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N.  GROSSMAYER 


AND  DEALEU  IN 


FINE 


iliTllli 


s 


AND 


Gents'  FurnisMng  Goods, 

iVHOLESALE  &  RETAIL. 

Cor.  22d  Street,  SS'HW  ^©IBSg 

And  47  Fifth  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


STEINWAY   &o    SONS' 

GEAND,  SQUAEE  &  tJPEIGHT 

]?  i  a  iio»-]P  o  r  t  es 

are  now  acknowledged  the  best  in.sl.rumoniri  in  Amurica,  as  wcii  as  \n  Europe, 
having  taken  Thirty-Jive  lirst  FreaiLiims,  Gold  and  Siluer  Mcdats,  ul  tiie 
Principal  Fairs  held  in  this  country  within  the  last  ten  years,  and  in  addition 
thereto,  they  were  awarded  a  First  1  rize  Medal  at  the  Great  International 
Exhibition  in  London,  1862,  for 

Powerful,  Clear,  Brilliant  and  Sympathetic  Tone 

with  excellence  of  workmanship,  as  shown  in  grana  au;t  square  I'iaxus. 

Iherc  were  269  Pianos,  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  entered  lor  competition, 
and  the  special  correspondent  uf  The  Titnes  says  : 

"  Messrs.  Sieinways'  indorsement  by  the  jurors  is  emphatic,  and  stronger 
and  more  to  the  point  than  that  of  any  Kuropean  maker." 

"  This  greatest  triumph  of  American  Piino-Fcrt!  s  in  Kut^'land  has  caused  a 
sensation  in  musical  circles  throughout  the  cniuuM'jit,  and,  as  a  result,  the 
Messrs.  Steinway  are  in  constant  receipt  of  oniois  irum  Ivarope,  thus  inaugu- 
rating a  ne-\y  phase  in  the  history  of  American  Piano-Fortes,  by  creating  iu 
them  an  article  of  exi)ort." 

Every   Steinway    Piano-Forte    is  Warranted    for 
Five  Years. 

Among  the  many  and  most  valuable  i!np  i:  li.it  improvements  introduced  by 
Messrs.  Stelvway  &  tfoxs,  iu  their  Fiano-iortes, 

THE  SPECIAL  ATTENTION  OF  PURCHASERS    i3  directed  to  their 

Patent   Agraffe   Arrangement. 

(For  which  letters  patent  \ve;-e  granted  them  Nov.  29,  1859.) 
The  value  and  importance  of  this  invention  having  been  practically  tested 
Since  that  time  by  Steixway  &  So.\s,  iu  all  their  Grands  and  Highest-pnced 
Square  Piano- Fortes,  and  admitted  to  be  the  greatest  improvement  of  modern 
times;  they  now  announce  that  hereafter  their  '•  Patent  j\gkaffe  Arkaxge- 
JiEXT  ''  will  be  introduced  in  every  Piano-FoHe  manufactured  by  them,  with- 
out increase  of  its  cost  to  the  pm- chaser ,  in  order  that  all  their  patrons  luay 
reap  the  full  advantage  of  this  great  improvement.  * 

Testimonials  of  Distinguished  Artists. 
We  have,  at  different  timrs,  expressed  our  opinion  regarding  the  Pianos   of 
various  makers,  hni  freely  and  unhesitatingly  pronounce  Messrs.  Steixvay  & 
Sox-i'  Pianos  superior  to  them  all. 

a.  B.  Mills,  Theo.  Thomas,         F.  Brandeis,  Carl  W^^lfsohn, 

Robert  Goldbeck,    Max  Marctzek,         Theo.  Moelling,        B.  Wollenhauptj 
Henry  C.  Timm,      Wm.  Mason,  I),  Muzio,  Chas.  WeLs, 

F.  L.  Ritter,  Robert  Heller,  Carl  Anschutz,         F.  Von  Breuning, 

Geo.  W.  Morgan,'    Wm.  Berge,  A.  H.  Pease,  Theo.  Eisefeld, 

Carl  Bei-gmaun.  And   many  others. 

From"  A  Discouasa  on  Pianos,"  by  Rev.  Henry  SVard  Beeeher. 

N.  Y.  IndepenJjint,  Dee  7,  1865. 
Upon  a  lucky  day,  a  Steinway  Piano  stood  in  oar  p;ui<jr.  For  povvei-,  »ull- 
aess,  richness  and  evenness  of  tone,  it  was  admirah!<>  ;  nor  do  we  believe  we 
could  better  our  choice.  In  our  summer  honi>'  it  stands  yet,  a  musical  avgel; 
and  our  wish  is,  that  the  day  may  come  when  every  wwrkmg  man  iu  America 
may  have  a  good  "  Steixway  Piaxo." 

Y/arerooms,  71  &  73  East  14th  St., 

Between  Union  fcquare  and  Irving  Place,  NEW    YORK, 


THE      IVE^^     I>IAPrO. 


LIMBEMAN  &  SOU'S' 

f  Htm!  €^thi)i  §ian0- Jfsrtes 


Have  Superiority  of  Actual  Melodious  Power,  a'  Purity 

and  Yocality  of  Tone,  a  Perfection  of  Touch,  and  a 

Just  Mechanical  Construction  securing  Novelty, 

Elegance  and  Strength, 

AND  WILL  STAND  IN  TUNE  LONGER  THAN  ANY 
OTHES  FORM  CE  PIANO, 


f  wtiittm^  g 


At  tlie  Pair  of  the  American  Institute,  New  York,  October,  1S65. 

At  the  Michigan  State  Fair,  October,  1S65. 

At  the  Indiana  State  Fair,  October,  1865. 

At  the  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  Agricultural  Society  Fair,  lS6a 

WAREROOMS, 

No.  2  Leroy  Place,  Bleecker  Street, 

Corner  Mercer,  one  Block  "West  of  Br6adway. 


\ 


WHOLE^.Li.  .^..^^  A^D  RETAIL 


And  4tli  Avo  cor.  cf  ^^'^^^:^^  Seventeentli  St., 

NEW   YORK. 


DJ2UQS,  r^^EDICSNES,  FAriGY  ARTICLES,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Hogeman  ci  Co.'s  D?>rZMTO,  f'>''  t!ic  instant  loniov:!!  orr;'.int,  Grease  Spots,  cto. 
H  :g3     ?ri  &,  Co  "r.  C-ir;phor  Ice  with  Givcerino,  a  certain  cure  for  Chapped  Hands, 
Suiibu.n,  Soic  JLipa,  Ci.iiblains,  etc, 

IJpg'^man  ^  Co  's  G-^niiinc  Cod  Liver  Oj!,  wm-rantefi  rnre,  and  prepared  from  f.io 
fi-'s'i  l.ivt-rs,  wit.  1(1  lit  bl<  ;u;l.in^-  or  an-,  chemicar  pi  ciiarati.m.  'i  liis  ni  ticU^  ha.s  stood  the  test  of 
filtecii  \  curs'  cxpeiicnce,  witli  iiicic\;sins  n'lmtation,  tor  C\)nsuni[)tioii.  ^crulu'.a,  etc. 

H'g3mnn  &  Go's  Cordia   Elixir  of  Calis?ya  Bark-  ivvnaved  from  tiie  Calisaya  Cor 

Kins's.  rark.btiii,'  t;^^  !.<-st  variety  ol  Peruvian  i'-;i,k.  It  is  an  a-rep.tble  cordial  to  the  taste, 
and  possessing  t  lie  va'iUalle  t.i.  ic  p-opei  tii  s  oi  tlo  laTl; — an  cxcelient  preventive  to  Fevers, 
Fever  and  Ague,  etc  ,  IVir  n-sid^nts  in  nialai  ions  distiicls. 

Hegptm^n  A-  To's  Vc'pfnu's  Diarrhea  Remerly  and  Cholera  Preventive)  ""d 

■with  nnTailinj,'  success  diirin;,-  ami  since  tlie  c  olera  ot  1S45.  A  sinjj.e  dose  will  usually  check 
or  cure  t!ie  Diarrhea.     No  faniilv  sliould  be  without  it. 

Hegeman  &  Cn  's  Hair  Tonic,  or  Ricine  Hair  Preserver.  This  is  simply  a  prepa- 
ration of  highly  purified  Castor  Oil.  combined  witli  in.-redients  that  stimulate  the  scalp  siightly, 
keepins  it  healthy,  and  effectually  preveutins  Dandruff,  Falling  off  of  the  Hair,  etc.,  keeping  it 
soft  and  curly. 


The  Most  Perfect  Iron  Tonic. 

HKGEMAN  S   FERRATED   ELIXIR    OF    BARK,    OR   ELIXIR    OP 

CALISAYA  BARK,  WITH  PYROPHOSPHATE  OF  IROX,    PREPARED  BY 
HEGEMAN  &  CO.,  CHEMISTS  AND  DRUGGISTS,  NEW  YORK. 

PYROPHO-PHATE  OF  IROX  was  introdnced  by  E.  RoEiQrET,  of  Paris,  in  1858, 
and  received  favorable  notice  from  the  1  reiich  Academy  .  it  is  easily  assimilated, 
and  not  decomposed  in  the  stomach  by  food  or  the  gastric  juice  ;  it  is  a  prompt, 
efficient  tonic,  combining  the  effects  ol' Phosphorus  and  Iron,  and  is  not  stimulat- 
ing or  irritant. 

Our  FERR.\TED  ELIXIR  OF  B.4RK  is  a  pleasant  Cordial,  possessing  the  valu- 
abl  projK'rtif^s  of  f';ilip:iya  Bark,  and  contains  cicht  grains  of  the  Pyrophosphate 
of  Iron  in  ench  flip  i  fniDr •■  :  and  in  all  cases,  where  a  mild  and  efficacious  Iroa 
Tonic  is  desired,  will  bo  iViund  a  most  valuable  preparation. 

JKg="  Samples  furnished  t'^  Physicians  on  airplication. 

PURE  VACCINE  CRUoT3,  selected  Irom  healthy  country  children,  warranted 
reliable. 


CASWELL,  MACK  &  Co., 

MAXUFACTURKRS  AND  VENDERS  OF 

Choice  Perfumeries  and  Toilet  Indispensables. 

UNDER  FIFTH  AVENUE  HOTEL, 

(Junction  Broadway  and  Fifth  Avenue,) 

MANUFACrCEKRS   03? 


PUREST  AND  SWEETEST  IN  THE  WORLD. 

FEREO-PHOSPHORATED  ELIXIR  OF 

CAL_ISAYA    BARK, 

THE  BEST  OF  ALL  TONICS, 

Caswell,  Mack  &  Co.'s  Lotus  Balm,  the  best  hair  tonic 

"^'tido  of^Seni  "^^-1  ?'^''""j''  '^^  ^^^'  ^^'^  '^'•^^^^i^g.  containing  not  a  par- 
^J^cSef'not^oif^^^'SSrSS"^^^^'^^^^^^'^^^^^^^^^^^-^^^^^^^ 

^^S'fJSht^  ^"■■''  ^'-^'f '•■"'^  f^'-^^n^-  a°  admirable  unguent  for  the  skin  in 
toJd  weather,  curing  and  preventing  chaps,  cold-sores,  etc. 

^XlL^^S^H.S>V'  I^^^P^f"'^  Karrhoea  Remedy,  the  best  medicine  for 
cuoiera,  uiarrnoea  and  cholera  morbus. 

^"^Anii  "'i?'''''''  ^n^""-'^  ^''''^''^  Powders  of  Lavender,  Rose,  New  slown  Play 
Ml  lie  l<leurs,  Carnation  link,  Heliotrope,  etc.,  all  which  comrmmicate  a 
delicious  odor  to  the  clothmg  when  put  in  drawers,  runks,e?r  * 


'  ^ 
^  s 


^ 


--.  -\  \ 


Vv 


\ 


LL  O  YD'S 


POCKET 


COMPANION  AND  GUIDE 


THROtTGH 


ive:^v^  TTOitii:  oit^^. 


FOR  1866-67. 


/ 


PUBLISHED     BY    THOMAS     LLOYD, 
lOS  ^VTater  Street, 

(Old.  U.  S.  Hotel  Building,)  NENA/  YORK. 


i^- 


!        1     V^  •" 


Entered,  according  to  Act  oT  Congress,  in  the  year  1866, by 

THOMAS  I^LOYD, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 

Southern  District  of  New  York. 


(3) 


CONTENTS. 


WPIY    IT    WAS     WRITTEN. 

PA'E 

iNTEODUcnoN. — Arrival  of  Jonathan  Griggs.      Jonathan 

wants  to  see  New  York 7 


WALK     THE     FIRST. 

On  Broadway. — The  Battery.  Castle  Garden.  Emigrants. 
Bowling  Green.  Trinity  Church.  An  Impostor. 
Jonathan  purchases  a  new  hat.  The  Crossing 
Sweeper,  St.  Paul's  Church.  Astor  House.  City 
Hall.  Stewart's  Store.  An  Accident.  New  York 
Hospital.  Pearl  Street.  Carter.  Kirtland  &  Co's. 
A  Dinner  at  Taylor's  Saloon.  The  AiTest.  Billiard 
Tables.  St.  Nicholas  Hotel.  Prescott  House.  The 
Diamond  Palace.  Metropolitan.HoteL  Sewing  Ma- 
chines. Jonathan  Buys*  a  Carriage.  History  ot  an 
Inventor.  Gurney's  Gallery.  Stewart's  Retail 
Store.  Union  Square.  Steinway'3  Pianos.  A  visit 
to  the  factory.  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel.  Madison. 
Square.     General  Scott.    Hoffman  House 11 


WALK     THE     SECOND. 

Central  Park. — Jonathan  late.  Hours  the  Park  i§  open  ; 
its  size,  location  and,  names  of  the  various  gates. 
The  Mall.  The  Lake  ;  Swans,  Venetian  Gondola. 
Music.  Croton  Reservoir.  The  Roads.  The  Trees. 
Remains  of  Military  Fortifications.  A  Menagerie. 
Play  Ground.     Jonathan  Sleepy.     Skating  Pond .. .     69 


IV.  COJJTENTS. 

WALK     THE    THIRD. 

PAGS 

Public  and  Benevolent  Institutions. — The  Tombs  ;  cost 
of  keeping  a  prisoner  Castom  House.  Bulls  aiui 
Bears.  Sub-Treasury.  Post  Office.  City  Arsenal. 
Five  Points.  House  of  Industry.  Astor  Library. 
Cooper  Union.  Mercantile  Library.  New  York  1 
University.  Bible  House.  Historical  Society,  Free 
Academy.  National  Academy  of  Design.  House 
of  Industry  and  Home  for  the  Friendless.  Institu- 
tion for  the  Blind.  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum.  Mag- 
dalene Female  Asylum.  Orphan  Asylums.  Jew's 
Hospital.  St.  Luke's  Hospital.  Children's  Hospi- 
tal. University  Medical  School.  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  Medical  College.  Medical  In- 
stitute. Medical  Dispensades,  Belle vue  Hospital. 
Black  well's  Island  and  its  Hospital,  Penitentiary, 
Aims-House,  Work-House  and  Lunatic  Asylum. 
Eandall's  Island.  Where  to  obtain  permits  to  visit 
Blackwell's  and  Randall's  Islands 70 

WALK    THE    FOURTH. 

NrwsPAPER  Offices. — Jonathan  ahead  of  time.  A  Fare 
Wanting.  The  Missing  Fare  accounted  for.  Circula- 
tion of  New  York  Papers.  Tribune,  Times,  and 
Herald.  A  visit  to  the  l^mes  Office.  Torrey  Brothers' 
Printing  Office.  Subterranean  Establishment — Din- 
ner Hour.    A  Great  Country 89 

WALK    THE    FIFTH. 

Public  Amusements. — Academy  of  Music.  Irving  Hall.  ' 
Wallack's  Theatre.  Winter  Garden.  Olympic 
Theatre.  Barnum's  Museum.  Wood's  Theatre. 
Broadway  Theatre.  Bowery  Theatre.  New  Bowery 
Theatre.  New  York  Stadt  Theatre.  Negro  Min- 
strelsy      98 


CONtfiNTS  V. 

WALK    THE    SIXTH. 

PAGS 

Wharves  and  Shipping  — Camden,  and  Amboy  Hailroad. 
Bethel  Ship,  Savannah  and  New  Orleans  Line. 
Jersey  City  Ferry.  Washington  Market.  Hoboken 
Ferry.  Erie  Eailroad.  Albany  Boats.  The  Cali^ 
fornia  Line.  The  Steamship  Arizona.  Oyster  Boats. 
Liverpool  Line.  How  Kiudliag  Wood  is  made. 
Bishop's  Derrick.  Manhattan  Gas  Company.  The 
Offal  Boat.  Across  the  East  Biver.  Hunter's 
Point  Ferry.  Novelty  Iron  Works.  Webb's  Ship 
Yard.  The  Dunderherg.  A  Kepresentative  Ameri- 
can. Italian  Marble.  Dry  Docks.  Fulton  Market. 
Dorlon  &  Shaffer's  Oyster  Saloon.  Farrar  &  Lyon. 
Franklin  lifarket.  Brooklyn  Ferries.  North  Ameri- 
can Lloyd  Line  to  Bremen 102 

-'  ALK    THE    SEVEKTH. 

Churches. — Baptist.  Congregational.  Dutch  Reformed. 
Friends.  Jewish  Synagogues^  Lutheran  Methodist 
Episcopal.  African  Methodist  Episcopal.  Methodist 
Protestant.  Presbj'terian.  United  Presbyterian. 
Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian.  Reformed  Pres- 
byterian. Protestant  Episcopal.  Roman  Catholic, 
tfnitarian.,  Universalist.    Miscellaneous.    Missions.  125 

HINTS    FOR    REFFERENCE. 

Carriage  Fares. — Banks.     Insurance  Offices.     Post  Office 

Guide...... '.....•..... 147 


(») 


ILLUSTRATIONS, 


PAGE 

Hoffman  House,  (Frontispiece,)        .       .        .>  . 

Carter,  Kirtland  b.  Co.'s  Store  .  .  .  T  .  27 
International  Hotel.  .        .        ,       *        ,        .31 

Phelan  &  Collender's  Building 35 

Ball,  Black  &  Co.'s ,        .    41 

Metropolitan  Hotel     ....,.,        43 

"Wheeler  &  Wilson's  BuiLDiNa 45 

Steinwat  &  Son's  Warerooms  .  .  ;^  •  .  53 
Steinwat  &  Son's  Manutactort  .7  <»  .  .  '.ST 
The  Bible  House  .  .  ..•";";.  77 
Steamship  "Constitution"  ,  .  ,^  ,  ,  .115 
United  States  Lunch  Rooms] 123 


0) 


WHY  IT  WAS  WRITTEN. 

J  _ — .   <  ♦■« 

1  will  introduce  myself.    Header,  my  name  is  John  Wetherbt. 

I  was  born  in  Greenwich  Street,  near  the  Battery.     At  that 

,  period  Greenwich  was  a  far  different  street  to  what  it  is  now. 

'  Then,  many  of  our  leading  merchants  had  their  residences 

there'.    However,  we  have  not  to  do  with  Greenwich  Street, 

beyond  the  fact  that  I  was  born  there. 

Neither  would  I  have  mentioned  that,  if  I  had  not  wanted 
to  show  that  I  am  a  native  of  New  York  City,  and  to  the  man- 
ner born.  I  have  grown  with  its  growth,  and  there  is  not  a 
nook  or  corner  on  the  whole  Island  of  Manhattan  that  I  am 
not  familiar  with. 

I  am  now  a  hale,  hearty  old  man  of But  no !    There 

are  some  secrets  a  man  kpeps  locked  up  within  his  breast. 
Suffice  it  that  I  am  a  tolerably  old  man,  and  have  never  been 
absent  from  the  city  more  than  a  month  at  a  time  since  my 
birth. 

Walking  is  my  delight.  Often,  stick  in  hand,  do  I  start  out 
of  a  morning,  and  roam  about  the  whole  long  day,  viewing 
the  various  pkces  of  interest,  and  noting  down  in  my  memory 
any  curious  or  quaint  story. 

I  have  said  walking  is  my  delight.  So  also  is  it  my  pride. 
I  am  proud  that  I  can  still  out- walk  many  a  younger  man. 

A  nephew  of  mine,  who  was  brought  up  in  an  Eastern  city, 
once  pa'id  me  a  visit,  but  I  walked  him  off  his  legs  in  no  time. 
On  the  second  day  he  protested  against  so  much  walking,  and 
actually  wanted  to  hire  a  carriage. 

I  sternly  declined  such  a  conveyance.  I  told  him  that  Nature 
had  given  us  legs  to  use,  and  we  ought  to  use  them— not  keep 
them  cooped  up  imder  the  seat  of  a  carriage. 

It  was  no  use  talking  to  him  ;  so  I  let  him  have  his  own 
way,  but  positively  refused  .to  accompany  him.    Subsequently 


8  ARUlVAL   OF    JONATHAN    GRtGGS. 

he  regretted  this,  for,  without  a  guide,  he  left  the  city  very 
little  wiser  than  he  came. 

This,  it  must  be  confessed,  set  me  thinkii\g  ;  and  I  thought 
of  the  m.any  strangers  that  visited  New  York  and  departed  in 
the  same  condition  as  my  nephew. 

"  Why  not/'  I  pondered,  "  write  a  Guide  of  the  goodly  City 
of  New  York  ?  " 

The  idea  grew^  strong  upon  me.  So  I  determined  upon  writing 
one  that  would  be  equally  useful  to  the  resident  or  the  tran- 
eient  visitor,  whether  viewed  while  riding  or  afoot. 

It  was  evening.  I  had  just  partaken  of  my  supper,  and  en- 
sconced myself  in  my  easy  chair  to  read  the  evening  papers, 
when  I  heard  a  carriage  drive  rapidly  up  to  my  door. 

"That  can  be  nobody  for  me,"  I  muttered.  But  that  asser- 
tion was  seemingly  contradicted  by  the  door-bell  being  violently 
rung. 

"  Who  can  it  possibly  be  ?  I  expect  nobody.  Some  one  has 
mistaken  the  house. "  So  I  turned  once  more  to  my  news- 
paper. 

In  a  few  minutes  my  hired  girl  entered  the.  room,  and  told 
me  a  gentleman  was  down  stairs  in  the  parlor  who  wished  to 
Bee  me. 

"■  A  gentleman !  That  can't  be,"  I  said,  somewhat  foolishly 
it  must  be  owned. 

"  Yes,  sir,  it  can,"  she  replied  ;  "he  said  he  wanted  to  see 
Mr.  John  Wetherby,  and  that's  your  name." 

"Well,  well,  tell  him  I'll  be  down  directly,''  and  I  com- 
menced putting  on  my  coat  and  boots,  for  when  interrupted  I 
was  taking  mine  ease  in  dressing-gown  and  slippers. 

On  entering  the  parlor  I  discovered  that  my  visitor  was  my 
old  friend  Jonathan  Griggs,  whom  I  had  not  seen  for  years. 

"  Why,  Jonathan  !  "  I  exclaimed. 

"  Why,  John  !  "  he  ejaculated. 

And  we  seized  one  another's  hands  and  shook  j;hem  BO 
warmly  that  it  would  have  done  you  good  to  have  seen  it. 

"  When  did  you  arrive  ?  "  I  asked,  as  soon  as  I  had  recovered 
sufficient  breath  to  put  the  questicJn,  for  the  hand  shaking  had 


WHO   JONATHAN    GRIGGS   !S.  9 

been  so  hearty  that  it  partook  somewhat  of  violent  exer- 
cise. 

''  Only  just  now.  As  soon  as  I  got  off  the  cars,  I  called  a 
carriage  and  drove  to  your  hoUvSe." 

"  That's  right.  If  you  hadn't  done  so,  I  would  never  have 
forgiven  you.     You  stay  with  me,  of  course  ?  " 

"  If  you  have  any  place  to  put  me." 

"  Any  place  to  put  you  !  Jonathan,  you  shall  have  the  best 
room  in  the  house.  A  room,  did  I  say  ?  While  you  are  here, 
the  whole  house  is  yours,  and  at  your  disposal.'' 

**  The  same  impetuous  John  Wetherby  as  of  old,"  said  Jona- 
than, smiling.  ''  I  shan't  want  the  whole  house,  John,  but  I 
will  accept  a  room  in  it." 

"  Then  the  affair  is  Fettled.  Where  is  your  baggage  ?  We 
must  send  for  it  at  once." 

"  It  was  on  the  carriage  at  the  door,  but,  by  the  bumps  I 
heard  in  the  hall  just  now,  I  imagine  the  hackman  guessed  I 
was  going  to  stay  here,  and  has  deposited  it  there  already." 

This  supposition  was  soon  verified  by  Mary  entering  the 
room  and  stating  that  the  coachman  wanted  his  fare. 

After  Jonathan  had  been  shown  to  his  room,  and  he  had 
cleansed  himself  of  the  dust  and  grit  of  travel,  we  sat  down  to 
spend  a  comfortable  evening  and  talk  over  old  times. 

Dear  me  .'  I  have  been  so  busy  receiving  Jonathan  Griggs 
that  I  have  almost  forgotten  to  introduce  him.  It  is  an  over- 
sight almost  unpardonable,  but  I  will  now  strive  to  make 
amends. 

Jonathan  is  now  a  large  farmer  out  West,  owns  ever  so  many 
thousand  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  corn  and  cattle  raisers 
in  the  whole  State  of  Illinois. 

He  went  out  there  when  he  was  quite  a  young  man— proper- 
ly speaking,  he  was  only  a  boy— and  by  his  energy  and  indus- 
try made  himself  what  he  is. 

That  is  now  over  thirty  years  ago,  and  this  was  his  first  visit 
to  New  York  since  his  departure.  Consequently,  he  was  as 
much  a  stranger  in  the  city  as  though  he  had  never  been 
in  it. 

"  We  sat  long  into  the  night,  and  it  was  with  a  feeling  of  re- 


10  THE    START. 

luctance  we  parted  to  take  the  rest  we  Both  needed—but  Jona- 
than more  than  I,  as  he  had  been  traveling. 

In  the  morning,  after  we  had  partaken  of  breakfast,  to  which 
we  did  ample  justice,  1  asked  my  friend  Griggs  how  long  he 
intended  to  remain  in  New  York. 
I     ''  A  week.     Then  I  have  to  visit  some  friends  down  East.'' 

"  Only  a  week  !   Why,  you  can't  see  New  York  in  a  week." 

"  That's  all  the  time  lean  spare  ;  so  I  must  make  the  best 
of  that.  I  place  myself  under  your  guidance,  and  you  must 
show  me  as  many  of  the  sights  as  possible  in  that  time." 

"  Can  you  walk  ?  "  was  my  only  reply  to  this. 

**  My  dear  John,  what  a  question  !  I  am  as  robust  and  as 
healthy  as  ever,  and  you  know  in  my  younger  days  I  was  no 
mean  pedestrian." 

"That's  sufficient.  Come,  let  us  be  off  at  once  ;  "  so,  taking 
our  hats  and  sticks,  we  sallied  out,  arm-in-arm,  to  view  the 
sights  and  see  the  lions  of  New  York. 


(11) 


WALK    THE    FIRST. 

BROADWAY. 

"This,"  said  I,  as  the  stage  deposited  us  at  the  extreme  end 
of  Broadway,  **  is  the  Battery." 

"  Indeed,"  replied  Griggs,  who  was  all  eyes  and  ears  ;  "  but 
where  are  the  cannons  ?  *' 

"  Cannons,"  I  exclaimed  ;  "  this  is  not  a  battery  proper,  but 
only  bears  that  name.  Tbat  round  building  on  the  edge  of  the 
water  is  called  Castle  Garden." 

"  I  have  heard  of  that  before.  When  Jenny  Lind  came  to 
this  country,  she  made  her  first  appearance  there;"  and 
Griggs  was  delighted  at  his  knowledge. 

"  True,''  I  replied  ;  "  it  was  one  time  a  fortification,  but  now 
it  is  devoted  to  more  peaceful  pursuits,  being  used  as  an  emi- 
grant depot.'' 

**  Is  that  where  all  the  emigrants  land  ?  " 

''Yes,  every  one  of  them.  It  is  an  excellent  institution, 
and  saves  many  a  poor  person  from  being  robbed  of  all  they 
possess  in  the  world." 

♦*How?" 

*'  In  former  times  the  emigrant,  as  soon  as  the  ship  touched 
the  dock,  was  dumped  out  upon  the  pier  like  so  much  mer- 
chandise, and  made  to  shift  for  himself  the  best  way  he  could. 
Sharpers  were  on  the  watch  for  him  ;  he  was  robbed  and  cheat- 
ed in  every  direction  ;  and  in  a  few  hours  he  had  not  a  cent 
left  to  bless  himself  with." 

"  Poor  fellow  !  How  terrible  it  must  be.  In  a  strange 
country  ;  no  friends  ;  no  home  ;  and  robbed  of  your  all  !  '' 

*'  That  is  altered  now.  As  soon  as  the  emigrant  arrives  here, 
he  is  at  once  taken  in  charge  by  the  Commissioners  of  Emi- 
gration, who  watch  over  and  care  for  him  as  though  his  inte- 
rests were  their  own.  If  the  emigrant  wishes  to  go  East,  West, 
Kortb,  or  SouUi,  his  r^road  ticket  is  procured  for  him,  and  he 


12  THE   B0WL'ir«6   GREEN. 

is  started  toward  his  destination  without  the  expenditure  of  ail 
unnecessary  cent." 

"  And  what  do  the  Comifiissicners  of  Emigration  charge  for 
their  trouhle  ? ' ' 

*'  Kothiug.  The  people  of  the  Empire  State  pay  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  poor  emigrant,  and  it  is  their  pride  to  do  so." 

"A  most  excellent  institution.'' 

"  It  is  indeed.  Many  a  poor  foreigner  has  had  reason  to  eay 
the  same.'' 

"  What  is  that  little  inclosure  ? ' ' 

"That  is  the  Bowling  Green.'' 

"  Do  they  play  bowls  there  ?  "  asked  my  friend  Griggs^ 

"No,  not  now  ;  but  before  the  Revolution  it  was  used  as 
Buch." 

"There  is  a  fountain  there,"  said  Griggs,  delighted  as  a 
child  at  the  jet  of  water  that  was  spirting  up. 

'  'Yes  ;  and  where  that  fountain  now  stands  was  once  a 
leaden  statue  of  George  III.,  which,  at  the  commencement  of 
the  Revolution,  was  torn  down  and  moulded  into  bullets." 

"  How  interesting  !  What  a  number  of  omnibuses  !  Gra- 
cious, they  seem  endless.  It  appears  to  me  that  everybody 
must  ilde  in  New  York,  or  else  they  would  never  want  such  a 
number  of  stages.'' 

"  Some  people  walk,"  I  replied,  laughing,  "  as  you  will  see 
before  we  finish  our  peregrinations.'' 

**  How  many  omnibuses  are  there,  do  you  know  ? " 

"Yes,  I  do.  There  are  nearly  seven  hundred  stages  that  go 
up  and  down  Broadway  daily.  Each  one.  on  an  average,  makes 
ten  trips  per  diem.  A  trip  is  the  journey  down  and  up  again. 
This  makes  it  equal  to  the  employment  of  seven  thousand 
stages  daily  for  the  use  of  our  citizens.  " 

"  Dear  cae  !     And  do  they  all  pay  ? '' 

"  Indeed,  do  they.  Besides  these,  there  are  several  car  lines, 
all  of  which  are  more  or  less  crowded,  and  which  I  will  tell  you 
about  in  course  of  time.'' 

''  What  church  is  this  ?  " 

"  The  Church  of  Trinity.  It  is  the  oldest  church  on  Broad- 
way.   That  street  opposite  is  Wall  Street.     In  it  are  the  Ous- 


TftlNItr  CHtRCH.  13 

torn  House  and  the  Treasury  building,  which  we  will  visit  one 
rjl  these  days.'' 

"  Can  we  enter  this  church  ? ' ' 

"Certainly.  Every  visitor  to  ITew  York  should  do  the 
same  ;  ascend  the  steeple,  and  there  view  the  city  which  lies 
stretched  out  like  a  map  at  his  feet." 

Our  ascent  of  the  steeple  was  a  work  of  some  little  difficulty, 
for  both  Griggs  and  myself  are  no^^  so  young  as  we  once  were  ; 
and  though  we  can  hold  our  own  with  many  a  younger  man 
upon  level  ground,  stairs  and  ladders  have  a  tendency  to  make 
us  breathe  somewhat  hurriedly. 

But  our  exertions  were  amply  repaid  by  the  beautiful  sight 
that  met  our  gaze,  as  we  looked  out  from  our  giddy  height 
upon  the  world  below.  Beneath  us  lay  the  city,  which  now 
appeared  in  all  its  vastness  and  power.  No  one  who  has  not 
viewed  the  Metropolis  of  the  "Western  World  from  an  elevated 
position  can  form  an  adequate  idea  of  its  greatness. 

"As  we  look  beneath  us,"  said  I  to  Jonathan,  "and  see 
the  busy  throng  hurrying  to  and  fro,  hither  and  thither,  each 
bent  on  his  own  particular  business  and  the  accumulation  of 
wealth,  and  then  cast  our  eyes  upon  the  stores  and  warehouses, 
many  of  them  filled  to  depletion  with  the  products  of  every 
nation  upon  the  face  of  the  earth,  brought  hither  by  those 
very  ships  we  now  see  fringing  the  shore,  we  can  scarcely  be- 
lieve that  a  little  over  230  years  ago  the  whole  of  this  island 
was  purchased  of  the  Indians  for  a  sum  equivalent  to  twenty- 
four  dollars.     Yet  so  it  was.'' 

*'  No !     Is  that  so  ?    A  mighty  good  speculation. " 

"And  now  its  estimated  value  is  between  seven  and  eight 
hundred  millions.'' 

Jonathan  could  only  gape  at  me  open-mouthed  with  aston- 
ishment. 

"  In  this  city  over  two  bundled  miles  of  paved  streets  have 
already  'been  surveyed  and  laid,  leaving  room  for  over  one 
hundred  more  streets  not  yet  projected. ' ' 

"How  large  is  the  city  ? ''  queried  Jonathan. 

"  From  the  Battery  to  Harlem  Bridge  is  eight  and  a  half 
iniles  ;  the  are^,  twenty-three  square  miles." 


14  THE  CHIMES   OF   TRINITY. 

"  A  wonderful  city,  truly." 

"  Wonderful,  indeed.  Destined  at  no  late  day  to  be  ttie 
foremost  city  in  the  world — though,  perhaps,  not  rich  in  his- 
torical association  and  buildings,  rich  in  energy,  tact,  and  com- 
mercial enterprise  that  will  soon  place  it  beyond  the  reach  of 
foreign  rivalry.'' 

Jonathan  made  a  motion  as  if  to  speak,  but,  apparently 
seeming  to  think  better  of  it,  he  refrained  ;  so  I  continued  : 

"  On  the  right,  Jonathan,  if  you  will  look  through  this  little 
window,  you  can  see  our  justly  celebrated  and  beautiful  Bay, 
dotted  with  the  ve.«:sels  of  every  clime.  Beyond  that  are  the 
Narrows  ;  and,  stretching  far  away  in  the  dim  distance,  may  be 
seen  the  delightful  Highlands  of  Navesink." 

"  How  far,"  or  rather  how  extended  a  view,  can  you  obtain 
from  here  ? ' ' 

"About  twenty  miles.  But  come,  if  you  have  enough  of 
this,  let  us  get  down  " 

So  saying,  we  proceeded  to  the  floor  below,  in  which  are  the 
chimes,  the  finest  in  Ameri'^a.  Pointing  them  out  to  Jonathan, 
he  wished  to  know  why  there  were  so  many  bells,  and  stated 
that  at  home,  in  the  part  of  country  he  came  from,  one  bell 
was  sufficient  to  ring  the  people  into  church. 

"Certainly,''  I  said,  "one  bell  is  enough  to  summon 
people  to  church,  but  one  bell  can  never  ring  out  such  music 
as  these.'' 

"  Music  ? "  echoed  Griggs. 

"Yes.  On  all  holidays  the  bell-ringer  peals  out  the  most 
delightful-  music,  comprising  such  tunes  as  '  The  Star-spangled 
Banner,'  'Hail  Columbia!'  'Yankee  Docdle,'  'The  Last 
Kose  of  Summer,'  and  other  melodies  of  a  like  nature.'' 

"How  I  should  like  to  hear  them.'' 

"  And  so  you  could  if  you  were  in  the  city  on  Washington's 
Birthday,  the  Fourth  of  July,  Christmas  Eve,  or  New  Year's 
Day." 

"  What  a  pity  it  is  I  can't  be,''  and  Jonathan  heaved  a  deep 
sigh. 

When  we.  had  once  more  reached  level  ground,  and  were 
bIiowu  the  beautiful  chancel  service  of  silver  that  had  beea 


THE    BEGGING   IMPOSTOPw  15 

presented  to  the  church  by  Queen  Anne,  we  went  to  look  at 
the  exterior,  and  view  the  monuments  that  have  been  erected 
to  many  illustrious  men,  such  as  Alexander  Hamilton,  Commo- 
dore Lawrence,  and  Lieut.  Ludlow. 

On  the  north  east  corner  of  the   churchyard,  just  facing 
Broadway,  a  very  fine  monument,  in  an  architectural  point  of 
view,  has  been  raised  to  the  "Sugar  House  Martyrs,"  and- 
those  American  patriots  who  fought  and  fell  in  striving  for 
and  obtaining  our  National  Independence. 

'^  Is  Trinity  a,  very  old  church  1  "  asked  Griggs. 

'*  It  is  the  olde.-t  church  in  the  city.  The  first  building  was 
destroyed  by  tire  in  1776,  and  rebu  It  in  1790.  This  second 
edifice  was  pulled  down  in  1839,  and  the  present  noble  struc- 
ture erected.     It  was  finished  and  consecrated  in  1846." 

"  How  high  above  the  level  of  the  street  do  yon  think  we 
ascended  ? " 

"  About  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  '* 

*'  Ko  !  I  never  was  up  so  high  before.  That  will  be  some- 
thing to  talk  of  when  I  return  home.  Why,  my  neighbors 
will  scarcely  credit  it;  "  and  Griggs  was  evidently  delighted  at 
the  surprise  he  intended  giving  his  friends. 

"The  extreme  height  of  the  steeple  is  two  hundred  and 
eighty-four  feet ;  length  of  the  building  one  hundred  and 
ninety-two  feet ;  breadth,  eighty  feet ;  height,  sixty  feet." 

"  What  a  memory  you  have  !  " 

"  1  told  you  I  knew  New  York  pretty  well.  But  let  us  be 
going  ;  we  have  more  sights  to  see."  • 

As  we  left  the  church,  Griggs,  who  was  a  little  in  advance, 
was  accosted  by  a  man  all  grimy  with  coal  dust,  carrying  upon 
his  shoulder  a  shovel  and  a  basket.  To  him  this  man  told  a 
:  most  piteous  tale  :  how  he  had  been  sick  for  over  twelve 
weeks,  and  in  the  hospital,  leaving  his  sickly  wife  and  six 
young  children  totally  unprovided  for.  He  was  now  trying  to 
earn  a  few  cents  by  carrying  in  coal,  but  up  to  that  hour  he 
had  been  unsuccessful.  Griggs'  heart  opened  in  a  moment, 
and,  putting  his  hand  in  his  pocket,  was  about  bestowing  alms 
upon  the  man  when  I  arrived  upon  the  scene. 

"  What  are  you  doing,  Jonathan  ? ''  I  asked. 


16  HOW  TO   GIVE   ALMS. 

"  This  poor  fellow  here  is  iu  great  want.  He  has  a  wife  and 
six  children,  and  has  been  sick  himself.  Let  us  give  him 
something,  John.'' 

"  I  will  not  give  him  a  cent,''  I  replied  ;  *'  and  if  he  does  not 
immediately  be  oft,  I  will  give  him  in  charge  of  the  police." 

"  Why,  John,''  exclaimed  Griggs,  with  a  look  of  horrified 
surprise,  "  how  can  you  be  so  cruel  ? " 

"Cruel!  Not  at  all.  Look  how  he  slinks  away  at  the 
mention  of  the  word  policeman.  That  man,  Jonathan,  is  au 
impostor." 

"  Goodness  gracious— an  impostor  ?" 

"  Yes  ;  he  has  been  about  the  city,  playing  that  same  old 
dodge,  for  years." 

"  You  don't  say  so?  "  ejaculated  Griggs,  opening  his  eyes 
with  astonishment;  "I  was  just  going  to  give  him  some 
money." 

"  I  saw  you  were.  But,  Jonathan,  it  would  be  a  safe  plan, 
and  the  most  judicious,  not  to  give  a  cent  to  any  beggars. 
When  you  feel  like  giving  away  money  in  charity,  give  it  to 
some  public  institution,  not  indiscriminately  in  .the  street. 
The  Commissioners  of  Charities  and  Corrections  are  especially 
appointed  by  the  city  to  look  after  and  relieve  the  deserving 
poor.'' 

"  That  is  a  very  good  idea.  I  will  do  as  you  suggest.  During 
my  stay  in  New  York,  whenever  I  feel  like  giving  money  away 
in  charity,  I  will  put  the  amount  I  intended  giving  in  a  sepa- 
rate pocket,  and  \^hen  I  leave  will  send  it  to  that  institution 
I  think  most  needs  it." 

"  A  capital  idea.  If  every  one  were  to  follow  your  sugges- 
tion, there  would  be  fewer  beggars  to  importune  or  annoy 
people  in  their  walks.'' 

Jonathan  Griggs  became  so  enthusiastic  and  elated  over  this 
proposition  of  his  that  he  paid  no  attention  to  where  he  was 
going,  and  as  we  were  crossing  Cortland  Street  I  was  alarmed 
and  startled  by  seeing  him  floundering  and  scrambling  under 
the  very  feet,  apparently,  of  a  horse  attached  to  a  dray. 

His  hat  was  knocked  off  and  trampled  in  the  mud  and  mire 
of  the  street,  his  cane  lay  in  the  gutter,  and  he  himself  was 


JOJJATHAn's    ACCtDRNT.  iT 

performing  some  of  the  most  curious  gyrations  ever  before  at- 
tempted by  any  staid,  respectable  old  gentleman  on  Broadway. 

The  driver  quickly  pulled  up  his  horse,  and  in  another  mo- 
ment I  had  Griggs,  panting  and  breathless,  on  the  sidewalk. 

"  Are  you  hurt  ? ' '  I  anxiously  inquired. 

"  No,  no,''  responded  Griggs,  cautiously  feeling  his  arms  and 
legs  to  see  if  he  was  uninjured  ;  "I  don't  think  I  am  ;  but  it 
Somewhat  frightened  me." 

'^  And  no  wonder,  for  it  frightened  me  also,  and  I  was  not 
fitrugfling  with  a  horse.    How  did  it  happen  ?  " 

*'  Well,  John,  I  really  don't  know  ;  but  I  think  it  was  all  my 
fault,  as  I  was  not  looking  -where  I  was  going." 

Jonathan  Griggs'  hat,  which  had  been  picked  up  and  handed 
to  him  by  some  of  the  passers-by,  was  in  a  most  deplorable 
state.  It  was  crushed  out  of  all  shape,  and  almost  unrecog- 
nizable from  mud.  His  clothes  were  also  bespattered,  and  it 
was  absolutely  necessary  he  should  be  brushed  off  before  we 
proceeded  on  our  walk  ;  so,  taking  him  across  to  the  Howard 
House,  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Maiden  Lane,  I  requested 
the  boot-black  of  that  hot-el  to  make  Jonathan  again  present- 
able, which  he  speedily  did.  But  his  liat  was  beyond  redemp- 
tion. There  was  a  big  indentation  in  the  front,  and  a  slit  ex- 
tending from  the  crown  to  the  rim  had  been  made  in  the  back. 
Passing  again  into  the  street,  we  soon  found  that  Jonathan's 
battered  hat  was  attracting  gxeat  and  universal  attention. 
Many  were  the  remarks  made  upon  it,  and  many  were  the 
titters  given  as  we  were  passed  by,  some  unruly  boys  even 
going  so  far  as  to  aSik  Jonathan  who  was  his  hatter.  This 
could  hardly  be  wondered  at,  for,  to  say  the  least,  it  did  look 
somewhat  curious  to  see  a  man,  otherwise  respectably  attired, 
adorned  with  such  remarkable  head  gear. 

''John,"  queried  Griggs,  "don't  you  think  the  remarks 
made  ^bout  hats  are  applied  to  me  ?  " 

"Yes,  Jonathan,  I  think  they  are;  indeed,  I  might  say, 
though  not  wishing  to  hurt  or  wound  your  feelings,  I  am  sure 
they  ar£." 

"  You  don't  -say  so  !  I  was  laboring  under  that  impression 
myself.    John,  I  must  buy  a  new  hat.    Where  can  I  get  one  ?  " 


18  THE    CROSSING-SWEEPER. 

"  I  will  show  you.  The  man  I'm  about  to  take  you  to  is  the 
hatter  of  all  hatters.  His  styles  set  the  fashion  in  New  York, 
and  you  can  safely  say  that  every  well-dressed,  stylish-looking 
man  you  meet  wears  one  of  his  hats." 

"You  don't  tell  me!  Where  does  this  celebrated  hatter 
live,  and  what  is  his  name  ? " 

"  He  lives  at  210  Broadway,  corner  of  Fulton- street,  and  his 
name  is  Knox  ?  " 
^  "  Why,  I  have  heard  of  him  ouj}  West.'' 

'*  I  have  no  doubt ;  but  here  is  the  store."  ■  ^ 

So,  entering,  Jonathan  was  soon  fitted  with  a  becoming  hat 
from  the  varied  and  extensive  assortment  always  kept  on  hand 
by  Knox. 

*'  It  is  astonishing,''  said  Jonathan,  "  how  a  decent  hat  adds 
to  the  appearance  of  a  man,  and  makes  him  satisfied  with  him- 
self." 

"  A  trite  and  true  remark,''  I  responded. 
Ab  we  crossed  Broadway,  opposite  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  order 
to  obtain  a  view  of  the  new  building  now  being  erected  at  the 
corner  of  Ann  Street  and  Broadway,  by  James  Gordon  Bennett, 
the  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  New  York  Herald^  and  to  be  occu- 
pied, on  its  completion,  for  the  transaction  of  business  and  publi- 
cation of  that  influential  journal,  a  little  crossing-sweeper,  broom 
in  hand,  importuned  me  for  a  penny.  As  I  was  about  to  give 
her  one,  Jonathan,  laying  his  hand  upon  my  arm,  stopped  me 
with — "  Why,  how's  this?  I  thought  you  told  me  never  to 
give  anything  to  beggars  ?  " 

"  So  I  did.  But  this  girl  is  not  a  beggar  ;  she  works  for 
what  she  asks  for  ;  she  is,  you  might  almost  say,  a  necessity ; 
by  keeping  this  crossing  clean,  she  helps  to  keep  my  feet  dry 
and  my  boots  unspotted.  '  The  laborer  is  worthy  of  his 
hire  ; '  so  I  givj  her  a  penny.'' 

"  Quite  right,  too,''  ejaculated  Griggs  ;  "  I  did  not  think  of 
it  in  that  light ; ''  and  the  kind-hearted  fellow  dropped  a  dime 
in  her  hand. 

"  This,''  said  I,  facing  Jonathan  round  to  look  at  the  edifice 

corner  of  Broadway  and  Vesey  Street,  "  is  St.  Paul's  Church." 

**  Oh  !  yes,"  chimed  in  Griggs,  always  ready  to  impart  what 


ST.  Paul's  cnrRCH.  19 

little  inforrnation  he  possessed  of  New  York,  "  I  know  ;  Gene- 
ral George  Washington  att^-uded  Divine  service  at  this  place  of 
worship  after  his  inauguration." 

''  Yes  ;  quite  right ;  I  see  you  are  posted  on  some  of  the  his- 
torical events  of  New  York  " 

"  1  have  read  a  little  about  New  York,"  said  my  friend 
Jonathan  Griggs,  stiffening  himself  up,  and  hlusliing  like  a 
girl  at  the  compliment  I  paid  him  ;  "  but  what  entablature  is 
that?  "  ho  asked,  pointing  to  a  small  slab  of  marble  inlaid  on 
the  front  of  the  building. 

"That,''  said  I,  "  is  in  commemoration  of  the  gallant  Gene- 
ral Montgomery,  who  foU  at  Quebec  during  the  Revolutionary 
struggle.  St.  Paul's  is  also  famous  for  two  other  monuments- 
one  of  Robert  Emmet,  the  Irish  pitriot ;  the  other,  of  George 
Frederick  Cooke,  the  eminent  tragedian." 

I  would  here  mention  that  strangers  visiting  New  York  in- 
variably want  to  know  the  height,  length,  and  breadth  of 
every  building  ;  so,  imagining,  anrl  correctly,  my  friend  was  no 
exception  to  the  rule,  I  continued  : 

*' St.  Paul's  Church  is  151  feet  high,  73  feet  wide,  and  the 
extreme  elevation  of  the  steeple  i-i  203  feet." 

"My  goodness  !  you  know  everything."  exclaimed  Jonatlian, 
clapping  his  hands  together  with  mingled  admiration  and  sur- 
prise. 

"  No,  not  everything,''  I  returned,  smiling  ;  ''but  there  are 
few  men  living  who  are  more  thoroughly  acquainted  with  New 
York  City  as  it  is  than  I  am.'' 

"That  I  most  readily  believe.  But  what  is  that  large 
granite  building  on  the  opposite  corner  ?  " 

'*  That  is  the  Astor  House,  the  largest  and  best  hotel  down 
town.  It  has  been  built  twenty  six  years,  and  has  received 
within  its  walls  as  guests  some  of  the  most  distinguished  men 
of  modern  times.  It  can  accommodate  now  over  600  guests  at 
one  t^me." 

"  Quite  a  little  town  in  itself,  I  declare,"  murmured  Griggs. 
That's  £0.     Let  us  enter  for  a  few  seconds  and  take  a  look 
at  the  rotunda." 

So  we  ascended  the  steps  and  entered  the  room>  situated  oa 
tho  ground  floor,  that  bears  that  name. 


20  THE    CITY    HALL. 

"Here,"  I  continued,  "the  thirsty  can  bibnlate  and  the 
hungiy  can  be  fed  (if  their  impecuniosity  is  not  too  great  to 
prevent  them),  even  if  they  are  not  guests  of  the  house.'' 

"  It  is  a  handsome  and  commodious  room/' said  Jonathan, 
gazing  vfondrously  around  him  ;  "  and  the  frescoes  on  the  ceil- 
ing are  quite  pretty,  too.'' 

"  Yes,  the  house  throughout  is  well  appointed  and  fitted  up. 
But  come  ;  time  flies  ;  let  us  be  getting  farther  up  town." 

Once  more  in  the  street,  Jonathan  Griggs,  wishing  to  see  the 
height  of  the  building,  backed  himself  into  the  street,  and  for 
the  Second  time  that  day  nearly  made  a  Juggernaut  sacrifice  of 
himself  by  being  crushed  by  a  passing  vehicle. 

Kescuing  him  from  this  second  danger,  I  told  him— some- 
what petulantly  it  must  be  confessed — he  must  certainly  be 
more  careful  for  the  future,  or  I  most  positively  would  not  ac- 
company him  if  lie  insisted  on  risking  his  life  and  limbs  in 
Buch  a  reckless  manner. 

He  was  all  apologies  in  a  moment,  and  as  penitent  as  a 
chided  child.  So  sorry  did  he  appear,  that  I  regretted  having 
said  a  word,  and  turned  the  conversation  by  pointing  out  to 
him  the  City  Hall  and  its  surrounding  park,  situated  just 
across  the  way. 

*'The  City  Hall  Park,"  I  commenced,  in  my  character  of 
showman,  "  contains  about  eleven  acres.  That  white  building 
which  you  see  at  the  northern  end  of  the  inclosure,  is  the  City 
Hall,  in  which  the  City  Fathers  are  supposed  to  dispense  justice, 
of  which  that  figure  perched  on  the  summit  is  the  em- 
blem." 

"  And  there  is  a  fountain  here,  too,  same  as  on  the  Bowling 
Green." 

"  Yes  ;  but  this  one  is  generally  dry,  though  occasionally  it 
does  give  a  few  spasmodic  squirts.  In  former  days,  strangers 
and  visitors  from  the  country  were  often  fleeced  by  sharpers 
when  they  attempted  to  enter  any  one  of  the  park^ates. 
One  of  these  scamps  would  accost  the  stranger  and  demand 
money  for  admittance,  which  the  stranger,  not  being  accus- 
tomed to  the  ways  and  manners  of  New  York,  would  incontl- 
itently  pay. 

* '  The  scoundrels  1 ' '  vehemently  exclaimed  Jonathan  Griggs, 


THE.  CITY   HALL   CLOCK.  21 

casting  a  snspicioua  look  around  and  hastily  buttoning  up  his 
pockets. 

"But,  thanks  to  the  eflficiency  of  the  Metropolitan  Police, 
Buch  petty  ways  of  extortion  nre  never  heard  of  now." 

' '  And  are  your  police  good  ? ' ' 

"Good?  Taken  as  a  whole,  there  never  was  a  finer  body 
of  men  in  the  world.  Even  foreigners  praise  our  police  system  ; 
and  New  Yorkers  may  well  point  with  pride  v/hen  they  see 
them  marching-  in  platoons  up  Broadway." 

Here  Jonathan  pulled  out  his  watch  to  compare  it  with  the 
City  Hall  clock,  and  inquired  if  the  latter  was  right. 

"New  York  time  u  governed  by  that  clock.  I  presume 
that  every  man  who  possesses  a  watch,  and  whose  business  is 
downtown,  regulates  his  timepiece  by  it.  It  originally  cost 
$4,000." 

"  Four  thousand  dollars !  "  ejaculated  the  astounded  Griggs  ; 
"  a  good  price  fur  a  clock." 

"True  ;  but  then  it's  a  good  clock  for  the  price.  The  main 
wheels  «>f  it  are  two  feet  six  ijiches  in  diameter,  and  the  pen- 
dulum-bob weisrhs  three  hundred  pounds." 

"  Gracious  goodness  !  Three  hundred  pounds!"  muttered 
the  astounded  Jonathan. 

"Tlie  works  of  the  clock,"  I  continued,  "are  not  imme- 
diately behind  the  face,  as  many  suppose,  but  in  the  story  be- 
low, and  are  connected  with  the  hands  by  rods  twelve  feet  in 
length." 

Jonathan  Griggs  lifted  up  his  hands  in  mute  surprise. 

"  The  building  itself  was  commtnced  in  1803,  and  finished  in 
1810  In  it  are  the  Mayor's  offices,  the  Common  Council's, 
and  several  others,  all  intimately  connected  with  municipal 
affairs  " 

*'  What  is  that  unfinished  building  behind  intended  for  ?  " 

"  That,  when  finished,  is  to  be  the  new  City  Hall.  It  is 
Ifiirger  and  more  commodious  than  the  present  one,  and,  owing 
to  the  rapid  growth  and  increase  of  the  city,  was  found  abso- 
lutely necessary  in  order  to  facilitate  tlie  city's  business.'' 

Jonathan,  apparently  thinking  he  ought  to  say  something, 
mumbled,  "Indeed I  " 


22       .  ALEXANDER  t.    STfiWAHf* 

"The  corner-stone,"  I  went  on,  "was  laid  in  1<S62,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  that  1867  will  see  the  completion  of  the 
building.'' 

"That,"  said  I,  as  we  crossed  Chambers  Street,  pointing  to 
the  white  marble  building  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street, 
"is  one  of  the  largest  wholesale  dry  goods  establishments  in 
the  world. ' ' 

*' Whose  house  is  it  ?  " 

"  Alexander  T.  Stewart's.  You  see  it  runs  the  whole  length 
of  the  block,  and  extends  some  distance  down  Chambers  and 
Eeade  Streets,  which  are  on  either  side.  Besides  this,  he  haS 
one  equally  as  large  up  town,  which  was  expressly  built  for 
the  retail  trade." 

"  He  is  very  rich,  is  he  not  ?  " 

*'  Rich  !  I  presume  he  is  one  of  the  richest  men  in  NeW 
York  City.  The  tax  he  pays  upon  his  annual  income  is  enor- 
mous. I  am  afraid  to  tell  you  how  much  it  is,  lest  I  should 
not  be  believed." 

"But  I  would  believe  you,"  said  Jonathan,  eagerly. 

"  "Would  }OU  ?  "  I  asked,  assuming  a  doubting  tone. 

"  How  foolishly  you  talk,  John.  Have  I  ever  doubted  your 
W(;rd  ? ' ' 

Seeing  he  was  taking  seriously  what  I  only  intended  for  a 
joke,  I  told  him  : 

"The  man  who  knows  everything,  and  whose  memory  is  so 
excellent,  has  really  forgotten  the  amount  of  tax  Alexander  T« 
Stewart  does  p^y.  If  he  had  not,  he  would  have  told  you  in 
the  first  instance  " 

"You  don't  tell  me!  I  really  thought  you  imagined  I 
would  doubt  your  veracity.  How  stupid  of  me  ;  "  and  Jona- 
than laughed  loud  and  long  at  his  obtuseness. 

"  It  is  an  excellent  plan,"  I  continued,  "  when  in  conversa- 
tion you  come  across  any  startling  fact  you  are  not  quite  sure  • 
of,  or  have  forgotten,  to  say  in  an  off-hand  manner,  as  I  did 
just  now,  '  If  I  were  to  mention  ijt,  I  should  not  be  believed.'  " 

If  Jonathan  laughed  loud  and  long  at  his  own  obtuseness, 
he  laughed  louder  and  longer  at  what  he  was  pleased  to  term 
my  adroitness. 


AN    ACCIDENT.  23  " 

"Can  you  find  out,  John?  "  he  asked;  "I  really  should 
like  to  know  the  income  of  such  a  man  as  Stewart. 

"  I  can  and  will.  Before  you  leave,  I  will  tell  you  the  tax 
pjiid  upon  the  annual  incomes  of  several  of  our  Merchant 
Princes." 

"Thank  you.  That  will  be  another  very  interesting  item 
to  carry  away  with  me." 

"  When  Stewart  first  commenced  business,"  I  went  on, 
**  he  determined  to  mark  his  goods  at  a  fair  profit,  and  to 
make  no  abatement  under  any  circumstances  whatever." 

"  A  most  judicious  plan." 

"So  it  proved.  In  those  daytj  it  was  no  uncommon  thing 
for  ladies  even  to  haggle  over  their  purchases,  both  buyer  and 
seller  trying  to  get  the  best  of  the  other." 

"That  was  not  a  judicious  plan." 

"  No  •,  Stewart  saw  at  once  it  was  not ;  so  he  determined 
upon  altering  it,  and  has  reaped  his  reward  by  now  being 
worth  his  millions." 

As  we  were  talking,  there  wUs  of  a  sudden  a  loud  cry  of 
warning,  followed  by  one  of  terror,  and  right  in  front  of  us 
we  saw  a  poor  old  man  knocked  down  by  a  passing  vehicle,  the 
wheel  going  clean  over  bis  body. 

In  an  instant,  as  if  by  magic,  the  body  of  the  man  was 
hidden  from  view  by  the  gathering  crowd.  A  policeman 
soon  appeared,  Iiailed  a  passing  carriage,  and  placed  therein 
the  injured  man  in  order  to  Convey  him  to  the  New  York  Hos- 
pital. 

We  followed. 

Jonathan  was  all  sympathy,  and  was  anxious  to  learn  the 
extent  of  the  man's  injuries. 

Knov/ing  the  resident  physician,  we  had  no  difficulty  in  ob- 
taining admittance,  which  otherwise  we  should  have  done,  as, 
very  properly,  the  crowd  is  always  excluded. 

If,  when  an  accident  happened,  all  who  followed  the  injured 
person  to  the  hospital  were  admitted,  the  movements  and 
operation  of  the  surgeon  would  be  greatly  impeded,  and  the 
excitement  upon  the  patient  seeing  so  many  people  around 
liim  would  be  extremely  injurious,  and  might  result  fatally. 


24  THE    NEW    YORK    HOSPITAL. 

Learning  that  the  only  injury  the  man  had  sustained  was  a 
few  external  bruises  and  a  slight  pcalp  \»ouDd,  avo  left. 

Upon  doing  so,  Jonathan  immediately  overwhelmed  me 
with  questions  concerning  the  institution,  which  I  at  once  en- 
deavoured to  satisfy. 

**  The  New  York  Hospital,"  I  commenced,  "  situated,  as  you 
see,  between  Duane  and  Worth  Streets,  and  exactly  opposite 
Pearl,  was  founded  by  the  Earl  of  Dunmore,  who  was  then 
Governor  of  the  colony,  in  1771." 

"Then  it  was  originally  founded  by  an  Englishman  ?  " 

"  Yes  ;  but  it  did  not  receive  its  first  charter  until  1776,  nine 
days  after  the  Declaration  of  Independence." 

"Thus  leaving  Americans  to  finish  what  an  Englishman 
begun." 

"Just  so.  With  only  an  annual  revenue  of  sixty-one  dol- 
lars and  sixty  cents,  the  New  York  Hospital  has  to  depend 
mainly  up.  n  voluntary  contributions." 

' '  And  is  no  charge  made  to  the  sick  or  maimed  ? ' '  queried 
Jonathan  Griggs. 

**  Yes,  a  charge  of  five  dollars  per  week  is  made  for  females, 
and  six  dollars  for  males  ;  but  the  patient  for  that  sum  nas  the 
best  of  nursing  and  the  best  of  medical  attendance." 

"It  must  do  an  immense  amount  of  good,"  said  Jonathan. 

"  It  does.  The  ground  upon  which  the,  hospital  stands  is  ex- 
tremely valuable,  and,  if  sold,  would  realize  sufficient  to  build 
and  support  a  hospital,  without  any  extra  aid,  further  up  town." 

"Then why  not  sell  it ?  "  asked  Jonathan. 

"  For  this  reason  :  this  is  the  only  hospital  down  town,  and 
many  a  poor  injured  creature's  life  has  been  saved  by  receiving 
prompt  surgical  attendance  here,  who  would  have  died  had 
they  been  carried  to  any  hospital  away  up  town.  The  Board 
of  Governors  know  this,  and  prefer  pa}ing  any  deficiency  in 
the  expenses  out  of  their  own  pockets  to  risking  the  litis  of  a 
human  being." 

"  Do  you  know  how  many  patients  they  receive  here  yearly  ?  " 

"  From  three  thousand  to  three  thousand  five  hundred. 
For  those  afflicted  with  contagious  diseases,  separate  apart- 
ments are  provided." 


THE  BLOOM INGDALE  ASYLUM,  25 

"A  very  proper  precaution." 

"  Most  decidedly.  It  also  possesses  a  theatre  for  surgical 
operations,  besides  other  apartments  necessary  for  so  large  a 
hospital.  The  building  is  one  hundred  aud  twenty-four  feet 
long,  and  the  two  wings  are  fifty  feet  deep." 

"  And  what  a  splendid  approach  to  the  building,"  exclaimed 
Jonathan,  admiringly. 

"  Yes,  indeed.  The  avenue  is  ninety  feet  wide,  and  a  double 
row  of  trees  stand  sentinel  from  the  entrance  gate  to  the  very 
door  of  the  hospital." 

"And  splendid  trees  they  are,  too,"  said  Jonathan,  gazing 
upward  at  their  gnarled  and  weather-beaten  limbs. 

"  Seven  miles  from  here,"  I  continued,  '•  is  a  branch  hospital 
of  this.  It  is  for  lunatics,  and  is  called  '  The  Bloomingdale 
Lunatic  Asylum.'  " 

"What  a  terrible  place  it  must  be." 

"  No  ;  there  you  are  mistaken.  Everything  is  as  light,  airy, 
and  as  pleasant  as  possible.  Nothing  that  can  alleviate  the 
suffering  of  the  poor  demented  creatures  is  left  undone.  All 
the  surroundings  are  cheerful,  and,  though  a  place  of  confine- 
ment, the  chief  end  and  aim  of  the  physicians  is  to  make  the 
place  comfortable,  and  as  much  like  a  home  as  possible." 

"  I  see  I  was  mistaken  ;  but  my  idea  of  a  lunatic  asylum  was 
a  gloomy,  sombre  place,  like  a  tomb." 

♦'So  it  is  most  people's.  The  building  is  two  hundred  and 
eleven  feet  long,  sixty  feet  deep,  and  fo-ur  stories  high.  From 
the  roof  a  most  delightful  view  of  the  surrounding  country 
can  be  obtained. ' ' 

"How  terrible  to  lose  one's  reason,"  said  Jonathan,  more  to 
himself  than  me  ;  and  he  was  lost,  apparently,  in  melancholy 
thought.  Rousing  himself  at  last,  he  asked  what  street  that 
was  opposite  the  hospital. 

*♦  Pearl- street,"  I  replied  ;  "  and  they  say  that  the  man  whc 
laid  out  that  sti-eet  did  it  in  a  very  extraordiuary  way." 

"How  was  that?"  asked  Jonathan,  pricking  up  his  ears, 
and  all  agog  in  a  second  to  hear  anything  in  the  shape  of  a 
Btory. 

"  The  other  end  of  this  street  is  about  a  mile  down  Broad* 


^^  OHIGm   or   PEARL   STREET. 

way ;  and  of  all  the  sinuous,  tortuous  thorou-hfares  in  the 
■        wide  world,  I  believe  there  are  none  to  equal  it.'' 
"Is  it  crooked  ?  " 

"Crooked?  Crooked  as  a  ram's  horn.  Well,  the  le-end 
iias  It,  the  surveyor,  wishing  to  lay  out  this  street,  started  a 
coNv  in  the  morning,  and  in  the  evening  he  fallowed  the  track 
the  lactaceous  bovine  had  made,  and  staked  it  out  for  a  street  ' ' 

On  that  site."  said  I,  pointing  to  the  large  whole.sale 
cloth.ng  house  oi  Carter,  Kirtland,  and  Co. ,  situated  at  No.  340 
Broadway,  between  Worth  and  Leonard  Streets,  '•once  stood 
the  Broadway  Tabernacle,  famous—" 

''  Oh  !  yes  I  know,"  said  Jonathan,  eagerly  interrupting  me  : 

Deacon  Johnson,  when  he  once  made  a  visit  to  New  Yod.   on 

his  return  told  me  all  about  it.     He  came  on  to  attend  'the 

TalernadI "'''''''' '''''^  '^'^  they  were  hfid  in  the  Broadway 

^.!^f^'  .  ^"^  ^^T^  ""''"•     ^"^  *^^^  mutations  of  a  great  city 
W  transformed  u  mto  an  immense  mercantile  house,  with 
marble  front,  the  largest  of  its  class  in  the  world." 
"  What  business  is  carried  on  there?  " 

'•A  business,"  I  continued,  "  that  is  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  important  on  this  Continent.  Over  one  hund^d  firms 
are  engaged  m  it  in  this  city,  of  which  Carter,  Kirtland,  nd 
Co.  s  IS  the  representative  house." 

^'|Bat  you  have  not  told  me  the  nature  of  the  business  " 
^       I  am  speaking  of  the  wholesale  clothing  trade,  in  which 
"lupl^l'd   '^^^^'^  capital,  probably,  of  over  tweut'y  milli^us' 

•'  It  does.     Residing  in  this  city  and  vicinity,  there  are  about 
ninety  thousand  operatives,  who  receive  as  wages  upwards  of 
hay  mdhons  of  dollars.     This  firm  has  facilities  for  emp ly 
ing  from  5,000  to  8,000  good  hands.-'  ^mpioy 

"  You  surprise  me." 

-ix  i.aranrs  m  order  to  thoroughlvover«ee  -.nrl  .•„., 
v.e  eve,,-  depa.tae.t  of  the  bu.ine.r   The  fi™  ^fZ ^^ 


\ 


CARTEn,    KTRTLANH    k    CO.  27 

Messrs.  Samuel  Carter,  William  H.  Kirtland,  Charles  B.  Peet, 
John  Rose,  aud  John  H.  Werts— gentlemen  who  have  been 
identified  with  this  branch  of  business  for  many  years  past, 
and  whose  acquaintance  ranjces  through  nearly  every  State  and 
Territory  in  the  Union." 

"  So  large  a  house  I  should  like  to  inspect.    Can  we  do  so  ?  " 
"Certainly,"  I  replied;  and  entering,  we  m.ide  known  our 
wishes  to  a  gentleman  who  came  forward  to  receive  us. 

The  first  floor,  which  has  a  frontage  of  SO  feet  on  Broadway, 
and  extends  back  200  feet,  with  an  extension  on  Worth  Street 
and  Catharine  Lane  of  100  square  feet,  is  used  as  a  salesroom, 
in  which  are  piles  upon  piles  of  ready-made  clothing  in  endless 
variety.  On  the  second  floor  is  the  cutting  department,  con- 
nected with  which  is  the  modeling  room,  where  the  designs 
and  patterns  are  conceived  and  prepared.  The  third  floor  is 
devoted  to  the  cloth  room,  where  all  productions,  domestic 
and  imported,  intended  for  manufacture,  are  taken,  and  sub- 
jected to  a  rigid  examination  by  a  competent  and  experienced 
inspector. 

We  were  also  informed  that  none  but  the  most  skillful  opera- 
tors are  employed,  and  that,  in  point  of  material,  durability, 
and  finish,  their  goods  are  in  all  respects  equal  to  custom 
work. 

"That  I  can  readily  believe,"  said  Jonathan,  taking  up 
Bome  articles  and  examining  them,  '^  for  no  man  could  wish  to 
wear  better  articles  of  dress  than  these." 

"And  that  seems  to  be  the  opinion  of  their  customers,"  said 
I,  "  for  I  am  told  that  this  house  does  business  to  the  extent 
of  a  million  and  a  half  dollars  per  annum." 

Leaving  this  building,  we  soon  arrived  at  Franklin  Street,  on 
the  north  east  corner  of  which  is  located  Taylor's  Saloon.     The  ' 
upper  part  of  Ihe  building  is  used  as  a  hotel,  named  the  Inter- 
national. 

'  Quite  a  handsome  saloon,"  whispered  Jonathan  to  me, 
peeping  in  at  the  door 

"  Yes,  and  a  commodious  one,  too.  I  presume  it  is  the 
largest  one  of  the  kiatl  in  New  York." 

"So  I  should  judge      But  look  at  the  floor.     It  Lj  inlaid 


28  Taylor's  saloon. 

•with  variegated  marble.      And  how  handsomely  the  -\vholo- 
place  is  fitted  up  !  " 

"  It  is,  and  must  have  cost  a  good  round  sura  to  have  so 
decorated  it,  as  that  floor  you  are  now  looking  at  contains  an 
area  of  seven  thousand  five  hundred  feet." 
"  You  don't  say  so  !  " 

"  But  I  do ;  and  in  the  saloon  below  there  are  accommo- 
dations almost  as  ample. ' ' 

"  My  gracious !     Are  all  the  tables  ever  filled  ?  " 
"My  dear  fellow,"  I  replied,  pitying  his  ignorance,  "the 
tables  are  always  full.     It  is  an  accident  when  you  see  them 
empty." 

"  Eeally,  now! " 

"It  la  the  favorite  resort,"  I  continued,  warming  with  my 
theme,  "  of  the  fashion  and  elite  of  New  York,  and  strangers 
never  consider  they  visit  the  city  unless  they  make  a  call  at 
Taylor's." 

"John,"  said  Jonathan,  grasping  my  hand,  "  we  must  dine 
here  some  day." 
"That  we  will,"   l  replied,  returning  the  pressure;  "and 

if  you  find  in  any  place  better  fare  or  attendance,  I'll I'll 

forfeit  a  hat. ' ' 

"  One  moment,  John,"  said  Jonathan,  stopping  me  as  I  was 
moving  onward  ;  "  I  have  an  idea  ;  you  may  not  credit  it,  but 
I  assure  you  that  I  have." 

'*'  Well,  Jonathan,  and  what  is  it  ?  "  I  asked,  laughing. 
"  When  I  was  a  boy,  I  was  told  there  was  '  no  time  like  the 
present.'    Acting  in  that  belief,  let  us  dine  here  to  day." 

"  With  all  my  heart.  My  walk  has  made  me  hungry,  and  I 
feel  I  could  do  justice  to  the  excellence  of  Taylor's  viands." 

On  entering  the  saloon,  Jonathan  was  at  once  struck  with 
the  gorgeousness  and  Oriental  magnificence  of  the  interior ; 
and  when  I  told  him  that  the  cost  for  embelleshing  the  ceil- 
ing alone  cost  $3,500,  he  was  filled  with  awe  and  wonder- 
ment. 

Seating  ourselves  at  one  of  the  marble  tables  that  was 
covered  with  a  cloth  rivaling  newly-fallen  snow  in  whiteness, 
we  were  waited  upon  by  a  polite  and  attentive  attendant, 


Jonathan's  perplexity.  29 

whobe  sole  end  and  aim  in  life  appeared  to  be  to  give  ua 
pleasure. 

It  took  a  long  -while  to  order  our  dinner,  uad  I  am  afraid  we 
must  have  taxed  the  patience  of  our  waiter  most  severely, 
but  he  was  too  well  trained  to  show  it,  for  Jonathan  was  so  per- 
plexed with  the  extent  and  variety  of  the  bill  of  fare,  that  it 
was  extremely  difficult  for  him  to  choose. 

"Why,'' said  Jonathan,  when  the  waiter  had  departed  to 
give  our  order,  "they  seem  to  have  here  every  known  eatable 
and  drinkable  in  the  universe." 

"  Yes,'' I  replied,  "  the  luxuries  of  the  world  are  always  at 
the  command  of  the  guest ;  every  delicacy  that  can  be  brought 
to  New  York  being  promptly  and  liberally  supplied  by  the  j)ro- 
prietor." 

*'  And  the  prices  are  not  high  ?'' 

"Indeed  they"  are  not.  A  dinner  at  Taylor's  may  be  ren- 
dered as  economical  as  the  most  prudent  can  desire,  or  as  ex- 
travagant as  the  requirements  of  a  gourmand.' '' 

Further  conversation  was  cut  short  by  the  arrival  ot  our 
meal,  Jonathan  holding  that  no  man  can  do  two  things  at 
one  time  ;  when  he  eats  he  cannot  talk,  and  when  he  talks  he 
cannot  eat.     So  our  prandial  repast  was  devoured  in  silence. 

When  we  had  finished,  and  the  demands  of  the  cashier  satis- 
fied, Jonathan  expressed  a  desire  to  see  the  kitchen  and  other 
auxiliaries  of  so  extensive  an  establishment. 

Making  known  this  wish  to  the  cashier  he  at  tmce  referred 
us  to  Mr.  Taylor,  whom  we  found  in  his  private  office.  This 
gentleman  immediately  acceedcd  to  our  request,  and  lead  the 
way  to  the  culinary  department  and  store  rooms. 

The  kitchen  was  as  clean  as  a  new  pin,  and  the  various  uten- 
sils appertaining  to  the  cuisine  were  as  shining  as  polished 
silver.  Those  not  in  use  were  ranged  along  the  walls,  each 
hanging  upon  its  allotted  peg,  as  the  motto  of  this  house  is 
"a  place  for  everything  and  everything  in  its  place." 

Next  we  were  ishown  the  butcher's  shop  -  laiger  than  the  aver- 
age of  such  shops  in  the  city  ;  the  poultry  store  ;  the  bakery  ; 
the  vegetable  xomv,  the  milk  rot.m  ;  the  grocery  ;  the  laundry ; 
and,  though  last  not  least,  the  wine  vaults  and  segar  room. 


30  ransom's  store. 

Everything  was  in  apparently  endless  profusion,  and  on 
our  expressing  surprise  at  so  large  a  quantity  of  stores  being  on 
hand,  we  were  told  that  then-  store  room^,  extensive  as  thoy 
are,  could  not  hold  more  than  a  couple  of  days'  supplies.  The 
segars  and  wines,  however,  had  been  stored  for  years. 

We  were  next  shown  the  up-stairs  portion  of  the  building, 
which  is  set  apart  for  Hotel  purposes,  called,  as  I  have  f^aid  be- 
fore, the  International.  The  whole  is  replete  with  comfort, 
being  elegantly  furnished,  and  with  bath  rooms  and  other  con- 
veniences on  each  floor. 

''  There  is  an  old  saying,''  said  I  to  Jonathan  *  that  there  is 
nothing  like  leather,'  which  is  verified  by  the  handsome  and  ex- 
tensive establishment  of  W.  A.  Ransom&Co.,  just  across  the  way. 

"  Are  they  in  the  leather  business  ?" 

"  They  are  in  the  boot  and  shoe  trade,  and  their  house  is  the 
largest  and  oldest  in  the  United  States. '' 

**  Indeed !" 

"It  is  situated  on '384  and  886  Broadway,  between  "White  and 
Walker  streets.  The  building  is  of  white  marble,  and  is  175 
feet  deep,  and  45  feet  wide.'' 

"  The  business  houses  of  this  city  are  certainly  of  palatial 
proportions,"  remarked  Jonathan. 

"  They  are  indeed.  The  house  of  Kansom  &  Co.  was  estab- 
lished in  1820,  and  has  been  successfully  carried  on  by  dififei-ent 
members  of  that  family  ever  since,  and  during  forty-six  years 
have  only  changed  their  place  of  business  three  times." 

**That  is  somewhat  remarkable  for  an  American  hou^e  of 
business,  is  it  not?" 

' '  It  is.  But  it  has  great  advantages.  .  The  members  of  the 
firm  are  so  well  known  throughout  the  trade,  and  buyers  so 
well  satisfied  with  them  that  in  many  instances  the  amount  of 
goods  wanted  to  be  purchased  is  simply  given,  and  the  selec- 
tion left  to  the  firm." 

"Such  a  system  must  be  of  great  benefit  to  country  mer- 
chants." 

"  And  country  merchants  seem  to  think  so.  For  this  house 
is  constantly  shipping  goods  to  all  parts  of  the  United  btates." 

**  And  the  territories  as  well,.  I  presume." 


THE    DETECTIVE  r  31 

"  You  are  right.  Besides  which  they  are  constantly  export- 
ing goods  to  the  West  India  Islands  and  South  America." 

".Americans  have  occasionally  to  look  after  the  understand- 
ings of  foreigners,''  said  Jonathan  slyly. 

Seeing  that  lie  expected  me  to  laugh  at  this  terrible  joke  of 
his,  I  did  so,  evidently,  much  to  his  satisfaction. 

Passing  Canal  Street,  Griggs  and  myself  sauntered  leisurely 
up  Broadway,  he  admiring  the  various  stores  and' the  goods  ex- 
hibited for  sale  in  the  respective  windows. 

"I  imagine,"  said  Jonathan,  "that  here  on  Broadway  a 
man  can  obtain  everything  he  wants.  Let  him  make  known 
his  wishes,  whether  an  article  of  luxury  or  necessity,  and  he 
can  be  supplied  without  leaving  the  street." 

*'  I  guess  you  are  right.  As  the  Cheap  Jacks  say,  anything 
can  he  procured,  from  a  needle  up  to  a  locomotive." 

"What  a  splendid  store!"  and  Jonathan  Griggs  pointed 
admiringly  at  the  dry  goods  establishment  at  the  corner  of 
Broadway  and  Grand  Street. 

"  Yes,  and  an  ornament  to  our  street." 

"  So  it  is.     Who  are  the  proprietors  ?  "  ^ 

•'Lord  and  Taylor." 

"  What  a  business  they  appear  to  be  doing  !  ", 

"Their  house  is  one  of  the  largest  for  the  retailing  of  dry 
goods  in  New  York,  which  you  will  readily  imagine  when  I 
tell  you  that  the  building  cost  three  hundred  thousand  dollars." 

"No?" 

"  A  fact,  I  assure  you." 

At  tfiis  juncture,  and  before  Jonathan  had  recovered  from 
the  surprise  he  had  been  thrown  in  by  my  informing  him  of  the 
cost  of  the  building,  a  quiet,  determined-looking  man  stepped 
up  to  him,  and  in  a  bland,  courteous  manner,  inquired  : 

* '  Have  you  lost  anything  ? ' ' 

"  Lost  anything  !  What  do  you  mean  ?  No  !  "  And  Jona- 
than hurriedly  slapped  his  pockets  to  see  if  they  were  safe. 

*•  Excuse  me,"  said  the  man,  "  I  am  a  detective  ;  and  seeing 
some  young  pickpockets  hovering  around  you  in  a  suspicious 
manner,  I  thought  I  would  ask  you.'  You  axe  sure  you  bave 
lo&t  nothing  ? " 


S2  THE    ARREST. 

"  Quite ;  '*  and  Jonathan  again  v?«nt  through  the  pantomimo 
of  slapping  his  pockets, 

"  Jonathan,  your  watch  chain  is  loose,"  I  told  him,  as  I  saw 
that  article  of  dress  dangling  from  his  bntton-hole. 

"  Gracious  me  I  so  it  is ;  and,  John^  my  watch  has  gone." 

"Ah!  I  thought  you  had  lost  something,"  said  the  detec- 
tive ;  "  wait  here  a  moment ; ' '  and  he  darted  away  from  us, 
and  was  lost  in  the  crowd. 

"  I  wouldn't  lose  that  watch  for  a  thousand  dollars,"  ex- 
citedly exclaimed  Jonathan  ;  "  it  was  given  me  by  a  dear 
friend  of  mine,  who  has  since  died.  How  careless  of  me,  to  be 
sure." 

In  less  than  a  minute  the  detective  returned,  leading  by  the 
arm  a  decently-attired  young  fellow,  whom  he  briefly  told  us 
was  the  man  who  had  taken  Jonathan's  watch. 

"I  assure  you  I  am  innocent,"  said  the  accused.  ''Do  I 
look  like  a  thief?  " 

"No;  I  cannot  say  you  do,"  replied  Jonathan,  quite  be- 
wildered. 

"  But  I  know  him  to  be  one,"  chimed  in  the  detective,  "  and 
one  of  the  most  expert  of  Broadway  thieves  ;  so,  come  along 
with  me  to  the  station-house  and  prefer  a  charge  against  him." 

Leading  the  way  with  the  culprit,  we  followed,  Jonathan  be- 
wailing his  loss,  and  unwilling  to  believe  so  respectable-looking 
a  young  man  could  be  a  thief. 

"If  he  should  prove  to  be  innocent,"  remarked  Jonathan  to 
me,  "  I  should  never  forgive  myself.  Having  an  innocent  man 
dragged  through  the  street  like  a  felon  !     Oh  !  it's  terrible." 

"  But,  Jonathan,  the  detective  says  he's  a  thief,  and  you  may 
depend  upon  it  he  has  good  grounds  for  so  saying." 

Further  conversation  was  cut  short  by  our  arrival  at  the 
station-house.  The  charge  was  made,  the  man  searched,  and,  to 
Jonathan's  surprise  and  delight,  the  watch  found  iu  his  pos- 
session. 

"How  wonderful!"  ejaculated  Griggs;  "the  loss  of  my 
watch  known  to  a  stranger  before  I,  the  owner,  was  aware  of 
it ;  the  thief  locked  up  ;  the  watch  returned  to  me  ;  and  all  in 
less  than  twenty  minutes  !  " 


mechanics'  hall  33 

"Quick  work,"  I  said. 

"  New  York  is  a  wonderful  city,  truly.  Though  the  tempo- 
raiy  loss  ol  my  watch  annoyed  and  worried  me  at  the  time,  I 
am  not  Borry  it  wad  stolen,  for  it  has  given  me  an  experience 
that  I  otherwise  would  not  have  had." 

"  That  is  so  ;  but  be  more  careful  for  the  future.  Your  next 
experience  in  the  same  line  may  be  more  dearly  bought." 

"  By  not  recovering  the  article  stolen,  do  you  mean  ? ' ' 

"  Just  so.'* 

When  we  had  regained  Broadway,  and  were  continuing  our 
journey  up  town,  I  pointed  out  to  Jonathan,  Mechanics'  Hall, 
472  Broadway,  near  Grand  street.  In  it  is  a  library,  contain- 
ing about  16,000  volumes,  for  the  use  of  apprentices. 

Leaving  Broadway  for  a  few  minutes,  I  said  to  Jonathan 
Griggs,  *'  we  will  par  a  visit  to  th  establishment  of  Messrs. 
Phelan  &  Collender  the  largest  billiard  table  manufacturers  in 
this  country  or  in  Europe." 

"  Nothing  I  should  like  better,''  replied  Jonathan.  "  But  is 
the  head  of  this  firm  the  celebrated  billiard  player,  Michael 
Phelan?" 

' '  He  is  none  other  ;  and  has  done  more  toward  elevating  the 
game  of  billiards  making  it  a  refined  and  intellectual  accciu- 
plishment,  than  any  other  man  in  America.'' 

'*  You  don't  tell  me  !" 

*'  Not  more  thaa  twenty  years  ago  the  delightful  pastime  of 
billiards  was  looked  upon  by  the  many  as  immoral,  and  voted, 
by  the  fair  sex,  as  low.  Nov/,  no  gentleman's  house  is  con- 
sidered complete  without  a  billiard  table,  an^  ladies  and  child- 
ren alike  indulge  in  the  recreation.'' 

"  But  who  wrought  this  change  V 

"  Who,  but  Michael  Phelan.  He  by  his  integrity  and  up- 
right bearing,  showed  that  the  game  of  billards  was  not  neces- 
sarily associated  with  ill-breeding  and  ungentlemanly  conduct, 
and  has  reaped  his  reward  by  now  being  looked  up  to  as  one 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  this  city.'' 
^  *'  Such  a  course  is  one  to  be  repaid  in  good  time,'' 

"  But  here  we  are  at  the  manufactory,"  said  I  stopping  before 
the  buildings,  situated  at  No's.  63,  65,  67  and  69  Crosby  street, 


34  PHELAN   AND    OOLLENDEr's   BILLIARD  TABLES. 

between  Broome  and  Spring  streets.  "  It  is  five  stories  high, 
and  is  looked  upon  as  the  best  appointed  factory  of  its  kind  in 
the  world  ' 

Entering,  we  were  at  once  received  by  the  prompt,  courteous, 
energetic  executive  member  of  the  firm,  Mr.  W.  H.  Collender, 
who  showed  us  the  various  objects  of  interest  in  the  building. 

Jonathan,  who  is  a  regular  Yankee,  in  the  matter  of  asking 
questions,  immediately  wanted  to  know  how  many  men  were 
employed. 

"  About  one  hundred  and  fifty  ;  we  could  employ  more,  but 
the  capacity  iof  our  present  factory  will  not  admit  of  it.'' 
"  How  many  tables  do  you  make  yearly  ?" 
"Between  eight  and  nine  hundred,  but  that  number  is  hardly 
sufficient  to  supply  the  demand  made  upon  us  for  them.'' 

"  Goodness  gracious  !"  exclaimed  Jonathan,  "  I  should  never 
Lave  thought  there  had  been  so  large  a  sale  for  them.'' 

"  The  great  secret  of  our  success  is  our  combination  cushion. 
It  is  made-of  one  solid  substance  with  three  degrees  of  density, 
has,  comparatively  speaking,  a  Folid  face,  and  an  elastic  back, 
yet  inseparable,  and  is  insensible  to  injury  by  the  concussion  of 
balls.  This  permits  an  accurate  calculation  in  regard  to  tht 
rebounding  force,  and  the  scientific  principle  of  angles,  thus 
rendering  the  player  less  liable  to  err  in  his  calculations." 

"  I  play  a  little  at  billiards  myself,"  said  Jonathan,  ''and  I 
know  such  a  cushion  must  be  of  incalculable  value." 

' '  It  is.  This  is  the  machine  for  making  balls  ;  it  is  patented, 
and  is,  as  you  see,  of  most  peculiar  and  ingenious  construction. 
It  is  exclusively  owned  and  iicied  by  us.  By  it  each  ball  is 
made  to  a  mathematical  nicety,  as  round  as  possible  for  them  to 
be  made,  and  not  one  deviates  a  hair's  breadth  from  the  other." 
"Do  you  make  cues  on  the  premises,  also?"  asked  Jona- 
than. 

"  Oh,  yes  ;  and  our  stock  kept  on  hand,  both  imported  and 
home  made,  is  the  largest  in  the  v/orld.'' 

"  Are  all  the  tables  you  make  sold  in  this  country  ?'• 
"  Dear  me,  no.     Our  tables  are  in  demand  and  sold  in  Cuba, 
South  America,  China,  Japan,  Biitish  America,  and  through- 
out the  whole  of  Europe. 


PHEI.A\  &  COLLENDER'S  BILLlARn  TABLE  ^rANUFACTORY 

Nop.  63,  65,  67  &  69  Crosby  Street.  ' 


IIEGEMA^•  S   Dra'G   STORE.  o5 

'•Where  will  not  American  handiwork  go  to  1"  said  Jona- 
than astonished.  • 

*'  Beside,  all  the  leadinp:  hotels  in  the  principal  citier  of  the 
Union  are  fm-nished  with  onr  tables  ;  indeed,  so  popular  have 
tl)ey  become,  and  so  great  the  dt-mantl  for  them  that  they  arc 
acknowledged  by  the  nublic  generally  as  the  standard  billiard 
tabic  of  Anie  iea." 

Having  thoroughly  examined  the  building,  and  admired  the 
ehgauce  and  finish  i  f  the  dilfereut  branches  of  work,  we  with- 
drew, much  pleased  with  our  vi?it.. 

On  our  return  to  Broadway,  the  first  building  that  attracted 
Jonathan's  attention  was  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  lociited  be- 
tween Broome  and  Spring  streets.  To  his  many  questions  I 
replied  : — 

"The  St.  Nicholas  Hotel  was  erected  in  lS-3-1,  at  a  cost  of  a 
million  dollars.  It  is  built  of  white  marble,  and  is  of  the  Co- 
rinthian order  of  archit  cture.  It  has  a  frontage  of  300  feet 
on  Broadway,  and  has  accommodations  for  600  guests.'' 
"  Immense  !"  was  all  that  Jonathan  said. 
'•  As  a  security  against  fire,  a  large  water-tank  is  fitted  on  the 
top  of  the  building,  wdiich  is  sufficient  to  deluge  the  whole 
place  in  less  than  five  minutes." 

'•Under  this  hotel,  the  St.  Nicholas,"  I  informed  Jonathan 
'*  is  a  branch  of  one  of  tlie  oldest  drug  houses  in  the  city.  I 
allude  to  the  firm  of  Hegeman  &  Co  " 

"  "Why,  we  passed  a  druggist's  store,  of  that  name,  some 
distance  dow^n  Broadway." 

'*  True  ;  so  we  did.  And  as  we  get  fnrther  up,  you  will  pass 
some  more  of  the  same  name.  There  are  five  houses  of  that 
name  in  this  city.  At  least,  when  I  say  five  houses,  I  mean 
five  stores,  as  the  whole  of  them  belong  to  the  same  firm.  The 
principal  house  is  situated  at  No.  203  Broadway  ;  the  branches 
of  this  parent  house  are  at  399,  511  and  ToG  of  this,  the  same 
gre;it  street,  and  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  avenue  and  Suvon- 
teenth  street. 

"It  is  a  very  handsome  store,"  said  Jonathan. 
"  So  it  is  ;  indeed,  this  firm  is  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of 
their  stores.    They  are  also  famous  for  the  superior  quality  of 


36  ^  lasak's  store.    •     - 

their  drugs,  medicines,  &c.  Purchasers  may  rest  assured  that 
all  articles  procured  of  them  are  geauiae,  and  the  purest  that 
can  be  obtained.'' 

"  In  case  of  sickness  that  is  a  great  desideratum." 

"They  are  also  noted,"  I  continued,  "as  being  the  first 
manufacturers  of  Medicinal  Cod  Liver  Oil,  and  for  which  they 
have  an  eaviable  reputation  throughout  the  whole  of  the 
United  States." 

"Out  West,"  said  Jonathan,  "  Hegeman's  Cod  Liver  Oil  is 
regarded  as  the  standard  medicine  for  all  pulmonary  com- 
plaints." 

"  Mr.  "William  Hegeman,"  I  continued,  "the  senior  partner, 
gives  the  benefit  of  his  long  experience  to  the  superintendence 
of  the  business  ;  every  tiling  that  is  bought  or  made,  passes  un- 
der his  careful  supervision." 

"  The  eye  of  the  principal  is  almost  always  necessary  to  in- 
sure success." 

"  That  is  a  true  and  trite  remark.  The  different  stores  are 
under  the  charge,  either  of  junior  partners  or  assistants,  who 
have  been  brought  up  by  them  and  who  have  had  from  fifteen 
to  twenty  years  experience  in  the  business.'' 

"  A  most  excellent  plan,"  ejaculated  Jonathan. 

"  The  motto  adopted  by  this  house  for  the  guidance  of  sub- 
ordinates, is,  never  to  send  anything  out  of  the  establishment 
that  is  not  perfect  in  every  respect.  It  is  needless  for  me  to 
add,  that  strict  adherence  to  such  a  course,  has  met  with  the 
success  it  deserves." 

'  Of  that  I  could  not  have  a  momentary  doubt ;  it  would 
have  surprised  ma  had  it  been  otherwise." 

At  this  juncture  a  number  of  beautifully  stuffed  animals  in 
the  window  of  a  fur  store,  opposite  the  St.  Nicholas,  attracted 
Jonathan's  attention,  and  nothing  would  do  but  he  must  cross 
the  street  to^view  them. 

We  did  so,  and  found  it  was  the  store  of  F.  W.  Lasak's  Son, 
No.  520  Broadway.  Jonathan  was  evidently  well  posted  on 
the  subject  of  furs,  and  related  to  me  several  little  adventures, 
in  which  he  figured  conspicuously  as  a  trapper. 

At  last,  espying  some  splendid  Russian  sable,  he  entered  the 


PRESCOTT    HOUSE. 


zn 


store  to  examine  it.  He  was  received  by  a  polite  and  gentle- 
manly salesman,  wliom  he  overwhelmed  with  questions. 
Had  he  been  a  Yankee,  instead  of  a  Western  man,  his  inter- 
rogatories could  not  have  been  greater. 

He  soon  found  that  the  stock  of  this  house  comprised  the 
richest  Eussian  sable,  Royal  Ermine,  Hudson  Bay  sable,  Mink, 
Oriental  Lamb,  as  well  as  all  other  kinds  of  furs,  includmg  the 
lower  grades,  such  as  Water  Mink,  Jennett,  Coney,  and  in  fact 
all  kinds  of  goods  connected  with  the  fur  trade. 

"  You  keep  manufactured  goods  on  hand?"  he  asked. 
•*  Oh,  yes  ;  our  business  is  both  wholesale  and  retail,  but  our 
principal  trade  is  the  latter." 

«'  And  I  can  most  positively  asseverate,"  I  chimed  in,  "  from 
personal  knowledge,  that  they  have  always  on  hand  a  full  and 
complete  assortment  of  manufactured  goods." 

"We  also  make  to  order  goods  of  any  desired  pattern, 
whether  for  ladies  or  gentlemen' s  wear  " 

"  Your  house  has  been  established  some  years-has  it  not? 
"  Since  1823  ;  and  our  long  and  successful  business  career  is 
a  sufficient  guarantee  that  purchasers  can  rely  upon  the  repre- 
sentations made  by  our  house,  and  that  their  confidence  will 
not  be  misplaced."  ,    ^  4.  1 1 

We  were  also  of  that  opinion,  and  after  Jonathan  had  told 
another  little  story  about  a  fox  and  a  trap,  we  thanked  our  in- 
formant, and  retired.  ,     ,  x       ^u 
"  Is  that  a  hotel,  on  the  opposite  corner  ?"  asked  Jonathan. 
"  Yes  •  that  is  the  Prescott  House,  named  in  honor  of  our 
great  American  historian.    In  point  of  architectural  beauty  it 
is  unsurpassed  by  any  other  building  on  Broadway." 
* '  It  certainly  is  very  handsome . " 

''The  entrance  hall,  with  its  beautiful  frescos  and  tesselated 
pavement,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country."  _ 

-  That  I  can  readily  believe,"  said  Jonathan,  looking  in  at 
the  door,  admiringly. 

-The  furniture  is  of  the  most  elegant,  costly  and  comfort- 
able d<iscription,  the  majority  of  it  having  been  made  expressly 
tor  this  house  in  London  and  Paris.' ' 

"You  surprise  me."  '^^^ 


S8  THE    DIAMOND    PALACE. 

"  The  chief  guests  of  the  honpc  arc  Furopeans,  who,  npon 
arriving  here  in  the  i-teamcr,  at  ouce  proceed  to  the  Prescott 
House,  and  make  that  their  headquarters  And  within  its 
hospitable  walls  there  is  always  some  foreigner  of  disiinc- 
tion." 

"That  church  opposite,  situated  at  548  Broadway,  is  the 
Eev.  Dr.  E.  H.  Chupin's,  the  celebrated  Universalist  preacher." 

"  Here,  at  563  Broadway,  is  the  music  store  of  Mr.  Thaddeus 
Firth,  succe.-sor  to  the  late  firm  of  Firth,  Son,  &  Co.  His 
father,  senior  member  of  the  firm,  was  for  45  years  the  head 
of  the  most  influential  music  house  in  New  York." 

"Forty-five  years!  Almost  a  lifetime,"  ejaculated  Jona- 
than. 

"  True,  And  his  son,  keeping  pace  with  the  march  of  the 
times,  intends  maintaining  the  excellence  of  the  house  to  that 
standard  obtained  by  his  predecesjsors.  It  will  continue  to  be 
the  popular  music  house,  both  in  the  wholesale  and  retail  de- 
partment." 

"Among  the  many  splendid  and  costly  edifices,"  said  I, 
"  erected  on  Broadway,  none  is  more  imposing  than  the  lofty 
marble  palace  of  Messrs.  Ball,  Black  &  Co.,  at  the  corner  of 
Broadway  and  Prince  street." 

"  It  is  a  beautiful  structure  !"  and  Jonathan  looked  with  un- 
feigned admiration  upon  the  building. 

*'  Constructed,''  I  continued  "of  East  Chester  marble,  it  pre- 
sents an  ornament  at  once  striking  and  beautiful,  and  may 
well  be  called  '  The  Diamond  Pcilace  of  Broadway.'  '' 

"  And  is  that  the  name  it  bears  ?'' 

**  Yes.  But  let  us  enter.  The  members  of  the  firm  will  be 
glad  to  see  us,  and  will  give  us  a  cordial  welcome.  The  porch, 
through  which  we  ai'e  now  passing,  is  built  in  the  Corinthian 
Btyle  of  architecture  ;  the  doors  are  imitation  ebony,  relieved 
by  sandal  wood  and  bronze.'' 

"  What  large  windows  !"  exclaimed  Jonathan. 

"  Each  one  measures  nine  by  fifteen  feet,  and  were  manu- 
factured expressly  in  France,  for  this  building." 

"  You  don't  tell  me  !'' 

"  As  we  enter  the  vestibule  what  a  beautiful  scene  is  present- 


A  GOOD  LiPt.  8S 

ed  to  out  gaze,  momentcarily  bewildering  U3  by  the  dazzling 
display  that  breaks  upon  our  view." 

' ' That  is  so  ;  it  is  like  fairy-land." 

*'  The  floor  is  of  Italian  marble  ;  the  counter  of  the  same  ma» 
terial  and  richly  carved ;  the  ebony  colored  cases  around  the 
room  filled  with  most  beautiful  and  costly  goods.  On  either 
side  are  diamonds^  amethysts,  rubies,  sapphires,  emeralds, 
onyxes,  and  precious  stones  of  every  description.  Every  hue 
is  represented  ;  every  degree  of  brightness  sends  forth  its  charm, 
and  the  bewildered  eye  of  the  spectator  is  fairly  dazzled  by  the 
beauty  and  splendor  of  the  Various  gems." 

"  You  are  quite  enthusiastic,  John,''  ejaculated  Jonathan. 

"  Enthusiastic  !  and  who  can  help  being  so,  in  such  a  place  as 
this  !  Look  at  the  ceiling  ;  see  how  beautifully  it  is  painted  to 
harmonize  with  the  whole  ;  an  either  side  see  what  elegance 
and  taste  has  been  exhibited  ;  behold  the  finely  wrought  cabi- 
net work,  and  finely  executed  bronze  candelabras  with  which 
this  floor  is  lighted,  and  then  say  if  you  can  be  surprised  at  my 
enthusiasm." 

•'No,  John,  I  cannot  be  surprised  ;  to  tell  you  the  truth,  I 
feel  a  glow  of  enthusiasm  myself 

At  this  juncture  one  of  tbe  junior  members  of  the  firm,  a 
most  genial  and  courteous  gentleman,  approached  us,  and  we 
at  once  placed  ourselves  under  his  guidance. 

The  basement  floor  of  the  building  is  used  for  a  packing 
room,  and  the  manuftictory  of  gas  fixtures.  One  portion  of 
this  room  is  divided  off  into  a  sort  of  cage,  forming  a  burglar 
proof  safe  40  by  25  feet,  in  which  can  be  placed  from  1,200  to 
1 ,500  plate  chests,  and  other  valuable  articles  entrusted  to  the 
firm  for  safe  keeping.  Under  the  sidewalk  on  the  Prince 
street  side,  is  the  boiler  room,  where  steam  is  generated  in  a 
boiler  of  thirty  horse  power,  for  the  purpose  of  driving  ma- 
chinery and  heating  the  building.  A  steam  engine  of  ten 
horse  power,  furnishes  the  motive  by  which  the  machinery  in 
the  mnnufacturing  department  is  driven.  A  donkey  engine 
operates  an  elevator  capable  of  raising  six  thousand  pounds, 
which  communicates  with  each  of  the  upper  floors. 

Passing  through  the  main  floor,  wo  are  led  up  stairs  over  a 


40  Paintings  and  !?tatuary. 

flight  of  marble  steps,  fringed  with  ebony  rails,  and  Trainscoted 
with  tho  same  material,  relieved  by  occasional  ornaments  of 
sandal  wood,  poliched  anc^  finished  in  exquisite  style.  At  the 
foot  of  these  stairs  are  two  life  size  bi'onze  statues,  elegantly  and 
art  stically  finished.  To  attempt  to  give  a  description  of  these 
rooms  into  which  we  were  led  by  these  stairs,  would  be  worse 
than  u-eless.  Such  an  agglomeration  of  beauty,  magnificence, 
wealth  and  taste,  can  not  be  equalled  anywhere.  Paintings 
and  engravings  ot  the  most  costly  kinds  ;  statues  and  statuettes, 
in  silver,  gold,  glass,  wax,  cork,  bronze,  plaster  and  stone  ; 
ornithological  groups  combining  taste  with  elegance  ;  illus- 
trations of  natural  history  as  rare  as  beautiful ;  clocks  and 
watchesof  every  conceivable  style  of  finish,  from  France,  Eng- 
land, Germany  and  other  parts  of  Europe  ;  Italian  paintings, 
sculpture  and  engravings,  of  the  jnost  ancient  as  well  as  of  the 
most  modern  schools — all  these  articles  of  vertu,  with  thou- 
sands of  others,  are  scattered  around  in  the  best  arrangement, 
but  with  a  profusion  truly  wonderful. 

The  upper  stories  of  this  building,  which  is  six  stories  in 
height,  are  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  jewelry  and  silver 
ware.  The  facilities  for  the  manufacture  of  everything  relat- 
ing to  precious  metals,  are  immense  ;  indeed,  there  are  no  more 
extensive  workshops,  in  the  whole  country,  than  Messrs.  Ball, 
Black  &  Co.'s,  having  room  for  and  frequently  employing  three 
or  four  hundred  men  at  one  time. 

The  building  is  entirely  fire  proof,  and  so  satisfied  are  the 
firm  of  this,  that  they  do  not  insure  any  portion  of  their  own 
goods.  Though  those  articles  of  plate  and  value,  deposited 
with  them  by  gentlemen  visiting  Europe  or  the  country,  are 
insured  to  their  full  worth.  This  is  simply  done  to  satisfy  the 
depositors.  Often  property  to  the  value  of  many  millions  is  de- 
posited with  them. 

It  is  also  proof  against  the  incursion  of  burglars  ;  the  ar- 
rangements for  their  detection  being  exceedingly  ingenious  and 
perfect.  By  means  of  a  pate-nt  clock,  and  the  services  of  ac- 
tive watchmen— six  of  whom  are  in  the  interior  of  the  build- 
ing, and  two  out— the  most  daring  burglar  would  be  foiled 
on  every  plan  of  attack  he  might  make  on  the   store.     The 


EXPENSIVE    r)!AMoN0g  41 

iron  doors  are  fitted  by  a  kind  of  lock  which  would  defy  all 
the  ordinary  force  to  move  one  of  their  tongues  from  its 
place. 

The  building  is  one  hundred  feet  on  Prince  street,  and  fifty 
two  feet  on  Broadway  ;  its  height  is  ninety-eight  feet  from 
curve  to  cornice,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  from  base 
to  apex.  The  average  cost  of  the  building  was  about  $150,000. 
Now,  with  the  present  high  price  of  materials  and  labor,  it 
could  not  be  buiit  under  nearly  treble  that  sum.  It  is  of  the 
Corinthian  style  of  architecture.  On  the  summit  of  the  build- 
ing there  is  a  golden  eagle,  about  eight  feet  high,  and  measur- 
ing the  same  length  from  the  tip  of  his  wings  ;  it  has  seryed  as 
a  sign  for  this  firm  for  the  past  forty  years. 

Before  leaving  the  eftablishment,  the  gentleman  who  had 
kindly  escorted  us  through  the  building,  led  the  way  to  a  pri- 
vate office,  and  there  exhibited  to  our  astonished  and  delighted 
gaze  some  diamond  sets  valued  at  $30,000  and  S50,000 
each. 

•*  Do  you  ever  sell  such  exi)ensive  sets?"  asked  Jonathan. 

*'  Certainly,"  .?aid  our  informant,  smiling  at  the  question  ;  "  or 
we  should  not  make  them  up.  In  former  times  when  a  sales- 
man sold  to  the  amount  of  a  thousand  dollars,  he  thought  he 
had  done  a  big  thing,  and  would  consider  himself  master  of 
the  situation,  for  that  day,  at  least.  But  now  a  sale  to  the  ex- 
tent of  a  thousand  dollars  is  an  ordinary  occurrence,  and  causes 
no  comment  whatever.'' 

Thanking  our  guide  for  his  courtesy,  we  withdrew,  much 
pleased  and  gratified  with  our  tour  of  inspection.  Upon  reach - 
jog  the  street  Jonathan  asked  me  how  long  the  house  had  been 
established. 

"  It  was  founded,"  I  replied,  "by  Erastus  Barton  in  1810,  and 
the  entire  capital  then  invested  by  him  was  about  equal  to  a 
day's  profits  at  the  present  time." 

'*  That  I  can  readily  believe.'' 

* '  It  shows  what  industry  and  energy  will  do.  Persever- 
ance, combined  with  integrity  of  .purpose,  will  tell,  and  sooner 
or  later  will  crown  a  man  with  success." 

"That  brown  stone  building,"  said  I,  pointing  to  the  edifice 


42  A   GREAT   iNVEKTiOff. 

OTi  the  north-east  corner  of  Prince  street  and  Broadway,  ''1.4  the 
Metropolitan  HoteL  It  extends  through  to  Crosby  street,  aucJ 
covers  two  acres  of  ground.'' 

*'  It.is  a  coble-looking  etructure,  truly,''  said  Jonathan. 

"You  are  right;  it  is.  As  an  item  of  intei^est  I  would  toil 
you,  that  there  are  over  12  miles  of  gas  and  water-pipes  run* 
ning  through  the  buildings." 

"  You  astound  me." 

"There  are  many  things  that  astound,"  said  I,  somewhat 
sententiously,  "  in  New  York  city." 

Jonathan  emphatically  agreed  with  me. 

"  Here,"  said  I  to  Jonathan,  ''at  No.  575,  is  the  fixshionable 
boot  and  shoe  store  of  Mr.  E.  A.  Brooks,  who  is  celebrated  fot 
the'excellence  and  elegance  of  his  work.'' 

"  Now,"  I  remarked  to  Jonathan,  as  we  neared  625  Broadway, 
"  we  will  take  a  look  at  thegreatestinventionof  modern  times." 

*'The  greatest  invention  of  modern' times !''  exclaimed 
Jonathan,  surprised  ;  "what  do  you  mean  ?" 

'"I  mean  what  I  eay  ;  in  fact,  I  am  not  sure  if  I  said  the  greats 
est  invention  the  world  ever  saw,  I  should  not  be  more  correct." 

"  You  don'^t  tell  me  ;  v/hat  invention  is  that  ?" 

"  I  mean  the  sewing  machine — one  of  the  marvels  of  these 
later  days.'' 

"  You  are  right ;  it  is  a  great  invention.'' 

"And  has  done  more  .good,  and  more  to  alleviate  the  suffer- 
ings of  poor  overworked  humanity,  than  almost  any  other  in- 
vention you  can  name,  and  in  many  departments  of  industry, 
has  wrought  a  complete  change.  Tailors,  dressmakers,  shirt- 
makers,  hatters,  shoemakers,  clothiers,  harness-makers,  um-.» 
brella-makers,  and  in  fact,  all  business  and  trades,  where  sewing 
is  required,  have  been  benefitted." 

'*  You  remember  Hood's  poem  of  the  *  Song  of  the  Shirt  ?'  " 
ask^d  Jonathan. 

"  Indeed  I  do  :  a  more  touching  and  beautiful  poem  was 
never  written  in  the  English  language.  If  the  sewing  machine 
has  done  nothing  else,  it  has  improved  the  condition  of  poor 
seams trecses,  and  now  it  cannot  be  said  that  shirtmakers  are 

♦'  •  Sewing  at  ouce,  with  a  double  thread, 
A  ehroud  as  well  as  &  shirt.'  ** 


THE    Fin  ST    SEWlNG-MACniNE.  43 

"There  are  several  makers  of  sewing-machines,  arc  there 
not  ?     Whose  machine  do  you  consider  the  Lest  ?" 

'•  It  is  universally  conceded,  both  by  families  and  manufac- 
turers, that  Wheeler  &  Wilson's  bear  the  palm.  They  arc  in- 
dorsed by  srch  men  as  Henry  Ward  Eeecher,  Solon  Ilobinson, 
the  llev.  Dr.  Yin' on,  and  many  other  equally  •well  known 
gentlemen,  all  of  who.m  hailed  the  advent  of  a  sewing-raachino 
1)1  their  houses  as  a  blessing.  But  here  we  arc  at  Wheeler  & 
Wilson's  store." 

Entering  the  front  door,  Jonathan  was  at  once  struck  with 
the  immense  depth  of  the  building,  and  the  beautiful  and 
elegant  manner  in  which  the  store  and  warei'ooms  were  fitted 
up.  The  M'hole  of  the  wood  work,  comprising  the  cases,  desks, 
counters,  staircase,  &c.,  is  of  black  walnut,  oil-finished,  and 
ornamented  with  carving  and  ebony  moulding,  making  the 
tout  ensemble  perfectly  delightful. 

One  of  "ihe  most  interesting  things  shown  us,  was  the  first 
machine  ever  made  by  Messrs.  Wheek-r  &  Wilson.  It  was  con- 
structed in  1851,  and  has  been  in  use  more  than  fourteen  years. 
Compared  with  the  machines  of  to-day,  it  is  a  cumbersome- 
looking  affair  enough,  though  in  its  day  was  considered  re- 
markably handsome.  Its  original  cost  was  $125 — a  much 
superior  article  can  be  obtained  now  for  $55. 

"  I  presume  your  sales  aie  much  larger  now  than  then,"  said 
Jonathan. 

"  Slightly  so,"  replied  our  informant ;  "in  1853  we  sold  799 
machines ;  now  we  are  manufacturing  them  at  the  rate  of 
50,000  per  annum." 

"  It  seems  almo;-t  incredible.' 

*'■  It  will  not,  when  I  tell  you,  that  there  are  many  establish- 
ments in  this  and  other  cities,  that  have  four  or  five  hundred 
^ew;ng-machiueii  for  the  use  of  their  workpeople.  In  Kew 
Haven  there  is  a  house  that  employs  400  of  the  Wheeler  & 
Wil- on  machines  for  making  shirts  alone.  A  shirt  made  by 
the  machine,  takes  one  hour  and  sixteen  minutes  in  the  mak- 
ing ;  so  you  can  imagine,  that  in  the  course  of  a  week,  there 
are  quite  a  large  number  of  shirts  turned  out." 

"Has  the  introduction  of  sewing-machines  injured  needle- 
women to  any  extent  ?" 


44  QUICK    STITCHING. 

"On  the  contrary,  f.hey  have  been  greatly  benefitted  ;  new 
branches  of  needlework  have  been  introdticed,  and  the  old 
ones  greatly  extended,  giving  the  operator  better  remunera- 
tion, and  lighter  and  more  healthful  work.  Many  owners  of 
sewing-machines  earn  from  $50  to  $100  per  month." 

*'  Why,  the  smallest  amount  is  a  small  fortune  to  many 
needlewomen.'' 

*'  True.  The  sewing-machine  has  become  almost  a  necessity  ; 
no  family  or  manufactory  where  sewing  is  required  to  be  done, 
is  complete  without  it." 

' '  It  must  be  more  healthy  than  the  cramped  and  stooping 
posture  of  the  old  style  of  sewing  ?' ' 

"  The  hygienic  importance  of  the  sewing-machine  is  not 
second  to  its  commercial ;  the  iinhealthful  nature  of  needle- 
work is  proverbial.  The  cramped  posture,  the  strain  of  the 
eyes,  the  derangement  of  the  digestive  organs  and  the  nerves, 
over  a  monotonous  task,  have  told,  with  telling  effects,  upon 
the  health  and  character  of  needlewomen.'' 

"  How  many  hands  do  you  think  your  machine  is  equal  to?" 

"  About  ten.  Sewers  accustomed  to  make  by  hand  thirty  or 
forty  stitches  a  minute,  are  surprised  at  the  facility  with  which 
the  machine  accomplishes  so  much,  and  come  to  look  upon 
operating  on  the  machine  as  an  agreeable  pastime,  rather  than 
work.'' 

' '  How  many  stitches  can  the  machine  make  a  minute  ?' ' 

"  Ffom  five  to  six  hundred,  according  to  the  material  and 
quality  of  the  work  ;  when  driven  by  steam-power,  fifteen 
hundred,  and  two  thousand  stitches  a  minute  are  not  an  un- 
usual average." 

"  My  goodness !  it  seems  almost  incredible." 

*'  It  does  ;  but  it  is,  nevertheless,  a  fact.  One  great  feature 
in  the  Wheeler  &  Wilson  machine,  is  the  wide  range  of  its  ap- 
plication. For  instance,  a  person  furnished  with  one  of  those 
machines,  can  employ  them  in  making  shirts,  mantillas, 
diamond  ruffiing,  skirts,  hats,  caps,  &c  ;  in  fact,  it  sews  all 
materials,  from  the  stoutest  woolen  to  the  finest  cambric  ;  con- 
sequently, as  long  as  sewing  is  to  be  done,  the  machines  are 
sure  of  something  to  do." 


WHEL'XER  &  WIL<('N'S  BUILI'ING,  625  Broadway. 


Ham*s  carriage  factory  45 

*'  Do  these  machines  make  button-holes  ?" 
"  No  ;  but  they  do  almost  everthing  else.  Garments  are 
made  entirely  by  it,  with  the  exception  of  sewing  on  the  but- 
tons ;  laces  are  stitched  on  ;  folds,  tucks,  gathers,  plaits  are 
laid  and  stitched  ;  cord  run  in  ;  binding  put  on,  and  quilting 
can  also  be  done  after  =jlaborate  and  beautiful  designs." 
*' It  is  certainly  wonderful." 

*'  We  have  a  button-hole  and  eyelet-hole  machine,  which  is 
capable  of  making  100  button-holes  per  hour.'' 

**  Astonishing  !"  exclaimed  Jonathan,  as  we  bowed  to  ou\ 
guide,  and  made  our  exit  from  the  building. 

"On  the  corner  of  Bleeker  and  Mercer  streets,"  said  T,  "  ;8 
the  establishment  of  Messrs.  Lindeman  &  Sons,  the  '.nventors  an(3 
manufacturers  of  the  new  Patent  Cycloid  Piano  Fortes,  whicb 
they  claim  have  a  superiority  of  tone,  a  more  beautiful  form, 
and  will  stand  in  tune  longer  than  any  of  the  old  style  of  in- 
Btiuments." 

"And  what  hotel  is  this?''  asked  Jonathan,  when  we  had 
arrived  opposite  Bond  street. 

"This  is  the  La  Farge  House,"  I  responded.  "It  is  built 
of  white  marble  ;  feven  storie^  in  height,  and  capable  of  ac- 
cmmodating  between  four  and  five  hundred  guests.'' 

During  our  walk  up  Broadway,  Jonathan  had  been  admiring 
the  various  stylish  and  elegant  equipages  that  crowded  that 
thoroughfare.  As  we  neared  Fourth  street,  a  splendid  Clarence 
Carriage,  with  a  full  circular  front  of  plate-glass,  drawn  by  a 
couple  of  bays,  dashed  by  us.  This  set  us  talking  about  fast 
hoises,  carriages,  wagons,  and  all  things  else  appertaining  to 
the  road.  Jonathan  said  he  wanted  to  purchase  a  carriage  aud 
set  of  harness,  and  asked  me  the  best  place  to  do  so. 

'  •  You  could  not  have  spoken  at  a  more  opportune  time,  for 
just  across  the  way,  at  No.  10  East  Fourth  street,  are  the  car- 
riage and  harness  warerooms  of  Mr.  John  C.  Ham  ;  we  will  go 
there  and  look  at  some  carriages,  and  if  you  cannot  be  suited, 
you  will  be  hard  to  please,  as  he  constantly  has  on  hand  about 
150  different  styles.'' 

"Is  Mr.  Ham  celebrated  as  a  maker  ?" 

"Indeed,  is  he.  Unlike  most  of  the  principals  of  other 
firms,  Mr.  Ham  is  himself  a  practical  mechanic,  and  Bupervisea 


46  TETE  omciNAL  sfiwmG  uAcmnt. 

the  make  and  fmish  of   each  vehicle  turned  out  of  tis  faS* 
tory." 

"  Then,  he  is  a  roan  of  great  experience  ?" 
"  Me  is  :  has  been  in  the  trade  thirty-five  years,  twenty  of 
which  he  has  bei  n  located  on  Broadway ;  now  he  has  these 
spacious  warerooms,  corner  of  East  Fourth  street  and  Broad' 
way,  Thus,  by  avoiding  the  enormous  rents  of  Broadway,  he 
is  enabled  to  sell  at  least  twenty-five  ner  cent,  less  than  his 
competitors  on  that  thoroughfare." 

*'  As  much  as  that  ?"  said  Jonathan,  astonished. 
"Yes;    such  warerooms  as  Mr.  Ham   occupies,  would,  on 
Broadway,  command  a  rent  of  $30,000  per  annum,  while  where 
he  now  is,  one  door  from  Broadway,  the  rent  does  not  exceed 
one-fourth  of  that  sum." 

So  speaking,  we  entered  the  building,  and  Jonathan  was 
soon  lost  in  admiration  of  the  elegance  and  beauty  of  the  va- 
rious styles. 

When  Jonathan  had  completed  his  purchase,  he  was  told — ■ 
with  pardonable  pride — that  in  1840-44-52  and  64  Mr.  Ham 
took  the  first  pi-emium  from  the  American  Institute,  for  the 
best  Carriage,  over  several  of , the  first  manufacturers  in  tho 
country,  and  in  1854-5  was  awarded  a  gold  medal,  as  the  first 
premium,  by  the  Commissioners  of  i.he  World's  Fair,  in  New 
York.  And  Jonathan  was  also  told,  that  the  manufacturing 
facilities  of  this  establishment  were  not  3xcelled  by  any  other 
in  the  country — giving  constant  employment  to  400  to  500  first- 
class  mechanics — and  that  the  manufacture  of  carnages  far  sur- 
pass, in  high  fmish,  good  workmanship  and  fine  quality  of  stock, 
any  Broadway  establishment,  lie  has  orders  from  every  quarter 
of  the  world— from  Cuba,  ]\Iexico,  England,  France,  China,  &c. 
"By  the  way,  we  were  talking  of  sewing-machines  a  few 
minutes  ago.  Let  us  drop  in  here.  No.  609  Broadway,  the  oflSce 
of  the  Howe  Sewing  Machine  Company,  and  see  if  we  cannot 
catch  a  glimps^e  of  Mr.  Elias  Howe,  the  original  inventor  of  the 
sewing-machine  " 

*'  Nothing  would  please  me  more/'  said  Jonathan  delightedly. 
"At  any  rate."  I  went  on,  "  if  we  have  not  the  good  fortmie 
to  see  him,  we  shall  be  enabled  to  see  the  original  machine 
made  by  him,  and  patented  in  1846.'' 


A   NICE    INCOME.  47 

After  examining  the  machine,  which  embraces  all  the  prin- 
ciples embodied  in  the  present  sewing-machines,  the  only  im- 
provement being  in  form  and  simplicity,  we  were  told  the 
mechanical  history  of  Mr.  Elias  Howe,  who  is  now  the  presi- 
dent of  this  company,  giving  'tiach  branch  of  the  manufacture 
his  immediate  supervision. 

It  appears  that,  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  Mr.  Elias 
Howe,  H  native  of  Massachusetts,  first  conceived  the  idea  of 
making  a  mechanical  seamstress.  His  history  is  remarkable, 
and  in  some  respects,  presents  a  happy  contrast  to  that  of  other 
great  inventors,  whose  genius  only  brought  them  trouble  and 
penury  through  life. 

When  only  twenty-two  years  of  age,  whilst  working  as  a 
mechanic,  he  conceived  the  project  of  making  a  sewing-machine. 
This  was  about  the  year  1841,  at  which  time  he  was  married 
and  had  a  little  family  a,round  him,  for  whom  he  !iad  to  labor 
hard  throughout  the  day.  In  after  hours  he  labored  in  his 
humble  abode,  at  Cambridgeport,  contriving  the  various  move- 
ments of  the  machine. 

The  patient  endurance,  the  intelligence,  and  the  perseverance 
of  Mr.  Howe  were  destined  to  overcome  all  difficulties  in  his 
way  ;  and  on  the  10th  of  September,  1846,  he  obtained  his  first 
patent. 

Singularly  enough,  Americans  failed  to  see  the  advantages  of 
this  invention,  so  it  was  sent  to  England,  where  tbe  patent 
right  was  sold  for  £200,  equal  to  about  $1,000.  Beyond  that 
Mr.  Howe  did  not  benefit  himself  in  England.  Nothing 
daunted,  he  returned  to' America.  In  1853  he  granted  his  first 
license  for  the  making  of  his  machines,  and  by  degrees,  was 
enabled  to  re-purchase  the  patents  he  had  «old  in  the  days  of 
his  adversity.  In  1855  he  was  in  possession  of  the  wh-  le  of 
them,  and  now  receives  a  royalty  upon  every  sewiug-machine 
manufactured  in  the  United  States,  which  produces  an  income 
of  $100,000  u  year. 

"An  immense  sum,''  said  Jonathan. 

"Yes  ;  but  incomparably  trifling,  to  the  benefit  ho  has  con- 
ferred up(m  the  world  at  large,  by  the  gift  of  his  labor-saving 
machinery." 

'*  You  are  right." 


48  gurney's  art  gallery.    ■ 

"  When  the  Piince  of  Wales  was  in  this  country,"  I  informed 
Jonathan,  "there  was  none  amoni;-  liis  suite  that  admired  so 
much,  and  paid  such  attention  to  American  art  as  he." 

Jonathan  seemed  somewhat  surprised  at  this  statement,  as  it 

was  apparently  apropos  of  nothing.   Noticing  this,  I  continued  : 

;      "Iwas  led  to  these  remarks  by  our  arriving  at  Gurney's 

Photographic  and  Fine  Art  Gallery,  707  Broadway.    It  is  the 

oldest  house  in  the  country  ;  and  it  is  here  the  Prince  of  Wales 

;|  sat  for  liis  portrait  " 

'      "  A  photographic  porti-ait  ?'' 

"  Yes  ;  but  afterwards  finished  in  oil,  by  Mr.  Constant  Mayer, 
tlie  .well-known  artist  of  the  establishment.  It  was  sent  to 
Queen  Victoria  as  a  present,  who  was  so  pleased  with  it,  that 
she  sent  a  letter  of  thanks  to  the  Messrs.  Gurney,  for  the  beau- 
tiful specimen  of  American  art,  and  as  an  assurance  of  her  ap- 
preciation of  the  skill  with  which  it  was  executed.'' 

"  Quite  a  feather  in  their  cap,  I  declare. '' 

**  Accompanying  the  portrait  was  an  album  of  photographs, 
which  was  presented  to  the  Prince  of  Wales.  He  was  so  pleased 
with  them,  that  he  caused  a  splendid  gold  medal  to  be  struck 
off,  and  sent  to  New  York,  for  their  acceptance." 

"  That  shows  mo^t  conclusively  that  American  art  is  recog- 
nized abroad." 

"Indeed  it  does.  In  the  portrait  gallery  may  be  seen  seve- 
ral fine  specimens  of  the  rare  skill  and  pov^er  of  these  artists  ; 
two  are  especially  worthy  of  notice  ;  they  are  likenesses  of  tho 
greatest  generals  of  the  day,  Winiield  Scott  and  U.  S.  Grant." 

Jonathan,  wishing  to  see  these  portraits,  we  entered  the 
splendid  art  gallery  of  the  Messrs.  Gurney. 

Before  leaving,  we  were  shown  the  latest  novelty  in  the  art, 
a  microscopic  photograph— a  picture  not  larger  than  the  eye  of 
a  needle— set  with  a  lens  which  enlarges  it  to  nearly  life  size. 
It  is  a  pretty  article  of  ornament,  and  enables  the  possessor  to 
carry  about  with  him,  in  the  smallest  space,  and  in  the  most 
unsuspected  manner,  a  complete  representation  of  the  most 
precious  of  friends  or  lovers. 

"  The  next  hotel  of  any  note  on  Broadway  is  the  New  York 
Hotel,  extending  from  Washington   to    Waverly  Place.     It  is 


ALEXANDER    T.    STEWARt's.  49 

miicTi  frequented  by  Southerners,  and  conducted  on  the  Eu- 
ropean plan." 

"  "What  large  building  is  that?''  asked  Jonathan,  iadicating 
the  object  of  inquiry  with  the  aid  of  his  dextei-  linger. 

"That  is  Alexander  T.  Stewart's  retail  dry  goods  store  ;  it 
stands  on  the  corner  of  Tenth  street,  and  is  one  of  the  greatest 
emporiums  for  articles  connected  with  that  business  the  world 
ever  saw.'' 

"  Is  the  whole  of  that  large  building  used  for  the  transaction 
of  Mr.  Stewart's  retail  business?" 

"  Yes  ;  and  large  as  it  is,  I  warrant  it  is  none  too  commodious 
for  the  proper  assortment  and  care  of  goods,  and  the  accom- 
modation of  customers.'' 

"  I  wonder  Mr.  Stewart  should  allow  such  a  line  of  carriages 
to  stand  before  his  store-doors.  Are  they  fur  hire  ?  or,  is  there 
some  public  place  of  amusement  in  the  neighborhood,  and  they 
are  waiting  for  the  audience  to  come  out  ?" 

I  could  not  refrain  from  laughing  at  this  interrogator)'. 

♦*  Those  carriages,"  I  replied,  "  are  in  waiting  for  those  ladies 
who  are  now  inside  the  store  shopping." 

"  What !   the  whole  of  them  ?" 

"  Yes  ;  and  if  you  will  looic  up  Tenth  street,  you  will  see  the 
line  extends  some  distance  up  there." 

**  What  an  immense  business  he  must  do  !" 

"  You  are  right ;  he  does.  There  is  no  house,  either  in  this 
•  country  or  in  Europe,  that  does  so  large  a  retail  trade.  But 
that  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  for  no  house  has  so  large  and 
varied  an  assortment.  No  matter  what  a  purchaser  requires — 
a  pair  of  gloves,  a  silk  dress,  a  lace  shawl,  or  a  parlor-carpet — 
she  is  sure  to  find  a  more  varied  and  choice  assortment  of  goods 
here  than  at  any  other  hou>e  in  the  same  line  of  business." 

"  Their  trade  is  wholly  with  fashionable  people,  I  presume  ?" 

*'  The  greater  portion  of  their  trade  is  with  the  elite  of  the 
city ;  but  people  not  so  well  to  do  ia  the  world,  also  make  their 
purchases  here,  finding  it  their  interest  to  do  so.  For  this 
reason,  Mr.  Stewart's  facilities  for  buying  are  so  large,  and 
his  purchases  so  great,  that  he  is  enabled  to  sell  goods  at  a 
more  reasonable  rate  than  suiailer  houses." 


60  GRACE   CHURCH. 

"Ah  !  It  is  an  old  and  true  saying,  that  '  money  makes 
money.'" 

On  the  north-east  corner  of  the  same  street  is  Grace  church  ; 
one  of  the  most  fashionable  places  of  worship  in  the  city.  It  is 
Protestant  Episcopal  in  its  denomination,  and  the  Rev.  Dr. 
ITiomas  N.  Taylor  is  the  rector  '' 

"  It  is  a  splendid  edifice,"  ejaculated  Jonathan,  admiringly. 

"  It  is;  but  soma  are  of  opinion  it  is  too  richly  decorated 
for  a  religious  edifice.  There  aro  tipward  of  forty  windows  of 
stained  glass,  all  of  •v^hich  have  decided  artistic  merit,  and  well 
worthy  inspection." 

"  The  famous  Diamond  Wedding  was  celebrated  here,  if  I  am 
not  mistaken  ?' ' 

"You  are  right.  Tl^e  sexton  of  this  cnurch  is  the  well- 
known  Isaac  V.  Brown,  without  whom,  as  master  of  the  cere- 
monies, no  fashionable  wedding  is  considered  complete." 

"My  goodness  !"  ejaculated  Jonathan  Griggs,  as  we  stopped 
on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  street.  "Is  this  another  hotel? 
Why,  Few  York  seems  full  of  themi !" 

"  This  is  the  St.  Denis,"  I  replied.  "  It  is  considered,  archi- 
tecturally, one  of  the  handsomest  buildings  on  Broadway.  It  is 
conducted  on  the  European  plan,  and  much  frequented  by  for- 
eigners." 

Among  the  well-known  art  emporiums  of  Broadway,  there  is 
none  better  known  than  that  of  Messrs.  Weisman  &  Langer- 
feldt,  successors  to  Emil  Seitz,  the  well-known  virtuoso. 

Mr.  Seitz  has  been  for  years  connected  with  fine  art  estab- 
lishments, both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  and  has  ob- 
tained one  of  the  finest  collections  of  line  engravings,  etchings, 
mezzotints,  drawing  studies,  water-color  drawings,  &c.,  ever 
seen  on  this  continent. 

Now,  on  his  retirement  from  business,  he  has  transferred  the 
whole  of  his  business  to  the  above-named  gentlemen,  who, 
from  a  long  experience,  are  worthy  to  fill  the  place  left  vacant 
by  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Seitz. 

Their  store  is  at  No.  842  Broadway,  corner  of  Thirteenth 
street,  and  will  be  found  one  of  the  centres  of  attraction  on 
that  fcj.r- famed  street. 


WASHINGTON'S    STATUS.  61 

"What  deliglitful  place  is  this?"  queried  Jonrilban,  when 
we  had  reached  Union  J-quare. 

"This,' 'said  I,  "  is  Union  Square,  and  extends  from  Four- 
teenth to  Sevent/2enth  streets.  In  the  centre- is  a  charming 
pleasure  ground,  surrounded  by  an  iron  railing.  In  it  are  9 
fountain,  and  a  moderately  large  basin  of  water,  filled  with 
fish.  It  is  a  place  of  favorite  resort  during  the  sumr.'xr 
months,  and  is  much  affected  by  nursemtfids  and  their  infantile 
cares. ' ' 

"Such  a  spot  in  the  heart  of  a  great  city,  is  like  an  oasis  in 
the  desert. ' ' 

"  Quite  poetical,  I  declare,"  I  laughingly  replied.  **  On  the 
northern  side  of  the  square  are  the  Everett  House,  the  Claren- 
don Hotel,  and  the  headquarters  of  the  Fenian  Brotherhood  ;  on 
the  western  side  are  Dr.  Cheever's  church,  fiimous  for  its  Abo- 
lition proclivities,  and  the  Spiagler  Hotel  ;  on  the  southern 
side  are  the  Union  Hotel,  and  the  liaison  Dorce,  celebrated  ag 
one  of  the  best  restaurants  in  the  city.'' 

"  What  statue  is  that  V ' 

**'That  is  the  bronze  statue  of  the  immortal  Washington. 
It  was  designed  and  executed  by  Mr.  Biown,  who  was  four 
years  completing  his  ta«k.  It  is  fourteen  and  a  half  feet  in 
height,  and  the  extreme  elevation,  including  the  pedestal, 
which  is  of  granite,  is  twenty-nine  feet."  . 

"  What- is  the  expense  of  such  a  statue  ?" 

''  This  one  cost  upwards  of  $30,000.  On  the  opposite  side  of 
the  square,  on  the  Fourteenth  street  side,  a  companion  statue 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  is  to  be  erected." 

Jonathan  went  nearer,  to  examine  the  statue,  and  as  he  did 
so,  reverently  raised  his  hat. 

"Just  round  the  corner,"  I  remarked  to  Jonathan,  "is  the 
salesrooms  of  the  largest  piano-forte  manufacturers  in  the 
wiiole  wide  world." 

"  How  very  singular,"  exclaimed  Griggs.  "  I  Avas  just  about 
to  tell  you  that  I  had  promised,  while  in  New  York,  to  nurchase 
a  piano  for  my  daughter." 

"Then  Ftein way's  is  the  very  place  ;  for  they  are  not  only 
the  largest  manufacturers  in  the  world,  but  the  best,  as  you 


52  A    NEW   MUSIC   HALL. 

will  readily  believe,  when  I  tell  you  they  are  endorsed  hy  such 
pianists  and  musical  celebrities  as  S.  B.  Mills,  Robert  Gold' 
beck,  Theodore  Thomas,  Max  Maretzek,  Robert  Heller,  Carl 
Bergmann,  William  Mason,  and  a  host  of  others,  equally  well 
known  in  the  musical  and  operatic  world.'' 
"  You  don't  say  so  !" 

"  And  they  are  equally  well  known  and  sought  after 
throughout  the  whole  of  Europe.  In  London,  at  the  Great 
Exhibition  of  1862,  the  Messrs.  Steinway  carried  off  the  first 
prize  ;  indeed,  so  great  was  the  superiority  over  all  other 
pianos,  that  the  jury  not  only  awarded  a  prize,  but  a  high  en- 
comium upon  the  fortunate  makers." 

*'  Do  you  mean  to  say,  the  Steinway  pianos  are  superior  to 
those  made  in  Europe?" 

'*  I  do,  iudeed  ;  but  when  I  say  so,  I  am  only  reiterating  the 
statement  of  the  most  celebrated  Professors  of  Music  through- 
out the  whole  of  Europe." 

"  Are  these  the  salesrooms  ?"  asked  Jonathan,  as  we  stopped 
before  No's.  71  and  73  East  Fourteenth  street,  between  Union 
Square  and  the  Academy  of  Music.  "  Why,  it  is  like  a  palace  !'' 
"  It  is  ;  and  fully  deserves  that  name.  It  is,  as  you  see, 
built  of  white  marble,  has  a  front  on  Fourteenth  street  of  50 
feet,  and  a  depth  of  85  feet.  It  has  a  basemen«t  and  four 
stories,  the  whole  of  which  are  used  as  salesrooms  for  the  sale 
Df  their  Square,  Upright  and  Grand  Pianos.'' 

So  saying,  we  entered  the  building,  and  Jonathan  was  at 
once  struck  by  the  elegant  and  commodious  salesrooms.  After 
Jonathan  had  made  his  purchase,  I  casually  mentioned,  he  was 
a  stranger  in  the  city,  and  was  surprised  at  the  magnificence  and 
extent  of  their  building. 

The  salesman,  with  pardonable  pride,  admitted  it  to  be  a 
splendid  edifice,  and  informed  us  that  a  new  Music  Hall,  to  ex- 
tend through  to  Fifteenth  street,  was  being  erected  in  the  rear 
of  ihis  building,  which,  when  finished,  would  be  123  feet  long, 
75  feet  in  breadth,  42  feet  high,  and  capable  of  holding  3,000 
persons.  He  also  told  us  that  everything  would  be  done  to 
make  it  the  finest  Music  Hall  in  the  country ;  between  the 
flooring  and  the  ceiling  of  the  basement  will  be  a  heavy  coat- 


FTEINWAY  &  SONS'  WAREROOMS,  71  &  73  E.  14th  St. 


STEINWAY^S   PtANOFOUTE   PACfORY.  63 

ing  of  solid  cement.  This  vvill  prevent  vibration,  and  add 
greatly  to  the  acoustic  properties  of  the  hall.  A  new  Grand 
Organ  will  also  be  erected,  enabling  music  to  be  performed 
never  before  attempted  in  this  country,  such  as  Oratorios  and 
Festivals.  And,  in  case  of  fire,  every  ])r6caution  will  be  made, 
so  that  the  audience  will  be  enabled  to  effect  an  exit  in  a  few 
seconds. 

As  we  were  about  leaving  the  building,  we  were  asked  if  we 
•would  not  like  to  visit  their  Mammoth  Piano-forte  Manufac- 
tory. 

To  this  question  we  gladly  answered  in  the  affirmative.  So, 
being  furnished  with  the  necessary  credentials,  we  at  once  pro- 
ceeded, by  cars,  to  this  su.perb  edifice,  which  is  situated  on 
Fourth  avenue,  occupyin.g  an  entire  block,  extending  from 
Fifty-second  to  Fifty-third  streets. 

Upon  our  arrival,  we  were  received  most  courteously  by  one 
of  the  partners,  who  at  once  showed  us  round  the  building, 
and  explained  to  us  objects  of  interest. 

"The  front  of  this  building,  our  manufactory,"  said  he, 
'♦has  a  length  of  201  feet,  with  a  depth  of  40  feet.  The 
wings,  on  Fifty-second  and  Fifty-third  streets,  are  each  165 
feet  in  length,  and  40  feet  in  depth.  The  whole  building  is  six 
stories  high,  including  the  basement ;  the  architecture  is  of  the 
modern  Italian  style,  with  brick  lintel  ar-^^hes,  brown-stone 
trimmings,  and  brick  dental  cornices.'' 

"  It  seems  very  sub'^tantially  built,"  I  remarked. 

**  It  is  ;  the  basement  wall  is  grouted  brick,  two  feet  thick  ; 
the  first  story  walls  twenty  inches,  and  the  upper  walls  sixteen 
inches  in  thickness.  The  main  buillings  cover  fourteen  city 
lots,  twelve  other  lots  are  also  used  for  the  pm-pose  of  seasoning 
lumber,  of  which  there  is  a  stock  of  about  3,000,000  feet  always 
piled  up  on  the  groimds." 

"  How  long  a  time  must  elapse,  before  you  consider  your 
timber  properly  seasoned  ?"  inquired  Jonathan 

"Two  years.  Kot  a  piece  of  lumber  is  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  our  pianos  that  has  not  been  in  the  open  air  for  that 
time,  and  subjected,  also,  to  the  kiln-drying  process  for  a  period 
3f  three  months."  . 


54  THE  VARNISHING   PROCESS. 

"The  kiln-drying  process?''  interrogated  Griggs. 

"  Yes.  In  the  yard,  here,  as  you  perceive,  there  are  four 
drying  bouses,  each  of  which  is  heated  by  2,000  f-et  of  st<  am 
pipe,  and  contains  about  75,000  feet  of  lumber  ;  conscqiiet.lly 
there  are  about  300,000  feet  of  lumber  constantly  under  the 
process  of  kiln-drying.  Here,  also,  is  a  splendid  engine,  of 
fifty  horse  power,  as  well  as  three  steam  boilers  of  filty  horse 
power  each.  In  the  basement  of  the  Fifty-second  street  wing, 
there  is  a  supplementary  engine,  of  twenty  horse-power,  so  as 
to  guard  against  any  accidental  interruption." 

•*  A  most  proper  precaution.'' 

"All  the  heavier  portion  of  machinery  is  located  in  this 
room,''  said  our  guide,  as  he  led«the  way  to  the  basement  of 
the  Fifty-third  street  wing.  "  These  planers,  Of  which  there 
are  three,  were  made  expressly  for  our  establishment,  and  are 
the  largest  implements  of  their  class  existing,  planing  the  largest 
piano  top  or  bottom  at  once.  Here,  also,  are  the  up-and-down 
saws,  circular  saws,  and  turning  lathes.  These  wonderful  and 
powerful  i)ieces  of  mechanism  are  constantly  at  work,  shaping 
the  rough  plank,  ready  for  use  on  the  first  floor  above,  where 
the  bottoms,  blockings,  wrest-planks,  and  other  parts  of  the 
case,  are  gotten  up,  with  the  aid  of  moulding,  joining,  and 
other  machinery.  On  the  third  floor  is  located  all  the  finer 
machinery  for  scroll-sawing,  rounding*  corners,  and  ehapiug 
the  various  parts  of  mechanism." 

"  Wonderful,  most  wonderful  1"  interrupted  Jonathan. 

"  The  floor  above,''  continued  our  explanator,  "  and  the  cor- 
responding floor,  in  the  wing  on  Fifty-second  street,  are  occu- 
pied by  the  casemakers,  who  take  all  these  single  parts,  put 
them  together,  veneer  and  finish,  ready  for  the  varnish-room, 
on  the  top  floor." 

"  The  varnishing,  I  presume,  does  not  take  long." 

"  To  varnish  a  case  thoroughly  takes  three  months." 

"  No  :  I  never  should  have  believed  it." 

"  On  the  floor  below,  the  instruments  are  strung,  the  action 
and  key-boards  fitted  in,  and  the  tops,  legs  and  lyres  adju.-ted 
and  put  on.  The  partly  finished  instruments  are  then  taken 
to  the  floor  below,  where  the  action  is  regulated  *  thence  to 


THE   REVENUE   TAX.  55 

fjhe  first  floor,  -where  the  hammers  and  the  tone  are  regulated  ; 
after  which  the  final  polish  i8  put  on  ttie  cases,  and  the  perfect 
piano  fs  ready  to  he  sent  to  tlie  {salesroom." 

"How  many  workmen  do  you  employ?"  asked  Jona- 
than Griggs.  "If  it's  a  fair  question?''  he  added  apologeti- 
cally, 

"■  We  have  about  450  men  constantly  employed,  who  turn 
out,  on  an  average,  35  Square,  7  Grand,  and  3  Upright  Pianos — 
in  all,  45  instruments  a  week.  Nearly  800  pianos  are  con- 
stantly in  course  of  construction  ;  and  these,  in  connection 
with  the  hardware,  machinery,  engine,  veneers,  lumber,  &c., 
&c  ,  represent,  at  least,  the  sum  of  8450,000,  exclusive  of  the 
buildings,  the  cost  of  which,  and  ground,  were  about  $150,000. 
Of  course,  this  docs  not  include  our  building  on  Fourteenth 
street,  which  represents,  at  the  present  value  of  property,  one 
million  of  dollars,'' 

"  Goodness  gracious  !  It  seems  incredible." 

'*  It  will  not,  when  I  tell  you,  that  our  annual  sales  are  over 
a  million  and  a  quarter  dollars,' on  which  we  have  to  pay  a 
revenue  tax  of  over  $75,000." 

"So  large  a  business  must  be  systematized  to  a  nicety," 
spoke  Jonathan. 

"  Our  business  is  divided  into  eighteen  different  departmeiits, 
each  under  the  immediate  superintendence  of  a,skilful  foreman, 
who  is  responsible  for  the  work  done  in  his  special  department.'' 

"  And  quite  right,  too." 

"  No  person  is  allowed  to  change  from  one  branch  to  another, 
each  workman  having  but  one  department  of  labor,  by  con- 
stant application  to  which  much  greater  skill  is  acquired  than 
can  be  attained  in  smaller  factories,  where  the  several  different 
branches  are  performed  by  the  same  person.'' 

"  An  excellent  plan,  truly." 

"  We  never  employ  apprentices — only  the  most  skilled  arti- 
zans.  Indeed,  our  standard  of  excellence  is  so  high,  that  it  is 
a  frequent  occurrence  for  a  workman  who  has  long  given  satis- 
faction in  other  factories,  to  fail  in  achieving  it  with  us." 

"  And  these  foremen,  of  whom  you  have  spoken,  I  presume 
are  overlooked  by  members  of  the  firm." 


66  THE    Flt^TH   AVENUE    HOTEL. 

"  Yes )  our  firm  consists  of  father  and  three  sons,  who  have 
under  their  immediate  personal  supervision,  the  construction 
Df  every  instrument,  from  the  selection  of  the  rough  >umber 
until  the  finished  piano  is  sent  to  the  salesrooms." 

Thanking  oui-  guide  for  hia  kindness  and  courtesy,  we  with- 
drew, and  once  more  returned  to  Union  Square,  and  resumed 
our  walk  on  Broadway. 

Jonathan,  by  this  time,  was  becoming  tired,  so  we  sauntered 
leisurely  further  up  Broadway,  taking  a  casual  glance  at 
Moore's  Madison  Square  Hotel,  corner  of  Twenty  first  street, 
and  the  St.  Germalne,  occupying  the  block  on  Twenty-second 
street,  between  Broadway  and  Fifth  avenue. 

"  At  No.  940  Broadway,"  said  I  to  Jonathan,  "  the  corner  of 
Twenty-second  street,  is  the  new  store  of  N.  Grossmayer,  who 
has  latelj'-  opened  a  large  and  fine  clothing  est-iiblishment. 
The  proprietor  keeps  constantly  on  hand  a  large  and  varied 
assortment  of  goods,  both  ready  made  and  to  measure.  The 
cutters  are  the  best  that  can  be  obtained ,  while  for  elegance 
of  style,  workmanship  and  durability  of  material,  Mr.  Gross- 
mayer's  goods  cannot  be  excelled  by  any  other  House  in  the 
trade." 

"This  hotel,"  I  said,  pointing  to  the  white  marble  building, 
occupying  the  block  between  Twenty-third  and  Twenty-fourth 
streets,  "  is  the  celebrated  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  and  is  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  city,  having  accommodations  for  nearly  eight 
hundred  guests.'' 

"  You  surprise  me.' " 

"  Let  me  draw  your  attention  to  the  magnificent  drug  store 
under  the  hotel,  and  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-fourth  street.'' 

*'  It  is,  indeed,  a  superb  place.' ' 

"The  proprietors  are  Messrs.  Casewell,  Mack  &  Co.,  and 
their  store  is  generally  acknowledged,  both  by  foreigners  and 
travelled  residents,  to  be  the  finest  and  most  spacious  es- 
tablishment of  the  kind  in  the  world.  It  is  well  worthy  a 
view,  and  all  strangers  should  certainly  pay  a  visit  to  it  before 
leaving  the  city.  From  that  marble  tank,  which  you  see,  is 
drawn  tlie  celebrated  spring  waters  of  P^urope,  such  as  Kissea- 
gen,  Vichy,  Pyrmont,  &c.,  all  kept  at  the  same  temperature  as 


MADtSON    SQUAHE.  57 

that  obtained  immediately  at  the  springs.  Another  feature  of 
this  truly  magnificent  establishment,  is  the  deliciously  cool 
soda  water,  with  the  choicest  fruit  syrups,  passed  through  a 
mass  of  Rockland  Lake  ice,  and  drawn  from  the  grand  fountain 
you  see  near  the  entrance." 

"How  my  mouth  waters  for  it  !"  exclaimed  Jonathan. 

*'This  house  also  manufactures  that  best  of  all  tonics,  the 
Ferro-phosphorated  Elixir  of  Calisaya  Bark,  which  you  meet 
from  Canada  to  New  Orleans,  and  even  to  San  Francisco  :  be- 
Bides,  they  make  Hazard  &  Caswell's  Cod-Liver  Oil,  which  has, 
among  the  medical  profession  generally,  the  reputation  of  be- 
ing the  purest  and  sweetest  in  the  world  :  they  also  manu- 
facture the  famous  Toilet  Cologne,  '  No.  6,'  now  famous  all  over 
the  country.  Every  article  emanating  from  their  establish- 
ment, is  of  the  choicest  quality.  With  the  fashionable,  this  es- 
tablishment is  a  great  favorite,  as  is  their  branch  house,  at  New- 
port, R.  I." 

''What  park  is  that?" 

"  That  is  Madison  Square,  and  contains  about  10  acres  of 
land  ;  in  it  are  many  noble  trees,  and  in  summer,  the  grass  and 
shrubs  are  pleasant  to  the  eyes  of  many  weary  New  Yorkers, 
who  come  here  ;to  relieve  themselves  of  the  dull  monotony  of 
50  much  bricks  and  njortar." 

"What  is  that  tall,  pillar-like  looking  thing,  sticking  up 
there?" 

"  That  is  a  granite  shaft,  erected  by  the  Common  Council  of 
the  city  of  New  York,  to  General  Worth,  who  fell  during  the 
Mexican  war.  If  you  are  asked,  you  can  say  it  is  situated  on 
the  western  side  of  Madison  Square." 

As  Jonathan  was  examinkig  the  monument,  a  cu,rriage  drove 
rapidly  up  to  the  Hoffman  House,  which  is  exactly  opposite, 
and  situated  on  the  corner  of  Twenty-fifth  street,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  Fifth  avenue  and  Broadway,  and  a  small  crowd  almost 
instantaneously  collected." 

"We  are  fortunate,''  I  cried;  "General  Scott  must  be  in 
that  carriage,'' 

"  What !     General  Winfield  Scott,  the  old  Mexican  hero  ?" 

And  Jonathan,  with  an  agility  worthy  of  a  much  younger 


58  HOFFMAIT   HOUSE. 

man,  darted  into  the  crowd,  eager  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the 
veteran,  for  it  was  he,  indeed.  In  another  instant,  the  tall, 
commanding  figure  of  the  General  descended  from  the  carriage, 
and,  amid  a  few  cheers,  which  he  acknowledged,  entered  the 
hotel. 

"  The  sight  of  General  Scott  is,  uione,  worth  a  \isit  to  New 
York,"  said  Jonathan,  decidedly,  and  then  added,  '*  I  wonder 
what  he  is  going  to  do  inside.'' 

*'  He  lives  at  the  Hoffman  House,  and  has  done  so  since  it 
was  first  opened,  in  1864.'' 

"You  don't  tell  me!  It  is  a  splendid-looking  house,  and, 
looking  upon  Madson  Square,  as  it  does,  and  being  on  Fifth 
avenue,  at  the  junction  of  Broadway,  through  which  a  constant 
stream  of  gay  and  dashing  equipages  are  constantly  passing  to 
and  from  the  Central  Park,  must  make  it  additionally  pleasant 
to  those  stopping  there." 

"  It  does.  This  house  is  the  representative  house  of  its  kind 
in  New  York,  and  is  conducted  on  the  European  plan.  It  has 
accommodations  for  nearly  400  guests  ;  yet,  great  as  this  num- 
ber is,  it  is  invariably  filled  with  the  elite  and  fashion  of  the 
country.'' 

"  Who  are  the  proprietors  ?" 

"  Messrs.  Mitchell  and  Eead,  gentlemen  whose  names,  to  the 
hotel-going  public,  arc  a  sufiQcient  guarantee  for  the  excellence 
of  their  house,  and  the  superiority  of  their  accommodations.'' 

"John,''  said  Jonathan,  interrupting  me,  with  an  air  of  pro- 
found wisdom,  "  I  am  getting  very  tired." 

"Are  you?"  I  replied,  assuming  a  dubious  tone.  To  tell 
the  truth,  I  was  tired  myself,  but  I  would  not  have  owned  it 
for  the  world. 

"  Yes  ;  let  us  be  getting  home." 

So  we  reiurned  to  my  house.  Jonathan  w.^s  so  completely 
worn  out,  that  he  actually  fell  asleep  over  his  supper,  which,  I 
observing,  suggested  a  bed  as  the  better  place  to  slumber  in. 

Bidding  me  good  night,  he  retired  to  his  room.  I  soon  fol- 
lowed his  example,  and  was  quickly  off  to  the  land  of  dreams. 


(59) 


WALK    THE    SEOOID. 

CEMTRAI.    PARK. 

It  was  a  beautiful  morning.  As  I  drew  up  the  window- 
shade  and  threw  open  the  blinds,  the  sun  streamed  in  brightly 
through  my  chamber  window,  lighting  up  my  room  and  in^ 
fusing  a  cheeriness  in  me  perfectly  delightful. 

"Just  the  day  for  my  purpose,"  I  thought.  *' Nature  will 
appear  in  her  most  delightful  garb,  and  if  I  don't  astonish 
Jonathan,  I'm  a  Dutchman." 

So,  dressing  with  rather  more  than  my  usual  care — for  I  hold 
that,  when  visiting  a  beautiful  place*,  you  should  not  help  to 
mar  the  general  whole  by  being  badly  dressed — I  proceeded  to 
the  break fst-room,  there  to  wait  for  Jonathan,  in  order  to  par- 
take of  the  matutinal  meal. 

I  read  all  the  morning  papers,  wrote  a  couple  of  letters, 
drummed  one  or  two  tunes  with  my  fingers  on  the  window- 
panes,  and  still  no  Jonathan  appeared.  Becoming  impatient,  I 
rang  the  bell,  and  asked  Mary  if  she  had  called  Mr.  Griggs. 

"Oh!  yes,  sir,"  she  replied;  "I  called  him  when  I  called 
you." 

"Strange  he  does  not  appear.  He  must  take  a  very  long 
while  dressing  Mary,  just  run  up  stairs,  will  you,  and  tell 
Mr.  Griggs  breakfast  is  ready." 

l\Iary  departed  on  her  errand  ;  quickly  returned  Avith  the 
infornxation  that  Mr.  Griggs  would  be  down  directly.  He  was 
as  good  as  his  word,  for  almost  before  Mary  had  left  the  room, 
he  bustled  in. 

"  How  now,  laggard  ?  "  I  said.  "  Breakfast  has  been  ready 
this  hour." 

"  No  !  Has  it,  though  ?  I  am  very  sorry  to  have  kept  you 
waiting,  but  the  fact  is,  I  ovi3rslept  myself." 

"Your  walk  yesterday  was  too  much  for  you,"  I  said, 
laughing. 


60  JONATHAN   TIRED. 

*'  Well,  to  tell  you  the  truth,  John,  I  was  very  tired.  1 
thiuk  walking  on  pavement  id  more  fatiguing  than  walking  on 
soil ;  don' t  you  ? ' ' 

"  No  doubt,'  I  replied,  somewhat  drily,  "  to  those  not  ac- 
customed to  pavement,  it  must  be  tiresome." 

"  Ah  !  that  accounts  for  it,  then  ;  for  I  think  I  never  was  so 
tired  in  all  my  life  before,  and  never  rose  from  my  bed  so  re- 
luctantly " 

I  was  not  sorry  to  hear  this.  I,  also,  was  excessively  tired, 
but,  of  course,  did  not  own  it,  and  began  to  think  my  prowess 
as  a  pedestrian  was  on  the  wane.  Jonathan's  confession,  how- 
ever, reassured  me,  as  he  was  the  very  picture  of  robust  health 
and  strength. 

"  Today,  Jonathan,"  I  said,  "we  will  have  a  rest." 

"  What !  not  go  out  to-day?  "  and  Griggs'  face  assumed  an 
expression  of  blank  dismay.     "  I  haven't  tired  you  out 't  " 

*'  Tired  me  out ! ' '  and  I  laughed  heartily  at  the  idea.  "  No, 
no,  Jonathan  ;  you  nor  no  other  man  can  do  that.  But  what  I 
meant  was  to-day  we'll  take  a  carriage." 

"  A  carriage '  " 

"  You  may  well  look  surprised.  To-day,  a  carriage  is  an 
imperative  necessity.  What  I  am  going  to  show  you  to-day 
would  take  two  or  three  weeks  to  explore  properly  on  foot." 

"Nonsense!" 

* '  No  nonsense  at  all  about  it.  Could  you  examine  in  one 
day,  and  on  foot,  nearly  forty  miles  of  walks,  rides,  and 
drives?" 

I  would  here  mention  that  there  are  only  about  thirty-eight 
miles,  but  when  talking  to  a  fiiend,  it  is  as  well  to  give  the 
round  number,  and  say  forty. 

"  I  don't  think  I  could  ;  in  fact,  I  am  sure  I  could  not.  But 
what  wonderful  place  is  this  you  intend  taking  me  to?  " 

"  Not  more  than  eight  years  ago,"  I  continued,  not  heeding 
him,. ''  it  was  a  bleak  and  barren  i-pot,  with  scarcely  the  slight- 
est vestige  of  vegetation  ;  the  accumulated  filth  of  bone-boiling 
establishments  and  other  offensive  refuse  matter  was  gathered 
there  ;  stagnant  pools  of  slimy  mud  and  water  infected  the  air 
"with  malarious  diseases  ;  dead  do^s  and  cats  were  strewn  about 


A   GREAT   CHANGE.  61 

in  reckless  profusion,  poisoning  the  atmosphere  and  offending 
the  olfactories  of  those  who  were  luckless  enough  to  pass  that 
way." 

''  You  don't  mean  to  take  me  there,  do  you  ?  "  asked  Jona- 
than, giving  a  little  shudder. 

*'Now,"  I  went  on  to  say,  paying  no  attention  to  his  ques- 
tion, "  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  charming  places  on 
the  face  of  the  earth.  The  whole  scene  has  been  changed  as 
if  by  enchantment.  Instead  of  stagnant  pools  of  water,  are  a 
beautiful  lake,  waterfalls,  and  pure  crystal  streams.  Instead, 
of  dead  and  putrid  animals,  the  air  is  redolent  with  the  per- 
fume of  a  thousand  flowers ;  and  instead  of  a  bleak,  barren 
spot,  the  whole  is  alive  with  vegetation." 

"  What  place  is  this  ? " 

"  Can  you  not  guess  ? ' ' 

"  I  think  I  can,"  said  Jonathan,  as  eagerly  as  though  I  had 
propounded  a  conundrum  ;  "  you  mean  the  Central  Park." 

"I  do.  What  other  could  I  mean  !  For  there  is  none  like 
it— none." 

"  1  have  read  so  much  about  it  that  I  am  anxious  to  see  it. 
When  do  we  start  ? ' ' 

"  At  once,  il  you  have  finished  breakfast.  I  heard  the  car- 
riage arrive  some  lew  minutes  ago." 

''Then  lei  us  be  oil;"  and  Jonathan  put  on  his  hat  and 
pulled  on  his  gloves  in  the  most  expeditious  manner  imagin- 
able. 

"If,"  said  I,  as  we  were  being  rapidly  whirled  toward  the 
Park,  "on  your  return  home,  you  wish  to  post  any  of  your 
Western  friends  who  intend  visiting  New  York  on  the  best  way 
of  reaching  the  Park,  you—" 

"  One  moment,  it  you  please  ;  "  and  in  less  than  that  time 
he  was  ready  with  note-book  and  pencil  to  jot  down  what  in- 
formaticm  I  might  give. 

"You  must  tell  them,"  I  went  on,  "that  the  cars  of  the 
Third  or  Sixth  Avenue  Eailroads  will  take  them  there.  The 
latter  will  deposit  them  at  one  of  the  principal  gates  ;  the 
former,  within  a  short  distance.  If  they  wish  to  hire  a  car- 
riage, as  wo  have  done,  let  them  hire  one  from  some  respect- 


6'2  Tire   TARIOUS   GATFS. 

"ble  livery  stable,  and  not  at  the  entrance  of  the  Park  gates. 
If  they  do,  the  dri^-er  may  not  demand  an  exorbitant  fare  : 
hut  if  he  does,  the  Park  Commissioners  ai'e  not  to  blame,  as 
they  arc  entirely  beyond  their  control." 

Jonathan  spoke  not  a  word,  but  went  on  busily  writing. 

"  During  the  months  of  December,  January,  and  February, 
the  gates  are  open  from  7  am.  to  8  p  m.  ;  during  March,  April, 
May,  June,  October,  and  November,  from  6  A.M.^to  9  p.m.  ; 
during  July,  August,  and  September,  from  5  a.m.  to  11  p.m." 

"At  what  period  of  the  year  do  you  think  it  best  to  visit 
the  Park?" 

"  That  is  impossible  to  say,  as  Nature  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year  has  its  peculiar  charms,  and  at  all  times,  providing  the 
weather  is  not  too  inclement,  the  Central  Park  is  a  delightful 
place  to  visit." 

•'How  large  is  the  Park  ?  "  asked  Jonathan. 

"The  length,  from  59th  to  110th  Streets,  is  13.507  ft. 
9  4-10  in. ;  breadth,  from  5lh  to  8th  Avenues,  2,718  ft. 
6  9-10  in.  ;  making  a  superficial  area  of  843  019-1000  acres." 

"  I  could  never  have  remembered  all  that,"  said  Jonathan. 

"  Neither  could  I,  it  I  had  not  read  up  just  before  I  left 
home.  But  here  we  are  at  the  Park,"  I  said,  as  the  carriage 
rolled  slowly  in  at  the  Scholar's  Gate,  corner  of  5th  Avenue 
and  59th  S^treet. 

"  The  Scholar's  Gate !  "  exclaimed  Griggs  ;  "  is  that  the  gate 
for  scholars  to  go  through?  " 

"  Yes,  or  for  any  one  elso  who  likes.  There  are  sixteen  gates, 
all  of"  which  are  named.  Besides  the  Scholar's  Gate,  there  are 
the  Artist's  Gate,  situated  on  6th  Avenue  and  59tli  Street ; 
the  Artizan's  Gate,  7th  Avenue  and  59th  Street  ;  the  Mer- 
chant's Gate,  8th  Avenue  and  59th  Street ;  the  Women's  Gate, 
8th  Avenue  and  72d  Street ;  the  Hunter's  Gate,  8th  Avenue 
and  79th  Street ;  the  Mariner's  Gate,  Sth  Avenue  and  85th 
Street ;  the  Gate  of  All  Saints,  Sth  Avenue  and  9Gth  Street ; 
the  Boy's  Gate,  8th  Avenue  and  100th  Street ;  the  Children's 
Gate,  5th  Avenue  and  7 2d  Street ;  the  Engineer's  and  Miner's 
Gate,  5th  Avenue  and  79th  Street ;  the  Stranger's  Gate,  Sth 
Avenue  and  90th  Street ;  the  Woodman's  Gate,  5th  Avenue 


A  VENETtA>f  GOXOOLA.  63 

ftiad  96th  Street ;  the  Girl's  Gate.  5th  Avenue  and  102d  Street ; 
the  Farmer's  Gate,  6th  Avenue  and  110th  Street  ;  the  War- 
tier's   Gate,  ?th  Avenue  and  110th  Street." 

Telling  the  coachman  to  stop  at  the  entrance  of  the  Mall,  we 
alighted,  as  I  wished  Jonathan  to  view  the  terrace  and  foun- 
tain, which  he  could  not  do  in  a  carriage. 

''This  nohle  avenue,"  I  commenced,  "lined  on  either  side 
•with  trees,  and  called  the  Mall,  is  1,112  feofelong  and  35  feet 
in  width.  On  the  right,  as  you  enter,"  said  I,  pointing  to  tha 
spot,  "is  the  site  of  the  Shakespeare  Monument.  At  the  end 
of  the  Mall  is  the  Water  Terrace,  from  which  we  can  ohtain  an 
excellent  view  of  the  lake." 

"  What  are  those  birds?  "  asked  Griggs, pointing  to  the  water- 
fowl floating  calmly  on  the  bosom  of  the  lake. 

"Those  are  swans,  presented  to  the  Commissioners  by  the 
Senate  of  the  City  of  Hamburg  ;  by  the  Worshipful  Company 
of  Vintners,  London ;  and  by  the  Worshipful  Company  of 
Dyers,  London." 

"  And  there  are  row-boats,  too,  upon  the  lake  !  '* 

"Yes,  and  for  viewing  the  beauties  of  the  lake  no  better 
means  could  be  obtained,  a.s  our  citizens  are  fully  aware,  for  the 
revenue  derived  from  them  is  between  six  and  seven  thousand 
dollars  yearly." 

"  What  is  that  strange-looking  craft  ? " 

"  That  is  a  Venetian  gondola.  If  you  wish  to  imagine  your- 
self in  the  'land  of  romance,  poetry,  and  song,'  all  j'ou  have 
to  do  is  to  hire  that,  and  give  your  fancy  full  play ;  but  be 
careful  not  to  speak  to  the  gondolier,  for  he  might  answer  you 
with  an  Hibernian  accent,  and  dispel  the  illusion." 

Jonathan  laughed. 

*'  This  terrace,  upon  which  we  now  stand,  is  the  main  archi- 
tectural structure  of  the  Park.  It  is  the  principal  assembling 
place  for  pedestrians,  and  an  expenditure  has  been  made  upon 
it  commensurate  with  the  important  position  it  holds." 

"It  is  certainly  very  beautiful,"  said  Jonathan,  looking 
round  admiringly. 

"  In  the  elaboration  of  details  and  purity  of  execution,  the 
architect  has  elicited  imiversal  admiration.    On  the  Esplanade, 


64  MUSIC    i:f    THE    PARIC. 

just  beneath  u?,  is  a  most  beautiful  fountain,  the  chief  flgttre 
of  which  is  Pe.ice,  bearing  the  olive  branch,  designed  and 
modeled  by  Miss  Emma  Stebbins." 

"  It  is  like  fairy-land  !  "  was  all  that  Jonathan  said,  giving  a 
sigh  of  pleasure. 

"On  the  left  of  the  Mall,  near  the  Terrace,  is  the  Musio 
Hall.  Every  Saturday  afternoon  during  the  summer,  weather 
permitting,  mus'^t  entertainments  are  given.  On  such  occa- 
sions the  Park  is  crowded  ;  indeed,  so  much  so,  that  the  Com- 
missionerg  are  at  a  loss  how  to  provide  ?eats,  or  even  standing 
room  within  convenient  distances  for  hearing,  and  have  in  con- 
templation the  establishment  of  another  band  at  some  other 
locality  of  the  park." 

*'  Music  hath  charms,  indeed,"  said  Jonathan. 

"The  programmes  are  varied,  and  interspersed  with  national 
airs  from  the  music  of  other  countries,  that  the  stranger  who 
may  be  present,  catching  the  sound  of  a  familiar  air,  may  feel 
that  in  this  city  he  finds  a  welcome." 

''Nothing  left  undone  that  can  contribute  to  the  comfort 
and  happiness  of  anybody.  Look,  look  at  that  little  bird 
perclied  on  the  rim  of  that  basin,  and  drinking.'' 

"It  is  a  sparrow.  Fourteen  of  them  were  brought  from 
Europe,  in  1863  ;  they  were  let  loose  in  the  park,  and  have 
largely  increased  in  numbers.  They  are  very  tame,  and  are 
much  valued  for  their  capacity  for  consuming  worms  and  in- 
sects." 

Having  previously  told  the  driver  of  the  carriage  to  meet  us 
on  the  drive,  west  of  the  terrace,  there  was  no  occasion  for 
ns  to  retrace  our  steps ;  so,  once  more  getting  in,  I  told  him  to 
carry  us  to  the  grand  Croton  Reservoir. 

"This,"  said  I,  as  soon  as  we  arrived  at  the  reservoir,  "is 
York  Hill." 

"  What  a  body  of  water !"  exclaimed  Jonathan. 

"It  is  immense  ;  but  not  too  large  for  the  requirements  of 
New  Yorlcers.  The  water  surface  is  about  ninety-six  acres  ; 
the  depth  of  water,  when  full,  about  thirty-eight  feet,  and  its 
capacity  more  than  a  billion  ot  New  York  gallons.'' 

,"  You  surprise  me.'' 


THE    CliOTON    KfiSSRVOIR  65 

"  The  gate-houses,"  I  contmued,  "one  of  which  is  on  the 
north,  the  other  on  the  south  side,  cost  nearly  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  and  the  masonry  of  the  reservoir  nearly  £ix 
hundred  thousand  dollars." 

"  Almost  incredible  !"   was  all  that  Jonathan  could  say. 

"  Two  miles  from  here,  on  Murray  Hill,  is  the  distributing 
reservoir,  its  capacity  being  a  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  gal- 
Ions.  It  is  built  in  the  Egyptian  style  of  architecture,  and  cost 
nearly  fourteen  millions  of  dollars  in  building.'  On  the  walls  is 
a  promenade,  much  frequented  by  New  Yorkers.'' 

"  What  a  number  of  fish  !"  ejaculated  Jonathan.  "  Do  they 
allow  any  one  to  angle  here  ?"' 

"Oh,  no.  The  fish  are  guarded  very  carefully,  as  they  are 
found  to  be  very  useful  in  devouring  the  animalculi,  thus  keep- 
ing the  water  pure." 

Leaving  the  reservoir,  we  proceeded  to  the  hill  situated  on 
the  south  side,  from  which  an  excellent  view  can  be  obtained 
of  the  whole  Park. 

'*  This  walk,"  said  I  to  Jonathan,  "  upon  which  we  are  now 
standing,  is  tunneled  for  a  transverse  road,  four  of  which  roads 
cross  the  Park,  at  the  following  places,  viz.  :  at  Sixty-fifth, 
Seventy-ninth,  Eighty-fifth,  and  Ninety-seventh  streets." 

"  What  are  the  objects  of  these  roads  ?" 

"  When  the  Park  was  first  contemplated,  it  was  at  once  seen 
that  to  cause  business  vehicles,  that  wished  to  go  from  either 
side  to  the  centre  of  the  other,  make  the  whole  circuit  of  the 
Park,  would  be  a  waste  of  time,  and  a  great  obstruction  to 
business.  To  allow  them  to  go  through  the  Park  itself  would 
never  do  :  if  they  were  allowed  to,  they  would  be  extremely 
detrimental  to  the  pleasure-seekers  in  their  walks,  rides  and 
drives.  So  these  four  roads  were  constructed,  and  are  found  to 
answer,  excellently  well,  the  purposes  for  which  they  were  in- 
tended. ' ' 

"The  trees  are  very  young,''  said  Jonathan,  in  a  tone  of 
voice  that  was  meant  to  be  disparaging 

"  They  are,''  I  replied  ;  but  every  year  will  help  to  rectify 
that.  You  must  remember  that  I  told  you,  only  eight  years 
ago  the  ground  on  which  the  Park  is  now  situated,  was  a  bleak 
and  barren  spot,  almost  destitute  of  vegetation." 


66  militae-V  breastwork. 

"  True  ;  so  you  cUd." 

"Experience  has  shown/*  I  went  on,  "that  it  is  not,  as  a 
general  rule,  economical  to  plant  trees  of  a  very  large  size  ; 
those  of  less  size,  carefully  transplanted,  and  well  cared  for, 
beinj5  much  less  likely  to  fail  in  the  process,  and  generally 
making  far  better  trees." 

"That's  true.'' 

"  There  are  frequent  instances  of  Ihe  successful  transplanta- 
tion of  quite  large  trees,  but  the  increased  expense,  and  the 
great  liability  to  die  out,  in  from  one  tg  four  years  after  their 
removal,  point  to  the  economy  in  time  and  money,  in  the  ulti- 
mate perfectness  of  the  trees,  to  the  superiority  of  the  practice 
of  removing  trees  of  the  usual  nursery  sizes. 

"  I  have  found  that  out,  in  my  orchard  at  home.'' 

**  In  the  first  years  of  the  Park  there  was-  great  impatience 
expressed  by  the  public  for  the  immediate  planting  of  large 
trees  ;  but  with  the  growth  of  the  earlier  planted  trees,  this  de- 
sire has  yielded  to  a  recognition  of  the  necessity  of  time  to  pro- 
duce trees  of  luxuriance  of  growth,  and  perfection  of  form." 

"  Is  the  whole  of  the  Park  inclosed  by  a  wall  like  that?" 
asked  Jonathan,  pointing  to  it. 

"  Xot  yet ;  but  it  is  rapidly  being  pushed  forward  toward 
completion.  When  finished,  exclusive  of  gateways,  and  of 
such  portions  as  will,  at  present,  from  the  precipitousness  o^ 
the  rock,  require  no  enclosure,  the  total  length  of  the  wall  will 
be  29,025  feet,  or  about  seven  miles.'' 

Once  more  accepting  the  help  of  the  carriage,  we  were 
iriven  to  the  Great  Hill,  situated  on  the  north-west  corner  of 
the  Park.    . 

"  Here,"  said  I,  "on  the  brow  of  these  broken  and  precipi- 
tous hills,  may  still  be  seen  the  remains  of  military  fortifica- 
tions, consisting  of  breastworks  of  earth,  about  three  feet  in 
height." 

"  When  do  you  think  these  breastworks  were  erected  ?"  in- 
quired Jonathan,  deeply  interested. 

"They,  no  doubt,  formed  a  part  of  a  chain  of  fortifications 
of  the  war  of  1812,  that  extended  from  the  Harlem  to  the 
Hudson  river,  passing  across  the  Park,  to  a  point  a  little  west 


THE    MENAGEKIE.  67 

of  what  i^  now  the  Eighth,  avenue,  and  extending  along  the 
rocky  eminence  ou  the  west  of  the  plains,  to  Manhattanville. 
The  stone  structure,  still  standing  on  this  rocky  bluff,  formed 
a  portion  of  the  line.'' 

"  How  very  interesting !" 

"  On  the  northern  si<le  of  this  hill,  about  two  feet  below  the 
surface,  the  remains  of  a  military  encampment  were  found. 
Ihe  ground,  in  spaces  of  about  eight  feet  square,  was  com- 
pactly trodden,  and  in  a  corner  of  each  space  was  a  recess, 
rudely  built  of  stone,  for  a  fire-place,  with  straps  of  iron,  that 
seemed  to  have  been  used  in  cooking.  Shot  and  bayonets 
were  also  fuunU  in  the  vicinity." 

'•  And  were  these  some  of  the  relics  of  1812,  too  ?" 

"  There  is  sufiicient  known  of  the  history  of  this  property,  to 
warrant  the  belief,  that  it  was  pass»^d  over,  and  perhaps  occu- 
pied during  the  year  177G,  by  the  British  and  Hessian  troops, 
shortly  after  their  landing  on  the  islaml,  and  that  it  was  oc- 
cupied in  the  w.ir  of  1812  by  the  American  soldiers." 

"Quite  historical  ground,  I  declare.'' 

"The  relics  alluded  to,  in  all  probability,  belonged  to  tho 
latter  period.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Commissioners  to 
preserve,  .as  far  a?  practicaljle,  the  remains  of  these  works,  that 
so  much  enhance  the  interest  of  this  section  of  the  Park.'' 

"And  very  right,  too,  for  every  year  will  add  to  their  in- 
terest.'' 

"Let  us  retrace  our  steps,''  I  said,  "and  pay  a  visit  to  the 
menagerie  " 

"Is  there  a  collection  of  animals  here?''  asked  Jonathan, 
surprised. 

"Oh,  yes;  it  is  situated  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Mall. 
The  collection,  thougli  not  large,  is  excessively  interes'-iag,  and 
well  worth  looking  at.  It  is  increasing,  however,  very  rapidly, 
by  gifts  from  those  interested  in  the  bubjec!,  both  at  home  and 
abroad.'' 

-  Afcer  looking  at  the  animals,  we  proceeded  to  the  west 
side  of  the  ]\Iall  ;  there  I  showed  Jonathan  the  oak  and 
elm  trees  that  were  planted  by  the  Prince  of  Waleg,  ou^ hia 
visit  to  tlila  country,  in  1860. 


68  I>TCrvEASIi\G    THE    ATTRACTION". 

Thence  we  went  to  the  play-ground,  situated  at  the  south- 
west portion  of  the  Park,  which  is  used  by  our  citizens,  both 
children  and  adults,  as  a  cricket  and  base-ball  ground.  It  is 
the  object  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Park,  to  encourage  the 
more  organized  and  active  exercises,  sports  and  amusements  ; 
to  this  end,  the  ground  is  well  kept  and  cared  for  by  the  keep- 
ers, and  every  facility  and  protection  is  given  to  the  players. 

During  the  past  year,  nearly  seven  millions  of  persons  visited 
the  Park,  and  out  of  that  immense  number,  only  a  few  over  a 
hundred  were  arrested,  and  those  for  minor  transgressions, 
committed  generally  through  thoughtlessness,  and  a  want  o€ 
familiarity  with  the  rules  of  the  Park.  Thus  showing  a  gene- 
ral disposition  prevailing  among  those  who  resort  to  the  Park, 
to  conform  to  the  prescribed  regulations. 

The  number  of  equestrians  and  vehicles  entering  the  Park, 
is  the  largest  between  4  and  5  p.m.  During  three  months  of  the 
year,  viz.  :  June,  July  and  August,  the  greatest  number  enter 
at  a  later  hour. 

Yearly  the  attractions  of  this  pleasant  ground  are  increasing. 
The  foliage  becoming  dense  with  the  lapse  of  time,  constantly 
presents  new  and  more  striking  effects.  The  planting  has 
been  done,  in  areas  as  the  ground  was  prepared ;  upon  some 
portions,  consequently,  the  growth  gives  evidence  of  more 
maturity  than  upon  others.  Already,  in  some  parts  of  the  Park, 
there  is  sufficient  development  to  readily  lead  the  imaginatiou 
to  realize,  in  some  measure,  beauties  which  the  hand  of  nature 
will  perfect  in  her  own  good  time. 

It  is  from  the  fields  and  the  flowers,  the  festooning  of  the 
climbing  vine,  the  many-shaped  and  many-colored  drapery  of 
the  forest,  and  from  the  green  carpeting  of  the  lawn,  that  the 
most  refined  gratifications  are  derived.  These,  to  the  lover  of 
nature,  are  always  sources  of  pure  enjoyment,  and,  in  their 
perfect  development,  afford  pleasure  to  vast  numbers,  in  modes 
to  which  it  will  be  difficult  to  take  exception. 

If  other  countries  excel  in  the  magnitude  of  the  products  of 
the  animal  kingdom,  by  general  assent,  natxiraiists  accord  to 
our  own  continent  marked  superiority  of  vegetable  life.  Its 
trees  are  peculiarly  numerous  and  majestic,  its  fields  luxuriant 


SKATING    IMO   MATRmONY.  69 

aad  prolific,  its  tiowets  brilliant  and  varied.  So  far  as  is  con- 
sistent with  the  convenient  use  of  the  grounds,  vegetation 
holds  the  Ihst  place  of  distinction  ;  it  is  the  work  of  nature, 
invulnerable  to  criticism,  accepted  by  all,  as  well  by  the  igno- 
rant as  the  cultivated,  and  affords  a  limitless  field  for  interest- 
ing observation  and  instruction. 

Thus  did  I  hold  forth  to  Griggs,  as  we  were  whirled  rapidly 
homev\'ard.  Turning  to  ask  him  if  he  did  not  agree  with  me, 
I  found  ho  VfAd  fast  asleep. 

"  Jonathan,''  I  cried,  shaking  him,  "wake  up.  Here  have  I 
been  talking  to  you  for  the  last  twenty  minutes,  and  I  might 
just  as  well  have  talked  to  the  wind." 

"Excuse  me,  John  ;  but  the  fact  is,  I'm  very  tired,  and  fell 
asles'p  before  I  was  aware  of  it.  Pray  go  on  with  what  you 
were  saying." 

*•  I  was  about  to  tell  you,  Jonathan,  of  the  appearance  of  the 
Park  in  winter,  but  as  you  are  tired,  I  will  defer  it  till  some 
future  time.' ' 

"  I  beg  of  you  not  to  ;  do  go  on  ;  I  promise  not  to  become 
somnolent  again." 

"During  the  winter,"  I  commenced,  "  when  the  condition 
of  the  lake  will  permit,  skating  is  the  favorite  pastime  of  those 
who  visit  the  Park.  Often  twenty  or  thirty  thousand  people 
enjoying  this  healthy  recreation  at  the  same  time." 

Jonathan  here  made  a  sort  of  guttural  sound,  that  I  thought 
was  one  of  approval. 

"Ladies,  too,  are  great  skaters.  There  is  not  a  prettier 
sight  in  the  wide  world  than  seeing  a  young  and  pretty  girl 
upon  skates.  The  grace  she  exhibits  is  bewildering  ;  many  a 
young  fellow  has  lost  his  heart,  and  skated  himself  into  matri- 
mony, on  the  Central  Park  pond." 

At  this  juncture,  the  carriage  stopped  at  my  door.  Alight- 
ing, I  look  round  for  Jonathan  ;  finding  he  did  not  follow,  I 
returned  to  see  the  cause,  and  discovered  he  was  fast  asleep  again. 

"The  Central  Park,"  said  Jonathan,  when  I  had  aroused 
him,  "  is  a  very  beautiful  place,  but  it  is  somewhat  tiring  to 
endeavor  to  view  it  all  in  one  day." 

So  saying,  he  retired  to  hia  own  room,  and  I  did  not  see  him 
{ot  several  hours. 


(fi) 


WALK    THE    THIRD. 

PUBliIC    AMD    BENEVOLENT   INSTITU- 
TIONS. 

This,  the  third  day  of  Jonathaa's  visit,  we  were  up  by  times, 
and  started  at  an  early  hour  on  our  tour  of  inspection.  My 
fiieud  Griggs  was  anxious  to  see  the  Halls  of  Justice,  or,  as 
they  are  more  familiarly  termed,  on  account  of  their  gloomy 
and  doleful  aspect,  "The  Tombs." 

"  The  Tombs' '  is  a  large  and  spacious  building,  or  rather, 
series  of  buildings,  situated  on  Centre  street,  occupying  the 
whole  block,  and  running  through  to  Elm  street,  both  on  the 
Franklin  and  Leonard  streets  sides.  It  is  built  in  the  Egyptian 
style,  and  the  melancholy  aspect  of  the  building  makes  one 
^ive  an  involuntary  shiver  as  he  passes. 

Having  obtained  the  necessary  permit,  procurable  at  No.  1 
Bond  street,  we  presented  it  to  Mr.  James  E.  Coulter,  the 
warden,  who  at  once  proceeded  to  ehow  us  the  prison. 

From  him  we  learned  that  there  are  three  other  city  prisons, 
besides  "  The  Tombs,"  viz.  :  Essex  Market,  Jefferson  Market, 
and  Fifty-seventh  street  prison.  All  prisoners  committed  for 
trial  by  the  criminal  courts  are  sent  to  the  * '  Tombs' '  for  safe 
keeping.  During  the  past  year,  the  total  number  of  prisoners 
committed  to  the  city  prisons  was  thirty-nine  thousand  six 
hundred  and  sixteen,  being  an  increase  over  the  previous  year, 
of  eight  thousand  three  hundred  and  eighty-three. 

Leading  the  way  to  the  male  department  of  the  prison,  on 
the  first  tier  of  which  are  the  cells,  eleven  in  number,  where 
prisoners  condemned  to  the  State  Prison,  or  under  sentence  of 
death,  are  confined.  Also,  on  this  tier,  are  six  more  cells  for 
the  accommodation  of  prisoners  convicted  of  minor  offences  ; 
likewise  six  cells  used  for  hospital  purposes.  On  the  second 
and  third  tiers  are  sixty  more  cells,  for  prisoners  charged  with 
felony — making,  in  »ll,eighty-fiye  cells  in  the  male  department. 


THE    CUSTOII    HOUSE. 


n 


For  the  confinement  of  female  prisoners,  there  are  twenty- 
two  cells  ;  eleven  of  which  are  used  for  those  accused  of  grave 
offences,  the  remainder  for  women  committed  for  intoxication 
and  disorderly  conduct. 

Thus  it  will  he  seen,  there  are  one  hundred  and  seven  cells 
in  the  "Tombs,''  but  this  number  is  found  inadequate  to  the 
proper  care  and  reception  of  all  the  prisoners  confined  therein. 
Many  have  to  be  confined  in  the  game  cell,  and  the  evils  aris- 
ing from  so  doing  cannot-be  over-estimated.  So,  it  is  in  con- 
templation to  enlarge  the  present,  or  build  a  new  prison. 

The  average  cost  of  keeping  a  prisoner  in  food,  clothing  and 
bedding,  is  a  fraction  over  thirty  cents  per  day. 

We  were  also  shown  the  court-yaid,  in  which  criminals  suffer 
the  extreme  penalty  of  the  law.  Jonathan  looked,  with  a 
strange  fascination,  upon  the  material  used  in  the  construction 
of  the  gallows,  and  gazed,  with  a  sort  of  inquisitive  awe,  upon 
all  the  paraphernalia  appertaining  thereto. 

Jonathan,  contrary  to  his  usual  custom,  had  hardly  spoken  a 
word,  and  when  we  were  once  more  fairly  in  the  street,  he  gave 
a  little  sigh  of  relief,  as  if  pleased  at  being  once  again  outside 
of  four  such  sombre-looking  walls. 

Our  next  visit  was  to  the  Custom  House,  through  which  the 
majority  of  the  imports  and  exports  of  the  country  pass.  It  is 
located  on  Wall  street,  on  the  corner  of  William,  and  extends 
through  to  Exchange  Place.  It  was  formerly  known  as  the 
Merchants'  Exchange,  and  cost  in  building,  including  the 
ground  on  which  it  stands,  nearly  two  millions  of  dollars.  To 
the  original  stockholders  it  was  not  a  successful  undertaking— 
they  losing  every  cent  they  had  invested— a  mortgage  was 
upon  it,  and  that  was  foreclosed  by  the  Messrs.  Barings,  of 
London.  Some  few  years  ago  it  was  purchased  by  the  Govern- 
ment for  the  purpose  which  it  is  now  used.  The  rotunda  is 
well  worthy  of  inspection,  and  gives  at  once  a  correct  impres- 
sion of  the  vastness  of  the  interior  of  this  building  :  it  is  capa- 
ble of  containing  three  thousand  persons.  It  is  built  of  blue 
Quincy  granite  ;  is  200  feet  in.  length,  171  feet  in  width,  and 
the  extreme  elevation  12i  feet. 

I  am  not  sure,  but  I  am  inclined  to  think,  Jonathan  was  un- 


*12  THE    POST    OFFICE. 

der  the  impression  he  ^yould  see  bulls  and  bears,  and  lame 
ducks  on  Wall  street,  for  he  peered  about  most  curiously,  and 
finally  asked  me  where  those  animals  could  be  seen. 

Laughingly,  I  explained  the  terms  to  him  He  looked  some- 
what sheepish,  and  told  me  he  had  only  asked  me  for  a  joke- 
he  knew  all  the  while  they  were  men. 

I  pretended  to  believe  him  ;  but  I  still  have  my  doubt^\ 

The  splendid  building  of  white  marble,  constructed  in  the 
Doric  order  of  architecture,  at  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau 
streets,  is  the  United  States  Sub  Treasury  and  Assay  Office. 
It  is  200  feet  long;  80  feet  wide,  and  80  feet  high.  At  the  en- 
trances on  Wall  and  Pine  streets,  are  handsome  porticos,  with 
eight  columns,  purely  Grecian.  Each  column  is  5  feefr  8 
inches  in  diameter,  and  32  feet  high.  Formerly  ifc  was  occupied 
as  the  Custom  House,  but  not  being  large  enough  for  the  proper 
transaction  of  its  buei;:e»ss,  it  was  removed,  as  has  just  been 
mentioned,  to  the  old  Merchants'  Exchange. 

Leaving  Wall  street,  we  passed  up  Nassau  street,  and,  stop- 
ping opposite  the  Post  Office,  betv/een  Cedar  and  Liberty 
Etreets,  I  pointed  out  the  little  wooden  steeple,  on  the  top  of  the 
brdlding,  I  said : 

^'  In  that  steeple  Benjamin  Franklin  many  a  time  has  prac- 
tised his  experiments  m  electricity." 

"  How  very  interesting  !''  Jonathan's  note-book  was  out  in 
an  instant,  and  he  jotted  down  the  historical  fact. 

"  It  was  formerly  the  Middle  Dutch  Church,  and  when  this 
city  was  occupied  "by  the  British,  was  put  to  military  uses  by 
them,  and  received  much  dajnage.  Afterwards  it  was  repaire<i, 
and  used  for  divine  worship  ;  subsequently  it  was  purchased  by 
the  Government,  and  put  to  its  present  uses.'' 

"  It  is  not  so  large  a  building  as  I  expected  to  see  for  a  post 
office  in  the  Empire  City.'' 

•"'No;  such  an  edifice  Is  a  disgrace  to  the  principal  city  of 
the  Western  World.  Everything  ft  done,  that  space  will  per- 
mit, to  facilitate  the  transaction  of  business,  but  the  medns 
are  totally  inadequate,  and  how  the  clerks  manage  to  get 
through  their  multifarious  duties,  so  cramped  for  room,  is  a 
mystery." 


THE    CITY    ARSENAL.  tS 

"  Why  don't  the  Government  build  a  new  one  ?" 

*'  It  has  been  talked  of  for  the  last  ten  or  twelve  years  ;  but 
nothing  definite  has  been  done.  Some  thought  the  present 
good  enough  ;  others  wanted  it  removed  further  up  town, 
while  many  thought  if  it  were  removed  a  step  from  its  present 
Bite,  the  commercial  interests  of  the  city  would  be  at  stake." 

**I  should  have  thought  they  would  have  been  enabled  to 
have  settled  the  matter  in  ten  or  twelve  years.'' 

"  One  would  think  so.  But  the  Government  are,  apparently, 
acquainted  with  the  fable  of  the  old  man  and  his  ass,  and 
know  that  striving  to  please  everybody,  you  will  please  no- 
body, so  have  done  nothing." 

"If  I  had  a.  say  in  the  matter/'  said  Jonathan,  "I  would 
quickly  have  one  built ;  for,  in  a  city  noted  for  such  magnifi- 
cent stores  and  public  buildings,  it  is  a  shame  for  the  Govern- 
ment to  have  such  a  mean  and  ugly-looking  structure  for  a 
post  ofSce,  which  I  presume  is  visited  more  by  strangers  than 
any  other  building  in  the  city.'' 

"You  are  right.  If  you,  as  a  stranger,  notice  it,  what  an 
eyesore  it  must  be  to  those  who  are  resident,  and  have  to  visit 
it  daily." 

Jonathan  wished  to  purchase  some  postage  stamps,  and  was 
crossing  the  street  for  that  purpose,  when  I  stopped  him,  with 
the  information,  that  time  v/as  money.  And,  if  he  had  any 
regard  for  that  axiom,  it  would  be  better  for  him  to  procure 
them  at  one  of  the  stations  up  town. 

"  Here,  in  Nassau  street,  and  vicinity,  are  the  various  news- 
paper offices,  which  I  intend  shov/ing  you — but  not  to-day. 
An  especial  pilgrimage  must  be  paid  to  them." 

''  Whatever  you  say,  John,  I  am  entirely  in  your  hands,  and 
during  my  stay,  you  are  my  counsellor  and  guide. 

On  the  corner  of  Elm  and  White  streets  is  the  lower  City 
Arsenal  ;  it  is  very  strongly  built,  and  is  so  constructed,  that 
a  company,  of  not  more  than  fifty  men,  could  protect  it  from 
the  assault  of  any  number.  The  upper  floors  are  used  as  drill- 
rooms  for  a  portion  of  the  New  York  State  Militia  ;  the  lower 
floor  contains  the  artillery  of  the  First  Division.  This  and  the 
new  ars^al,  at  the  junction  of  Thirty-tifth  street  and  Seventh 


74  THE  FIVE   POINTS. 

avenue,  are  connected  by  telegraph,  so  that  in  case  of  a  riot 
uninterrupted  communications  coulJ  be  had  between  the  two 
buildings. 

"  Now,''  said  I  to  Jonathan,  **  we  will  pay  a  visit  to  the 
'Five  Points.'  '' 

"  The  '  Five  Points  !'  I  have  heard  of  that  before  ;  are  you 
going  alone  ?'' 

**  Going  alone  !     No  ;  I  want  you  to  accompany  me." 

"  Yes,  yes,  of  course.  But  I  mean  are  you  not  going  to  ob- 
tain the  company  of  a  policeman  for  our  protection  ?" 

"  Dear  me,  no.  '  Five  Points '  is  not  what  it  used  to  be  in 
your  day.  Now  a  person  can  visit  there  without  fear  of  moles- 
tation ;  fights  and  broils  arc  the  exception —not  the  rule.  Not 
that  I  mean  to  say  it  is  the  quietest  and  most  peaceable  portion 
of  New  York,  but  it  is  a  little  elysium,  compared  to  what  it 
was  some  fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago." 

"  What  has  wrought  this  change  ?'' 

"That  building  !''  and  I  pointed  to  the  House  of  Industry, 
near  Centre  and  Pearl  streets. 

"Bat  how?'' 

"  Listen,  and  I  will  tell  you.  In  the  year  1851,  the  Pvev.  L. 
M.  Pease  first  established  this  institution.  It  was  brought 
about  by  his  witnessing  the  suffering  of  children,  and  the  crime 
engendered  by  their  being  allowed  to  wander  about  the  streets. 
So,  with  the  assistance  of  a  number  of  gentlemen,  he  estab- 
lished the  House  of  industry,  and  with  the  most  beneficial  re- 
sults. Chilh'ea  are  taught  to  read  and  write,  and  if,  by  di- 
ligence and  good  condact,  they  are  found  sufficiently  worthy, 
homes  and  situations  are  found  for  them  out  West,  or  in  the 
country  ;  anywhere,  in  f.ict,  out  of  the  city,  so  as  to  wean  them 
from  old  associates.  Thus,  an  honest  start  in  life  is  given 
them,  and  Vj  is  their  own  fault  if  they  do  not  make  good  and 
respected  members  of  society. ' ' 

'•  A  most  philanthrophic  and  excellent  plan,'' 

"  It,''  I  continued,  *'  is  a  receptacle  for  all  who  have  nowhere 
else  to  go.  Tno  orphan,  the  deserted,  the  children  of  parents 
soparat-ed  by  convictions  for  crime,  the  offspring  of  those  totally 
unable  to  support  their  children — ail  here  find  a  home  until 


THE    ASTOR   LIBRARY.  15 

they  can  be  properly  placed  and  cared  for.  They  are  cleansed, 
clothed,  fed,  taught,  and  furuibhed  with  labor  as  early  us  prac- 
ticable.'' 

"  Are  men  and  women  also  assisted  ?" 

*'  Yes  ;  so  far  as  it  can  be  done,  without  encouraging  a  de 
pendence  upon  charity,  and  efforts  are  made  to  reform  and  pro- 
cure labor  for  sach  as  are  willing  to  work.  Since  its  founda- 
tion, nearly  a  thousand  women  have  been  sent  to  situatiojis  in 
different  parts  of  the  country.  In  short,  this  institution  stands 
between  wretchedness  and  crime,  with  open  gates  for  all  " 

Jumping  into  a  Fourth  avenue  car,  we  rode  to  Astor  Place  ; 
thence  walked  to  Lafayette  Place,  on  which  is  situated  the  far- 
famed  Astor  Library.  It  is  a  grand  edifice,  built  in  the  Ro- 
manesque style,  and  is  constructed  of  brick,  ornamented  with 
brown  stone.  But  the  crowning  glory  is  the  interior,  not  in 
point  of  architecture— though  that  is  beautiful  enough— but  in 
the  long  lines  of  stately  and  goodij  books  that  that  are  ranged 
on  shelves  in  the  different  alcoves  of  the  building. 

In  this  library  there  are  already  over  one  hundred  thou.-aud 
volumes,  and  additions  are  constantly  being  made  by  the 
learned  librarian.  Here  may  be  seen  the  pale  student,  poring 
over  some  well-worn  tome,  that  to  the  scholar  is  worth  its 
weight  in  gold  ;  or,  the  man  of  leisure,  who  has  just  dropped 
in  to  wile  away  an  hour  ;  or,  the  young  lady  who  wishes  to 
re-peruse  once  more  her  favorite  novel.  All,  all  are  repre- 
sented ;  but  quietness  reigns  supreme,  and  each  man,  as  he  en-' 
ters,  doffs  his  hat,  out  of  respect  to  the  dead  and  living  authors 
that  surround  him. 

It  is  free  to  all,  and  will  stand  as  an  everlasting  monument 
to  its  founder,  John  Jacob  Astor,  who  endowed  it  with  the  sum 
of  $400,000. 

At  the  junction  of  Third  and  Fourth  avenues,  occupying  the 
entire  block  on  both  sides,  and  extending  through  to  Eighth 
street,  stands  the  Cooper  Union,  or,  as  it  is  more  generally 
called,  The  Cooper  Institute.  It  was  built  by  Mr.  Peter 
Cooper,  at  the  cost  of  $300,000,  and  is  devoted  to  the  "  moral, 
intellectual  and  physical  improvement  of  his  countrymen.' 
In  it  are  a  free  reading-ro  -ni,  supplied  with  foreign  and  do 


t6  NEW  YORK    UNlVERSltYi 

mestic  newspapers  and  magazines,  a  gallery  of  paintings  and 
sculpture,  and  a  school  of  design.  The  basement  is  fitted  up 
as  a  lecture-room— the  largest  in  the  city— used  chiefly  for 
political  meetings,  but  occasionally  for  lectures,  concerts,  and 
other  entertainments  of  a  Idndred  character. 

The  whole  is  under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Directors,  Avho 
let  out  the  first  and  second  stories,  which  are  arranged  for 
stores  and  offices,  so  as  to  meet  the  current  expenses  of  the  In- 
titute.  From  this  source  an  annual  revenue  of  nearly  $30,000 
is  obtained. 

The  American  Institute  is  in  this  building,  the  object  of 
which  society  is  to  promote  and  encourage  new  inventions  in 
science  and  art.  The  annual  fairs  for  that  purpose  are  held 
under  the  auspices  of  this  association.  It  has  also  a  library, 
relating  principally  to  the  inventive  and  mechanical  arts,  and 
which,  as  books  of  reference,  to  inventors  are  invaluable. 

On  Astor  Place,  running  through  to  Eighth  street,  is  the 
Mercantile  Library.  The  building  is  now  called  Clinton  Hall, 
but  was  formerly  the  Astor  Place  Opera  House,  the  scene  of 
the  notorious  Macready  riots.  The  library  contains  nearly 
50,000  volumes,  embracing  nearly  every  department  of  knowl- 
edge. In  the  reading-room  can  be  found  nearly  every  periodi- 
cal published  either  in  this  country  or  Europe.  It  is,  as  the 
name  indicates,  expressly  for  the  use  of  those  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits — either  merchants  or  their  clerks.  The  former 
have  to  pay  an  annual  subscription  of  $5  ;  the  latter,  an  ini- 
tiation fee  of  $1,  and  $2  subscription. 

On  the  east  side  of  Washington  Fquare,  formerly  the  site  of 
a  Potter's  field,  but  now  beautifully  decorated  with  superb 
trees,  shrubs,  grass  plats,  gravel  walks,  and  a  fountain,  is  the 
New  York  University.  The  various  departments  of  learning 
are  governed  by  a  chancellor,  and  a  number  of  professors.  Its 
reputation  as  a  seat  of  learning  stands  high,  and  graduates  are 
celebrated  as  scholars.  It  is  built  in  the  Gothic  style  of  archi- 
tecture, and  was  erected  in  1831.  At  the  usual  hours  on  Sun- 
days, divine  service  is  held  in  the  chapel. 

On  Eighth  street,  extending  through  to  Ninth  street, 
bounded  by  the  Third  and  Fourth  avenues,  and  occupying  three 


4 


THE    BIBLE   ttOU^E.  77 

quarters  of  an  acre  of  ground,  stands  the  Bible  House.  It  ie 
the  property  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  and  cost,  in  build- 
ing about  ii5300,00O. 

The  society  was  organized  in  1816,  and  the  receipts  for  the 
Urst  year  were  $37,779  35  ;  and  6.410  Bibles  were  issuer).  Dur- 
ing the  past  year,  §677,8^  36  were  received,  and  1,530,568 
Bibles  and  Testamecfts  distributed. 

"The  work  oi  distribution  never  ceases.  In  the  cellars  and 
garrets  ot  the'poor,  jn  our  great  cities,  in  the  distant  and  soli- 
tary cabins  of  the  new  Territories,  in  the  mining  regions,  glit- 
tering with  gold  and  reeking  with.wickedness,  on  the  frontiers, 
whefe  savages  have  slaughtered  the  helpless  settlers,  in  the 
lonesome  military  posty  of  the  far  North  west,  among  the  rich 
and  the  poor  in  every  part  of  the  land,  among  emigrants,  upon 
the  ship  and  the  dock,  the  good  work  goes  bravely  forward. 

Hundreds  of  thousandth  of  poverty-stricken  faniijies  and  in- 
dividuals, to-day.  but  for  the  direct  efforts  of  the  society,  would 
not  possess  a  Bible  or  Tes^^ament,  and  not  one  of  hundreds 
of  thousands  more  Ivas  been  refused  because  of  inability  to 
purchase  the  precious  treasure. 

Bibles,  or  portions  of  the  Bible,  have  been  published  in 
twenty-six  different  languages  or  dialtcts.  Editions  of  the  holy 
book  are  sent  to  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa  ;  neither  have  the 
Choctaw,  Ojib,wa,  Cherokee,  Mohawk,  and  other  North  Ameri- 
can Indians  been  forgotten. 

In  the  building  of  the  Bible  House,  the  anTi<'X<'<l  societies 
have  their  offices  :  The  Protestant  Episcopal  Society,  for  the 
Promotion  of  Evangelical  Knowledge  ;  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions ;  the  American  Home 
Missionary  Society;  the  New  York  Coloniztition  Society; 
Society  for  the  Amelioration  of  the  Condition  of  the  Jews  ; 
the  House  of  Kefuge  ;  Children's  Aid  Society  and  Home  of  the 
Friendless. 

In  the  same  building,  on  the  Third  avenue  side,  is  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  where  devotional  services  a^e  held 
on  Wednesday  and  Saturday  evenings.  Strangers  are  cordi  diy 
invited  to  attend. 

At  the  corner  of  Eleventh  street  and  Second  avenue  stands 


T8    •  THE   FREE   ACADEMY. 

the  New  York  Historical  Society,  estaolished  upwards  of  fifty 
years.  It  is  built  of  yellow  !~aadstoue,  and  is  considered  fire- 
proof. 'So  strangers  are  permitted  to  enter,  unless  provided 
with,  tickets  of  admission,  procurable  from  one  of  the  member?. 
The  society  boasts  of  a  library  of  about  20,000  voiumcs  ;  a 
picture  gallery,  and  a  epleudid  collection  of  Kineveh  maiblts 
and  Egyptian  antiquities. 

'She  Free  Academy,  at  the  corner  of  Lexington  avenue  and 
Twenty-third  street,  is  under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation. It  was  established  in  IS-IS,  in  pursuance  of  an  act 
passed  in  1847,  for  the  purpose  of  providing  higher  education 
to  those  pupils  of  the  common  schools  who  wish  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  privilege.  Though  under  the  control  of  the  Board 
of  Education,  an  Executive  Committee  is  appointed  by  that 
body,  and  are  responsible  for  its  proper  care  and  management. 
As  its  name  indicates,  it  is  a  free  institution,  and  the  expenses 
for  instruction,  books,  stationery,  &c.,  are  paid  from  the  State 
appropriation. 

The  full  course  of  study  embraces  a  period  of  five  years  ;  at 
the  end  of  that  time,  the  Board  of  Education  is  authorized,  by 
law,  to  confer  degrees  on  those  scholars  who  have  massed  the 
proper  examination. 

It  is  arranged  for  the  accommodation  of  a  hundred  pupils, 
who,  when  they  graduate,  can  become  what  is  termed  Resident 
Graduates,  and  continue  their  course  of  studies.  The  cost  of 
the  building,  including  ground-rent,  was  nearly  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

The  Kational  Academy  of  Design  occupies  the  whole  of  a  lot, 
situated  at  the  north-west  corner  of  Fourth  avenue  and 
Twenty-third  street,  eighty  feet  wide  on  the  street,  and  ninety- 
ei.qht  feet  nine  inches  long  on  the  avenue.  It  is  three  stories 
high,  besides  the  cellar.  The  lower  story  contains  the  Janitor's 
apartments,  the  floor  of  which  is  raised  one  step  above  the 
sidewalk  occupying  the  whole  end  on  Twenty-third  street,  and 
the  rooms  of  the  School  of  Design,  the  floor  of  which  is  four 
feet  lower  than  that  of  the  Janitor's  rooms  ;  thus  giving  a 
Ciiling  sixteen  feet  higli,  and  which  occupy  three-fourths  of  the 
whole  basement  story.     The  accommodations  for  the  school 


THE  ACADEMY   OF   DESIGIT.  79 

are  ample.  It  occupies  three  studios,  or  alcoves,  on  Fourtli 
avenue,  liijhted  by  large  windows,  and  a  hall  for  casts  and 
models,  the  whole  covering  a  space  of  forty-seven  by  sixty- 
eigl.t  feet.  The  Life-School  occupies  a  hall,  in  the  north  side 
of  the  building,  twenty-seven  by  fifty-four  feet,  and  paitially 
lighted  from  a  court-yard.  "The  entrance  to  all  the  rooms  ou 
this  story  is  by  a  door  in  the  southern  end  of  the  Fourth 
avenue  side. 

The  principal  story  is  reached  by  a  double  flight  of  steps,  on 
the  Twenty-third  street  end,  and  is  entered  by  a  large  door- 
way, from  which  a  hall,  eighteen  feet  wide,  runs  nearly  the 
whole  length  of  the  building.  The  whole  Fourth  avenue  side 
is  occupied  by  a  suite  of  four  rooms ;  the  most  southerly  is 
the  Reception  room,  twenty-two  by  twenty-six  feet ;  the  next 
two,  each  the  same  size  as  the  reception  room,  are  for  the  Li- 
brary. The  m  jst  northerly  is  the  Council  Koom,  which  is 
twenty-two  by  forty  five  feet.  To  the  west  of  the  Central  Hall 
are  ladies'  and  gentlemen's  dressing-rooms,  and  a  Lecture  room, 
which  is  immediately  above,  and  the  same  size  as  the  Life 
School  room,  in  the  story  below. 

On  the  upper  story  are  the  Exhibition  Galleries.  In  the 
centre  is  a  hall  thirty- four  by  forty  feet,  divided  by  a  double 
arcade,  supported  on  columns  of  polished  marble.  In  this  hall 
are  hung  the  works  of  Art  belonging  to  the  National  Academy. 
Around  this  are  the  Galleries,  all  opening  out  of  it ;  one  thirty 
by  seventy-six  feet  ;  one  twenty-two  by  forty-six ;  one  twenty 
by  forty  ;  one  twenty  by  thirty — all  lighted  by  sky-lights ; 
also  a  gallery  for  Sculpture,  twenty-one  feet  square,  lighted 
both  from  the  roof  and  the  side. 

Visitors  to  the  Galleries  enter  at  the  main  entrance,  in  the 
first  stoiy.  On  the  left  of  a  person  bo  entering,  is  the  ticket 
office  ;  on  the  right,  the  umbrella  depository.  Passing  through 
the  vestibule,  the  visitor  enters  the  Great  Hall ;  in  front  are 
'the  stairs  leading  up  to  the  Galleries  above  ;  four  steps,  the 
whole  width  of  the  hall,  lead  to  a  platform,  where  he  gives  up 
his  ticket  and  purchases  his  catalogue  ;  from  this  a  di)uble  flight 
leads  to  another  platform,  from  which  a  single  flight  reaches 
the  level  of  the  Gallery  floor. 


80  ANNUAL   EXHIBITION?. 

These  stairs,  together  with  all  the  doors,  door  and  window 
trimmingS;  mantels,  &c.,  are  of  oak  and  walnut  combined, 
oiled  and  polished.  The  halls  and  vestibules  are  floored  with 
mosaic. 

On  the  exterior,  the  walls  of  the  basement  story  are  ofWcst- 
Chester  County  gray  marble,  with  bands  of  North  River  gray- 
wacke.  The  walls  of  the  first  story  are  of  white  marble,  with 
similar  bands  ;  and  of  the  third  story  of  white  and  gray  marble, 
in  small  oblong  blocks,  forming  a  pattern  of  chequer  Work, 
The  building  is  surmounted  by  a  rich  arcade  cornice  of  white 
marble. 

The  School  of  Design,  in  the  basement,  is  lighted  by  wide 
double  windows,  with  segmental  arches,  each  pair  of  arches  fum- 
ported  in  the  middle  on  a  clustered  column,  with  a  rich  carved 
capital  and  base,  and  resting  oa  ea.ch  side  on  a  carved  corhel. 
All  the  other  windows  in  the  building  have  pointed  arches,  and 
those  of  the  first  story  have  their  arch i volts  decorated  by 
voussoirs  of  alternately  white  and  gray  marble.  There  are 
no  windows  in  the  upper  story  upon  the  street,  but  circulai 
openings  for  ventilation,  filled  with  elaborate  plate  tracery. 
The  principal  entrance  is  very  nigh.  A  broad  archivolt,  eti* 
riched  with  sculpture  and  varied  by  voussoirs,  alternately  white 
and  gray,  springs  from  columns,  two  on  each  side,  of  red  Ver- 
mont marble,  with  white  marble  capitals  and  bases.  The 
double  flight  of  steps  leading  to  this  door,  is  an  important 
feature  of  the  building,  being  entirely  of  marble,  hav  ng  undet 
the  platform,  a  triple  arcade,  inclosing  a  drinking  fountain,  and 
being  richly  decorated  with  sculpture. 

The  style  of  architecture  is  revived  Gothic,  now  the  domi- 
nant style  in  England,  and  combines  those  features  of  the 
difierent  schools  of  architecture  of  the  middle  ages. 

Taken  altogether,  it  is  a  quaint  and  elegant  structure,  and 
was  erected  at  the  cost  of  about  $150,000.  P.  B.  Wright,  Esq  .. 
was  the  architect.  The  annual  exhibitions  of  the  Academy* 
take  place  during  the  months  of  April,  May,  June  and  July,  to 
which  the  public  are  admitted  on  payment  of  a  small  admission 
fee.  In  these  exhibitions  living  artists  are  only  represented, 
and  no  pictures  are  allowed  to  be  shown  that  have  previously 
been  exhibited  in  New  York. 


THE   BLIKD   ASYLt?M«  81 

f- 

During  the  months  of  November  and  December,  annually, 
the  Artists'  Fund  Society  is  held  here,  when  another  exhibition 
of  pictures  takes  place.  The  proceeds  are  devoted  to  the  relief 
of  sick  and  indigent  artists. 

On  Thirtieth  street,  between  Fourth  and  Madison  avenues, 
stands  The  House  of  Industry  and  Home  for  the  Friendless. 
Its  object  is  the  protection  of  deserted  children,  and  adult 
persons  who  need  relief ;  it  is  an  excellent  society,  and  in  one 
year  relieved  and  found  places  for  over  600  persons.  In  its 
interest  is  published  a  paper  called  The  Advocate  and  Guardian, 
issued  semi-monthly,  which  has  a  circulation  of  15,000  copi;  s. 
Some  few  years  ago  the  attention  of  Dr.  J.  D.  Russ  was  called 
to  the  helpless  and  sightless  condition  of  a  number  of  children 
who  were  occupants  of  the  City  Aims-House.  Pained  at  the 
sight,  he  benevolently  determined  to  do  something  for  their 
relief,  and  to  that  end  took  seven  children  from  the  Aims- 
House,  and  instructed  them,  gratuitously,  for  nearly  two  years, 
when  he  obtained  from  the  Legislature  the  passage  of  an  act 
for  their  support. 

In  this  laudable  undertaking  he  was  nobly  and  ably  sup- 
ported by  a  well  known  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
Samuel  Wood  ;  also  by  Dr.  Samuel  Akerly,  well  known  for  his 
well  directed  energy  in  behalf  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 
Finally,  The  Institution  for  the  Blind,  on  Ninth  avenue, 
between  Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fourth  streets,  was  erected. 
It  occupies  thirty-two  lots  of  ground  which  were  presented  by 
James  Boorman,  Esq. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  institutions  in  the  city  to 
visit,  which  can  be  done  isvery  day,  except  Sundays,  between 
the  hours  of  1  and  6  p.m.  The  pupils  are  taught  to  read, 
and  are  instructed  in  several  useful  brancaes  of  trade. 

From  the  Blind. Asylum  to  that  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  is  a 
natural  transition.  It  is  one  of  the  best  conducted  and  best 
endowed  charitable  institutions  in  New  York,  and  is  situated  at 
Fan  wood,  Washington  Heights,  near  One  Hundred  and  Fiftieth 
etreet.  Two  to  three  hundred  pupils  are  constantly  Tx  ing 
instructed  therein  in  reading,  writing  and  the  ordinary  rudi- 
ments of  an  KngliMh  education.     Besides  this,  they  are  taught 


82  ORPHAN   ASYLUM. 

useful  and  various  brancbes  of  industry.  Dr.  Pease  is  the  effi» 
cient  Snpsrintendeht ;  visitors  are  ad:nitted  from  lialf-piist  1 
to  4  p.  M. ,  every  day. 

Among  tlie  many  admirable  institutions  that  New  York  can 
boast,  none  has  done  more  gooil,  or  been  productive  of  more 
beneficial  results  than  the  Magdcden  Female  Asylum,  located 
west  of  the  Harlem  Kailroad,  between  Eig.ty-eighth  and 
liglity-ifinth  streets.  As  its  name  denotes,  ii  is  intended  for 
the  reformation  and  restoration  to  society  of  those  poor  unfoi'- 
tunate  females  who  have  erred  from  the  paths  of  virtiie.  It  is 
well  sustained,  and  by  its  exertions  many  have  been  restored 
to  the  means  of  gaining  an  honest  livelihood. 

At  Bloomingdale,  near  Eightieth  street,  is  The  New  York 
Orphan  Asylum.  From  the  grounds  of  which  institution  a 
beautiful  view  can  be  obtained  of  the  Hudson  and  East  Pavers, 
the  Palisades  and  surrounding  scenery.  It  received  its  first 
charter  in  1807,  and  the  present  building,  100  feet  long  by  60 
feet  wide,  was  erected  in  1840.  About  200  orphans  are  regu- 
larly provided  for  in  this  Asylum. 

There  is  also  another  Orphan  Asylum,  on  One  Hundred  and 
Seventeenth  street,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  avenues.  It 
was  founded  by  two  charitable  personages  whose  name  it  bears, 
viz:  The  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  Asylum  The  grounds  com- 
prise about  twenty-six  acres,  and  are  laid  out  with  much  taste. 

Besides  the  Hospitals,  already  mentioned,  there  are  the 
Jev/'s  Hospital,  located  at  158  West  Twenty-eighth  street ;  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  Fiftieth  street, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Episcopal  churches  of  New  York  ; 
and  the  Children's  Huspital  and  Nursery  on  Fifty-first  street, 
near  Lexington  avenue. 

The  University  Medical  School  is  on  Fourteenth  street,  be- 
tween Irving  Place  and  Third  avenue,  to  wliich  is  attached  a 
most  valuable  and  extensive  museum. 

At  the  corner  of  Twenty-third  street  and  Fourth  avenue  is 
The  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  founded  in  1807.  In 
it  are  an  anatomical  museum,  and  a  small  but  valuable  medical 
library  of  nearly  IGOO  volumes.  These  can  be  visited  by 
making  application  to  the  janitor. 


BELLEVUE    HOSPITAL.  So 

No.  90  East  Thirteenth  street  is  tlie  building  known  fis  The 
New  York  Medic.il  College,  to  which  is  attached  the  College  of 
Pharmacy,  hoth  of  which  are  devoted  to  the  instruction  of 
medical  htudants. 

The  New  York  Medical  Institute  is  at  No.  8  Union  Square, 
and  is  devoted  almost  exclusively  to  the  science  of  electricity. 
As  a  remedial  agent,  electricity  has  heen  little  known,  but 
since  the  establishment  of  this  institute  it  has  been  found  that 
its  vitalizing  eiTects  are  wonderful,  and  that  in  all  pulmonary 
and  renal  comphdnts  it  is  invaluable. 

As  well  us  all  these  hospitals  are  TheNev/  York  Dispensaries, 
established  for  giving  medical  advice  and  medicine  to  that  class 
of  poor  who  are  not  sick  enough,  or,  who  do  not  wish  to  obtain 
admittsnce  into  a  hospital.  The  oldest  one  was  established  in 
1795,  and  is  on  the  corner  of  White  and  Centre  streets  ;  the 
Northern  Dispensary,  on  the  corner  of  Chiistopher  and  Sixth 
streets,  wasiustituted  in  1829,  and  the  Eastern  Di^-pen^ary,  on 
the  corner  of  Ludlow  street  and  Essex  Market  Place,  was 
found-d  in  1834.  It  is  estimated  that  between  five  and  six 
thousand  persons  are  annually  benefitted  at  these  dispensaries. 
In  the  building,  at  the  corner  of  Second  avenue  and  Twenty- 
third  street,  is  The  Demilt  Dispensary,  which,  witli  the  gound, 
was  donated  by  the  late  Miss  Demilt,  at  the  cost  of  $30,000. 

Bellevue  Hospital,  occupying  the  entire  block  on  First 
avenue,  between  Twenty-sixth  and  Twentv-seventh  streets,  is 
under  the  control  of  the  Commissioners  of  Charities  and  Cor- 
rections, and  is  of  inestimable  benefit  to  the  poor  of  New  York. 
It  is  capable  of  holding  one  thousand  beds. 

Under  the  direct  daily  superintendence  of  the  most  distin- 
guished surgeons  and  physicians  of  the  city,  supplied  with  every 
remedy  for  disease,  and  every  comfort,  the  poor  and  friendless 
have  all  the  advantages  in  the  treatment  of  disease  that  the 
mo^•t  affluent  cm  comsnand. 

Whether  tested  by  the  number  of  patients,  by  the  variety  of 

the  forms  of  disease,  or  the  percentage  of  ssuccehsful  operations 

and  cures,  there  is  no  institution  in  Europe  or  in  this  country 

that  excels  Bellevue  Hospital  in  public  usefulness. 

Nor  do  its  benefits  end  here  ;  as  a  school  of  inEtructioa  to 


84  blackwell's  island. 

the  students  of  the  several  medical  colleges,  it  is  of  great  and 
permanent  value,  for  here  can  be  learned,  under  the  tuition  of 
the  most  skillful  physicians  and  surgeons,  the  proper  treatment 
of  disease  in  all  its  forms,  and  the  best  modes  of  performing 
operations. 

On  the  1st  of  April  last,  a  medical  department  for  the  treat- 
ment of  the  Out- Door  Side  Poor  was  established,  and  provision 
made  for  the  treatment  of  cases  of  general  medicine  and 
general  surgery,  and  in  the  specialties  of  diseases  of  the  eye 
and  ear,  of  the  skin,  of  the  nervous  system,  and  diseases  of  the 
chest. 

This  was  done,  as  it  was  found  that  a  large  class  of  patients 
who  sought  admisson  to  the  hospital  might  be  as  advanta- 
geously treated  as  out-door  patients,  and  the  hospital  thus  be 
relieved  from  the  burihen  of  their  maintenance,  and  that  many 
suff  .ring  from  maladies  which  did  not  incapacitate  them  from 
pursuing  their  usual  vocations,  but  who  are  unable  to  pay  for 
the  services  of  skillful  physicians,  or  for  expensive  medicines, 
would  avail  themselves  of  this  mode  of  reief. 

Anuesid  is  a  table  showing  the  number  of  persons  admitted 
in  the  hospital  during  the  year  1865  : 

Number  of  patients  admitted 7,073 

Of  which  died 658 

Discharged  cured 6,801 

Remaining 614 

7,073 

The  daily  cost  of  treating  each  in-door  patient  is  a  trifle  over 
thirty-nine  cents  per  day. 

.  Our  next  vidt.  is  to  Blackwell's  Island,  on  which  are  a  Hos- 
pital, a  Penitentiary,  Aims-Houses,  Work-House,  and  a  Lunatic 
Asylum 

Th  !  Hospital  is  situated  on  the  southerly  end  of  Blackwell's 
Island,  and  holds  1,200  beds.  It  embraces  all  the  improve- 
ments in  heating  and  ventilation,  and  its  general  internal 
ar:angementsare  unsurpassed  by  any  hospital  in  the  United 
States.  During  the  past  year  radical  changes  have  been  made 
In  the  organization  of  the  employees. 


THE    ^EN^rENTIAkY  85 

Previous  to  the  16th  of  May,  1865,  it  was  in  charge  of  the 
warden  of  the  Penitentiary,  and  the  nurses  and  orderlies  were 
Work-House  prisoners.  The  wards  were  filthy,  and  drunken- 
ness and  riot  were  of  frequent  occurrence.  On  the  16th  of 
May,  a  resident  warden  was  appointed,  who  returned  to  the 
work-house  the  prisoners  acting  as  orderlies  and  nurses,  and 
appointed,  at  moderate  wages,  respectable  and  competent 
persons  in  their  stead. 

An  instant  improvement  was  observable,  the  wards  were 
cleaned,  turbulence  and  drunkenness  disappeared,  economy 
and  individual  responsibility  were  introduced,  and  now  the 
hospital  will  compare  favorably  with  any  other  institution  in 
the  world  in  cleanliness,  order,  and  the  attention  and  devotion 
of  its  employees. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  patients  are  afflicted  witii  a  loath- 
some disease,  and  it  is  apprehended  that  with  the  increase  of 
the  population  of  the  city,  this  class  of  patients  will  increase, 
and  that  it  will  be  necessary  either  to  assign  this  hospital,  or 
to  build  one  for  their  exclusive  treatment. 

Subjoined  is  a  statement  of  the  number  of  i)aiients  treated 
during  the  past  year. 

Number  of  patients 9,877 

Died 744 

Cured 8,157 

Eemaining 976 

9,877 
The  average  daily  cost  of  patients  received  i5  this  hospital,  is 
about  twenty-nine  cents. 

Since  the  close  of  the  war,  the  number  of  prisoners  confined 
in  the  Penitentiary  have  greatly  increased.  In  1864,  only  921 
were  confined,  while  in  1865,  the  number  swelled  to  1,670.  It 
is  believed  there  will  be  a  large  increase  this  year. 

'  The  system  of  prison  discipline  is  defective.  Instead  of  re- 
forming persons  convicted  ot  crime,  it  is  admitted,  that  the 
present  discipline,  by  its  narsh  and  imdiscriminating  character, 
confirms  the  prisoner  m  his  criminal  pursuits,  and,  on  his  dis- 
charge from  prison,  he  is  prepared  for  the  commission  of  graver 
crimes  than  when  he  entered. 


8©  THE  ALMS   HOUSES. 

At  several  of  the  European  prisons  there  has  been  a  radical 
change  in  the  system  cf  prison  discipline,  and  the  chaiige  seema 
to  have  been  followed  by  the  hap,  itst  results  A  large  portion 
of  the  convicts,  under  tlie  influence  of  the  new  system  of  dis- 
crimination, have,  it  is  alleged,  been  entirely  reformed,  and 
have  become  orderly  citizens. 

Tl^  experiment  of  the  new  system,  however,  has  been  too 
recent  to  warrant  its  general  introduction  into  the  prisons  of 
the  State  ;  yet,  the  evidences  of  improvement  are  sufficiently 
authentic  to  justify  the  trial  to  a  limited  extent. 

In  the  Alms  Houses,  ou  Bhickwell's  Island,  on  the  1st  of 
January,  1865,  were  1,497  persons,  and  there  were  received 
during  the  year,  3,590  mure  persons,  making  a  total  of  5,087 
persons.  Of  these,  2,682  were  dischaiged,  823  died,  and 
1,582  remain. 

Among  the  most  difficult  problems  of  social  science,  is  the 
proper  mode  and  measure  of  relief  for  the  poor  and  friendless. 
The  indiscriminate  aid  through  public  officers,  to  all  persons 
in  want,  is  sure  to  encourage  idleness  and  beggary,  while  the 
total  withdrawal  of  support  would  increase  the  mass  of  wretch- 
edness and  crime.  There  can  be  no  doubt,  if  the  remedy  were 
adequate,  the  poor  would  be  more  judiciously  assisted  by 
private  charity  than  through  the  means  of  public  relief. 

The  examination  into  the  circumstances  of  each  individual 
case  is  more  thorough  ;  the  opportunities  for  fraud  are  lessened  ; 
the  measure  of  relief  more  readily  and  accurately  ascertained  ; 
nor  is  the  recipient  degraded  in  his  own  esteem,  by  receiving 
aid  from  private  sources .  The  inmate  of  an  alms  house  loses 
all  self-reliance,  if  not  self-respect,  when  the  doors  close  upon 
him. 

Hence  private  hospitals,  asylums,  retreats  for  the  old  and 
infirm  should  be  encouraged,  as  being  not  only  the  most  etfect- 
ive  and  economical  modes  of  relief,  but.  above  all,  because 
they  strengthen  the  bonds  of  sympathy  between  the  rich  and 
the  poor,  between  the  donor  and  recipient. 

Bat,  unhappily,  the  charity  of  the  rich  is  not  commensurate 
with  the  wants  of  the  poor,  and  the  deficiency  must  be  supple- 
mented by  contributions  from  the  public  funds.     The  regula- 


RANl5ALt^S  tSLANO.  87 

tidnS  established  before  persons  can  be  admitted  into  the  Alms 
House,  or  obtain  out-door  r«iief,  are  as  stringent  as  is  com- 
patible with  the  ends  for  which  this  Commission  was  created  ; 
yet  many  obtain  aid  who  have  either  means  of  their  own,  or 
who  have  relatives  abundantly  able  to  support  them.  It  re- 
quires constant  vigilance^  by  the  officers  employed,  to  detect 
and  punish  these  frauds. 

The  "Workhouse  is  used  as  a  reformatory  for  vagrants  and 
drunkards,  with  the  rigorous  discipline  of  the  penitentiary, 
without  its  degrading  associations,  and  has  fulfilled,  under  the 
able  admiuistration  of  Mr.  Fitch,  the  purposes  for  which  it  was 
intended.  During  the  past  year,  12,346  persons  were  commit- 
ted to  his  care. 

The  nest,  and  last  building  to  visit  on  Blackwell's  Island,  is 
the  Lunatic  Asylum.  It  is  probable  that  no  similar  institu- 
tion in  the  country  is  as  much  visited  as  this  ;  and  everything 
is  being  done,  through  motives  of  humanity,  interest  and 
pride,  to  make  it  the  model  asylum  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

In  1865,  there  were  1,284  lunatics  treated  at  the  Asylum  ; 
of  these,  421  were  discharged,  127  died,  and  736  are  remaining. 
Here,  on  Randall's  Island,  are  the  nurseries  for  the  reception 
of  vagrant  and  helpless  children.  They  are  objects  of  increas- 
ing interest  and  usefulness,  and  are  the  homes  of  abandoned 
children,  or  of  children  whose  parents  are  unable  to  support 
them,  or  of  widows  living  at  service,  who  can  make  little  or 
no  provision  for  their  care,  though,  so  far  as  their  ability  will 
permit,  the  parents  or  relatives  are  required  to  pay  for  their 
support. 

Aside  from  the  dictates  of  humanity,  requiring  that  provision 
should  be  made  for  abandoned  and  foundling  children,  the 
public  interests  are  deeply  involved  ;  for,  it  is  ascertained,  that 
of  the  convicts  of  the  State,  o2  per  cent,  were,  in  childhood, 
either  orphans  or  half-orphans, 

Under  the  supervision  of  the  Wardens,  and  of  intelligent 
and  kind  matrons,  the  children  are  clothed  and  fed,  and  edu- 
cated, and  thus  rescued  from  the  contamination  of  evil  associa- 
tions in  the  streets  of  a  great  city. 
Whea  they  arrive  at  a  proper  age,  they  are  apprenticed  to 


88  INSTRUCTION   Pon   IDIOTS. 

some  industrial  pursuit,  and  become  useful  citizens.  It  is  difiS- 
cult  to  over-estimate  the  positive  good  derived  from  these  pub- 
lic nurseries. 

Every  day  affords  evidence  of  their  supreme  importance,  aa 
a  refuge  for  children  without  the  moral  restraint  of  parental 
care.  Here,  distributed  according  to  their  ages,  in  small  fami- 
lies, they  are  tenderly  watched  by  the  matrons,  and  are  subject 
to  all  the  kindly  influences  of  v/elJ -regulated  homes. 

There  are  sixty  idiot  children  on  Randall's  Island,  and  a 
separate  building  is  assigned  to  them,  but  no  attempts  have 
hitherto  been  made  to  develop  their  latent  reason.  Applica- 
tion has  been  made  to  Doctor  Wilbur,  the  principal  of  the 
State  Asylum  for  Idiots,  for  a  competent  teacher,  and  it  is 
hoped  that,  by  the  employment  of  the  same  means,  the  same 
gratifying  results  may  be  obtained  as  have  distinguished  Dr. 
Wilbur's  efforts  in  behalf  of  this  unfortunate  class. 

Permits  for  visiting  Blackwell's  or  Randall's  Island  can  be 
obtained  of  Mr.  George  Kellock,  Superintendent  of  Out  door 
Poor,  No.  1  Bond  street. 


m 


WALE    THE    FOURTH. 

NEV/SPAPSR  OFFICES. 

Jonathan  was  ahead  of  me  this  morning. 

When  I  descended  to  the  breakfast-room,  I  found  him  al- 
ready there,  waiting  for  me.  Apparently  he  was  pleased  as 
a  child  with  a  new  toy,  and  on  my  entering  the  room,  he 
looked  slyly  at  his  watch,  and  asked  me  if  I  was  tired. 

"  Tired  !  not  a  bit.     Why  do  you  ask  ? ' ' 

"Oh,  nothing  !  "  and  he  again,  with  a  facetious  twinkle  in 
his  eye,  consulted  his  watch. 

''Come,  out  with  it,"  said  I  laughing;  "I  see  you  have 
something  to  say,  so  out  with  it." 

"I- was  thinking,  John,  that  if  you  felt  tired  to-day  we 
would  not  go  out.  It  is  true  my  stay  in  the  city  is  not  long, 
but  I  would  rather  miss  seeing  some  of  the  sights  than  distress 
an  old  friend.'' 

The  serious  comic  manner  with  which  he  said  this  was  in- 
imitable. 

''  Why,  you  old  humbug,"  I  replied,  "  because  you  are  a  few 
minutes  ahead  of  me  this  morning,  you  try  to  make  it  appear 
I  am  worn  out  with  our  travels." 

"  No,  no  !  not  at  all ;  it  is  simply  my  extreme  solicitude  for 
your  health." 

"  Now  I  see  through  it,"  I  exclaimed.  "  You  are  worn  out 
yourself,  and  don' t  feel  like  walking,  and  want  to  throw  the 
blame  of  an  excuse  upon  me," 

"No,  really  I  do  not,"  replied  Jonathan  earnestly;  "I  like 
walking,  it  does  me  good,"  here  he  inflated  his  chest;  "but 
you  have  chided  me  every  moi'ning  for  keeping  you  waiting,  so 
I  thought  I  would  have  a  little  joke  about  my  being  first. 
And  you  know  I  must  have  my  joke.' ' 

If  Jonathan  had  said  he  must  have  his  little  choke  he  would 
have  been  nearer  correct,  for  chuckling  over  his  own  facetioua- 


90  A   FARE    WANTING.  ■ 

Hess  a  piece  of  breakfast  biscuit  went  tlie  wrong  way,  and  he 
coughed  and  spluttered  in  a  manner  painful  to  behold.  I  went 
to  his  assistance  and  restored  him  to  his  normal  condiiioa 
by  administering  a  few  severe  thumps  upon  his  back. 

*'  Where  are  you  thinking  of  taking  me  to  this  day  ?  "  que- 
ried Jonathan. 

"To-day  we  will  devote  our  attention  to  newspaper  offices 
and  as  soon  as  you  have  stowed  away  sufficient  cargo  we  wil. 
start. ' ' 

This  was  my  jocose  way  of  saying  "  when  you  have  finished 
breakfast." 

"  I  am  ready,''  said  Jonathan,  rising  and  brushing  the  crumbs 
from  his  lap  with  a  napkin. 

"  Tlien  off  we  go,''  and  in  a  few  minutes  we  started. 
Getting  into  a  stage  to  ride  down   town  we  obtained  seats 
near  the  further  end.     I  had  the  twenty  cents  ready,  and  be- 
fore Jonathan  noticed  it  had  handed  them  to  the  driver. 

Soon  another  passenger  got  in,  and  seated  himself  near  the 
door,  who  handed  ten  cents  to  Jonathan  for  him  to  give  to  the 
driver. 

I  observed  that  Jonathan  gazed  with  a  surprised  and  bewil- 
dered look  at  the  stamp,  and  heard  hiiu  mumble  something  to 
himself,  lut  beyond  that  I  took  no  further  notice. 

Presently  the  driver  began  thumping  most  vigorously  on  the 
top  of  the  stage,  much  to  Jonathan's  annoyance,  who  told  me 
that  he  thought  it  disgraceful  for  the  man  to  make  so  much 
noise.  Finally  the  driver,  when  he  found  his  stock  of  thumps 
exhausted,  shouted  through  the  hole,  "  that  some  man  in  there 
had  not  paid  his  fal-e.'' 

No  one  took  the  slightest  notice. 
**  Are  you  going  to  pay  me  that  fare  ?  "  asked  Jehu. 
"  Goon  driver,''  shouted  a  passenger,  "everybody's  paid." 
"  No  they  haven't.     That  gentleman  who  last  got  in,  and 
who  is  sitting  near  the  door,  hasn't  paid." 

All  eyes  were  turned  toward  the  gentleman  indicated. 
'•Yes  I  have,"  said  that  individual,  and  frowning  to  Jona- 
than he  continued  :     * '  You  remember,  sir,  I  handed  you  my 
faro  to  pass  up,  on  entering  the  stage." 


JON'ATRAN    RESrXTS    AN    IN^SULT.  9i 

Jonathan  turned  all  manner  of  colors,  muttered  something 
perfectly  unintelligible,  drew  a  ten  cent  stamp  from  his  waist- 
coat pocket  and  handed  it  to  the  driver. 

"■  A  queer  old  chap  that,''  said  the  gentleman,  as  he  alighted 
from  tiie  stage,  alluding  to  Jonathan. 

By  this  time  we  had  reached  the  City  Hall  Park,  so  we,  also 
got  out.  When  we  had  done  so,  I  said  to  Griggs,  "  Why  did 
you  pay  tliat  fellow's  fare  V 

"  To  tell  you  the  truth,  John,  I  never  was  so  mortified  in  all 
my  life.  I  will  explain  to  you  why.  When  that  man  handed 
me  the  ten  cents — ' ' 

"  Oh  !  then,  he  did  give  you  the  money  ?'' 

"  Yes,  of  course.  And  when  he  did  so,  I  thought  he  in- 
tended to  insult  me,  by  offering  me  money  ;  but  why  he 
should  do  so,  I  could  not  define,  so,  determining  to  punish  him 
for  his  insolence,  I  took  the  money  and  put  it  in  my  pocket." 

I  laughed  heartily  at  Jonathan's  mode  of  resenting  an  insult. 

"  Did  you  not  know  that  it  was  a  common  occurrence  for  peo- 
ple sitting  near  the  door  of  a  stage,  to  hand  their  fare  to  the 
person  nearest  the  driver,  for  them  to  hand  it  to  him?'* 

"  How  should  I  ?  When  I  left  the  city,  New  York  was  not 
the  New  York  it  is  to-day,  and  stages  were  not.  But  I  assure 
you,  I  never  felt  so  ashamed  in  all  my  life.  When  that  man 
said  he  had  given  me  the  money  to  pay  his  fare,  I  wished  my- 
self anywhere  but  iu  tiiat  stage." 

freeing  that  Jonathan's  feelings  really  were  hurt,  I  changed 
the  conversation. 

"  There  are,"  I  said,  "published  daily,  in  New  York,  about 
fifteen  papers,  with  an  aggregate  circulation  of  about  300,000 
copies.'' 

"  My  gracious  !  as  many  as  that  ?" 

"  it  is  impossible  to  get  at  a  correct  estimate,  but  I  presume 
it  amounts  to  that.  Publishers,  as  a  rule,  are  so  jealous  of 
their  circulation,  that  they  tell  none  of  its  secrets,  and  guard 
it  with  as  much  care  as  a  husband  would  his  wife,  or  a  lover 
his  sweetheart." 

"  This  number,  I  presume,  includes  both  English  and  for- 
eign ?" 


02  PRINTING    HOUSE    SQUARE. 

"  Yes  ;  English,  French,  and  German.  The  principal  Eng- 
lish papers  are  the  Herald,  Times,  Tribune,  World,  Post,  and 
Express ;  the  two  last  being  evening  papers." 

Bv  this  time  we  had  crossed  the  Park,  and  now  sto  od  in 
Priiitiag  House  Square. 

"  Is  that  The  Tribune  T'  asked  Jonathan.  "  Horace  Greeley's 
paper?" 

"Yes;  that  is  the  celebrated  Horace  Greeley's  paper,  and 
stands,  as  j'ou  see,  at  the  corner  of  Spruce  and  Nassau  streeets. 
Ibis  fine,  handsome  building,  facing  Chatham  street,  is  the 
Times  office.  It  is  the  finest  newspaper  building  in  the  city,  in- 
deed, I  might  say,  in  the  whole  United  States." 
"  It  is  a  magnificent  edifice,  certainly." 
"  The  Herald,  which  now  stands  on  the  corner  of  Fulton  and 
Nassau  streets,  is  shortly  to  be  removed  to  the  corner  of  Ann 
and  Broadway,  The  building  is  not  yet  completed,  but  rumor 
says  it  is  going  to  be  a  model  edifice  of  its  kind." 

"I  presume  Bennett  will  endeavor  to  beat  the  Times  in  the 
elegance  of  his  building.     Competition  is  a  great  thing." 

"  I  should  not  be  at  all  sm-prised.  But  let  us,  as  the  French 
say,  return  to  our  muttons.  The  Times  building  was  erected  in 
1857,  a  year  memorable  in  the  commercial  history  of  this  city, 
as  the  panic  year.  The  site  was  formerly  occupied  by  the  old 
Brick  Church,  erected  when  this  portion  of  the  city  was  con- 
sidered out  of  town.  When  the  church  and  ground  were  sold, 
Government  talked  of  buying  it,  and  building  a  post  office 
thereon." 

"  It  appears  to  me,  that  no  better  vocation  could  have  been 
selected.'' 

"  It  would  have  answered  the  purpose  admirably.     But  the 
proprietors  of  the  limes  wanting  it  for  their  own  use,  bought  it 
over  the  heads  of  the  Government  officials." 
'*  It  must  have  cost  a  good  round  sum  V ' 
"  About  ^300,000,  I  believe  ;  a  much  less  sum  than  it  could 
be  purchased  for  now.'' 

"Can  we  examine  the  building  ?" 

"  Oh,  yes.  When  we  have  gone  through  the  Times  building 
it  will  answer  for  the  whole,  as  the  prominent  features  in  all 
large  newspaper  offices  are  the  same." 


CLERKS    IN    GLASS    CASES.  93 

Entering  the  building,  we  made  known  our  wishes,  and  was 
Immediately  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  guide,  who,  at  once,  be- 
gan to  show  and  explain  to  us  objects  of  interest. 

On  the  ground  floor  is  the  counting-room,  where  advertise- 
ments are  received.  On  the  right  of  the  counting-room,  as 
you  enter  from  Printing  House  Square,  is  the  cashier's  office  ; 
through  that  little  window  in  the  glass  case  that  contains  the 
cashier,  the  hearts  of  the  editorial  and  reportorial  attaches  are 
gladdened  every  Friday  afternoon. 

On  the  left  is  the  mail  clerk,  who  is  also  engaged  inclosed  in 
a  glass  case.  From  appearances,  the  proprietors  of  the  Times 
think  a  good  deal  of  their  clerks,  they  take  so  much  care  of 
them  ;  or,  else  they  adopt  the  forcing  system,  and  keep  them 
under  glass,  to  more  fully  develop  them. 

The  duties  of  this  clerk  are,  to  receive  all  letters  that  are  re- 
ceived at  the  Times  office.  A  boy  fetches  them  from  the  Post 
Office,  but  as  the  majority  of  them  contain  money,  they  are 
put  into  a  tin  box,  which  is  securely  locked,  a  kej'^for  that  pur- 
pose being  kept  at  the  post  office,  and  a  duplicate  one  by  the 
mail  clerk. 

"  These,"  said  our  guide,  pointing  to  a  heap  of  letters  that 
were  being  rapidly  opened  by  the  mail-clerk,  *'  are  letters  con- 
taining subscriptions  for  our  weekly,  semi-weekly,  or  daily. 
It  is  the  business  of  this  gentleman  to  see  they  are  properly  en- 
tered into  the  subscription  books,  and  that  when  the  term  of 
subscription  expires,  to  see  that  the  paper  is  no  longer  sent 
unless  re-subscribed  for  " 

"  Quite  a  task  for  one  man,"  said  Jonathan. 

*'  Yes  ;  but,  then,  the  business  is  so  well  organized,  that  sel- 
dcm  or  never  does  a  mistake  occur.  In  this  room  are  the 
wrapper-writer^,  whose  only  occupation,  during  the  entire  day, 
is  to  write  the  addresses  of  subscribers." 

"  A  somewha.1  monotonous  job." 

"  Not  more  so  than  copying,  generally.  Now,  before  visit- 
ing the  press-room,  we  will  ascend  to  the  third  story,  and 
examine  the  editorial  rooms." 

•'Will  Mr.  Raymond  be  there?"  inquired  Jonathan.  "I 
should  like  to  see  him." 


04  iiow  REPoftTfiF.s  ^'oiiK. 

"  He  is  at  present  in  Washington  ;  his  duties,  as  a  Member  of 
Conq^resis,  calling  hm  there." 

"  A  iM ember  of  Congress  !  and  still  edits  this  paper  ?"  ejacu-* 
iaied  Jonathan,  surprised. 

'Oh,  yes.  In  Mr.  Raymond's  absence,  the  paper  is  undet 
the.  control  of  the  managing  editor,  who  is  thoroughly  ia-" 
structed  in  the  line  of  conduct  the  paper  should  pursue  ;  so  there 
is  little  danger  of  his  going  wrong." 

After  being  shown  the  editorial  rooms,  Mr.  Eaymond's  private 
room,  and  the  library,  which  is  well  stored  with  books  of  refer- 
ence, we  were  taken  to  the  reporters'  room,  on  the  same  floor* 
By  the  reporters  the  city  news  is  obtained. 

Jonathan  was  under  the  impression,  that  reporters  procured 
news  by  walking  about  the  streets,  and  that  whenerer  they 
saw  an  incident  or  a  murder,  they  rushed  forward,  got  all  the 
particulars,  and  published  them. 

But  when  told  that  each  reporter  had  his  especial  duty  to  at- 
tend to,  and  that  his  business  for  the  day  was  arranged  for  him 
by  a  gentleman,  called  the  City  Editor,  he  waa  much  aston- 
ished. 

"  On  the  fourth  story  is   the  composing  room — the  best  ap- 
pointed, the  best  lighted,  and  most  commodious  one  in  the 
city.     Compositors  are  constantly  employed,  day  and  night ; 
they  are  ever  busy,  no  idleness  being  peri^itted  for  a  moment.'* 
Thus  spoke  our  guide. 
Jonathan  murmured  something  about  the  busy  bee. 
"  If,  as  frequently  happens,  there  is  no  copy  for  the  men  to 
go  on  with,  they  are  made  to  work  on  setting  up  *  dead  '  mat- 
ter.   That  is,  composition  never  intended  to  be  printed.'' 
"  But  why  is  that  done  ?' ' 

"For  this  reason :  if  there  was  no  work  for  the  men,  they 
would  not  stay  in  the  office.  In  a  daily  newspaper  office  im- 
portant telegraphic  news  may  be  received  at  any  moment,  tliiit 
would  necessitate  the  publishing  of  an  extra  edition  i*so  it  ia 
absolutely  necessary  to  find  the  men  employment.'' 

On  the  left  of  the  composing  room,  is  the  stereotyping  de- 
partment. Here,  when  the  paper  is  all  set  up,  two  stereotypes 
are  taken  of  each  form -occupying  rather  less  than  twenty 


LIGHTNING    PRINTING    PRESSES.  95 

minutes  of  iirae — thus  enabling  two  presses  to  throw  off  copies 
of  the  same  form  at  once." 

"That  must  be  a  great  advantage." 

"  It  is  ;  for  it  allows  us  to  go  to  press  at  a  much  later  hour, 
which  was  an  invaluable  boon  during  the  war,  and  even  now 
has  great  advantages  upon    the    late    arrival    of   European 
news." 
**  Just  so." 

"  Besides  this,  something  had  to  be  done  to  enable  us  to 
print  a  sufficient  number  to  meet  the  demands  of  our  increas- 
ing circulation." 

We  next  descended  to  the  vaults  ;  they  are  the  finest  and 
most  commodious  ever  constructed  in  New  Yorli,  and  extend  on 
Spruce  street,  one  hundred  by  twenty-six  feet ;  on  Park  Row 
one  hundred  by  twenty  feet ;  on  Nassau  street  ninety-five  by 
fifteen  feet,  and  are  twenty-four  feet  deep.  On  the  Park  Row 
side  is  the  store-room  for  paper  ;  on  the  Nassau  street  side  are 
two  immense  boilers— large  enough  for  an  ocean  steamer — 
used  for  running  the  presses,  of  which  there  are  two. 

One  is  a  ten  cylinder,  the  other  a  six  cylinder  press  ;  they 
are  known  as  Hoe's  lightning  presses,  and  at  each  turn  of  the 
cylinder  the  former  prints  ten  papers,  the  latter  six. 

"John,"  said  Jonathan,  "I  have  arrived  at  the  conclusion, 
there  is  a  vast  deal  of  difference  between  running  a  paper  in 
this  city  and  out  in  the  town  I  come  from." 

I  was  also  of  opinion  there  was  some  difference. 
"There,"  he  continued,  "  the  editor  among  other  odd  jobs 
helps  to  set  type  and  collect  advertisements,  and  who,  with  the 
assistance  of  a  boy,  prints  the  whole  edition  upon  a  hand  pi  ess, 
and  delivers  it  to  the  subsci'ibers." 

*  "  Now  we  will  pay  a  visit  to  Torrey  Brothers'  establishment, 
No.  13  Spruce  street." 
"  What  are  they  ? ' ' 

"  I  am  astonished.  Do  neither  circuses  nor  shows  ever  visit 
your  benighted  town  ? ' ' 

"  Of  course  they  do.  Bat  what  has  that  to  do  with  my 
question  ? ' ' 

*'  A  great  deal.     Have  you  not  noticed  before  the  arrival  of 


96  A    SUBTERRANEAN    ESTABLISHMENT. 

a  show  that  your  town  was  gaily  decoratea  with  many  colored 
wood  cuts  and  posters  ? ' ' 

"  I  have,  and  often  examined  them  with  a  good  deal  of 
curiosity." 

"  Then  did  you  never  notice  the  imprint  of  Toirey  Brothers 
upon  them  ? ' ' 

"  Let  me  consider.     Why,  yes,  of  course  I  have." 

"I  thought  so,  for  that  firm  are  printers  of  the  majority  of 
Buch  show  bills  and  posters.  However,  it  is  not  the  printing 
office  I  wish  you  to  examine,  hut  the  subterranean  establish- 
ment of  Messrs.  Torrey  &  Green.'' 

"The  subterranean  establishment!"  exclaimed  Jonathan, 
doubting  if  he  had  heard  correctly. 

"  Yes,  Do  you  see  those  buildings  on  either  side  of  the 
street?" 

"If  it  is  not  an  optical  delusion,  I  do." 

"  In  each  of  those  buildings  machinery  of  some  kind  is 
used ;  also  in  the  corresponding  block  of  Beekman  street, 
which  is  below,  and  the  corresponding  block  of  Frankfort 
street,  which  is  above.  For  all  this  machinery  the  running 
power  is  obtained  from  the  engines  of  Messrs.  Torrey  &  Green, 
who  were  the  originators  of  the  plan  for  supplying  motive 
power  to  machinery  from  engines  situated  a  block  off." 

"  You  don't  tell  me." 

Descending  into  the  engine-room,  Jonathan  expressed  his 
admiration  of  the  engines,  of  which  there  are  two,  and  was 
lost  in  wonderment  at  the  fly  wheel,  which  is  48  feet  in  cir- 
cumference. 

At  this  juncture  we  heard  the  shrill  shriek  of  the  steam 
whistle  ;  in  an  instant  the  engine-room  was  deserted,  save  by 
one  man,  and  there  was  a  patter  and  clatter  of  many  feet  above. 

"  What,  what's  the  matter  ;  is  it  fire  ?  " 

The  man  to  whom  this  question  was  addressed,  laughed. 

"  No  ;  it  is  half-past  12,  dinner  hour  ;  and  the  boys  belong- 
ing to  the  various  offices  are  anxious  to  get  out  into  the  street 
to  play." 


A    GREAT    COUNTRY.  97 

"  Dinner  hour  !  "  said  Jonathan.  *'  I  am,  hungry  ;  let  us  go 
and  have  some  lunch." 

So  we  went  to  Crook,  Fox  &  Nash's  restaurant,  Nos.  40  and 
41  Park  Eow,  and  satisfied  the  cravings  of  our  appetites. 

"  Here,"  said  I  to  Jonathan,  '  *  may  be  seen  a  sight  that  can- 
not he  witnessed  in  any  other  than  a  Republican  country." 

"How  so  ?" 

**  You  see  the  throng  that  is  now  collected  here,  doing  as  we 
have  just  now  done.  Well,  it  is  composed  of  editors,  literary 
men,  artists,  politicians,  merchants,  their  clerks,  the  niillionare 
and  the  man  wlio  has  hardly  a  penny  to  bless  himself  with. 
The  poor  man  is  jostling  the  rich  man,  and  Eepublican  aud 
Democrat  are  quietly  sitting  side  by  side,  as  though  there  was 
no  such  thing  as  politics,  and  i^arties  were  unknown.  Ta!lc  of 
the  lion  and  ti.e  lamb  lying  down  together,  why,  it's  nothing 
to  it." 

"  Ah  I  it's  a  great  country,"  was  all  that  Jonathan  said. 


(98) 


WALK    THE    FIFTH. 

PUBLIO  AMUSEMENTS. 

I  have  no  doubt  that  my  readers  will  now  accuse  me  of  a 
Hibermanism,  for  this  chapter  is  called  a  walk,  and  there  is  no 
more  pedestrianism  in  it  than  there  is  grass  on  Broadway. 

However,  there  is  one  consolation,  it  is  not  my  fault.  If 
any  blame  is  attached  to  anybody  it  is  solely  to  Jonathan.  So 
you  will  please  pour  out  your  vials  of  wrath  upon  his  head, 
and  not  mine. 

I  will  endeavor  to  explain  how  it  is  his  fault. 

It  was  my  intention  to  visit  a  theatre  every  evening  of 
Jonathan's  stay  with  me,  but  he  had  the  happy  facidty  of  get- 
ting so  completely  tired  out  during  the  day,  that  he  was  fit  for 
nothing  in  the  evening,  but  bed. 

Now,  be  it  known,  I  take  a  great  interest  in  dramatic  enter- 
tainments of  all  kinds,  and  felt  sorry  that  Jonathan  would 
have  to  leave  the  city  without  visiting  one  of  our  leading 
theatres. 

I  thought  of  the  chagrin  he  would  experience,  upon  his 
return  home,  when  asked  about  any  place  of  public  amusement, 
at  not  being  able  to  answer  it.  This  state  of  deplorable  igno- 
rance would  recoil  upon  me.  He  would  be  asked  who  was  his 
friend,  counsellor  and  guide  in  New  York,  and  he  would  have 
to  answer  John  Wetherby. 

This  would  never  do,  so  I  made  out  a  list  of  the  various 
theatres  with  a  brief  account  of  the  style  jof  entertainment  to 
be  found  at  each.     Here  they  are. 

AcADEvnr  of  Music. — This  splendid  theatre,  the  largest  in 
New  York,  is  situated  at  the  corner  of  Irving  Place  and  Four- 
teenth street.  It  is  devott-d  almost  exclusively  to  music — 
during  the  season  operas  being  given  three  or  four  times-  a 
week.     Opera  is  one  of  the  fashionable  amusements  of  New 


A    DRAMATIC    TniUMPIT.  99 

York,  consequently  the  build in^r  is  froDc-rfillv  well  filled  with 
■what  is  called  the  elite  of  society.  Whellie'-  this  is  brought 
about  by  the  deep  love  our  citizens  have  for  music,  or  a  strong 
yearning  to  exhibit  their  good  clothes— for.  be  it  known,  you 
are  nothing  unless  full  dressed — I  will  not  determine.  Certain 
it  is,  the  fact  is  as  1  have  stated.  It  is  capable  of  accommoda- 
ting about  four  thousand  persons. 

Irving  Hall. — Exactly  opposite  the  Academy  of  Music,  on 
Irving  Place,  is  the  most  fashionable  music  hall  in  the  city. 
Mr.  Lafayette  Harrison  is  the  proprietor  and  manager,  and  has 
well  earned  the  deserved  title  of  being  the  best  caterer  for  the 
amusement  of  the  public  in  the  city.  During  the  winter 
months,  when  balls  are  all  the  rage,  many  of  the  best  are 
given  here.  No  matter  what  the  style  of  entertainment, 
whether  a  concert,  ball,  or  lecture,  it  is  safe  to  depend  upon  a 
pleasant  evening's  amusement. 

Wallace's  Theatre. — Now  under  the  management  of  Mr. 
Lester  Wallack,  the  best  li^ht  comedian  in  the  country,  is 
located  at  the  corner  of  Thirteenth  street  and  Broadway.  Its 
style  of  entertainment  is  varied,  consisting  of  comedy,  melo- 
drama and  farce.  No  matter  what  the  play,  it  is  sure  to  be 
better  put  upon  the  stage,  and  acted  with  more  artis'ic  finish 
than  at  any  other  house  in  town.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  re- 
production of  old  comedies — plays  that  our  fathers,  and  their 
father's  fathers  laughed  over.  For  a  quiet,  pleasant  evening's 
amusement,  no  place  is  more  likely  to  afford  it  than  this. 

Winter  Garden — Under  the  La  Farge  House,  and  opposite 
Bond  street,  on  Broadway,  it  is  one  of  the  most  conveniently 
situated  theatres  for  pleasure-seekers.  The  class  of  entertain- 
ment offered  at  this  house  ranges  "  from  grave  to  gay,  from 
lively  to  severe."  Shakespeare's  tragedy  of  Hamlet,  in  which 
Mr.  Edwin  Booth  appeared,  was  so  beautifully  acted  by  that 
gentleman,  aftd  so  charmingly  placed  upon  the  stage,  that  it  ran 
for  a  hundred  consecutive  nights — a  triumph  unknown  in  the 
annals  of  the  drama.     Bulwer's  play  of  Richditu,  in  which  the 


^^^  THE    QUEEN   OF    COMEDY. 

Bame  actor  represented  the  Cardinal  Duke,  was  also  mounted 
so  superbly  that  both  the  press  and  public  went  almost  crazy 
^vith  dehght.  It  was  an  epoch  in  dramatic  history,  and  reflects 
great  credit  on  the  enterprise  and  liberality  of  the  manage- 

Olympic  THEATRK.-This  charming  theatre  is  under  the  man- 
agement  of  Mrs  John  Wood,  the  most  pleasing,  vivacious  and 
jolly  actress  on  the  stage.  Vaudevilles,  farces  and  burlesques 
a  e  usually  the  attractions  at  this  house,  which  are  always 
placed  upon  the  stage  with  due  attention  to  scenic  surround- 
ngs.  For  a  man  afflicted  with  the  blues,  there  is  no  place  bet- 
ter adapted  to  dispel  them  than  here.  All  are  sure  of  a  hearty 
laugh  for  Mrs.  John  Wood's  comic  powers  are  irresistible.  She 
well  deserves  the  enviable  title  of  Queen  of  Comedy.  It  is 
situated  at  622  Broadway. 

Barnum's  MusEUM.-Among  the  many  places  of  amusement 
m  2^ew  York,  none  are  so  popular  with  country  people  as  Bar- 
num  s  Museum  When  the  old  building,  at  the  corner  of  Ann 
Btreet  and  Broadway,  was  burned  down,  Mr.  Barnum,  in  an  in- 
credible  short  space  of  time,  fitted  up  the  old  Chinese  Assembly 
Rooms,  located  on  Broadway,  between  Spring  and  Prince  streets 

diversified  entertainment  cannot  be  procured  anywhere  Here 
inay  be  seen  giants,  dwarfs,  serpents,  monkeys,  three-horned 
bulls,  and  almost  every  description  of  curiosity  the  mind  of 
man  can  imagine.  Besides  all  this,  there  are  dramatic  enter- 
tainments  m  the  lecture-room,  every  afternoon  and  evening. 

Wood's  Theatre  is  exactly  opposite  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel, 
and  IS  well  patronized  by  pleasure-seekers.     It  was  formerly  a 

^h!2^  '  '""^  ^"'  ""^^  '^'''y  ^^^^  ''^"''■'''^ '-'-  ^ 

Broadway  TnEATRE.-This  theatre,  one  door  from  Broome 
s.reet,  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway,  is  well  worthy  a  visit  as 
a  pleasmg  evening's  entertainment  is  sure  to  be  obtained  he're 
It  has  been  the  scene  of  many  histrionic  triumphs,  the  latest  of 


NEGRO    MINSTRELSY.  101 

T^liicli  is  Mr.  John  Owens' ,  who  played  the  character  of  Solon 
Shingle,  va.  "The  People's  Lawyer,"  for  nearly  four  hundred 
nights. 

Bowery  Theatre — As  its  name  indicates,  stands  on  the 
Bowery,  near  Canal  street,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  spectacle 
pieces  and  pantomimes.  Mr.  G.  L.  Fox,  the  manager,  is  one  of 
the  best  dumb  clowns  on  the  stage.  The  manner  in  which  he 
expresses  the  various  emotions  of  love,  hope,  fear,  cunning,  am- 
bition and  revenge,  simply  by  contortions  of  the  face  and  body, 
is  unapproachable,  and  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 

New  Bowery  Theatre.— This  popular  place  of  amusement  is 
also  on  the  Bowery,  near  Hester  street.  The  blue  and  red 
fire  school  of  melo-drama  holds  almost  undisputed  sway  here, 
as  that  class  of  entertainment  best  pleases  its  patrons. 

New  York  Stadt  Theatre — Is  nearly  opposite  the  Bowery 
Theatre.  Thj  plays  are  in  German,  and  are  well  supported  by 
the  German  population. 

Negro  Minstrelsy. — The  principal  and  best  halls  for  Ethio- 
pean  Minstrelsy,  are  the  Bryant's  472  Broadway  ;  San  Francisco, 
opposite  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  and  George  Christy's,  on 
Twenty-fourth  street,  under  the  Fifth  avenue  Hotel. 


(102) 

WALK     THE     SIXTH. 

WHARVES  AND  SHIPPHTG. 

"To-day,"  said  I  to  jona than,  when  we  had  finished  our 
matutinal  repast,  "  I  iatend  giving  you  some  idea  of  the  vast 
commercial  importauce  of  the  city  of  New  York." 

"  Nothing  I  should  like  better,''  replied  Griggs,  rubbing  his 
hands,  "  how  do  you  intend  doing  it,  for  my  ideas  are  pretty 
thoroughly  fixed  upon  that  point  already.'' 

"I  have  no  doubt  of  it,  but  they  will  be  more  strongly 
planted  when  you  have  seen  the  ceaseless  activity  along  the 
wharves,  and  examined  the  shipping  and  ship  j'^ards." 

"  That  may  be  John,  but  I  am  somewhat  dubious  ;  for  my 
opinion  at  present  is,  there  is  no  city  like  this  in  the  world.  I 
may  be  right,  or  I  may  be  wrong,  but  that  rs  my  opinion." 

*'  We  will  see." 

So  we  set  out  upon  our  pilgrimage.  Biding  down  town  I 
conducted  Jonathan  to  the  foot  of  the  North  Eiver,  and  com- 
menced my  harrangue  as  follows  : 

"  Here,  at  Pier  No.  1,  is  the  landing  place  of  the  boats  be- 
longing to  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad,  the  first  line  built 
running  South  from  New  York.  When  the  road  was  first  built 
it  was  traveled  over  by  horse  cars,  and  the  first  locomotive 
ran  upon  it  only  thirty-five  years  ago.  It  was  built  in  1829  ; 
•now  the  earnings  of  the  road  are  over  a  million  and  a  half 
dollars  per  annum." 

Jonathan  said  nothing,  but  gave  a  little  gasp  of  surprise. 

"  At  Pier  No.  2,  is  one  of  the  Boston  lines  ;  Pier  No.  3  boats 
leave  for  ;pong  Branch  and  Port  Monmouth,  and  the  splendid 
steamers  belonging  to  the  Savannah  line  start  fram  Pier 
No.  4." 

"  What  strange  looking  vessel  is  that?  " 

"  That  is  the  Bethel  ship,  used  as  a  church  for  seamen.  At 
Pier  No.  11  are  the  steamers  for  Wilmington,  Delaware,  and  at 


WASHINGTON    MARKET.  103 

Pier  No.  13  are  the  boats  for  Savannah,  New  Orleans  and  New- 
bern.  The  boats  for  Savannah  belong  to  the  far-famed  Empire 
side-wheel  line,  and  leave  every  Saturday  promptly  at  3 
o'clock,  and  run  in  connection  with  railroads  throughout 
Georgia  and  Florida.  For  excellent  accommodation  for  passen- 
gers, this  line  couipares  favorably  with  any.  Messrs.  Garrison 
&  Allen,  5  Bowling  Green,  are  the  agents.  Here  are  steamer 
upon  steamers,  from  one  to  five  thousand  tons,  clustering 
around  the  docks  like  boys  hoverixig  around  a  !^ugar  barrel." 

"  A  perfeco  forest  of  masts  I  do  declare,''  chimed  in  Jona- 
than. 

"  Here,  at  the  foot  of  Cortland  street,"  I  continued,  "  is  the 
Jersey  City  Ferry,  also  connecting  with  the  Erie  Railroad,  New 
Jersey  Kailroad,  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  the 
Morris  and  Essex  Railioad." 

"  How  large  a  population  has  Jersey  City  ? " 

"About  fifty  thousand,  and  it  is  estimated  that  twenty-five 
thousand  people,  and  two  thousand  vehicles  cross  this  ferry 
daily.'' 

"  Goodness  gracious !  half  of  the  inhabitants.  How  many 
boats  are  needed  for  so  many  passengers  ? ' ' 

•'  Seven  boats  do  it  all,  the  largest  of  which  is  eight  hundred 
tons." 

"  Rather  a  good  size  for  a  ferry  boat.'' 

"  Yes,  indeed." 
.  *  Does  the  ferry  belong  to  the  city  ?  "    . 

"  No,  to  a  C(  mpany  who  pay  to  the  city  $5,000  for  the  privi- 
lege of  carrying  passengers  across  the  river  at  three  cents  per 
head.'' 

"  A  profitable  speculation  I  should  judge." 

"Here,  at  Pier  No,  19,  is  Washington  Market,  extending 
northerly  to  Pier  No.  26.  It  ygas  in  old  times  called  Bear  Mar- 
ket for,  in  those  days,  all  the  bear  meat  that  came  to  the  city 
v,as  sold  here.  Piers  19  and  20  are  crowded  with  propellers 
and  canal  boats  ladened  with  produce  of  every  kind  to  feed  the 
hungry  of  the  city." 

Passing  through  Washington  Market,  we  soon  came  to  the 
first  slip  of  the  Hobokeu  Ferry,  at  the  foot  of  Barclay  street. 


104  THE    ELYSIAN    FIELDS. 

*' Across  this  ferry  is  Hobokeu,  a  great  resort  for  rurally" 
disposed  people.  Its  great  charm  are  the  Elysian  Fields,  which 
are  much  resorted  to  on  Sundays  by  our  German  citizens  who 
seek  recreation  and  lager  amid  the  sylvan  groves  of  this  far- 
famed  place.'' 

"  The  traffic  does  not  seem  so  great  here  as  at  the  Jersey 
City  Ferry." 

"It  is  not)  but  the  proprietors  do  a  pretty  good  business, 
notwithstanding.  There  are  three  ferries  in  all  to  Hoboken, 
for  which  the  city  receives  SI, 050  per  year." 

**  Not  an  overwhelming  suaa  for  such  privileges." 

"  The  traffic,  however,  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  will  no 
doubt  continue  so  to  do,  for  this  reason,  the  North  German 
Lloyds  steamers  for  Bremen,  via  Southampton,  sail  from  the 
pier  at  the  foot  of  Third  street,  Hcboken,  and  the  passengers 
for  those  vessels  necessarily  have  to  cross  this  ferry.' ' 

"Ah,  I  see." 

*'  These  vessels  carry  the  United  States  mail,  and  are  con- 
sidered admirable  sea  going  boats." 

"  They  carry  passengers  of  course  ?  " 

"  Oh,  yes,  cabin,  second  cabin  and  steerage,  for  whom  ample 
kccommodations  are  provided." 

''  Now  we  have  arrived  at  the  wharf  of  the  Erie  Railroad 
Company.  It  is  the  great  route  to  the  West,  and  the  most 
stupendous  work  of  private  enterprise  ever  executed  in  this 
country." 

'*  You  don't  tell  me  !  " 

"  Yes,  it  cost  thirty  millions  of  dollars,  and  is  an  entci  prise, 
though  it  is  not  so  profitable  as  it  might*be,  that  reflects  great 
credit  on  the  enterprise  of  New  Yorkers.'' 

"  I  guess  I  will  return  home  by  this  route,"  said  Jonathan. 

"  You  could  not  do  better,  for  since  the  great  '  cut-olf '  has 
been  completed,  it  is  one  of  the  most  comfortable  roads  to 
travel  on  to  the  West." 

"  I  will  certainly  go  by  this  road,"  said  Jonathan  decidedly. 

"  At  Salamanca,  the  Erie  connects  with  the  Atlantic  and 
Great  Western  railway,  thus  enabling  a  person  to  travel  all  the 
way  to  Dayton,  Ohio,  on  a  broad  guage  track.'' 


THE    ALBANY    BOATS.  105 

"  That  must  not  be  forgotten,' '  and  Jonathan  made  an  entry 
of  the  fact  in  his  note  book. 

"Here,  at  Pier  No.  33,  the  steamer  Matteawan leaves  daily 
at  3  p.  M.  for  Middletown  Point ;  it  is  also  the  dock  for  the  out- 
side freight  line  to  Philadelphia.  At  Piers  37  and  38  the  ice 
ladened  boats  discharge  their  cargoes,  here  also  is  the  wharf  of 
the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company,  who  bring  to  this 
city  over  two  hundred  thousand  tons  of  coal  a  year,  nearly 
fifty  thousand  tons  of  which  are  landed  at  this  wharf. ' ' 

Jonathan  only  lifted  up  his  hands  iu  wonderment. 

"At  this  wharf  is  the  dumping  ground  for  the  manure  and 
garbage  collected  in  the  streets  ;  usually  there  are  about  1,200 
loads  dumped  weekly,  but  in  the  spring  when  the  accumulated 
filth  of  winter  is  collected,  it  frequently  runs  up  to  2,000.'' 

"  Is  this  the  only  dumping  place  in  the  city  ? '' 

"  Dear  me,  no.  There  are  several  much  larger  on  the  East 
side  of  the  city ;  the  total  amount  dumped  weekly  is  about 
17,000  loads,  which,  in  the  spring,  has  been  known  to  increase 
to  as  many  as  40,000  loads.'' 

* '  It  appears  to  me  that  New  \  ork  must  be  a  very  dirty  place. ' ' 

"Pier  Ko.  41  is  the  landing  place  of  the  Albany  boats. 
They  are  magnificent  boats,  and  may  well  be  called  floating 
palaces.  If  you  wish  to  see  life  and  activity  you  should  visit 
this  dock  a  few  minutes  before  6  a.  m.  and  6  p.  m. 

"  Is  that  the  time  the  boats  leave  ? '' 

"It  is.  And  if  you  never  witnessed  a  scene  of  confusion, 
you  will  witness  one  then  Such  hurrying,  such  shouting,  a 
stranger  would  think  they  would  never  be  ready  to  start  at  the 
appointed  time.  Heaps  of  freight  upon  the  dock,  and  on  board 
the  boat.  Deck  hands  busy  wheeling  it  on  board,  while  the  ever- 
busy  freight  master  stands,  book  in  hand,  tallying  each  pack- 
age. Passengers  arriving  in  carriages  and  on  foot ;  the  bag- 
gage master  surrounded  by  a  sea  of  trunks,  checking  the  same. 
The  boat  itself  shrieking  like  a  monster  in  pain,  all,  all  com- 
bined to  make  a  scene  of  confusion  impossible  to  describe.'' 

"  I  shoujld  like  to  witness  it.'' 

"  So  you  ought ;  but  the  months  of  July  and  August,  when 
ttie  people  a^e   rushing   out   of  town  to   Niagara,    Saratoga, 


/ 

106  '    CLINTON   MARKET. 

Canada,  or  any  other  place  their  fancies  may  dictate,  is  the 
time  to  see  it  at  the  height  of  its  glory.'' 

"Just  my  luck,"  said  Jonathan  with  a  sigh,  "  I  cannot  be 
here  those  months.'' 

"At  the  foot  of  Canal  street,  is  the  second  landing  of  the 
Hohoken  Ferry  ;    also  the  docks  known  as  Pier  No.  42,  for- 
merly occupied  by  the  Collins  line  of  steamers,  now  the  start- 
ing place  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company's  boats  '' 
"  They  go  to  California  do  they  not?  " 

"  Yes  ;  they  sail  on  the  1st,  11th  and  21st  of  each  month, 
except  when  either  of  those  days  fill  o*^  a  Sunday,  then  they 
leave  on  the  proceeding  Saturday." 

"  I  have  often  thought  I  should  like  to  go  to  California.'' 
"  Well  then,  Jonathan,  if  you  do  make  up  your  mind  to  go, 
you  cannot  do  better  than  take  your  passage  by  this  line.  It 
is  wonderfully  well  conducted,  and  every  thing  that  can  be 
done,  is  done  by  this  Company  for  the  comfort  and  accommo- 
dation of  passengers.'' 

"  How  long  does  it  take  to  go  to  California  ?" 
"The  average  time  is  about  twenty- two  days;  but  it  has 
been  done  by  a  steamer  of  this  company — the  Arizona,  I  be- 
lieve—in eighteen  days,  twelve  hours,  that  being  the  quickest 
time  on  record." 

"  I  have  never  been  on  board  a  large  vessel,  but  I  should 
much  like  to.'' 

''Then  your  wish  shall  be  gratified." 

As  good  fortune  would  have  it,  the  Arizona  was  lying  at  the 
dock,  taking  in  cargo  ;  so,  obtaining  permission  to  go  on  board, 
we  at  once  set  to  work  to  examine  the  ship.  Jonathan  was 
much  struck  with  her  noble  proportions — it  was  a  revelation 
to  him — and  l»e  babbled,  delightedly,  about  all  he  saw. 

The  neatness  and  cleanliness  of  the  state  rooms  were  to  him 
a  theme  of  general  laudation,  while  the  cabin,  with  its  ele- 
gance and  beauty  of  fitting  up,  was  fit  for  the  abode  of  a  prince. 
With  much  reluctance,  Jonathan  left,  and  we  wend;  d  our 
way  past  Clinton  Market,  and  the  piers  opposite,  at  which  a 
vast  number  of  oyster  boats  were  lying.  Pointing  these  out  to 
my  companion,  I  told  him  that  a  large  number  of  our  oysters 


JONATHAN    UNWELL.  lOT 

were  landed  at  those  dock^,  and  that  it  was  not  an  unusual 
thing,  for  40,000  bushels  to  be  sold  there  in  one  week. 

"At  pier  No.  4 1,  are  the  Ininaa  line  of  steamships  They 
sail,  semi-weeklv,  for  Liverpool,  calling  at  Queenstown." 

"John,"  said  Jonathan,  suddenly  stopping  me,  "I  don't  feel 
well.'' 

"  Not  well ;  what's  the  matter  ? " 

"I  don't  know,  but  I  think  a  little  Bourbon  would  put  me 
to  rights." 

We  imbibed. 

"  Did  you  suffer  any  pain  ?  "     I  asked. 

"  No,  I  can't  say  I  did,  but  I  thought  '  prevention  was  better 
than  cure'  any  day." 

I  laughed,  and  thought  any  excuse  better  than  none. 

'*  Here,  at  Pier  No.  47,  is  another  steamship  line  to  Europe. 
It  is  the  National  Steam  Navigation  Company's  d:)cks,  and 
their  vessels  sail  weekly  for  Queenstown  and  Liverpool." 

"  What  a  number  of  vessels  «ail  for  Great  Britain." 

"  Yes,  but  our  commercial  relations  are  so  great  with  that 
country,  that  there  are  none  too  many.'' 

"I  presume  not." 

"  This,''  I  continued,  "  is  the  cheapest  line  to  Europe,  as  the 
cabin  passage  is  only  ninety  dollars,  and  the  steerage  thirty, 
payable  in  currency. ' ' 

"  This  certainly  is  cheap.'' 

"It  is.  If  you  wanted  to  bring  a  poor  friend  out  from 
Liverpool  or  Queenstown,  you  could  do  so  by  sending  him  a 
passage  ticket,  which  would  cost  forty  dollars." 

"  I  thought  you  said  thiity  dollars,  just  now." 

"  So  I  did  ;  but  the  passage  out  takes  longer,  so  the  charge 
is  higher.'' 

"Ah,  I  understand." 

At  the  foot  of  Christopher  street  is  the  third  slip  of  the 
Hoboken  li'erry,  on  either  side  of  which  are  huge  piles  of  lum- 
ber, towering  upward  toward  the  skies 

"  From  here,"  I  informed  Jonathan,  ''  the  greater  portioTi  of 
our  poorer  class  of  citizens  obtain  their  kindling  wood  " 

"  They  get  it  here,  then  carry  it  home,  and  chop  it  up." 


108  RAISING   SUNKEN    SHIPS. 

"  It  is  sawed  and  split  by  steam,  tlien  done  up  into  small 
bundles  by  boys,  and  sold  to  grocery  store  keepers  for  1^ 
cents,  and  by  tliem  retailed  for  2^  cents  per  bundle.'' 

Jonathan's  attention  was  now  attracted  by  a  huge  floating 
box,  that  lay  upon  the  water,  having  upon  its  deck  a  house, 
from  which  towered  a  gigantic  mast,  rigged  with  cross  beamg 
and  pulleys.     So  he  wished  to  know  what  it  was. 

"That  is  a  derrick — Bishop's  derrick,  as  it  is  generally  called. 
It  is  used  for  raising  sunken  steamers,  ships,  and,  in  fact,  all 
classes  of  vessels  .that  may  have  foundered." 

•'  Do  you  mean  to  tell  me  that  that  thing  can  raise  a  vessel 
from  the  bottom  of  the  river  ? " 
-  "  I  do  indeed.     "With  five  men  and  one  horse  that  arrange- 
ment hss  raised  a  boat  with  300  tons  of  coal  on  board." 

"  Astonishing  !     I  never  would  have  believed  it. " 

*'  This  is  done  more  by  the  lifting  force  of  the  boat  itself,  than. 
by  the  power  on  board." 

*'  How  do  you  mean  ?  " 

"  The  boat  being  seventy -six  feet  square  and  twelve  feet  deep, 
it  is  only  necessa-ry  to  make  her  fast  to  a  sunken  boat  at  low 
tide,  which,  at  high  tide,  will  raise  it  six  feet  off  the  bottom." 

"  I  see  ;  the  buoyancy  of  the  derick  doing  this." 

"Just  so.  It  is  then  towed  in  nearer  shore;  at  the  next 
tide  the  process  is  repeated,  until  at  last  she  is  raised  high 
enough  to  be  pumped  out." 

"Well,"  said  Jonathan  taking  off  his  hat  and  running  his 
fingei-s  through  his  bair,  "  we  are  a  great  people." 

"Here,''  said  I,  when  we  had  reached  the  foot  of  Fifteenth 
street,  "  is  the  crossing  of  the  American  Telegraph  Company. 
The  cable  is  three  times  as  thick  as  the  Atlantic  Telegraph 
cable,  and  runs  from  here  on  the  bed  of  the  river  to  Brimstone 
Point  in  the  Elysiau  Fields,  Hoboken." 

''Thence,  I  presume, all  over  the  continent  of  America." 

"Very  nearly.'' 

"We  were  now  at  the  foot  of  Eighteenth  street,  where  a  por- 
tion.of  ihegas  of  the  Manhattan  Gas  Company  is  made.  It  is 
the  largest  company  in  the  city,  and  have  another  station  for 
the  manufacture  of  gas  at  the  foot  of  Fourteenth  street,  East 


MAKING    GAS.  109 

Kiver,  and   another   at  the  foot  of  Sixty-fifth  street,  North 

Eiver. 

"  Is  this  the  only  gas  company  in  New  York  ?  " 

"No,  there  is  another  one,  which  we  will   speak  of  anon. 

This  company  furnishes  light  to  certainly  not  less  than  350,- 

000  people,  think  of  that,  Jonathan." 

"  I  do,  and  think  it  a  most  startling  fact." 

"In  one  year,"  I  continued,  "this  company  consumes  a 
hundred  thousand  tons  of  coal,  and  sixty  thousand  hushels  of 
lime,  from  which  they  make  a  thousand  million  cubic  feet  of 

gas." 

Jonathan  gave  a  little  whistle  of  surprise. 

"  To  do  this  fifteen  hundred  men  are  employed." 

"  They  must  have  a  vast  quantity  of  piping  laid  throughout 
the  city,"  Griggs  remarked. 

"  Altogether  about  230  miles  of  cast-iron  main  laid  through- 
out the  streets;    But  that  will  not  so  much  surprise  you  when 

1  tell  you  that  the  Manhattan  Company  light  the  whole  of  this 
great  city  from  the  north  side  of  Grand  street  to  the  south  side 
of  Seventy-ninth  street. ' ' 

Still,  steadily  onward  we  progressed  northward.  Past  swill- 
fed  cnw  stables,  that  sickened  us  to  look  upon  the  forlorn, 
wretched,  diseased  animals  therein  confined  ;  by  distilleries  and 
slaughter-houses,  making  the  air  pregnant  with  poisonous 
vapors;  by  sugar  refineries,  and  pork  packing  establishments, 
with  such  facilities  for  the  transaction  of  business,  that  hogs 
are  killed,  scalded,  scraped,  dressed,  and  ready  for  cooking,  be- 
fore  they  know  what  has  actually  happened  them. 

Past  great  clipper  ships  that  are  being  loaded  and  unloaded 
by  steam  ;  past  tow-boats  ladened  with  the  cereals  of  the 
West  the  coal  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  thousand  products  of 
a  thousand  places;  past  ships,  and  sloops  and  schooners  thatr 
have  brought  the  products  of  nearly  every  clime  to  our  shores, 
and  that  are  bound  to  a  thousand  different  places  ladened  with 
the  results  of  American  industry  and  skill. 

As  we  neared  Thirty-fourth  street  I  noticed  that  Jonathan 
gave  three  or  four  suggestive  and  unsatisfactory  sniffs,  finally 
pulling  his  handkerchief  from  his  pocket,  and  applymg  it  to 
bis  nose. 


110  THE    OFFAL    BOAT. 

"  What  is  the  matter  ? ' '     I  asked. 

"Do  you  not  perceive  a  most  disagreeable  and  offensive 
smell?'' 

"  I  do,  but  that  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  for  at  this  pier  is 
the  offal  boat.'' 

"  The  offal  boat !  " 

"Yes,  the  boat  that  receives  the  animal  dead  of  the  city,  and 
the  refuse  of  slaughter-houses.  If  your  .olfactories  are  not  too 
sensitive  we  will  go  upon  the  dock  and  take  a  nearer  view." 

"  The  odor  is  not  pleasant  to  my  nostrils,  but  in  the  search 
for  information  I  am  prepared  to  suffer." 

So  upon  the  pier  we  went,  and  saw  a  small  sloop  lying  there 
piled  high  with  the  carcases  of  horses,  pigs,  cows,  dogs  and 
cats,  in  every  stage  ofdecomposition.  Besides  these,  a  number 
of  tubs  and  barrels  filled  with  blood  and  entrails,  stood  about. 

"  How  are  these  animals  collect  ed  ?  " 

"  Whenever  one  dies,  notice  must  immediately  be  given  at 
the  nearest  station-house,  or  at  the  ofiBce-of  the  City  Inspector. 
The  contractor 'then  sends  one  of  his  carts— of  which  there  are 
ten  constantly  employed— and  the  funeral  takes  place  with 
neatness  and  dispatch." 

"  A  terribly  disagreeable  business." 

"  The  offal  and  blood  from  the  slaughter-houses,  the  butchers 
are  compelled  by  law  to  deliver  themselves." 

'*  And  quite  right  and  proper." 

"  The  whole  of  this  is  done  under  the  auspices  of  the  Bureau 
of  Sanitary  Inspection,  who,  among  other  things,  watch  that 
the  denizens  of  New  York  do  not  have  unhealthy  food  sold  to 
them." 

"You  do  not  mean  to  tell  me,"  said  Jonathan  horrified, 
^'  that  men  sell  food  knowing  it  to  be  bad." 

*'  We  will  give  them  the  benefit  of  the  doubt,  and  presume 
they  are  ignorant  of  it,  but  the  officers  of  the  Sanitary  Inspec- 
tion can  detect  it  at  once,  and  in  one  week  condemned  as  unfit 
for  human  food,  1,236  pounds  of  beef;  495  pounds  of  veal  ; 
2,900  pounds  of  fish  ;  350  pounds  of  poultry  ;  8,580  pounds  of 
other  meats,  and  sixteen  hogs." 

"  What  an  immense  quantity !  " 


THE  TONNAGE  OJ'  NEW  YORK.         Ill 

**But  for  this  Bureau  all  this  would  have  found  its  way- 
down  the  throats  of  our  hungry  citizens,  and  engendered  no 
end  of  sickness." 

*•  Where  is  all  this  abomination  carried  to  ? ' ' 

"  Up  the  river  to  a  bone  boiling  establishment,  where  it  is 
quickly  converted  into  various  articles  much  more  useful." 

"■  Let  us  go  ;  I  feel  sick  and  faint." 

"  Now,''  said  I,  "as  there  is  nothing  more  of  any  very  great 
interest  to  be  seen  this  side,  we  will  cross  over  and  and  take  a 
glimpse  at  the  East  Kiver  side," . 

As  we  trudged  along  we  talked  of  the  commercial  impor- 
tance of  New  York,  and  the  marvellous  increase  of  her  com- 
merce, which  has  no  parallel  in  history. 

"In  1701,"  I  informed  Jonathan,  "the  mercantile  marine 
of  this  city  consisted  of  seventy-four  vessels,  seven  of  which 
were  ships.'' 

"  Only  seven  ships  ! '' 

"  Now  the  tonnage  of  the  port  of  New  York  is  nearly 
a  million  and  a  half  tons,  one-fifth  of  the  entire  United 
States." 

"  Immen-se,  immense  ! ''  was  all  that  Jonathan  said. 

*'  Here,  at  the  foot  of  Thirty-fourthestreet,  Ea^t  Eiver,,is  the 
ferry  to  Hunter' s^roint,  hon^  Island  ;  at  the  foot  of  Twenty- 
third  street  is  another  terry  to  Greenpoint." 

"  Apparently  the  means  of  egress  from  New  York  to  the 
suburbs  are  ample." 

"  Yes,  but  not  too  many  for  our  rapidly  increasing  growth. 
Here,  also,  is  the  other  gas  company  I  told  you  of— the  New- 
York.  It  is  not  so  large  as  the  Manhattan,  their  customers  all 
being  below  Grand  street." 

•'How  many  miks  of  main  have  they  laid  ? '' 
About  one  hundred  and  thirty,  they  manufacture  about 
six  hundred  millions  cubic  feet  of  gas  per  annum,  and  give  em- 
ployment to  five  hundred  and  thirty -five  men.'' 

"  Here  are  the  Novelty  Iron  Works,  where  the  clang  and 
clash  of  the  hammer  is  never  still,  and  the  air  is  dark  with  the 
dust  and  labor  of  a  thousand  men." 

•'  What !  where  they  make  the  engines  for  ocean  steamers  ?'' 


11^  THE   NOVELTV   WORKS. 

"  The  same  ;  and  as  we  walk  along,  I  will  endeavor  to  give 
3'ou  pome  little  description  of  Ihe  work.'' 

''  Praj--  commence." 

"  The  entrance  to  the  Novelty  Works  is  by  a  great  gateway, 
through  v;hich  the  visitor,  on  approaching  it,  will  very  proba- 
bly see  an  enormous  truck,  or  car,  issuing,  drawn  by  a  long 
team  of  horses,  and  bearing  some  ponderous  piece  of  machinery, 
suspended  beneath  it,  by  means  of  levers  and  chains.  On  the 
rii^ht  of  the  entrance  gate  is  the  porter's  lodge,  with  entrances 
from  it  to  the  offices.  Beyond  the  entrance,  and  just  within 
the  inclosure,  may  be  seen  a  great -crane,  used  for  receiving  or 
delivering  the  vaat  masses  of  metal,  the  shafts,  the  cylinders, 
the  boilers,  the  vacuum  pans,  and  other  ponderous  forma- 
tions, which  are  cootinually  coming  and  going  to  and  from 
the  3'ard.  Beyond  the  crane  is  seen  the  bell  by  which  the  hours 
of  vrork  are  regulated." 

"  Which  is,  no  doubt,  heard  with  pleasure  when  it  rings  for 
dinner  hour." 

"  On  the  right  of  the  entrance  is  the  porter's  lodge  ;  beyond 
it,  in  the  yard,  stands  the  crane.  Turning  to  the  left,  just  be- 
yond the.crane,  the  visitor  enters  the  iron  foundry,  a  spacious 
inclosure,  with  ovens  and  furnaces  along  the  sides,  and  enor- 
mous cranes  swinging  in  various  directions  in  the  centre. 
These  cranes  are  for  hoisting  the  heavy  castings  out  of  the  pita 
in  which  they  are  formed." 

"  And  what  are  these  ?" 

"  Those  are  ovens  for  drying  the  moulds.  Turning  to  the 
right  from  the  foundry,  and  passing  down  through  the  yard, 
the  visitor  finds  himself  in  the  midst  of  a  complicated  maze  of 
buildings,  which  extend,  in  long  ranges,  toward  the  water,  with 
lanes  and  passages  between  them,  like  the  streets  of  a 
ftown.  In  these  passages  companies  of  workmen  are  seen, 
some  going  to  and  fro,  drawing  heavy  masses  of  machinery 
upon  iron  trucks  ;  others  employed  in  hoisting  some  ponderous 
cylinder  or  shaft  by  a  crane,  or  stacking  pigs  of  iron  in  great 
heaps,  to  be  i  eady  for  the  furnaces,  which  are  roaring  near,  as 
if  eager  to  devour  them.  And  all  the  time  there  issues  from 
the  open  doors  of  the  great  boiler-shops  and  forging-shops  be- 
low, an  incessant  clangor,  produced  by  the  blows  of  the  sledgea 


ftEGULAtlON    OF    LACOK.  113 

upon  the  livets  of  the  boilers,  or  of  the  trip-hammers  at  the 
forges. 

The  motive  power  by  which  all  the  machinery  of  the  estab- 
lishment is  driven,  k  furuitiied  by  a  stationary  engine,  ia 
the  very  centre  of  the  works.  It  stands  between  two  Of  the 
principal  shops.  On  the  right  is  seen  the  boiler,  and  on  the 
left,  the  engine. 

"  This  central  engine,  since  it  carries  all  the  machinery  of  the 
works,  by  means  of  which  every i bin g  is  formed  and  fashioned, 
is  the  life  and  soul  of  the  establishment — the  mother,  in  fact,  ot 
all  the  monsters  which  issue  from  it ;  and  it  is  impossible  to 
look  upon  her,  as  she  toils  on  industriously  in  her  daily  duty, 
and  think  of  her  Titanic  progeny,  scattered  now  over  every 
ocean  on  the  globe,  without  a  certain  feeding  of  respect,  and 
even  of  admiration 

"The  number  of  men  employed  at  the  Novelty  Works,  is 
from  one  thousand  to  twelve  hundred.  These  are  all  men,  in 
the  full  vigor  of  life.  If,  now,  we  add  to  this  number  a  proper 
estimate  for  the  families  of  these  men,  and  for  the  mechanics 
and  artizans  who  supply  their  daily  wants,  all  of  whom  reside 
in  the  streets  surrounding  the  ^vorks,  we  shall  find  that  the 
establishment  represents,  at  a  moderate  calculation,  a  popula- 
tion of  ten  thousand  souls. 

"  The  proper  regulation  of  the  labors  of  so  large  a  body  of 
workmen  au  are  employed  in  such  an  establishment,  requires, 
of  course,  much  system  in  the  general  arrangements,  and  very 
constant  and  careful  supervision  on  the  part  of  those  intrusted 
with  the  charge  of  the  various  divisions  of  the  work.  The  es- 
tablishment forms,  in  fact,  a  regularly  organized  community, 
having,  like  any  state  or  kingdom,  its  gradations  of  rank,  its 
established  usages,  its  written  laws,  its  police,  its  finance,  its 
records,  its  rewards,  and  its  penalties.'' 

As  we  passed  on  we  saw  the  great  skeletons  of  ships,  gaunt 
and  vast,  lying  upon  the  stocks.  Hundreds  of  men  were  at 
work  upon  them,  and  the  bustling  activity,  and  the  noisy  hum 
of  labor  were  pleasing  to  the  sight  and  t-ar. 

"John,''  said  Jonathan,  "  I  have  never  visited  a  ship -yard, 
and  I  should  like  to  do  so  very  much.' ' 


114  A    REPRESEXTATiVE    AMERICAN. 

"  Then  you  shall  do  so  now,  more  especially  us  we  are  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  representative  ship  builder's  yard  of  America." 

*'  Indeed,  then  I  am  fortunate." 

"I  mean  the  ship-yard,  at  the  foot  of  Sixth  street,  of  Mr. 
William  H.  Webb,  a  builder  who  has  constructed  more  ships 
than  any  other  man  in  America." 

"  How  many  has  he  built  altogether  ?  " 

"  One  hundred  and  twenty-nine  vessels  in  his  own  yard,  and 
a  large  number  in  other  yards,  making,  as  I  have  just  now 
eaid,  an  aggregate  of  tonnage  larger  than  any  other  American 
ship-builder." 

"That  is  something  to  say, for  ships  go  much  toward  making 
a  country  prosperous." 

"His  latest  triumph  in  the  way  of  marine  architecture  is  the 
United  States  steam  ram  Dunderberg,  launched  on  Saturday 
morning,  July  22,  1865." 

"  I  have  read  of  her  in  the  newspapers,  and  from  all  accounts 
she  must  be  a  wonderful  vessel." 

"  She  is  an  iron-clad  frigate  ram,  of  seven  thousand  tons 
displacement,  five  thousand  tons  registered  tonnage,  and  of 
very  peculiar  construction.  She  is  the  most  powerful  and  for- 
midable vessel  of  her  kind  afloat,  and  the  famous  iron-clads  of 
France  or  England  cannot  begin  to  compare  with  her." 

"  If  England  does  not  look  out  she  will  lose  the  suptemacy 
of  the  seas.' ' 

"  If  she  has  not  already  done  so  ;  and  how  has  she  done  so  ? 
I  will  tell  you.  By  the  skill,  enterprise  and  energy  of  such 
men  as  Mr.  Webb,  of  whom  Americans  are  justly  proud." 

*'  How  many  guns  will  the  Danderherg  carry  ?" 

"  Her  armament  will  consist  of  four  15-inch  Rodman's,  and 
from  twelve  to  fourteen  11- inch  Dahlgreen  guns.  " 

"  Goodness  gracious  !  sufficient  to  sink  any  ordinary  ship  in 
a  few  seconds.'' 

"  And  that  is  what  she  is  made  for.  Her  dimensions  are  as 
follows  :  length,  380  feet  4  inches;  beam,  72  feet  10  inches  ; 
height  of  casemate  inside,  7  feet  9  inches  ;  length  of  ram-bow, 
60  feet,  and  the  iron  armor  upon  her  weighs  1,000  tons." 

"  She  must  be  of  immense  draft." 


A    SUCCESSFUL    CAREER.  Il5 

"No,  not  so  great  as  one  would  suppose,  drawing,  when 
ready  for  sea,  only  21  feet.  She  has  six  main,  aud  two  donkey 
boilers.  The  engines  are  horizontal,  back-action,  condensing, 
with   two   100-inch   cylinders,  and  45-inch  stroke  of  piston. 


Steamsliip  "  Constitution,"  built  for  the  Pacific  M.  S.  Co.,  launched  by  'Wm.  H.  Webb,  1S60. 

The  propeller  is  31  feet  in  diameter,  and  has  a  varying  pitch  of 
from  27  to  30  feet,  and  weighs  34,580  pounds.  Her  coal-bunkers 
will  accommodate  1,000  tons  of  coal,  sufficient  for  10  to  15  days 
steaming.'' 

By  this  time  we  had  reached  the  yard,  and  Jonathan  watched 
with  eager  curiosity,  the  busy  workmen,  active  as  so  many 
beavers,  engaged  upon  the  construction  of  a  ship  that,  with 
ribs  all  bare  and  bleak,  lay  upon  the  stocks. 

*•'  If  you  like,"  I  said  to  Jonathan,  "  I  will  give  you  a  short 
sketch  of  Mr.  Webb's  most  successful  career." 

'*  Nothing  I  should  like  better,''  he  replied. 

So,  seating  ourselves  upon  a  heavy  beam  of  timber,  I  com- 
menced : 

"  William  H.  Webb,  the  eminent  American  ship-builder,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  June  19, 1816.  The  family  came 
from  Connecticut,  but  was  of  English  extraction.  His  father 
was  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Webb  &  Allen,  ship- 
builders in  New  York,  and  William,  who  had  served  his  ti:ne 
with  them  at  his  father's  dock,  soon  after  became  a  partner 
in  the  buiine^s.  This  was  in  1849,  and  this  is  the  same  ship- 
yard.'' 

"Then  Mr.  Webb  has  been  twenty -six  years  in  business  ?'* 


116      LAUNCH  OP  THE  GKXERAL  ADMIRAL. 

'  *  Yes.  Three  years  later,  M».  Allen  retired  with  a  fortune, 
leaving  the  business  entirely  in  Mr.  Webb's  hands.  Having  a 
great  ambition  to  build  a  new  vessel,  in  1851  he  applied  to  the 
proper  officials  of  the  American,  French  and  Eussiau  Govern- 
ments, for  a  contract  to  build  a  frigate,  but  \rithout  success. 
During  the  next  year  he  dispatched  a  special  agent  to  St. 
Petersburg  to  press  the  matter  there  ;  later,  he  sent  a  second 
agent,  and  at  length,  notwithstanding  a  great  pressure  of  busi- 
ness at  home,  went  himself  to  the  Eu^sian  capital." 

•'A  true  American.  The  more  difficulties  the  more  deter- 
mined to  overcome  them." 

"  At  last,  after  about  two  m'onths  of  hard  work,  he  had  made 
so  favorable  an  impression  on  the  Grand  Duke  (Constantine) 
that  the  latter  obtained  from  the  Emperor  Nicholas  an  order 
for  Webb  to  build  in  New  York  for  the  Eussian  Government, 
one  line  of-battle  ship  of  ninety  guns,  and  for  its  delivery  at 
Cronstadt,  with  a  large  quantity  of  ship  timber." 

'•Go  on,"  commanded  Jonathan  somewhat  excitedly  "' 
am  becoming  quite  interested." 

"  He  returned  to  America,  and  preparations  for  the  building 
of  the  ship  were  commenced  at  Mr.  Webb's  yard,  but  delays 
occurred  by  reason  of  the  want  of  definite  instructions  on  the 
part  of  the  Eussian  naval  officers  sent  out  to  superintend  the 
work,  and  subsequently  on  account  of  the  war  between  Eussia 
and  the  Allied  Powers  of  France  and  England.  At  the  close 
of  the  war,  Mr.  Webb  was  directed  to  go  on  and  build  a  ship 
with  a  less  number,  but  larger  guns.  The  keel  of  the  General 
Admiral  was  laid  September  21,  1857,  in  the  presence  of  a  large 
concourse  of  people,  including  the  Eussian  Minister,  Baron  de 
Stofkle,  his  suite,  and  various  Eussian  naval  officers.  The 
launch  took  place  exactly  one  year  later,  and  the  vessel  was 
completed  and  sent  to  Eussia  in  1859.  TUe  General  Admiral 
was  of  about  six  thousand  tons  burden,  carrying  seventy-two 
guns,  and  fully  met  the  expectations  o^  the  Eussian  Govern- 
ment." 

"  Of  course,  that  was  to  be  expected." 

"  From  1861  to  1863,  Mr.  Webb  was  engaged  in  the  construc- 
tion of  two  iron-clad  frigates  of  six  thousand  tons,  for  the 


A   REPRESENTATIVE    AMERICAN.  117 

Italian  Government.  The  work  on  tht  se  vtsscls  was  prosecuted 
during  the  cfiiatoitoiis  rebellion  without  interruption,  and  the 
ships,  on  their  delivtiy  to  the  Italian  Government,  provolied 
the  most  unbounded  admiration.'' 

Jonathan  was  about  to  iuten-uptme,  but  I  silenced  him  with 
a  motion  of  my  hand,  and  continued. 

"  Mr.  Webb  is  truly  a  lepresentative  American.  Ilis  aston- 
ishing career,  his  bold  claim,  not  only  for  superiority  over 
native  but  foreign  ship-builders,  and  his  determination,  at 
every  hazard  and  every  cost,  to  demonstrate  all  this  to  the 
world,  have  proved  him  largely  animated  by  the  soaring  ambi- 
tion common  to  his  naiion.'' 

''That's  so  " 

''  And  now  let  us  sum  up  what  he  has  done  for  the  naval 
architecture  of  the  world.  He  built  a  vessel  which  is  the  pride 
of  the  Eussian  navy  ;  he  has  placed  two  splendid  iron-clad 
frigates  in  the  navy  of  Italy,  and  now  he  contributes  a  new 
marvel  to  the  navy  of  his  own  proud  country.  He  has  been 
enabled  to  do  this  because  he  was  one  of  the  born  geniuses  of 
the  laud,  and  because  he  determined  to  make  his  talents  a  new 
source  of  Ameriian  renown." 

"Such  a  man,"  exclaimed  Jonathan  enthusiastically,  **is 
part  of  the  history  of  the  country." 

I  was  of  the  same  opinion. 

*'  At  Pier  54,  is  where  all  the  Italian  marble  is  landed  that  is 
brought  into  this  port.  Those  great  blocks  you  see  before  you 
are  destined  to  grow  into  life  under  the  chisel  of  American 
sculptors." 

"What!  those  unshapely  blocks  of  stone  to  be  converted 
into  works  of  art,  it  seems  almost  incredible.'' 

*'  r>ut  nevertheless  it  is  true.  And  here  are  the  dry  or  sectional 
docks,  most  important  adjuncts  to  a  mercantile  marine,  where 
damaged  or  leaky  sh  ps  are  taken  and  repaired.  There  are  two 
companies  owning  these  docks,  the  '  Sectional  Dock  Company,' 
and  the  '  New  York  Balance  Dock  Company,'  and  have  accom- 
modation for  five  vessels." 

' '  What  a  number  of  men  there  are  employed  on  a  ves- 
Bel!" 


lis  A   filO  llAtlL. 

"Yes,  it  is  no  tiniisxual  sight  to  Bee  two  or  three  hundred  m6n 
at  once  at  work  on  a  ship's  bottom.  The  largest  of  these 
docks  is  300  feet  in  length,  and  has  a  lifting  power  of  4,000 
tons  ;  the  power  iised  is  steam,  and  four  men  can  lift  the  largest 
ship  out  of  the  water  with  the  greatest  ease — of  course  that  is 
"with  the  aid  of  the  engine.'* 

"  You  don't  imagine,'*  said  Jonathan  laughing,  "  that  I  sup- 
posed for  a  minute  that  four  men  could  lift  a  ship  without  that 
aid?" 

"If/'  I  continued,  paj^ing  no  heed  to  my  companion's  re- 
mark, *'  a  vessel  presents  itself  in  a  sinking  condition,  and  the 
docks  are  full,  a  certificate  to  that  effect  will  procure  her  admis- 
sion to  the  United  States  eectional  dock,  at  the  Navy- Yard, 
Brooklyn,  but  not  otherwise." 

"  What  do  they  charge  for  hoisting  out  a  vessel  ?  " 

"  Twenty-five  cents  per  ton  for  sailing  vessels  and  fifty  cents 

for  steamers.     At  Pier  3D  are  the  '  Hydrostatic  Lifting  Docks  ;* 

pier  No.   34    is  the  Catharine  Ferry  to  Brooklyn,    and  pier 

No.  33  is  where  the  oysters  come  in  by  the  hundreds  of  tons." 

"We  walked  on. 

"Pier  No.  32  is  another  ferry  to  Hunter's  Point;  pier  29 
another  ferry  to  Williamsburg  and  Bridge  street,  Brooklyn. 
And  here,  at  the  foot  of  Beekman  street,  was  started  the  first 
ferry  to  Brooklyn,  in  1642.  From  that  time  the  Brooklyn  ferry 
became  an  established  fact,  and  was  removed  to  Fulton  street 
some  thirty  or  forty  years  ago.'' 

*•'  John,''  said  Jinathau,  looking  up  into  my  face,  "  I  think 
an  oyster  would  do  me  good." 

"  And  I  am  also  under  the  impression  that  a  good  roast  or  a 
stew  would  do  me  good.  More  especially  as  we  are  at  Fulton 
Market,  and  it  is  only  here  that  oysters  can  be  obtained.'' 

"Why,  John,  how  you  talk  !  I  am  sure  I  have  seen  in  the 
course  of  our  walks  no  end  of  oyster  saloons!" 

"  So  you  have  ;  but  what  I  have  t^poken  I  have  said  advisedly, 
there  is  no  place  to  get  oysters  in  New  York  save  Fulton  Mar- 
ket." 

"I  did  not  know,"  remarked  Jonathan,  slyly,  *'  that  Fulton 
was  an  oyster  market.'' 


THE    DIFEERENCE    IN    STEWS.  110 

*'  Neither  is  it,  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  term,  hut  I  alhide 
more  particularly  to  the  stand  ;  or,  more  pi'operly  speakvig 
to  the  Oyster  Saloon  of  Messrs.  Dorian  &  Shaffer,  situated  at 
the  south-eastern  portion  of  the  market.' 

"Messrs.  Dorian  &  Shaffer,''  said  Jonathan,  inquiringly, 
*'  who  are  they?'' 

"  My  dear  fellow,"  I  replied,  somewhat  sternly,  "never  ask 
that  question  again.  Not  to  know  them,  is  to  argue  yourself 
unknown." 

Jonathan  faltered  out  something  about  excusing  him. 

"They  are,"  I  continued,  "one  of  the  institutions  of  New 
York,  and  New  York  cannot  he  accounted  seen  unless  a  visit  is 
paid  to  them." 

"  Then,  how  fortunate  I  suggested  oysters." 

I  allowed  Jonathan  to  take  the  praise  to  himself ;  hut,  if  the 
truth  was  told,  I  was  about  doing  the  same  myself. 

"  At  my  house,''  I  went  on,  "since  you  have  been  staying 
with  me,  you  have  eaten  oysters  in  nearly  every  style,  and  con- 
sidered my  stews  as  near  perfection  as  possible  '' 

"  So  I  did,  so  I  did  ;"  and  Jonathan  smacked  his  lips  at  the 
recollection. 

"They  were  nothing  of  the  kind.  Good,  I  admit;  but  as 
to  being  perfection  !     Nonsense  ! '' 

This  cost  me  a  hard  struggle  to  admit ;  for,  be  it  known,  if 

there  is  one  thing  I  pride  myself  on  more  than   another,  it  is 

my  stews. 

"If  any  boay  else  had  said  that,  John,  I  think  I  should 

have  quarrelled  with  him." 

"  I  don't  know  how  it  is,  or  why  it  should  be,"  I  resumed, 
"  but  what  I  am  about  to  state  will,  I  presume,  be  indorsed  by 
all  New  Yorkers,  or,  indeed,  I  might  say,  by  all  oyster-eaters 
that  ever  visited  this  city." 

"And  that  is?" 

"  It  is  impossible  to  get  a  roast,  a  stew,  or  a  fry  in  your  own 
house  in  the  same  manner  you  do  at  Dorian  and  Shaffer's. 
Whether  it  is  in  the  style  of  cooking,  or  what,  I  cannot  tell, 
but  certain  it  is,  the  fact  stands  as  I  have  related." 

"  You  know  *  the  proof  of  the  pudding  is  in  the  eating,'  so  I 
will  decide  by-an'-by." 


120  A    BEVY    OF    BEAUTY. 

By  this  time  we  had  reached  the  saloon,  and  my  friend  Jona- 
than was  at  once  struck  with  the  extreme-  neatness  and  capa- 
ciousness. At  least,  capacious  for  a  stand  in  Fulton  Market, 
for  one  hundred  persons  can  be  seated  and  ferved  with  crusta- 
cean delicacies  at  one  and  the  same  time. 

We  commenced  on  a  stew,  accompanied  by  a  "toby  "  of  ale. 
Our  order  was  taken  by  a  neat,  active  attendant,  attired  in  a 
blue  checked  apron  and  sleeves,  who,  apparently,  b^-fore  we 
could  say  ^' Jack  Robinson" — supposing  we  had  wished  to 
utter  that  gentleman's  name — placed  the  desired  articles  be- 
fore us. 

Jonathan  was  astonished .  at  the  celerity  with  which  our 
■wishes  were  executed,  and  strongly  asseverated  it  was  like 
magic. 

"  Quickness  is  a  necessity  here,"  I  remarked  ;  "  if  the  orders 
•were  not  served  expeditiously,  one  half  of  their  customers  could 
not  be  supplied.'' 

"  That  I  believe,  judging  from  the  people  who  are  now  present 
appeasing  their  gastronomic  propensities  with  bivalves.'' 

"Why,  between  the  hours  of  six  and  twelve,  v.  m.,  no  less 
than  between  three  and  four  hundred  iadits  have  been  known 
to  visit  here,  and  partake  of  oysters,  in  one  form  or  another.  Of 
course,  these  were  attended  by  cavaliers,  swelling  the  number 
to  no  doubt,  nearly  a  thousand.' ' 

*'  From  such  a  business  their  receipts  must  be  enormous." 

"  They  are  ;  on  an  average  nearly  fifteen  hundred  dollars  be- 
ing taken  daily." 

**  You  surprise  me.     Shall  we  try  a  roast?" 

I  acquiesced. 

Some  of  the  most  noted  people  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn 
come  here  for  oysters.  Lawyers,  politicians,  literary  men, 
editors,  divines,  and  merchants,  all,  all  visit  this  establish- 
ment, and  indulge  in  their  fondness  for  this  delightful  shell- 
fish." And,  as  I  spoke,  I  poised  a  beauty  on  the  end  of  my 
fork,  previous  to  swallowing  it. 

"  Are  there  any  celebrities  here  now?''  queried  Jonathan,  la 
an  audible  whi.-i-er. 

♦'Hush  !  not  so  loud.    I  will  look  in  a  minute." 


NOTABLE    PERSONAGES.  121 

In  less  than  the  speciSed  time,  I  cast  my  eyes  around  the 
room,  and  espied  several  notables. 

"Do  you  see  that  pleasant-faced,  stoutly  builc  gentleman, 
seated  three  tables  from  us  ?' ' 

"That  one  with  rather  long  hair  ?     Yes." 

"  "Well,  he  is  the  most  popular  preacher  in  Brooklyn,  likewise 
the  editor  of  one  of  the  leading  religious  journals  of  the  citv." 

"  You  don't  mean  that's — " 

"  Don't  speak  so  loud  ;  everybody  will  hear  you." 

Jonathan  lowered  his  voice,  arid  whispered  across  the  table, 
the  name  of  one  of  our  most  famous  divines. 

"  The  same." 

"What!"  exclaimed  Jonathan,  surprised;  "he  come 
here?" 

"  And  why  not  ?  Gentlemen  of  his  cloth  must  eat  as  well 
as  you  and  me,  and  everything  here  is  as  quiet  and  as  well  con- 
ducted as  at  any  hotel  in  the  laud. ' ' 

"  That's  so.     I  spoke  without  thinking." 

"  That  lady  there,  seated  at  the  table  just  opposite  ours,  is 
one  of  the  most  popular  writers  of  the  day,  a  regular  contribu- 
tor to  Bonner's  Ledger,  and  the  authoress  of  several  popular 
works,  from  the  sale  of  which  she  has  made  a  very  comfortable 
fortune.'' 

Jonathan  gave  a  side-glance  at  the  lady  indrcateil. 

"  The  gentleman  with  her,  is  her  husband,  he  also  is  a  literary 
man,  a  historian,  and  his  lives  of  Aaron  Burr,  General  Jackson 
and  Horace  Greeley  are  among  the  standard  books  of  the  Eng- 
lish language.'' 

A  number  of  other  notable  people  were  present  whom  I 
pointed  out  for  Jonathan's  delectation. 

By  way  of  variety,  Jonathan  now  proposed  a  fry,  but  to  this 
I  turned  a  deaf  ear  ;  seeing  he  was  disappointed  at  my  refusal 
I  insisted  upon  his  taking  one,  which  he  did. 

Everything  must  have  a:i  end,  even  an  oyster  meal,  so  Jona- 
than at  last  declared  he  was  fmi.shed  and  had  enjoyed  himself 
exceedingly. 

Before  leaving  Jonathan  turned  and  took  a  last  fond  look 
and  wiped  away — not  exactly  a  tear  —but  the  crumbs  from  his 


122  SUMMER   OYSTERS. 

mouth,  and  expressed,  as  his  opinioa,  that  Dorian  &  Shaffer 
did  a  large  business. 

"  They  do.  Taking  their  wholesale  and  'retail  business  to- 
gether none  larger  ;  their  trade  extends  all  over  the  Continent 
of  America,  and  they  are  constantly  shipping  to  every  State 
and  Territory  in  the  Union  cans  and  barrels  of  oysters." 

"  Indeed,  before  leaving  I  must  get  them  to  send  a  few  cans 
on  to  my  place. ' ' 

"  It  is  genorally  supposed,"  I  continued,  "  that  no  oysters  fit 
to  eat  can  be  procured  during  the  months  of  July  and  August ; 
this  is  a  mi-take." 

"  A  mistake.  Do  not  oysters  spawn  during  the  summer 
months  ? ' ' 

• '  Yes.  But  the  oysters  that  are  eaten  during  the  months  I 
have  mentioned  are  brought  from  Virginia,  replanted  in  Prince's 
Bay,  and  dredged  fur  when  v/anted." 

"  Do  not  Virginia  oysters  spawn  at  the  same  time  as  other 
oysters  ? ' ' 

"Oh,  yes.  What  I  meant  was,  by  removing  them  the  spawn 
is  destroyed." 

"Ah,  I  see.'' 

By  this  time  we  had  left  the  market ;  looking  up  Fulton 
street  I  pointed  out  to  Jonathan  the  old  United  States  Hotel, 
at  the  corner  of  Water  and  the  above  mentioned  street. 

''  That  hotel  was  a  famous  one  in  its  day.  It  was  the  resort 
and  home  of  marine  captains»and  s^eafaring  men.  Kow  it  is  no 
longer  used  as  a  hotel,  but  is  let  out  for  ofiices." 

'' Changes  are  taking  place  every  day,"  said  Jonathan  some- 
what sententiously. 

"That's  true.  In  the  building,  at  196  Water  street,  is  the 
United  States  lunch-room,  decidedly  the  best  at  this  portion  of 
the  city,  as  the  merchants  and  clerks-in  this  vicinity  amply  testify, 
by  their  visiting  it  to  satisfy  the  cravings  of  the  inner  man.'' 

"A  large  rush  of  customers  is  a  sure  criterion  that  the  edi- 
bles and  drinkables  of  such  an  establishment  are  excellent." 

"That's  so.  The  proprietors  are  Messrs.  Andrews  «&  Terry, 
gentlemen  of  large  experience  as  caterers  for  the  appetite  of 
the  public.'' 


llilflllill^lii 


U.  S.  LUNCH  ROOMS,  196  Water  Street. 


A    GOOD     SAMPL-R.  123 

"John,"  said  Jonathan  Bolemnly,  placing  his  hand  on  the 
lower  button  of  his  waistcoat,  ''  I  think  those  oysters  want  a 
corrective.'' 

"  A  corrective  ! '' 

'•Yes.     I  always  nse  Bourbon,  what  do  you  take  ?  " 

I  could  not  help  smiling,  as  I  replied  that  Bourbon  was  also 
my  favorite  medicine. 

"And."  I  continued,  "as  we  are  now  at  91  South  street, 
kept  by  Messrs.  Farrar  &  Lyon,  we  will  just  drop  in  and  try 
so:ne  of  their  superb  old  Kentucky  whisky.'' 

"Well,"  said  Jonathan  when  he  had  tasted  it,  "this  is 
really  excellent ;  some  of  the  right  sort,  and  no  mistake." 

"  You  are  right,  it  is.  The  firm  of  Farrar  &  Lyon  have 
been  in  business  for  over  half  a  century,  consequently  they 
Lave  long  experience,  and  have  greater  facilities  for  the  transac- 
tion of  business,  and  obtaining  pure  and  genuine  articles  than 
almost  any  other  house  can  boast  of." 

"  Judging  Irom  the  sample  I  have  just  swallowed,  I  believe  it. '' 

"Before  leaving,  we  will  just  take  a  stroll  through  their 
vaults  and  store  rooms ; "  so  saying  I  led  the  way  to  escort 
Jonathan  through  the  building. 

We  taw  thousands  upon  thousands  of  cigars,  piled  box  upon 
box,  reaching  from  the  floor  to  the  ceiling  ;  barrels  upon  bar- 
rels of  liquors  and  the  most  precious  wines,  and  innumerable 
demijohns  upon  the  floors,  on  shelves,  and  suspended  on  hooks 
from  the  rafters  above. 

''  What  an  immense  stock  !  "  ejaculated  Jonathan. 

"  One  of  the  largest  in  the  trade.  Besides  the  supply  you 
see  here,  this  house  always  has  a  large  quantity  of  wines, 
liquors  and  cigars  stored  away  in  bond,  so  it  is  safe  to  calculate 
the  stock  twice  as  large  as  that  which  meets  the  eye  on  a  tour 
through  the  premises." 

"  It  must  take  a  large  capital  to  conduct  such  a  business.'' 

"  Over  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars,  I  believe,  is  the  capital 
used  by  this  house.  You  were  talking  just  now  of  the  excel- 
lence of  the  Bourbon  ?  " 

*'  I  was  John,  and  it  is  good." 

**  Then  this  may  be  a  consolation  to  3'ou  ;  wherever  you  go 


124  INFORMATION   NOTED   BY    JONATHAN. 

throughout  the  Continent  of  America,  jon  will  always  be  ena- 
bled to  procure  some  of  it." 

"  B}^  carrying  it  with  me,  I  presume  you  mean." 

"  No,  I  mean  that  Messrs.  Farrar  &  Lyon  have  customers  in 
nearly  every  town  and  city  in  the  Union,  so  you  see,  with  very 
little  difiBculty  you  can  procure  some  of  their  Bourbon." 

"  I  do  see." 

"Or,''  I  continued,  warming  with  my  theme,  **  if  business 
or  chance  should  have  you  visit  foreign  lands,  you  can  still 
obtain  a  "  smile  "  from  the  cellars  of  those  gentlemen." 

"How  so?" 

"  There  is  hardly  an  American  vessel,  either  sailing  or  steam, 
that  leaves  this  port  that  does  not  get  her  supply  of  wines, 
liquors  and  cigars  from  this  house.'' 

**  Ah,  I  see  ;  that  information  is  worth  mentally  noting.'' 

We  now  resumed  our  walk  along  the  wharves, 

"Pier  No.  26  is  now  occupied  by  the  Peck  Slip  Ferry  Com- 
pany to  Williamsburg.  This  Company  pays  to  the  city  the  sum 
of  821,000  per  annum  for  the  privilege  of  ferrying  passengers 
across  at  this  point." 

"  A  good  round  sum." 

"  Yes,,  but  the  Company  make  money  out  of  it  even  at  that. 
Piers  No.  24  and  25  are  the  docks  of  the  New  Haven  and  Hart- 
ford steamboats.  From  Piers  20  to  21  is  Burling  Slip.  Talking 
of  Burling  glip  reminds  me  ;  if  you  ever  become  thirsty  in  this 
neighborhood  drop  in  at  No.  40^-,  the  Ocean  House,  and  my  word 
for  it,  you  will  be  thoroughly  satisfied  with  what  you  obtain." 

"  Upon  my  word  John,  you  know  everything." 

Paying  no  attention  to  Jonathan's  interpolation,  I  continued. 

"  At  the  foot  of  Wall  street  is  Pier  No.  16.  From  here  start 
the  fast  sailing  Murray's  Line  of  steamships  for  Savannah. 
The  boats  are  the  Leo  and  Virgo,  both  staunch  sailing  crafts, 
and  fitted  up  with  every  convenience  for  the  accommodation  of 
passengers.     They  leave  every  Thursday  at  3  o'clock  p.  m.'' 

*'  Is  this  another  market  ? ' ' 

*•  Yes,  the  Franklin,  formerly  known  as  the  Old  Fiy  Market. 
It  was  the  first  market  established  in  this  city,  though  now  it 
is  not  much  used." 

*  *  What  great  ugly  looking  thing  is  that,  moored  off  the  pier?'' 


A    DREDGING    MACttlNE*  125 

•'  That  is  the  dredging  machine. ' ' 

"  Used  for  dredging  oysters?  " 

'*  Still  harping  on  your  oysters,  Ko  ;  it  is  commonly  called 
a  '  mud  scow,'  and  is  used  for  cleaning  the  docks  of  the  accu- 
mulated mud  and  filth,  that  is  not  worked  off  by  the  ebb  and 
flow  of  the  tide." 

"  Useful,  but  certainly  not  ornamental." 

•'At  Pier  No,  2  are  the  slips  of  the  South  and  Hamilton 
Ferries  to  Brooklyn.  On  Pier  No.  1  is  the  barge  ofiicc;,  where 
inspectors  of  customs  wait,  when  not  on  actual  duty,  to  be 
assigned  to  incoming  vessels  so  as  to  watch  over  the  interests  of 
Uncle  Sam  ;  on  this  pier  is  also  the  office  af  the  Associated 
Press,  and  in  the  boat-house  below,  the  Harbor  Police  keep  their 
boats.     Here  is  also  the  ferry  to  Staten  Island." 

'*If  I  am  not  mistaken,  this  is  the  Battery,  where  we  started 
from  this  morning  ? ' ' 

"It  is." 
.   *'I  thought  so,  and  now  John,  as  I  am  somewhat  tired,  let 
us  get  into  an  omaibusaud  ride  to  your  residence." 

"One  moment:  before  we  leave  the  wharves  and  shipping 
let  me  rectify  an  omission  I  made  passing  up  along  the  docks 
of  the  North  E,iver." 

"  An  omission !  what  was  that  ? ' ' 

"  Forgetting  to  point  out  to  you  '  The  North  American 
Lloyd  '  line  of  steamships  that  run  from  this  port  to  Bremen." 

"  Is  it  such  an  excellent  one  ?" 

"  Not  only  that,  but  it  is  the  only  purely  American  line  that 
runs  between  here  and  Europe.  All  the  mail  steamships,  for 
the  past  few  years,  to  Europe,  have  been  owned  by  foreign 
companies.  Consequently,  when  we  see  an  American  company 
Ftriving  to  break  down  this  monopoly,  we,  as  Americans, 
should  give  it  our  most  cordial  recognition. 

''  That's  most  emphatically  so." 

"The  pier  of  this  company  is  at  No.  46  North  Eiver  ;  office 
45  Beaver  street,  and  the  steamers,  carrying  the  United  States' 
mail,  leave  bi-monthly  for  Bremen,  touching  at  Cowes,  where 
passengers  for  France  and  England  are  transhipped." 

Having  had  my  say,  I  hailed  a  passing  stage,  and  getting  into 
it,  we  were  carried  up  Broadway  towards  home. 


(126) 


WALK    THE    SEVENTH. 

CHURCHES. 

It  had  been  my  intention  on  this,  the  seventh  day  of  our 
peregrinations,  to  have  taken  Jonathan  to  some  of  our  leading 
churches.  But,  upon  examinativn,  I  found  they  were  so  nu- 
merous that  it  would  be  impossible  to  visit  them  all  in  one  day. 
So  1  compromised  the  matter  by  giving  Jonathan  the  following 
list,  wbicn  IS  a  correct  one,  of  Kew  York  churches  : 

BAPTIST. 

Abyssinian,  166  TVaverly  Place  ;  W.  Spelman,  Minister, 
70  Grove  street ;  Moses  Wester,  Sexton,  at  church. 

Amity  btreet,  161  Fifth  avenue  ;  K.  Brownlow,  Sexton,  17 
Amity  Place. 

Antioch,  264  Eleecker  street ;  John  Q.  Adams,  Minister, 
63  Morton  street. 

Berean,  85  Downing  street ;  John  Cowling,  Minister,  6 
Ashland  Place  ;  William  Morgan,  Sexton,  25  Bedford  street. 

Bethesda,  Fifty-third  street,  near  Seventh  avenue ;  W.  H. 
Pendleton,  Minister ;  Azariah  Clark,  Sexton. 

Bethlehem,  395  West  Forty-fifth  istreet ;  Charles  Gayer, 
Minister ;  C.  Gauger,  Sexton,  at  church. 

Bloomingdale,  220  West  Forty  second  street ;  I.  Westcott, 
Minister,  200  W.  Forty- second  street. 

Calvary,  50  West  Twenty-third  street ;  E;  J.  W.  Buckland, 
Minister,  445  West  Twenty-third  street;  Henry  Estwick, 
Sexton,  1276  Broadway. 

Cannon  Street,  Madison  street,  corner  Governeur  ;  E.  K. 
Fuller,  Minister. 

Ebenezer,  154  West  Thirty-sixth  street;  James  C.  Gobel, 
Minister  ;  M.  A.  Quackenbush,  Sexton,  at  church. 

Fifth  Avenue,  near  West  Fort-y-sixth  street ;  Thomas  Armi- 
tage,  Minister,  350  Broome  street. 


CHURCa^S    OF   THE    CITY.  127 

Fiftli  Avenue,  near  "West  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-sixth 
street ;  Elijah  Lucas,  Minister,  West  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
fifth  street,  corner  Seventh  avenue. 

First,  354  Broome  street ;  Thomas  D.  Anderson,  Minister,  at 
church  ;  Joseph  Toung,  Sexton,  357  Broome  street. 

First  German,  19  Avenue  A ;  John  Eschman,  Minister,  19 
AveDue  A. 

First  Mariners',  Oliver  street,  corner  Henry  street ;  J.  H. 
Hodge,  Minister,  Brooklyn;  John  Davis,  Sexton,  32  Henry 
street.  • 

Free-Will  Baptist,  74  West  Seventeenth  street. 
Laight  Street,  corner  Varick  street ;  Kobert  McGonegal,  Min- 
ister, 16  Beach  street  ;  Thomas  Eichards,  Sexton,  2  Watts  street. 
Macdougal  Street,  24  Macdougal  street ;  L.  W.  Olney,  Min- 
ister ;  D.  Baschan,  Sexton,  31  Cornelia  street. 

Madison  Avenue,  corner  East  Thirty-first  street ;  Henry  G. 
Weston,  Minister,  140  East  Thirty-first  street ;  S.  Douglass, 
Sexton,  461  Third  avenue. 

North,  126  Christopher  street ;  A.  Cleghorn,  Minister. 
Pilgrim,  West  Thirty-third  street,  near  Eighth  avenue  ;  W. 
Clark,  Sexton,  377  Ninth  avenue. 

Sixth  Street,  211  Sixth  street;  J.  Senior,  Sexton,  613  Fifth 
street. 

Sixteenth  Street,  257  West  Sixteenth  street ;  W.  S.  Mikels, 
Minister,  174  West  Seventeenth  street;  James  Carpenter, 
Sexton,  147  West  Eighteenth  street. 

South,  147  West  Twenty-fifth  street ;  H.  W.  Knapp,  Min- 
ister ;  J.  Vanbrakle,  Sexton,  335  Eight.avenue. 

Stanton  Street,  36  Stanton  street ;  T.  C,  Fisher,  Sexton. 
Tabernacle,  162  Second  avenue  ;  J.  K.  Kendrick,  Minister  ; 
R.  Brownlow,  Sexton,  17  Amity  Place. 

Welsh,  141  Christie  street ;  Laban  Lewis,  Sexton,  141  Chris- 
tie street. 

Yorkville,  Ea.st  Eighty-third  street,  near  Second  avenue  ;  C. 
C.  Norton,  Minister,  East  Eighty-second  street,  near  Third 
avenue  ;  G.  Walters,  Sexton,  East  Eightieth  street,  near  Se- 
cond avenue. 

Zion  (colored,)  155  Sullivan  street;  J.  11.  Raymond,  MIq- 
ister  ;  A.  Duncan,  Sexton,  15  Laurens  street. 


128  CHITROHES   OV   THE   CITY. 


COKGREGATIONAL. 

Bethesda  (colored,)  681  Sixth  avenue  ;  C.  B.  Ray,  Minister, 
81  West  Thirty  eight  street ;  George  Rogers,  Sexton. 

Church  of  the  Puritans,  Union  Place,  corner  East  Fifteenth 
street;  G.  B.  Cheever,  Minister;  A.  A.  McGee,  Sexton,  117 
West  Thirty-third  street. 

Tabernacle,  Sixth  avenue,  corner  West  Thirty-fourth  street  ; 
J.  P.  Thompson,  Minister,  32  West  Thirty-sixth  street ;  Fre- 
derick S.  Boyd,  Sexton,  47  WestjThirty-lifth  street. 

Welsh,  o3  East  Eleventh  street ;  Evan  Griffiths,  Minister, 
171  Eighth  avenue. 

St.  John's  Forty-first  street,  near  Sixth  avenue 

DUTCH  REFORMED. 

Bloomingdale,  Broadway,  corner  West  Sixty-eighth  street  ; 
Enoch  Vanaken,  Minister,  47  West  Twenty-ninth  street. 

Collegiate,  Lafayette  Place,  corner  East  Fourth  street ;  North 
Dutch,  William  street,  corner  Fulton  street ;  Fifth  Avenue, 
corner  West  Twenty- ninth  street;  Lecture-room,  West  Forty- 
eighth' street,  near  Fifth  avenue;  Thomas  Dewitt,  123  Ninth 
street,  T.  E.  Vermilye,  20  East  Thirty-seventh  street,  T.  W. 
Chambers,  70  West  Thirty-sixth  street,  and  J.  T.  Duryea,  26 
West  Thirty-sixth  street,  Ministers  ;  Arch.  C.  Brady,  100  East 
Fourth  street ;  James  Dunshee,  22  King  street,  and  W.  J. 
Schoonmaker,  65  West  Twenty-ninth  street,  Sextons. 

Fourth  German  Mission,  112  West  Twenty-ninth  street;  J. 
H.  Oerter,  Minister,  143  West  Thirty-first  street. 

German  Evangelical  Mission,  141  East  Houston  street ;  Ju- 
lius W.  Geyer,  Minister,   215  Forsyth  street ;  William  Roth 
Sexton,  rear  of  church. 

German  Reformed  Protestant,  129  Norfolk  street ;  H,  A 
Friedel,  127  Norfolk  street;  Frederick  Tromp,  Sexton,  at 
church. 

Greenwich,  53  West  Forty-sixth  street ;  Thomas  C.  Strong, 
Minister. 

Harlem,  Third  avenue,  corner  East  One  Hundred  and  Twenty 
first  street ;  Jer.  S.  Lord,  Minister,  rear  of  church. 


CHURCHES   OF   THE   CITY.  129 

•  Manhattan,  71  Avenue  B  ;  Ebenezer  Wiggins,  Minister,  408 
Fifth  street ;  H.  Miller,  Sexton,  406  Fifth  street. 

Market  Street,  corner  Henry  street ;  J.  C.  Butcher,  Minister, 
235  Henry  street ;  T.  P  Rogers,  Sexton,  238  Clinton  street. 

Mouni  Pleasant,  158  East  Fiftieth  street ;  Isaac  M.  See,  Min- 
ister, 151  East  Fiftieth  street. 

North  Dutch.     (See  Collegiate.) 

North  West,  145  West  Twenty-third  street  ;  H.  D.  Ganse, 
Minister,  358  West  Twenty-second  street ;  W.  Allason,  Sexton, 
102  West  Twenty-fourth  street. 

Prospect  Hill,  Third  avenue,  near  East  Eighty-SoVenth  street; 
D.  McL.  Quackenbush,  Minister,  Eo.st  Eighty-sixth  street,  near 
Third  avenue  ;  J.  Chandler,  Sexton,  Third  avenue,  near  East 
Eighty-fifth  street. 

South,  Fifth  avenue,  corner  West  Twenty-first  street ;  E.  P. 
Rogers,  Minister,  6  East  Thirty-first  street ;  J.  Young,  Sexton, 
52  Third  avenue. 

Thirty-Fourth  Street,  307  West  Thirty-fourth  street ;  Peter 
Stryker,  Minister,  205  West  Thirty-first  street ;  John  Cleverley, 
Sexton,  495  Eighth  avenue. 

Twenty-First  Street,  47  West  Twenty-first  street. ;  A.  R 
Thompson,  Minister,  25  West  Twenty-seventh  street ;  J.  S. 
Brady,  Sexton,  447  West  Forty-fourth  street. 

Union,  25  Sixth  avenue ;  Isaac  L.  Hartley.,  Minister,.  147 
West  Fifteenth  street. 

Washington  Heights. 

Washington  Square,  Washington  Square,  East  corner  Wash- 
ington Place  ;  Mancius  S.  Hutton,  Minister,  115  Ninth  street ; 
Thomas  Burton,  Sexton,  next  to  church. 

FRIENDS. 

East  Fifteenth  Street,  corner  of  Rutherford  Place ;  William 
Barry,  Janitor,  at  church. 

East  Twentieth  Street,  near  Third  avenue  ;  B.  Barriogton, 
Janitor. 

West  Twenty  Seventh  Street ;  J.  W.  Onderdonk,  1,252 
Broadway. 


130  CHURCHES   OF    THE    CITY. 

JEWISH   SYNAGOGUES. 

Adaareth  El,  East  Twenty-ninth  street,  near  Third  avenue  ; 
Charles  Musch,  President,  114  Third  avenue. 

Adas  Jeshurun,  65  "West  Thirty-fourth  street ;  E.  Schwab, 
President, 

Ahawath  Chesed,  Avenue  C,  corner  of  East  Fourth  street ; 
Ignatz  Stein,  President ;  D.  Nessler,  sexton,  41  Avenue  C. 

Anshi  Bikur  Cholim,  Ridge  street,  corner  of  East  Houston 
street ;  M.  Westheimer,  President. 

Anshi  Chesed,  146  Norfolk  street ;  M.  Schwab,  President ; 
A.  Sternberg,  Eeader  ;  Simon  Hermann,  sexton,  146  Norfolk 
street. 

Beth  Cholim,  138  West  Twenty-eighth  street ;  B.  Nathan 
President. 

Beth  Joseph,  45  East  Broadway  ;  A.  Alexander,  President. 

Beth  EI,  176  West  Thirty-third  street;  Jacob  Lewis,  Presi- 
dent ;   Jacob  Bergmanu,  sexton,  171  West  Thirty-third  street. 

Beth  Hamidrash,  78  Allen  street ;  B.  Goldstein,  President ; 
A.  Jacobs,  sexton,  78  Allen  street. 

Beth  Hamidrash  Second,  157  Chatham  street ;  Isadore 
Eaphael,  President. 

Beth  Israel  Bikur  Cholim,  56  Chrystie  street ;  S.  Kreuter, 
President ;  I.  Bielefeld,  sexton,  56  Chrystie  street. 

Bikur  Cholim,  U-Kadischa,  63  Chrystie  street ;  Levy, 

President ;  J.  Keiser,  sexton. 

Bnai  Israel,  41  Stanton  street ;  E.  N.  Ezekiels,  President ; 
K.  Pose,  sexton,  41  Stanton  street. 

Bnai  Jeshurun,  145  West  Thirty-fourth  street ;  Israel  J. 
Solomon,  President ;  M.  J.  Eaphall,  Eabbi  Preacher,  46  West 
Washington  Place ;  J.  Kramer,  Blinister,  174  West  Thirty- 
third  street ;  J.  Joel,  sexton,  at  the  church. 

Bnai  Sholom,  127i  Columbia  street;  A.  Bar,  President,  405 
East  Houston  street. 

Mischkan  Israel,  Allen  street,  corner  of  Grand  street. 

Poel  Zedeck,  West  Twenty-ninth  street,  corner  of  Eighth 
avenue  ;  D.  Kempner,  President. 

Eodeph  Shalom,  8  Clinton  street ;  S.  Hyman,  President ;  J. 
Kimmelstiel,  sexton,  at  the  church. 


CHURCHES   OF   THE    CITY.  131 

Shaarai  Berocho,  275  Ninth  street  ;  J.  Abrahams,  President ; 
S.  Sachs,  sexton,  121  First  avenue. 

Shaarai  Each  Mim,  156  Attorney  street  ;  N.  Sonneberg, 
President,  115  Avenue  C  ;  D.  Frank,  Reader  ;  D.  S'.raus,  sex- 
ton, iG9  Second  street. 

Shaarai  Tephihi,  1,306  Broadway  ;  T.  L.  Solomons,  Presi- 
dent; S.  M.  Isaacs,  Minister,  145  West  Fotty-sixlh  street;  J. 
Bildersee,  sexton,  at  the  church. 

Shaarai  Zedek,  38  Henry  street  ;  S.  D.  Moss,  President. 

Shaaer  Hasharaoin,  91  Eivingtou  street;  H  Eckstein,  Presi- 
dent ;  R.  Lasker,  IMinister  ;   Isaac  Fink,  sexton,  at  the  church. 

Shearith  Israel,  West  Nineteenth  street  near  Fifth  avenue  ;  I. 
Abecasi.-5,  President ;  J.  J.  Lyons, .Minister,  77  Seventh  avenue  ; 
S.  Isaacs,  sexton. 

Temple,  84  East  Twelfth  street ;  A.  Michelbacher,  President ; 
Samuel  Adler,  Rabbi,  124  East  Thirty-first  street;  A.Rubin, 
Reader  ;  S.  Kakek  s,  sexton,  324  Third  avenue. 

LUTHERAN 

Lutheran,  Avenue  B,  corner  of  Ninth  street  ;  F.  W.  Fo'eh- 
lin,'er,  Minister.  303  Ninth  street. 

St.  James',  103  East  Fifteenth  street ;  A.  C.  Wedekind,  Min- 
ister ;  P.  Smith,  sexton,  95  Macdougal  steet. 

St.  John's,  81  Christopher  street  ;  A.  H.  M.  Held,  Minister, 
290  Bleeker  street  ;  Peter  Asmussen,  sexton,  343  Bleeolier 
street. 

St.  Luke's  208  West  Forty-third  street  ;  G.  W.  Drees,  Minis- 
ter, 09  West  Forty-first  street ;  J.  Burckhardt,  sexton.  447  Ninth 
avenue. 

St.  Marcus',  62  Sixth  street;  H.  Ragener,  Minister,  138 
Second  street ;  John  Theisz,  sexton,  238  Ninth  street. 

St.  Matthew's,  Walker  street,  corner  of  Cortlandt  alley  ;  C. 
F.  E.  Stohlmann,  Minister,  167  Mott  street  ;  Charles  F.  Hobe, 
sexton. 

St.  Paul's  226  Sixth  avenue  ;  F.  W.  Geissenhainer,  M  nister, 
76  East  Fourteenth  street;  John  Fackiner,  sexton,  112  West 
Fifteenth  street. 


132  CHURCHES   OF    THE   CITY.  ' 

St.  Peter's,  125  East  Fiftieth  street ;  C.  Henicke,  Minister, 
house  Dext  the  church  ;  C.  Heckel,  sexton,  218  East  Fifty- 
second  street. 

Yoikville,  East  Eighty-seventh  street,  near  Fourth  avenue  ; 
G.  J.  Rentz,  Minister,  Fourth  avenue,  near  East  Eighty-ninth 
street. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL.  f 

Presiding  Elders :  Kew  York  Distnct,  M.  D.  C.  Crawford, 
237  West  Nineteenth  street ;  New  Yorlc  East  District,  E.  E. 
Gr  is  wold. 

Alanson,  55  Norfolk  street  ;  parsonage,  155  Clinton  street 
T.  R.  Ryers,  sexton,  65  Norfolk  street. 

Alien  Street,  126  Allen^strqet ;  parsonage,  128  Allen  street ; 
J.  L.  Kellogg,  sexton,  61  First  street. 

Bedford  Street,  28  Morton  street ;  parsonage,  47  Morton^treet ; 
Bfekman  Hill,  East  Fiftieth  street,  near  hecond  avenue. 

Bethel  Ship,  foot  of  Carlisle  street  ;  0.  G.  Hedstrom,  minis- 
ter Jersey  City. 

Central,  44  Seventh  avenue  ;  parsonage,  46  Seventh  avenue  ; 
James  Anderson,  sexton,  379  Bleekei  street. 

Central  Paik  Misbion.,  Third  avenue,  corner  of  East  Seventieth 
gtreet. 

Duane  Street,  291  Hud^on  street. 

EighteeiiiU  Strert,  193  West  Eighteenth  street ;  parsonage, 
191  \Ve.<t  Eighteenth  street ;  J.  B.  Smith,  sexton,  169  West 
Eighteenth  street. 

Fiftieth  Street,  Lexington  avenue,  corner  East  Fifty-second 
street ;  Par>onage.  114  tasL  Fiftieth  street  ;*  C.  Stockinger,  sex- 
ton. 773  Third  avenue. 

Fifty-thinl  Street,  133  West  Fifty-third  street ;  parsonage, 
137  West  Filty-third  street. 

Forsyth  Street,  10  Forsyth  street ;  parsonage,  12  Forsyth 
ptrcpt;  P    Beacb,  sexton,  rear  11  Eldiidge  street. 

i't^ity  third  Street,  177  West  Forty-tliird  street ;  parsonaire, 
175  Wesl  Forty-iiiird  street ;  J.  Lapthorn,  sexton,  1824  West 
.  orty- fourth  street 

German,  252  Second  street;  parsonage,  256  Second  street; 
J.  Muck,  seiiton,  256  Second  street. 


CHURCHES    OF    THE    CITY.  133 

German  Mission,  222  West  Fortieth  street. 

Greene  Street.  59  Greene  street  ;  parsonage,  57  Greene  street. 

Harlem,  East  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- fifth  street,  near 
Third  avenue  ;  parsonage,  East  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
seventh  street,  near  Third  avenue  ;  W.  H.  Ferine,  sexton,  1,946 
Third  avenue. 

Hedding,  170  East  Seventeenth  street ;  parsonage,  168  East 
Seventeenth  street ;  J.  Barry,  sexton,  42G  Second  avenue. 

Jane  Street,  13  Jane  street ;  parsonage,  11  Jane  street. 

Janes  Mission,  4G1  West  Forty-fourth  street. 

John  Street,  44  John  street ;  Henry  Davis,  sexton,  453 
Greenwich  street. 

Ladies'  Home  Mission,  61  Park  street. 

Kose-Hill,  125  East  Twenty-seventh  street ;  parsonage,  123 
East  Twenty-seventh  street. 

St  Paul's  Fourth  avenue,  corner  of  East  Twenty-second 
street ;  parsonage.  289  Fourth  avenue  ;  T.  H.  Patterson,  sex- 
ton, 64  East  Twenty-fifth  street. 

Secona  Avenue,  corner  of  East  One  Hundred  and  Nineteenth 

street. 

Second  Street,  276  Second  street ;  parsonage,  280  Second 
street  ,  Cornelius  Waldron,  sexton,  268  Second  street. 

Seventh  Street,  24  Seventh  street ;  parsonage,  22  Seventh 
street ;  E.  Lewis,  sexton,  50  Third  avenue  ;  Mission,  306  East 
Fourth  street. 

T'hirfieth  Street,  207  West  Thirtieth  street  ;  parsonage,  20.^ 

West  Thirtieth  street. 

Thirty-seventh  Street,  1^9  East  Thirty-seventh  street;  par- 
sonage, 1B3  East  Thirty-seventh  street ;   James  Mills,  sexton, 

483  Third  ixvenue.  .^^o  ^xr    i. 

Trinity  ^^48  West  Thirty-fourth  street ;  parsonage,  263  West 
Tliirty-rourth  street  -,  Thomas  Haight,  sexton,  148  West  Thirty- 
third  street.  .      ^,      ^      i. 

Twenty-fourth  Street,  251  West  Twenty-fourth  street ;  par- 
sona"-e   272  West  Twenty-fourth  street. 

Washington  Square,  137  West  Fourth  street  ;  parsonage,  80 
Macdougal  street ;  F.  C.  Senior,  sexton,  84  Bedford  street 

West  Harlem,  West  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  street, 


134  CHURCHES   OF   THE   CITY. 

near  Sixth  avenue ;  Albert  H.  "Wyatt,  Minister,  33  East  Ono 
Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  street. 

Willet  Street,  7  Wiilet  street;  parsonage,  5  Willet  street; 
Alfred  C.  Vallotton,  sexton,  14  Willet  street. 

Yorkville,  East  Eighty-sixth  street,  near  Fourth  avenue  ; 
parsonage,  next  to  the  church  ;  J.  Chapman,  sexton,  East 
Eighty-eighth  street,  near  Fourth  avenue. 

AFRICAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 

African  Union,  IGl  West  Fifteenth  street ;  E.  G.  Wilson, 
Minister. 

Bethel, .214  Sullivan  street ;  Pv.  P.  Gibhs,  Minister  ;  J.  Cooper, 
sexton,  216  Sullivan  street. 

Zion,  331  Bleecker  street ;  S.  Jones,  Minister,  76  Sullivan 
street ;  John  Darnel,  sexton,  154  Sullivan  street. 

METHODIST  PROTESTANT 

First,  87  Attorney  street ;  W.  G.  Clark,  Minister,  7  Eldridge 
street ;  Thomas  Brown,  sexton,  192  Rivin'gton  street. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

African  Union  (colored,)  157  "West  Twenty-eighth  street ;  P. 
Hopkins,  Minister. 

Allen  Street,  61  Allen  street ;  William  W.  Newell,  Minister 
66  Second  avenue  ;  J.  T.  Reed,  sexton,  81  First  street. 

Brick,  Fifth  avenue,  corner  West  Thirty-seventh  street ; 
Gardiner  Spring,  Minister,  13  West  Thirty-seventh  street ;  J. 
0.  Murray  Assistant ;  James  S.  Hull,  sexton,  65  Second  street. 

Canal  Street,  7  Green  street ;  A.  Carlyle,  sexton. 

Central,  40L  Broome  street ;  James  B  Dunn,  Minister,  186 
West  Nineteenth  street ;  P.  Hickok,  sexton. 

Clielsea,  353  West  Twenty-second  street ;  E.  D.  Smith,  Min- 
ister, 29L  West  Twenty-first  street ;  William  Stevenson ,  sexton 
446  West  Twenty-fifth  street. 

Covenant,  Fourth  avenue,  corner  East  Thirty-tifth  street, 
George  L.  Prentiss,  Minister,  70  East  Twenty-seventh  street 
C.  CuUen,  sexton. 


ciamicsEs  of  the  cjty.  135 

ChurcK  of  the  Covenant,  (colored,)  231  West  Sixteenth 
street ;  H.  M.  Wilson,  Minister^  26  Bible  house. 

Eighty-Fourth  Street,  n^^ar  Bloomingdale  road  ;  F.  L.  Patton. 

Eleventh,  East  Fiftj'-fifth  stieet,  near  Lexington  avenue;  A. 
E.  Kittredge,  Minister,  Lexington  avenue,  near  East  Fifty- 
fourth  street ;  E.  Keeler,  sexton,  157  East  Fifty-eighth  street. 

Fifteenth  Street,  71  East  Fifteenth  street  ;  Samuel  D.  Alex- 
ander, Minister,  90  East  Twenty  second  street. 

Fifth  Avenue,  corner  East  Nineteenth  street ;  N.  L.  Kice, 
Minister,  30  West  Eighteenth  street  ;  "William  Culyer,  sexton, 
231  Thompson  street. 

First,  Fifth  avenue,  corner  West  Eleventh  street  ;  William 
M,  Paxton,  Minister ;  Charles  J.  Day,  sexton,  196  West  Eigh- 
teenth street. 

Forty-Second  Street,  233  West  Forty-second  street;  W.  A. 
Scott,  Minister  ;  J.  M.  Vannett,  sexton,  117  West  Forty-first 
street. 

Fourth  Avenue,  286  Fourth  avenue ;  Howard  Crosby,  Min- 
ister. 

Fourteenth  Street,'  corner  Second  avenue ;  L.  M.  Keeler, 
Sexton,  101  East  Fourth  street. 

Fortieth  Street,  corner  Lexington  avenue  ;  Charles  B.  Hart, 
Minister,  48  West  Thirty-sixth  street. 

French  Evangelical,  9  University  Place ;  J.  B.  C.  Beaubien, 
Minister,  62  West  Fourth  street. 

German,  290  Madison  street;  Fred,  Steins,  Minister,  288 
Madison  street ;  Henzy  Oberback,  sexton,  36  Montgomery 
street. 

Grand  Street,  West  Thirty-fourth  street,  near  Broadway  ; 
John  Thompson,  Minister,  307  West  Twenty-fourth  street  ;  R. 
Eobertson,  sexton. 

Harlem,  East  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-seventh  street,  near 
Third  avenue  ;  Ezra  H.  Gillett,  Minister,  East  One  Hundred 
and  Twenty-ninth  street,  near  Fifth  avenue. 

Lexington  Avenue,  corner  East  Forty-sixth  street ;  Joseph 
Sanderson,  Minister,  rear  of  church  ;  R.  McQuhae,  sexton,  641 
Third  avenue. 

Madison  Square,  Madison  avenue,  corner  East  Tweatti-fourth 


136  CHURCHES    OF    THE    CITY. 

Btrcet ;  William  Adams,  Minister,  8  East  Twenty-fourth  stre"et ; 
James  S.  Huyler,  sextou,  235  Sullivan  street.  Mission,  419 
Third  avenue  ;  C.  H.  Payson,  Minister,  95  East  Thirty-sixth 
street. 

Manhattanville,  West  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-sixth  street, 
corner  Ninth  avenue  ;  E.  P.  Payson,  Minister. 

Mercer  Street,  near  Waverly  Place  ;  R.  R.  Booth,  Minister, 
77  Ninth  street ;  John  Calyer,  sexton,  23L  Thompson  street. 

Mission,  West  Thirty-third  street,  corner  Eighth  avenue  ;  R. 
C.  Shimeall,  Minister,  371  West  Thirty -fifth  street. 

Mission  Chapel,  107  Seventh  avenue  ;  Morse  Rowell,  Minis- 
ter. 

Mount  Washington,  near  Kingsbridge  ;  R.  W.  Dickinson, 
Minister. 

North,  Ninth  avenue,  corner  West  Thirty-first  street ;  Tho3. 
Street,  Minister,  9  Lamartine  Place  ;  Alfred  W.  Walker,  sexton, 
360  Ninth  avenue. 

Prince  Street,  corner  Marion,  (colored  ; )  J.  S.  Martin,  Min- 
ister ;  Thomas  Jackson,  sexton. 

Rutgers  Street,  Madison  avenue,  corner  East  Twenty-ninth 
street  ;  J.  M.  Krebs,  Minister,  88  East  Thirty-ninth  street ;  J. 
P.  Cantrell,  sexton,  393  Fourth  avenue.' 

Scotch,  53  V\''est  Fourteenth  street  ;  Joseph  McElroy,  Minis- 
ter, 63  West  Nineteenth  street ;  Charles  A.  Stuart,  sexton,  126 
West  Thirteenth  street. 

Seventh,  Broome  street,  corner  Ridge  street ;  Thomas  Ral- 
ston Smith,  Minister,  23  Rutgers  Place  ;  Andrew  J.  Case,  sex- 
ton, 397  Grand  street. 

Spring  Street,  216  Spring  street ;  J.  D.  Wilson,  Minister,  137 
West  Thirteenth  street ;  J.  Ford,  sexton,  30  Vandam  street. 

Thirteenth  Street,  115  West  Thirteenth  street  ;  S.  D.  Bur- 
chard,  Minister,  45  Seventh  avenue ;  J.  Hanna,  sexton,  7 
Seventh  avenue. 

Twenty-Eighth  Street,  252  West  Twenty-eighth  street  ;  W. 
B.  Sutherland,  Minister  ;  Robert  McHugh,  sexton,  at  church. 

Twenty-Third  Street,  210  West  Twenty-third  street ;  Fred.  G. 
Clark,  Minister,  201  West  Twenty-third  street ;  F.  P.  Wood, 
sexton,  296  Eighth  avenue. 


CHUIICHES   OF   TitE!    CITY.  137 

University  Place,  coraer  Tenth  street ;  A.  H.  Kellogg,  Minis- 
ter ;  N.  Wilson,  sexton,  IG  Tenth  street. 

Washington  Iljights,  Charles  A.  Sto.ldard,  Minister. 

West,  West  Forty-second  street,  near  Fifth  avenue  ;  Thomaa 
S.  Hastings,  Minister,  81  West  Forty-fifth  street  :  J.  Main, 
sexton. 

West  Fiftieth,  166  West  Fiftieth  street,  S.  B.  Bell,  Minister. 

W^estminster,  151  West  Twenty-second  street  ;  Alexander  B. 
Jack,  Minister. 

Yorkville,  147  East  Eighty-sixth  street ;  A.  P.  Botsford,  Min- 
ister, 141  East  Eighty-sixth  street ;  J,  Martin,  sexton,  Third 
avenue,  near  East  Eighty-fourth  street. 

UNITED  PRESBYTERIAN. 

Eleventh  Street,  33  East  Eleventh  street  ;  J.  A.  McGill,  Min- 
ister. 

Jane  Street,  41  Jane  street ;  John  Brash,  Minister,  202  West 
Twentieth  street ;  John  Watson,  sexton,  41  Jane  street. 

Seventh  Avenue,  29  Seventh  avenue  ;  James  Harper,  Min- 
ister ;  Charles  Ellis,  sexton,  at  church. 

Seventh,  134  West  Forty -fourth  street ;  G.  Gambell,  Minister 
435  West  Forty-fourth  street ;  J.  Whitehead,  sexton,  at  church. 

Third,  41  Charles  street ;  Hugh  H.  Blair,  Minister,  34  Perry 
street ;  Robert  Carnes,  sexton,  rear  41  Charles  street. 

West  Twenty-Fifth  Street,  101  West  Twenty-fifth  street  ; 
James  Thompson,  Minister,  241  West  Twenty-second  street ; 
W.  Cochran,  sexton,  at  church. 

ASSOCIATE  REFORMED  PRESBYTERIAN. 
Fourth,  157  Thompson  street ;  William  Freeland,  Minister, 
next  to  church  ;  Joseph  Greer,  sexton,  at  church. 

REFORMED  PRESBYTERIAN. 

First,  123  "West  Twelfth  street ;  J.  N.  McLeod,  Minister,  147 
West  Twenty-second  street. 

Second,  Clinton  Hall ;  S.  L.  Finney,  Minister,  A.  J.  Park, 
sexton. 

Second,  1G7  West  Eleventh  street ;  Andrew  Stevenson,  Min- 


138  CHURCHES  OF  the  city. 

ister,  341  "West  Twelfth  street ;  Samuel  G.  Williams,  sexton  at 
church. 

Third,  238  West  Twenty-third  street ;  J.  R.  W.  Sloane.  Min- 
ister, 203  West  Twenty-second  street ;  William  Ilill,  sexton.  lOG 
Seventh  avenue. 

Sullivan  Street,  101  Sullivan  street  ;  J.  C.  K.  Milligan,  Min- 
ister, 200  West  Twentieth  street ;  Kohert  MilforJ,  sexton,  101 
Sullivan  street. 

PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL. 

Et.  Rev.  Horatio  Potter,  Bishop,  33  West  Thirty-fourth 
street. 

Advent,  725  Sixth  avenue ;  A.  Bloomer  Hart,  Rector,  7G2 
Broadway  ;  John  Parkinson,  sexton. 

All  Angels,  West  Eighty-first,  corner  Eleventh  avenue  ;  C. 
E.  Phelps,  Rector,  near  the  church. 

All  Saints,  28G  Henry  street;  S.  J.  Corneille,  Minister,  39 
Governeur street ;  A.  W,  Fraaer,  sexton,  19  Scammel  street. 

Annunciation,  110  West  Fourteenth  street ;  S.  Seabury,  R  c- 
tor.  West  Twentieth  street,  near  Ninth  avenue  ;  E.  H.  Cressy, 
Assistant,  44  Ninth  street ;  S.  W,  Gilham,  sexton,  127  Sulli- 
van street. 

Ascension,  Fifth  avenue,  corner  Tenth  street ;  John  Cotton 
Smith,  Rector,  61  Tenth  street ;  W.  Donaldson,  sexton. 

Calvary,  Fourth  avenue,  corner  East  Twenty-first  street ;  E. 
A.  Washburn,  Rector,  64  East  Twenty-first  street ;  James 
Adair,  sexton,  351  Fourth  avenue.  Mission,  133  East  Twenty- 
third  street ;  W,  D.  Walker,  Minister,  82  East  Twenty-third 
street ;  James  Aikens,  sexton,  401  Second  avenue. 

Chapel  of  the  Holy  Comforter,  foot  of  Hubert  street,  North 
river  ;  H.  F.  Roberts,  Minister ;  Charles  Hernberg,  sexton. 

Christ,  Fifth  avenue,  corner  of  East  Thirty-fifth  street ;  F. 
C.  Ewer,  Rector,  137  We-^^t  Forty-second  street;  G.  Radan, 
sexton,  547  Sixth  avenue.  Mission,  176  West  Eighteenth 
street ;  Thomas  Cook,  Minister. 

Du  St.  Esprit,  30  West  Twenty-second  street ;  A.  Verren, 
Rector,  28  West  Twenty-second  street ;  C.  M.  Wale,  sexton, 
rear  159  West  Thirtieth  street* 


CHURCHES    OF    THE    CITY.  139 

Epiphany,  130  Stanton  street;  G.  D.  Smith,  sexton,  110 
Columbia  street. 

Good  Shepherd,  East  Fifty-fourth  street,  near  Second  avenue ; 
Ealpli  Hoyt,  Kector,  house  at  the  church. 

Grace,  800  Broadway  ;  Thomas  U.  Taylor,  Rector,  804  Brotid- 
way ;  Isaac  11.  Brown,  sexton,  94  Fourth  avenue. 

Holy  Apostles,  Ninth  avenue,  corner  of  West  Twenty-eighth 
street ;  R.  S.  Howland,  Rector,  409  West  Twenty-third  street ; 
G.  J.  Geer,  Assistant,  229  West  Twenty-seventh  street ;  Robert 
Bennet,  sexton,  239  Ninth  avenue. 

Holy  Communion,  Sixth  avenue,  corner  of  West  Twentieth 
street ;  W.  A.  Muhlenberg,  West  Fifty-fourth  street,  corner  of 
Fifth  avenue,  and  F.  E.  Lawrence,  208  Y*^est  Twentieth  street, 
Pastors  ;  J.  E.  Connor,  sexton,  113  West  Twentieth  street. 

Holy  Innocents,  94  West  Thirty-seventh  street ;  John  J.  El- 
mendorf.  Rector,  98  West  Thirty-seventh  street. 

Holy  Martyrs,  39  Forsyth  street ,  J.  Millett,  Rector,  109 
Second  avenue  ;  John  J.  Kearsing,  sexton,  220^  Broome  street. 

Holy  Trinity,  Madison  avenue,  corner  of  East  Forty-second 
S  H.  Tyng,  Jr.,  Minister,  26  East  Forty-first  street;  W,  K. 
Whitford,  sexton,  276  Sixth  avenue. 

Incarnation,  East  Thirty-fifth  street,  corner  of  Madison  ave- 
nue ;  Henry  E.  Montgomery,  Rector,  115  East  Thirtieth  street ; 
William  Lewers,  sexton,  73  West  Twenty-ninth  street. 

Intercession,  West  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-fourth  street,  cor- 
ner of  Tenth  avenue  ;,  J.  H.  Smith,  Rector,  West  One  Hundred 
and  Fifty-sixth  street,  near  Tenth  avenue. 

Madison  Street  Mission,  256  Madison  street ;  W.  A.  Stirling, 
Minister,  58  Rutgers  street. 

Mediator,  Lexington  avenue,  corner  of  East  Thirtieth  street ; 
T.  Irving,  Minister  ;  A.  H.  Langhans,  sexton. 

Memorial  Church  of  the  Rev.  H.  Anthon,  103  West  Foi;ty- 
eighth  street ;  T.  A.  Jaggar,  Minister;  W.  L.  Childs,  sexton, 
744  Sixth  avenue. 

Messiah  (colored,)  192  Mercer  street. 

Nativity,  70  Avenue  C  ;  Cabel  Clapp,  Rector,  225  Sixth  street. 

Our  Saviour  (floating,)  foot  of  Pike  street;  Robert  W. 
Lewis,  Minister,  62  Pike  street ;  John  Williams,  sexton. 


140  CHURCHES   OF    THE   CITY. 

Keconciliation,  150  East  Thirty-first  street ;  ^.  b.  Hunting" 
ton.  Minister  •.  J.  F.  Hare,  st  xton. 

Hedeemer,  East  Eighty -fiftk  street,  near  Second  avenue  S. 
C.  Thrall,  Rector,  206  East  Eighty-fourth  street ;  A.  D.  Ash- 
mead,  sexton,  1315  Third  avenue. 

I  Eedemption,  98  East  Fourteenth  street;  K.  G.  Dickson, 
■Minister,  91  East  Thirteenth  street  John  Green,  sexton,  29 
,  Third  avenue. 

f  Eesurrection,  65  West  Thirty-fifth  street ;  E.  0.  Flagg,  Eec- 
tor,  67  West  Thirty-fifth  street  J.  G.  Burdett,  sexton,  415 
West  Thirty-fourth  street. 

St.  Alban's,  Lexington  avenue,  corner  Forty-seventh  street; 
C.  W.  Morrill,  inister ;  B.  McKeever,  sexton,  736  Third 
avenue. 

St.  Andrew's,  Harlem  ;  G.  B.  Draper,  Rector,  East  One  Hun- 
dred and  Thirtieth  street,  near  Fifth  avenue. 

St.  Ann's,  7  West  Eighteenth  street*,  Thomas  Gallaudet, 
Rector,  9  West  Eighteenth  street ;  K.  Benjamin,  Assistant,  164 
East  Thirteenth  street ;  S.  M.  Ferine,  sexton,  183  Third  avenue. 
St.  Bartholomew's,  Lafayette  Place,  corner  Great  Jones 
street ;  S.  Cooke,  Rector,  60  West  Eleventh  street ;  John  Can- 
trell,  sexton,  393  Fourth  avenue. 

St,  Clement's,  108  Amity  street;  T.  A.  Eaton, Rector,  106 
West  Thirteenth  street ;  Robert  Heasley,  sexton,  374  Bleecker 
street. 

St.  George's  Chapel,  Beekman  street,  corner  Cliff  street  ; 

Sylvanus  Reed,  Minister  ;  J.  Maret.  sexton,  338  Pearl  street. 

St.  George  the  Martyr,  39  West  Forty -fourth  street ;  A.  S. 

Leonard,  Minister,  875  Broadway ;  C.  S.  Hallock,  sexton,  266 

Eighth  avenue. 

St.  George's,  Rutherford  Place,  corner  East  Sixteenth  street  ; 
Stephen  H.  Tyng,  Rector,  213  E-ast  Sixteenth  street ;  H.  T. 
Tracy,  Assistant ;  George  Briarly,  sexton,  173  Third  avenue. 
Mission  Chapel,  220  East  Nineteenth  street;  C.  S.  Stephenson, 
Minister,  124  East  Twenty -first  street  ;  T.  Tiitley,  sexton,  at 
church. 

St.  George's  German  Chapel,  East  Fourteenth  street,  near 
First  avenue ;  C.  Schramm,  Minister,  91  Second  street. 


CHURCHES    OF    THE    CITY  141 

St.  James,  East  Sixty-ninth  street,  near  Third  avenue  ;  P.  S. 
Chauacey,  Rector,  29  West  Thirty-sixth  street ;  Edward  L. 
Smith,  sexton,  100  East  Sixty-second  street.  Mission,  East 
Eighty-fourth  street,  near  Fourth  avenue, 

St.  John  Baptist,  231  Lexington  avenue  ;  C.  K.  Duffie,  Rec- 
tor, 233  Lexington  avenue;  E.  Dowkers,  sexton,  443  Third 
avenue. 

St.  John  Evangelist,  20  Hammond  street ;  W.  Coffman,  sex- 
ton, 194  Waverly  Place. 

St.  John's  46  Varick  street ;  S.  H.  Weston,  30  Laight  street, 
and  J.  F.  Young,  33J  West  Twenty-fourth  street,  Ministers  ;  A. 
Craig,  sexton,  17  Clarkson  street. 

St.  Luke's,  483  Hudson  street ;  Isaac  H.  Tuttle,  Rector,  477 
Hudson  street;  John  M.  Forbes,  Assistant  Minister,  7  Fifth 
avenue  ;  William  Ely,  sexton,  486  Hudson  street. 

St.  Mark's,  Stuyvesant  street,  near  Second  avenue ;  A.  H. 
Yintor,  Rector,  156  Second  avenue  ;  C.  L.  Carpenter,  sexton, 
24  Third  avenue.  Mission,  141  Avenue  A  ;  G.  W.  Foote,  Min- 
ister. 

St.  Mary's  Manhattanville  ;  C.  C.  Adams,  Rector. 

St.  Matthias' ,  Broadway,  corner  West  Thirty-second  street ; 
N.  E.  Cornwall,  Minister,  608  Seventh  avenue. 

St.  Michael's,  Broadway,  corner  West  Kinety-ninth  street; 
T.  McC.  Peters,  Rector,  Broadway,  corner  West  One  Hundred 
and  First  street. 

St.  Paul's,  Broadway,  corner  Vesey  street ;  B.  J.  Haight 
Minister,  56  West  Twenty-sixth  street ;  Henry  Weld.,  eexton, 
187  Fulton  street. 

St.  Paul's,  Harlem  ;  F.  M.  Serenbez,  Minister. 

St.  Peter's,  224  West  Twentieth  street ;  Alfred  B.  Beach, 
Rector,  228  West  Twentieth  street ;  Robert  Curran,  Sexton,  169 
Ninth  avenue. 

St.  Philip's  (colored,)  305  Mulberry  street;  John  Morgan, 
Minister,  762  Broadway  ;' Charles  Willets,  sexton. 

St.  Saviour's,  West  Twcnty-Biulh  street,  near  Ninth  avenue  ; 
G,  L.  Neide,  Minister,  239  Ninth  avenue. 

St.  Stephen's  120  Cl>rystie  street ;  J.  H.  Price,  Rector,  62 
Second  avenue  ;  Henry  R.  Jones,  sexton,  116  Chrystie  etreet. 


142  CHURCHES   OF   THE    CITY. 

St.  Thomas',  Broadway,  comer  "West  Houston  street ;  "W.  F. 
Morp^an,  Rector,  Astoria  ;  Benjamin  W.  "Williams,  sexton,  276 
Sixth  avenue.  Mission  Chapel,  117  Thompson  street;  F.  Sill, 
Minister,  25  Yandam  street. 

St.  Timothy's,  West  Fifty-fourth  street,  near  Eighth  avenue  ; 
G.  J.  Geer,  Eector,  229  West  Twenty-seventh  street. 

Transfiguration,  Ea.st  Twenty  ninth  street,  near  Fifth  avenue  ; 
G.  H.  Houghton,  Rector,  1  East  Twenty-ninth  street ;  J.  C. 
Eappelyea,  sexton,  411  Fourth  avenue. 

Trinity,  Broadway,  corner  Rector  street,  and  the  Chapels  of 
St.  Paul's,  St.  John's,  and  Trinity  Chapel  ;  Morgan  Dix,  Rec- 
tor, 50  Varick  street ;  F.  Vinton,  Brooklyn,  and  F.  Ogiiby,  219 
West  Twenty  third  street.  Assistant  Ministers  ;  A.  W.  Meurer, 
sexton,  Trinity  church. 

Trinity  Chapel,  15  West  Twenty-fifth  street;  E.  Y.  Iligbee, 
42  East  Thirtieth  street,  and  H.  A.  Neely,  at  church.  Ministers  ; 
Rutherford  Clarke,  sexton,  393  Fourth  avenue. 

Union  (colored,)  Second  avenue,  near  East  Eighty- fourth 
street. 

Zion,  Madison  avenue,  corner  East  Thirty-eight  street ;  Ho- 
ratio Southgate,  Rector,  72  West  Fortieth  street ;  Alexander 
Samuels,  sexton,  83  West  Thirty-eighth  street. 

Zion  Chapel,  557  Third  aven;;e  ;  John  Boyle,  Minister,  179 
East  Forty-fii-st  street. 

ROMAN    CATHOLIC. 

Annunciation  B.  V.  M.,  West  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-first 
street,  near  Broadway  ;  John  Breen,  Priest. 

Assumption,  West  Forty-ninth  street,  near  Ninth  avenue  ; 
Benedict  Strochle,  Priest. 

Holy  Cross,  335  West  Forty-second  street ;  Patrick  McCarthy, 
Priest,  331  West  Forty-second  street  ;  Michael  Hayes,  sexton, 
592  Eighth  avenue. 

Immaculate  Concept'lon,  245  East  Fourteenth  street ;  W.  P. 
Morrogh,  Priest,  243  East  Fourteenth  street. 

Most  Holy  Rt^deemer,  1G5  Third  street ;  L.  Petsch,  Priest, 
173  Third  street ;  J.  Hoffman,  sexton,  196  Third  street. 

Nativity,  46  Second  avenue ;    George  McClosky,  Priest,  44 


CHURCHES    OF    THE    CITY  143 

Second  avenue  ;   Michael  McCiovera,   sexton,  45  Second  ave- 
nue. 

St.  Paul's,  West  Fifty-ninth  street,  near  Ninth  avenue  ;  I. 
T.  Hecker,  Priest. 

St.  Alphonsus,  10  Thompson  street ;  served  from  church  of 
Most  Holy  Eedeemer. 

St.  Andrew's  Duane  street,  corner  City  Hall  place  ;  Michael 
Curran,  Priest,  31  City  Hall  Place  ;  T.  Hamill,  sexton,  17  City 
Hall  place. 

St.  Ann's,  140  Eighth  street;  T.  S.  Preston,  Priest,  145 
Eighth  street  ;  M.  Fox,  sexton,  at  the  church. 

St.  Boniface,  East  47th  street,  near  Second  avenue  ;  M.  Nicot, 
Priest,  181  Eixst  Forty-seventh  street. 

St.  Bridget's,  Avenue  B,  corner  of  Eighth  street;  Thomas 
J.  Mooney,  Priest,  119  Avenue  B  ;  Isaac  Brown,  sexton,  1  Lean- 
dert's  place. 

St.  Colomba's,  S89  West  Twenty-fifth  street;  M.  McAleer/ 
Priest,  343  West  Twenty  fifth  street ;  Daniel  Quinn,  sexton, 
333  "West  Twenty-fifth  street. 

St.  Francis  (German),  93  West  Tliirty-first  street ;  A. 
Pfeifler,  Pliest,  89  West  Thirty-first  street. 

St.  Francis  Xavier,  30  West  Sixteenth  street ;  J.  Loyzance, 
Priest,  40  West  Fifteenth  street ;  James  Dowd,  ses:ton,  119  West 
Eighteentli  street. 

St.  GibriePs,  East  Thirty-seventh  street,  near  Second  avenue  ; 
W.  11.  dowry.  Priest,  GG3  Second  avenue. 

St.  James',  32  James  street:  J.  Brennan,  Priest,  house  23 
Oliver  street. 

St.  John  B.xptist  (German),  125  West  Thirtieth  street  •  Au- 
gustin  Dantncr,  Priest,  127  West  Thirtieth  street. 

St.  John  Evangelist,  East  Fiftieth  street,  near  Fifth  avenue  ; 
James  McMihon,  Priest, house  near  the  church  ;  J.  Smith,  sex- 
ton, 733  Third  avenue. 

St.  Joseph's,  Sixth  avenue,  corner  of  Yi^est  Washington  place  ; 
Thomas  Farrell,  Priest,  49  West  Washington  nlacc  ;  Nicholas 
Waloh,  sexton,  8  Sixth  avenue. 

St  Joseph's  (German),  West  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth 
street,  near  Ninth  avenuo  ;  F.  A.  Gerber,  Priest. 


144  CHURCHES   OF    THE    CITY. 

St.  Lawrence,  East  Eighty-fourth  street,  near  Fourth  avenue ; 
S.  Mnlledy,  Priest;  T.  fliley,  sexton,  East  Eighty-third  street, 
near  Third  avenue. 

St.  Mary's,  438  Grand  street;  Michael  McCarron,  Priest,  11 
Ridge  street ;  J.  Terrell,  sexton. 

St.  Michael's,  265  West  Thirty-first  street;  Arthur  J.  Don- 
nelly, Priest,  2G1  West  Thirty-first  street;  J.  McGee,  sexton, 
833  Ninth  avenue. 

St.  Nicholas  (German),  125  Second  street;  F.  Krebez,  Priest, 
185  Second  street. 

St  Patrick's  Cathedral,  Mott  street,  corner  of  Prince  street ; 
Most  Rev.  John  McCloskey,  Archbishop ;  Very  Kev.  William 
Starrs,  Vicar  General ;  T.  S.  Preston,  Chancellor ;  F.  McNierny, 
Secretary;  P.  F.  McSweeny,  J.  H.  McGean,  and  Eugene 
Maguire,  Priests ;  263  Mulberry  street ;  James  Hart,  sexton, 
261  Mulberry  street. 

St  Paul's,  East  One  Hundred  and  Seventeenth  street,  near 
Fourth  avenue  ;  George  R.  Brophy  Priest. 

St,  Peter's,  Barclay  street,  corner  of  Church  street ;  William 
Quinn,  Priest,  15  Barclay  street;  Michael  O'Meara,  sexton,  70 
North  Moore  street. 

St.  Stephen's,  93  East  Twenty.eighth  street;  Rev.  Dr.  Mc- 
Glynn,  Priest,  80  East  Twenty-ninth  street ;  John  McLaughlin, 
sexton. 

St.  Teresa,  Rutgers  street,  corner  of  Henry  street ;  James 
Boyce,  Priest,  141  Henry  street ;  Hugh  Smith,  sexton. 

St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  127  West  Twenty-third  street ;  Annet 
Lafont,  Priest,  90  West  Twenty-fourth  street. 

Transfiguration,  Mott  street,  corner  of  Park  street;  Thomas 
Treanor,  Priest,  30  Mott  street. 

UNITARIAN. 

All  Souls,  Fourth  avenue,  corner  East  Twentieth  street ;  H. 
TV,  Bellows,  Minister,  59  East  Twentieth  street-  Charles  C. 
Siaipson,  sexton,  89  East  Twenty-second  street, 

Messiah,  East  Twenty-eighth  street,  corner  Madison  avenue  ; 
S.  Osgood,  Minister,  154  West  Eleventh  street;  James  Berry, 
Eexton,  619  Second  avenue. 


CPrPCHFS    OF    THE    CITY.  \  145" 

Third,  West  Fortieth  street,  near  Sixth  avenue  ;  0.  B.  Fro- 
thingham,  Minister,  50  West  Thirty-fifth  street;  S.  P.  Lathrop, 
sexton,  602  Seventh  avenue 

UNIVERSALIST. 

Second,  East  Eleventh  street,  corner  Second  avenue  •  G.  L. 
Demarest,  Minister. 

Third,  206  Bleeker  street ;  G.  K.  Crary  sexton,  17  St.  Luke's 
place. 

Fourth,  648  Broadway,  E.  H.  Chapin,  Minister,  14  East 
Thirty-tliird  street ;  J.  B.  Ferdon,  sexton,  82  Crosby  street. 

Sixth,  116  West  Twentieth  street;  E.  G.Brooks,  Minitter, 
274  West  Twenty  fifth  street. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Catholic  Apostolic,  128  West  Sixteenth  street ;  D.  M.  Fackler, 
Elder  in  charge,  216  West  Twenty-fifth  street. 

Centre  Street  Mission,  110  Centre  street 

Christian  Israelites,  108  First  street ;  J.  L.  Bishop,  Minister, 
108  First  street. 

Church  of  the  True  Believers,  Levi  Rightmyer,  Treasurer. 

Disciples'  Meeting  House,  24  West  Iwenty-eighth  street ; 
E.  Parmly  and  Dani  1  Monroe,  Elders  ;  Urban  C.  Brewer,  Min- 
ister, 25  East  Thirty-first  street. 

Evangelical,  rear  108  West  Twenty-fourth  street;  C.  B. 
Fliehr,  Minister,  at  church. 

First  Congregational  Methodist,  West  Twenty-fourth  street, 
near  Sixth  avenue  ;  Samuel  Curry,  Minister,  189  West  Twenty- 
ninth  street. 

German  Evangelical  Reformed,  97  Suffolk  street ;  J.  F. 
Busche,  Minister  108  Rivington  street. 

Mariners',  Madison  street,  corner  Catherine  street ;  E.  D. 
Murphy  .Minister,  72  IM^dison  street;  Thomas  Halverson,  sex-- 
tr.n,  at  church. 

Messiah's,  7  Seventh  avenue  ;  P  Hawkes,  Minister,  at  church. 

St.  John's  (Ind.;  Methodist  Church,  10  West  Forty-first 
street ;  D.  Hand,  sexton,  at  church. 

Second  Advent,  68  East  Broadway  ;  G.  Storrs,  Minister. 


146  CHURCHES    Of    THE    CITY* 

Sfventh-Day  Baptist,  Second  avenue,  corner  East  Eleventh 
i-tr-et. 

Swedrnborgian  First  New  Church  Society,  68  East  Tnirty 
fii;h  street ;  Cbauncey  Giles,  Minister,  43  East  Thirty-third  street. 

True  Reformed  Dutch,  25  King  street;  John  Demott,  sext.-ni. 

United  Brethren  (Moravian,)  J-  H.  Kummer,  Minister,  51 
East  Houston  street. 

Welsh  i\Iethodist  Calvinistic,  133  East  Thirteenth  street; 
"Uniliam  Roberts,  Minister,  204  East  Sixteenth  street ;  Thomaa 
Jones,  sexton,  194  East  Thirteenth  steeet. 

Wesleyan  Methodist  Church  of  the  Pilgrims,  235  Vfest 
Forty-eighth  street ;  Seymour  A.  Baker,  Minister,  house  next 
to  church. 

MISSIONS. 

City  Missions. — 27  Greenwich  street;  147  Duane  street; 
327  Madison  street;  693  Hudson  street;  21  Avenue  D;  39 
Columbia  street ;  22^  Marion  street ;  Fifth  street,  corner  of 
First  avenue  ;  2S3  Avenue  B  ;  17G  West  Thirty-seventh  street ; 
655  First  avenue  ;  corner  Fourth  street  and  Avenue  C. 

Protestant  EpiscoPAii  City  Missions. — 304  Mulberry  street. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Missions. — 21  Worth  street ;  289  Riv- 
ington  street ;  117  Bank  street ;  Fourth  street,  corner  of  Ave- 
nue C  ;  Tenth  avenue,  near  Thirty-seventh  street ;  Ninth  ave- 
nue, near  Fifty-fourth  street. 

Hours  of  service  on  the  Lord's  day,  10|  a.m.,  8^  and  7i  p.m. 
Sabbath  school,  9  a.m.,  and  2  p.m.  Week-day  evening  services 
generally  on  Tuesday  and  Friday  evenings,  7i  o'clock. 

Noon-day  Prayer -meeting,  Consistory  Room,  Fulton  street, 
near  William  street,  daily,  from  12  to  1  o'clock.  Daily 
Prayers  in  Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  Daily  Prayer- 
meeting,  Mariner's  Church,  72  Madison  street.  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association— rooms  open  day  and  evening — 161  Fifth 
aveaue,  corner  of  Twenty-second  street. 

Strangers  visiting  the  city,  desiring  information  as  to  the 
Churches,  the  Missions,  or  any  of  the  Religious  or  Charitable 
Institutions,  can  obtain  it  at  the  rooms  of  the  New  York  City 
Mission,  80  Bible-house,  Third  avenue. 


(U?) 


HINTS  FOR  KEFEKENCE 

CARRIAGE    PARES. 

Not  exceeding  one  mile,  one  passenger,  50  cents ;  each  addi- 
tional passenger,  37^  cents.  Exceeding  one  mile,  and  not  exceed- 
ing two  miles,  one  passenger,  75  cents  ;  each  additional  passenger, 
37tr  cents.  Children  under  two  years  of  age,  uo  charge  ;  between 
two  and  fourteen,  half  price  only  is  to  be  charged.  The  baggage 
to  be  taken  without  charge  with  each  passenger,  is  one  trunk, 
valise,  saddle-bag,  carpet-bag,  portmanteau  or  box,  if  he  be  re-, 
quested  so  to  do  ;  but  for  any  trunk  or  other  such  article  above 
named,  more  than  one  for  each  passenger,  six  cents  can  be 
charged.  No  charge  can  be  made  unless  the  number  of  the  can 
riage  is  placed  on  the  outside,  and  the  rates  of  fare  in  a  conspicui 
ous  place  inside  of  said  carriage.  If  more  than  the  legal  rates  are 
asked,  nothing  can  be  collected  for  services.  A  violation  of  thi§ 
ordinance  subjects  the  offender  to  a  fine  of  $10. 

TO  WEEtCH  13  ABDKD  A  TABLE  OF  DISTANCES. 
Fm  Battery.  Exch'ge.  City  H;a,ll.  To 

yi  mile  "Rector  street. 

%  ).^  mile  Fulton  street. 

X  K  City  Hall. 

1  X  M  mile  Leonard  street. 

\yi  1  Yz  Canal  street. 

IK  \yi  X  Spring  street, 

\%  \}i  1  Houston  street. 

2  \%  \yi  Fourth  street. 

2<^  2  1>^  Ninth  street. 

1%,  2>i  IX  Fourteenth  street. 

2X  2>^  2  Nineteenth  street. 

3«  2^  2yi  Twenty -lourth  street 

3^  3  2>^  Twenty-ninth  street. 

•6%  3)4  IX  Thirty -fourth  street. 

3^  3^  3  Thirty -eighth  stree|. 

4  Z'X  ^X  Forty -fourth  street. 

4:}4  4  3>^'  Forty  -n  inth  street. 

41^  4jii  3X  Fifty -fourth  street. 

4X  4>^  4  Fifty -eighth  street. 

5  4X  ^X  Sixty -third  street. 

5;^  5  4>^  Sixty-eighth  street. 

51^  51^  4X  Seventy-third  street. 

bX  51^  5  ....  .s'eventv-eighth  street. 

6  bX  5X  ElsflUy-third  street 

6}i  6  6^  Fi^'htv-eighth  street. 

6>^  6}i  bX  NinetV-tliird  street. 

&X  6>a  6  Nmetv-seventh  street. 

7  &X  ^X  One  Hundred  and  Second  street. 

7X  7  6)4  One  Hundred  and  Seventh  street. 

7>^  7X  ^X  (^n.  Hundred  and  Twelfth  street. 

7%  7>^  7  One  Hunrlred  and  Seventeenth  street. 

8  7X  '^X  Oni"  Hun'lm!  and  Twenty-first  street. 

8X  8  IX  .  • . .  .t^-'ne  Huaur«cl  aud  Tweuty-sixth  street. 


us 


HINTS   FOR    REFERENCE, 


BANKS. 

Banks  marked  with  an  asterisk  are  under  the  State  system ;  all 
others  are  National. 

Leather  M'frs 29  Wall 

Manhattan  Co* 40  Wall 

Manufacturers 132  Front 

Manuf.  &Merch*.  .561  Broadway 

Market 286  Pearl 

Marine 90  Wall 

Mechanics' 33  Wall 

Mech.  Bk'g  Ass'n 38  Wall 

Mech.  &  Traders'. .   153  Bowery 

Mercantile 191  Broadway 

Merch'ts  Ex 257  Broadway 

Metropolitan 108  Broadway 

Merchants , 42  Wall 

Nassau*, 137  Nassau 

Nat'l  Currency 2  Wall 

N.  y.  County 81  Eighth  Av 

N.  Y.  Exchange.  .185  Greenwich 
North  Eiver*  . . .  .187  Greenwich 

Ninth 363  Broadway 

Ocean 197  Greenwich 

Oriental* 122  Bowery 

Park - 5  Beekman 

Pacific 470  Broadway 

People's* 395  Canal 

Phoenix 45  Wall 

St.  Nicholas 7  Wall 

Second 190  Fifth  Av 

Seventh  Ward 234  Pearl 

Shoe  &  Leather. .  .271  Broadway 

Sixth Broadway  cor.  35th 

Tenth 240  Broadway 

Third 25  Nassau 

Tradesmen's 291  Broadway 

Union 34  Wall 


American 80  Broadway 

Am.  Exch 128  Broadway 

Atlantic 142  Broadway 

Bk.  of  America* 46  Wall 

Bk.  of  the  Ptepublic ......  2  Wall 

Bk.  of  New  York 48  Wall 

Bk.  of  N.  America 44  Wall 

Bk.  of  Commonwealth.15  Nassau 

Bk.  of  Commerce 29  Nassau 

Bowery 58  Bowery 

Bk.  of  St.  of  N.  Y. . . .  33  William 

Broadway 237  Broadway 

Bull's  Head* 314  Third  Av 

Butchers' &  Drovers'.  124  Bowery 

Central 318  Broadway 

Chatham 182  Broadway 

Chemical 270  Broadway 

Citizens' 381  Broadway 

City 52  Wall 

Continental .7  Nassau 

Corn  Exch* 13  William 

Croton 17  Nassau 

Dry  Dock* 143  Av.  D 

East  River GSO  Broadway 

Eighth 650  Broadway 

Fifth 338  Third  Av 

First 140  Broadway 

Fourth 27  Pine 

Fulton 37  Fulton 

Gallatin .' 36  Wall 

Greenwich* 402  Hudson 

Grocers' 59  Barclay 

Hanover 33  Nassau 

Imp.  &  Traders'. .  .247  Broadway 
Irving Warren  &  Greenwich 


INSURANCE  OFFICES. 

FIRE. 


Adriatic 139  Broadway 

iEtnaf 170  Broadway 

iEtna  (Hartford) 62  Wail 

Arctic IS  Wal; 


Astor 16  Wall 

Atlantic,  Brooklyn 14  Wall 

America nf 48  Wall 

Am.  i.xchango  .  .  .141  Broadway 


HINTS    FOR   REFERENCE 


149 


Baltic 54  Wall^Jersey  City,  N.  J 67  Wall 

Beekman ..10  WaliiKings  Co.,  Brooklyn. .  .1  Nassau 

Broadway 158  BroadwayjKiiickerbocker G4  Wall 

Brooklyn,  Brooklyn 18  Wall  Lamar 50  Vv^iU 


Central  Park 1G8  Broadway 

Citizens' 156  Broad  wa.y 

City 58  Wail 

Clinton 156  Broadway 

Colurabiaf 161  Broadway 

Commercial 49  Wall 

Commonwealth. .  .151  Broadway 

Continental 102  Broadway 

Corn  Exchange. .  .157  Broadway 

Commerce 27  Wall 

Croton 180  Broadway 

Eagle 71  Wall 

East  River 69  Wall 

Empire  City 102  Broadway 

Equitable,  N.  Y 58  Wail 

Excelsior 130  Broadway 

Exchange 170  Broadway 

Firemen's 153  Broadway 

Firemen's  Fund..  .200  Broadway 

Firemen's  Trust 52  Wall 

Franklin,  Philadelphia..  .27  Wall 

Fulton 172  Broadway 

Gallatin 96  Broadway 

Gebhard 141  Broadway 

Germania 175  Broadway 

Globe 197  Greenwlcli 

Greenwich 155  Broadway 

Grocers' 76  Wall 

Guardian 142  Broadway 

Hamilton 11  Wall 

Harmony 158  Broadway 

Hanover 45  Wall 

Hoffman 161  Broadway 

Home 135  Broadway 

Hope 92  Broadway 

Howard 66  Wall 

Humboldt.  „ UO  Broadway 

Irving 9  Wall 

Imp's  &  Traders.  .100  Broadway 

International 113  Broadway 

Indemnity. 207  Broadway 

Jefferson 60  Wall 


Lenox 16  Wall 

Liverpool  <fe  London.  .45  William 

Lorillardf 104  Broadway 

Long  Island 48  Wall 

LaFayette,  Brooklyn 14  Wall 

Mauliattan .68  Wall 

Market 37  Wall 

Mechanics',  Brooklyn  .  .  .31  Wall 

Mechanics  &  Traders 48  Wall 

Mercantile 163  Broadway 

Merchants' 106  Broadway 

Metropolitanf. . .  .108  Broadway 
Montauk,  Brooklyn.  .168  B'dway 

Nassau,  Brooklyn 65  Wall 

National 52  Wall 

New  Amsterdam 20  Wall 

N.  Y.  Fire  &  Marine  ...  .72  Wall 

Niagara 12  Wall 

N.  Americanf  . . .  .114  Broadway 

North  Kiver 202  Greenwicli 

New  World 151  Broadway 

Pacific 470  Broadway 

Park 237  Broadway 

People's 15  7  Broadway 

Peter  Cooper 74  Wall 

Phoenix,  Brooklyn.  139  Broadway 

Republict 153  Broadway 

Rutgers 130  Chatham 

Relief. 8  Wall 

esolutef 151  Broadway 

Sterling  . .  .\ 155  Broadway 

St.  Mark's 67  Wall 

St.  Nicholas 166  Broadway 

Stuyvesant 122  Bowery 

Security! 119  Broadway 

Standard 11  Wall 

Star 187  Greenwich 

Tradesmen's 153  Bowery 

United  States 69  Wall 

Washington 172  Broadway 

Williamsburg  City. 165  Broadway 
Yonkers  &  N.  Y.  .161  Broadway 


f  Participation. 


150  Hints  for  eeferen'ce. 


LIFE  INSURANCE. 


American  Mutual.  .170  BroadwayiMutual 146  Broadway 


Equitable .92  Broadwa} 

Germania 90  Broadway 

Knickerboclier  .  .  .121  Broadway 
Life  &  Travelers'.  .243  Broadway 
Maubattan 156  Broadway 


Xew  York 112  Broadway 

X.  E.  Mutual 110  Brondwuy 

North  ;^merica 63  William 

Security. .  .^ 31  Pi)ie 

Washiugton 98  Broadway 


MARINE  INSURANCE. 


Atlantic  Mutual 51  Wall 

Com.  Mutual 57  William 

Gr.  Western 39  William 

Metropolitan 103  Broadway 

Mercantile  Mutual 35  Wall 


Orient  Mutual 43  Wall 

Pacific  Mutual. , .  .111  Broadw^ay 

Security 119  Broadway 

Sun  Mutual 49  Wall 

Union  Mutual 61  William 


N.  y.  Mutual 61  William  Washington  Mutual 40  Pine 

POST    OFFICE    GUIDE. 
The  Post  OfiBce  opens  at  7.30  A.  m.,  and  closes  at  7  p.  m.    On 
Sundays,  open  from  9  to  10  a.  m.,  and  12.30  to  1.30  P.  M.    Letters 
obtained  at  any  hour  of  the  night  at  the  night  window  on  Nassau 
Btreet. 

MAILS   CLOSE. 

North  Through,  5  a.  M.;  3.45  p.  m. 

North  Way,  2  p.  m. 

Harlem  Railroad,  5.30  A.  M. 

East  (via  New  Haven),  5  A.  m.;  1.30,  6  P.  M. 

East  (N'ew  Haven  Way),  2.20  p.  m. 

East  (via  Newport),  4  p.  M. 

South,  5  A.  M.;  4.30,  6.30,  10.30  p.  M. 

Erie  Railroad,  5  a.  m.;  4.15  p.  M.    Way,  5  A.  M.;  3  P.  m. 

New  York  Central,  3  p.  m. 

New  Jersey  Central,  5  a.  m.;  2  P.  M. 

New  Jersey  Northern,  2.30  p.  m. 

Morris  &  Essex,  5  a.  Ue.;  2  p.  m. 

Freehold  and  Keyport,  1.30  p.  ar. 

Staten  Island,  5  a.  m.;  2  f.  m. 

Brooklyn,  5,  9  a.  m.;  2,  4.30  p.  M. 

Astoria,  9  a.  m.;  3.30  p.  m.    Long  Island,  5  A.  M.;  2^  p.  M. 

Mineola,  Hempstead,  Jamaica,  Syosset,  5  a.  m.;  2.30  P.  M. 

Canada  East  (except  Fridays),  5  a.  m.;  3.45  p.  m. 

Canada  East  (Fridays)  5  a.  m.;  6  p.  m. 

Canada  West,  5  A.  M.;  6.45  p.  m. 

California.,  (overland,)  5am.;  4.15  p.m. 

Atlanta,  Augusta,  (Ga. ,)  Charleston,  Colambns,  (Miss.,)  Mobile, 
Montgomery,  (Ala.,)  New  Orleans,  Pensacola,  Wilmington,  (N.C.,) 
6  A.  M.    Richmond,  5  a.  m.;  5.30  p.  M. 

Sundays,  all  Mails  close  at  1.30  p.  m. 


umzz  hm  unnmm 


OUT  OF  THE  CITY. 


Take  ITour  Otvit  Measure  and  Send  to 

E.  A.  BMOOKS,  ^j,t, 

iuiporter  aud  Manufacturer  of 

BOOTS,  SHOES,  &©., 

S'T^^  Biroacl^v^a^^,  IVeTV  York. 


DIRECnOXS  FOR  MEASURDnG  TEE  FOOT. 

First.  Place  the  foot  on  a  piece  of  paper  and  trace  the  outline 
of  the  same  with  a  pencil,  which  will  give  the  length  and  spread 
of  the  foot,  as  shown  in  figure  A. 


Second.    Mate    the  following   measurements,    in   inches  and 
fractions,  with  tape  measure,  as  shown  in  figure  B,  viz  : 


lEl,— The  Ball  ol  the  Foot. 
2d.  — The  Low  Instep. 
Sd.  —The  Hi-h  lastep. 
4lh.— The  Heel. 
£th.— The  Ancle. 
6th.— The  Calf. 


OF  EVERY    DESC^SPTSO^S. 

THEODORE  BUTTON 

his  old  friends,  Managers  and  the  pu 
that  he  is  now  located  at  the 

e:  ]m:  :e^  I  It.  e: 


Begs  to  inform  his  old  friends,  Managers  and  the  public  generally, 

that  he  is  now  located  at  the 


13  SPRUCE   STREET,  KEW  YORK, 

Where  he  will  give  his  personal  aHeution  to  the  production,  in  any  style,  of 
all  kinds  of 

PLAIN,  OOLOEED  AND  ILLUSTEATED 

1 

PARTICULARLY  ADAPTED  FOR 

Traveling  Exhibitions,  .^ 

Circuses,  Menageries, 

Ethiopian  Performances, 
G-ymnasts,  Magicians, 
Track  Cuts  of  all  kinds, 

Trotting  to  Harness  or  Wagon, 

Double  Teams  or  Running  Horses, 

I^oiitical  01ii.I>s. 

T.  D.  trusts  that  his  many  years'  experience  in  the  business, 
the  very  large  assortment  of  cuts  at  his  command,  any  of  which 
can  be  printed  in  one  or  more  colors,  the  services  of  the  best 
Designers  and  Engravers  for  new  work,  will  secure  to  him  a 
continuance  of  past  favors  and  a  trial  by  new  patrons. 


FOR  NEW  ORLEANS,  DIRECT. 

ATLANTIC  &  MISSISSIPPI  STEAMSHIP  LINE, 

Composed  of  First-Class  Ftcamers,  one  of  which  leaves  New  York  every 
S.aTUHD.'vY,  having  large  freight  capacity, and  superior  accommadations 
for  Passengers. 

GOODS  shipped  through  to  all  points  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rivers  at 
Less  Rates  than  by  RAILROAD. 

Through  Bills  of  Lading  issued  for  all  points  on  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio 
Rivers  in  connection  with  the  Atlantic  and  Mississippi  i^teamship  Company  of 
St.  Louis, 

For  Freight  or  Passage  apply  to    GARRISON  &  ALLEN,  Agents, 

No;  5  Bowling  Green,  or  to 

J.  EAGER  &  CO.,  Agents  of  the  A.  &  M.  S.  S.  Co.  of  St  Louis, 

No.  41  Broad  street,  New  York.  ; 


EMPIRE  LINE  for  SAVANNAH,  Ga. 

Sail  every  SATURDAY,  from  Pier  13,  N.  R.,  foot  of  CEDAR  St., 
connecting  with  Railroads  throughout  Georgia  and  Florida. 

The  Elegant  Side  •Wheel  Steamships 

COMMANDER  JOSHUA  ATKINS,  AND 

COMMANDER  WINSLOW  LOVELAND,  1500  Tons  Burthen  each, 
Have  been  permanently  placed  on  the  route  to  Savannah  by  the  ATLANTIC 
^AIL  STEAilSHIP  COMPANY  of  New  York,  and   are  intended  to  be  run  by 
them  in  a  manner  to  meet  the  first-class  requirements  of  the  trade. 

The  Cabin  accommodations  of  these  ships  are  not  excelled  by  any  Steamers 
on  the  coast,  and  although  their  carrying  capacity  is  large,  their  draught  of 
water  enables  them  to  ensure  a  passage  without  detention  in  the  rivec. 

KetiirDifig,  leave  SavaBiiah  Every  Saturday. 

For  further  particulars,  engagement  of  Freight  or  Passage,  apply  to 

GAEBISON  &  ALLEI^,  Agents, 
No.  5  Bowling  Green,  New  York. 
Agent  at  Savannah,  B.  H.  HARDEE. ***Goods  for  Augusta  and  points  be- 
yond, will  be  delivered  Central  Haiiroad  at  Savannah,  and  forwarded  free 
of  commission  by  our  Agent. 


S*acific  I^ail  Steamship  Oompany'^ 

THE0U6H  LINE  TO  CALIFOENIA, 

Toufihing  at  Mexican  Ports  &  Carrying  the  U.S.  Mail. 
THROUGH  8H  TWENTY-TWO  DAYS. 

BTEAMSHIFS  OX  THE  ATLANTIC:  CONNECTING  ON  THE  PACIFIC  WirH  THB 

ARIZONA COLORADO. 

HENRY  CH AUNCEY CONSTITUTION. 

NEW  YORK GOLDEN  CITY. 

OCEAN  QUEEN SACRAMENTO. 

COSTA  RICA GOLDEN  AGE. 

NORTHERN  LIGHT MONTANA. 

&c.,  &c. 


One  of  the  above  large  and  splendid  Steamships  will  leave  Pier 
No.  42,  North  River,  foot  of  Canal  Street,  at  12  o'clock,  noon, 
on  the  1st,  11th,  and  21st  of  every  month  (except  when  those  dates 
fall  on  Sunday,  and  then  on  the  preceding  Saturday),  for  ASPIN- 
WALL,  connecting  via  Panama  Railway,  with  one  of  the  Company's 
Steatnships  from  Panama  for  SAN  FRANCISCO,  touching  at 
ACAPULCO. 

Departures  of  1st  and  21st  connect  at  Panama  with  Steamers  for 
SOUTH  PACIFIC  and  CENTRAL  AMERICAN  PORTS.  Those  of 
1st  touch  at  MANZANILLO. 

A  discount  of  ONE  QUARTER  from  Steamers'  rates  allowed  to 
second  cabin  and  steerage  passengers  with  families.  Also,  an  al- 
lowance of  ONE  QUARTER  on  through  rates  to  clergymen  and 
their  families,  and  school  teachers  ;  soldiers,  having  honorable  dis- 
charges, HALF  FARE. 

One  Hundred  Pounds  Baggage  allowed  to  each  adult.  Baggage 
Masters  accompany  baggage  through,  and  attend  to  ladies  and 
children  without  male  protectors.  Bnggage  received  on  the  dock 
the  day  before  sailing,  from  steamboats,  railroads,  and  passengers 
who  prefer  to  send  down  early. 

An  experienced  Surgeon  on  board.  Medicine  and  attendance  free. 

For  Passage,  Tickct^^,  or  fnrther  iuformation,  apnlv  at  the  Company's  Ticket 
Office,  on  the  Wharf  FOOT  OF  CANaL  STHEET,  NORTH  RIVER,  NEW  YORK. 

F.  W.  G.  BELLOWS,  Agent. 


STEAMERS 


TO  AND  FROM 

NEW  YOEK  to  LIYEEP0OL 

CALLING  AT 

Queenstown  to  Land  Passengers. 

steamatoTtIon  CO. 

(LIMITED.) 

One  of  tills  Company's  first-class  Iron  Steamers,  as  follows,  will 
be  dispatched,  every  SATURDAY,  from  Pier  47,  Xorth  River. 

ENGLAND,  3,4.50  TONS Captaia  Grace. 

SCOTLAND,'  3,678        "     "       Hall.  • 

ERIN,  3,215       "     ''       Lewis. 

VIRGINIA,  2,876       "     "       Pbowse. 

HELVETIA,  3,509       '*     "       Ogilvie. 

THE  QUEEN,  3,312        "     "       Grogan. 

PENNSYLVANIA,  3,673       "     "       McNevin. 

LOUISIANA,  2,116        "     "       CuttIxNG. 

These  Steamers  were  lately  built  under  inspection,  and  are 
classed  A  1  at  Lloyd's  for  twenty-one  years.  The  accommodations 
for  passengers  are  unsurpassed,  and  they  are  supplied  with  every 
comfort  and  luxury. 

Particular  attention  is  given  to  the  care  of  steerage  passengers, 
and  they  are  allowed  ample  deck  room. 

Rates  of  Passage,    |  l^^H^^^  Is^OO  [  ^^^^^^®  ^^  Currency. 

Freight  at  the  lowest  current  rates  ;  for  terms  of  which,  and  for 
passage,  apply  at  the  Company's  offices,  No.  5  7  Broadway. 

F.  W.  J.  HURST,  IVlanager. 

j^"  Prepaid  tickets  to  parties  wishing  to  send  for  their  friends, 
for  $40  currency,  and  Return  Tickets  at  corresponding  rates.  Pas- 
sengers booked  through  to  all  parts  of  the  Continent. 


THE  NOETH  AMEEICAN  LLOYD'S 

lirst-Olass  XJ.  S.  Mail  Steamship  Lina 

i;;;t\vki.n' 

Calling  at  Cowes,  where  passengers  for  England  and  France  are 

transhipped,  on  the  following  THURSDAYS: 
Mississippi,  WM,  G.  FURBER,  Commander, 

(chartered,)  10th  May. 
Atlantic,  C.  HOYER,  Commander, 

8000  tons,  1600  horse  power,  31st  May. 
iOaltic,  A.  G.  JOXES,  Commander, 

3000  tons.  IGOO  horse  power,  14th  Jnne. 
"Western.  Mleti-opolis,  H.  SANDERS,  Com'r., 

260U  tons.  1000  horse  power,  28th  June. 
And  THURSDAY,  [July  19  ;  Aug.  2  &  16  ;  Sept.  6  &  20  ;  Oct.  4  &  25j;  Nov.jlS 
&  22  ;  Dee.  3  &  27  ;]  one  of  these  well-knowu  favorites  of  the  traveling  pubhc, 
with  comfortable  accommodations  for  passengers  of  all  classes,  will  leave 
New  York  from 

Pier  46  North  Eiver. 


PRICES  OF  PASSAGE  TO  BREMEN',    SOUTnAMPTOX,    LONDON  AND  HATRE, 

PAYABLE    IN    GOLD. 

First  Cabin,  $105  ;  Second  Cabin,  $62.50;  Steerage,  $37.50. 

Fr  >m  Bremkn  to  New  York— 1st  Cabin,  $112.50  ;  2d,  $S0  ;"3d,  $45. 

BETURN    TICKETS  : 

First  Cabin.  S205  :  Rpcond  Cahin,  $132.50  ;   Steerage,  $77.50. 

DEPAKTUBES  FROM  BREMEN. 

Mav  9  &  23  ;  Juno  6  &:  27  ;  Julv  11  &  2.j  ;    Aug.  15  oc  29  ;  Sept.   12  ;  Oct.  3  & 
17  ;  Nov.  1  &  21  ;  Dec.  ^5  k  19. 
An  experienced  Surgeon  on  board.     For  freight  or  passage,  ap- 

ply  to  B.UaZiB.  BROB,  General  Agr'ts. 

45  BEAVER  ST. 
J®"  For  subscription  to  the  stock  of  the  North  American  Lloyd,  offering  a 
very  desirable  and  remunerative  investment  (in  shares  of  $100  each),  apply 
at  the  office  of  the  Company,  45  Beaver  street,  to 

V.  PRECHT,  Secretary. 


NORTH    GERMAN   LLOYD 


STEAMSHIP  LINE  BETWEEN 

New  York,  Southampton  and  Bremen. 

I  8661]  The  Favorite  aud  Splendid  Iron  Hail  Steamships         [  |  866. 

AMERICA,  <^apt.  J.  C.  Meyer.      HANSA,  Capt.  K.  von  Otorendorp. 

NEW  YORK,  "    G.Ernst.         BREMEN,"    n.  a.  F.  xXeynaber. 

HERMANN,"     G.  Wenkc.       UNION,        "    H.  J.  von  Santen. 

DEUTSCHLAND,  Captain  H.  Wessels. 

Of  3000  Tons  and  700  Horse  Power,  Carrying  the  United  States  Mail. 

J8®=\YILL   S.AIL  REGULARLY    EVERY    ALTl' RNATK    SATURI)AY.-=g5gl 

These  Steamships  have  been  constructed  iu  the  mostapprovcd  manner,  and 

are  commanded  by  men  of  experience  and  character,  who  will  make  every 

exertion  to  promote  the  comfort  of  passengers,    They  leave  positively  on  the 

appointed  days,    unless  prevented  by  unforeseen  circumstances,   touch  at 

Southampton  each  way   to  land  passengers,  the  mails  and  specie,  and  take 

passengers  at  the  following  Eates  of  Passage,  payable  in  Gold  or  its 
equivalent  in  Currency. 

From  New  York  to  Southampton,  Havre,  London  and  Bremen  : 

Adults.    Child,  between        Child,  under 
1  &  10  yrs.  1  vear. 

First  Cabin,  Upper  Saloon,       S105  $52  50.  Free. 

do.  Lower  Ealoon,  62  50.        3125.  " 

Steerage       -       -       -       -  37  50.  '     18  75.  " 

Servants  accompanying  first-class  passengers,  pay  two-thirds  of  the  price 
of  passage.  These  prices  include  for  Upper  and  Lower  Saloon  everything, 
except  wines  and  liquors. 

Each  vessel  carries  an  Experienced  Surgeon,  who  is  not  authorized  to  make 
any  charge,  either  for  his  advice  or  medicines,  except  to  Cabin  Passengers 
who  come  on  board  ill. 

Cabin  Passengers  are  avowed  20  cubic  feet  of  Baggage,  Children  and  Ser- 
vants 10  feet.  In  the  Steerage,  each  Passenger  has  15  feet  frc-e.  For  Baggage 
exceeding  these  allowances,  freight  is  charged  as  lollows  :  From  Bremen,  % 
Bremen  Thaler;  from  Southampton,  2  Shill.  Sterling;  from  New  York,  35  Cts. 
gold,  per  cubic  foot. 

CERTIFICATES  OF  PASSAGE 

from  Bremen,  Havre  and  Southampton  to  New  York,  arc  issued  by  the  un- 
dersigned at  the  above  rates.  Holders  of  Certificates  have  to  address 
"  Norddeutscher  Lloyd,"  Bremen.  Messrs.  Keller,  Wallis  &  Postlethwaite, 
Southampton,  or  Messrs.  Lherbette,  Kane  &  Co.,  Havre  and  Paris,  in  order 
to  obtain  information,  by  which  steamer  they  can  take  passage. 
For  Freight  or  Passage  apply  to  OELRICHS  &  CO, 

68  Broad  Street,  coraer  Beaver,  New  York. 


SAVANNAH,    GA 


The  Entirely  New  and  Magnificent  Steamships, 

x^  :mi  o 

1 .000  Tons,  H.  DEARBORN,  Commander,  And 

•\7-    Z .  R.    C^    O 

i,200  Tons,  E.  m,  BULKLEY,  Commander, 

WU.L   SAIL   FKOJt 

PIEE  16,  E.  E.,  FOOT  OF  WALL  STEEET, 

EVERY     THURSDAY, 

At  3  o'cloclc,  P.  M.,  i^recisely  ;  returning,  tliey  will  leave 

SAVANNAH  EVERY  THURSDAY 

Arriving  in  New  York  Sunday  Afternoon,  without  fail. 

These  Steamships  having  been  built  within  tlie  last  few  months, 
expressly  for  the  SAVANNAH  ROUTE,  no  expense  has  been  spared 
to  make  them,  in  speed  and  appointments,  unequaled  by  any 
Steamers  in  the  Southern  trade.  Passengers  liave  the  choice  of 
large  and  airy  Staterooms,  on  deck  or  below.  These  ships  make 
the  passage  iu  from  65  to  70  hours,  nearly  10  hours  less  than  the 
average. 

The  Railroads  in  Savannah  always  connect  with  this  Line,  and 
Passengers  are  transferred  without  detention  for  all  points  in 
GEORGIA,  FLORIDA,  ALAB.\MA,  and   other  points  South. 

First-Glass  Passage,  including  Stateroom,  $25 

FOG  PASSAGE  OK  FUEIGUT  APPLY  TO 

MUIIRAY,  FEIIR18  &  CO., 

01    &    6Q    South    Street. 

OCTAVUS.COKEN,  Agent  ia  Savannah,  who  will  forward  all  goods  for 

the  lutenui'. 

FREIGHTS  ALWAYS  AS  LOW  A3  BY  ANY  OTHER  UNE. 


J.  W.  BEABLEY'S  Few  Patent 

DUPLEX  ELLIPT! 

O^    DOUBLE 


They  will  not  bend  or  break  like  tlie  Single  Springs. 

Each  Hoop  is  composed  of  twj  finely-tempered  steel  springs,  braided  tightly 
and  firmly  tosrether,  edge  to  edge,  forming  the  Ftrongest.  most  Flexible,  and 
still  the  Lightest  Hoop  made  They  will  ]"ireserve  their  graceful  and  perfect 
shape  where  three  or  four  ordinary  skirts  have  been  thrown  aside  as  useless. 
Combining  comfort,  durability  and  economy,  with  that  elegance  of  shape 
which  has  made  tho  D^iptp^  Elliptic  the  STANDARD  SKIRT  OF  THE 
FASHIONABLE    WO    LD. 

DUPLEX  ELLIPTIC  (or  double)  SPRIf^C  SKIRT, 

Jlannfiirtured  exclusively  by 

WEST,    BRADLBY    do    CARY, 

The  Sole  Owuera  of  the  Patent,          97  Chambers,  aud  79  &  81  Reade  Street, 

NE\V  YORK  CITY. 
For  s.ile  in  all  first-class  Stores  throughout  the  United  States,  Havant,  de  Cuba,  Mexico, 
South  America,  West  Indies,  aud  other  Countries. 


OPINIONS  OP  THE  PRESS. 

This  Skirt  is  really  the  on&  thln^  to  be  desired,  being  capable  of  endurins  anv  mnount 
ofcrushiuj,'  and  doubling, without  the  sli,-lite.st  damage  to  its  Shape. — Gode>/s  Lady's  Book. 

The  Duplex  Elliptic  is  the  greatest  improvement  in  Hoop  Skirts.— iV.  Y.  Daily  Times. 

They  are  uneqnaled  in  elegance,  elasticity,  durability,  comfort  or  economy. — N.  Y. Herald. 

T!ie  Duplex  Elliptic  is  accepted  as  the  latest  step  toward  peWection  in  Skirts.— iV.  Y. 
Evening  Post. 

It  gives  the  most  ordinary  dress  a  style  that  readers  it  genteel.— .Bo*<on  Poit. 


H    107    89 


'-'.->•*  ^0 


'•>^^^- 


•  v^^ .', 


■/-  n^ 


•  ••  «  ^  -^      *  •  »»  0  '       .  ^^ 


HECKMAN       l±J 

3IN0ERY  INC.        |§| 

ft,    NOV    89 

N.  MANCHESTER, 
INDIANA  46962 


.•J^i^!.**'^        .,*-