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Wmmmim^^i 


e'v*'^ 


A  NEW  AND  COMPLETE 

VOLUME  OF  INFORMATION 

With  Original  Pen  and  Inic  Sketches 

by 
EUGENE  L.  ARMBRUSTER 


Eaale  Cibrary 


Itfo.   182 


A  VIEW  OF  THE  HAIRDRESSING  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  MRS.  TYLER-MILLER  AT  80-82  FLEET  STREET,  BROOKLYN. 

MRS.  TYLER-MILLER'S  HAIRDRESSING 
ESTABLISHMENT 


Mrs.  Tyler-Miller  conducts  at  80  Fleet 
Street,  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  hair- 
dressing  establishments  in  Brooklyn,  having 
given  satisfaction  to  her  many  patrons  at  that 
address  for  over  twenty  years.  Last  sea- 
son, on  account  of  the  large  increase  in  her 
patronage,  she  added  the  building  at  82  Fleet 
Street,  thus  doubling  her  space.  Mrs.  Tyler- 
Miller's  establishment  is  fitted  up  in  the  most 
elegant  manner  and  is  equipped  with  every 
modem  convenience  needed  in  her  business. 
Her  patrons  include  many  of  the  leading  so- 
ciety women  of  Brooklyn  and  Long  Island,  as 
they  find  in  the  private  rooms,  which  are  a 
special  feature  of  the  establishment,  the  lux- 


ury and  privacy  of  their  own  boudoirs.  Mrs. 
Tyler-Miller  has  a  large  force  of  helpers,  who 
are  experts  in  their  respective  lines,  such  as 
the  making  of  hair  goods,  shampooing,  scalp 
treatment,  hairdressing,  facial  massage,  and 
manicuring,  but  Mrs.  Tyler-Miller  gives  her 
personal  supervision  and  advice  to  each  pat- 
ron and  her  personal  attention  to  every  detail 
of  the  business,  and,  as  she  is  an  expert  in  her 
line,  the  business  is  conducted  on  a  first-class 
basis.  Her  prices  are  moderate  and  she  of- 
fers special  inducements  to  ladies  living  on 
Long  Island.  She  is  very  glad  to  show  visit- 
ors her  establishment  and  they  will  find  much 
to  interest  them  there. 


THE     EAGLE    LIBRARY 


>;iiJ^- 


LONG  ISLAND 

ITS  EARLY  DAYS 
AND  DEVELOPMENT 


WITH 


ILLUSTRATIONS  AND   MAPS 

By  EUGENE  L.  ARMBRUSTER 

(Copy righH^  1914,  \>y  E.  L.  Armbruster) 


PUBLISHED    BY 
THE  BROOKLYN  DAILY  EAGLE,  BROOKLYN-NEW  YORK 

Entered    at   the    Brooklyn-New   York    Post  office  as  second-class  matter.     Vol.   XXIX 

No.  7,  of  the   Eagle   Library,   Serial    No.    182,   June,    1914.      Trademark 

"Eagle  Library,"  registered.  Almanac  Number  $1.00.      Yearly 

subscription,  $1.50,  including  Almanac. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


The  Queens  County  Trust 

Company 

Offices  and  Safe  Deposit  Vaults,  375  Fulton  St.,  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 

CAPITAL,  $600,000.00 


^-,F^^-:■^i;&^" 


Queens  County  Trust  Co.,  Jamaica,   Queens  Borough. 

Conducts  a  General  Banking  Business. 


BANKING 
DEPARTMENT 

Deposits  Subject  lo  Checks. 
Special  Deposits  not  Subject  to  Check. 
Interest  Allowed  on  Daily  Balances. 

Foreign  Exchange,  Travelers  Cheques 


TRUST 
DEPARTMENT 

Executor         Estates  Managed 
Administrator  Registrar 
Guardian         Transfer  Agent 
Trustee  Legal  Depository  for 

Receiver  moneys  paid  into  Court 


SAFE  DEPOSIT 
VAULTS 

Boxes  rented  $5.00  per  year  and  upward. 

Robert  B.  Austin,  Pres. 
Willis  H.  Young,  V.  Pres. 
Thomas  Napier,  V.  Pres. 
W.  E.  Stecher,  Sect'y. 
Leander  B.  Faber,  Counsel. 


BRANCH  OFFICE 

Queens  Plaza  North,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


DR.  BERNARD  LISSEY 


One  of  Queens  Borough's  leading  dentists  is  Dr.  Bernard  Lissey,  witli  offices  at  339  Fulton  street, 
Jamaica,  and  his  dental  operating  room,  a  picture  of  which  is  shown  above,  has  been  declared  the  best 
equipped  and  the  most  elaborate  and  costly  on  Long  Island. 

As  an  artisan  is  judged  by  his  tools  and  uis  workmanship,  so  a  dentist  is  judged  by  his  appliances 
and  his  pleased  or  displeased  patrons.  The  fact  that  Dr.  Lissey  has  a  large  clientele  and  that  his  pa- 
tients invariably  leave  his  office  with  pleased  expressions  on  their  faces,  is  sufficient  proof  of  Dr.  Lissey's 
worth. 

Dr.  Lissey  desires  to  please  his  patrons  by  not  only  giving  them  the  best  possible  workmanship  and 
dental  surgery  under  absolute  aseptic  conditions,  but  by  giving  surrounding  cleanliness  and  comfort. 

Upon  arriving  in  New  York,  at  the  age  of  17  years,  Dr.  Lissey  Immediately  proceeded  to  educate 
himself.  He  secured  employment  as  a  junior  clerk  in  a  drugstore  and  within  a  short  time  re- 
ceived his  license  as  a  graduate  pharmacist.  In  1903  he  decided  upon  entering  the  College  of  Dental 
and  Oral  Surgery  of  New  York.  He  had  a  very  successful  college  career,  graduating  in  1906,  receiving 
a  silver  medal.  Shortly  after  his  graduation.  Dr.  Lissey  was  married  and  in  1907  he  established  himself 
modestly  at  Jamaica,  L.  1.  By  close  application  to  his  work  and  constant  effort  to  please,  Dr.  Lissey  soon 
made   for   himself   an   enviable   reputation. 

Despite  the  fact  that  he  is  a  very  busy  dentist,  Dr.  Lissey  still  finds  time  to  devote  to  civic,  political, 
fraternal  and  charitable  work.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Jamaica  Citizens  Association,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Iroquois  Democratic  Club,  of  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  of  Jamaica  Council 
of  the  Royal  Arcanum,  of  Jamaica  Conclave,  Independent  Order  of  Heptasophs;  of  the  Council  of  Im- 
migration of  New  York,  of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World,  of  the  Foresters  of  America,  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  and  of  Ionic  Lodge  No.  486,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  of  various  dental  societies. 

Dr.  Lissey  is  still  a  comparatively  young  man.  He  is  thirty-three  years  old.  He  lives  with  his  wife 
and  two  children — Jeanette  Frances  and  Dorothy  Marion  Lissey — in  a  handsome  home  at  63  Shelton 
avenue,   Jamaica. 

Dr.  Lissey  is  always  pleased  to  receive  members  of  his  profession,  medical  doctors,  as  well  as  the 
public  in  general,  and  permit  them  to  inspect  his  handsome  dental  offices  at  339  Fulton  street,  Jamaica. 
Telephone  281-597  Jamaica. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


1827 


1  BROOKLYN  SAVINGS  BANK 

CORNER    PIERREPONT   AND    CLINTON    STREETS 


New  Entrance 
300    Fulton    Street 


BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


Due   Depositors 
Surplus  (Par  Value) 


$51,400,000 
$5,900,000 


CROWELL  HADDEN     -     - 
DANIEL   J.    CREEM     -     - 
RICHARD    L.    EDWARDS 


CRO'^VELIi     HADDEBT 
RICHARD    L.    EDWARDS 
EDW.   H.   LITCHFIELD 
FRANK  LYMAN 
DAVID    G.   LEGGET 
WILLIS  L.   OGDEN 
JOHN   F.   HALSTED 
JONATHAN    BULKLEY 


OFFICERS  : 
President         LAURUS  E.  SUTTON 
Vice-Pres.         ARTHUR   C.    HARE     - 
Vice-Pres.         CHARLES  C.  PUTNAM 


Comptroller 

Cashier 

Ass't  Comp'r 


TRUSTEES: 

FRANK  L.   BABBOTT 
HENRY   P.  NOYES 
SANFORD   H.    STEELE 
DANIEL   J.    CREEM 
CLINTON   R.    JAMES 
B.    HERBERT    SMITH 
FRANCIS    L.  NOBLE 
FREDERICK  A.  M.  BURRELL 
-W^ILLIAM   L.  MOFFAT 


HAROLD  I.  PRATT 
EDWIN  P.   MAYNARD 
CHARLES    J.    PEABODY 
MARTIN  JOOST 
ALBERT    L.    MASON 
FRANK   D.   TUTTLE 
■WILLIAM  MASON 
CHARLES  L.  MORSE 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


OAK   PARK   NURSERIES 


i^x-Mi^M^ 


s^msu^.'iS 


On  East  Main  street,  Patchogue,  is  situated  the  Oak  Park  Nurseries,  E.  C.  and  S.  V. 
Tiger,  proprietors,  comprising  many  acres.  As  the  picture  indicates,  their  specialty  is 
evergreens.  Established  in  1888  the  nursery  has  been  spreading  out  year  by  year,  until 
it  now  covers  a  large  acreage  of  superbly  stocked  nursery  specialties.  Their  reputation 
is  such  that  it  has  gained  for  them  customers  who  continually  renew  their  orders,  as 
they  realize  they  can  place  their  orders  in  perfect  confidence  and  receive  just  exactly 

what  they  buy. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  the  culture  of  trees  that  will  succeed  best  in  this 
climate,  and  those  grown  here  are  already  acclimated.  Write  for  their  beautiful  cata- 
logue and  when  in  need  of  anything  in  this  line  write  the  Oak  Park  Nurseries,  which 
will  exert  an  effort  to  please  you  and  make  you  a  satisfied  and  permanent  customer. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Jamaica  Park  South  Realty  Corporation 


120  West  Thirty-second  Street,  New  York 
Telephone  2914  Madison  Square 


236  Fulton  Street,  Jamaica,  L.  I. 
Telephone  878  Jamaica 


The  Best  Moderate  Priced  Residential  Section  in  Queensborough 

19  Minutes  From  the  Pennsylvania  Station,  33d  Street,  New  York. 
30  Mmutes  From  Manhattan  by  the  New  Subway  System. 

LOTS  FROM  $250  TO  $1,500 

The  City,  State  and  National  Governments  have  united  to  open  what  the  "New  York  World" 
aptly  calls  "America's  New  Front  Door."     It  will  be  at  Jamaica  Bay,  adjacent  to  our  property. 

New  York  dock  authorities  declare  at  this  hour  that  there  are  countless  vessels  which,  upon 
arrival,  have  no  prospect  but  delay,  uncertainty  and  extortionate  dock  charges  when  they  try  to 
unload. 

A  READJUSTMENT  OF  THE  COMMERCE  OF  THE  WORLD  IS  NOW  UNDER  WAY  AND 
JAMAICA  BAY  IS  TO  HANDLE  IT. 

We  are  showing  you  history  in  the  making.  Facts  are  here  which  your  mind  can  build  to- 
gether. It  is  a  cold  business  proposition.  The  alert  will  grasp  it  to  their  certain  profit.  We 
can  prove  to  you  every  assertion. 

JAMAICA  PARK  SOUTH   REALTY  CORPORATION 


120  West  Thirty-second  Street,  New  York 
Telephone  2914  Madbon  Square 


236  Fulton  Street,  Jamsuca,  L.  I. 
Telephone  878  Jamaica 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Jamaica  Park  South  Realty  Corporation 


120  West  Thirty-second  Street,  New  York 
Telephone  2914  Madison  Square 


236  Fulton  Street,  Jamaica,  L.  I. 
Telephone  87S  Jamaica 


EVERY   DOLLAR    IN    THE    PENNSYLVANIA  TUNNELS  AND  TERMINALS, 

EVERY  DOLLAR  IN  THE  CITY'S  DUAL  SUBWAY  SYSTEM, 

EVERY  DOLLAR  IN  JAMAICA  BAY'S  GREAT  HARBOR, 

EVERY  DOLLAR  IN  THE  NEW  ERIE  BARGE  CANAL, 

EVERY  DOLLAR  IN  HELL  GATE  BRIDGE, 

Every  dollar  in  each  and  all  of  these  projects  is  a  lever  raising  Jamaica  Park  South  realty 
values  to  a  higher  level. 

Our  proposition  is  an  open  book.  These  big  improvements  are  right  there  doing  business — 
ready  for  your  inspection.  You  take  nothing  on  faith.  The  facts  speak  for  themselves.  When 
you  see,  you  will  say  what  every  other  man  says — "IT  IS  BETTER  THAN  IT  WAS  REPRE- 
SENTED." 

Any  of  these  improvements  will  create  enough  big  business  to  make  an  ordinary  city. 

Think  what  it  means  to  build  a  harbor.  Here  will  be  miles  of  wharfage,  steamship  terminals, 
docks,  etc.  Jamaica  Bay  Harbor  means  the  creation  of  a  thousand  new  business  centers — a  city 
within  a  city.  Shipping  facilities  bring  manufacturers.  The  increase  in  Queens  manufactures, 
314%  in  10  years,  is  a  demonstration  of  that  fact. 

If  the  National  Government  were  spending  $70,000,000  in  the  construction  of  a  new  harbor 
on  some  barren  shore,  miles  from  any  city,  property  there  would  be  a  good  investment.  But  at 
Jamaica  Bay  the  harbor  is  being  built  at  the  backdoor  of  the  greatest  commercial  city  in  the  world 
— a  city  with  water  or  rail  transit  to  all  points  on  the  globe. 

Suppose  even  ONE  of  these  improvements  was  being  worked  out  in  any  community — you 
know  it  would  be  good  business  to  buy  property  there  and  wait  its  completion.  But  suppose  the 
entire  five  came  together  in  that  community — what  then? 

If  some  big  business  concern  would  spend  $500,000  establishing  a  plant  in  a  town,  you 
would   figure   that  property   there  was   a   good  investment. 

But  here  is  an  expenditure  of  eight  hundred  and  twenty  million  dollars  on  the  biggest  enter- 
prises this  country  ever  saw — all  of  them  working  together  to  make  Jamaica  Park  South  the 
greatest  commercial  center  in  the  United  States. 

If  real  estate  does  not  reach  high  values  here,  there  is  no  place  on  earth  that  it  will.  If  real 
estate  is  not  a  good  investment  here — there  is  no  such  thing  as  a  good  investment. 

It  is  GOOD  BUSINESS  to  investigate  our  proposition  before  you  make  any  investment  any- 
where. 

LET  US  TAKE  YOU  OUT  AND  SHOW  YOU  THE  PROPERTY. 

JAMAICA  PARK  SOUTH  REALTY  CORPORATION 


120  West  Thirty-second  Street,  New  York 
Telephone  2914  Madison  Square 


236  Fulton  Street,  Jamaica,  L.  L 
Telephone  878  Jamaica 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


r' 


THE 


^ 


Patchogue  Bank 

OF  F»AXCHOGLJE,  IM.  Y. 


Capital       ....        $75,000.00 
Surplus  and  Profits  Over  $65,000.00 


JOHN  A.  POTTER,  Pr€sident 


JESSE  C.  MILLS,  Vice  President 


FRANK  A.  POTTER,  Cashier 


L 


JOHN  A.  POTTER 
JESSE  C.  MILLS 
JOHN  M.  PRICE 
JOHN  J.  ROE 
ARCHIBALD  S.  HAVENS 


DIRECTORS 

FRANK  OVERTON 
SMITH  W.  CONKLIN 
NATHANIEL  0.  SWEZEY 
GEORGE  H.  FURMAN 
HOWARD  S.  CONKLIN 


JOSEPH  T.  LOSEE 
JAMES  H.  MILLS 
JAMES  H.  SNEDECOR 
J.  ROBERT  BAILEY 
DANIEL  R.  DAVIS 


FRED  B.  NEWINS 


DAYTON    HEDGES 


J 


215  MONTAGUE  ST. 

TELEPMOME 3613        I^.AIM. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND:   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


FRED  M.  RULAND 


Granite,    Marble    and    Statuary.     Artistic  Granite  Work  a  Specialty.     Office  and  yards,  corner  of  Lake 

street   and    North    Ocean    avenue,     Patchogue,  L.  I. 


The    monuments    manufactured  i  Island  are  many  examples  of  Ru- 
at   the   establishment    of   Fred   M.   land's  superior  work,  admired  and 


Ruland  are  noted  for  their  original 
design    and   artistic   workmanship. 


highly  commended  for  their  excel- 
lence   of    finish.      An    established 


In  the  cemeteries  of  eastern  Long  i  business  of  thirty  years,  that  has 


kept  pace  with  the  demands  of  the 
times  for  better  cemetery  work, 
assures  all  Ruland  customers  of 
prompt,  courteous,  efficient,  honest 
service.  The  most  modern  elec- 
trical lettering  devices,  the  highest 
grade  of  workmanship,  elevating 
cranes  and  all  up-to-date  equip- 
ment are  the  best  evidence  to  offer 
that  Ruland  can  meet  any  and 
all  requirements  for  monuments, 
headstones,  statuary,  etc.  If  you 
are  looking  for  the  genuine  prod- 
ucts— no  substitutes — of  the  fa- 
mous quarries  of  Barre,  Vt.; 
Quincy,  Mass.,  and  Westerly,  R.  I., 
or  the  noted  imports  from  Aber- 
deen, Scotland,  or  Italy,  ask 

FRED  M.  RULAND, 
North  Ocean  Av.,  Patchogue,  L.  L 


IF  YOU  PLEASE- 

will  you  send  us  a  sample  of  that  job  of  commercial  printing  which  you  soon 
will  need  and  permit  us  to  quote  you  a  price  upon  it — 

Remembering  That  Our  Reputation  for 

producing  printing  which  is  technically  and  commercially  correct  gives  you  all 
reasonable  assurance  that,  our  price  being  right,  you  need  have  no  hesitancy 
in  entrusting  your  order  to  us? 

THE  AMITY  PRINTING  HOUSE 

CHARLES  F.  DELANO,  Proprietor 
AMITYVILLE,  LONG  ISLAND,   N.  Y. 

Long  Distance  Telephone  No.  77  Amityville. 
(All  Hours) 


10 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


UNIQUE  THEATER 


On  South  Ocean  avenue,  500  feet  from  Main  street,  is  located  the  "Unique  Theater,"  a  new 
and  modern  house,  equipped  with  all  improvements,  including  a  gallery  seating  over  300.  The  latest 
capacity  of  theater  nearly  1,000.  Mr.  Nathan  Goldstein,  proprietor  and  manager,  caters  to  the  elite 
of  Patchogue,  exhibiting  all  the  latest  films  as  soon  as  released.  This  beautiful  theater  was  opened 
to  the  public  last  July  and  has,  under  Mr.  Goldstein's  able  management,  proven  a  great  success. 


WILLIAM  L.  MANTHA  COMPANY,  Inc. 


Have  been  established  nine  years  in  Bayport  and  four 
Fully  equipped  with  power  to  make  any  repairs  that 
employed.  Mr.  Mantha  makes  a  study  of  each  new  c 
with  all  types.  The  cut  represents  a  Reo  car  for  whi 
are  also  selling  agents  for  the  Mitchell  automobile, 
and  those  seeking  an  automobile  can  make  no  mistake 
engaged  here  at  reasonable  rates.  There  is  also  am 
assured  they  will  receive  first-class  service. 


years  in  Sayville,  operating  a  garage  in  each  place, 
an  automobile  may  require.  Expert  mechanics  are 
ar  as  it  appears  upon  the  market,  and  is  familiar 
ch  this  company  are  the  local  selling  agents.  They 
These  two  high-class  cars  have  a  splendid  reputation, 

in  selecting  either  of  them.  Touring  cars  can  be 
pie   storage   room  for  private   owners,  who   can   rest 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


11 


THE  BANK  OF  HUNTINGTON 

HUNTINGTON,  L.  I. 


Just  about  twenty-six  years  ago  there  was  started  in  Huntington,  N.  Y.,  a  bank.  The  exact  date  is  July 
I,  1888.  The  institution  sprang  from  the  private  bank  of  the  late  James  M.  Brush,  Henry  S.  Brush  and 
Douglas  Conklin.  These  men  virtually  did  business  "over  a  soap  box,"  and  when  it  was  announced  that  "The 
Bank  of  Huntington"  was  to  be  opened  as  a  public  enterprise,  folks  were  inclined  to  laugh.  Today  the  bank 
is  the  best  known  on  rural  Long  Island,  is  the  ninth  strongest  bank  in  the  United  States,  is  the  second  strong- 
est State  bank  in  New  York  State,  topped  only  by  the  famous  Fifth  Avenue  Bank  in  New  York  City.  It 
occupies  a  place  well  toward  the  top  on  the  "roll  of  honor"  of  the  national  banking  world. 

The  rise  of  a  community  into  prominence  is  generally  the  rise  of  its  business  institutions.  Huntington 
is  a  good  example.  The  town  is  composed  chiefly  of  agricultural  and  residential  interests,  and  for  a  town  of 
about  6,000  inhabitants  it  is  practically  unrivaled  on  Long  Island  for  general  prosperity.  If  the  truth  be  told, 
the  Bank  of  Huntington  takes  a  very  large  percentage  of  the  credit  for  putting  the  village  on  the  map,  and  has 
much  to  do  with  the  solidity  of  its  present  financial  condition. 


The  Mercantile  and  Financial  Times  said  recently: 

"  *  *  *  when  an  institution  operating  or  doing  business  in  a  small  community  can  show 
on  a  capitalization  of  530,000  a  surplus  and  undivided  profits  account  more  than  six  times  its 
capital,  and  total  resources  of  almost  one  and  three-quarter  million  dollars,  it  is  indeed  a  most 
enviable  condition  and  a  decided  testimonial  to  the  abilities  that  have  been  and  are  directing  its 
affairs.  Such  is  the  condition  shown  upon  its  completion  of  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  existence 
by  the  'Bank  of  Huntington,'  which  institution  now  shows  a  surplus  of  $200,000,  deposits  of  more 
than  81,400,000,   and   total  resources  of  81,700,000." 

As  an  indication  of  the  value  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  Bank  of  Huntington,  a  short  time  ago  two  shares 
were  sold  at  auction.    One  share  went  for  $1,025  and  the  other  for  $1,020.    Par  value,  8100. 


OFFICERS: 


DOUGLASS  CONKLIN.  President. 
HENRY   F.    SAMMIS,   Vice  President. 


ROSS  W.   DOWNS,   Cashier. 

ADDISON  W.  SAMMIS,   Assistant  Cashier. 


WILLARD  N.   BAYLIS, 
HENRY  S.    BRUSH. 
CARLL  S.    BURR, 


DIRECTORS: 

GEORGE  WOODHULL   CONKLIN. 
DOUGLASS   CONKLIN, 
AUGUST  HECKSCHER. 


JOSEPH    IRV7IN, 
JOH.N  T.  ROBE, 
HENRY   P.    SAMMIS, 


J.  NEWELL  SAMMIS, 
THOMAS  YOUNG. 


Statement  of  The  Bank  of  Huntington,  N.  Y.,  May  2,   1914. 


Resources. 
Bills  discounted   $919,755.61 


Mortgages 

Stocks   and   bonds    

Real  estate    

Cash   on   hand 

Due  from  reserve  banks. 


98,462.05 

431,141.23 

16,000.00 

84,078.56 

170,478.23 

$1,719,915.68 


Liabilities. 

Capital  stock    $30,000.00 

Surplus    130,000.00 

Undivided   profits    106,143.38 

Due    depositors    1,451,046.61 

Due  banks  2,725.69 


$1,719,915.68 


12  Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


The  Eastern  District 
OF  Brooklyn 

WITH   FORTY-SIX 

PEN  AND  INK  SKETCHES 

BY 

Eugene  L.  Armbruster 

SIZE  5x7.     CLOTH  BINDING.     P.  P.  205, 
WITH  GENERAL  INDEX 

Price,  ^2-^^  Postpaid 

ORDER   FROM 

EUGENE  L.  ARMBRUSTER, 

263  Eldert  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


The  Eagle  Library 


Contents 


Page 

Sohquompuo   15 

The  Indians  16 

Dutch  and  English  Claims   17 

The  English  Towns   18 

Political  Division  of  the  Island   18 

Long  Island's  Population  at  Different  Periods 18 

The  Borough  of  Brooklyn  IS 

Towns: 

Brooklyn    20 

New  Utrecht    23 

Gravesend    24 

Flatbush  (and  New  Lots)  25 

Flatlands    26 

Bushwlck  (and  WlUiamsburgh) 26 

Newtown  (and  Long  Island  City)  27 

Flushing    29 

Jamaica    30 


Paga 
Towns  (Continued) : 

Hempstead  (and  North  Hempstead)   30 

Oyster  Bay   31 

Huntington   (and  Babylon)    33 

Smithtown    34 

Islip   35 

Brookhaven  36 

Southold  37 

Shelter  Island  38 

Riverhead    38 

Southampton    39 

Easthampton  40 

Statistics    40 

Long  Island  a  Century  Ago  41 

Map  of  New  York  Harbor 41 

Conclusion   43 

General     Index 44  to  48 


Illustrations 


Page 

Map  of  Original  Lake  15 

Map  of  Indian  Tribes  17 

Map  of  Roads  in  Kings  County  18 

De  Heere  Gracht    19 

Map  of  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire  19 

De  Hart  or  Bergen  House   21 

Gowanus  Stone  House   21 

Freeke's  Mill  and  Yellow  Mill  21 

Second  Breukelen  Church   22 

Long  Island  Ferry  Landing,  1740    22 

Fulton  Ferry,  1840   23 

Dutch  Church  and  De  Sille  House,  New  Utrecht 24 

First  Dutch  Church,  Gravesend  24 

Gravesend   Town   Hall    25 

Original  Long  Island  Church,  Middelwoud 25 

New  Amersfoort  Church,  Erected  1663  26 

Schenck  Homestead,  Canarsie   26 

On  Old  Woodpoint  Road,  Bushwlck  26 

Bushwlck  Church  and  Town  Hall  27 

Old  Bay  Tavern  on  the  Poor  Bowery  28 


Page 

Jackson  Tide  Mill    29 

Duryea  House,  Flushing  30 

Stone  Meeting  House,  Jamaica 30 

Cedarmere   31 

Monument  at  Near  Rockaway 31 

Youngs  House,  Oyster  Bay  33 

Lighthouse,  Cold  Spring  Harbor 33 

First  Presbyterian  Church,  Huntington  34 

Lefferts  Homestead,  Huntington 34 

Paper  Mill  on  Orlwie  Lake 35 

Fire  Island  Lighthouse 35 

Old  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Southold   37 

Horton  House,  Southold   37 

Mill  on  Mattituck  Creek   37 

Champlain    House,    Orient    37 

Mulford  House,  Orient   37 

South  View  of  Riverhead,  1840 38 

Sayre  House,  Southampton   39 

Payne's   Childhood  Home,  Easthampton    40 

Map  of  New  York  Harbor  in  the  Dutch  Times 42 


The  Eagle  Library 


Introduction 


j-— n — SE^  STRUS  STUYVESANT  reported  to  his 
"^^J^JStClB'  superiors  in  the  Netherlands,  on  taking 
office  as  Director  General  of  the  colony 
of  New  Netherland  in  1647,  that  "he 
found  the  colony  so  stripped  of  inhabi- 
tants, that,  with  the  exception  of  the 
English  villages  of  Hempstead,  Flush- 
ing and  Gravesend,  fifty  bouweries  and  plantations  could 
not  be  enumerated,  and  there  could  not  be  made  out  in 
the  whole  province  250,  or  at  the  farthest  300,  men  capa- 
ble of  bearing  arms." 

Thus  the  population  of  Long  Island  in  1647  may  be 
estimated  at  500  men,  women  and  children.  We  have 
the  figures  of  later  times,  viz:  In  1700,  about  9,000; 
in  1800,  42,391;  in  1900,  1,452,611.  In  the  next  decade 
the  increase  was  645,849,  or  approximately  19  times 
the  increase  during  the  century  from  1700  to  1800.  At 
this  rate  Long  Island  will  be  transformed  so  rapidly  that 
it  may  be  well  to  picture  the  old  towns,  while  it  yet  is 
possible,  while  we  still  have  some  of  the  old  landmarks 
with  us. 

The  first  fact  on  record  in  the  story  of  Long  Island 
is  the  arrival  of  the  Half  Moon  in  the  bay  of  New  York. 
Thompson  says:  "The  opinion  has  sometimes  been  ad- 
vanced that  the  bed  of  the  Long  Island  Sound  was  at 
some  remote  period  covered  by  the  waters  of  a  lake," 
etc.;  but  the  geologists  are  silent  on  this  subject.  Thomp- 
son also  says  "that  the  language  of  the  Montauk  was 
very  close  to  that  of  the  Narragansett  and  other  New 
England  tribes";  and  he  quotes  Heckewelder,  saying, 
"that  from  the  best  accounts  he  could  obtain,  the  Indians, 
who  inhabited  Long  Island,  were  Delawares,  and  early 
known  as  Matou-sjakes,  according  to  De  Laet  and  Pro- 


fessor Ebeling."  Silas  Wood  tells  us:  "It  appears  that 
Long  Island  had  been  overrun  by  hostile  tribes  and  many 
of  the  natives  must  have  been  destroyed  by  them." 

These  are  the  few  hints  we  have  regarding  the  history 
of  the  island,  while  occupied  by  the  Indians  exclusively. 
The  writer  has  endeavored  to  find  parts  of  the  unwritten 
histoi-j'  of  the  Indians  in  the  names  of  localities  on  the 
island,  and  the  story  of  Sohquompuo  and  the  chapter  on 
"the  Indians"  are  the  result  of  this  undertaking.     The 
Indian  names  of  localities  in  the  counties  of  Kings  and 
Queens  are  of  the  Delaware  dialect,  and  are  more  sig- 
nificant than  is  generally  believed;  the  Dutch  names  in 
many  cases  and  the  English  names  in  some  cases    are 
again  translations  of  the  Indian  names  of  these  locali- 
ties.   The  history  of  the  Indians  of  Long  Island  prior  to 
Hudson's  coming  has  been  a  sealed  book,  and  thus  no 
authorities    can    be    quoted;    the    absence    of    geological 
proofs    relating  to  the  formation  of  Long  Island  Sound 
makes   it   necessary   to   give   the   story   of    Sohquompuo 
simply  as  a  narrative,  although  the  writer  has  found  it 
indirectly  confirmed  by  the  recorded  history   in  a  higher 
degree  than  many  things  which  are  generally  accepted 
as  true  historical  facts. 

The  spelling  of  names  of  towns,  villages,  rivers,  Indian 
tribes,  sachems,  etc.,  is  not  uniform  throughout  the  book. 
This  is  due  to  several  causes.  The  old  documents  and 
records  were  written  by  men  who  had  come  to  this  coun- 
try from  all  parts  of  Europe.  These  men  took  down  the 
names  according  to  sounds.  Names  of  towns,  rivers,  etc., 
in  many  cases  were  corruptions  of  Indian  words,  which 
were  gradually  transformed  into  names,  more  agreeable 
to  the  ears  of  the  white  men.  Hence  the  great  variety 
of  spelling  in  names  of  the  same  localities  at  different 
periods. 


The  Eagle  Library 


LONG    ISLAND 


ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT 


SOHQUOMPUO. 

Captain  C.  was  a  native  of  Long 
Island;  the  farm  on  which  he  was 
reared  was  located  on  Manhasset  Neck, 
and  had  been  in  the  family  for  gener- 
ations. Here  he  lived  the  life  of  a 
farmer's  boy,  which  fitted  him  for  a 
future  full  of  adventures  and  hard- 
ships. His  only  recreation  was  to 
spend  an  hour  or  two  in  the  cool  of 
the  evening  upon  the  waters  of  the 
Sound,  after  a  day's  hard  toil  in  the 
fields.  Rowing  away  from  the  shore 
he  would  let  his  boat  drift  along  while 
he  listened  to  the  noise  of  the  water 
and  the  chirping  of  the  birds  and  thus 
became  familiar  with  many  secrets  of 
nature.  These  evening  hours  had  a 
great  fascination  for  the  boy.  One 
night  he  was  surprised  by  a  storm; 
he  had  not  noticed  the  change  in  the 
atmosphere  and  the  storm  was  upon 
him  without  any  warning.  He  tried 
his  best  to  reach  the  shore  but  _the 
boat  was  hard  to  manage  in  the  angrily 
splashing  waters;  it  was  driven  down 
the  Sound,  and  while  passing  a  rock, 
against  which  the  waves  dashed  furious- 
ly, he  thought  that  he  heard  the  sound 
of  a  human  voice  between  the  thunder 
crashes.  He  forgot  his  perilous  situa- 
tion, all  his  senses  were  concentrated 
upon  that  black  rock.  The  sky  was  of 
an  inky  color,  but  when  now  a  flash  of 
lightning  tore  the  darkness,  the  figure 
of  a  human  being  seemed  to  stand  on 
top  of  the  rock;   all  disappeared  in  a 


moment  and  the  storm  soon  subsided. 
Rowing  back,  he  tried  to  locate  the 
rock,  without  success,  and  reached 
home,  completely  tired  out,  at  mid- 
night. Many  times  afterward  he  went 
searching  for  the  mysterious  rock,  but 
in  vain. 

When  he  had  reached  his  twentieth 
year  he  left  home  and  went  West. 
After  many  adventures  he  crossed  the 
line  at  the  great  lakes  and  lived  for 
years  among  the  Indians  of  Canada; 
here  he  became  acquainted  with  the 
various  dialects  of  the  Algonquin 
tribes.  He  forget  civilization,  amass- 
ing a  fortune  in  the  fur  trade.  But  one 
thing  he  could  never  fully  forget — that 
black  rock  in  the  Sound.  Many  a  night 
while  lying  awake  in  his  wigwam  in 
the  wilds  of  the  far-northern  forests, 
he  vainlv  tried  »"  =olve  the  mystery. 
The  years  rolled  by  and  his  hair  was 
now  white.  No  matter  how  long  a 
man  may  have  been  away  from  home 
some  day  the  memory  of  that  place 
will  stand  out  so  clearly  that  he  is 
compelled  to  overcome  all  obstacles  and 
return  to  it,  to  see  once  more  the  place 
where  he  has  spent  his  childhood  days. 
This  happened  to  Captain  C.  and  he 
obeyed  willingly. 

We  meet  him  again  on  the  paternal 
farm  on  Manhasset  Neck.  His  parents 
had  closed  their  eyes  many  years  ago. 
His  younger  brother  lived  now  in  the 
old  home;  the  captain  decided  to  live 
with  him  and  his  fmni'-r     This  was  the 


only  place  in  the  world  for  him  with 
which  any  pleasant  recollections  were 
connected;  the  snow-covered  forests  of 
the  high  north  had  lost  much  in  his 
memory,  he  began  to  feel  his  age. 

Just  now  he  had  returned  from  a 
ride  on  horseback;  it  had  been  a  typi- 
cal August  day  and  now,  at  evening, 
heavy  clouds  began  to  gather  and  a 
storm  promised  to  bring  relief  by  mid- 
night. He  walked  down  Middle  Neck 
Road,  expecting  to  find  the  air  cooler 
near  the  shore  '^i-.o  waters  of  the 
Sound  had  not  lost  their  old  power 
over  him  and  he  decided  to  row  to 
Execution  Rocks  Lighthouse.  On  the 
way  his  mind  was  occupied  by  recol- 
lections, his  boyhood  and  later  life 
passed  in  review,  and  he  did  not  notice 
a  dense  mist  settling  over  the  water. 
The  rolling  thimder  made  him  look  up 
and  around  and  he  realized  that  he  had 
lost  all  direction.  The  night  grew 
darker  and  the  storm  broke  loose  with 
full  force;  the  boat  drifted  along  with 
the  water  for  some  time.  A  flash  of 
lighting  enabled  him  to  see  an  object 
ahead  of  him;  he  hoped  that  it  might 
be  the  lighthouse;  the  next  flash,  how- 
ever, showed  it  to  be  a  steep,  bare  rock, 
and  the  boat  was  alarmingly  close  up 
to  it.  The  memory  of  that  mysterious 
rock  of  long  ago  flashed  through  the 
captain's  mind;  a  moment  later  the 
boat  was  thrown  against  the  rock  and 
capsized.  Holding  on  to  the  upturned 
vessel,    he    managed    to     keep     above 


16 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT 


water  until  the  sky  was  lit  up  again. 
He  noticed  that  the  rock  fell  off  grad- 
ually on  one  side  and  he  pushed  the 
boat  in  that  direction.  Leaving  the  boat 
in  a  fairly  secure  position  in  a  split  in 
the  rock,  he  climbed  up. 

Exhausted,  Captain  C.  stood  still. 
Amidst  the  howling  of  the  storm  he 
imagined  he  heard  the  wailing  of  a 
human  voice.  Forgotten  was  his  exhaus- 
tion, danger  and  storm.  He  ran  into  the 
dark  until  he  stumbled;  a  flash,  fol- 
lowed by  a  terrible  crash  revealed  the 
figure  of  a  man  with  outstretched 
arms.  The  mystery  of  the  black  rock 
was  to  be  solved;  the  half  century 
which  had  passed  since  that  night  was 
wiped  away,  he  was  ready  to  face  any- 
thing in  order  to  succeed.  As  sudden 
as  the  storm  had  set  in  it  died  out 
again  and  the  moon  broke  through  the 
black  clouds,  flooding  the  rock  with 
silvery  light.  The  captain  walked 
toward  the  dark  shape,  it  was  the  fig- 
ure of  an  Indian.  His  arms,  before 
stretched  out,  had  fallen  down  on  his 
sides.  The  Indian  broke  the  silence; 
his  words  sounded  strange  at  first,  but 
the  captain,  familiar  with  the  dialects 
of  the  various  Algonquin  tribes,  could 
grasp  the  meaning  of  most  sentences. 
The  stranger  said: 

"It  was  a  night  like  this,  when," 
pointing  to  the  water  all  around,  "the 
rocks  were  swept  away;  down  the 
Sound  they  went,  tearing  away  large 
pieces  of  land.  Hundreds  of  men, 
women  and  children  were  killed.  Hob- 
bamock  had  told  me,  while  I  was  lying 
In  my  wigwam  half  asleep,  to  warn 
the  women  and  children,  but  I  had  not 
the  courage  to  go  upon  the  water;  the 
waves  were  angry,  and  I  fled  toward 
the  middle  of  the  island.  Many  died; 
all  are  dead — dead  for  a  long,  long 
time;  *Shoquompuo  alone  is  alive. 
Hobbamock  says  he  cannot  find  rest 
until  the  rocks  come  back  again.  My 
people  had  a  tradition  that  where  we 
now  stand  was  the  shore  of  a  lake, 
which  extended  eastward  beyond  Pau- 
manack,  the  Fishers'  Hook.  Many 
hundreds  of  years  ago  this  lake  was 
destroyed,  and  the  water,  rushing  down 
toward  the  open  sea,  broke  the  land 
Into  pieces  all  along  on  its  way.  It 
formed  many  islands,  which  the  pale- 
faces have  named  Fishers,  Gull,  Plum, 
Manhattan,  etc.,  islands;  it  also  made 
a  channel,  or  what  you  call  the  East 
River;  a  chain  of  rocks  across  the 
Sound  was  all  that  remained  here  of 
the  shore  of  the  lake.  About  the  time 
when  the  first  paleface  came  to  this 
continent,  way  down  in  the  South,  far, 
far  from  here,  Hobbamock  was  angry 
at  my  people,  but  he  did  not  want  to 
destroy  the  women  and  children.  He 
sent  the  rocks  down  the  Sound,  the 
waters  tore  away  pieces  from  our 
island,  which  fragments  the  palefaces 
now  call  Ward's,  Blackwell's  and  Gov- 
ernor's Islands.  Randall's  Island  also 
was  torn  from  the  main;  Manhattan 
Island  was  flooded  so  that  few  could 
escape  from  it.  Staten  Island  trem- 
bled all  the  time;  the  pieces  of  land 
were  thrown  against  it,  when  they  be- 
came piled  up  in  the  Narrows,  and 
the  waters,  held  up,  ran  over  the 
island.  When  the  Dutch  came  here 
they  were  told  of  this  and  they  called 
the  place  Stooten  Eylandt,  which 
means  the  island  which  was  tossed. 
The  goose-band,  living  upon  it  fled  over 
the  pieces  of  land,  which  were  pressed 
in  the  Narrows,  to  the  westerly  end  of 
our  island,  and  drove  my  people  away. 
They  made  a  village  there,  which  was 
known  as  Maereckkaakwick;  that  is, 
the  place  of  the  gray  goose-band. 
Staten  Island  was  later  occupied  by 
men  of  the  Manhattan  tribe,  who 
called  it  Aquehonga  Monacknong;  that 
is,  the  abandoned  place  of  the  goose- 
band.  Westward  from  Staten  Island, 
on  the  Jersey  coast,  lived  one  of  the 

•Sohquompuo — Fainthearted,    coward. 


wolf  bands;  they  also  fled  over  to  our 
island  and  settled  west  of  the  goose- 
band.  Their  totem  was  the  wolf;  the 
Dutch  called  them  bears  or  Canarsee. 
The  Maereckkaak  found  themselves 
crowded  and  renewed  their  warfare 
upon  my  people;  they  drove  them 
along  the  north  shore;  at  Nesaquake 
there  was  a  place  of  slaughter;  at  Se- 
tauket  they  dispersed  them  in  consecu- 
tive attacks;  at  Unkechaug  or  Patchoag 
they  were  finally  driven  apart  and  fell 
in  a  snare;  at  Secatoag  was  the  hid- 
ing place  of  the  last  who  remained  of 
their  number. 

"The  Canarsee  were  less  cruel  to  my 
people.  They  allowed  them  to  remain 
among  them.  One  band  was  called  by 
them  Mispat;  that  is,  a  separate  peo- 
ple. They  were  not  captives,  but  they 
were  without  the  power  of  alienation. 
The  Jamaica  were  of  the  same  class. 
They  had  given  up  their  land  withou'. 
resistance.  At  Keshkechqueren,  or  the 
bay,  and  at  Rechhouwhacky  they  had 
villages  of  their  own  tribe.  The  goose- 
band  started  a  village  near  here,  at 
the  stones,  which  was  called  Sintsink 
or  Matinecoc,  and  another  at  the  great 
river.  This  was  called  Marospinck,  or 
Matsepe.  Later  on  the  tribes  on  the 
Fishers'  Hook  took  the  last  of  my  peo- 
ple under  their  protection.  The  east- 
ern tribes  had  come  from  the  main 
across  the  Sound.  They  landed  at 
Corchaug,  the  old  place;  afterward  they 
spread  over  the  pine  lands,  and  be- 
came thus  known  as  Sinnecox.  When 
the  whites  bought  their  land  they  called 
the  most  eastern  band  Montauk,  or 
those  toward  the  east,  or  sunrise.  An- 
other band,  on  Shelter  Island,  they 
knew  as  Manhanset;  that  is,  on  the 
island. 

"Manhattan  Island  suffered  terribly. 
The  people  fled  from  it,  crying  out 
Manetto — that  is,  god,  for  they  knew 
not  what  had  befallen  them.  It  was 
supernatural;  way  beyond  their  com- 
prehension. The  island  still  bears  the 
name  Manette,  or  Manhattan.  When 
the  palefaces  came,  the  Indians  had 
a  few  small  places  upon  that  island 
to  give  shelter  during  the  hunting  sea- 
son. At  the  time  of  the  flood,  they 
had  fled  to  the  northern  limit  of  their 
territory,  and  that  part  of  the  band 
which  stayed  there  became  known  as 
Wecquaeskeek.  Those  who  came  south 
again  were  known  as  Manhattan. 
They  had  a  village  at  their  original 
place,  or  what  you  call  Yonkers.  They 
were  of  the  Wappinger  tribe.  The 
Wappinger  and  my  people,  the  Ma- 
touwacs,  were  of  the  Mahican  nation. 
The  Maereckkaak  and  Canarsee  were 
Delawares,  or  Leni  Lenape.  They 
were  called  Souwenos,  because  they 
came  from  the  southwest,  and  the 
land  which  they  had  taken  from  my 
people  was  called  *Sowanohke,  or 
Suanhacky.  In  later  times  the  Mae- 
reckkaak, or  Maereck,  removed  from 
their  first  place  on  the  most  western 
end  of  this  island  and  settled  among 
their  brethren,  taking  up  their  abode 
on  the  Great  South  Bay.  There  they 
became  known  as  Merricoke,  or  'Mer- 
ric'  " 

The  Captain  had  listened  to  the  old 
chief  without  interrupting  him.  Sud- 
denly the  shrill  whistle  of  a  Sound 
steamer  broke  the  charm.  He  looked 
in  the  direction  from  whence  the  noise 
came.  When  he  turned  his  eyes  back 
his  bronze-colored  friend  had  vanished. 
The  first  signs  of  the  new  day  ap- 
peared. 

He  felt  a  chill  run  down  his  spine, 
his  limbs  were  stiff  and  with  difll- 
culty  he  reached  the  boat,  and  rowed 
back  to  Sands  Point  Light.  The  cap- 
tain spoke  to  his  relatives  about  the 
adventure  of  that  night.  His  wish  was 
fulfilled,  the  mystery  was  solved.  He 
never  again  tried  to  find  the  rock.  Not 
many   years  later   he   closed   his   eyes 

•Land  of  those  from  the  Southwest. 


in  peace.  His  brother's  family  still 
lives  on  Manhasset  Neck.  The  project 
recently  mentioned  in  the  papers,  to 
construct  a  lake,  which  is  to  take  the 
place  of  the  Long  Island  Sound,  has 
vividly  brought  back  to  their  minds 
the  adventure  of  their  relative,  for  if 
it  be  carried  out,  it  will  give  to  his 
strange  acquaintance,  Sohquompuo,  the 
rest  which  he  has  been  longing  for  for 
ages. 

THE  INDIANS. 

The  Maereck  or  Maereckkaak;  i.  e., 
Goose  band,  a  tribe  of  the  Delaware 
family,  on  coming  over  from  Staten 
Island,  made  a  village  on  the  extreme 
western  end  of  Long  Island,  which  was 
known  as  Maereckkaakwick  or  Mary- 
chkenkwickingh;  i.  e.,  the  place  of  the 
Maereckkaak.  They  occupied  the  ter- 
ritory of  the  town  of  Brooklyn  with 
the  exception  of  Bedford  and  Binnega- 
conck  (Wallabout  village);  and  New 
Ltrecht  and  Midwout  (the  original 
town  of  Flatbush).  The  Maereckkaak 
also  sold  to  the  Dutch  Ward's  and 
Blackwell's  Islands. 

They  were  followed  by  another  Dela- 
ware band,  which  had  been  located  on 
the  New  Jersey  shore,  west  of  Staten 
Island.  This  band  established  a  vil- 
lage on  Jamaica  Bay,  which  was  called 
Keshkechqueren;  i.  e.,  at  the  bay.  They 
occupied  Gravesend,  Flatlands,  New 
Lets,  Bushwick,  Bedford,  Rinnega- 
conck,  Jamaica,  Newtown  and  part  of 
Hempstead.  They  also  sold  Governor's 
Island  to  the  Dutch,  which  latter  called 
them  Bears  or  Canarsee.  Barren  Island 
and  Coney  Island  together  were  prob- 
ably a  secure  place  for  the  women  of 
the  tribe.  Barren  Island  was  called  by 
the  Dutch  f  beeren  eylandt;  i.  e.,  the 
Island  of  the  Bears,  and  the  name 
Coney  Island  may  come  from  Konooh,  a 
bear. 

The  Canarsee  made  a  new  village  at 
Rockaway  Bay,  called  Rechouwacky; 
i.  e.,  "place  of  their  own  people,"  dis- 
tinguishing it  thus  as  a  place  where 
men  of  their  own  tribe  resided,  in  op- 
position to  Mispat  and  Jamaica,  which 
places  were  occupied  by  men  of  con- 
quered tribes.  The  Dutch  considered 
the  Rechouwhacky  or  Rockaway  band 
to  be  a  separate  tribe,  but  the  Canar- 
see chief,  Penawitz,  i.  e.  "one  of  a 
different  tongue  or  country,"  sold  all 
the  land  of  the  entire  tribe  to  the 
Dutch  in  1640. 

Tracts  of  land  within  the  limits  of 
the  Canarsee  were  granted  by  Director 
General  Kieft  in  1642  to  Tymen  Jansen 
behind  Dominie's  Hoek,  in  1643  to  the 
Rev.  Francis  Doughty  and  others  at 
Mispat,  to  Anthony  Jansen  from  Salee 
at  Gravesend,  to  Burger  Jorlssen  and 
Richard  Brutnell  at  Dutch  Kills,  In 
1644  to  Gysbert  Op  Dyck  at  Coney 
Island,  etc. 

The  Maereckkaak  soon  felt  the  need 
of  a  larger  territory,  being  closed  in  at 
all  sides  by  the  water  and  the  Canar- 
see; they  renewed  their  warfare  upon 
the  tribe  or  tribes  which  had  been 
driven  back  into  Queens  County.  The 
names  of  the  tribes,  thereafter  four  In 
number  and  located  in  Suffolk,  outside 
of  the  Sinnecox  confederation,  tell  the 
story  of  the  war.  The  Long  Island 
tribes  were  driven  along  the  north  side 
of  the  island;  at  Nesaquake  was  a  place 
of  slaughter;  at  Setauket  they  were 
scattered;  at  Unkechaug  or  Patchoag 
they  fell  into  a  pit  or  snare;  at 
Secatoag  was  the  hiding  place  of  those 
that  remained  of  their  number. 

The  Maereckkaak  established  in  their 
new  territory  a  village  on  the  water- 
way now  known  as  Massapeaque  River. 
This  place  they  called  Marossepink, 
Matsepe  or  Massapeaque;  another  one 
near  the  rocks  off  Cow  Neck  they  named 
Sintsink  or  Matinecoc.  In  16S9,  Mech- 
owodt,  chief  sachem  of  Marossepink, 
Sintsink  and  its  dependencies,  sold  all 
the  territory  of  the  tribe  in  Queens 
County   to   the   Dutch.     The   chiefs   of 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


17 


The  dotted  line  on  the  map  indicates  the  boundary  between  the  Souwenos  and  Mattouwacks,  which  is  identical  with  the  Suffolk  Count; 
line.  However,  the  Matinecoc  and  Massapeague  had,  during  the  War  of  1643,  retreated  into  the  lands  of  the  Nesaquake  and  Secatoag  and 
remained  in  possession  of  parts  of  these  tracts.  The  Eastern  tribes,  on  taking  the  four  old  Long  Island  tribes  under  their  protection, 
would  have  sent  the  invaders  back  to  their  own  territories,  but  were  probably  prevented  by  the  English  from  doing  so.  For  it  would 
have  established  the  title  of  the  Dutch  to  the  territory  of  the  town  of  Oyster  Bay  beyond  a  doubt,  as  the  Dutch  had  purchased  all  the  lands 
belonging  to  the  Matinecoc  and  Massapeague  in  1639.  But  now  these  tribes  occupied  lands  in  Suffolk  County,  to  which  they  held  no 
other  title  save  by  squatter-right,  and  the  English  acquired  these  lands.  On  the  strength  of  this  purchase  the  English  could  lay  claim  to 
other   lands   held   by   the   two   tribes   and   on   this   base  they   constructed  their  claim  to  parts  of  the  town  of  Oyster  Bay. 


Maereckkaakwick  sold  their  land  with- 
in the  town  of  Brooklyn  in  the  following 
year  and  the  band  removed  to  Najack, 
in  the  town  of  New  Utrecht.  In  1643 
the  war  broke  out,  and  after  peace  be- 
ing restored  in  1645,  Seysey  and  two ' 
other  chiefs  sold  the  land  within  the 
town  of  New  Utrecht  to  the  Dutch  and ; 
removed  to  the  land  along  the  south 
side,  in  Queens  County,  and  we  find 
them  recorded  as  Merric,  or  Merri- 
coke,  with  a  village  at  Hicks  Beach. 

Director  General  Kieft  granted  a  par- 
cel of  land  within  the  bounds  of  Mae- 
reckkaakwick as  early  as  1639  to  Thom- 
as Bescher,  near  Saphorakan,  at  Go- 
wanus;  this  land,  however,  had  been 
purchased  some  years  prior,  by  indi- 
viduals, from  the  Indians.  In  1640,  land 
was  granted  to  Frederick  Lubbertsen 
i;ear  the  Indian  village;  in  1641,  to  Jan 
and  Pieter  Monfort  next  to  Rinnega- 
conck;  in  1642,  to  Cornelius  Lambert- 
sen  Cool,  at  Gowanus,  and  to  Claes 
Cornelissen  Schouw,  near  the  ferry;  in 
1643,  to  Wouter  Van  Twiller,  at  Red 
Hook,  and  to  Jacob  Wolphertsen,  near 
the  Navy  Yard,  etc. 

The  Indians  on  the  eastern  end  of 
the  island  and  the  conquered  tribes 
called  the  Maereckkaak  and  Canarseo 
"Souwenos;"  i.  e.,  people  from  the 
scuthwest  and  the  territory  occupied 
by  them,  Sowanohke;"  i.  e.,  land  of  the 
Souwenos.  The  Dutch  gave  the  name 
of  sewan  or  zewand  to  all  shell  money, 
while  the  English  used  the  word  wam- 
pum. Thus  the  Dutch  understood 
Sowanohke  or  Suanhacky  (Delaware) 
to  denote  the  land  of  shell  money,  i.  e. 
Sewanhacky,  and  the  latter  name  ap- 
pears on  deeds  for  land  in  Kings 
County  of  1636.  These  deeds  were  for 
three  "flats"  in  the  bay,  called  Caste- 
teuw,  and  for  land  at  Gowanus.  In  1637 
Governor's  Island,  Blackwell's  Island, 
Ward's  Island  and  Rinnegaconck  were 
purchased  by  individuals,  and  the  first 
purchase  of  land  by  the  Government; 
i.  e..  the  West  Indian  Company,  was 
made  in  1638  for  the  territory  of  the 
town  of  Bushwick. 

The  Canarsee  and  Maereckkaak  sold 
their  lands  on  the  condition  that  they 
wore  to  be  permitted  to  remain  there- 
on, to  plant  corn,  to  fish  and  hunt. 
Certain  parts  were  set  aside  for  their 
use,  and  through  continued  occupancy 
tliey  acquired  a  certain  title  to  these 
regions— by  squatter  right.  When  the 
land  became  more  settled  and  these 
sections  were  required  for  farm  land, 
the  best  thing  for  the  whites  to  do 
was  to  purchase  these  plots  apain; 
this  was  done  with  Conorasset;  1.  e., 
the  planting  land  of  the  Bears  on  Ja- 
maica Bay,  by  the  town  of  Jamaica, 
and  with  the  greater  portion  of  the 
town  of  Middelburgh  or  Newtown.  The 
Canarsee  also  sold,  after  they  had  re- 
tired to  Staten  Island,  Sintsink;  i.  e., 
Htllgate  Neck  (not  to  be  confounded 
with  the  Sintsink  of  the  Maereckkaak), 


in  1664,  and  Bedford  in  1670.  New 
Utrecht  was  again  sold  in  1652  by  the 
Maereckkaak,  Hempstead  in  1643,  etc. 

Kanapaukah  was  the  waterland  of 
the  Bears,  along  the  East  River,  in  the 
tcwn  of  Newtown,  the  later  "Water- 
tide''  or  Ravenswood. 

The  Sinnecox  confederation  embraced 
the  Montauk,  Shinnecock,  Corchaug 
and  Manhasset  tribes.  Their  first  abode 
seems  to  have  been  the  Corchaug  ter- 
ritory; this  name  denotes  "the  old." 
When  the  plantation  of  Southold  was 
established  it  was  named  South  Old, 
to  describe  its  location.  The  eastern 
tribes  spread  later  out  over  the  Pine 
region  and  became  then  known  as  Sin- 
necox. Their  entire  territory  was  later 
covered  by  "the  three  Plantations," 
viz.:  Easthampton,  Southampton  and 
South  Old,  the  last  named  including  the 
later  towns  of  Riverhead  and  Shelter 
Island. 

The  deed  of  the  town  of  Easthamp- 
ton of  1648  was  signed  by  the  chiefs  of 
these  four  tribes;  the  chiefs  are  said 
to  have  been  brothers.  In  1645  the  Shin- 
necock chief  appeared  before  the  Dutch 
Governor,  representing  the  four  tribes 
and  the  neighboring  weaker  tribes, 
Setauket,  Nesaquake,  Unkechaug  and 
Secatoag,  which  they  had  taken  under 
their  protection.  Three  years  later,  in 
the  Easthampton  deed,  the  Manhasset 
chief  appears  to  be  the  leader,  and 
after  that  Wyandance,  the  Montauk 
chief,  takes  this  position,  and  he,  re- 
spected by  the  Indians,  the  English 
and  the  Dutch  alike,  held  this  place 
as  long  as  he  lived. 

Thus  the  whites  found  the  Indians 
of  the  Island  divided  into  three  dis 
tinct  parts.  In  Kings  and  Queens 
Counties  were  the  Canarsee  and  Mae- 
reckkaak, collectively  known  as  Sou- 
wenos and  their  territory  as  Sowan- 
ohke. The  Canarsee  were  divided  into 
Canarsee  proper  and  Rockaway;  living 
among  them  were  the  Mispat  and  Ja- 
maica bands.  The  Maereckkaak  were 
known  at  first  as  Maereck  or  Maereck- 
kaak at  Maereckkaakwick,  in  Kings 
County,  and  later  as  Merric  or  Merri- 
coke,  and  Matinecock  and  Massapeague 
in  Queens  County.  In  the  western  part 
of  Suffolk  County  were  the  conquered 
tribes,  known  as  Setauket,  Nesaquake, 
Unkechaug  and  Secatoag.  These  and 
the  Mispat  and  Jamaica  bands  wer. 
probablv  the  survivors  of  the  Matou- 
wacs,  who  formerly  had  inhabited  the 
entire  island.  In  the  eastern  part  of 
Suffolk  County  were  the  Montauk, 
Shinnecock,  Corchaug  and  Manhasset, 
collectively  called  Sinnecox;  their  ter 
ritory  was  called  Paumanack. 

The  Maereckkaak  and  the  Canarsee 
sold  their  lands  independent  from  each 
other;  the  deeds  read:  The  Canarsee 
fhief  sells,  or  else  the  chiefs  of  Mary- 
kPMwickingh  sell;  there  was  no  com- 
munion among  these  two  tribes.  When 
I  Wyandance    of   Montauk     became   the 


leader  of  the  Eastern  tribes,  about  1652, 
he  being  the  most  trusted  among  the 
chiefs  on  the  island,  had  to  append  hi.5 
mark  to  most  deeds  for  land  within  the 
territory  of  the  four  protected  tribes, 
as  well  as  on  other  places  on  the  is- 
land. When  Tackapousha  was  chosen 
chief  sachem  of  the  Western  tribes,  in 
1656,  the  Secatoag  formally  joined  their 
union;  the  Canarsee  were  reduced  by 
this  time  to  a  small  number.  In  1660 
Takapousha  is  called  by  the  Dutch 
the  "Chief  of  the  Savages  on  Long  Is- 
land." In  1669  Governor  Lovelace  in- 
quires whether  Takapousha,  of  Massa- 
peague, had  a  right  to  sell  the  lands  of 
the  Matinecoc,  in  1643,  and  whether  the 
Montauk  chief,  by  conquest,  had  power 
to  dispose  of  said  lands.  The  Hemp- 
stead people  replied  later,  in  1671,  that 
Takapousha  was  intrusted  by  the 
Matinecoc  to  sell  their  land,  and  the 
sale  was  confirmed  by  the  Great  Sa- 
chem of  Montauk.  About  1677  Taka- 
pousha appeared  before  Governor  An- 
dios  for  all  the  Indians,  as  far  east  as 
Unkechaug;  i.  e.  all  except  the  four 
En  stern  tribes. 

The  Indians  applied  the  name  Mat- 
touwac  to  the  island,  the  Dutch  Ge- 
broken  Land  or  Broken  Land,  is  a 
translation  of  it.  By  an  act  passed  in 
1693  the  name  of  Long  Island  was 
changed  to  Nassau,  but  this  name  be- 
came soon  obsolete. 

DUTCH  AND  ENGLISH  CLAIMS. 

From  the  time  of  the  earliest  set- 
tlement on  Long  Island  until  the  sur- 
render of  the  colony  of  New  Nether- 
land  to  the  English,  the  western  end 
of  the  Island  was  within  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Dutch,  whose  claim  in- 
cluded the  town  of  Oyster  Bay,  which 
claim,  however,  was  disregarded  by 
the   English.  .  . 

The  Plvmouth  Company  issued,  in 
1635  by  order  of  Charles  I,  letters 
patent  to  William,  Earl  of  Sterling, 
for  the  entire  Island.  Sterling  exe- 
cuted in  the  following  year  a  power  of 
attorney  to  James  Farrett,  to  dispose 
of  lands  on  Long  Island.  Four  years 
later  the  Earl  died.  His  grandson,  who 
had  succeeded  him,  survived  him  but 
a  few  months.  Their  heirs  surrendered 
the  grant  for  the  Island  to  the  Crown. 
The  settlers  on  the  eastern  end  were 
left  to  themselves,  and  regulated  their 
affairs  accordingly.  Purchases  of  land 
were  made  by  the  towns  and  were  in 
later  years  confirmed  by  the  governors 
appointed  by  the  Duke  of  York.  Van 
der  Donck  savs:  In  1640  a  Scotchman 
claimed  Long"  T.sland.  In  1647  Captain 
Andrew  Forester  of  Dundee,  Scotland, 
claimed  Long  Island  for  the  Dowager 
of  Sterling.  In  1660  Charles  II  ascended 
the  throne  of  England,  and  Winthrop, 
the  Governor  of  the  Colony  of  Connec- 


18 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


ticut,  was  sent  to  England  to  obtain 
a  charter.  In  1662  he  received  a  char- 
ter covering  the  territories  of  the  colo- 
nies of  Connecticut  and  New  Haven, 
and  now  the  colony  which  became  later 
known  as  Connecticut  Colony,  laid 
claim  to  Long  Island,  as  being  one  of 
the  islands  adjacent. 

In  1664,  in  the  month  of  January, 
Major  John  Scott  came  to  Long  Island 
with  some  royal  authority,  and  formed 
a  combination  of  );he  English  villages — 
Hempstead,  Gravesend,  Flushing,  New- 
town, Jamaica  and  Oyster  Bay — with 
himself  as  president.  On  March  12,  1664, 
Charles  II  granted,  by  letters  patent, 
to  his  brother,  James,  the  Duke  of 
York,  the  country  occupied  by  the 
Dutch,  together  with  Long  Island.  The 
Duke   appointed   Colonel   Richard  Nic- 


POLITICAL  DIVISION  OF  THE 
ISLAND. 

After  the  surrender  of  New  Nether- 
land  to  the  British,  Long  Island  was 
incorporated  with  the  Colony  of  New 
York.  In  1665,  Governor  Nicolls  called 
together  delegates  of  the  several  towns 
to  meet  at  Hempstead.  At  this  assem- 
bly Long  Island  and  Staten  Island  were 
created  into  a  "shire"  called  Yorkshire, 
and  the  Duke's  laws  were  formulated 
at  this  occasion.  Yorkshire  was  di- 
vided into  three  ridings  like  its  name- 
sake in  England.  These  were  divisions 
of  territory  for  the  convenience  of  the 
courts,  implied  in  the  Saxon  word  "try 
things,"  long  since  called  ridings.  The 


oils  governor,  and  to  him  New  Nether- 
land  was  surrendered  by  the  Dutch  on 
August  27,   1664. 


THE  ENGLISH  TOWNS. 

Lyon  Gardiner  was  the  first  settler 
on  the  eastern  end  of  the  Island,  locat- 
ing on  Gardiner's  Island  in  1639.  South- 
old  and  Southampton  were  settled  in 
1640,  Easthamptou  in  164S,  Shelter 
Island  in  1652,  Oyster  Bay  and  Hun- 
tington in  1653,  Brookhaven  in  1655  and 
Smithtown  in  1663.  Each  town  was 
in  the  beginning  a  colony  bj'  itself,  in- 
dependent of  each  other.  After  a  few 
years  they  voluntarily  placed  them- 
selves under  the  protection  of  the  New 
England  colonies.  Southampton  ob- 
tained, in  1644,  the  protection  of  Con- 
necticut; Easthampton  in  1657,  Brook- 
haven  in  1659  and  Huntington  in  1660. 
Southold  united,  in  164S,  with  the  New 
Haven  colony,  together  with  Shelter 
Island.  When  the  colonies  of  New 
Haven  and  Connecticut  were  united, 
in  1662,  and  a  new  clitirter  was  granted, 
including  in  the  territory  "the  islands 
adjacent,"  Connecticut  claimed  Long 
Island  as  one  of  these  islands.  This 
claim  had  the  support  of  the  eastern 
towns.  Oyster  Bay  also  placed  itself 
under  the  protection  of  Connecticut. 
The  other  English  towns  on  the  west- 
ern end,  within  the  Dutch  jurisdiction, 
were  trying  to  join  this  union,  and  then 
the  grant  of  1664  to  the  Duke  of  York 
was  made,  and  in  the  same  year  the 
Colony  of  New  Netherland  was  sur- 
rendered to  the  English. 


"shires"  in  England  were  also  called 
counties,  because  they  were  governed 
ijy  a  count  or  earl.  The  word  shire 
is  derived  from  Anglo-Saxon  "sciran" 
to  cut  or  divide,  and  means  "division." 
"York"  is  derived  from  "Ure"  and 
"wic."  L^re  was  the  name  of  a  part  of 
the  river  later  known  as  "Ouse."  "Wic" 
means  a  village.  In  Anglo-Saxon  the 
name  was  Eurewic;  the  old  Roman 
was  Eboracum. 

The  several  towns  had  up  to  this  time 
existed  without  having  their  bounda- 
ries properly  fixed.  The  settlers  of  a 
district  came  together  from  time  to 
time  to  regulate  their  local  affairs,  and 
these  men,  associated  for  the  purpose 
of  government,  constituted  the  town. 
Now  the  towns  were  recognized  and 
;  w^ere  required  to  take  out  patents  for 
'  the  lands  within  their  boundaries, 
which  the  towns  themselves,  or  else  the 
West  India  Company,  had  purchased 
from  the  Indians. 

After  the  reconquest  of  the  colony  by 
the  Dutch,  in  1673,  the  Island  came  soon 
again  into  the  possession  of  the  Eng- 
lish by  treaty,  and  the  Duke  of  York 
obtained  a  new  patent  for  the  province 
I  of  New  York  in  1674. 

The  present  Suffolk  County  had  con- 
.'itituted  the  East  Riding.  Hempstead 
Flushing,  Jamaica  and  Oyster  Bay  the 
North  Riding,  and  the  present  King." 
County,  Newtown  and  Staten  Island 
the  West  Riding.  In  1675  Staten  Island 
w.-is  sonarated  from  the  West  Ridins:. 

In  16S3  the  first  General  Assembly 
of  the  colony  met  and  repealed  some  of 
the  Duke's  laws,  the  ridings,  also,  were 
abolished,  and  the  Island  was  re- 
divided  into  three  counties,  viz.,  Kings, 
Queens  and  Suffolk.  The  town  of  New- 
town, formei'ly  a  part  of  the  West  Rid- 
ing, was  now  made  a  part  of  Queens 


County.  Kings  and  Queens  Counties 
were  named  in  compliment  to  King 
Charles  and  his  wife.  Staten  Island 
was  made  a  county  by  itself  and  named 
Richmond.  Richmond  was  the  title  of 
a  son  of  Charles. 

In  17SS  the  towns  were  recognized  by 
the  laws  of  the  newly  established  State 
of  New  York.  The  division  of  the 
Island  into  three  counties,  made  in 
16S3,  remained  in  force  until  Greater 
New  York  City  came  into  existence, 
which  took  in,  of  Long  I.sland  territory. 
Kings  County  and  a  large  part  of 
Queens  County.  In  1S99  Queens  County 
was  divided.  The  part  included  within 
the  greater  city  retained  the  old  name 
Queens  County  and  the  remainder  was 
incorporated  as  the  County  of  Nassau. 

LONG  ISLAND'S  POPULATION  AT 
DIFFERENT  PERIODS. 


Year. 

Kings. 

Queens. 

Suffolk. 

1698 

2,013 

3,565 

2,679 

1703 

1,915 

4,392 

3,346 

1723 

2,218 

7,191 

6,241 

1731 

2,150 

7,995 

7,675 

1737 

2,.348 

9,059 

7,923 

1746 

2,331 

9,640 

9,254 

1749 

2,283 

8,040 

9,384 

1756 

2,707 

10,786 

10,290 

1771 

3,623 

10,980 

13,128 

1786 

3,986 

13,084 

13,793 

1790 

4,495 

16,014 

16.440 

1800 

5,740 

16,916 

19,735 

1810 

8,303 

19,336 

21,113 

1814 

7,655 

19,269 

21,368 

1S20 

11.187 

21,519 

24,272 

1825 

14,679 

20,331 

23,695 

1830 

20,.535 

22,460 

26,780 

1835 

32,057 

25,130 

28,274 

1840 

47.613 

30,324 

32,469 

1845 

78,691 

31,849 

34,579 

1850 

138,882 

36.833 

3^,922 

1855 

216,355 

46,266 

40,906 

1860 

279,122 

57,391 

43,275 

1865 

311.090 

57,997 

42,869 

1870 

419.921 

73,803 

46,924 

1875 

509,154 

84,011 

51,873 

1880 

599,495 

90,574 

53,888 

1S90 

838,547 

128,059 

62.491 

Year 

Kings.        Queens.  Nassau. 

Suffolk. 

1900 

1,166,582 

152,999         55,448 

77,582 

1910 

1,634,351 

284,041        83,930 

96,138 

THE  BOROUGH  OF  BROOKLYN. 

The  Borough  of  Brooklyn  comprise.^ 
the  territory  of  the  County  of  Kings, 
one  of  the  three  original  counties  of 
Long  Island.  Until  eighty  years  ago 
Kings  County  was  the  least  among 
these,  not  only  in  area,  but  also  in 
population,  as  may  be  noticed  from  the 
following  list,  containing  the  number  of 
inhabitants  at  various  times. 

Kings.  Queens.  Suffolk. 

169S 2,013  3,565  2,679 

1749 2,283  8,040  9,384 

1800 5,740       16,916       19,735 

1830 20,535       22,460       26,780 

3835 32,057         25,130        28,274 

The  population  of  Kings  County  was 
thus:  in  1698,  2,013;  in  1800,  5,740.  and 
in  1840,  47.613.  The  increase  was  very 
slow  outside  the  limits  of  the  two  later 
cities  of  Brooklyn  and  Williamsburgh. 
Of  the  5,740  inhabitants  in  1800,  3,298 
resided  in  Brooklyn,  and  of  the  47,613 
in  1840.  36,233  resided  in  Brooklyn  and 
5,094  in  Williamsburgh;  and  the  number 
of  people  li\'lng  outside  of  these  two 
centers  of  population  was  in  1800,  2,442; 
and   in   1840.    6,286. 

A  description  of  the  other  towns  with- 
in the  county  in  the  year  1700  closely 
fits  the  state  of  things  in  1800.  In  1700 
the  land  was  nearly  all  under  cultiva- 
tion; a  century  later  some  of  the  farms 
had  been  divided,  and  the  number  of 
inhabitants  had  correspondingly  in- 
creased. During  the  first  four  decades 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  the  popula- 
tion rose  more  rapidly,  viz.:  from  5,740 
in    1800    to   47,613   in    1840,   yet   this   In- 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


19 


crease  was  mainly  caused  by  the  influx 
of  people  into  Brooklyn  and  Williams- 
burgrh,  where  ropewalks  and  factories 
had  been  built;  the  other  towns  were 
still    farming    districts. 

Indian  footpaths  connected  the  shores 
of  the  East  River  and  Jamaica  Bay. 
They  followed  the  line  of  least  resist- 
ance through  the  flats  or  level  lands, 
which  had  been  the  cornfields  of  the 
Indians  for  many  years,  and  these  flats 
the  white  men  were  eager  to  possess. 
Along  one  trail  settlements  were  estab- 
lished which  were  known  as  "het  veer" 
or  "The  Ferry,"  Breukelen,  Bedford, 
Middelwoud  and  Nieuw  Anicr.sfoort, 
along  another  trail  the  Boswijck  and 
"het  kruispad"  settlements  carne  into 
existence.  In  1636  several  settlers  bought 
lands  from  the  Indians  in  Flatlands, 
Flatbush  and  probably  in  Brooklyn.  In 
1638  the  West  India  Company  purchased 
the  territory  of  the  town  of  Bushwick 
and  during  the  following  two  years  the 
remainder  of  Kings  and  all  of  Queens 
County. 

The  Indians  had  been  friendly  toward 
the  settlers,  and  persuaded  by  them  to 
do  .so,  refused  to  pay  any  longer  tribute 
to  the  Mohawks.  They  were  attacked 
by  the  latter  and  were  nearly  extermi- 
nated. In  the  uprising  against  the  Dutch 
in  1643  they  sustained  further  losses, 
epidemics  also  reduced  their  numbers. 
When  the  second  uprising  of  the  In- 
dians in  the  colony  occurred,  in  1655, 
some  of  the  settlers  on  the  Long  Island 
side  of  the  East  River  wished  to  attack 
their  red-skinned  neighbors  and  to  drive 
them  from  their  planting  lands.  The 
remnant  of  the  Canarsee  tribe  disposed 
of  the  lands  which  were  in  their  pos- 
session, and  which  they  claimed  to  own, 
and  removed  across  the  Narrows  to 
.Staten  Island,  and  after  a  few  years  to 
other  parts.  The  last  one  of  the  Can- 
arsee tribe  died  aljout  1800. 

Until  1636  the  territory  of  the  present 
Borough  of  Brooklyn  had  been  a  wilder- 
ness of  marshes,  hills  and  woods;  a  few 
"plains"  with  waterways  on  two  sides 
were  cultivated  by  the  Indians.  Such 
plains  were  situated  between  Gowanus 
Creek  and  the  Walboght;  Gowanus 
Creek  and  East  River;  Newtown 
Creek  and  Bushwick  Creek;  Bedford 
Creek  and  Gerretsen's  Creek.  They 
were  traversed  by  the  Indian  trails  from 
river  to  bay.  There  seem  to  have  been 
a  few  white  squatters  located  on  the 
western  end  of  the  island  then,  but  doc- 
umentary nroofs  are  lacking. 

It  has  been  the  general  belief  that 
the  towns  founded  xmder  the  Dutch  on 
Long  Island  were  named  after  towns  in 


the  Netherlands,  at  the  time  when  each 
settlement  was  begun,  as  Breukelen, 
.Vmersfoort,  Gravesend,  New  Utrecht, 
Middelburgh,  etc.  When  settlements 
were  started  by  single  settlers  locating 
here,  nobody  thought  of  selecting  names 
for  the  same — they  were  dots  in  an  im- 
mense wilderness— but  within  a  short 
time  localities  became  known  by  spe- 
cific names.  These  names  described  the 
location  of  a  settlement,  generally  noint- 
ing-  out  some  peculiar  feature  of  the 
ground,  which  served  as  a  landmark. 
Thus  the  present  Flatlands  was  called 
"bouwery,"  or  district  of  Achtervelt,  i.e., 
the  bowery  or  plantation  in  the  rear, 
meaning  in  the  rear  of  the  hills,  from 
achtei-,  behind,   and  feld.   field. 

One   of   the   landmarks   considered   by 
the  Dutch  of  greatest  importance,  was 


j  caused  no  doubt  the  application  of  the 
j  name  Grenewijck  to  this  region,  from 
grenen  (fir)  and  wijck  (quarter,  district 
refuge,  retreat).  On  Van  der  Donck's 
map  of  New  Netherland,  1656,  is  a 
settlement  marked  Greewijck,  on  the 
site  of  the  later  New  Utrecht.  Several 
other  localities  received  their  names 
from  this  same  word  "grenen,"  as 
Greenpoint,  from  grenen  punt  or  grenen 
hout-punt.  Grenen  Berghen,  the  hills 
forming  the  boundary  line  between  the 
Towns  of  Newtown  and  New  Lots, 
were  anglicized  into  Green  Hills  or 
Cypress  Hills;  the  cemeteries  located 
upon  them,  viz..  Cypress  Hills  and  the 
Cemetery  of  the  Evergreens,  are  trans- 
lations of  the  original  Dutch  name,  both 
having  the  same  meaning.  Bennett 
and  Bentyn's  reasons  for  selecting  the 


DE  HEEBE  GBACHT,  OB,  GRAFT,  ABOUT  1645. 


a  forest  of  flr  trees;  it  must  be  remem- 
bered that  the  Netherlands  depend,  even 
to  this  day,  upon  other  countries  for 
timber.  The  low  lands  do  not  produce 
strong  and  tall  trees,  and  they  have  al- 
ways had  a  great  need  of  such  trees, 
suitable  for  masts  and  planks  for  their 
many  ships,  as  well  as  for  building  ma- 
terial. Thousands  of  majestic  flr  trees, 
taken  from  the  Black  Forest,  are  an- 
nually floated  down  the  Rhine  to  sup- 
ply the  demands  of  the  Netherlands. 

The  wooded    ridges   on   the   northern 
border   of  the   Town   of   New   Utrecht, 


Gowanus  region  for  a  plantation  may 
be  found  not  only  in  the  condition  of 
the  ground,  but  also  in  the  nearness 
of  the  wooded  ridges  of  New  Utrecht; 
as  the  settlers  needed  building  material 
to  erect  houses,  palisades,  fences,  etc. 

The  Dutch  settlements  originated  by 
individuals  settling  in  a  certain  neigh- 
borhood, each  one  by  himself,  and  as 
these  settlers  became  more  numerous 
the  Director  General  appointed  magis- 
trates, with  more  Or  less  power,  as  he 
judged  proper  in  each  case,  without 
any   uniformity  as  to  their  number  or 


20 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


title  of  office.  Their  dutj'  was  to  see 
that  the  fields  were  fenced  and  the 
fences  kept  in  repair,  to  open  a  com- 
mon road  through  the  settlement,  to 
erect  a  blockhouse  or  other  public 
building,  to  attend  to  the  division  of 
the  lands,  which  were  held  in  com- 
mon, provide  for  the  security  of  the 
settlement  and  decide  all  differences. 
Cases  in  which  sums  of  fifty  guilders 
or  over  were  in  dispute  could  be  ap- 
pealed to  the  Director  General  and 
Council. 

During  the  first  Indian  War  the  scat- 
tered farmers  had  been  advised  by 
Kleft  to  concentrate  themselves,  in 
1644,  and  again  in  1645.  After  the  second 
outbreak  of  troubles  Stuyvesant  Issued 
an  order  on  January  18,  1656,  that  vil- 
lages were  to  be  formed  in  the  spring 
to  reduce  the  danger  of  Indian  attacks. 
On  February  9,  1660,  the  final  order 
came  to  the  farmers  to  remove  their 
houses,  goods  and  cattle  before  the 
last  of  March  or  at  the  latest  by  middle 
of  April  to  the  villages  or  settlements 
nearest  or  most  convenient  to  them,  or 
with  the  previous  approval  of  the  Di- 
rector General  to  a  favorably  situated 
and  defensible  spot  in  a  new  palisaded 
village,  to  be  hereafter  formed,  where 
all  those  who  shall  apply  shall  be 
shown  and  granted  suitable  lots  by 
the  Director  and  Council,  who  would 
thus  be  better  able  to  protect  their 
good  subjects  in  case  of  any  difficulty 
with  the  cruel  barbarians.  The  last 
clause  of  the  order  led  to  the  forma- 
tion of  Boswijck  Village. 

The  planters  brought  the  produce  of 
their  farms  to  "de  heere  gracht"  on 
Manhattan  Island,  to  which  place  also 
the  Indians  came  with  peltries,  to  ex- 
change these  for  things  needed.  The 
gracht  or  graft  was  an  inlet  of  the 
East  River,  which  extended,  nearly 
paralleling  Whitehall  street  and  Broad- 
way, to  Wall  street  along  the  line  of 
present  Broad  street:  its  water  rose 
and  fell  with  the  tides  as  far  as  Ex- 
change place.  The  canal  was  crossed 
near  its  mouth,  at  "De  Brugh  straat." 
and  "Brouwer  straat,"  now  Bridge  and 
Stone  streets,  by  a  large  bridge,  and 
farther  up  by  smaller  stone  bridges. 
Near  the  river  shore  were  the  store- 
houses of  the  West  India  Company. 
Here,  too.  was  the  anchorage  ground, 
where  all  vessels  had  to  unload.  The 
boats  of  the  planters  were  drawn  up 
the  sides  of  the  gracht  and  the  farm 
produce  was  sold  from  the  boats.  The 
banks  of  the  gracht  formed  the  mar- 
ket place  of  the  colony  until  1656.  and 
the  bridge  was  the  commercial  center. 
De  Kermis  or  "annual  fair."  lasting  ten 
days,  in  the  fall  of  the  year,  was  inau- 
gurated in  1648.  From  the  gracht  ex- 
tended "de  smit's  vly,"  or  "the  smith's 
flat."  along  the  shore  to  the  Long  Is- 
land Ferry,  at  Peck's  Slip. 

When  the  ridings  were  created. 
Oravn^end  was  made  the  shire  town  of 
the  West  Riding.  This  communitv  had 
been  founded  by  Englishmen,  and  was 
the  only  town  in  the  later  Kings 
County  with  which  the  English  Gov- 
ernor could  transact  official  business  in 
his  own  language.  In  16GS  the  several 
towns  in  the  West  Riding  were  as- 
sessed for  a  Sessions  House,  to  be 
erected  at  Gravesend,  as  follows: 

£  s.  d. 

Gravesend   16  4  5 

Newtowne   26  2  3% 

Bushwick  5  11  2% 

Amersfoort  13  19  71^ 

Bruycklyn 15  3  n 

Flat  Bush   19  3  8 

New  Utrecht  7 

Staten  Island  6  14  10% 

Total   fllO 

The  other  settlements  carried  on 
their  legal  affairs  in  the  Dutch  tongue. 
Breukelen,  which  was  now  named 
Brookland;  Midwout,  now  called  Flat- 
bush;     Nieuw   Amersfoort,   now   called 


Flatlands:  Boswijck  and  New  Utrecht 
were,  therefore,  made  a  separate  dis- 
trict, under  the  appellation  of  "The  Five 
Dutch  Towns."  A  register  was  com- 
}nissioned  by  the  Governor  for  this  dis- 
trict, to  take  the  proofs  of  all  docu- 
ments, which  were  required  to  be  re- 
corded at  the  "Office  of  Records,"  in 
New  York  City,  where  certificates  were 
issued  with  the  seal  of  this  office.  This 
was  continued  until  1690.  The  Five 
Dutch  Towns  also  formed  an  ecclesi- 
astical society,  and  joined  in  the  sup- 
port of  their  ministers  until  the  colle- 
giate system  was  abolished,  about  the 
end  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

In  1840  the  Town  of  Williamsburgh 
was  separated  from  Bushwick,  and  on 
January  1,  1852,  the  City  of  Williams- 
burgh came  into  existence.  In  1852  the 
Town  of  New  Lots  was  separated  from 
Flatbush.  On  January  1,  1855,  the 
Cities  of  Brooklyn  and  Williamsburgh 
and  the  Town  of  Bushwick  were  con- 
solidated, and  incorporated  as  the  City 
of  Brooklyn.  In  1886  the  Town  of  New 
Lots  was  annexed  to  this  union,  fol- 
lowed, in  1894,  by  the  Towns  of  Flat- 
bush,  Flatlands.  New  Utrecht  and 
Gravesend.  On  January  1,  1898,  Brook- 
lyn became  a  borough  of  the  City  of 
New  York. 

The  taxable  property  of  the  Five 
Dutch  Towns  in  1675  was  valued  at 
£20,319,  and  taxed  at  1  stuyver  per 
pound.  The  tax  amounted  to  1.015  guil- 
ders and  19  stuyvers,  or  £84  13s.  2d.  In 
1676  the  tax  on  £19,892.14,  at  Id  per 
pound,  amounted  to  £82  17s.  8Hd.  The 
taxable  property  in  Kings  County  In 
IMl   was  valued   at  $2,456,061. 

The  regiment  of  militia  in  Kings 
Countv  consisted,  in  1700.  of  280  men. 
and  in  1715  of  255  men,  including  a 
"troop  of  horse"  of  52  men. 

The  population  of  Kings  County  was. 

16M 2.013.  including     296  blacks 

1703 1,915 

1712 1,925 

IVS 2,218,  including     444  blacks 

1731 1 2.150.  including     492  blacks 

1737  2.348,  including     574  blacks 

1749   2.283,  including     783  blacks 

175S  2.707,  Including     845  blacks 

1771 3.623.  including  1.162  blacks 

1786 3.986 

1790 4.495 

1800 5.740 

1810 8.303 

1820 11.187 

1825 14.079 

1830 20.535 

1835 32.057 

1840 47.613 

1845 78.691 

1850 138.882 

1855 216,355 

1860 279,122 

1865 311,090 

1870 419,921 

1f7S 509,154 

1S80 599,495 

1890 838,547 

1900 1,166.582 

1910 1.634.3B1  „      ^     ■   , 

\fter  Williamsburgh  and  Bushwick 
had  been  consolidated  with  Brooklyn 
the  population  of  Kings  County  m  185o 

was  as  follows  :  .  -r^     ^    1,0-'-^ 

Brooklyn.  First  to  Twelfth  Wards.148. ,  /4 
Brooklyn   (Williamsburgh).  Thir- 

teenth  to  Sixteenth  Wards 48.3b  i 

Brooklyn       (Bushwick),       Seven- 

teenth  to  Eighteenth  Wards ....     8.109 

Flatbush   

Flatlands  

Gravesend  

New  LTtrecht  

New  Lots  


3.280 
1.578 
1.256 
2.730 
2.261 


Total       -1*^'^°^ 

In  the  sketches  of  the  several  towns 
the  population,  number  of  houses,  etc., 
of  a  century  ago— census  of  1810— are 
given  for  the  sake  of  comparison  with 
present  day  conditions:  also,  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  in  1835  and  1840. 


TOWN  OF  BROOKLYN. 

More  than  fifty  years  ago  the  theory 
became  generally  accepted  that  the 
towns  of  Breukelen,  Amersfoort  and 
New  Utrecht  were  named  after  towns 
in  the  Netherlands.  The  three  names 
appear  on  the  map  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Amsterdam,  as 
well  as  on  the  map  of  New  Netherland, 
near  New  Amsterdam.  Believing  that 
the  first  chapter  of  the  story  was  lack- 
ing, the  writer  has  tried  to  find  the 
missing  part.  After  the  settlement  be- 
tween Gowanus  Cove  and  the  Wal- 
boght  had  become  known  as  Breukelen, 
the  other  places  were  later  named,  so 
as  to  have  three  towns  near  New  Am- 
sterdam, corresponding  to  those  near 
Amsterdam. 

The  first  settlements  In  the  colony  of 
New  Netherland  had  been  made  under 
"Patroons,"  and  the  Manors  of  Zwaan- 
endal,  Pavonia  and  Renselaerwijck  had 
been  granted  in  1630  and  1631.  This 
feudal  system  was  abolished  in  1638 
and  the  privilege  to  hold  and  cultivate 
land  in  allodial  proprietorship  was  ex- 
tended to  everj-body,  Dutchmen  and 
foreigners  alike.  Whosoever  should  con- 
vey besides  himself  five  grown  persons 
to  New  Netherland  was  to  be  recog- 
nized as  a  Colonist  and  could  occupy 
200  acres  of  land.  If  such  settlements 
of  colonists  should  Increase,  municipal 
government  was  promised.  Manhattan 
Island  had  been  reserved  to  the  West 
India  Company.  Staten  Island  and  the 
Jersey  coast  formed  the  Manor  of  Pa- 
vonia. The  latter  territory  was  bought 
back  from  the  Patroon  by  the  West  In- 
dia Company,  but  was  reserved  for 
tliat  corporation's  special  purposes. 
The  land  on  the  Long  Island  side  of 
the  East  River  was  now  purchased 
from  the  Indians  for  the  purpose  of 
starting  plantations  of  moderate  size. 
These  plantations  were  Inaugurated 
under  conditions  totally  different  from 
those  under  which  the  manors  had 
come  into  being.  Instead  of  paying  a 
fee— farm  rent  to  the  patroons,  the 
farmer  received  land  as  "a  free  loan;" 
I.  e.,  they  became  the  owners  of  the 
land,  subject  to  a  quit-rent,  consisting 
of  the  tenth  of  the  produce  of  their 
farms,  payable  "annually  to  the  West 
India  Company,  after  they  had  the 
plantations  under  cultivation  for  ten 
years. 

While  the  patroons  had  procured  as 
many  planters  for  their  lands  as  they 
possibly  could,  still  the  greatest  part 
of  their  immense  tracts  lay  waste,  and 
would  have  remained  in  that  state  for 
a  long  time  to  come.  Now,  by  granting 
smaller  parcels  to  the  settlers,  the 
West  India  Company  had  reason  to  ex- 
pect better  results,  for  each  farmer  was 
bound  to  cultivate  his  land  or  else  for- 
feit it. 

The  Dutch  word  for  manor  or  loan 
is  "leen,"  and  the  one  for  tenant  is 
"bruyker";  "bruykleen"  means  "a  free 
loan,  given  to  a  tenant  or  user  for  a 
certain  consideration."  The  name 
Bruykleen  was  given  to  this  experi- 
mental colony,  started  under  the  new 
regulations,  because  the  planters  were 
to  be  the  owners  of  the  land,  subject 
to  the  quit  rent,  which  was  to  be  paid 
to  the  West  India  Company.  Bruyk- 
leen was  the  name  of  the  original 
Dutch  colony  on  Long  Island,  the  name 
Breukelen  was  adopted  in  remembrance 
of  the  old  Netherlands  town,  when  a 
village  was  formed  in  1645.  At  this 
time  an  order  was  Issued  by  the  Col- 
lege of  the  XIX  to  the  colonists,  to 
establish  themselves  on  some  of  the 
most  suitable  places  in  towns,  hamlets 
and  villages,  "as  the  English  are  in 
the  habit  of  doing."  In  Kieft's  com- 
mission or  brief  of  1646  the  name  ap- 
pears as  JBreuckelen,  in  the  Nicolls 
charter  of  1667  as  Brueckelen.  On  va- 
rious other  documents  we  find: 
Breucklyne,      Brueckljm,        Breucklyn, 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


21 


Breuklen,  Broockeland,  Broockland, 
Brookland,  Bruycklandt,  Breuk  Land, 
Bruckland,  Breuklin,  Bruckline, 

Bruycklyn,  etc. 

The  first  purchase  of  land  In  the 
town  of  Brooklyn  Is  supposed  to  have 
been  made  at  Gowanus,  about  1636;  the 
deed,  however,  has  been  lost.  In  1639, 
Thomas  Bescher  sold  to  Cornells  Lam- 
pertsen  Cool  a  plantation  formerly  oc- 
cupied by  Jan  Van  Rotterdam.  Jan, 
being  indebted  to  the  West  India 
Company  at  the  time  of  his  death,  the 
land  reverted  to  the  company.  The 
name  of  that  locality  was  probably  de- 
rived from  Cowanes — briar.  Genista 
tinctoria,  a  shrub  used  for  dying  pur- 
poses. The  point  of  land  on  the  south 
side  of  Gowanus  Bay  was  called  by  the 
Dutch  't  Gheele  Hoek,  the  later  Yel- 
low Hook,  probably  on  account  of  the 
great  abundance  of  yellow  blossoms  on 
these  bushes,  which  may  have  attract- 
ed the  attention  of  the  man  who  named 
this  piece  of  land,  or  else  they  trans- 
lated the  name  used  by  the  Indians  into 
their  own  language.  'T  roode  hoek,  or 
Red  Hook,  may  have  received  its 
name  for  similar  reasons.  Roode  Hoog- 
ties,  or  Red  Heights,  was  the  name  of 
an  elevated  ground  on  Red  Hook. 
Rhode  Island  is  supposed  to  have  been 
named  by  Adriaen  Block,  "de  roode 
eylandt,"  on  account  of  the  redness  of 


THE  OLD  DE  HART  OR  BERGEN  HOUSE, 
Near  36lh  Street,  Gowanus.    View  in  1863. 


the  foliage  at  the  time  of  his  visit  to 
thi!  neighborhood.  Red  Hook  in 
Dutchess  County  is  said  to  have  been 
named  Roode  Hoek  by  the  Dutch  on 
account  of  a  marsh  near  by  being  cov- 
ered with  ripe  cranberries,  when  first 
seen. 

In  1637,  Kakapoteyno,  "the  Crow," 
and  Penhawis,  as  owners  of  the  dis- 
trict, sold  to  Joris  Jansen  de  Rapalle, 
a  piece  of  land  at  the  Walboght,  called 
Rinnegaconk,  from  woonkag-onck — 
"at  the  crooked  place;"  i.  e.,  at  tho 
bend.  In  1640,  Director  General  Kieft 
granted  to  Frederick  Lubbertsen  the 
land  at  Werpos,  between  Red  Hook  and 
The  Ferry.  The  Cripplebush  Patent 
was  granted  in  1654  to  settlers  located 
at  the  Walboght;  at  Bedford  a  settle- 
ment was  started  In  1663;  some  of  the 
Canarsee  chiefs,  who  had  removed  to 
Staten  Island,  laid  claim  to  the  land, 
and  the  town  of  Brooklyn  purchased  it 
from  them.  Bedford  is  probably  angli- 
cized from  Bestevaar;  i.  e.,  i^randsire 
or  old  man  ('s  place),  named  thus  after 
some  patriarch  who  was  tilling  the 
ground  here,  before  the  land  was  ac- 
quired by  the  town,  in  1663;  Marcus  du 
Susoy  had  a  plantation  near  this  re- 
gion, in  the  Cripplebush.  Iiipetong:a; 
1.  e.,  high  sandy  bank,  was,  according 
to  Schoolcraft,  the  Indian  name  of 
Brooklyn  Heights. 

During  the  Indian  uprising  of  1643, 
most  of  the  plantations  on  Long  Island 
were  destroyed,  the  houses  burned  down 
and  many  people  were  slain.  The  home 
government  urged  the  Director  General 
and  Council  to  do  all  in  their  power  to 
Induce  the  colonists  to  "establish  them- 
selves on  some  of  the  most  suitable 
places,  with  a  certain  number  of  in- 
habitants,    in     the   manner   of   towns, 


ha.alets    and    villages,  as  the  English 
are  in  the  habit  of  doing." 

After  peace  was  restored,  in  August, 
1645,  a  number  of  small  farms  came 
Into  existence  on  both  sides  of  the  old 
Indian  trail.  To  this  distinct  settle- 
ment the  name  Breukelen  was  now 
applied.  and  in  June,  1646,  the 
Director    General    and    Council  issued 


THE  GOWANUS  STONE  HOUSE. 
VIEW  IN  1848. 


a  proclamation,  wherein  they  said, 
that  "whereas  on  May  21st,  Jan  Evert- 
sen  Bout  and  Huyck  Aertsen  from  Ros- 
sum,  were  unanimously  chosen  by  those 
interested  in  Breukelen,  situate  on 
Long  Island,  as  schepens  to  decide  all 
questions  which  may  arise,  as  they 
sl-all  deem  proper,  according  to  the  Ex- 
emptions of  New  Netherlands,  granted 
10  particular  colonies,  which  election  is 
subscribed  by  them,  with  express  stip- 
ulation that  if  anyone  refuse  to  submit 
in  the  premises  aforesaid  to  the  above- 
mentioned  Jan  Evertsen  and  Huyck 
Aertsen,  he  shall  forfeit  the  right  he 
claims  to  land  in  the  allotment  of 
Breukelen,  and  in  order  that  e">9iry 
thing  may  be  done  with  more  author 
ity,  we,  the  Director  and  Council  afore- 
said, have  therefore  authorized  and  ap- 
pointed and  do  hereby  authorize  the 
said  Jan  Evertsen  and  Huyck  Aertsen 
to  be  schepens  of  Breukelen,  and  in 
case  Jan  Evertsen  and  Huyck  Aertsen 
di.  hereafter  find  the  labor  too  onerous, 
they  shall  be  at  liberty  to  select  two 
more  from  among  the  inhabitants  of 
Breukelen  to  adjoin  them  to  them- 
.selves.    We  charge  and  command  every 


nelis  Van  Tienhoven,  on  March  11, 
1647,  for  a  piecj  of  land  which  had 
loen  surveyed  by  the  Surveyor,  Adrian 
Hudde  for  Jan  Aertsen,  and  the  latter 
had  failed  to  improve  the  land,  the 
location  is  described  as  follov/s:  "Situ- 
ate in  the  allotment  of  Breukelen,  for- 
merly called  Marechkawick." 

About  1657  the  lots  in  the  settlement 
were  reduced  from  small  farms  to 
house  and  garden  lots  and  a  more 
compact  village  was  established. 
Thompson  remarks  in  his  History  of 
Long  Island  that  there  are  on  record 
many  references  to  a  general  town 
patent  granted  to  Breukelen  by  Stuy- 
vesant  in  1657. 

On  February  9,  1660,  an  ordinance 
was  passed  in  relation  to  the  establish- 
ment of  villages,  and  it  became  now 
compulsory  for  the  farmers  to  remove 
to  the  villages.  Stuyvesant's  order 
says:  "We  have  war  with  the  In- 
dians, who  have  slain  several  of  our 
Netherland  people."  An  order  of  Feb- 
ruary 23,  1660,  reads  as  follows: 
"Whereas  it  is  highly  necessary  that 
the  lately  formed  villages  of  Breuke- 
len and  Utrecht  be  surveyed,  enclosed 
with  palisades,  and  put  in  a  good  state 
of  defense  as  quickly  as  possible, 
therefore  the  Director  General  and 
Council  have  hereby  specially  commis- 
sioned and  authorized  the  Honorable 
Nicasius  de  Sille,  Councillor  and  Fiscal 
of  New  Netherland,  to  have  this  nec- 
essary work  quickly  done,  using  all 
possible  means  and  making  such  ar- 
rangements thereto  as  he  shall  think 
1  est  for  the  public  good  and  the  inhab- 
itants especially." 

The  motto  in  the  corporation  seal  of 
Brooklyn,  "Eendraght  maakt  maght," 
is  a  free  translation  of  the  Latin  motto 
in  the  seal  of  the  Republic  of  the  Seven 
I'nited  Provinces  of  Holland:  "Con- 
cordia res  parvae  crescunt,"  which  lit- 
erally means  "By  unity  little  things 
ii. crease."  The  motto  in  its  Dutch  form 
I',  found  as  early  as  1556  In  the  coat  of 
arms  of  William  the  Silent,  Prince  of 
Cirange.  Wlien  the  Repul^IIc  of  the 
Seven  United  Provinces  of  Holland  was 
formed,  in  1579,  William  of  Orange  was 
invited  to  become  its  leader. 

The  Dutch  mctto  in  the  seal  of 
Brooklyn  proves  that  the  seal  came 
into  use  during  the  Dutch  administra- 
tion, as  Its  adoption  in  later  years 
would  have  brousht  the  displeasure  of 


FREEKE'S  MILL,  WITH  YELLOW  MILL  IN  DISTANCE. 


inhabitant  of  Breukelen  to  acknowl 
edge  and  respect  the  above-mentioned 
Jan  Evertsen  and  Huyck  Aertsen  as 
their  schepens,  and  if  anyone  shall  be 
found  to  exhibit  contumaciousness  to- 
wards them  he  shall  forfeit  his  share 
as  above  stated.  On  December  1st  of 
the  same  year  Jan  Teunlssen  was  ap- 
pointed Schout  of  Breukelen,  and  thus 
the  town  was  established,  in  1646.  In 
the  patent  granted   to   Secretary   Cor- 


any  one  of  the  English  Governors  upon 
the  town.  Thus  the  seal  must  have 
been  created  by  Stuyvesant,  for  under 
his  rule  a  voluntary  adoption  of  it 
was  out  of  question;  all  matters  of  this 
kind  were  regulated  by  the  authori- 
ties on  Manhattan  Island.  The  be- 
stowal of  the  motto  in  the  seal  of  the 
Fatherland  upon  the  settlement  shows 
that  the  founding  of  the  Bruykleen 
colony  was  looked  upon   by  the   Gov- 


22 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


ernor  as  the  beginning-  of  a  new  era 
in  the  colonization  of  New  Netherland. 
In  the  absence  of  positive  proof,  cir- 
cumstantial evidence  is  admissible,  and 
thus  it  must  be  remembered  that  Stuy- 
\esant  in  1660  issued  an  order  directing 
all  Colonists  to  remove  from  their  ex- 
posed farms  and  to  concentrate  them- 
selves within  the  neighboring  towns. 
He  then  laid  out  Bushwick,  naming  it 
"Eoswijck."  This  name  signifies  a  col- 
lection of  small  things,  packed  close 
together  (bos)  and  refuge  (wijck). 
I'latbush,  also  settled  under  Stuyve- 
sant,  but  prior  to  Bushwick,  was 
known  as  't  Vlakkebos,  and  also  as 
Middelwoud  or  Midwout.  The  first 
name  means  a  collection  of  small 
things  packed  close  together  on  the 
plain,  and  the  second  name  means 
surrounded  by  forest.  The  two  words 
seem  to  have  formed  a  compound  name 
in    the    earliest    days.      The    motto    in 


New  Amsterdam,  made  in  1653,  that  the 
city  should  have  a  seal,  wrote  to  Sluy- 
vesant:  "We  have  decreed  that  a  seal 
for  the  City  of  New  Amsterdam  shall 
be  prepared  and  forwarded."  The  seal 
v/as  sent  across  the  sea,  and  in  De- 
cember of  the  same  year  the  Director 
General  delivered  to  the  presiding  Bur- 
gomaster, Mart.  Crigier,  the  painted 
coat  of  arms  with  the  seal  of  New  Am- 
sterdam and  the  Silver  Signet,  which 
was  sent  by  the  Directors.  This  inci- 
dent may  have  caused  Stuyvesant  to 
create  also  a  seal  for  the  Bruykleen 
Colony. 

In  response  to  a  letter  of  Adrian 
liegeman.  Secretary  of  the  Courts  of 
Midwout,  Amersfoort,  Breukelen  and 
Now  Utrecht,  Stuyvesant  issued  an  or 
der  on  February  14,  1664,  "to  take  care 
that  no  deed  or  mortgage  of  any  piece 
of    land,    house    or    lot    be    passed,    of 


SECOND  BKEUKELEN  CHURCH  EDIFICE,  ERECTED  1706. 


the  seal  "Eendraght  maakt  maght"  is[ 
usually  translated  Unity  makes 
strength.  Still,  we  have  seen  that  the 
motto  is  a  free  translation  of  the  Latin 
motto,  which  literally  translated  means 
"By  unity  little  things  increase."  The 
man  who  selected  the  phrase  for  the 
seal's  motto  would  also  coin  the  names 
of  Boswijck  and  Midwout.  The  phrase- 
ology is  very  similar. 

In  1654  the  Directors  of  the  West 
India  Company  at  Amsterdam,  refer- 
ling  to  a  request  of   the   burghers   ofj 


which  no  proper  patent  can  be  pro- 
duced, so  that  our  good  inhabitants 
may  not  be  cheated  and  misled,  for 
deeds  and  mortgages  of  property  for 
which  no  patent  has  been  issued  are 
null  and  void.  In  passing  deeds,  mort- 
gages, etc.,  you  will  use  the  seal  sent 
herewith  until  further  orders."  This 
probably  was  the  seal  later  known  as 
the  seal  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn,  but 
originally  used  for  all  the  territory  of 
the  Bruykleen  colony. 
In  the   month   of  April  of  the  same 


year,  Breukelen,  Amersfoort  and  Mld- 
j  wout  obtained  full  municipal  govern- 
ment. Breukelen  had  now  four  schep- 
ens  instead  of  two,  Midwout  had  three, 
Amersfoort  two,  and  there  was  a  Su- 
perior District  Court,  composed  of 
delegates  from  each  town  court,  to- 
gether with  the  sohout. 

The  face  of  the  country  in  the  town 
of  Brooklyn  was  broken  and  uneven, 
the  soil  of  various  qualities,  along  the 
New  York  Bay  considerably  stony,  but 
favorable  for  agriculture,  and  the  gen- 
eral character  of  the  soil  rather  light, 
though  productive.  Breukelen,  the 
name  of  the  town  in  the  Netherlands, 
denotes  "marshy  land,"  and  is  also  ap- 
propriate for  the  site  of  the  original 
long  Island  village.  The  name  Brook- 
ItLUd  was  applied  by  the  English  to 
thr  town,  it  being  a  free  translation  of 
thp  Dutch  name.  The  tow.i  of  Breuke- 
len was  organized  in  1646,  Brooklyn  vil- 
lage was  incorporated  as  a  fire  dis- 
trict In  1801,  and  as  a  village  in  1816, 
and  the  City  of  Brooldyn  in  1834.  Be- 
sides Breukelen  there  were  other  set- 
tlements within  the  town  limits,  known 
as  Gowanis  or  Gowanus,  Bedford, 
Kreupelbosch  or  Cripplebush,  Het  Veer 
or  the  Ferry,  VA'alboght  or  Wallabout, 
Roode  Hoek  or  Red  Hook,  Gheele  Hoek 
or  Yellow  Hook,  and  in  later  times 
there  were  sections  known  as  South 
Brooklyn,  North  Brooklyn,  East  Brook- 
lyn, West  Brooklyn  and  New  Brook- 
lyn. 

The  Dutch  church  was  organized  in 
1060,  when  the  population  consisted  of 
134  persons,  in  thirty-one  families.  The 
congregation  used  a  barn  for  a  placo 
of  worship  until  1666,  when  a  church 
edifice  was  erected  in  the  middle  of  the 
tcwn  road.  A  new  structure  was  built 
on  the  same  site  in  1706,  a  third  one 
on  Joralemon  street  in  1810,  which  was 
replaced  by  a  fourth  one  on  the  same 
site;  this,  too,  has  been  removed  and 
ihn  church  has  been  transplanted  to 
another  section. 

.\s  early  as  1642  a  rowboat  ferry  was 
operated  by  Cornells  Dircksen  between 
JN  anhattan  Island  and  Long  Island, 
with  landing  places  on  both  shores  on 
ground  owned  by  this  farmer.  In  1G54 
the  municipal  government  of  New  Am- 
sterdam took  over  the  control  of  the 
ferry,  and  in  1699  a  new  ferry  house 
was  erected  by  the  corporation  at  the 
Long  Island  shore.  The  illustration 
shows  the  little  ferry  house  and  the 
new  stone  building,  the  barn  and  the 
cattle  pen.  In  1707  new  landing  places 
were  established  on  the  New  York  side. 
On  Mondays  and  Thursdays  the  boats 
landed  at  Countess  Key  (Maiden  lane), 
on  Tuesdays  and  Fridays  at  Burgher's 
path      (Hanover     square),       and       on 


FERRY  LANDING,  LONG  ISLAND,    1740. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


23 


*-^>j-WJ!SJlesdays  and  Saturdays  at  Coenties 
Slip.  In  1717  two  ferries  were  estab- 
lished, running  from  the  original  Long  { 
Island  landing,  the  present  Fulton  i 
street,  the  one  v.as  called  the  Nassau 
Ferry,  which  carried  passengers  as  well 
as  goods  and  cattle  to  the  three  slips 
mentioned;  the  other,  called  the  New 
1  ork  Ferry,  conveyed  only  passengers 
and  goods  to  the  slip  at  Burgher's  path 
and  to  "the  great  dock"  at  Broad 
street,,  the  former  "heeregracht."  The 
Long  Island  Ferryhouse,  erected  in 
I'iPD,  was  burned  down,  supposedly  by 
incendiaries  .about  1747,  and  a  new 
stone  building  was  erected  in  1749  by 
the  corporation  of  New  York.  It  was 
used  as  a  tavern  and  was  known  as 
"the  Corporation  house";  this  building 
was  destroyed  bv  fire  in  1812.  The  New 
York  ferry  established  in  1717,  was 
later  discontinued  and  only  one  ferry 
line  was  running  for  many  years.  In 
1774,  three  ferries  were  established,  one 
to  Coenties  Slip,  another  to  Fly  Slip 
(Maiden  lane),  and  a  third  to  Peck  Slip, 
the  original  site  of  the  ferry.  On  the 
Long  Island  side  were  now  for  some 
years  two  landing-places,  one  at  "The 
bid  Ferry"  and  another  at  present  At- 
lantic avenue,  at  Philip  Livingstone's 
Wharf.  "The  New  Ferry"  from  Main 
street,  Brooklyn,  to  Catherine  street. 
New  York,  was  opened  in  1795. 

William  A.'irianse  Bennett,  one  of  the 
first  settlers,  erected  his  house  on  Gow- 
anus  Cove;  it  was  destroyed  during  the 
Indian  War  of  1S43;  on  its  foundations 
was  later  the  Schermerhorn  Mansion 
erected.  The  De  Hart  or  Bergen  house, 
in  the  same  neighborhood,  was  bqilt 
some  thirty  years  after  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  Bennett  house.  The  Vechte 
Cortelyou  or  Gowanus  stone  house,  was 
built  in  1693.  The  Debevoise  mansion, 
standing  near  the  church,  and  later 
known  as  the  Duflield  house,  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire  in  1857;  in  the  rear  of 
the  house  was  the  burial  place  of  the 
Diiffield  family.  The  "old  Gowanus 
Mill"  and  the  Yellow  Hook  Mill  were 
burned  in  1776  by  the  British.  The 
Gowanus  Mill  was  the  oldest  mill 
structure  in  the  town,  others  were  the 
P.ed  Hook,  Cols's,  Luqueer's  and  Rem- 
sen  mills.  The  last  mentioned  stood  at 
or  near  the  site  of  the  tide  mill,  built 
at  an  early  period  at  the  head  of  Wal- 
labout  Bav.  The  Rapalje  Mansion, 
near  the  ferry,  built  of  stone,  was 
taken  down  in  :S16.  The  old  Rem  Lef- 
ferts  house,  at  Bedford,  was  torn  down 
in  1340,  the  Leffert  Lefferts  house,  near 
by,  in  1877  and  the  Nicholas  Bloom 
house,  which  stood  near  these  two  Lef- 
ferts houses  and  had  come  into  the 
possession  of  Leffert  Lefferts  in  1791, 
was  demolished  in  1909.  The  land  oc- 
cupied bv  the  Navy  Yard  -was  ceded 
by  the  State  of  New  York  to  the  i  ed- 
oral  Government  in  1807. 

In  1810,  Brooklyn  had  a  population 
cf  4,402,  and  there  were  400  houses,  50  to 
CO  ships  (brigs  and  schooners)  docked 
annuallv  at  its  wharves,  and  there 
were  then  6  grain  or  tide  mills,  3  maga- 
zines for  storage  of  gunpowder,  sev- 
eral distilleries,  3  ropewalks,  1  Epis- 
ronal  stone  church,  1  Reformed  Dutch 
stone  church,  1  Methodist  church,  l 
poor  house,  2  market  houses,  construct- 
ed of  wood,  and  situated  on  the  open 
spaces  near  the  old  and  new  ferries. 
I'he  one  at  the  old  ferry  was  estab- 
lished in  1675,  and  both  were  aboli-shed 
in  1814  The  postoffice  of  Kings  County 
n-as  in  this  town,  and  was  a  principal 
point  of  concentration  for  all  the  stage 
and  other  roads  on  the  island.  There 
was  one  weekly  newspaper.  A  draw- 
bridge was  at  this  time  contemplated 
to  connect  Brooklyn  with  New  York. 
There  wore  sixty-one  freeholders  -with- 
in this  town  in  1706.  and  m  1802  their 
number  had  increased  to  eipty-s's:- 
The  population  of  the  town  of  Brook- 
Ivn  was  in 


170G  at  £3,112,  and  the  tax  amounted  to 
i'-ll;  the  valuation  in  1810  was  $1,175,- 
5:^.9 ;  in  1824  it  was  $2,600,000,  and  the  tax 
amounted  to  $7,000;  in  1834  the  valua- 
tion   was    $7,257,473. 


TOWN   OF   NEW   UTRECHT. 

Cornells  Van  Werckhoven,  a  director 
of  the  West  India  Company,  purchased 
on  November  22,  1652,  from  Seiseu  and 
Mattano,  chiefs  and  owners,  the  terri- 
tory of  the  later  town  of  New  Utrecht, 
"as  the  same  has  previously  been 
bought  on  behalf  of  the  Honorable 
Company,  and  for  which  payment  was 
to  be  made  yet."  On  December  1  of 
the  same  year  he  secured  from  Mat- 
tano, Mattaveno  and  Cossikan,  on  be- 
half of  themselves  and  as  attorneys 
for  all  other  inhabitants  and  supposed 
owners  of  the  land  now  come  into  the 


ISOO    3,298|1sr<E 


25,31: 


1810    4,402 

1820    7.175 

1830    15,292 


1840    36,233 

1345    59,574 

1850    96.838 


FULTON  FERRY,   1840. 


The  taxable  property  was  valued  in 


possession  of  Van  'Werckhoven  by  the 
foregoing  act,  their  promise  "to  remove 
immediately  from  the  land  now  occu- 
pied by  them,  called  Naieck."  After 
starting  a  settlement  at  Nayack,  which 
is  called  "Greewyck"  on  Van  der 
Donck's  map.  Van  Werckhoven  went 
to  Holland,  with  the  intention  of  re- 
turning. He  died,  however,  there  in 
1655. 

Jacques  Corteleau,  the  tutor  of  Van 
Werckhoven's  son,  asked  the  Director 
General  and  Council  on  January  16, 
1657,  as  the  agent  of  the  heirs  of  Cor- 
nells Van  Werckhoven,  for  permission 
"to  establish  a  village  on  Long  Island, 
on  the  bay  of  the  North  River."  His 
request  being  granted,  he  laid  out  and 
surveyed  the  place,  dividing  it  into 
twenty  lots  of  twenty-five  morgen  each. 
The  village  was  named  New  Utrecht, 
in  honor  of  Van  Werckhoven's  birth- 
place Nicasius  de  aille,  the  Fiscal  or 
Attorney  General  of  New  Netherland, 
was  among  the  settlers;  he  built  his 
house  here  in  1657,  which  stood  for  two 
ctntuiies:  in  this  building  General 
WoodhuU  expired  from  his  wounds  in 

1776.  .  ^     „„ 

Stuyvesant     granted    on    August    -(, 

1657  to  the  newly  begun  village  of  New 
Utrecht,  one  hundred  and  thirty  mor- 
gen of  meadowland  "on  the  east  hook 
of  the  bay  of  the  North  River,  oppo- 
site   Coney    Island."      On     August     13, 

1658  Anthony  Jansen  from  Salee 
proved  to  the  Director  General  that  he 
had  bought  the  aforesaid  meadow  from 
the  Indians  on  September  26,  1651,  and 
as  he  had  no  other  meadow  for  mak- 
ing hay,  part  of  the  meadow  nearest 
to  his  house  was  given  to  him. 

It  appears  that  Jacques  Corteleau 
was  the  owner  of  the  neck  of  land 
called  Nayack,  the  site  of  the  present 
Fort  Hamilton.  He  also  was  a  lot- 
holder  in  the  village  of  New  Utrecht, 
and  resided  there,  no  doubt,  during 
the  last  years  of  Stuyvesant's  admin- 
istration." On  his  land,  on  the  neck,  he 
.allowed  the  "Nayack  Indians;  '  i.  e., 
Manhattan  Indians,  who  had  removed 
to  this  place  from  Staten  Island,  to 
remain  for  many  years,  where  they 
planted  their  corn. 


In  1659  Stuyvesant  appointed  Jan  To- 
massen  to  the  ottice  of  Sergeant,  to 
keep  order  in  the  village,  and  Jacob 
Van  Corlear  was  soon  after  made  the 
Secretary  of  New  Utrecht.  In  the  fall 
of  1659,  when  a  renewal  of  troubles 
with  the  Indians  was  e.xpected,  the  Fis- 
cal gave  order  to  fortify  his  house, 
whicli  was  the  only  one  within  the 
town  having  a  tUeu  rout.  The  iiouse, 
forty- two  feet  long,  together  with  the 
garden,  was  now  surrounded  with  high 
palisades,  set  close  together,  as  a 
place  of  refuge  for  the  townspeople. 
On  February  6,  1660,  Stuyvesant  visited 
the  village  in  company  of  the  Fiscal; 
the  latter  had  given  to  the  town  a  flag 
of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  which  was 
now  hoisted  on  a  pole  in  the  center 
of  the  village.  The  mottoes  in  the 
Prince's  coat-of-arms  and  in  the  seal 
of  the  Bruyckleen  Colony  being  iden- 
tical, the  hoisting  of  the  flag  repre- 
sented the  salute  of  the  Long  Island 
Colony  to  the  Director  General. 

On  February  23,  the  Fiscal  was  au- 
thorized to  have  the  lately  formed  vil- 
lages of  Breukelen  and  New  Utrecht 
surveyed,  enclosed  with  palisades,  and 
put  in  a  good  state  of  defense.  Per- 
suaded by  some  of  their  fellowmen, 
the  people  of  New  Utrecht  tried  to 
delay  the  work,  and  the  Fiscal  asked 
the  Director  General  to  send  over,  as 
promised,  some  of  the  company's  ne- 
groes, to  do  the  work.  This  was  grant- 
ed two  days  later,  and  the  palisades 
were  cut  and  set  up.  A  blockhouse 
was  now  ordered  to  be  erected  in  the 
center  of  the  village,  and  a  public 
well  dug,  also  a  pound  to  be  construct- 
ed for  the  cattle  which  may  have 
committed  damage  to  any  person.  To 
the  end  that  the  village  might  be 
quicker  settled  and  built  up,  it  was  or- 
dered that  whosoever  be  first  ready  to 
build,  should  have  a  preference  of 
choice,  even  notwithstanding  such  per- 
son's chance  may  have  fallen  to  a  dif- 
ferent lot.  Such  plantations  in  the 
town  which  were  not  as  yet  fenced, 
as  well  as  village  lots,  were  to  be 
fenced.  In  the  same  year  a  horse-mill 
which  had  been  in  Use  in  New  Amster- 
dam was  purchased  and  set  up  near 
the  blockhouse.  On  December  22,  1661, 
the  town  received  a  village  charter, 
.^.drian  Hegeman,  the  successor  of 
Schout  Tonneman,  toolc  charge  of  New 
Utrecht,  together  with  Breukelen.  Mid- 
wout  and  Amersfoort,  and  Jan  Tomas- 
sen,  Rutger  Josten  and  Jacob  Hella- 
kers  were  appointed  Commissaries. 
Van  Corlear  was  directed  to  hand  over 
to  the  Schout  all  documents  relating  to 
New  Utrecht.  On  August  24,  1662,  the 
Commissaries  asked  that  the  meadow 
land  be  divided  between  the  village 
and  Nayack. 

In  a  letter  dated  April  2S,  1664,  and 
addressed  to  the  Directors  of  the  West 
India  Company,  at  Amsterdam,  Stuy- 
vesant states:  "Concerning  the  set- 
tling and  securing  of  both  Long  and 
Staten  Islands,  near  the  Narrows,  the 
orders  have  been  carried  out  some  time 
ago,  by  forming  hamlets  on  both  is- 
lands. The  village  of  New  Utrecht  was 
laid  out  on  Long  Island,  about  a  quar- 
ter of  an  hour's  travel  inland  from  the 
Narrows,  there  being  no  convenient 
place  nearer  for  the  location  of  a  vil- 
lage; it  is  settled  by  about  twenty-two 
to  twenty-four  families  of  the  Dutch 
or  Netherland  nation.  A  hamlet  not 
yet  named  was  begun  on  Staten  Island 
about  two  years  ago,  and  has  now 
about  twelve  to  fourteen  families  of 
Dutch  and  French  from  the  Palatinate; 
it  lies  about  half  an  hour's  walk  from 
the  Narrows,  there  being  no  more  con- 
venient place  for  a  village  nearer  the 
water.  Both  these  places  were  provid- 
ed with  commodious  blockhouses  for  a 
defense  against  the  attacks  of  the  sav- 
ages last  summer;  the  blockhouses  are 
built  by  putting  beam  upon  beam  and 
for  their  better  defense  are  each  pro- 
vided   with    two    or    three    light    pieces 


24 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


of  ordnance,  of  which  one  or  two  arf 
pedereroes;  the  hamlet  on  Staten  Is- 
land, being  the  weakest,  and  too  far 
to  be  relieved  in  time,  is  garrisoned 
with  ten  soldiers  for  its  greater  safety." 
The  Dutch  Church  was  organized  In 
1677.  A  stone  edifice  of  octagonal 
shape  was  erected  in  1700,  surrounded 
by  the  graveyard,  on  the  Kings  High- 
way, and  what  is  now  Sixteenth  ave- 
nue; it  was  demolished  in  1828.  A  new 
structure  was  built  on  the  present  site. 
Eighteenth    avenue,    between    Eighty- 


Church  edifice,  the  taxable  property 
was  valued  at  $275,765;  the  population 
was  then  907;  in  1835,  1,027;  in  1840, 
1,283.  Neighborhoods  in  this  town  were 
Bay  Ridge,  Fort  Hamilton,  near  the 
United  States  grounds,  and  Bath  on 
Gravesend  Bay.  The  latter  was  a  fa- 
vorite place  for  sea  bathing,  hunting 
and  fishing.  The  fortress  known  as 
Fort  Hamilton  was  constructed  during 
the  years  1824-1832.  Fort  Lafayette 
was  built  upon  Hendrick's  Bluff,  200 
yards  from  shore,  in  1812,  and  was  orig- 


iliSiMHSi! 


=54fe^i^,-; 


^-f'wtf  .  -^ — ~ — *■ 

DUTCH  CHURCH  AND  DE  SILLE     HOUSE,  NEW  UTRECHT. 


third    and    Eighty-fourth    streets,    and 
dedicated  in  1829.    The  old  church  edi- 
fice had  been  used  by  the  British  dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  War  at  various 
times  for  a  hospital  and  riding  school. 
The  Simon  Cortelyou  house  was  built 
long     before     that     struggle,     on     the 
Shore  road;  in  its  rear  was  the  burial 
ground  of  the  Cortelyou   family.     This 
house   was   the   headquarters   of   Lord 
Howe  after  his  landing  in   Gravesend 
Bay     in   August,     1776,     for     about   a 
month.     After  Simon's  death   it  came 
into  the  possession  of  one  Napier,  who 
transformed    it   into    a   tavern.     After 
Napier's  death,   Simon  Cortelyou's  son, 
Simon,  became  the  owner  and  later  on 
the   Stillwell    family   owned   the   house. 
In    1892   the    Federal   Government   pur- 
chased it,  and  finally  it  was  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1901.     The  Van  Pelt  Manor 
house  was  built  about  the  latter  part 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  is  still 
standing  on   Eighteenth     avenue     and 
Eighty-first  street:  nearby  is  one  of  the 
two  remaining  milestones  in  the  coun- 
ty,  which   were   erected   by   the   King's 
order,  to  mark  the  postroad  from  Bos- 
ton  to   Philadelphia.     The     road     was 
known  as  the  King's  Highway;   it  cut 
through  New  Utrecht  and  Gowanus  to 
Denyse's  Ferry,  where  the   connection 
with  Staten  Island  was  made  by  boat. 
At  every  turning  point  in  the  road  a 
stone  was  set  up.     At  Denyse's  Ferry 
the  British  landed  their  first  troops  in 
1776;  near  the  shores  of  this  town,  too, 
the   squadron  of  Colonel   Richard  Nic- 
olls,    the     first     English     Governor     of 
New  Tork.   had    anchored    in   1664.   and 
his  letter  to  Director  General  Stuyve- 
sant  bears  date  on  board  the  Guyney, 
riding  before  Nayack,  on  the  20th  day 
of  August. 

Along  the  Narrows  the  land  is  hilly 
and  stony,  and  on  the  northern  town 
line  were  some  considerable  hills.  These 
wooded  ridges  formed  the  extreme 
western  end  of  the  backbone  of  Long 
Island,  which  extends  all  along  the 
northern  side  of  the  "Great  Plains,"  as 
far  as  Southold,  on  the  eastern  end  of 
the  island.  The  interior  part  of  the 
town  is  level,  and  the  soil  consists  of 
light  loam  and  sand. 

In  1810  the  village  contained  forty 
houses      and     the     Reformed     Dutch 


inally  known  as  Fort  Diamond.  A  few 
feet  below  the  surface,  at  the  Narrows, 
was  found,  in  1837,  more  than  a  wag- 
on-load of  Indian  arrow-heads. 

TOWN   OF   GRAVESEND. 

A  tract  of  100  morgen  of  land  oppo- 
site Coney  Island  was  given  to  An- 
thony Jansen  from  Salee  in  1639,  and 
a  patent  for  it  was  issued  in  1644.    Thii 


commissary  at  "the  Hope."  At  least 
he  laid  claim  to  all  three  in  later  years, 
though  on  account  of  the  clanger  of  at- 
tacks by  the  Indians,  in  an  extremely 
exposed  position,  he  had  never  taken 
po.ssession  of  the  property.  The  patent 
describes  it  as  "situate  on  the  east  side 
of  the  bay,  running  into  the  North 
River." 

In  1643  English  settlers  from  Massa- 
chusetts came  here;  in  1645  they  re- 
ceived a  general  town  patent,  issued 
December  19,  to  Lady  Deborah  Moody 
and  associates.  The  origin  of  this 
town  differs  from  that  of  the  Dutch 
towns.  Gravesend  was  intended  to  be- 
come a  commercial  port.  Ten  acres 
of  land  were  laid  out  and  surrounded 
by  palisades.  When,  however,  it  became 
evident  that  there  was  not  sufficient 
depth  for  vessels  of  a  larger  class,  the 
original  plan  was  abandoned.  The 
English  settlers  held  religious  services 
in  the  town  and  Stuyvesant  stated  that 
the  Inhabitants  of  Gravesend  had  more 
privileges  than  the  exemptions  gave  to 
any  Hollander.  In  1655  the  settlement 
was  saved  from  destruction  at  the 
hands  of  the  River  Indians  by  a  guard 
sent  over  from  New  Amsterdam.  In 
the  following  year  the  inhabitants  ob- 
tained three  small  cannon  from  the  fort 
for  their  protection.  In  1659  a  mill  was 
erected. 

Of  the  7,000  acres  of  land  in  the  town 
3,500  were  farm  land,  500  woodland  and 
the  balance  salt  meadows  and  a  ridge 
of  sand  hills  near  the  seashore.  It 
has  been  suggested  that  the  town  was 
named  after  the  former  home  of  some 
of  the  original  settlers,  viz.,  Gravesend 
in  England;  another  suggestion  is  that 
it  was  originally  called  "s'Graven- 
sande,"  i.e.,  "the  count's  beach."  Di- 
rectly opposite  Gravesend,  on  the  other 
side  of  Lower  New  York  Bay,  are  the 
Navesink  Highlands;  along  these  high- 
lands and  the  Navesink  River  the  sand 
Is  of  a  reddish  color,  hence  the  name 
"Red  Bank"  in  this  neighborhood.  On 
the  Long  Island  shore  the  sand  is  of  a 
grayish  color,  and  this  fact  may  have 


4^'/^%'»i  "^■■^'    ' 


,^ ^-  "-^'^'^^ 

EIRST  DUTCH  CHURCH  EDIEICE  AT  GRAVESEND. 
Sketched  After  Old  Description. 


land,  described  as  situated  "near  the 
bay,"  became  later  known  as  "the  old 
bouwery."  Adjoining  Anthony  Jan- 
sen's  patent  a  tract  of  90  morgen,  lying 
partly  in  Gravesend  and  partly  in  New 
Utrecht,  was  granted  in  1645  to  Robert 
Pennoyer. 

The  present  Coney  Island  consisted 
originally  of  three  parts,  viz.,  Conijne 
Eylandt,  Conijne  Hoek  or  the  later 
Pine  Island,  and  Gysbert's  Eylandt,  or 
the  later  Johnson's  Land.  Apparently 
these  three  parts  were  granted  on  May 
24,  1644,  to  Gysbert  op  Dyck,  the  former 


led  the  settlers  to  name  this  shore 
"Graauwezande,"  or  Grauesand,  as  the 
name  is  often  written  in  old  documents, 
i.e.,  "Grayishsand." 

The  Dutch  Church  was  organized  in 
1763  and  a  church  edifice  was  erected, 
which  was  replaced  by  a  second  one  in 
1833  and  this  one  again  by  a  third  one 
in  1894.  Shortly  after  the  conquest  of 
1664  the  town  was  made  the  seat  of 
justice,  a  court  house  was  erected  in 
1668  and  the  Courts  of  Sessions  of  the 
West  Riding  were  held  here,  also  the 
Courts    of      Kings    County    until   1686, 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


25 


when  the  County  Court  at  Flatbush 
was  opened. 

The  Strycker  house,  on  Gravesend 
avenue,  near  present  Avenue  U,  was 
destroyed  by  fire  about  1894.  The  Still- 
well  house  was  formerly  known  as  the 
Van  Siclen  house.  The  Johnson  house 
was  buiJt  upon  "the  bouwerij  of  ye  Lady 
Moody."  The  Wyckoff  homestead,  on 
present  East  Nineteenth  street,  near 
Avenue  Q,  was  erected  about  the  latter 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century  and  was 
torn  down  during-  the  first  years  of  the 
present  century.  A  block  awav  is 
standing-  the  still  older  Bennett  farm 
house.  The  Wyckoff  house,  on  Kings 
Highway,  near  Fourteenth  street,  was 
built  about  forty  years  ago. 

In  1649  Coney  Island  is  called  Manna- 
hanning,  i.e.,  island  place.  A  locality 
at  the  mouth  of  Gerrettsen's  Creek  was 
called  Moeung.  This  probably  was  the 
place  called  by  the  Dutch  fvlaeck,  i.e., 
a  stain  or  blot,  a  black  or  muddy  place. 
Another  locality  in  this  neighborhood, 
the  upland,  was  called  Makeopaca.  An 
Indian  burying  ground  was  found  in 
1897  on  Avenue  U,  near  Ryder's  Pond. 
Deep  beds  of  oyster  shells,  the  outer 
sides  of  the  shells  uppermost,  were 
found,  also  pottery  and  more  than  a 
dozen  of  skeletons. 

In  1810  Gra-vesend  village  contained 
twenty  houses,  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  edifice  and  a  schoolhouse.  A 
lighthouse  was  desigrned  to  be  erected 
at  Coney  Island,  on  the  west  end  of 
Schryer's  Hook.  There  were  two  tide 
mills.  The  taxable  property  was  val- 
ued at  $178,477;  the  population  was  520, 
mcreasing  to  695  in  1835  and  810  in  1840. 

The  settlement  on  Sheepshead  Bay 
was  originally  known  as  "The  Cove," 
and  later  as  Sheepshead  Bay.  Other 
neighborhoods  were  Unionville  and 
Guntherville  on  Gravesend  Bav,  South 
Greenfield  on  the  Kings  Highway  and 
on  the  head  of  Gerrettsen's  Creek,  ex- 
tending over  the  Flatlands  line. 


TOWN  OF  FLATBUSH. 

(Including    the    Later    Town    of    New 
Lots.) 

Flatbush  was  originally  known  as 
Midwout  and  was  settled  in  1651, 
though  single  settlers  had  been  on  the 
ground  earlier.  It  is  named  in  old 
documents  variously  't  Vlakke  Bos, 
Midwout  and  Middelwout.  'T  Vlakke 
Bos  means  small  things  packed  close 
together,  i.  e.,  "a  bunch"  on  the  plain; 
Midwout  and  Middelwout  means  "in 
the  midst  of  the  fcre.-^t  "or  surrounded 
by  forest."  In  1653  Stuyvesant  wrote, 
in  answer  to  a  remonstrance  presented 
to  him:  "It  is  not  true  that  general 
town-patents  had  been  promised  to  the 
inhabitants  of  Middelburgh  and  Mid- 
wout. The  contrary  can  be  proved 
by  living  witnesses  and  by  the  written 
conditions,  now  deposited  in  the  secre- 
tarv's  office,  under  which  lands  were 
allotted  and  taken  possession  of  in  the 
said  villages.  If  they  have  not  their 
Individual  deeds,  they  may  come  and 
call  for  them;  they  will  not  be  carried 
home  to  everybody."  Cornelius  Van 
Ruyven,  the  secretary  of  the  colony, 
and  son-in-law  of  Domine  Megapolen- 
sis,  bought  in  1654  a  farm  of  twenty- 
five  morgen  in  this  town  for  the  sum 
of  525  guilders.  On  October  16,  16.55,  a 
plan  was  approved  for  concentrating 
the  village  of  Midwout.  Five  or  six 
lots  were  to  be  reserved  for  public 
buildings,  such  as  for  the  schout,  the 
minister,  the  .secretary,  the  school- 
master, village  tavern  and  public 
courthouse.  On  February  22,  1656,  a 
plan  was  ready  to  lay  out  the  village, 
set  up  palisades,  and  erect  a  block- 
house. On  May  26,  1656,  the  Schout  and 
"the  magistrates  of  Midwout  and 
Amersfoort"  issued  orders  that  those  in- 
habitants who  had  not  as  yet  set  up  their 


share  of  palisades  must  do  so  within 
eight  days  or  pay  a  fine  of  25  guilders 
for  each  lot.  On  February  26,  1660,  the 
magistrates  of  Midwout  and  Amers- 
foort were  ordered  to  have  the  pali- 
sades surrounding  the  villages  repaired 
and  kept  in  good  order  by  assigning 
to  each  inhabitant  a  certain  portion, 
for  which  he  was  to  be  held  responsible. 
On  March  31,  1661,  separate  inferior 
courts  were  erected  in  each  of  these 
villages.  Part  of  the  town,  known  as 
Oostwout,  or  the  New  Lotts   of  Flat- 


GRAVESEND  TOWN  HALL. 


bush,  was  settled  in  1654,  and  was 
separated  in  1852  from  the  town  of 
Flatbush  and  organized  as  the  town  of 
New  Lots.  A  horsemill  was  erected 
here  in  1660. 

A  low,  broad  range  of  hills  extended 
along  the  town  border;  the  remainder 
of  the  territory  was  level,  the  soil  being 
light  loam.  Prospect  Hill  was  elevated 
300  feet  above  the  plain,  overlooking 
the  neighboring  townships.  In  Oost- 
wout, the  southern  half  of  the  terri- 
tory consisted  of  salt  meadows;  the 
soil  of  the  remainder  was  light  loam. 

The  first  Dutch  church  edifice  on 
Long  Island  was  begun  here  in  Mid- 
wout, in  1654,  when  the  church  was  or- 
ganized.    There    were    100    morgen    of 


fire  in  1832,  the  courts  were  transferred 
to  Brooklyn.  Erasmus  Hall  was  in- 
corporated in  1787.  The  Vanderveer 
homestead,  on  Flatbush  avenue,  oppo- 
site Dorchester  road,  took,  in  1787,  the 
place  of  an  earlier  structure  on  land 
granted  in  1660.  It  was  demolished  in 
1911.  The  Bergen  House,  said  to  have 
been  built  in  1735,  was  torn  down  about 
1840;  the  Strycker  House,  which  also 
has  been  removed,  had  been  erected  in 
1696,  of  brickstones.  Nearly  opposite 
stood  the  Zabriskie  homestead,  another 
brickstone  building,  and  as  old  as  its 
neighbor,  until  1877.  The  original  Lef- 
ferts  homestead,  built  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century  on 
the  junction  of  Flatbush  and  Wash- 
ington avenues  and  Lincoln  road,  and 
the  Martense  house,  opposite,  were  both 
burned  down  by  the  British  in  1776; 
the  Lefferts  house  was  rebuilt  on  its 
old  lines.  The  Suydam-Ditmas  Man- 
sion, near  the  junction  of  Ditmas  ave- 
nue, was  erected  about  1700  and  stood 
until  1911.  The  old  farmhouse  on 
Church  lane,  near  Story  street,  and 
known  as  the  Story  homestead,  was 
formerly  occupied  by  the  Martense 
family.  Melrose  Hall,  built  in  1749  by 
John  Lane,  near  Flatbush  avenue  and 
Clarkson  street,  was  torn  down  at  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century. 
Judge  Isaac  Terhune  erected  a  house 
about  a  halt-mile  distant  from  the 
Kings  Highway  station  of  the  Brighton 
Beach  Railroad,  in  1812,  which  was  later 
purchased  by  Benjamin  Hitchings. 

In  1810  Flatbush  was  known  as  the 
"Capital  of  the  County."  The  village 
contained  about  100  houses,  standing  on 
the  town  road  and  covering  a  stretch 
of  one  and  a  half  miles  in  length;  the 
stone  building  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church,  the  courthouse  and  jail,  Eras- 
mus Hall  Academy  and  two  common 
schools,  also  two  tide  mills  and  one 
windmill,  were  within  the  town  limits. 
The  taxable  property  was  valued  at 
$.169,118;  the  population  was  1,159,  and  in 
1835,  1,537;  in  1840,  2,099.  The  poorhouse 
of  the  county  Is  located  in  this  town. 
The  farm  of  sixty  acres  was  purchased 
for  $3,000.  Neighborhoods  in  the  town 
were:  Greenfield,  ParkviUe,  Oaklands 
and  Windsor  Terrace. 

The  region  known  as  Keuters'  Hook, 
received   its  name  from  the  fact  that 


ORIGINAL  LONG  ISLAND  CHURCH,  ERECTED  AT  MIDDELWOUT. 


land  set  aside  for  the  church,  the  little 
structure  on  the  Indian  trail  was  In- 
closed with  a  strong  palisade,  and  in 
time  of  danger  the  settlers,  after  till- 
ing their  farm  land  all  day,  retired  at 
nightfall  within  the  protecting  stock- 
ade, until  they  were  able  to  erect  more 
substantial  houses  upon  their  farms.  A 
second  structure  was  built  in  1699, 
which  was  altered  in  1775,  and  the 
present  building  was  erected  in  1795  on 
the  original  site. 

The  courthouse  of  the  County  of 
Kings  was  erected  in  Flatbush  village 
in  1685,  and  in  the  following  year  the 
courts  were  removed  from  Gravesend 
to  this  place.  The  courthouse  was  re- 
built in  1793.     After  its  destruction  by 


this  tract  was  given  over  in  the  earlier 
days  to  the  mechanics  of  the  town, 
who  could  only  take  care  of  small  par- 
cels of  land.  The  name  is  derived  from 
the  word  Keutel-boer,  used  in  opposi- 
tion to  boer.  The  word  boer  was  ap- 
plied to  farmers  on  large  farms  in  the 
older  part  of  the  town. 

In  the  later  town  of  New  Lots,  the 
farmhouse  built  in  1715  by  William 
Howard,  near  the  present  junction  of 
Broadway  and  Fulton  street,  was 
known  as  the  Rising  Sun  Tavern,  or 
Howard's  Halfway  House,  of  Revolu- 
tionary War  fame.  The  Howard  es- 
tate was  sold  in  1867,  and  soon  there- 
after turned  into  building  lots,  and  the 
old  tavern  was  torn  down.    Among  the 


26 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


landmarks  are  the  Schenck  homestead, 
on  Jamaica   avenue,   and     the     Eldert 
homestead,  on  New  Lots  road,  between 
Lincoln  and  Sheridan  avenues,  on  land 
granted  to  Johannes     Eldert     in     1667.  | 
JJaniel   Rapelje  built  a  stone  house  on  j 
what   is   now   Sheffield   avenue,    before  i 
the  Revolution,  which  has  been  taken  i 
down.    His  son,  Simon,  built  the  house  j 
now  known  as  the  McGee  house;  Wil-  I 
liam  Rapelje  built  the  present  Rapelje  j 
house,  on  the  north  side  of  New  Lots 
road,    between    Sheffield    and    Georgia  , 
avenues,    in   1820.     The   Wyckoff   house  i 
is  standing  on  New  Lots  road,  between 
Miller    avenue      and      Bradford    street, 
and  the     Van     Siclen,     near     Hendrix 
street.    The  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of 
New   Lots   was   organized   in   1824,    and 
an   edifice   erected   on  New   Lots   road 
in  the  center  of   the   settlement.     The 
former  town  hall  of  New  Lots,  stand- 
ing on  Jamaica  Bay,  at  present  Stan- 
ley and  Atkins  avenues,  was  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1912. 

TOWN  OF  FLATLANDS. 

The  principal  village  of  the  Canarsee 
was  in  this  town  and  known  as  Kes- 
kaechqueren,  i.  e.,  at  the  bay.  The  name 
Flatlands  is  derived  from  het  vlakke 
land,  i.  e.,  the  flat  country.  The  soil 
is  light  sand  or  sandy  loam.    The  town 


tervelt.  In  January,  1651,  a  village  was 
established,  which  was  named  Nieuw 
Amersfoort.  Twenty-eight  lots  were  di- 
vided by  lot.  Stuyvesant  owned  a  farm 
here  in  1655;  in  the  same  year  a  mili- 
tarj'  guard  was  stationed  in  the  town 
on  account  of  the  Indian  troubles;  the 
village  was  inclosed  by  a  stockade. 

Van  Twiller's  and  Corlear's  flats,  con- 
taining 1,600  to  2,000  morgen  of  land, 
were  used  as  a  common  pasturage  by 
the  people  of  Amersfoort  and  Midwout. 

The  Dutch  church  in  the  town  was 
founded     in     1654;     a  first  edifice  was 


^^ 


NEW  AMERSFORT  CHURCH.  ERECTED  1663 


was  settled  in  1636.  One  of  the  first 
grants  for  lands  wa*  for  Barren  Is- 
land, which  was  then  considerably 
larger  and  called  Equendito.  The 
Dutch  called  it  't  Beeren  Eylandt,  i.  e.. 
Bears  Island.  Upon  Barren  Island  the 
pirate  Charles  Gibbs  had  secreted  a 
portion  of  the  wealth  which  he  had 
plundered  upon  the  high  seas.  Part  of 
it  was  recovered  after  the  pirate  and 
his  companions  had  been  executed  upon 
Gibbet  Island  in  New  York  Harbor  in 
1830.  The  islands  and  meadows  ad- 
joining Barren  Island  were  called  by 
the  Indians  Hoopaninak,  Shanscoma- 
cocke  and  Macutteris.  There  are  im- 
mense shellheaps  at  Canarsie  and  Ber- 
gen Island. 

Achtervelt  was  a  plantation  in  this 
town,  comprising  a  tract  of  land  of 
about  1,800  morgen,  of  which  only  a 
small  part  was  cultivated;  a  patent  for 
the  same  was  granted  in  1638.  The 
patents  for  the  Castateuw  purchases 
of  1636  from  the  Indians  were  annulled 
in  1652.  They  consisted  of  the  two 
smaller  flats,  claimed  by  Wouter  Van 
Twiller  and  the  great  flat,  also  called 
"at  the  bay"  or  Amersfoort  flat, 
claimed  by  Wolphert  Gerretsen  and 
Andries  Hudde.  At  the  same  time 
patents  for  other  large  tracts  were  an- 
nulled, as  the  maize  land,  flatland  and 
valley  of  Canarisse,  conveyed  by  gift  to 
Jacob  Wolphertsen  to  the  serious  dam- 
age of  the  new  village  of  Midwout, 
further  the  islands  in  the  Hellgate, 
Nooten  Eylandt  ,Red  Hook,  the  land  at 
Sloops  Bay  and  Oyster  Bay,  called 
Matinnecough. 

The  territory  of  the  town  is  later 
called  the  Bouwery  or  District  of  Ach- 


erected  in  1663;  it  was  enlarged  in  1762; 
a  second  one  was  built  in  1794  and  a 
third  one  in  1848.  The  graveyard  was 
established  upon  an  old  Indian  burial 
hill,  and  the  Indian  graves  were  in- 
cluded in  the  graveyard. 

The  house  on  Flatlands  Neck  was 
built  in  1664  by  Pietbr  Claes  Wyckoff, 
who  had  purchased  the  land  from  the 
Canarsee  at  an  early  date.  There  is 
a  tradition  that  the  name  Wyckoff  was 
given  to  him  on  account  of  his  settling 
in  this  isolated  neighborhood;  its  mean- 
ing being  "to  depart"  (wijken)  and 
"beyond"  (over),  i.  e.,  to  depart  to  a 
distant  place.  The  homestead  was  re- 
paired in  1819.  The  little  schoolhouse 
on   the  neck  was   built  in  1786. 

The  mill  on  Gerrettsen's  Creek,  the 
former  Stroomkil,  occupies  the  founda- 
tions of  the  original  gristmill.  The  Jan 
Martense  Schenck  house  was  built 
about  1656  near  a  creek,  on  which  later 
a  mill  was  erected.  Mentelaer  Island, 
called  by  the  Indians  Wimbaccoe,  is 
now  known  as  Bergen  Island.  Mus- 
kytte  Hool  was  the  name  of  a  locality 
on  Flatlands  Neck. 

In  1810  Flatlands  Village  contained 
twenty  houses.  There  was  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church  edifice  and  one 
tidemill  in  this  town.  The  taxable 
property  was  valued  at  $14,039;  the  pop- 
ulation was  517,  increasing  to  684  in 
1835  and  810  in  1840.  Canarsie  village 
was  a  settlement  upon  the  road  lead- 
ing to  the  bay. 


TOWN  OF  BUSHWICK. 

(Including  the  later  Williamsburgh.) 

The  name  Bushwick  has  been  said 
by  some  writers  to  signify  "Town  in 
the  Woods,"  while  others  have  trans- 
lated it  "Heavy  Woods."  In  the  town 
records  we  read  under  date  of  April  5, 
1663,  that  some  of  the  inhabitants  pe- 
titioned the  Director  General  and 
Council  to  allow  them  to  inclose  their 
lands  near  the  village  with  a  common 
fence,  "in  view  of  the  great  expense 
of  individually  fencing  their  land,  said 
expense  being  greatly  increased  by  the 
scarcity  of  wood  in  their  neighborhood, 
etc."  This  was  three  years  after  the 
settlement  had  been_  started,  and  It  Is 
inconceivable  that  a'region,  which  hai 
been  remarkable  for  its  wealth  of  tim- 
ber, in  such  a  degree  as  to  cause  the 
Governor  to  name  the  town  for  this 
very  pecularity  of  the  region  "Town 
in  the  Woods,"  to  be  so  stripped  of 
timber  within  a  short  time,  as  the  pe- 
tition shows.  To  the  writer  it  seems 
more  likely  that  the  village  was  named 
for  the  compact  form  in  which  it  was 


laid  out  by  Stuyvesant.  The  latter 
had  ordered  in  February,  1660,  that  all 
settlers  should  remove  to  villages;  a 
few  days  later  a  party  of  men  peti- 
tioned him  to  select  a  site  for  them, 
suitable  for  a  settlement,  and  he  took 
them  to  the  plain  between  the  New- 
town Creek  and  Bushwick  Creek,  where 
he  laid  out  a  village  of  twenty-two 
lots. 

A  year  later  he  again  visited  the  new 
settlement,  and,  requested  by  the  in- 
habitants to  give  a  name  to  the  place, 
he  named  it  Boswijck.  As  noted  above, 
the  Director-General  would  no  longer 
permit  the  planters  to  occupy  their 
scattered  farmhouses,  and  with  this 
point  in  view,  he  had  established  this 
place  of  concentration  on  the  plain. 
The  name  Boswijck,  coined  by  Stuy- 
vesant on  this  occasion,  expressed  per- 
fectly what  the  Governor's  order  was 
intended  to  enforce,  i.e.,  to  take  the  ex- 
posed homes  of  the  several  settlers 
and  bring  them  together  at  a  central 
point  for  the  sake  of  their  own  safe- 
ty. The  word  is  composed  of  "bos," 
meaning  a  "collection  of  small  things 
packed  close  together"  and  of  "wijk," 
i.  e.,  a  retreat,  refuge,  guard,  defend 
from  danger.  The  site  selected  was 
suitable  for  a  settlement,  as  it  was  lev- 
el land  or  "a  flat,"  bounded  by  creeks; 
that  part  of  the  town  known  in  later 
times  and  to  this  day  as  Greenpoint 
was  in  the  olden  days  known  as  Gren- 
en  Hout  Punt,  or  Hout  Punt.  It  was 
the  neck  of  land  from  «'hich  the  set- 
tlers of  Boswijck  secured  the  timber 
for  palisades  and  building  material; 
Hout  Punt  means  "timber  place."  The 
name  was  later  anglicized  into  Wood- 
point,  and  the  remnant  of  the  town 
road,  which  led  to  the  place,  is  still 
known  as  "Old  Woodpoint  road." 
Grenen  Hout  Punt  indicates  that  the 
woods  consisted  of  fir  trees. 

The  territory  of  the  town  was  pur- 
chased by  Governor  Kieft  from  the  Ca- 
narsee in  1638;  settlers  which  had  lo- 
cated here  prior  to  that  date  were  con- 
firmed in  their  possessions,  and  pat- 
ents to  new  settlers  were  granted  in 
rapid  succession.  The  soil  was  princi- 


ON  OLD  WOODPOINT  ROAD,  BUSHWICK. 


pally  a  light  loam  and  the  surface  con- 
siderably hilly,  in  some  parts  stony, 
though   productive. 

On  March  31,  1661,  an  Inferior  Court 
was  established  and  thus  the  town  was 
organized.  Adriaen  Hegeman,  the 
Schout  of  Breukelen,  Amersfoort  and 
Midwout,  had  now  also  jurisdiction 
over  New  Utrecht  and  Boswijck.  In 
1662,  the  village,  which  was  inclosed 
with  palisades,  contained  twenty-five 
houses;  according  to  Brodhead,  two 
blockhouses  were  erected  within  this 
town  in  1663;  this  no  doubt  refers  to 
the  blockhouse  upon  the  Kijkuit  near 
the  Strand  and  another  one  in  the 
village.  A  Dutch  church  was  erected 
about  1720  and  a  second  edifice  was 
built  in  1829  on  the  original  site  (de- 
molished last  January);  in  the  same 
year  a  chapel  was  opened  in  Williams- 
burgh. In  1810,  the  town  contained  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church  edifice  in  the 
village,  a  Methodist  meeting  house  in 
the   Williamsburgh     region,     two    tida 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


27 


mills,  two  schoolhouses  and  two  tav- 
erns. The  taxable  property  was  valued 
at  $263,025;  the  population  was  798;  in 
1835,  3,341,  and  in  1840,  6,389,  including 
Williamsburgh.  In  1827,  the  village  of 
W'illlamsburgh  was  incorporated;  this 
community  was  separated  from  Bush- 
wick  in  1840  and  incorporated  as  a 
town.  The  City  of  Williamsburg'h 
came  into  existence  in  1852. 

Of  the  old  farmhouses,  the  oldest 
still  standing  is  the  Duryea  house  on 
Meeker  avenue,  near  Newtown  Creek; 
the  Conselyea  in  Bushwick  village, 
erected  prior  to  1700,  has  been  taken 
down.  Other  old  buildings  were  the 
Skillman  house,  the  two  Devoe  houses 
on  the  Woodpoint  road,  where  also 
stood  the  Mansion  House,  built  by 
Theodorus  Polhemus,  and  the  Debe- 
voise  house,  both  erected  before  the 
Revolution.  At  the  Crossroads  settle- 
ment, the  former  Kruis-pad,  was  the 
Whaley  house  and  Rapalye's  Tavern. 
In  Williamsburgh,  the  Miller  house 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  blockhouse  up- 
on the  Kijkuit;  it  was  taken  down  in 
1860;  the  Fountain  Inn  was  situated 
near  Grand  Street  Ferry;  near  Union 
avenue  was  the  house  of  Jan  de  Swede, 
who    lived    here    before   the    land    was 


avenue  and  Woodbine  street;  it  was 
taken  down  about  1901. 

The  original  cemetery  on  the  Wood- 
point  road  was  abandoned  in  1879;  a 
churchyard,  surrounding  the  Dutch 
church  had  been  established  in  1814; 
there  were  family  burial  places  on 
many  of  the  farms. 

The  Bushwick  Ferry  was  started  by 
James  Hazard  in  1797,  a  rowboat  being 
operated  between  Hazard's  farm  on 
Corlear's  Hook  and  the  Fountain  Inn 
on  the  Long  Island  side.  WoodhuU's 
Ferry  was  started  a  few  years  later; 
Morrell's  Ferry  in  1812.  The  Will- 
iamsburgh Ferry  was  incorporated  in 
1824:  the  Peck  Slip  Ferry  was  establish- 
ed in  1836;  tlie  Hou.ston  Street  Ferry 
in  1840;  the  Greenpoint  Ferry  to  Tenth 
street,  Manhattan,  in  1853.  The  ferry 
which  had  been  operated  for  some 
years  from  Calvary  Cemetery  to  Twen- 
ty-third street  was  also  transferred  to 
Greenpoint  avenue  in  1857;  the  James 
Slip  Ferry,  running  from  .South  Tenth 
street,  was  established  in  1857.  In  1860, 
the  Roosevelt  Street  Ferry  began  to 
run  a  boat  to  Williamsburgh.  The 
Broadway  Ferry  to  Twenty-third 
street     was   opened    in   1885,    and   some 


The  water  flowing  into  this  reservoir 
comes  from  a  chain  of  lakes  and  creeka 
scattered  over  the  towns  of  Hempstead 
and  Jamaica.  Near  the  eastern  ex- 
tremity of  this  chain  was  a  railroad 
station  of  the  old  South  Side  Railroad, 
called  Ridgewood,  twenty-seven  miles 
distant  from  Brooklyn  and  close  to  the 
Oyster  Bay  town  line.  From  the  fact 
that  the  Aqueduct  and  canal,  as  they 
were  laid  out,  when  the  great  enter- 
prise was  commenced,  started  in  the 
Ridgewood  tract,  the  reservoir  con- 
structed upon  the  Cypress  Hills  be- 
came known  as  the  Ridgewood  Reser- 
voir and  the  thinly  settled  neighbor- 
hood in  its  rear  as  Ridgewood.  Thus 
the  reservoir  received  its  name  not 
from  being  located  near  the  Ridge- 
wood settlement,  but  the  settlement 
received  its  name  from  being  located 
near  the  reservoir.  A  few  years  before 
the  latter  was  built,  another  settlement 
had  been  started  near  the  northern 
entrance  of  the  Cemetery  of  the  Ever- 
greens, which  was  named  South  Will- 
iamsburgh. This  being  the  most  com- 
pact neighborhood,  the  name  Ridge- 
wood was  gradually  applied  to  it  and 
when  a  large  area  was  later  embraced 


BUSHWICK  CHURCH  AND  TOWN  HOUSE  A  CENTUKY  AGO. 
The  View  of  the  Church  Is  Taken  From  Long  Island  Miscellanies  and  the  View  of  the  Town  House  From  the  Brooklyn  Manual  of  1868. 


bought  from  the  Indians.  In  Green- 
point Dirck  Volkertse,  the  Noorman 
had  built  a  stone  house  on  the  shore 
of  Bushwick  Creek,  which  later  was 
named  after  him  "Noorman's  Kil"; 
Dirck  was  also  one  of  the  early  set- 
tlers. The  Provoost  house  was  de- 
.'troyed  by  Are  about  1832.  Abraham 
Jansen  erected  a  mill  in  1664  on  New- 
town Creek,  near  Bushwick  village, 
and  on  its  site  was  "Masters'  Mill," 
standing  until  a  half  century  ago; 
Schenck's  Mill  was  nearby.  The 
Schenck  family  burial  ground  is  near 
the  site  of  the  mill,  on  the  former 
Wyekoff  farm.  The  Wyckoff  house 
is  located  on  Flushing  avenue,  near 
Cypress  avenue;  there  are  several 
other  old  houses  on  this  farm.  The 
Suydam  house,  built  about  1700  and 
formerly  owned  by  Leffert  Lefferts, 
was  situated  on  the  Old  Bushwick  road 
on  the  corner  now  known  as  Evergreen 


years    later      boats   were   run    to    For- 
ty-second street. 

The  Ridgewood  section  in  Queens 
Borough  is  the  territory  over  which  a 
legal  flght  was  carried  on  for  more 
than  a  century  between  the  towns  of 
Bushwick  and  Newtown.  By  granting 
the  New  Lotts  of  Bushwick  to  the 
town,  Stuyvesant  had  made  the  present 
Ridgewood  section  apparently  a  part 
of  Bushwick;  still  when  in  1769  the  dis- 
pute was  settled,  the  tract  was  decided 
to  be  a  part  of  the  town  of  Newtown. 
However,  today  the  section  is  most 
intimately  connected  with  the  upper 
part  of  the  former  town  of  Bushwick, 
and  in  considering  the  Ridgewood  sec- 
tion the  territory  situated  in  Kings 
and  Queens  Counties  must  be  taken  as 
a  unit.  The  name  came  into  use  here 
when  a  small  settlement  sprang  up  in 
Queens  County  near  the  Ridgewood 
Reservoir,   about   a   halt   century   ago. 


under  the  designation  Ridgewood,  this 
part  became  known  as  Evergreen,  as 
most  of  its  denizens  were  in  some  way 
connected  with  the  Cemetery  of  the 
Evergreens,  as  florists,  laborers,  etc. 
The  name  Ridgewood  was  now  identi- 
fied with  a  large  tract  in  Queens  Coun- 
ty and  with  a  considerable  part  of 
the  Eastern  District  of  Brooklyn  and 
the  old  South  Side  Railroad  station 
became  known  as  Wantagh,  its  name 
having  been  changed  in  1891,  at  the 
request  of  its   inhabitants. 

TOWN  OF  NEWTOWN. 

(Including  the  later  Long  Island  City). 
Part  of  this  town  was  set  off  in  1870 
and  incorporated  a  city  under  the  name 
of  Long  Island  City.  The  Indians  called 
the  territory  of  the  greater  part  of  the 
town,  i.  e.:   the  eastern  portion,  "Wan- 


28 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


dewenock,"  meaning  "the  fine  land  be 
tween  the  long  streams,"  viz.,  Flushing 
and  Newtown  creeks.   The  Mispat  band 
had  their  village  on  the  head  of  Mispat 
Kil,    or    Newtown    Creek.     When    the 
Rockaways  sold  the  land  to  the  settlers 
of  Middelburgh  in  1656,   they  reserved 
"a   tract   of    upland,    lying    under   the 
hills,  southward  from  the  town  place, 
now  seated,"   as  hunting  ground.    The 
west  branch  of  Mispat  KlI  was  called 
Quandoequareus,  1.  e.,  "at  the  further- 
most branch  of  the  long  tidal  stream." 
In   1640    the   Rev.    Francis     Doughty 
was  granted  the  so-called  Mispat  pat- 
ent,  including  nearly  all  the  territory 
of   the   town;    he  and     his     associates 
found    on   their    arrival    two    or    three 
squatters  on  the  ground.    In  the  Indian 
War  of  1643  the  Mispat  settlement,  hav- 
ing then  more  than  eighty  inhabitants, 
was  wiped  out.  At  this  time,  lands  were 
taken  up  at  the  junction  of  Newtown 
Creek   and  the  Dutch   Kills   Creek,   at 
Kanapaukab;   i.  e.,  "the  Bears'  water- 
land."    On  the  east  side  of  Kanapaukah 
Kil,   or  Dutch   Kills  Creek,  was  Rich- 
ard   Brutnell's  •plantation,    deeded     to 
him  in  1643;  it  came  later  in  the  posses- 
sion    of    William     Herrick.      Herrlck's 
widow  married  Thomas  Wandell,  who 
was  living  on  the  Bushwick  shore  of 
Newtown   Creek   as   far   back   as   1648. 
Wandell  enlarged  the  property  by  pur- 
chase and  it  became  later  known  as  the 
Alsop  farm.    The  Alsop  house,  erected 
by  Wandell  In  1665,   was   destroyed  In 
1879.     On   the  west  side  of  the   Kana- 
paukah, lands  were  granted  to  Tymen 
Jansen  and  Burger  Jorissen  in  1643,  and 
to  .Jan  Jansen  in  1647.    Dominie's  Hook 
received    its    name     from     its    owner, 
Dominie    Everardus    Bogardus    of    the 
Church    in    the    Fort    on    Manhattan 
Island,  the  son-in-law  of  Tymen  Jansen, 
as  early  as  1643.    This  tract,  known  as 
"The  Old  Farm,"  consisted  of  212  acres; 
it   was   purchased   in   1697   by   Captain 
Peter  Pra,  who  lived  then  on  the  Bush- 
wick  shore    of    Newtown    Creek.     The 
captain's  granddaughter  married  Cap- 
tain George  Hunter,  and  from  him  the 
"point"    received   the   name    "Hunter's 
Point."   Hunter's  wife  died  in  1833,  and 
two  years  later  the  farm  was  sold  and 
the  old  homestead  disappeared.     Brou- 
card    Burgon,    or     Bragaw,    a     French 
Huguenot,  who  emigrated  from  Mann- 
heim, in  the  Palatinate  on  the  Rhine, 
in    1675,    settled    at    Sunnyside    in    1688, 
after  having  sold  his  farm  in  Bushwick 
and  after  a  short  residence  on  Staten 
Island.    He  erected  a  gristmill;  in  1757 
the  farm  came  into  the  possession  of 
Isaac  Bragaw,  who  erected  the  house 
on  Jackson  and  Skillman  avenues,  near 
the  present  Queensboro  Bridge  Plaza; 
it  was  taken  down  in  1912.    After  sev- 
eral  changes   the  land   came   into   the 
Payntar  family  in  1831.    The  Debevolse 
house    on     Hill     street,    near     Anable 
street,    was     destroyed    bv    fire   about 
1909;   among  the  other  old  houses  are 
the  Van   Pelt,    Stevens,    Gosman,   Dur- 
yea  and  Washington  houses. 

At  Ravenswood,  formerly  called  the 
waterside.  John  Delafield  erected  in  1792 
the  mansion  known  as  "Sunswick"; 
the  Blackwell  homestead  on  Webster 
avenue,  near  the  river,  was  built  in 
1664.  About  1834  the  corporation  of  the 
City  of  New  York  erected  buildings  for 
a  poorfarm  at  Ravenswood,  which 
were  sold  in  1847,  when  the  institutions 
were  transplanted  to  the  islands  in  the 
river;  the  owner  leased  the  buildings 
to  the  Commission  of  Emigration  for  a 
ship-fever-hospital,  etc.  After  many  in- 
effective protests,  the  citizens  de- 
stroyed the  buildings.  Ravenswood  was 
connected  with  New  York  City  a  half 
century  ago  by  stages  running  via  As- 
toria and  Eighty-sixth  street,  or  Hell 
Gate  Ferry,  to  Chatham  Square. 

William  Hallett,  born  in  Dorsetshire, 
England  about  1616.  received  a  grant 
for  160  acres  at  Hellgate  in  1652,  for- 
merly In  possession  of  Jacques  Bentyn, 


the  site  of  the  later  Astoria  village.  In 
1655  his  house  and  outbuildings  were 
destroyed  during  the  Indian  uprismg, 
and  he  removed  to  Flushing;  later  he 
settled  again  in  this  section.  A  small 
shell  heap  was  at  Sandford's  Point,  op- 
posite the  north  end  of  Blackwell's 
Island,  showing  that  the  Indians  had 
a  village  there.  There  were  early,  as 
well  as  later,  relics.  A  blockhouse  was 
built  at  Hellgate  during  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  a  water  battery,  "Fort  Ste- 
vens," during  the  War  of  1812.  The 
Woolsey  mansion,  opposite  East  Nine- 
ty-sixth street,  Manhattan,  was  erected 
about  1726;  other  old  houses  are  the 
Barclay  mansion,  on  the  Shore  Road, 
and  the  Rapelje  mansion.  Patents  for 
five  small  plantations  of  about  50  acres 
each  and  extending  from  the  river  to 
the  great  swamp,  or  Lubberts'  swamp, 
were  granted  about  1653;  they  were 
later  purchased  by  Homer  Lawrence, 
who  also  obtained  a  patent  for  the  ad- 
Joining  "Round  Island."  in  1665.  Round 
Island  is  now  known  as  Berrian's 
Island,  and  contains  12  acres.  The 
Greenhook,  later  known  as  the  G.  M. 
Woolsey  farm,  was  granted  to  Jean 
Gerardse  in  1653,  and  in  the  same  year 


THE   OLD   BAY   TAVERN   ON  THE 
POOR-BOWERY. 


the  later  Dr.  Ditmars  farm,  to  PhlllE 
Gerardse,  and  the  later  Polhemus  es- 
tate, to  Tenen  Craye.  In  1654  Anneke 
Jans,  the  widow  of  Dominie  Bogardus, 
obtained  an  additional  patent  on  Pot 
Cove. 

Abraham  Rycken,  or  de  Rycke,  had 
received  in  1638  a  large  grant  of  land 
In  Bushwick.  He  obtained  another 
grant  in  1654  at  the  "Poor  Bowery," 
which  had  originally  been  granted  to 
the  Dutch  Church  on  Manhattan  Island 
for  an  "armen  bouwery" — that  is,  a 
poor  farm.  Abraham  Rycken  died  in 
1689;  his  son  Abraham  enlarged  the 
property;  the  family  burial  place  Is  on 
Bowery  Bay,  near  the  site  of  the  house 
erected  by  the  younger  Rycken.  Hen- 
drick  Rycken,  a  grandson  of  the  orig- 
inal settler,  removed  to  Hallett's  Cove 
prior  to  the  Revolution,  and  bought 
the  sawmill  on  Sunswick  Creek.  The 
foundation  of  the  gristmill  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sackhigneyah  stream  was 
laid  by  Cornelius  Luyster  in  1668. 
Thomas  B.  Jackson  bought  the  mill 
property  on  "Fishpoint"  in  1835,  and 
erected  a  gristmill  on  the  old  founda- 
tions. Sack-ig-naiag  means  a  "point  of 
land  near  the  mouth  of  a  stream." 
Riker's  Island,  containing  50  acres,  and 
formerly  known  as  Hewlett's  Island, 
from  its  being  the  residence  of  George 
Hewlett,  was  conferred  to  Guysbert 
Rycken  in  1667.  The  Rev.  Francis 
Doughty,  the  leader  in  the  original 
Mispat  settlement,  conferred  his  bouw- 
ery on  Flushing  Bay,  at  Stevens  Point, 
on  his  daughter  Mary  at  her  marriage 
in  1645  to  Dr.  Adrian  Van  der  Donck, 
who  obtained  a  patent  for  it  in  1648. 
About  three  years  later,  Thomas  Ste- 
venson, an  Englishman,  living  at 
Flushing,  removed  to  this  farm  as 
tenant  for  Van  der  Donck,  and  after 
the  departure  of  the  latter  to  Holland, 
where  he  died,  Stevenson  obtained  a 
patent  from  Stuyvesant,  conferring 
these  premises  to  himself.  To  this  farm 


belonged  original  y,  a  wooded  eminence 
of  twelve  acres,  lymg  on  the  Fi"shin| 
Meadows;  this  was  named  \onkers 
Island,  after  Van  der  Donck  who  was 
called  "de  Jonker."  or  "Joni^^-^^^^^J^ 
place  was  also  known  as  St.  R?°a-n  3 
Well,"  and  In  later  years,  when  it  was 
a  favorite  place  for  picnic  excursions, 
It  was  called  "Snake  Hill." 

After  the  Mispat  settlement  had  been 
destroyed  by  the  Indians,  a  new  set- 
tlement was  commenced  by  some  Eng- 
lishmen from  New  England;  the  old 
Mispat  or  English  Kills  settlement  was 
located  where  Maspeth  Is  today;  the 
new  place  was  midway  between  the 
old  site  and  Flushing,  along  a  meadow 
from  which  creeks  flowed  into  Newtown 
Creek  and  Flushing  Creek.  Here  they 
settled  in  1651,  and  named  the  place  Mid- 
delburgh, the  "village  midway  be- 
tween"; in  1662  the  name  was  changed 
to  Hastings,  and  later  to  Newtown. 

Another  settlement  was  made  in 
1655  on  Smith's  Island,  the  later  Mas- 
peth Island,  or  Furman's  Island,  in 
Newtown  Creek.  This  settlement, 
named  New  Arnheim,  was  broken  up 
by  the  Dutch  Governor,  as  being  detri- 
mental to  Boswijck  village,  laid  out 
by  Stuyvesant  near  by.  Major  Daniei 
Whitehead  testified  in  court  in  li04 
that  at  the  time  of  the  coming  of  Gov- 
ernor Nicolls,  his  father  and  he,  then 
living  at  "Mespatt  Kills,"  which  then 
did  not  belong  to  Newtown,  chose  dep- 
uties to  the  Assembly  at  Hempstead 
in  1665,  as  other  towns  did.  When 
Yorkshire  was  created  at  this  Assem- 
bly, the  former  Middelburgh,  then 
called  "Hastings,"  was  Included  In  the 
West  Riding  under  the  name  of  "the 
new  towne,"  being  enlarged  by  the  out- 
plantations,  comprising  the  Poor  Bow- 
ery, Hellgate  Neck,  the  English  Kills, 
the  Dutch  Kills,  etc. 

In  1670  a  town  house  was  erected  on 
the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Fish 
House,  on  Grand  Street  and  Hoffman 
Boulevard.  In  this  building  the  serv- 
ices of  the  Presbyterian  Church  were 
held,  the  church  having  been  organ- 
ized in  1651,  until  a  church  edifice  was 
erected  in  1717.  This  was  used  as  a 
guardhouse  and  hospital  by  the  British 
while  they  occupied  Newtown,  from 
1776  to  1783,  and  was  finally  demolished. 
On  the  same  site  a  new  edifice  was 
erected  in  1787,  which  was  enlarged  In 
1836;  it  is  now  used  for  Sunday  school 
purposes.  Opposite  this  old  frame 
structure  a  stone  church  was  opened 
for  service,  in  1895.  The  Dutch  church 
was  organized  in  1704,  and  an  edifice 
was  erected  in  1732;  this  building  was 
used  by  the  British  for  a  powder  maga- 
zine; it  was  taken  down  in  1832,  and  a 
new  one  erected.  The  Protestant  Epls- 
'  copal  Church  was  organized  in  1731. 
Jonathan  Fish  joined  the  Middel- 
burgh settlement  In  1659;  his  grandson, 
Jonathan  Fish,  built,  about  1700,  the 
Fishhouse,  on  the  site  of  the  first  town- 
house.  Samuel  Fish,  the  son  of  the 
younger  Jonathan,  kept  it  as  an  Inn; 
he  also  purchased  the  farm  at  "Fish 
Point,"  on  Flushing  Bay,  a  part  of  the 
Luyster  farm,  or  Poor  Bowery  farm. 
The  Palmer,  Riker,  Luyster,  Kowen- 
towen  and  Jacob  Rapalje  houses  are 
located  on  this  farm.  John  Moore,  who 
died  in  1657,  was  the  first  minister  of 
the  town;  several  "Moorehouses,"  built 
by  his  descendants,  are  to  be  noted. 
One,  a  Colonial  mansion,  Tvas  erected 
on  the  shell  road,  more  than  a  century 
anterior  to  the  Revolution;  another, 
later  owned  by  the  Penfold  family,  and 
a  third  one,  on  the  Bowery  Bay  road, 
with  the  Moore  family  burial  place 
near  by.  The  last-named  house  was 
the  headquarters  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
after  the  Battle  of  Long  Island.  Cap- 
tain Richard  Betts  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  on  the  disputed  lands  along 
the  Bushwick  boundary.  He  built  his 
house  on  the  old  Newtown  road,  be- 
tween Calvary  Cemetery  and  Maurice 
avenue.      The   old   house  on   the   Bur- 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


29 


rough  farm  was  built  long  before  the 
Revolution  by  John  Burrough,  who 
died  here  in  1750.  The  Furman  house, 
later  owned  by  Jonathan  Howard,  and 
standing  on  the  road  to  Flushing,  was 
erected  at  an  early  date.  Willem  Van 
Duyn  settled  in  Hempstead  Swamp,  in 
this  town,  in  1719;  the  homestead  on 
this  farm  was  later  known  as  the  Van- 
derveer  farmhouse;  Abraham  Remsen 
also  settled  at  Hempstead  Swamp;  his 
son  Jeromus  bought  the  farm  in  1735; 
the  Remsen  family  burial  place  is  on 
"Van  Duyn  Hill.  Abraham  Brinckerhoff 
settled  on  a  large  farm  on  Flushing 
Meadows;  the  family  burial  place  is  on 
Flushing  Bay.  The  Jackson  homestead, 
on  Jackson  avenue,  was  built  a  century 
ago.  Some  months  ago  an  article  ap- 
peared in  the  papers,  stating  that  the 
old  house  was  to  be  taken  down  and 
to  be  re-erected  at  Sea  Bright,  N.  J. 
At  Corona,  the  Leverich  homestead, 
facing  the  meadow,  which  is  situated 
between  Newtown  and  Flushing,  was 
built  by  Caleb  Leverich,  who  died  here 
in  1717.  It  became  later  known  as  the 
Elliott  House;  its  oldest  part  is  said 
to  date  back  as  far  as  1664;  in  the  de- 
velopment of  Elliott  Manor,  one  street 
runs  directly  through  the  site  of  the 
old  house.  Here,  too,  the  old  stone 
house  on  the  Old  Mill  road,  built  by 
the  Coe  family,  dates  back  to  the  sev- 
enteenth century;  its  front,  facing  the 
creek,  is  built  of  Holland  brick. 

Gideon  Hallett,  a  descendant  of 
William  Hallett  of  Hellgate,  settled  at 
Maspeth;  on  his  farm  stood  the  Quaker 
Meeting  House,  surrounded  by  the 
burying  ground,  iit  the  Newtown  Turn- 
pike and  Fresh  Pond  road.  A  general 
meeting  of  Friends  in  1724,  held  at 
Newtown,  Is  recorded.  Indian  corn 
grinders,  axes  and  arrowheads  were 
often  plowed  up  at  the  Maspeth 
hills.  Governor  DeWitt  Clinton's  house 
is  still  standing  on  Flushing  and  Mas- 
peth avenues,  at  Maspeth.    It  was  the 


home  of  Judge  Joseph  Sackett,  who 
died  about  1756;  then  Walter  Franklin, 
a  New  York  merchant,  occupied  it  un- 
til his  death  in  1780.  After  him  his 
brother-in-law.  Colonel  Isaac  Corsa,  re- 
sided here.  DeWitt  Clinton's  wife  was 
the  daughter  of  Franklin  and  a  niece 
it  Colonel  Corsa. 

Middle  Village  was  the  site  of  the 
first  Methodist  church  on  Long  Island; 
it  was  built  in  1785.  Prime  mentions  it 
in  1845  as  still  standing,  though  con- 
verted into  a  dwelling.  The  Williams- 
burgh  and  Jamaica  Turnpike  was  built 
about  1813,  and  a  toUgate  was  erected 
at  what  is  now  East  Williamsburg. 
John  Culver  lived  here  in  1790.  Francis 
Titus  had  a  farmhouse  before  the 
Revolution,  on  the  site  of  the  later 
Schumacher's  Hotel;  the  White  farm 
existed  as  a  farm  since  about  1700; 
John  Cozine  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  this  neighborhood.  The 
cemeteries  of  the  Evergreens  and 
Cypress  Hills  are  situated  upon  the 
elevation  known  as  Green  Hills,  or 
Cypress  Hills,  partly  in  Kings  County 
and  partly  in  Queens  County.  The 
general  act  referring  to  cemeteries  for- 
bids these  establishments  to  hold  more 
than  250  acres  of  land  in  one  county, 
and  hence  these  two  cemeteries  vyere 
laid  out  in  two  counties.  A  special  act 
allows  Cypress  Hills  to  hold  100  acres 
more  in  Queens  County.  The  town  had 
a  population  of  2,437  in  1810. 


TOWN  OF  FLUSHING. 

The  Matinecoc  had  a  village  at  the 
place  where  some  Englishmen  settled 
in  1644;  these  men  had  formerly  re- 
sided at  Vlissingen  in  the  Netherlands, 
and  bestowed  upon  the  new  settlement 
the  name  of  their  old  home,  which 
name  was  in  later  times  Anglicized 
into  Flushing.  The  settlers  erected  a 
block  house  near  the  pond,  at  a  point 


later  known  as  Union  street  and 
Broadway;  it  was  a  long,  low  building; 
in  it  wei-e  kept  the  town  records;  also 
arms  and  ammunition  were  there  in 
readiness  in  case  of  an  attack  by  In- 
dians or  other  enemies.  The  "guard 
house"  was  further  used  occasionally 
as  a  place  of  public  worship  by  differ- 
ent denominations;  also  as  jail  in  later 
years. 

A  general  town  patent  was  granted 
to  the  settlers  on  October  10,  1645; 
Flushing  is  called  Newwark  in  an  Eng- 
lish document  of  1663-4.  The  Garrett- 
sen  house  on  Main  street  was  erected 
about  1659;  it  was  used  as  a  hospital 
for  soldiers  during  the  Hessian  occu- 
pancy, while  St.  George's  Church, 
across  the  way,  served  as  a  stable  for 
the  horses  of  the  troops  quartered  in 
the  vicinity.  The  Bowne  house  was 
built  in  1661  and  the  Friends  Meeting- 
house in  1695.  In  17S9  the  house  of  the 
town  clerk,  John  Vanderbilt,  was  de- 
stroyed and  with  it  the  town  records. 
In  the  olden  days  communication  with 
Manhattan  Island  was  had  by  a  large 
canoe,  which  a  man,  living  near  the 
shore,  had  bovight  from  the  Indians  at 
Bayside.  In  ISOl  a  stage  commenced 
to  run  daily  from  Flushing  through  Ja- 
maica and  Bedford  to  Brooklyn  Ferry, 
a  distance  of  twenty  miles;  then  a 
bridge  was  built  over  Flushing  Creek 
and  a  road  and  causeway  by  way  of 
Yonkers  Island  over  the  salt  meadows 
on  Flushing  Bay;  the  stages  eventually 
ran  to  Williamsburgh  Ferry,  a  distance 
of  eight  miles. 

The  Duryea  house  on  Fresh  Meadow 
was  built  in  1662,  a  stone  building  with 
a  low  and  wide  window  between  the 
ceiling  and  the  roof.  Out  of  this  win- 
dow, it  is  said,  a  cannon  pointed,  while 
the  house  was  the  headquarters  of  Hes- 
sian officers  during  the  time  the  main 
army  of  the  British  was  lying  from 
Whitestone  to  Jamaica;  the  house  was 
taken     down     in     1906.    The     Mitchell 


JACKSON  TIDE  MILL. 


30 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


homestead  was  erected  long  bpfore  the 
Revolutionary  War;  it  was  the  head- 
quarters of  Colonel  Hamilton,  who  was 
in  command  of  the  Hessians  encamped 
in  Flushing  during  the  winter  of  1779. 
At  a  ball  given  by  the  commander  on 
Christmas  Eve,  the  house  caught  fire 
and  burned  to  the  ground:  it  was  re- 
built in  the  following  year  and  came 
in  1S04  in  the  possession  of  Henry  Mit- 
chell, whose  descendants  still  own  it. 
Cadwallader  Colden,  while  being 
Lieutenant  Governor,  built  a  mansion 
upon  the  Spring  Hill  farm;  here  trie 
statesman  died  in  1776,  and  was 
buried  on  the  farm.  His  son,  David, 
became  an  active  loyalist  and  the  prop- 
erty was  confiscated  and  sold;  it  was 
purchased  by  Walter  Burling,  who  kept 


/ 


^■^^n. 


DURYEA    HOUSE,    FLUSHING. 


a  store  on  the  site  of  the  later  Flush- 
ing Hotel.  A  century  ago  the  village 
consisted  of  40  or  50  scattered  houses; 
near  the  Friends  Meetingliouse  was  the 
village  pond.  The  whipping  post  stood 
nearly  opposite  the  Flushing  Hotel;  it 
was  abolished  in  ISIO.  In  18-13  a  little 
village  hall  was  erected,  containing  ono 
room  and  four  cells  beneath  it.  San- 
ford  Hall,  on  Jamaica  avenue,  was 
erected  by  Chancellor  Nathan  Sanford 
in  1S36  at  an  expense  of  $130,000; 
shortly  after  it  was  completed  the 
owner  died  and  the  house  stood  vacant 
until  1S45,  when  it  was  purchased  by 
Dr.  McDonald  and  his  brother,  who  re- 
moved their  sanitariimi  from  Murra, 
Hill,  in  New  York  City,  to  this  place. 
In  the  Linnaean  gardens  eleven  skele- 
tons of  Indians  were  uncovered  in  1841; 
all  the  skulls  were  to  the  east.  In  ISSO 
an  Indian  burying  ground  was  opened 
on  Thomas  P.  Duryea's  farm,  a  mile 
from  the  village;  stone  relics  were 
found  here. 

College  Point,  formerly  called  Strat- 
tonport,  is  the  northwestern  portion  of 
a  tract  of  land  which  was  known  as 
Lawrence's  Neck  or  Tew's  Neck.  The 
neck  was  named  after  William  Law- 
rence, who  resided  thereon.  John,  Will- 
iam and  Thomas  Lawrence,  three 
brothers,  were  living  at  Flushing  and 
were  among  the  earliest  English  settlers 
on  Long-  Island.  Thomas,  the  young- 
est, purchased  from  the  settlers  the 
whole  of  Hellgate  Neck  and  removed 
to  that  place.  John,  the  eldest,  took  up 
his  residence  in  New  Amsterdam, 
where  he  died  in  1699,  aged  more  than 
80  5'ears.  William  continued  to  reside 
in  the  town  of  Flushing;  his  house 
stood  on  Lawrence's  Neck;  he  died  in 
1680.  Eliphalet  Stratton  purchased  in 
1790  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres 
of  land  on  the  neck  for  £500.  About 
1S50  his  daughter  disposed  of  one  hun- 
dred and  forty  acres,  the  site  of  the 
later  village,  for  the  sum  of  $30,000,  re- 
taining the  balance  of  the  land  in  the 
family.  Here  was  located  since  1S35 
St.  Paul's  College,  an  institution  for 
the  education  of  young  men  for  the 
ministry  in  the  Episcopal  Church  un- 
der the  direction  of  Dr.  Muhlenburgh. 
The  college  was  discontinued,  but  the 
name  College  Point  is  still  in  use. 

Whitestone  was  settled  nearly  as 
early  as  Flushing  village;  it  was  first 
named  Cookie  Hill  a.nd  later  White- 
stone,  for  a  large  white  rock  that  lies 
at  the  point,  where  the  tides  of  the 
Sound  and  East  River  meet;  in  a  docu- 


ment of  1654  this  rock  is  called  "de 
witte  klip."  Here  was  the  house  of 
Francis  Lewis,  the  only  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  who  re- 
sided in  Queens  County.  During  the 
popularity  of  DeWitt  Clinton  the  place 
was  known  as  Clintonville.  A  century 
ago  there  were  within  the  circumfer- 
ence of  one  mile  only  twelve  houses  in 
the  village.  About  this  time  a  ferry 
was  in  existence,  running  from  this 
point  to  Throgg's  Neck  in  Westchester 
County,  mostly  used  for  the  convey- 
ance of  cattle,  a  sailboat  being  em- 
ployed for  the  purpose. 

Bayside,  three  miles  north  of  Flush- 
ing village,  on  the  west  side  of  Little 
Neck  Bay,  was  settled  soon  after 
Flushing.  Dr.  Rodman  settled  here; 
he  died  in  1731. 

The  land  at  Douglass  Point  was 
owned  by  Thomas  Hicks  long  before 
the  Revolution.  He  had  taken  the  land 
from  the  Indians;  the  latter  retired  to 
the  south  side  of  the  island  and  lo- 
cated in  the  vicinity  of  Springfield 
After  several  changes  the  property 
passed  into  the  hands  of  George  Doug- 
lass. Prior  to  1821  the  only  road  be- 
tween Little  Neck  and  Flu.shing  Vil- 
lage was  through  what  was  later 
known  as  "the  alley,"  winding  its  way 
round  about  and  over  hills  and  increas- 
ing the  distance  more  than  two  miles 
before  reaching  its  terminus  at  "the 
lonely  barn."  In  1824  the  road  from 
Little  Neck  Hotel  was  donated,  a 
causeway  constructed  and  a  bridge 
bviilt  at  Wynandt  Van  Zandt's  expense, 
who  owned  the  land  just  prior  to  Doug- 
lass. In  1834  the  road  was  turnpiked  to 
Roslyn  and  three  years  later  to  Oyster 
Ray;  it  was  known  as  Flushing  and 
North  Hempstead  Turnpike  Road  and 
later  as  Broadway.  At  the  time  of  the 
arrival  of  the  first  settlers  in  this  sec- 
tion an  Indian  trail  existed  where  now 
the  road  is;  in  widening  the  road  to  one 
Inundred  feet  part  of  the  Indian  bury- 
ing ground  at  Little  Neck  will  have  to 
be  cut  off.  For  two  centuries  the  re- 
mains of  Indians  have  been  resting 
here  in  this  litt'e  burial  place.  There 
were  many  relics  and  shellbanks  about 
Little  Neck.  Douglass  Point  was  the 
most  interesting  spot  among  them. 

In  1.810  the  population  of  the  tcwn 
was  2,730. 

TOWN  OF  JAMAICA. 

The  Jamaica  band  of  Indians  dwelt 
upon  the  shores  of  Rockaway  Inlet; 
the  territory  around  Jamaica  Bay  was 
called  Conorasset,  i  e.,  the  planting 
land  of  the  bears  (or  Canarsee  tribe). 
The  first  purchase  of  land  was  made 
of  the  Canarsee;  part  of  the  town's 
territory  was  again  purchased  from 
the  Rockaway,  who  laid  claim  to  the 
eastern  portion.  Jamaica  is  the  name 
of  the  original  Indian  village,  corrupted 
from  Cha-makou,  or  in  the'  Delaware 
dialect,  Cha-raeken.  In  1656  some  Eng- 
lishmen who  had  formerly  lived  in 
the  New  England  Colonies,  and  others 
from  Hempstead  made  a  settlement  on 
land  "beyond  the  hills  by  the  Zout 
Zee"  (i.  e..  Salt  Sea).  Stuyvesant, 
wishing  to  impress  upon  these  men 
that  their  "U'andering  ought  to  cease 
Jiow,  and  that  this  place  was  to  re- 
main their  permanent  home,  named  the 
village  "Rustdorp,"  i.  e.,  place  of  rest. 
Near  the  village  was  a  large  and  deep 
pond,  where  beavers  were  plentiful, 
hence  its  name  "Beaver  Pond."  In  Co- 
lonial times  a  race  track  was  laid 
around  its  border;  in  later  times  the 
pond  was  drained.  The  "beaver-path" 
led  from  the  Indian  village  to  the  pond. 
Jamaica  is  called  Crafford  in  an  Eng- 
lish document  of  1663-4. 

The  Presbyterian  meeting  house,  at 
the  head  of  Meetin.ghouse  lane,  the 
later  Union  Hall  street,  was  built  of 
stone,  forty  feet  square,  in  the  middle 


as  a  prison  by  the  British  in  August, 
1776;  in  1813  it  was  taken  down.  The 
first  edifice  of  the  Dutch  Church  was 
erected  in  1715;  on  its  side  stood  an 
old-fashioned  haj'stack;  this  building 
was  torn  down  in  1833. 

When  Queens  County  was  created, 
the  courts  were  transferred  from 
Hempstead  to  Jamaica  village  and  a 
County  Court  was  erected  in  1684 ;  when 
the  building  became  too  small  for  its 
purposes,  and  the  stone  meeting  house 
had  been  erected,  the  courts  were  held 
for  some  years  in  that  edifice.  In  1709 
a  new  courthouse  was  built  and  used 
until  the  seat  of  justice  was  removed 
in  1788  to  North  Hempstead.  The  first 
building  of  Union  Hall  Academy  was 
erected  in  1791.  Increase  Carpenter's 
Tavern,  in  recent  vears  known  as 
Goetze's  Hotel,  was  used  as  a  tavern 
since  1710.  The  inn  was  the  scene  of 
General  WoodhuU's  capture.  The  prop- 
erty purchased  by  Rufus  King,  in  1805, 
consisted  of  a  roomy  house  and  about 
ninety  acres  of  land,  situated  a  little 
west  of  the  village,  on  the  main  road. 
The  house  fronted  .south.  At  that  time 
it  stood  on  a  bare  field  alxiut  one  hun- 
dred yards  back  from  the  road,  along 
which  ran  a  white-painted  picket  fence. 
Rufus  King  died  in  New  York  City  in 


STONE  MEETING  HOUSE,  JAMAICA. 


1827,  and  he  was  buried  by  the  side  of 
his  wife,  who  had  died  eight  years 
prior,  in  the  Jamaica  village  church- 
yard within  sight  of  his  old  home.  The 
house  is  still  standing  and  is  known  as 
King's  Manor. 

The  town  has  been  at  several  times 
the  seat  of  Colonial  Legislatures. 
Queens  was  known  until  1857  as  Brush- 
ville.  The  remains  of  a  mastodon  were 
found  in  excavating  at  Baisley's  Pond 
in  this  town  in  185t<;  they  consisted  of 
six  molar  teeth  and  some  small  frag- 
ments of  bones,  blackened,  but  not 
mineralized.  In  1810  the  population  of 
the  town  was  2,110. 


TOWN  OF  HEMPSTEAD. 

(Now  Hempstead  and  North  Hemp- 
stead.) 
In  1784  the  town  of  Hempstead  was 
divided  into  North  Hempstead  and 
South  Hempstead.  The  latter  name 
was  afterward  altered  into  Hempstead. 
The  Rockaway  tribe  lived  about  Rock- 
way  and  Hempstead,  scattered  over 
the  plains,  and  extending  northwest 
through  Newtown.  Their  principal 
village  was  Rechouwhacky,  at  "Near 
Rockaway,"  besides  which  they  had 
another  village  on  Hog's  Island  in 
Rockaway  Bay.  At  Hempstead  pur- 
chases of  land  from  the  Rockaway 
tribe  were  made  in  1643  by  a  company 
of  Englishmen.  The  name  of  the  town 
is  supposed  by  some  to  have  been  de- 
rived   from    Heemstede;     i.    e.,     home- 


of  the  main  road,  in  1699;  it  was  used  stead.      Broadhead    says    it    is    named 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


31 


after  a  village  on  the  Island  of  Schou- 
wen   in    Zeeland. 

As  early  as  1640  there  was  a  farm- 
house standing  on  Cow  Harbor,  and 
from  this  fact  the  bay  itself  seems  to 
have  been  named  Heemsteed  Harbor 
before  the  village  of  Hempstead  was 
established.  The  name  is  derived  from 
heem  (house),  farm  and  steedc  (stead), 
place,  spot,  town.  The  name  of  the 
village  appears  in  1647  as  Heemsteede. 

In  Hempstead  village,  near  the 
"Burly  Pond,"  the  Presbyterian  Church 
edifice  was  erected  in  1648,  20  feet 
square.  Governor  NicoUs  convened  a 
meeting  in  this  town  of  delegates  from 
the  several  towns  on  the  Island  and 
from  Staten  Island,  in  1665.  On  this 
occasion  the  "Duke's  Law"  was  made 
the  law  of  the  colony,  and  It  was  in 
force  until  the  first  Colonial  Legislature 
met,  in  168.3. 

The  mansion  of  George  Duncan  Lud- 
low, at  Hempstead  Plain,  later  called 
Hyde  Pai'k,  was  one  of  the  largest 
and  best  houses  on  the  Island.  It  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1773.  The  loss  was 
estimated  at  £3,000.  With  it  was  con- 
sumed a  library  worth  £1,200,  which 
must  have  been  a  large  and  valuable 
collection  of  books  in  those  days.  The 
house  was  immediately  rebuilt  on  the 
old  site.  Ludlow  was  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
colony.  His  estate  was  after  a  wnlle 
confiscated  in  consequence  of  his  ad- 
herence to  the  cause  of  the  British 
during  the  Revolution.  The  famous 
English  Radical,  William  Cobbet,  re- 
sided here  in  1817,  when  the  house  was 
again   destroyed   by  fire. 

South  of  Hyde  Park,  upon  the  open 
grounds,  known  as  Salisbury  Plains. 
Governor  Nicolls  established  a  race 
course  in  1665.  It  was  called  the  New 
Market,  and  continued  to  be  devoted 
to  the  sport  of  the  turf  for  more  than 
a  century.  Between  Hyde  Park  and 
Success  Pond  618  acres  of  land  were 
given  by  the  towns  of  Hempstead  and 
Flushing  to  Governor  Dongan,  who  had 
a  country  residence  here.  The  Dutch 
Church  of  the  original  town  of  Hemp- 
stead was  erected  at  Success  in  the 
midst  of  a  settlement  of  Dutch  fami- 
lies in  1732.  The  place  received  its 
name  from  Success  Pond.  It  was 
changed  in  18.35  to  Lakeville,  N.  H. 
This  edifice  never  had  any  heating  ap- 
paratus of  any  kind  within  its  walls 
except  the  foot-stoves  which  the  farm- 
ers brought  along  and  prepared  them 
at  the  Cornell  house,  across  the  road, 
before  service.  In  warm  weather,  be- 
tween services,  they  would  gather  un- 
der an  old  white  oak  tree,  to  eat  their 
basket  dinner.  In  1813  the  northern 
part  of  the  congregation  withdrew  and 
organized  a  separate  church  at  Man- 
hasset,  N.  H.,  where  an  edifice  was 
erected  three  years  later. 

Success  Pond,  N.  H.,  about  500  rods 
in  circumference,  and  with  an  average 
depth  of  40  feet,  was  called  by  the 
Indians  "Saccut."  Warlike  imple- 
ments of  the  Indians  have  been  found 
here.  The  pond  was  stocked  by  Dr. 
Mitchell,  in  1700,  with  yellow  perch 
from  Ronkonkoma  Pond.  The  site  of 
an  old  Indian  village  and  a  single 
grave  were  discovered  in  188.1,  at  Port 
Washington,  N.  H.,  on  Manhasset 
Neck.  The  name  of  the  neck  was  for- 
merly Cow  Neck.  Its  Indian  name 
was  Sint  Rink.  Manhasset  village  was 
formerly  called  Head  of  Cow  Harbor. 
At  the  most  northern  part  of  the  neck 
is  Sands  Point,  named  after  an  early 
owner.  The  Federal  Government  erect- 
ed a  lighthouse  here  in  1809,  built  of 
stone,  and  80  feet  high.  It  was  named 
Mitchell's  Lighthouse,  in  honor  of  Dr. 
S.-unnel  I>.  Mitchtll.  whose  country 
seat.  "Plandome."  was  at  Cow  Bay. 
Near  the  lighthouse  was  formerly  a 
rock  of  immense  size,  called  Kidd'a 
Rock.     It   was   the   general   belief   that 


Captain  Kidd  had  hidden  under  it  some 
of  his  treasures. 

Roslyn,  N.  H.,  was  formely  known 
as  Hempstead  Harbor.  The  old  Skill- 
man  house  is  standing  upon  a  little  hill 
overlooking  the  crossroads  in  the  vil- 
lage center.  Across  the  dam  is  the 
still  older  Bogart  house.  This  was  the 
home  of  Henry  Onderdonck  in  1769,  who 
established  the  paper  mill  here  on  the 
second  of  the  three  ponds  whicli  ex- 
tend back  front  Hempstead  Harbor. 
Washington  visited  the  mill  on  his 
journey  over  the  Island  and  took 
ireakfast  at  the  Bogart  house  on  that 
occasion.  He  traveled  in  a  quaint 
barouche,  drawn  by  four  white  horses. 
Not  many  years  ago  there  was  still  a 


group  of  old  houses  on  the  slope  oppo- 
site the  Bogart  house.  The  last  one 
to  be  removed  was  prominent  in  the 
village  history  as  "the  inn,"  and  in 
later  times  was  known  as  the  Miller 
House.  Around  the  corner,  with  its 
back  door  facing  the  mill  pond,  is  the 
old  Thompson  house.  Part  of  Roslyn 
was,  in  1842,  laid  out  and  mapped  as 
Montrose  village.  In  this  section  was 
included  the  William  CuUen  Bryant 
property,  and  other  lands  on  the  east- 
ern shore  of  the  harbor.  The  Bryant 
house,  known  as  "Cedarmere,"  was 
built  by  Richard  Kirk  some  twenty-five 
years  before  the  Revolution,  and  is 
situated  on  the  east  bank  road,  near 
the  steamboat  landing.  It  was  pur- 
chased by  William  Cullen  Bryant  about 
the  middle  of  the  last  century  and  was 
partly  destroyed  by  fire  about  1901  or 
1902.  The  old  Valr-ntine  house  near 
the  stone  bridge,  at  the  depot,  was  built 
before  the  Revolution.  The  Losee 
house  was  erected  in  1757.  The  flour 
mill  was  erected  about  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

At  Westbury,  N.  H.,  a  Quaker  meet- 
ing house  was  erected  at  an  early 
date.  Another  one  was  built  at  Man- 
hasset in  1720,  which  was  rebuilt  in 
1810. 

The  courts  of  this  part  of  the  colony 
were  originally,  for  the  most  part,  held 
at  Hempstead,  where  the  Governor  on 
several  occasions  ordered  meetings  of 
the  different  towns.  The  A.ssemblv  of 
1683  transferred  the  courts  to  the  vil- 
lage of  .lamaica.  In  17SS  a  courthouse 
was  built  upon  the  north  side  of  Hemp- 
stead Plains  and  the  courts  were  re- 
moved thereto. 

St.  George's,  the  Episcopal  Church 
at  Hempstead  village,  received  a  royal 
charter  in  1735.  Its  first  building  was 
erected  a  year  prior;  the  present  one 
in  1822.  The  rectory  was  built  in  1793 
The  silver  communion  service,  given 
to  the  church  by  Queen  Anne,  is  still 
In  use.  Sammis'  Hotel,  on  Front  street, 
in  Hempstead  village,  H..  is  an  inter- 
esting old  structure,  said  to  be  two 
centuries  old.  There  is  a  tradition  that 
Washington  slept  under  its  roof  one 
night. 

Foster  Meadow,  H.,  three  or  fo\ir 
miles  south  of  Hempstead  village, 
was  settled  at  an  early  period.  Shortly 
before  the  Revolution  a  Presbyterian 
church  was  erected,  which  was  tal<en 
down  bv  the  British     and     removed  to  I 


Jamaica  for  the  construction  of  bar- 
racks, where  it  was  later  destroyed. 
Clinktown,  named  after  an  Indian 
chief,  who  resided  here  a  mile  or  two 
farther  south,  on  Parsonage  Creek,  was 
later  called  Near  Rockaway.  In  the 
graveyard  of  the  old  Methodist  Church 
are  laid  at  rest  the  200  victims  of  the 
wrecks  of  the  Bristol  and  Mexico  of 
1S36  and  1837.  At  Far  Rockaway  the 
Marine  Pavilion  was  erected  in  1834, 
seventy  rods  from  the  ocean.  About 
1730  Governor  Martin  of  the  Province 
of  Antigua  removed  to  New  York 
and  built  a  large  mansion  on  an 
estate  of  600  acres  at  Rockaway  Beach. 
It  is  known  now  as  Rock  Hall,  and 
came,  in  1824,  into  the  possession  of  the 
Hewlett  family.  The  Merric  tribe  had 
a  village  on  Hicks  Neck.  Freeport,  H.. 
was  formerly  known  as  Raynorstown, 
named  after  Edward  Raynor,  the  first 
settler.  New  Bridge,  H.,  was  formerly 
called  Little  Neck.  At  Meadow  Brook, 
H.,  the  old  homestead  on  the  Dan. 
Smith  farm,  built  in  the  early  part  of 
the  nineteenth  century,  was  of  the  old 
Dutch  type.  It  was  destroyed  ,by  fire 
in  1910.  Harbor  Hill,  N.  H.,  the  high- 
est point  of  the  backbone  of  Long 
Island,  is  405  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  tides. 

In  1810  the  population  of  Hempstead 
was  5,804,  and  of  North  Hempstead 
2,750. 

TOWN  OF  OYSTER  BAY. 

The  town  of  Oyster  Bay  was  the  bone 
of  contention  between  the  Dutch  and 
the  English,  and  although  the  bound- 
ary lines  were  arranged  by  the  treaty 
of  Hartford,  the  last  of  Dutch  Gover- 
nors   never   relinquished    his    claim   of 


MONUMENT  AT  "NEAR  ROCKAWAY," 

To  the  Memory  of  the  Victims  of  the  Wrecks 
of  the  Bristol  and  Mexico,  1836-37. 


jurisdiction  over  the  town  or  any  part 
of  it  until  the  colony  was  taken  by  the 
British.  The  territory  of  the  town  was 
inhabited  by  the  Matinecoc  and  Massa 
peaque  tribes;  the  Matinecocs  occupied 
the  north  shore.  Before  the  arrival  of 
the  whites  tills  tribe  had  been  greatly 
reduced,  probably  through  wars  with 
the  Mohawks,  to  whom  they  paid  trib- 


32 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


ute;  in  1650  Secretary  Van  Tienhoven 
reported  but  fifty  families  left  of  the 
once  important  tribe.  The  Massa- 
peaques  lived  on  the  south  shore,  with 
tneir  main  village  Marossepinck  at  Fort 
Neck. 

The  Dutch  claimed  that  they  had 
begun  the  settlement  of  the  western 
end  of  the  island  as  early  as  1632  and 
that  the  territory  of  the  town  was  a 
part  of  the  western  end;  the  English 
claimed  that  the  Earl  of  Sterling  was 
made  the  proprietor  of  the  island  by 
an  order  of  Charles  I,  and  that  he 
gave  power  to  his  agent  James  Farrett 
to  dispose  of  lands  upon  it.  Then  in 
1639  b'arrett  granted  two  necks  of  land 
on  both  sides  of  Oyster  Bay  to  one 
Mattiiew  Sinderman  or  Sunderland,  a 
sailor,  for  the  consideration  of  ten 
shillings,  in  lawful  money  of  England, 
per  annum.  In  the  following  year  Far- 
rett authorized  Daniel  How  and  others 
to  purchase  land  around  Oyster  Bay 
Harbor  of  the  Indians,  but  the  Dutch 
Governor  on  being  informed  of  this, 
sent  some  soldiers  there  to  break  up 
the  settlement.  They  found  six  men, 
a  woman  and  an  infant  on  the  ground; 
one  house  had  been  erected  and  an- 
other was  in  course  of  construction. 
The  settlers  were  brought  to  the  fort 
on  Manhattan  Island,  and,  after  hav- 
ing signed  an  agreement  to  leave  the 
place,  they  were  dismissed.  Another 
attempt,  two  years  later,  had  a  similar 
fate.  The  treaty  of  Hartford  made 
the  westernmost  part  of  the  harbor  the 
boundary,  the  line  running  straight  to 
the  ocean,  then  the  West  India  Com- 
pany ordered  the  Dutch  Governor  to 
erect  a  fort  or  blockhouse  on  the  East 
bay  in  order  to  more  effectually  resist 
the  encroachment  of  the  English.  How- 
ever, the  conquest  of  the  colony  by  the 
latter  ended  the  dispute  and  although 
the  Dutch  came  once  more  into  pos- 
session for  a  short  time,  Peter  Stuy- 
vesant  had  retired  to  his  bouwery  on 
Manhattan  Island  and  the  fighting 
spirit  had  departed  with  him. 

About  1650,  when  the  Hartford  treaty 
had  given  this  section  of  the  town  to 
the  Dutch,  they  started  a  settlement, 
m  accordance  with  the  order  of  the 
West  India  Company  to  the  Governor, 
at  a  place  at  Shoobrook,  above  Beaver 
Swamp,  to  guard  their  eastern  border. 
The  Indians  called  the  spot  "Susco's 
wigwam,"  it  being  the  residence  of 
Sachem  Susconamon  of  the  Matinecoc; 
the  Dutch  named  the  settlement  Wol- 
ver  Hollow,  it  is  now  known  as  Brook- 
ville.  This  settlement  was  claimed  by 
Hempstead  as  part  of  that  town,  it  is 
located  four  miles  southwest  of  Oyster 
Bay  village. 

Early  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
Dutch  farmers  from  Kings  and  Queens 
Counties  removed  to  this  neighborhood 
settling  at  Wolver  Hollow,  the  present 
Brookville,  others  at  Cedar  Swamp,  the 
present  GlenheajJ,  some  at  Norwich, 
the  present  East  Norwich,  some  at 
Eastwoods,  the  present  Syosset.  In  the 
beginning  the  settlers  attended  services 
at  the  Dutch  Church  in  Jamaica,  six- 
teen miles  distant;  in  1732  a  church 
was  organized,  and  in  the  same  year 
the  rrpsent  site  of  the  church  at  Wol- 
ver Hollow  was  purchased  from  Ed- 
mund Wright  for  the  sum  of  $30;  sub- 
scriptions were  taken  up  for  the  build- 
ing- and  when  the  sum  of  $800  had  been 
raised,  the  edifice  was  started.  The 
present  structure  was  erected  in  1832. 
nnd  It  was  remodeled  in  1875:  it  is  a 
frame  building,  standing  in  the  valley 
of  Brookville  on  a  small  knoU  at  the 
jtmction  of  the  crossroads  leading  to 
Jericho.  In  back  of  the  edifice  are  the 
sheds  for  the  horses  a^^d  wagons,  some 
were  built  in  the  earliest  days,  each 
one  being-  the  nronerty  of  the  family 
who  huilt  it.  In  1734  the  church  was 
associated  -with  the  churches  of  Ne-w- 
to-wn,  Taniaica  and  Manhawset.  it  was 
tho  ntilv  Reformed  Church  in  the  town 
until  1871,   when  the   church   at  L/Ocust 


Valley  was  organized.  The  church  edi- 
hce,  csiimateu  lo  ue  of  a  value  ol  ^lo,- 
OUO,  will  be  sold  and  a  chapel  will  be 
erected  at  Glenhead,  this  being  a  more 
central  point  just  now. 

Oester  tiaai;  i.  e..  Oyster  Bay  was 
named  on  account  of  the  fine  oysters 
found  in  this  bay;  the  town  is  called 
Folstone  in  an  English  document  of 
1663-64.  There  were  large  shellheaps 
near  the  shores  of  Oyster  Bay;  Indian 
cornfields  had  been  abandoned  there  in 
1650.  In  1653  the  Kev.  William  Levericn 
and  others,  in  all  ten  families,  pur- 
chased about  twenty  thousand  acres  of 
land  in  the  town  from  the  Indians  for 
the  consideration  of  six  Indian  coats, 
six  kettles,  six  fathoms  of  wampum,  six 
hoes,  six  hatchets,  three  pair  of  stock- 
ings, thirty  awl  blades  or  muxes, 
twenty  knives,  three  shirts  and  peaque 
to  the  value  of  £4.  When  the  vessel 
arrived,  which  brought  these  settlers 
from  Rhode  Island,  it  sailed  into 
Hempstead  Harbor,  which  was  within 
the  Dutch  jurisdiction  and  landed  the 
cattle  and  goods  there,  because  there 
was  no  house  erected  on  Oyster  Bay, 
in  which  the  goods  could  have  been 
received.  At  that  time  war  prevailed 
between  the  Dutch  and  the  English  in 
Europe  and  Rhode  Island  took  part 
with  the  mother  country.  One  George 
Baxter,  who  was  cruising  against 
Dutch  commerce  under  a  commission 
from  Rhode  Island,  captured  the  vessel 
while  within  the  Dutch  limits  and  the 
United  Colonies  had  to  interfere  to 
procure  its  restoration. 

Glen  Cove,  known  as  such  since  1834, 
was  originally  called  Mosquetah,  later 
Musketo  Cove,  and  at  one  time  Pem- 
broke, but  this  last  name  was  never 
formally  adopted.  In  1661  Thomas 
Terry  and  Samuel  Dearing  asked  for 
permission  to  settle  seven  families  at 
Hempstead  and  ten  at  Matinecock; 
when  the  last  named  settlement  was 
made,  a  dispute  arose  between  Hemp- 
stead and  the  new  settlement.  Hemp- 
stead claimed  the  territory  as  far  east 
as  "Musceata  Coufe,"  while  the  line 
laid  down  by  the  Sachem  Takapousha 
was  the  western  shore  of  Hempstead 
Harbor.  So  when  .loseph  Carpenter 
asked  for,  and  received  a  grant  for 
land  on  both  sides  of  the  river  at  Mus- 
ceata Coufe  to  settle  there  two  or 
three  plantations  and  a  saw  and  full- 
ing mill,  the  constable  and  overseer  of 
Hempstead  refused  to  assist  him  in 
laving  out  his  gi'ounds,  etc.  The  Court 
of  Assizes  decided:  "That  the  governor 
has  given  his  grant  that  Joseph  Car- 
penter shall  have  leave  to  sit  down 
nt  'Musketo  Coufe'  on  the  east  side  of 
Hempstead  Harbor,  whether  belonging 
to  Hempstead  or  not."  In  1668  Carpen- 
ter and  four  others  purchased  the  land 
from  Susconamon  and  Werah.  chiefs  of 
the  Matinecocs.  The  sawmill  erected 
by  Carpenter  was  carried  away  by  a 
freshet  in  1699,  but  his  dwelling  house 
was  standing  until  about  fifty  years 
ago.  The  "Five  Proprietors"  erected 
their  houses  on  the  north  side  of  the 
creek  and  called  the  settlement  "The 
Place"  which  name  has  clung  to  the 
oldest  pajt  of  the  village.  At  the  time 
of  the  Revolutionary  War  there  were 
but  twelve  houses   at   Musketo   Cove. 

Dosoris  is  situated  on  the  Sound,  two 
miles  north  of  Glen  Cove;  the  original 
purchase  of  about  one  thousand  acre.= 
of  land  was  made  by  Robert  Williams 
in  the  same  year  when  Carpe^iter 
bought  his  land.  Dosoris  includes  West 
Island  and  East  Island.  Williams  sold 
the  property  to  Lewis  Morris,  who 
ogain  sold  it  to  Daniel  WTiitehead  and 
the  latter  to  his  son-in-law.  John  Tay- 
lor. Taylor  was  in  possession  in  16''3. 
his  daughter  married  the  Rev.  Benja- 
min Woolsey.  who  named  the  place 
Dosoris,  i.  e.,  "dos  uxoris,"  the  wife's 
dower.  Between  Lattingtown  and  the 
road  leading  to  the  Islands  are  the 
two  burial  places  of  the  Woolsey 
family.    Woolsey  used  to  hold  services 


in  the  Episcopal  church  at  Hempstead, 
riding  thither  on  horseback  over  Do- 
soris l>aue.  The  old  Woolsey  house  is 
still  standing,  the  right-hand  doorway 
of  the  wide  long  hall  is  the  spot,  where 
in  the  time  of  the  Revolutionary  War 
the  whale  boatmen  made  an  unsuc- 
cessful attempt  to  bang  General  Na- 
thaniel Coles,  rhese  marauders  infested 
the  Long  Island  Sound,  making  raids 
on  both  shores  in  whaleboats.  In  1760 
Captain  John  Butler  purchased  East 
Island,  he  built  the  first  flouring  mill 
of  Dosoris  on  the  dam  between  East 
Island  and  the  mainland,  his  son-in- 
law,  Nathaniel  Coles,  added  by  pur- 
chase the  remainder  of  the  Woolsey 
estate  and  his  four  sons  erected  two 
more  mills  on  the  dam  between  the 
two  islands.  The  first  mill  was  taken 
down  and  the  two  others  were  ae- 
stroyed  by  fire. 

Bayville  was  formerly  called  Oak 
Neck  on  account  of  the  many  large 
oaks  here.  At  Francis  Cove,  on  the 
east  side  of  the  neck,  the  Indians  had 
a  camping  place.  At  Matinecock  land 
■ivas  granted,  in  1663,  to  Captain  Joun 
Underbill,  famous  as  the  Indian  killer; 
John  Feexe  and  William  I'rost.  Three 
years  later.  Underbill,  in  a  letter  to  Gov- 
ernor Nicolls,  begs  to  be  excused  from 
military  duty  on  account  of  his  ad- 
vanced age.  He  says:  "Myself  and 
seven  other  families  have  farms  at 
Matinecock,  and  are  on  good  terms 
with  the  Indians  there."  In  1643  he  had 
been  the  leader  of  an  expedition  of 
three  yachts  which  landed  at  Oyster 
Bay  harbor,  sent  out  against  the  In- 
dians in  the  later  Queens  County.  One 
hundred  and  twenty  Indians  were  killed 
and  three  hundred  he  had  destroyed 
north  of  the  Sound.  In  1653  he  had  at- 
tacked the  Massapeaque  at  I'ort  Neck, 
and  had  killed  a  number  of  them. 
Prime  says:  "The  Indians  had  erected 
this  fort  on  Fort  Neck  in  1649;  it  meas- 
ured thirty  by  fifty  yards."  Under- 
bill kept  possession  of  the  fort  to  pre- 
vent a  reunion  of  the  Indians.  In  1667 
the  Matinecoc  gave  Underbill  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  acres  of  land,  which 
he  named  Killingworth;  he  died  in  1672 
and  was  buried  on  his  farm.  At  Ma- 
tinecock is  an  old  Friends  academy, 
and  directly  across  the  way  the  meet- 
ing house  had  been  erected  in  1725. 
Just  beyond  the  present  Locust  Valley- 
is  Mill  Hill,  where  fortifications  were 
built  by  the  British  during  the  Revo- 
lution. At  Buckram  was  the  old  Cocks 
farm  of  250  acres,  part  of  it  is  the  pres- 
ent Piping  Rock  farm,  comprising  100 
acres,  with  the  Cocks  homestead 
upon  it. 

In  Oyster  Bay  village  the  Summers 
House  on  South  street  Is  one  of  the 
oldest  houses,  built  long  before  the 
Revolution.  The  Townsend  House  on 
Main  street,  erected  in  1740,  was  the 
quarters  of  the  British  officers,  Col- 
onel Simcoe  and  others,  during  the 
Revolution.  On  Fort  Hill  are  the  re- 
mains of  the  old  fort,  then  occupied 
by  the  Hessian  soldiers.  Part  of  the 
Youngs  House  on  the  Main  road  is  said 
to  have  been  built  in  1655  by  Thomas 
Youngs.  Washington  was  the  guest 
of  the  house  on  his  journey  over  the 
island.  Near  by  is  the  family  burial 
place,  one  of  the  tombstones  bearing 
date  of  1720.  The  first  Baptist  church 
in  the  village  was  erected  in  1724.  about 
twenty  feet  square,  with  a  quadrangu- 
lar pointed  roof;  it  was  later  con- 
verted into  a  stable.  In  1801  a  new  edi- 
fice was  erected  near  Fort  Hill. 

Center  Island  was  sometimes  called 
Hog  Island,  and  was  in  the  original 
deed  reserved  by  the  Indians,  but  it 
was  soon  after  purchased  by  the  whites 
and  transferred  to  the  town  in  1655. 
East  Norwich  was  formerly  kno-^vn  a- 
Norwich,  and  was  settled  in  1680  by 
.Tames  and  George  Thompson.  The 
name  was  altpre-^  ''t  the  suggestion  of 
the  postal  authorities  to  distinguifih  it 
from   another   Norwich   in   this    State 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


33 


At  Cold  Spring  Harbor  the  Indian 
name  of  the  land  on  the  west  side  of 
the  creek  was  \\  awepex,  and  Nauha- 
uuatuck  on  the  east  side.  The  latter 
name  appears  in  1666  as  a  Matinecoc 
village  near  the  present  Cold  Spring 
Harbor.  The  old  settlement,  East 
Woods,  became,  later,  Woodbury  and 
Syosset.  Daniel  Whitney,  who  was 
born  at  Stamford,  Conn.,  in  1758,  came 
after  the  Kexoimiunary  War  to  Long 
Island  and  settled  near  Eastwoods;  his 
sou  Daniel  was  burn  here  in  the  old 
homestead  in  1781.  The  house  is  to  be 
removed  from  its  old  site  to  make  it 
possible  to  straighten  the  tracks  of  the 
Long  Island  Railroad.  The  Indian 
name  of  Jericho  was  Lusam.  It  was 
also  known  at  one  time  as  Springfield, 
and  at  auutner  time  as  The  J?  anus.  The 
Friends  meeting  house  was  first  erected 
in  1689,  at  which  time  several  families 
of  Friends  took  up  their  residence  here 
and  soon  after  in  the  neighboring  lauds 
about  Westbury,  in  the  town  of  Hemp- 
stead,   now    North    Hempstead. 

The  Bethpage  tract  was  purchased 
from  the  Indians  Ijy  Thomas  Powell.i 
an  active  Friend  from  Huntington,  in' 
1695,  and  an  additional  purchase  was 
made  by  him  four  years  later,  A.  meet- 
ing house  was  built  in  1742,  and  a  new 
one  in  1816.  Hardscrabble,  now  Farm- 
ingdale,  was  included  in  this  tract. 
Manetto  Hill,  north  of  Bethpage.  re- 
ceived its  name,  according  to  Furman, 
from  an  Indian  tradition  concerning  a 
spring  of  water  which,  having  been 
found  during  a  severe  drought,  was 
considered   a    "godsend." 

Fort  Neck  was  bought  from  the  Mas- 
.sepeaque  in  1693  for  £15,  by  Thomas 
Town.send.  who  gave  the  tract  to  his 
son-in-law.  Major  Thomas  .Tones.  The 
Indians  had  a  fort  here,  a  square 
earthwork,  surrounded  by  a  ditch.  An- 
other place  of  defense  consisted  of  pal- 
lisadoes  .set  in  the  meadow.  The  tide 
has  worn  away  the  meadow  and  the 
pl.Tce  is  now  covered  with  water.     Be- 


TOWN  OF  HUNTINGTON. 

(Now  Hmitington  and  Babylon.) 
The  four  original  Long  Island  tribes 
were  distributed  as  follows:  The  Nesa- 
quake  occupied  the  northern  half  of  the 
original  town  of  Huntington  and  also 
Smith  town;  the  Setauket  the  northern 


half  of  Brookhaven;  the  Secatoag  oc- 
cupied the  southern  half  of  Hunting- 
ton and  also  Islip,  and  the  Unkechaug 
the  southern  half  of  Brookhaven 
Some  of  the  tribes  were  in  a  weakene'i 
condition,  and  this  fact  explains  many 
of  the  recorded  irregularities. 

The  Matinecoc  removed  in  1643    tem- 
porarily to  the  territory  of  their  neigh- 


tween  the  beach  and  the  meadow  are 
the  Squaw  Islands.  To  these  the 
squaws  and  children  were  sent  in  time" 
of  battle.  The  Jones  homestead  on  the 
Massepequa  stream,  and  known  as  the 
old  brick  house,  was  erected  in  1696. 
It  was  taken  down  in  1837.  The  Fort 
Neck  House  was  built  in  1770.  The 
population  of  the  town  of  Oyster  Bay 
in  1810  was  4,725. 


bors,  the  Nesaquake,  and  later  they 
even  sold  part  of  that  territory  to  the 
white  settlers.  Two  years  after  the 
Matinecoc  had  invaded  the  Nesaquake 
land  the  eastern  tribes  took  the  four 
tribes  under  their  protection.  In  1659 
Wyandance,  the  Montauk  chief,  gave 
part  of  their  territory  to  Lion  Gardiner 
and  the  Nesaquake  chiefs  gave  after- 
ward a  release  for  the  land  to  flar- 
diner. 


If  the  Matinecoc,  Massepeague  and 
Merric  would  have  had  any  claim  to 
the  territory  of  the  town  of  Hunting- 
ton, this  tract  would  have  been  in- 
cluded in  the  sale  to  the  Dutch  made 
by  Mechowodt,  in  1639,  yet  the  Dutch 
never  tried  to  lay  claim  to  any  part 
of  this  town. 

Babylon  was  taken  in  1872  from  the 
Town  of  Huntington,  and  was  incor- 
porated a  distinct  township.  The  ter- 
ritory of  the  original  Town  of  Himting- 
ton  was  claimed  by  the  Matinecoc, 
Massapeaque  and  Secatoa.g:  The  earliest 
deed  for  land  in  this  town  was  issued 
to  Governor  Eaton  of  the  Colony  of 
New  Haven,  in  1646.  The  actual  set- 
tlement of  the  town  was  commenced  in 
1653,  when  a  purchase  of  land  was 
made  by  some  men  from  Massachusetts. 
The  name  of  the  town  originated  from 
the  fact  that  in  this  first  purchase  a 
neck  of  land  was  reserved  by  the  In- 
dians for  the  purpose  of  hunting.  In 
the  following  extracts  from  a  court  pro- 
ceeding, the  witnesses  state  that  the 
Indians  reserved  the  neck  of  land  for 
their  hunting.  Hence  the  name  Hunt- 
higton,  i  c,  the  l-.unting-town.  or  the 
town  around  the  hunting-grounds, 
was  applied  to  the  original  town,  which 
comprised  six  square  miles,  i,  e.,  the 
land  between  Cold  Spring  and  East 
Cow  Harbor,  and  extended  from  the 
Sound  to  the  country  road.  Of  this 
territory,  Caumsett,  or  Horse  Neck,  the 
later  Lloyd's  Neck,  was  excluded,  and 
was  in  1654  sold  by  the  Indians  to  three 
men  living  in  Oyster  Bay. 

At  the  General  Court  of  Assizes,  held 
at  New  York  City  in  September,  1665, 
Mr.  Leveredge,  the  attorney  for  the  de- 
fendant in  the  case,  viz.:  the  Town  of 
Huntington,  produced  an  assignment 
from  the  inhabitants  of  Oyster  Bay 
of  all  their  rights  to  the  land  at  Hunt- 
ington, etc.,  bearing  date  of  April  2, 
1653;  wherein,  he  said.  Horse  Neck  is 
included  (though  not  by  name  men- 
tioned), as  not  being  excepted.  Daniel 
Whitehead,  one  of  the  first  purchasers 
of  land  at  Oyster  Bay  and  Huntington, 
declared  that  Horse  Neck  did  never  be- 
long to  either  of  the  towns,  it  being 
reserved  by  the  Indians  at  their  first 
sales  "for  hunting,"  and  yet  Mr.  Lever- 
edge,  being  told  by  a  chief  sachem, 
he  wrote  to  the  said  Daniel  Whitehead, 
to  buy  it,  otherwise,  he  should  not  come 
to  live  at  Huntington.  Robert  Will- 
iams, also  one  of  the  first  purchasers, 
declared  that  Horse  Neck  was  excepted 
by  the  Indians  in  the  first  sale,  as  re- 
served for  their  hunting,  so  Oyster 
Bay  could  not  resign,  what  they  had 
not.  He  said,  moreover,  that  they 
being  sensible  of  their  want  of  title  to 
the  said  neck,  he  struck  a  bargain  with 
an  Indian  for  it  and  delivered  him  a 
coat  in  part  payment,  but  the  Indian 
coming  no  more,  he  could  not  get 
through  with  his  bargain,  which  after- 
wards Daniel  Whitehead  did  perform. 

Ketanomocke  was  the  name  of  an 
Inilian  village  at  or  near  the  site  of 
Huntington  Village,  derived  from 
Keht  anome  ohke  (principal  inside 
pl;ice:   i.  ■>..   in   b;ick  of  the  bay). 

In  1660  the  town  put  herself  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  Connecticut,  this 
connection  was  dissolved  in  1664,  on  the 
conquest  of  New  Netherland.  A  town 
patent  was  issued  in  1666. 

The  first  church  in  Huntington  Vil- 
lage was  organized  in  1658.  These 
earliest  churches  on  Long  Island,  out- 
side of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Dutch. 
were  variously  called  Presbyterian. 
Independent,  Congregational,  Puritan, 
etc.  The  church  edifice  was  erected 
in  1663,  a  little  west  of  the  present  site, 
and  was  enlarged  in  1685.  In  1715  a 
new  building  was  started,  but  after  a 
beginning  had  been  made,  it  was  taken 
down  again  and  removed  to  the  present 
location,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and 
Spring  streets:   it  was  furnished  with  a 


34 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


bell.  In  1777  the  British  converted  the 
church  into  a  military  depot,  the  bell 
was  taken  away,  and  though  it  wa.=) 
afterwards  restored,  it  had  been  so  in- 
jured as  to  be  useless.  In  1782  Count 
Rumford,  who  was  then  in  command  o£ 
the  troops,  had  the  building  torn  down 
and  the  timber  was  used  to  erect  bar- 
racks for  the  troops  in  the  center  of  the 
cemetery;  the  graves  were  leveled  and 
the  tombstones  used  for  building  the 
fireplaces  and  ovens  for  baking  pur- 
poses. The  remains  of  the  Britisn 
fortifications,  made  then,  are  still  to  be 
seen.  Some  of  the  tombstones  in  the 
cemetery  date  back  to  the  seventeenth 
century.  A  new  church  edifice  was 
constructed  in  1784;  the  manse  was 
built  nearly  a  century  ago.  The  first 
building  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church 
was  erected  in  1750,  the  Silas  Wood 
House  is  said  to  be  over  two  centuries 
old;  the  Lefferts  homestead,  too,  is  a 
very  old  structure;  the  Chichester 
homestead  gave  shelter  to  Nathan 
Hale.  ■■^* 

Lloyd's  Neck,  formerly  called  Horse 
Neck,  contains  2,849  acres  of  land,  and 
is  situated  between  Cold  Spring  and 
Huntington  harbors;  wigwams  and 
shellbanks  were  frequent  along  the  west 
shore.  The  neck,  called  by  the  Indians 
"Caumsett,"  was  purchased  in  1654  from 
Eatiocan,  the  Sagamore  of  Cow  Har- 
bor; twenty- four  years  later  James 
Lloyd  of  Boston  became  the  owner,  and 
from  him  the  neck  received  its  present 
name.  Under  the  name  of  "Queens 
Village,"  the  neck  was  made  an  inde- 
pendent plantation  or  manor  (English 
fashion)  in  1685,  but  in  1790  a  renewal 
of    this  privilege  of  the  estate  was  de- 


FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 
HUNTINGTON. 


nied  by  the  Legislature  of  the  newly- 
established  State.  The  British  built 
Fort  Franklin,  named  in  honor  of  the 
Tory  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  during 
the  Revolutionary  War  here.  Lloyd's 
Point  Lighthouse  marks  the  entrance 
to  the  harbor.  Lloyd's  Neck  was 
made  part  of  the  Town  of  Oyster  Bay 
in  17SS,  but  has  in  later  times  been 
incorporated  with  Huntington. 

Eaton's  Neck  was  known  as  Eaton's 
Manor,  and  as  Gardiner's  Neck;  it  was 
annexed  in  17S8,  when  the  town  was 
recognized  by  the  law  of  the  State. 
Eaton's  Neck  Lighthouse  was  erected 
in  1798;  the  steamer  Lexington  was 
destroyed  by  fire  near  the  neck  in  1840. 
The    Northport    region    was      formerly 


Great  Cow  Harbor,  and  Centerport  wan 
Cow  Harbor;  there  is  an  old  mill  at 
Northport.  The  Walt  Whitman  home- 
stead is  located  at  West  Hills.  Mel- 
ville was  formerly  Sweet  Hollow,  its 
Indian  name  was  Sunsquams.  Vernon 
Valley  was  formerly  known  as  Red 
Hook. 

Babylon  Village,  B.,  was  originally 
known  as  Sampawam's  Village,  and 
existed  as  a  settlement  on  Sampa- 
wam's Neck  long  before  the  Revolution. 


^M;^ 


LEFFERTS  HOMESTEAD.  HUNTINGTON. 


An  Indian  deed  for  the  neck  was  ob- 
tained in  1689  from  several  Indians,  who 
called  themselves  "the  chiefheads  of 
the  Secatoag."  In  1730  a  small  church 
edifice  was  erected,  it  was  taken  down 
by  the  British  and  its  timber  was  used 
for  military  purposes;  in  1784  a  new 
building  was  erected.  The  oldest  part 
of  the  Conklin  homestead  at  West 
Deer  Park,  B.,  is  said  to  have  been 
built  in  the  earliest  days  of  the  settle- 
ment of  old  Huntington  Town.  Castle 
Conklin  is  situated  on  Cap  Tree  Island, 
B.;  Havemeyer's  Point  Inn  is  on  tlw 
Great  South  Bay,  B.;  Amityville,  B., 
was  formerly  West  Neck;  Powell's 
Creek  at  this  place  was  called  "Nar- 
rasketuck."  In  1810  the  population  of 
the  Town  of  Huntington  was  4,424,  in- 
cluding 53  slaves;  the  taxable  prop- 
erty was  valued  at  $736,350. 


TOWN  OF   SMITHTOWN. 

Richard  Smith,  jr.,  came  with  his 
father,  Richard  Smith,  sr.,  from  Glou- 
cestershire, England,  to  Boston  in  1630, 
where  he  married.  He  settled  with  his 
father  at  Taunton,  in  1641;  he  purchas- 
ed a  large  tract  on  Narragansett  Bay 
and  built  a  trading  house  at  Wickford. 
At  various  times  up  to  1659  he  acquired 
other  large  parcels  of  land. 

In  1654  the  war  broke  out  between 
Ninigret  and  the  eastern  Long  Island 
tribes;  in  one  of  his  attacks  Ninigret 
captured  the  daughter  of  Wyandance 
of  Montauk.  Lion  Gardiner  restored 
the  daughter  to  the  Montauk  chief, 
who  then  gave  him  in  1659  the  Nesa- 
quake  lands  on  the  north  shore  of 
Long  Island,  for  which  he  received  a 
release  from  the  Nesaquake  chief 
three    years  later. 

In  1663,  Gardiner  sold  the  Nesaquake 
lands  to  Richard  Smith,  jr.,  who  hav- 
ing had  differences  with  his  neighbors 
in  Rhode  Island  removed  to  here  and 
purchased  in  1665  the  remaining  part 
of  the  later  town,  west  of  the  Nisso- 
quogue  River,  from  the  Indians. 

On  March  27,  1666,  Secretary  Matthi- 
as Nicolls  sent  a  letter  to  the  Con- 
stable and  Overseers  of  Seatalcott, 
in  which  he  said:  "That  upon  consider- 
ation of  an  agreement  heretofore  made 
between  the  Coramissioners  of  His  Ma- 
jesty's Colony  of  Connecticut  and  Mr. 
Smith  of  Nesaquake,  Governor  Nicolls 
has  been  pleased  to  confirm  the  same 
and  to  grant  to  Mr.  Smith  a  patent 
for  his  lands,  with  the  privilege  that 
it  shall  be  free  from  all  rates  and  taxes 


from  the  first  settlement  until  a  cer- 
tain term  of  years  shall  be  expired, 
as  in  the  patent  is  expressed.  Now  his 
honor's  meaning  therein  is  that  from 
the  time  of  Mr.  Smith's  arrival  here, 
until  such  a  time,  the  land  shall  be 
free,  so  that  if  your  late  seizure  of  any 
beasts  for  a  rate  or  tax  be  for  any 
such  thing,  before  the  time  of  the  Gov- 
ernor's coming,  they  are  not  cleared 
by  this  patent;  but  if  it  be  for  any  rate 
since,  you  are  to  make  return  of  the 
beasts,  or  any  other  goods  you  have 
seized,  and  also  to  forbear  doing  the 
like    in  the  future." 

On  April  3,  1666,  Matthias  Nicolls 
.sent  a  letter  to  Richard  Smith,  in  which 
he  states:  That  since  the  letter  was 
sent  by  him  to  the  constable  and  over- 
seers of  Seatalcott,  the  Governor  was 
informed  that  Mr.  Smith  had  not  only 
been  notified  of  the  tax,  levied  on  his 
property,  but  that  he  had  also  given  a 
bond  to  the  officer  of  the  town  for 
the  payment  thereof  and  he  has  de- 
creed: "That  the  time  of  your  lands  at 
Nesaquake  being  freed  from  rates, 
shall  begin  only  from  the  day  of  the 
date  of  your  patent  and  what  you 
have  been  assessed  at  before  for  those 
lands,  is  to  be  paid  to  the  oflficers, 
empowered  by  the  law,  to  receive  it; 
and  if  you  go  on  with  your  bargain 
with  Mr.  Delavall,  about  the  two 
horses,  you  were  treating  about,  and 
draw  a  bill  upon  him  for  so  much  as 
your  rate  amounts  to,  he  will  allow 
it;  and  upon  the  delivery  thereof  to 
Mr.  Lane,  there  will  be  orders  taken 
for  the  return  of  your  oxen.  I  am, 
moreover,  to  put  you  in  mind  of  your 
former  engagement  before  his  honor, 
to  contribute  to  the  allowance  of  the 
Minister  of  Seatalcott  until  you  shall 
otherwise  be  provided  what  will  be 
expected  from  you." 

On  April  5,  1666,  Francis  Mancy, 
constable,  and  Daniel  Lane,  one  of  the 
overseers  of  Seatalcott,  and  Richard 
Smith,  being  called  before  the  Gov- 
ernor, agreed:  "That  the  said  Richard 
Smith,  notwithstanding-  any  clause  or 
circumstance  in  the  patent,  lately 
granted  by  his  honor,  unto  him  or  any 
former  agreement  with  the  commis- 
sioners of  His  Majesty's  colony  of 
Hartford,  is  and  shall  be  lyable  to 
pay  all  rates  and  levyes  according  to 
the  proportion  of  his  estate  at  Nesa- 
quake until  the  day  and  date  of  the 
said  patent,  and  likewise  that  he  pay 
towards  the  maintenance  of  the  minis- 
ter at  Seatalcott  during  the  term  in 
}'e  said  patent  mentioned,  or  until  he 
shall  be  otherwise  provided,  and  that 
nothing  in  the  said  patent  expressed 
shall  hinder  the  said  Richard  Smith 
from  trying  his  title  at  Jaw  to  any 
land,  that  now  is.  or  hereafter  may  be 
in  question  between  him  and  the  town 
of  Seatalcott  or  any  others." 

In  the  following  March  an  agreement 
was  made  between  Richard  Smith  and 
the  town  of  "Brookhaven,"  by  which 
he  was  to  convey  to  the  said  town 
all  the  right,  title  and  interest,  which 
he  has  or  claims  in  and  to  a  certain 
parcel  of  land,  lying  within  the  west 
line  of  the  said  town.  The  town  prom- 
ised to  reimburse  him  for  all  expenses 
and  all  money  laid  out  by  him  for  the 
town's  use.  Also  for  the  next  year,  his 
land  shall  not  be  rated  or  taxed,  nor 
any  levy  be  made  thereupon  toward 
the  maintenance  of  the  minister,  but 
he  shall  be  wholly  excused  for  the 
said  year,  the  town  making  good  the 
same. 

It  appears  from  the  foregoing  para- 
graphs that  Richard  Smith,  on  the 
strength  of  the  patent  granted  to  him 
by  the  Commissioners  of  Connecticut, 
refused  to  pay  part  of  the  rate  of  the 
town  of  Seatalcott.  His  patent  guaran- 
teed exemption  from  taxation  for  a 
certain  number  of  years,  but  Seatal- 
cott   apportioned    a   part    of   the    town 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


35 


rate  upon  a  section  of  his  land,  which 
they  claimed  was  within  their  town 
limits,  and  on  his  refusal  to  pay  the 
tax,  the  constable  seized  some  of  his 
oxen. 

Probably  on  the  occasion  of  his  meet- 
ing with  the  town  ofiicers  of  Seatal- 
cott,  in  the  presence  of  the  Governor, 
he  coined  the  word  "Bull  rider."  "Bull" 
denotes  a  diploma,  a  decree,  given  by 
some  high  authority;  "rider"  Is  an  ad- 
ditional clause  to  a  document,  in- 
serted after  its  completion;  it  Is  de- 
rived from  the  Anglo-Saxon  "ridan," 
to  oppress,  to  burden,  to  lie  heavily 
upon.  The  patent  issued  by  Governor 
Nicols  stated  that  the  plantation  was 
to  be  free  from  taxation  for  a  certain 
number  of  years  from  the  date  of  Mr. 
Smith's  arrival.  Afterward  the  Gov- 
ernor decreed  that  the  time  of  freedom 
from  the  taxation  was  to  begin  with 
the  date  of  the  patent,  granted  by  him. 
This  last  clause  is  what  Richard  Smith 
termed  the  "buUrider,"  and  to  this 
day  his  descendants  are  called  Bull- 
Smiths. 

The  Matinecoc  had  retired  during  the 
war  of  1G43  to  the  territory  of  the 
Nesaquake  tribe.  Here  the  first  set- 
tlement was  made  in  1668  at  Nisse- 
quogue  on  the  harbor  on  the  north 
shore;  near  the  point  were  shellheaps. 
The  name  of  the  plantation  appears  m 
the  patent  as  "Smithfield  or  Smith- 
town."  Smithtown  village  was  also 
known  as     "Head  of  the  Harbor." 

Richard  Smith  was  buried  at  Nisse- 
quogue,  near  his  residence.  The  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Smithtown  was 
organized  about  1698  and  the  first 
edifice  was  erected  at  Nissequogue; 
in  1750  the  church  was  removed 
of  Smithtown  Branch  and  here,  about 
six  feet  in  the  rear  of  the  present 
edifice,  the  first  structure  on  the  new 
site  was  erected.  It  was  a  mere  shell 
covered  with  boards,  the  shingles  and 
rafters  were  exposed  and  no  plaster 
was  on  the  walls.  In  1827  this  build- 
ing was  removed  and  was  for  years 
used  as  a  woolen  factory  at  New  Mills; 
the  present  building  is  standing  about 
100  feet  back  from  the  road,  the 
churchvard  being  in  front  of  the  edi- 
fice; it  was  dedicated  in  1827,  the 
church  was  regularly  organized  in  17oj. 
In  1911  the  old  building  located  west  of 
the  church  and  built  about  the  same 
time,  when  the  first  church  was  erected, 
was  removed  to  another  site  on  the 
Hauppauge  roafl.  Epenetus  Smith, 
who  was  born  in  1724,  erected  the 
house  and  occupied  it  as  a  tavern  from 
about  1750  until  his  death  in  1803;  it 
was  then  used  as  a  dwelling  for  about 
sixty  years.  In  the  early  sixties  it  was 
again"  opened  as  a  tavern  by  Israel 
Whitman,  who  sub.sequently  purchased 
the  building;  in  the  early  days  the 
tavern  was  the  stopping  place  for  the 
second  night  on  the  stage  trip  from 
New  York  Citv  to  Sag  Harbor;  the  fare 
from  New  York  City  to  Smithtown  was 
8  shillings.  Special  terms  of  court 
were  held  in  a  large  room  in  the  sec- 
ond story  of  the  tavern.  Hauppauge 
or  Hoppogue,  formerly  called  "Wheel- 
er's," after  an  early  settler,  is  an  old 
settlement;  on  the  Nissequogue  South 
Farm  is  an  old  mill.  Indian  burial 
places  were  discovered  near  Fort  Sa- 
longa.  This  fort,  also  called  Fort 
Slongo,  was  constructed  by  the  Brit- 
ish during  the  Revolutionary  War  at 
Tread  well's  bank;  it  was  captured  by  a 
party  of  Americans  in  1781,  who  de- 
stroyed the  fortifications  and  two 
cannon,  took  twenty-one  prisoner?,  one 
brass  piece,  the  British  colors  and  a 
quantity  of  small  arras;  also  ammuni- 
tion, returning  without  the  loss  of  a 
man. 

In  1810  the  population  of  the  town 
was  1592.  including  seventy-four  slaves; 
the  taxable  valuation  amounted  to 
$374,209. 


TOWN   OF   ISLIP 

On  September  29,  1650,  Nasseconsack, 
"Sachem  of  Long  Island"  sold  to  Ed- 
mond  Wood,  Jonas  Wood,  Jeremy 
Wood,  Timothy  Wood,  Daniel  White- 
head and  Stephen  Hudson  a  tract  of 
land,  from  the  Nesaquake  River  east- 
ward to  a  river  called  Memanusack, 
lying  on  the  north  side  of  Long  Island; 
and  on  the  south  from  Connecticut  four 
necks  westward. 

Jonas  Wood,  Jeremy  Wood  and 
Daniel  Whitehead  went  to  view  the 
four  necks  of  meadow,  lying  westward 
from  Conecticutt  River,  and  there  lived 
and  old  Homes   (homos=Narrag.ansett, 


PAPER  MILL  ON  ORIWIE  UKE,  ISLIP, 
ERECTED  1820. 


an  old  man)  and  his  son,  whose  name 
was  Wanequaheag,  who  owned  these 
necks,  and  the  purchasers  of  the  land 
told  them  that  Nasseconseke  had  un- 
dertaken to  sell  to  them  these  four 
necks  and  "they  seemed  very  willing." 

The  deed  covers  the  land  on  the  north 
side  from  the  east  side  of  Nesaquake 
River  to  Stony  Brook  and  extending 
across  the  island,  embraced  the  four 
necks  west  of  Connetquot  or  NieoUs 
River.  Thus  a  great  part  of  the  later 
towns  of  Smithtown  and  Islip  were  sold 
in  1650  to  these  men,  whose  names  ap- 
pear among  the  purchasers  of  Indian 
lands  in  various  towns  of  Long  Island, 
but  it  seems  that  they  never  applied 
for  a  patent  for  this  tract. 

Nasseconsack  was,  no  doubt,  a  Nesa- 
quake chief  and  Wanequaheag  a 
.■^ecatoag  chief.  In  1683  Winnequaneag, 
Indian  Sachem  of  Connetquot  (Wane- 
quaheag mentioned  in  1650)  sold  to  Wil- 


line.  In  1701  he  established  his  perma- 
nent residence  at  Great  Neck.  He  was 
twice  married;  in  1693  he  married  Anna 
Van  Rensellaer,  daughter  of  Jeremiah 
Van  Rensellaer,  and  widow  of  Killian 
Van  Rensellaer,  one  of  the  heirs  of 
the  original  proprietor  of  the  Manor 
of  Rensellaerwyck.  In  1704  William 
Nicolls  became  the  proprietor  of  a  tract 
of  land  on  Shelter  Island,  embracing  a 
great  part  of  that  island,  by  the  will 
of  Giles   Sylvester. 

The  name  Islip  was,  no  doubt,  origin- 
ally applied  to  the  Nicolls  estate  ex- 
clusively, but  in  course  of  time  to  the 
entire  town.  In  a  manner  similar  to 
the  one  of  the  Van  Rensellaer  family, 
the  Islip  estate  was  always  devised  to 
the  eldest  son,  and  the  Shelter  Island 
property  to  a  younger  son;  and  the 
Islip  estate  remained  undivided  for 
more  than  a  century. 

William  Nicolls  died  in  1723,  his  wife 
having  died  eight  years  prior.  The 
town  began  to  be  settled  In  16GG,  and 
was  organized  in  1710. 

The  Patchoag  tribe  occupied  the  land 
east  of  the  Connetquot  Brook  or  Nic- 
olls River,  the  Secatoag,  nearly  ex- 
tinct, when  the  island  was  first  settled 
by  the  whites,  were  on  the  west  side 
of  the  waterway,  extending  along  the 
south  coast  as  far  west  as  Oyster  Bay 
Town;  their  principal  village  was  about 
a  mile  southwest  of  the  present  Islip 
Village,  near  Olympic.  From  this  point 
are  shell  heaps  westward  to  the  county 
line. 

The  neck  of  land  adjoining  Skook- 
wams  Neck  on  the  east,  then  known 
as  George's  Neck,  with  Port  Neck, 
called  by  the  Indians  Sequatogue 
Neck,  and  Oak  Neck,  alias  Oquenock, 
were  purchased  from  the  aborigines 
by  Thomas  and  Richard  Willett  in 
1692.  East  of  these  necks,  Sagthekoos, 
or  Appletree  Neck,  was  patented  to 
Stephen  Van  Cortlandt,  in  1697;  east 
of  this  neck  was  the  land  granted  to 
John  Mowbray,  in  1708,  extending  to 
the  Oriwie  Creek.  Mowbray  acquired 
this  tract  of  land  from  the  Van  Cort- 
landt brothers,  who  had  bought  it  from 
the  Secatoag  five  years  prior,  viz,  in  1703. 
The  land  farther  east  extending  to 
Winganhauppauge  Creek,  or  Cham- 
plain's  Creek,  was  granted  to  Andrew 
Gibb;  the  tract  extending  east  from 
this  point  as  far  as  Blue  Point,  was 
granted  to  William  Nicolls  in  parts, 
viz.,  in  1684,  1686  and  1697,  also  the 
Seal  Islands,  or  Fire  Islands,  in   1688. 

In  1769  a  small  church  edifice  was 
erected  by  a  descendant  of  Nicolls  near 


FIRE  ISLAND  LIGHTHOUSE. 


liam  Nicolls  the  neck  of  land  between 
the  Connetquot  and  Cantasquntha 
Rivers. 

William  Nicolls  was  the  son  of 
Matthias  Nieolls,  who  was  descended 
from  an  old  family  at  Islip,  Northamp- 
tonshire, England,  and  he  probably  ap- 
plied the  name  of  the  family's  old 
home  to  his  estate  here.  William 
Nicolls  received  a  patent  from  Gov- 
ernor Fletcher  in  1697,  by  which  his 
several  purchases  of  land  in  this  town 
were  confirmed  to  him,  extending  from 
Champlain's  Creek  to  the  eastern  town 


the    middle    of    the    town,       the    later 

St.  John's;  it  was  occasionally  used 
by  the  Episcopal  Church,  though  it  re- 
mained unblessed  by  the  bishop  until 
1843.  The  paper  mill  on  Oriwie  Lake 
was  built  in  1820;  the  Fire  Island  Light- 
house, situated  on  Fire  Island  Beach, 
was  built  in  1858. 

Lake  Ronkonkoma  is  located  In  the 
northeastern  corner  of  Islip,  portions 
of  it  are  within  the  limits  of  Brook- 
haven  and  Smithtown.  The  lake  is 
in  the  midst  of  an  extensive  forest, 
pear-shaped,  three  miles  In  clrcumfer- 


36 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EAE^Y  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


ence,  and  covers  a  surface  of  460  acres. 
Its  greatest  depth  Is  63  feet;  great 
quantities  of  white  quartz  arrowheads 
have  been  found  on  the  east  side  of  the 
lalie,  they  are    common    eastward. 

In  1810  the  population  of  the  town 
of  Islip  was  885,  including  13  slaves, 
the  taxable  property  was  valued  at 
$211,200. 


TOWN  OF  BROOKHAVEN. 

The  territory  of  this  town  on  the 
south  side  was  purchased  from  the 
Patchoag  and  that  on  the  north  side 
from  the  .Setauket  tribe.  The  last 
named  tribe,  which  occupied  the  north 
shore  from  Stony  Brook  to  Wading 
River,  sold  their  last  remaming  lands 
in  1675.  The  first  settlement  in  this 
town  was  made  by  men  from  Boston 
in  1655,  at  a  point  where  the  Setau- 
ket had  their  principal  village  and  it 
was  named  for  that  reason  Setauket. 
The  town  was  known  at  first  as  Setau- 
ket and  was  organized  in  1658.  In  the 
list  of  delegates  of  the  several  towns  to 
the  meeting  at  Hempstead  in  1665,  this 
town  is  called  Seatalcott,  in  a  docu- 
ment of  1668,  Seatalcott  alias  Brook- 
haven,  in  another  of  1672,  Seatalcott 
alias  Brook  Haven,  in  1680  we  find  a 
record   of    Seatalcutt    South. 

In  1631,  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council  of  New  England, 
had  granted  to  Lord  Say  and  Seal  and 
Lord  Brook  and  several  others  land  on 
the  main,  extending  from  Narragansett 
River  westward  120  miles  along  the 
Sound.  In  1635  the  younger  John 
Winthrop  brought  a  number  of  men  to 
Kievifs  Hoeck  at  the  mouth  of  Connecti- 
cut River,  and  changed  the  nam«  of  the 
place  to  Point  Say-Brook  in  honor  of 
the  patentees.  The  settlers  tore  down 
the  Dutch  arms,  which  were  found  fast- 
ened to  a  tree.  Lion  Gardiner,  ,vho  was 
with  them,  erected  a  fort  at  Say  Brook 
and  acted  as  its  commander  until  he 
purchased,  in  1639,  Manchonock,  or  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  i.  e.,  Gardiner'."?  Island, 
and  removed  to  it. 

On  the  same  patent  was  another  set- 
tlement made  in  1638  by  men  from 
Boston  under  the  leadership  of  Eaton 
and  Davenport.  The  place,  called  by 
the  Indians  Quinnipiack,  and  by  Adri- 
an Block  Rodenbergh,  i.  e..  Red  Moun- 
tain, was   named  New  Haven. 

In  1643,  the  New  England  Colonies 
formed  a  confederacy  and  John  Win- 
throp became  the  presiding  commis- 
sioner. The  right  of  Connecticut  to  set- 
tle colonies  on  Long  Island,  which  was 
denied  by  the  Dutch,  was  recognized. 
Say- Brook  became  a  part  of  Connecti- 
cut in  1644  and  in  the  same  year  the 
independent  plantation  of  Southamp- 
ton or  Southton,  on  Long  Island,  was 
taken  into  the  jurisdiction  of  Connec- 
ticut. Seatalcott,  or  Setauket,  placed 
itself  under  the  protection  of  Connec- 
ticut in  1659,  and  became  a  part  of 
that  colony  in  1662. 

On  March  12,  1664,  Charles  II.,  by  let- 
ters patent,  granted  the  land  occupied 
by  the  Dutch,  together  with  Long  Is- 
land, to  his  brother  James,  the  Duke 
of  York.  Governor  Winthrop,  on  seeing 
the  letters  patent,  informed  the  Eng- 
lish on  Long  Island  that  Connecticut 
had  no  longer  any  claim  on  the  island. 
Silas  Wood  says:  "It  seems,  however, 
that  the  colony  of  Connecticut  was 
still  desirous  of  retaining  Long  Is- 
land under  her  jurisdiction  and  the 
several  towns  on  the  island,  which  had 
been  connected  with  that  colony,  were 
as  anxious  that  this  connection  .should 
be  continued." 

In  1666,  John  Winthrop  purchased  a 
tract  of  land  on  the  south  side  ex- 
tending from  the  western  limit  of  the 
town  to  Carman's  River.  On  occasion 
of  a  hearing  on  Indian  affairs  on  No- 
vember 5,  1677,  a  Patchoag  Indian  ap- 
peared   before    Governor    Andros    and 


said  that  "Governor  Winthrop  came 
over  upon  the  island  and  the  speaker's 
people  gave  him  a  piece  of  meadow,  he 
being  a  very  good  man,  but  he  is 
now  dead,  and  did  not  buy  any  upland, 
and  the  meadow  was  given  to  him; 
and  yet  one  Dayton  and  those  of  Sea- 
talcott claim  both  upland  and  meadow 
and  Dayton  has  built  a  house  upon 
the  upland.  There  is  no  record  that 
Governor  Winthrop  had  ever  improved 
the  land,  still  it  may  be  assumed  that 
he  acquired  the  land  on  the  south  side 
of  Long  Island  for  a  definite  purpose. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  Winthrop 
had  founded  Saybrook  on  the  mouth  of 
the  Connecticut  River,  in  1635.  The 
Narragan.sett  River  being  the  eastern 
line  of  the  tract  patented  to  Lord  Say 
and  Seal  and  Lord  Brook  et  al.  The 
nearest  river  on  the  east,  outside  of 
this  tract,  was  the  Mystic  River. 

It  would  seem  that  Governor  Win- 
throp purchased  the  tract  from  the 
Patchoag  Indians  in  1666  for  the  pur- 
pose of  duplicating  his  enterprise  of 
1635,  by  starting  a  colony  on  the  south 
side  of  Long  Island,  in  a  neighborhood 
which  resembled  the  site  of  his  New 
England  -settlement.  To  make  the  re- 
semblance still  more  real  he  called  the 
waterway  Connecticut  or  Connttquot, 
and  the  settlement  itself  Brook  Haven. 
The  tract  of  land  he  named  Sayfield  on 
the  west  and  Brookfleld  on  the  east. 
The  sandbar  across  the  Great  South 
Bay  "Seal  Island,"  and  the  creek  on 
the  east,  outside  of  his  tract  he  called 
Mystic  River. 

Brook  Haven  and  Brookfleld  remind 
of  Lord  Brook.  Sayfield  and  Seal  Island 
of  Lord  Say  and  Seal.  The  latter  had 
in  1660  become  a  leading  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Colonies,  which  was  cre- 
ated for  the  purpose  of  receiving,  hear- 
ing, examining  and  deliberating  upon 
any  petition,  memorial  or  other  papers 
presented  by  any  persons,  respecting 
the  plantations  in  America,  and  to  re- 
port these  proceedings  to  the  council 
from  time  to  time. 

There  is  a  village  of  the  name  of 
Sayville,  just  outside  the  western  town 
limit,  now  within  the  town  of  Islip.  We 
are  told  that  the  village  was  named 
after  Sevilla,  a  city  in  .Spain,  and  that 
the  name  Sayville  came  into  use 
through  an  error  of  the  secretary  of 
the  meeting,  at  which  the  name  was 
adopted.  There  is  a  probability,  how- 
ever, that  Sayville  is  the  modern  form 
of  Sayfield,  now  applied  to  a  distinct 
settlement.  Seal  Island,  we  are  told, 
was  the  name  given  by  the  Indians  to 
Fire  Island  Beach  on  account  of  seals 
having  selected  the  spot  for  their  fa- 
vorite place.  The  Mystic  River  we 
know  as  Mastic  or  Forge  River,  in 
course  of  time  the  name  altered  into 
Mastic,  may  have  been  applied  to  the 
neck  on  which  the  L^nkechaug  had  a 
village.  The  Brook  Haven  settlement 
was  near  the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  about  the  present  South  Haven. 
The  house  erected  by  Davton  stood  on 
Dayton's  Neck,  about  present  Brook- 
haven  village  and  was  occupied  by 
men  engaged  in  the  making  of  tar. 

Setauket  Village,  the  Sichteyhackv 
Indian  village  of  the  Dutch  records,  is 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  harbor, 
on  the  cliffs,  overlooking  Port  Jef- 
ferson, in  the  hollow.  The  old  ceme- 
tery divides  it  into  East  and  West  Se- 
tauket. In  the  early  days  a  structure 
was  erected  in  the  village,  which  served 
as  Town  Hall  and  church.  The  first 
Episcopalian  Church  on  Long  Island 
was  erected  here  in  1730,  having  been 
organized  five  years  prior;  it  was 
named,  when  built,  Christ  Church,  but 
when  Queen  Caroline,  the  wife  of 
George  II,  donated  a  silver  Communion 
service  to  the  church,  its  name  changed 
to  Caroline  Church;  tradition  has  It 
that  the  edifice,  which  is  still  standing, 
was  used  as    barracks  by  the  Hessians. 

The  site  of  the  village  of  Port  Jef- 
ferson was  called  by  the  Indians  Sou- 


wassett;  the  first  settlers  named  it 
Drowned  Meadow;  the  present  name 
was  adopted  about  seventy  years  ago. 
The  wooded  peninsula,  forming  the 
^astern  shore  of  the  village,  was  called 
by  the  Puritans  "Mount  Misery"; 
the  place  now  occupied  by  Cedar  Hill 
Cemetery  was  named  by  the  Indians 
Cumsewogue. 

The  Roe  House,  built  in  the  first 
quarter  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
forms  now  a  part  of  the  Townsend 
House.  A  grist  mill  was  erected  in  Se- 
tauket Village  in  1690.  which  was  in 
use  for  about  eighty  years;  before  the 
mill  was  built,  the  farmers  sent  their 
grain  to  Connecticut  to  have  it  made 
into  flour.  Dyker's  Neck  or  Poquot, 
divides  the  harbors  of  Setauket  and 
Port  Jefferson.  At  Port  .leflferson  the 
shipbuilding  industry  was  started  in 
1797,  prior  to  'hat  the  village  had  but 
flve  houses. 

The  Indian  name  of  Stony  Brook,  on 
Smithtown  Bay,  was  Wopowog.  Im- 
mense quantities  of  shells  were  found 
here.  A  Methodist  church  was  erected 
at  this  place  in  1817.  Mount  Sinai  was 
formerly  known  as  Old  Man's;  the  In- 
dian name  was  Xonowantuck.  A  Con- 
gregational church  was  erected  here  in 
1720,  which  was  rebuilt  in  1805.  Millers 
Place  was  settled  by  Andrew  Miller, 
about  1659.  The  oldest  part  of  the 
Miller  homestead  was  built  by  his 
grandson,  William,  in  1700.  William's 
son  built  the  second  section,  and  his 
grandson  the  third,  in  1816.  At  Wading 
River  are  many  shellheaps.  Eight 
families  settled  here  in  1671. 

Corum.  or  Coram,  is  a  very  old  set- 
tlement. A  Baptist  church  was  built 
here  in  1747.  In  this  neighborhood  are 
some  of  the  highest  hills  in  the  county. 
Yaphank  was  called  at  one  time  Mill- 
ville.  and  later  Brookfleld.  Its  present 
name  is  derived  from  a  creek  and  neck 
of  land  at  South  Haven.  The  first  set- 
tlement of  the  place  dates  back  over  a 
century.    There  is  here  an  old  sawmill. 

Moriches  still  retains  the  Indian  name 
of  the  section.  At  Centre  Moriches  the 
large  Hotel  Brooklyn  was  destroyed  by 
fire  a  few  years  ago.  Mastic  is  the 
name  of  a  large  tract;  parts  of  it  were 
know  as  Sabonock,  Necommack,  Coos- 
putus,  Paterquos.  Uncohoug  and  Mat- 
temav.  At  Mastic  Neck,  a  short  dis- 
tance from  Mastic  Station,  is  the  reser- 
vation of  the  Poosepatuek.  The  tract 
between  the  Islip  line  and  Heliport  was 
purchased  from  the  Indians  by  Gov- 
ernor Winthrop,  in  1666. 

Little  Neck,  now  known  as  Strong's 
Neck,  by  the  Indians  called  Minasser- 
oke,  on  the  north  shore,  was  purchased 
bv  Colonel  William  Smith,  in  1686. 
Along  the  south  shore  Smith  acquired, 
in  1691.  the  large  tract  of  land  between 
,  the  former  East  Connetquot  River  — 
I  the  present  Carman's  River  —  and  the 
Southampton  line.  These  purchases 
were  confirmed  under  the  title  of 
"Manor  of  St.  George."  Manorville,  or 
Manor,  received  its  name  from  being 
included  in  this  patent  as  a  then  al- 
ready existing  settlement.  The  village 
has  an  old,  interesting  church.  Colonel 
William,  called  Tangier  Smith,  built 
the  St.  George  manor  house,  on  Smith's 
Point,  on  Great  South  Bay.  A  third 
structure  was  erected  in  1810;  the  fam- 
ily burial  place  is  close  by.  Near 
Smith's  Point  the  British  erected  a 
stronglv  fortified  fort,  which  they 
named  "St.  George."  This  fort  was 
surprised  and  taken  by  a  party  of 
eighty  Americans  in  1780.  They  crossed 
the  Long  Island  Sound  from  Connecti- 
cut, landing  at  Old  Man's  Harbor. 
They  marched  to  Corum,  where  they 
destroyed  300  tons  of  hay;  then  to  Fort 
St.  George,  which  was  captured  with- 
out any  loss  on  the  side  of  the  Ameri- 
cans. Over  fifty  of  the  enemy  were 
made  prisoners,  and  a  large  amount  of 
property  was  destroyed.  Near  the  fort 
is    the    house    where    William    Floyd 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENF. 


37 


Smith,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence,  resided.  At 
Fire  Place,  or  Southaven,  formerly 
called  "The  Mills,"  on  account  of  grist 
and  sawmiliir  siiuated  there,  and  eigh'' 
miles  west  of  Moriches,  a  church  was 
organized  in  1767. 
Bellport,   on   Occombamack   Neck,   is 


OLD  FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 
SOUTHOLD. 


three  miles  west  of  Fire  Place.  The 
Bell  House,  built  by  Captain  Bell  about 
seventy-flve  years  ago,  is  now  known 
as  Mallard  Inn.  Patchogue  is  named 
after  the  tribe  which  had  its  principal 
village  here.  Besides  this  one  thoy  had 
others  at  Fire  Place,  Mastic  and 
Moriches,  the  tribe  extending  then 
from  Patchogue  to  Kastport,  along 
the  coast.  A  few  mixed  bloods 
are  still  living  on  the  reserva- 
tion of  SO  acres  on  the  Forge  River, 
near  Mastic.  This  reservation  was 
ceded  by  the  lord  of  St.  George's 
Manor,  Colonel  William  Smith,  to  their 
sachem,  Toliaccus.  The  survivors, 
known  as  Poosepatuck,  have  no  knowl- 
edge of  the  language  nor  the  customs 
of  their  ancestors.  Elizabeth  Joe,  their 
woman  sachem  and  last  chief,  died  in 
1832.  In  1890  they  numbered  ten  fami- 
lies. They  are  governed  by  three 
trustees. 

A  Congregational  church  was  built  in 
Patchogue  in  1767;  a  second  building 
was  erected  in  1822.  Among  the  land- 
marks  are    Terry's     old     gristmill,    the 


Old  Fields  Point,  on  the  north  shore, 
was  called  by  the  Indians  Cometico;  a 
lighthouse  was  built  here  in  1823. 

Wampmissic  was  the  name  given  to 
a  large  tract  of  swamp  land  in  this 
town.  There  were  wigwams  and  shell- 
heaps  from  this  town  westward,  neai 
the  shore. 

In  1810  the  population  of  the  town 
Was  4.176.  including  126  slaves.  The 
taxable  property  was  valued  at  $767,740. 


TOWN  OF  SOUTHOLD. 

Until  1730  Shelter  Island  was  united 
with  Southold,  but  in  that  year  it  was 
set  off  as  a  distinct  township.  River- 
head  was  taken  off  In  1792.  The  pres- 
ent town  of  Southold  includes  Fishers 
Island,  Plum  Island,  Robins  Island  and 
the  Gull  Islands.  The  territory  east  of 
Cutchogue  was  called  by  the  Indians  j 
Yennecock,  and  by  the  English  North- 
fleet.  The  land  was  purchased  from  the 
Corchaug  tribe  in  1640  by  English  set- 
tlers from  New  Haven,  under  the  lead- 
ership of  the  Rev.  John  Youngs.  The 
town  put  itself  under  the  jurisdictioji 
of  New  Haven  in  1648,  and  later,  'n 
1674.  of  New  York.  Southold  was  orig- 
inally an  independent  plantation,  the 
three  towns  on  the  east  end  of  the 
island  were  styled  the  Three  Planta- 
tions.        The    Presbyterian    Church    of 


1,'Homniedieu  house.  The  Horton 
house  was  erected  by  Barnabas  Hor- 
ton, one  of  the  first  settlers.  There  is 
an  Indian  burial  ground  with  pottery 
lialf  a  mile  east  of  the  village.  Lodge 
sites  are  on  the  opposite  shore  .south- 
ward. A  lighthouse  was  erected  on 
Horton's  Point. 
The  Corchaug  tribe  had  a  village  at 


MILL  ON  MATTITUCK  CREEK.  BUILT  BY 
.     RICHARD  COX.  1820. 


Southold  Village  was  organized  by  the 
Rev.  John  Youngs.  An  edifice  was 
erected  in  1642.  which  was  used  as  such 
until  1684,  when  it  was  converted  into 
a  county  jail,  serving  the  purpose  until 
1725,  when  the  court  house  and  jail 
were    built     at     Riverhead.       A     new 


HORTON  HOUSE,  SOUTHOLD. 


Case  homestead  and  the  Roe  Hotel. 
Blue  Point  is  situated  on  a  neck  of 
land  southwest  of  Patchogue.  The 
creek  west  of  this  point  is  called  Man- 
owtasquott.  Near  Blue  Point,  on  the 
Merrick  Road,  is  "Ye  Anchorage  Inn." 


church  was  erected  in  1684  and  a  third 
structure  in  1813.  The  churchyard  wa^ 
established  in  the  earliest  days  of  the 
settlement.  The  son  of  the  Rev.  John 
Youngs  built  the  Youngs  house  here, 
which  is  still  standing.  Close  by  is  tho 


CHAMPLAIN  HOUSE,  ORIENT. 


Cutchogue.  South  of  this  place,  on  the 
east  side  of  Fort  Neck,  on  Peconic 
Bay,  was  a  fort.  The  lines  of  earth  are 
distinct  and  inclose  one-half  to  three- 
fourths  of  an  acre.  Lodge  sites  are 
near  the  shore,  east  of  Cutchogue.  A 
church  was  erected  in  the  village  m 
1732,    which   was   repaired   in   1838. 

The  territory,  including  the  present 
town  of  Riverhead,  was  purchased  from 
the  Corchaugs  in  1649.  Mattituck  vil- 
lage is  two  miles  west  of  Cutchogue. 
The  old  mill  here  was  erected  in  1820 
by  Richard  Cox  on  the  Mattituck 
Creek.  The  Presbyterian  Church  was 
organized  in  1715  and  an  edifice  was 
erected.  A  second  structure  on  the 
same  site  was  built  in  1830. 

Greenport  Village  was  commenced  in 
1827.  The  site  of  the  village  was  for- 
merly the  Webb  farm,  which  was  laid 
,,ut  in  building  lots  in  1820.  Seventy 
vears  ago  the  place  was  known  as 
Sterling.  The  house  which  gave  shel- 
ter to  Washington  one  night  is  still 
standing,  now  within  the  village  limits. 
The  Clarke  House  on  Main  street  was 
opened  as  a  hotel  in  1831.  It  was 
once  the  home  and  hostelry  of  Sheriff 
Clarke,  a  magnate  of  the  county.  An- 
other old  hotel  is  the  Booth  House.  Long 
Beach  Lighthouse  marks  the  entrance 
to  Greenport  harlior.  Lodge  sites  and 
shellhcaps  are  along  the  south  shore 
of  the  point,  east  of  Greenport.  East 
Marion  was  formerly  known  as  Rocky 
Point.  ,  , 

Orient,  formerly  Oyster  Ponds,  and 
by  the  Indians  called  Poquatuck,  is  a 


MULFORD  HOUSE,  ORIENT. 


peninsula,  five  miles  long,  and  one  raile 
broad,  containing  about  3,000  acres. 
Peter  Hallock  purchased  the  land  from 
the  Indians  in  1646.  Orient  Village  is 
situated  on  the  southwestern  part  of 
the  peninsula.  The  settlement  of  this 
territory  was  started  in  1647.  The 
Champlain  House  on  lower  Main  street 
was  built  in  1735,  the  Mulford  House 
in  1666.  A  lighthouse  was  erected  on 
Orient  Point.  A  little  northwest  of  Orient 


38 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


and  between  two  considerable  eleva- 
tions near  the  Sound  is  a  burial  place, 
established  by  the  original  settlers  and 
filled  with  graves  almost  to  the  very 
summit  of  the  hills,  many  inscriptions 
dating  from  the  seventeenth  century. 
Upon  the  eastern  part  of  Oyster  Ponds 
e.  fort  was  erected  during  the  Revolu- 
tion by  a  party  of  American  soldiers, 
under  the  command  of  Colonel  Living- 
ston, for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the 
landing  of  British  troops  upon  this 
part  of  the  island. 

Nearly  a  mile  easterly  of  Oyster 
Point,  or  Oyster  Ponds  Point,  is  Plum 
Island.  This  island  probably  received 
its  name  from  a  rock  which  lay  upon 
it,  in  a  level  field.  The  rock  was  quite 
regular  in  form,  rather  roundish  in 
shape  and  about  ten  feet  in  diameter. 
It  stood  upon  the  very  edge  of  another 
larger  rock,  resting  upon  a  very  small 
foundation,  and  to  all  appearances  it 
would  have  required  but  a  slight  effort 
to  throw  it  off  its  balance.  The  rock 
remained  in  its  peculiar  position  until 
1814,  when  it  was  dislodged  by  a  few 
of  Commodore  Hardy's  sailors.  The 
island  was  purchased  from  the  Cor- 
chaug,  who  called  it  Manittuwond,  by 
Samuel  Wyllys  of  Hartford,  in  1659— 
Thompson  says  1667 — and  a  patent  for 
It  was  granted  by  Governor  Andros  in 
1675.  It  is  about  three  miles  in  length 
and  contains  800  acres.  A  lighthouse 
was  erected  in  1827  on  its  eastern  end, 
standing  upon  a  hill.  It  is  34  feet  in 
height.  The  island  appears  on  Van  der 
Donck's  map,  1656,  as  Pruym  Eyland. 
Plum  Gut  is  called  in  a  Dutch  docu- 


ern  end  as  Race  Point.  Near  the 
western  end  is  a  sand  bluff,  called 
Mount  Prospect.  John  Winthrop,  the 
later  Governor  of  Connecticut,  pur- 
chased the  island  from  the  Indians  in 
1644.  Fisher's  Island  was  made  a 
township  by  patent  from  Governor 
Nicolls  in  1668.  For  a  time  it  was 
claimed  by  Connecticut.  The  first 
lighthouse  was  built  in  1825,  the  second 
in  1858.     This  is  150  feet  in  height. 

The  Dumplings  are  a  group  of  rocks 
in  Fishers'  Island  Sound.  A  lighthouse 
was  erected  in  1848  on  the  North 
Dumpling;  it  is  25  feet  in  height;  the 
light  is  70  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
water. 

Robins  Island,  called  by  the  Indians 
.■Vnchannock,  contains  about  450  acres. 
It  was  sold  by  Farrett  to  Robert  Car- 
mand,  after  whom  it  was  probably 
named,  viz.,  Robert's  or  Rob's  Island. 
Carmand  sold  the  island  to  Stephen 
Goodyear. 

Between  Orient  Point  and  Plum  Is- 
land is  Plum  Gut.  Between  Plum  Is- 
land and  Fishers'  Island  are  Great 
Gull  Island  and  Little  Gull  Island  and 
"The  Race."  This  part  of  the  entranc 
of  the  sound  was  named  The  Race  on 
account  of  the  swiftness  of  the  cur- 
rent. Great  Gull  Island  contains  about 
fifteen  acres  of  land.  Little  Gull  Island 
contains  one  acre  of  land.  A  lighthouse 
was  erected  on  the  last  mentioned  is- 
land in  1806,  56  feet  in  height.  The  Gull 
Islands  are  solid  rock.  The  name  was 
probably  derived  from  the  Dutch  word 
gulletje,  i.  e.,  a  little  codfish,  or  "a  cod- 


lands  on  Long  Island,  he  was  at  lib- 
erty to  select  for  his  own  use  12,000 
acres.  He  decided  to  take  Shelter  Is- 
land and  Robins  Island,  in  Peconic 
Bay,  both  of  which  came  in  1641  into 
the  possession  of  Stephen  Goodyear  of 
New  Haven.  Goodyear  conveyed  the  is- 
lands to  Thomas  Middleton,  Thomas 
Rouse,  Constant  Sylvester  and  Na- 
thaniel Sylvester  for  16  hundredweights 
of  good  merchantable  Muscovado  sugar. 

Nathaniel  Sylvester  married  and  set- 
tled on  Shelter  Island  in  1653,  which 
was  then  inhabited  by  the  Manhasset 
tribe.  Shelter  Island  was  incorporated 
by  patent,  issued  to  Constant  and  Na- 
thaniel Sylvester  in  1666  by  Governor 
Nicolls;  its  government  was  united 
with  that  of  Southold  until  1730,  when 
the  island  was  organized  as  a  distinct 
township.  In  1673  the  Dutch  Governor 
Colve,  after  the  reconquest  of  the  col- 
ony, proclaimed  Middleton  and  Con- 
stant Sylvester  "public  enemies  of  Hol- 
land" and  sold  their  interests  in  the 
Island;  they  were  bought  by  Nathaniel 
Sylvester  and  the  purchase  money  was 
collected  by  an  armed  force.  Brlnley 
Sylvester  erected  in  1737  a  new  manor 
house  on  the  site  of  the  old  homestead; 
it  is  still  standing  and  known  as  the 
Sylvester  house.  A  church  was  erected 
in  1733;  a  new  structure  on  the  same 
site  was  built   in   1817. 

During  the  Revoluti^in  the  Island  was 
stripped  of  timber  for  the  use  of  the 
British  army  and  navy,  but  it  partly 
recovered  from  this  injury.  Shelter  Is- 
land was  at  one  time  known  as  Far- 


mWOTMffi? 


^Ha  SOUTH  VIEW  OF  CENTBAX,  PART  OF  RIVERHEAD,  1840. 


ment  Pluym  Gate.  Pruym  is  the  Dutc'n 
word  for  plum,  and  pluym  is  the  Dutch 
word  for  plume  or  feather.  Thus  it 
would  seem  that  the  Dutch  did  not 
know  the  origin  of  the  name  of  the 
island.  Plum  Island  was  at  one  time 
known  as  Isle  of  Patmos. 

Fishers  Island  was  called  by  the 
Indian.s  Munnawtawkit.  Captain  Ad- 
riaen  Block,  who  visited  the  island  in 
1614  named  it  Visschers'  Bylandt,  be- 
cause the  Indians,  who  came  to  this 
neighborhood  at  certain  seasons  for  the 
purpose  of  fishing  menhaden,  made  it 
their  headquarters.  Its  name  is  a 
translation  of  the  Indian  name.  The 
island  was  also  called  Long  Island, 
from  its  shape.  On  Lucini's  map  it 
appears  as  Isola  Langs.  Isola  is  the 
Italian  word  for  Island,  and  Lange  is 
a  Dutch  word,  meaning  the  long;  thus 
■we  have  Long  Island.  Fishers  Island 
is  nearly  nine  miles  in  length  and  has 
a  medial  width  of  one  mile  and  con- 
tains 4,000  acres.  It  is  four  miles  dis- 
tant from  Stonington  and  nine  miles 
from  New  London.  The  eastern  end  is 
known  as  Passquesset,  and  the  west- 


ling."  The  codlings  probably  selected 
the  waters  around  these  islands  for 
their  favorite  playground. 

Bookum   is   a   small     but   old   settle- 
ment near  the  south  shore.  I 

In  1810  the  population  of  the  present  | 
town   of   Southold   was   2,613,   including 
30    slaves;    the    taxable    property    was 
valued  at  $401,300. 


TOWN  OF  SHELTER  ISLAND. 

This  town  comprehends  the  island  of 
that  name  in  Gardiner's  Bay,  six  miles 
in  length  and  four  miles  in  breadth, 
and  containing  8,000  acres  of  land.  Its 
Indian  name  was  "Manhan-sacka-aha- 
quatu-wamock."  Manhanset  was  an- 
other name  applied  to  it  by  the  abo- 
rigines. There  were  at  least  four  In- 
dian villages  on  the  island;  also  a  fort, 
shell  mounds  now  indicating  its  site. 
Shelter  Island  was  purchased  from  the 
Indians  by  James  Farrett  in  1637;  in 
the  power  of  attorney  executed  by  Wil- 
liam Alexander,  Earl  of  Sterling,  to 
Farrett,  authorizing  him  to  dispose  of 


rett's  Island,  and  afterward  as  Sylves- 
ter's Island.  Cedar  Island  lies  about 
a  mile  southeast  of  Shelter  Island;  Lit- 
tle Pern's  Island  and  Great  Ram's  Is- 
land are  part  of  Shelter  Island;  this 
portion  probably  received  its  name 
from  a  point  of  land  upon  it,  still 
known  as  Ram's  Head. 

In  1810  there  were  fifty  houses  on 
Shelter  Island,  a  Presbyterian  meeting 
house  and  a  schoolhouse;  the  popula- 
tion of  the  town  was  329,  including 
eight  slaves;  the  taxable  property  was 
valued  at  $80,240. 


TOWN  OF  RIVERHEAD. 

This  town  was  separated  from  South- 
old  in  1792.  In  1690  a  settlement  was 
started  at  Rlverhead  village  by  John 
Griffin  and  others,  who  erected  a  grist- 
mill at  the  head  of  Peconic  River,  or 
creek,  a  small  stream  about  two  miles 
from  Peconic  Bay.  Hence  the  name 
Rlverhead.  Among  the  landmarks  are 
a  Griffin  house,  the  old  Peconic  Mills, 
the  Howell  homestead,  the  eastern  por- 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


39 


tlon  of  which  was  built  by  Silas  Howell, 
one  of  the  first   settlers. 

The  Suffolk  County  Courthouse  and 
jail,  under  one  roof,  were  erected  here 
in  1725  at  the  head  of  the  bay;  in  1804 
the  hamlet  contained  ten  or  twelve 
houses  and  the  courthouse. 

At  Bating  Hollow,  settlement  was 
commenced  about  1719;  the  stream 
Wading  River,  or  Wading  Brook,  was 
called  by  the  Indians  Pauquacumsuck. 
Jamesport  is  situated  on  Great  Peconlc 
Bay;  the  point  of  land  and  the  creek 
near  by  are  known  as  Miamogue,  or 
Miamegg. 

In  1810  the  population  of  the  town 
■nas  1,711,  including  22  slaves;  the  tax- 
able property  was  valued  at  $233,415. 


TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON. 

Captain  How  and  others,  who  had 
made  an  attempt  to  settle  on  Oyster 
Bay  and  had  been  driven  from  there  by 
the  Dutch  Governor,  came,  in  looking 
for  another  site  for  a  settlement  upon 
Long  Island,  to  a  place  on  the  eastern 
end,  which,  as  our  historians  claim, 
was  called  by  the  Indians  Agawam. 
With  them  came  more  people,  alto- 
gether about  forty  families,  mostly 
from  Lynn,  Massachusetts.  They  land- 
ed at  North  Sea  in  Peconic  Bay  in 
1640  and  settled  three  miles  southward 
in  the  woods.  In  1648  they  decided 
upon  a  more  permanent  abode.  The 
result  was  the  laying  out  of  Main 
street,  Southampton  Village,  a  half 
mile  south  of  the  first  settlement. 

The  first  settlers  of  this  town  came 
from  the  New  England  colonies,  in- 
tending to  start  a  plantation  on  Long 
Island:  the  name  appears  on  Van  der 
Donck's  map  as  "Hampton."  Many 
places  in  England  were  formerly  called 
Hamtun  and  later  Hampton.  Orig- 
inally such  places  were  named  merely 
"Ham,"  very  insignificant  ones  "hani- 
iet,'  but  if  they  increased  in  size  the 
term  'ton"  was  affixed  to  "ham."  Ham 
means  "an  abode,"  it  is  used  for  a 
single  estate  or  a  village;  "ton"  means 
"town,"  Hamton  here  is  identical  with 
the  word  plantation,  as  it  was  the  in- 
tent of  the  settlers  to  form  "a  plan- 
tation." Southampton  is  the  South 
Plantation,  or  "the  plantation  in  the 
South,"  away  from  the  old  home  and 
from  civilization. 

Easthampton  was  originally  named 
Maidstone,  but  soon  the  name  was 
changed  to  Easthampton;  i.  e.,  the 
eastern  plantation,  from  its  relative  sit- 
uation  to  the   older  plantation. 

On  Van  der  Donck's  map,  1656,  ap- 
pears the  name  "Cromme  Gouwe."  In 
Dankers  &  Sluyter'.s  Journal,  1679-80, 
we  read  as  follows: 

"The  end  of  Long  Island,  which  is 
144  miles  long,  runs  off  low  and  sandy. 
Continuing  east  you  pass  Plum  Island, 
which  is  about  4  miles  in  length.  Be- 
hind the  bay  of  Long  Island  called  the 
Cromn-.e  Gouwe  (Crooked  Bay),  there 
are  several  small  islands,  Gardiner's 
Island  and  others."  A  footnote  says 
"Peconic  Bay  is  meant." 

The  several  bays  are  not  distinctly 
marked  on  Van  der  Donck's  map. 
Cromme  Gouwe  very  likely  should 
read  Comme  Gouwe.  and  this  name 
may  have  embraced  the  entire  territory 
of  the  "Three  Plantations."  A  Dutch 
dictionary  of  170S.  in  the  possession  of 
the  writer,  gives  the  definition  of  the 
word  "Kom"  as  follows,  "an  inclosed 
place,  where  ships  may  lye  safely."  A 
modern  dictionary  gives,  "basin"  for 
kom,  and  district  or  province  for  goiiw. 
Thus  Comme  Gouwe  or  Komme  Gouwe 
would  denote,  "Basin  District."  The 
Bay  of  Long  Island  of  the  Journal  of 
1679-80  is  Peconic  Bay  of  today,  and 
Shelter  Island  protects  the  entrance 
of  the  basin.  Vessels  coming  from  the 
open  sea  during  a  storm  were  in  a 
safe  harbor  after  they  had  reached 
Shelter  Island,  and  from  this  fact  the 


name  Shelter  Island  may  have  origi- 
nated. 

Orif;inally  it  was  an  independent 
plantation.  In  1644  the  town  was  re- 
ceived within  the  jurisdiction  of  Connec- 
ticut and  until  1664  was  represented  in 
General  Court  at  Hartford.  Upon  the 
reconquest  of  the  colony  by  the  Dutch 
in  1673  the  town  again  sought  a  union 
with  Connecticut;  the  request  was 
granted,  and  c^outhampton.  Easthamp- 
ton and  Southold  were  erected  into  a 
county.  This  condition,  however,  was 
of  a   very  brief  duration. 

A  small,  temporary  church  edifice 
was  erected  in  the  original  settlement 
in  1641;  a  second  building,  in  the  vil- 
lage, in  1651,  a  third  one  in  1707,  and 
a  fourth  one  in  1843;  the  last  one  was 
furnished  with  'a  bell  and  clock,  while 
formerly    a    drum    had    been    employed 


SAYRE    HOUSE,    SOUTHAMPTON. 
Recently   Condemned. 


to  assemble  the  people  to  worship.  An 
academy  was  built  near  the  church  in 
1^31,  the  Sayre  House  on  the  main 
street  is  said  to  have  been  built  in  1648. 
the  Halsey  house  was  erected  in  1735, 
the  Pelletreau  house  was  the  headquar- 
ters of  Lord  Erskine  in  1779;  the  ruins 
of  three  forts,  erected  by  him,  are 
near  by.  St.  Andrew's-on-the-Dunes, 
the  Episcopal  church  near  the  ocean 
surf  and  at  the  extreme  end  of  Silver 
Lake,  was  formerly  a  government  lite 
saving  station. 

Along  the  road  from  Southampton 
village,  parallel  with  the  ocean,  to- 
ward the  east,  is  an  old  graveyard 
with  tombstones  dating  'way  back  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  which  mark 
the  resting  places  of  people  who  once 
dwelt  in  Cobb  and  the  country  around. 
Cobb  has  today  a  population  of  thirty 
people  and  consists  of  a  few  farm- 
houses, all  about  a  century  old.  This 
district  was  formerly  called  Cob's 
Pound.  „  ... 

Water  Mill,  on  Mecox  Bay,  and  three 
miles  from  Southampton,  received  its 
name  from  the  oldest  mill  on  Long  Is- 
land Edward  Howell  erected  in  1644 
a  mill  on  the  head  of  Mill  Creek,  and 
the  old  mill  in  the  center  of  the  present 
village,  carefully  preserved  as  a  relic, 
is  most  likely  a  structure,  erected  in 
later  days,  on  the  original  site.  At 
Bridgehampton  the  land  was  called  by 
the  Indians  Saggaponock  and  Mecocks 
In  1640,  when  the  settlement  at  North 
Sea  was  begun,  Thomas  Topping  set- 
tied  here.  Bridgehampton  village  was 
sometimes  called  Bull  Head;  in  1689 
BrMgehampton  and  Mecoxe  were  made 
a  distinct  parish,  when  the  actual  set- 
tlement of  the  section  was  started  A 
church  was  erected  at  Sagg  Pond  in 
1690,  a  new  edifice  was  built  in  1737 
a  mile  north  of  the  old  site,  and  a  third 

""rhe  Shinnecock  or  Southampton  Bay 
iB  10  miles  long  and  3  to  4  miles  wide; 
the  Shinnecock  lighthouse  is  standing 
at  Ponquogue  Neck.  The  tract  between 
Canoe  Place  and  Shinnecock  Creek  was 
conveyed  to  the  trustees  of  the  town 
by  Pompumo,  Chico  and  Maumanum, 
the  sachems  of  the  Shinnecock  tribe,  on 
August  16,  1703,  and  on  the  same  day 
the  trustees  leased  the  lands  back  to 
the  Indians  for  the  term  of  1,000  years 
at  an  annual  rent  of  one  ear  of  corn. 
This   land,    known    as    the    Shinnecock 


Reservation  in  the  Shinnecock  Hills,  was 
used  as  such  until  1859,  when  the  hilla 
were  sold  to  a  corporation,  and  the 
remnant  of  the  tribe  took  vip  their 
abode  on  Shinnecock  Neck,  east  of  the 
settlement  at  the  Shinnecock  Hills. 
There  were  scattered  shell  heaps  along 
the  shore,  an  Indian  fort  and  a  ceme- 
tery between  Southampton  and  the 
Shinnecock  Hills;  west  of  these  are  nu- 
merous lodge  sites  for  some  miles  along 
the  shore,  and  also  on  two  small  coves 
on  the  south  shore  of  Peconic  Bay. 

At  Canoe  Place  the  Peconic  Bay  and 
Shinnecock  Bay  are  connected  by  a 
short  canal  built  by  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment. Niamuck  and  Merosuck  were 
names  applied  to  the  isthmus  between 
the  bays;  the  Indians  carried  their 
canoes  here  from  the  one  bay  to  the 
other.  The  Indians  had  a  tradition  that 
a  canal  had  been  built  here  once  be- 
fore by  their  ancestors,  who  construct- 
ed a  small  ditch  between  the  bays  un- 
der the  direction  of  Mongotucksee,  or 
Longknife,  then  the  greatest  chief  of 
the  Sinnecox  federation.  Ye  Olde 
Canoe  Place  Inn  is  said  to  have  been 
built  in  1735  by  Jeremiah  Culver;  it  was 
frequented  by  British  soldiers  in  the 
days  of  the  Revolutionary  War.  The 
Hercules  figure  of  the  ship  Ohio,  which 
was  wrecked  on  the  coast  in  this  re- 
gion, is  set  up  in  the  grounds  surround- 
ing the  inn.  Near  the  inn  are  the  ruins 
of  an  old  British  fort;  also  a  monu- 
ment erected  in  the  early  part  of  the 
last  century  to  the  memory  of  the  Rev. 
Paul  Cuffee.  the  last  of  the  Indian 
preachers;  the  little  church  in  which 
he  used  to  preach  is  not  far  distant. 
At  Good  Ground  some  of  the  boarding 
houses  face  on  Peconic  Bay  and  others 
on  Shinnecock  Bay;  Good  Ground  is 
the  English  form  of  he  Indian  name 
of  the  locality;  the  railroad  station  is 
called  Bay  Head. 

Quogue,  situated  between  QuantucK 
Bay  and  Shinnecock  Bay,  is  one  of 
the"  oldest  places  in  the  town.  West- 
hampton  village  was  settled  In  the  lat- 
ter part  of  the  seventeenth  century;  a 
church  was  built  about  1765,  on  a  point 
called  Beaver  Dam,  standing  in  the 
midst  of  a  pine  forest,  with  only  two 
or  three  houses  in  sight;  in  1831  it  was 
abandoned  and  another  edifice  was 
erected  at  the  head  of  Quantuck  Bay. 
The  settlement  at  Beaver  Dam  today 
consists  of  an  old  gristmill  and  a  few 
old  houses  around  it;  there  is  also  the 
graveyard,  where  the  first  settlers  of 
Westliampton  are  laid  at  rest.  The 
Ramsom  Jagger  farmhouse  is  standing 
on  a  large  estate.  Near  the  village 
Is  Onek  Point,  with  the  summer  hotel 
Onek  House:  the  old  Dix  farm  is  on 
the  ocean;  the  Howell  House  is  located 
on   Westhampton   Beach. 

The  Shinnecock  tribe  occupied  the 
south  coast  from  Seatuck  Cove  east- 
ward- manv  of  them  joined  the  Broth- 
erton  Indians  in  New  York  State.  On 
the  reservation,  before  mentioned, 
which  embraces  about  750  acres,  and  is 
situated  three  miles  west  of  Southamp- 
ton, remain  about  150  people.  The  In- 
dians have  intermarried  with  negroes 
until  now  their  aboriginal  character  is 
almost  obliterated:  they  have  lost  all 
the  old  customs,  and  but  few  words  of 
their  native  language  survive,  even  in 
the  memory  of  the  oldest  among  them^ 
although  it  was  more  or  les;;  in  us 
sixty  or  seventy  years  ago.  Nowedo- 
nah,'  brother  of  the  noted  Wyandanch, 
was  one  of  their  chiefs,  and  on  his 
death  his  sister  succeeded  him.  In  De- 
cember, 1876,  twenty-eight  Shinnecocks 
lost  their  lives  in  an  nttempt  to  sav« 
the  ship  Circassian,  which  was  strand- 
ed off  Eastham'-ton,  since  which  time 
a  number,  especially  the  younger 
people,  have  left  the  reservation  and 
became  scattered;  they  have  a  Presby- 
terian and  an  Adventist  church. 

Tn  1810  the  population  of  the  town  was 
3,899,  Including  61  .slaves:  the  taxable 
property  was  valued  at  $622,210. 


40 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


TOWN  OF  EASTHAMPTON. 

The  Indian  deed  of  the  town  bears 
the  date  of  1648,  and  the  marks  of  the 
four  chiefs:  Poggatacut  of  the  Manhas- 
set  tribe;  Wyandanch  of  the  Mianta- 
cutt  tribe,  Momoveta  of  the  Corchalci 
tribe,  and  Nowedonali  of  the  Shina- 
coclv  tribe.  Easthampton  is  the  most 
Eastern  town  on  Long  Island  and  in- 
cludes Gardiner's  Island,  which  was 
purchased  in  1639.  The  town  was  set- 
tled in  1649,  when  35  men,  mostly  from 
Lynn,  Massachusetts,  came  here,  they 
named  the  settlement  Maidstone.  It 
was  an  independent  plantation  until 
1657,  when  it  put  itself  under  the  ju- 
risdiction of  Connecticut.  However, 
the  rigors  of  the  ecclesiastical  court  of 
this  colony  caused  the  Long  Island  colo- 
nists to  secede  and  Easthampton  and 
Southold  proffered  allegiance  to  the 
Colony  of  New  York,  which  was  ac- 
cepted in  1674.  In  1687  the  population 
was  502  including  25  slaves;  in  1810  the 
population  was  1,484,  including  26  slaves; 
in  the  same  year  the  taxable  property 
was  valued  at  $365,600. 

In  Easthampton  village,  first  chur'ch 
services  were  held  in  a  public 
house;  a  church  edifice  was  erected 
in  1652,  which  was  repaired  and  en- 
larged in  1673,  and  again  in  1698;  a 
new  building  was  reared  in  1717,  which 
had  a  bell  and  clock;  this  was  remod- 
elled in  1S23.  The  first  settlers  estab- 
lished a  school  here,  and  in  1784  a  brick 
building  was  erected  in  the  center  of 
the  village,  and  the  institution,  the 
first  of  its  kind  on  the  island  was  in- 
corporated as  Clinton  Academy;  its 
funds  raised  by  subscription  among 
the  inhabitants,  amounted  then  to 
$2,500.  The  old  village  street  is  shaded 
by  glorious  old  elms;  among  the  land- 
marks are  the  Gardiner  Homestead, 
the  Tyler  Homestead,  the  hotel  known 
as  Osborne  House,  John  Howard 
Fayne's  boyhood  home;  the  parsonage, 
in  which  Lyman  Beecher  lived  when  he 
preached  in  the  old  church,  and  the 
old  windmill  near  the  village,  erected 
in  ISOO;  an  Indian  burying  ground  is 
in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  village. 
In  1810  there  were  SO  houses,  the  Pres- 
byterian meeting  house,  the  academy 
and  two  schoolhouses  within  the  vil- 
lage. 

Half  way  between  Easthampton  and 
Sag  Harbor  was  "The  Sachem's  Hole": 
on  this  spot  rested  Chief  Poggatacut's 
head,  when  his  body  was  set  down  on 
the  way  to  the  grave  in  1651;  the  hole 
was  1%  feet  wide  and  deep,  and  was 
kept  clear  by  the  Indians  for  nearly 
two  centuries,  viz.,  until  it  was  de- 
stroyed when  the  Easthampton  turn- 
pike road  was  built. 

Sag  Harbor  is  situated  on  Shelter 
Island  Sound;  about  1730,  a  few  fisher- 
cottages  were  erected  here.  Shortly 
after  the  Federal  Government  was  or- 
ganized. Sag  Harbor  was  made  a  port 
of  entry,  and  custom  house  officers 
were  appointed.  Henrv  P.  Deering  was 
made  Collector  of  the  Port  by  President 
Washington  in  1790.  In  1810  the  ton- 
nage of  the  harbor  was  about  5,000 
tons.  The  office  of  Collector  of  the  Port 
of  Sag  Harbor  was  abolished  in  1913 
and  the  custom  house  closed.  The  first 
church  edifice  was  erected  in  1768,  with 
a  board  covering  for  a  roof,  which  ad- 
mitted the  rain;  no  ceiling  or  plaster 
was  ever  put  in  it.  A.  new  church  was 
built  in  1817,  and  a  third  one  in  1843. 
a  little  distant  from  the  old  site  on 
the  block  now  bounded  bj'  Union  and 
Latham  streets.  In  ISIO  the  village 
contained  about  80  houses:  Oakland 
Cemetery,  on  South  and  Suffolk  streets, 
was  opened  in  1840  for  burial  purposes, 
and  was  then  situated  in  the  midst  of 
an  oak  forest.  A  large  Indian  village 
site  with  graves  is  at  Novae,  which  is 
regarded  as  a  suburb  of  Sag  Harbor. 
There  are  several  other  sites  of  Indian 
villages  in  this  neighborhood,  as  Hoyo- 
nock,   etc.;   at  Three   Mile  Harbor  the 


earth  is  white  with  shells,  which  were  Great  Pond  was  called  by  the  In- 
used  in  making  wampum.  Cedar  Island  dians  Quawnotiwock  and  covers  an  area 
lighthouse  is  standing  on  Cedar  Island    of  500  acres,  this  sheet  of  water  is  on 


at  the  entrance  to  the  port  of  Sag  Har- 
bor, and  was  built  in  1839. 

Gardiner's  Island,  or  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  contains  about  3,300  acres  of 
land;  northeast  to  northwest  it  is  l^i 
miles;  the  nearest  point  to  Long  Island 
proper  is  3  miles.  There  are  shellbanks 
on  the  west  side  of  the  island:  the 
first  settler  was  Lyon  Gardiner,  a  na- 


the  peninsula  Montauk,  a  tract  of  land 
of  about  9,000  acres,  which  was  con- 
veyed by  the  Indians  to  the  colonists 
in  1661.  There  was  an  Indian  fort  on 
Nominick  Hill,  near  Neapeague.  On 
a  hill  on  the  eastern  side  of  Konkhunga- 
nick  or  Fort  Pond  was  another  Indian 
tort,  which  was  still  standing  in  1661, 
and  its  outlines  were  visible  until  ob- 


JOHN   HOWARD   PAYNE'S   CHILDHOOD 
HOME.  EASTHAMPTON. 


tive  of  Scotland;  he  bought  the  island  literated  in  1898  by  Fort  Wikoff.  The 
from  the  Indians,  who  called  it  Man-  detention  camp,  established  at  the  be- 
ginning  of  the  war  with  Spain,  occu- 
pied a  portion  of  the  hill.  The  Indian 
fort  was  180  feet  square,  with  a  round 
tower  of  earth  or  stone  on  each  cor- 
ner. Fort  Pond  was  the  scene  of  the 
battle  between  the  Narragansett  and 
Montauk;  the  Lebanon  Cedar  or  "Flat 
Top  Tree"  is  supposed  to  have  been  a 
mute  witness  of  the  bloody  struggle;  a 
little  west  of  the  pond  is  the  old  Indian 
burial  ground.  CuUoden  Point,  on 
North  Neck,  helps  to  make  the  har- 
bor, the  point  is  named  after  the  Brit- 
ish frigate  Culloden,  which  sank  here. 
At  Montauk  Point,  the  extreme  end  of 
the  peninsula,  a  lighthouse,  100  feet 
high,  was  erected  of  stone  on  Turtle 
!  Hill  by  the  Federal  Government  in  1795 
at  an  expen.se  of  $25,000. 

Of  the  Montauk  Indians  living  here. 
King  David  Pharaoh  reigned  over  two 
families,  his  own  and  the  Fowlers;  he 
died  in  the  70s.  His  cousin  Stephen 
succeeded  him. 

STATISTICS. 

-Although  the  statistical  data  are  In- 
corporated in  the  sketches  of  the  sev- 
eral towns,  the  following  list  has  been 
prepared,  giving  the  population  of  the 
Long  Island  towns  and  counties  in 
their  relation  to  the  entire  Colony  of 
New  York;  also  other  matter  relating 
to  different  periods  in  the  existence  of 
the  towns.  Special  attention  has  been 
given  to  the  census,  etc..  of  1810,  to 
enable  the  reader  to  compare  present- 
day-slatistics  of  any  one  of  the  towns 
with  those  of  a  century  ago: 

POPULATION  OF  ITOWNS. 

Including 
Whites.  Slaves.  Indians. 


chonock;  they  had  a  tradition  that  an 
epidemic  had  depopulated  the  island 
some  time  prior  to  Gardiner's  arrival. 
Gardiner  received  a  grant  for  it  from 
James  Farrett;  Captain  Kidd  visited 
this  place  and  buried  some  treasures 
here,  which  were  taken  out  of  their  hid- 
ing place  by  a  commission  sent  by  Gov 
ernor  Bellamore  after  the  execution  of 
the  pirate  in  1699,  the  commi.ssion  gave 
a  receipt  to  John  Gardiner  for  the 
goods  found.  Ram's  Island  belongs  to 
Gardiner's  Island;  until  1788  Gardiner's 
Island  was  an  independent  plantation, 
but  was  now  annexed  to  the  town  of 
Easthampton,  Lyon  Gardiner  took 
possession  of  the  island  in  1639,  ten 
years  later,  when  Easthampton  vil- 
lage was  settled,  he  removed  to  it  and 
died  in  the  village  in  1683.  His  son, 
David,  about  that  time  mentions,  in  a 
petition  to  Governor  Dongan,  his  father 
as  the  first  Englishman  who  settled  in 
the  colony  of  New  York. 

Amagansett  is  a  very  old  settlement, 
three  miles  east  of  Easthampton;  in 
1810  the  village  contained  twenty 
houses  and  a  schoolhouse;  there  are 
here  some  interesting  old  mills  and  the 
Sea  View  House,  also  an  Indian  well 
southeast  of  the  village,  near  the  shore. 
Other  villages  in  this  town,  a  century 
ago,  were:  Wainscott,  Accobonuck  and 
Northwest,  each  having  about  fifteen 
houses  and  a  schoolhouse. 


1687.  Easthampton..   502  25 

1698.  Southampton..   973  235 

1698.  Southold S81  41 

1698.  Flushing 643  113 

1698.  Brooklyn 50?  65 

1698.  Bushwick 301  52 

1698.  New   Utrecht..  25r<  48 

1698.  Flatlands 256  40 

1698.  Gravesend 210  17 

1698.  Flatbush 476  71 


40 


POPULATION  OF    COUNTIES. 


-1698- 


Whites. 

New    York 4,237 

Kings    1,721 

Queens    3,366 

Suffolk   2,121 

Richmond     654 

Westchester    917 

Albany   1,453 

Orange  200 

Dutchess,  1 

y  1,228 
Ulster,                                J 


Negroes. 
700 
296 
199 
558 

73 
146 

23 

19 

136 


1703. 
Total. 
4,436 
1,915 
4.392 
3,346 

.504 
1,946 
2  273 

'268 

1,669 


-1723- 


Whites. 
5,886 
1.774 
6,068 
5,266 
1,251 
3,961 
5,693 
1,097 
1,040 

2,357 


Totals    15,897  2,170 

1737. 
Total. 

New   York 10,664 

Kings    2.348 

Queens   9.059 

Suffolk   7,923 

Richmond    1,889 

Westchester    6.745 

Albany   10.681 

Orange     2,840 

Dutchess    3.418 

nster   4,870 

Gloucester  

Cumberland   

Totals  60.437 


20,749  34,393 
1756- 


Whites. 

10,768 
1.862 
8,617 
9.245 
1,667 

11,919 

14.805 
4.446 

13,289 
6,605 


Slaves. 
2,272 

845 
2,169 
1,045 

465 
1,338 
2,619 

430 

859 
1,500 


83,223 


13,542 


Slaves 

1,362 

444 

1,123 

975 
255 
448 
808 
147 
43 

566 

6.171 

Whites. 
18,726 

2,461 

8,744 
11,676 

2,253 
18,315 
38.829 

9,430 
21.044 
11,996 

3,935 
715 


1731. 
Total. 

8,622 
2,150 
7,995 
7,675 
1,817 
6,033 
8,573 
1,969 
1,727 

3,728 


-1771- 


50,289 


Slaves. 

3,137 

1,162 

2,236 

1,452 

594 

3,430 

3,877 

662 

1,360 

1,954 

12 

7 


148,124  19,88-? 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


41 


TAXABLE  VALUATION  OF  TOWNS, 
1675. 

i  s.  (I. 

Easthampton   6,842  16    8 

Southold    10,;i35  10  . . 

Southampton   13,667  16    8 

Hempstead    11,532  19    4 

Jamaica    5,700  ..   .. 

Brookhaven    3,065  16    8 

Flatbush     5,079  10  . . 

Brooklyn    5,204  . .   . . 

Bushwick   3,174  10  .. 

New   Utrecht 2.852  10  .. 

Flatlands   4.00S  10   .. 

MILITIA     OF     THE     PROVINCE  OF 
NEW    YORK    IN    1700. 

Suffolk    614 

Queens  ' 601 

Kings    280 

Richmond 152 

New   York 684 

Westchester   155 

Ulster  and  Dutchess 325 

Albany  371 

Total  men   3,182 

Men. 

Kings  County  Militia  in  1715 255 

Freeholders    of    Suffolk    Countv    in 
1737    328 

The  Legislature  passed  acts  in  March, 
1788,  by  which  the  State  of  New  York 
was  divided  into  sixteen  counties,  and 
these  again  into  townships.  Kings 
County  contained  six  townships.  Poii- 
ulation  in  1786,  3,986,  of  which  1,317  were 
negroes.  Chief  towns  were  Brooklyn 
and  Flatbush.  Of  the  State  tax  of 
£24,000  were  apportioned  to  Kings 
County   £2,000. 

Queens  County  contained  six  town- 
ships. Population  in  1786,  13,084,  of 
which  2,183  were  negroes.  Chief  town, 
.lamaica.     State   tax,   £2,000. 

Suffolk  Countv  contained  eight  town- 
ships. Population  in  1786,  13,793,  of 
which  1.068  were  negroes.  Chief  towns, 
Easthampton  and  Huntington.  State 
tax,  £2,000. 

POPULATION,   1810. 

Kings  County,  8,303— Brookljn,  4,402; 
Bushwick,  798;  Flatbush,  1,159;  Flat- 
lands,  517;  Gravesend,  520;  New 
Utrecht,   907. 

Queens  County,  19,336— Flushing, 
2,730;  Hempstead,  5,804;  .lamaica,  2,110; 
Newtown,  2,437;  North  Hempstead, 
2,750;  Oyster  Bay,  4,725. 

Suffolk— Brookhaven,  4,176;  East- 
hampton, 1,484;  Huntington,  4,424;  Islip, 
835;  Riverhead,  1,711;  Shelter  Island, 
329;  Smithtown,  1.592;  Southampton, 
3,899;   Southold,  2,613. 


LONG   ISLAND   A   CENTURY   AGO 
(1810). 

KINGS  COUNTY— Taxable  property 
valued  in  1811  at  $2,456,061.  Population, 
8  303 

Town  of  Brooklyn— Taxable  property 
valued  at  $1,175,539.  Population,  4,402. 
The  incorporated  village  contained 
about  400  houses,  three  churches,  sev- 
eral factories,  ropewalks,  distilleries 
and  the  postofHce  of  the  coimty,  Bed- 
ford settlement. 

Town  of  New  Utrecht— Taxable  prop- 
erty valued  at  $275,765.  Village  had 
about  40  houses  and  church.  Popula- 
tion, 907.  .  , 

Town  of  Cravesenrl—Taxahle  property 
valued  at  $178,477.  Population,  520.  Vil- 
lage contained  20  houses,  church  and 
schoolhouse. 

Town  of  Flatbush— Taxable  property 
valued  at  $369,118.  Pouplation,  ],15J. 
Village  contained  about  100  houses, 
countv  buildings,  church,  academy  and 
two  schoolhouses.  In  this  town  were 
two  tidemills  and  one  windmill. 

Town  of  Flatlands— Taxable  property 


valued  at  $14,039.  Population,  517.  Vil- 
lage contained  about  20  houses  an-" 
church;   one  tidemill   in   town. 

Town  of  Bushwick— Taxable  property 
valued  at  $263,025.  Population,  798.  In 
this  town  were  one  church,  one  chapel, 
two  tidemills,  two  schoolhouses,  two 
taverns.     Williamsburgh  settlement. 

QUEENS  COUNTY— Population,  19,- 
336.     Six  towns  and  seven  postofBces. 

Town  of  Flushing— Population,  2,730. 
Flushing  village. 

Town  of  Hempstead — Population, 
5,804.  Hempstead  village  and  post- 
office,  Merricks  (postofflce  discontinued 
in  1811),  Rockaway. 

Town  of  Jamaica — Population,  2,110. 
Jamaica  village  and  postoffice,  three 
churches,  academy. 

Town  of  Newtown— Population,  2,437. 
iSTewtown  village,   three  churches. 

Town  of  North  Hempstead — Popula- 
tion, 2,750.  Queens  Court  House  or 
North  Hempstead  and  postofflce. 

Town  of  Oyster  Bay- Population, 
4,725.  Oyster  Bay  Village  and  post- 
office,  Jericho  postofflce. 

SUFFOLK  COUNTY— Taxable  prop- 
erty was  valued  at  $3,742,264  in  1811. 
Population,  21,11,3.  Nine  towns,  21  post- 
offices. 

Town  of  Easthampton — Taxable  prop- 
erty valued  at  $305,600.  Population. 
1,484,  including  26  slaves.  Easthampton 
village  had  80  houses,  one  Presbyterian 
Church,  one  academy  and  two  school- 
houses,  Wainscott  had  15  houses  and 
one  schoolhouse.  Amagansett  had  20 
houses  and  one  schoolhouse.  Acco- 
bonuck  had  15  houses  and  one  school - 
house.  Northwest  had  15  houses  and 
one   schoolhouse. 

Town  of  Huntington— Taxable  prop- 
erty valued  at  $736,350.  Population. 
4.424,  including  53  slaves.  Huntington 
village,  postoffice,  academy  and  two 
churches.  Dixhills,  postofflce.  Babylon, 
postofflce. 

Town  of  Islip — Taxable  property 
valued  at  $211,200.  Population,  885.  in- 
cluding  13   slaves. 

Town  of  Riverhead— Taxable  property 
valued  at  $233,415.  Population,  l,7n,  in- 
cluding 22  slaves.  The  town  was  known 
as  the  capital  of  Suffolk  County,  or 
Suffolk  Court  House.  Riverhead,  post- 
offlce, 14  houses  and  county  buildings. 
St.  George's  Manor  had  35  families 
Wading  River  had  30  houses.  Baiting 
Hollow  had  28  houses.  Aquebogue  had 
140  houses.  The  town  contained  In  al' 
270  dwellings,  four  churches  and  seven 
schoolhouses.  On  Peconic  Creek  were 
three  grainmills,  four  sawmills,  two 
fulling  mills,   etc. 

Town  of  Brookhaven— Taxable  prop- 
erty valued  at  $767,740.  Population, 
4.176,  including  126  slaves;  nine  post- 
offlces.  Coram,  near  the  center  of  the 
town,  was  the  site  of  town  business; 
six  Presbyterian  Churches  and  one 
Episcopal  Church  in  this  town. 

Postofflces:  Brookhaven  —  Setauket, 
with  two  churches,  two  schoolhouses, 
grainmill  and  town  library;  Stony 
Brook,  Middletown,  Patchogue,  Fire 
Place,  Forge,  Drowned  Meadov/,  Mori- 
ches. 

Town  of  Shelter  Island— Taxable 
property  valued  at  $80,240.  Population. 
?29.  including  eight  .slaves.  Island  of 
Shelter  Island,  8,000  acres  area;  had  50 
dwellings,  Presbyterian  meeting  hous" 
and  schoolhouse.  Great  Hog  Neck  Is- 
land 3%  miles  long. 

Town  of  Smithtown— Taxable  prop- 
erty valued  at  $374,209.  Population. 
1,592,  including  74  slaves.  Villages- 
"The  Branch,"  Presbyterian  Church 
schoolhouse  and  postofflce.  "The 
River,"  some  mills. 

Town  of  Southampton— Taxable  prop- 
erty valued  ni  $622,210.  Population, 
3,899,  including  61  slaves.  Sag  Harbor 
was  called  the  metropolis  of  Suffolk 
County  and  contained  80  houses,  one 
academy,  meeting  house,  etc.,  on  a 
street  one  mile  in  length.  Five  post- 
offlces   in    town:      Sag    Harbor,    West- 


hampton,     Southampton,     Brldgehamp- 
ton.   Canoe   Place. 

Town  of  Southold— Taxable  property 
valued  at  $401,300.  Population,  2,613,  in- 
cluding 30  slaves.  Matatuc  Postoffice 
had  60  families,  a  street  four  miles 
lung.  Cutchogue  had  60  families,  meet- 
ing house,  schoolhouse.  Southold  Post- 
offlce had  160  families,  meeting  hoiise, 
two  schoolhouses,  on  street  five  miles 
long.  Sterling  had  60  families.  Oyster 
Ponds  Village  had  70  families,  meeting 
house,  two  schoolhouses.  Plum  Island 
had  10  families. 


MAP  OF  NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

Map  on  Page  42. 

(In    the    Dutch    Times.) 

In  the  upper  center  of  the  map  is 
the  island  of  Manhattan,  on  the  south- 
ern extremity  of  the  island  is  Fort 
Amsterdam  and  the  town  of  Nieuw 
Amsterdam;  further  north  is  Sappo- 
iiaiiicke,  the  pausuiieu  tobacco  plan- 
tation of  Director  General  Kieft.  On 
the  east  side  is  a  point  called  "de  ver- 
brande  meulen"  or  "the  burnt  mill," 
the  ruin  of  which  was  for  a  long  time 
a  landmark  on  Director  General  Stuy- 
vesant's  land;  on  Corlear's  Hook  was 
Uie  Indian  village  K^'chtauk. 

"De  Noort  Rivier'  is  the  name  ap- 
plied to  the  present  North  River  above 
Sappohanicke;  the  river  was  thus 
named,  because  it  reached  farthest 
north  of  all  the  rivsrs  in  the  colony 
of  Nieuw  Nederland;  other  names  ap- 
plied to  this  river  were  Manhattans 
Rivier,  Nassau  Rivier,  de  groote 
rivier,  Montaigne  Rivier,  Maurits  or 
Mauritius  Rivier;  the  Mohegan  called 
it   Shatemuck. 

Below  Sappohanicke  the  waterway 
was  known  as  "de  kleyne  baai,"  i.  e. 
the  little  bav,  in  the  earlier  documents 
it  was  also  called  de  baai  van  de  Nourt 
Rivier,  i.  e.,  the  bay  of  the  North 
River.  Below  the  Narrows  it  was  called 
de  baai  van  le  hamels-hootden,  i.  e  , 
the  bay  of  the  Narrows.  Beyond 
Barren  Island  is  de  Canarsee  baai  or 
7out  Zee.  i.  e.,  the  salt  bay.  From  the 
Narrows  to  Zant  Hoeck,  1.  e.,  Sandy 
Hook,  extended  de  groote  baai,  i.  e., 
the  Great  Bay,  also  called  Port  May 
or  Godyn's  Baai. 

Nootcii  Kvlandt,  called  by  the  In- 
dians Paggauck,  an  island  of  abotit 
fO  morgen,  is  the  later  Governors 
Island.  The  name  Governor's  Island 
came  into  use  about  the  time  of  the 
Hevolutionarv  War;  the  name  Nooten 
Eylandt  was  applied  on  account  of  the 
abundance  of  fine  nut  trees  upon  it, 
when  it  became  the  property  ot  Di- 
rector General  Van  Twiller.  Cornelius 
Hendricksen  and  his  men.  who  spent 
the  winters  of  1614-15  and  1615-16  m  the 
colony,  probably  stayed  on  Nooten 
Evlandt.  Dancker  &  Sluyter's  Journal 
of  1679-80  states  that  this  island  was  the 
first  place  the  Hollanders  ever  occupied 
in    this   bay.  ^  ,       ,    . 

The  Indian  name  of  Ellis  Lsland  is 
said  to  have  iieen  Kicshk;  it  vas  also 
known  at  various  times  as  Bucking, 
Gibbet's  and  Brown's  Island;  on  sonie 
maps  it  is  marked  Bedloe's  Island, 
probably  from  the  fact  that  it  was  at 
one  tinie  the  property  of  one  Bedloe, 
together  with  Love  Island;  upon  it  Fort 
Gibson  was  erected  1841-1844. 

Oester  Evlandt,  i.  e..  Oyster  Island, 
called  by  the  Indians  Mlnnisais,  was 
.-^Iso  known  ,ns  Love  Island.  Corpora- 
tion Island,  Kennedy's  Lsland,  Gover- 
nor Nlcolls  gave  it  to  one  Needham, 
who  transferred  it  after  a  few  days  to 
Alderman  Isaac  Bedloe.  In  1670,  when 
it  was  the  property  of  Bedloe,  and  was 
known  as  Love  Island,  Governor  Love- 
lace made  it  a  city  of  refuge;  upon  it 
warrants  of  arrest  were  inoperative. 
A  fort  was  built  here  in  the  beginning 
of  the  nineteenth  century:  on  its  site 
F'lrt  Wood  was  erected  in  1841,  now  the 
island    is    known    as    Bedloe's    Island. 


42 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISIJ^lND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


The  name  Oyster  Island  has  been  ap- 
plied to  several  of  the  islands  in  this 
neighborhood  at  various  times;  they  are 
all  parts  of  what  was  known  as  the 
Oyster  Bank. 

Across  the  North  Elver  Is  't  kol,  the 
present  Bergen  Neck;  this  neck  was 
shaped  like  the  head  and  neck  of  a 
horse;  on  the  part  forming  the  horse's 
head,  was  a  plot  of  solid  land  sur- 
rounded by  swamp.  This  peculiar 
feature  of  the  ground,  in  connection 
with  the  shape  of  the  piece  of  land, 
probably  caused  the  Dutch  to  name  the 
neck  't  kol.  'T  kol  's  the  white  spot  on 
the  forehead  of  a  black  horse;  the 
word  is  also  applied  to  a  horse  marked 
in   this   way    (blaze). 

Achter  Kol,  the  name  given  to  New- 
ark Bay,  denotes  "behind  the  Kol";  the 
bay  is  also  called  Pauwe  Baal  on  an 
early  map,  after  the  Patroon  of  Pa- 
vonia.  The  name  Achter  Kol  has  been 
used,  In  a  wider  sense,  to  embrace  the 
land  west  of  Arthur  Kill  and  the 
Hackensack  River,  in  fact  the  land  be- 
hind the  Kol. 

Kil  Aehtor  Kol,  tiie  present  Arthur 
Kill  or  Staten  Islani  Sound,  is  the  out- 
let or  passage  of  Achter  Kol  or  New- 
ark Bav. 

Kil  van  Kol  is  the  Kil  of  the  Kol,  or 
the  present  Kill  Van  KuU;  it  separates 
't  Kol  from  Staten  Island. 
,Oamoenepa  or  Gamoenipan  was 
the  name  of  a  village  of  the  Hacken- 
sack on  't  Kol,  the  name  denotes 
"where  the  water  remained.'  At  times 
the  entire  neck  of  land  is  called 
Gamoenepa;  in  the  Revolutionary  War 
It  was  known  as  Barren  Neck;  its 
present  name  is  Bergen  Neck.  The 
name  of  its  southern  extremity.  Con- 
stable's Point,  is  still  retained.  At 
Gamoenepa  a  village  Avas  established 
by  the  Dutch;  the  present  Cominunipaw 
is  a  corruption  of  the  Indian  name. 

Paulus  Hoeck  is  now  a  part  of  lower 


Jersey  City.  Harsimus,  Ahasimus  or 
Hossemus,  the  site  of  a  former  Indian 
village  of  the  same  name,  perhaps  of 
the  Unamie  tiibe,  was  north  of  Paulus 
Hoeck.  Harsimus,  denoting  "at  the 
little  spring,"  was  called  "the  garden 
of  the  West  Indian  Company,"  and 
later  "the  Duke's  farm,"  i.  e.,  the  Duke 
of  York's.  Above  Harsimus  was  Ho- 
buk,  the  present  Hoboken,  and  the 
Hopoakanhacking  of  the  Indians,  i.  e., 
the  pipe-making  place;  here  the  Indians 
procured  the  clay  for  making  tobacco 
pipes. 

Weehawk  or  Ahweehawk  is  the  Wee- 
hawken  of  today.  Bergen  village  was 
in  the  center  of  the  neck,  at  the  be- 
ginning of   the  Tieights. 

Sisakus,  Siskakes  or  Sickakes  i.  e., 
"rattlesnakes,"  the  present  Secaucus, 
was  a  tract  of  solid  land,  surrounded 
by  swamp,  the  Indians  called  it  an 
Island ;  on  its  southern  end  was  "de 
Slangenbergh,"  the  present  Snake  Hill. 

Newark,  alias  Milford,  Elizabeth 
town,  now  Elizabeth,  Woodbridge  and 
Perth  Araboy  are  names  of  English 
settlements.  Amboy  is  said  to  come 
from  ompaere,  denoting  "rocky  shore." 

De  Noort  Kil  is  now  known  as  Hack- 
ensack River,  and  de  Noort  West  Kil 
as  Passaic  River;  the  last  named  was 
also  called  Rivier  Achter  Kol  and  de 
Kleyne  Rivier,  i.  e.,  the  little   river.       ] 

Schutters  Eylandt  was  so  named 
because  the  early  settlers  came  here 
to  shoot  wild  fowl,  its  present  name 
is  Shooters  Island. 

Staaten  Eylandt  is  generally  said  to 
have  been  named  by  Hudson,  but  this 
belief  has  no  foundation;  it  was  con- 
sidered to  be  part  of  the  mainland  by 
most  of  the  early  writers.  De  Laet 
points  out  the  several  islands  In  the 
harbor,  such  as  Governor  Island  and 
the  lesser  islands,  like  Ellis,  Bedloes, 
etc.,  even  Robbins  Reef,   but  does  not 


mention  Staten  Island.  The  name 
was  apparently  coined  some  eighteen 
years  after  Hudson  had  come  here  by 
some  Dutchman,  who  was  aware  that 
it  was  an  island.  This  man  must  have 
been  informed  by  the  Indians  that  in 
the  past  this  piece  of  land  suffered 
greatly  by  a  flood,  when  pieces  of  land, 
which  had  been  detached  from  larger 
bodies,  had  been  driven  down  the  East 
River,  became  pressed  in  the  Narrows, 
between  Long  Island  and  this  island. 
They  were  continually  tossed  against 
this  island,  causing  it  to  tremble,  and 
the  hemmed-in  masses  of  water  found 
an  outlet  by  running  over  the  island. 
This  man  gave  to  it  probably  the  name 
Stooten  Eylandt,  i.  e.,  the  island  which 
was  tossed.  At  the  same  time  Newark 
Bay  may  have  been  formed.  Oude 
Dorp,  i.  e.,  the  old  village,  was  the 
first  village  established  on  the  island, 
to  protect  the  entrance  of  the  inner 
harbor;  Nieuwe  Dorp  was  the  second 
village. 

De  Oost  Rivier  is  the  present  East 
River;  the  name  Rivier  Hellegat  seems 
to  have  embraced  the  East  River  and 
Harlem  River  in  the  early  narratives; 
Adriaen  Block  called  the  Ea.st  River 
"Hellegat."  Vander  Donck  called  the 
East  River  and  Long  Island  Sound 
combined.  East  River;  he  says:  "The 
East  River  connects  on  both  ends  with 
the  sea."  Hellegat,  the  present  Hell 
Gate,  denotes  gap,  hole  or  opening  of 
hell;  Deutel  Bay,  from  dertel  or  dartel, 
denotes  the  wanton  or  sportive  bay. 

The  two  Barent  islands  were  named 
after  Barent  Jansen,  who  was  the 
farmer  here  in  1639;  het  Kleyne  Barent 
Eylandt  is  now  known  as  Randall's 
Island;  it  contained  about  sixty  mor- 
gen  of  land,  and  was  granted  in  16S9 
to  one  Delaval;  later  it  was  known  as 
Belle  Isle,  Talbot  Island  and  Montres- 
sor  Island.   Hot  Groote  Barent  Eylandt, 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


43 


called  by  the  Indians  Tenkenas,  con- 
tained about  100  morgen  ot  land;  it  is 
now  known  as  Ward's  Island. 

Minnahanonck,  later  Varken  Ey- 
landt,  i.e.,  Hog  Island,  also  Manning's 
Island,  is  now  known  as  Blackwell's 
Island. 

The  settlements  on  the  Long  Island 
side  are  fully  described  in  the  sketches 
of   the   several   towns. 


CONCLUSION 

We  have  followed  the  development  of 
Long  Island   from   the     earliest     time 
possible,   we   had     an     opportunity   to 
see  how  the  Indian    tribes,     who    had 
possession    of  it  in  prehistoric     times, 
were  driven  from  their  old  time  hunt- 
ing grounds  by  men  of  their  own  race. 
We  have   followed  the   growth   of   the 
struggling   isolated     colonies     on     the 
eastern  end,  as  well  as  of  those  under 
the  rule  of  the  Dutch  Governors  on  the 
western  end.    We  have  seen  the  island  ] 
become  the     property  of     an     English  i 
prince,  whose  rule  was  interrupted  by 
the  reconquest    of    New    Netherland  byi 
the  Dutch.     For  nearly  a  century  the  i 
island  was  part  of  a   British   colonial  { 
province;  finally  it  became  part  ot  the  i 
sovereign  State  of  New  York.  I 

The  first  century  in  the  history  of 
the  island  under  these  new  conditions 
Is  marked  by  a  steady,  healthy  de- 
velopment. Since  then  a  few  decades 
have  passed,  each  one  surpassing  its 
predecessor  by  far  in  the  development 
of  the  island.  It  is  now  no  longer  only 
the  goal  of  the  wage-earner,  whose 
dream  it  is  to  own  a  little  home  in  a' 
healthy  neighborhood,  but  many  rnen 
of  great  means  have  acquired  large 
tracts  on  Long  Island  for  their  coun- 
try    homes.     These     princely     estates 


have,  as  a  natural  consequence,  caused 
vast  improvements  in  roads,  railroad 
service,  etc.  The  fact  that  so  many 
men  of  wealth  have  selected  sites  on 
Long  Island  for  their  country  seats, 
has  been  the  means  to  convince  the 
outside  world  that  this  island  is  all 
that  it  ever  has  been  claimed  to  be. 
Its  natural  beauty,  the  purity  of  its 
air  and  water  and  other  advantages 
are  no  longer  doubted,  because  these 
men  had  the  choice  of  all  the  lands 
surrounding  New  York  City,  and  Long 
Island  received  the  preference. 

The  length  of  the  island  is  the  same 
as  when  Captain  Block  sailed  along  its 
coast,  just  three  centuries  ago,  but 
the  distance  has  been  reduced  to  a 
minimum,  not  in  miles,  to  be  sure. 
Thanks  to  our  modern  means  of  trav- 
eling, 125  miles  have  no  terror  for  a 
traveler,  an  express  train  can  cover  the 
distance  in  two  hours.  In  the  book  en- 
titled "The  Eastern  District  of  Brook- 
lyn" the  writer  remarked  in  the  pref- 
ace, referring  to  that  locality:  "Its  fa- 
vorable situation  was  noticed  by  Gov- 
ernor Kieft  and  he  acquired  the  land 
from  the  Indians  at  a  time  when  New 
York  City  was  confined  to  the  south- 
ernmost end  of  Manhattan  Island,  and 
its  great  future  was  foreseen  by  the 
founders  of  Williamsburgh  a  century 
ago.  Not  every  town  on  Long  Island 
can  be  a  next-door  neighbor  to  Man- 
hattan Island,  but  Nassau  County  is 
today  as  close  to  New  York  City  as 
Kings  County  was  then  and  sooner  or 
later  Suffolk  County  will  hold  this 
same  position.  But  in  bringing  far-off 
Suffolk  closer  the  Eastern  District 
will  gain,  as  it  has  gained  so  far  in  this 
process." 

Within  a  few  more  years  a  journey 
from  Montauk  Point  to  New  York  City 
will  not  consume  more  time  than  a 
journey  from  Bushwick  to  the  fort  on 
Manhattan  Island  did  in  Governor 
Kieft's  time. 


The  population  of  the  island  in  1910 
was: 

Kings  County   1,634,351 

Queens   County    284,041 

Nassau   County: 

Town  of  Hempstead  44,297 

Town  of  N.  Hempstead..  17,831 
Town  ot  Oyster  Bay 21,802 

83,930 

Suffolk  County: 

Town  of  Huntington   12,004 

Town   of   Babylon 9,030 

Town  of  Islip   18,346 

Town  ot  Smithtown   7,073 

Town  ot  Brookhaven 16,737 

Town   ot   Riverhead 5,345 

Town  of  Southold 10,577 

Town  of  Shelter  Island..  1,064 

Town  ot  Southampton 11,240 

Town  ot  Easthampton...  4,722 

96,138 

Total   2,098,460 

According   to   estimates    prepared    by 
the  U.  S.  Census  Office,  the  population 
will  be  on  July  1.  1914: 
New  York  State  9,899,761 

New  York  City: 

Manhattan  2,536,716 

Brooklyn 1,833,696 

Bronx    .529.193 

Queens    339,886 

Richmond  94,043 

Total    5,333,539 

The  figures  for  the  counties  of  Nas- 
sau and  Suffolk  are  not  given,  but  can 
be  estimated.  Long  Island  would  show 
then  as  follows: 

Kings  County  1,833,696 

Queens  County   339,885 

Nassau  Count v  (approximate).        90,000 
Suffolk  County  "  .      105,000 

Total    2,368,582 

These  figures  show  that  about  24  per 
cent,  ot  the  inhabitants  of  the  State  ot 
New  York,  and  over  40  per  cent,  of  the 
inhabitants  of  New  York  City  (Bor- 
oughs of  Brooklyn  and  Queens)  live  on 
Long  Island. 


The  Eagle  Library 


General   Index 


A 

Page 

Abraham   Jansen    27 

Accobonuck     40,  41 

Achter    Kol 42 

Achtervelt     19.  2S 

Agrawam     39 

Ahasimus    42 

Ahweehawk     42 

Albany    County    40,  41 

Algonquin    tribes    15.  16 

Alley.    The     30 

AKsop   Farm.    28;    house 28 

Amagansett    40,  41 

Amboy    42 

Amersfoort.  20,  21,  25;  flat 26 

Amityville      34 

Andros.  Governor 36.  38 

Anneke   Jans    28 

Anthony  Jansen    16.  23.  24 

Anchonnock    38 

Appletree    Neck    35 

Aqueboque     41 

Aquehonga    Monacknong 16 

Armen    Bouwerij     28 

Arthur  Kill 42 

Astoria    28 

At    the    Bay 16.26 

B 

Baai  van  de  HameIs-Hoofden.41 
Baai   van  de  Noort   Rlvier....41 

Babylon     33.  34.  41.  43 

Baisley's  Pond    30 

Barclay    Mansion     28 

Barent    Islan3s    42 

Barren    Island     16,  26,  41 

Barren    Neck    42 

Basin   District    39 

Bath     24 

Baiting  Hollow    39,41 

Battle  of  Long  Island 28 

Baxter.   George    32 

Bay    Head     39 

Bay  of  Long  Island 39 

Bay  of  the  Narrows 41 

Bay   of  the   North   River... 23.  41 

Bay   Ridge    24 

Bayside     29.  30 

Bayville     32 

Bears'      Island.      26;      planting 
land.       the.       30;.       the,       16: 

waterland.    the     28 

Beaver     Dam,     39;     Path,     30; 

Pond.    30;    Swamp 32 

Bedford.  16.  17.  19,  21;  creek.. 19 

Bedloe.  Isaac   41 

Bedloe's    Island    41,  42 

Beecher,    Lyman     40 

Beeren    Eylandt    16.  26 

Bellamore,   Governor   40 

Bell,   Captain    37 

Bell  House    37 

Belle    Isle    42 

Bellport    36,    37 

Bennett  farm  house 25 

Bennett  house    23 

Bennett.  "William  Adrianse.l9,  23 

Bentyn    19 

Bentyn,    Jacques    2S 

Bergen  House.   Brooklyn 23 

Bergen    House.    Flatbush 25 

Bergen    Island    26 

Bergen    Neck    42 

Bergen    Village    42 

Berrian's   Island    28 

Bescher.   Thomas    17,  21 

Bestevaar    21 

Bethpage     33 

Betts,    Captain   Richard 28 

Blackwell  Homestead   28 

Blackwell's    Island    16.  17,  42 

Block.    Captain   Adriaen.31  38,  42 

Bloom  house,  Nicholas 23 

Blue  Point    35,  37 

Bogardus,  Dne  Everardus 28 


Page 

Bogart  house   31 

Bookum    38 

Booth  house   37 

Boswijck    19 

Boswljck   Church    26 

Boswijck  Court   26 

Boswijck  Town   20 

Boswijck   Village 20.22.26.28 

Bowery  Bay   28 

Bowery  Bay   Road 28 

Bowne  house    29 

Bragaw.  Broucard    28 

Bragaw,    Israel    28 

Branch,    The    41 

Breukelen     19.  20.  21 

Bridgehampton    39.  41 

Brinckerhoff.    Abraham    29 

Brinckerhoff       family       burial 

place    29 

Bristol,  ship   81 

Broadway    30 

Broken  Land   17 

Bronx  Borough   43 

Brookfleld    36 

Brookhaven 18.  33.  34.  36.  41 

Brookhaven,  population  .  37.  41.  43 

Brookland    20 

Brook.    Lord     36 

Brooklyn,    Borough    of, 

IS.  .19.  20,  43 

Brooklyn    Church    22 

Brooklyn  City 18.  19.  20.  22 

Brooklyn  Corporation   Seal....  21 

Brooklyn  Ferry 22 

Brooklyn    Fire    District 22 

Brooklyn  Heights 21 

Brooklyn   Hotel    36 

Brooklyn   population  .  20.  23.  40,  41 
Brooklyn   Town,  ' 

16.    17.    19.    20.    22.    41 

Brooklyn  Village    19.  22 

Brookville    32 

Brotherton   Indians    39 

Brown's  Island    41 

Bruyckleen    Colony    20  i 

Bruyckleen  Colony  Seal 22 

Brushvllle    30  . 

Brutnell.  Richard    16,  28  j 

Bryant.  William  Cullen 31 

Buckram    32  j 

Bucking  Island   41  1 

Bull  Head 39 

Bullrider     35 

Bull-Smiths     35  \ 

Burgon.  Broucard 28  | 

Burger,  Jorissen   16,  28  I 

Burling,    Walter    30 

Burly    Pond    31 

Burnt   Mill    41 

Burrough  farm    28 

Burrough,  John 29 

Bushwick  Church    26 

Bushwick    Creek     19,  26,  27 

Bushwick    Crossroads    27 

Bushwick   Ferry    27 

Bushwick  Kruispad    27 

Bushwick  Manorhouse    27 

Bushwick,    New  Lotts  of 27 

Bushwick    Population. .  .27,  40,  41 
Bushwick.  Town  of, 

16,   17,    19.    20.    26,    41 

Bushwick  Village    27,  43 

Butler,    Captain  John 32 


Calvary    Cemetery    2S  i 

Canarisse    26  ! 

Canarsee  Baai   411 

Canarsee,  the... 16,  17,  19,  26,  30  1 

Canarsie  Village    26  , 

Canoe  Place   39,  41 

Cap  Tree  Island 34  I 

Carmand.   Robert    38 

Carman's  River 36  ' 

Caroline   Church    35  1 


Page 

Carpenter,  Joseph    32 

Carpenter's  Tavern,  Increase..  30 

,  Case  Homestead    37 

j  Castateuw    17.  26 

Caumsett    33,  34 

Cedar    Hill    Cemetery 36 

Cedar  Island  (Kasthampton) .  .  40 
^  Cedar  Island  (Shelter  Island). 3S 
i  Cedar  Island  Lighthouse 40 

■  Cedarmere   31 

;  Cedar   Swamp    32 

■  Center    Island    32 

j  Centreport   34 

!  Centre  Moriches    36 

i  Chamakou     30 

j  Chameken    30 

I  Champlaln  House   37 

I  Champlaln's  Creek 35 

j  Charles  1 17,  32 

j  Charles  II 17.  IS.  3fi 

Chichester  Homestead 34 

I  Chlco    39 

Christ  Church    36 

!  Circassian.  Ship 39 

I  Claes  Cornellssen  Scbouw 17 

Clarke   house    37 

!  Clarke.  Sheriff 37 

I  Cllnktown    31 

Clinton    Academy    40 

Clinton    house.    De   Witt 29 

Clinton.  Sir  Henry 28 

!  Cllntonville    30 

Cobb   39 

I  Cobbet  William   31 

I  Cob's    Pound     39 

Cocks  farm 32 

Cocks  homestead 32 

■  Coe  family 29 

Golden.   Cadwallader 30 

Colden,    David    30 

Cold  Spring  Harbor 33.  34 

Cole's  Mill    23 

Coles,  General  Nathaniel 32 

College  of  the  XIX 20 

College   Point    30 

Colonial  Legislature 31 

Colve.  Governor 38 

Cometico     37 

Comimunipa.v    42 

Coney   Island    16,  24.  25 

Conl jne   Eylandt    24 

Conijne  Hoek    24 

Conklin    Castle    34 

Conklin  homestead 34 

Connecticut,  Colony  of, 

17,  18.  34,  36,  38,  39.  40 

Connecticut  River 35,  36 

Connetquot  Brook 35 

Connetquot  River 35,  36 

Conorasset     17,  30 

Conselyea  House   27 

Constable's  Point    42 

Cookie  Hill    30 

Coosputus     36 

Coram    36,  Al 

Corchaki  tribe    40 

Corchaug   16.  17,  37 

Corlear's   Flat    26 

Corlear's  Hook 27,  41 

Cornells  Dircksen    22 

Cornelius   Hendricksen    41 

Cornelius  Lambertsen  Cool.  17.  21 

Cornell    House    31 

Corona    29 

Corporation    House     23 

Corporation    Island    41 

Corsa.    Col.    Isaac 29 

Corteleau.    Jacques    23 

Cortelyou    house    23 

Cortelyou   house,  'Simon 24  , 

Cortelyou    Simon     24  I 

Corum     36  ■ 

Corum  Baptist  Church 36  | 

Cossikan     23  ! 

Counties,    the     18,  41 

Count's    Beach,     the 24' 


Page 

Cove,  the   25 

Cow  Bay   31 

Cow  Harbor   31,  34 

Cow  Neck   16.  31 

Cox.   Richard    37 

Cozlne,    Jrhn    29 

Crafford      30 

Craye,    Tenen     28 

Crlpplebush     21 

Cripplebush    patent    21 

Cromme    Gouwe    39 

Cuffee.    Rov.   Paul 39 

Culloden    ship    40 

CuUoden    Point    40 

Culver,   Jeremiah    39 

Culver.    John    29 

Cumberland  County 40 

Cumsewogue     36 

Cutchogue     37,  41 

Cutchogue  Church    37 

Cypress    Hills    19.  27 

Cypress    Hills    Cemetery.  .  .19.  29 


Danckers  &   Sluyter's  Journal, 
^  39,  41 

Davenport     36 

Dayton     36 

Dayton's    Neck    36 

Debevoise  House.  Bushwick. .  .27 
Debevolse  House,  Newtown. .  .28 
Debevoise    Mansion.    Brooklyn  .  23 

Dearing.  Samuel    32 

Deerlng.    Henry    P 40 

1  De  Hart  House 23 

De   Laet    14.    42 

Delafleld   Mansion    28 

Delaval     34.42 

Delawares    14.  16 

Denyse's  Ferry    24 

De   Rapalle.   Jorls  Jansen 21 

De  Rycke.  Abraham 28 

De  SlUe.   NIcasius 21,   23 

Deutel  Bay   42 

Devoe   Houses    27 

Dlrck   Volckertse    27 

Ditmas  Farm .28 

Dix  Farm    39 

Dixhills    41 

Dominie's  Hook   16.  28 

Dongan,   Governor    31,  40 

Dosoris     32 

Dosoris  Lane    32 

Doughty,    Mary    29 

Doughty,    Rev.    Francis.  . .  .16,  28 

Douglass,   George    30 

Douglass  Point    30 

Drowned   Meadow    36.  41 

Duffield  House   23 

Duke's   Farm,    the 42 

Duke's  Laws,   the 18,  31 

Dumplings,   the    38 

Duryea    Farm,    Thomas    P 30 

Duryea  house.  Bushwick 27 

Duryea  house,  Flushing 29 

Duryea  house,    Newtown 28 

DuSusoy.    Marcus    21 

Dutch  and  English  Claims...  17 
Dutch    Church    on    Manhattan 

Island     28 

Dutchess    County    40,  41 

Dutch    Kills    16,28 

Dutch   Kills   Creek    28 

Dyer's   Neck    36 


East    Bay    32 

East    Brooklyn     22 

East    Connetquot    River    36 

Eastern    District    of    Brooklyn, 

27,  43 

Eastern    Plantation     39 

Eastern   tribes,    the 17,34 

Easthampton   Church    40 

Easthampton    Plantation. 

17.  39,  40 


Eagle  Library— GENERAL   INDEX 


45 


Page 
Easthamptr.n    Population. 

40,  41.  43 
Easthampton     Town.  17.  18.  40.  41 

Ea.sthampton    Turnpike    40 

Easthampton   Village    40 

East    Island    ^2 

East    Marion    37 

East    Norwich    32 

Eastport     '' 

East   Riding    18 

East  River 16.  19.   20,   42 

East    Setauket     '^ 

East    Williamsburg    29 

East   Woods    32.  33 

Eaton.  Governor   33,36 

Eaton   Manor    34 

Eaton's   Neck   Lighthouse 34 

Eaton's    Neck     34 

Ebeling.    Prof 1* 

Eboracum     13 

Eldert    homestead    26 

Eldert.    Johannes    26 

Elizabeth    *- 

Elizabeth    Joe    37 

Ellzabethtown     *~ 

Elliott  house 


Page 

Fort  Amsterdam    ■'1 

Fort   Franklin    34 

Fort    Gibson 


.41 


Fort    Diamond    24 

Fort    Hamilton    ^3,24 

Fort   Hill 


.32 


Fort   Lafayette    24 

Fort   Neck    (Hempstead). 

31.  32.  33 

Fort    Neck    (Isllp) 35 

Fort    Neck    (Southold) 37  I  Griffin 

Fort    Neck    House 33 

Fort  Pond '"' 

Fort  Salonga    35 

Fort   Slongo    35 

Fort    Stevens    


Page 

Green   Hook    28 

Greenpoint     19.  26 

Greenport     37 

Greenport  Harbor 37 

Greewijck   W.  23 

Grenen    Berghen    19 

Grenen   Bout  Punt 19.  26 

Grenen    Punt    19,26 

Grenewijck    19 

Griffin    House    38 

John    38 

Groote   Baal,    de    41 

Groote    Barent    Eylandt 42 

Groote  Rivler.  de    41 

Gull   Islands    16.  37 

Guntherville    25 


Page 

Hoyonock     *** 

Hudde.    Adrian    21.  26 

Hudson.    Hend 14,  42 

Hudson,    Stephen     35 

Hunter,  Captain  George 28 

Hunterspoint     28 

Huntington  Church    33 

Huntington    Harbor    34 

Huntington    Population. .34.  41,  43 

Huntington    Town 18.  33.  41 

Huntington   Village    33,41 

Huyck.   Aertsen    21 

Hyde    Park    31 


I 


.21 


Elliott  Manor 29 

Ellis   Island    41,42 

English    Kills 28 

English  Towns,  the 18 

Equendlto    26 

Erasmus   Hall    25 

Ersklne.    Lord    39 

Eurewlc    18 

Evergreen    -  * 

Evergreens.   Cemetery  of  the, 

19.   27.    29 
Execution   Rocks  Lighthouse.  .15 


..33 
.  .33 
.  .31 
8,  40 
.  .38 
..32 


Farmlngdale     

Farms.    The    

Far    Rockaway    

Farrett.    James 17.32, 

Farrett's   Island    

Feexe.   John    

Ferry.    The    17.19.21 

Fire  Island    35 

Fire  Island  Beach 35,36 

Fire   Island   Lighthouse 35 

Fire  Place    37,  41 

Fire  Place  Church    •.  ■  37 

First    Dutch    Church    on    Long 

Island     26 

First      Episcopal      Church      on 

Long  Island    36 

First  General  Assembly.  .  .  .18.  31 
First     Methodist     Church      on 

Long   Island    29 

Fishers'   Hook.  The _.16 

Fishers'   Island    16.37.38 

Fishers'    Island    Lighthouse.  ..  33 

Fishers'    Island    Sound 38 

Fish  House    28 

Fish,   Jonathan    28 

Fish  Point 28 

Fish,    Samuel    28 

Five  Dutch  Towns,   The 20 

Five  Proprietors,  The 32 

Flatbush    Church    25 

Flatbush  Population.  ..  20.   40.   41 
Flatbush    Town. 

ir,    19.    20.   25.    26.    41 

Flatbush  Village    25 

Flatlands    Church     26 

Flatlands  Neck   House 26 

Flatlands    Neck    Schoolhouse.  .26 
Flatlands  Population. 

20.    26,   40,    41 
Flatlands  Town. 16,  19.  20,  26.  41 

Flatlands  Village   19,  26 

Flats    1' 

Flat  Top  Tree 40 

Fletcher.    Governor    35 

Flushing     and     N.     Hempstead 

Turnpike    30 

Flushing   Bay    28.  29 

Flushing   Creek    28.  29 

Flushing  Guardhouse    29 

Flushing    Hotel    30 

Flushing   Meadows    28 

Flushing   Population    ...30.40.41 

Flushing   Town    29.31.41 

Flushing    Village.  ..  .14,  18.  30.  41 

Flushing    Village    Hall 30 

Folstone     32 

Forge     *1 

Forge   River 36.  37 

Forester.    Captain    Andrew....!" 


Fort  St.  George   36 

Fort   Wikoff    'SO 

Fort    Wood    *1 

Foster  Meadow    31 

Foster     Meadow     Presbyterian 

Church    31 

Fountain    Inn     27 

Fowlers.    The    ■"• 

Francis   Cove    32 

Franklin.    Governor    34 

Franklin.   Walter    29 

Frederick  Lubbertsen   17.  21 

Freeport     31 

Fresh    Meadow     29 

Friends  Academy    32 

Friends  Meef.ng  Home.    Beth- 
page     33 

Friends  Meeting  House.  Flush- 
ing      29 

Friends    Meeting    House.     Jer- 
icho     33 

Friends    Meeting    House.     ,Ma- 

tinecock    32 

Frost.    William    32 

Furman   House    29 

Furman's    Island     28 


Guyney    24 

Gysbert   Op  Dyck 16,  24 

Gysbert    Island     24 


H 

Hackensack    Indians    42 

Hackensack   River    42 

Hale,  Nathan   34 

I  Hallett,    Gideon    29 

I  Hallett's  Cove    28 

i  Hallett,  William  28 

I  Hallock,  Peter 37 

i  Halsey  House    39 

Hamilton,  Col 30 


Hamton 


.39 


Gamoenepa    * " 

Garden  of  the  West  India  Co.  42 

Gardiner,    David    4" 

Gardiner  Homestead   40 

Gardiner.   John    40 

Gardiner.    Lyon. 18.    33,    34,   36.    40 

Gardiner's   Bay    38 

Gardiner's  Island 18,    36,    40 

Gardiner's  Neck    34 

Garretsen  House   29 

Gebroken  Land   17 

George  II 36 

George's  Neck    35 

Gerrettsen   Creek    19.25 

Gerrettsen   Creek,    Mill   at 26 

Gheele    Hoek    21,22 

Glbh,    Andrew     35 

Gibbet  Island 26,  41 

Glbbs.  Charles   26 


Glen    Cove 


.32 


Glenhead    32 

Gloucester  County    40 

Godyn's  Baal    41 

Goetze's   Hotel    30 

Good   Ground    39 

Goodyear.  Stephen   38 

Gooseband.  The 16 

Gosman  House 28 

Governor's  Island.. 16,   17,   41.   42 

Gowanls    22 

Gowanus 17,  19,  21,  22 

Gowanus  Cove   20,23 

Gowanus  Creek   19 

Gowanus  Mill    23  | 

Gowanus  Stonehouse    23 

Gravesend   Bay    25 

Gravesend  Church    24 

Gravesend  Population. .  20,  40.  41 
Gravesend   Town... 16,    20,    24.    41 

Gravesend  Village 14,   18.   19 

Gray    Goose    Band,    The 16 

Great  Bay.  The 41 

Great  Cow  Harbor   34 

Greater  New  York  City 18.  43 

Great    Flat.    The    26 

Great  Gull  Island   38 

Great  Hog  Neck  Island 41 

Great  Neck    35 

Great  Peconlc  Bay 39 

Great  Plains.  The 24 

Great  Pond    40 

Great   Rams  Island    38 

Great  South  Bay 16.   34,  36 

Greenfield    25 

Green   Hills    19 


Harbor   Hill    31 

Hardscrabble    33 

Hardy.    Com 38 

Harlem    River    42 

Harslmus     42 

Hartford.  Treaty  of 31.    32 

Hastings    28 

Hauppauge    35 

Hauppauge   Road    35 

Havemeyer  Point  Inn 34 

Hazard,    James    27 

Head  of  Cow  Harbor 31 

Head    of    the    Harbor 35 

Hecke welder    7.  .."... .". 14 

Heemstede     30 

Heeregracht,    de 20.    23 

Hegeman.    Adrian    22,   23,    26 

Hellegat     42 

Hellgate    28,   42 

Hellgate  Ferry    28 

Hellgate  Islands   26 

Hellgate    Neck     17,28,30 

Hempstead  Dutch  Church 31 

Hempstead    Episcopal    Church, 

31,  32 

Hempstead    Harbor    31,32 

Hempstead    Plain    31 

Hempstead     Population.  31,  41,  43 
Hempstead       Presbyterian 

Church    31 

Hempstead  Rectory   31 

Hempstead    Swamp    29 

Hempstead  Town, 

16,    17.    18,    30,    32.    41 

Hempstead  Village 14,  18,  31 

Hendrick's    Bluff    24 

Hercules     39 

Herrlck,    William    28 

Hewlett    family 31 

Hewlett,    George    28 

Hewlett's   Island    28 

Hicks    Beach     17 

Hicks    Neck     31 

Hicks,    Thomas    30 

Hltchings.    Benjamin    25 

Hobbamock    16 

Hoboken    42 

Hobuk    42 

Hog  Island   32,  42 

Hogs  Island    30 

Hoopanlnak     26 

Hope,    The     24 

Hopoakanhacking    42 

Hoppoque    35 

Horse    Neck    33,34 

Horton,    Barnabas    37 

Horton    House    37 

Horton's    Point    37 

Hossemus     42 

Howard,   Jonathan    29 

Howard's  Halfway  House 25 

Howard,     William     25 

How,  Daniel    32,  39 

Howell,    Edward    39 

Howell    Homestead    38 

Howell   House    39 

Howell.    Silas    39 


Ihpetonga    

Indian    Trails    19 

Indian  War.. 17.   20,  21,  23.  26.  28 

Indians.     The    1^ 

Island  of  the  Bears 16 

Isle   of   Patmos 38 

Isle    of    Wight 36,40 

Islip 23.  35.  36,  41 

Islip    Estate    35 

Islip  Population 35,  41,  43 

Isola   Lange    38 


Jackson    Homestead    29 

Jackson,  Thomas  B 28 

Jacob   Hellakers    23 

Jacob   Wolphertsen    17,26 

Jagger  Farmhouse   39 

Jamaica  Band   16.  17,  30 

Jamaica  Bay 16,  17.  19,  30 

Jamaica  Court 30 

Jamaica  Dutch  Church 30,  32 

Jamaica  Population 30,  41 

Jamaica  Presbyterian  Meeting 


House 


.30 


Jamaica   Town    16.30,41 

Jamaica  Village 18,  30,  31,  41 

James.  Duke  of  York 18,  36 

Jamesport    39 

Jan   Aertsen    21 

Jan   de   Swede 27 

Jan    Evertsen   Bout 21 

Jan  Jansen    28 

Jan  Teunlssen    21 

23 


Jan  Tomassen    

Jan  Van   Rotterdam 21 

Jean   Gerardse    28 

Jericho    33,  41 

Johnson    House    25 

Johnson's  Land    24 

Jones   Homestead    33 

Jones,  Major  Thomas 33 


.21 


Kakapoteyno    

Kanapaukah    17,28 

Kennedy's  Island    41 

Keshkechqueren    16,  26 

Ketanomocke    33 

Keuters'   Hook    25 

Kidd,    Captain    31,40 

Kldd's   Rock    31 

Kieft,  Governor  William. 

16,   17,   20,   26,   41,   43 

Kievlt's  Hoeck 36 

Kljkult    26,  27 

Kll   Achter   Kol    42 

Kill   Van    KuU 42 

Kll  Van  Kol 42 

Killingsworth    32 

King  David  Pharao    I  .  .40 

King.    Ruf us    30 

Kings    County. 

14.    17.    18.    19,    20.    41 

Kings  County,  Capital  of 25 

Kings  County  Court 24,  25 

Kings  County  Courthouse 25 

Kings  County  Jail 25 

Kings  County  Militia 20 

Kings  County  Poorhouse 25 

Kings    County    Population, 

18,    20,    40,    41,    43 

Kings  County  Postofflce 22 

Kings   County   Taxable   Valua- 
tion     20,  41 

King's   Highway    24,  25 

Kings   Manor    30 

Kloshk    41 

Kirk,    Richard    31 

Kleyne    Baal,    de    41 

Kleyne   Barent   Eylandt 42 

Kleyne    Rivler.    de    42 

Kol.    't    42 

Konkhunganlck    40 


46 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Page 

Konooh     1^ 

Kowenhowen    House    2« 

Kreupelbosch    22 

Krulspad,    het    19 


Lake   Ronkonkoma    31.  35 

Lakeville    31 

Lane.    Daniel    34 

Lane,   John    25 

Lattingtown    32 

Lawrence.  Homer 28 

Lawrence,  John   30 

Lawrence's   Neck    30 

Lawrence,  Thomas 30 

Lawrence,  'William 30 

Lebanon   Cedar    <" 

Lefterts  Homestead    (Hunting- 
ton)     34 

Lefferts  House    (Flatbush) 25 

Lefterts  House,  Leffert  (Brook- 
23 


lyn) 


Lefferts  House,  Leffert  (Bush- 
wick)    27 

Lefferts  House.  Rem  (Brook- 
lyn     ^,1 

Leni  Lenape   i" 

Leveredge    33 

Leverlch.  Caleb   29 

Leverlch  Homestead   2» 

Leverlch.   WUllam    32 

Lewis.    Francis    30 

Lexington,   Steamer    34 

L'Hommedieu    House    37 

Llnnaean   Gardens    30 

Little    Bay.    The <1 

Little    Gull    Island 38 

Little   Gull   Island  Lighthouse.  3s 

Little    Neck    30,  31.  36 

Little   Neck  Bay 30 

Little  Neck  Hotel 30 

Little   Rams  Island 38 

Little  River.  The    42 

Livingston.    Col 3S 

Lloyd,  James   34 

Lloyd's  Neck    33,  34 

Lloyd's  Point  Lighthouse 34 

Locust  Valley 32 

Locust     Valley     Reformed 

Church    32 

Lonely  Barn.  The 30 

Long  Beach  Lighthouse 37 

Long  Island.. 14.  17,  IS.  36.  38,  42 
Long  Island  a  Century  Ago...  41 

Long   Island   City 27 

Long  Island  Ferry 20,22 

Long  Island  Population 14.  18 

Long  Island  Sound.. 14,  15,  16.  42 

Long  Island  Tribes 16,  17,  33 

Longknife,    Chief    39 

Lord   Howe's   Headquarters. ..  24 

Losee    House    31 

Love    Island    41 

Lovelace,   Governor    17,41 

Lubbert's  Swamp   28 

Luclni's   Map    38 

Ludlow.    George    Duncan 31 

Luqueer's    Mill     23 

Lusam    33 

Luyster,    Cornelius    28 

Luyster  Farm    28 

Luyster    House    28 

M 

Macutteris     26 

Maereck,   Maereckkaak 16,17 

Maereckkaakwick     16,  17,  21 

Mahlcan     16 

Maidstone     39.40 

Makeopaca    25 

Mallard    Inn     37 

Manchonock    36,40 

Mancy,    Francis    34 

Manetts    16 

Manette     16 

Manetto    Hill    33 

ManhansackaahaquatuwamockSS 

Manhanset    16,    17,    38,    40 

Manhasset 16,    17,    38.    40 

Manhasset    Neck 15.    16.    31 

Manhasset  Village    31 

Manhattan   Borough    43 

Manhattan  Indians    13.  23 

Manhattan   Island. 

16,   20,    28,   41,    43 

Manhattan   Tribe    16 

Manhattans  Rivier •. .  .41 

Manittuwond    38 

Mannahaning    25 


Page 

Manning's  Island    42 

Manor     36 

Manor   of   St.    George 36 

Manors.  The   20 

Manorville    36 

Manowtasquott   37 

Marine  Pavillton   31 

Marospinck   16.  31 

Martense   Family    25 

Martense   House    25 

Martin.   Governor    31 

Marychkenwickingh     16,  17 

Maspeth    28 

Maspeth   Hills    29 

Maspeth  Island   28 

Massapeaque    16,17 

Massapeaque   River    16 

Massapeaque  Tribe  31.  32.  33 

Masters'   Mill    27 

Mastic    36,  37 

Mastic  Neck   36 

Mastic   River    36 

Matinecoc   16 

Matinecoc  Tribe, 

17,   29,   31.   32.   33.   35 

Matinecock   32 

Matinecough   26 

Matouwac    17 

Matouwacs.  The  14.  16.  17 

Matsepe    16 

Mattano    23 

Mattaveno    23 

Mattemay    36 

Mattltuck    37.41 

Mattituck  Creek   37 

Mattltuck  Presbyt.  Church.... 37 

Mattltuck  Village   37 

Maumanum    39 

Mauritius  Rivier  41 

Maurlts  Rivier 41 

McDonald.  Dr 30 

McGee  House   26 

Meadowbrook   31 

Mechowodt    16.  33 

Mecox  Bay    39 

Mecoxe.    Mecocks    39 

Megapolensis.    Rev    25 

Melrose    Hall    25 

Melville    34 

Memanusack     35 

Merosuck    39 

Merrlc,   Merricoke.  .16,  17,   31.   33 

Merrick  Road 37 

Merricks  P.   O 41 

Mespatt    Kills     28 

Meutelaer   Island    26 

Mexico,    ship    31 

Miamegg    39 

Miamogue    39 

Miantacutt    40 

Middelburgh 17.    19,    25,    28 

Middeiwoud 19.  22,  25 

Middle  Neck  Road 15 

Widdleton.    Thomas    3S 

Mlddletown    41 

Middle  Village 29 

Middle  Village  Meth.  Church.. 29 

Midwout    16,   20.   22,    25 

Milford    42 

Militia   of   Province 41 

Militia  of  Kings  County 41 

Mill  Creek 39 

Miller,    Andrew    36 

Miller    House    (Millers    Place)... 36 

Miller  House   (Rosiyn) 31 

Miller  House   (Williainsburgh).27 

Millers   Place    36 

Miller,  William   36 

Mill    Hill    32 

Mills,   The    37 

Miliville    36 

Minasseroke    36 

Minnahanonck    42 

Minnisais    41 

Mispat  Band   16,   17,   28 

Mispat   Kii    28 

Mispat    Settlement    28 

Mitchell.  Dr.  Samuel 31 

Mitchell.  Henry 30 

Mitchell  Homestead 29 

Mitchell  Lighthouse 31 

Moeung    25 

Mohawks    19.  31 

Momoveta    40 

Mongotucksee    39 

Montaigne   Rivier    41 

Montauk  Peninsula    40 

Montauk  Point    40.43 

Montauk  Tribe   14,  16.  17.  40 

Montfort.  Jan 17 


Page 

Montfort.   Pleter    17 

Montressor  Island 42 

Montrose  Village    31 

Moody.    Lady  Deborah 24,  25 

Moore  Houses 28 

Moore.  Rev.  John 28 

Moriches 36,  37,  41 

Morris,   Lewis 32 

Mosquetah   32 

Mount  Misery 36 

Mount  Prospect 38 

Mount   Sinai    36 

Mowbray.  John    35 

Muhlenburgh,  Dr 30 

Mulf ord  House 37 

Munnawtawklt    38 

Murray  Hill    30 

Musketo   Cove    32 

Musgytte    Hool    26 

Mystic   River    36 

N 

Nachaquatuck    33 

Naleck     23 

Napier    24 

Narra&ansett  River   36 

Karraganset  Tribe 14.  40 

Narrasketuck   34 

Narrows.  The 16.  24,  41 

Nassau    17 

Nassau   County    18.  4  3 

Nassau  Ferry   23 

Nassau   Rivier    41 

Nasseconsack    35 

Navy  Yard    17.  23 

Nayack   17,  23 

Nayack  Indians 23 

Neapeague   40 

Near  Rockaway 30,  31 

Near       Rockaway       Methodist 

Church     31 

Xecommack   36 

Needham    41 

Nesaquake 16,  17,  33.  34.  35 

Netherlands    20 

New  Amsterdam 20.  21 

Newark    4  2 

Newark    Bay    42 

New    Arnheim    28 

New   Bridge   31 

New    Brooklyn   22 

New  England  Colonies.  .18.  36,  39 
(Tribes  14.) 

New  Ferry.   The 22 

New    Haven    Colony, 

18,    33,    34,    36.    37 

New    London    3S 

New  Lots  Church 26 

New   Lots  Population 20 

New   Lots   Town... .16,    19,   20,    25 

New   Lots  Town   Hall 26 

New  Lots  Village 25 

New  Lotts  of  Bushwlck 27 

New    Lotts    of    Flatbush 25 

New    Market    31 

New    Mills   35 

New  Netherland  ...14,  17,   18,  20 
Newtown    Creek....  19,    26,    27,    28 

Newtown    Dutch    Church 28 

Newtown   Presbt'n   Church 28 

Newtown    P.    E.    Church 28 

Newtown    Town, 

16.   17.   IS,   19.   20,   27.   28.   41 

Newtown  Village   18,    41 

New   Utrecht    Church 24 

New    Utrecht   Population, 

20,    24,    40.    41 
New   Utrecht  Town. 

16.    17,    19,    20.     23.    41 
New   Utrecht  Village.. 19,    21,    23 

Newwark    29 

New   Tork   City 43 

New  York.    Colony  of.  .  .18,  37,  40 

New  York,   County  of 40,  41 

New  York  Ferry 23 

New   York   Harbor,    Map  of....  41 

New   York.    Province    of 18 

New  York.  State  of 43 

Niarauck   39 

Nieuw   Am^ersfoort 19,    20,    26 

Nieuw    Amsterdam. 20,    41 

Nieuwe   Dorp 23,    24,    42 

Nieuw  Nederland 41 

Nicolls,   Col.   Richard 18,  24 

Nicolls,  Governor...   24,  31.  34.   38 

Nicolls.    Matthias 34,    35 

Nicolls   River 35 

Nicolls.   William 35 

Ninlgret    34 


Page 

Nlssequogue     35 

Nlssequogue   River 34.    35 

Nlssequogue    South    Farm    35 

Nomlnick     Hill 40 

Nonowantuck    36 

Noorman's  K!l    27 

Noort    Kil.    de 42 

Noort    Rivier.    de 41 

Noort    West    Kil 42 

Nooten   Eylandt 26,   41 

North    Brooklyn    22 

North   Dumpling   Lighthouse.  .38 

Northfleet    37 

North   Hempstead 30,   41 

North  Hempstead,  pop.  31,  41.  43 

North    Neck    40 

Northport    84 

North    Riding 18.    31 

North     River     41 

North  Sea   39 

Northwest    40.    41 

Norwich     32 

Nowedonah    39.    40 

Noyac      40 

O 

Oakland  Cemetery    40 

Oaklands    26 

Oak  Neck 32,  35 

Occombamack   Neck    37 

Oester   Baal    32 

Oester  Eylandt    41 

Ohio,  Ship 39 

Old    Bouwery.    the 24 

Old   Brickhouse,    the 83 

Old   Bushwlck   Road 27 

Old  Farm,  the 28 

Old    Fields    Point 87 

Old  Fields   Lighthouse 37 

Old  Man's    36 

Old       Man's.       Congregational 

Church    36 

Old   Man's  Harbor 36 

Old  Newtown  Road 28 

Old    Place.    The    16 

Old   Woodpolnt   Road 26 

Olympic    S5 

Onderdonck.  Henry   31 

Onek  House    39 

Onek  Point   39 

Oost  Rivier,  de 42 

Oostwout 25 

Oquenock     35 

Orange   County    40 

Orient      37 

Orient  Point 37 

Orient  Village    37 

Orlwie  Creek    35 

Oriwie  Lake   35 

Osborne    House    40 

Oude   Dorp    42 

Ouse     18 

Oyster  Bank 42 

Oyster  Bay 32,  39 

Oyster  Bay.  First  Baptist 

Church    32 

Oyster  Bay.  population .  33,   41,  43 
Oyster  Bay  Town. 

17.    18.    31,    32.    33,    41 

Oyster  Bay  Village 32,  41 

Oyster  Island    42 

Oyster  Ponds   37 

Oyster   Ponds,    fort   at 38 

Oyster  Ponds  Point 38 

Oyster  Ponds  Village 41 


Paggauck     41 

Palmer  House    28 

PapermiU  on  Oriwie  Lake 35 

Papermill  Rosiyn    31 

Parkvlile    25 

Passquesset     38 

Passaic  River 42 

Patchoag 16,    35,    36.    37 

Patchogue    37,    41 

Patchogue  Church    37 

Paterquos    38 

Patmos,  Isle  of 38 

Patroons    20 

Paulus   Hoeck    42 

Paumanack    16,   17 

Pauquacumsuck     39 

Pauwe   Baal    42 

Pavonia 20,  42 

Payne   Boyhood   Home 40 

Payntar  family   28 

Peck  Slip  Ferry 20 

Peconic  Bay 37,   38,   39 


Eagle  Library— GENERAL   INDEX 


47 


Page 

Peconlc  Creek    3S,   41 

Peconlc  Mills 38,   41  j 

Pelletreau  house   39 

Pembroke     32 

Penawitz.   Penhawis 16,    21 

Penfold  Family    2S 

Pennoyer.    Robert    24 

Perth  Amboy   42 

Philip  Gerardse    28 

Pine    Island     24 

Pine   Lands    16 

Pine   Region    1" 

Piping    Rock    Farm 32 

Place,    the    32 

Plandome     31 

Plum  Gut 3S 

Plum  Island 16.  37,   38,   41 

Plum    Island    Lighthouse 38 

Pluym    Gate    38 

Plymouth    Company.    The 17 

Poggatacut    40 

Point  Say-Brook 36 

Polhemus  Estate    28 

Polhemus.    Theodorus    27 

Political  Division  of  the 

Island    IS 

Pompumo     39 

PonQUogue  Neck    39 

Poor    Bowery    28 

Poor   Farm    28 

Poosepatuck 36,  S7 

Population  of  Colony  of  N.  Y.  .40 
Population  of  Long  Island. 

40.   41.   43 
Population  of  New  Netherland. 

14.  40 

Poquatuck    37 

Poquot     36 

Port  Jefferson    36 

Port  Jefferson  Harbor 36 

Port  May    41 

Port    Washington    31 

Post  Road 24 

Pot    Cove     2S 

Powell's  Creek 34 

Powell.  Thomas 33 

Praa,    Captain   Peter 28 

Prospect   Hill    25 

Provoost    House     27 

Pruym  Eyland   38 


Quaker    Burying    (iround 29 

Quaker  Meeting  House, 

Manhasset    31 

Quaker  Meeting  House. 

Maspeth    29 

Quaker  Meeting  House, 

Westbury    31 

Quandoequareus    28 

Quantuck  Bay    39 

Quawnotiwock    40 

Queen    Anne    31 

Queen  Caroline  36 

Queens  30 

Queens   Borough    43 

Queens  County. 

14,    16,    17.    IS.    19.    30.    41 
Queens  County  Population, 

IS,   40.   41,   43 

Queens  Court   41 

Queens   Village    34 

Quinnipiack     36 

Quogue    39 


Race.   The    38 

Race  Point    38 

Rams    Head    38 

Rams    Island    40 

Randall's    Island    16,    42 

Rapalje  house.   Jacob 28 

Rapalje  Mansion  (Brooklyn)  ..  23 
Rapalje  Tavern  (Bushwick) .  .  27 
Rapelje  house  (New  Lots)....  26 
Rapelje  Mansion   (Newtown) ..  28 

Ratlocan    34 

Ravenswood    17,  28 

Ravenswood  Poorfarm    28 

Ray  nor.   Edward    31 

Raynorstown 31 

Rechhou whacky    16.  30 

Rechtauk    41 

Red  Heights    21 

Red   Hook    (Brooklyn) ..  17.  21.  26 

Red    Hook    (Huntington) 34 

Red  Hook  Mill 23 


Page 

Remsen.    Abraham    29 

Remsen,   Jeromus    29 

Remsen   Mill    23 

Renselaerwijck     20,  35 

Rhode  Island 21,  32 

Richmond   Borough    43 

Richmond  County 18,  40,  41 

Rldgewood    27 

Ridings.  The 18 

Riker  House    28 

Riker's   Island    28 

Rinnegaconck    16.  17,  21 

Rising    Sun    Tavern    25 

Riverhead    37 

Riverhead  Courthouse  &  Jail.. 37 
Riverhead  Population  ...  39.  41,  43 

Riverhead    Town 17,37,38.41 

Riverhead  Village    38,41 

River  Indians 24 

River,    The    41 

Rivier  Achter   Kol 42 

Rivier  Hellegat    42 

Robbins  Reef    42 

Robins    Island    37.  38 

Rockaway    band    16 

Rockaway   Bay    16,  30 

Rockaway    Beach    31 

Rockaway    Inlet     30 

Rockaway  Tribe 17.    28,    30 

Rockaway  Village 41 

Rock  Hall   31 

Rocky    Point     37 

Rodenbergh    36 

Rodman.    Dr 30 

Roe    Hotel    (Patehogue) 37 

Roe    house    (Port   Jefferson)  ...  36 

Ronkonkoma  Pond 31,  35 

Roode   Hoek.   't 21,  22 

Roode  Hoogtles 21 

Roslyn   PapermlU    31 

Roslyn    FlourmlU    31 

Roslyn  Village 31 

Round  Island    28 

Rouse,    Thomas    38 

Rumford.    Count    34 

Rutger,  Josten    23 

Rustdorp    '. 30 

Rycken,  Abraham 28 

Rycken,    Gysbert    '. 28 

Rycken,  Hendrick 28 

Ryder's  Pond    25 


Sabonock    36 

Saccut    31 

Sachem's  Hole    40 

Sackett.   Judge  Joseph 29 

Sackhigneyah     28 

Saggaponock    39 

Sagg  Pond    39 

Sag  Harbor 35.  40.  41 

Saghtekoos    35 

Salisbury   Plains    31 

Salt   Bay    30,  41 

Sammis   Hotel    31 

Sampawam's  Neck   34 

Sampawam's  Village    34 

Sandforfs  Point    28 

Sand's  Point    31 

Sands  Point   Lighthouse.  ..  16,  31 
Sanfort,    Chancellor   Nathan...  30 

Sanfort    Hall    30 

Sandy   Hook    41 

Saphorakan    17 

Sappohanicke     41 

Say  and  Seal,   Lord 36 

Say  Brook    36 

Sayfietd      36 

Sayville     36 

Sayre  House    39 

Schenck        Homestead        (New 

Lots)    26 

Schenck  House,  Jan  Martense.26 

Schenck's  Mill    27 

Schermerhorn  Mansion 23 

Schryers  Hook 25 

Schumacher's  Hotel    29 

Schutters"   Eylandt    42 

Scott.    Major   John 18 

Seal    Islands     35,  36 

Seatalcott     34,  35 

Seatalcutt  South    36 

Seatuck   Cove 39 

Sea   View    House 40 

Secatoag 16,   17,  33,   34,  35 

Secaucus     42 

Sequatogue    Neck    35 

Sessions  House  of  West  Riding. 20 


Page 

Setauket    16 

Setauket  Church    36 

Setauket   Gristmill    36 

Setauket   Harbor    36 

Setauket  Town    36 

Setauket  Town  Hall 36 

Setauket   Tribe 17,    33,    36 

Setauket  Village   36,  41 

Sevilla     36 

Sewan      17 

Sewanhacky    17 

Seysey,    Seiseu    - 17,  23 

Shanscomacocke     26 

Shatemuck     41 

Sheepshead   Bay    25 

Shellmoney      17 

Shelter  Island 16.   35.   37.   39 

Shelter    Island    Population. 

3S.  41.  43 

Shelter  Island  Sound 40 

Shelter  Island  Town. 

17,   18,   37.    38,   41 

Shinacock    40 

Shinnecock   Bay    39 

Shinnecock  Creek 39 

Shinnecock  Hills    39 

Shinnecock  Lighthouse    39 

Shinnecock  Neck    39 

Shinnecock   Reservation    39 

Shinnecock   Tribe 17,    39.    40 

Shoobrook    32 

Shooters    Island     42 

Sichteyhacky     36 

Silver   Lake    39 

Simcoe.    Col 32 

Sinderman,  Matthew   32 

Sinnecox     16.  17.  39 

Sintsink    (Hempstead)  .  16,    17.    31 

Sintsink    (Newtown)    17 

Sisakus    42 

Skillman  House  (Bushwick)  ...  27 

Skill  man    House    (Roslyn) 31 

Skookwams  Neck   35 

Slangenbergh    42 

Sloops   Bay    26 

Smith,    Col.    William 36,37 

Smith.    Epenetus    35 

Smith  Family  Burial  Place  ....  36 

Smith  Farm,  Dan 31 

Smithfield     35 

Smith,    Richard.  Jr 34 

Smith's  Island    28 

Smith's    Point     36 

Smith.    Tangier    36 

Smithtown  Bay    36 

Smithtown  Branch 35 

Smithtown  Population.  35,  41.  43 
Smithtown  Presbyt.  Church...  35 
Smithtown  Town, 

IS.   33.    34,   35.   41 

Smithtown  Village   35 

Smith.  William  Floyd 37 

Smit's     vly,     de 20 

Snake    Hill    28,  42 

Sohquompuo    14,  15 

South    Brooklyn    22 

South   Greenfield    25 

Southampton    Bay    39 

Southampton   Church    39 

Southampton  Plantation, 

17.  36,  39 
Southampton    Population. 

39.    40,    41.    43 
Southampton    Town. .18,  36,  39.  41 

Southampton  Village 39,41 

South    Haven    36,  37 

South   Hempstead    30 

Southold  Church    37 

Southold  Jail    37 

Southold  Plantation.  . .  .17,  37,  40 
Southold   Population. 38,  40,  41,  43 

Southold    Town 18,37,38.41 

Southold  Village    37,  41 

South  Plantation    39 

South    Wllliamsburgh    27 

Southton     36 

I  Souwassett    36 

Souwenos    16,  17 

]  Sowanohke    ic,  17 

Springfield    30,  33 

Spring  Hill  Farm 30 

i  Squaw   Islands    33 

j  St.    Andre ws-by-the-Dunes 39 

I  St.  George  Church  ^(Flushing) .  29 
\  St.      George     Church      (Hemp- 

j      stead)    31 

St.   George   Manor  House 36 

St.   George's   Manor 36,  37.  41 

St.    John's     Episcopal    Church 
(Huntington)     34 


Page 

St.     John's     Episcopal     Church 

(Islip)      35 

St.    Paul's    College 30 

St.    Ronan's   Well 28 

Staaten    Eylandt    42 

Staten  Island.l6.  17,  18.  19,  20,  23 

Staten    Island   Sound 42 

Statistics    40 

Stephen,    Chief     40 

Sterling,    Dowager    of 17 

Sterling,    William.   Earl   of, 

17,  31,  38 

Sterling  Village    37,  41 

Stevens   House    28 

Stevens    Point    28 

Stevenson.    Thomas    28 

Stillwell    Family    24 

Stillwell    House    25 

Stonington    38 

Stony  Brook    35,  36.  41 

Stooten   Eylandt    16,  42 

Story    Homestead    25 

Strand,    The    26 

Stratton.   Eliphalet 30 

Strattonport    30 

Strong's    Neck    36 

Stroom   Kil 26 

Strycker  House  (Flatbush)  . . . .25 
Strycker  House  (Gravesend) .  .25 
Stuyvesant,    Director   General, 

14,   20.   26,    32,   41 

Suanhacky     16,  17 

Success    31 

Success  Pond    31 

Suffolk  County 16.    17.    18,    41 

Suffolk  County  Population, 

18.   40  41.   43 
Suffolk   Courthouse   &  Jail. .39,  41 

Suffolk   Freeholders    41 

Summers    House    32 

Sunderland,    Matthew    32 

Sunnyside     28 

Sunsquam's  Village    34 

Sunswick    28 

Sunswick  Creek 28 

Susconomen     32 

Susco's  Wigwam 32 

Suydam     Ditmas   Mansion 25 

Suydam    House     27 

Sweet  Hollow    34 

Syosset      32,  33 

Sylvester,    Brinley    38 

Sylvester.    Constant    38 

Sylvester,    Giles    35 

Sylvester   House    38 

Sylvester,    Nathaniel    38 

Sylvester's  Island    38 


Takapousha    17.  32 

Talbot  Island    42 

Tangier     Smith    36 

Taxable  Valuation   of  Towns, 

20.    41 

Taylor,   John    32 

Tenkenas    42 

Terhune.   Judge   Isaac 25 

Terry's  Gristmill 37 

Terry.    Thomas    32 

Tew's    Neck    30 

Thompson 14,    21,    38 

Thompson,   George    32 

Thompson    House    31 

Thompson,  James 32 

Three    Mile    Harbor 40 

Three   Plantations,    The.l7.  37,  39 

Throgg's  Neck    30 

Titus.    Francis    29 

Tobaccus.    Sachem    37 

Tonneman.    Schout    23 

Topping.    Thomas    39 

Towns.  The 18.  40 

Townsend  House   (Oyster  Bay). 32 
Townsend  House   (Port  Jeffer- 
son)      36 

Townsend.  Thomas 33 

Treadwell's  Bank    35 

Turtle    Hill    40 

Tyler   Homestead    40 

Tymen  Jansen    16.  28 

U 

Ulster   County    40,  41 

Unamie  Tribe 42 

Uncohoug     36 

Underhlll.  Captain  John 32 

Union  Hall  Academy 80 

Unlonville     25 

Unkechaug    16,    17,    23 

Ure    18 


48 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Page 

V 

Valentine  House    31 

Van    Corlear    23 

Van  Cortlandt,   Stephen 35 

Vanderbilt.    John     29 

Van  der  Donck 17,  28,  42 

Van  der  Donck's  Map, 

19,    23.    38,    39 

Vanderveer  Farmhouse 29 

Vanderveer  Homestead 25 

Van  Duyn  Hill 29 

Van  Duyn.  Willem    29 

Van  Pelt  House  (Newtown) ..  .28 

Van  Pelt  Manor  House 24 

Van  Rensellaer.  Anna 35 

Van  Rensellaer  Family 35 

Van  Rensellaer,  KlUian   35 

Van  Ruyven.  Cornells 25 

Van     Slclen     House      (Graves- 
end)     25 

Van  Siclen  House   (New  Lots).  26 

Van   Tienhoven.   Cornells 21 

Van  Twlller.  Wouter 17,  26,  41 

Van  Twiller's  Flat 26 

Van  Werckhoven.   Cornells. ,.  .23 

Van    Zandt.    Wynandt    30 

Varcken    Eylandt    42 

Vechte-Cortelyou  House 23 

Veer,  het   19.  22 

Verbrande    Meulen,    de 41 

Vernon  Valley    34 

Vlsschers'  Eylandt   38 

Vlaeck,  't 25 

Vlakke  Bos,  't 22,  25 

Vlakke   Land    26 

Vlissingen     29 


w 


Wading  Brook   39 

Wading  River.  .  .'. 36.39,41 


Page 

Walnscott   40,  41 

Walboght    19,20.21,2a 

Wallabout    21,  22 

Wallabout  Village 16 

Wampmlsslc      27 

Wampum    17 

Wandell,  Thomas   28 

Wandewenock   27 

Wanequaheag    35 

Wantagh    27 

Wapplnger  Tribe 16 

Ward's  Island   16,  17.  42 

Warwick,  Earl  of 36 

Washington.    George. 31,  32,  37,  40 

Washington   House    2S 

Watermill    39 

Waterside,  The    17,  28 

Wawepex    33 

Webb  Farm 37 

Wecquaeskeek    16 

Weehawk,   Weehawken    42 

Werah   32 

Werpos   21 

West  Brooklyn 22 

Westbury    31,  33 

Westchester  County 40,  41 

West  Deer  Park   34 

Western   Tribes    17 

Westhampton   39,  41 

West  Hills 34 

West   India   Company. 

17,  18,  19,  20,  22,  32 

West  Island    32 

West   Neck    34 

West    Riding    18,20,24 

West  Setauket   36 

Whaley  House   27 

Wheelers    35 

White  Farm,  The 29 


Page 
Whitehead.  Major  Daniel. 

28.    32.    33.    35 

Whltestone    • 30 

Whitney.    Daniel    3? 

Whitman  Homstead 34 

Whitman,  Israel   35 

Wight.  Isle  of   36.  40 

Willett.   Richard    35 

Willett,   Thomas    36 

Williams,    Robert    32,  33 

Wllllamsburgh     and     Jamaica 

Turnpike    29 

Wllllamsburgh  City 19,  20,  27 

Wllllamsburgh   Ferries    27 

vVllllamsburgh  Fountain  Inn..  27 
Wllllamsburgh  Methodist  Meet- 
ing  House    26 

Wllllamsburgh  Town   20.27 

Wllllamsburgh  Village.  .19.  27.  43 

Wlmbaccoe    26 

Windsor  Terrace   25 

Wlnganhauppauge  Creek   35 

WInthrop.   Gov.  John,  ...17,  36,  38 

Wltte  Klip,   de    30 

Wolphert  Gerretsen    26 

Wolver   Hollow    32 

Wolver  Hollow  Ref.  Church..,  32 

Woodbrldge    «,.,42 

Woodbury    33 

Wood.   Edmond   35 

Wood  House.  Silas   34 

Woodhull.  Gen 23.  80 

Wood,  Jonas 36 

Woodpolnt   26 

Wood.  Silas 14 

^'ood.  Timothy   35 

Woolsey.   Rev.   Benjamin 32 

Woolsey  Burial  Places 32 

Woolsey  Estate   32 


Page 

Woolsey  Family    32 

Woolsey  Farm 28 

Woolsey  House  (Oyster  Bay).  32 
Woolsey  Mansion  (Newtown) .  .28 

Wowopog   36 

Wright.  Edmund 32 

Wyandance,    Wyandanch. 

17.  33.  84 

Wyckoft  Farm 27 

Wyckoff  Homestead 25 

Wyckofr  House  (Bushwlck) ...  27 
Wyckoft  House  (Gravesend) .  .25 
Wyckofr  House   (New  Lots)... 26 

Wyckoft.  Pleter  Claea 26 

Wyllls.    Samuel    38 

Y 

Yaphank   36 

Te  Anchorage  Inn    37 

Tellow    Hook    21.22 

Yellow  Hook  Mill   23 

Yennecock    37 

Ye  olde  Canoe  Place  Inn 39 

Yonkers    16 

Yonkers  Island    28.  29 

York    18 

York.    Duke   of 17,   18.    42 

Yorkshire     18 

Youngs  Burial  Place 82 

TounKS  House    (Oyster  Bar).. 32 

Youngs  House    (Southold) 37 

Youngs.  Rev.  John   37 

Youngs,  Thomas   32 

z 

Zabrlskle  Homestead 25 

Zant  Hoeck 41 

Zeewant    17 

Zout   Zee    30,41 

Zwaanendal    20 


i^^i^^«^^^^^^^^W^V^S/VS«V^'^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^>^^^^^^^^^'>^^^^^^^^^^^^«^^^^^'^ 


THE  EAGLE  is  the  recognized  authority  for  Long 
Island  news.  Constant  effort  is  made  to  strengthen 
its  service.  Branch  offices  and  staff'  employees  are  main- 
tained throughout  the  Island.  No  newspaper  in  the 
United  States  covers  its  territory  so  thoroughly  as  The 
Eagle. 

This  Library  number  is  one  of  a  series  of  annual 
publications  that  are  found  invaluable  to  subscribers. 
The  Eagle  Almanac  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  ref- 
erence book  of  its  kind.  No  home  or  office  library  is 
complete  without  a  copy. 

The  Eagle  was  founded  in  1841,  and  the  first  edition 
of  the  paper  was  printed  on  the  third  floor  of  39  Fulton 
street,  on  October  26.  On  October  26,  1911,  The  Eagle 
celebrated  its  seventieth  anniversary,  and  was  in  receipt 
of  a  most  remarkable  series  of  tributes  from  public  men, 
journalists,  business  men  and  newspapers,  as  well  as 
readers  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

Visitors  are  welcome  at  The  Eagle  Building  at  all 
times.  New  improvements  and  additions  are  being  made 
at  the  present  time,  in  accordance  with  the  dominant 
purpose  of  making  it  the  most  completely  equipped 
newspaper  plant  m  the  United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


49 


DAYTON  HEDGES 


As  an  example  of  a  self-made 
man,  Dayton  Hedges  of  Pat- 
chogue  occupies  a  unique  position. 
By  his  own  efforts  Mr.  Hedges  has 
risen  from  a  lifesaver  to  one  of 
the  leading  business  men  of  Pat- 
chogue  and  to  the  head  of  the 
largest  asphalt  concern  in  the 
United  States,  besides  having  held 
many  political  honors. 

Mr.  Hedges  was  born  at  Bridge- 
hampton.  L.  I.,  in  1885,  the  son  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathan  .0.  Hedges, 
one  of  the  oldest  families  on  Long 
Island.  The  house  in  which  he  was 
born  is  said  to  be  the  oldest  house 
in  New  York  State.  It  is  a  fa- 
mous landmark  and  an  object  of 
much  interest  to  thousands  of 
tourists  each  year. 

Mr.  Hedges  received  his  early 
education  in  public  schools.  When 
a  young  lad  he  went  with  his  par- 
ents to  Centre  Moriches,  where 
they  took  over  the  Moriches  Inn, 
a  retreat  for  summer  vacationists. 
Later  they  came  to  Patchogue  and 
ran  the  Mascot  House,  a  famous 
shore  resort. 

As  a  young  man,  Mr.  Hedges 
had  a  love  for  adventure,  and  one 
of  his  first  outsets  in  life  was  that 
of  a  lifesaver  at  the  United  States 
Lifesaving  Station  on  Great  South 
Beach,  opposite  Patchogue.  He  has 
had  some  thrilling  experiences  in 
that  position. 

In  1907  Mr.  Hedges  left  his  life 
of  adventure  on  the  beach  and  re- 
turned to  Patchogue,  where  he  en- 


gaged in  the  coal  and  feed  business 
under  his  own  name.  He  was  very 
successful.  Last  year  his  company 
was  incorporated  as  the  Patchogue 
Coal  and  Feed  Company.  He  was 
married  in  1907  to  Mary  Elizabeth 
McCormick,  daughter  of  the  late 
James  H.  McCormick,  a  well- 
known  horseman,  who  died  in  Ber- 
lin two  years  ago. 

Even  when  only  a  boy  Mr. 
Hedges  became  interested  in  poli- 
tics, and  the  year  he  became  of  age 
found  him  a  candidate  for  assessor 
of  the  Town  of  Brookhaven  on  the 
Democratic  ticket.  He  was  de- 
feated by  a  narrow  majority. 

In  1909.  when  he  was  only  24 
years  old,  he  ran  for  supervisor 
of  the  Town  of  Brookhaven,  and 
was  successful  in  turning  the  nor- 
mally Republican  town  into  a 
sweeping  Democratic  victory  for 
himself.  Two  years  later,  in  1911, 
he  was  renominated  and  re-elected. 
He  declined  a  renomination  for  a 
third   term   in    1913.     As   a   cam- 


paigner he  has  an  unparalleled 
reputation,  possessing  the  unusual 
ability  to  win  friends  and  support- 
ers from  all   factions  and  parties. 

Mr.  Hedges  was  largely  talked 
of  as  a  candidate  for  Congress  in 
1912,  and  he  was  urged  by  many  of 
his  party  leaders  to  make  the  run, 
but  he  declined  a  nomination, 
wishing  for  the  time  to  be  relieved 
of  political  worries  on  account  of 
the  stress  of  business.  He  had  re- 
cently formed  the  Dayton  Hedges 
Asphalt  Company  in  New  York 
City,  and  was  engaged  with  large 
street  contracts  in  the  metropolis. 

This  company  has  just  been  in- 
corporated as  the  Municipal  As- 
phalt Company,  with  Mr.  Hedges 
at  the  head,  and  it  is  said  to  be 
the  largest  concern  of  its  kind  in 
the  United  States. 

Through  his  political  and  busi- 
ness connections,  Mr.  Hedges  has 
a  large  acquaintance  throughout 
New  York  State.  He  is  a  congenial 
man,  who  never  fails  to  make  a 
friend.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  orders,  the  Elks  and  sev- 
eral other  lodges.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Athletic 
Club,  the  Transportation  Club  and 
others.  He  is  a  director  in  several 
banks  and  institutions. 

Mr.  Hedges'  office  is  at  1451 
Broadway,  New  York  City,  and  his 
home  is  on  North  Ocean  avenue, 
Patchogue.  He  has  two  children, 
James  Dayton  Hedges,  5  years  old, 
and  Burke  Osborn  Hedges,  3  years. 


50 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN   OF    LONG    ISLAND 


HENRY  P.  KEITH 

Henry  P.  Keith  of  Hempstead  is  a  tempts  he  became  recognized  as  the  I  gressman  secured  the  nomination, 
unique  and  spectacular  figure  in  the  '  real  leader  of  the  Democracy  of  Nassau  1  Owing  to  this  friendship  Mr.  Keith  has 
civic  life  of  Nassau  County.  No  man  County  and  every  year  there  has  been  I  been  able  to  secure  his  hold  on  the 
has  a  more  loyal  foUovifing  and  no  man  I  a  useless  and  futile  attempt  to  wrest  i  leadership  and  to  bestow  a  number  of 


is  more  greatly  admired  than  he  by  his !  this  title  from  him.    He  was  recognized 
political  opponents.    He  is  at  the  pres-  ]  as  an  ally  of  the  Tammany  machme  of 


post  office  appointments.     Mr.   Keith 
was    formerly   counsel     to     the    State 


ent  time  counsel  to  the  Board  of  Super- 


Manhattan,  but  two  years  ago,  at  the  I  Controller  in  Nassau  County,  but  re- 


visors  of  Nassau  County  and  is  the  rep- '  earnest  solicitation  of  his  many  Demo-  signed  from  that  office  to  become 
resenfative  of  Suffolk  and  Nassau  cratic  friends  he  threw  down  the  gaunt-  i  counsel  to  the  Board  of  Supervisors. 
Counties  in  the  Democratic  State  Com-  j  let  of  war  to  the  Tammany  leaders  and  J  He  is  a  lawyer     of  keen  acumen  and 

mittee.    Although  a  young  man,  he  has  I  has  absolutely  divorced  the  party  ma- '  his  services  to  the  Hempstead  Village 

i 

been  the  leader  in  the  Democratic  i  chinery  of  Nassau  County  from  the  Board  will  be  remembered  for  the 
party  of  Nassau  County  for  the  past  Tammany  interests.  The  representa-  j  soundness  of  his  advice,  when  the 
decade.  He  is  a  native  of  Brooklyn,  i  tive  of  the  Democratic  party  in  the !  sewer  system  was  being  inaugurated, 
but  has  lived  in  Hempstead  Village  |  State  Committee  was  former  Senator  I  Although  his  numerous  political  activi- 
ever  since  his  boyhood.  He  is  a  law- 
yer by  profession.  His  early  profes- 
sional career  is  interesting.  He  was 
one  of  the  trial  lawyers  for  the  Brook- 
lyn Rapid  Transit  Company  and  it  was 
here  that  he  learned  those  qualities 
which  fitted  him  for  the  leadership  of 
men.  As  a  boy  he  was  employed  in 
the  office  of  former  Lieutenant  Gov- 


Edward  Bailey  of  Patchogue,  a  recog- 1  ties  necessitate  his  frequent  absence 
nized  Tammany  ally.  Notice  was  served  from  his  office  and  home,  he  devotes  a 
on  the  Suffolk  County  resident  that  his  '  great  portion  of  his  time  to  the  prac- 
seat  was  to  be  contested  by  the  anti-  tjce  of  his  profession  and  enjoys  a 
Tammany  faction.  It  was  thought  that  i  i^^gg  gj,j  lucrative  practice.  He  is  a 
the  position  of  former  Senator  Bailey  :  j^gg,,  student  and  is  known  as  an  om- 
was  impregnable,  but  despite  the  over-   j^j^gfous  reader.     At  the  election  this 


whelming  odds  Mr.  Keith  became  the 
candidate  and  when  the  votes  in   the 


ernor  Sheehan,  with  whom  he  became   convention  were  canvassed  the  Nassau 
very  intimate.    Upon  his  attaining  the 
age  of  21    he  attempted  to  seize  the 
party  machinery  and  was  but  barely 


defeated.  It  was  during  this  campaign 
that  he  secured  the  title  of  "boy 
orator,"  a  name  that  has  been  applied 
to  him  ever  since.     After  several  at- 


fall  he  will  play  an  important  part  and 
at  this  early  time  he  is  holding  confer- 
ences with  the  end  that  there  shall  be 


County  leader  was  declared  the  winner.  ]  j^^^^^^ny  in  the  Democratic  party.  He 
Ever  since  that  time  he  has  been  the  !  ^g^ygs  ;„  Hempstead  Village  on  Fulton 
recognized  leader  on  Long  Island  of  I  ^^^^^^  ^jjj^  j^jg  {^^[\y  [^  a  large,  old- 


the  anti-Tammany  faction.  He  is  a 
great  personal  friend  of  Congressman 
Lathrop  Brown  and  it  was  through  the 
activities  of  Mr.  Keith  that  the  Con- 


fashioned  mansion,  where  he  may  be 
seen  evenings  with  his  beloved  books. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


51 


GEORGE  H.  FURMAN 


George  H.  Furman  of  Pat- 
chogue,  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
the  Suffolk  County  Bar,  is  a  man 
whose  name  will  figure  in  the 
political  history  of  the  county  as 
passing  time  will  make  that  his- 
tory valuable.  Not  only  as  a 
lawyer  of  prominence,  but  as  a 
public  servant  of  various  offices, 
will  Mr.  Furman  be  known. 

Born  in  Brooklyn,  the  son  of 
Joel  N.  and  Sarah  Homan  Fur- 
man, he  has  a  claim  to  member- 
ship in  one  of  the  oldest  of  Long 
Island  families.  Furman  street, 
in  Brooklyn,  is  named  after  his 
branch  of  the  Furman  family. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of 
the  Revolution,  his  forefathers 
having  taken  part  in  the  strife 
for  liberty  in  1776. 

Like  many  other  self-made 
men,  Mr.  Furman's  early  life 
was  given  up  to  school  teaching. 
Following  his  academic  educa- 
tion, he  engaged  as  a  teacher, 
and  was  principal  of  several 
schools  on  Long  Island,  his  last 
being  at  Brookhaven  near  his 
present  home.  As  a  pedagogue 
his  success  can  be  best  measured 
by  the  fact  that  during  his  last 
year  at  Brookhaven,  he  was  of- 
fered the  principalship  of  River- 
head  High  School,  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  paying  schools 
on  Long  Island. 

But   Mr.    Furman   had   other 


views  in  mind.  He  had  always 
had  a  leaning  toward  the  law, 
and  that  fall  he  entered  law 
school  at  Columbia  University, 
New  York  City.  Four  years 
later,  in  June,  1893,  he  gradu- 
ated with  honors,  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  May, 
1893,  shortly  before  his  gradua- 
tion. 

Mr.  Furman  took  up  his  prac- 
tice in  Suffolk  County,  where  he 
had  been  successful  as  a  teacher, 
and  where  he  had  many  friends. 
He  soon  built  up  a  large  prac- 
tice, among  his  clients  being 
some  of  the  most  prominent  peo- 
ple of  Suffolk.  He  gained  an 
enviable  reputation,  not  only  for 
his  broad  and  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  the  law,  but  also  for  his 
ability  as  a  pleader  and  a  cross- 
examiner. 

After  holding  several  minor 
honorary   offices,   Mr.   Furman 


was  elected  District  Attorney  of 
Suffolk  County  in  1905,  taking 
office  on  January  1,  1906.  In 
1908  he  was  re-elected  by  a  large 
majority  and  served  until  Janu- 
ary 1,  1912. 

As  District  Attorney,  Mr. 
Furman  made  a  record  for  the 
large  number  of  convictions,  but 
he  also  gained  popularity  among 
the  people  of  the  county  for  his 
fairness  as  a  prosecutor,  always 
working  in  the  ends  of  Justice, 
but  scorning  the  opportunity  to 
build  a  personal  reputation  at 
the  sacrifice  of  the  guiltless.  On 
the  other  hand,  however,  he  was 
a  relentless  and  uncompromising 
antagonist  of  the  real  criminal. 

In  the  fall  of  1912  Mr.  Fur- 
man was  the  Republican  candi- 
date for  County  Judge.  The 
Progressive  split  in  the  party 
defeated  him,  but  he  polled  a 
flattering  vote,  considering  the 
odds  against  him,  running  far 
ahead  of  the  rest  of  his  ticket. 

Six  years  ago  Mr.  Furman 
married  Margaret  Conklin, 
daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith 
W.  Conklin  of  Patchogue.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Furman  have  one  son, 
named  after  his  father. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
and  other  fraternities.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Patchogue  Vol- 
unteer Fire  Department  in  which 
he  takes  a  great  interest. 


52 


Kagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


Mr.  Daniel  J.  Hegeman,  treasurer  of 
Nassau  County,  is  now  serving  the 
fourth  year  of  his  second  term,  and  is 


DANIEL  J.  HEGEMAN 

Savings  Bank  and  takes  an  active  in- ;  oldest  son,  George  D.,  resides  on  the 
terest  in  all  affairs  pertaining  to  Nassau'  fa'rm,  and  his  daughter  is  at  home  with 

County,  as  well  as  the  Village  of  Sea  '  her  parents,  and  his  younger  son  re- 

i    . 
Cliff,  where  he  resides.     Mr.  Hegeman  sides  at  Hempstead  Harbor,  Port  Wash- 


igton.     Nassau  County  is  a  busy  one 


a  man  big  enough  to  handle  a  big  job 

successfully.     Mr.  Hegeman  is  a  rep- '  is  a  native  Long  Islander,  having  re- 

resentative  man  of  the  county,  and  fori  sided  in  the  county  all  his  life,  and  the!  and  Mr.  Hegeman,  as  its  treasurer,  is 

I  1 

eighteen  years  has  been  assessor  of  the  Hegeman  farm,  owned  by  his  consin,   very  busily  engaged  looking  out  after 

I  ' 

Township  of  Oyster  Bay.   Besides  hold- i  has  been  in  the  family  since  1  71  7.    Mr. '  its   finances.      Many  wealthy   families 


ing   many    important   positions    in    the 


Hegeman's  own  farm  has  been  recent- 1  have  here  very  beautiful  estates,  and  be 


large   financial  institutions   of  Nassau '  ly   sold   to   Cox   &   Willetts,   who   are  I  it  said  to  the  credit  of  Nassau  County 


County,  he  is  a  director  of  the  Glen   going  to   develop  it  into  a  high-class 


officials    its    affairs   are   governed   by 


Cove  Bank,   a  trustee   of   the   Roslyn ,  residential   property.      Mr.   Hegeman's  j  men  of  ability. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


53 


JAMES  F.  RICHARDSON 


The  career  of  James  F.  Richardson, 
the  present  highly  efficient  County 
Clerk  of  Suffolk  County,  has  not  been 
of  that  meteoric  sort  that  goes  up 
like  a  rocket  and  comes  to  naught 
just  as  speedily.  Rather,  it  has  been 
of  a  steady,  solid  growth — a  growth 
gained  by  strict  honesty,  square  deal- 
ing with  all,  and  a  close  application 
to  business. 

Mr.  Richardson  was  left  an  orphan 
and  homeless  at  the  age  of  12  years, 
but,  having  been  born  with  the  "stuff 
in  him"  that  makes  men  of  value  to 
the  community,  no  matter  under  what 
trying  conditions  they  are  placed,  he 
was  not  unduly  cast  down  by  what,  to 
others,  might  have  seemed  an  insur- 
mountable barrier.  Inheriting  his 
parents'  integrity  and  good  business 
mind,  and  imbued  with  the  knowledge 
that  to  succeed  his  probity  should  be 
above  reproach,  he  started  out  to 
make  his  own  way.  Working  with 
such  an  ambition,  it  is  not  surprising 
that  within  a  few  years  he  should 
have  reached  a  high  round  on  the  lad- 
der o£  influence  and  affluence,  that 
ladder  of  real  success. 

Born  at  Bay  Shore,  L.  I.,  on  June 
3,  1871,  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Eliza 
Richardson,  he  moved  with  his  parents 
in  a  short  time  to  Brooklyn,  where  he 
attended  Public  School  No.  6  for  a 
few  brief  years.  At  the  age  of  12  it 
was  necessary  for  him  to  go  to  work. 
His  f  rst  employment  was  in  a  real 
estate  office,  where  the  remuneration 
was  small,  yet  out  of  which  he  man- 
aged to  pay  his  way  and  save  a  little 
besides.  He  was  likewise  determined 
to  obtain  more  book  knowledge,  so,  in- 
stead of  fooling  away  his  time  nights, 
he  "plugged  away"  at  night  school, 
taking  up  principally  bookkeeping  and 
other  business  subjects. 

Completing  his  course,  he  sought 
and  obtained  employment  with  Fred- 
erick Loeser  &  Co.,  Brooklyn,  as  a 
bookkeeper.  There,  as  in  other  subse- 
quent positions,  he  made  good  in  a 
way  that  was  a  credit  to  himself  and 
brought  pleasing  acknowledgment 
from  his  employers.  Still  he  was 
hardly  satisfied  with  his  lot.  It  seemed 
too  confining  for  his  progressive 
nature.  He  wanted  to  do  something 
through  his  own  initiative — he  wanted 
a  business  of  his  own. 

Imbued  with  a  broadening-out  policy 
he  went  to  Islip,   L.  I.,  in   1889,  and 


started  in  as  a  newsdealer.  Soon  he 
also  obtained  a  position  as  newsboy 
on  a  Long  Island  Railroad  train  run- 
ning from  Long  Island  City  to  Pat- 
chogue.  Here  he  was  enabled  to  dis- 
play his  talents  and  ability.  Here 
he  proved  that  a  smiling  face,  a 
courteous  manner  and  magnetic  per- 
sonality, coupled  with  careful  detail 
to  business  and  strict  honesty,  are  the 
stepping  stones  to  success.  For  six- 
teen years  James  F.  Richardson 
worked  on  that  train.  He  was  hailed 
as  "Jimmy"  then,  and  though  digni- 
fied and  a  man  of  affluence  now,  he 
is  not  yet  above  being  hailed  as  "Jim- 
my" to  this  day,  wh'ch,  to  the  mind 
of  his  friends,  marks  the  finer  char- 
acter of  the  man. 

During  his  years  on  the  train  nat- 
urally he  met  thousands  of  men.  He 
treated  them  so  squarely  and  did 
I  business  so  capably  that  practically 
!  all  became  fast  friends.  Many  of 
]  these  were  his  own  neighbors,  and 
j  their  friendship  proved  later  to  be  a 
'  great  business  asset. 

Naturally  a   man  of  his   character 

and  ability,  and  a  man  of  his  friend- 

I  ships,  was  sought  by  politicians.   Hav- 

i  ing  previously  identified  himself  with 

i  the    Democratic    party,    he    was   first 

chosen  as  an  assistant  to  the  tax  col- 

!  lector,  then  he  was  appointed  on  the 

Election     Board,   and    given    various 

other    positions.      His    party    leaders 

pleaded  and  coaxed  for  him  to  accept 

a  nomination  for  Town  Clerk  of  Islip. 

1  Being  "all  business"  he  declined  many 

■■  such  overtures.     Finally,  in   1907,  he 

'  consented  to  run.     He  was  elected,  of 


course.  In  1909  he  was  re-elected  by 
the  biggest  majority  ever  given  any 
candidate  in  that  town.  In  1911  he 
was  elected  again.  During  his  in- 
cumbency he  brought  new  ideas  of 
business  detail  into  the  clerk's  office, 
making  it  a  model  for  public  con- 
venience. 

Having  made  such  a  success  of  the 
Town  Clerk's  office,  he  was  induced 
to  accept  a  nomination  as  County 
Clerk  in  1912.  Again,  of  course,  he 
was  elected.  He  made  a  phenomenal 
run.  His  business  ability  and  un- 
blemished public  and  private  reputa- 
tion had  preceded  him  all  over  the 
big  county,  and  voters  were  pleased 
to 'record  themselves  under  his  banner. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  important 
offices  in  the  county.  It  needs  a  man 
of  capacity;  such  a  man  is  now  in  a 
very  business-like,  yet  courteous,  way 
attending  to  its  intricate  details.  Be- 
ing public  spirited  to  a  large  degree, 
he  has  spent  large  sums  of  his  private 
purse  in  modernizing  the  indexing 
system  relating  to  court  proceedings 
and  other  matters.  This  is  indeed  a 
vast  improvement  for  public  benefit. 
Other  new  ideas  for  the  betterment 
of  the  office  have  also  been  intro- 
duced by  him. 

Mr.  Richardson  married  Bertha  E., 
daughter  of  Joshua  Stevenson,  of 
Brooklyn.  They  have  one  daughter, 
Miss  Marguerite,  now  in  college.  As 
a  fraternity  man  he  is  also  well 
known  and  esteemed.  He  has  asso- 
ciated himself  with  Meridan  Lodge, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  Islip;  Awixa  Lodge, 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Islip;  Suffolk  Council, 
Royal  Arcanum,  Bay  Shore;  Islip 
Council,  Jr.  O.  U.  A.  M.,  Islip;  Court 
East  Islip,  F.  of  A.;  Suffolk  Encamp- 
ment, Bay  Shore,  and  the  Freeport 
Elks.  He  has  been  honored  as  Dis- 
trict Deputy  Grand  Master  of  his  Odd 
Fellows'  district,  serving  with  un- 
usual capacity. 

He  is  a  self-made  man  in  the  best 
sense  of  that  term.  His  career  shows 
what  can  be  accomplished  by  any  poor 
boy  who  starts  with  a  determination 
to  be  honest  and  industrious,  and  who 
sets  his  eyes  on  the  goal  of  success 
to  be  reached  only  through  good 
means.  Naturally  his  friends  are 
legion,  and  naturally  they  are  proud 
of  him,  both  as  a  citizen  and  as  a 
public  official,  and  it  will  be  strange 
indeed  if  he  is  not  further  rewarded 
in   public  way. 


54 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINE^a■    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


THOMAS  P.  BRENNAN 


Thomas  P.  Brennan,  one  of  Pat- 
chogue's  foremost  citizens,  has  had  a 
varied  and  interesting  career.  Mr. 
Brennan  is  agent  of  the  Patchogue 
Terminal  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad 
Company,  which  position  he  has  held 
for  the  past  fifteen  years. 

From  coal  miner,  telegraph  operator, 
newspaper  man,  politician,  real  estate 
man  and  railroad  man,  Mr.  Brennan 
has  grasped  his  opportunities  until  he 
has  risen  to  several  places  of  promi- 
nence as  a  holder  of  public  office,  both 
in  his  native  State  of  Pennsylvania 
and  in  the  State  of  his  adoption,  New 
York. 

Born  at  Tamaqua,  Pa.,  in  1S60,  he 
was  educated  in  public  schools  and  by 
private  tutors.  Of  Irish  parentage,  he 
was  an  ambitious  lad,  and,  like  most 
of  the  boys  of  his  neighborhood,  found 
a  fascination  in  the  hazardous  calling 
of  the  coal  miner.  He  ran  away  from 
school  to  enter  the  dark  mouths  of  the 
coal  mines  and  take  his  place  among 
the  men  of  the  little  mining  commu- 
nity. His  first  occupation  in  life  was 
that  of  coal  miner.  He  rose  rapidly 
with  the  company  with  which  he  was 
connected,  but  soon  realized  the  fact 
that  he  must  look  higher  and,  with  that 
purpose,  studied  telegraphy  and  later 
taught  his  brothers — the  boys  becom- 
ing a  "family  of  telegraphers."  He 
afterward  taught  a  number  of  young 
men,  but  refused  to  accept  a  dollar  for 
his  services. 

When  a  young  man,  Mr.  Brennan 
became  interested  in  politics,  and  on 
becoming  of  age  he  was  elected  Town 
Clerk  of  the  township  of  Kline,  in  the 
County  of  Schuylkill,  Pa. 

Such  was  the  eflBciency  of  his  ad- 
ministration in  his  first  public  office 
that  the  following  election  found  Mr. 
Brennan  re-elected  town  clerk  of  the 
township  of  Kline. 

At  the  expiration  of  that  term  he 
was  nominated  for  justice  of  the  peace 
by  the  Democratic  party  and  indorsed 
by  the  Republican  party,  and  elected 
for  five  years.  He  was  the  youngest 
justice  of  the  peace  ever  elected  in 
Kline  township. 

During  his  political  activities  Mr. 
Brennan  was  not  idle  in  other  respects. 
By  his  own  efforts  he  secured  a  busi- 
ness education  while  engaged  at  the 
work  of  telegraphy.    He  had  ability  for 


^;-*» 


f 


writing,  and  engaged  in  newspaper 
work  for  local  and  city  papers. 

Being  prominently  identified  with 
the  literary  and  debating  societies  of 
Hazleton,  Audenried  and  Wilkes-Barre, 
Pa.,  Mr.  Brennan  was  recognized  as 
one  of  the  gifted  speakers  and  ready 
debaters  of  those  communities.  Mean- 
while, he  devoted  his  spare  hours  to 
study  for  ten  years  under  some  of 
the  best  private  tutors  of  tne  State. 

Coming  to  New  York  City,  Mr.  Bren- 
nan was  for  a  time  on  the  reportorial 
staff  of  several  of  the  New  York 
dailies. 

In  1SS9  he  came  to  Long  Island  and 
first  located  at  Lynbrook  and  later  at 
Hempstead.  He  was  in  the  railroad 
and  steamboat  business,  and  as  a  side 
issue  ran  a  news  syndicate  to  the  New 
York  daily  papers.  At  the  same  time 
he  was  the  publisher  and  editor  of  a 
local  weekly,  the  South  Shore  Advo- 
cate. 

He  has  also  alwaj-s  been  active  in 
real  estate  investments  and  holds  con- 
siderable property  in  different  parts  of 
Long  Island. 

In  1900  Mr.  Brennan  came  to  Pat- 
chogue as  terminal  agent  for  the  Long 
Island  Railroad.  An  efficient,  pleasant 
man,  he  has  made  many  friends  in  that 
capacity,  and  has  a  wide  acquaintance 
among  the  travelers  and  residents 
generally  of  Long  Island. 

Mr.  Brennan  has  been  interested  in 
local  and  State  politics,  and  is  re- 
garded as  an  active  and  potent  factor 
in  the  Democratic  organization  on 
Long  Island.  He  has  twice  been  a 
candidate  for  member  of  the  State  As- 
sembly from  the  First  District  of  Suf- 
folk County,  on  the  Democratic  ticket, 
but  both  years  were  sweeping  Repub- 


lican victories,  and  Mr.  Brennan,  with 
the  rest  of  his  ticket,  was  naturally 
defeated.  As  a  candidate  he  won  a 
reputation  as  a  campaigner  and  public 
speaker.  His  eloquent  addresses  won 
for  him  the  popular  title  of  the  "silver- 
tongued  orator,"  and  he  is  still  in  de- 
mand as  a  public  speaker,  both  for 
his  party  and  at  social  gatherings  and 
dinners. 

He  is  reputed — and  does  not  deny 
the  mild  impeachment — to  have  a  quick 
temper,  and  that  other  quality  of  men 
of  Celtic  blood — a  ready  forgiveness. 

In  addition  to  his  other  literary 
qualities,  Mr.  Brennan  occasionally 
"drops  into  verse."  His  spirited  poem, 
"The  Superannuated  Life  Saver,"  won 
such  spontaneous  welcome,  in  its  mer- 
ciless arraignment  of  the  powers  at 
I  Washington,  that  a  request  was  sent 
to  him  to  have  thousands  of  copies 
!  printed,  at  the  expense  of  the  Life 
Saving  Service  at  Washington,  and 
!  the  copies  were  sent  to  every  member 
of  Congress.  They  were  alleged  to 
have  done  more  to  arouse  Congress 
to  grant  pensions  to  the  life  savers 
than  any  other  single  factor,  mt. 
Brennan  is  a  great  favorite  with  tue 
life  savers  and  is  usually  a  guest  at 
their  annual  dinner. 

On  January  1,  1910,  Mr.  Brennan 
became  financial  clerk  of  the  Senate 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  serving  four 
jears  until  January  1,  last.  In  that 
office  he  made  the  acquaintance  of 
politicians  and  prominent  men  through- 
out the  State  and  developed  a  host  of 
friends. 

Unassuming  in  manner,  Mr.  Brennan 
is,  nevertheless,  always  alert,  and  his 
opinion  is  frequently  sought  on  mat- 
ters of  moment  by  friends  and  neigh- 
bors. 

j  He  claims  to  have  "few  of  the 
virtues  and  many  of  the  faults"  of  his 
fellowmen,  and  thinks  "that  is  the 
average  of  a  fairly  representative  citi- 
zen." 

Mr.  Brennan  is,  primarily,  a  railroad 
man  and  is  popular  with  his  fellow 
railroad  men,  both  employers  and  em- 
ployees. He  is  a  widower,  with  four 
children — two  married,  T.  David  Bren- 
nan of  Sayvllle  and  Mrs.  William  Reil 
j  of  Rockville  Centre.  His  younger  chil- 
dren— R.  Gerard  Brennan  and  K.  Bea- 
trice Brennan — live  with  their  father 
at  his  home  on  Baker  street. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


55 


CHARLES  J.  ODELL 


Many  real  gentlemen  and  men  of 
capacity  in  public  and  private  business 
affairs  have  been  graduated  from  the 
school  of  hard  knocks,  a  school  that  is 
bound  to  broaden  the  mind  and  which 
makes  more  optimists  than  pessimists. 
With  this  preamble  let  us  introduce 
Charles  J.  Odell,  the  Sheriff  of  Suffolk 
County. 

There  are  many  people,  yes,  several 
thousand,  in  Suffolk  County  and  else- 
where who  agree  that  Suffolk  and  not 
the  man  himself  is  the  gainer  because 
he  consented  to  listen  to  the  leaders  of 
the  Republican  party  and  accept  the 
job  of  Sheriff.  These  same  people  will 
likewise  say  that  the  brief  introductory 
herewith  fits  Sheriff  Odell  to  a  nicety. 
For  Sheriff  of  Suffolk  nowadays  it' 
needs  a  real  man,  a  humane  man,  yet 
one  with  grit;  a  man  of  executive  abil- 
ity, a  man  of  uprightness,  and  a  man 
of  business  ability.  To  treat  the  public 
right  and  to  treat  the  prisoners  right, 
as  well  as  to  attend  to  the  intricate 
civil  duties  and  privileges  of  the  office 
a  man  must  have  those  qualifications, 
and  those  who  didn't  think  "Charlie" 
Odell  possessed  them  before  he  was 
elected  are  sure  of  it  now. 

Literally  he  has  knocked  around  the 
world  considerably.  He  has  even  par- 
ticipated in  a  real  shipwreck,  one  in 
which  death  stared  him  in  the  face. 
Yet  every  time  he  got  a  bump,  instead 
of  souring  his  nature  against  men  and 
the  world  in  general  it  had  the  oppo- 
site effect — it  expanded  his  smile  and 
his  bump  of  geniality;  it  increased  his 
determination  to  hew  to  the  straight 
and  narrow  path  that  leads  to  the  suc- 
cess attainable  through  right  living  and 
the  square  treatment  of  your  neighbor. 
Charles  J.  Odell  was  born  in  Harlem 
December  14,  1862,  the  son  of  George 
H.  Odell,  sr.,  and  Hannah  Jennings 
Odell  of  Patchogue.  When  a  little 
shaver  his  parents  moved  to  Patchogue, 
moving  back  again  to  New  York  after  a 
short  residence  in  Suffolk  County.  He 
attended  school  in  Fordham  and  Kings- 
bridge,  and  later  for  a  little  while  at 
Patchogue.  At  the  age  of  14  years  he 
returned  to  Patchogue  alone,  and  im- 
mediately started  his  life's  career  by 


going  to  sea.  For  three  years  or  more 
he  sailed  up  and  down  the  Atlantic 
coast  in  coasters,  which  in  those  days 
were  anything  but  comfortable.  Dur- 
ing the  last  year  of  this  hard  life  he 
was  wrecked  off  Cape  Hatteras.  To 
be  precise,  it  was  on  August  18.  The 
gale  was  a  memorable  one  for  many 
not  then  at  sea,  for  the  tornado  was 
felt  along  the  coast  and  did  great  dam- 
age. The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  in 
the  rigging  with  other  members  of  the 
crew  for  fourteen  hours  on  a  stretch. 
Eventually  all  hands  were  rescued  by 
lifesavers. 

Following  this  for  seven  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  menhaden  fishing 
business,  shipping  on  the  Commodore 
and  the  J.  W.  Hawkins,  both  of  which 
boats  were  singularly  enough  lost  dur- 
ing the  Spanish-American  war  while 
engaged  in  filibustering. 

Then  he  entered  into  the  commercial 
life  of  Patchogue  by  establishing  a 
grocery  store,  which  he  conducted  for 
twenty-two  years.  He  disposed  of  his 
interests  just  after  being  elected 
Sheriff.  In  1890  he  was  asked  to  ac- 
cept a  nomination  as  town  trustee  of 
Brookhaven.  He  was  beaten  by  one 
vote,  and  that  was  his  own  ballot. 
Frank  Tuthill  had  been  on  the  board 
and  his  public  work  was  liked  by  Mr. 
Odell,  so  he  voted  for  him  instead  of 
for  himself.  In  1891  he  ran  again  and 
was  elected.  Three  times  since  he  has 


been  similarly  treated  by  the  voters,  so 
for  sixteen  years  he  has  been  con- 
scientiously transacting  the  town's 
business  in  that  direction.  From  1893 
to  1913  he  was  president  of  the  board. 
From  1881  up  to  the  time  he  was  first 
elected  the  bay  had  been  leased  to 
private  parties.  He  was  elected  on  a 
free  bay  ticket,  and  as  soon  as  he  took 
his  seat  the  bay  became  a  free  bay  to 
the  oystermen.  His  accurate  knowl- 
edge of  conditions  and  his  conscienti- 
ous work  in  treating  bay  subjects  has 
been  of  incalcuable  benefit  to  the  town 
and  the  baymen. 

His  great  executive  ability  is  best 
seen  in  the  management  of  the  jail, 
he  being  elected  Sheriff  in  1913.  He 
understands  human  nature  thoroughly. 
He  believes  there  is  some  good  in  the 
worst  of  us,  and  is  proving  it  by  the 
prisoners  themselves  who  are  placed  on 
their  honor  in  the  big  building,  and  be- 
cause of  considerate  treatment  they 
have  not  broken  faith  with  him  yet. 
He  allows  no  abuse  of  prisoners  or  pro- 
fane language  in  handling  them,  yet  in 
that  dignified,  courteous  way  of  his 
they  are  made  to  understand  that  rules 
must  be  obeyed.  His  is  a  business  ad- 
ministration of  the  correct  sort,  tem- 
pered with  justice. 

During  1893-4-5  he  was  assistant 
financial  clerk  of  the  Assembly,  a  job 
in  which  he  made  good,  as  in  all  of 
his  other  public  and  private  undertak- 
ings. For  years  he  was  a  prominent 
volunteer  fireman  and  headed  the  big 
Patchogue  department  as  chief.  He  is 
also  well  known  in  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity. 

In  January,  1885,  Sheriff  Odell  mar- 
ried Miss  Harriet  Dayton  of  Patchogue, 
a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Phebe  Day- 
ton. They  have  three  children — Miss 
Bernice,  now  teaching  school  at  White 
Plains;  Miss  Hazel,  now  teaching  at 
Oceanside,  and  Miss  Arminda,  a  stu- 
dent at  the  Riverhead  High  School. 

As  to  personal  probity,  he  is  as 
stanch  as  a  rock;  as  to  geniality,  he 
radiates  sunshine.  Hence  it  is  small 
wonder  that  he  is  considered  a  citizen 
of  the  best  sort  and  that  every  new 
acquaintance  is  a  firm  friend. 


56 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    bLAND 


For  over  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury, on  Main  street,  Patchogue, 
has  stood  the  best  known  cafe  on 
Long     Island.       Bob     Bartlett, 


BENJAMIN  GRAHAM 

(BARTLETT'S) 

favorably  with  any  metropolitan  i  Elk,  of  pleasing  personality  and 
hotel.    This  new  innovation  will  1  a  man  mentally  fitted  to  cater  to 

make  the  new  Bartlett's  the  only !  the  public.  Bartlett's  in  the  past, 

i 

European  hotel  on  Long  Island '  as  we  feel  sure  it  will  in  the  fu- 


known  to  every  one  touring  the  j  outside    the    city    of    Brooklyn. 


Island,  passed  away  last  fall, 
leaving  Bartlett's  without  his 
genial  presence. 

Mr.  Benjamin  T.  Graham  has 


While  Bob  Bartlett  during  his 
life  was  a  genial  soul,  well  and 
favorably  known  to  everybody 
for  many  years,  it  is  such  a  hard 


ture,  has  entertained  every 
prominent  man  going  through 
the  Island,  as  the  slogan  always 
is.  Chauffeur,  when  you   reach 


Patchogue,  be  sure  to  pull  up  at 
just  taken  over  the  businessfrom  I  proposition  for  a  new  man  to  Bartlett's.   Success  to  vou,  Mr. 

the  estate  and  is  very  busily  en- !  step  in  and  take  his  place.     But  Graham,  and  in  the  thriving  vil- 

1  .  I 

gaged     renovating     the     entire  j  in  Mr.  Ben  Graham  you  will  find  j  lage  of  Patchogue  you  will  meet 

premises  from  top  to  bottom,  and  '  a  man  equipped  in  every  way  tc  I  and     make     very     many     good 


is  filling  a  long-felt  want  by  fur- 
nishing in  the  most  modern  and 
beautiful  manner  fifteen  rooms, 
that  when  finished  will  compare 


fill  your  wants  to  your  complete  j  friends,  and  never,  we  trust,  re- 

i 

! 

satisfaction.     Mr.  Graham  is  a '  gret  leaving  Flatbush  to  make 
hotel    man    of    experience,     an  i  this  attractive  place  your  home. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


57 


Perhaps  no  man  in  Suffolk 
County  is  better  known  than  C. 
Mihon  Rogers  of  Sayville,  who  is 
chairman  of  the  Suffolk  County 
Democratic  Committee  and  also 
chairman  of  the  Suffolk  County 
Board  of  Supervisors.  Mr.  Rogers 
has  had  a  varied  and  interesting 
career  that  ranks  him  among  the 
foremost  of  Long  Island's  self- 
made  men. 

Born  in  Sayville,  and  always 
making  it  his  home,  the  best 
tribute  that  can  be  paid  to  him  is 
that  he  is  most  popular  in  the 
thriving  village  of  his  birth,  where 
he  is  best  known. 

Mr.  Rogers  comes  from  an  old 
Long  Island  family.  His  father 
was  Thomas  Halsey  Rogers,  a  sea- 
man. The  sturdy  son,  who  spent 
many  of  his  boyhood  days  fishing 
at  Fire  Island  Inlet,  or  cruising  on 
the  bay  or  going  on  a  voyage  with 
his  father,  naturally  leaned  toward 
the  seafarer's  life.  After  his  edu- 
cation had  been  completed  in  the 
public  schools,  he  went  to  sea. 

The  art  of  navigation  came  natu- 
rally to  the  boy  of  Great  South 
Bay,  and  at  the  age  of  16  young 
Rogers  had  charge  of  a  small  coast- 
ing vessel.  He  loved  the  life  of  the 
sailor.  He  followed  it  until  he  was 
35  years  of  age,  and  with  a  great 
deal  of  success. 

There  was  only  one  thing  that 
Navigator  Rogers  liked  better  than 
the  sea.  That  was  politics.  There 
was  only  one  thing  that  he  liked 
better  than  politics.  That  was  the 
Democratic  party.  And  let  it  be 
said  for  Mr.  Rogers,  that  since  he 
has  come  into  power  in  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  he  has  done  his  best 
to  keep  it  free  from  politics  in  the 
interest  of  the  community  which  it 
has  been  his  privilege  to  serve. 

Ever  since  he  was  old  enough  to 
vote,  the  young  follower  of  the  sea 
took  a  deep  interest  in  the  political 
discussions  and  problems  that  con- 
fronted the  State  and  Nation  from 
time  to  time.  On  voyages  he  had 
plenty  of  time  to  read,  and  he  read 
the  sort  of  literature  that  was  in- 
structive, and,  when  he  came  ashore, 
he  was  by  no  means  "rusty"  on  the 
political  and  economic  problems 
of  the  day.  He  surprised  the  old- 
time  politicians  with  his  store  of 
information,  and  the  force  of  his 
arguments,  which  were  always  ad- 
vanced in  behalf  of  Democratic 
principles. 


C.  MILTON  ROGERS 

So  it  was  not  surprising  when 
the  seafarer,  at  the  age  of  35,  gave 
up  the  mariner's  life  and  settled  in 
his  native  village,  that  he  soon  be- 
came a  factor  in  the  political  life 
of  the  town.  That  was  over  twenty 
years  ago.  Mr.  Rogers  engaged  in 
the  ice  business,  and  the  present 
large  Hygeia  ice  plant  at  Sayville 
bearing  the  firm  name  of  C.  M. 
Rogers  &  Son  is  evidence  of  his 
ability  as  a  business  man.  The 
Rogers  plant  is  one  of  the  most  up 
to  date  on  Long  Island,  equipped 
with  every  modern  device  for  man- 
ufacturing the  best  and  cleanest  ice 
that  it  is  possible  to  make. 

Although  often  solicited  to  en- 
ter the  field  of  office  holding,  Mr. 
Rogers  for  many  years  avoided  any 
activity  in  politics  except  that 
which  he  could  render  to  his  party 
as  a  private  citizen.  In  1900,  how- 
ever, when  Julius  Hauser  of  Say- 
ville, who  was  then  Commissioner 
of  Highways  of  Islip  Township,  be- 
came New  York  State  Treasurer, 
Mr.  Rogers  was  prevailed  upon  to 
accept  an  appointment  as  Commis- 
sioner of  Highways  to  fill  the  un- 
expired term  of  Mr.  Hauser. 

Always  interested  in  good  roads, 
Mr.  Rogers  made  an  excellent  Com- 
missioner, and  served  until  1904. 

In  1905,  Mr.  Rogers  was  elected 
Supervisor  of  Islip  Town,  and  he 
has  held  that  office  ever  since. 
During  his  term  of  office  he  has 
been  identified  with  every  move- 
ment that  has  tended  to  public  wel- 
fare in  the  Town  of  Islip  and  in 
the  County  of  Suffolk.  He  has 
been  particularly  keen  in  fighting 
the  battles  of  his  town,  and  through 
his  efforts,  in  a  great  measure,  the 
town  has  received  some  of  its  best 
State  and  town  roads. 

An  instance  of  Mr.  Rogers'  fight 
for  good  roads  was  shown  two 
years  ago,  when  the  Bayshore- 
Patchogue  State  highway  was 
started  under  State  construction 
with  specifications  that  were  in- 
ferior and  objectionable  to  the  peo- 
ple living  along  the  line  of  the 
road.  Mr.  Rogers  was  one  of  the 
first  to  stake  a  stand  in  fighting  the 
construction  of -the  road,  although 
it  was  being  done  under  Democratic 
rule. 

In  a  strong  letter  which  he  wrote 
to  the  then  Governor  Sulzer,  Mr. 
Rogers  pointed  out  wherein  the 
specifications  were  inadequate,  and 
were  not  what  they  should  be  for 


the  amount  of  money  the  neoole 
were  paying.  His  past  experience 
of  road  construction  told  him  just 
what  was  needed  to  accommodate 
the  heavy  traffic  along  the  main 
highway  of  the  South  Shore.  Mr. 
Rogers  led  a  delegation  of  citizens 
who  went  to  Albany  and  waited  on 
Governor  Sulzer  in  the  matter,  who 
took  it  up  with  the  Highway  De- 
partment, with  the  result  that  the 
undesirable  contract  was  canceled, 
and  with  the  further  result  that  the 
road  is  now  being  constructed  at 
Stats  expense  just  as  the  people 
v/ant  it  done.  It  will  be  one  of  the 
best  highways  in  the  State  when 
completed,  and  experts  estimated 
that  the  road  first  proposed  would 
not  last  a  year. 

Two  years  ago  the  popularity  of 
Mr.  Rogers  in  the  Board  of  Super- 
visors was  shown  by  the  fact  that 
he  was  elected  chairman  of  the 
board,  which  office  he  still  holds. 
He  is  a  fair  and  dignified  presiding 
officer,  giving  everybody  an  equal 
voice,  regardless  of  party  or  faction. 

Mr.  Rogers  has  also  been  chair- 
man of  the  Suffolk  County  Demo- 
cratic Committee  for  two  years.  A 
man  of  pleasing  address  and  cour- 
teous manner,  Mr.  Rogers  makes 
friends  easily.  He  has  a  faculty  of 
keeping  the  ones  made.  Tact  and 
diplomacy  are  among  his  chief 
characteristics,  and  he  has  made 
an  able  head  for  the  County  Com- 
mittee. 

During  the  term  of  his  office 
Mr.  Rogers  has  been  interested  ift 
all  real  reform  movements.  He 
has  been  an  advocate  of  adopting 
some  means  of  straightening  out 
the  present  method  of  handling 
county  tax  matters.  He  is  a  strong 
advocate  bf  an  inland  waterway 
constructed  along  the  South  Shore 
at  State  and  National  expense.  He 
believes  in  assessment  reform  for 
the  various  towns. 

Mr.  Rogers  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  Order,  of  the  Odd  Fellows 
and  Royal  Arcanum.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Sayville  Fire  De- 
partment, and  is  an  enthusiast  in 
all  firemanic  matters. 

At  the  age  of  23  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Alice  A.  Smith,  who  was 
the  daughter  of  Henry  Smith  of 
Smithtown.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rogers 
have  one  son,  Clarence  M.  Rogers, 
who  is  in  the  automobile  business 
in  Sayville,  and  also  connected  with 
his  father  in  the  ice  business. 


58 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


LEONARD  RUOFF 


Through  the  efforts  of  Leonard  Ruoff, 
Clerk  of  the  County  of  Queens,  a  bill 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  block 
index  of  conveyances,  mortgages,  etc., 
in  his  office,  has  been  placed  upon  the 
Statute  Books. 

This  bill  passed  both  Houses  of  the 
Legislature,  was  approved  by  the 
Mayor  and  has  been  signed  by  the 
Governor.  It  provides  for  the  estab- 
lishing in  the  office  of  an  index  under 
every  block  of  all  transfers,  mortgages, 
incumbrances,  etc.,  against  the  real 
estate  in  that  county,  and  is  similar 
to  the  block  and  section  indexes  in  the 
counties  of  Kings  and  New  York,  but 
it  goes  even  further  than  that  and 
provides  for  indexing  against  the  lot 
also.  It  is  considered  an  improvement 
on  the  system  now  in  use  in  both  New 
York  and  Kings  counties.  It  is  an 
improvement  very  much  needed  in 
Queens  County,  and  through  the  action 
now  of  Mr.  Ruoff,  the  County  Clerk, 
it  can  be  installed  in  the  office  at  the 
present  time  and  relieve  a  congested 
condition  of  indexing  now  in  the  office. 

This  is  only  one  of  the  many  im- 
provements that  Mr.  Ruoff  has  in  con- 
templation, and  during  his  term  of 
office  he  has  made  many  improve- 
ments in  the  matter  of  public  records. 
His  activity  in  forcing  the  matter  of 
contracts  for  the  reconstruction  of  the 
building  is  too  well  known  to  require 
any  mention  here. 

Among  the  many  changes  made  in 
the  office,  one  which  has  been  a 
great  advantage  is  that  of  having  a 
separate  index  of  judgments  for  each 
letter  of  the  alphabet,  while  heretofore 
the  judgment  dockets  were  divided 
into  three  parts,  one  containing  the 
judgments  indexed  against  the  names 
from  A  to  G,  another  from  H  to  P,  and 
a  third  from  Q  to  Z.  This  permitted 
only  three  books  in  the  office  which 
could  be  used  by  the  office  at  any  one 
time,  whereas  now  the  indexes  are  so 
divided  that  it  takes  but  a  few  minutes 
for  the  examination  of  a  judgment 
record  under  the  one  letter.  The  en- 
larging of  the  system  of  indexing  no- 
tices of  pendency  of  action,  where  one 
index  was  used  in  the  office,  now  three 
indexes  are  made.  One  of  the  most 
desirable  improvements  was  that  of 
separating  the  tickler  indexes  of  deeds 
and  mortgages.  Heretofore  all  papers 
recorded  were  indexed  in  one  set  of 
ticklers,  whereas  now  they  are  divided 
so  that  the  deeds,  leases  and  agree- 
ments are  indexed  in  one  set  of  tick- 
lers and  mortgages  and  assignments 
indexed  in  another  set. 

The  system  of  numbering  and  check- 
ing all  papers  recorded  and  filed  is 
such  that  it  is  almost  an  impossibility 
for  a  paper  to  go  astray.    On  the  sys- 


tem of  deeds  there  is  the  record  num- 
ber, and  a  separate  deed  number,  and 
in  that  of  mortgages  the  same  system, 
in  addition  to  that  of  the  serial  number 
under  the  mortgage  tax.  All  the  re- 
ports on  these  papers  are  made  in 
carbon,  and  every  delivery  made  by 
clerks  from  one  to  another  is  receipted 
tor,  so  that  by  a  simple  examination 
of  the  reports  the  location  of  a  paper 
is  made.  Every  paper  received  for 
record  or  file  receives  a  number,  so 
that  at  the  end  of  each  month  it  is 
but  a  small  matter  of  addition  of  but 
a  few  minutes  to  determine  just  how 
many  papers  of  any  particular  kind 
are  received  for  that  month.  Singu- 
larly active  in  his  endeavors  to  make 
the  office  as  fireproof  as  possible,  he 
has  purchased  nothing  but  steel  furni- 
ture, cabinets,  desks,  tables,  etc.,  and 
has  endeavored,  as  far  as  lies  within 
his  power,  to  place  the  public  records 
in  as  safe  and  secure  receptacles  as 
has  been  within  his  power  so  to  do. 
Owing  to  the  uncertainty  as  to  the  re- 
contruction  of  the  building,  he  has 
been  unable  to  procure  any  appropria- 
tion of  sufficient  size  and  to  meet  the 
needs  of  his  office  in  this  respect  there 
is  considerable  uncertainty  as  to  just 
what  will  be  furnished  with  the  new 
building,  and  for  that  reason  the  Board 
of  Estimate  and  Apportionment  has 
not  seen  fit  to  make  an  allowance  for 
this  steel  furniture.  The  purchases 
which  he  has  made  were  from  funds 
that  were  allowed  him  in  the  regular 
course  of  business  for  office  furniture, 
and  while  he  has  had  to  make  sacri- 
fices in  some  instances,  still  the  ad- 
vantages to  be  gained  by  the  purchas- 
ing of  steel  furniture  will  be  two-fold. 
'Ine  purchases  have  been  made  with 
an  eye  to  the  distant  future,  and  are 
not  for  the  present  time  only.  Steel 
furniture  is  the  most  serviceable  and 
is  fireproof  and  the  most  sanitary. 


For  a  number  of  years  past  it  has 
been  the  custom  in  the  office  to  take 
from  two  or  three  months  before  a 
recorded  paper  is  returned  to  the  party 
recording  it.     All  this  has  been  done 

;  away  with,  and  papers  recorded  on  one 
day  are  in  the  hands  of  the  copyists 
before  two  o'clock  on  the  following 
day,  so  that  a  paper  is  now  returned  to 
its  owner  in  about  ten  days.  This  in- 
cludes comparing,  checking,  indexing, 
copying,  etc.,  and  is  the  shortest  period 
of  time  that  has  been  known  in  cases 
of  this  kind  in  the  County  of  Queens 
since  the  establishing  of  the  Greater 
City. 

Of  great  advantage  and  convenience 
to  the  members  of  the  bar  who  have 
business  dealings  at  the  Court  House 
at  Long  Island  City  has  been  the  es- 
tablishing of  a  branch  office  of  the 
County  Clerk's  Office  in  the  Court 
House.  In  this  office  almost  any  busi- 
ness of  the  County  Clerk's  Office  can 
lie  transacted,  with  the  exception  of 
filing  and  recording  papers  wherein 
the  hour  and  minute  are  essential.    Of 

I  course,  it   is   impossible  to   have  two 

'  offices  in  the  one  county,  as  where  it 
is  necessary  in  the  recording  to  have 
the  hour  and  minute  on  it  this  could 

:  be  done  in  only  the  one  place.  Lawyers 
throughout  the  county  and  other  coun- 
ties have  found  the  branch  office  a 
great  convenience,  and  Mr.  Ruoff  had 
a  bill  introduced  in  the  Legislature, 
which  bill  was  passed  and  has  become 
a  law,  permitting  the  installing  of  a 
duplicate  County  Seal  at  that  office. 

Where  the  law  was  heretofore  silent 
on  a  matter  of  this  kind  while  the 
Court  House  was  located  at  such  a 
distance  from  the  County  Clerk's  Office 
the  act  introduced  by  Mr.  Ruoff  has 
been  made  general,  and  it  is  not  only  a 
benefit  to  Queens  County,  but  also  to 
other  counties  in  the  State  similarly 
situated. 

His  attitude  since  he  has  assumed 
his  duties  as  County  Clerk  has  been 
one  of  public  spiritedness,  acting  in 
the  interests  of  the  public,  and  in  an 
endeavor  to  make  the  office  of  the 
Clerk  of  Queens  County  as  efficient  as 
is  possible. 

A  very  important  addition  made  to 
the  office  by  Mr.  Ruoff  is  that  of  the 
bookbindery.  In  former  years  it  was 
the  custom  to  give  out  the  binding  of 
books  to  private  contractors,  and  for 
this  purpose  the  city  appropriated 
from  $2,000  to  |7,000.  Mr.  Ruoff  has 
succeeded  in  having  the  position  of 
bookbinder  established  in  his  office, 
and  by  an  appropriation  allowed  by  the 
Board  of  Estimate  has  established  the 
bookbinding  plant,  at  a  cost  of  less 
than  $1,000. 

In  examining  records  in  the  Coun- 
ty Clerk's  office  and  seeking  the  liber 
it  has  been  found  that  the  libers  are 
very  often  in  use,  and  in  order  to  as- 
certain just  who  is  using  the  liber  it 
was  necessary  to  turn  it  over  to  see 
the  number  or  nature  of  the  record. 
This  has  all  been  dispensed  with,  as 
the  County  Clerk  has  had  little  leather 
tags  or  titles  put  on  the  margin  of  the 
cover  of  the  book,  so  that  no  matter 
which  way  the  book  is  placed  a  search- 
er can  see  at  a  glance  the  number  or 
nature  of  it. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN   OF    LONG    ISLAND 


59 


GEORGE  H.  KENNAHAN 

OF 
THE  LONG  ISLAND  FARMER 


A  daily  newspaper,  published 
in  Jamaica  by  Mr.  John  C. 
Kennahan  and  his  son,  Mr. 
George  H.  Kennahan,  repre- 
sents to  what  heights  a  small 
beginning  can  grow.  The  Long 
Island  Farmer  presents  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  metropolitan 
daily,  has  a  large  circulation 
and  is  the  representative  paper 
of  the  town.  Mr.  John  C. 
Kennahan  was  for  many  years 
on  the  staff  of  The  Eagle,  hav- 
ing entire  charge  of  the  Long 
Island  Department,  in  those 
days  covering  the  entire  Island. 
Connected  with  the  Long  Island 
Farmer  is  a  modern  printing 
plant,  comprising  three  large 
cylinder  presses,  three  jobbing 
presses    and    a    Colt    Armory 


press,  three  linotype  machines, 
each  and  every  machine  in  the 
plant  run  by  individual  motors. 
The  plant  has  its  own  bindery 
and  is  equipped  to  turn  out  any 
job  from  a  business  card  to  a 
2,000-page  book.  This  plant  is 
the  largest  printing  establish- 
ment outside  of  Kings  County 
on    Long    Island,    employing    a 


large  force  of  men  and  is  strict- 
ly a  union  shop  in  every  sense 
of  the  word.  The  Long  Island 
Farmer  also  publishes  the 
North  Hempstead  Record  and 
the  Oyster  Bay  Pilot.  Mr. 
George  H.  Kennahan  is  busi- 
ness manager  of  the  Long  Is- 
land Farmer,  proprietor  of 
the  North  Hempstead  Record, 
which  is  the  Democratic  paper 
of  Nassau  County.  He  is  prom- 
inent in  politics,  a  member  of 
long  standing  of  Typographical 
Union  No.  6,  known  the  world 
over  as  "Big  Six";  a  native 
Long  Islander,  being  connected 
on  his  mother's  side  with  the 
Webb  and  Giffing  families, 
both  of  whom  date  back  to  the 
early  settlers  of  Long  Island. 


60 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


E.  POST  TOOKER 


No  young  man  on  Long  Island 
has  enjoyed  a  more  rapid  rise  to 
success  in  his  chosen  profession 
than  E.  Post  looker  of  Port  Jef- 
ferson, head  of  the  architectural 
and  landscape  engineering  firm  of 
looker,  Marsh  &  Barnett,  of  101 
Park  avenue,  Manhattan,  and  Port 
Jefferson,  but  it  is  a  success  that 
has  been  won  in  the  correct  way 
and  is  therefore  permanent. 

A  good  old  Long  Island  trait  is 
for  one's  neighbors  to  lay  aside 
jealousy  and  be  proud  of  the  suc- 
cess of  a  native  son,  when  that 
success  is  obtained  through  honest 
endeavor  and  doing  business  in  a 
way  that  stamps  one  as  a  good 
citizen  in  every  way;  therefore  it 
is  quite  natural  that  in  Port  Jef- 
ferson the  residents  boast  that  Mr. 
looker  "belongs  to  us."  They  say 
it  with  real  pride,  and  mean  it. 

There  is  probably  no  class  of 
work  that  an  architect  is  called 
upon  to  do  that  is  subject  to  as 
much  criticism  as  public  work.  In 
this  line  the  architect  deals  with 
many  minds.  At  first  he  works 
through  committees,  generally  of 
several  members.  Naturally  there 
are  "many  minds."  Later,  v/hen 
the  building  begins  to  ?row,  the 
public  in  general  seer  .'lc  full  re- 
sult of  the  work,  and  again  comes 
the  "many  minds"  to  be  satisfied. 
When  one  can  fully  satisfy  all  of 
the  committee  members  and  get 
the  contract,  and  later  can  hear  the 
public  express  themselves  as  satis- 
fied with  the  final  result,  then  is 
one  entitled  to  be  stamped  a  de- 
signer of  the  first  order.  Briefly 
let  it  be  said  that  Mr.  Tooker  has 
worked  chiefly  on  large  public 
buildings  and  has  won  open  ad- 
miration for  originality,  careful- 
ness and  accuracy — his  work  has 
been  of  more  than  a  pleasing  sort. 

At  present  he  may  be  referred 
to  as  the  "designer  for  Suffolk 
County."  A  week  after  winning 
the  contract  to  pmvide  plans  for 


the  most  modern  and  elaborate 
public  cow  barn  and  dairy  building 
in  the  state,  to  be  erected  at  the 
Suffolk  Almshouse  farm  at  Yap- 
hank,  he  had  won  the  contract  to 
build  the  most  modern  high  school 
building  in  the  county.  This  is  in 
his  native  village  of  Fort  Jefferson. 
The  superintendent  of  schools  says 
it  is  the  nearest  to  the  ideal  school 
building  he  ever  saw.  Shortly 
after  this  he  again  entered  the 
arena  and  secured  the  job  of  de- 
signing the  $50,000  addition  to  the 
county  clerk's  office  at  Riverhead 
— three  big  public  jobs  in  a  small 
county  in  less  than  two  months, 
and  all  secured  from  a  large  class 
of  competitors.  His  friends  may 
well  be  proud  of  his  success. 

Mr.  Tooker  was  born  at  Port 
Jefferson,  November  7,  1886,  the 
son  of  Wallace  H.  and  Endora 
Frances  Davis  Tooker.  In  1903  he 
graduated  from  the  Port  Jefferson 
High  School.  Little  did  he  think 
then  that  he  would  within  a  few 
years  be  called  upon  to  design  a 
new  building  to  take  the  place  of 
the  old  one  where  he  spent  his 
happy  school  days;  but  for  once 
this  is  the  justness  of  fate. 

After  leaving  his  home  town 
school,  he  entered  Lehigh  Univer- 
sity, graduating  in  the  class  of 
1907.      He    is    a    member    of    the 


Kappa  Sigma  fraternity,  Lehigh 
Club  and  the  Kappa  Sigma  Club 
of  New  York.  Leaving  college,  he 
started  out  in  earnest  to  carve  his 
name.  The  letters  have  been  well 
cut  and  deeply  set.  He  b'icame 
the  landscape  engineer  for  the 
Dean  Alvord  Co.  at  Belle  Terra  anl 
elsewhere;  from  1908  to  1913  was 
landscape  engineer  for  Charles  W. 
Leavitt,  Jr.,  and  during  1913  he 
organized  the  firm  of  which  he  is 
at  the  head.  Though  young  in 
years,  the  firm  has  already  per- 
formed a  vast  amount  of  work 
with  its  skilled  staff  of  assistants 
Here's  a  partial  list:  Five  resi- 
dences and  landscape  work  at  Al- 
bertson,  L.  I.;  estate  of  Felix  VI. 
Warburg,  Hartsdale,  N.  Y.;  estate 
of  Francis  E.  Osborne,  Derby, 
Conn.;  landscape  engineer  to  the 
National  Fair  and  Exposition  As- 
sociation; fifty  residences  in  N-^w 
ark  for  Andrew  Radel;  estate  A.  E. 
Atkinson,  Allendale,  N.  J.;  estate 
John  G.  Quinby,  Brewster.  N.  Y.; 
estate  John  K.  Branch,  Pawling, 
N.  Y.;  estate  Dwight  J.  Baum, 
Fieldstone,  N.  Y. ;  landscape  layout 
for  Indiana  Hospital,  Indiana,  Pa. 
— all  in  addition  to  the  public  work 
in    this   county   mentioned   above. 

Thus  will  it  be  seen  that  much 
of  Mr.  Tooker's  time  has  been 
taken  up  with  public  work — a  work 
that  bears  inspection  and  approval 
after  the  severest  of  all  tests. 

One  of  his  mottoes  has  been  to 
first  have  the  work  right  and  then 
make  all  of  those  performing  the 
services  under  him  do  their  parts 
exactly  right.  This  is  evident  from 
his  bearing  and  his  past  perform- 
ances, and  is  one  of  the  chief  key- 
notes of  success.  Personally  of  a 
likable  disposition  and  a  genial, 
whole-souled  manner,  and  a  deter- 
mination to  win  success  by  deserv- 
ing it — these  are  characteristics 
that  indicate  a  still  more  brilliant 
future  for  this  prominent  young 
son  of  Port  Jefferson. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


61 


ROBERT  S.  PELLETREAU 


Robert  S.  Pelletreau,  one  of 
the  most  prominent  lawyers  in 
Suffolk  County,  Long  Island, 
comes  from  a  family  whose 
names  are  linked  with  the  his- 
tory of  Long  Island. 

Mr.  Pelletreau,  the  son  of 
Jesse  Woodhull  Pelletreau,  was 
born  at  East  Moriches  October 
1,  1867.  Following  his  prelim- 
inary education,  he  entered  Yale 
University  from  which  he  grad- 
uated in  1890.  In  1892  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  of  New 
York  State,  and  the  same  year 
he  began  practice  in  Patchogue, 
where  he  has  followed  his  pro- 
fession ever  since. 

During  his  twenty-two  years 
of  practice  Mr.  Pelletreau  has 
built  up  a  reputation  that  is  the 
envy  of  many  of  his  less  success- 
ful contemporaries.  As  a  realty 
lawyer,  he  is,  perhaps,  the  best 
known.  He  is  a  trustee  and  ex- 
ecutor of  many  estates,  a  director 
in  many  banks  and  institutions, 
and  a  member  of  a  number  of 
societies. 

Mr.  Pelletreau  was  married  in 


1895  to  Mary  Rogers  of  Bridge- 
hampton,  daughter  of  Hiram  S. 
Rogers. 

Although  an  orator  of  ability 
who  has  lent  his  voice  to  the  in- 
terests of  the  Republican  party, 
in  which  he  is  a  firm  believer, 
Mr.  Pelletreau  has,  however, 
never  sought  political  office.    He 


is  often  heard  at  campaign  meet- 
ings, and  is  much  in  demand  as 
a  lecturer  and  speaker  at  festive 
functions. 

Coming  from  an  old  Long  Is- 
land family,  Mr.  Pelletreau  is  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revo- 
lution. He  is  a  life  member  in 
the  Huguenot  Society  of  New 
York  and  is  also  a  life  member 
of  the  American  Bible  Society. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York 
State  Bar  Association.  He  was 
for  several  years  vice  president 
of  the  Suffolk  County  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, until  he  was  elected 
president  of  that  body  on  Janu- 
ary 1,  1914,  in  which  capacity  he 
is  still  serving.  He  belongs  to 
the  Blue  Lodge  and  Royal  Arch 
Masons. 

Mr.  Pelletreau  is  a  trustee  of 
the  Union  Savings  Bank  of 
Patchogue,  a  director  of  the  Citi- 
zens National  Bank  of  the  same 
place,  a  director  of  the  Nassau- 
Suffolk  Bond  and  Mortgage 
Guarantee  Company,  Mineola, 
and  a  trustee  and  director  in 
many  other  institutions. 


WILLIAM  J.  McVAY 


•  Mr.  William  J.  McVay,  who  began 
his  term  as  postmaster  of  Far  Rock- 
away  on  April  1.  was  born  in  the  York- 
ville  section  of  Manhattan  on  April  19, 
1861.  His  parents,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pat- 
rick McVay,  wisely  enabled  him  to 
secure  the  advantages  of  a  public 
school  education.  Upon  graduating 
from  the  public  school  he  entered  St. 
Mary's  Nautical  School.  When  he  had 
completed  his  course  in  this  school  he 
was  one  of  a  crew  of  eight  young  men 
selected  by  the  captain  of  the  school  to 
man  the  bark  "Iron. Age."  The  bark 
was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Java. 

Mr.  McVay  followed  the  sea  for  some 
time.  He  made  seven  trips  on  the  mail 
steamer  Colon  to  the  Isthmus  of  Pan- 
ama, serving  as  quartermaster.  He 
then  took  a  post-graduate  course  in  the 
nautical  school,  serving  as  an  instruc- 
tor and  earning  a  first  mate's  certi- 
ficate. 

He  came  to  Rockaway  Beach  twenty- 
seven  years  ago  and  has  been  promi- 
nent in  the  social  and  business  life  of 
the  section.  For  the  greater  part  of 
this  time  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the 
State  or  the  County.  For  eight  years 
he  was  foreman  and  general  foreman 
on   the   Queens   Bureau   of   Highways 

anH    fnr  'ipvpn  vpars:  Mfa<i  rnnnpntpH   u/ith 


.' '  \  %i 


in  this  department  and  surveyed  every 
State  road  on  Long  Island. 

Mr.  McVay  was  at  one  time  proprie- 
tor and  editor  of  the  "Wave,"  a  local 
newspaper  of  Rockaway  Beach.  He 
was  also  at  one  time  a  member  of  the 
reportorial  staff  of  a  Manhattan  news- 
paper. 

Mr.  McVay  has  always  been  active 
politically  and  has  always  been  a  con- 
sistent Democrat.  It  is  agreed  that 
Congressman  Dennis  O'Leary,  in  act- 
ing on  the  indorsement  of  the  Queens 
County  Democratic  Committee  and 
bringing  about  his  appointment  as  post- 
master, acted  in  accordance  with  the 
wishes  of  the  greater  part  of  the  peo- 
ple of  the  Rockaway  section. 

Mr.  McVay  is  married  and  has  six 
sons.  His  wife  was  Miss  Matilda 
Broadhurst.  His  sons  are  John  C, 
Joseph,  George,  William,  Theodore  and 
Francis.  His  home  is  at  16  Kane  ave- 
nue, Rockaway  Beach. 

Several  prominent  organizations  of 
the  Rockaway  section  claim  Postmaster 
McVay  as  a  member.  He  is  an  Elk,  a 
Forester,  an  Eagle  and  a  Knight  of 
Columbus.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Holy  Name  Society  of  St.  Rose  of  Lima 
j  Church,   of  the   Cardinal    Players,   the 

»u     f.  i     u-   u  r, » 1      rv,._  '  foremost  dramatic  organization  of  his 

the  State  Highway  Department.  Dur- ,  ^^^.^^^  ^^  ,^g  Rekawaha  Democratic 
ing  the  SIX  years  immediately  preced-  Cut,  ^„^  ^f  ^^e  Queens  County  Demo- 
ing  his  appointment  as  postmaster  he   cratic  Committee,  Volunteer  Firemen's 

antpH     3*3    nn     in^npptnr    nf    mncitriirfinn  '  Orpaniyatinn     Stfltp  of  Npw  York. 


"WILLIAM  J.M?VAy 


=i^f= 


62 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG .  ISLAND 


WOODHULL  RAYNOR 


Woodhull  Raynor,  the  only  un- 
dertaker in  the  progressive  vil- 
lage of  Sayville,  is  a  widely 
known  man  in  his  locality,  not  | 
only  through  his  business,  but  as 
a  prominent  fireman  and  citizen. 
He  has  been  for  many  years  the 
chief  of  the  Sayville  Volunteer 
Fire  Department,  and  is  enthu- 
siastic in  his  support  of  any 
measure  that  tends  to  benefit 
the  volunteer  firemen. 

Mr.  Raynor  was  born  in  Say- 
ville on  October  9,  1854.  He  was 
the  son  of  the  late  Charles  L. 
Raynor,  who  was  a  member  of 
an  old  Sayville  family.  Educated 
in  public  schools,  Mr.  RajTior,  as 
a  young  man  engaged  in  busi- 
ness with  his  father,  who  was  in 
the  produce  business.     Later  he  eral  years. 


He  entered  the  un- 


became    interested    in    lumber,  |  dertaking  business  with  his  fa- 
following  that  business  for  sev-  j  ther  years  ago,   and   succeeded 


him  in  business.  He  has  an  up- 
to-date  undertaking  establish- 
ment with  monumental  works 
connected. 

In  1889  he  was  appointed  post- 
master of  Sayville  under  Presi- 
dent Benjamin  Harrison.  He 
made  an  efficient  and  popular 
postmaster. 

Mr.  Raynor  was  married  in 
1878  to  Ella  Bella  Woodhull  of 
Sayville,  daughter  of  the  late 
Charles  A.  Woodhull  and  Anna 
Greene  Woodhull.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
RajTior  have  six  children. 

For  several  years  Mr.  Raynor 
has  been  chief  of  the  Sayville 
Fire  Department.  He  was  re- 
elected at  the  annual  election  this 
year  and  now  stands  at  the  head 
of  the  local  fire  fighters.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Roj^al  Arcanum 
and  the  Odd  Fellows. 


JOHN  T.  DARE 


John  T.  Dare,  postmaster  of  the 
thriving  village  of  Patchogue,  is  prob- 
ably the  most  efficient  postmaster  the 
village  has  ever  had,  and  as  a  result, 
his  record  at  Washington  won  for  him 
a  reappointment  regardless  of  other 
party  indorsements  in  1912. 

Mr.  Dare  is  a  native  Long  Islander, 
born  at  Stony  Brook,  May  5,  1870,  the 
son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  R.  Dare  of 
that  place. 

He  came  to  Patchogue  in  1881,  where 
he  entered  the  Patchogue  High  School, 
of  which  he  is  a  graduate.  Following 
his  education  he  entered  the  law  of- 
fice of  Arlington  H.  Carman  and  took 
up  the  study  of  law,  which  he  intended 
to  be  his  life  profession.  He  later  en- 
tered the  office  of  the  late  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  Wilmot  M.  Smith, 
where  he  remained  until  his  health 
broke  down,  and  he  had  to  retire  from 
the  confining  office. 


He  served  for  six  years  as  secretary 
of  the  Patchogue  Board  of  Education, 
and  has  held  other  positions  of  honor 
and  trust. 

In  1896  Mr.  Dare  was  appointed  as- 
sistant postmaster  of  Patchogue  under 
the  postmaster,  Charles  E.  Rose,  who 
was  a  Democrat,  although  Mr.  Dare  is 


I  a  Republican.    He  served  in  that  posi- 
tion until  1908,  when  he  was  appointed 
j  postmaster.      He   was    reappointed   by 

I  President  Taft  in  1912  solely  upon  his 

I 

!  merits   of  efficiency   and   without   po- 

!  litical  backing.     His   term  expires   in 

1916. 
Mr.  Dare  is  a  charter  member  of  the 

Union  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,  was 
i  a  substitute  member  of  the  famous  old 
i  "Honey  Bee"  Cortipany,  and  a  member 
;  of  the  Exempt  Firemen's  Association. 
!  He  is  an  enthusiastic  vamp.  He  is  a 
j  member  of  South  Side  Lodge  No.  493, 
i  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also  belongs  to  the  Odd 
'  Fellows,  Woodmen,  Junior  Mechanics 
'  and  other  fraternities. 

He  was  married  October,  1899,  to 
j  Lucille  Gillette  Roe,  daughter  of  Mr. 
I  and  Mrs.  Thomas  R.  Roe  of  Patchogue. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dare  have  two  children, 

George  Roe  Dare,  14,  and  Norma  Lu- 
I  cille  Dare,  6  years  of  age. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


63 


HORACE  GREELEY  KNAPP,  A.  I.  A.,  Architect 


A  Few  Press  Clippings 
Concerning 

Horace  Greeley  Knapp 

Architect 
New  York  City 

From   the   N.   Y.   Jonrnallst. 

Horace  Greeley  Knapp.  architect,  laid 
the  foundation  of  his  rapid  and  continu- 
ous success  in  thorough  training  and 
practical  experience.  He  was  a  master 
builder  at  18,  a  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Architects  when  scarcely  21, 
and  soon  thereafter  originated  the  scien- 
tific system  of  building  construction 
which  now  bears  his  name  and  is  popular 
in  all  parts   of  the   world. 


From   tbe    N.   Y.   Scientific   Times. 

Mr.  Horace  Greeley  Knapp  is  an  archi- 
tect of  rare  originality  and  skill,  whose 
beautiful  buildings  dot  the  landscape  in 
almost  eyery  State  in  the  Union,  stamp- 
ing their  author  as  one  of  the  master 
minds  of  that  noble  profession. 


From    the    AVyomlns     (Illinois)     Herald. 

The  handsomest  buildings  in  Northern 
Illinois  were  designed  by  Mr.  Horace 
Greeley  Knapp.  They  may  be  called 
truly  the  Knapp  style,  and  are  a  good 
study  for  those  interested  in  architecture. 


From   the   <\.   Y.)    Home  Journal. 

The  buildings  do  credit  to  the  skill  and 
taste  of  the  architect.  Mr.  Horace  Greeley 
Knapp.  to  whose  thorough  knowledge  of 
his  art  and  fine  perceptions  of  the  fitting 
and  becoming  some  of  our  suburbs  owe 
so  much  of  their  architectural  beauty 
and  good  taste  in  landscape  embellish- 
ments. 


From    the    Toledo    Chronicle. 

Some  of  the  most  beautiful  buildings 
we  have  seen  were  designed  by  Mr.  Hor- 
ace Greeley  Knapp.  He  is  an  architect 
of  very  superior  ability,  and  'we  do  not 
believe   his   work  can   be  surpassed. 


From    the    Centrevllle,    Md.,    Record. 

Maryland  is  indebted  to  Architect 
Knapp  for  many  of  its  best  and  most 
beautiful  buildings.  There  were  some 
individuals  who  would  not  vote  for  the 
original  Horace  Greeley  for  President,  but 
everybody  will  vote  that  Horace  Greeley 
Knapp    is    a   first-class   architect. 


From   the   Mannfncturer   and   Bnllder. 

Mr.  Horace  Greeley  Knapp  is  an  archi- 
tect   of   superior    ability. 


From    the    Bujtnlo    Courier. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Knapp.  one  of  our  brightest 
and  best  architects,  has  successfully 
solved  the  problem  of  a  perfect  portable 
building    system. 


From    the    New    York    Press. 

Mr.  Horace  Greeley  Knapp  is  the 
genius  who  has  given  us  such  gems  of 
architecture,  and  whose  creations  are  so 
in  harmony  with  the  surroundings  of  na- 
ture. The  marvel  is  how  Mr.  Knapp  com- 
bines the  elegance  and  workmanship  of 
a  costly  structure  in  buildings  of  very 
moderate  cost. 


From    the   Jewish    Messenger. 

HORACE    GREELEY    KNAPP, 

Architect. 

The  distinguishing  characteristics  and 
established  rules  of  practice  of  this  able 
and  talented  architect  have  met  with 
widespread  appreciation  during  the  past 
eighteen  years,  and  conspicuously  illus- 
trate the  value  of  a  thorough,  practical, 
and  theoretical  training  united  with  ar- 
tistic feeling  and  a  faithful  devotion  to 
both  patrons  and  profession.  Buildings 
erected  from  Mr.  Knapp's  designs  have 
i7ivariably  sustained  a  valuation  far  in 
advance  of  their  cost.  This  is  accom- 
plished by  scientific  and  skilled  con- 
struction, originality,  and  artistic  excel- 
lence, without  extra  cost ;  personal  and 
prompt  attention  to  every  detail ;  active 
and  thorough  supervision,  with  practical 
experience  and  skill  to  execute  as  well 
as  direct ;  clear  and  explicit  specifica- 
tions and  full-sized  working  details. 


STEPHEN  P.  PETITT 


Stephen  Petitt,  Sheriff  of  Nassau  I  expanse  of  lawn.     The  jail,   over  his  office.     He  is  well  and  favor- 
County,  holding  this  important  of-!  which  Sheriff  Petitt  presides,  is  a  j  ably  known  to  the  residents  of  the 

i 
fice  and  fulfilling  its  many  arduous  |  model  prison  in  every  sense  of  the 

duties    to    the   satisfaction    of    all.  1  word,  and  one  larger  communities 


county,  who  find,  in  having  busi- 
ness with  the  sheriff's  office,  their 


Nassau  County  Courthouse  and  jail 
are    buildings    any    county    might 


could  well  pattern  after.     Sheriff  i  matters  are  handled  with  dispatch 


Petitt  has  to  his  credit  of  perform- 


well  be  proud  of.  The  courthouse,  I  ing  his  many  duties  (some  of 
presenting  a  beautiful  appearance,  1  which  are  necessarily  bound  to  be 
is  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  wide  I  unpleasant)  in  a  manner  befitting 


and  in  an  intelligent  manner  by 
the  Sheriff  and  all  his  efficient  staff 
under  him. 


64 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT   MEN   OF   LONG    ISLAND 


CHARLES  H.  REDFIELD 


"A  man  who  can  make  such  a  success 
of  his  private  life  and  private  business 
ought  to  make  a  good  public  official," 
said  the  electorate  of  Southampton  town- 
ship in  the  spring  of  1913,  so  they  prompt- 
ly chose  Charles  H.  Redfield  of  West- 
hampton  Beach  to  head  their  town  gov- 
ernment and  represent  them  on  the 
Board  of  Supervisors.  Taking  a  back- 
ward glance  now  and  carefully  mentally 
itemizing  his  very  business-like  admin- 
istration and  noting  his  square,  open  and 
above-board  way  of  doing  things,  they 
are  inclined  to  congratulate  themselves 
on   their  wisdom. 

In  discussing  Mr.  Redfield  we  have 
another  case  of  Brooklyn  and  eastern 
Long  Island  swapping  good  men — Suf- 
folk County  born  men  go  to  the  City  of 
Churches  and  make  good ;  Brooklyn's 
sons  come  to  Suffolk  County  and  do  like- 
wise. Mr.  Redfield  was  born  in  Brooklyn, 
April  16.  1S70.  the  son  of  Edwin  H.  and 
Carrie  Cullum  Redfield  of  Sag  Harbor, 
citizens  of  whom  Sag  Harbor  had  Just 
cause  to  be  proud,  because  of  many  ex- 
cellent traits  of  citizenship.  Charles  H. 
moved  to  Sag  Harbor  when  9  years  old. 
There  he  spent  his  boyhood,  attending 
school  under  that  well-known  instructor, 
the  Rev.  John  J.  Harrison,  whose  mem- 
ory is  revered  by  many  Suffolk  County 
"boys."  Subsequently,  Mr.  Redfield  en- 
tered the  employ  of  the  Fahys  Company 
and  learned  the  engraver's  trade,  work- 
ing as  an  expert  in  that  profession  for 
several  years,  filling  positions  in  Phila- 
delphia, Trenton  and  elsewhere,  as  well 
as   in   Sag   Harbor. 

Seventeen  years  ago  it  occurred  to  him 


^X 


/^"^ ' 


if 


'f^ 

i 

^ifl    m 

WP 

0.wJ«n 

JHW 

^  J^-A  W.S 

S                                  JWXMCM- 

~i 

!i. 


that  he  wanted  a  business  of  his  own. 
so  he  learned  the  plumbing  business  and 
entered  into  partnership  with  William  S. 
Grimshaw,  establishing  a  business  at 
Westhampton  Beach.  By  strict  applica- 
tion to  business  and  square  dealing  with 
the  public,  the  business  prospered  from 
the  start.  It  is  now  one  of  the  biggest 
and   best   known   in   the   county.      It   exe- 


cuted the  big  contract  at  Suffolk's  new 
Jail ;  it  has  the  big  contract  for  the  new 
school  at  Port  Jefferson.  These  two 
alone  are  sufficient  to  Illustrate  the  size 
of  the  business.  * 

Practically  ever  since  he  first  went  to 
Westhampton  Beach  he  has  been  one  of 
the  prominent  men  there,  taking  an  ac- 
tive part  in  every  good  work  that  seeks 
as  its  end  the  advancement  of  the  vil- 
lage. For  years  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education,  Is  now  a  fire- 
man. Is  Interested  in  the  development 
of  real  estate,  and.  generally  speaking, 
is  a  part  and  parcel  of  the  civic  as  well 
as  the  political  and  governmental  ma- 
chinery of  the  town.  Fraternally,  he  is 
prominent  in  the  Masonic  orders,  belong- 
ing to  Riverhead  Lodge,  Suwasset  Chap- 
ter. Patchogue;  was  a  charter  member 
of  Patchogue  Commandery,  and  belongs 
to  Kismet  Temple.  He  is  also  a  membei 
of  the  Mechanics  and  the   Oddfellows. 

He  married  Lena  Heidlngsfeldcr  of 
Manhattan.     They  have   no   children. 

As  a  member  of  the  Supervisors  he  not 
only  looks  carefully  after  the  interests 
of  his  town  constituents,  but  of  the 
whole  county.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
most  important  committees — Repair  .\nd 
Supplies  and  Roads — and  is  extremely 
valuable  in  both.  As  to  classification,  he 
is  a  Democrat,  but  with  him  politics 
come  last  when  the  public's  business  is 
being  considered.  He  has  a  pleasing  t.er- 
sonallty  that  converts  an  acquaintince 
into  a  friend,  and  this  knack,  coupled 
with  his  business  ability,  makes  a  man 
to  whom,  it  is  reasonable  to  except,  the 
public   will   give   further   him.irs. 


JAMES  EARLY 


rn  selecting  clerks  for  the  large  and 
prosperous  town  of  Southampton,  there 
has  been  an  unbroken  record  of  suc- 
cesses for  over  250  years.  Not  the 
least  of  these  successes  came  when 
James  A.  Early  of  Sag  Harbor  was 
chosen  in  that  capacity  in  the  spring 
of  1913.  Southampton  is  peopled  by 
a  steady-going,  conservative  class,  who 
look  before  they  leap,  who  consider 
well  character  and  fitness  before 
they  elect,  and  who  naturally,  because 
of  their  pure  Americanism,  believe  in 
"by  their  work  ye  shall  know  them." 
And  that's  how  they  know  Mr.  Early 
and  that's  why  they  believe  in  him — 
because  they  had  closely  followed  his 
career  from  boyhood  and  believed  he 
would  serve  the  town  well.    He  has. 

Mr.  Early  was  born  in  the  good  old 
town    of   Sag    Harbor   on   August    11, 
1881,    a   son   of   Thomas   and    Bridget 
Early,  citizens  held  in  high  regard  for } 
their     sterling      qualities,     and     who 
reared  their  family  in  that  careful  way: 
that   impresses  on   them  the  necessity  j 
of  a  strict  adherence  to  moral  virtues  i 
if  one  would   reach  the  most  success- 1 
ful  goals  in  life.    Starting  out  with  that 
equipment,  it  is  not  surprising  that  we 
find  the  subject  of  this  sketch  holding 
important  positions   in  early   manhood  I 


and  being  honored  by  carefully  critical 
neighbors. 

Mr.  Early's  schooling  was  received ' 
in  the  Sag  Harbor  Parochial  School 
and  in  that  broader  school  of  mingling 
closely  with  the  public,  absorbing  and 
exchanging  ideas  by  keeping  eyes  and 
ears  open.  Reaching  his  majority,  he 
affiliated  himself  with  the  Democratic 
party  and  did  much  good  work  for  that 
political  cause.  His  temperament  is 
genial  to  the  last  degree  without  being 
burdensome;   he   is   broadminded    and 


charitable  without  self  consciousness. 
Seven  years  "on  the  road"  in  commer- 
cial lines  made  him  a  close  student  of 
human  nature,  and  being  quick  in  in- 
tellect he  was  able  to  turn  his  knowl- 
edge to  good  account  when  the  occa- 
sion demanded.  Naturally,  a  man  with 
these  attainments  and  one  living  the 
good  life  he  had  lived,  is  popular  where 
best  known,  so  when  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  Town  Clerk  in  a  big  Republi- 
can town  to  defeat  C.  Arthur  Payne  it 
was  confidently  believed  by  his  friends 
that  he  could  accomplish  the  trick,  and 
he  did.  Since  taking  charge  of  the  of- 
fice he  has  accomplished  many  reforms 
for  the  benefit  of  the  town,  and  the 
people  generally  are  glad  they  put  him 
there. 

Another  remarkable  instance  of  pub- 
lic honor  came  a  few  days  after  his 
selection  as  Town  Clerk  when  the 
Supervisors,  representing  ten  towns, 
picked  him  from  a  large  class  of  aspi- 
rants for  the  important  job  of  Clerk  of 
the  Supervisors.  This  position  is  not 
only  a  most  important  one,  but  the 
work  is  arduous  and  intricate,  yet  Mr. 
Early  is  performing  his  duties  in  a 
way  so  capable  to  the  Board  that  he 
has  just  been  re-elected  for  another 
term. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


65 


CAMPBELL  &  DEMPSEY 


A  history  of  Suffolk  County  would 
be  far  from  complete  without  reference 
to  the  work  of  Campbell  &  Dempsey  in 
erecting  public  buildings.  Although 
not  to  the  "manner  born"  these  men  are 
almost  as  well  known  personally 
throughout  the  county  as  some  of  the 
native  sons;  and  in  passing  it  can  be 
said  that  they  are  thoroughly  known 
by  reputation,  and  a  mighty  good  repu- 
tation at  that. 

The  headquarters  of  the  firm  is  in 
Kingston.  There  they  are  rated  as 
among  the  best  contractors  —  wood, 
steel,  concrete,  brick  or  stone — in  that 
city.  There  their  reputation  is  of  long 
standing,  and  it  has  well  stood  the  test 
of  time  and  critics.  It  has  been  the 
good  fortune  of  many  private  concerns 
to  employ  them  in  structural  work  that 
required  accuracy,  skill  and  a  con- 
scientious application  to  duty. 

This  firm  first  came  into  prominence 
in  Suffolk  County  about  three  years 
ago  when  it  secured  a  contract  to  build 
the  county  "quarter-million  palace  jail" 
at  Riverhead.  Although  the  county  seat 
contains  many  excellent  and  modern 
buildings,  there  are  none  that  com- 
pares with  the  jail.  It  is  declared  by 
competent  critics  to  be  the  last  word  in 
prison  construction;   it   is  declared   to 


I  be  the  most  modern  jail  in  America  to- 
j  day.     It  is  a  beautiful  building  inside 

and  out.  Since  its  completion  hun- 
I  dreds  of  prominent  people,  many  of 
,  them  officials  from  distant  places,  have 

visited  and  closely  inspected  the  plant, 
I  and  nothing  but  words  of  praise  have 
I  been  heard,  particularly  as  to  the  ex- 
i  cellence   of   the   construction.     Grand 

juries  have  placed  an  official  O.  K. 
I  upon  it,  and  have  publicly  commended 
I  the  builders  for  giving  so  much  value 
'  for  the  money. 

These   contractors  think  nothing   of 

taking    hold    of    a    $250,000    contract. 

Their  reputation  is  such  that  the  usual 

bonds  are  quickly  supplied  them.  Their 

intimate  knowledge  of  every  branch  of 
i  building  construction  work  is  of  prime 
I  importance  to  those  who  engage  them, 
i  for  there  is  the  assurance  that  these 
I  men  carefully  look  after  every  detail. 
'  The  firm  is  constantly  employed  on 
j  big  jobs.  Often  they  have  several  jobs 
I  under  way  at  the  same  time,  while  the 
j  contractors  themselves  travel  back  and 
;  forth   between  them  constantly,  giving 

instructions  to  their  equally  capable 
I  foremen.  They  are  called  to  all  parts 
j  of  the  State  to  execute  work  of  an  ex- 
[  acting  nature.     They  have  built  bank 


buildings  and  churches  and  schools, 
and  big  private  residences,  as  well  as 
business  blocks  and  jails.  Speaking  of 
jails,  it  is  pertinent  here  to  add  that 
the  handsome  jail  at  Monticello,  Sulli- 
van County,  and  the  one  at  Poughkeep- 
sie  were  both  recently  erected  by  the 
Campbell  &  Dempsey  firm. 

Returning  to  their  part  in  the  history 
of  Suffolk  it  is  interesting  to  note  that 
while  this  is  being  written  they  are 
erecting  the  county's  most  modern 
school  house — the  Port  Jefferson  High 
School — which  is  to  cost  nearly  SlOO,- 
000,  and  they  are  also  erecting  the 
large  addition  to  the  Suffolk  County 
Clerk's  office,  to  cost  about  $50,000. 
In  these  two  latter  jobs  the  work  so  far 
done  is  spoken  of  as  comparing  very 
favorably  with  the  completed  jail  at 
Riverhead.  And  when  these  are  com- 
pleted the  Campbell  &  Dempsey  firm 
will  need  no  further  recommendations 
to  Suffolk  County  people  as  builders 
of  skill  and  conscience. 

Both  members  of  the  firm  are  per- 
sonally popular  wherever  known,  and 
make  friends  by  the  score — friendships 
cemented  by  a  jovial  nature  and  a  well 
grounded  impression  of  strict  honesty 
and  square  dealing. 


S.  F.  ROBINSON 


Samuel  F.  Robinson,  Supervisor 
of  the  Town  of  Brookhaven,  is  a 
member  of  a  historic  Long  Island 
family.  Mr.  Robinson  is  promi- 
nent as  a  business  man,  and  in 
public  office  he  has  shown  himself 
to  be  in  favor  of  business  admin- 
istration of  the  people's  affairs. 

Mr.  Robinson  was  born  in  East 
Patchogue  in  1870.  He  is  a  son 
of  the  late  Terry  Robinson,  and 
up  to  his  death  a  few  years  ago 
was  associated  with  him  in  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Robinson  and  his  father 
were  the  first  of  Long  Islanders 
to  engage  in  the  artificial  manu- 
facture of  ice,  and  in  that  business 
the  firm  has  been  most  successful. 
In  1893  Mr.  Robinson  married  Ada 
Tuttle  of  Wading  River.  They 
have  no  children  of  their  own,  but 


they  have  one  adopted  daughter. 
Mr.  Robinson's  entrance  into 
politics  was  in  1911,  when  he  was 
elected  overseer  of  the  poor  of 
Brookhaven  Town.  He  served  in 
that  office  efficiently,  and  while  he 
was   always   mindful    of   the   eco- 


nomic interests  of  the  taxpayers, 
yet  he  ever  had  an  open  ear  and 
open  heart  to  the  appeal  of  the 
real  needy. 

The  spring  of  1913  found  Mr. 
Robinson  a  candidate  for  super- 
visor on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and 
he  was  elected.  During  his  term 
of  office  he  has  manifested  an  in- 
terest in  the  economic  and  efficient 
administration  of  the  people's 
business,  and  directly  as  a  result 
of  his  work  several  needed  reforms 
have  been  made.  He  was  a  leader 
in  the  fight  against  paying  out  the 
town's  money  for  poorly  construct- 
ed state  roads,  and  the  result  has 
been  that  some  indictments  and 
convictions  have  been  found,  and 
the  people  of  Brookhaven  vindi- 
cated. 


66 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


DR.  FREDERICK  CHARLES  MERRITT 


Dr.  Frederick  Charles  Mer- 
ritt,  for  twenty-two  years  a 
practicing  physician  and  sur- 
geon, whose  residence  and  office 
is  now  at  Sayville,  is  well  known 
among  Long  Island's  prominent 
physicians.  He  has  a  large  prac- 
tice extending  from  Blue  Point 
to  Islip. 

Dr.  Merritt  was  born  in 
Waterford,  Ontario,  Canada,  on 
July  4,  1868,  the  son  of  Dr. 
Joseph  A.  Merritt  and  Sarah 
Mariah  Dolson  Merritt.  Fol- 
lowing in  his  father's  footsteps, 
he  had  a  liking  for  the  medical 
profession,  and  following  his 
preparatory  education  at  the 
Collegiate  Institute,  Toronto,  he 
entered  the  University  of  Trinity 
College,  Toronto,  where  he  took 
up  the  study  of  medicine.  He 
was  a  keen  student  and  had  a 


special  leaning  toward  the  sur- 
gical science  of  his  profession. 

He  graduated  from  Trinity 
with  honors  in  1892,  and  at  once 
entered  the  General  Hospital  in 
Toronto,  where  he  served  as  in- 
terne for  one  year. 

In  1893  Dr.  Merritt  came  to 


Long  Island  seeking  restoration 
for  his  broken  health.  He  served 
for  a  time  as  a  surgeon  at  the 
Kings  Park  State  Hospital,  and 
later  he  came  to  Sayville,  where 
he  started  the  building  of  his 
present  large  praltice. 

Dr.  Merritt  was  married  in 
1906  to  Evelyn  Woods  of  Brook- 
lyn, daughter  of  John  A.  Woods, 
;  corporation  counsel  of  the  West- 
inghouse  Electric  Company. 
They  have  no  children. 

Dr.  Merritt  is  a  Mason  and  an 
Odd  Fellow.  He  is  also  medical 
examiner  of  the  Royal  Arcanum. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Suffolk 
County  Medical  Society,  the  As- 
sociated Physicians  of  Long  Is- 
land, the  New  York  State  Med- 
ical Society,  the  American  Med- 
ical Association  and  the  Cana- 
dian Club  of  New  York. 


Hiram  R.  Smith,  Supervisor  of 
Hempstead  Town,  is  a  resident  of  Free- 
port,  wliere  lie  has  lived  all  his  life. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Board  of  Super- 
visors on  the  15th  of  March,  1913,  as 
the  candidate  of  the  Republican  party, 
despite  the  fact  that  the  Progressives 
also  had  a  candidate.  He  was  instru- 
mental, to  a  great  degree,  in  securing 
the  preferential  primaries,  and  the  first 
held  in  New  York  State  were  the  pri- 
maries in  Hempstead  Town  at  which 
he  was  nominated  for  the  office  of 
supervisor.  He  has  always  taken  a 
keen  interest  in  governmental  affairs, 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  leaders  of 
thought  in  Nassau  County.  In  private 
life  he  is  a  banker,  and  until  a  few 
weeks  ago  was  the  president  of  a  well- 
known  financial  institution  of  Rock- 
ville    Centre.      He    retired    from    this 


HIRAM  R.  SMITH 

position  owing  to  the  stress  of  public 
business,  but  the  directors  insisted 
upon  his  retaining  an  interest  in  the 
institution  and  he  was  urged  to  become 
chairman  of  the  board  of  directors, 
which  position  he  reluctantly  consented 
to  take.  He  has  large  real  estate  hold- 
ings on  the  south  side  of  Hempstead 
Town,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men 
of  affairs  in  that  section  of  Nassau 
County.  Prior  to  his  incumbency  of 
the  office  of  supervisor  he  was  keenly 
interested  in  educational  matters,  and 
for  fourteen  years  was  a  member  of 
the  Freeport  Board  of  Education.  The 
latter  part  of  his  term  of  service  he 
was  chairman  of  the  board.  In  ad- 
dition to  his  service  in  the  cause  of 
education,  he  is  well  known  as  a  philan- 
thropist. As  vice  president  of  the  Nas- 
sau   Hospital   Association   he  is   well 


known  to  the  residents  of  Nassau 
County.  This  position  has  occupied 
a  great  portion  of  his  time,  but  not- 
withstanding his  numerous  activities 
he  has  devoted  himself  unselfishly  to 
the  interests  of  the  Nassau  Hospital. 
Two  years  ago  when  a  financial  cam- 
paign was  being  made  for  that  insti- 
tution he  gave  up  weeks  of  his  time. 
Since  his  incumbency  of  the  office  of 
supervisor  he  has  made  a  study  of  road 
conditions.  Hempstead  is  the  largest 
and  richest  town  in  New  York  State, 
and  the  upkeep  of  the  roads  is  the  vital 
question.  Although  not  familiar  with 
road  building,  Supervisor  Smith  has 
made  an  earnest  study  of  the  condi- 
tions and  when  his  term  of  office  will 
be  completed  the  Town  of  Hempstead 
will  have  a  thoroughly  modern  system 
of  roads. 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


67 


LeRoy  J.  Weed  of  Garden  City  is  an 
up-State  man,  but  to  use  his  own  ex- 
pression, "A  Long  Islander  by  choice." 
He  was  born  in  Schenectady  and  was 
graduated  from  Union  College.  After 
the  completion  of  his  college  course 
he  engaged  in  the  school  book  business 
and  is  very  well  known  to  the  school 
men  not  only  of  Nassau  County  but 
throughout  the  State.  His  political  as- 
pirations have  been  with  a  view  of 
securing  better  educational  facilities, 
and  in  this  he  has  had  the  support  of 
the  school  men  of  the  county.  In  fact, 
it  was  at  their  solicitation  that  he  be- 
came a  candidate  for  the  Assembly, 
when  the  Progressive  party  was  organ- 
ized he  was  one  of  the  original  organ- 
izers and  has  been  a  consistent  member 
of  the  party  ever  since.  He  was  a  can- 
didate for  the  office  of  assessor  on  the 
Progressive    ticket    in    the    spring    of  1 


LE  ROY  J.  WEED 

1913,  and  although  defeated  ran  far 
ahead  of  his  ticket.  Last  fall  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  his  friends  he 
became  the  candidate  of  his  narty  for 
the  Assembly  and  was  subsequently 
indorsed  by  the  Democratic  party.  Al- 
though his  opponent  was  Controller 
John  Lyon,  one  of  the  most  popular 
and  strongest  men  in  Nassau  County, 
he  was  elected  by  a  handsome  plural- 
ity. His  career  in  the  Assembly  has 
been  an  eventful  one.  Representing  as 
he  does  the  Democratic  and  Progres- 
sive parties  with  greatly  divergent  in- 
terests, so  tactful  has  he  been  that  he 
will  no  doubt  receive  a  renomination 
from  the  Democratic  party.  He  has 
been  the  author  of  many  very  striking 
articles  of  legislation,  and  his  cham- 
pionship of  a  county  commission  for 
the  revision  of  the  government  of 
Nassau   County   has  endeared   him   to 


the  residents  of  the  county.  What  has 
brought  him  particularly  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  taxpayers  of  the  county  was 
his  attempt  to  remove  the  administra- 
tion of  water  district  from  the  realm  of 
politics.  The  water  systems  of  the 
county  are  supported  by  the  taxpayers, 
and  he  will  have  the  undivided  support 
of  the  property  owners  of  the  county. 
Mr.  Weed  has  made  great  sacrifices  to 
serve  the  people  of  the  county,  and  his 
constant  devotion  to  the  duties  of  the 
office  has  necessitated  his  absence 
from  his  business.  He  is  doubtful 
about  becoming  a  candidate  for  the  of- 
fice again,  but  a  non-partisan  organi- 
zation has  been  formed  with  the 
avowed  purpose  of  securing  his  re- 
election. He  may  be  prevailed  upon 
to  again  become  the  candidate.  He  re- 
sides in  a  pretty  home  in  Garden  City 
with  his  wife  and  children. 


HARRY  B.  HOWELL 


It  Is  an  acknowledged  fact  that  bank- 
ing Institutions  have  played  an  Import- 
ant part  In  the  development  of  Suffolk 
County.  They  go  hand  in  hand  with 
Its  prosperity.  Speaking  of  banks,  one 
that  naturally  comes  first  to  mind,  be- 
cause of  its  size  and  standing,  is  the 
Suffolk  County  National  of  Riverhead. 
and  in  thinking  of  this  bank  the  name 
of  Harry  B.  Howell,  its  efficient  cashier. 
Is  immediately  linked  with  it,  because 
of  his  prominence  In  the  banking  world 
of  the  county. 

Mr.  Howell  is  a  native  son  of  River- 
head,  and  the  village  is  proud  of  it. 
He  is  one  of  the  country  boys  who 
has  stayed  at  home  and  made  good  in 
many  different  ways,  and  in  making 
good  personally  he  has  also  been  ma- 
terially responsible  for  the  wonderful 
growth  of  the  bank  with  which  he  Is 
connected. 

He  has  been  associated  with  the  bank 
almost  from  the  time  it  opened  its  doors 
in  1892,  first  as  assistant  cashier  and 
for  several  years  as  cashier.  Though 
bearing  the  title  of  assistant,  he  was 
virtually  the  "head  and  tail"  of  the  bank 
in  those  early  days.  The  institution  pros- 
pered mightily  from  the  very  beginning. 
Even  many  of  the  directors  will  say  that 
Its  commanding  position  now  is  most 
largely  due  to  Mr.  Howell's  pleasing  per- 
sonality and  business  capabilities.  In 
fact  the  bank  has  prospered  so  greatly 
under  his  management  that  it  has  paid 
15  per  cent,  annually  to  the  lucky  stock-    dent    of    Brooklyn.      The    subject   of    this 

i^^^Vi        ,,    .  -  sketch  was  born  November  18,   1866.     His 

Mr.  Howell  Is  a  son  of  Benjamin  F.  ,  education  was  obtained  only  In  the  high 
"°r  of  '*'**°„^  promment^rnanhere,  and  |  schools  of  his  village.  Always  courteous, 
•nr  /^   o     „„„  »  „       .,,  ,.    _  ■      alwBys   Smilingly   optimistic,    always  with 


who  at  one  time  was  a  well-known  resi- 


a  hand  ready  and  a  heart  eager  to  help 
one  in  distress,  it  is  little  wonder  that 
he  became  one  of  the  most  popular  young 
men  in  the  village.  With  the  same  quali- 
fications becoming  more  pronounced  as  he 
accumulated  years  it  is  again  little  won- 
der that  he  became  popular  as  a  busi- 
ness man,  and  that  prosperity  smiled  on 
his  business  efforts.  Aside  from  making 
a  success  in  the  banking  line  he  en- 
gages in  a  wholesale  fish  and  retail 
store  business  at  Montauk,  as  the  head 
of  the  Montauk  Fish  and  Supply  Company, 
which  is  also  eminently  successful  un- 
der his  management.  Likewise  he  be- 
came a  realty  investor,  and  has  been  suc- 
cessful   in    that,    too. 

In  1907  he  was  elected  Supervisor  of 
the  town  of  Riverhead  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket.  His  majority  was  the  largest 
ever  given  to  any  candidate  in  his  town. 
It  was  a  fitting  recognition  of  his  popu- 
larity and  qualifications.  He  served  two 
years  with  distinctive  credit  to  himself 
and  his  town's  affairs  were  most  care- 
fully looked  after.  He  declined  a  re- 
nomination.  For  many  years  he  was 
treasurer  of  the  Suffolk  County  Agricul- 
tural Society,  and  a  manager  of  that  so- 
ciety's big  fair.  He  resigned  that  po- 
sition to  give  more  time  to  his  private 
business   and   the   bank. 

His  wife  was  Miss  Frances  B.  Wells, 
who  also  formerly  lived  in  Brooklyn. 
They  have  no  children.  Generally  speak- 
ing, Mr.  Howell  has  for  many  years 
taken  a  most  active  interest  in  all  the 
civic  and  social  affairs  of  the  town  and 
village,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
prominent  citizens.  His  acquaintance  is 
a  delightful  one  to  possess,  and  he  num- 
bers intimate  friends  by  the  score.  His 
great  drawing  card  of  personal  popularity 
is  in  meeting  all,  rich  or  poor,  on  tile 
level    and    acting    on    the    square. 

Fraternally  he  has  held  various  of- 
fices in  Riverhead  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M., 
and  is  also  an  Odd  Fellow. 


68 


Eagle  Library— SOME    PROMINENT    MEN    OF    LONG    ISLAND 


LEMUEL  B.  GREEN 

Justice  of  the  Peace  L.  B.  Green  ot  Pat- 
choffue,  one  of  Long  Island's  prominent  men, 
was  bom  at  Belmar,  N.  J.,  on  January  26, 
1856.  He  was  the  son  of  the  late  Samuel  M. 
and  Deborah  Qreen  of  Brooklyn. 

At  the  age  of  4  years  he  went  with  his 
parents  to  Montpelier,  Surry  County,  Va., 
where  his  parents  had  a  plantation.  His 
father  was  mortally  wounded  in  the  Battle  of 
Gettysburg. 

In  1S68  he  came  North  and  located  at  Hemp- 
stead, L.  I.  He  entered  newspaper  work  as  a. 
compositor  In  the  spring  of  1876,  and  later 
became  associate  editor  of  the  Suffolk  County 
Journal,  then  published  at  Northport.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1884,  he  established  the  Patchogue 
Argus,  a  live  weekly  paper,  ot  which  he  Is 
still  owner  and  editor. 

Judge  Green  took  a  keen  Interest  in  politics 
as  a  young  man,  always  leaning  toward  the 
principles  of  the  Democratic  party.  Although 
he  has  always  loyally  supported  his  party  In 
his  newspaper,  he  has  never  permitted  It  to  be 
a  party  organ  where  public  welfare  was  In 
jeopardy.     He  has  never  sought  political  office 

His  only  public  office  Is  the  one  which   he 


now  holds  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  to 
which  he  was  elected  five  years  ago.  His  pres- 
ent term  expires  on  December  31  of  this  year. 
He  ran  fifty  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket  In  his 
own  election  district. 

Judge  Green  was  married  In  ISSO,  on  No- 
vember 24,  to  Minnie  Bunce  of  Northport. 
They  have  two  sons.  Arthur  P.  Green  and 
Alden  W.  Green,  both  of  whom  are  associated 
with  their  father  In  the  newspaper  business. 
Judge  Green  has  been  an  officer  In  the  New 
York  State  Press  Association,  New  York  State 
Democratic  Association,  and  Is  president  of 
the  Suffolk  County  Press  Association.  He  Is 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and  for  sixteen 
years  was  secretary  of  South  Side  Lodge  No. 
403.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  secretary  of  Suwassett 
Chapter  No.  195,  Royal  Arch  Masons,  for  fif- 
teen years.  He  Is  a  charter  member  of  Pat- 
chogue Commandery  No.  65.  Knights  Templar, 
and  Is  a  member  of  Kismet  Temple,  A.  A.  O. 
N.  M.  S.  of  Brooklyn.  He  has  served  aa 
district  deputy  grand  master  of  the  Odd  Fel- 
lows of  the  First  District,  and  In  that  office 
formed  the  Second  District  of  Suffolk  County. 
He  belongs  to  other  fraternities.  He  is  a 
member  of  Engine  Hose  Company  of  Patchogue, 
and  has  been  its  treasurer  for  twenty-one 
years.  He  is  enthusiastic  in  his  support  of 
anything  that  tends  to  promote  the  interests  of 
the  volunteer  fire  fighters.  He  Is  also  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  New 
York  State  Waterways  Association. 


When  the  Suffolk  County  Shellfish  HT  4  ¥  I  *  nV 
Commissioners  learned,  in  1904,  through  I  W  Al  .1  ■  Al  K 
a    legislative   act,    that   It   was    necessary     "  r^LiLil-L\yRj 

to  employ  a  skilled  engineer  to  make ' 
maps  of  the  vast  waters  of  Gardiner's 
and  Peconic  bays  and  their  tributaries 
for  the  purpose  of  plotting  the  val- 
uable oyster  grounds  and  the  natural 
shell  beds  of  those  bays,  they  selected 
Wallace  H.  Halsey  of  Bridgehampton  to 
do  the  work.  It  was  soon  found  that 
their  selection  was  a  wise  one.  Indeed. 
For  two  years  he  worked  under  the  di- 
rection of  Erastus  F.  Post,  then  he  was 
made  the  official  county  engineer  of  shell 
fisheries,  a  position  that  he  still  holds 
with  credit  to  himself  and  the  county 
He  has  charge  of  40,000  acres  of  oyster 
lands  and  35,000  acres  of  natural  lands. 
The  work  necessary  to  prepare  the  maps 
was  intricate  and  arduous,  yet  he  ac- 
complished it  with  an  ease  that  betokens 
his  sidll  and  the  charts  and  maps  fur- 
nished tiie  county  are  models  of  ac- 
curacy, prepared  in  such  a  way  as  to 
be  readily  understood  by  even  a  "layman. 
The  service  he  performed  for  the  county 
has    been    valuable    indeed. 

In   addition   to   this   work,   Mr.   Halsev, 


as  a  skilled  engineer,  has  a  large  pri- 
vate practice.  He  has  held  many  im- 
portant positions  in  his  profession.  For- 
merly he  was  connected  with  Peter 
Elbert  Nostrand,  the  present  county  su- 
perintendent of  roads.  He  is  chief  en- 
gineer for  the  Devon  Estates  at  Amagan- 
sett.  For  a  time  he  was  one  of  the 
leading  engineers  in  the  construction  of 
the  joint  sewer  in  New  Jersey.  Still 
again  he  was  a  special  engineer  for 
the  Conser\'atlon  Commission.  These  are 
but  a  few  of  the  important  posts  he  has 
held,  but  which  speak  well  of  his  flt- 
'  ness  In  the  engineering  Iworld.  Otto 
W.  Van  Tuyl  Is  one  of  his  chief  assist- 
ants, the  two  making  a  team  that  lead 
in  their  profession.  Mr.  Halsey  also 
maintains  an  office  at  Greenport  as  well 
as    Bridgehampton. 

He  was  born  at  Bridgehampton,  July 
4,  1S81,  the  son  of  C.  E.  and  Isabel 
Haines  Halsey,  and  was  educated  prlncl- 
pally  at  the  Bridgehampton  Academy.  In 
(January,  1911,  he  married  Elizabeth 
I  Barnes  of  Amagansett.  He  has  a  wide 
acquaintance,  is  personally  popular,  and 
Is  regarded  as  a  citizen  of  the  highest 
type. 


ROBERT  E.  BISHOP 

Town  Clerk  of  the  town  of  Brookhaven,  Suffolk  County,  is  now  serving  his  sec- 
ond term,  first  taking  office  April  15,  1911.  Mr.  Bishop  is  a  native  of  Long  Island  and 
one  of  Patchogue's  progressive  business  men,  being  the  proprietor  of  large  bottling 
works.  Mr.  Bishop  has  to  his  credit  the  fact  that  both  times  he  has  run  for  office  of 
running  far  ahead  of  his  ticket. 


ELKANAH  S.  ROBINSON 


Elkanah  S.  Robinson,  postmaster  of 
Centre  Moriches,  comes  from  an  old 
Long  Island  family,  and  Mr.  Robin- 
son's name  is  a  familiar  one  on  the 
pages  of  the  public  records  of  Brook- 
haven  Town.  He  has  held  several  im- 
portant public  offices  and  is  widely 
known  throughout  the  town. 

Mr.  Robinson  was  born  in  Centre 
Moriches  in  1851.  He  is  the  son  of 
Hiram  Robinson,  now  enjoying  good 
health  at  the  age  of  91.  His  mother 
is  dead.  Mr.  Robinson  was  educated 
in  public  schools  at  Centre  Moriches. 


free  life  on  Great  South  Bay,  he  be- 
came a  bayman  as  a  young  man.  He 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  conservation 
and  supply  that  made  him  a  popular 
candidate  for  a  member  of  the  Town 
Board  of  Trustees,  whose  duty  it  is  to 
regulate  town  property  and  public 
waters,  and  he  was  elected  to  that  body 
in  1892.  He  served  as  a  member  for 
six  years,  his  final  term  expiring  in 
1898. 

In  1898  Mr.  Robinson  was  elected 
Highway  Commissioner  of  the  Town 
of  Brookhaven.    He  served  in  that  office 


On  May  24,  1912,  Mr.  Robinson  was 
appointed  postmaster  of  the  village  of 
Centre  Moriches,  and  his  term  will  ex- 
pire in  1916. 

Mr.  Robinson  married  Sarah  M. 
Baker  of  East  Moriches  in  1874.  They 
have  five  children,  all  living.  Mr. 
Robinson  is  a  member  of  the  Odd 
Fellows.  He  has  been  an  elder  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church  for  forty  years, 
having  been  ordained  at  the  age  of  22. 
He  is  associated  in  various  lines  of 
village  improvement  work  and  served 
as  President  of  the  Village  Improve- 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


69 


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70 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


PATCHOGUE  GARAGE  COMPANY 


is  situated  at  North  Ocean  avenue  and  Oak  street,  a  few  feet  north  of  Main  street. 
They  are  the  selling  agents  for  the  Cadillac,  Case  and  Ford  cars,  which  can  be  delivered 
immediately.  Mr.  J.  A.  Udall,  jr.,  is  president  and  treasurer.  Mr.  S.  L.  Tuthill,  man- 
ager. The  business  is  conducted  in  the  most  modern  style  and  the  garage  is  equipped 
with  every  improvement.  They  carry  a  full  line  of  supplies.  Expert  mechanics  are 
employed  on  repair  work.  Ample  room  for  storage  in  the  garage,  which  is  fireproof. 
Up-to-date  cars  can  be  rented  with  competent  chauffeurs,  at  moderate  rates.  Here  the 
automobilist  touring  the  Island  will  find  perfect  service  and  satisfaction. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


71 


THE  CLARENCE  M.  ROGERS  COMPANY 


At  Sayville,  Long  Island,  is  located  the  new  automobile  garage  of  the  Clarence  M. 
Rogers  Company,  erected  about  a  year  and  a  half  ago.  It  is  on  the  Merrick  road,  that 
great  highway  of  automobilists  touring  Long  Island.  The  garage  is  equipped  with  all 
the  modern  and  latest  improvements,  and  has  constantly  in  attendance  expert  mechan- 
icians. The  Rogers  Company  are  the  agents  of  the  famous  Ford  cars,  carrying  in  stock 
always  from  12  to  20,  thus  insuring  instant  delivery,  and  report  they  are  delivering  a  car 
a  day.  This  is  undoubtedly  the  best  equipped  garage  on  Long  Island,  and  is  the  only 
one  you  meet  on  the  Merrick  road  after  leaving  Sayville,  until  you  reach  Patchogue. 
The  new  State  road  now  being  built  will  pass  directly  in  front  of  their  door.  Auto- 
mobilists using  the  Parkway,  and  upon  reaching  Ronkonkoma  and  following  Lakeland 
avenue,  will  lead  them  directly  into  the  Merrick  road  at  Sayville,  from  which  they  can 
continue  their  journey  the  entire  length  to  the  South  Shore. 


72 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


CENTRAL   HOTEL 

PATCHOGUE 

The  Central  Hotel  location  on  Main  Street,  directly  opposite  the  Postoffice,  has 
been  established  over  40  years  and  is  the  best  known  hostelry  to  commercial  men  on 
Long  Island.  Here  all  the  boys  put  up.  The  present  proprietor,  Mr.  Fred  C.  Thurber, 
has  been  the  host  for  the  past  eleven  years,  and  is  one  good,  genial  fellow,  making  you 
feel  at  home  from  the  time  you  register  until  you  settle.  The  Central  Hotel  entertains 
many  automobile  parties  touring  the  Island  and  one  is  insured  a  good  meal  at  prices 
that  you  do  not  have  to  sell  the  car  to  pay  for  the  dinner  checks,  as  is  the  case  with 
many  road  resorts.  The  rooms  are  large  and  airy,  well  screened  and  comfortable.  The 
Great  South  Bay  is  only  a  mile  away,  easily  reached  by  permanent  guests  by  stage  or 
trolley,  running  every  few  minutes.  Mr.  Thurber  is  an  enthusiastic  yatchsman  and  has 
the  reputation  of  being  the  most  skilled  sailor  of  ice  boats  in  the  country,  his  scooter, 
"The  Eagle,"  holding  the  championship  of  the  Great  South  Bay.  Mr.  Thurber  is 
Commodore  of  the  Scooter  Club,  and  the  coming  winter  will  see  him  competing  with 
the  cracks  of  the  Shrewsbury. 


1680  JAMAICA. 


.  463  Fulton  Street, 

<dAMAICA,N.Y. 


Art  in  Portraiture 
Scientific  Lighting 
Artistic  Posing 
Snappy  Styles 


ESTABLISHED 
12   YEARS 


Legal,  Commercial, 
Architectural,  Landscape 
and  Flashlight 
Photography 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT.  73 


Farmhouse  for  rent,  on  Huntington  Bay — $500  season. 

FOR  SALE 

A  farm  of  106  acres,  near  Greenlawn  Station;  views  of  the  Sound  and 
Ocean,  at  $350  an  acre. 

Farm  of  112  acres  near  Huntington  Station;  fine,  level,  fertile  fields, 
with  excellent  building  site.    Price  $350  an  acre. 

Five-acre  farm  at  West  Hills.     All  kinds  of  fruit.     Price  moderate. 

Fifteen  room  house,  located  on  Huntington  Bay,  with  two  acres  of 
land;  bathing  and  dock  privileges.    Price  ^18, 500.    Rent  $900. 

For  sale  on  Huntington  Harbor,  a  boathouse  lot,  with  50-foot  shore 
front. 

For  sale,  beautiful  building  plots,  located  on  high  ground,  in  Hunting- 
ton village. 

Oyster  Bay  Cove — Fine  farms  of  65  acres  each,  high  elevation;  lake 
on  property. 

RICHARD  M.  CONKLIN  AGENCY 

Box  375,  Huntington,  L.  I. 


TliMOTHY  F.  SCUDDER 

SIGN  PAINTER 

Auto  and  Carriage  Painting 


NEW  YORK  AVENUE 

Opposite  L.  I.  Express  Office 

HUNTINGTON,  L.  I. 


74  Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 

Telephone,  358-M  Huntington  P.  0.  Box  129,  Huntington,  N.  Y. 

J.  H.  HEMINGWAY 


Oils  '^  —^    ™_        ^        Gasoline 

Greases  iliife?.^.^-^  .^.^  '"^^^^ .  Ejs        Batteries 


Soaps  V^  '"^^^MJMlBiBKkii        Etc.,  Etc. 


Steam  Vulcanizing  and  Garage 

AUTOMOBILE  SUPPLIES 

NEW  YORK  AVE.,  HUNTINGTON,  L.  I. 

CYLINDERS  CLEANED  BY  THE  NEW  OXYGEN  CARBON  PROCESS 


TELEPHONE  138 


J.  B.  F.  THOMSON 
Plumbing 


AND 


Heating 


Main  Street         Huntington,  N.  Y. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT.  75 


J.  D.  MARTENS 

WHITESTONE,  LONG  ISLAND 

Telephone,  Flushing  777-M 


Groceries,  Paints^  Hardware,  Etc.,  Etc. 

J.  D.  Martens  is  one  of  the  most  progressive  men  of  Whitestone.  In  all  matters  pertaining 
to  the  welfare  of  Whitestone  the  name  of  Martens  has  always  been  prominent. 

In  the  establishment  of  J.  D.  Martens  can  be  found  a  most  complete  line  of  Groceries, 
Paints,  Hardware,  etc.  Here,  under  one  roof,  you  can  find  all  the  necessities  of  a  home,  from 
the  time  you  build  your  foundation  until  its  occupancy,  while  the  Grocery  Department  is  fully 
equipped  and  well  stocked  to  minister  to  your  needs. 

The  business,  originally  founded  by  Mr.  Martens'  father  in  1865,  was  successfully  carried 
on  until  his  death  in  1 882,  at  which  time  Mr.  Martens  then  conducted  the  business  for  his  mother 
until  1 906,  when  he  assumed  control. 

All  interested  in  planting  can  find  a  most  complete  line  of  Seeds"  and  Garden  tools  at 
Martens'. 

J.  D.  MARTENS, 

EIGHTH  AVENUE  AND  EIGHTEENTH  STREET 
WHITESTONE,  L.  I. 


TELEPHONE  166 


Freeport  Artificial  Stone  Company 

TRANSPARENT  AND  ^""^     '^^^''^-^''^SlSS^^SS  GRANITE  CRYSTALS 

PASTE  WATERPROOFING  ^"^^^B^B  MARBLE  DUST 

LALLY  FIREPROOF  >                                         ^^H  PORTLAND  CEMENT 

COLUMNS  ^^^^^H  WHITE  CEMENT 

METAL  WALL  PLUGS  -                                                ^^|B  ETC.,  ETC. 

CONCRETE  BLOCKS 

Made  by  High  Pressure  Hydraulic  Press 

CORNER  LONG  BEACH  AVENUE  AND  LONG  ISLAND  RAILROAD 

(Adjoining  Standpipe) 

FREEPORT,  NEW  YORK 


76 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


FAR  ROCK  AWAY  GARAG] 


/ 


lie   [T" 


FAR  ROCKAWAY  GARAGE-MOH  &  SMITH,  Proprietors 

Cars  Stored  and  Cared  for  by  the  Week  or  Season.       First  Class  Cars  to  Hire — Expert  Mechanics  in  Attendance 
Agents  for  Hudson  and  E-M-F  Cars — Automobile  Supplies  and  Tires 

338-360  Central  Avenue  Far  Rockaway,  New  York 

Garage  Telephone  148  Far  Rockaway 


Knapp  Portable-Permanent  Building  System 


TELEPHONE  CONNECTIONS 

Portable-Permanent 

COTTAGES  &  VILLAS 
STORES,  STABLES 
CHURCHES,  THEATERS 
BOATHOUSES  &  PAVILIONS 
BUNGALOWS,  CABINS 
AUTOMOBILE  GARAGES      * 


NEW  YORK,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

DESIGNERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Portable-Permanent  Buildings 

IN  WOOD,  STEEL,  STUCCO  AND  OTHER  MATERIALS 

Folding  Furniture  and  Household  Accessories 

(Patents  Pending  in  the  U.  S.  and  All  Foreign  Coontries) 


CABLE:  "KNAPPORTA" 

Portable-Permanent 

OFFICE  BUILDINGS 
HOTELS,  SCHOOLS 
FACTORIES,  WAREHOUSES 
TUBERCULOSIS    HOSPITALS 
BOOTHS,  PLAYHOUSES 
BUILDINGS  FOR  EXPORT 


Pronounced  by  Eminent  Architects  and  Engineers  "The  System  to  Supersede  All  Others" 

"A  Revolution  in  the  Science  of  Construction" 

"No  Make  of  Portable  Houses  on  the  Market  Today  Equals  Those  of  the  Knapp  System" 

United  Stales  Trade  Reports. 

F*ortat>le   Garages 

Dwellings  and  All  Other  Buildings 

Desigrned  and  Constructed  Under  the 


KIMAF»F»     SYSXEIVI 

^\'hether  of  Steel,    Stucco,   "Wood   or  Other  Ma- 
terials.  Invariably  Sustain  an  Appraised 
Valuation   of 

Nearly  Double  Their  Actual  Cost 

AVe  are  Originators  and  Pioneers  In  Portables 
and  have  devoted  over  a  Quarter  of  a  Century 
to  the  development  of  this  marvelous  innova- 
tion in  building  methods,  whereby  we  Cut  the 
Cost  at  least  One-third  and  at  the  same  time 
enhance  the  Standard  of  Artistic  and  Structural 
Excellence. 

T\Tiether  you  wish  a  Modest  Bungalow  or  a 
Mammoth  Hotel,  a  Garage  or  a  Forty  Storj' 
Structure,  this  office  will  Most  Faithfully  and 
Efficiently  Ser\-e  and  Safeguard  Your  Interests. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


77 


THE  OLD  OAK  HOTEL 


About  one-half  mile  east  of  the  center  of  Patchogue,  on  Main 
street,  one  is  attracted  by  the  splendid  old  oak  trees  in  the  front 
of  mine  host  hotel,  very  appropriately  named  The  Old  Oak  Hotel. 
The  genial  boniface  presiding  over  this  truly  rural  hostelry  is  Mr. 
George  A.  Link,  an  old-time  Eastern  District  man.  Mr.  Link  is 
progressive  in  every  way.  The  grounds  adjoining  the  hotel  are  the 
meeting  place  of  the  Patchogue  baseball  and  football  teams.  Here 
automobilists  will  find  an  excellent  meal  awaiting  them  at  prices 
commensurate  with  good  service.  Permanent  and  transit  guests 
accommodated.  The  latest  bowling  alleys  are  installed,  and  for  a 
good  time  The  Old  Oak  Hotel  is  the  place  to  go.  Garage  on  grounds, 
with  expert  mechanic  in  charge. 


MORTGAGE  LOANS 


NOTARY  PUBUC 


JOSEPH  B.  SWEZEY 
REAL  ESTATE  AND  INSURANCE 


Roe's  Block,  Ocean  Avenue 

(ROOM    1) 


Farms  and  Country  Seats  My  Specialty 


PATCHOGUE,  N.  Y. 


J.  M.  HORTON  ICE  CREAM  CO. 

French  and  American  Ice  Cream,  Bisques,  Ices,  Charlotte  Russe, 
Fancy  Cakes  and  Pastry  of  All  Descriptions. 

Prices  as  Reasonable  as  Quality  Will  Allow 

Orders  From  One  Quart  to  Any  Amount  Promptly  Delivered 

1416  Fulton  St.,       BROOKLYN.        521  Fulton  St. 

Phone  3010   BEDFORD 


Why  Not  Live  in  Amity ville? 
The  Home  of  the  Amityville  Sun 
Paul  Bailey,  Publisher 


78 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


BOROUGH  PARK  CLUBHOUSE 

Under    Xcw    >Innageinent,    Nott 

CALLED 

BOROUGH  PARK  INN 

Block  front   13th  Av.,  OOtli  to   Blst   Sta. 

An  establishment  of  superiority  for  Weddings,  Recep- 
tions, Entertainments.  An  unexcelled  spacious  Dancing  Floor. 
MEALS   A   LA   CARTE. 
Unexcelled   Cuisine  at  All   Times. 
Unusual  facilities  for  private  club  meetings.    Organiza- 
tions will  be  shown  special  attention.    The  management  will 
be  pleased  to  show  facilities  and  quote  rates. 
Tel.  8169   Borough  Park. 
EXCELLENT   BOWLING   ALLEYS 
ERNEST  WILLIAMS,  Owner  and  Manager. 


LEO'S  INN,  PATCHOGUE,  L.  L 

Just  as  you  enter  Patchogue  from  the  west 
j-ou  notice  Leo's  Inn,  a  resort  for  automobilists 
conducted  by  Mr.  Leo  Waldheimer  and  his  good 
wife,  Mrs.  Waldheimer.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wald- 
heimer are  a  genial  pair  and  this  being  their  first 
year,  have  to  their  credit  the  entertaining  of 
many  prominent  people.  Facing  the  famous 
Merrick  road,  directly  in  front  of  West  Lake, 
makes  the  popular  resort  a  delightful  place  to 
visit. 


GRAVEL     ROOFING 


SPECIALTY 


Steel   Portable    Buildings  Fireproof   Garages 

MANUFACTURED  IN  BROOKLYN 

WILLIAM  BUCHANAN 

488-490-490V2  Sumner  Avenue  1587  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


79 


LONG  ISLAND'S 
NORTH    SHORE 


<^//V//^//'/V////'/V//y//'/Vy/^^^^ 


Estates,  Shore  Fronts,  Farms  and  Acreage 
at  Very  Attractive  Prices. 

Furnished  Cottages   for   Rent 

All  Inquiries  Receive  Prompt  and  Personal  Attention. 


W/M/WWM//WW/MMMWM///W/MMWW//W//W//////////M////M^^^ 


Daniel  M.  Gerard,  Huntington,  l.  i. 


SWAN  RIVER  NURSERIES 

As  you  journey  from  Patchogue  toward  Bellport  you  notice  a  sign,  Swan  River 
Nurseries,  conducted  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Avery.  Mr.  Avery  comes  from  an  historical  family 
and  the  ground  covering  over  60  acres,  occupied  by  the  nursery,  has  been  in  the  family 
over  150  years.  The  Swan  River  Nurseries  have  a  large  and  varied  assortment  of 
beautiful  ornamental  and  shade  trees,  showing  many  different  varieties.  A  visit  to 
this  establishment  is  well  worth  while.  Swan  River  Nurseries  have  furnished  trees 
and  plants  to  many  of  the  beautiful  estates  of  Southampton  and  other  towns  in  Suf- 
folk County. 


L.  F.  LUDWIG 

UPHOLSTERING 
AUTOMOBILE   TOPS    AND   TRIMMINGS 


Telephone  Huntington  358-R 


New  York  Avenue,  Huntington,  L.  I. 


80 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


THE  THIELER  BIRD  STORE 

H.  G.  SUTTON,  Manager 

Dealer  in  All  Kinds  of  Song  Birds,  Parrots,  Etc.,  Cages  and  Supplies 

"Our  Song  Restorer" — the  Best  on  the  Market 

Also  a  Fine  Assortment  of  All  Goldfish,  Japanese  Fantails  and  Fringetails,  Telescopes, 

Shubunkins,  Medaka  (the  New  Fish),  Golden  Orfe,  Etc 

AQUARIUMS   AND   ALL   KLNDS   OF   SUPPLIES 

33  FLATBUSH  AVENUE,  BROOKLYN,   N.  Y. 
Telephone  Main   7798 


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ISSUES  OF     1  rlLL   r>x^i^i^rL 


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The  six  week-day  issues  of  The  Brooklyn  Eagle 
represent  the  most  complete  afternoon  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  the  city.  It  is  the  only  daily  in  Brooklyn  that 
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In  addition,  it  has  experienced  correspondents  in  Wash- 
ington, Albany  and  in  all  important  cities.  A  valuable 
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affairs,  civic,  financial,  political  and  social. 

EACH   DAY 

in  addition  to  the  above.  The  Eagle  has  a  wide  range 
of  features.    Here  Is  a  schedule  of  some  of  them: 

MONDAY 

Two  full  pages  of  sermons  by  noted  ministers  of  all 
denominations  with  special  religious  news. 

TUESDAY 

Review  of  all  the  new  attractions  in  Manhattan  and 
Brooklyn  playhouses. 

WEDNESDAY 


Junor  Eagle  puzzle  solvers'  names- 
members. 


-New  puzzle  club 


THURSDAY 

Home  Dressmaking  Department,  Weekly  Public  Forum. 

FRIDAY 

The  Jewish  Review — An  article  on  Beauty  and  Hygiene 
— Humane  Club  news,  letters  from  members,  new  mem- 
bers, etc. 

SATURDAY 

News  of  Churches,  both  Catholic  and  Protestant — The 
weekly  real  estate  page — Reviews  of  the  new  books — 
News  of  women's  club's — Missionary  societies  and 
W.  C.  T.  U.— Table  and  kitchen  notes. 

SUNDAY 

Bright,  snappy  and  filled  with  many  features  in  its 
enlarged  form- — Magazine  Section,  freely  illustrated 
Special  Stories  by  special  writers — Two  pages  of  for- 
eign news  and  gossip.  Many  pages  of  sports,  profes- 
sional, amateur  and  scholastic.  A  Junior  Eagle  Section 
and  the  news,  local  and  general,  fully  covered. 

EVERY  DAY 

The  Eagle  contains  special  features  of  interest  to  men, 
women  and  children.  For  instance,  here  are  some  de- 
partments you  will  find  EVERY  DAY: 

PICTURE  SECTION 


WOMEN'S  DEFT. 
WALKS  AND  TALKS 
CHILDREN'S  DEPT. 


SPORTS 
SOCIETY 

BETWEEN  THE  LINES 
PAGE  OF  LONG  ISLAND 
NEWS 
SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGES 


i 

J 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT.  81 


Merrick  Park— The  Choice  of  Long  Island 

It  possesses  attractions  not  offered  by  other  subdivisions,  being  destined  to 
advance  in  value  more  rapidly  than  any  other  site  around  New  York  City. 

Merrick  Park  lies  in  the  heart  of  Jamaica,  in  the  Fourth  Ward  of  the  Bor- 
ough of  Queens,  in  the  healthiest  section  of  Long  Island.  The  climate  is  equable, 
tempered  by  the  ocean,  and  is  an  ideal  all-year-round  place  of  residence. 


r  <^^!i--' «:, 


'nicdl-smith: 


Beautiful  homes  surround  Merrick  Park.  Within  a  few  minutes'  walk  are  schools, 
churches,  libraries,  theaters,  banks  and  up-to-date  stores.  If  you  are  seeking  ideal 
transportation,  splendid  home  appointments,  beautiful  and  healthful  surroundings  at 
a  comparatively  moderate  price,  you  will  find  Merrick  Park  the  place  offering  more 
advantages  than  any  other  in  Greater  New  York. 

Purchasing  lots  in  Merrick  Park  at  present  prices  is  like  buying  gold  dollars  at 
a  liberal  discount. 

Write,  phone  or  call  for  booklet  and  full  particulars. 

The  Nicol-Smith  Company, 

Telephone  Greeley  430. 
820  Marbridge  Building,  34th  St.  and  Broadway,  New  York  City 


S.  GOHLIEB 

Mr.  S.  Gottlieb  of  43  Ocean  avenue,  Patchogue,  is  an  importer  and  wholesale  dealer 
in  wines  and  liquors,  has  been  established  eleven  years  and  carries  in  stock  a  full  selec- 
tion of  goods  in  his  line,  all  well-known  brands  being  represented.  Mr.  Gottlieb's  estab- 
lishment is  the  largest  of  its  kind  on  the  eastern  end  of  the  Island.  He  is  the  special 
agent  appointed  by  S.  Liebmann's  Sons  to  nandle  the  famous  Rheingold  beer,  brewed  by 
this  well-known  brewery.  Rheingold  beer  has  been  indorsed  by  physicians  everywhere 
as  a  healthful  and  nourishing  beverage. 


"The  Golden  Rod"  5c  and  10c  and  Variety  Store 

A  thousand  different  things,  useful  in  the  home,  shop,  office,  m  camp  and  on  the  road. 

IVIACHINfE     SHOF»    ANNEX: 

Mechanical   drawings,  pattern  makmg  and  machme  work.      Light    automatic    labor-saving    machinery    and    devices    designed 

and  constructed.  J\ieTe  %  Moncy  in  Simple  Inventions 

We  develop  mechanical  ideas  and  give  you  free  advice  as  to  their  probable  commercial  value, 

EDWARD  F.  SHORE,  Broadway,  Amityville,  L.  1. 

THE    BROOKLYN    DAILY    EAGLE 

Gives  All  the  Latest  Items  of  Interest  Every  Day  From  All  Over  Long  Island 

The  Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle  Is  73  Years  Young 

Its  Reliability  Is  Undisputed.  A  Great  Home  Newspaper. 


82 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Palms, Vines  and  Fresh  Flowers 

Supplied  and  Artistically  Arranged  for  Weddings  at  Reasonable  Rates 


FLORAL 

DECORATIONS 

FOR 

ALL 

OCCASIONS 


etc 


T^trr^ 


PLANTS 

AND 

FLOWERS 

DELIVERED 

ANYWHERE 


Thirty=five  Greenhouses 

HORTICULTURIST 

734  Fifth  Avenue 

Branches:  Fort  Hamilton  Parkway, 

TELEPHONES  27  South— 3410  Flatbush.  Gravesend  Av.,  and  291-313  24th  St. 

PLOTS    IN    GREENWOOD    CEMETERY    IMPRO\TED   AND   CARED   FOR. 


gXSXS®®®®®®«<iXi>®(iX5Xi)®®®SX9  i)®i)S>®®®lS®@&S®<tiSr^hsJfsf^ 


wOO 


i® 


WW 
WW 

®w 


Wi*) 

i 


COLLECT  YOUR  ACCOUNTS 

OUR   SYSTEM    PRODUCES    MAXIMUM     RESULTS. 

WE  COLLECT  AT  A  MINIMUM  COST. 

WE   COLLECT   FOR   EVERY   ONE   GIVING    CREDIT. 

WE  ARE   BONDED  FOR  $10,000.00  TO  PROTECT   OUR 

CLIENTS   FROM   ALL   LOSS. 


The  Only  Bonded  Collection  Association  in  the  World.    ^^ 

Write  Us  and  a  Representative  Will  Call, 

The  Allied  Mercantile  Profective  Ass'n  (Inc.) 

43  CEDAR  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Phone   1745   John 


'®®®®®®®®®®®®®' 
®®®®®®®® 


d)®®®®®S<5X£xj^^ 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


83 


DO 

YOU 

KNOW 


that  it  is  easier  to  go  to  the  nearby  North 
Shore  of  Long  Island  than  to  the  crowded 
apartment  house  sections  of  the  city? 

that  the  L.  I.  R.  R.  (Penn.  System)  runs 
the  finest  suburban  electric  train  service  in 
the  world? 

that  a  home  at  MALBA  provides  all  the  joys 
of  country  life  on  the  waterfront,  yet  is 
close  to  the  heart  of  Manhattan? 

that  Malba  is  in  the  Borough  of  Queens, 
which  at  present  is  the  most  favored  of  the 
boroughs  in  point  of  rapid  transit  improve- 
ments being  constructed  there  now  ? 

that  the  money  that  now  purchases  your 
rent  receipts  could  buy  you  a  charming 
country  cottage  at  MALBA — built  to  your 
order  if  desired? 


Information  concerning  the  above  sug- 
gested facts  is  more  fully  given  in  our 
pamphlet  C,  sent  free  upon  request. 


MALBA  ESTATES 
CORPORATION 

60  LIBERTY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


FOR  SALE 

A  Private  Residence 

IVcar  Sea  Beach  Subway  Sfation 

This  7-room  house  is  a  beauty.  No  one 
who  has  ever  seen  it  has  said  otherwise. 
Tiled  bath,  tiled  vestibule;  handsome  com- 
bination gas  and  electric  light  fixtures;  par- 
quet floors;  steam  heat  and  automatic  hot 
water  plant.  Cement  cellar,  with  laundry 
and  gas  heater.  Large  kitchen  gas  range. 
Duo-tone  shades  in  every  room.  Will  dec- 
orate to  suit.  On  beautiful,  quiet  street. 
Congenial  neighbors.  All  street  improve- 
ments. Exceptionally  fine  drinking  water. 
Typhoid  unknown.  Macadam  roads,  city 
sidewalks.  $500,000  school  in  course  of 
construction.    All  churches. 

THE  SUBWAY 

which  will  run  from  Columbus  Circle  down 
Broadway  (in  Manhattan),  across  the  Man- 
hattan Bridge,  up  Fourth  avenue  (in  Brook- 
lyn), to  Sixty-second  street,  and  down  to 
Coney  Island  (5  cent  fare),  will  have  three 
stations  within  reach  of  my  house.  Sub- 
way now  25 _%  completed;  guaranteed  to  be 
finished  April,  1915. 

TODAY'S  PRICE,  $5,500 

Value  in  12  Months  From  Today 
Is  Conservatively  Predicted  at  $7,500 

I  WILL  ACCEPT 

$25o  cash  and  allow  the  balance  to  remain 
on  mortgage.    The  chance  of  a  lifetime  to 
buy  a  cozy  7-room  home  and  make  a  good  | 
investment. 

SILSBY 

CARE   OF 

ALCO  BUILDING  CO. 

60  LIBERTY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 
Telephone— Cortlandt  2552 


84 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


HARRY  G.  MAYBECK 


MANUFACTURER       OP 


AWNINGS  and  FLAGS 

FLAG   DECORATOR 

2396     JAIVIAICA.     AVENUE 

Telephone,  1034  Richmond  Hill  RICHMOND  HILL,  N.  Y. 


Presided  over  by  Will  Graham,  whom   Vp      ANCHORAGE 

everybody  knows,  is  a  different  place 
than  any  you  have  ever  visited.     Here 
originality  stands  out  everywhere.     It 
would  take  volumes  to  describe  what 
you   see   as   soon   as   you   enter,   yes, 
before  you  enter.     Motoring  along  the ! 
Merrick   road  at  Blue  Point  you   are  j 
attracted  by   a   Sphinx   on   the   lawn.  \ 
Your  turn  in,  alight  from  your  car,  and 
there  is  Will  Graham  to  welcome  you. 
Every  niche  of  the  walls  is  hung  with 
all  sorts  and  kinds  of  curios.     After  a 


INN 


Triicii   the  lifjhta  are  lotr.  aiirf 
ffentle   shadotcs 


hurried  look  around  you  will  see 
j  records  of  the  visits  of  many  famous 
I  men  who  many  times  have  enjoyed  the 
hospitality  of  Ye  Anchorage  Inn.  You 
are  now  ready  to  attend  to  the  inner 
man  and  this  is  one  place  he  is  well 
attended  to. 

Space  does  not  permit  us  to  do  this 
subject  justice,  but  a  motoring  trip  on 
Long  Island  without  making  a  stop  at 
Will  Graham's  Anchorage  Inn  is  by 
no  manner  of  means  complete,  and  you 
will  remember  it  as  long  as  you  live. 


THE  FLUSHING   DAILY  TIMES 

Published  at  70  Broadway,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Is  THE  local  newspaper  of  the  Third  Ward  of  Queens.  The  only  newspaper  which  has  consist- 
ently and  persistently  worked  and  fought  for  the  upbuilding  of  this  section.  The  only  newspaper 
in  the  Third  Ward  which  has  an  opinion,  and  expresses   that   opinion   straight. 


CHILDREN    TEETHING 

Baby  Is  Very  Comfortable  and  Laughs  During  the  Teething,  Period, 

THANKS  TO 

Mrs.   Winslow's    Soothing    Syrup 

Contains    Neither   Opium   nor   Morphine   nor   Their   Derivatives 
PURELY  VEGETABLE  NOT  NARCOTIC 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


85 


beautiful 
^renttijooti 


nestling  among  its  magnificent 

gi'oves  of  pine,  fir  and  balsam, 

is  the  offspring  of  a  passionate 

desire   for   social    and   economic 

equality.      Its    founders   were    a 

fiery  band  of  reformers,  who 
felt  called  to  work  out  their  theories  of  social  freedom;  and  its  history  is  woven  full  of  faith  and  aspiration; 
of  high  ideal  and  noble  resolve.  And  as  it  now  lies  peacefully  basking  in  the  sunshine,  waiting  and  ready  for 
its  new  destiny,  it  seems  as  though  the  shades  of  the  fathers  still  walk  its  streets  and  breathe  their  bene- 
diction upon  it.  It  was  back  in  1851  that  the  loyal  band  of  reformers,  with  Josiah  Warren  at  their  head, 
founded  on  the  Islip  plains  the  village  of  IVIodern  Times.  Among  them  were  Horace  Greeley  (whose  heirs 
still  own  property  here),  then  looming  up  as  the  forceful  editor  of  the  "Tribune";  Charles  A.  Dana,  who  had 
not  yet  founded  the  "Sun,"  but  was  still  writing  editorials  for  the  "Tribune";  Stephen  Pearl  Andrews; 
George  Ripley,  the  historian,  and  others.  Most  of  them  had  taken  part  in  the  "Brook  Farm"  movement  in 
Massachusetts,  which  Hawthorne  made  famous  in  his  "Blithedale  Romance."  But  it  did  not  go  to  the  bottom 
of  the  economic  theories  of  the  day,  especially  so  far  as  the  interchange  of  labor  was  concerned;  and  these 
choice  spirits  felt  that  in  the  newer  environment  they  could  work  out  their  plans  to  better  advantage.  So  a 
large  tract  of  land  near  (the  then)  Thompsons  Station  was  purchased  and  laid  out  on  broad,  comprehensive 
lines.  The  pioneers  toiled  with  great  energy.  Blocks  of  four  acres  were  laid  out;  and  the  curb  and  lot  lines 
set  with  evergreen  and  deciduous  trees,  as  well  as  many  fruit  trees.  The  latter  owe  their  presence  to  the  broad 
humanitarian  spirit  underlying  the  movement,  even  though  their  presence  did  not  practically  carry  out  its 
demands.  One  of  the  fathers  said :  "Brethren,  let  us  plant  fruit  trees  along  our  streets,  so  that  the  way- 
farer may  not  have  to  demean  himself  by  begging  at  our  doors";  and  to  him  they  all  agreed,  despite  the  cap- 
tious query  of  a  brother  of  weaker  faith:  "What  will  the  wayfarer  do  in  winter?"  So  they  dug  in  the  rich, 
warm  soil  which  the  leaders  had  shrewdly  and  wisely  chosen;  planted  their  orchards  and  berries,  their  trees 
and  shrubs,  their  school  and  village  hall;  and  all  prospered  under  the  glow  of  ardor  and  enthusiasm.  One  of 
the  cardinal  principles  of  the  movement  was  the  interchange  of  labor;  and,  to  facilitate  this,  scrip  was  issued, 
signed  by  the  Village  Treasurer,  which  was  received  among  the  members  as  currency. 

The  values  of  a  bushel  of  wheat,  a  pair  of  shoes,  a  day's  labor  were  fixed  by  schedule;  and  scrip  of  appro- 
priate value  was  issued  to  the  man  or  woman  who  had  created  anything  tangible  wherewith  he  or  she  might 
procure  the  necessaries  of  life.  The  plan  worked  well  in  theory  and  among  themselves,  or  until  the  "outside 
barbarians  who  »old  them  goods  demanded  greenbacksin  payment,"  as  the  former  Treasurer  (the  late  Charles 
A.  Codman)  quaintly  expressed  it;  and  it  naturally  fell  of  its  own  weight.  But  they  had  a  paper-box  factory, 
a  harness  shop,  and  raised  wonderfully  good  fruits  and  berries,  and  developed  into  a  prosperous  community. 
They  were  all  bright  and  brainy.  The  writer  recalls  summers  spent  there  fifty  years  ago  as  a  boy,  in  which 
wit  flashed  against  even  brighter  wit,  debate  ran  high,  and  the  fountain  of  literary  culture  was  full  to  over- 
flowing. All  the  old  dramatists  found  exponents  at  the  village  hall  before  appreciative  audiences.  The  glee 
club  sang,  artists  painted,  poets  wrote,  philosophers  poured  forth  copious  streams  of  wisdom,  and  a  peace  too 
idyllic  for  this  practical  world  hovered  over  the  community.  It  is  quite  untrue  that  free  love  ever  had  any 
foothold  in  the  scheme.  To  the  minds  of  its  followers  it  was  too  sei'ious  a  problem  to  admit  of  any  lower 
ideals.  They  hoped  to  regenerate  the  world,  to  cut  out  wrong  and  misery,  to  stimulate  a  general  and  lasting 
brotherhood  of  man  which  should  place  even  the  weakest  brother  on  a  par  with  those  more  capable.  It  was  a 
sharing  of  ideal  and  substance  if  needed;  and,  like  most  altruistic  notions,  was  not  appreciated  by  the  coldly 
practical  life  in  the  world  about  it.  And  so  it  pa.'^sed,  gradually.  A  faithful  few,  within  their  intimate  circle, 
clung  to  the  old  brotherhood  idea.  But  the  grim  Reaper  gradually  thinned  their  ranks  until  now  only  four 
of  the  old  guard  are  left  with  a  wealth  of  memories  to  sweeten  their  declining  years.  But  the  village  still 
feels  the  impress  of  the  founders.  The  wide  streets  and  ample  grounds  of  the  old  part  of  the  village,  with 
its  magnificent  growths  of  trees  planted  over  sixt^  years  ago,  testify  to  their  love  of  nature  and  the  beauti- 
ful. The  houses  nestle  behind  bowers  of  shrubs  and  vines  or  tall  hedges.  One  acre  was  allotted  to  each  per- 
son and  each  was  expected  to  show  his  industry  thereon  by  his  fruits.  And  it  is  still  a  singularly  cultivated 
village,  with  the  old  spirit  of  self-help  so  dominant  that  there  is  not  a  person  within  its  limits  on  the  poor- 
funds  of  the  town  today.  As  a  natural  sequence  of  this  history,  the  village  is  now  the  seat  of  a  great  institu- 
tion of  learning  as  well  as  a  large  sanitarium.  A  strong  and  capable  development  movement  has  taken  the 
newer  portion  of  the  village  in  hand,  and  along  lines  of  perfectly  good  taste  has  made  it  into  a  graceful  and 
dignified  enlargement  of  the  old  village  and  in  perfect  harmony  with  it.  Twinkling  electric  lights  shine  under 
the  old  trees;  stores  and  a  garage  with  auto  delivery  meet  the  temporal  wants;  three  churches  supply  the 
spiritual  demands,  and  several  hotels  house  and  feed  the  wayfarer. 

And  in  no  derogation  of  the  older  idea  is  the  newer  one  that  here  health  of  mind  and  body  may  be  best 
served  by  nature's  own  beneficent  provision.  Lying  "In  the  Heart  of  the  Great  Pine  Belt"  of  Long  Island  (the 
largest  in  the  State  outside  the  .-Vdirondacks) — the  trees,  the  air,  the  soil,  the  pure  water,  give  off  their  com- 
bination of  healing  influences  to  tired  and  sick  humanity.  The  island  itself  is  a  great  sanitarium,  projecting 
as  it  does  like  a  huge  dock  out  into  the  broad  Atlantic.  It  has  its  own  climate,  not  that  of  the  Continent  from 
which  it  is  detached.  Swept  on  every  side  by  breezes  that  are  not  only  absolutely  free  from  germ  or  taint,  but 
laden  with  the  salt  breath  of  the  sea  as  well  as  the  fragrant  balsam  of  the  pine,  it  furnishes  an  ideal  retreat 
for  the  tired  and  overworked  toilers  of  the  city.  And  Brentwood  is  the  Capital  City  in  this  work  of  healing.  No 
other  spot  on  the  Island  quite  so  admirably  combine  all  these  features. 

It  is  far  enough  from  the  sea  .so  that  the  rawness  is  taken  from  the  air,  and  yet  near  enough  so  that  the  roar 
of  its  breakers  can  be  heard  on  a  south  breeze,  and  all  of  its  attractive  features  be  made  available.     If  the  plans 

of    the    present    leaders    in    the 

village   life  can  be  carried  out, 

a    modern    hotel    is   to   be   quite 

speedily  erected  that  will  make 

all    these   attractions   available; 

and  if  the  visitor  who  has  tired 

of  the  rush  and  glare  of  city  life 

can  get  into  the  spirit  of  the  old 

days     that     still     prevades     the 

place,  he  will  find  rest  and  heal- 
ing for  body  and  mind  in  a  most 

peculiarly  helpful  way. 


86 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


We  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  we  are  now 
ready  for  our  Summer  season,  and  we  make  Summer  Suits  and 
Dresses  (from  your  own  material)  at  the  usual  Summer  prices, 
ranging  from 

SUITS,  $6.50  DRESSES,  $4.00  SKIRTS,  $1.50 

RELIANCE   DRESS   CO. 

MAKERS    OF 
Women's  and  Misses'  Outer  Wearing  Apparel  of  All  Description 
234  LIVINGSTON  ST.,    BROOKLYN,   N.  Y. 

OPPOSITE  ELM  PLACE 


"  Booksellers 
to  the  World'' 


Any  Book  in  the  World, 

in  any  language,  promptly 

an|d  safely  delivered  to  any 

point  on  the  Globe,  through 


BRENTANO'S 
AIL  ORDER  SERYIC 


Mail,  Cable,  Telephone,  Tele- 
graph, and  Messenger  Ser- 
vice given  immediate  and 
intelligent  attention. 

BRENTANCS 

Sth  Av.  «nd  27di  S^ 

Nnr  York 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


87 


Strang's  Montauk  Storage  Co.  and  Moving  Vans 

BOXING,  PACKING 


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AND  SHIPPING 
TO  ALL  PARTS 
OF  THE  WORLD 


Storage  Rooms  $2.00  Per 
Month  and  Upwards 

AUTO  VANS  FOR  CITY 

AND  COUNTRY 

MOVING 


OFFICES  AND  WAREHOUSES 

189  TO  199 

SO.  PORTLAND  AVE. 

BROOKLYN,  N.Y. 

Telephones  4500  &  4501  Prospect 


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361   FULTON   STREET 


BRANOH     STORES : 


^  BROADWAY  at  Gates  Ave.     80  WALL  ST.,  N.  Y.  ^ 


88 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


I 


I 


I 

I 


THE    AFTERNOON    FORCH    IN    NASSAU    COUNTY 

Summer  in  the  Suburbs 

is  attractive  because  you  are  in  a  position  to  see  nature  unfold,  because  it 
indicates  the  coming  of  summer  pleasures  that  abound  in  Nassau  County, 
the  great  residential  section  of  Metropolitan  New  York. 

WINDSOR   LAND   AND 
IMPROVEMENT    CO. 

offers  several  substantially  built  houses  that  embody  all  the  features  of 
city  conveniences  at  very  low  prices,  and  choice  building  plots  in  subdivi- 
sions that  are  thoroughly  improved  with  curbs  and  sidewalks,  electric  light, 
gas,  telephone,  etc.,  all  within  easy  commuting  distance.  We  have  suc- 
cessful developments  at  Hempstead,  East  Rockaway,  Oceanside,  Floral 
Park,  Valley  Stream,  Lynbrook,  Rockville  Centre  and  Rosedale,  all  on 
Long  Island  in  the  southern  half  of  Nassau  County. 

Send  for  a  booklet.    It  will  show  you  the  way  to  own  your  own  home. 

Windsor  Land  and  Improvement  Co. 

D.  MAUJER  McLaughlin,  President 

LONGACRE  BUILDING,  Entire  Eleventh  Floor 

1476  Broadway  Telephone,  Bryant  146 


^^ 


M 


^^ 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


89 


Safety  and  Security 


IN  THE  PURCHASE  OF 


REAL   ESTATE 


^    OL     > 
(SCHWENCKEl 


ISCHWENCKE 


WE  INDORSE  the  campaigns  for  the  protection  of  real  estate  investors  by  exposing  the  real 
estate  companies  selling  worthless  stocks  and  bonds,  represented  as  being  secured  by  real 
estate. 

THESE  CAMPAIGNS  deserve  the  support  and  co-operation  of  all  real  estate  interests,  and  the 
public  should  appreciate  the  efforts  in  their  behalf. 

ESTABLISHED  IN  1897,  this  Company  owns  and  controls  over  10,000  acres  of  real  estate  on 
Long  Island  and  has  developed  and  sold  7,000  acres. 

NO    BONDS 

of  any  kind  have  ever  been  issued. 

NO  STOCK 

has  ever  been  offered  for  sale. 

NO  MORTGAGES 

are  on  any  of  the  properties  of  this 
Company. 

NO  ENCUMBRANCES  of  any  kmd  whatsoever  on  any  property  offered  for  sale,  every  parcel  being 
absolutely  free  and  clear. 

NO  HIGH  PRICES  asked  for  property,  due  to  the  foresight  of  the  president  of  the  Company  in 
purchasing  holdings  prior  to  the  great  activity  in  Long  Island  real  estate. 

IN  HEMPSTEAD  and  vicinity  we  have  concentrated  our  efforts  to  develop  and  sell  suburban 
real  estate,  being  confident  that  property  in  this  section  offered  the  most  desirable  and  con- 
veniently located  home  sites. 

WE  ARE  NOW  OFFERING  houses,  bungalows,  acreage  plots,  villa  sites  and  lots  at  attractive 
prices  and  on  easy  monthly  payments. 

Call,  Write  or  Phone  Worth  4657  for  Hempstead  Booklet  and  References 

0.  L  SCHWENCKE  LAND  &  INVESTMENT  CO. 

GENERAL  OFFICES 

277  Broadway,  New  York 

Established  20  Years 


90  Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 

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92  Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 

A  Good  Buy! 

Real  Estate  on  Long  Island 

Men  of  Wealth  Purchase  If! 


Long  Island  property  is  becoming  more  valu- 
able year  after  year.  The  reason  of  this  is  Long 
Island  today  is  being  searched  by  the  discriminat- 
ing man  for  a  location  for  an  all-year-round  home. 
When  you  are  ready  to  join  the  Long  Island  Colony 
be  certain  to  consult  the  classified  columns  of  The 
Eagle.  Many  bargains  of  this  charming  section  are 
daily  advertised. 

Are  You  Familiar 


with  what  is  going  on  in  your  neighboring  town? 
If  not,  The  Eagle  will  tell  you.  It  prints  all  of  the 
social,  business  and  all  other  reliable  news  of  the 
entire  island.  It's  one  of  The  Eagle's  distinct 
features. 

The  Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle 

3  Cents 

And  Worth  it! 

b . : J 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT.  93 


vyymyyfyyyyffyym'JWM'/'jmw»MyMmy^M////////^^f/WyMMym^^ 


WWM^MM^;'>///»MMMWM///MM/M/^W//WMMM//M/MMMA 


Andrew  Carnegie 

once  said : 


*  ^^\  THER  men's  brains  have  made 
X^  me  rich — I  seldom  fail  to  read 
their  catalogs.  'Tis  said  I've  more 
money  than  some.  If  so,  'tis  because 
I've  had  more  courage  than  some.  I 
let  the  slow-coaches  use  the  old  ma- 
chine— mine  I  chucked  into  the  scrap- 
heap — quick. 

"The  latest  machine  I  bought  from 
the  latest  catalog.  That  plan  is  the 
earliest  by  which  to  make  money  in  a 
staple  business. 

"There's  brains  in  catalogs — but 
only  for  brains." 


Try  the  stimulating  effect  of  Catalogs  in  pushing 
your  business.  We'll  be  glad  to  talk  it  over  with 
you,  suggest  styles  and  quote  prices. 


IralSy^  ^ 


W.w/yyy-w/t^^^yvv'v-'^.^>.^^^^^^^>^/'>/^^^^^^^ 


94 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


C.  W.  RULAND, 

Funeral  Director,  Embalmer  and  Undertaker 

PATCHOGUE,  L.  I. 


The  undertaking  and  embalming  establishment  of 
C.  W.  Ruland.  situated  at  North  Ocean  Avenue  and 
Lake  Street,  Patchogue,  is  one  of  the  most  up-to-date 
concerns  of  its  kind  on  Long  Island.  Mr.  Ruland's  ex- 
perience of  forty  years  in  business  has  been  marked 
with  success.  Every  modern  device  known  to  the  pro- 
fession is  found  at  Ruland's,  and  efficiency,  combined 
with  prompt,  courteous,  honest  service,  has  met  with  a 
large  and  merited  patronage. 

Mr.  Ruland  can  well  be  called  the  pioneer  in  his 
profession  on  Long  Island  by  reason  of  his  leadership 
in  modernism.  He  is  the  first  man  in  Suffolk  County 
to  erecl  a  funeral  chapel,  morgue  and  embalming  par- 
lors, all  in  one  building,  fully  equipped  with  the  most 
modern  devices.  This  beautiful  building,  just  com- 
pleted on  North  Ocean  Avenue  at  the  corner  of  Lake 
Street,  is  one  of  the  show  buildings  of  the  village.  The 
funeral  chapel  on  the  first  floor,  accommodating  over 
100  persons,  and  fittingly  decorated  and  equipped,  is 
the  first  of  its  kind  in  this  section  of  Long  Island.  A 
deep  underground  basement  is  used  as  a  morgue.  The 
upper  story  is  used  as  an  embalming  laboratory-.  This 
up-to-date  establishment  has  a  vault  in  Cedar  Grove 
Cemetery  for  the  use  of  its  patrons. 

Associated  with  Mr.  Ruland  in  the  business  are  his 
two  sons,  Clarence  W.  Ruland  and  John  Ruland,  both 
licensed  embalmers. 


SEEK 


HEALTH 


When  you  stop  to  think  just  where  you  would 
like  to  seek  health  this  year,  let  The  Eagle's  Free 
Information  Bureau  aid  you.  Many  good  places 
will  be  spoken  of  and  booklets,  photographs  and 
circulars  can  be  secured — all  to  help  you. 

BROOKLYN  DAILY  EAGLE 

Fourth  Floor,  307  Washington  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Telephone  6200  Main.  OPEN  ALL  NIGHT. 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;  ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


95 


ty/^y^.vyyyyy/^wvy/w/v>^>>^^^^ 


Mrs.  TYLER-MILLER 

Importer  and  Manufacturer  of  Fine  Hair  Goods 
80  and  82  FLEET  STREET,  BROOKLYN 

Shampooing,  Manicuring,  Hair  Dressing 
Scalp  and  Facial  Massage 

LARGEST  LINE  OF  HAIR  GOODS  IN  THE  CITY— LOWEST  PRICES 


For  gray,  bleached  or  faded  hair  I 
recommend  and  use  in  my  establishment 
Empress  Improved  Hair  Stain— does  not 
rub  off  or  stain  the  scalp,  leaves  the  hair 
soft  and  glossy,  so  that  it  can  be  curled 
or  waved  beautifully.  Guaranteed  abso- 
lutely harmless  by  the  leading  derma- 
tologists of  the  Universities  of  Berlin 
and  Leipsic,  Germany,  and  Paris,  France. 

MrsTYLER-MILLER 

80-82  Fleet  St.,  Brooklyn 

Opp.  Loeser's  and  New  Dime  Savings  Bank 

TeL  Main  1319 


Private  Room  for  Each  Patron 


//yyy/y/wy>/<^w^^w^^^^ 


WANTED-OLD  SILVER 


CHINA 


AND 

ANTIQUE 
FURNITURE 


Highest  Price  Paid  for  Old  American  and  English  Silver 

and  Antiques  \ 

C.  R.  MORSON,  301  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 


96 


Eagle  Library— LONG  ISLAND;   ITS  EARLY  DAYS  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Photographic  Reproductions  and  Local  View  Post  Cards  Made  to  Order 
Developing  and  Printing  for  the  Amateur  Photographer 

We  Do  All  Kinds  of  Photography  Everywhere  by  Appointment 
WRITE  FOR  SAMPLES  OF  WORK  AND  PRICES 

ROTOGRAPH  COMPANY,  523  Atlantic  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

TELEPHONE  7959  MAIN 


MUSIC  ROLLS  FOR  PLAYERPIANOS 

ALL  $1.75  and  $1.50  Rolls 75c.  only 

ALL  $1.25  and  $1.00  Rolls 50c.  only 

ALL  75c.  Rolls 35c.  only 

From  Manufacturer  Direct  to  You 

ORDER  BY  MAIL 

Local  Parcel  Post  Rate,  5  cents  for  one  roll — 1  cent  for  each  additional  roll. 

238  LIVINGSTON  ST.,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

SEND  NAME  AND  ADDRESS  FOR  CATALOG  AND  WEEKLY 

Special  list  of  new  Tangos,  One-Step,  Hesitation  Waltzes  and  Popular  Songs. 


THE  MODERN!  WAf 

Facts  Better  Than  Manufacturers'  Claims 
or  Salesmen's  Arguments 

IN  the  old  days,  when  you  were  on  the  market  to  purchase 
machinery  or  appHances  for  your  business,  a  salesman  called 
on  you,  showed  you  a  few  pictures  of  the  article  you  were  inter- 
ested in  and  told  you  what  the  manufacturer  claimed  for  it;  and 
if  the  salesman  talked  well  and  the  pictures  looked  good,  the  sale 
was  made. 

Our  method  changes  all  this,  completely  discards  manufacturers' 
claims  and  enables  you  to  "know"  that  the  appliance  meets  your 
needs  before  you  purchase. 

There  are  on  display  at  our  new  building,  1022  to  1028  Fulton 
Street,  between  Grand  and  Franklin  Avenues,  over  two  hundred 
types  of  apparatus  and  burners.  Some  of  them  will  be  of  popu- 
lar interest  in  your  line  of  business. 

Every  appliance  is  connected  with  a  test  meter,  so  that  you  may 
not  only  see  the  work  done  for  which  it  is  intended,  but  also  note 
the  exact  amount  of  gas  used  in  the  operation. 

We  show  you  exactly  what  gas  does  when  correctly  used.  We 
illustrate  to  you  why  our  appliances  work  efficiently.  You  see 
for  yourself  why  gas  is  the  ideal  fuel;  clean,  economical,  starting 
and  ceasing  work  and  expense  at  the  turn  of  a  lever. 

Bring  a  sample  of  your  work  here.  We  can  then  tell  you  exactly 
what  appliance  is  most  useful  to  you  and  you  can  try  it  and  learn 
for  yourself. 

Our  services,  our  appliances  and  our  gas  at  the  demonstration  are 
at  your  disposal  without  any  obligation  on  your  part. 

THE     BROOKLYN     UNION     GAS     CO. 

INDUSTRIAL   DIVISION:  1022-1028  FULTON  STREET 

Telephone   Prospect   8096 


Absolutely  Fireproof 


T 


O  secure  tne  best  care,  telephone  our  Estimate  Department,  5560 
^ain,  for  tne  storage  or  your  houseliola  goods  ana  valuaoles. 
Expert  packers.  Carpets  cleaned  by  electric  or  vacuum  macliinery 

The  Eagle  Warehouse  and  Storage  Co.fi',!*/'!:'  b.Vf^,'!. 

OFFICERS  and  DIRECTORS  of  the  EAQLE  WAREHOUSE  AND  STORAGE  COMPANY 

OFFICERS 

JOHN  H.  HALLOCK,  President JOHN  E.  CASSIDY,  Vice-President  &  Mgr. 


Andrew  D.  Baird 
John  E.  Cassidy 
Daniel  J.  Creem 


HERBERT  F.  GUNNISON,  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

DIRECTORS 

JuuAN  D.  Fairchild  T.  M.  Lloyd 


Herbert  F.  Gunnison 
William  Hester 


Wm.  M.  Van  Anden 
E.  Le  Grand  Beers 


P.  J.  Carlin 
J.  H.  Hallock 
W.  V.  Hester 


J  UN  9      1971 


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