of  Samuel 
Todd,  the  father  of  Mary  Todd,  who  be- 
came the  wife  of  the  immortal  Abraham 
Lincoln. 

Soon  after  their  marriage  they  settled  in 
Martin  County  on  the  land  Mr.  Crane  had 
previously  entered,  and  there  lived  till  they 
passed  to  their  final  rest.  He  died  July 
27,  1882  and  her  death  occurred  April  1, 
1895.  They  had  eleven  children,  viz  :  Re- 
becca, deceased;  Mary  E.;  Hester,  deceased; 
Richard  H.,  deceased;  Sarrh  L.;  "NVra.  T.; 
Nancy  N.;  Amanda,  deceased;  Alice  A.; 
Margaret  E.,  deceased,  and  Robert  L. 

Wm.  T.  Crane,  the  immediate  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  Martin  County, 
Ind.,  Nov.  12,  1859.  He  married  Nov.  18, 
1883,  Mary  C,  the  daughter  of  Syrenus 
and  Sarah  N.  (Porter)  Walton.  She  was 
born  in  Martin  County  May  14,  1861. 
The  above  marriage  has  given  issue  to  the 
following  children  :  Syrenus  L.,  born  Jan. 
15,1887;  William  W.  born  May  11,  1889; 
Robert  S.,  born  May  14.  1891;  Richard  E., 
born  May  6.  1894  and  died   July  17,  1896. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crane  are  members  of  the 
U.  E.  Church.  He  is  an  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
a  member  of  the  Farmers  Mutual  Protec- 
tive Association. 

Thomas  Walker  is  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky and  was  born  in  Spencer  County 
July  4,  1822,  and  came  with  his  jmrents, 
Bennett  and  Nancy  (Clarke)  Walker, 
Martin  County  in  1827.  He  was  married 
in  Martin  County  in  March,  1842,  to  Mar- 
tina, daughter  of  Thomas  and  Terissa 
(O'Brien)  Queen.  She  bore  him  three 
children,  viz  :  James  E.,  Elizabeth  and  one 
that  died  in  infancy,  not  named.  This  lady 
died  in  1848,  and  in  1851  he  married  Mrs. 
Mary  Halbert,  widow  of  John  Halbert, 
who  bore  him  five  children,  viz:  Susan,  Wm- 
E.,  Thomas  R.,  Harry  and  George  A.  In 
1852  Mr.  Walker  wac  elected  to  the  office 
of  Treasurer  of  Martin  County,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1854,  holding  the  office  four 
years.  He  and  familj^  are  members  of  the 
Catholic  Church. 

Patrick  B.  Larkin,  of  the  firm  Larkiu 
Bros.,  dealers  in  general  merchandise  at 
Loogootee,  Ind.,  was  born  in  Martin  Coun- 
ty November  14,  1860,  and  is  a  son  of  Pat- 


trick  and  Mary  E.  (Montgomery)  Larkin, 
who  came  to  Loogootee  in  1861.  He  re- 
ceived a  good  common  school  education, 
and  completed  his  classical  course  at  the 
Notra  Dame  University,  and  in  1882,  in 
partnership  with  brother,  engaged  in  their 
present  business. 

He  was  married  at  Loogootee  April  29, 
1885,  to  Annie  C.  Reynolds,  who  has  borne 
him  two  children,  viz  :  Bernard  J.  and 
Earnest. 

He  and  family  are  members  of  the 
Catholic  Church. 

Thomas  N.  Gootee  is  a  native  of  Mar- 
tin County  and  was  born  March  22,  1835. 
His  parents,  Thomas  and  Nancy  (Silvers) 
Gootee  emigrated  from  Kentucky  to  Mar- 
tjn  County  in  1818,  behaving  came  here 
t  he  year  previous  and  entered  the  land 
where  the  city  of  Loogootee  now  stands. 
He  became  quite  wealthy  and  before  he  died 
owned  over  600  acres  of  land,  a  part  of 
which  is  now  the  sight  of  Loogootee.  He 
subdivided  and  laid  out  the  town  and  nam- 
ed it  Loogootee.  He  was  a  man  of  more 
than  ordinary  intelligence  and  held  many 
offices  of  trust  during  his  life.  Was  coun- 
ty judge  for  a  number  of  years  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
that  formed  the  present  constitution  of  In- 
diana, and  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in 
1852. 

He  was  twice  married  and  Nvas  the  father 
of  eleven  children,  of  whom  Thomas  N., 
our  subject  was  next  to  the  youngest  by  the 
first  marriage.  He  received  a  good  com- 
mon school  education,  which  he  completed 
in  the  State  University  and  afterward  en- 
gaged in  teaching  school  for  a  number  of 
years. 

In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  I,  24th 
Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry  and  at  the  ex- 
piration of  nine  months  was  promoted  to 
second  lieutenant  in  which  capacity  he  serv- 
ed till  December  1864,  when  he  was  dis- 
charged and  returned  home. 

He  was  married  in  Martin  County  in 
1864,  to  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  (Martin)  Forden,  who  has  born  him 
five  children,  viz :  Anna  M.;  Louis  T.; 
Martha  E.;  Sarah  C.  and  Elizabeth. 

George  V.  Routt  is  one  of  the  oldest 
native  born  citizens  of  Daviess  county,  his 
birth  occurring  April  11,  1822.  His  par- 
ents, William  H.  and  Lucy  (Furnece) 
Routt,  settled  in  Daviess  County  in   about 


the  year  1808,  where  they  afterward  resided 
until  death.  Tiiey  were' tlie  ])areiits  of  ten 
children,  viz:  Evnin  V..  .Icphtliah  C,  James, 
Louisiana,  Wifiiehnina,  William  .1.,  Mary, 
George  Y.  Winneford  and  Eli/alHth. 

Mr.  Routt,  of  this  review,  was  married  in 
Martin  Countv,  Srptemher  ;l(t,  1S47.  to 
Martha  J.,  daughter  of  ISarney  and  Mar- 
garet (Rane^)  Reilv,  wlio  bore  him  seven 
children,  viz:  Margaret  L.,  William  ]5., 
Jeplithah,  Emma,  George  A.,  Warren  A. 
and  Reilv. 

This  lady  died  in  1872,  and  in  1873  he 
married  jNIrs.  Aznba  Graham,  widow  of 
J.  D.Graham,  who  bore  him  three  children: 
Lewis,  Mary  AV.  and  Anna. 

Mr.  Routt  enlisted  in  the  service  in  Janu- 
ary, I860,  in  Company  W  14:id  Lnd.  Vol. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  (r.  A.  R.,  and  he 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church. 

Aaron'  Hofghton  is  one  of  the  oldest 
living  pioneers  of  Martin  County.  He  is 
a  native  of  Kentuckv  and  was  born  in 
Mason  Countv,  Marcli'r).  1807.  His  par- 
ents, William  and  Celia  A.  (McKay) 
Houghton,  were  among  the  early  jiionccrs 
of  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  Daviess  Coun- 
ty, lud.,  in  "the  year  1819.  Our  subject 
was  next  to  the  eldest  of  nine  children  and 
came  with  his  parents  to  Daviess 
County  when  twelve  years  of  age. 
In  1839  he  went  to  New  Orleans, 
La.,  where  he  married  Catherine  Robert- 
son, and  in  1834  moved  to  Martin  County 
and  purchased  and  settled  on  the  same 
farm  on  which  he  now  lives,  where  he  has 
resided  ever  since.  His  wife  died  in  1843, 
having  borne  him  three  children,  viz : 
Victoria,  Jeanette  and  Phcebe.  In  1846  he 
married  Catherine  Agnew,  who  bore  him 
six  children,  viz  :  Inis,  H.  Clav,  Robert, 
Kittic,  Doda  and  Eula.  In  1840  Mr. 
Houghton  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
and  afterward  served  three  terms  in  the 
Senate.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian   Church. 

John  J.  Rei.vhart  is  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  was  born  in  Washington  Coun- 
ty, September  14,  1824.  His  parents, 
Caleb  and  Eunice  (Farris)  Reinhart,  were 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Kentucky,  re- 
spectively, and  settled  in  Martin  County, 
lnd.,  in  1827.  They  were  the  parents  of 
eight  children,  viz  :  Elhanan,  Stephen, 
Amanda,    Artamesa,    William,     Anna:     a 


daughter  died  in  infancy  not  named,  and 
John  J.,  our  subject,  the  eldest  member 
of  the  family.  He  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Martin  County  in  1827,  and  has 
resided  here  ever  since  with  the  ex- 
ception   of  about  three  years  in  Missouri. 

On  July  7,  184.5,  he  married  Minurva 
Davis,  who  was  born  in  Martin  Countv 
March  16,  1826,  and  was  a  daughter  of 
Hiram  and  Rebecca  (Lnndy)   Davis. 

In  about  1850  :\Ir.  licin'hart  settled  on 
the  farm,  on  which  he  now  resides,  and 
has  made  it  his  home  ever  since.  Mr. 
Reinhart  has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Towiishi])  Trustee  and  County  Commis- 
sioner of  Martin  Cuunty.  He  is  the 
father  of  two  children,  viz:  Kissie  and 
Augustus.     He  is  a  Mason. 

Robert  Wild.man  is  a  native  of  Ohio 
and  was  born  in  Colnmltiana  County,  -Janu- 
ary 12,  1831.  His  jiarents,  Jonas  and 
Marv  (Burton)  Wihlman,   were  natives    of 


Vi 


rgnii 


and     Pennsylvania     res])ectively 


and  of  Scotch-h-ish  and  (ierman  extraction. 
Thev  were  married  in  Ohio  and  moved 
froni  tliem-e  to  Martin  County  in  1.S40, 
where  they  afterwards  resided  until  death. 
They  were  parents  of  thirteen  children, 
viz :  W^illiam,  ^laria,  Elizabeth,  Arms- 
ted,  Valentine,  Robert,  Joseph,  .Jesse, 
Levi,  Mary,  Taylor,  and  two  that  died  in 
infancy  and  not  named. 

Mr.  Wildman,  of  this  review,  came  with 
his  parents  to  Martin  County  in  1840  and 
has  resided  here  principally  ever  since,  with 
the  exception  of  about  three  years  spent  in 
California  in  mining.  He  married  in  Mar- 
tin County  March  20,  1861,  Miss  Mary  A., 
dano-htcr  of  Nicholas  and  Hannah  (O'Dou- 
nell')  Walten,  who  bore  him  three  children, 
viz:  Alice,  Kisiah  and   William. 

This  wife  died  in  May,  1867,  and  June, 
1876,  he  married  Amanda  Mc(Tonagle, 
who  bore  him  one  child,  viz:     Hugh   R. 

Mr.  Wildman  is  among  the  early  pion- 
eers of  [Martin  County,  and,  is  highly  es- 
teemed by  all  who   know  him. 

James  E.  Smith,  the  popular  pharmacist 
of  Loogootee,  lnd.,  was  born  in  Daviess 
County,  lnd.,  March  3,  184-5.  He  came 
to  Loogootee  in  1872  and  purchased  a 
small  drug  and  paint  stock  of  James  Mc- 
Glaughlin,  and  has  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness ever  since.  He  now  owns  the  best 
and  most  extensive  stock  of  goods  in  his 
line  in  the  city,  and  also  owns  the  building, 


a  fine  two-story  brick  structure  in  wliichbe 
does  business.  He  was  married  in  Martin 
County  April  7,  1868,  to  Mary  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  James  and  Catherine  (Harper) 
Mosier,  who  bore  him  eleven  children,  viz  : 
William  S.,  Annie  J.,  James  W.  Eugene  S., 
Charles  M.,  Frank  E.,  Francis  S.,  George 
D.  E.,  James  E.,  Mary  A.  and  John  H. 

M.  J.  Carnahan,  President  of  the  firm 
of  M.  J.  Carnahan  &  Co.,  of  Loogootee,  is 
a  native  of  Indiana  and  was  born  at  Wash- 
ington; Daviess  County,  February  10, 
1844. 

His  parents,  Robert  and  Eliza  (Graham) 
Carnahan,  were  both  natives  of  Kentucky 
and  emigrated  from  thence  to  Daviess 
County  at  an  early  day. 

He  enlisted  in  the  service  in  1862,  in 
Company  C,  55th  Indiana  Volunteer  In- 
fantry and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
service  with  this  company,  re-enlisted  in 
Company  K,  117th  Indiana  A^olunteer  In- 
fantry and  served  nine  months.  He  then 
came  to  Loogootee  and  engaged  in  the 
clothing  business,  and  about  two  years 
later  sold  out  that  business  and  engaged  in 
the  general  mercantile  business  for  about 
three  years,  then  begun  the  hardware  busi- 
ness which  he  has  engaged  in  ever  since. 

He  was  married  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in 
1872,  to  Hattie  Dunn,  who  died  in"  1885, 
and  in  1889  he  married  Margaret  Trippet, 
Avho  has  bore  him  two  children,  viz  :  Helen 
and  Ramona. 

James  B.  Love,  of  the  firm  of  T.  K. 
ShirchiiF  &  Co.,  dealers  in  furniture  and 
undertaking,  Loogootee,  Ind.,  is  a  native 
of  Martin  County,  and  was  born  October 
6,  1844.  His  parents,  Harvey  A.  and 
Anna  B.  (Wood)  Love,  settled  on  land 
near  Loogootee  at  an  early  day  and  after- 
wards resided  there  until  death.  They 
were  the  parents  of  six  children,  of  whom 
James  B.  was  the  eldest.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm  and  engaged  in  that  business  un- 
til the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
65th  Ind.  Vol.  Inf.,  and  served  until 
August  1866,  at  which  time  he  was  dis- 
charged and  returned  home.  In  August 
of  1866  he  came  to  Loogootee  and  began 
the  cabinet  making  trade  under  S.  A. 
Wood,  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  three 
years.  He  then  did  journey  work  until 
1873,  then  leased  the  establishment  in 
partnership  with  C.  J.  Berry,  and  subse- 


quently purchased  the  stock  and  engaged 
in  the  business  until  1892,  at  which  time 
they  sold  out,  but  in  1894  Mr.  Love  pur- 
chased a  third  interest  in  the  establishment 
again  and  has  engaged  in  the  same  since. 

He  was  married  in  Martin  County,  April 
28,  1870,  to  Frances  L.  Killion.  who  has 
borne  him  four  children,  viz:  Hattie  M., 
Freddie,  Etta  and  Ethel. 

Mr.  Love  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
Order,  an  Odd  Fellow,  a  member  of  the 
K.  of  P.  and  G.  A.  E. 

WiNEPARK  Fields,  ex-Recorder  of 
Martin  County,  and  the  leading  general 
merchant  of  Cale,  is  widely  known  through- 
out this  county  as  a  thoroughgoing  and 
substantial  citizen.  He  is  a  native  of  the 
Hoosier  state,  being  born  in  Lawrence 
County,  August  6,  1851.  His  father  Jno. 
M.  Fields,  came  to  Martin  County  the  same 
year  and  settled  in  Baker  Township,  thi-ee 
miles  southeast  of  Owensburg.  There 
Winepark  was  reared  amid  humble  sur- 
roundings and  educated  in  the  primitive 
way.  Upon  taking  up  the  battle  of  life  for 
himself  he  adliercd  to  the  iarm  and  con- 
tinued it  uninterrupted  and  undisturbed 
till  the  year  1880  when  he  left  it  to  take 
uj)  the  duties  of  a  public  officer  of  his  coun- 
ty. He  was  elected  the  foregoing  year  to 
the  office  of  County  Recorder  by  a  majority 
of  499  votes  and  when  his  first  term  had 
expired  his  administration  of  the  ofiiee  had 
been  so  efficient  as  to  merit  an  endorse- 
ment by  his  party,  and  it  came  in  the  form 
of  a  re-election  in  the  fall  of  1881. 

LTpon  retiring  from  office  Mr.  Fields  be- 
came associated  with  Noah  Moser,  of  Loo- 
gootee, as  a  solicitor  of  pensions  and  for 
the  next  year  and  a  half  traveled  through 
the  west,  soliciting  claims  from  old  soldiers 
in  Missouri,  Kansas  and  other  states. 

In  October,  1S91  ]Mr.  Fields  purchased 
from  Roach  c^-  Sons,  his  present  place  of 
business  and  has  since  devoted  himself  as- 
siduously to  building  up  a  good  business. 
He  is  a  safe,  conservative  merchant,  deals 
openly  and  squarely  with  his  trade  and  is 
regarded  very  highly  by  his  acquaintances. 

April  24,  1884,  Mr.  Fields  married  Ad- 
die,  a  daughter  of  Michael  Shirey,  of  Shoals 
She  died  September  7,  1887,  leaving  a  son, 
Frank  Shirey  Fields.  February  1,  1893, 
Mr.  Fields  married  Lina  Cox,  of  Park 
County,  Indiana.  She  died  February  11, 
1894,  and  on    December   20,  of  the  same 


50 


year  he  married  his  present  wife,  nee  Mary, 
a  daughter  of  Johu  W.  May,  of  Bedford, 
Indiana.  The  only  child  of  this  union  is 
Georgia  May. 

The  (atlier  of  Winepark  Fiehls  was  born 
near  Somerset,  Ky.,  in  1S20.  His  early 
opportunities  were  of  the  erudest  sort. 
He  married  Elizabeth  Moser,  whose  father 
John  Moser,  moved  into  Martin  County 
from  Tennessee  with  his  widowed  mother 
and  settled  at  Sergeants  Tanyard  when  he 
was  nine  years  old.  In  after  years  he  be- 
came a  prominent  merchant  and  farmer  in 
the  northeast  corner  of  this  county.  He 
was  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  many  years 
and  to  him  belongs  the  distinction  of  hav- 
ing never  had  one  <if  his  decisions  reversed 
by  a  higher  court.  lie  married  Sarah 
Waggoner  and  died  in  1868.  Four  of  his 
twelve  children  are  now  living,  viz  :  Noah 
Moser,  of  Loogootee;  Miranda,  wife  of 
C.  Williams,  of  Williams,  Ind.;  Jossie, 
wife  of  (leorge  I)ve,  of  Green  County,  Ind.; 
and  Mrs.  Louisa  Perkins  of  Effingham 
County,  III. 

John  M.  Fields  was  the  father  of  two 
children  l:)y  his  first  marriage,  Winepark 
and  ]\Iary  J.,  wife  of  D.  K.  Dunahue  of 
this  county.  His  second  and  last  wife  was 
nee,  Telitha  Harryman.  The  children  of 
this  union  are  :  Ephriam  S.  and  John  C.  at 
Owensburg,  Ind.;  Sarah  C  ,  deceased;  and 
Rev.  Theodore  Fields,  a  minister  of  the 
Christian  Church  at  Owensburg,  Ind. 

Our  subject's  graud-father  was  Stephen 
Fields.  He  was  born  in  Virginia  and 
came  to  ludiana  in  1829  and  settled  in 
Lawrence  County.  He  was  fond  of  the 
frontier  and  indulged  in  many  of  the  sports 
iucident  to  those  days,  particularly  that  of 
bear  hunting,  with  stories  of  which  he  de- 
lighted the  ears  of  his  grand-children  in  his 
old  age.  He  was  never  sick,  was  a  man  of 
great  industry,  working  up  to  within  three 
days  of  his  death,  and  died  in  Se[)teml)er, 
LSfi:^,  at  the  age  of  nini'ty-one. 

Hox.  K.  Saxfoui)  Patterson,  one  of 
Martin  County's  energetic  and  intelligent 
young  men,  was  born  in  Daviess  County, 
Ind.,  F^ebruary  25,  1867.  His  parents, 
Ambrose  and  Hattie  (Burch)  Patterson, 
were  natives  of  the  same  county,  and  had 
nine  children,  viz :  I^mma  M.,  Anna,  George 
W.,  R.  Sanford,  James  C.,  Arlena, 
Hauorah,  Phoebe  A.  and  an  infant,  de- 
ceased. 


Mr.  Patterson,  the  subject  of  this  ])er- 
sonal  sketch,  received  a  good  common  school 
education  and  then  entered  the  Northern 
Indiana  Normal  College,  at  Valparaiso, 
where  he  graduated.  In  1890  he  began 
school  teaching,  which  profession  he  has 
since  followed  with  marked  success.  In 
March,  1896,  he  was  elected  Chairman  of 
the  Populist  party's  committee  of  the  Sec- 
ond Congressional  District.  He  became 
the  candidate  of  his  party  for  Representa- 
tive to  the  Legislature,  and  in  November 
of  1896  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  698 
votes,  the  largest  majority  given  to  any 
man  on  the  fusion  ticket. 

Fraternally  he  ic  a  member  of  the  order 
of  Knights  of  Pythias,  also  of  the  F.  ^I.  B. 
A.,  and  holds  a  membership  in  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church. 

Mr.  Patterson  has  gained  an  enviable 
reputation  as  an  educator;  is  a  polished 
gentleman  and  a  wide-awake  politician. 

Samuel  J.  Ellis,  the  efficient  and  pro- 
gressive Trustee  of  Center  Township,  is 
one  of  the  industrious  and  frugal  young 
men  of  Martin  County.  He  had  not  the 
advantages  of  a  liberal  education  in  his 
youth,  the  lack  of  which  he  has  felt  fre- 
quently as  he  has  journeyed  through  life. 
Notwithstanding  this  fact  he  has  succeeded 
far  in  excess  of  many  who  have  begun  life 
well  ecpiipped  and  under  the  most  favorable 
circumstances.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
began  to  trade  and  traffic,  and  by  the  time 
he  had  reached  his  majority  he  had  learned 
the  art  of  taking  care  of  himself  in  any 
transaction  he  might  be  approached  on. 

In  1888  he  left  his  old  neighborhood  near 
Dover  Hill  and  in  partnership  with  Law- 
rence Fields  bought  304  acres  of  laud 
about  three  miles  southeast  of  Shoals. 
This  farm  has  been  greatly  improved  since 
it  came  into  their  possession  and  is  one  of 
the  most  productive  and  profitable  on 
White  River. 

iNIr.  Ellis  is  a  son  of  Isaac  F]llis,  who 
came  from  Columbiana  County,  O.,  to  Mar- 
tin County,  Ind.,  and  settled  near  Dover  Hill 
sometime  in  the  thirties.  He  was  accom- 
panied by  his  father  Gainor  Ellis,  who  was 
one  of  the  first  Justices  of  the  Peace  of 
Center  Township.  He  entered  land  from 
the  Government  and  of  course  was  a 
pioneer. 

Isaac  Ellis  married  Abigail  Jiarker  fiir 
his    second     wife.      She    died    1879 — three 


years  after  her  husbaiul.  Her  children 
were  :  Samuel  J  ,  John  and  Enos.  There 
is  a  ha'f  sister  older  than  these,  Mi-s.  Sid- 
ney A.  Utterback,  of  West  Shoals. 

Samuel  J.  Ellis  was  born  September  7, 
1852.  He  is  an  active  Republican  and 
was  elected  to  his  office  in  Xovember,  1894, 
by  a  good  plurality.  He  discharges  the 
duties  incumbent  on  him  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  gain  universal  praise.  He  is  progres- 
sive and  makes  a  good  official.  The  school 
house  in  District  No.  6  was  planned  and 
erected  by  him  and  is  pronounced  the 
most  convenient  country  building  in  the 
county. 

Isaac  T.  Cakotiikrs,  Trustee  of  Mitch- 
eltree  Township,  Martin  Tnunty,  and  a 
prominent  young  farmer  of  that  township, 
has  mingled  among  the  citizens  of  this 
county  as  a  business  man  only  for  the  past 
four  or  five  years.  His  birth  occurred 
March  3,  1866,  in  Monroe  County,  Ind. 
He  was  brought  into  jNIartin  County  when 
young.  He  secured  his  cdui-ation  from  the 
district  schools,  and  left  lioni.'  at  the  age  of 
18  t..  cnt.'i-  til.'  employ  of  tli.'  Adaius'Ex- 
press  Co.  at  (  'ineinnati.  (_).,  as  a  messenger 
on  the  B.  A:  O.  S.  W.  R'y.  He  served  that 
company  faithfully  for  seven  years,  and 
when  he  retired  from  the  road,  in  1892,  it 
was  to  engage  in  farming  in  the  vicinity  of 
Trinity  Springs.  Being  an  ardent  Republi- 
can and  a  strong  partisan  he  was  drawn 
early  into  politics  and  has  made  the  ac- 
quaintance of  and  become  prominent  with 
many  of  the  wheel  horses  of  Martin  county 
politics.  He  was  a  candidate  for  the 
nomination  for  County  Auditor  in  1896, 
but  was  not  successful.  He  secured  the 
nomination  for  Trustee  and  was  elected  in 
November,  1894,  by  a  majority  of  88  votes. 
He  has  been  conducting  the  office  for  more 
than  a  year,  and  has  shown  that  he  has  a 
thorough  understanding  as  to  the  needs  of 
his  township.  He  has  built  one  school 
house  in  district  No.  4,  and  has  placed  State 
maps,  temperance  charts  and  globes  into 
his  eleven  schools,  a  thing  which  alone  will 
redound  (n  liis  credit  for  the  next  ten  years. 

Mr.  Carothers  was  married  in  Bartholo- 
mew County,  Ind.,  September  8,  1892,  to 
Anna  B.,  daughter  of  Theoph.  Smith,  M.D., 
of  Columbus.  Josie  E.  is  the  only  child 
of  this  union. 

Mr.  Carothers  is  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Isaac 
T.  Carothers,  one   of  the    leading    citizens 


of  ]^Iartin  County.  He  was  Ijorn  in  .Tack- 
son  County,  Ind.,  was  graduated  from  the 
State  University,  and  euii'icd  the  ministry 
in  the  Missionary  ISaptist  <  huich  eai-ly  in 
life.  He  enlisted  in  the  service  in  the 
Mexican  war,  and  also  served  in  the  civil 
war  in  Company  G,  50th  Regiment  In- 
diana Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  com- 
missioned captain. 

Jicv.  Carothers  married  Elizabeth  East. 
The  children  of  this  union  are:  Mary  E., 
wife  of  Melvin  Dillman,  of  Martin  County  ; 
Francis  J  ,  wife  of  Edward  Smith,  of 
Bloomingtou,  Ind.,  G.  W.,  of  Blooming- 
ton  ;  Annie,  wife  of  Alouzo  Marley,  of  Mar- 
tin County,  Ind.,  Isaac  T.,  O.  M.,  of 
Bloomingtou,  Ind.,  and  John  C,  of  this 
county. 

Rev.  Carothers  has  passed  his  life  in 
Southern  Indiana,  and  was  for  some  years 
stationed  at  Bloomingtou  and  at  Bedford, 
and  is  now  jiastor  of  Boggs  Creek  and 
Huron  Churches.  He  has  been  a  most 
faithiul  worker  in  the  cause  he  represents 
and  mucli  gnod  has  resulted  to  the  world 
from  his  etfnrts  in  many  directions.  His 
life  has  been  one  constant  example  of 
purity  and  moi-ality  and  his  presence  a  con- 
stant m<'nace  to  the  sin  of  the   world. 

His  ntighliors  know  him  only  to  respect 
him  most  highly,  and  all  acquaintances 
honor  him  with  their  friendship. 

NoAn  ^losER.  Among  the  representa- 
tive business  men  of  ^Martin  County,  no 
name  is  more  worthy  (jf  mention  than  that 
of  Noah  Moser,  who  is  cashier  of  the 
White  River  Bank  of  Loogootee,  and  the 
practicing  pension  attorney  of  that  place. 
He  was  born  in  jNIartiu  County,  Ind.,  June 
2,  1845 

His  jjarents,  John  and  Telitha  (Wagoner) 
Moser,  were  early  settlers  of  Martin  Coun- 
ty. Mr.  Moser  was  reared  on  a  farm  and 
given  a  common  school  education.  In  1866 
he  accepted  a  clerical  position  at  Loogootee 
with  Patrick  Larkin,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  the  death  of  that  gentleman. 
Mr.  Moser  served  as  deputy  postmaster  of 
Loogootee  as  express  agent;  in  1869  took 
up  insurance  business  in  which  he  has 
since  continued.  In  1879  he  became  a 
pension  attorney.  From  1885  to  1887  he 
was  postmaster  of  Loogootee.  December 
1,  1896,  he  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the 
White  River  Bank  of  which  he  is  now 
cashier. 


November  2,  18G9,  was  celebrated  tlie 
marriage  of  Mr.  Moser  and  Mary  O'Rrian. 
Tlie  marriage  has  given  is^siie  to  one  child, 
Georgiana. 

Hev.  Tihothy  O'Do.NfAGHrE,  the  be- 
loved and  esteemed  pastor  of  Saint  John's 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  at  Loogootee, 
Iiid.,  is  a  native  of  Daviess  County,  Ind. 
He  was  born  Xovember  9, 1844.  His  par- 
ents were  James  and  Mary  (Tooaiy)  O'Don- 
aghue.  They  were  natives  of  County  Cork, 
Ireland,  where  they  married  and  then  emi- 
grated to  America,  first  residing  in  New 
York,  and  then,  about  1834,  became  citi- 
zens of  Daviess  County,  Ind.  Here  the 
fath.^r  died  January  17,  1878.  The  mother 
lived  for  many  years  afterward,  making 
her  home  with  the  subject  of  this  review. 
She  passed  to  her  final  rest  February  17, 
1896.  These  parents  had  ten  children,  viz: 
Joanna  ;  Mary  ;  Margaret ;  Amelia  ;  John  ; 
Timothy  ;  James  ;  Dennis  ;  Michael  and 
Lenora. 

Rev.  O'Donaghue  was  reared  in  Daviess 
County,  attended  tiie  public  schools,  and  in 
1868  e'ntered  St.  Joseph  College  at  Bards- 
town,  Ivy.  Here  he  prosecuted  his  studies 
for  four  years.  His  education  was  com- 
pleted in  St.  Meinrad's  College,  Spencer 
Countv,  Ind.  He  was  ordaineil  Priest  at 
Indianapolis  Frl.niarv  17,  1878.  bv  Arch- 
bishop Purccll,  iif  ciiiriiHiati.  In  Marcii 
of  the  same  year  he  was  sent  to  Montezuma, 
Ind.,  as  pastor  of  St.  Ann's  Church,  of 
that  place.  While  serving  that  cliurcli  he 
also  attended  the  mission  of  St.  Mary's 
Church  at  Rockville,  Ind.  After  a  period 
of  about  eighteen  months  he  was  transferrel 
to  St.  Mary's  Church  in  Daviess  County. 
While  here  he  also  attended  the  mission  of 
St.  Joseph's  Church  in  Martin  County.  In 
1890  he  was  made  pastor  of  St.  John's 
Church  at  Loogootee  over  which  he  has 
since  presided.  This  church  has  a  mem- 
bership of  about  two  Imiidred  families,  and 
a  beautiful  church  building,  a  brick  struct- 
ure, and  a  school  governed  by  the  Sisters 
of  Providence. 

Father  O'Donaghue's  pastorate  at  Loo- 
gootee has  resulted  in  a  substantial  in- 
crease in  the  membership  of  his  congrega- 
tion, and  has  improved  the  same  spirit- 
ually, morally  and  financially. 

\ViLLiA.M  R.  Wallace  was  born  in 
Martin  County,  Ind.,  June  18,  1861,  and  is 
a  son  of  Francis  and  Mary  (Roth)  Wallace. 


Both  of  his  parents  were  natives  of  Ohio. 
They  became  early  settlers  of  Martin  Coun- 
ty. His  fiither  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Army  in  1862,  and  was  killed  July  3, 1863. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  subsequently 
married  Edward  Nicholas,  now  deceased. 
She  is  now  a  resident  of  Loogootee. 

Wm.  R.  Wallace  was  reared  on  the  farm, 
and  farming  has  been  his  life  pursuit.  He 
was  married  January  27,  1886,  to  Alice, 
the  (laughter  of  Robert  aud  Mary  A. 
(Walten)  Wildraan.  She  was  born  in  Mar- 
tin County  December  19,  1862,  and  is  the 
mother  oi":  Frances  H.  W.  and  one  child 
who  died  in  infancy. 

Shortly  after  Mr.  NVallace's  marriage  he 
settled  upon  his  present  farm,  of  200  acres, 
of  fine  and  well  improved  land.  He  is  a 
re|ircsi'iitative  of  one  of  the  practical  and 
succ'ssIliI  farmers  of  the  county,  and  is  one 
of  the  cdunty's  most  valued  citizens. 

Ma.joe  William  Houghton.  This 
representative  and  well  known  citizen  of 
Martin  County  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  born 
in  Daviess  County  October  28,  1839.  His 
parents  were  William  H.  and  Harriet 
(Poor)  Houghton.  His  father  was  born  in 
Mason  County,  Ky.,  in  1809,  aud  his 
mother  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  the 
year  1819.  William  H.  Houghton  was  a 
son  of  William  and  Celia  A.  (]\IcKay) 
Houghton,  who  were  pioneer  settlers  in 
Daviess  County,  Ind  ,  coming  to  the  coun- 
ty iu  the  year  1819.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  grew 
to  maturity  and  were  the  following: 
Jeanette,  Aaron,  Phoebe,  William  H., 
Eliza,  Saxton,  Bonam  R.  and  Albert. 

William  H.  Houghton  came  to  Daviess 
County  with  his  parents,  married  Harriet 
Poor,  daughter  of  John  aud  Hannah 
(Chute)  Poor,  who  came  from  Massachu- 
setts to  Washington  County,  Ind.,  at  an 
early  day. 

IJnto  William  H.  aud  Harriet  Houghton 
were  born  nine  children,  viz :  Silas,  de- 
ceased ;  Aaron,  deceased  ;  William  ;  John, 
deceased;  Jeanette ;  Walter  R.;  Eugene; 
Hileary  C^.,  and  Harriet. 

It  appears  that  both  the  Houghton  and 
Poor  families  are  of  Scotch  and  English 
origin. 

Major  William  Houghton  obtained  a 
fair  education,  taught  school  for  a  number 
of  years,  and  farmed  in  summer  seasons 
until  pr(jmpted   by  a  spirit   of  loyalty    he 


tendered  his  services  in  defense  of  his 
country.  April  23,  18()1,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  C,  14th  Ind.  Vol.  Inf.,  as  Ser- 
geant. 

June  7,  1861,  he  was  )>roraoted  to  the 
rank  of  First  Lieutenant,  and  May  12,  1862, 
to  the  rank  of  Captain,  February  14,  1863,  to 
the  I'ank  of  Major,  and  remained  in  this 
rank  to  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  ser- 
vice. During  the  campaign  of  the  wilder- 
ness he  was  Inspector  General  of  tlie  2d 
corps  on  the  stafi  of  Gen.  Hancock,  and 
was  honorably  dischai-ged  June  20,  1864. 
He  participated  in  all  the  battles  and 
skirmishes  of  his  regiment.  September  17, 
1862,  received  a  flesh  wound  in  the  left 
arm,  and  December  13,  1863,  received  a 
gunshot  wound  in  his  left  thigh.  After 
his  discharge  from  the  service  he  returned 
to  Daviess  County  and  engaged  in  the  mill- 
ing and  lumber  business. 

In  1868  Mr.  Houghton  was  ajijiointed 
Assistant  Collector  ot  Internal  Revenue, 
an  office  he  held  for  two  years.  For  sev- 
eral years  thereafter  he  was  Government 
Gauger.  Meanwhile  he  was  also  engaged 
in  farming  and  lumbering,  but  in  1877  he 
was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Government 
Gauger  and  Store  Keeper  and  for  three 
years  thereafter  he  devoted  his  entire  time 
to  the  duties  of  this  office.  He  resigned 
this  office  and  again  took  up  the  milling 
and  lumber  business,  which  he  sold  out  in 
1881.  For  about  one  year  thereafter  he 
was  engaged  in  the  drug  business.  He 
then  accepted  the  position  of  Superiuten- 
dent  of  the  Eldorado  Spoke  Works  at 
Eldorado,  111.  This  position  he  held  till 
1888,  when  he  returned  to  Martin  County. 

In  1891  Major  Houghton  entered  into  a 
co-partnership  with  Fred.  E.  Davis  in  the 
banking  business  at  Loognotee,  Ind.  Mr. 
Davis  established  the  business  iu  INSS. 
Major  Houghton's  present  partner  in  this 
business  is  Xoah  Moser,  who  purchased  the 
interest  of  Mr.  Davis  December  1,  1896. 
The  bank  which  they  operate  is  known  as 
The  White  River  Bank,  and  has  a  capital 
stock  of  $25,000.  :\Iajor  Houghton  is 
president  of  the  institution  and  Mr.  Moser 
cashier. 

Major  Houghton  was  married  January  6, 
1870,  to  Kissie  E.  Reinhart.  Mrs.  Houghton 
is  a  daughter  of  John  J.  and  Minerva  J. 
(Davis)  Reiuhart,  and  was  born  in  Martin 
County  ]S"ovember  10,  1847. 


^Nlajor  Houghton  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  the  Masonic  Fraternity, 
the  Grand  Army,  and  is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

Abraham  W.  Porter,  M.  D.,  of  Loo- 
gootee,  is  one  of  the  leading  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  Martin  county.  He  was  born 
in  Carroll  County,  O.,  June  23,  183.5. 
His  parents  were  Nathan  and  Susan  (Xofs- 
ker)  Porter,  and  were  natives  i if  the  "  Buck- 
eve  State."  Tiic  liitlicr  was  bdrn  in  the 
year  1812,  and  tlic  n^tlirr  in  1814.  The 
former  was  of  Scdteli  descent,  and  the  lat- 
ter of  German.  They  married  iu  Ohio  and 
in  1858  removed  to  Martin  County,  Ind., 
where  they  continued  to*  reside  till  their 
deaths.  They  had  the  following  children  : 
David,  Levi,  Alexander,  James,  Alwilda, 
Catherine,  Leonard  H.,  Adaline  and  Abra- 
ham W.  The  last  named  being  the  oldest 
of  the  family.  He  received  a  good  com- 
mon school  e<lueation  in  his  native  county, 
and  alter  completing  his  literary  course  in 
Richmond  College,  Jefferson  county,  O., 
enii'aged  in  teaching  .school.  For  several 
yiars  tli<  rcaftcr  he  was  engaged  in  teach- 
ing, and  meanwhile  attended  Barnesville 
Academy,  of  Belmont  County,  O.,  and  took 
ny)  the  study  of  medicine. 

He  was  married  Augu.st  7,  1859,  to  Mary 
L.  Barnes,  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  at  Barnes- 
ville August  3,  1837.  Her  parents  were 
Isaac  and  Elizabedi  (Bradfield  Barnes).  In 
1866  Di-.  P(irt(  r  removed  to  Martin  Coun- 
ty, Ind,  and  Mttlcd  at  Dover  Hill.  He 
was  engaged  in  >cliool  teaching  till  1868, 
in  whicli  yiar  lie  began  the  practice  of 
medicine.  In  1S71  he  attended  the  Eclectic 
College  of  Cincinnati,  which  in.stitution  he 
again  attended  in  1875-6.  From  this  col- 
lege he  graduated  ^lay  9,  1876.  He  is  a 
nicndier  of  the  Indiana  Eclectic  Medical 
Assuciatiou,  of  which  he  was  President  in 
1  s;)(  I.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  National 
[Medical  .Vssociation.  He  was  appointed  a 
nicnil)cr  cif  the  Hoard  of  Pension  Examin- 
ers l)y  President  Harrison  for  Martin 
County.  He  has  been  a  successful  practi- 
tioner and  has  long  stood  in  the  front  rank 
of  his  profession.  In  1894  he  became  a 
candidate  for  Representative  to  the  State 
Legislature  and  was  elected.  Fraternally 
he  is  a  Master  Mason. 

Unto  his  marriage  have  been  born  the 
following  children  :  Rev.  John  W.,  Lsaac 
M.,  deceased  ;  James  E.  Charles  A.,    Wal- 


ter,  deceased  ;  Elvina  E.,  E.stella  and  one 
other  that  died  in  iiifaney. 

The  Doetor  and  liis  family  are  members 
of  tiie  Christian  Church,  and  number  among 
tiie  leading  families  of  the  community. 

Hkney  Wood,  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  ]SIartin  County  Tribune,  also  attorney 
at  law  and  notary  public  at  Loogootee,  is 
one  of  the  esteemed  and  representative  cit- 
izens of  Martin  County.  He  was  born  in 
this  county  March  19,  1857  and  is  a  son  of 
Charles  and  Mary  C.  (Padgett)  Wood,  who 
were  also  born  in  Martin  County.  Our 
subject's  paternal  grand-father  was  James 
Wood,  a  prominent  character  in  the  early 
history  of  Martin  County.  He  was  a  na- 
tive of  Kentucky,  from  which  state  his 
father,  Moses  Wood,  together  with  his  son, 
moved  to  Martin  County  at  a  very  early 
day.  They  entered  land  on  White  River 
about  four  miles  east  of  Loogootee  and  there 
settled.  There  Moses  Wood  died  at  the 
ripe  age  of  ninety  years.  James  Wood  was 
his  only  son.  and  married  Ann  Drake  be- 
fore coming  to  Indiana.  He  was  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812,  represented  Martin 
County  in  the  Legislature  of  Indiana,  and 
for  many  year  served  this  county  as  one  of 
its  Associate  Judges. 

Charles  Wood,  the  fatlier  of  Henry,  was 
born  in  Martin  Countv,  Ind.,  'Slixy  2i), 
1832.  He  married  Ma'rv  C.,  daughter  of 
Benedict  and  Eliza  (Gates)  Padgett,  and  af- 
terward settled  on  a  part  of  the  old  Wood 
homestead  where  he  resided  and  followed 
farming  until  his  death,  May  4,  1882. 
His  widow  survives  him  and  resides  on  the 
same  farm.  He  was  trustee  of  Perry  Town- 
ship two  terms  and  sheriff  of  Martin  County 
one  term.  He  was  a  man  of  sterling  qual- 
ities and  the  number  of  his  friends  was  lim- 
ited only  by  the  circle  of  his  acquaintance. 
He  was  the  father  of  the  following  chil- 
dren :  Minerva  J.,  Phoebe  A.,  Wm.  J., 
Lydia  M.,  Carrie  C,  deceased,  and  Henry. 
The  last  named  is  the  oldest  of  the  family. 
He  received  a  fair  education  and  engaged 
in  school  teaching  in  which  he  remained 
more  than  ten  years.  He  assisted  his  fath- 
cr  in  the  sherifi's  office.  In  1887  he  was 
employed  as  book-keeper  for  C.  S.  Wood 
ct  Co.,  of  Loogootee,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained till  January  188!)  when  he  purchas- 
ed a  half  interest  in  the  Martin  County 
Tribune,  with  F.  J.  Maston,  which  was  at 
that  time  located  at  Shoals.     Shortly  after- 


ward they  moved  their  newspaper  office  to 
Loogootee  and  not  long  thereafter  Mr. 
Wood  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the 
paper. 

In  1879  Mr.  Wood  began  reading  law 
under  W.  R.  Gardiner  and  after  going  to 
Loogootee  continued  his  studies  without  a 
preceptor.  In  1884  he  read  law  under 
Judge  Marvity  of  Paola,  Ind.,  and  in  1889 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Martin  County. 
December  25,  1890  Mr.  Wood  led  to  the 
marriage  alter,  at  Loogootee,  Miss  Anna 
Feagan.  He  is  a  member  ot  the  Knights 
of  Pythias  order  and  is  among  the  sub- 
stantial and  progressive  citizens  of  his 
town.  As  an  editor  he  has  demonstrated 
ability,  having  for  years  published  one  of 
the  best  and  cleanest  county  newspapers  in 
this  section  of  Indiana. 

Balwin  Reily  is  one  of  the  oldest  citi- 
zens of  Martin  County.  His  birth  occurred 
in  Perrv  Township,  of  this  countv,  on  the 
2(;th  of' October,  1825.  The  place  of  his 
birth  is  within  a  mile  of  where  he  now  re- 
sides. His  father,  Barney  Reily,  was  a 
native  of  Mason  County,  Ky  ,  and  was  a 
son  of  James  Reily,  who  was  a  native  of 
Scotland  and  an  emigrant  to  the  United 
States  jirior  to  the  revolution  and  a  settl'er 
in  the  Virginia  colony.  There  he  married 
and  subsequently  removed  to  Mason  Coun- 
ty, Ky.  He  was  the  father  of  six  children, 
viz  :  Charles,  Barney,  Rachel,  John,  James 
and  Nancy. 

Barney  Reily  came  to  ^lartin  County  in 
1818,  and  here  resided  until  death.  He 
married  Margaret  Raney,  who  was  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  and  came  to  Martin  County 
in  an  early  day  with  her  parents,  who  were 
Joseph  and  Martha  (Silvers)  Raney.  Unto 
the  above  marriage  were  born  the  follow- 
ing children  :  Alonzo,  Baldwin,  Clement, 
Mason,  William,  Martha,  Melissa  and  Caro- 
line. 

Baldwin  Reily,  the  subject  of  this  men- 
tion, was  married  in  Martin  County,  Xo- 
vember  19,  1847,  to  Catherine  L.  Brown, 
who  was  born  in  this  county  November  19, 
1827.  Her  parents  were  Sauford  and 
Elizabeth  (Clements)  Brown,  and  they 
were  among  the  early  pioneers  of  this  coun- 
ty. Since  1857  Mr.  Reily  has  resided  in 
Loogootee,  of  which  place  he  was  apjwinted 
Postmaster  in  1861.  He  enlisted  in  the 
service  in  1864  in  Company  F,  i:?7tli  In- 
diana Volunteer  Infantry,  and    served    till 


the  expiration  of  liis  tfrni  of  enlistment. 
Mr.  Reilv  is  tlie  fatlicr  of  eiulit  cliiidren, 
viz:  Alon/.o  S.,  Anna,  .Mary,  Artelia,  ?»Iar- 
^■aret,  Editli,  Jennie,  dceeased,  and  .Minnie. 
Mr.  Keily  is  a  mend,er  of  tlie  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
the  G.  A.  R.  He  is  a  public  spirited  and 
enterprising  citizen,  and  enjoys  the  esteem 
and  contideuee  of  a  wide  eireie  of  friends. 

EDwin  A.  OpI'KLT,  M.  I).,  is  ,,ne  ot  tlie 
leading  physicians  ot  Martin  T'ounty.  He 
was  born  in  Tuscarawas  ( 'uuntv,  <).,  l'\'b- 
ruary  26,  1820.  Cliarles  Oppelt,  liis 
father,  was  a  native  of  Canada,  settled  in 
in  PennsyKania,  married  tSybilla  Belling, 
siibse(|uently  removed  to  Tuscarawas  Coun- 
tv,  ().,  thence  to  the  State  of  Iowa,  where 
lie  and  his  wil'e  passed  away  in  death.  They 
were  the  parents  of  cK'ven  children,  of 
whom  the  subject  ot  this  review  is  the  eld- 
e.st.  He  received  a  fair  education  in  the 
schools  of  Ohio ;  completed  a  classical 
cour.se  in  Clarion  Academy  at  Clarion, 
Penn.  He  learned  gun-smithing,  and  after 
following  the  .same  for  a  time,  engaged  in 
school  teaching.  At  the  age  of  22  he  be- 
gan the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  James 
Ross,  of  Clarion,  as  his  preceptor.  He 
was  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Ross  for  six  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  practiced  medicine  to 
some  extent.  He  then  returned  to  his 
native  county,  and  regularly  took  up  his 
profession.  In  1869  Dr.  Oppelt  first 
located  in  Loogootee.  Later  he  was  hjcated 
at  Cannelburg  for  a  short  time,  but  returned 
to  Loogootee,  where  he  has  since  continued 
to  reside. 

He  was  married  in  Venango  County, 
Penn.,  May  14,  1850,  to  Mary  J.  McKiney, 
who  was  born  in  Center  County,  Penn., 
January  12,  1822,  and  died  at  Loogootee 
jSIarch  2,  1895.  For  nearly  a  half  century 
this  good  woman  shared  the  joys  and  sor- 
rows of  her  devoted  husband,  and  was  a 
faithful  wife  and  loving  mother.  Her  chil- 
dren were  three  in  number:  Rachel  A.  G., 
deceased;  Louisa  A.  and  Frances  I. 

Dr.  Oppelt  is  one  of  the  ohlest,  most 
skillful  and  best  educated  physicians  of 
Martin  County.  In  1857-8  lie  attended 
what  is  now  the  AVestern  Reserve  Universi- 
ty, of  Cleveland,  O.,  from  which  institu- 
tion he  graduated  in  1S5S.  Foi-  many 
years  he  has  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  his 
profession,  but  for  the  last  few  years  he  has 
not  been  in  the  most  active  practice  by  rea- 
son of  his  advanced  years. 


He  has  led  a  long  and  useful  life,  and 
enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  a  wide 
circfe  ,,f  (riends.  Fraternally  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  l.O.  ().  F.,and  liolds  a  mem- 
bership in  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

StkI'IIK.V  H.  HlilTT.M.V,  M.  I).,  of  Loo- 
gDoiee.  Ind.,  is  one  ot  Martin  County's  most 
skilltul  and  pi-ominent  physicians.  He  was 
b,.rn  in  Salem,  U  ashinuKm  County,  Ind., 
Septemlx'r  25.  ls;l(i.  His  parents,  Th.mias 
and  Catherine  (Hoel)  I'.rittain,  were  na- 
tives of  ^'irginia  and  Ohio,  respectively, 
and  of  Irish  and  (Jernian  extraction.  lir. 
Brittain's  paternal  grandfather  was  Samuel 
Brittain,a  native  of  Ireland  and  a  settler  of 
Virginia.  Dr.  Brittain's  father  came 
to  Washington  County,  Ind.,  in  1818, 
and  there  married  and  resided  till 
his  death.  He  was  the  father  of  seven 
children,  viz:  Mary  J.,  Susan,  Alice,  Wm. 
AV.,  Stephen  H.,  Sarah  A.,  and  Kllen. 

Until  the  subject  of  this  review  reached 
his  majority  his  life  was  spent  upon  the 
farm  Afti'r  completing  a  fair  literary  ed- 
ucation in  the  schools  of  his  native  town  he 
engaged  in  teaching.  AVhile  teaching  school 
he  began  the  study  of  medicine.  During 
the  years  1857-8  he  attended  the  Cincinna- 
ti College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  For 
a  short  time  thereafter  he  continued  his 
studies  under  the  guidance  of  Dr.  McPhe- 
ters,  of  Livonia,  Ind.,  who  had  been  his 
preceptor  prior  to  his  entering  college.  In 
1859  he  graduated  from  the  above  named 
college  and  immediately  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Newberry,  Ind.,  where 
he  remained  until  he  enlisted,  April  1861, 
in  Company  C,  14th  Indiana  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. He  became  First  Lieutenant  iu 
1862.  The  following  year  he  resigned  his 
commission  and  went  to  Loogootee,  Ind., 
where  he  and  Capt.  Harrold  recruited  and 
organized  Company  K,  143rd  Indiana 
Volunteers  which  was  mustered  into  the 
service  in  January  1864.  Of  this  company 
he  served  as  First  Lieutenant  till  the  close 
of  hostilities  and  was  honorably  discharged 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  October  of  1865. 
He  returned  to  Loogootee  and  at  once  took 
up  the  ]iractice  of  medicine. 

Dr.  Brittain  was  married  at  Loogootee 
Alarch  12,  1863,  to  Elizabeth  A.,  daughter 
of  John  B.  and  Catherine  (Berkshire) 
Wood.  She  bore  him  four  children,  two  of 
whom  grew  to  maturity,  viz  :  Laure  K., 
now    Mrs.  H.  A.  Martin,  of  New  Castle, 


Ind.,  and  Thumas  K.,  also  ..f  Now  Castle. 

Thf  luotlier  of  tht'se  chililren  ilird  in 
December  1892,  and  in  the  following  Sep- 
tember Dr.  Brittain  married  Letitia  K., 
daughter  of  Alexander  and  Isalxl  (IJiand- 
ford)  Sharum.  This  marriage  has  given 
is.sue  to  one  child,  viz  :  Stephen  (J. 

Dr.  Brittain  is  a  Master  Mason,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the  G.  A.  R. 
He  has  served  three  terms  as  Command- 
er of  the  Post  and  is  the  present  incum- 
bent of  that  office.  He  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  Church  and  a 
highly  esteemed  citizen. 

Ja.mew  C.  0'Hi;ien,  deeeasid,  was  born 
in  Martin  County,  Ind.,  October  5,  1836. 
His  parents  were  John  J.  and  Elizabeth 
(^Montgomery)  O'Brien.  They  were  pion- 
eer settlers  of  Martin  County,  settling  on 
the  farm  now  occupied  by  the  widow  of 
the  subject  of  this  nu^ntion.  Their  children 
were  the  following;  Julia  A.,  Rose  E., 
James  C,  Jane  E.  and  Joseph  E. 

James  ( '.  O'Brien  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  taught  the  lessons  of  industry 
and  |)erseverence  which  in  after  years 
crowned  his  efforts  with  success.  In  the 
main  farming  was  his  life  pursuit.  He 
was  married  January  29,  18(53,  Mary 
(^uigley  becoming  his  wife.  She  was  born 
in  Cass  County,  Ind.,  May  21,  1844,  and 
is  a  daughter  of  Joseph  B.  and  Mary 
(Murphy)  Quigley.  Her  father  was  a 
native  of  Tennessee  and  her  mother  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania.  They  settled  in 
Daviess  County  many  years  ago.  Their 
children  were :  Jaue  E.,  Susanna  P., 
Joseph  H.,  Mary,  John  J.,  Anna  T., 
Regiua  N.,  Rose  E.,  William  F.,  and 
(leorge  B. 

James  C.  and  Mary  <l.  O'Brien  became 
the  parents  of  the  following  children  : 
Marv  E.,  born  November  11,  18G3;  Eliza- 
lieth"  B.,  born  September  18,  18«5;  John 
J.,  born  May  22,  18(57,  died  September  4, 
1S73;  Joseph  H.,  born  September  21, 
l.S(i9,  died  March  29,  1871  ;  George  F., 
born  November  19,  1871  ;  William  M., 
I»>rn  December  27,  1873,  died  January  28, 
1S74;  Lewis  E.,  born  February  15,  1875; 
Charles  M.,  born  July  22,  1877  ;  James 
C,  born  October  20,  Ls'79. 

Mr.  O'Brien  passed  to  his  Hnal  rest  Mav 
2,  188:!.  He  was  a  memberof  tiie  Romaii 
Catliolic  Church  to  which  bis  family  also 
belong.      He   was  a  representative  farniei-, 


became  the  possessor  of  twelve  hundred 
acres  of  land  and  died  leaving  a  good  e.s- 
tate  to  his  family.  In  business  affairs  he 
displayed  wisdom  and  judgment,  mani- 
fested strictest  honesty  and  his  word  was 
universally  respected. 

He  held  several  positions  of  h(mor  and 
trust,  j)erforniing  the  duties  of  each  with 
marked  ability  and  fidelity.  In  his  youth 
he  took  the  census  of  Martin  County.  For 
nearly  ten  years  he  held  the  office  of  Coun- 
ty Auditor  of  Martin  County.  He  was 
also  Treasurer  of  the  same  county,  and 
also  .served  as  a  County  Commissioner. 

He  was  public  spirited,  ever  manifesting 
a  deep  interest  in  matters  of  public  con- 
cern. In  his  death  the  county  lost  one  of 
its  most  valued  citizens,  his  neighbors  a 
truste<i  friend  and  his  household  its  revered 
head. 

John  N.  Breen,  of  Loogootee,  was 
born  in  Ireland,  County  AV^exford,  March 
9,  1838.  His  father,  Nicholas  Breen,  was 
a  native  of  the  same  county  and  one  of 
three  sous  l)orn  unto  Thomas  and  Alice 
(Devereux)  Breen;  he  came  to  the  United 
Stall's  in  an  early  day,  remained  for  four 
years  and  tlien  returned  to  Ireland,  where 
he  married  Mary  Hayes,  daughter  of  Wal- 
ter aud  ^largaret  (Dillon)  Hayes,  who  were 
of  Anglo-Norman  lineage  aud  natives  of 
the  Barony  of  Forth.  After  the  marriage 
of  Nicholas  Breen  he  became  a  merchant  in 
Ireland,  but  met  with  indifferent  success  and 
then  decided  to  come  to  the  United  States. 
He  left  his  family  in  Ireland,  where  his 
wife  remained  till  her  death.  His  death 
occurred  soon  after  his  arrival  in  this  coun- 
try. 

John  N.  Breen,  the  subject  of  this  re- 
view, is  the  only  child  of  his  parents,  save 
a  daughter,  Alice,  who  died  in  infancy. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  mother  ^Nlr.  Breen 
was  taken  by  his  grandmother,  with  whom 
he  lived  until  coming  to  the  United  States, 
in  1848.  On  coming  to  this  country  he 
secured  employment  in  the  wholesale 
grocery  house  of  John  Hayes,  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  After  a  stay  here  of  two  years 
he  accej)ted  a  clerical  position  in  M'ashing- 
ton,  Ind.,  which  he  held  for  seven  years, 
and  then  (1857)  located  at  Loogootee, 
where  he  opened  up  a  general  store  in  part- 
nership with  his  M'ashington  employer, 
James  Campbell,  who  in  two  years  sold"  iiis 
interest  to  his  son   James  J.    Campbell,   in 


partnership  with  whom  Mr.  Breeii  remiiiiK'd 
till  1888,  in  which  year  he  purchased  his 
partner's  interest. 

During  President  Buchanan's  adminis- 
tration Mr.  Breen  served  as  Postmaster  of 
Loogootee.  He  has  also  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Martin  County  Board  of  Com- 
missioners. He  has  been  President  of 
the  Loogootee  Fair  Association,  While 
residing  at  Washington  he  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Washington  National 
Bank  for  a  time.  He  has  been  Presi- 
dent of  the  Loogootee  Detective  As- 
sociation for  more    than    ten  years,    and    a 


member  of  their  Advisory    Board,    off  and 
on,  for  twenty  years. 

Mr.  Breen  was  married  October  11,  1865, 
to  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  James  and  Sarah 
(Mcllhenny)  Campbell.  Mrs.  Breen  was 
born  in  Columbiana  County,  O.,  May  12, 
1836,  and  came  to  Washington,  Ind.,  with 
her  parents  when  a  child.  Unto  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Breen  were  born  seven  children,  viz : 
James  W.,  Anna  I^.,  John  N.  deceased, 
Mary  E.,  Alice  P>.,  Matilda  C.  and  John 
F.  Mr.  Breen  and  his  tliniily  are  members 
of  the  Roman  ('atlmli*'  ( 'hurch,  and  are 
numbered  anujnir  the  leaders  of  societv. 


9912 


I