Trees for Long Island

GIFT OF

Large Norway Maples moved for Mr. Clarence H. Mackey, Roslyn, L. I. We moved about one hundred of
these trees on the Hicks Patent Tree Mover in 1901-2. They were 12-16 in. in diameter, 30-36 ft. high, and 25-33
ft. broad. Four rows were planted bordering the entrance avenue and trimmed to symmetrical form.

EDITION 1908

Westbury 3\Curseries

HicJ^s Patent Tree-Movers

LANDSCAPE PROBLEMS

A DISTINCT HELP. — See index for the illustrations and paragraphs giving solutions of landscape
problems, — how to get immediate shade for the house, — to screen the service court, — to have a home supply
of fruit, — to have a hardy flower garden, — to immediately and permanently screen unsightly buildings, —
to plant at the seaside, etc., etc.

ISAAC HICKS & SON

EDWARD HICKS •• HENRY HICKS

Westbury Station, Nassau County, Long Island, New York

Telephone 68 Westbury

Illustrated by photographs of trees which we have moved, and of places most of which
were planted with stock from the Westbury tNjirseries

CoKvright, 1908, by Isaac Hick* & Son

Large Norway Maple moved in 1901 for Mr. W. D. Guthrie, Locust Valley, L. 1. The site was cleared
from a dense forest and about 50 large trees were moved in. This tree was then about 14 inches in diameter,
J3 feet high and 30 feet spread.

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, 5Y- Y.— Preface

PREFACE

HIS is a different nursery. It fills a wider range of landscape needs. It saves more years of
your lifetime. It offers trees which more accurately fit the requirements of your soil and
climate.

Over fifty years ago the Westbury Nurseries were founded by Isaac Hicks. The constant
aim has been to fit Long Island, recognizing its marked difference from the mainland in
geology, soil, drainage, ocean influence, humidity, severe winds, drought, peculiar agricultural and suburban
conditions.

Our Nurseries may be reached by the good stone and gravel roads for which Nassau county is famous.
Westbury station is twenty-two miles from Long Island City on the main line of the Long Island railroad.
It has over twenty trains per day. Many visit our Nurseries by taking a hack from Mineola, with forty-
three trains per day, whereby a half-day trip can be easily arranged. Mineola has lines of trolley to Roslyn
and Port Washington, to Hyde Park and Jamaica, to Hempstead, thence in two directions to Queens and
Jamaica, and to Freeport, Lynbrook, Rockville Center, Valley Stream and Jamaica.

Planting Seasons. The spring season commences about March I to 10, when the frost is nearly
out of the ground. For deciduous trees and shrubs it continues to about May 10, but many trees and shrubs
can be moved later than that by stripping off the foliage or by taking them with a ball of earth. Evergreen
trees can be moved in the spring and during May and June, because they are taken with a ball of earth.
For evergreens, August and September are also excellent months, a fact but little known, but which should
be widely utilized, as it enables many to plant who cannot get all accomplished in the spring. Large ever-
greens, 8 to 40 feet high, are safely moved with balls of earth any week in the year. (See, also, evergreens,
page 29.)

Hardv flowers can be planted in spring, and we have no trouble in making them live, even after they
have started growth in May and June, for they are taken up with a good-sized. mass of earth on the roots.
September and October are excellent months for planting these hardy flowers, as they get well established
before winter.

Deciduous trees are moved in the autumn, from the time the leaves ripen in September until hard
freezing of the ground in late December or January. A month can be added to the usual planting season
by starting in September and stripping off the leaves. It makes no difference whether the foliage is stripped
off by hand, or whether it is taken off a few weeks later by the frost. The moving of deciduous trees can
continue all winter by mulching the trees and the sites to keep out the frost.

Fall planting is not advised with Magnolias, Tulip, Liquidambar, and a few other varieties, unless
they have balls of earth. The reason is that some have soft, spongy bark on the roots, which decays unless
the ground is warm as in April, so that new growth can take place immediately.

Kindly remember this: The time of the year for transplanting is not one-tenth as important as people
imagine it. Permanent fitting of trees to the conditions is the most important. We attend to both.

Tree-Planting, Tree-Moving, Spraying and Pruning. We furnish competent foremen and men
for various kinds of horticultural work on Long Island and elsewhere. We wish to limit it mostly to planting
stock from our Nursery and to moving large trees.

BUSINESS TERMS

Prices and Delivery. Prices on ordinary-sized nursery stock are usually for stock dug and loaded
at the Nursery. Delivery by wagon is charged according to distance and expense. Stock to be shipped by
freight or express will be carefully packed in straw bales and boxes charged at cost. Delivery to railroad
is free, where our responsibility ceases.

Large trees on a tree-mover, and large evergreens, are priced as follows: (i) To include delivery and
planting in hole prepared by us; (2) to include delivery and planting when hole is prepared and assistance
rendered by purchaser; or, (3) delivery and planting charged by the day.

Landscape Plans. The charge for landscape plans, consultation and supervision is made according
to the time and expense or price previously agreed upon.

Terms of Payment. NET CASH. Accounts will be subject to sight draft sixty days from the date
of shipment. Unknown correspondents should send satisfactory reference or cash with order. Money
orders may be obtained for Westbury Station, Nassau County, New York.

We desire that all our customers be fully satisfied, and wish to be promptly notified of any
errors that they may be rectified. We do not agree to consider complaints later than ten days after delivery.

True to Name. Without boasting infallibility, we warrant our stock true to name and will replace
any that may prove otherwise or refund the original price, but we will not be held responsible for more
than the original price of the trees.

Substitution. Late in the season we may be out of some varieties and sizes of fruit and other trees,
and will substitute similar varieties and sizes unless otherwise ordered.

Guarantee. The living of trees is largely dependent upon conditions of weather and after-care beyond
the nurseryman's control, therefore we do not guarantee trees to live after leaving the Nursery in good
condition, without previous agreement and special price. If guarantee is desired, customers are requested
to so state when asking prices.

Address all orders to Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, Nassau County, New York. Local and
long-distance telephone, 68 Westbury. Telegraphic address, Westbury Station, New York.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Landscape

Landscape Architecture

HENRY HICKS, Cornell University, College of Agriculture

HAROLD TRUESDEL PATTERSON, of Harvard School of Landscape Architecture

ARNOLD P. KOHLER, Civil Engineer

O those desiring landscape advice we offer our services for all classes
of artistic work in connection with the landscape development of
grounds surrounding private dwellings in city, or suburbs, or country;
on new estates, or the renovation of old estates, either large or small ;
parks, and landscape forestry ; and to make detailed reports on special
problems in connection with landscape architecture.

The method of procedure necessitates a visit of examination, to

determine the proper treatment of the property, as the location and orientation of
the house, stable and outbuildings ; subdivisions, as lawn, flower and vegetable
gardens, service and laundry courts ; the courses of the drives and walks ; the arrange-
ment of groves of trees and shrubbery for the beauty of form and color in the house
picture, in framing distant views, and in screening objectionable features from sight.
Plans, specifications, estimates and superintendence of construction are furnished in
connection with this work.

It is obviously clear that the Landscape Architect should be employed from the
beginning, to give the dwelling the proper relation to views, divisions of the property,
necessary approaches, natural drainage and prevailing winds. The house should be
placed to fit the ground, and all approaches, divisions and views should be planned
for before the house is built. The ideal design makes a single unit or composition
of the house and all the parts surrounding it ; the house fits the grounds ; the drives
and paths approach correctly ; and the various other buildings are arranged to suit
the peculiar needs of that particular place. Convenience and beauty are the primary
qualities of a good design.

We can lay the foundation of this work for you by submitting plans and advice,
for the present and future, for the working out of a definite and tangible ideal to-
ward which all steps may progress.

Landscape Forestry as applied to Long Island conditions is the slow and sytem-
atic development of the trees in the closely growing, monotonous woods into a di-
versified and interesting forest of wide-spreading trees, which show the characteristic
beauty of their species. This development of the woodland is obtained through
judicious selection of the trees to remain as the future forest, and gradually pre-
paring them for changed conditions. These are naturally those kinds best suited to
produce the picturesque results suggested by the situation. The aim is to obtain the
fullest degree of forest beauty under existing conditions.

There are many excellent residential sites, now shut in and unattractive, which
may be developed in three to five years by Landscape Forestry and by clearing the
woods for future lawns, vistas and breezeways.

We are prepared to make reports on landscape problems, forestry, seaside plant-
ing and horticultural questions.

The fees for these services are reasonable, varying with the classes and con-
ditions of work.

ISAAC HICKS & SON

'Westbury Station, Long Island, New York

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Landscape

The above Planting Plan is a simple working plan which shows a complete planting design of trees
and shrubs arranged for the needs of this particular piece of property. The circles represent trees, and the
large, irregular areas are groups of shrubbery composed of harmonious shrubs in the various numbered
sections.

The planting list which accompanies each such plan gives in detail the contents of the groups. In
this way a definite scheme of planting is arranged at the outset, and, if it be more than one desires to plant
at once, the ultimate arrangement may be arrived at by planting a portion of it each spring and fall.

We can make such a plan for you, and your gardener can plant it.

Large European small-leaved Linden moved in 1893 for Mr. Thomas Hitchcock, Jr. The tree screens the
kitchen and laundry yard. An old farm-house was added to and extended out beyond an old grove of trees.
This tree was moved from our place to balance the landscape composition. Size, when moved, about 14 inches
in diameter, 36 feet high and 28 feet spread.

6

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Mobing Large Trees 1

Moving of Large Deciduous Trees

We have developed this to a permanent success, as demonstrated by the numerous photographs in
this Catalogue and by two or three thousand large trees we can show. It is as sure an investment as the
planting of ordinary-sized trees. In fact, our records show that it is much more certain.

This result has been accomplished by persistent, scientific and mechanical work during the past thirty
years. It has been made possible
by the large number of patrons of
landscape art who have been willing
to go to the expense of quickly com-
pleting the beauty and comfort of
their country residences by planting
large trees. Another factor is the
good roads, permitting a long haul
of heavy trees. Another is the
sandy subsoil, free from rock, which
permits the growth on Long Island
of numerous fibrous roots and their
preservation by methods of digging
which we have invented.

Our success is due to many
factors which it is impossible to
accurately define, but which result
in the ability to decide the com-
parative difficulty of moving vari-
ous trees. We are frequently called
on to move a certain tree. It re-
requires some financial courage to
decline profitable work, but it has
proved good business and horti-
cultural practice.

The wide system of roots is a
unique part of our method which is
especially essential to the best im-

One of the Hicfys ' Patent Tree-Movers. — We have invented the method of
digging which preserves the small feeding roots. The roots have a spread of 30
or 40 feet. After digging, the tree is grasped by the hinged cradle and swung over
horizontally by a screw. In this position, trees may pass under electric wires.

mediate and permanent growth of
the tree. We do not know of any
other system of large-tree-moving which employs it. It is the principal reason for the expense of the work.
A little calculation will show why it is so. A broad-leaved tree, as Maple, Elm, Oak or Linden, has an
immense surface of foliage constantly evaporating. There comes a time of drought with hot sun and
drying winds when the soil is dry. Moisture must be drawn from a wide area, or else the tree will drop
its foliage or allow some of the branches to die. By our system, there are roots drawing moisture from the
whole circle of 30 or more feet in diameter.

There is a popular opinion which we run against in many parts of the country where unscientific
methods of moving large trees have been practised, that large trees live a year or more, but become ragged
and thin, and either are unsightly for several years or die after struggling a few seasons. This is based on
the method of moving deciduous trees over 10 inches in diameter, 25 feet high and 20 feet spread, with
less than 8 feet spread of roots. Six or 8 feet spread of roots may be just sufficient for some easily trans-
planted species not over 8 inches in diameter,
25 feet high and 15 feet spread, but it does not lead
to sure or vigorous growth. Our method has at
least ten times as great an area for moisture supply,
as can be seen by comparing the area of an 8-foot
circle with one of 30 feet.

This explanation should silence the statement,
"Big trees cannot be moved; They always die;
It doesn't pay; They are always stunted; Small
trees overtake them." However, as erroneous ideas
die slowly, we expect to repeat this explanation
and show the proofs for many years to come.

To any one in doubt, who wishes evidence
before undertaking large tree-moving, we offer to
show them, by an automobile trip around this
region, several hundred large trees that are vigor-
ously growing at full normal density. We can show
the locations of some failures and the reasons why.
How to Order. Decide what you need large
trees for, and look through this Catalogue for trees
offered which may fill that requirement, or write
us, stating your needs. A visit here is a help and
so is a visit on our part to your place.

We can deliver large trees by tree-movers,

Illustrating root-system of 100 avenue trees moved for over the roads, to any part of the western half of
Mr. Clarence H. Mackey Long Island. We can ship, by rail, large deciduous

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.—Mobing Large Trees

trees up to 30 feet high and 20 feet spread of top. Such trees can also be delivered by truck to northern
New Jersey and Westchester county. A group of such trees will often give more shade or screen than a
single larger tree, and do it at less expense.

If you wish us to look up trees for moving into your place, we can do this and make a report with
photographs of trees available. The distance from which trees can be moved in is much greater than
people imagine. They often think the supply is limited to two or three miles, when better trees, at slightly
greater expense, can be procured at ten or twenty miles.

If you have a certain tree you wish moved, or wish to sell us, send the species, circumference at 3 feet,
the spread of branches and approximate height; soil, if loamy, sandy, clayey or rocky; distance to be moved;
obstructions, as wires, sidewalks and banks. We can then give a preliminary report and decide whether a
personal visit is advisable. We have seen so many mistakes made in selection of trees to be moved that
we must decline to omit this visit of inspection on the score of economy.

We do the work by contract or by day's work, with or without guarantee, as may be arranged. It is
often practical to employ some local labor and teams in preparing the hole, etc. The operation of moving
a large tree is a surgical one, and consists of dissecting out the fine feeding roots and re-arranging enough
of them to support the tree. The ways and means of doing this require skill and training and the ability
and machinery to cope with various conditions which may arise. No one machine or method suffices.
We have a large number of different sizes and types of machines and apparatus, and our men are trained
in the methods which must be used to safely handle various species and sizes of trees and to overcome
the difficulties of transporting and moving them. It is not practical to say just how large a tree can be
moved; it depends on the obstructions on the road more than any other factor. We frequently move trees
up to 24 inches in diameter, 60 feet high and 40 feet spread.

The operation of moving a large deciduous tree consists, first, of dissecting out the fine feeding roots
over a circle approximately as wide as the top. In the center there is left a ball of earth 5 to 10 feet in

diameter. After a tree is loosened
from the subsoil, it is attached by
the trunk to the cradle of the tree-
mover by two chains and turn-
buckles, which grasp the trunk.
The bark is protected by cushions
and slats. The tree is laid over to
a horizontal position by swinging
the cradle by the screw and by
rope and tackle. The roots on the
side nearest the ground are bent
back under the axle and tied up to
the frame of the mover. A full
circle of roots is thus preserved.
The front axle does not swing round
to break these lower roots because
the wheels are on pivots ,like an
automobile. To go on the road,
the roots are parted to insert the
seat and pole, and the tops and
roots are bent down to go under
electric wires. When the roots are
to be out of the ground for a day or
more, they are wrapped to lessen
drying.

Ready for ihe Road. — The tree is loaded with shortest branches and roots
on top, so it can go under electric wires, which are lifted by a T-pole. Four
to eight horses or traction engine, broad tires, and planks over lawns, enable
heavy trees to be moved. Rope and tackle or windlass are also used in diffi-
cult places.

The preparation for planting usually consists in preparing a hole as wide as the roots, say 25 to 33 feet
and I K to 2 feet deep for a small area in the center about 8 feet across. The balance of the hole may be 8
to 12 inches deep.

In planting, it is best to pack the earth in and around the central roots and then spread out the side
roots and plant them at different depths near the surface. The soil should not be too rich in organic matter,
or it may turn sour and rot the roots. It is also necessary to see that the ground does not get water-soaked,
for this would have the same effect. Under-draining, in heavy soil, is advisable. Examining the soil about
the roots to see its condition should be a guide for watering. Watering once a week, with one inch of water,
is a safer rule than watering every day, for the latter has killed trees. The surface of the ground had best
be kept mulched for the first two years by either a dust mulch, produced by hoeing 3 inches deep once in
two weeks, or by mulching with 4 inches of a strawy manure or leaves. Trees have been killed by too much
manure, which sours the ground and excludes the air.

The Moving of Large Evergreen Trees

The methods we have developed for moving large evergreen trees differ from those explained for
deciduous trees. The essential is a large ball of earth. The ball of earth is necessary because evergreen
trees are constantly evaporating, and also because the roots of evergreens, if bare of earth, become quickly
dried out and, because of their resinous sap, dp not again take up moisture and live. To hold this ball of
earth, we have invented a unique and economical apparatus for clamping the earth firmly and cutting off
the ball from the subsoil. The roots outside of the ball of earth are bent around against the ball and pre-
served.

The question may be asked, why we move an evergreen tree with less spread of roots than a deciduous
tree. The reason has been carefully determined by the German scientific foresters. A Pine, Cedar, or other
coniferous evergreen, will use from one-fifth to one-tenth as much water per year as a broad-leaved tree,

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.—Mol?ing Large Trees 9

The effects of the venerable Italian Gardens are reproduced with old Red Cedars moved by methods of our invention.
These two views represent two vistas crossing in a circle of tall Cedars, similar to the Villa d'Este, in Italy. Garden of Mr.
Stanley Mortimer, Wheatley Hills, L. I. Mr. Nathan F. Barrett, Landscape Architect.

10

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.~Mobing Large Trees

as Maple, Elm, or Oak, of the same weight. Evergreens usually live on drier ground than deciduous trees.
Their narrow leaves have less chance for evaporation. The function of the resin is to check evaporation,
therefore, while an evergreen needs a constant supply of moisture, it needs much less than a deciduous tree
to successfully re-establish itself after transplanting.

We are able to economically load and transport these heavy trees, having invented several trucks for
the purpose. One of them looks almost as strong as a freight car. In it the weight of the tree is about bal-
anced on a steel shaft 4 in. in diameter, and the tree is swung over horizontally by two screws 9 ft. long.

The result of our work has been almost a uniform success. No one need hesitate on that score. For a
small percentage, we will guarantee the trees not to die from transplanting.

The season for moving large evergreens is all the year. We endeavor to avoid moving large ever-
greens during March, April and May. It is a good season for the work, but a large part of the deciduous
trees and shrubs must be moved then, and the evergreen moving can be done equally well in August and
September, and also during the winter.

Long Island must inevitably become an all-the-year-round suburban residence region. Evergreens
are essential, both to privacy and to beauty of the landscape. We have available over 2,000 large evergreens
ready for delivery, and it is possible to save ten to thirty years waiting. For further discussion of ever-
greens, see that department on page 29.

We can ship evergreens up to 25 or 30 feet in height, by rail. They can be very safely shipped in this
manner, because the ball of earth supplies moisture to the top.

We have supplies of large evergreens in several parts of the country and can make quotation on deliv-
eries in carload lots.

We can look up a supply near a proposed planting, as mentioned under deciduous trees, and can send
men and apparatus to move them.

In addition to those represented by photographs, the following are some for whom we have moved
large deciduous trees, 12 to 24 inches in diameter of trunk, 25 to 65 feet high and spreading 20 to 45 feet,
or large evergreen trees 1 8 to 35 feet high.

F. Lothrop Ames, North Easton, Mass.; Mrs. George T. Bliss, New York; Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, Hemp-
stead, L. I.; Winthrop Burr, Cedarhurst, L. I.; Robert L. Burton, Cedarhurst, L. I.; Arthur Brisbane, Hemp-
stead, L. I.; Middleton, S. Burrill, Jericho, L. I.; Robert Bacon, Westbury, L. I.; Paul D. Cravath, Locust Val-
ley, L. I.; Paul Dana, Dosoris, Glen Cove, L. I.; Lewis Eldridge, Hempstead, L\ I.; Albert Francke, Lawrence,
L. I.; Garden City Co., Garden City, L. I.; William D. Guthrie, Locust Valley, L.I.; August Heckscher, Hun-
tington, L. I.; Thomas Hitchcock, Jr., Westbury, L. I.; Clement S. Houghton, Newton, Mass.; George L. Hub-
bell, Garden City, L. I.; Col. William Jay, Katonah, N. Y.; Marshall C. Lefferts, Lawrence, L. I.; Dr. D. H.
McAlpin, Morris Plains, N. J.; Edward D. Morgan, Westbury, L. I.; Stanley Mortimer, Roslyn, L. I.; Clarence
H. Mackey, Roslyn, L. I.; William G. Oakman, Roslyn, L. I.; A. A. Pope, Farmington, Conn.; R. H. McCar-
; John S. Phipps, Westbury, L. I.; Robert A. Pinkerton (The late), Bay Shore, L. I.;

Mrs. Elliott F. Shepherd, Scarboro, N. Y.; H. McKay
Twombly, Madison, N. J.; R. B. Van Cortlandt, Mt.
Kisco, N. Y.; William K. Vanderbilt, Jr., Great Neck,
L. I.; William C. Whitney (The late), Westbury, L. I .;
Robert Graves; Mrs. Frank Gray Griswold, Roslyn,
L. I.; Jamestown Exposition, Norfolk, Va.; Henry
Barton Jacobs, Newport, R. I.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

Olmstead Brothers, Brookline, Mass.; Guy Lowell,
Boston and New York; Warren H. Manning, Boston,
Mass.; Rollin S. Saltus, 9 East 4ist St., N. Y.; Nathan
F. Barrett, New Rochelle.

ter Potter, Andover, N. J.

Old Arborvitte Hedge moved from our Nursery for Mr. J. S. Phipps, Westbury, L. I., in January, 1907. The kitchen
wing is screened, and therefore leaves the symmetry of the house undisturbed

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Molting Large Trees 11

Large White Pine and While Spruce moved for Mr. Clarence H. Mackey, Roslyn, L. I., in 1902. These screen
the freight yard, hotel and sheds of the village. These trees when moved were 16 to 18 feet high, and have since grown
rapidly. We have hundreds of similar trees ready for delivery.

i /••"*!.• "*.-.XV

Unparalleled opportunity to buy a beautiful old hedge equal to the Yew hedges of England. Why build a wall
around a formal garden ? This Hemlock hedge is over thirty years old. It is 1 2x 1 2 feet, solid and dense and 400 feet
long. It is prepared for moving by tree-mover and shipment by rail. We have other Hemlock hedges of smaller size.

12

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Deciduous Trees

The second season with large trees moved by Hicks Tree- Mover. Residence of Mr. H. McK. Twombly, Madison, N. J.
Weeping Silver Linden. Note the dense and luxuriant growth. Size when moved, about 35 feet high and broad

Deciduous Trees

HE essential things that planters want are economical immediate results and best permanent
results; both large and small trees that thrive, because they fit the various conditions of
climate and soil: — two things never so thoroughly attained before.

An enthusiasm for good trees, together with a willingness to wait twenty years or more
for them to grow, has resulted in handsome, large specimens which save the purchaser
many years. "Burn it," is the customary rule when a tree is over 15 feet and not sold, because it is too
large to box and ship. At Westbury Nurseries such trees were planted 10 to 20 feet apart, trained for suc-
cessful transplanting, and encouraged to develop into perfect specimens.

An asset of greatest value to our customers is our knowledge of the botany of Long Island and the
reasons for its distribution. They are climate, geology, soil, water supply and cultivation. Conditions vary
within a few yards.

There is satisfaction to the tree and to all who behold it when it has been selected to fit its environment.
This we will help you to do.

Andromeda • Sorrel Tree

Andromeda arborea. Slender and graceful as a
birch, it can fill a narrow corner or go among the
shrubs. The flowers are its crowning glory; long,
curving racemes like drooping bouquets of lily-
of-the-valley in midsummer when no other tree
is in bloom. It is the first tree in autumn from
which to pick a spray of carmine foliage. Plant
this tree if you want to know one of nature's
gems. Mix it with dogwood in the woodland
borders, for it will be as harmonious here as in
Virginia, where it is native.

Ash • Fraxinus

White. Fraxinus Americana. A tall, vigorous tree,
growing in the shape of the Sugar Maple or Tulip
Tree. A good street tree and especially valuable
for groves on moist soils. This and the English
Ash are good straight trees, and we recommend
ours for real estate subdivisions where a cheap
tree is wanted.

English. F. excelsior. A tree closely resembling the
White Ash.

Beech • Fagus

English, or European. Fagus sylvatica. One of
the few European trees perfectly at home here.
In a grove of trees the eye rests with pleasure on
the Beech. Its spirited outline of sharp-pointed
branches relieves the dark, shadowy center. A
tree with strength and grace in every line.

For screen planting, a grove of low-branched
Beech, Hornbeam, Linden, Oak, Dogwood, Birch
and Pine are more efficient and more dignified
than the usual shrub border.

Rivers' Purple. F . sylvatica, var. pur pur ea River sii.
Deep purple in spring, changing to dark green.
This and the Purple Norway and Japanese
Maples are the best of the purple-foliaged trees.

Fern-Leaf. F. sylvatica, var. heterophylla. In the
older Newport gardens the Fern-Leaf Beech is
evidently the most highly prized tree. When
carefully kept from crowding, it is as graceful
as a great fern.

With its delicacy there is no weakness, but a
wonderful beauty of lights and shadows between
the sharp-pointed spray. Knowing that its value
would be appreciated, we have grown a stock of
good specimens.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Deciduous Trees

13

Beech, continued

Weeping. Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula. In
Flushing there is a specimen that forms a
tent 70 feet in diameter, — the pride of the
place. A row of them would make a magni-
ficent covered walk, and some large estate
can make itself famous thereby. As an
individual, it is a grotesque and solid pyra-
mid of waving branches.

American. F. ferruginea. Native over a
large part of Long Island, this noble tree is
not so often planted as it should be. Its
smooth, gray bark, never furrowed with
age, makes it an attractive and cheerful
object as it illuminates the wood.

Birch • Betula

White, or European. Betula alba. The most
commonly known species, and one exten-
sively planted. It has a slender trunk,
clothed with white bark. We offer low-
branched specimens, 30 feet high.

Canoe, or Paper. B. papyrifera. The white
bark of this tree was used by Indians for
canoes.

Cherry, Sweet, or Black. B. lenta. This
makes a tall, broad-spreading tree, of vig-
orous health. It has a smooth, reddish
brown bark. We recommend our low-
branched specimens for mass planting with Fern-Leaf Beech on the lawn of Mr. Chas. Steele, Westbury. It
Pines and shrubs. is a pleasure to rest the eye on the lights and shades

Catalpa

Western. Catalpa speciosa. The large Catalpas
in the illustration on page 14 will give immediate
and beautiful results as shade trees and tall mass

The native White Birch ( B. populijolia ) is a graceful
tree, quick to grow and sure to thrive in ground wet or dry.
With pines, cedars and other evergreens they make beautiful
groups. They help evergreens to grow in exposed places.

planting. They are 20 to 30 feet high, with sym-
metrical tops. The Catalpa is a strong, vigorous
tree, free from fungous or insect attacks. The
leaves are large and the twigs wide apart, giving
the tree an unusual largeness of detail. In flower
it is the most showy tree. It is taller and straighter
than the old "Smoking Bean Tree," or Southern
Catalpa. These large Catalpas can be trans-
planted later in spring than most other trees,
often as late as May 15.

C. Bungei. C. bignonioides , var. nana. Bay Tree
Form. For formal gardens and terraces this
is used for the same effect as the expensive and
tender Bay Tree, and costs much less. Catalpa
Bungei standards are made by grafting the
dwarf Catalpa on a tall stem and training into
symmetrical form. It grows vigorously, forming
a compact, globular head of large, overlapping
leaves.

Shrub Form. See under Shrubs, page 55.

Cherry • Prunus

Those who know the Flowering Cherries go into

ecstasies over their flowers. There is good reason

for the Japanese making pilgrimages to the cherry

blossoms and hanging poetry upon their branches.

Pink Double-flowering Japanese. Prunus Pseudo

Cerasus, var. Sieboldi. This has flowers like a

beautifully frilled carnation.

Japanese Weeping Rose-flowered. P. pendula.
This is like a delicate pink veil suspended in mid-
air. The single flowers appear about a week
before the Peach and are therefore welcomed with
the first spring flowers.

Wild Black, P. serotina. The Wild Black Cherry,
which has a grape-like bunch of fruit in August,
is one of the healthiest foliaged plants for sea-
side planting and an excellent drought resister.
It is despised by farmers, for it first shows their
neglect by growing up along the fences. It is a
big round bush or tree.

14

Isaac Hicks & Son, West bury Station, N. Y.— Deciduous Trees

These big, old Catalpas are offered at low prices.
They are strong, healthy, broad and shady. With
Silver Maples, they will give the most foliage for the
expenditure of any tree we offer.

Chestnut • Castanea

American. Castanea Americana. This is an
important timber tree of Long Island ; in its
maturity a majestic tree remarkable for the
breadth and depth of its shade.

A serious fungous disease is killing the
Chestnut trees in the forests of Long Island.
It frequently kills 20 feet of the top or may
work lower down on the trunk. It starts
from a spore in a crotch or wound which
sends out mycelium or threads of the fungus
penetrating the bark next the wood. In a
few months it girdles the branches and the
leaves turn yellow and drop. A tree appar-
ently healthy in June may be half-dead in
August. The fungus produces spores in
orange pustules or jelly horns on the dead
bark. There is no treatment known, except
to cut off affected branches and cut out
dead bark on the trunk, and larger branches
before they are girdled. Cut an inch or
more beyond the edge.

In similar work on pear blight in Cali-
fornia, it is advised to disinfect tools and
wound with corrosive sublimate, one to
one thousand. This remedy, painting the
cuts with tar, and spraying with fungicides,
have not been thoroughly tested. The cut-

American Chestnut, continued

ting is practical on isolated trees, but in
the forest is very expensive.

Dr. Haven Metcalf, Division of Forest
Pathology, United States Department of
Agriculture, is experimenting along these
lines in the young orchard of Mr. R. Dudley
Winthrop, Westbury Station, L. I. In tnis
orchard and that of Mr. Charles R. Steele,
and in our Nursery, he finds the Japanese
Chestnut immune.

The disease is new to science. Dr. Mur-
rill, of The New York Botanical Garden,
Bronx Park, named it in 1906, Diaporthe
parasitica. One hope is that, like many
other plagues, it will go in waves and, later,
largely disappear.

It may be a blessing in disguise. On
many Long Island private estates the
woodlands will be more beautiful if gradu-
ally thinned out, according to the principles
of landscape forestry described on page 4.
Ninety-nine per cent of owners have not
the knowledge, imagination and courage
to do it. Now the diseased trees have to
be cut, and the Oak, Hickory, Tulip and
Dogwood will have a chance to develop
into broad, handsome trees.

'Cut the trees before they rot. Take them
to a saw-mill, or get a portable saw-mill to
cut them into framing timber or other lum-
ber. Show that Long Island is not entirely
dependent on imported lumber. There is
also a market as telephone poles or cord
wood. Felling trees and dragging out logs
does some damage to other trees, but it soon
disappears.

The White Dogwood is one of the best for planting by the hundred.
The broad palms of foliage make a picturesque outline with deep
shadows.

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Deciduous Trees

15

Chestnuts, continued

Japanese. Castanea crenata. No more luxuriant
tree has come to us from Japan. It has shining
leaves, and is full and round, foliaged to the
ground. The question is sometimes asked, "Can
I plant Cherry, Peach and Pear trees in the lawn,
and have them as ornamental shade trees?"
Yes, but cultivation is better for them and their
foliage is not certain to remain healthy. With
nut trees it is advisable. Plant fifty Japanese
Chestnuts instead of Deutzia, Spirea, Snowball,
etc., in the shrub border, and they will make a
denser screen of handsome foliage, always
healthy. As a specimen lawn tree, it will
make a sturdy little tree 20 feet high and
equally wide. The nuts begin to ripen
several weeks before the American. In
Japan and Europe the Chestnut is a staple
food. Plant Japanese Chestnuts and the
Chinquapins in quantity to get nuts quickly
as they bear in two or thrt years. The nuts
are an inch in diameter, or larger; are good
raw and excellent cooked, but not equal to
the American in flavor.

We have grown a large quantity which we
offer at low rates. Now that the American
Chestnuts are dying, these should be ex-
tensively planted. See under Nuts.

Chinquapin. C. pumila. A hardy shrub,
bearing a profusion of sweet little nuts in
early September.

Elm • Ulmus

American. Ulmus Americana. No tree of tem-
perate climates exceeds the Elm in gracefulness
and majesty. It likes a moist situation, but it
will grow on any good soil. We have trees up to
55 feet high, with spread of roots and tops of 30
feet, ready for successful transplanting.

Weeping. U. Americana, var. pendula. The
rapidity of growth of this variety is surprising,
often 7 feet per season. It is a healthy, tall tree,
open in form, with wide arched streamers, which

Dogwood ' Cornus

White - flowering. Cornus florida. The
White Dogwood has the most showy flower
of the native small trees. It thrives in
the open lawn or in the shady forest where
its large white flowers, arranged in horizon-
tal groups, illuminate the dark nooks early
in May. All summer its foliage is dense
and healthy, and its red leaves and scarlet
berries mark the first changes of autumn.
Plant Dogwoods 8 to 12 feet apart among
the taller shrubs. They make the best
border to feather down the edge of newly
cut forest. Give them more sunlight, and
they will bloom profusely. In thinning
thick woods for landscape forestry, leave
groups of Dogwood, even if small and
crooked. Plant the White Dogwood with
the White Pine, White Oak, Tulip, White Birch,
and you have a group that grows naturally
together.

Red-flowering. C. florida, var. rubra. A beautiful
little tree destined to have a wider popularity.
It is a gem worthy to rank with the Magnolias.
New and rare is, in this case, synonomous with
good. Plant a few of these and the Japanese
Dogwood, and use them to graft in April, or
bud in August on the wild Dogwood in the woods.
A long step will then be taken in solving the
problem of how to beautify the woods with
harmonious planting.

Japanese. C. Kousa. Ignorance of its beauty
is the only excuse for not planting this little
tree. It is the counterpart of the White Dogwood
in foliage and, therefore, harmonizes with the
same surroundings. The chaste beauty of the
white star-shaped flowers thickly covering the
dark foliage surpasses any flowering tree of its
season, which is a month later than any other.
We have a large stock which is offered at low
rates to introduce it.

The Japanese Chestnut will quickly make a broad, rounded and
permanently healthy mass of foliage of this form and size. It fruits
early and abundantly.

make a graceful outline against the sky both
winter and summer. If the situation calls for
a tree to vary the solidity of ordinary trees,
plant the Weeping Elm. There is nothing ab-
normal or depressing in its appearance.

Ginkgo • Maidenhair Tree

Ginkgo biloba ; syn., Salisburia adiaiitifolia.

This tree is destined to have many admirers
when old specimens become known. In maturity
it loses the ungainly awkwardness of growth and
makes a handsome individual in pleasant con-
trast to ordinary trees. Its nearly complete
immunity from insect and fungus is unique.
Storms do not break its branches, and it gives
every promise of living 1,000 years here, as in the
Japanese temple gardens.

Hickory • Hickoria ; syn., Gary a

Mockernut. Hickoria tomentosa. A big, square-
shouldered, long-lived tree. On the drier parts
of Long Island this and some of the Oaks are the
largest trees.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. /.— Deciduous Trees

Ginkgo at Great Neck, L. I. This has passed the lank and
gawky youthful stage, and gives promise of reaching the dignity
and grandeur of the Cedar of Lebanon. (See page 15.)

Hickory, Mockernut, continued

many situations it will, in a few years, be more
satisfactory than the quicker trees.

We have a large quantity of young trees from
local seed that should be planted among trees
and shrubs and in Pine groves for permanent
effects. It is a sturdy tree when small, and worthy.

Shellbark, or Shagbark. H. orata; syn., Gary a
alba. This is a native at Glen Head.

Bitternut. Carya amara. A tree of graceful,
Elm-like form, narrow leaves, yellow buds and
nuts as puckery as Persimmons.

Hornbeam • Carpinus

American. Carpinus Americana. The Indian
name, Little Beech, accurately describes it.
The leaves are smaller and denser than the
Beech. It is as useful as an undergrowth as the
Dogwood.

European. C. Betulus. This is excellent for screens
and hedges. We offer a fine stock, suitable for
this purpose. The russet leaves remain on all
winter. It stands pruning well, making an im-
penetrable, stubby growth thick to the ground.
It can be used in mass planting with shrubs,
or will grow up to a wide Beech-like tree; vigorous
and healthy.

Horse- Chestnut • AEsculus

AEsculus Hipppcastanum. If we except the rarer
Magnolias, this is the most magnificent flowering
tree. In deep, cool soil, where the Newtown
Pippin apple thrives, it keeps good foliage all
summer. Elsewhere on Long Island the leaves
become rusty by midsummer, but it is handsome
enough in its luxuriant foliage and beautiful
flowers to atone for that. Do not use it as the
principal tree on a dry subsoil.

Dwarf. /£, parviflora; syn., macrostachya. See
under Shrubs, page 58.

Judas • Cercis

American. Cercis Canadensis. Red Bud. A small
tree, with glossy, heart-shaped leaves. In early
May, when the Dogwood is in bloom, the branches
are closely wreathed with magenta-pink blossoms.

Japanese. C.Chinensis. See under Shrubs, page 60.

Kentucky Coffee Tree

Gymnocladus Canadensis. A giant among
trees, large in all its parts. Not valuable on Long
Island except on heavy or moist soil. It has
leaves 2 feet long, divided like the Aralia spinosa.

Hornbeam Hedge about service court at residence of Mr. Babbott, Glen Cove. We have a large quantity of hedge to

quickly make this effect

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Deciduous Trees

17

There is probably not another block of Lindens so well fitted for lawn or avenue. They are broad, low and symmetrical

Koelreuteria • Varnish Tree

Koelreuteria paniculata. A healthy tree of
medium size, with showy panicles of lemon-
colored blossoms in July, when the tall shrubbery
and woodland borders are in need of flowers.

Larch • Larix

European. Larix decidua; syn., L. Europcea.
Its beauty is most prominent in April and May,
when the tender green foliage comes out two
weeks ahead of other trees. It has the form of its
relative, the Spruce, but drops its foliage.

Japanese. Pseudo-Larix Kczmpferi. This is a
noble, broad tree, with picturesque outline,
resembling its near relative, the Cedar of Lebanon.
Include a few when covering a hill with Pines and
Oaks. It is called the Japanese Golden Larch,
from its autumn color.

Linden • Tilia

In human nature there is a strong appreciation

of the symmetrical and the solid. While this may

not be the highest form of beauty in a tree in all

places, the demand for it exists, especially in formal

surroundings. All the Lindens have an ovate or

egg-shaped form, but vary in their solidity of texture

and depth of color, and healthfulness of foliage.

Silver. Tilia tomentosa; syn., T. argentea; syn.,

T. alba. White Linden. In symmetry of form

it is unsurpassed. The foliage is dark green above

and silvery white below, and is retained until

late autumn.

There is a pair at our entrance, planted about
twenty-eight years ago, that, without pruning,
are as symmetrical as two eggs.

We have been to considerable trouble to work
up a stock suitable for entrance avenues and
lawn planting.

Spectabilis. T. tomentosa, var. spectabilis. A va-
riety of the above, with large leaves, green on
both sides. It, therefore, resembles the American
Linden, but its foliage keeps in better condition.
It is a vigorous, handsome tree.

Linden, continued

Weeping Silver. T. petiolaris; syn., T. argentea,
var. pendula. This is not weeping in the sense of
the Weeping Willow, as only the tips of the
branches arch downward in the heavy luxuriance
of their young growth. It makes an ovate and
beautiful tree, rearing its crown as high as any
and, like many vigorous trees, the lower branches
sweep the ground and enclose one of the pleasant-
est outdoor retreats. We have specimens 15 feet
broad, with foliage to the ground.

Small-leaved European. T. ulmifolia; syn., T.
micro phylla. A dense, ovate tree, whose smooth-
ness of outline is formed by the closeness of the
twigs and the small size of the leaves. The foliage
is perfectly healthy. We have trees up to 25
feet in height.

We have a block grown 10 feet apart with the
tops trained by a form to a uniform ovate shape.
They present a unique opportunity to save half
a dozen years in developing beautiful avenues,
lawn specimens, or low-branched trees for screens.
There are on the market several other European
Lindens that have proven of little value because
they are affected by a fungus, and drop part of
their foliage in July.

American. T. Americana. Basswood. A large
tree, with large, heart-shaped leaves. It prefers
moist, rich soil, and without it may have rusty
leaves in late summer.

Liquidambar • Sweet Gum

Liquidambar styraciflua. Bilsted. A most
beautiful native tree, of the shape of the Tulip
Tree or Sugar Maple. In the autumn it assumes
very brilliant scarlet, orange and bronze colors.
It should be included in groves, on both upland
and damp soil, or planted as a specimen lawn tree.

Locust

Honey. Gleditschia triacanthos. We recommend
this highly for seaside planting on sterile soils.

18

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Deciduous Trees

Magnolias

The Magnolias like Long Island and maintain good health here. Therefore Long Islanders should
plant them extensively, not as single specimens, but in groups and belts as other trees and shrubs are
planted. The reason they like Long Island was discovered by Dr. Asa Gray, the famous botanist. Magnolias
are native of only eastern North America and eastern Asia. They once inhabited Greenland, Iceland, etc.,
and were driven south during the glacial epoch in these two regions because of their similarity of climate.
Magnolias have been rare, high-priced and difficult to get from nurseries in quantity, and reputed difficult
to transplant. We have changed all this. We determined to have a plenty, and collected large quantities
of seed from the magnificently complete collection of the late Charles A. Dana, and elsewhere. Our stock
is frequently transplanted and root-pruned. Therefore they have a close mass of fibrous roots and can be
economically moved with balls of earth. They are sure to live, grow vigorously, keep in good foliage and
furnish a wealth of beautiful flowers and showy red seed vessels every year.

The landscape grouping of Magnolias is not difficult. They are rounded in form, full at the base, and
as harmonious in foliage with ordinary planting as Dogwood, Virburnum, Golden Bell, Privet, Beech,
Linden, Sugar Maple, Pin Oak and Tulip Tree. The exceptions are the large-leaved species, — Macrophylla,
Tripetala, Hypoleuca and Frazeri, which have tropical foliage and can be planted in parts of the lawn
dedicated to unusual plants, or used to decorate, by contrast, the borders of the woodland and swamp.

Who will be the first to have a Magnolia and Azalea garden, or to transform a pond or stream into
a Water Lily garden surrounded by a bower of beauty, by planting Magnolias around it.?

Early Spring-flowering, March to May. Native to Asia-
Hall's, Kobus, Yulan, Purple.

Hybrids of the last two — Soulangeana, Alba
superba, Alexandria, Speciosa, Lenne.

June-Flowering—

Umbrella, Large-leaved, Hypoleuca, Eraser's
Parviflora, Watsoni, Cucumber, Sweet Bay.

Sweet Bay Magnolia, a beautiful flower that you can
have in quantity at no greater cost than ordinary shrubs. They
appear for a long time in early summer.

July- and August-flowering —
Parviflora, Purple, Lenne.

Trees-
Cucumber, Kobus, Umbrella, Large-leaved, Hy-
poleuca.

Shrubs —

Hall's, Sweet Bay, Yulan, Soulangeana, Alba
superba, Alexandria, Speciosa, Lenne, Parviflora,
Watsoni.

Big Tropical Foliage-
Large-leaved, Umbrella, Hypoleuca, Fraser's.

Abundant Ornamental Fruit —

Sweet Bay, Umbrella, Cucumber, Kobus, Frazeri.

Feeble Growers —

Parviflora, Watsoni.

Tender—

Grandiflora (Southern Evergreen Magnolia),
Purple (slightly tender), Lenne (slightly tender).

Semi - Evergreen —

Sweet Bay.

AMERICAN SPECIES

Sweet Bay. Magnolia glauca. Laurel Magnolia.
This, especially, should be planted in large groups;
it grows better and looks better so. In winter
it keeps part of its foliage and it is the brightest
green of the broad-leaved evergreens. It will
make a healthy bush or small tree 8 to 1 5 feet high .

The flowers and foliage most closely resemble
the famous Southern Magnolia, because it is
most closely related to it. The graceful, globular,
cup-shaped flowers are delightfully fragrant.
Color cream-white. They are sold in June and
July in large quantities by the flower venders
of New York, who bend back the petals to make
the flowers look larger.

It is native to Long Island between Speonk
and Westhampton. Professor Hollick, of the
New York Botanical Garden, uses this and
several other species to demonstrate that Long
Island, New Jersey, Block Island, Nantucket
and the Cape Cod region, were once connected.
As plants of the southern sandy coastal plain
flora moved north on the retreat of the ice sheet,
they came up this costal plain. They could not
travel through the flora of the rocky upland of
northern New Jersey and Connecticut, therefore.,

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — 'Deciduous Trees

19

Our stock of Umbrella Magnolias, showing mass of fibrous
roots, the result of last year's root pruning

Magnolia, Sweet Bay, continued

they traveled on land which is now under water,
for Long Island is sinking at the rate of I foot
per hundred years.

This Magnolia can be used for seaside planting
with the Holly, Cedar, Virginia Creeper, Wild
Cherry, Bayberry and Pitch Pine. It can also
be used on the upland in shrub borders and near
the flower garden.

We offer it at low rates and recommend its
purchase in large quantities, for a stock of it
is not raised by nurserymen every year and,
therefore, cannot be offered at such low prices
annually.

Umbrella. M. tripctala. This has large, tropical
foliage, the leaves being i >£ feet long and 8
inches broad. It grows rapidly to form a medium-
sized tree, with broad head, but it can be appro-
priately used in the background of large shrub-
beries for mass planting, spacing it about 10
feet apart. The luxuriance and large size of the
foliage makes an agreeable contrast to ordinary
foliage. While there is some natural scenery
with which it might be inharmonious, it will
always be so rare as to avoid the danger of
being commonplace.

The flowers are pure white and about 8 inches
wide, and appear in the middle of June. The
fruit is the most showy and ornamental of all the
Magnolias. It is a brilliant red cylinder, about 5
inches long and 2 inches in diameter. The scarlet
seeds hang out on silken threads.

Magnolia, Umbrella, continued

We have worked up a stock* of large trees,
8 to 12 feet high, which are straight, symmetrical,
and root-pruned to transplant successfully.

We recommend them for planting on upland,
but especially for moist situations. Those who
own land bordering the streams of Long Island
have herein an immense oppurtunity to immedi-
ately produce a beautiful group, for they can be
planted in among the existing wild growth and
will take care of themselves. They have run wild
about a spring at Brookville, near Oyster Bay.

Large-leaved. M. macro phylla. This has the
largest flower and the largest foliage of any plant
hardy in this region. The blossom is as graceful
as a classic vasff. The pure white petals are thick
and firm in texture and open out as broad as a
man's hat. Our parent tree is 25 feet high, and
perfectly hardy. It is suited to the situations
mentioned for the Umbrella Magnolia, but is a
handsomer tree in every way except the fruit.
It is very rare in cultivation. It blooms about
the first of July, and the only defect is that the
rose-bugs seem intoxicated by its strong perfume
and fill its beautiful cup. To procure an undefiled
blossom, it is necessary to cover the bud with a
paper bag.

Connoisseurs who wish to have the rare and
curious should include this.

Fraser's. M . Fraseri. This resembles the Umbrella
Magnolia, but is a more slender tree.

Cucumber. M . acuminala . Unlike the three above,
this appears to be just an exceptionally hand-
some ovate tree of the Tulip tree type.

Large Silver Maples growing 15 feet apart in our Nur-
sery. Single leaders, ovate tops. Offered at bargain prices
because they are crowding smaller stock.

20

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Deciduous Trees

Yuian Magnolia. The white chalice has the purity of the
Madonna Lily

ASIATIC MAGNOLIAS

Magnolia Yulan; syn., conspicua. This is the
species which has contributed most to the
decoration of gardens in early spring. It holds
aloft its pure white chalice, unmindful of
April snows. It is a tall shrub of perfect
hardiness and good foliage throughout the
summer.

There are some old plants 30 feet high
about Flushing and the Bedford section of
Brooklyn. Later, it was not much planted
because of the greater ease of propagating
its hybrids. It is rare and high-priced, but
should be included in collections. In China
it symbolizes candor and beauty.
Purple. M. oboyata gracilis; syn., purpurea
gracilis. This is a broad shrub, about 8 feet
high, with dense, healthy, dark green
foliage and 'deep red flowers in May and
scattering throughout the summer. It is
hardy along the south shore of Long Island,
but here it occasionally winter-kills when
young, because of the late soft growth.

We recommend its extensive planting in
shrubberies and along the border of wood-
lands because of its good foliage masses,
dense at the base.

The species Obovata, of which this is
a variety, has larger flowers of tea-cup
shape, and is the parent, with the Yulan,
of the five following hybrids, which are
intermediate in color and all bloom in April
before the leaves.

M. Soulangeana. This has white flowers,
with a shading of red at the base of each
petal on the outside. It is what most people
think of when they speak of Magnolias in
the North. It forms an exceptionally dense

Magnolia Soulangeana, continued

and symmetrical shrub of 15 feet in diam-
eter when old. There are few large lawns
where an appropriate place cannot be found
for it. We have a stock of large plants that
have been growing here a number of years
and are valuable for immediate results.

M. alba superba. This most closely resem-
bles its parent, the Magnolia conspicua, and
is nearly pure white.

M. Alexandria. Large white flowers, shaded
bright red.

M. speciosa. The outside of the flower is
rose-colored, the inside pearly pink.

M. Lenne. This shows most strongly the
colors of its red-flowering parent. The
flower is a big, broad tea-cup-shaped blos-
som about \l/2 inches high, deep red outside

. and lighter within. We have noticed some
bushes winter-killed about a foot at the
tops, otherwise this set of hybrids is en-
tirely hardy and healthy on Long Island.

Hall's. M.stettata;syn.,HoUeana. Hall's Star
Magnolia. In the opinion of many, the gem
of the family. It has heretofore been the
most rare in nurseries, and its high price
has deterred planters. After the hard win-
ter in 1903-04, it bloomed so late in April
that the frosts did not prevent its setting a
large quantity of seed. We secured all
possible, and now have over a thousand
plants. We doubt if they will be offered for
a long time more abundantly or cheaper.
Who will be the first to make a garden
hedge of them? The compact and even
growth will render unnecessary the desecration
of shearing. It is the first Magnolia to flower,
and the school children delight to pick this and
the Pussy Willow before the Golden Bells bloom.

Magnolia Stellata is the most beautiful harbinger of spring

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Deciduous Trees

21

Magnolia, Hall's, continued

The flower is entirely different from other
varieties, as the illustration shows. It is as worthy
of admiration as the Water Lily and is not
dissimilar.

Its name comes from the missionary, Hall,
who recognized the climate similarity and brought
back a number of beautiful plants and had to
beg various nurserymen to take them. The
endeavors of Hall and other enthusiasts resulted
in the introduction of the most beautiful and
healthful plants for the parks and gardens of
the eastern United States, as Chinese Azalea,
Japanese Barberry, Deutzia, Eleagnus, Exo-
chorda, Golden Bell, Upright Honeysuckle,
Hydrangea, Japanese Judas, California Privet,
Japanese Snowball, several Spireas, Weigela,
Euonymus radicans. Clematis paniculata, Wistaria,
Hall's Honeysuckle, Japanese Ivy, Crimson
Rambler, Memorial Rose and Rugosa Roses,
Japanese Anemone, Japanese Lilies, Japanese
Plum, Kiefer Pear, Japanese Chestnut, Japanese
Dogwood, Ginkgo, Japanese Maple, Japanese
Poplar, Styrax, and many others.

M. Kobus. This promises to make a tree as hand-

Magnolia Kobus, continued

some as a Small-leaf Linden. We have symmetri-
cal trees 8 feet high. It is said to have flowers like
the Magnolia stellata, but it has not yet bloomed,
while the latter blooms profusely when but 2
feet high.

M. hypoleuca. This is a big, broad tree, with
leaves resembling the Large-leaved Magnolia,
which show silvery white beneath when turned
by the breeze. The foliage remains solid and
unharmed by drought or severe winds. The
flowers are about 9 inches wide, creamy white,
with a crown of brilliant crimson stamens in the
center. We recommend it highly. June.

M. parviflora. This is probably the least known
of all the Magnolias, and, to our mind, the flowers,
if shown in the florists' windows, would create
as great a sensation as orchids, if these were
entirely new. They are alabaster-white cups,
about 3 inches in diameter, with the purest reel
stamens inside. It starts to bloom in June
before the rose-bugs defile it, and continues in
July and August after they have gone.

M. Watsoni. This resembles the last, except that
the flowers are slightly larger.

Maple • Acer

"I want trees" is the first thought, and the second is "plant Maples." This universal popularity is
founded on certainty and quickness of growth, dense shade, symmetrical form, and brilliant autumn colors,
for all these qualities are included in the Maple family. We offer the biggest and best Maples on the market.
They are skillfully trained by new methods to the best possible condition. While Maples are tenacious of
life when poorly grown and the roots cut short, when grown and transplanted our way, they grow luxu-
riantly and severe pruning is not necessary. You buy a big, broad, symmetrical top, and you get it. Another
tree with the same sized trunk, but with poor, coarse
roots and crowded top, is comparatively worthless.

Norway. Ac-er platanoides. The spherical top and

dense, dark green foliage distinguish this tree.

Ability to take care of itself is a permanent

characteristic. Like the Baldwin apple and the

Concord grape, the Norway Maple has been long

recognized as the safe variety to plant. It is the

all-round, general-purpose shade tree. For those

wishing to add greater variety, there are, for-
tunately, many other species, as Linden, Oak,

Elm, available in our nurseries.

The points of peculiar excellence of our Nor-
way Maples are, abundant fibrous roots, straight

trunk, single leader, preventing splitting and

permitting the tree to be trimmed higher, and

wide, symmetrical top. It takes more room in

the nursery to grow trees with wide tops and

good roots, but the trees are worth the difference.
We offer trees with high heads for street plant-
ing, or low, broad tops for lawns. Ten, twenty

or thirty years can be saved by planting these

big Maples.
Silver. A. saccharinum; syn., A. dasycarpum.

There is more foliage for the cost in Silver Maples

than in any other tree. It is the best of the cheap,

quick trees for most soils and situations. In late

summer, after a drought, the Silver Maples will

look well while the Carolina Poplars do not. Our

stock is trained to single leader, which prevents

splitting ; dense, symmetrical, Linden-shaped

tops, not liable to breakage by wind or ice, and

abundant fibrous roots, which make them sure

to live.

If your problem is to make a tall screen to

stable or house, these Maples, 20 to 40 feet high,
will do it satisfactorily. If an entrance drive is
to be immediately shaded, they will form a grace-
ful, Elm-like arch. The Silver Maple takes the

Norway Maples. After fifteen years of skillful growing,
we have developed hundreds of these broad, symmetrical trees
from ordinary 10-foot trees.

22

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Deciduous Trees

Siloer Maples from our blocks of extra-sized trees sup-
plied to the late Hon. Win. C. Whitney, Old Westbury.
We have a large quantity of trees of the same age, 1 8 years,
that are trained to broad ovate tops and single leaders.

Maple, Silver, continued

place of the Elm on many of our roads, for the
Elm does not reach its typical development on
Long Island. If the problem is to shade a house
or porch, these Maples, 20 to 40 feet high, will
add the most comfort and beauty for the least
co&t. The Silver Maple is not fitted to parts of
the Rockaway peninsula.

Wier's Weeping Cut-Leaf Silver. A. sac-
charinum var. Wieri. A variety of the
Silver Maple, with long, gracefully curving
branches.

Sugar, Rock, or Hard. A . saccharum; syn.,
saccharinum. The Sugar Maple is a tall,
ovate tree, which thrives best on the deep
soils on the north shore of Long Island
and reaches its highest beauty on the rocky
soils of New England and westward.

Scarlet, or Red. A . rubrum. A strong, Oak-
like tree, beautiful and healthy in all situa-
tions. It is native to both swamps and up-
lands on Long Island. It has brilliant
autumn foliage. We offer trees 30 feet high,
suitable for massing or single specimens.

Mulberry • Morus

The Mulberries are large and wide-spread-
ing, vigorous and rapid in growth, making
beautiful shade trees.
New American and Downing'* Everbear*

ing. M.alba. Varieties cultivated for fruit,
and also handsome broad shade trees.

Mulberry, continued

Russian. M. alba, var. Tatarica. A small tree
of dense foliage, suited to large groups of shrub-
bery. It was introduced into the western states
by the Russian Mennonites and recently the fol-
lowing variety was found.

Weeping. M. alba, var. Tatarica pendula. Teas'
Weeping Mulberry. This is the best of the um-
brella-shaped trees, such as Kilmarnock Willow,
Camperdown Elm, Weeping Ash, etc. It grows
7 feet per year, and has healthy foliage of a rich
dark green. The fruit is edible. The usual form
is grafted on a stem 4 feet high, from which the
branches droop to the ground.

It may be trained as a garden arch or pergola,
or as a summer-house or verdant tent at the end
of a garden walk, or as a children's play-house.
We offer them trained as a summer-house with
iron supports, from 5 to 8 feet high. Trained to
a stake, its graceful sprays fall to the ground
like a fountain jet.

We also grow it as a shrub, when it heaps up
masses of arching branches 4 feet high and 8 feet
wide, and best used for massing or edging shrub-
bery and for covering steep banks.

Paulownia • Empress Tree

Paulownia imperialis. A tall, broad tree like
the Catalpa. Its large blue flowers, borne in
panicles often a foot long, are not conspicuous,
because of their height and resemblance to the
color of the sky. Blooms in May. Fragrant.

Peach • Prunus

Double-flowering. Prunus Persica, var. camellicE-
flora plena. Small trees covered in early spring,
with a wealth ot beautiful double blossoms; white,
pink or crimson.

Pepperidge • Nyssa

Nyssa sylvatica. Sour Gum. To lovers of brilliant
autumn colors this tree is a favorite. It is native
to most of the Long Island forests. Its branches
are horizontally arranged and the foliage small
and glossy.

Weeping Mulberry, trained as play-house. The trees we offer are
now five years older than when photographed

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. /.— Deciduous Tree

23

Pin Oaks supplied to Mr. J. Rogers Maxwell, Glen Cove, L. I. We have many of this height in the nursery

Oak • Quercus

More than sixty per cent of the Long Island forests are Oaks. Therefore, grow Oaks. There are eleven
species of Oak native to Long Island. For every type of Long Island soil and for every class of moisture
supply or climate exposure, there is a species. Trees raised from Long Island seed are adapted to Long
Island conditions.

You want a border of foliage 10 to 30 feet high. It is not necessary to use Poplars and Willows because
of their reputed quick growth. We offer Oaks up to 40 feet. If you have Poplars and Willows, plant Oaks
between to come on for permanent trees. If you have a stretch of land too poor for lawn, or costing too
much to make a good lawn, plant with Oaks and Pines and let it alone. They take care of themselves.
Cut the grass once a year, or not at all. When they crowd, thin them out. It is the swamp, type or humid-
climate type of tree and shrub, constituting the majority of nursery stock, which needs cultivation or
mulch, water and fertilizer, to preserve its greatest beauty. To plant the small one- to two-year Oaks and
Pines, etc., open a cleft by pushing down a long spade, put in the little tree, with the root down straight
and 2 inches deeper than before, and pack the earth solidly.

You may have to cut through woods, leaving a raw edge of bare trunks. It needs rounding off and
feathering down. Long Island's most harmonious foliage is Oak and Dogwood.

You may have a hill of abandoned land. A large number of building sites are of this character, — im-
poverished farms, now patches of bare sand, Blackberries, Bayberry and Cedar. Nature's next step is to
let the squirrels bring in a few acorns. When they bear, more nuts are planted. Nature is slow. Lead
Nature. Do what Nature is going to do, but do it first. The thriftiest Oaks are often found in these patches
of bare sand. Plant Oaks and plant them thickly. It is cheaper and better to let them occupy all the ground.
Ir. short, get forest conditions. Remember the rule of a famous landscape architect; "Plant thick, thin
quick."

Forestry. Forestry must include largely the Oaks. Long Island forests produce almost no sawed
timber, because the trees are sprouts from stumps and are rotten and feeble as they reach saw-log size.
Trees from seed are sound and vigorous. The German forests are largely from the planting of small trees
of the size we offer.

Have the satisfaction of starting a forest right, even if the assessment is too high to make it profitable.
Let this forest teach you, and teach your friends and neighbors, that there is no mystery about growing

24

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Deciduous Trees

Oak, continued

forest crops. Invention cannot remove the necessity of forestry. Remove the mystery, lessen the fire risk,
and capital and state will take hold of forestry. Stockholders in railroads, manufacturers and consumers
will all be educated by your forest. An Oak, Hickory and Pine forest will give the highest beauty, because

they will be among the happiest, most luxuri-
ant and healthiest trees. Despise not the little
tree. It enables you to do big things at low
first cost and interest. In eight years a grove
of I -foot trees and one of 6-foot trees will look
alike. If you want a few trees 15 to 20 feet,
that is another proposition. Plant big ones
with good roots.

For seaside planting, some of the Oaks are
the best of all. Their thick, leathery foliage
stands the caustic salt spray and the grinding
action of the sand blast. Their tough arms
battle with the gale. Their long-reaching roots
gather sustenance from the sand. If a great
storm damages the foliage, they have the
vigor to make a new, dense growth. The
Black, Scarlet, Post, Scrub, and Chestnut Oaks
should be included in seaside planting.

The windbreak value of Oaks is threefold.
First, the leaves remain all the year on
certain species, especially in the drier soils.
Second, even with the species which drop their
leaves, their thick, twiggy growth helps.
Third, they help the Pines and Spruces, with-
out being so thirsty as to rob them. Nature
favors that partnership. On the prairie, this
combination has made the best shelter belts.
If you want trees that will give the least
trouble with insects, fungus, drought, winter-
killing, plant the kind of Oaks that fit your
conditions, and cut back three-quarters of
the top. That is the secret of successful
transplanting of hardwood trees.

Large 'Pin Oa£s in Westbury Nursery, ready for mature results.
Trees over 1 2 in. diameter, 30 ft. high and 20 ft. spread

Pin. Quercus palustris. The Pin Oak has led the
way in popularizing the Oaks, because it is easy
to transplant. It is of symmetrical, ovate form,
with lower branches gracefully spreading down-
ward. It has a bright autumn color. It grows
rapidly, sometimes 4 feet per year, and thrives
on all Long Island soils. The illustrations show
Pin Oaks 2 feet in diameter, growing vigorously
ten years after we have moved them, showing
that the idea that large trees fail is not based on
our methods. Large Pin Oaks recover quickly
from transplanting, and will often give a good
shade the second year. In our Nursery are large
quantities of broad Pin Oaks, 20 to 30 and 30 to
40 feet high, ready to shade your house, screen
unsightly buildings, complete your home picture.

Red. Q. rubra. The big, gravity-defying, broad-
spreading branches, sinewy as a pugilist's arm,
show even on the young trees. Of course, the
White Oak is the ideal and equals the European
Oak of literature, art, and history, but the Red
Oak will attain the same qualities earlier. It is
well dressed with large, clean foliage that turns
deep red in autumn and then falls off. Its growth
is as rapid as the Norway, or Sugar Maple. A
tree that will always do its work quickly and
require no coddling, frequently making 3 feet of
growth per year. We offer a good stock" of trees
recently transplanted.

Scarlet. Q. coccinea. Probably the commonest
Oak tree on Long Island. Its foliage resembles
the Pin Oak, but its lower branches are larger,
stronger and spread upward. Its leaves turn to
brilliant scarlet late in autumn, and in some soils
they remain red all winter.

For windbreak and all-the-year screen, this
leaf-retaining feature is of great value. If you
do not trim them, the branches will remain thick
and broad to the ground. In drought it thrives
and keeps on growing when other trees stop.

Order 500 Scarlet Oaks and 500 Pines, plant
5 to 10 feet apart, and they will do more than
five times the investment in shrubs.

Black. Q. velutina. The Black Oak is the closest
relative and companion of the Scarlet Oak, and,
by some botanists, considered a variety of the
same species. The useful qualities of the Scarlet
Oak apply to the Black Oak, with the addition
that its thicker, more leathery leaves fit it to
stand salt spray. The general appearance of the
tree is big and sturdy, and next the surf it makes
a low tree, pugnacious and broad-shouldered,
with branches to the ground. Miles of sand dunes
can be held by it if only they are started.

Post. Q. stellata. The polished black-green leathery
leaves announce this a drought-resister. It is
native on the bare, sandy hillsides or on the
gravelly seashore. It makes a broad tree.

Isaac Hicks £r Son, Westbury Station, N. /. — "Deciduous Trees

25

Oak, continued

White. Quercus alba. The white Oak, spreading
its branches for nearly a hundred feet, possesses
dignity and strength, representing the growth of
over a century. What will it do in twenty years?
Recall the lO-foot sapling you knew by the fence,
as a child? Now it is 30 feet high and wide,
strong and lithe, dignified, full of prc-mise, never
loses what it gains. Would you not rather have
it than the quicker Poplars already rotting and
toppling to the earth? If you want a monument
for the future, plant a grove of White Oaks.

Chestnut. Q. prinus. The Chestnut Oak is native
to two types of soil on Long Island; where drain-
age is excessive — the slopes of Cold Spring Harbor
and similar valleys, and of the Rockaway penin-
sula. A large, handsome tree with chestnut-like
foliage which turns to rich russet in autumn.

Dwarf Chestnut. Q. prinoides. An almost un-
known comrade ot the Scrub Oak. On the Hemp-
stead Plains it makes a carpet a foot high and
several yards wide, creeping by underground
stems. It will make a delicate and graceful shrub
of 5 feet. Plant in shrubberies and on dry banks.

Swamp White. Q. bicolor. The1 Swamp White
Oak is a shaggy-barked tree, native to heavy
land on Long Island. It is of the White Oak type,
but grows more rapidly and is more upright.
Its foliage stands city air.

Mossy Cup, or Burr. Q. macrocarpa. A tall,
rugged tree with twigs thickly ridged with cork.

Scrub. Q. ilicifolia. The Scrub Oak need not be
despised ; the melancholy effect of the thou-
sands of acres of it on Long Island is due to the
forest fires which cause the even-topped growth,
ragged Pines and poverty of soil. Its dense
growth and drought-resisting qualities make it
valuable for nurse-planting on dry banks. It
will form a round or flat-topped bush of 10 feet.

Aoenue of Red Oafa planted by us in 1905 on the
Mineola Fair Grounds. They have outgrown some of the
Maples, and already show the strong Oak character.

Residence of Mr. John L. Lawrence, Lawrence, L. I. In 1897 we moved in large Pin Oaks, Wild Cherry, old
Boxwood and large Shrubs, giving immediately the setting its architecture required. The gardener tells with amusement of
some curious passers-by, who inquired how old the house was, and refused to believe his statement, " It was a bare field
three years ago."

26

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Deciduous Trees

English Oak on lawn of Mr. J. W. B. Van De Water,
Hempstead, planted from our nursery about 1 2 years ago

Oak, continued

Laurel. Quercus imbricaria. The Laurel, or Shingle
Oak, is a beautiful tree in all respects. The leaves
are the shape of the Laurel, without lobes or
notches, and of dark, lustrous color. Our stock
is from a tree planted by the late Wm. C. Bryant,
at Roslyn, L. I.

Black Jack. Q. Marylandica. In the driest gravel
of Long Island this makes a symmetrical, round-
topped tree of 40 feet, having the qualities of
strength and rugged endurance, even when small,
looking like a miniature old Oak. We recommend
its extensive planting on very sterile soils.

Turkey Oak. Q. cerris. A tall tree, of good foliage,
of value in arboretums.

Willow. Q. Phellos. The narrow foliage of the
Willow and the habit of the Pin Oak combined,
make this one of the prettiest ornamental trees.
Our stock is from Philadelphia, and occasionally
winter-kills. It is native on Staten Island, and we
expect to get the hardy form later.

English, or Royal. Q. pedunculata; syn., Q. Robur.
The trees we offer are from the seed of a tree
planted by Isaac Hicks that has grown 40 feet
high and 40 feet broad, 30 years from planting,
and gives promise of attaining the qualities that
have made this species famous in history.

We have a quantity of these trees that have been
grown wide apart and have developed broad
heads and strong, horizontal branches, and now
show the Oak character. If you wish a group of
Oaks, plant these for immediate effect. We
offer them at exceedingly low prices. Plant be-
tween them some American Oaks, because they
will be most sure to have permanently good
foliage.

Persimmon • Diospyros

Diospyros Virginiana. It is not generally known
that this fruit tree of the South is native here,
forming a round-headed tree of healthy, dark and
glossy foliage.

Phellodendron • Chinese Cork Tree

Phellodendron Amurense. This is a very prom-
ising tree, growing rapidly to broad-spreading
form. It may be used for lawn or street purposes.
We recommend it very highly. It resembles the
Ailanthus. but is without its faults.

Plane Tree * Platanus

Platanus orientalis. Oriental Plane, or Sycamore.
This tree is better than the well-known American
Buttonball, being free from fungous diseases.
It grows to a large, broad-spreading, symmetrical
tree. The past severe winters have damaged the
bark in some localities.

Poplar • Populus

Carolina. Populus deltoides, var. Carolinensis.
The Carolina Poplar is the most commonly planted,
as it quickly forms a tall tree. However, for most
Long Island soil, it is a failure after a few years,
and we know of no one who is pleased with it
after ten or fifteen years. To do well, it needs
rich soil, free from drought.

Japanese. P. suaveolens. We highly recommend
this species for general planting on Long Island.
In spring it comes out as early as the Larch;
that is two weeks earlier than other trees, and it
remains green later in the season than most trees.
The foliage is thick like the Rosa rugosa and is
equally healthy. The large specimens of this
tree excite admiration from all who make their
acquaintance. We believe we are the only nur-
sery offering it.

We do not say it is the best tree, but it is the
best Poplar, and is one of the best quick, cheap
trees. Its roots penetrate deeply, and so it stands
drought better than the other Poplars. Most
important of all, it is free from the rust that
half defoliates the Carolina Poplar and makes
the suburbanite angry with the real estate com-
pany that planted them because they were cheap.

Lombardy. P. nigra, var. Italica; syn., P.fastigiata;
syn., P. dilatata. The Lombardy Poplar has
distinct characteristics, and may be used for
landscape effect to vary the sky-line. It is ragged
and short-lived on Long Island, and we do not
recommend it for screen or mass planting, although
it is frequently ordered for that purpose because
of its rapid, tall growth.

For making a satisfactory screen, we have
tall trees of better species, as the Silver Maple,
Norway Maple and Pin Oak, which will keep
dense foliage. If these grow too broad, they can
be cut back at the sides, as in France and Holland.

Silver Bell, or Snowdrop Tree

(Halesia)

Halesia tetraptera; syn., Mohrodendron tetrap-
tera. A small tree, known because of the masses
of white bells which cover it in May. The Silver
Bell, the orange-flowered Styrax, the Dogwood
and the Sweet Bay Magnolia make a beautiful
group.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Deciduous Trees

27

Thorn (Hawthorn) • Crataegus

Paul's Double Scarlet. Cratagus monogyna, var.
Pauli. The brilliant intensity of color distin-
guishes this little tree from all others. Like the
foregoing, it is valuable only for its flowers.

Cockspur. C. Crus-galli. This species is native on
the most windy portions of the Hempstead Plains
and edges of salt meadows. It is a picturesque
tree, growing 10 to 20 feet high, with long, hori-
zontal, sharp-pointed branches. The leaves are
thick and glossy. In autumn the branches are
covered with bright red haws.

We recommend it highly where a Hawthorn
hedge is wanted. It should be used in large mass
plantings of shrubs. The English Hawthorn has
indicated its dislike to this climate, and is subject
to San Jose scale.

Tulip Tree • Liriodendron

Liriodendron tulipifera. White Wood. This
ranks with the White Oak and the White Pine
as one of the noblest trees native of Long Island.
It grows rapidly to a tall, symmetrical tree,
which should be extensively used for lawn and
avenue planting. It should be very carefully
planted in the spring. The Tulip becomes the
tallest tree in the forest, with a straight trunk,
tapering as gracefully as the Ionic column in
a Grecian temple. The foliage is healthy through-
out the season, and the flowers, large yellow
tulips in June.

Pyramidal. L. tulipifera, var. pyramidale. This
grows in a narrow column like the Lombardy
Poplar. It is worthy of a trial.

Yellow- Wood • Cladrastis

Cladrastis tinctoria; syn., Virgilea lutea. A

combination of the good qualities of the Beech
and Locust. It has smooth, gray bark and bears
long racemes of white flowers.

Wallow • Salix

The Willow family is characterized by quick
growth on ground too wet for many other trees,
combined with ease in transplanting. It may be
used for temporary planting on uplands. For the
seaside, plant in thick, wide masses, i. e., groups 10
to 30 feet wide with the trees 4 to 10 feet apart.
Babylonian Weeping. Salix Babylonica. The

well-known Weeping Willow.

Salamon's. S. Babylonica, var. Salamonii. A

variety of the above, with more upright branches

the ends of which are drooping. A rapid-growing

and handsome tree.

Yellow, or White. 5. mlellina. An upright-branched

yellow-barked tree.

Laurel-Leaf, or Bay -Leaf. 51. pentandra; syn.,
5. laurifolia. This can be used for the same pur-
pose as the California Privet. It grows taller
and more rapidly. Plant 6 to 10 feet apart to
form a quick, tall screen. The leaves are broad,
thick and glossy.

Walnut • Juglans

See, also. Nut Trees

Black. Juglans nigra. Among the Black Walnuts
are found some of the most venerable and rugged
great trees on Long Island. It likes good soil,
about 10 feet above an underground stream,
with plenty of room to develop. It will bear
crops of nuts annually. The foliage falls in early
autumn.

Butternut, or White Walnut. J. cinerea.
Another useful tree nut that is native to Long
Island. It grows about 30 feet high.

Japanese. J . cordiformis. The rapid growth and
wide-spreading top of this species gives it orna-
mental value. The nuts grow in clusters and
resemble the Butternut.

English. J . regia. The pride of several old Long
Island homesteads is the English Walnut tree.

Maple

[Norway Maple Japanese Poplar Pin Oak Silver Maple

Lawn of Mr. Winthrop Burr, Lawrence, L. I., on a bare site near the ocean. Large trees selected from our Nursery

Residence of Mr. Stanley Mortimer, Roslyn, L. I. Planting of large evergreens by Hicks tree-mover. Cedars,
Pines, Spruce, Fir and Hemlock up to 20 and 30 feet were moved, to separate the entrance drive from the
sunken service court. There are groups of such evergreens at each end of the mansion, which take away the
bleak, bare wind-swept appearance from the new house on the crest of the hill. Old Dwarf Boxwood on the left,
with the English Ivy, completes the picture.

28

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Evergreens

29

Evergreens

The question arises: What will evergreens do to enhance the beauty and value of my property? Every
owner has ideals for the future development of his land. Do these ideals include a grove of Pine, a wind-
break of Spruce trees, a Pine-forested hill or a valley with Hemlock-covered slopes? Have journeys to the
northern mountains given memories of Balsam, Pine and Spruce that you would like to see reproduced
near home? This can, in large measure, be
accomplished. The evergreens of northern
latitudes, as the Hemlock and White Pine,
are native on Long Island; but the axe of the
early settlers and the fires have nearly ex-
terminated them, and it is necessary to plant
to give our winter landscapes the beauty,
interest and cheerfulness that the climate
permits.

The utilitarian value of evergreens is
but little understood. They have been re-
garded as the extravagant and isolated orna-
ments on the lawn. That is partly the fault
of the nurserymen for not growing them in
large quantities and offering them at low
prices.

To aid in deciding what to order, we
state the merits and limitations of each
species. We offer evergreens in nearly every
size, price and variety that can be used in
this region. It remains for you to decide to
what extent evergreens will help your prop-
erty, and what size will suit your purposes.

For immediate results, we have the
largest-sized evergreens on the market, and,
what is equally important, have invented
and constructed several types of tree-moving
machinery for successfully moving large
evergreens.

On the other hand, if small evergreens
will best suit your purposes, we believe that
we have the largest quantity that has ever
been grown in the northeastern United
States. It has heretofore been the custom
to import small evergreens from Europe, but a
long test has proven that most of the kinds
native to Europe are not permanently hardy or handsome here.

If medium-sized trees, from 2 to 5 feet high, will best suit your requirements, we feel certain
that no better trees can be grown than those here offered. Our stock has been trained to have abundant
fibrous roots, and will be dug in a way to insure excellent results.

How many to order depends on the area to be covered and the distance apart. Evergreens love com-
pany. The mutual protection of a grove where one tree shelters another from the drying winds, adds to
their beauty and usefulness. The individual tree will be much more dense in foliage when it is surrounded
by a grove of other trees. "Plant thick, thin quick," is the summary of a discussion on this subject by a
convention of landscape architects and park superintendents. Both parts of this rule are more important
with evergreens than with deciduous trees. We have made it possible to plant thickly by offering evergreens
in large quantities and at low prices, and our tree-moving inventions make it easy and safe to thin safely
at the proper time, and utilize these trees for other planting or for sale. Before our method of tree-moving,
it was customary to cut down and throw away such trees, because evergreens over 9 feet high were often
thought too big to move successfully.

The distance apart will, therefore, depend upon how quickly you wish results and upon how windy
the situation is.

For a screen belt, evergreens may be planted 5 to 12 feet apart. The group should be 15 feet wide,

Vista of tall Red Cedars moved by us on Hicks Tree- Movers in the
Italian Garden of Mr. Stanley Mortimer, Roslyn, L. I. This vista
leads to the Villa d'Este circle described on page 9. The ground
is carpeted with moss pink.

30

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.—lLbergreens

or preferably more, to gain the mutual protection. If you are planting large evergreens, as Pines and Cedars,
10 to 20 feet high, it will be best to leave 3 to 8 feet space between the outer branches of each tree, and
to plant two or three rows of trees to make a complete screen. This results in the sun reaching the lower
branches of each tree, and thus making a dense screen or windbreak. Otherwise the lower branches are
shaded and killed.

The grouping of evergreens is comparatively an easy matter. They show what they are when they
arrive, unlike deciduous trees and shrubs. Evergreens may be grouped alone or with other trees and shrubs.
If they love company, it does not mean necessarily evergreen company. The best Pine timber is frequently
mixed with Birch and Oak, and in landscape planting Oak and Pine make one of the strongest combinations.
If you wish a belt of evergreens mixed with deciduous trees and shrubs, the evergreens can be planted in
August and September and the shrubs the following autumn and spring.

Hemlocks dislike the dry northwest
wind. Therefore, when they are young, they
may be surrounded with deciduous shrubs,
as Weigela, Golden Bell, Spirea, Viburnum,
or Witch Hazel. These should be cut back or
moved away, to allow 2 feet of space for the
sunlight around the evergreens. One of the
best Pine groves we have seen is arranged in
this manner.

The planting of evergreens is one of the
simplest horticultural operations. If there
is no ball of earth on the roots, spread the
roots out in the hole and cover with mellow
earth and pack firmly with a stick or the foot.
If the ground is dry, water it. A mulch of
leaves, straw or manure will help hold the
moisture. With evergreens shipped with a
ball of earth, arrange the group by setting
the trees in the positions desired, dig the
holes and set the trees in. Then remove the
covering to the ball of earth and spread out
the roots. If the ball of earth should crumble,
that is no special harm, spread out the roots
and cover them with mellow earth. It is less
necessary to water them than where the trees
are delivered without ball of earth. However,
in summer planting, the demands of the foli-
age are constant and it is not wise to omit
water.

Carting good soil is rarely necessary
for evergreens, because, as you have probably
Hedge of tall Cedars planted by us to separate the service court noticed, they are usually native to the poorer
from the formal garden for Mr. Stanley Mortimer, Roslyn. This so{is Evergreens require only a small fraction
hedge is double to more effectively shut out sight and sound. We as much moisture as deciduous lrees; that js>
otter hundreds or similar evergreens

a Maple tree will need ten times as much

water in a season as a Pine tree of the same bulk; therefore, a moisture-retaining soil is not necessary.

Plant and let Nature work for you. Rain and sun cost nothing, after the land is paid for.

How to Order. Order from this price-list or, if you wish more rare varieties, write for list. It is not
necessary to come to the Nursery to select your stock. We have large blocks of evergreens, and will select
trees of good quality. There are very few trees of unsymmetrical form, and these we skillfully prune and
keep to grow into good-shaped specimens, or throw into the bonfire. However, a visit to the Nursery,
either summer or winter, may be a revelation to you of the beauty and variety of evergreens, and may aid
you in understanding which is the most economical size to buy for various purposes.

Large evergreens, from 10 to 30 feet, had best be the subject of correspondence or, preferably, a con-
ference on your grounds or at the nursery. Large evergreens, up to 25 feet, can be safely shipped by rail and
larger sizes by barge.

We are experimenting with all the evergreens we can get that are likely to survive here. They are
being tested in the Nursery and in various sites; seashore and center of Long Island; on the mainland, on

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

31

Sand-bluff planting on property of Mr. W. Emlen Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, L. I. A few years ago this was a bank of
running sand. It was planted with Red Cedar, Bayberry and Broom, and the native growth of Locust, Virginia Creeper,
Poison Vine, Oak and Blackberry encouraged. A comparatively inexpensive sea-wall of posts and rocks holds the base.

Bluff at Red Spring, Glen Cove. In the winter the loss of land at the top is rapid, but can be prevented by close plant-
ing with small evergreens (as described under Pitch Pine), mixed with various deciduous shrubs and vines. Partial death of
the trees at the top could have been checked by low planting about their roots. Concrete sea-wall and jetties of boulders.

32

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — TLbergreens

dry, sandy soil and heavy damp soil, on wind-swept hill and sheltered valley or open plain. We occasionally
give away some of these to customers who are willing to test them. Let us know if you are interested in this.
Time to Plant. Small evergreens, 3 inches to 3 feet high, we plant without balls of earth all the year,
excepting from October to March. In June and July the new growth is soft but they live the same as cab-
bage. Medium-sized evergreens, 3 to 8 feet high, with balls of earth, can be planted all the year. If planted
between October and February 20, it is best to mulch the roots to keep out frost, and to protect the tops
from wind. Large evergreens, 8 to 40 feet high, with balls of earth, we move all the year with good results.
"What is the best time to plant?" is usually the first question. It should be the last. What are my needs
and what class of trees will do? What species and geographical variety of the species will best fit the soil
and climate? Who has it in the sizes wanted at a fair price? What is the quality of roots and top? Will
they be dug and delivered with good roots? What are the seasons for planting?

Arborvitae • Thuya

American. Thuya occidentalis. Before the days
of the California Privet, this was the most popular
hedge plant. It stands shearing well and makes a
dense screen. Its popularity was due to the
abundant supply and the rapidity with which
it could be grown from cuttings.

One of the most eminent and the first landscape
gardener in this country, A. J. Downing, says,
"The only fault of this tree as an evergreen is
the comparatively dingy green hue of its foliage
in winter. But, to compensate for this, it is re-
markably fresh-looking in its spring, summer and
autumn tints, appearing well at those seasons
with the bright verdure of deciduous trees."

It sometimes winter-kills on Long Island or
gets open and ragged. Therefore, for extensive
planting, the Red Cedar and the hardiest varie-
ties of Pines and Spruces are preferable.

Siberian. T. occidentalis, var. Wareana; syn.,
T ' . Sibirica. This is darker green and more dense
in growth than the American. It forms a broader
pyramid and is slower in growth.

We have uniform pyramids accurately sheared,
which are suitable for formal gardens and vases.
They are also useful for making evergreen groups,
especially those which are to be kept below a
certain height.

Pyramidal. T. occidentalis, var. pyramidalis. This
forms a dark green shaft resembling the young
plants of Red Cedar. It will make a column 10
feet high and 2 feet wide and is, therefore, valu-
able in formal gardens.

Booth's. T. occidentalis, var. Boothi. There are
many places where a dense, globular-formed
evergreen that will stay about 3 feet high is
needed, and the Booth's Arborvitae will fill that
requirement excellently.

Dwarf. T. occidentalis, var. globosa. As a substitute
for Box edging this is useful. It is dense in texture
and can be used either as garden edging or in
carpet-bedding with Retinosporas and other
evergreens. It can be kept trimmed to I or 2
feet in height.

Golden, or George Peabody. T ' . occidentalis, var.
lutea. A bright golden yellow all the year. Useful
in evergreen beds to give variety and to relieve the
somberness of the green. It is equally as good as
the Retinospora plumosa aurea.

Chinese. T. orientalis. A pyramidal tree with
branches set edgewise. Of value for hedges, par-
ticularly in the South. These cheap little plants
can be used for bordering garden paths. The
winter color is a rich bronze.

Standish. T. Japonica; syn., Thuyopsis Stand iskii.
A rapid-growing species, resembling the American,
and useful for hedges.

Laundry paddock of Red Cedar planted by us. A windbreak of this kind prevents tearing of the laundry. Residence

of Mr. Wm. Baldwin, Garden City

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — TLbergreens

33

Arches for garden paths, entrance gates, or they can be placed
end to end, as in the formal garden of Mr. Stanley Mortimer, Roslyn,
L. I. These arches are accurately trained, and can be taken apart
and shipped. See also privet arches on page 62.

Tall Cedars in our nursery, ready for transplanting any time of the
year. These 25 -foot trees can be safely shipped.

Cedar Hedge, protecting the vegetable garden of Mr. W. Emlen
Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, L. I. The Marsh Elder (Baccharis halmi-
folia) growing on the Beech at high-tide level. See page 56.

Red Cedar

(Juniperus Virginiana]

This is the cheapest evergreen for immedi-
ate effect. It is among the best evergreens
for sterile, sandy soil and salt spray.

We have solved more landscape problems
with the Red Cedar than with any other
evergreen, not only because it is abundant
and cheap, but because it is beautiful and
rapid in growth. A plantation of young
Cedars will gain in height as rapidly as the
average Pine or Spruce.

The illustrations show some of the uses to
which it has been put. The service court and
laundry paddock are problems at every
house. Cedars will make screens for the least
cost in the most dense and thorough manner,
and occupy the least space.

For screening buildings, we have planted
hundreds of tall Cedars which have com-
menced work right away and kept it up the
year round and proven that they can keep it
up for 50 or 100 years, for Cedars are very
long-lived trees. It is amusing to see people
try Lombardy Poplars for this work on
unsuitable soils and exposures, because " Pop-
lars are so quick, you know." The Poplars
will frequently grow quickly for two or three
years and then, like a tattered veil, commence
to thin out and look worse than no planting.
Privacy and seclusion are fundamental;
demands of human nature in a civilized
stage. There should be portions of the lawn,
garden and porches secluded from intrusion.
Rest and repose are nearly as essential as food
The flower garden can be screened from the
other portions of the ground and become
practically an out-door room.

We have thousands of Cedars ready.
The gardens of Italy are famous for the
Cypress, — tall columns of bronze-green. In
the formal gardens on large, recently es-
tablished country estates, we have repro-
duced this effect with the native Red Cedars.
In our Nursery are specimens trained for
this purpose from 3 feet to 35 feet high.

For bluffs and sand dunes, small Cedars
should be planted thickly with Pitch Pine,
Scotch Pine, Bayberry, Virginia Creeper,
Goldenrod and other drought-resisting
plants.

We move native Cedars any month in the
year. We have invented machinery for suc-
cessfully and economically handling them.
There are several details essential to success
and we will furnish experienced men. The
soil or geological formation on which they are
growing is an element which needs to be con-
sidered in some cases.

Blue-Red. Juniperus Virginiana glauca.
Occasionally in fields of Red Cedar is seen
one with a decided blue foliage added to the
blue color of the berries.

White. Chamacyparis sphceroidea; syn.,
Cupressus thuyoides. The White Cedar
native to the coast swamps from Massa-
chusetts southward is distinct from the
White Cedar, or Arborvitae, from Maine to
Michigan. It is a tall, black-green pyramid
which can be seen along the Montauk
division of the Long Island railroad in
wet ground or next the salt meadows. It is
suitable to plant in such places.

34

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury -Station, N. Y. — Ebergreens

Residence of Dr. D. H. McAlpin, Morris Plains, N. J. Mass of large Pine, Hemlock and Spruce planted by us in
1906 on Hicks Tree-Movers. Photographed in 1907. We have hundreds of similar trees suitable for shipment by rail in
August, September, winter or spring.

Mt. Atlas Cedar * Cedms atlantica

The Cedars of Lebanon, introduced by the cru-
saders and planted about the older English castles,
are the noblest and broadest evergreens in England.
The Mt. Atlas Cedar grows with the Cedar of
Lebanon in Palestine, and so closely resembles it
that some botanists consider it a variety of the
same species. The Mt. Atlas is the hardier of the
two. It should be planted in groves of Pine and
Spruce. If this is done, in a few years people will
be surprised to see gracefully arching branches of
sparkling blue-green foliage, and many inquiries
will be received for the name of the new and
beautiful evergreen. Our plants are from a tree
35 feet high on Dana's Island, Glen Cove.
Blue. Cedrus Atlantica glauca. This is as blue as
the Roster's Colorado Blue Spruce. There are
a number of trees growing on dry, exposed hills
on Long Island and northern New Jersey.

Cephalotaxus

Cephalotaxus fortune!. This belongs to the Yew
family and has all the good qualities of the Yew,
with the addition of having larger foliage in more
graceful, arching sprays. It likes a sheltered and
moist place, but makes a beautiful plant here in
the open until late winter, when a few branches
get brown. There are beautiful old plants of it
at Glen Cove, 10 feet high and more in width.
It will endure shade and we would recommend its
use near the springy places on the north and
south shore, either in full sun or half shade.

Firs • Abies

Erroneously Picea

The Fir family is typified by the Balsam Fir,
train-loads of which add to our Christmas cheer.

Sentimental friends of the forest lament the
destruction of future valuable timber. They should
study up the question before writing to the papers
and forest commissioners, urging the abolition of
the Christmas tree.

First, the Balsam Fir is not valuable timber;
second, the trees cut are weeds in a pasture and not

Firs, continued

generally from forests; third, in the bountiful pro-
vision of nature, a dozen trees or more will get to
the Christmas tree size for one that reaches saw-log
size; fourth, in cutting Christmas trees only a very
few are selected.

The Firs are all tall, pyramidal trees with a
pointed top. With the exception of the Concolor
and one or two others, they are all a very dark,
lustrous green and have a richness unexcelled by
other evergreens.

Nordmann's. Abies Nordmanniana. The large
specimens in our Nursery excite the admiration
of most people who see them. They are very
broad pyramids of dark, lustrous green. As they
retain the foliage for several years, they are very
dense.

We recommend their use as ornaments in a
group, rather than windbreaks or screens. They
thrive best in company with other evergreens
where their roots can penetrate deeply into
unfrozen ground and where they are protected
from the severest winds. Then they are hardy
and long-lived. Our trees are growing wide apart
and are frequently root-pruned. Like the Orien-
tal Spruce with which it grows in the mountains
of Asia Minor, it has long, coarse roots.

Silver. A. picea; syn., A. pectinata. This is the
common timber Fir of Central Europe. We have
a number of large trees, 10 to 16 feet high, which
we offer at less than the cost of growing them
because they are not reliably hardy, becoming
brown in severe winters in exposed places.

Veitch's. A. Veitchii. This is the color of the
Nordmann's Fir, but with even more of the sil-
very sheen on the lower side of the foliage. It is
a taller and more narrow growing tree. It appears
to be perfectly hardy in both foliage and bud.
This and A. homolepis will, in our opinion, prove
to be the best Japanese conifers.

Concolor, or White. A. concolor. Of all the good
plants from the Colorado mountains, we would
place this in the first rank. It is nearly as blue
as the far-famed Colorado Blue Spruce, but it
is not so decidedly different from the normal

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

35

Fir, conoolor, continued
color of evergreens and,
therefore, can be used
in larger masses. It is
a tree with an appear-
ance of stability, of
rich elegance and dig-
nity. No insect, fungus
or climate troubles have
developed. It is per-
fectly hardy, even on
the seacoast of New
England. It is broader,
more solid and perma-
nent-looking than most
of the other evergreens,
and promises to be a
long-lived tree, retain-
ing its lower branches
in perfect condition.

The reason it has not
become more com-
monly planted is be-
cause of its compara-
tively recent discov-
ery and the more start-
ling novelty, the Colo-
rado Blue Spruce.

Most of the. plantf
are supplied from
Europe, and some are
grafted from side

shoots, making crooked trees. Another trouble is
that some of the foreign stock is of the variety
native to California, and, therefore, not so hardy.
It has long, coarse roots, and occasional root-
pruning is necessary to keep it in condition for
successful transplanting.

We have grown onr larger trees in squares
where they have ample room to develop, so
that they can be root-pruned. It may be a trite
saying that it should be in every collection, at
least in every collection that has room for a
dozen trees of medium growth.
Cephalonian. A. Cephalonica. Named from the
island it inhabits on the west coast of Greece.
It resembles the Nordmann's Fir and makes a
broad, dark green tree of rich and solid appearance.
Siberian. A. Sibirica. A promising, rapid-growing
Fir of soft foliage; lighter green in color than the
other Firs.

Eraser's Balsam. A. Fraseri. This is native of
the southern Allegheny mountains, and, so far
as we have tested it, makes a handsome, narrow
pyramid of dark green foliage with the delightful
spicy aroma familiar to those who know the
balsam pillows. It promises to be better adapted
to this climate than the Balsam Fir of the north-
ern forests. We have a number of well-formed
specimens offered at low rates.

Sub-Alpine. A. sub-alpina. A handsome, blue-
green species from the Rocky mountains, resem-
bling Concolor Fir.

Noble. A. nobilis glauca. A dwarf, compact bush
of bluish foliage, of value only in collections.

American Hemlock

(Tsuga Canadensis)

The most graceful evergreen for this region. It is
native to Long Island, but that fact is known to
very few people because of its rarity at present.
Like the White Pine, it was probably cut off by the
early settlers and the remnants nearly exterminated

Concolor Firs moved by Hicks Tree-Moving apparatus for Mr. H. McK. Twombly,

Madison, N. J.

American Hemlock, continued

by the forest fires and crowding of deciduous trees.
It is now growing wild at Oyster Bay, Cold Spring,
East Norwich, Wheatly, Glen Cove, Roslyn, Port
Washington, and The Alley at Little Neck.

It is not good for seaside planting. There is a
map published by the New York Commission for
Additional Water Supply, showing the amount of
salt, or sodium chloride in the rain-water on different
parts of Long Island. At Southampton there are
sixteen parts of chlorine in a million parts of water.
In the center of Long Island there are four parts and
on the north shore seven parts. The California
Privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium), native to the coast
of Japan, thrives best and is hardiest where there
is the most salt, not because of the salt, but because
the ocean influence makes the climate moist and
equable.

Hemlock thrives best where there is the least
ocean influence. It is damaged on the south shore
of Long Island by the warm winter winds from the
ocean, which excite the transpiration of sap from the
foliage. These winds are alternate with dry, cold,
northwest winds. A few hundred yards from the
coast, the Hemlock will thrive if in a grove of trees
or shrubs of similar size.

We woul-d not advise planting Hemlock isolated
on the crest of a bare hill. If you want a Hemlock
hedge in such a position, trim the plants to make
them dense.

We have a large stock of extra-sized Hemlocks,
5 to 9 feet high, that have been sheared to dense,
handsome pyramids. They are suitable for hedges
or screen groups, windbreaks and massing about the
foundation of a house. Such Hemlocks are especial-
ly valuable for planting around the base of groups
of tall Cedars. It frequently occurs that Cedars
20 to 30 feet high are planted as a screen to buildings,
as windbreaks, or background for flower gardens.
The bases of such trees are occasionally bare of foli-
age and irregular. The Hemlocks are naturally full
at the base, and their graceful outlines give a touch
of beauty to the groups.

36

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station. N. Y.— Evergreens

American Hemlock, continued

Another quality of Hemlock is but little appre-
ciated— its ability to stand shade. No other ever-
green except the Yew exceeds it in this respect.
Hemlocks should be planted in the edges of wood-
land, along woodland drives and on steep north
slopes. A Long Island forest is often a monotonous
collection of nearly uniform telegraph poles, and
one of the difficult landscape problems with new
residences in such situations is planting the border
and interior of such woodland.

One solution is to plant Hemlock, Yew, Cephalo-
taxus Fortunei in the shadiest portions with White
Pine, Norway and Douglas Spruce where there
is half sunshine. For deciduous planting, add
Beech and White Birch where they can have a sunny
position, backed by the darkest evergreens. Plant,
also, Flowering Dogwood, Red-flowering Dogwood,
Japanese Dogwood, Judas, Azalea, Golden Bell,
Dwarf Horse -Chestnut, Viburnum, Laurel, Holly
and Rhododendron, with the following vines to
climb the tree trunks. Bitter Sweet, Euonymus
radicans, Honeysuckle, Climbing Roses, Trumpet
Creeper, Virginia Creeper and Wistaria. Besides
these, there are a host of small woodland wild flow-
ers and bulbs. We offer Hemlocks up to 24 feet in
height.

Carolina. Tsuga Caroliniana. The Carolina Hem-
lock is a hardy, handsome tree of lighter green
color and foliage wider apart than the common.

Old Hemlock Hedge

We offer about 400 feet of hedge, as illustrated on
page II. It is about 30 years old and has a mature,
long-established appearance. It most closely re-

Screen to stable at Oyster Bay, L. I.

Old Hemlock Hedge, continued

sembles the famous Yew hedges of England. There
are thousands of dollars annually wasted by im-
porting English Yew, which dies or gets ragged in a
few years. This hedge has been root-pruned to
prepare it for successful transplanting. It can be
taken up in numbered sections and planted as it
was before. It is far cheaper than brick or stone
walls to surround a formal garden, and much more
beautiful and has none of the raw, new look of such
walls. It can be delivered on our tree-movers over
a wide radius on the good roads of Long Island, or
it can be shipped by rail.

This hedge offers an unequaled opportunity to
architects and landscape architects to obtain im-
mediate results for their clients.

See similar hedge that we moved for laundry-
yard screen for Mr. W. G. Oakman.

Juniper • Juniperus

Common. Juniperus communis, var. Canadcnsis.
This is a common plant on the abandoned pas-
tures of New England, and is occasionally found
wild on Long Island. It forms a broad, spreading
mat of ascending branches, sometimes 15 feet
wide and 3 feet high. It is a useful plant for low
evergreen groups or for edging taller groups
for the top of a terrace or near the seashore.
Golden. /. communis, var. Canadensis aurea.
This is the best low golden evergreen. It is of a
bright clear color and remains low. We have a
stock of it which has been sheared and roots
pruned and gives good mature effect, the plants
being 5 to 8 years old.

We recommend it for beds of ever-
greens, as described under Retinospora.
Prostrate, or Trailing. J. Sabina, var. pros-
trata. This is a very distinct species, being
wholly prostrate and spreading along the
ground in wide circles. It has a dark green
color and a moss-like texture. Along the
coast of Maine it clings to the rock within
reach of the surf. It is appropriate for the
top of a stone wall, at the side of terrace
steps, or at the edge of groups of evergreens.
In the dry portion of a rock-garden, it
will be especially at home. Some of the
plants are a dark green color and others
blue, the latter being the variety Hud-

Chinese. J. Chinensis, var. procumbens.
This is an even more compact bed of moss
than the preceding. In Japan it is used for
holding the drifting sand dunes, showing
that their horticulture has advanced farther
than ours in making plants work for man-
kind. The oldest plant in our Nursery is
5 feet in diameter and about 8 inches high.
It has been growing ten years. The plant
makes such an even growth as to suggest
its use instead of grass in covering the
ground. The color in winter is a brighter
green than any similar evergreen. It is
pleasant to walk upon.

Irish. /. communis, var. Hibernica. While
this plant has decided uses in landscape
gardening, we have decided to grow as
little of it as possible because it is so fre-
quently winter-killed. It is a narrow
pillar, perhaps I foot in diameter and 6
feet high.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

37

Group of Scotch, Austrian, Red and Mugho Pines planted in 1893 from our plans made for Mr. J.F. D. Lanier, now
the residence of Mr. Chas. R. Steele, Westbury. We have Pines like these for immediate shipment, and little Pines that will
grow such forests for $ 1 0 per acre.

White Pine • Pinus Strobus

See back cover for large-moved Pine

The White Pine is the biggest and noblest evergreen of its region. It is native from the southern
Appalachian mountains to Long Island, Canada and westward to Minnesota. It is the most valuable
timber tree of the region, and the rapid advance in price shows the folly in this country of not heeding
the example of European countries and encouraging a second growth, either by natural seeding from a few
mother trees left for the purpose, or by artificial planting. The preservation of forests on the water-sheds is
important; it lessens destruction from floods and
loss from low water for navigation and power.
In the state of Maine there are many
people who say that they have cut hay or
dug potatoes thirty or forty years ago, where
now the portable saw-mills turn out a highly
profitable crop of White Pine lumber. The
land was abandoned, and was re-seeded by
old trees standing a few hundred feet away.
These areas would be very much more profit-
able, if, like the forests of Germany and
France, the trees had been planted or thinned
out to uniform distances, thus making clear
lumber.

You have realized the need of forest
preservation for the generation now living
and for the future. Here is a chance to try it.
Small trees have probably not been offered
to you that are cheap and sure to grow. Now
is the time to start. You and all who see and
hear about the forest you planted will learn
how easy it is to grow timber. Perhaps your
land is too valuable for a crop of timber. It is
an object lesson and a good investment,
nevertheless. The trees will improve the
selling value of your land. They will improve
its value for residences.

In our Nursery you will see beds of White
Pine two years old. They look as even as
green moss. The Professors of Forestry say
that this is the economical size to plant. With
compound interest for thirty or fifty years, it
makes a great difference how cheaply the
plantation is started. Planting a Pine forest
is simple — open a cleft and plant. When
that fact is generally known, there will be
a great advance in forestry in this country.
The unknown and imaginary difficulties of
growing trees, and fire protection, are as
great a handicap as the American get-rich-
quick spirit, and the annual tax on growing
timber.

>*

Pine and Oak is the strongest, best, longest-lived, cheapest to start
and maintain; beautiful combination for Long Island. Planted on
the gravelly side - hill next the railroad, on the grounds of Mr.
Clarence H. Mackey, Roslyn. Guy Lowell, Landscape Architect.

38

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

White Pines in Westbury Nurseries, \% ft. high, 4 yrs. Bushy plants, with good roots and not crowded. The size for

economical planting, and old enough to grow rapidly

White Pine, continued

If you wish a forest planted, we will visit the ground, report, and may be able to do part of the work.
The Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture sends experts to inspect forest property
and report on the best treatment.

So much for the forestry side of the White Pine. Most of our customers are interested in its use for
ornament, windbreak and screen.

White Pines are very rapid in their growth. We can show you plants that have grown from I foot to 9 feet

in height in three seasons. Such a tree is apt

to be open in its young stage, and a slightly

slower growth will make a denser tree. The

White Pine may be made to grow in a dense

form by nipping back the tips of the leading

side shoots in June or July. If it seems too

large for your situation, try this experiment

and you will be surprised to see what hand-
some, dense foliage it will make

White Pines are easy to transplant. The

loss from transplanting is very small or fre-
quently nothing. It naturally makes an

abundance of fibrous roots and no tap-root.

It is able to recover quickly from the shock

of transplanting, even with a small amount of

roots.

We have the White Pine in all sizes,

from 2 inches to 40 feet high, and can trans-
plant them with equal success; in fact, with

the large sizes we recall no failures. August

and September planting has been just as

successful as March, April and May. With

the sizes above 10 feet transplanting from

7 wo methods of packing small Evergreens.— On the left, ball of earth in burlap; on the right, roots coated with thick mud
to prevent evaporation, and packed in damp sphagnum moss

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Evergreens

39

White Pine, continued

October to March and June to August has been
entirely successful. When other people forget that
tree-planting can be done and discontinue ordering,
then is the time — mid-winter or midsummer — that
we move large evergreens for ourselves, and rind
it both economical and successful.

Can you not profit by this example and order
Pines, Cedars and other evergreens moved in the
slack season? The trees are here; you have only to
call and see them, or write. We own White Pines
in different parts of the country and can look up
others. We can send tree-mover and men to move
them for you. Some landscape architects have not
become accustomed to the successful planting of
large trees, and the knowledge that an abundant
supply is available. Therefore, their clients have to
wait 10 to 20 years for results which we can furnish
in one or two years.

Pitch Pine • Pinus rigida

Pitch Pine is the most abundant evergreen on
Long Island. Not one person in a hundred knows
its beauty and value for landscape planting. The
reason for this is that over 90 per cent of the Pitch
Pine forests have been repeatedly burned over, de-
stroying the lower branches of the trees and, what
is worse, destroying the best qualities of the soil.

By the way, these forest fires in the Pine and
scrub Oak forests are largely responsible for the
poor reputation of a large part
of Long Island. These forest fires
can be largely prevented by apply-
ing the State Fire Warden Law, as
it is in the Adirondacks.

The Pitch Pine has a dense, round head of sunny
green color. It looks alive all winter. It is a pleasure
to rest the eye on a grove of young trees with their
embossed and rounded sky-line. They need no care,
and thrive best on the poorest soil. For the first few
years they make more bulk than any other evergreen,
except the Scotch Pine. For the seaside they are the
best long-lived Pine yet tested for Long Island.

Professor C. S. Sargent, Director of Arnold
Arboretum, Harvard, says of it "This tree is valu-
able because it can be raised more quickly and
cheaply in the northern states than any other coni-
fer from seeds scattered broadcast on the ground or
sowed in shallow drills; and no other conifer grows
here so rapidly on dry, sterile gravels, which it soon
covers with dense forests. It is often valuable, too,
where the soil is poor, as an ornamental tree, and
in old age it frequently becomes extremely pictur-
esque with its dark red-brown roughened and
deeply fissured bark, contorted branches and sparse
dark yellow-green rigid leaves which stand out
stiffly from the branchlets."

Between Babylon and Bay Shore there are old
trees of it with the White Pine. The sea influence
has prevented the White Pine reaching it's best
development, but the Pitch Pines are venerable old
trees, well worthy of their position in a lawn.

The Pitch Pine should form the backbone of
groups. It is especially adapted to what the
geologists call the Rockaway gravel, a formation
occuring only from Lynbrook to Far Rockaway.
It can be kept low and bushy by
an occasional trimming and look-
ing much better than the balloon-
shaped shrubs as usually pruned
in that region.

The reason our Pines make a goo<J vigorous growth the first year, not short bunchy tips, is because we have them root-
pruned to produce numerous fibrous roots, and no expense or skill is spared to save them in digging. The roots are wrapped
against the ball and burlapped. In the center an 8-foot Hemlock crated for shipment.

40

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.—EI?ergreens

Planting of small Pines on estate of Mr. E. D. Morgan. The heavier growth on the left illustrates the fact that the section
of the genus containing the Scotch, Pitch and Austrian Pines grow faster when young than the White Pines on the right

Pitch Pine, continued

Sand bluffs along the shore of Long Island Sound
are rapidly wasting away, narrowing the lawns and
sometimes endangering residences. Sea-walls
hold the bottom. Pitch Pine will help hold the
sliding bank at a steeper angle than sod. The
sod requires that the bank be graded back less
steep, needs good soil, roots only a few inches
deep and may slip or dry out. Pitch Pine, Cedar and
other evergreens root deeply, thrive on sterile sand
and salt spray and work all the year. Damage is
most severe in winter. The wind blows the sand
loose ; even when frozen, and, thawing, lets the sur-
face slide. The drifting snow carries sand with it.

Pitch Pine, continued

Beating rains gully out the bluff and carry the
sand down. Pitch Pine will check all this. It
keeps the wind off, holds the snow, prevents th e
frequent thawing, and lessens the gullying by
the rain. Its deep roots anchor it and check
sliding, and it holds the accumulating leaf-mold
from the trees and shrubs which should accom-
pany it. Road banks, steep terrace slopes, old
sand pits, all provide economical uses for Pitch
Pine. For holding sand dunes it may be worth
thousands of dollars to many landowners. On
Cape Cod the government uses it to prevent the
drifting of sand. Plant 5 to 10 feet apart.

Residence of Mr. J. S. Phipps, Westbury, L. I. White Pines planted by us on Hicks Tree-Mover, June, 1907, photo-
graphed August, '07. We have large Pines ready for immediate delivery any week in the year, and have invented methods
to make them succeed.

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, !7V- Y.— Evergreens

41

Pine, continued

Scotch. P. sylvestris. For a quick, sym-
metrical, cheerful blue-green tree, plant the
Scotch Pine. Mix in permanent trees, as
White Pines, White Spruce, Englemann's
Spruce and Cedar. In a mixed grove of
various Pines fifteen years old, the Scotch
Pine is largest and broadest. The tree is
of good shape with full, round top. It is so
dense when young that it has good value as
a screen. We have grown large quantities
from seed collected on Long Island. The
trees are bushy, vigorous, and have good
roots. They will give as much screen for the
money as any evergreen we offer. Ever-
green groves should be thinned out, and, as
these are short-lived, they will remind the
owner of the necessary thinning in twenty
years or more. For planting on the sea-
shore it should be largely used, either alone
or mixed with the White Spruce, Pitch and
Austrian Pine and Red Cedar.

Austrian. P. Larico, var. Austriaca. If the
Austrian Pine would live in good condition
seventy-five years, there would be no fault
to find with it. The foliage is a good pure
green, the form is round, full and solid.
The needles are stiffer than any other Pine,
and seem able to resist salt spray, dry
winds and drought. In the central parts of
Long Island it is a handsome tree for twenty
or thirty years. Near the sea-coast it lives
longer. The best Pines that have been
planted along the south shore of Long
Island from Far Rockaway to South-
ampton are the Austrian. On the main-
land our statement of its being short-lived
is frequently refuted by examples of old trees.

Pinus densiflora. Professor Sargent, Direc-
tor of Arnold Arboretum, says: "Although
an exceedingly picturesque and beautiful
tree, it is rarely used by the Japanese as an
ornamental plant, although it is a common
inhabitant of their artificial forests. This
tree is hardy in New England where it is
already beginning to assume its mature,
picturesque habit. So far as can be judged
by an experience of twenty-five years, this
appears to be the most promising of the
two-leaved Pines introduced into the
eastern states from foreign countries."
In the arboretum of the late Charles A.
Dana there is a broad, low, flat-topped tree
from which we have obtained our stock.
The color is a clear, dark living green
even in mid-winter. We recommend them
highly for mixing in mass plantings and
covering sandy areas.

Red, or Norway. P. resinosa. A handsome,
dark, symmetrical and dense tree, which
shows no ground for criticism. In foliage
and form it resembles the Austrian Pine,
but the needles are not so stiff, and are
darker green. The foliage remains on two or
three years. It is named from Norway, Maine,
and is native from there to Minnesota in dry soil.
It will make a beautiful tree on the Pine barrens
of Long Island, for it grows with the Pitch Pine
on dry, and sterile gravel. We hope to grow it
largely, and advise planters to mix in a few to get
acquainted with its merits.

Mugho, or Mountain. P. montana, var. Mughus.
The dwarf of a family of giants. Use it with the
flat-growing Junipers to cover hillsides where

The planting of some of our cheap Scotch Pines to cover a terrace
bank. Planted in May, photographed in August

The Scotch Pines, \ )4 feet high, which we offer will do this
in five years. Windbreak to a garden on the bleakest part of
Hempstead Plains, at residence of the late Sidney Dillon Ripley

Scotch Pine Grove on Pratt Estate, Glen Cove, planted on sandy
ground, has furnished the most economical landscape treatment

Pine, Mugho, continued

tall Pines would shut out the view. To get a
quick temporary cover, put in the Scotch, Pitch
or Densiflora Pines, cut them back, and cut them
out altogether before they crowd the Mugho
Pine. In the Alps they cover large areas with a
thicket as high as a man's head. On the brink of
a precipice they cling to dry rock, and bend
beneath the avalanches. Use it similarly on the
top of a wall.

42

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

Grooe of Austrian Pine near the breakwater at Pratt Estate, Glen Cove, showing their ability to stand salt spray

Pine, Mugho, continued

Plant at the foundations of buildings, at the
angles of roads and paths and to feather down
a group of tall evergreens.

Scrub. P. contorta. A vigorous, rapid -growing
species, having the appearance of the Pitch and
Jack Pines. It makes numerous side branches
at intervals along each season's growth and,
therefore, it forms a dense top. Native from
Alaska southward.

Jack. P. divaricata; syn., Banksiana. The Jack
Pine. Grows on the thinnest and driest soils;
across the bay from Mount Desert we have seen
it growing in an inch of rock fragments on top
of granite. In the nursery it is one of the most
rapid-growing Pines, with an irregular, pictur-
esque top.

Bull, or Western Yellow. P. ponder osa. The
most important timber Pine of the Rocky moun-
tains. It resembles the Austrian Pine, but has
longer, whitish green needles.

Pinus parviflora. A Pine from eastern Asia that
is worthy a place in collections of choice trees.
It is a neat tree of moderate growth and beauti-
ful blue-green color. It is a good companion to
the Swiss Stone Pine, being more irregular
and picturesque in growth.

Swiss Stone. P. cembra. A tree for small groups
where a large tree would be out of place. It is a
compact, symmetrical tree of blue-green color.

Rocky Mountain White, or Limber. P. flexilis.
A rare species from the Rocky mountains. Hardy
and of slow growth.

Bhutan. P. excelsa; syn., P. Nephalensis. The
Himalayan representative of the White Pine.
It is a very handsome young tree with luxuriant
long foliage, making a dense, broad pyramid.
The leaves are longer than the White Pine and
hang down. Unfortunately, this Pine was partly
winter-killed in the winter of 1903-04 under the
Ked Fine :(f. resinosa) on i the estate of Mr. Chas. R. same conditions that killed California Privet.

Jsteele, Westbury, L. I. This is one of the most sturdy and It is worth planting with other Pines and especi-

beautiful Pines, and planters are fortunate that we can offer ally on dry soils where the winter-killing need not

a stock of specimens larger than this. be feared.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

43

Pine, continued

Korean. Pinus Koraiensis. This is a beauti-
ful tree of blue-green foliage and compact,
symmetrical growth. It is entirely hardy
and promises to be a long-lived tree. As
a food plant it takes high rank, and there
is a probability of its being the best nut
Pine for this region. In Arizona and ad-
jacent states, the Indians get a large part
of their living from the Pinyon Pines.

Umbrella. Sciadopitys verticillata . A little
tree that ranks with Boxwood and Palms
in dignity, refinement and aristocratic
bearing, having the rich color and texture
of such plants. It forms a narrow pyramid
3 to 10 feet high, of leaves 5 inches long,
arranged like the rays of an umbrella.

Retinospora

Japan Cypress ; Chamaecyparis

For the summer beauty of evergreens,
Retinospora pisifera and its varieties, R. plu-
mosa, R. plumosa aurea, R. squarrosa and R.
filifera are unexcelled. After the severe weather of
mid-winter they take on a dull green color like the
American Arborvitse, but not as decidedly so. _

We have a large stock of these varieties trained
into dense, broad domes and pyramids. They are
worth two or three times as much as the usual
Retinosporas of similar height. Their density and
symmetry give them the appearance of age and
long established planting. The density of their
growth lessens the damage from snow in winter.
They are grown wide apart and we move them with
three to five times as heavy a ball of earth as is
customary, therefore, they are in the best possible
condition to give good results. (See page 44.)

The prices quoted are low for their quality.

A frequent use for them is to plant at the base
of new buildings or terraces. Another use is to make
beds of evergreens on the borders of a lawn or to
edge down groups of taller Pines and Cedars.
Horticulturally, these close plantings are just what

Residence of Mr. J. Rogers Maxwell, Glen Cove, L. I. Mugho
Pines are the low cushion-shaped trees which will finish off the
group of taller Austrian Pines. (See page 4 1 .)

they like best, for they do not like to stand alone on

a wind-swept hill.

Retinospora plumosa. Chamacyparis pisifera,
var. plumosa. This is a fleecy and plumy pyramid
of light green foliage. It should be used as a back-
ground or foil for the other varieties. There is
no evergreen more delicate in its detail of foliage
than this.

At Newport it is extensively used with the

Bed of fancy <

ice of Mr. Walter G. Oakman, Roslyn, L. I. It contains Retinospora, Dwarf Arborvitae,
Nordmann's Fir, Boxwood, Spruce and Mugho Pine

44

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

Nassau County Court House. Wm. B. Tubby, Architect. The landscape plan and stock from the Westbury Nur-
series. Evergreen borders of Retinospora, Spruce, Gedar, Laurel, Boxwood, Yucca and Euonymus radicans. Corner illus-
tration is of our Retinospora squarrosa, 5 feet high, showing broad, dense top and large ball of earth. Compare it with
narrow, imported stock.

Retinospora plumosa, continued

other Retinosporas in evergreen beds in a type
of design that is there highly developed. The bed
is designed against an entrance or side of a lawn
and with long, flowing curves. It may be 15 feet
wide and 30 feet long. This bed is divided into
sections of different color. The evergreens used
mostly are Retinosporas of the following varie-
ties : Plumosa, Plumosa aurea and Squarrosa;
Arborvitse in the following varieties: Golden,
Dwarf, Siberian; and Yew in the followng va-
rieties: Golden, English and Japanese. As these
grow, they are kept trimmed to a solid, even mass,
sloping from the back toward the front. This type
of design is really carpet-bedding, using ever-
greens the same as Coleus, Geraniums and other
tender plants.

R. plumosa aurea (Golden Japan Cypress). C.
pisifera, var. plumosa aurea. This is a bright,
cheerful golden_yellow all the year. This and the
Golden Arborvitae are the two best yellow ever-
greens, and may be used where a strong contrast
is desired.

R. squarrosa (Blue Japan Cypress). C. pisifera,
var. squarrosa. This is the handsomest, small,
blue evergreen for the summer and autumn deco-
ration of small areas. It grows as a dense, fleecy
pyramid. Each branch is graceful as an ostrich

Retinospora squarrosa, continued

plume, and when beset with dew it sparkles like
diamonds.

Our plants are unusually wide and dense from
repeated shearing. We recommend them highly
for the purposes indicated for Plumosa, and for
decorating formal gardens.

R. filifera. C. pisifera, var. filifera. This is another
of the curious varieties developed by the Japa-
nese from the wild species. It is a broad cone of
light green foliage, the tips of the foliage being
long, green threads, gracefully arching outward
and downward.

R. obtusa (Obtuse-leaved Japan Cypress). This
differs from all the preceding, being a distinct
species, and in appearance it stands in a class
by itself. The foliage is a very dark, deep green,
rivaling the Yew and Nordmann's Fir. A peculiar
beauty of this species is the formation of the
lights and shadows. The foliage is in small,
curved, shell-like fronds.

R. obtusa nana. (Dwarf Obtuse-leaved Japan Cy-
press). This pigmy is very dark green, slow-
growing and compact, gaining but a few inches
per year. It is useful for edging groups of slow-
growing evergreens or in a rock-garden. It is a
form which the Japanese grow as dwarfs in pots
for a century.

Raising evergreens from seed in the middle Atlantic states has not been customery, because it is
easy to import or to grow from cuttings; but such are not all reliably hardy or happy in dry soil. We
have grown evergreens from seed of Long Island trees and others of similar climates. It has required
scientific knowledge, foresight and skill. The result is ready. Will you take advantage of it ? Evergreens
mean comfort and beauty. They are coming into fashion. It is right that they should, because the beau-
tiful and hardy evergreens are now available.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Evergreens

45

Windbreak and Screen of Norway Spruce, separating vegetable and small-fruit garden from the lawn, at residence of
Mr. J. R. Maxwell, Glen Cove. We have 160,000 White Spruce that will make such dense, narrow, permanent hedges
better than the Norway Spruce. Now is the economical time to buy them.

Spruces • Picea

Erroneously Abies, including Pseudotsuga

The Spruce family ranks equal with the Pines. It is less planted for lumber, but more used for orna-
mental planting and windbreak. All the Spruces are pointed trees, sprightly and cheerful in appearance.

Norway Spruce • Picea excelsa

The most rapid-growing of the family, but not
the handsomest. It is excellent for hedges, as it
stands clipping well, and if kept widest at the base,
so that the sun reaches the lower branches, it will
keep thick to the ground. A young and vigorous
Norway Spruce is a handsome tree. To keep it so,
nip off the tips of the leading branches. Otherwise,
the trees may become open, ragged and haggard in
appearance when twenty to seventy-five years old.

The dislike for all evergreens expressed by a few
people is based mainly upon Norway Spruces under
this condition. It is about the only evergreen they
have known. The American nurserymen are partly
to blame for this opinion. It has been easier to
import Norway Spruce than to collect seed of better
species. They grow quickly when young and arc
easy to transplant. The buyer of trees is also partly
to blame because he could heretofore generally get a
bigger tree for the money in Norway Spruce than of
better kinds. We recommend the Norway Spruce
for hedges, screens, planting on steep sand banks,
and as a quick-growing filler in groups of orna-
mental evergreens to be moved later.

White Spruce •

The measure of our faith in
stock of 160,000 trees.

Perhaps sixty years ago,
schooners and sent them to
A few White Spruce trees were
in what is now the garden of
Winthrop. They are now 60

Picea alba

White Spruce is our

Joseph Hicks built
Maine for lumber.

brought and planted
Mr. Robert Dudley
feet high, full and

dense from ground to top, in decided contrast to the
gaunt and rusted Norway Spruces of the same age.

At the arboretum of the late Charles A. Dana,
Glen Cove, there are trees of similar age within 50
yards of the sea-wall, fully exposed to the sweep of
winds across Long Island Sound. They are in per-
fect condition, and a beautiful blue-green, unin-
jured by the severest winter. On the Rockaway
peninsula there are a number of specimens that arc
thriving excellently, being the handsomest evergreens
planted and the only old ones dense at the base.
At numerous other points along the ocean front on
Long Island, there are handsome dense specimens.

On the Hempstead Plains, even in the most wind-
swept portions of Garden City, the White Spruce
has proven to be the handsomest evergreen.

Why have we praised both the White Pine and
the White Spruce as the best evergreens? The
White Pine is a broad-shouldered, old giant, stretch-
ing his arms widely against the sky. The White
Spruce, with her narrow, neat skirts, will make the
world just as happy and beautiful and occupy less
space. The White Spruce is a symmetrical tree,
with a conical head. The numerous branchlets keep
it always dense and, therefore, it is sure to remain
an efficient screen and windbreak, because the lower
branches are retained as long as the tree has suffi-
cient space. The bluish green, glaucous foliage makes
•ts appearance always cheerful and bright. A group
of them is never gloomy. We have never heard any
one criticise its appearance or its adaptibility to
this region.

The Norway Spruce has seme decided faults
when old, being open, ragged and sometimes dismal.

46

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N, Y. — Evergreens

White Spruce in the park of Mr. H. McK. Twombly, Madison, N. J. They screen the house from the entrance drive
until a good point of view is reached. They also help stop the noise and smoke from the railroad. No evergreen surpasses
the White Spruce in beauty, utility and health in that 1 ,000 acre park and arboretum.

White Spruce, continued]

The White Spruce is liable to suffer from the bad
reputation of its relative, especially from those
people who are not sufficiently alert to see the good
things and learn the points of difference. One reason
that people, have not become acquainted with the
merits of the White Spruce is because so very few
of them have been planted in years past. Naturally,
the European nurserymen do not grow many of
them because their own species fit their conditions
better and grow more rapidly. American nursery-
men have not grown them because of the difficulty
of starting them from seed. We do not know of any
nurserymen in the eastern part of the United States

White Spruce on the lawn of Mrs. John H. Cheever, next the
ocean, Far Rockaway, L. I. It is on poor gravelly soil. The fiercest
gales and salt spray only serve to make the foliage thicker.

who have grown evergreens in large quantities from
seed. One large Long Island nursery which, years ago,
made a specialty of evergreens, gave up growing
them from seed because of the difficulties in the
first month. Our own first attempt largely failed.

By scientific experiment to determine the proper
temperature of the soil and degree of moisture and
light, we got them past their infantile troubles.
After they are a month old and have begun to form
woody fiber in the stem and make the second whorl
of leaves, they are easy to grow.

Therefore, buy these little plants and plant them
in beds. An economical way is to plow and harrow
the ground smooth. Mark it off into squares of
about 8 inches by a marker made like a big
rake. Plant them with a dibber in the same
A manner as cabbage. Pack the ground firmly
around the roots. Watering is not necessary
if the ground is moist. Cultivate with a wheel
hoe. In November mulch with 5 inches of
leaves. Throw on a half-inch of soil to keep
the leaves from blowing away. In spring, un-
cover, but let the mulch remain between the
plants. Very few weeds will appear, the
mulch being cheaper than cultivation. In
two or three years the plants will be i>2 to
2^2 feet high or more, and can be planted
out in their permanent positions and will
need no cultivation, being strong enough to
overcome the grass, weeds and bushes. This
is easy, cheap and sure. Will you do it?

The amount of capital needed has been the
principal reason for not making large plan-
tations of evergreens. The above is one way
to overcome that objection. Many people
buy land and do little or nothing to develop
it for several years, when trees might be grow-
ingthisway. The land, rain and sunshine cost
them practically nothing. A nurseryman has
to charge for the use of his land. It is lack of
knowledge, decision and foresight that pre-
vents getting the most out of the investment.
It is the wealthiest people who buy the small-
est trees. They have the most foresight.
Another way is to plant the little Pines or
Spruces 3 inches to I foot high in the grass
and briers, and let them alone. They will
come along all right.

No. 1, 2-year White Spruce; No. 3, 3-year plant ; No. 5, 4-year plant; No. 4, our stock of 160,000 2-year
White Spruce. How many do you want ? No. 2, marking off and transplanting White Spruce during the August
drought, 1907, ; No. 6, block of White Spruce, Concolor Fir and Douglas Spruce in our Nursery.

47i

48

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

White Spruce Hedge at the entrance court at the residence of Mr. Charles Steele, Westbury, L. I. Now is the time to

secure plants at low cost

Spruce, continued

Englemann's. Picea Englemanni. Some day this
will be as popular as the Colorado Blue Spruce.
It is also from Colorado, and gives every promise

Spruce, Englemann's, continued

of being longer-lived. The oldest specimens in
cultivation are dense, narrow pyramids, retaining
their lower branches. The color differs from the
Colorado Blue Spruce. It is more blue and less
white or sage-colored. It is a little bluer than the
White Spruce and slower in growth. Plant a few
among other evergreens to add contrast.

Colorado. P. pungens. This is a green form of the
well-known Colorado Blue Spruce. In its native
forests it is the most common. In a batch of seed-
lings there will be this form, which is blue-green,
fading to sage-green in winter, and different

rn, I r
Charles K

nice /rom our Nursery, planted on the bleak Hempstead Plains as a windbreak on the property of Mrs.
. ers. 1 he Hempstead Plains are 7,000 acres, from one to twelve miles from New York City line, a wind-
swept prairie which cost the late A. T. Stewart in 1868 about $45 per acre. How many millions more would they be
they were planted ? Groups of this Spruce and the drought-resisting Oaks and Pines would do more than anything
;lse, except better tram service, to increase its value for all-the-year residence. We can supply this size in any quantity.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, 7\[. Y. — 'Evergreens

49

Spruce, Colorado, continued

shades of blue, varying from the green to
the color of the Roster's Colorado Blue
Spruce. It is a strong, vigorous tree,
making a broad pyramid. It was first
introduced by Dr. Parry, who sent seeds
from Colorado in 1861, and first raised by
Asa Gray in Harvard Botanical Garden.
On the older specimens cultivated in the
East, the lower branches are already be-
ginning to die. It is a good seaside tree
and should be included in most groups of
evergreens for the contrast of its gray-green
foliage.

Colorado Blue. P. pungens, var. glauca.
These are selected from seedlings of the
above and are blue-green, or sage-color.
Being so striking a contrast and a high-
priced novelty it has become widely known
and much sought after, and promises to
remain in fashion for many years to come.
In the harmonious grouping of evergreens,
it is rather difficult to place as it attracts
too much attention to itself. It appears to
say, "Look at me; I cost more than all the
rest." It cheerfully lights up a dark corner
and harmonizes with a background of
Englemann's Spruce and White Spruce,
graded back to the darker Pines and Firs.
The scintillations of its silvery sheen are
like a lace of hoar-frost sparkling in the sun.
We have hundreds of these trees and be-
lieve that we are offering one of the cheap-
est opportunities to get trees of good, dis-
tinct blue color.

Roster's Colorado Blue. P. pungens, var.
glauca Kosterii. This bears the name of an
enterprising nurseryman who selected an
extra-blue tree from which to graft. The
color of a block of trees is more uniform
than the above. Our stock has been grown here
for some time, has large balls of roots, and has
become well acclimated.

Oriental. P. orientals. This is the best tall, dark,
narrow column. On the Cowl place at Great

Oriental Spruce on the grounds of Mr. Clarkson Cowl, Great
Neck, L. I., showing its superiority to the Norway Spruce on the
right, which is ragged and open. White Spruce is equally superior
with the added advantage of a cheerful blue-green color.

Spruce, Oriental, continued

Neck, there is an avenue of magnificent speci-
mens 45 feet high and 20 feet broad. This species
always presents a dense mass of foliage be-
cause it retains its foliage for eight or nine years,

Douglas Spruce and White Birch at Maxwelton, Glen Cove. Pine, Oak, Spruce and Birch compose well in the land-
scape, and they like each other's company

50

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.—lLbergreens

Spruce, Oriental, continued

therefore it never gets open or ragged or gloomy.
Of course, a lawn planted with this in excess
would be too somber and ponderous. The art of
landscape design with plants consists largely in
arranging the lights and shadows, and the
various shades of green. The Oriental Spruce
offers the best color of its form. Another ever-
green of that form is the Balsam Fir, common in
the northern forest, but, unfortunately, it does
not retain its lower branches when over 10 feet
high in this vicinity. Another dark evergreen is
the Nordmann's Fir, which is a much broader
pyramid with larger foliage, giving a different
texture. The Japanese Yew is equally as dark.
A prominent landscape architect says that he
would use Oriental Spruce much more often if it
was not so difficult to transplant. Like the
Hickory tree it first builds a sure foundation of
long and deep roots. We grow our plants wide
apart and frequently dig a trench around them
to root-prune them and make a dense mass of
fibrous roots. They are comparatively rare in
nurseries because of the difficulty of transplanting
them and because they are slow to get to salable
size. However, they are not slow-growing when in
their permanent location. We advise their use
in various soils and situations, where a collection
of the best evergreens is wanted.

Douglas. Pseudotsuga Douglasii; syn., Pseudo-
tsuga mucronata. We recommend this tree highly
because of its rapid growth and because it keeps
in good condition. The highest authority on trees
says of it: "It is one of the most beautiful and
valuable of American conifers, promising to sur-
pass in permanence and mature beauty the other
conifers of western America." It was introduced
by Dr. Parry with the Colorado and Englemann's
Spruce in 1861. Like the other Colorado ever-
greens it has a beautiful green or glaucous sheen

Japanese Yew. In the background are sheared Cedars
planted by us in the formal garden designed by Daniel Lang-
ton, Landscape Architect for the late Mr. Robert L. Stevens.

Spruce, Douglas, continued

to the foliage. Its habit, however, is entirely
different from the Colorado Blue Spruce or
Englemann's Spruce, lacking their sturdy, stiff
appearance. The long, graceful shoots arch out-
ward. The foliage is always dense and the long
lower branches sweep the ground.

The Latin name indicates its botanical relation
to the Hemlock. Its softer texture and more
graceful outline suggest its being grouped with
the Hemlock, and where the graceful effect of the
Hemlock is desired in places too windy for the
latter. It grows as rapidly as the Norway Spruce
and we recommend that it be substituted.

We make a careful study of the climate and
soil of the region from which we get our seed.
The value of this to our customers is well illus-
trated by this species. We ordered seed which
was said to have been collected at 8,000 feet ele-
vation in Colorado. After growing several
thousand trees a few years they had to be thrown
out. On our occasional severe winters they win-
ter-kill, as do some trees imported from France.

We now have an extensive stock of the hardiest
form, being assured by the United States Forest
Service that the seed was collected at the proper
altitude. A large proportion of these trees have
the beautiful blue-green color.

Alcock's. P, bicolor; syn., Alcockiana. This is
bluer than the Colorado Blue Spruce in the winter
time, especially when viewed by the horizontal
rays of the sun illuminating the lower side of the
foliage, for the blue is all on the under side of the
leaves and is not washed off by winter storms.
It is a taller and narrower tree than the Colorado
Blue Spruce and grows more rapidly.
Tiger Tail. P. polita. Like many other of our
hardiest evergreens this comes from the northern
mountains of Japan. It is a rough, broad, irregu-
lar tree, with stubby, sharp-pointed, yellow-green
leaves. It appears to be entirely hardy and prom-
ising for windy places.

Yew • Taxus

Japanese. Taxus cuspidata. The Yew and Holly,
and the Oak have enduring places in the literature
of English-speaking people, and there will always
be a demand for them. Unfortunately, the
English Yew is not reliably hardy in northeastern
United States, although many old plants of it are
struggling along in sheltered places. Thousands
of dollars are wasted in importing English Yew
and other evergreens which disappear in a few
years.

The Japanese Yew, or, at least, certain forms of
it from the colder part of Japan, is hardy and
would be extensively used if this fact were known.
The oldest plant we know of is about 10 feet high
and 21 feet wide. It is very dark green in color
and has not been damaged by the severest win-
ters. It is as yet too rare in nurseries to recom-
mend for hedges, but we see no reason why the
Yew hedges of England should not be reproduced
in this country.

Japanese. T. cuspidata, var. capitata. This name
does not appear in any catalogue now published
and we have the only commercial stock of it. It
is upright in habit like a Fir tree. A plant about
twenty-five years old is 13 feet high and 9 feet
broad. It keeps a central leader and in Japan
grows 40 feet high with a trunk 2 feet in diameter.

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Evergreens

Yew, continued

Dwarf Japanese. T. cuspidata. var. brevi-
folia. This is black-green in color, with
short, stubby branches indicating great
hardiness. We recommend it highly where
a low evergreen of irregular, picturesque
habit is needed. It will grow perhaps 3 feet
high and 15 feet broad in twenty years,
resembling in size the Common Juniper,
but the branches spread horizontally from
a stiff central trunk, whereas the Juniper
has numerous trailing branches.

Canadian. T . Canadensis. This carpets the
damp forests. Some of the old botanies
record it as native of Manhattan Island.
In cultivation, it forms a beautiful cushion
about 2 feet high and 15 feet wide, there
being several old plants on Long Island
that are hardy and handsome.

Spreading. T.repandens. This is a beautiful
and graceful plant growing 4 feet high and
twice as broad. The branchlets arch grace-
fully and make a dense, dark green plant.
It is very rare and hardy, and, as the name
does not appear in the horticultural books,
we cannot say where it is native, but it
appears to be quite hardy here. It will
stand dense shade, but that does not
mean the shade of a Silver Maple tree
which would exhaust the moisture in the
summer.

English. T. baccata. This will grow in
sheltered positions, and we recommend the
purchase of these plants for a dark green
cover under Locust trees or shady places
in such valleys as Cold Spring and Roslyn,

Englemann's Spruce at residence of Mr. James A. Blair, Oyster
Bay, L. I.

Canadian Yew ( Taxus Canadensis ) as a carpet bordering a path.
Now that we offer hardy varieties of the Yew family, some of them
being varieties not elsewhere listed, we trust they
will be used in landscape planting.

Yew, English, continued

or for planting about houses on the east
end of Long Island where the ocean cli-
mate is favorable.

Golden English. T. baccata, var. elegan-
tissima. We have a stock of plants twenty
years old that have been grown on Long
Island and demonstrate the frequent ex-
pression that the Golden variety is hardier
than the species. They can be used in a
garden or planted in tubs.

There are thousands of families in apart-
ments, flats and tenements that should be
bringing up their children, all the year, in the
country. Tunnels and electric traction and
automobiles and the comparative cost will
soon compel or permit living in the country.
It is objected that the country in winter is
bleak, windswept, lacks beauty and privacy.
Evergreens will cure this.

There are other objections to all -the -
year country residence, — social, educational,
amusement, water supply, domestic service,
certainty and promptness of transportation,
that evergreens cannot cure, but these objec-
tions are yearly lessening.

We have the largest size, largest quantity,
cheapest, most hardy and cheerful evergreens
offered in the northeastern United States,

52 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

Entrance drive to the residence of Mr. T. J. Regan, Wheatley Hills. This shows large plantations of various shrubs
bordering the drives and boundaries of the property. Such plantations can be economically made by using small shrubs as
offered in our price-list, planted 2 to 5 feet apart, jlf heavily manured the first year, they will grow rapidly and give a good
effect the second year. Thereafter, such groups prove cheaper than the lawn, for they require less labor. For such plantings
we recommend Barberry, Deutzia, Red-twigged Dogwood, Elaeagnus, Forsythia, White Fringe, Hercules' Club, Upright
Honeysuckle, Magnolia, Japanese Maple, Privet, Rhodotypos, Spirea, Sumach, Syringa, Weigela, etc.

Shrubs

We do not head this department Flowering Shrubs because planters are coming to realize that flowers
are not the main object. This was well expressed by Samuel Parsons, Landscape Architect, New York
Park Department: "The flowers are only an incident." The principal thing is the form, texture, and
density of the foliage masses and their way of carrying lights and shadows. It is from such elements that
a landscape composition is made. If, in addition, some shrubs give a beauty of flower or fruit, that must be
harmoniously arranged, but should not be the controlling reason for its use.

Many of the best shrubs for landscape planting have flowers that are of but little prominence. On the
other hand, several of the most showy flowers are on plants which are ugly abominations for the rest of
the season. The worst mistakes in landscape design are made by giving too great prominence to freaks of
variegated or purple foliage, or utilizing plants mainly for their flowering value.

The attempt is made in these descriptions to state various landscape problems- as they appear on Long
Island, and to suggest' shrubs that may be used in their solution. An index of these problems will be found
at the back of the catalogue.

The use of shrubs and other plants for covering the ground instead of grass is but little understood
in this region. We have grown many varieties of shrubs, vines and evergreens from seed or cuttings in large-
quantities, so they can be sold at low rates for this purpose.

A prominent landscape architect says: "The foliage of shrubs that are well established remains green
when dry weather turns grass brown. The broad mass of shrubbery will take care of itself when the grass
needs frequent attention. It might with advantage replace grass upon all surfaces too steep to walk upon
with comfort," and, it might be added, too expensive, or impossible, to keep in good lawn.

Large shrubs are not as decided an advantage as large trees. The reason is that most shrubs will attain
a mature effect in two to four years. However, we have a number of large shrubs suitable for immediate
effect that are especially desirable about new residences or to use with large trees to immediately complete
the landscape. For houses completed after the planting season we can successfully plant large shrubs and
evergreens in late May and June or July.

We aim to keep a good assortment of shrubs, but we have not made our nursery mainly of shrubs, for
that is an error nurserymen are prone to make, shrubs giving the quickest return on the investment and most
of them being easily propagated from cuttings, while most of the valuable deciduous and evergreen trees
are propagated from seed, which is more difficult to get and takes longer to grow.

Plantations of shrubs should be made much closer than their permanent growth permits. The thinning
should commence in two to four years. It is usually left too late or entirely neglected.

Shrubs are the best under-planting for deciduous and evergreen groves. Trees will generally grow
much faster where shrubs shade the ground and hold the leaves about their roots, than when they are grow-
ing in the open lawn. Young evergreens, especially Hemlock, make a good start when planted arrtong the
shrubs. With evergreens, however, it is very essential that the shrubs be thinned or cut back every year
to allow 2 feet of space for the sun to reach the lower limbs of the evergreens.

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Shrubs

53

An economical way to make large shrub plantations is to buy small plants one to two years old at
$8 to $20 per hundred. Plant them 2 to 4 feet apart and cut them off about 6 inches high. Mulch the ground
heavily with manure. The first season will show a luxuriant, dense growth of gracefully arching branches,
whereas, the planting of large shrubs, 5 feet high, is liable to be thin the first year, especially if they are
not well manured. Large plantations of shrubs can be made and cut down in the autumn, and will do much
to relieve the pressure on the short spring planting season.

Althea • Rose of Sharon

(Hibiscus Syriacus)

The Altheas and Hydrangeas are the most showy
flowers for August and September. We occasionally
hear stated: " I do not like Altheas; they have such
an ugly purple or magenta color." There are, how-
ever, a number of varieties with bright red and pink
colors and others that are pure white. The Altheas
are all tall-growing shrubs, attaining a height of 10
feet or more. They are usually narrow at the base,
forming a V-shaped plant when old. This tendency
can be readily corrected by pruning when young.
It is best to plant them at the back of groups of
shrubs. Altheas makes beautiful flowering hedges
and the annual pruning, when dormant, does not
affect their blooming, because, unlike most shrubs,
they bloom on branches of the current year's
growth.

Aralia

Aralia pentaphylla. An upright, arching shrub,
about 4 feet high, of the habit of Spircea Van
Houttei, with glossy and waxy foliage. It is not
conspicuous in flower or fruit, but the color and
texture recommend its use.

A. spinosa (Hercules' Club; Angelica Tree). The
second year on a new place will often show this
to be the most vigorous of all shrubs. It is as
vigorous as an Ailarvthus, but nobody hates it
as they do the latter. It sends up one or more
thorny branches with finely divided leaves 2 feet
long and broad. In mid-summer the top is
crowned by an equally large cluster of minute
white flowers followed by black berries. The
stems are thickly covered with spines.

Azalea * Rhododendron

The Azaleas are the deciduous or leaf-dropping
members of the Rhododendron genus. The delicate
beauty of the Azaleas is as little known as their
showiness in mass or the ease with which they are
grown. The colors are pink, cherry, carmine, crim-
son, white, yellow and salmon. Some of these shades
clash with some varieties of Rhododendrons, but,
as most Azaleas are through before the Rhododen-
drons begin, there is little trouble on this point.

Culture requirements are the same as for Rhodo-
dendrons,— just leaf-mulch; that's all. Azaleas have
the advantage over Rhododendrons that there is no
foliage to carry through the winter.

The uses and locations for Azaleas are numerous.
For decorating woodland they are excellent, har-
monizing with their surroundings. Most of the
varieties are native to such places and there can
be no more beautiful treasure to discover in a wood-
land glade than the Azalea and Lady*Slipper Or-
chid. To establish them in the woods, select a
place where there is a little sunshine so that they
will bloom more freely. Dig a large hole to check
the competition of the existing trees. The Azalea
viscosa is native to swamps where little hummocks
appear above the water. Therefore, with the Clethra,
Button Bush, Red-twigged Dogwood, Black Alder,
and Marsh Mallow, it makes a solution to the

Azalea, continued

problem of what to plant along the edges of streams

and ponds.

Azalea amoena. See Broad-leaved Evergreens,
page 68.

A. arborescens. This is native in the Alleghany
mountains. The flowers are white or tinged with
pink and very fragrant. It is a compact and vig-
orous shrub with shiny foliage. We recommend
it highly for mass planting in shrubberies.

Chinese. A. mollis. The Azalea mollis has the
largest flower of any of the Azaleas, individual
florets being funnel-shaped and as large as the
Rhododendron. They are in clusters 4 to 6 inches
in diameter. They bloom before* the foliage ap-
pears in May. Colors range through the yellow
series, from pale lemon to salmon and deep
orange. We have large, old plants that are well
established, with large balls of earth. They should
be used at the borders of shrubbery, and they can
be used in the woodland, but the flower is so large
that they appear less harmonious than the
native American varieties.

A. lutea; syn., A. calendulacea. This is named
the Flame Azalea because in the Alleghany
mountains, when in bloom, it looks as if the under-
brush were afire. The colors are orange, orange-
scarlet and yellow. It blooms in May after the
Chinese and is a taller-growing plant. We have a
group in the orchard 6 feet high and it seems
perfectly at home there. An old orchard often
forms part of the lawn, and in the semi-shade this
and other Azaleas are very appropriate.

Azalea mollis on a lawn. 1 his gives the greatest show in
early May, but some of its colors ere crude and it is sur-

Eassed in beauty by the earlier Azalea Vaseyi and the other
tier kinds.

54

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

Azalea, continued

Ghent. Azalea pontica. In England the choicest
garden treasures are called "American plants,"
meaning the Azaleas, Rhododendrons and Moun-
tain Laurel. The Ghent Azaleas include a long
list of named varieties originating mostly at
Ghent, Belgium, by hybridizing the Azalea pon-
tica of Asia Minor with the American species, as
A. lulea, A. nudiflora and A. viscosa. They in-
clude all the colors mentioned for the genus
Azalea, frequently several colors harmoniously
blended in one flower. Many varieties have
double flowers. We have a quantity of old plants
that have been growing on Long Island several
years and are well established, which we dig with
large balls of earth. A bed of Azaleas should hold
equal rank with the rose-beds in a flower-garden.
Our collection presents an unequaled opportunity.

Pinxter Flower (Wild Honeysuckle; Swamp
Apple). A. nudiflora. This grows on Long Island
with or near the Mountain Laurel. It is found on
the crest of Harbor Hill where soil is rather dry
and gravelly, and also on the slopes of the hills
where there are springs at the base, as at Plandome,
Oyster Bay, Cold Spring, Herricks, and many
other places. It does not flaunt its beauty fre-
quently along the road-sides on Long Island as
upon the mainland where solid rock holds up the
moisture. It is a graceful shrub, occasionally
5 feet high, with delicate pink blossoms.

White. A. viscosa. In passing swampy places,
the pleasant perfume of this is often evident in
July. It is the latest of the Azaleas to bloom.
It is pure white, sometimes tinged with pink.
The outside of the flowers have viscid hairs

Azalea, White, continued

which catch insects. We offer old plants grown
in the nursery for a dozen years.

Southern. A. Vaseyi. This was recently discov-
ered in the southern Alleghanies and was named
after Dr. Vasey, United States Botanist. In our
opinion it is the loveliest one of all. The color
is the most delicately shaded shell-pink. A few
are nearly white. It is the first to bloom and,
therefore, has no competitors. Our plants are
probably the oldest that are offered, being well
set with bloom-buds. Those having greenhouses
should experiment with forcing it, for it is one
of several beautiful flowers capable of relieving
the monotonous product of commercial green-
houses. It grows well in the open, but would
thrive in a moist semi-shaded position.

Barberry • Berberis

Japanese. Berberis Thunbergii. The Japanese
Barberry is the most popular shrub and hedge
plant from Newport north. It is becoming very
popular here. It is not likely to be overdone, as
the California Privet, because it is not quite so
quickly propagated. It is hardy where the Cali-
fornia Privet is not. It never gets thin at the
bottom, in fact, it is the thickest and densest
shrub at the base of any we know. It makes a
low hedge and requires little or no trimming to
keep it in presentable condition. That is a big
cash saving as compared with California Privet.
If left alone it will grow 4 feet high and 6 feet
broad in a few years. It is not likely to grow tall
enough to make a screen 8 feet high, as is often
required of the Ibota or California Privet. On

The Japanese, or Thunberg's Barberry, has a dozen or more landscape uses. Here it holds a steep bank better and
cheaper than grass. Its lights and shadows correspond with the Dogwood beyond. It exceeds the Dogwood in the persis-
tence of its red berries, which remain till May, while the robins strip the Dogwood in November. Entrance drive of Mr.
R. D. Winthrop, Westbury. L. I.

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

Barberry, Japanese, continued

the other hand, it is much more defensive
than they. For its height, this is the best
thorny hedge. For a taller thorny hedge,
the Cockspur Thorn is best. In hedge
planting, the Barberry can be put wider
apart than the Privet and therefore reduce
the cost. The lower branches extend
horizontally close to the ground wider than
any other shrub. Therefore it can be plant-
ed 2 or 2K feet apart, while Privet is fre-
quently planted in a double row 6 inches
apart.

In the autumn the Barberry foliage will
turn so red as to look like a bed of Salvia.
For winter decoration the Barberry holds
the color of its coral berries until covered
by the new foliage and flowers early in
May. In the desolate days of March, the
Barberry will be the most cheerful note
in the murky and bedraggled shrubbery.
The practical uses of the Barberry in
planting country estates are numerous.
The edge of shrubbery should go solidly
to the ground to give a neat finish and to
screen the unkempt stems and bare ground
of the taller shrubs. For this purpose, the
Thunberg's Barberry stands preeminent. Of
course, its exclusive use would lead to monotony
in such situations. We recommend also for this
purpose, Deutzia gracilis, Forsythia suspensa, Up-

Group of Catalpa Bungei of bush form, with Silver Linden
in distance. This is in a small park we designed and planted on a
bit of vacant public land at Hempstead for Mr. August Belmont.

Bayberry, continued

average shrub planting, for it must be confessed
most shrubs in nursery catalogues are native either

right Honeysuckle, Indian Currant, Prostrate of swampy ground or under woods where they are

Privet, Rhodotypos Kerrioides, Thunberg's Spirea,
Spircea Van Houttei, Stephanandraflexuosa, Yellow
Root and many others. Another use for Japanese
Barberry is covering steep banks, at the side of a
road, or clothing a hill. It will make a dense,
even-topped thicket, needing absolutely no care
when established, for even weeds will be shaded
out and discouraged from pushing through the
foliage. For game cover it has the necessary
qualities of furnishing abundant berries and
protection from enemies. At Harbor Hill, the
estate of Mr. Clarence H. Mackey, Roslyn,
a hedge of Barberry forms an elegant border to
the stately entrance drive. Plant it against the
foundation of a house where it is difficult to select
shrubs which will thrive and maintain a dense,
rounded form without getting too large. The origi-
nal plant introduced into this country is at Bussey
Institute, Harvard, and has the rounded surfaces
and even, close growth of the old dwarf Boxwood.
It is about 8 feet high and 12 feet broad. No in-
sect or fungous enemies injure this species.

European. B.vulgaris. This is a common Barberry
which has run wild through New England pas-
tures and along the stone walls. It forms a tall,
gracefully arching shrub, shaped like Spircea
Van Houttei. In autumn it is laden with long,
grape-like clusters of red berries which are used
for making jam.

Purple. B. vulgaris, var. purpurea. Since Prunus
Pissardi has been abandoned because it is so
seriously attacked by San Jose scale, this is the
best purple shrub. The young shoots are bright
red. It has yellow flowers and red berries.

Bayberry • W^ax Myrtle

(Myrica ce.rife.ra)

This is the most abundant shrub on Long Island
in sandy ground exposed to the sun. For drought
resistance it is unsurpassed. You have probably
noticed in a drought the wilted appearance of the

protected from the fierce drying of full sunshine.
Drought-resisting shrubs are the Elaeagnus, Hazel-
nut, Hypericum, Indigo Bush, Scrub Oak, Dwarf
Chestnut Oak, Cockspur Thorn, and the Sumac
family. Bayberry is a rounded, compact, dark green
bush, 3 to 6 feet high, with white berries from which
wax candles are made. Recommended for Seaside,
bluffs and dry knolls and road banks.

Button Bush

The shrub that will endure the deepest water.
In the small ponds, the kettle "holes" left by the
glacier on the hills of Long Island, this shrub grows.
In spring it is covered a foot deep for several weeks,
and yet it thrives equally well on upland and makes
a handsome, round bush, perhaps 6 feet wide, with
leaves as dark and glossy as a Rhododendron. The
name originates from the pendant white balls which
appear in July.

Catalpa

Catalpa Bungei, Bush Form. Catalpa bignon-
ioides, var. nana. A shrub that has not been
known to flower; however, it has good foliage
value, especially at the seaside. It makes a large,
round bush, 6 to 10 feet high, with larger foliage
than any other shrub, the leaves being about
7 inches wide. It is benefited by occasional
cutting back. We have a stock of uniformly
trained domes suitable for formal planting or for
immediate effect on seaside lawns.

Chokeberry

(Aronia nigra; syn., Pyrus arbutifolia)

This shrub is largely used by some landscape
planters for its red and black berries. It grows wild
on the sand dunes and other sterile places. From its
irregular and open growth, it is best used in large
masses at the background.

56

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Shrubs

Deutzia, continued

D. Lemoinei. A hybrid of the latter, with
more vigorous growth and larger flowers,
well worthy of the name of the famous
horticulturist for whom it was named. It
is a welcome addition to the short list of
shrubs suitable for edging down taller
shrubs and trees.

Dogwood • Cornus

The name, Dogwood, first brings to mind
the White Dogwood (Cornus florida), with
its large, butterfly-like blossoms in May,
which is described on page 15, under Trees.
The species here described are shrubs of
decided value in decorative planting, those
with red bark filling a place occupied by no
other.

Red-twigged. Cornus alba, var. Sibirica.
This has deep, crimson bark and it should
be used in large groups for its winter effect,
as it shows off best when there are a number
of plants together. Abundant clusters of
small white blossoms are borne in early
summer, followed by white fruit.
Cornus sanguinea. This resembles the
last and has darker red bark.

Panicled. C. paniculata. In damp or rocky
ground this makes a thicket of slender
brown twigs that are so numerous and dense
as to give a pleasing color tone even in
the winter. The clusters of small white
flowers with slender pointed leaves, and
the ornamental white fruit, are all of good
landscape value.

Deutzia Lemoinei, showing the value of it and its parent, 'Deutzia
gracilis, as a low shrub to edge down groups of taller shrubs.

Common. Sambucus Canadensis. A familiar
roadside shrub, always healthy and vigorous, with
immense panicles of white blossoms and purple
fruit. It will make a dense thicket the first year.

Golden. 5. nigra, var. aurea. For those who like
golden foliage, this is attractive in early summer.

Marsh. Baccharis halimifolia. We are often asked
what shrub will grow near salt water. There are
many of them, but this will grow the nearest, for
its favorite habitat is where its roots are covered
at high tide. The plants, having fertile flowers,
are very ornamental in the autumn with a white
down, which is different from any other shrub
and is conspicuous when no other shrubs, except
Witch Hazel, are in bloom. (See page 33.)

Corchorus • Kerria Japonica

In old-fashioned gardens this was a favorite, and
rightfully so. For a long period in the summer it is
decorated with brilliant golden balls about \%
inches in diameter. It is not a large or massive
shrub but forms a graceful little plant about 3 feet
high, with bright green stems.

Deutzia

For making up a bulk of tall shrubs, the Deutzias
rank with the Viburnum, Cornus, Mock Orange,
Weigela and Lilac. The two following varieties
are quick to grow, handsome in foliage and
showy when in flower and should be used for form-
ing tall screens, their ultimate height being about
10 feet.

Deutzia crenata. The flowers of this are pure
white pendant bells in upright racemes. When in
bloom it is a tall and gracefully arching shrub,
but as the lower branches may be bare, it is best
to plant the lower-growing varieties in front. June.

Pride of Rochester. In this the flowers are striped
with red on the outside of each petal, giving a
distinct color effect in its season of bloom in June.

Dwarf. D. gracilis. This is largely forced for
Easter blooming. Its flower effect is just as pretty
in the shrubbery or flower garden. It forms a
mound perhaps 3 feet high, of delicate pure white
flowers as graceful as Lily-of-the- Valley. May.

Elaeagnus

Elaeagnus umbellata. Silver Thorn. It used to
be taught that only plants of the pea family
(Leguminosa?) had the power of gathering nitro-
gen from the air. The behavior of Elaagnus um-
bellata in this nursery appears to indicate the
truth of the statement that this plant can also
do so through partnership with a fungus on the
roots. It grows very vigorously, even in poor,
sandy ground, and other shrubs near it are as
dark green and vigorous as if they were adjacent
to a supply of fertility, while those at a distance
are yellowish and of short growth, indicating
lack of nitrogen.

It is a tall, arching shrub, 10 feet high and
broad, with pungently fragrant flowers and

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

57

Elaeagnus umbellata, continued

silvered foliage. It is a suitable shrub for seaside
planting. In Japan the children go about nibbling
branches of the sweet red berries which here are
attractive to the birds and poultry.

£. longipes. Introduced a few years ago as a fruit
of the cranberry and currant class. It is a showy
berry-bearing shrub in early July. The fruit is
over % inch long, brilliant red and pleasantly
acid when ripe fully. It grows about 4 feet high.
We have an unusual stock of old plants.

Exochorda • Pearl Bush

Exochorda grandiflora. A rare shrub of great
beauty. The pure white flowers are so abundantly
borne as to cover the plant. They are about \%
inches in diameter, in long, pendent racemes,
appearing with the foliage in May. It is a tall
shrub, attaining 10 feet, but as it is rather awk-
ward in shape, it is best at the background of a
group.

Forsythia • Golden Bell

The Golden Bells stand in a class by themselves,
and, with the Magnolias, are the first showy shrubs.
Early in April they are a wealth of brilliant golden
yellow. In one of the Boston parks there was a
gravel pit that has been transformed to such a thing
of beauty that many make a point of visiting it. The
foliage is entirely healthy and the growth vigorous.
Beautiful winter bouquets are made by standing
the twigs in water in a window where it comes in
bloom in a few days.
Forsythia Fortunei. F. suspensa, var. Fortunei.

A tall, arching shrub, reaching 10 feet in height.
F. suspensa. Almost indistinguishable from the

above, except that the slender branches hang

Forsythia suspensa, continued

perpendicularly from old plants. It is excellent
for bordering groups of shrubs.

F. viridissima. The foliage and habit of this is
very distinct, being more like the California
Privet in its upright, vigorous growth and glossy
dark green foliage, retained late in autumn when
it turns to a purple shade. The flowers are slightly
smaller than the two above species and it also
differs in hardiness. The tips and flower-buds
were winter-killed in the unusually severe winter
of 1903-04.

Fringe

White. Chionanthus Virginica. An Indian rubber
plant outdoors. There is no other hardy shrub
resembling it and yet it harmonizes with other
planting, being native from New Jersey south-
ward. It grows to a height of 15 feet or more and
has a sturdy, enduring appearance. It has
hitherto been rare in cultivation and used as
single specimens. Now that we offer it in large
quantities, it should be used extensively in border
plantings the same as the Dogwood tree and the
large-growing shrubs. It is free from insects or
fungous attacks and its luxuriant, dark and hand-
some foliage gives a touch of elegance not con-
tributed by the average shrub.

When in blossom in June, the tree appears as
if it were festooned with the most delicate white
lace. It is only occasionally that a bargain like
this is available, as the seed crop is irregular.
Those who take advantage of it will be proud of
their White Fringe Trees. There are many such
bargains in this Catalogue, where valuable stock
is offered at lower rates than usual, and lower
than they are likely to be in the near future.

The problem of -planting along drives in the forest is here solved by using Forsythia suspensa. On the road from the

residence of Mr. Harry Payne Whitney to Harbor Hill

58

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Yl — Shrubs

The While Fringe flowers are only a part of its beauty.
The dark green massive foliage and sturdy growth give it a
dignity surpassing most shrubs. It has been so rare that it
has been used as an isolated specimen, but it is best in large
groups. With the Magnolia glauca it will make harmo-
nious and rich plantations about Long Island water-courses
and on upland.

Hazelnut

American. There is no reason why the shrub-
bery should not bear some useful fruit or
nuts, provided the foliage is healthy and
harmonious. Copses of Hazel are beautiful,
even in winter, with their even-tinted haze
of twigs. This species is native in dry and
rocky ground. Every country boy ought
to know how to get ahead of the chipmunks
in gathering them in early September. A
group on the lawn will give his suburbanite
brother an opportunity to do the same.
The Japanese Chestnut is free from the
Chestnut disease and can also be used as
a tall shrub.

Honeysuckle • Lonicera

The Upright, or Bush Honeysuckles, are a

class of .shrubs of the highest usefulness.

They are always healthy, vigorous and of

good form, sturdy and strong in appearance,

and well clothed with foliage to the base.

We have grown them in large quantities and

offer them very low. We feel certain you will

receive more than full value for the price.

Upright. Lonicera Tatarica. When in

bloom in early summer this is one of the

handsomest shrubs, covered by delicate

pink and white blossoms. In August it is

Honeysuckle, Upright, continued

more decorative than any other red-berried
shrub, with its translucent coral berries. It
is a strong, clean shrub, oak-like in its branching.

Lonicera Morrowii. This Japanese species is very
wide-spreading and is especially ornamental
in flower and fruit. The flowers are pure white,
changing to yellow.

Fragrant. L. fragrantissima. One of the earliest
spring-blooming shrubs, pushing forth both its
leaves and pink flowers in early April. Some foli-
age remains bright green until midwinter.

L. Standishii. Frequently the snow-storms of
early March will cover the strongly fragrant
yellow blossoms of this shrub.

L. Maacki. Probably this is here introduced for the
first time in this country. It has been recently
discovered in western China. Its pure white
flowers are larger than those of the other upright
Honeysuckles and the leaves larger and darker
green.

L. Philomela. A vigorous, upright shrub, with
pendant pink blossoms in April.

Horse- Chestnut • AEsculus

Dwarf. AEsculus parviflora; syn., macrostachya.
There is a period between the June-blooming
Spireas, Upright Honeysuckles, Mock Orange,
Magnolias, Deutzias, etc., and the late summer-
blooming Hydrangeas and Altheas, which this
shrub fills to perfection. The tall, feathery
spikes of bloom are the embodiment of graceful-
ness. It is a shrub ultimately 8 feet high, but rather
slow to attain this height and also difficult to
propagate; therefore its rarity in nursery
catalogues.

Hydrangea

The Hydrangeas are all conspicuous from mid-
summer to autumn. They are shrubs of moderate
height to be used in the foreground or in beds by
themselves. Their popularity is well deserved for
their freedom of growth and healthfulness. The
most popular is Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora,
with its immense heads of white flowers. Those

Upright Honeysuckle in Arnold Arboretum. This exhibits about
all the good qualities of a shrub for extensive planting. It has oak-
like strength of branches and massing of lights and shadows in the
foliage ; beautiful, fragrant flowers, and bright red berries. We have
a large quantity of broad plants at low rates.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

59

Hydrangea, continued

whose knowledge is limited to this variety, and those
who have become tired of it, should try some of the
other kinds.
Hydrangea paniculata, var. grandiflora. The

solid white flower clusters are sometimes nearly
a foot long. The largest flowers may be secured
by cutting down each winter to 6 inches, and
strong shoots 3 feet high will be formed. This
variety is often used in large beds on a lawn
where they can be planted about 4 feet apart,

H. paniculata. This is the wild form from Japan,
making a sturdy shrub 10 feet high, with graceful,
open panicles of flowers. It is destined to become
more widely planted, especially by those who
already have the variety Grandiflora, and who
wish a plant less artificial and common in appear-
ance. There are two kinds of this wild form,
variety Praecox, or early-flowering Hydrangea,
blooming in July, and therefore much extending
the season, and variety Tardiva, blooming in
August.

H. Hortensis, var. Otaksa. This is the kind most
commonly grown in tubs; usually such a puzzle
as to whether the flowers will be pink or blue.
This depends upon the soil, and there are some
regions of Long Island where most of the flowers
are pink, in others blue. In Newport they are
grown outside and the tops bent down or boxed
and covered with soil for the winter. Many peo-

Hydrangea paniculata, not the variety Grandiflora. This
is more graceful and beautiful, though less showy than the
better known variety Grandiflora, which has solid heads of
white flowers. More attention should be given to the flow-
ering and berry-bearing shrubs that have decorative value
from midsummer through the autumn.

Dwarf Horse-Cheslnut on the lawn of the late John D.
Hicks, Westbury, L. 1. This is the most magnificent flower-
ing shrub of its season in mid-July. It is rare in nurseries,
but we have succeeded in working up a stock of it.

Hydrangea Hortensis, continued

pie ask us why their plants do not bloom. It is
because the upper buds of the previous year's
growth have been cut off or winter-killed. We
have a number of old plants that have been win-
tered for several years in the cellar and will give
showy effects from June till October.

H. radiata. A conspicuous plant in the shrubbery
from the silvery white lining to the leaves, which
shows when stirred by the breeze. The flowers
are white, in flat-topped clusters. It grows about
4 feet high.

Oak-leaved. //. quercifolia. One of the rarest and
most beautiful species, with graceful, open pani-
cles of white flowers.

Hypericum

Hypericum aureum. A low shrub about 3 feet
high, thickly studded with golden yellow flowers.

H. densiflorum. A smaller shrub with smaller
and more numerous flowers.

Indian Currant • Coral Berry

(Symphoricarpus vulgaris)

A graceful shrub, about 2 or 3 feet high, with deep
red berries clustered and crowded along its arching
twigs. The branches take root where they touch the
ground and therefore are useful to hold steep banks
and edge groups of tall shrubs in the same manner
as Thunberg's Barberry.

60

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

Japanese Judas

(Cercf's Chinensis; syn., Japonica)

The old-time Japanese Quince has been a univer-
sal favorite with its brilliant red flowers early in
May. The San Jose scale attacks it so seriously that
it should be discarded and the Japanese Judas and
the Red-flowering Dogwood used for red flowers
in the same season. This Judas forms a broad
shrub 8 or 10 feet high. The branches are thickly
studded with rose-pink, pea-shaped blossoms more
brilliant in color than the American Judas tree.

Laburnum • Golden Chain

Laburnum vulgare. This is an old-cime favorite
in this country as well as in England and the
continent. It forms a tall, slender shrub of no par-
ticular value as a screen, but winning admiration
for its long, pendant, golden flowers, resembling
its relative, the Wistaria, and the Yellow Locust.
The Germans call it Golden Rain. It should be

Clanted to rise out of groups of other shrubs. It
looms in May.

Lilac -- Syringa

The Lilacs are immediately
thought of as flowering shrubs
by those least initiated in gar-
den lore. The new varieties
show a wide range of exquisite
colorings and variation in size
and form of the flower trusses.
Common. Syringa vulgar-is.

This and the White are the

old-time favorites. Their

fragrance is unsurpassed by

any of the newer varieties

and they will always retain

the strongest hold upon the

affections. The mildew,

which sometimes gives a

dusty appearance to the

foliage, is not serious. It is

not conspicuous if the Lilacs

are planted behind other

shrubs that about equal them in height. Old plants

attain a height of 12 to 15 feet, but they grow

moderately when young, and should not be

depended upon for screen planting on a new place.
White. S. vulgaris, var. alba. This has pure white

flowers and can be distinguished even in winter

by its white buds.

NAMED LILACS

We have a large number of varieties which we
have propagated on their own roots; therefore,
there will be no trouble from the sprouting of the
privet stock, and the sprouts which do come up
will be of the same variety.
Ludwig Spaeth. Deep purplish red flowers in

dense, large panicles. The best of its color.
President Massart. Red when in bud, purple

when open, with large panicle.
Emile Lemoine. Rosy lilac, very large double

flowers. Clusters of globular form.

Mathieu de Dombasle. Double flowers; color
reddish mauve.

Virginalis. Large pure white flowers in larger
panicles than the original white.

Named Lilacs, continued

Frau Dammann. This is one of the best white-
Lilacs, having immense panicles. The foliage is
vigorous and healthy.

Senateur Volland. Double; rosy red.

Louis Henry. Double; red-lilac, tinted blue;

large panicles.
Insignis rubra. A large truss which is dark red

when in bud and lilac when open.
Madam Jules Finger. Large double pink flowers.

Belle de Nancy. Flowers bright red, with white
center. A new and distinct color ; double.

Ville de Troyes. Large panicles of dark purple
flowers.

Madam Lemoine. This we regard as one of the
handsomest double white Lilacs, the individual
flowerets being as large as a ten-cent piece.

President Grevy. Beautiful lilac-blue; very dou-
ble-flowered and very long panicles.

Pyramidalis. Panicles which are dense; carmine
in b.ud.

The Double Lilacs were introduced in this vicinity
by the late Adolph Ladenburg through the Oasis Nursery
Company. Their stateliness and beauty are but little
known. We have worked up a large stock of them on
their own roots which are not subject to the failures
incident to most imported plants. Our plants are old
and ready to bloom and are offered much lower than
usual .

Isaac Hicks £r Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

61

We grow the Named Lilacs so that they are permanently
vigorous. As shown on the right, it has roots above the
graft. The plant on the left will die in a few years.

Named Lilacs, continued'

Virginity. Flowers large, double; delicate rose-
color.

Madam Casimir Perier. A double Lilac, with
large and compact panicles of the purest white.
A new variety highly recommended.

The following are distinct species, quite different
in flower and season of blooming from the Common
Lilac and its varieties described above.
Syringa villosa, var. Emodi. A vigorous, upright
shrub, with large, healthy leaves, resembling the
White Fringe, fitting it for screen planting. It
has immense panicles of white flowers.
Japanese Tree. S. Japonica. This blooms a
month later than other Lilacs, having privet-like
flowers in a bunch a foot wide. It is a tall shrub
or small tree.

Persian. .S. Persica. An old favorite, with slender
arching branches, differing from the upright
growth of all the other Lilacs. The flowers are of
lilac color and very fragrant. They are borne all
along the branches, bending them down in grace-
ful curves. It can be used as a border to groups
of other Lilacs.

Japanese Maples

The Japanese Maples contribute a refined note
that cannot be duplicated by any other class of
plants. There is often the question of what to do
on small lawns where something is desired less coarse
and vigorous than the average shrub, and which
will be attractive all the season. This can frequently
be answered by planting Japanese Maples, Rhodo-
dendrons, Thunberg's Barberry, Magnolia stellata,
Dogwood, Rhodotypos, Thunberg's Spirea, Box-
wood and similar small-growing plants.

Japanese Maples, continued

Japanese. Acer palmatum. We were fortunate in
securing a large quantity of seedlings where they
grew up in a carpet of English Ivy, and are offer-
ing them at a decided bargain. The foliage is of
small, delicately cut leaves, tipped with red on
the young growth in autumn. They will grow
about 1^2 feet per year and make shrubs 8 to 12
feet high. They can be very appropriately used
in the shrubbery, for tall screens and back-
grounds and to edge down groups of tall trees.
The other varieties of Japanese Maples may be
appropriately used in front of these.

Blood-leaved Japanese. A . palmatum, .var.
atropurpureum. This is the variety most people
think of when they speak of Japanese Maples.
It is very conspicuous for its bright red colors
in early summer, later changing to dark red. It
ultimately forms a bush 10 feet in diameter or
more, and is frequently planted as a single lawn
specimen.

Cut-leaved Japanese. A. palmatum, var. dis-
sectum. This is as delicate as a maidenhair fern.
Its branches arch downward and it never makes
a high shrub For a succession of pretty details,
plant this and the next.

Cut-leaved Purple Japanese. A . palmatum, var.
dissectum ornatum; syn., atropurpureum. A
duplicate of the above, except that the foliage
is a good red color throughout the season.

Golden Japanese. A. Japomcum, var. aureum.
A dwarf plant of perhaps 3 feet high, with clear
yellow foliage.

Tartarian. A. Ginnala; syn., A. Tataricum, var.
Ginnala. This is one of the best plants for autumn
color in our Nursery. It turns rather early in the
autumn just after the Virginia Creeper and Dog-
wood change. The color is not exceeded in clear-
ness and transparency by any other autumn
foliage. It quickly forms a tall screen 12 to 15 feet

Group of Japanese Maples in the garden of Mrs. Robert
L. Stevens, Westbury, L. I., Daniel Langton, landscape
architect. We have a large stock of Japanese Maples per-
mitting their economic use for extensive planting.

62

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

Tartarian Maple on the same estate as the Japanese Maples illustrated on page 61, forming a screen to the service
entrance. Early in autumn it is the most brilliant and clear red of any foliage on the estate. It grows quickly to the
size shown. It is an excellent shrub for such mass planting, harmonizing with native growth or with the delicate
Japanese Maples. The two Oaks appearing above the shrubs have grown twice as fast as those in the grass.

Japanese Maple, Tartarian, continued

high and keeps in healthy and vigorous condition,
being hardy far north of this latitude. Its foliage
harmonizes well with our native Oaks and Maples
on one hand, and with the delicately cut-leaved
varieties of Japanese Maples on the other. There-
fore, it is as useful as the Dogwood in fringing
woodland and excellent to form a background to
Japanese M'aples and flowering shrubs. For
hedges it is well adapted, and is one answer to
the frequent request for a hedge that is not
Privet and yet equally rapid in growth.

Orange, Hardy

(Citrus trifoliata; syn., Limonia)

A new hedge plant of value from here southward.
On a sandy hillside at Westbury, plants have grown
8 feet high and 4 feet broad. It is such a thickly
interlacing mass of needle-tipped thorns that a
cat could not get through, and even a snake would
have to use caution. It is hardy where it makes a
moderate growth and the wood is well ripened.
If highly manured it will make a late growth and
the tips winter-kill.

Privet • Ligustrum

California. Ligustrum ovalifolium. This needs
no description. The foliage is a dark, waxy
green, the growth vigorous and able to withstand
or overcome quickly widely varying conditions,
and is more rapidly increased in quantity than
any other shrub. At the seaside it is the most
popular shrub that nurserymen offer. Its popu-
larity as a hedge plant is undiminished. The natural
habit of the plant is V-shaped, and therefore

Privet, California, continued

hedges are liable to be thin and open at the base
unless properly started and pruned. It is best to
plant 6 inches deeper than it stood in the nursery.
This results in several stems at the ground level.
It should be pruned so that the base is wider than
the top, then the sun shining on these lower
branches encourages their growth and keeps the
hedge thick at the bottom. Privet is frequently
called for to make immediate, tall screens on
account of its dense growth and habit of holding
foliage late in winter. We have large, old plants,
6 to 9 feet high, suitable for this purpose.

Dome-shaped California Privet. We have trained
plants about ten years old in the form of a hemi-
sphere, solid at the base. They are 6 feet high
and 7 feet broad and eminently suitable to plant
on a large terrace, in a formal garden or lawn.
They have been accurately trimmed with a
mechanical form of our invention which makes
them uniform and dense.

Standards of California Privet. These are
trained by the same machine as the last. They
have a stem 2 to 6 feet high and a head 2 to 4 feet
in diameter which is flat at the base, symmetrical
and dense. They can be used for formal garden,
terrace, or planting in tubs, similar to Bay Trees.

Arches of California Privet. These arches con-
sist of two plants trained to an iron form 8 feet
high and 8 feet broad. They are suitable for the
center path of a flower-garden or for arching a
gate to a garden or lawn. Another way to use
them in garden design is to put them end to end,
forming a series of arches, making a partial screen
to two portions of a garden. These have been
trained for a number of years end are mature and
solid in effect,

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

63

Privet, continued

Ibota. Ligustrum Ibota. From New York
northward, especially inland and about
Boston, this Privet is rapidly taking the
place of the California Privet because it is
perfectly hardy. The California Privet
winter-kills to some extent here in severe
winters, but as it jumps up 3 feet by mid-
summer, that fault is forgotten. It is native
to the coast of Japan and thrives best
along the coast here. The Ibota Privet is
similar to California Privet in rapidity of
growth, habit and density of foliage. It is,
however, not quite so dark green in color.
It holds its foliage with a bright green
color till late in autumn, while the Cali-
fornia Privet turns to a bronze-green and
holds it farther into the winter. We are
endeavoring to introduce this Privet into
extensive culture, believing that it is supe-
rior to the California Privet where a tall
hedge or mass of shrubbery over 6 feet high
is wanted with no risk of winter-killing.
Prostrate. L. Ibota, var. Regelianum. This
variety has all the good qualities of the
latter and, in addition, has a very distinct
habit of growth. The branches arch out-
ward and down to the ground in graceful
curves. It is an excellent shrub for border-
ing groups of taller kinds, usually bare at
the base. As a hedge plant, it is destined
to become much admired because of its
graceful form and ability to keep dense at the
bottom. It can be left untrimn,ed and make a

T^hodotypos Kerrioides ( White Kerria ). An excellent
shrub for general planting, being not unlike the Prostrate
Privet in its arching growth. It has pure white flowers like
the Mock Orange, scattered through the summer. The
illustration shows it at the entrance to the residence of Mr.
Albert Francke, Lawrence, L. I., showing how excellently
it fills down to the ground under the Plane tree.

These Domes of California Privet are prepared for immediate
results on a large terrace or in a formal garden or elsewhere. They
are grown from one plant and have taken several years of skilful
training to reach their present development. (See page 62.)

Privet, Prostrate, continued

handsome, dense hedge 5 feet high and 6 feet
broad. It will attain those dimensions slightly
quicker than the Thunberg's Barberry, the two
being similar in form.

Media. This is a shrub about 5 feet high, of dense,
round habit and chiefly notable for the orna-
mental value of the large black berries. It can
be used to advantage in shrub planting and we
offer it at low rates.

Rhodotypos • Kerria

The White Kerria would be as popular as the
Mock Orange, Weigela and Golden Bells if its
merits were known. It has large white flowers an
inch or more across in early summer. The flowers
closely resemble those of the Mock Orange, Syringa
or Philadelphus. It is decorated all winter by
clusters of four shining black berries. In foliage
and habit it is one of the best hardy shrubs in this
latitude. It is about 5 feet high and broader in
growth, being full from the base where its gracefully
arching branches touch the ground. It is a shrub
that can be used in quantity in large groups, or a
single plant will be admired on grounds of small area.

Siberian Pea-Tree

( Caragana Arborescens)

A dainty little tree, slower in growth than the
Dogwood. It is thickly hung with canary-yellow,
pea-shaped blossoms in late spring.

Smoke Tree • Mist Tree

Purple Fringe (Rhus Cotinus)

This differs so widely from all other shrubs that
a foremost landscape architect declines to use it
because of its inharmonious relation to other plants.
Its beauty consists in the downy masses surrounding
the seeds in mid-summer, and apparently envelop-
ing the tree in puffs of smoke.

64

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

Spirea

This is one of the largest groups of flowering
shrubs and it is rarely that a group is planned
without including some of its widely differing forms.
We have endeavored to select, among the many
kinds, the few which most clearly show the different
types of beauty, without confusing our customers
with an unnecessarily long list of names.

The flowering period is more extended than that
of any other group of shrubs. Their foliage is
attractive at various seasons.

Thunberg's. Spiraea Thunbergii. This is the most
feathery of them all and the earliest to bloom.
In April or early May it is a fleecy mass of small,
snow-white blossoms. During the summer its
foliage is attractive from the lights and shadows
of its rounded masses. Early in autumn the
slender, willow-like leaves change to various
shades of orange and red, making it suitable for
interior decorations. The general habit is low
and broad, with good foliage at the ground. It
therefore combines well with the Thunberg's Bar-
berry and other low shrubs for edging taller groups

Bridal Wreath. 5. prunifolia, var. flore plena.
This old-time favorite is the next to bloom. Each
flower is a minute double white rose in form. The
foliage is bright, glossy and dark green. During
severe drought some foliage falls.

S. Van Houttei. The most beautiful of the Spireas.
We recall no shrub that exceeds this in the grace-
ful Elm-like quality. The graceful branches,
weighed down with a wealth of white blossoms,
curve till they touch the ground. It comes into
bloom just before Decoration Day. If we were
limited to one Spirea, we should select this. It
grows to about 7 feet high and equally broad.

S. Reevesiana; syn., Cantoniensis, var. flore
pleno. This closely resembles the last except
that the flowers are double like the Bridal
Wreath, and it is not quite so hardy.

S. opulifolia; syn., Physocarpus opulifolia; Opulas-
ter opulifolius. A big, coarse, quick, cheap shrub.
It will make bulk as quickly as any shrub on our
list, a one-year cutting being 3 feet high and
broad. It attains a height of about 10 feet and
has a wider spread. It has white flowers in June,
followed by reddish pods. In large plantations,
it may be used to grade off from the plants of
finer quality near the house to the trees.

Golden. S. opulifolia, var. aurea. Similar to the
last; the foliage bright golden yellow in May, but
later changing to green.

Anthony Waterer. 'S. Bumalda, var. Anthony
Waterer. A comparatively recent introduction
that is distinct from all the others. It is a low
shrub of about 3 feet high, its flat top covered
with carmine flowers from early July onward.
To keep it in continuous bloom, cut back some
of the plants at various times from June till
August. Cutting back after its first blooming has
the advantage of removing the unsightly seed-
pods, which are the only drawbacks to some of
this genus.

S. Bumalda. This resembles the last except that

the flowers are pink.
S. callosa alba. This resembles the two previous

varieties in form, but has pure white flowers

during the summer.
S. Billardii alba. A shrub about 5 feet high, with

white finger-shaped spikes of flowers in July.

It should be planted at the rear of other shrubs.

Stephanandra

Stephanandra flexuosa. Another shrub that
would be well known and much liked if it were
not blighted by a long name. Its proper use is
illustrated at some of the stone gateways on
Dosoris Lane, Glen Cove, where it is used to edge
the taller shrubs. While totally distinct from the
Thunberg's Spirea and Barberry, it belongs to
that class in landscape composition. It has small,
finely cut leaves, growing thickly on gracefully
arching sprays. The small white flowers are in
clusters and appear in June.

Sty rax

Styrax Japonica. We have grown a large stock of
this beautiful little tree. It forms a dense, com-
pact pyramid of foliage and should be used ex-
tensively with plantations of shrubs. The blos-
soms— its greatest charm — are delicate orange and
of delicious fragrance, borne in July.

Sumach

The Sumachs listed below are all natives of dry
ground, and they are preeminently suited for
planting where the ground is dry, and it is not
practical to manure or to cart any better soil.
Their brilliant autumn colors are but little appre-
ciated, but as our wild lands become taken up and
they appear less common as a wayside weed, they
will attain their just consideration in the planted
landscape.

Smooth. Rhus glabra. The commonest species on
Long Island, growing on abandoned hillsides to a
height cf about 10 feet. It can be easily kept to a
lower height by cutting back, when it will make a
very vigorous growth the same year. Its large,
hand-shaped clusters of red berries are highly
ornamental. The foliage is the fiist to turn in the
autumn. There is use for it in many large plan-
tations. It can be used with evergreens and White
Birch for its brilliant colors. Its shade is not
dense enough to harm the ypung evergreens.

The Sweet Pepper Bush, or Clelhra alnifolia. We
have a stock of mature shrubs of this size which transplant
readily and will give this result the first year. (See p. 65. )

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

65

Sumach, continued

Shining. R. copallina. This is a smaller and more
compact-growing species, fitting it for use on
smaller areas than the Staghorn. The leaves are
dark green and shiny, turning deep red in autumn.
It can be easily distinguished from the other
native Sumachs because it has a wing of foliage
along the mid-rib of the leaf.

Staghorn. R. typhina. This grows to a small tree
or may be cut back when it will sprout up as
vigorously as an Ailanthus. Its bark is covered
with short down like a stag's horn when in the
velvet.

Staghorn, Cut-Leaf. A recent introd action with
delicate fern-like foliage.

Rhus semialata, var. Osbeckii. This tree from
Japan has conspicuous flowers in midsummer
when such are scarce. It makes a small, flat-
topped tree. The flowers are of pale yellow color
in large clusters about I foot long.

R. aromatica. This is the dwarf of the family,
growing on the brink of rocky cliffs, making either
a low mat or a shrub 5 feet high. The small,
trifoliate foliage is glossy green and turns a rich
red in autumn.

Sweet-Scented-Shrub

(Calycanthus floridus)

It is said that perfumes linger longest in the
memory, and it has been proven by the inquiries
for "The shrub that they used to have when I was
a boy, and smelled so sweet." The flowers are little
rounded chocolate-brown buds with a strawberry-
like fragrance. It is a shrub about 5 feet high,
with dark green foliage, having no enemies. It is
useful both as a single specimen by the door or in
groups of shrubs.

Sweet Pepper Bush (Cldhra alnifolia)
In driving by damp ground in July, the fragrance
of this shrub is often noticeable. The white flowers
in finger-shaped, upright spikes are conspicuous.
While native to damp ground, it also thrives on
upland. We have a fine stock of old plants 5 to 7
feet high which permit economical and immediate
results.

Syringa • Mock Orange: Philadelphia

This old-time favorite is a tall shrub, 8 to 12 feet
high, gracefully arching under the weight of large,
fragrant white flowers. It has no serious enemies
or defects and can be used largely where tall foliage
is needed.

Tamarisk

This is preeminently suited for seaside planting.
The slender, wand-like branches bend to the gale
and the minute foliage is not injured by salt spray.
They have tiny pink flowers in early summer.

Viburnum

An important group of shrubs. The two double
varieties are the Snowballs. Members of this
genus are conspicuous for possessing the good
qualities needed in landscape planting. They have
good healthy foliage, arranged in masses of light
and shade that harmonize well with our native
trees. The flowers are white and, while they are
a conspicuous incident in the season, they are
not over showy, and do not ask us to put up with

The Viburnums are nearly all big, round, solid shrubs of
this form. Excepting the two double varieties, they have flat
cymes of white flowers in early summer followed by
black or red berries. They are largely used by the Boston
group of landscape architects, who are in advance of others
in the use of native plants.

unhealthy foliage or straggling growth the rest of

the year. The berries are beautiful in their various

seasons.

Viburnum acerifolium. Maple-Leaf; Arrowwood.
This forms a shrub about 4 feet high, with shining
black berries and clusters of white flowers. It
can be used for large shrubberies and is especially
valuable for planting in the shade where many
other plants suffer for lack of light. It is native
over large areas of Long Island in Chestnut and
Dogwood forests. We have large quantities at
low rates.

V. cassinoides. Withe- Rod. This is also a native,
both to damp land and dryer upland. It is a
graceful shrub about 7 feet high with light green
elliptical leaves and white flowers, followed by
black berries.

V. den ta turn. Arrowwood. The most graceful of
the family. Long, black branches, arching like
the Spiraea Van Houttei. It grows to about 10
feet high.

V. dilatatum. This is a comparatively rare species
from Japan. We were able to secure a large quan-
tity of seed from the estate of the late Charles A.
Dana, where it was planted when first introduced.
It is a large, round, massive shrub, with the deep
shade of green, characteristic of the California
Privet and other shrubs of that region. The small
red berries are in large clusters so thickly covering
the tree as to make it very conspicuous. The
birds do not eat up the berries as soon as ripe and
so it can decorate the landscape for a long period.

V. lentago. This is a small tree or large shrub of a
form similar to the Dogwood. It has sweet,
black berries remaining through the winter.

66

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Shrubs

Viburnum, continued

V. molle; syn., V. Nepalense. A native shrub,
resembling Viburnum dentatum.

V. nudum. A graceful shrub, with slender branches
and oval, bright green leaves.

V. Opulus. Highbush Cranberry. This hand-
some shrub is native in northern New England
and Canada, where its large, bright red fruits are
sometimes used as a substitute for the cranberry.
It has large, healthy leaves, free from insect
attacks, while the next variety is from Europe and
has thinner foliage which is curled up by plant-lice.

V. Opulus, var. sterile. Common Snowball.
This is the Snowball that decorated the old farm-
yards beside the Peony and Lilac. It is a shrub
of 8 to 10 feet in height, with a large globu-
lar cluster of white flowers, blooming about Deco-
ration Day.

V. Opulus nanum. A little plant that may be
used as a substitute for Box edging or in restricted
areas. It is about I foot high and densely compact
without flowers.

V. Sieboldi. This differs from all the others in its
general appearance, being much larger in all its
parts. The leaves are about 6 inches long, heavy
and shiny. It makes a shrub about 15 feet or
more in height and can be used with the small-
growing trees of the Dogwood class.

*We usually recommend it when Mountain Ash
is called for. In colder climates the Mountain
Ash is a favorite for its large clusters of orange
and red berries. Here it does not usually thrive.
This Virburnum has clusters of berries about 5
inches across in August and September, which are
very showy. It is as yet rare and we believe you
should take advantage of this opportunity to
secure it.

V. tomentosum. This is a beautiful shrub from
Japan with dark crinkled leaves. It is very showy
when in bloom, its flat clusters of small flowers
surrounded by large sterile flowers. It can be
highly recommended for planting in large groups
or for single specimens.

V. tomentosum, var. plicatum. This has the
good foliage of the last, but has all sterile flowers
in large spherical clusters like the old-fashioned
Snowball. As its foliage is free from insect attacks
and is darker green, it is superior to the old-
fashioned Snowball. It is a shrub which can be
appropriately planted as a single specimen near
the house. It will become 8 feet high and broad.
We were fortunate in securing a quantity of old
specimens about fifteen years old, with good roots,
that are suitable for immediate effects.

NVeigela

Another of the large groups of ornamental shrubs
that have come to us from Japan and China. The
shrubs are all vigorous in growth, broad-spreading,
dense, and have good foliage from the ground up.
They are very quick to make a dense mass of foliage.
In flowers, they are the most showy of their period
with the exception of the Rhododendrons. They
have been most successfully used with the latter to
carry on the color effects at a greater distance in the
Vale of Cashmere, Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Of
course, they have not the refinement of the Rhodo-
dendrons, and should not be used close to them,
but when seen at a distance farther down the valley,
they combine to make up a beautiful picture against
the dark background of tall forests and the open
meadow beyond. The colors range from pure white
t h rough various shades of pink and yellow to deep red .

Weigela, continued

White. Pink.

Othello. Flowers carmine-red.

Weigela rosea. A beautiful shrub with rose-
colored flowers.

Eva Rathke. A comparatively new introduction,
widely advertised because of its very deep red
flowers. It is a lower-growing shrub than the
others.

W. lutea. This distinct species is native of rocky
banks in this country. It forms a dense mass of
about 6 feet in height, with dense foliage and
yellow flowers. We offer large-sized plants at
low rates.

Witch Hazel

This should be as famous for its beauty and use-
tulness as for its being the origin of the Pond's
Extract of Witch Hazel. It is a big, vigorous shrub,
occurring on banks and abandoned fields on the
mainland, and occasionally native on Long Island.
Among shrubs it has something of an oak-like char-
acter, with strong, upright branches and firm,
rugose leaves. It is well fitted for underplanting,
between Oaks, Dogwoods and other trees or among
shrubs to give greater stability to their appearance.
It grows 10 to 15 feet high. It is the last of all
flowers to bloom.

It is a surprise to catch a spicy woodland fragrance
in mid-November and look about to find these
star-shaped, yellow blossoms on the leafless stems.
It is equally a surprise to be bombarded by the
black, torpedo-shaped seeds which are fired a dis-
tance of 20 feet on warm autumn days. These seeds
are produced from flowers of the previous year.

It is a rare shrub in cultivation, but it is so har-
monious with our native trees that we have grown
it in large quantities, and advise those who are
establishing private nurseries for extensive land-
scape planting to buy several hundred of these
cheap seedlings and grow them on for two years,
when they will be ready to plant in permanent
locations. It is a shrub having no serious insect or
fungus enemies, and easy to transplant.

Willow • Salix

The Willow family contains several members
that may be grown as shrubs and because of their
quickness and certainty of success in transplanting,
may be used for temporary planting, or on damp
ground used for permanent planting.
Laurel-Leaf. Salix pentandra. This looks like a
large shrub of California Privet, with leaves as
glossy as if varnished.

Yellow-Bark. S. vittellina, var. aurea. This is a
large, upright tree, which may be kept as a shrub
by pruning. The foliage is brilliant in winter with
its bright yellow color.

Japanese Pussy. 5. multinervis. The earliest of
all flowers, frequently blooming in February.
They are favorites with the school children. The
long, silky catkins are larger and more conspicuous
than in the other Willows, so that it has a distinct
ornamental value. It is a low-spreading shrub
about 4 feet high, well calculated to hold stream
banks, and is also suited for upland planting.

Yellow Root • Xanthonhiza apiifoUa

This is largely used in the Boston Parkways
where it grows about 2 feet high in even masses of
light green foliage, excluding weeds and requiring
no attention.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — TSroad-leabed Evergreens 67

Rhododendron Catawbiense Hybrids bordering a path under Sugar Maples. The harmonious blending of the colors
of Rhododendrons can be accurately accomplished from the descriptions in this catalogue. In such a situation as this, where
the effect is primarily for the foliage, some of the hardiest and more abundant varieties, having lilac or purplish shades, can
be used alone or with white. We suggest for these conditions Album Elegans, Everestianum, Parsons' Gloriosa, Pres.
Lincoln, Purpureum Elegans and Rhododendron Catawbiense, the wild species. Remember, just leaves, that's all, is the
essential in Rhododendron culture

Broad-Leaved Evergreens

The plants of this class may cost the most, but then they do the most. They decorate all the year,
nearly all of them have beautiful flowers or brilliant berries, and many will grow in shady places unsuited
for deciduous shrubs or hardy flowers. Many shun them, fearing that they are an expensive luxury and
are liable to fail. The failures have occurred from planting the wrong varieties, which are, unfortunately,
abundant and cheap. Other failures have occurred from lack of sympathy with their simple needs. Nearly
all of them like a mulch of about 6 inches of leaves or strawy manure in the autumn, to remain on
during the summer. Some of them prefer partial shade in the winter, such as they would get growing in the
woods. However, the root-mulching is three-fourths of their requirements and the winter shade and
protection from drying winds the other fourth. Architecturally, the broad-leaved evergreens are indispens-
able. They mask the hard line of the house foundations. Their rounded form and compact foliage and
their ability to remain small and not outgrow the situation are all elements of this usefulness.

The climate and soil requirements of this class can perhaps be understood by looking at the map of
zones of plant life in a physical geography. The warm temperate zone of broad-leaved evergreens extends
through Washington southward. We are in the cold temperate zone of deciduous trees, and our broad-leaved
evergreens have all come up from the south along the coast, so Long Island is more favored than interior
points of this latitude. In Virginia and southward frost does not penetrate deeply and thawing days pre-
dominate. This is true on Long Island except in our occasional severe winters like 1903 and 1904, when
some of this class are killed back.

The practical lesson is, mulch the ground so that sap can come up to replace that lost by evaporation;
second, check the evaporation by partial shade, especially from morning sun, which too quickly thaws
and dries out the frozen foliage. This shade is rarely necessary and is most useful from the middle of January
to the middle of March. This shade is so rarely essential it should not debar any one from planting thes"e
plants. Shade can be provided by boards, evergreen boughs, straw tied loosely around the plants, or they
may be planted on the north side of a building or under trees. We have made a careful and enthusiastic
study of both these and the evergreen trees and shall be glad to help solve any problems in connection
with their use We are growing the plants that fit, not importing and selling unacclimated plants.

68 Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Broad-Leaked Evergreens

Andromeda • Pieris

Andromeda floribunda. A little gem that appears
as if blooming all winter. The foliage is very
hardy and looks as if it were accustomed to
mountain-top exposure. It grows about 15
inches high. The flowers are upright panicles of
tiny white cups which open in March.

A. Japonica. This is still more beautiful in flower.
The long, pendent racemes are 6 inches long and
look like sprays of Lily-of-the- Valley, which open
in early March. Unfortunately, it is not perfectly
hardy, but is in need of tying up with a few ever-
green boughs in winter to protect the flower-buds
and foliage.

Azalea

Azalea amoena. This can be largely used in this
region if protected as above noted. Old plants
seem to protect themselves. They spread out
so broadly as to mulch their own roots. Some
hypercritical persons might object to its color,
claiming that it had a tinge of magenta, but plant
it alone in a large mass and it is the most glorious
color effect of its season, in early May. On a hazy
day, or towards twilight, it glows with a brilliant
carmine-color. Its small size fits it for a position
in the flower garden, or it can edge a bed of Rho-
dodendrons. Along woodland borders and added
to a native growth of Mountain Laurel, it will
take care of itself and harmonize with its sur-
roundings. There is a famous hedge of it border-
ing a garden walk at Dosoris, that has reached

Euonymus radicans, an evergreen vine, on a gate-
post at the entrance to the residence of Mr. Emmet Queen,
North Country Colony, Glen Cove. This species is still
more valuable climbing the trunks of trees, where it
branches out like the English Ivy and Poison Vine. The
avenue is planted with alternate Red Oak and Norway
Maple from this nursery. (See page 69.)

Azalea amoena, continued

a height of 3 feet and a spread of 6 feet. The
winter color is a reddish bronze.

A. indica alba. This is a shrub of small habit,
keeping its green foliage in the winter. Many
people know it as the "Azalea that grows in
Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn," where there
are many large old plants. The flowers are pure
white and as large as the individual flowers of the
Rhododendron, and appear in May.

For other Azaleas, see Deciduous Shrubs, page 53.

Boxwood • Buxus

Boxwood illustrates how strong a hold plants
can have on a migrating race. It was brought by
the earliest Dutch and English settlers and planted
in their dooryard gardens. It has been given from
one neighbor to another and cherished as family
heirlooms. The Boxwood about the old farmsteads
and village homes on Long Island is almost invari-
ably the dwarf variety; in many cases it has taken
a century or more to grow.

We have developed successful methods of trans-
planting these old Boxwoods and have successfully
moved plants 14 feet broad.

Explanation is often asked as to why Boxwood
that has evidently been grown for half a century,
has died recently. A very severe winter may kill
the bark around some of the branches, and the
following summer that branch will have a more
yellow color and make a weak growth, but not die
until the year later.

Boxwood sometimes has a yellowish color,
especially where fully exposed to the sun. This is
due to a minute red spider which makes narrow
yellow lines on the leaf. It may be overcome by
watering and manuring the plant.

Dwarf Box edging occasionally dies out in spots,
especially where some rampant flower smothers it
in the summer. It is well in establishing a Boxwood
bordered garden to plant a reserved supply for
replacing it, rather than to depend upon nurseries.

Tree Box. Buxus sempervirens. This is the species
and form which grows most rapidly. It is trained
in the shape of pointed pyramids and also in
rounded bush shape. We have plants trained in
broad 'domes 2 and 3 feet wide in the shape of a
hemisphere.

Dwarf. B. sempervirens, var. suffruticosa. This
grows very slowly and is principally used to form
garden edgings about 5 inches high. It is best to
trim it early in the summer so that the growth has
time to ripen before winter. It may be protected
by an inverted trough of boards left open at the
joints to allow some light and air.

Standard Tree Box. B. sempervirens. These are
little balls about 15 inches in diameter on a
a stem iK to 2 feet high. They can be planted
in formal gardens or on terraces.

Daphne

Daphne Cneorum. Garland Flower. A small
alpine plant growing about 8 inches high. The
spicy fragrance of its deep pink flowers can never
be forgotten. It blooms freely in May and con-
tinues during the summer. If it were native to
this country it would have as strong a hold upon
our affections as the Trailing Arbutus, which it
resembles.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — 'Broad-leabed Evergreens 69

We offer an unusual opportunity to plant old, Well-established Holly, and advise those who have the opportunity and
patience to get a bushel of berries from the North, sow them, wait till the second spring for them to come up, and grow
them about four years to get plants 2 feet high. Hedges and extensive plantings would then make a place famous.

Euonymus

Euonymus radicans and its varieties have been
fully described under vines, page 75. They are
useful as low shrubs and cover-plants. They
are entirely hardy and worthy of extended use
as edging for evergreen and deciduous planta-
tions and other planting in a flower-garden.

Holly • Ilex

Ilex opaca. Fortunately, there is an American
Holly that is hardy and can be used extensively.
The English Holly is not hardy here. Holly is
now found on Long Island at Rockaway Beach,
Cedarhurst, Freeport, Deer Park, Fire Island,
Crane Neck, Montauk, and many other places.
It has been ruthlessly cut for Christmas deco-
ration, especially the berry-bearing trees, which
have been cut to the ground by those too lazy
to climb and cut the branches. It thrives in both
upland and swamp, and the principal reason that
it is so rarely seen is because nurserymen
have so few plants. The secret of success
in transplanting it is to prune it severely
and pick off all the leaves if planting with-
out a ball of earth. Transplanting can be
done in the spring. It is not practical to
tell with young plants whether they will
produce berries or not, therefore, buy
several. We have a fine stock of plants
that are eight to ten years old and are
well established, bushy specimens.

Japanese. Ilex crenata. This has a beautiful
color, rivaling the Boxwood. It grows to
about 3 feet in height and makes a compact
plant with a sprightly, irregular outline.
The tips of the branches winter-kill, especi-
ally if it has made a rapid and late growth.
Old plants grow more slowly and are hard-
ier, and this killing of the tips should not
discourage its extended use. It may be
planted at the base of house foundations,
among groups of deciduous shrubs to give
them winter interest and, from the appear-
ance of the plant and its relationship tc
the Youpon of the Virginia coast, we would
suggest its extensive planting along the

Holly, Japanese, continued

shore as at Southampton and the Rockaways.
We have several thousand two-year seedlings
which we offer cheap to some one who wishes
to try this experiment, or to use them as a substi-
tute for Box edging.

Inkberry (Ilex Glabra)

This shrub is native to moist ground on the
south side of Long Island, growing about 3 feet high,
with Boxwood-like foliage. Beautiful specimens
can be seen from the railroad across the Water
Works pond near Merrick. They are solid domes
about 4 feet high.

There are many trees and plants growing wild
which are excellent landscape material. Many fail
to make collected stock thrive because they cut the
roots short and leave the tops long, or because they
do not understand the importance of selecting un-
crowded individuals.

Leucothoe Calesbaei. It is even more beautiful in foliage than the
Laurel because of its long, arching growth. It will thrive in deep
woods or add an interesting touch of winter color to a group of
deciduous shrubs. (See page 70.)

70 Isaac Hicks & Son, West bury Station, N. Y. — ftroad -leaked TLber greens

Mountain Laurel • Kalmia

Kalmia latifolia. There are thousands of acres
of this on Long Island under the shade of Oak
forests. It will grow in the open sun, as evidenced
by the thousands of plants on the top of Wheatley
Hill on the estate of Mr. E. D. Morgan. Here
they are massed in beds and sheared off to a
height of about 2 feet and are exposed to all
the winds and deep freezing that is possible.
It blooms just after the Rhododendrons in the
latter part of June and rivals them in brilliant
effect. The colors range from white to deep pink.
It should be used extensively for cover planting.
. It is appropriate for the flower-garden. The
foliage maintains a good clear color all winter.

Leucothoe

Leucothoe Catesbaei. Andromeda Catesbcei. We
have a fine stock of this plant, but it would soon
be gone if it were not new and unknown. It is
related to the Laurel and Rhododendron and has
foliage like them, turning a ruddy bronze on the
outer leaves in winter. The long, graceful sprays
arch to the ground unlike any other broad-
leaved evergreen and make it particularly useful
for edging Rhododendron beds or carpeting the
woods along roads and paths. The flowers are
like little clusters of Lily-of-the- Valley, and
appear in May.

In small gardens and city back yards the broad-
leaved evergreens will prove the best solution, as they
are showy in winter and are good smoke resisters.

Mahonia

This closely resembles the Holly in foliage, each
leaflet being tipped with spiky teeth. It will thrive
if given some mulching in the winter, and is par-
ticularly appropriate in a shady position.
Mahonia aquifolia. Berberis aquifolium. Oregon
Grape. This has glossy green foliage in summer
which is deep red during winter. It can be planted
along the north side of the house or out among
the shrubbery and will be particularly at home
in a moist, shady situation, as along the edge of
a swamp. In May it has showy yellow flowers.
M. Japonica. Unlike the last, this has light green
foliage in the winter. It is a sturdy, upright
plant about 4 feet high.

Berberis ilicifolia. A semi-evergreen shrub about
3 feet high. It should be included in plantations
of shrubs for its beauty in early winter.

Myrtle • Periwinkle

( Vinca minor]

The problem of what to grow in the shade is a
frequent one, and depends for its solution on the
moisture in the soil rather than upon the degree
of shade. Nearly all trees permit a successful growth
of Myrtle under them. The exceptions are the
Silver Maple, Red Maple, Norway Maple, Linden
and Willows, when they are growing on dry upland.
The reason is they are accustomed to abundant
moisture in swampy land, and if they cannot get it

Bank of Laurel at Arnold Arboretum, Boston. Such effects have been made on Long Island without planting,
by merely reducing the density of the forest cover, letting in the sunshine and greatly multiplying the flowers of the native
growth, as near the stone bridge at Roslyn and at St. James, L. I.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — <Broad-leabed ILbergreens 71

Myrtle, continued

they will rob the surface and keep it so dry that it
is nearly bare of vegetation. It will be possible to
grow Myrtle under these trees in upland if the
ground is fertilized or manured and can be given
a little water during the severest drought.

Myrtle is most at home under the shade of Pines
Spruces, Firs, Oaks, Beech, Chestnut, Dogwood,
Birch, Locust and the various shrubs. Another
interesting use is as a border in the hardy flower
garden where it will form a strip of the deepest
green about i foot wide, similar to the English Ivy,
but without any danger of winter-killing. It has
run wild occasionally in the woods, indicating its
successful use for bordering woodland drives.
For terrace banks in formal gardens which slope
to the north and west, or are partly shaded, it is
beautiful. Under shrubs there is often a bare and
unkempt appearance which Myrtle will remedy.
Mulching with leaves under Rhododendrons is
objected to because the leaves may blow out and
litter the lawn. This will not happen if manure
is mixed with the leaves and a row of Myrtle is
planted along the border. One of the pleasures of
childhood is the rivalry to bring in the first Myrtle
or Violet blossom.
Double-flowering. Vinca minor, var. plena. The

large, double purple flowers appear in spring and

at intervals throughout the summer.
Variegated. V. minor, var. variegata . A variety

with bright yellow foliage.
White-flowering. V. minor, var. alba. A rarer

variety, with pure white flowers.

This was a mat of Myrtle south of an old farm-house
under the Spruce trees. It was allowed to remain when
the estate was improved, and makes a solid and even cover
of the richest and darkest green winter and summer. View
on the lawn of Mrs. R. L. Stevens, Westbury, L. I.

Rhododendrons

Rhododendrons rank with Roses, Magnolias, Orchids, as among the most refined, elegant and beautiful
of flowers. It is the supposed difficulty of cultivation and lack of accurate knowledge among nurserymen
and growers that accounts for the scarcity of thi& plant. Another reason for their scarcity is slow growth
and difficulty of propagation, and, therefore, they are not forced on the market as Roses and other plants
which can be grown in a year or two. They are plants which satisfy all the year and, therefore, even if
they are high-priced, they will repay the investment.

The flowers of Rhododendrons are in immense clusters 3 to 7 inches long. The colors range through
white, pink, cherry, rose, lavender, carmine and purple. Some discrimination in grouping the colors is
therefore required. We have carefully studied this point and listed those which show a slight tint of purple.
These shades are found in the hardiest varieties with the best foliage effects and, therefore, those having
space for a quantity of Rhododendrons should use these varieties in a separate part, especially as they
are the most abundantly available in nurseries.

The~uses of Rhododendrons in beautifying the landscape are but slightly understood, because examples
of them in large masses are so rare that people have not become accustomed to their possibilities. Another
strong reason is the fact that so many people have been fooled by planting tender varieties. These have
been most cheaply propagated and, therefore, pushed on the market. The plants may be worth the cost
in their beauty of flowers and foliage the first season, but when they become half dead after a severe winter
and remain a blot on the lawn, they discourage further planting. People often plant one or three Rhodo-
dendrons on the bare lawn where the sun shines on the soil at their roots and dries them out in midsummer
or the ground freezes deeply in the winter and the next spring they drop part of their leaves and lose some
flower-buds. All this can be avoided by remembering that Rhododendrons need a leaf-mulch and that
they love company. Places where Rhododendrons will thrive are so numerous that we enumerate first
a few places to avoid: Under old trees of Silver Maple, Red Maple, and Willow, if on dry ground; on the
top of a hill unless they have a temporary shelter from wind in the winter; in a soil of dry sand or gravel;
stiff clay soil; limestone soil. They will grow anywhere on Long Island that corn and potatoes will, only
add a leaf-mulch. They are appropriate at the foundations of a building, especially on a half-shaded side.
Do not be afraid of the north side, thinking it is cold; that is just what they like, because the bright sun
does not thaw them out quickly in the morning and dry out the leaves. A section of a long group of shrubs
should be Rhododendrons.

In Long Island forests they will thrive excellently, and in the deepest shade they will have the longest
and darkest foliage, but will there have the least number of flower buds. They especially like open groves
of Chestnut, Oak and Dogwood. Swampy land can be transformed into beautiful gardens of Magnolia,
Rhododendron and Azalea, but in such situations it is best to cut out a large bed in the turfy roots of the
swamp trees to lessen the competition against the Rhododendrons.

The formal garden of Mr. Paul D. Cravath, Locust Valley, L. I., is banked with a broad plantation
of Rhododendron maximum, bordered by the bright red varieties of Rhododendron catawbiense. Back of

72 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Broad-leaked TLbergreens

Rhododendrons, continued

this we moved on a Hicks Tree-Mover tall Cedars 25 to 35 feet high, to form a broad, dense grove.
We now have large Pine, Hemlock, Cedar and White Spruce ready to ship for such frames. They are
in better taste and cheaper than concrete and badly carved marble.

The Mountain Laurel is native over a large part of Long Island and there is no reason why groups of
Rhododendrons should not be planted among them to add interest and extend the season of bloom.

Property owners on the Rockaway peninsula often say they cannot grow Rhododendrons. They will
thrive there if given the soil and moisture conditions, which are obtained by deeper soil and a mulch of
leaves. This leaf-mulch is a great bugaboo, people fearing that it will destroy the neatness of their lawn.
The leaves may be kept from blowing about by mixing manure or soil with them or by a strip of wire netting
6 inches high, held by iron pins, or a border may be planted with Myrtle, Pachysandra, or other low-growing
plants.

Rhododendron Catawbiense. This is the wild
species native to the high and exposed mountain
slopes of North Carolina and adjacent regions
where the minimum temperature, sudden varia-
tion of temperature, bright winter sun and drying
winds compare closely with this region. It is a
compact, round bush of hardy foliage, thriving
in full sun. Flowers bright lilac-red, red and
reddish purple. Some may object to lilac and
purple tints in the species and some of its hybrids.
Keep them separate from the pinks and clear
reds. Among the lilac and purple varieties are
the hardiest and best in form and foliage and
that should be at least half their value. This is
the parent of the following Rhododendron hy-
brids. Don't be afraid to move around your
Rhododendron and Azalea plants when in full
bloom to group their colors harmoniously. Many
of ours are planted as that time with perfect
success.

RHODODENDRON CATAWBIENSE

HYBRIDS
Atrosanguineum. As its name indicates, this is

deep blood-red, and is a fine variety.
Album elegans. This is a tall, V-shaped bush,
quickly becoming 5 feet high. It has large bunches
of white flowers that are tinged with blush-pink

Flower of one of the Rhododendron Catawbiense varieties. The
time will come when these varieties will be studied and compared
with as much care as the Roses. There is really a great variety in
the form of the individual flowers, the markings and shades of color,
but few people are aware of it.

Rhododendron Catawbiense album elegans, continued
when first opening. It is the most popular white
variety. It should be used at the background of
shorter varieties. Many Long Island estates
have long drives through the woods and open
lawn that are used at dusk when returning from
the train, or in the evening. These white and
lilac-colored varieties, as Parsons' gloriosum, Pres-
ident Lincoln and Delicatissimum, are more
beautiful then than the pink and red varieties.
Abraham Lincoln. A fine rosy red, very similar

in shade to Charles Bagley.

Album grandiflorum. Flowers large and showy,
blush-white, closely resembling Album elegans.
Blandyanuum. Deep rosy crimson.
Boule de Neige. Pure white fluted edge. Plant

low, compact and round.
James Bateman. Fine scarlet. Plant of good

habit.

Caractacus. A variety noted for its brilliant
crimson flowers. It is one of the most abundant
red varieties and therefore can be used in large
groups. The foliage sometimes burns in severe
winters' when in open situations.
Charles Dickens. Dark scarlet; fine foliage.
Regarded by experts a very desirable variety.
Charles Bagley. Cherry-red.

Delicatissimum. Blush-white, tinted with
pink. A compact bush of rich green foliage.
Everestianum. This is by some pronounced
the hardiest of all. Its habit is low and
broad-spreading and irregular, as if it were
a form that grew up high on the mountains.
Flowers rosy lilac, beautifully fringed and
frilled at the edges.

Flushing. Rosy scarlet; a good variety.
General Grant. This has been much called
for by those knowing the good varieties.
It propagates slowly and has been difficult
to get. Rosy scarlet.

Giganteum. Large bunch of dark pink
flowers. Foliage gets browned in exposed
places.

H. H. Hunnewell. Dark crimson.
Kettledrum. Deep red. Late. Plant open

in growth.

Lady Armstrong. Pale rose-color. One of
the best of the pink varieties. Free-bloom-
ing, with large flower-clusters.
Lady Claremont. A rosy scarlet, delicately

spotted throat; fairly hardy.
Milner, Mrs. A rich crimson flower, and an

excellent variety in every respect.
Minnie. Bluish white, with chocolate spots;

not hardy.
Madame Carvalho. Bluish white, changing

to white. Needs protection.
Old Port. Flowers a rich plum-color. One
of the darkest varieties.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Broad-leaked Evergreens 73

Rhododendron Catawbiense Hybrids, continued
Parsons' Gloriosum. A vigorous, rapid-
growing variety which propagates readily
and, therefore, is abundant, cheap and
suitable for large masses, especially for
woodland planting. Color bluish white,
tinted with lilac, giving a white effect in
the distance.

Parsons' Grandiflorum. This is a very
excellent variety of good form, free-bloom-
ing and dark red in color.
President Lincoln. A variety similar to
Parsons' Gloriosum; vigorous, rapid, cheap
and tall-growing, and furnishing a large
quantity of foliage and bloom for the money.
Rosy lilac or rose-purple.
Henry Probasco. Deep carmine.
Purpureum grandiflorum. Flowers pur-
ple ; large. Plant tall-growing, rapid, and
a free bloomer.

Purpureum elegans. Flowers purple. One
of the best of that class which contains the
hardiest Rhododendrons and can be
depended upon for planting in open, ex-
posed places.

Roseum elegans. In a large aursery of
Rhododendrons, this appears to be the best
in form and texture of foliage mass. It is a
compact, hemispherical plant, and very
hardy. It would be suitable to plant at
regular intervals in a formal garden, as
Boxwood or Yew. Color deep rose.
H. W. Sargent. This is named for Henry Winthrop
Sargent, who established one of the earliest ar-
boretums at his country seat, near Fishkill. It is
an excellent variety, crimson in color, large truss
of flowers and good habit.

J. R. Trumpy. Rosy crimson, late-blooming va-
riety, named for the man who has done the most
and, perhaps, the only propagating of Rhodo-
dendrons in this country. We have a large part
of each variety from the Parsons Nursery,
Flushing, when that closed last year. It includes
many of the hardiest varieties which originated
from hybrids and seedlings there and propagated
nowhere else in this country.
The Boss; syn., Mrs. H. S. Hunnewell. Bright

clear pink, large flower; large, vigorous bush.
Dr. Torrey. Rose-pink; early bloomer.

Those interested in studying Rhododendrons in
flower, are invited here in June, when we can show
forty other kinds, including such rare, beautiful, and
hardy varieties as Hannibal, Alexander Dancer,
E. S. Rand, Scipio, James Macintosh, Charles S.
Sargent, Mrs. C. S. Sargent, Henrietta Sargent and
many others. This is one of the best places in this
country to study Rhododendrons.
Rhododendron maximum. In the past dozen
years, thousands of car-loads of this have been
dug in the mountains about Delaware Water Gap
and in the Catskills, and used in landscape
planting, because it was available for immediate
effects. It has generally succeeded, and the few
disappointments are traceable to direct violation
of the Rhododendron requirements. It is native
to lower ground than the Catawbiense and prefers
partial shade, even in the summer, while Cataw-
biense and its hybrids have good foliage all
summer when in full sun. It is easily transplanted,
and the low price for large bulk, and the fact that
tall plants are available, has lead to its extensive
planting. We can supply in car-load lots direct
from the collecting fields, or we have a number

Group of Yucca, or Spanish Bayonet, or Adam's Needle, on a
sandy hillside on the estate of the late Hon. Win. C. Whitney, planted
from our Nursery.

Rhododendron maximum, continued

of plants growing in a shady part of our orchard
for sale in small quantities.

The flowers extend the Rhododendron season
from the time the Catawbiense Hybrids stop
the last of June to the middle of July, therefore,
they can be planted with others without fear of
clash of colors. The colors range from pure white,
slightly tinged with pink, to a deep pink. Winter-
killing need not be feared, for this species is
native in Nova Scotia and northern New York.

R. punctatum. This is the third species native to
this country. It is a small plant, with small
leaves. It blooms about two weeks before the
Catawbiense varieties.

Yucca

Yucca filamentosa. The Yucca plant is usually
associated with the deserts of New Mexico, but
this species is native to the Atlantic states, and
is entirely hardy here. It keeps as vivid a green
as any evergreen and, therefore, should be used
for its winter decorative value. Unlike many other
broad-leaved evergreens, it delights in dry, hot
situations, and will stand full exposure in the
winter. It has the largest flower-spike of any
plant of its class, some frequently reaching 4 feet
and, occasionally, 6 feet in height. It is suitable
for mass planting at the front of shrubs or it can
be planted on a sterile hillside with Pines, Birch
and Sumach. There is sometimes a sandy bank
to a road, the grass turning brown in mid-summer
and becoming unsightly. A cover planting of
Yucca, Dwarf Pines, Thunberg's Barberry,
Rosa rugosa, etc., is cheaper than grass in the
long run because it requires no mowing. In a
flowe-rgarden it is a stately plant that may be
used at regularly recurring intervals for its
winter beauty and for its stately spire of cream-
white, lily-like flowers.

74

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Vines

Vines

We are too apt to think of Vines as primarily useful for shading porches. Mosquitoes often veto this
use, for they like to linger where the foliage checks the rapid movement of the breeze. Awnings are more
expensive, but more controllable porch screens. Vines which harbor mosquitoes are those which have been
neglected and grow in a dense mass.

Porch vines should be pruned every year like the Grape, by cutting out all but a few branches. This
will result in a thin layer of foliage which intercepts the view but allows the breeze to pass.

Vines are used much less than they might be, simply because people have not seen them or have for-
gotten or do not use their imagination. Many a landscape or building which is commonplace and ugly,
may be transformed by the embellishment of a few vines. They decorate without occupying valuable
space and without serious danger of over-growing their position because they can be readily pruned and
not injure their beauty or flowering.

There is a beautiful driveway on the Pratt estate at Glen Cove, lined by stately Locusts. Without
detracting from their dignity, each trunk is decorated by climbing roses or other vines. The Locust is
especially favorable to this partnership for it does not utilize all the light and fertility. Locusts are a fre-
quent part of the landscape on the northern half of Long Island and many object to them because of their
narrow growth and sparse foliage, but they can be made beautiful all the year with Euonymus radicans for
winter, Wistaria for early spring, Climbing Roses for June; Clematis, Honeysuckle and Trumpet Creeper
for midsummer; Virginia Creeper, Bittersweet and Japanese Ivy for autumn. Steep banks may be covered
and held by vines more effectively and cheaply than by grass. Groups of shrubs may often be edged with
vines, or vines allowed to clamber upon them, softening their lines and making the whole a more luxuriant
and harmonious group. The laundry paddock and tennis court may be screened by vines on a wire trell'

Actinidia

Actinidia is a rare Japanese vine, as vigorous and
healthy as the Wistaria. It has large white flowers
like orange blossoms and bears fruit that is edible.
We recommend it as a porch vine, for pergolas,
fences or climbing up trees.

The showy red flowers of the Trumpet Creeper will add
interest to a period in midsummer when flowers are scarce
outside the garden.

Akebia

Akebia quinata. A vigorous vine with dark green
foliage which is retained till midwinter. It will
grow to a great height. The fruit is lead-colored,
and opens showing a roll of translucent, sweet,
edible jelly. The fragrant purple flowers are
small and of rubber-like texture.

Bittersweet • Celastrus articulata

A vine which decorates fences, rocks and trees
throughout autumn and all the winter with bril-
liant orange berries. We offer it at low rates, so
that it can be planted in quantity and naturalized
along banks, woodland borders and where it can
climb up trees. It will do especially well on Locust
trees.

Clematis

Clematis paniculata. This and the Japanese Ivy
have come more rapidly into favor than any
other vines. It is a snow-drift of white stars in
August. It grows very rapidly and will quickly
cover porches, pergolas and wire fences around
tennis courts. If this variety is planted among
shrubbery and small trees, it will embower them
with flowers.

C. Virginiana. A species native to our swamps
and roadsides, corresponding to the Clematis
paniculata. It blooms a little earlier and does
not grow quite so large.

C. Jackmani. This has large, purple flowers,
about 6 inches in diameter, and is suitable for
growing on the pillars in the flower-garden, but
is not always large enough for a porch vine. For
some reason (said to be nematode worms in the
soil), it is difficult to grow, but well worthy of
repeated trials by those who admire its chaste
beauty. It is not as often seen on Long Island
as in some other sections and possibly the soil
or climate does not suit it. The two species
above have no weak points,

C. Henryi. A pure white species like the above.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Vines

75

Dutchman's Pipe

(Aristolochia sipho]

This unique vine has immense heart-shaped
leaves about 10 inches in diameter. It is suitable for
porches, pergolas, or to clamber over stumps. It is
slow the first two years, but ultimately will cover
the side of a house. The flowers are inconspicuous,
and so shaped as to justify its name.

Euonymus

Euonymus radicans. This vine is but little
known, but when it is we predict for it a wide
popularity. Of course, English Ivy has the ad-
vantage with its literary, ecclesiastic and art
associations, but the Euonymus has the advan-
tage of hardiness in our climate, especially from
New York northward, and toward the interior.
At Westbury there is a Euonymus radicans on a
Locust tree where it is about 30 feet high, sending
out long branches, 4 feet long, after the manner
of the English Ivy and Poison Ivy. The leaves
are permanently evergreen and are of dark color
and glossy surface. It has no serious enemies and
will grow freely on brick, stone, or even on painted
boards. It will carpet the ground with green and
grow upward in points about 2 feet. It can be
rapidly multiplied as it takes root when layered.

E. radicans, var. Carriere. This form has larger
elliptical leaves and is more shrub-like in growth.

E. radicans, Round-leaved Form. This is very
distinct in appearance, with thick, round, light
green leaves and abundant red berries. It will
clamber over rocks and low walls and can be
used at the foundation of a house or edge of
groups of broad-leaved, evergreens.

Honeysuckle • Lonicera

Honeyscukles are a large genus, containing some
valuable shrubs, described on page 58, and a num-
ber of useful vines. They are not particular as to
soil or moisture and can be satisfactorily used for
naturalizing along the borders of woodland, on
fences, as well as on porches, windmill towers and
pergolas.

Japanese. Lonicera Japonica. This is the most
popular and widely known Honeysuckle. To
show its appreciation of our climate it has run
wild along roadsides and in the woods where its
evergreen foliage brightens the winter landscape.
It will make a hedge equal to the Privet, needing,
of course, a wire fence to support it. It blooms
abundantly in June, with deliciously fragrant
blossoms, and then again in late autumn. It is
called Hall's Honeysuckle from the missionary
who first introduced it with the Hall's Magnolia
and several other Japanese plants. He realized
the climate similarity, but had difficulty to find
a nurseryman to even pay the freight on his
shipment. We can supply rooted layers at very
low rates for planting on steep banks to hold
them from washing.

Chinese. L. Japonica, var. Chinensis. Similar to
the Japanese excepting that the leaves are
purple beneath and that it does not readily take
root from layers and spread in large mats where
planted, and it does not spread from seeds. It is
a handsome evergreen vine, with ornamental,
shining black berries. We have propagated a

The graceful sprays and tendrils of our native Woodbine,
or Virginia Creeper, are but little appreciated. It can be used
to decorate tree trunks, pergolas, tennis back-stops, festoon
shrubs or hold sand-dunes, (See page 76.)

Honeysuckle, Chinese, continued

large quantity which we offer at low rates,
presenting an opportunity to make a good land-
scape effect.

Coral Trumpet. L. sempervirens. Conspicuous
for its long, red trumpet-shaped flowers. It is a
handsome vine, occasionally wild on Long Island,
in the Cedars or along fences. It can be appro-
priately planted in such situations, or on pergolas.

Heckrotti. This is a low climber, blooming in June,
and again in October, November and December.
It may be planted under or with other vines
merely for its unusual flowering period.

Ivy

English. Hedera helix. There are many beautiful
old plants of English Ivy on Long Island. Many
will remember how the severe winter of 1903-04
killed back their favorite Ivy. Notwithstanding
such occasional disasters, it is worthy of extensive
planting. Like other broad-leaved evergreens, it
likes best partial shade in the winter, partial
shelter from severe drying winds and mulching
to keep out the frost. These conditions can be
met on the north side of the house or in groves
of trees. The problem of making more attractive
our rather monotonous winter woodland may be
solved in part by using the English Ivy, both as
a carpet on the ground and to run up the tree

7G

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Vines

Ivy, English, continued

trunks. It can be used as a border to garden
paths, being trained along the ground. In such
situations it is hardy. It prefers a humid and
equable climate near the sea, and will grow best
where not subject to severe summer drought.

Japanese, or Boston. Ampelopsis tricuspidata;
syn., A. Veitchii. This clings closely to any
structure and grows rapidly and to a great height.
The autumn colors are brilliant shades of crimson,
dark red and yellow. It will grow freely on tree
trunks and is suitable to clothe unsightly clothes
poles. Sometimes an objection is made to it that
it covers up the ornamental features of brick
and stone buildings. This ought not to be charged
against the plant. Its vigorous growth can be
easily cut back from windows and portions that
it is not desirable to cover.

Kudsu Vine

(Dolichos Japonicus; syn., Pueraria Thunbergiana)
We are frequently asked for the quickest-growing
vine for immediate effect. We have seen this make
5 feet in a week, but the leaves are not especially
ornamental, being of rather coarse texture and
resembling its relative, the lima bean. The long,
starchy roots are used as food by the Japanese.
The vine dies back each winter to the larger stems.

ROSES, CLIMBING. See under Roses

Flowers of this Wistaria are the most dense in the bunch
and, therefore, the most showy. The rare Wistaria multi-
Juga which we offer has flower-stems 3 feet long with the
flowers wide apart and of deeper blue.

Trumpet Creeper • Tecoma

We occasionally see big, red flowers from the top
of a tall Locust, and find that they come from this
plant which sends up its large stem, as in the tropics.
It is native from Virginia southward, where it
makes a bad weed in the fields. It has left that
habit behind and, therefore, may be extensively
used on fences, pergolas, and to decorate woodland
borders.

Virginia Creeper

(Ampelopsis Quinquefolia)

On Long Island there are sometimes open forests,
especially of Locust trees along the north shore,
which look as if their trunks were ablaze. This is
the Virginia Creeper, which, with the Sumachs, is
first to turn in the autumn. Many people are
afraid of this vine because of its resemblance to
poison vine, which has three leaflets, while the
Virginia Creeper has five.

Virginia Creeper grows rapidly and makes an
excellent shade for porches because it is open in
growth and permits the breeze to blow through,
especially if annually pruned. Mosquitoes are not
so liable to remain as where a thick mass of foliage
checks the breeze. It is found growing over the
sand-dunes, holding them from blowing and wash-
ing, for it will thrive even where occasionally washed
over by high tides.

Wistaria

This genus is a native of China and eastern
United States. They are all rapid-growing vines,
with clusters of pea-shaped blossoms. They are
always healthy and, like other members of the
Pea family, are able to get nitrogen from the air
and, therefore, grow on poor soil.
Chinese. Kraunhia; syn., Wistaria Chinensis.
Just before the leaves appear in May, this will
cover the side of a house with porcelain-blue
flowers. A unique ornament for the formal gar-
den or lawn is a tree-formed Wistaria. It takes
several years to train it to a straight stem. We
have a number of plants so trained, with heads at
5 to 7 feet. When trained this way, the plant
cannot spend its energies in making long, rope-
like branches, and it produces flowers very abun-
dantly, sometimes having a second crop after
midsummer.

White. W. Chinensis, var. alba. A pure white
variety particularly appropriate for pergolas,
and planting along woodland drives and on old
tree trunks. A planting of this kind adds beauty
and interest, and only costs the price of the plant,
and the trouble of ordering and putting it in.
Wistaria multijuga. Japanese, or Loose-clustered
Wistaria. Very few opportunities exist for pur-
chasing this beautiful plant. You may recall a
picture of a Japanese tea garden, with the bridge
festooned with a blue fringe 3 feet long. This
species grows vigorously here and no vine could
attract more admiration when in bloom. It can
be planted on pergolas and beside forest trees.
The flower buds occasionally winter-kill.

It is the enthusiasm to search for the beautiful
and good plants that characterizes this Nursery.
They are propagated and grown without previous
demand, even if it takes ten years, in the assurance
that'if the plant fits and its merits and deficien-
cies be told, it will be used. Therefore, this is a safe
place to buy plants. It is not our policy to import
and recommend unless plants are permanently
good.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy Roses

77

Rosa rugosa, Blanc Double de Couberi. Block of this and the Belle Poiteoine in our nursery. Photographed in
Aueust when most of the double Roses are unsightly semi-bare little bushes with foliage despoiled by insects and hmgi We
believe 'that this stock offers an unparalleled opportunity to secure these varieties. They are on their own roots and purchaser
may extend their plantations without expense by transplanting the suckers.

Hardy Roses

The short list of Roses we offer includes those
varieties that are most popular because of their
beauty and hardiness in this climate. If a greater
variety is desired we will procure them. The hybrid
perpetuals bloom abundantly in June and occasion-
ally during the summer and fall.
Anne de Diesbach. Carmine. A large, beautiful

and fragrant rose. Plant vigorous.
Baron de Bonstetten. Velvety maroon. One of

the richest dark Roses.

Baroness Rothschild. Delicate pink. Large, full
flowers, growing closely against the smooth, light
green leaves. Very choice and beautiful. Not
fragrant .

Francois Levet. Cherry-red. A valuable Rose
from its strong growth and free-blooming habit.
General Jacqueminot. Brilliant crimson. This is
perhaps the most popular Rose. A vigorous
plant, with abundant large, fragrant blooms.
Hermosa. Bright rose-pink. One of the best bed-
ding Roses that blooms constantly from June till
October. A small, compact plant.
Jules Margottin. Carmine-rose. This grows to be
a bush 5 to 6 feet high and wide, with luxuriant
foliage and abundant blossoms.
Madame Gabriel Luizet. Silvery pink. A beauti-
ful Rose. Slightly fragrant.

Madame Plantier. Pure white. Foliage and stem
light green. This makes a large bush that is

useful for hedges or for massing in shrubbery.

Barons Rothschild. A beautiful rose of delicate pink color The white blossoms are borne in large clusters.

78

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Hardy Roses

Rose bugs are circumvented by the Rosa rugosa, Blanc Double de Coubert, and other varieties which bloom
before and after their season. This variety has large milk-white flowers and foliage as perfect as Privet

Hardy Roses, continued

Magna Charta. Pink, suffused with carmine. The
flowers are large and fragrant, borne on strong,
light green stems.

Margaret Dickson. White. This Rose resembles
Baroness Rothschild in its form and the close
setting of leaves about the flowers. The large
white blossoms with pale flesh center are very
beautiful. Fragrant.

Paul Neyron. Rose-pink. The largest of the
Roses. The stems are strong and smooth, and
the foliage is a bright, light green . A free bloomer.

Princess Adelaide. Moss Rose. Delicate rose-
color. The buds are well covered with moss, and
the foliage is dark.

Persian Yellow. A thorny bush with delicate
foliage, bearing a profusion of small bright
yellow Roses clustered thickly along the branches.
A favorite in old-time gardens. Very hardy.

Frau Karl Druschki. The ideal pure white Rose.
Very large perfect flowers. A strong grower and
very free-flowering.

Rosa Rugosa • Japanese Rose

Roses are usually thought of as of value for their
flowers only, their foliage being of doubtful hardi-
ness, and, if unsightly in midsummer, the plants
are excusable and repay us by their beautiful
flowers. The Rosa rugosa, R. Wichuraiana and R.
multiflora, all from eastern Asia, bid fair to change
all this. They are perfectly healthy in foliage and
are handsome all through the summer and need
no protection to prevent killing back in the winter.

Rapid strides are being made by plant breeders
in this country and Europe in introducing new
varieties with improvements in colors, size and
doubling of the flowers. Only a beginning has been
made during the last fifteen years in this direction.
With proper encouragement by amateurs, much
more rapid improvement is possible.

The form of the Rosa rugosa bush is broad and
rounded, 4 to 6 feet high and equally broad. It is

Rosa rugosa. continued

solid and dense from the ground up. The foliage is
dark green, shiny, and the leaves are rugose or ridged
between the veins.

The rose-bugs are more frequently asked about
than any other insect pest. Hand-picking is the
most practical remedy, but as it breeds in damp,
sandy ground, and Long Island has an abundance
of such ground, the rose-bugs some years are a
vexatious pest. The Rosa rugosa and its varieties
offer a positive way to circumvent the enemy. They
bloom May 15 and the rose-bugs come about
June I or a little later, and remain one month.

The Rosa rugosa and its varieties, the Prairie
Rose and Rosa Wichuraiana, bloom in July after
the rose-bugs have disappeared. The Rugosa also
blooms during August and September. A good
way to increase the amount of this midsummer
blooming is to cut back the plants nearly to the
ground or one-half way in the winter, or some can
be cut back in June. This cutting back is beneficial,
at least once in two or three years, to make the
plants more compact. The red fruits are like little
apples, about i inch in diameter, and are very showy
being in large clusters. The thin pulp is edible.

For seaside planting, the Rugosa is one of the
very best plants and offers an answer to the fre-
quent question, "What can we plant besides
Privet?" On road banks, in wild gardens, as hedges
and borders, around flower-gardens and in almost
any group of shrubs, the Rosa rugosa and its varie-
ties are highly satisfactory.

Rosa rugosa rubra. Single red flowers about 4
inches across.

R. rugosa alba. Single, pure white flowers.

Blanc Double de Coubert. We think so highly of
this variety that we have propagated it by the
slow process of layering plants. These plants are
now four years old and are well branched and
bushy. It takes a few years for a good thing to
become known by the horticultural public, and
Roses of the Rugosa class have not been actively
pushed because they are slower to propagate or

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, !7\£. Y.— Hardy 'Roses

79

Rosa rugosa, Blanc Double de Coubert, continued

cannot be as cheaply imported as the ordinary
Hybrid Perpetual and Tea Roses. The flowers
are 6 inches in diameter when they appear in
early May, and those in midsummer are only
slightly smaller. They are beautiful as cut-
flowers and, when to this beauty is added their
earliness, and the fact that there are no rose-bugs
crawling down them over the table, we have
sufficient arguments for their extensive planting.

Belle Poitevine. Both this and the last have the
pure Rugosa foliage that is perfectly healthy. The
flowers are double, red, of the same shade as
the species. We have propagated them by layers
and the plants are large and bushy, suitable for
immediate effects. They can be used for planting
on sand-dunes, overhanging a sea wall, as garden
hedges, or in the shrubbery. It is rare that such
good value is offered in Roses or shrubs, and our
large stock is due to an enthusiasm to popularize
a little-known class of Roses and to encourage
plant-breeding in varieties that are well adapted
to the climate.

Madame Georges Bruant. This is a hybrid
Rugosa and the foliage shows its other parentage
by becoming mildewed.

Memorial Rose • RosaWichuraiana

TRAILING ROSE FROM JAPAN

The answer to "What's in a name?" is shown by
this Rose. It was on the market under its long,
unwieldly Latin name, and, except for a few Boston
enthusiasts, found no market. Then Henderson
christened it Memorial Rose and advertised it
widely in the magazines with a picture of it as a
grave covering. This Barnum-like advertising got
people to know it and its use as a grave cover
is well-nigh forgotten. It runs over the ground,
making a solid mat about 8 inches deep, of shiny
dark green leaves. It will often grow 15 feet in a
year and only needs to be started up by tying to
make an excellent climbing Rose.

People of this section have a slight realization of
the landscape use of cover plants. This species
has all the elements required, even that of propa-
gating without expense on a private estate when
once established; that is, a few plants can be set,
and as they take root wherever they touch the
ground, they can be divided up and the area ex-
tended. They also grow readily from cuttings.

On Long Island Sound there are many bare
bluffs of running sand which may be wasting away
at the rate of i foot per year. A sea wall will hold
the base. This Rose, with Pitch Pine, Cedar,
Bayberry, Honeysuckle, and a number of other
plants, will efficiently hold the sliding soil and pre-
vent the top from falling down to a less steep angle.
Another use is to carpet the ground under tall
shrubs, such as Lilacs.

Greater improvement by hybridization has been
made with this species than with any other in this
country. One of the first improvements was made
by that most eminent horticulturist, Jackson
Dawson, of the Arnold Arboretum, who produced
the Dawson, Farquhar, and several others yet to
be introduced. Other hybrids were made by the
Newport Nursery Co., and by Mr. Walsh, Woods
Hole, Mass., and others. It hybridizes freely with
the Tea Roses. The beauty of the creamy white
flowers is enhanced by the cluster of golden stamens.

This species and its varieties bloom after the
rose-bugs have commenced to disappear, about the

Memorial Rose, continued

first of July. They greatly extend the season of
Roses, for the Hybrid Perpetual Roses are at their
height in June. This species continues to bloom
throughout the summer and we have seen it a beau-
tiful carpet of white just beyond the surf at Nahant,
in August.

A recent book on "Roses, and How to Grow
Them," published by Doubleday, Page & Co., says
that the Wichuraiana Hybrids are a new group of
immense importance to American gardens, yielding
the best climbing Roses for porch or trellis.
Rosa Wichuraiana. Single, cream- white flowers.
Lady Gay. This has large clusters of pink flowers
of the color of the Hermosa Rose. We know of
no climbing Roses that have sprung into such
popular favor as this and the Dorothy Perkins,
since the advent of the now ubiquitous Crimson
Rambler. People are getting tired of the latter,
and the above new varieties are so much more
delicate in color that no one can criticize them.
Their foliage is free from the mildew which
attacks the Crimson Rambler.
Jersey Beauty. Large, single, pale yellow flowers.
Gardenia. This is a surprise to those who remem-
ber the climbing Tea Roses, with the big yellow
blossoms, which hung from the rafters of old-
time greenhouses, and who never expected to see
such Roses out-of-doors. It is not quite hardy
and needs to be laid down and protected, unless
on a south sloping terrace bank where the wood
ripens up early.

Pink Roamcr. Bright pink, single flowers.
Universal Favorite. Rose-colored, double flow-
ers, about 2 inches in diameter.
Dorothy Perkins. The most beautiful of the hardy
climbing Roses. A Dorothy Perkins will quickly
cover a gateway or pergola with rich glossy

Memorial _Rose, or Rosa Wichuraiana. A beautiful trail-
ing species with tea-scented cream-white flowers. It is one
of the healthiest foliaged Roses and highly useful as a climb-
ing Rose, as a cover plant for steep banks and for seaside
planting. Its ability to hold sleep sand banks and cover
walls is exhibited along the public road on the property of
Mr. Robert W. de Forest, Cold Spring Harbor, L. I.

80

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy 'Roses

Rose, Dorothy Perkins, continued

foliage which, in July, becomes a bower of lovely
pink blossoms. The branches often arch to the
ground under the weight of the many heavy
clusters of bloom.

Crimson Rambler. This rampant grower has
illuminated more homesteads than probably any
other flower. It has been introduced only about
15 years and yet has sold by the million. Its
characteristics are vigorous growth, sometimes
reaching 15 feet in a year, perfect hardiness,
profusion of bloom in large clusters about the
last of June.

Prairie Rose. Rosa setigera. This is native in the
northern states and out through Michigan. It is
about the only species of American Rose that has
been improved. Its foliage is healthy and is of
light green color. It grows rapidly and it will
festoon the tops of trees over 20 feet high. It is
excellent as a shrub where it will make long,
arching branches, 10 feet high. The problem of
decorating hedge-rows, woodland borders, swamps
is quickly solved with this, Rosa multiflora, R.
Wichuraiatfa, R. Nitida, and other wild Roses.

We have tall plants of this that have been
trained to stakes and are suitable for immediate
results on pergolas.

Baltimore Belle. A variety of the above, with
clusters of large double white Roses.

Queen of the Prairies. Another variety with
large, bright rose-colored blossoms. Before the
advent of the Crimson Rambler these two va-
rieties were the mainstay for climbing Roses,
and as they have no defects, we see no reason
why they should not continue in favor.

Wild Roses

There are several species wild on the sandy hills,
roadsides, and swamps that have a high landscape
value and which should be used freely in landscape
planting, especially for covering large areas. They
are easy to collect ; simply dig them up and cut off
the tops and the first year they will spring up almost
as vigorously as blackberries, to which they are
related. They will make a solid mass of foliage and
cover the ground completely, excluding weeds
after they are established.

The flowers of our wild Roses are mostly a deli-
cate pink. They appear in June and are followed
by bright red hips which remain during winter.
The foliage of these Roses is good, the bark of the
twigs is tinged with red and therefore their winter
effect is useful in the landscape because the twigs
are so numerous as to give a distinct haze of color.

Rosa Nitida. An abundant species about 3 feet
high, with reddish stems so thickly covered with
prickles as to appear moss-like.

R. lucida alba. This wild Rose is a white variety
which has been extensively used in landscape
planting. As its name indicates, the foliage is
shiny.

Sweet Briar. Rosarubiginosa. Eglantine. The Sweet
Briar Rose has a delightful perfume, especially
on a dewy evening, and should be planted in the
garden and near the house for that alone. It has
become naturalized in the Cedar fields and road-
sides of Long Island. There have been produced
a number of new varieties known as Lord Pen-
zance Hybrids.

:e«i^BB®BHB8s«^8iBBBBBHBHHU8NB^1- - v i * MKL . .4tflH Mhc^ °iS '

An excellent treatment for a curved path on a small lot where there is no room for a flower-garden. The planting con-
tains Peonies, Canterbury Bells, Iris, Sweet William and, in the shade next the house, tall Rhododendrons

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Hardy Garden Tlolvers 81

°Showing how many beautiful flowers can be grown on a small area between a vegetable-garden or boundary which
needs to be screened and a drive or path. The background consists of tall shrubs interspersed and bordered by Hollyhocks,
Eulalia Grass, Day Lily and other hardy flowers. To fill out the space the annual, Nicotiana, is used.

Hardy Garden Flowers

The flower-garden Is now considered as an outdoor room and as much under the care of the head of
the household as any part of the house. The pleasures of a flower-garden cannot be fully described, but it
is our purpose here to describe a collection of the good things that may be readily cultivated and give delight
throughout the season. All of the plants offered are hardy, and only a few of them require autumn mulching,
which they get in a state of nature and which is a benefit to all the garden.

Care of a garden of hardy flowers is limited to keeping the weeds down and the paths in order, cutting
the tops of those that have gone to seed, and replanting or dividing some varieties after a few years' growth,
to reduce overcrowding or to give the surplus to a neighbor. There is no annual charge for replanting.

With the hardy flowers may be appropriately planted tender flowers from the greenhouse or bedding
plants, such as Geraniums, Begonias; annual flowers from seed, such as Asters, Balsam, Morning-Glory,
Marigold, Nasturtium, Pansy, Poppy, Portulaca, Sweet Peas; and bulbs, as Hyacinth, Tulip, and Crocus.
There are also a number of shrubs that are appropriate in the flower garden: Azalea, Japanese Maple,
Boxwood, Laurel, Rhododendrons, Roses and evergreens, as Red Cedar, Yew, Retinospora and Arborvitae.

Another use, not often thought of for hardy garden flowers, is to plant them among groups of shrubs
and trees, adding color and interest during the dull season of summer and early autumn. Flowers useful
for this purpose are usually the tall-growing varieties that exhibit their flowers above the foliage of the
shrubs, such as Aster, Asclepias, Cassia, Helenium, Helianthus, Hibiscus, Hollyhock, Iris, Lily, Miscanthus,
or Eulalia Grass, Golden Glow, Yucca, and many others.

Cover planting is a form of landscape gardening in its infancy. Planters have yet to realize its perennial
economy and beauty, especially on areas difficult to keep in good grass. For such purpose, we offer in quan-
tity at low rates, Iris cristata, Phlox subulata, Sedum, Vinca, Yucca, etc.

We have followed the system of botanical names in this department and have cross-indexed with the
common names.

ACHILLEA. A low plant, growing about r K feet
high, with branching clusters of little white
buttons like the Bridal Wreath, which can be
picked almost any time in the summer to add to
bouquets the same as Baby's Breath.

AGROSTEMMA. See Lychnis.

ALTHAEA rosea. Hollyhock. The single Holly-
hocks are the most stately and have the strongest
hold on the affections. They are not generally
offered. Four years ago we gathered a large quan-
tity of seed from an old garden and now we offer
them in strong plants, at a low price and in quan-

82 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy Garden Tlolvers

Althaea rosea, continued

tity sufficient to plant in large groups, in borders,
around the outside of flower-gardens, or against
buildings. They are in various colors — mixed,
carmine, maroon, pink, yellow, salmon, white and
intermediate shades.

Double. Pink, Maroon, White, Yellow, Red.

ALYSSUM saxatile compactum. Golden Tuft.
A mass of bright golden yellow very early in
the spring, giving one of the sunniest touches to
the garden. It grows less than I foot high, and
is best used as a border or to hang over rocks,
for it likes a dry situation.

AMSONIA tabernaemontana. This is a sturdy
plant, growing about 2 feet high, with flat clus-
ters of pale~ la vender-blue flowers in June. It may
be properly used in the shrubbery.

ANEMONE Japonica alba. Japanese Wind-
flower. To our minds the most chaste flower of
late autumn, having the beauty of the Madonna
Lily. Commencing in August it continues till
severe frost. The flowers are borne on long, up-
right stems, about 2 feet high. It is one of the
most beautiful flowers for house decoration. This
plant is benefited by slight mulching for winter.

A. Japonica, var. " Queen Charlotte." Semi-
double flowers of the silvery pink shade of the
La France Rose.

A. Japonica, var. " Whirlwind." Large, semi-
double pure white flowers.

A. Pennsylvanica. This is smaller than the
Japanese Anemones and blooms from June to

The Single Hollyhock, like the old-fashioned Lilac, has stronger hold on the
affections than the Double. Long rows can border the garden

Anemone Pennsylvania, continued

midsummer. The large pure white flowers are
about I % inches in diameter and are borne on a
long stem.

ANTHEMIS tinctoria. Marguerite. One of the
numerous family of composite, with yellow,
daisy-like flowers blooming from June throughout
the summer. It is about 15 inches high and has
a dense mass of handsome foliage. It can be used
on dry banks.

AQUILEGIA. Columbine. The Columbines are
old-time garden favorites, without which no
garden is well equipped. The colors range through
blue, yellow, orange and white. They are most
showy during the spring, and early summer but
the scattering blooms continue throughout the
season. Their chief charm is in the long, graceful
spurs, tipped with a drop of honey.

A. chrysantha. Golden Columbine. Flowers

golden yellow, with long spurs.
A. coerulea. Rocky Mountain Columbine. One

of the most beautiful hardy plants; long-spurred,

blue and white flowers.
A. glandulosa. Deep blue and pure white.

ARABIS alpina. Alpine Rock-Cress. Similar to
the Alyssum, but with pure white flowers from
early spring till summer.

ARMERIA plantaginea. Thrift. The sod-like
habit of this plant makes it useful for borders,
rockwork, or the foreground of taller plants.
It is native to the seashore and, therefore, we
recommend it to our numerous
customers who are attempting to
make gardens and lawns near the
shore. The little tufts of foliage
remain green all winter, making
it doubly valuable for bordering
flowerbeds. The flowers are little,
rosy pink heads about 8 in. high.

ARTEMISIA Abrotanum. South-
ernwood; Old Man. A foliage
plant of gray-green color and a
bitter aromatic odor.

ASCLEPIAS tuberosa. Butterfly
Weed. Occasionally growing in
sandy soil of Long Island is seen
a mass of glowing orange flowers
in the hottest period of mid-
summer. This is so pure and bril-
liant a color that it seems strange
that it does not become popular
in landscape planting, for it is as
well fitted to planting in front of
shrubbery and Pine groves as to
the flower-garden. Perhaps one
reason is that its deep-penetrating
drought-resisting roots do not
make it as easy to handle in the
nursery as surface-rooting flow-
ers. Some one can create a bril-
liant effect on sterile soil or near
the sea without any expenditure
for improving the soil. It grows
about 2 feet high.

ASTILBE Japonica. Spiraa Ja-
ponica. A feathery white blos-
som about 2 feet high, useful as a
cut-flower except that the rose-
bugs are very fond of it. It is
frequently forced for Easter,

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy Garden Tlolvers 83

ASTER. The hardy Asters, native to roadsides
and abandoned fields, vie with the Goldenrods in
illuminating our autumn landscape. Their abun-
dance and beauty in a wild state have prevented
the extensive garden use of them as in England
where many named varieties are grown. They
can be planted in the larger beds of a flower-
garden, among the shrubbery, and in wild gardens

A. Novae-Anglise. The New England Aster is
most abundant on the north side of Long Island,
as about Port Washington and Glenhead. It
grows about 2% feet high. The large deep blue
flowers appear in September.

A. Tataricus. A species we imported from Asia,
. which we consider one of the best late-blooming
flowers. After the frost has killed most garden
flowers in October, great sheaves of this and
Helianthus Maxmiliana can be cut and put in
umbrella stands for house decoration. The flow-
ers are a clear azure-blue.

BAPTISIA australis. Blue Wild Indigo. A plant
useful for its rounded mass of foliage about 3 feet
high. It has spikes of blue, Lupin-like flowers in
mid-summer. With its deep root system, leathery-
leaves and ability to gather nitrogen from the air,
it should be useful in dry, sterile soils.

BEE BALM. See Monarda.

BELLIS perennis. English Daisy. This is as
much the children's favorite as the first Violets
and Forget-me-nots. The cheerful pink and
white blossoms appear in April and continue
throughout the season, especially in cool autumn
weather. They should be used as edging along
garden walks and in the children's garden.

The Bride. A magnificent, free-flowering,
pure white variety, with flowers on long
stems, making it ot value for cutting.
Longfellow. Large, double, pink flowers.

BETONICA. See Stachys.

BLANKET FLOWER. See Gaillardia.

BLEEDING HEART. See Dicentra.

BUTTERCUP. See Ranunculus.

CACTUS, opuntia vulgaris. The prickly pear
grows in the bottom of the driest valleys at
Meadow Brook on the Hempstead Plains where
the soil is a coarse gravel. It also grows on the
beach at Eaton's Neck. A novel use of it was
made in the garden of Mr. Stanley Mortimer, at
Roslyn, L. I. A terrace bank was held nearly
vertical by wire netting, and this Cactus covers
it with golden blossoms about 3 in. in diam.,
followed by the red pear-like, edible fruits.

CAMPANULA. Canterbury Bell. This is a class
of stately garden plants with beautiful spikes of
blue or white bells ; suitable for cut-flowers. The
Platycodon was formerly named Campanula and
belongs with these in the flower-garden.

C. persicifolia grandiflora. Undoubtedly one
of the handsomest of the Bellflowers. It grows
2 to 3 feet high, with large, blue or white flowers.

C. persicifolia gigantea Moerheimi. A new
variety, with large, white flowers 2 inches in
diameter, blooming during the summer.

C. carpatica. A low plant, suitable for edgings,
with beautifuf blue bells like the Blue Bells of
Scotland, blooming throughout the summer.

CENTAUREA macrocephala. A sturdy plant, I l/*
feet high, of neat habit, with large, golden yellow,
thistle-like flowers, useful for cutting and decora-
tive in the flower-garden or shrubbery border.

Aquilegia ccerulea, the long-spurred Rocky Mountain Col-
umbine, possesses graceful dignity and exquisite coloring

CERASTIUM tomentosum. This is called " Snow
in Summer," for it makes a low mat of silvery
white foliage, covered with numerous white
flowers. It may be used as a border or on banks
in the same manner as Moss Pink.

CHRYSANTHEMUM. The Chrysanthemums are
the most available plants for decorating the gar-
den after frost. We have tested many of the
Pompon varieties, and have selected this list
•as giving the best series of color in the hardy
sorts. They are, of course, not as large as the
greenhouse varieties, but they are always favor-
ites with garden lovers. They will live in any
situation, but the best flowers will be produced
if in a slightly sheltered position at the time of
blooming, as on the south side of a building or
hedge. It is noticeable that the best Chrys-
anthemums appear along the shores of Long
Island where the water keeps off the early autumn
frosts.

Eagle d'Or. A beautiful golden yellow that is
a favorite with every one. One of the most
showy flower effects in Newport is a long
row of yellow Chrysanthemums in front of
a dark hedge.

Princess of Wales. The best white variety.
Anna Mary. Cream-white flowers.
Princess Louise. A fine bronze-colored

variety.

Julia Lagravere. A very fine rich garnet.
Rhoda. Delicate apple-blossom pink.
St. Illoria. Silver-pink.

84 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy Garden Tlolvers

Hardy Pompon Chrysanthemums. We have selected a
good variety to represent each color

Chrysanthemum, Small Golden Button. The

latest and hardiest variety, continuing during
December. The distinct, solid foliage, which
holds exceptionally late, makes it particularly
valuable for edging beds of shrubs.

C. maximum, " Triumph." A plant about 2%
feet high, with white, daisy-like flowers from June
until October.

C., Shasta Daisy. One of Luther Burbank's
productions which, in this climate, has not come
up to its description. It has large, pure white
flowers nearly 4 inches in diameter.

CLEMATIS Davidiaiia. A shrub-like plant about
4 feet high, bearing fragrant blue flowers resem-
bling Hyacinths. August and September.

C. recta. Upright Virgin's Bower. This grows 2 to
3 feet high, has dense panicles of small white
flowers, like the Clematis paniculata. We recom-
mend it for the rear of flower borders, for planting
among shrubs and for cut-flowers.

CONVALLARIA. Lily-of-the-Valley. A horti-
cultural fact that is well known is that Lily-of-the-
Valley will grow in the shade. It can be used as a
carpet under evergreen trees and shrubs, and in
the shady corners next to buildings. We grow it in
large quantities and the plants can be divided
and replanted as they crowd, and so cover a
large area.

COREOPSIS. A favorite among the numerous
yellow, daisy-like flowers. It blooms so profusely
and continuously that a bowl full of long-stemmed
graceful flowers can be cut at any time from June
until the end of summer. It has not the clumsy
sunflower-like or weedy appearance of some of
this family.

COWSLIP. See Primula.
DAFFODILS. See Narcissus.

DAISY. See Bellis and Rudbeckia.

DAY LILY. See Funkia and Hemerocallis.

DELPHINIUM. Larkspur. These tall, blue spikes
are among the most beautiful and useful hardy
flowers.

D. formosum. Indigo-blue. The old-fashioned
sort. Has a continuous succession of flower-
spikes. 4 feet.

D. grandiflorum, var. Chinese. A low-growing
variety, with fern-like foliage and deep blue
flowers from June to August.

D., Kelway's Hybrids. A very fine range of colors,
in tall, vigorous spikes. 5 to 7 feet.

DESMODIUM. See Lespedeza.

DIANTHUS. Pink. We have a large collection of
the various Pinks. They represent in the garden
the Carnation of the greenhouse. They like a dry,
sunny position in the garden where their sod-like
foliage makes an excellent border for paths.

D., June Pink. Double, white. This is the old-
fashioned sort, with clove-scented flowers of pure
white color. Large mats of it should be in the
flower-garden or on sandy banks.

D., Homer. Rich rosy red, with dark center.

D. delicata. A soft delicate rose, finely fringed.

D. plumarius. Double and single hardy garden
Pinks in a variety of colors.

D. Chinensis. China Pinks. This and the follow-
ing varieties are raised from seeds and bloom the
same year and the next, being usually classed as
annuals or biennials. We take especial care to
grow only the finest, richest sorts, such as Fire-
ball, which has double globular blood-red flow-
ers, and Crimson Belle, the large single rich crim-
son flowers, as these are very rich for bedding
purposes.

Dianthus Chinensis and D. Heddewigii. The Chinese
and Japanese Pinks are similar in habit and in colors —
rich crimson-maroon, brilliant reds, clear pinks and white.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Hardy Garden Tlolvers 85

Dianthus Heddewigii nobilis. Single Japan Pink.
The colors of this variety are in very rich shades
from white to dark red, the petals are twisted
and undulated. They give a brilliant show for a
long season from early spring to autumn and are
excellent for cut-flowers.

D. barbatus. Sweet William. The Sweet Williams
give as brilliant a mass of color as any plant in
their season. We grow them in large quantities
and offer them at low rates so they can be used
to give a brilliant show in new gardens. We offer
them in separate pure shades of the deepest
crimson, and in pure white, for mass planting, as
well as in varying shades from white through pink
to deep, dark red. They grow about 15 inches
high with long stems for cutting and bloom in a
solid mass in June with scattering blossoms
throughout the summer.
Pure White. Specially selected stock for mass

planting.
Rich Deep Crimson. A bed of this color makes

a most gorgeous display during the blooming

period.

DICENTRA spectabilis. Bleeding Heart. The
Bleeding Heart had as prominent a place in our
grandmother's garden as the Peony and the Rose.
The graceful, arching stems push up rapidly and
bloom while early spring garden work is in prog-
ress. The plant dies down in June and the space
can be occupied with annuals like Verbena, or
carpeted with Moss Pink. The flowers are the
delight of children for making bunny rabbits,
slippers, and other playthings.

D. eximia. This is a comparatively new plant
that we recommend highly. The foliage is

Foxglove planted in a vista looking into dark woods.
There are many similar places on Long Island where it can
be most appropriately used. It grows wild in such places in
England and can be readily naturalized here.

Sweet IVilliafn bordering grass path. It blooms for a long
period and should be used in new and bare places

Dicentra eximia, continued

as useful all summer as Maidenhair Fern for
making up bouquets. The clusters of pink flowers
are so abundant in May as to make a solid mass
of color for a large group or border, and they
continue throughout the summer. It is a dainty
plant for the wild garden or the Rhododendron
bed, yet it will thrive in the open.

DICTAMNUS fraxinella. Gas Plant. This sturdy
plant has a spike of white or pink flowers in June
and July. It gives off a pungent, fragrant, vola-
tile oil which will burn.

DIGITALIS purpurea. Foxglove. The dignified
and stately Foxgloves are indispensable in a
flower-garden and are equally so in a shrubbery
border and for house decorations, especially the
pure white, which we grow in quantity. In June
the tall flower-spikes appear and they will con-
tinue later if the seed-stalks are cut down. The
color ranges from white to rose and purple and
the height varies from 2 to 5 feet. The stems are
strong and require no stakes to hold them up.

D., Pure White. Selected varieties from our stock
which make a beautiful display.

DORONICUM platagineum excelsum. While
yellow daisies may be a drug on the market in
August, this one is welcome in April. It shoots up
rapidly and bears a graceful lemon-yellow flower
about 3 inches in diameter, with long, taper-
pointed petals. It is not weedy in its habits.

EUPATORITJM coelestinum. Hardy Ageratum.
This is an even sheet of light blue in August and
September, and is useful as a border or in wild
gardening.

FUNKIA. Day Lily. Plantain Lily. The Day Lily
family are all plants of neat habit, making a
symmetrical crown of foliage that is so uniform
in shape as to be useful for formal gardening.
The plant keeps so accurately its own position
that it may be used as a border for the taller
shrubs and flowers, and the variegated variety is
occasionally used for that purpose.

86 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy Garden Tlolvers

ovata. This has a handsome mound of glossy
leaves with the tall flowers shown in the illustration, through
a long period of summer.

Funkia ovata. This has spikes of blue bells about

2 feet high.
F. lancifolia. Narrow green leaves and lavender

flowers.
F. lancifolia, var. variegata. Flowers like the

last, but foliage distinctly variegated with yellow

and white.

F. subcordata grandiflora. This is as beautiful
as the Madonna Lily, and much easier to grow.
Stock of it is rather low among nurseries and we
advise a good quantity of it to be put in gardens
while there is an opportunity. The flowers are
about 5 inches long, pure porcelain-white,
graceful in outline and delicate in perfume

like the Lilium longiflorum, or Easter Lily.
It flowers in June and July. Useful plant
fora shady corner next the house or on the
lawn, wherever Rhododendrons thrive.

GAILLARDIA grandiflora. Blanket Flower
Large, showy, daisy-like flowers, banded
with orange and rich red. In bloom all
summer and so useful for cut-flowers that
no garden can afford to be without it.

GENTIAN A Andrews!!. Closed Gentian.
Celestial-blue flowers that are worthy the
highest admiration. Native along brooks
on Long Island, i foot high. September.

GYPSOPHILA paniculata. Baby's
Breath. A fine white spray to give a halo
of white around a bouquet of other flowers.
It grows about 2 feet high and blooms in
August and September.

G. repens. A low plant about 6 inches high,
with pretty little pink flowers, and suitable
for borders or dry places.

HABENARIA ciliaris. A fringed orchid
that grows on the Hempstead Plains. It
has showy spikes of orange flowers in July.

HELENIUM autumnale superbum. Sneeze-
weed. A tall yellow composite, blooming late in
the summer, decorative and neat.

HELIANTHUS Maximiliana. Maximiliana's
Sunflower. The latest and showiest tall flower.
After several hard frosts have killed off nearly
everything but the Witch Hazel and Chrysan-
themum, this will hold aloft its golden banner as
high as a field of corn. With the name Sunflower,
we think of a clumsy, weedy plant. It is a grace-
ful flower of taper-pointed petals about 4 inches
wide, as beautiful when cut with short stems
as when its arching stems reach to the ceiling of
an entrance hall furnished in dark shades. As
it solves three problems: flowers for the garden,
shrubbery, and the house at the end of the season,
it should become widely planted.

H. mollis. Hoary Sunflower. A sturdy, upright
plant about 4 feet high, with silvery white foliage
Flowers lemon-yellow in August and September.

HELIOPSIS laevis, var. Pitcheriana. A com-
posite like the last, growing about 3 feet high,
with deep orange-yellow flowers about 3 inches
in diameter. It blooms earlier than most of its
class in June.

HEMEROCALLIS. Yellow Day Lily.

H. fulva. Tawny Day Lily. About abandoned
houses and about roadsides where garden rubbish
has been dumped years ago, is a tall, tawny
yellow Lily, which we have seen successfully used
to hold steep banks above sea walls. Its vigor
and persistence shows a commendable quality.
The following are improved forms of excellent
garden value and with long stems as cut-flowers.

H. Florham. A new variety, originated from
hybrids made by Mr. Herrington, gardener to
Mr. H. McK. Twombly. They have very large,
golden yellow, sweet-scented flowers during June
and July.

H. Dumortieri. A Japanese variety with deep
orange-yellow flowers, bronzed on the outside.
It grows about il/4 feet high.

H. flava. Yellow Day Lily. Clusters of deep yellow
flowers about 4 feet high.

White

Day Lily, Funkia subcordata grandiflora, as it grows in
the open garden. It is a chaste flower.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Hardy Garden Tlolvers 87

Hemerocallis, or Yellow Day Lily, on edge of pond.
One way by which the mosquito problem may be solved on
Long Island, where the small stagnant ponds occur on the
hills. These ponds were formed by the melting of masses
of ice in the terminal moraine, letting the surface drop down
to form a basin. Mosquitoes breed along the shallow edges
of such ponds unless the edges are kept steep and smooth by
grading or wall, so the fish can eat the mosquito larvae.
This is one of the methods recommended by the report of
the North Shore Improvement Association on Plans for the
Extermination of Mosquitoes on the North Shore of Long
Island between Hempstead Harbor and Cold Spring Har-
bor, which may be obtained of the Secretary, Mr. Wilmot
T. Cox, 34 Pine Street, New York. Walls of this kind or
concrete maintain a definite edge and abolish the unsightly
and gradually widening strip of mud and weeds as the ponds
dry up in summer.

Hemerocallis flava, var. flore pleno. Double
Orange Day Lily. Large double yellow flowers,
shaded with copper. Of value in gardens and in
shrub plantations or waterside gardens where
there is room for a big, showy plant.

HIBISCUS Moscheutos. Marsh Mallow; Rose
Mallow. Along the edges of the salt marshes
this has the largest wild flowers of this region, —
big, Hollyhock-like blossoms, 6 inches across,
of cerise-pink, with a crimson or white center.
It thrives perfectly in the garden or among shrubs
and does not suffer from drought. It is a sturdy,
bush-like plant, about 4 feet high. We offer, at
low rates, plants for wild garden, seaside planting,
or the other uses mentioned.

HEUCHERA sanguinea. Alum Root. A dainty
little plant, with spikes of coral-red bells about
the size of the Lily-of-the- Valley.

HOLLYHOCK. See Althaa rosea.

IRIS. Few lovers of flowers realize the beauty and
variety and the extended season of bloom of this
extensive family. Early in May, as the Daffodils
are passing, the Iris cristata spreads a carpet
of sky-blue stars; a week later the Iris pumila

Iris, continued

hybrids make a bold display. Then come the
German Iris in May, followed by the Siberian
in early June. The closing act is the most bril-
liant— the Japanese in early July. All are worthy
of a place. All the Iris are hardy and have no bad
habits. They thrive in gardens or on the borders
of aquatic gardens.

S, standards or upright petals ; F, falls or
lower petals.

I. Germanica. German Iris, or Flag. Fleur-de-
Lis. These sturdy plants grow about 2% feet
high, and bear several flowers on a cluster which
open a few days apart so that they last for a week
as cut-flowers.

Black Prince. Early; large flower. Deep

royal purple. 2 feet.

Florentina. Orris Root. Silvery white flow-
ers a little earlier than the others of its class.
It is so distinct from the blues that it should
be added to gardens that do not have it.
Madame Chereau. Pearly white, with edges
delicately feathered azure-blue. A charming
variety.

The old-fashioned, early, deep

Old Purple.

purple.
Othello. S.
Spectabilis.

in May.
Walneri. S.

Clear purple. F. Royal purple.
Deep velvety blue. The earliest

Light blue. F. Light purple,
veined. Under this name we offer the light
blue variety and have grown it in large quan-
tities, and offer at a rate that should lead to
its lavish use as a cover plant in shrubberies
and around ponds and streams.

No. 1. S. Old-gold. F. Rich, royal-purple.

No. 2. S. Bright golden yellow. F. Heavily
veined red-brown.

No. 3. S. Bronze. F. Bronzy purple.

No. 4. Smoke-color.
I. Pseudo-acorus. Golden yellow and cream .

German Iris in the garden of Mrs. Robert L. Stevens,
Westbury, L. I. Every few steps the path discloses a new
and delightful scene or surprises one with some beautiful and
rare flower. Daniel Langton, Landscape Architect.

88 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Hardy Qarden Tlolvers

yft

Siberian Iris with its pure navy-blue color can be exten-
sively planted in damp or dry ground

Iris Kaempferi. Japanese Iris. This most beautiful
class is found in but few gardens. They are the
largest hardy flower of their season, often 8 inches
in diameter. The colors are pure and delicate,
and the culture of the easiest. They bloom after
all the other Iris and before the Phlox. They are
particularly appropriate for naturalizing in moist
ground, although thriving well in ordinary garden
soil. The colors include pure white, deep blue,
dark purple, pink-lavender, lilac, maroon, and
many rich combinations.

I. Sibirica. Siberian Iris. Intermediate in season
between the German and Japanese, it blooms
in June with a solid sheet of purest and deepest
blue. The flowers are like the German, but more
slender and much more numerous, so that a
group^looks like a deep blue rug. We offer it in
quantity, at low rates, permitting its use along
salt marshes, streams, in groups of shrubs on
upland and in gardens. Its pure color permits
it to harmonize with its surroundings, both in
and out of the garden.

I. cristata. This differs from all other Iris in height
and earliness, and is better classed with the
Crocus, Pansy, and English Daisy. It opens its
blue stars close to the ground in early May. It
can be used for naturalizing in the grass, for
garden borders, and spring bedding and carpeting
at the edge of groups of shrubs. We offer it so
cheaply that it can be used in quantity.

I. pumila hybrida. These are a valuable recent
addition to the garden. They resemble the Ger-
man Iris, but are much earlier, being among the
most conspicuous and beautiful garden flowers
of early May. Very good for bordering. 9 inches.
We recommend them highly and offer strong
plants.

I. Cyanea. Darkest blue. A regal flower, sure to
be admired.

I. Eburna. Pure white, with creamy shadings.

I. ilorida. Sulphur-yellow.

KNIPHOFIA Pfitzerii. Flame-flower. Red-hot-
poker Plant. As certain to attract attention as
any flower in the garden. It is a spike of rich
orange-scarlet, over 12 inches long, on a tall,
bare stem 3 feet high. It blooms so continuously
from August to November as to make it almost
indispensable. Native of South Africa. It is
safer to mulch it in winter.

LATHYRUS latifplia. Hardy Sweet Pea. A vig-
orous, healthy vine, growing about 5 feet high,
or clambering over shrubs and bearing clusters
of rose-colored or white flowers the size of the
Sweet Pea. Grows on very sterile soil and can be
used for wild gardening and in the flower-garden.

LESPEDEZA Sieboldi; syn., Desmodium pen-
duliflorum. A shrub-like plant about 3 feet
high, densely covered with gracefully curving
sprays of magenta-pink pea-shaped flowers in
early September.

LIATEIS pycnostachya. Kansas Gay Feather.
A showy garden plant with spikes 5 to 7 feet high
of light rosy purple flowers. In August and Sep-
tember it attracts much attention from those
passing our Nursery.

LILITJM candidum. Annunciation Lily; Madonna
Lily. This thrives well in the garden or in beds
of Rhododendrons. It is best planted in August
or September, as it makes an autumn growth.

L. umbellatum. This blooms in June. The color
is bright red with black spots.

L. speciosum roseum. These are hardy and easy
to grow. The flowers are very beautifully shaded
with red on a white ground. They are about 8
inches in diameter and appear in midsummer.

L. speciosum album. A white variety.

Iris cristata in rock-garden. It is equally good as a bor-
der or naturalized in the grass where it will take care of
itself like the violets.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.- Hardy Garden flowers

89

Lilium tigrinum. Tiger Lily. This is one of the
most vigorous of the family and well able to
maintain itself in the garden or along roadsides.
It grows 3 or 4 feet high and is propagated from
the little black bulblets at the base of the leaves.
The color is an orange-yellow, spotted with black.

LYCHNIS viscaria fl. pi. Ragged Robin. Double
red. Makes the most brilliant bed in the garden
in its season. The flowers are so dense as to make
a solid mass for several weeks in June. The plant
and flower resembles the June Pink in form. It
has long, dense-flowered spikes of rich, deep rose-
red, very double flowers of pleasant fragrance.

L. Chalcedonica. Lamp Flower; London Pride
Orange-scarlet of great brilliance. No other
hardy plant of our acquaintance approaches it
in the fiery brilliance of this color. It is about 2
feet high and blooms all summer.

L. Haageana. The colors range from that of the
last to crimson. The flowers are larger and lower.

LUPINUS macrocephala. A showy perennial
with an upright spike of blue pea-shaped flowers
like the Wistaria. It is about i>^ feet high, with
leaflets radiating like a wheel and will thrive in
dry soil.

LAVANDTJLA vera. Lavender. The fragrance of
the gray-lavender foliage brings pleasant asso-
ciations to the mind. It will thrive if protected
with mulch in the winter.

MENTHA piperita. Common Peppermint. If in
the garden it is ready for mint sauce.

Poet's Narcissus in the grass. This is possible on almost
any lawn. The yellow Daffodils will come two weeks
earlier in April.

Lychnis viscaria florc plena, showing its even and solid
display of color

MONARDA didyma. Oswego Tea; Bee Balm.
The flowers are bright scarlet and so abundant
as to make the most brilliant corner of the garden.
The humming-birds fly back and forth in ecstacy
over it. The flowers appear in June and continue
all summer. The foliage has a pleasant, mint-like
fragrance. We recommend it highly for garden
and shrub border.

MONTBRETIA Crocosmiseflora. A summer-
flowering bulb, with a slender spike of golden
orange flowers in midsummer. It should be
scattered in groups between other flowers where
it takes up little room.

MYOSOTIS palustris semperflorens. Forget-
me-not. Blooms freely in early spring and con-
tinues half the summer.

NARCISSUS. The charm of many old gardens
and the touch, of beauty in many cottage door-
yards is given by the clumps of Daffodils and
Narcissus that bloom in early spring. Many hesi-
tate to plant these in quantity because of the
expense of planting large quantities of the im-
ported bulbs, and also because the admiration
for them is in spring, and the time to plant is in
autumn. We have collected a quantity of bulbs
from old farm-yards where they have been grow-
ing for many years and, therefore, there is no
question of their hardiness and ability to with-
stand all the different rodents and insects and
fungi that scare the timid planter. The main
thing is to get the bulbs in the ground and the
simplest way is to order a thousand, which may
be delivered from August till midwinter, and
plant them in groups of twenty or more, 6 inches
apart in the flower-garden or in belts of a thou-
sand at the border of a shrubbery or in the grass
where the lawn mower will not cut them until
after their growth in May. There are many
points where the grass need not be cut in May,
as along the house foundations, or at the border

90 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Hardy Qarden Tlolvers

Narcissus, continued

of the woodland, where these plants will go on
increasing year after year with no trouble at all.
Our stock includes the large single yellow Daffodil
and the double yellow Daffodil.

N. poeticus. Poets' Narcissus. These are the
ivory-white flowers with carmine-tipped cups
that bloom in early May after the Daffodils have
passed. They thrive and multiply and in old
gardens hereabouts there are wide borders of
them that must have been planted nearly half
a century ago.

(ENOTHERA Missouriensis. Sometimes the
question is asked how to make the garden attrac-
tive in the evening. These will open just at night-
fall, their large, almost luminous sulphur-yellow
blossoms about 5 inches across, to attract the
night-flying insects. It is a low, trailing plant.

P^EONIA Sinensis. There has been a recent
enthusiasm for the Peony which is based on its
permanent merits of vigorous growth, hardiness
and showy flowers. They grow 2 to 3 feet high,
and equally broad, forming a shrub-like mass of
foliage, maintained in good condition throughout
the season. The flowers are large and showy,
borne on long stems, making them excellent for
cutting. The Peony is equally appropriate in
the garden, among shrubs, against the founda-
tions of a house, or in a bed on the lawn. Our col-

Moss Pink, Phlox subulata. This picture does not show
the most beautiful design with Moss Pink and Rhododen-
drons, but it shows its ability to hold steep dry banks better
than grass.

Paeoiiia Sinensis, continued

lection includes a range of colors from white
through various shades of cream and pink to
dark red. The plants are large and well estab-
blished and will give good results. If needed
for planting in May, they can be taken up with
a ball of earth. Autumn or early spring planting
is preferable.

P. officinalis. This is the true old-fashioned
Peony that was used in colonial days for dyeing
wool and decorating our grandmothers' gardens
with their brilliant crimson flowers. It blooms
about two weeks earlier than the other Peonies
and differs from them in foliage, as it dies down
in midsummer and, therefore, should be planted
in the flower-garden where other plants will
occupy the space later.

P. rubrum. Brilliant, glowing, deep crimson.

P. roseum. Bright, clear pink.

P. alba. Blush-white.

PAPAVER orientate. Oriental Poppy. This
flaunts its showy flower more conspicuously than
any other hardy garden flower. It is a big, floppy
flower about 8 inches in diameter, on a stem 3 feet
high. It makes a gorgeous effect in the garden.

P. nudicaule. Iceland Poppy. A dainty little
plant, with delicate white, yellow and orange-
scarlet flowers in early spring and throughout the
summer. It is a perennial as pretty as the Shirley
Poppy, but with colors not found in the annual
Poppies.

PENTSTEMON barbatus, var. Torreyi. This
very valuable garden plant has been overlooked.
It is showy in mass and excellent as a cut-flower
because of its long, and graceful stems The flow-
ers are a brilliant scarlet without admixture of
other shades. They are little Foxglove-like
trumpets borne on slender, nodding stems about
4 feet high from June till August.

PHLOX decussata. Among the many varieties
offered, we have selected the following as repre-
senting a good example of each color. Their cul-
ture is of the simplest. Some ask why a collec-
tion apparently reverts to the magenta-pink
colors after a few years. This is because seedlings
come up between the others. This can be easily
prevented.

Bridesmaid. Pure white, with crimson center.
Coquelicot. Pure scarlet, carmine eye. The

finest red yet known.

Eclaireur. Purplish crimson, with white halo.
Pantheon. Salmon-rose; late.
Pink Beauty. Pale pink; enormous panicles.

Mid-season.

Queen. Large, pure white; late.
Fiancee. Pure white, large panicles; mid-
season.
General Chanzy. Scarlet-pink ; fine.

P. suffruticosa, Miss Lingard. This blooms
about six weeks earlier than the others, commenc-
ing in May and continuing throughout the sum-
mer." The foliage differs in being glossy and
pointed. The flowers form an upright panicle of
white, with a delicate pink eye, and are very showy
for bedding or as cut-flowers. They should be
in every garden.

P. suffruticosa, Lemoine. A pure white form;
very valuable.

P. subulata. Moss Pink. Economically, this is
cheaper than grass on dry terrace banks, road
banks, gravelly hillsides, tops of walls and ledges,
for it is native to the latter position in this state.
We have sold many thousands for these purposes,

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy Garden Tlolvers 91

Phlox subulata, continued

and they have been permanently satisfactory.
They need only to be planted about i foot apart,
more or less, and they will spread and cover
the ground completely, excluding weeds, especially
in dry situations. People are so accustomed to
think of grass, Privet hedge, Norway Maples and
Geraniums as the principal plant materials of
landscape gardening that the introduction of
cover planting makes slow headway. Has no bad
habits, stays where it is put and does not make
a weed by spreading where it is not wanted.

We are occasionally asked if there is not some
plant that will make a lawn and not require
cutting. This is the best for dry, sunny situations,
and Myrtle for shady, moist situations. In the
Italian garden on the estate of Mr. Stanley
Mortimer, Roslyn, L. I., there are several acres
of cover planting and no grass. The Phlox subu-
lata is used on the sloping terraces. No top soil
was used to prepare them for planting. In May
the broad sheets of white and red and pink can
be seen from Meadow Brook, a distance of 5 miles.
In September it blooms again, but not so pro-
fusely. The first cost need not deter any one
from planting it because every little piece will
grow and a little patch this year will supply
twenty times the area next year. It can be planted
at any time of the year, even when in full bloom,
or in the dry season of August and September.
Besides the species which is purplish pink in
color, there are several varieties:

Alba. Pure white. Useful for edging garden
beds and mixing with the other varieties.
Lilacina. A lilac-blue in color.
Dark Red. A beautiful variety, of a distinctly

different shade. .
Pink. An excellent pink variety.

PHYSOSTEGIA Virginica. False Dragon Head.
A rare and beautiful flower which compels ad-
miration both in the garden and as a cut-flower.,
It blooms during July, August and September.
It grows about 2% feet high. The color is a deli-
cate shade of pink as sometimes seen in heather
blossoms. We advise its general use.

P. Virginica, var. alba. Flowers pure white, of a
very delicate beauty.

PLATYCODOX grandiflorum. Chinese Bell
flower. It has big blue and white flowers like
the Canterbury Bell all summer. The balloon-
shaped buds are also interesting.

POLYGON ATUM giganteum. Solomon's Seal.
Some call this a giant Lily-of-the- Valley. It has
graceful, arching stems about 2% feet high, bear-
ing pairs of leaves and drooping bells at each axil.
It makes graceful clumps in a flower-garden and
is still more harmonious with tall ferns.

PRIMULA veris. English Cowslip. These are
beautiful early spring-blooming plants, with
yellow, orange and maroon flowers. They are
welcome additions to any garden, and may be
planted in nooks between the grass and shrubs
where they will give a smiling response to the
spring sunshine.

P. vulgaris. .English Primrose. Low-growing,
tufted plants, with bright yellow, fragrant flow-
ers early in spring. About 6 inches high.

PYRETHRUM rpseum. These have flowers like
the annual China Asters, but they appear in
May and early June and continue throughout
the summer. The foliage is low, neat and fern-
like, and the flowers are on long, slender stems,
about I foot high. The colors are white, pink
and deep red, single, semi-double and double.

RANUNCULUS acris flore pleno. Double But-
tercup. This is the same as the weed growing in
damp pastures, only its weedy character is elimi-
nated, as it produces no seed, and the very double,
shining, golden yellow flowers are so numerous as
to make a solid bed of color in May and June. It
grows about 2% feet high and is worthy of place
in the flower-garden, the wild garden and the
children's garden.

RUDBECEIA laciniata, " Golden Glow." This
almost rivaled the Privet in its sudden distribu-
tion after its discovery among some wild plants
in the West. However, some dislike it because it
looks ragged when going out of bloom. Cut it
off and a new growth comes on with a later set of
flowers. It may be used among shrubbery, which
helps hold up its tall stems. It forms a quick
hedge that can enclose a flower-garden or screen
unsightly objects and is, therefore, to be com-
mended for rented property, where the garden
is for one or two seasons only.

R. triloba. One of the best yellow Daisies or
"Black-eyed Susans" which does not have a
weedy appearance. It makes a compact, round
bush, about 2 feet high, evenly covered with
yellow flowers of moderate size, which continue
in bloom for over a month.

R. purpurea. Giant Purple Cone-Flower. A large
sturdy flower of peculiar reddish purple color,
suitable for the background in flower-gardens or
the wild garden.

SALVIA azurea, var. grandiflora. Meadow Sage.
Like the Gentian, this has the shade of blue that
is all too rare in gardens, and every opportunity
should be taken to keep up a continuous supplv
of the blue flowers. This blooms in August and
September until hard frost. It is about 2 feet
high, with a slender open panicle.

SAGINA. This makes a sheet of emerald moss,
carpeting the ground like a deep-piled velvet.
It always calls out admiration but it is amusing
to know that few buy it. There has not yet de-
veloped in this country as in England, a taste for
alpine gardens, where small plants are admired.

SEDUM acre. On rock ledges or walls this thrives
perfectly and delights in the drought. It will run
through the grass on gravelly banks, and make
a thicker bottom to prevent washing, and yet
it will not make a weed. The starry yellow flowers
make a brilliant show in early summer.

S. album. A white-flowered species, growing about
6 inches high, which makes a solid mat of foliage
like the Moss Pink, and can be used in the same
positions.

S. spectabile. Brilliant Stonecrop. Japanese Live-
forever. This is a sturdy plant, with thick, fleshy
leaves, covered with broad clusters of rose-colored
flowers in late summer.

SILPHIUM perfoliatum. Cup Plant. A plant as
tall and showy as the Golden Glow, with single
lemon-yellow flowers. It finds a proper place at
the back of wild-flower borders, among shrubs,
or bordering a pond. July and August.

STOKESIA Cyanea. Cornflower, or Stokes' Aster
This is a new plant, which receives admiration
from every one who makes its acquaintance, both
in the garden and in the house. The flowers
resemble the China Aster, but they are semi-
double, about 3 or 4 inches across and of a pure
blue in several shades. It grows about I foot high
and makes a neat rosette of foliage under the
wide-branching flower-stem. It continues in
bloom from July until frost. It is of the easiest
culture and we recommend it highly.

92 Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Hardy Garden Tlolvers

A garden that does not require expensive grading, but fits the natural contour of the land. Just fertilize the land and
plant. This illustrates both gravel or broken stone and grass paths, the latter being preferable in appearance and economy in
most situations, as.it will stand considerable traffic, does not wash, forms a harmonious setting for the flowers and is not
glaring to the eye. The plantation consists of Lilacs and other shrubs with a border of hardy flowers interspersed with the
Poet's Narcissus. View on the estate of Prof. Chas. S. Sargent, Director of Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University.

STACHYS Betonica rosea. Wound wort. A mat
of foliage with spikes about I foot high, of rosy
pink flowers in June and July.

S., var. alba. White flowers.

S. Lenata. As an edging, this has a distinct value.

THERMOPSIS Caroliniana. One of the beautiful
plants that are but little known. Like other mem-
bers of the Pea family, it thrives in dry, sterile
situations and, is therefore, fitted to thrive among
shrubs and in many places on Long Island. This
lupin-like flower grows about 3 feet high, with a
cylindrical spike of yellow pea-shaped flowers in
June and July.

THYMUS Serpyllum, var. citriodorus. Lemon
Thyme. A low mat of aromatic evergreen foliage
about 8 inches high, used for flavoring. It is a
pretty garden plant for dry borders and the bees
like the tiny flowers. It has escaped to the grass
under the Pitch Pines at Brentwood.

T. serpyllum variegatus. Golden Thyme. Clear
yellow mottled foliage.

TRADESCANTIA Virginica. Spiderwort. Clus-
ters of shining green foliage about \% feet high,
and bright blue flowers. It was a favorite in old
cottage gardens as shown by the fact that where
the house is gone there will remain around the
moldering cellar walls the Spiderwort, Lilac and
Matrimony Vine.

T., var. alba. White flowers.

TRICYRTIS hirta. Japanese Toad Lily. In
September and October this has small, lily-like
orange-white, brown-spotted flowers. It grows
about 15 inches high.

TROLLITTS Europams. Globe Flower, or Golden
Ball. A Buttercup-like plant which has bright

Trollius Europaeus, continued

yellow flowers from May until October. The
flowers are about i>2 inches across and, therefore,
valuable for house decoration. It is particularly
welcome in the garden in early spring and is as
important as the Cowslip and English Daisies.

VALERIANA officinalis. This is a favorite in
old gardens and should be more frequently seen
to-day. It grows about 3 feet high and in June
and July has large clusters of light lavender-pink
flowers with Mignonette fragrance. Like the
Baby's Breath, it is a good flower for making
bouquets.

VERONICA Amethystina. A thick mat of foliage
covering the ground, sending up spikes of bright
amethyst-blue flowers. A good cover plant.

V. longifolia, var. subsessilis. Blue Jay Flowers.
One of the best blue flowers, producing from May
till September a great profusion of spikes of the
richest deep blue. It is a good garden plant and
always welcome as a cut-flower.

V., Dwarf. A low form of the Speedwell, with deep
blue flowers in May and June.

VINCA. Myrtle, or Periwinkle. A beautiful ever-
green cover plant for garden borders in place of
Boxwood edging. Leaves shining, rich green,
with flowers of clear blue in May. For uses, see
under Broad-leaved Evergreens, page 70. 6 inches.
Low rates per thousand.

VIOLA (Violet), Double Russian. A hardy va-
riety, blooming in April and May, with large,
double, deep purple flowers. Very fragrant.

YUCCA filamentosa. Adam's Needle; Spanish
Bayonet. The value of this for dry soils and as
an evergreen foliage plant is described on page 73.

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Fruits

93

Apples can be successfully grown for home use on all parts of Long Island if spraying is annually attended to,
but they thrive especially well on the hills and the north plateau

Fruits for Long Island

Don't let the San Jose scale scare you out of having the good things your land can easily produce.
Don't deceive yourself and think you can buy them and have just as good or as plenty. The scale is a bug-
a-boo that can be controlled on young trees and kept in check on old ones. Many ask if the scale is decreas-
ing. We cannot say that it is, but we can say that the lady-bird beetle which feeds on it is increasing. It
is the little red beetle with two black spots, which comes into the house in the autumn.

It is amusing to hear the owner of ample land ask if a dozen Peach trees will not be enough. It makes
no difference to us, — we net only a few cents profit. Some will go without Peaches because the trees are
short-lived or because they do not bear every year.

We do not expect the fruit or dairying industry rejuvenated on Long Island. The soil and markets
are better adapted to vegetables; farms may be sold for residence purposes before orchards get in full
bearing. Nevertheless, those who do live on Long Island can and should grow some of their fruit.
It may be better to buy winter Apples, but the fruits of summer and autumn cannot be bought of as good
quality, freshness, and in the continuous supply that the home orchard will furnish.

"Why don't we get good Peaches any more?" is a frequent question. Because they are picked before
ripe and shipped so far, and because the most juicy varieties do not ship the best. Be sure to grow some
fruit if you have the land and a spade and a cultivator. Get the literature on the subject from the New
York State Experiment Station, Geneva, New York ; Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station,
Ithaca, N. Y.; New York State Department of Agriculture, Albany, N. Y., and the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. State what fruits you are growing and, if any troubles assail
them, send samples of the insect or fungous enemy.

Spraying for San Jose scale is not difficult or impractical work. It is disagreeable, but our men use
oilskins and rubber masks and gloves when applying the lime-sulphur spray. We boil it in barrels by a jet
of steam from a small $40 boiler and use a Niagara Gas Sprayer. The pressure for spraying is supplied by
compressed carbonic acid gas as supplied to soda fountains. A simpler spray is miscible oil, as Scale-
cide, sold by B. G. Pratt Co., II Broadway, New York, or Target Brand Scale Destroyer, sold by the
American Horticultural Distributing Co., Martinsburg, W. Va. These do not require boiling, and can be
applied by a cheap pump. Make two applications in the winter, so that all the parts are covered. Do
not put on too much; cover the plants as with dew.

PLANTING. — Cut off broken roots and cut the ends of large roots smooth. Dig a wide hole, deep
enough to let the tree stand at the same depth as in the nursery. Spread the roots out and pack the soil
firmly around them.

94 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Fruits

PRUNING — Blackberries and Blackcaps. Cut back to near the ground when planted. Cut off
the tops of the young shoots in summer when 2 feet high. This will make them branch, produce more
fruit, and stand up better. Do not neglect this pruning until the canes are 6 feet high. Allow but four to
six canes per hill. Remove the old canes after fruiting, and the following spring shorten-in the side branches.
In a small garden, tie to a wire, trellis or stakes.

Red Raspberries. Prune same as above excepting the summer pruning.

Currants and Gooseberries need but little pruning; merely remove the branches over two or three
years old.

Apple, Pear, Cherry, Peach, Plum and Quince. When planting, prune to reduce the top by one-
half or three-quarters. Cut just above a strong bud. Do not leave opposite branches, that form crotches
to be easily broken.

Later Pruning. Thin out the inside of the tree by removing weak branches, water sprouts or suckers,
and branches that cross and rub. Some cut back one-half of each year's growth of the peach, on rich soil.
If the flower-buds are partly winter-killed, omit this cutting back, as it reduces the flowers and fruit.

Cut all the branches close, even if the wound is larger, and paint all wounds over 2 inches
in diameter with coal-tar or thick paint. Old decayed cavities should be cleaned out to sound
wood, painted and filled to the inside line of the bark with cement. Split crotches should be
bolted together at or above the break. We furnish experts for this work.

Grapes. Cut grape-vines back to two buds when planting. Train the two shoots from these
buds to a trellis or building, and the shoots from them will bear the following year. The next
winter these shoots may be cut back to spurs of one or two ouds, or the whole arm cut off to
the trunk of the vine, and the new canes tied to the wire as before. During the summer, bearing
shoots may be allowed to hang down, or tied to upper wires.

Time to Prune. Most severe pruning should be done between October and April, when the
plant is dormant.

Heading back too vigorous shoots, and removing undesirable branches, may be done at any
time during the summer. Storm-damaged trees and decayed wounds may be repaired whenever
necessary.

CULTIVATION and FEEDING (Fertilizing). All young fruit plantations should be kept
cultivated the same as corn or potatoes; in fact, vegetables may be profitably grown in young
orchards. Cultivate once in two weeks or oftener, and especially the day following a heavy rain.
This will make a mulch of about 3 inches of fine earth or dust, that prevents evaporation from
the soil. Feed annually with stable manure or complete fertilizers, or both. Trees need a fertilizer
rich in potash and phosphoric acid, rather than an excess of nitrogen; therefore, muriate of potash
unleached hard-wood ashes, bone-flour and dissolved South Carolina rock are good special fertilizers.
Crimson clover is valuable, as a green manure, sown in August, before the last cultivating, and
plowed under the following spring.

Borers in the trunks of trees should be dug out. Leaf-eating insects are killed by spray of
Paris green, i Ib. to 100 gallons of water. Currant-worms are quickly killed by hellebore powder.
Leaf-sucking insects are destroyed by spraying or washing with whale-oil soap or kerosene emul-
sion. Mildew, and other fungous diseases of grapes and fruit trees are prevented by spraying with
Bordeaux mixture or ammoniacal solution of carbonate of copper.

Distances to Plant Trees and Plants

Apples 30 x 30 feet, 48 trees per acre

Pears, Standard, and Cherries 25 x 25 " 70 "

Dwarf 12x12 " 300 "

Peaches, Plums and Apricots 18 x 18 " 135 "

Grapes 10 x 16 " 275 vines "

Asparagus 2 x 5 " 4,250 plants "

Currants and Gooseberries 2 x 4 " 5,450 bushes "

Raspberries and Blackberries 3 x 6 " 2,420 plants "

Strawberries I x 3 " 14,500 " "

Closer planting and pruning is advised for small gardens.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Fruits

95

THE VARIETIES ARE GIVEN IN ABOUT THE ORDER OF RIPENING

APPLES

Price, 5 to 6 feet, 35 cts. each, $3 for 10; 6 to 7 feet,
50 cts. each, $3.50 for 10

In our old and extensive orchards, most of the
varieties here listed, and many others that have been
discarded, have been tested. While some varieties
will thrive anywhere under good culture, the loss
entailed by planting and cultivating poor varieties
is great, and emphasizes the importance of plant-
ing tested kinds. Many good varieties wilt occa-
sionally fail to produce satisfactory crops through
lack of culture and fertility, or insects and fungus.

LARGE ORCHARDS. Those intending to plant
large orchards are invited to correspond with us
early in the season, before October or March. Low
rates for trees of various qualities will be quoted.

SUMMER APPLES

Yellow Transparent. The earliest Apple. Medium
size; skin translucent yellow, with waxen sur-
face; flesh yellow; sprightly acid. July. Usually
bears the first year after planting.

Harvest. Medium size; pale yellow; flesh white,
tender and juicy; rather acid but pleasant.
Ripens in July.

Red Astrachan. Large, round; deep crimson, which
takes a bright polish; flesh juicy. A vigorous, pro-
ductive tree. Good for early market and dessert.

Sweet Bough (Early Bough). Large; pale yellow;
tender, sweet. An excellent variety for baking.

Oldenburg (Duchess of Oldenburg). A Russian
variety of value; fruit above medium size, hand-
some, yellow, covered with streaks of crimson;
flesh tender, juicy and pleasant. August.

AUTUMN APPLES

Gravenstein. Large, round; red and yellow; flesh
firm, brittle, juicy, high-flavored, subacid. Tree
vigorous and productive. A long time in ripening
during August and September. This is the best
market Apple of its season, and deservedly
popular.

Wealthy. Medium size; skin oily, dark red; flesh
white, fine-grained, juicy, subacid. Tree a free
grower and early bearer. Resembles the Fameuse.
October and November.

Fall Pippin. Very large, round; rich yellow; flesh
yellow, firm, tender, creamy and excellent flavor
for dessert or cooking. Tree vigorous and pro-
ductive. An old and well-known variety, more
subject to apple-scab than some others. It
ripens in late autumn and keeps in good condi-
tion until midwinter.

Mclntosh Red. A good-sized Apple, resembling
the well-known and popular Fameuse; flesh
tender, white and sprightly.

WINTER APPLES

Fameuse (Snow Apple). Small to medium in size,
round, deep crimson; flesh snowy white, with
crimson streaks ; very tender, crisp, spicy and
melting. One of the finest dessert fruits, Novem-
ber and December.

Winter Apples, continued

Hubbardston (Hubbardston's Nonesuch). Large,
handsome, yellow, mostly covered with red;
flesh tender, fine-grained, with an excellent and
distinct flavor. Tree upright and productive.
Does not keep after midwinter.

Smokehouse. Large, flat, red and yellow; flesh
yellow, firm, juicy and crisp; aromatic. An early
and prolific bearer. Widely grown and popular.
October to January.

Rhode Island Greening. Large, round, green or
greenish yellow; flesh yellow and fine-grained,
tender, with a rich subacid flavor. A favorite
for cooking. A standard winter Apple. Novem-
ber to March.

Bellflower. Medium to large; pale yellow, with
blush cheek; flesh very tender, crisp, juicy, with
a delicate spicy flavor; core large. Succeeds
best on rather light soils.

King (King of Tompkins County). A large, hand-
some red Apple of fair quality. Tree a good
grower and moderate bearer.

Spitzenburg (Esopus). Medium rich red Apple,
with crisp yellow flesh of a spicy acid flavor.
A good keeper.

Jonathan. Of medium size; skin yellow, nearly
covered with dark red, fine-grained; very ten-
der, and of excellent flavor. It commands a
high price on the market. Tree needs careful
culture. November to January.

Baldwin. Large, red, with yellow on one side;
crisp, juicy and rich. Tree vigorous and pro-
ductive. A standard variety. November to
April.

Roxbury Russet. Medium or large size, russet;
flesh greenish white, crisp, with a fine subacid
flavor. Tree a good grower and productive.
Keeps late.

Peck's Pleasant. Medium to large; waxen yellow,
with blush cheek; resembles the Newtown
Pippin; flesh yellow, fine-grained, crisp and
brittle. We regard it as the best-flavored Apple.
December to March.

Long Island Russet. A small to medium-sized
yellow and russet Apple. The tree is most vigor-
ous and productive, and the fruit keeps till May.
On some Long Island soils it appears as healthy
as an oak, overcoming the usual Apple ene-
mies.

Newtown Pippin. A famous Apple, originating on
Long Island. Fruit dull green; flesh greenish
white, juicy, crisp, with fine aroma and delicious
flavor-; late keeper. Tree a feeble grower. It
succeeds well in the heavy loam soil of Jericho,
Huntington, Port Washington. January to May.

For home use, the following will cover the season:
Yellow Transparent, Red Astrachan, Gravenstein,
Fall Pippin, Rhode Island Greening, Baldwin,
Roxbury Russet.

CRAB APPLES

For preserving, jellies and ornament.

Montreal Beauty. Large size of its class; yellow
and rich red; flesh rich, firm, acid. September
and October.

Transcendent. One of the best early varieties.
Golden yellow, with a red cheek. September.

96

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. — Fruits

PEARS

Price, 5 to 6 feet, 50 cts. each, $3.50 for 10 ; 6 to 7 feet,
75 cts. each, $6 for 10

Summer Doyenne (Doyenne d'Ete). Small; flesh
white, melting, sweet. Tree vigorous and pro-
ductive. Ripens in July.

Manning's Elizabeth. Small to medium; yellow,
with a red cheek; sweet and sprightly. Our
best early dessert Pear.

Osband's Summer. Medium size; yellow, with
reddish brown cheek; flesh white, granular,
with sweet flavor. Ripens in early August.

Glapp's Favorite. Large, long; yellow, with red
cheek; flesh fine-grained, melting, and of excel-
lent flavor. It resembles the Bartlett, but is
much earlier. It should be picked a week before
it would ripen on the tree, and be ripened in the
house, otherwise it softens at the center. A
valuable Pear that should be in every garden.
It ripens in August.

Bartlett. A standard sort too well known to need
description; bears young and abundantly. It
ripens in August and September, and is an ex-
cellent variety for dessert and preserving.

Tyson. Medium size; bright yellow; flesh juicy,
sugary and aromatic. A regular bearer.

Boussock. Large; russet-yellow; flesh melting
and of excellent flavor. The tree is large and
vigorous. A valuable market Pear. October.

Sheldon. Large; greenish russet and red; flesh

coarse, of fine flavor. Productive.

September and October.
Howell. Rather large; waxen yellow

and russet; flesh granular, with a

rich subacid flavor. A profuse bearer

and good for preserving.
Seckel. Fruit small; brown, with a

deep red cheek; flesh very fine-
grained, sweet and juicy; the richest

and highest flavored Pear known.

Tree of small size and slow growth.

Early to mid-autumn.

Anjou. Large; green and russet; flesh

white, buttery, with a rich, vinous

flavor. Very productive. October

and November.
Bosc (Beurre Bosc). Large, long;

russet; flesh buttery, juicy, with rich

and excellent flavor. It requires

clay soil to reach perfection. No-
vember.
Kieffer. This is a descendant of the

Chinese Sand Pear, and comes from

the home of the San Jose Scale.

Therefore it does not succumb to

this troublesome pest. Its immunity

and vigor render it an excellent va-
riety for cross-breeding to improve

the flavor. Large to very large; yel-
low-russet, with red cheek; very juicy

and of a peculiar flavor disliked by

some when not properly grown and

ripened. The general appearance of

the tree is distinct; its growth is

exceedingly vigorous, with dark,

lustrous foliage. Some Long Island

farmers have found it very profitable

for market. It should be severely

thinned when the fruit is small.

December.

Pears, continued

Winter Nelis. Medium sixe ; dull russet; flesh
fine-grained, with a rich, sprightly flavor. Novem-
ber and December. , .

DWARF PEARS

Price, two and three years old, 50 cts. each
The following varieties, grafted on quince roots,

succeed as dwarfs, and are valuable for small

gardens:

Louise Bonne de Jersey. A large, beautiful
yellow Pear, with a red cheek; rich flavor. Vigor-
ous grower and an abundant bearer. September
and October.

Angouleme (Duchesse d'Angouleme). One of the
largest of the good Pears. Oct. and Nov.

PEACHES

Price, one-year, 4 to 6 feet, 25 cts. each, $1.80 for 10,
$15 per 100; two-year, 40 cts. each

For early bearing and general satisfactory results,
no fruit tree exceeds the Peach. They will com-
mence to bear sixteen months after planting, and
produce abundant crops nearly every year. Fer-
tilize with wood-ashes or potash. A new supply of
trees should be planted eyery two or three years, in
order to keep up a succession. This list is nearly
in order of ripening.

The same skill that has developed the vegetable
growing of Long Island to its high position will

When fully ripe, the Kieffet Pear is large and yellow with a red cheek,
and very juicy

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Fruits

97

Peaches, continued

make the poorer land of Long Island profitable with
Peaches. The local market is never supplied. The
railroads should cooperate to develop an extensive
Peach industry on the hills of Suffolk county.

Early Rivers. Large, white, juicy.

Champion. Large, creamy white and juicy. Said
to be one of the most frost-proof of Peaches. An
excellent early Peach.

Mountain Rose. Above medium size, round,
white. Tree thrifty and an abundant bearer.

Yellow St. John. A large yellow freestone, with a
deep red cheek; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy and
high-flavored. One of the best early Peaches.

Early York (Honest John). A large, beautiful
white Peach. A valuable variety.

Foster. A very large Peach, resembling Crawford's
Early, but earlier in ripening.

Crawford's Early. A magnificent, large, yellow
Peach of good quality; tree vigorous and pro-
ductive. September.

Oldmixon. A productive variety that succeeds
well in all localities. Flesh white, red at the stone,
flavor excellent. A favorite canning variety.

Wheatland. Considered an improvement on Craw-
ford's Late, and ripening just in advance of it.

Stephen's Rareripe. Large, oblong; white flesh,
red skin. A heavy bearer. October.

Reeves' Favorite. Large; yellow, juicy, melting,
with a vinous flavor.

Elberta. One of the finest yellow Peaches; very
large, handsome, juicy and of fine flavor.

Susquehanna. Very large; rich yellow, with a
beautiful red cheek. A handsome and valuable
variety for table use or canning.

Crawford's Late. A standard variety. Large;
yellow, red at the stone.

Stump the World. Medium size; creamy white,
juicy and high-flavored. Unexcelled for pre-
serving.

Chair's Choice.. Large, yellow, with red cheek;
flesh firm and of good quality. The large Peach
growers of Long Island report that this is a val-
uable variety.

Morris White. Medium size, creamy white skin;
flesh white throughout, juicy, sweet. Good for
preserving.

Globe. Large, golden yellow, firm, sweet and de-
licious. A rapid grower and good bearer.

Smock. Medium to large; yellow, moderately
juicy to dry; very late; sometimes it does not
ripen here.

JAPAN PLUMS

Price, 5 to 6 feet, 40 cts. each, $3.50 for 10; 6 to 7 feet,
75 cts. each, $6 for 10

This new class of fruit we have thoroughly tested,
and strongly recommend its planting in gardens
and orchards. After one or two years the trees
bear heavy annual crops of delicious fruit.

The peculiarly desirable features presented by
these Japanese Plums on a conservative estimate
are earliness and great productiveness. The quality
is good when well thinned and ripened, but not
always equal to the best of the common Plums.

They are the best Plums for Long Island and
should be largely planted.

Japan Plums, continued

Abundance. Medium to large, globular; yellow,
mostly covered with red; flesh firm and juicy,
sweet and good when fully ripe. The tree is
very productive, and the loads of fruit that young
trees carry astonish all who see them. The fruit
should be severely thinned out and the branches
tied up. Ripens in early August.

Apple. One of the good varieties introduced by
Luther Burbank. The fruit is large and attrac-
tive, of a deep reddish purple color when fully
ripe; flesh red and firm, with a small pit and of
very good flavor. It ripens about the same time
as the Burbank, and is an excellent keeper. We
recommend this as the finest flavored Japanese
Plum in our orchard.

Japanese Plum. This class thrives excellently on Long
Island and bears so heavily that the branches need propping
up, or preferably the fruit should be thinned, which improves
the size and flavor and checks the spread of the rot.

Burbank. Medium to large; yellow, with red
cheek ; flesh firm, rich and sugary ; the best
flavored variety we have ever tested, excepting
the Apple Plum described above. The tree is
very productive. Ripens last of August.

Wickson. The largest Japan Plum. Maroon-red;
flesh firm and long-keeping, of good quality. A
promising new variety.

Hale. A handsome, globular, red-speckled Plum.
Flesh soft and juicy, of good quality and peach-
like flavor. Tree a good grower and productive.
A very promising new variety, just introduced.

Satsuma. Large; very dark red; flesh blood-red,
acid, of fair quality when fully ripe. Productive
and late.

October Purple. A reddish purple Plum of large
size; good quality. Its late-ripening and good-
keeping qualities make it one of the desirable
varieties.

EUROPEAN PLUMS

The varieties of the common, or European Plum
(Prunus domestica), do best on heavy land, but will
grow well on any soil, if given applications of
ground-bone and potash.

Bradshaw. Fruit large, oval; reddish purple; flesh
yellow, rather coarse, juicy and good. Tree
very vigorous and has good foliage.

98

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Fruits

European Plums, continued
German Prune. Fruit long-oval; purple, with

white bloom; -flesh green, sweet. Tree a poor

grower.
Green Gage. Round, small, green fruit; the flavor

is exceedingly sweet and rich, unequaled by any

other. A small, compact tree.
Lombard. Medium to large; dark red; flesh deep

yellow, of pleasant flavor, but not rich. The tree

is one of the most vigorous of the Plum family

and is productive and well adapted to light soils.

PERSIMMON, AMERICAN

A large, handsome tree, with lustrous leaves.
Skin and flesh of fruit brick-red, soft and s*reet
after frost. Native to wet ground on Long Island.
We are testing new named varieties.

QUINCES

Price, 4 to 5 feet, 50 cts. each, $4 for 10

Champion and Orange. Large, bright yellow ;
good quality and long-keeping.

CHERRIES

Price, 5 to 6 feet, 50 cts. each, $4 for 10; 6 to 7 feet,
76 cts. each, $6 for 10

The Cherries are among the most satisfactory
fruits to raise for home use. They grow well on
all Long Island soils, and annually set large crops.
Cherries may be divided into four groups:

HEARTS. With soft flesh, heart-shaped, sweet.
The dark red varieties are in this class. This and
the next are sometimes called "Oxhearts."

BIGARREAUS. With hard flesh, heart-shaped,
sweet, mostly of the lighter colors.

DUKES. Like the above, but with acid or sub-
acid fruits.

MORELLOS (Sour Cherries). Flesh sour; tree
smaller than the others, with slender branches and
narrow leaves.

HEART CHERRIES

Governor Wood. Large, heart-shaped, yel-
low fruit, marked with red; sweet, juicy
flesh. A rich and delicious Cherry.

Coe's Transparent. Medium size; amber
color, with a red cheek; very tender, melt-
ing, sweet. Ripens early, just before Tar-
tarian. Tree thrifty.

Black Tartarian. Fruit very large, nearly
black. Flesh dark purple, firm, sweet and
juicy, with a small pit. Tree a rapid grower.
The long, upright branches of this variety,
hung with luscious fruits, are a beautiful
sight.

Downer's Late Red. Medium size; red and
amber; flesh tender, melting, rich; not good
till fully ripe. This variety is late and hangs
on the tree after it is ripe without decaying,
as many other kinds do. Ripens first half
of July. The birds molest it but little, as it
ripens about the time of the wild Mazzards.

BIGARREAU CHERRIES

Rockport. Large; clear red, shaded with
amber; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, rich. Ripens
early. Tree upright and vigorous.

Bigarreau Cherries, continued
Yellow Spanish. Very large, often an inch in

diameter; waxen yellow, with a light red cheek;

flesh firm, and of fine, rich flavor.
Napoleon. Very large, heart-shaped; pale yellow

and amber, shaded with deep red ; flesh very

firm and of good flavor. Ripens after midseason.

Tree vigorous and productive.
Windsor. Large; mottled red; very firm and juicy,

of good quality. The tree is upright, vigorous, and

a heavy bearer. A desirable late Cherry, as it

hangs a long time and rots but little.
Mercer. A very dark red Cherry; productive and

early; of good flavor, and not liable to rot.
Schmidt's. The largest of all the black Bigarreau

Cherries. The fruit grows in clusters; the flesh

is dark, tender and very juicy.

DUKE CHERRIES

Mayduke. Large, round; red, changing to nearly
black when ripe. Flesh very juicy and melting;
acid. Quite early.

MORELLO CHERRIES

This class is excellent for cooking and preserving.

Early Richmond (English Pie Cherry). Small to
medium in size; beautiful red, very juicy, acid.
Tree productive.

Montmorency. Large, round; bright red; moder-
ately sour. A good bearer, which fruits young.
One of the best of its class.

Morello (English Morello). Medium to large; dark
red to nearly black. Flavor a rich acid, with
some astringency, making it desirable for cook-
ing. It ripens after midsummer.

MULBERRIES

75 cts. to $1 each

Downing Everbearing. Large, black, sweet fruit.

A handsome shade tree.
New American. Fruit of the best flavor. Ripens

from June to September.

Spraying for San Jose Scale once a year with lime and sulphur
costs but .little. Orchard of J. H. Hale, Connecticut

Isaac Hicks &- Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Fruits

99

GRAPES

Price, 2-year-old, 15 to 25 cts. each, $10 to $20 per 100.
Extra-size, 3 years old, 30 cts. each

Grapes are easily grown by any one, and on the
smallest bit of ground. There is room along any
garden fence or walk for a dozen vines to furnish
this most delicious of fruits for home use, from
August until November. Training on the sides of
buildings is recommended, as the fruit is less liable
to decay.

The vines will fruit under unfavorable conditions,
but good culture, pruning and spraying pay, if
fruit of best quality is desired. Commercial grape-
growers find it necessary to spray with Bordeaux
Mixture occasionally during the growing season,
to keep in check mildew on the foliage, and rotting
of the fruit. Protecting the clusters, as soon as
formed, by pinning over them 2-pound paper bags,
prevents injury from fungus, storm and birds.

Cottage. Bunch small; berry large, black; pulp
tough and sweet. A good early black variety.

Moore's Early. Large; black; good flavor.

Delaware. This early Grape is very distinct from
all others, and worthy the care necessary to grow
it. Bunch and berry small; skin thin, light red,
translucent; exceedingly sweet and aromatic.

Lady. Bunch and berry medium size; greenish
yellow; tender and sweet; early.

Niagara. Bunch large, compact; berry large;
skin pale yellow or white; flesh tender and
sweet; vine vigorous and productive. The
handsomest white Grape, ripening in midseason,
with Concord.

Worden. Berry very large, black; skin and pulp
tender and sweet. Ripens ten days ahead of
Concord and is superior in quality.

Grapes for home use can be grown on any part of Long
island. Paper bags over the fruit, and spraying with fungi-
cides, will produce perfect results.

Grapes, continued

Green Mountain. Berry of medium size, white;

pulp tender, juicy, very sweet and rich.
Diamond (Moore's Diamond). Berry large, white,

translucent; flesh juicy and almost without pulp;

quality very good. Vine vigorous and pro-
ductive.
Concord. Bunches compact, large; berries large;

skin black and tender; flesh juicy and sweet.

Extreme hardiness, vigor, productiveness, and

the fine appearance of its clusters have rendered

Concord the most popular Grape.
Herbert. Berry medium size, black, tender, sweet

and rich.
Salem. Bunch and berry large; dull red, tender,

of good flavor.
Agawam. Bunch and berry large; dull reddish

brown; flesh tender.
Pocklington. A light golden yellow Grape of good

quality, ripening after Concord. A strong

grower.

GOOSEBERRIES

Price, 2-year-old bushes, 20 cts. each, $1.50 for 10,
unless otherwise noted

Gooseberries thrive in any garden soil, and are
very satisfactory for home use.

Downing. Medium to large, pale green; very

good; bush upright, spiny, productive.
Chautauqua. Bush very vigorous. Fruit large,

smooth, translucent. Sweet and productive.
Industry. The best foreign variety. Berry very

large, dark red. Bush vigorous, healthy and

productive. $2 for 10.

CURRANTS

Price, 2-year-old bushes, 15 cts. each, $1 for 10

Currants are easily grown and are naturally
fruitful. The worm is readily controlled by helle-
bore powder, and San Jose scale by Scalecide.

Cherry. Very large, dark red berries; clusters
moderately short; quite acid.

Fay's Prolific. Very large berries on long stems;
sprightly and acid; easily picked. A most popu-
lar variety.

White Grape. Large, beautiful white berry; bunch
short; quality excellent. A very pleasant Currant
to eat off the bush, as it is less acid than the
others.

Black Naples. Large, black bunches; berries
small, with a strong, musky flavor. Valuable for
cooking and jams.

RASPBERRIES

Price, 50 cts. for 10, $4 per 100

The plants should be set in rows 6 feet apart and
3 feet apart in the row.

RED AND YELLOW RASPBERRIES
Miller's Red.. Berry large, firm, bright red.
Marlboro. Bright scarlet fruit of large size. Early.
Cuthbert. Very large, pointed, deep red berries of
delicious flavor. This beautiful variety should
be planted largely. Ripens midseason to late.

100

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— fruits

Red and Yellow Raspberries, continued

Columbian. Large purplish red fruit with a
sprightly flavor; vigorous and productive.

Golden Queen. Yellow, soft, juicy, sweet fruit.
Resembles Cuthbert in form and flavor, and
therefore is an excellent dessert variety.

BLACK-CAP RASPBERRIES

These ripen earlier than the red kinds, and fol-
low Strawberries.
Souhegan. Fruit large and handsome; plant a

strong grower and hardy. Ripens early.
Gregg. One of the largest of the blackcap family;
fruit large, black, with a slight bloom; moder-
ately juicy, sweet and rich. Ripens late and
evenly.

BLACKBERRIES

Price, 50 cts. for 10, $4 per 100

Being easy to grow, Blackberries are a valuable
fruit for home use. As they ripen from early July
to the middle of August, they complete the season
of small fruits until the Peaches begin to ripen. To
avoid too strong a growth and straggling habit, the
ends of the shoots may be cut off at 3 feet in mid-
summer. Plant 6x3 feet.
Lucretia Dewberry. Large, coreless, juicy, sweet

fruit; most delicious for the table. Ripens be-
fore all the others. A running Blackberry that

can be trained to a trellis.
Erie. A valuable new variety; large, very early

and productive. Desirable as a market berry.
Eldorado. Large berries, borne in large clusters;

vines are vigorous and hardy; one of the best for

table use.
Early Harvest. Of medium size, good quality and

prolific; very early. It is firm, and therefore a

good shipper.
Agawam. A large berry of excellent flavor. Hardy

and productive.
Snyder. Berries of medium size, nearly globular,

of good flavor; very hardy.

Strawberries planted in spring multiply rapidly and bear
heavily the June of the next year. Those planted in August
bear the next season but do not have time to multiply.

Strawberries give the quickest returns/ of all the fruits we
offer. Insects and fungi are not serious. Toward against
loss by the birds, have a plenty.

Raspberries are an essential in
the home garden. The principal
attention is to hoe up the extra
suckers, leaving a few stalks to
each hill.

STRAWBERRIES

Price, $1 per 100; in August and September, $2 per 100

A garden without Strawberries is incomplete.
If Strawberry plants are put out in August and
September, they will bear fruit the following June.
They may be planted in April and May, and each
plant allowed to make a dozen or more runners and
young plants, which bear freely the following
season. The beds had best be allowed to fruit
only two years and then be renewed. Free cultiva-
tion should be followed the first year, and the plants
covered with straw, manure, or salt hay for the
winter. In the spring, as the growth commences, this
litter may be raked off between the rows to form a
mulch, which prevents the growth of weeds and
conserves the moisture, as well as protects the
ripening berries from the soil. Clippings from the
lawn make an excellent mulch for this purpose.
By planting four or six varieties, early, medium
and late, and giving them good cultivation, the
fruiting season will extend from the last week in
May to the first week in July.

PER. indicates perfect-flowered.

IMP. indicates imperfect-flowered. Plant with
perfect-flowered varieties near. •
Excelsior. Per. A firm, productive, high-colored

berry; the chief quality is earliness.
Sharpless. Per. Very large, conical or wedge-
shaped; white at the tip when not fully ripe;

good flavor.
Bubach. Imp. Fruit of largest size and excellent

flavor. A prolific grower with vigorous foliage.

A standard sort.
Bismarck. Per. This resembles the Bubach in its

excellent qualities, and is slightly smaller.

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, JV. Y.— fruits

Strawberries, continued

Beecher. A vigorous, strong-growing variety with
healthy foliage. Good flavor and size. '

Clyde. Per. Fruit large, abundant, mild flavor.
Foliage not so strong as some others.

Gandy. Per. One of the latest, if not the latest
in cultivation.

Glen Mary. Per. A long, tapering fruit of mild
sweet flavor. This variety is delicious for the
table, but not sprightly enough for preserving.

Nick Ohmer. Per. A vigorous grower; hand-
some berries of good market quality.

Nut Trees

In rural and suburban districts, the great economic possibilities of growing edible Nuts are
but vaguely understood. They can often be planted along fence lines where they will not affect
farming or gardening operations, and, later, will become a profitable source of income, either in
the market or for the owner's use. The United States is importing vast quantities which might
be raised at home with profit and credit. For Chestnut bark disease, see page 14.

CHESTNUTS

American. Castanea Americana. The only spe-
cies of our forest. The nuts are of finest sweet
flavor. An immense, broad-spreading tree in
the open. Plant 60 feet apart.

Paragon. A variety of Spanish, or European Chest-
nut which is hardy, possibly a hybrid with the
American. It is very precocious, bearing the
year after grafting. The nut is large, and of very
good quality. It is the most uniformly successful
Chestnut in the United States.

Japan. Nuts very large.
Tree vigorous and pro-
ductive, even when
young. Plant 20 feet
apart in the orchard.
Immune to the Chest-
nut disease. A hand-
some, healthy tree or
large shrub for mass
planting. We have a
large stock at low rates,
and several improved
varieties. See page 15.

FILBERT, or
HAZELNUT

Kentish Cob. The large
English variety.

American. Our native
Hazelnut. See page 58.

HICKORY

Shagbark. Shell thin; meat of good flavor. These
grow well on Long Island, and should be more
extensively planted for their excellent nuts.

Mockernut. The common native Hickory of Long
Island. See page 16.

PECAN

We have a large
stock raised from trees
at its northern limit
in Indiana, and, there-
fore, hardy. There are
bearing trees on Long
Island.

WALNUT

English.

We have thousands of Pecan
trees raised from nuts as large or
larger than this illustration, which
should be hardy here because
from Indiana. There are two
old bearing trees in the garden
of Mr. J. A. Burden, Jr., West-
bury, L. I.

Madeira

Nut. There are a

number of productive trees on Long Island. Tree

tender while young. See page 27.
Japan. Similar to the English, but smaller. Tree

very vigorous. See page 27.
Black. Nuts large, rough, black; kernel rich and

oily. One of our largest forest trees.

BUTTERNUT

Nuts long; kernel of rich flavor. Plant in deep,
moist soil for best results.

Long Island is famous for
its Asparagus, which is com-
mercially grown on the light
sandy land, mapped as
Norfolk sand in Soil Survey
of Long Island by the United
States Department of Agri-
culture.

Garden Plants

ASPARAGUS, Conover's Colossal. l-year-old, 75 cts. per 100; 2-year-old,

$i per 100, $7 per 1,000.
RHUBARB, Linnaeus. Early, tender and very large, possessing a rich flavor.

25 cts. each; smaller roots, 15 cts.
HOPS. 15 cts. each.
SAGE, Broad-leaved. The tender leaves and tops of this plant are used in

sausage, in stuffing, and in sauces. 25 cts.
THYME. Used for flavoring. 25 cts. each.

HORSE-RADISH. A few roots will give a supply of this fine relish. 10 cts.
UDO. Aralia cordata. Introduced by D. Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer, United

States Department of Agriculture. The blanched shoots are sliced and

served with salad dressing. Plant vigorous; grown like asparagus.

102 Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Index

Index of Common and Botanical Names

PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE

Abies 34, 35 Deciduous Trees 12-28 Larix 17 Retinospora 43, 44

Acer 21, 22 Delphinium 84 Larkspur 84 Rhododendron .. 53,54, 71-73

Achillea 81 Desmodium 88 Lathyrus 88 Rhodotypos 63

Actinidia 74 Deutzia 56 Laurel 70 Rhus 63, 64, 65

Adam's Needle 92 Dianthus 84 Lavandula 89 Rose Mallow 87

/Esculus 16, 58 Dicentra 8s Lavender 89 Rose of Sharon 53

Ageratum 85 Djctamnus 85 Lespedeza 88 Roses 77-80

Akebia 74 Djgitalis 85 Leucothoe 70 Rudbeckia 91

Alpine Rock Cress 82 Diospyros 26 Liatris 88 Sage 91

Alum Root 87 Dogwood 15, 56 Ligustrum 62 Sagina 91

Althea 53, 81, 82 Dolichos 76 Lilac 60, 61 Salisburia 15

Alyssum 82 Doronicum 85 Lilium 88, 89 Salix 27, 66

Ampelopsis 76 Dutchman's Pipe 75 Lily.... 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 Salvia 91

Amsonia 82 Elseagnus 56, 57 Lily-of-the- Valley 84 Sambucus 56

Andromeda 12, 68, 70 Elder 56 Linden 17 Sciadopitys 43

Anemone 82 Elm 15 Liquidambar 17 Sedum 91

Angelica Tree 53 Empress Tree 22 Liriodendron 27 Shagbark 16

Anthemis 82 English Daisy 83 Live-forever 91 Shellbark 16

Aquilegia 82 Euonymus 69, 75 Locust 17 Shrubs 52-66

Arabis . . . . • 82 Eupatorium 85 Lonicera 57, 75 Siberian Pea Tree 63

Aralia 53 Evergreens 29-51 London Pride 89 Silphium 91

Arborvitae 32 Exochorda 57 Lupinus 89 Silver Bell 26

Aristolochia 75 Fagus 12, 13 Lychnis 89 Silver Thorn 56, 57

Armeria 82 False Dragon Head 91 Magnolias 18-21 Smoke Tree 63

Aronia 55 Firs 34, 35 Mahonia 70 Sneezeweed 86

Arrow- wood 65 Flag 87, 88 Maidenhair Tree 15 Snowball 66

Artemisia 82 Flame Flower 88 Maple 21, 22, 61, 62 Snowdrop Tree 26

Asclepias 82 Flowers 81-92 Marguerite 82 Snow-in-summer 83

Ash

. . . . 12

Forget-me-not

.89

Marshmallow

....87

Solomon's Seal

.. ..91

Aster

• -..83

Forsythia

. 57

Mentha

....89

Sorrel Tree

....12

Astilbe

82

Foxglove

.8S,

91

Mist Tree

-- -.63

Sour Gum

. ... 22

Azalea S3,

54, 68

Fraxinus

. 12

Mockernut

is, J6

Southernwood

82

Baby's Breath

86

Fringe

•57

Mock Orange

....6s

Spanish Bayonet . . .

.. ..92

Baccharis

-•-•56

Fruit

-93-94

Mohrodendron

26

Spiderwort

. . . . 9 ->

Baptisia

-.--83

Funkia

.8s,

86

Monarda

. ... 89

Spirea

64, 82

Barberry . . . •.

54, 55

Gaillardia

86

Montbretia

....89

Spruces

•45-50

Bayberry

55

Garland Flower ....

68

Morus

. ... 22

Stachys

.. ..92

Bee Balm

....89

Gas Plant

• 85

Mountain Laurel . . .

.. ..70

Stephanandra

Beech

12, 13

Gentian

86

Mt. Atlas Cedar ....

- - - -34

Stokesia

.. .-91

Bellis

..-•83

Ginkgo

• IS

Mulberry

. ... 22

Stokes' Aster

. . . .91

Berberis 54,

55, 70

Gleditschia

.17

Myosotis

....89

Stonecrop

.. . .91

Betula

.. ..13

Globe Flower

.92

Myrica

55

Styrax

. . . . 64

Bilsted

. ... 17

Golden Ball

.92

Myrtle 70,

71, 92

Sumach

Birch

. ... 13

Golden Bell

•57

Narcissus

• 89, 90

Sunflower

86

Bitter" ut

16

Golden Chain

.60

Norway Spruce

45

Swamp Apple

- - - -54

Bittersweet

-• - - 74

Golden Glow

.91

Nyssa

. ... 22

Sweet Bay

18

Blanket Flower

86

Golden Tuft

8^

Oak

. 23-26

Sweet Gum

17

Bleeding Heart

..--85

Gymnocladus

T6

CEnothera

90

Sweet Pepper Bush .

Blue Wild Indigo . ..

....83

Gypsophila

86

Old Man

82

Sweet-scented Shrub

..-.65

Boxwood

68

Habenaria

86

Opulaster

64

Sweet William

. ... 85

Bridal Wreath

.. ..64

Halesia

.26

Orange

62

Symphoricarpus ....

- • • - 59

Broad-lvd Evergreens

-67-73

Hardy Sweet Pea . . .

88

Oswego Tea

....89

Syringa 60,

61, 65

Buttercup

.. ..91

Hawthorn

-27

Paeonia

.. ..90

Tamarisk

....65

Butterfly Weed

82

Hazelnut

.58

Papaver

.-. ..90

Taxus

SO, Si

Button Bush

----55

Hedera

-75

Paulownia

. ... 22

Tecoma

. . ..76

Buxus

68

Helenium

86

Peach

. ... 22

Thermopsis

.. ..92

Cactus

--..83

Helianthus

86

Pearl Bush

- - --57

Thorn

.. ..27

Calycanthus

-.-.65

Heliopsis

86

Pentstemon

.. ..90

Thrift

82

Campanula

.-.-83

Hemerocallis

86,

87

Peppermint

.. ..89

Thuya

. ... 22

Canterbury Bell ....

..,-83

Hemlock

-35.

36

Pepperidge

.... 22

Thyme

. . . .92

Caragana

- ... 63

Hercules' Club

•53

Periwinkle 70,

71, 92

Thymus

.. . .92

Carpinus

16

Heuchera

-87

Persimmon

26

Tilia

I?

Carya

is, 16

Hibiscus

- S3,

87

Phellodendron

26

Tradescantia

. . . .92

Castanea

I 4, 15

Hickoria

.I"ii

16

Philadelphus

...-65

Tricyrtis

.. ..92

Catalpa

•13, 55

Hickory

-I Si

16

Phlox

-90, 91

Trollius

.. .-92

Cedrus

34

Highbush Cranberrv

.66

Physocarpus

Trumpet Creeper . ..

Celastrus

• • --74

Holly

.69

Physostegia

.. . .91

Tsuga

35, 36

Centaurea

-- -.83

Hollyhock

81

82

Picea

-45-50

Tulip Tree

.. . .27

Cephalotaxus

• • --34

Honeysuckle

- S8,

75

Pieris

68

Ulmus

15

Cerastium

-.-.83

Hornbeam

16

Pine

- 37-43

Umbrella Tree

.. ..19

Cercis

.16, 60

Horse-chestnut

.16,

58

Pink

• 84, 85

Valeriana

. . . .92

Chamsecyparis

•43, 44

Hydrangea

.58,

59

Pinus

•37-43

Varnish Tree

17

Cherry

.. .. 13

Hypericum

•59

Pinxter Flower

- • • • 54

Veronica

. . . .92

Chestnut

•14, IS

Ilex

.60

Pitch P ne

•39-43

Viburnum

.6s, 66

Chionanthus

--•-57

Indian Currant

•59

Plane Tree

26

Vinca 70,

71, 02

Chinese Bellflower . .

.. ..91

Inkberry

.60

Plantain Lily

8s

Viola

.. ..92

Chinese Cork Tree..

26

Iris ,

*7

,88

Platanus

26

Violet

. . . .92

Chokeberry 55 Ivy 75 Platycodon 91 Virgjlea 27

Chrysanthemum ....83. 84 Japan Cypress 43, 44 Polygonatum 91 Virgjnia Creeper 76

Citrus . 62 Japanese Judas 60 Poplar 26 Virgin's Bower 84

Cladrastis 27 Japanese Maples . . . . 61, 62 Poppy 90 Walnut 27

Clematis 74, 84 Japanese Toad Lily .... 92 Populus 26 Wax Myrtle 55

Clethra 65 Japanese Windflower ...82 Primrose 91 Weigela 66

Columbine 82 Judas Tree 16 Primula 91 White Pine 37~39

Cone-flower 91 Juglans 27 Privet 62 White Spruce 45~47

Convallaria 84 Juniper 36 Prunus 13, 22 White-wood 27

Coral Berry 59 Juniperus 3 }, 36 Pseudotsuga 50 Wild Honeysuckle 54

Corchorus 56 Kalmia '. . 70 Pueraria 76 Willow 27, 66

Coreopsis 84 Kansas Gay Feather 88 Purple Fringe 63 Wistaria 7»

Cornflower 91 Kentucky Coffee Tree 16 Pyrethrum 01 Witch Hazel 66

Coraua 15,56 Kerria 56,63 Pyrus 55 Withe Rod 65

Cowslip 91 Kniphofia . .88 Quercus 23 Woundwort 02

Cratasgus 27 Koelreuteria 17 Ragged Robin 89 Xanthorrhiza 66

Cup Plant 91 Kudzu Vine 76 Ranunculus 91 Yellow Root 66

Daffodil 90 Laburnum 60 Red Bud 16 Yellow-wood 27

Daphne 68 Lamp Flower . . ..89 Red Cedar 33 Yew .so, 51

Uay Lily 85 Larch 17 Red-hot-poker Plant 88 Yucca 73,92

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Index

103

Index of Landscape Problems, etc.

AGRICULTURE, Dept. of, 94; Agri-
cultural Exp. Stations, 94.

ARCHES. — Cedar, Privet, 33, 62.

AUTUMN COLOR. — Andromeda ar-
borea, Barberry, Dogwood, For-
sythia viridissima, Liquidambar,
[apanese Maple, Sugar Maple,
Tartarian Maple, Red Maple,
Sumach, Pin Oak, Scarlet Oak,
Red Oak, Black Oak, Virginia
Creeper, 62.

AVENUE. — Maple, Oak, Elm, Linden,
Tulip, Japanese Poplar, Pine,
Cedar, 25.

AZALEA, culture of, 53; grouping
colors of, 53; planting in shade,

53-

BALDWIN, Mr. W. H., 32.

BANK. — Plants holding steeper than
sod, — Pine, Cedar, Spruce, Bay-
berry, Virginia Creeper, Honey-
suckle, Indian Currant, Rosa
Wichuraiana, 75; bank, planting

of, 54, 78-79-
BELMONT, Mr. August.
BKRRY-BEARING, — Chpkeberry,
Berberis Thunbergii, B. vulgaris,
Celas/rus scandens, Chionanthus
Virginieus, Cornns alba, C. florida
C. Kousa, C. paniculata, Elceag-
nus longipes, E. umbellata, Euony-
mus radicans, Ilex crenata, I.
opaca, Ligustrum media, L. regeli-
anum, Lonicera Tatarica, Mag-
nolia acuminaia, M. Fraserii, M.
glauca, M. Kobus, M. tripetala,
Primus marilima, Rhus lyphina,
Rosa rugosa, Sambucus racemosa,
Taxus Canadensis, Viburnum
aceri/olium, V. cassi'ioides, V.
dentalum, V. dilatatum, V . lentago,
V. Opulus, V. Sieboldii.
BLAIR, Mr. James A., 51.
BLUFF, planting of, 31. See bank.
BOXWOOD borders, reserve supply
for winter-killing, 68; conditions
for, 68; borders, substitutes for,
6q; Viburnum Opulus nanus (66),
Myrtle (71), English Ivy (75),
Ilex crenata (69), Dwarf Arbor-
vitae (32), Dianthus (84), Phlox
subulata (90), Armeria (82); old,
moved by Hick's tree-mover, 28,
68.

BURBANK, Luther, 84, 97.
BURR, Mr. Winthrop, 27.
BORERS in fruit trees, 94.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF L. I —

Soil Survey of the L. I. Area, N.
Y., Bonsteel, 1904. Obtainable
of U. S. Dept. of Agr., Bureau of
Soils, 1904, or L. I. and Brook-
lyn members of Congress.
Sandy Soils and Their Improve-
ment. Obtainable of N. J. Agr.
Exp. Sta., New Brunswick, N. J .
The Relation between Forestry
and Geology in N. J. By
Arthur Hollick, N. Y. Bot.
Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y.
Atlas of Suffolk County, L. I.;
Atlas of Nassau county; pocket
map, Borough of Queens, and
of Nassau county, all showing
farm lines. Obtainable of E.
Belcher Hyde, 97 Liberty St.,
Brooklyn.

The Lure of the Land, by Fuller-
ton ; The Agronomist (bi-
monthly). Obtainable of L. I.
R. R. Co., 263 Fifth Ave., N. Y.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF L. I.—

Mosquito Extermination, North
Shore, L. I., 1902. Obtainable
from Wilmont T. Cox, Sec'y,
34 Pine St., New York, N. Y.

Pleistocene Geology of Portions
of Nassau county and Borough
of Queens, with map. By J. B.
Woodworth. Obtainable of N.
Y. State Museum, Albany,
N. Y. 25 cents.

Classification of Climates, II. By
Robert DeC. Ward, Harvard
University. Obtainable of R.
DeC. Ward, Harvard Univer-
sity, Cambridge, Mass.

Comparative chart of Long Isl-
and soil and climate, and means
for obtaining best results. By
Henry Hicks, 1904. Obtain-
able of I. Hicks & Son, West-
bury Sta., Nassau Co., L. I.
Servoss' Sectional Map of L. I.
I. H. Blanchard Co., 268 Canal
St., N. Y.

Report of the Commission on
Additional Water Supply for
the City of N. Y., 1903. Ob-
tainable from Dept. of Water
Supply, N. Y.

Clays of N. Y. Obtainable of N.
Y. State Museum, Albany, N.Y.

Topographical maps of. Ob-
tainable of "The Director" U.
S. Geo. Survey, Washington,
D. C., Rand McNally Co., 142
Fifth Ave., N. Y. City.

Coast and Geodetic Survey; Pilot
Charts. Obtainable of Coast
and Geodetic Survey, Washing-
ton, D. C., and Negus & Co.,
140 Water St., N. Y. City.

Underground Water Resources of
L. I. Veatch & Bowman. Ob-
tainable of U. S. Geo. Survey,
Washington, D. C.
CITY, back yard, small plants for. —

Azalea, Rhododendron, Yew, Box,

Roses, Ferns, Vines, Myrtle,

Pachysandra, Deutzia gracilis,

Forsythia, Retinospora, Privet,

Wistaria, English Ivy, Japanese

Ivy, Euonymus radicans.
COWL, Mr. Clarkson, 49.
COURT HOUSE, Nassau Co., 44.
CRAVATH, Mr. Paul D., 72.
COUNTRY RESIDENCES, all the year,

10.

COMPLAINTS, 3.

COLLECTING, Wild trees and shrubs,

69, 80.

CHESTNUT, bark disease, cure for,i4.
COVER PLANTING on dry ground, 73.
CLIMATE SIMILARITY, Long Island

and N. C. Mts., 72; L. I. and

Colorado Mts., 50; L I. and East

Asia, 21-75.
CLIMBING ROSES, 79.
CLEMATIS DISEASE, 74.
COVER PLANTING, 78, 79; with

Laurel, Mahonia, Myrtle, Lcu-

cothoe, 70; Yellowroot, 66; Iris

cristata, 81, 88, 90.
CLOTHES POLES, Japanese Ivy on, 76.
CURRANT WORM, 99.
CHEEVER, Mr. John D., 46.
FORMAL GARDEN MATERIAL, 32.

See Evergreens, Lindens.
DAWSON, Mr. Jackson, 79.
DE FOREST, Mr. Robert W., 79.
DELIVERY, charge for, 3.
DEAD STOCK, 3.

DISSATISFACTION, 3.

DOGWOOD, planting to harmonize
with, 54.

DROUGHT-RESISTERS, 55, 64: —
Honeysuckle (75), Yucca (73),
Amsonia (82), Asclepias (82),
Cactus (83), Pinks (84), Habe-
naria (86), Sedum (91), Ther-
mopsis (92), Lupins (89). See,
also, dry ground, trees for.

DRY GROUND, Trees for. — White
Birch, Japanese Chestnut, Hick-
ory, Hornbeam, Norway Maple,
Oaks, Sassafras, Cockspur Thorn,
Red Cedar, Fir, Juniper, Pine,
Spruce, Bayberry, Elasagnus,
Hazelnut, Indigo Bush, Privet,
Sumach, Witch-hazel. See, also,
drought-resisters.

DRIVE, groups of shrubs bordering,

52-

DELIVERY, large trees, 3.

EVERGREENS, planting at founda-
tions, 44; how to plant, 3, 30;
large tree-moving, 8; large, up to
30 ft., by rail or barge, 10; moving,
time of year, 10; less water re-
quired for than for deciduous
trees, 8; for tubs, 32; three ways
of packing, 38; dislike of, 45; for
seaside planting, 46, (see seaside
list); cover planting with, 51;
from seeds, difficulties, 46; from
Europe, 29; uses of, 29; dingy
color in winter, 32; for windbreaks,
capital required, 46; and White
Birch grouped, 49; golden, —
Retinospora plumosa, var. aurea
(32); Golden Arborvitas, Golden
Yew (44); dwarf, 50; to allow
view over, 40; bed of, as at New-
port, 43; hardiness of, from dif-
ferent altitudes and regions, 50;
for city smoke, — Yew, Austrian
Pine, Mugho Pine (50), Rhodo-
dendron, English Ivy.

ENTRANCE COURT, 48.

ENTRANCE planting of Rhodotypos,
63; formal avenues, i.

ENTRANCE DRIVE, informal, 2; from
old farm lane, 54.

EXPERIMENT STATION, 93.

FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS,
late summer, — Kcelreuteria (17,
76-78), Andromeda, Magnolia
parvifiora, M. Lennei, M. pur-
purea, Althaea, Hydrangea, Dwarf
Horse-chestnut, Rhus Osbeckii,
Spircea Anthony Waterer, Rosa
rugosa, Lonicera Hcckrollii. See,
also, Hardy Flowers, 81.

FLOWERS, late autumn. — Witch
Hazel, Chrysanthemum (12),
Anemone (82), Aster Taturicus,
Salvia azurea, var. grandiflora,
Lonicera Heckrottii; evening, 90;
hardy, on small areas, 81, 87, 92;
annual, from seed to plant with
hardy flowers, 81 ; tall-growing,
for shrub plantations, 81; late,
how to produce by cutting back,
91.

FLOWER GARDENS, where no room
for formal garden, 81, 87, 92

FOREST FIRES OF L. I., Fire-warden
law, 39.

FOREST PROBLEMS, reports on, 38.

FORESTRY. — Oaks, Pines, Spruce,
Hickory, 4, 23. See price-list.

FORMAL GARDEN, 29, 30.

FRUIT, home supply vs. bought, 93.

104

Isaac Hicks &• Son, Westbury Station, N. Y.— Index

Index of Landscape Problems, etc., continued

FRAGRANCE, plants notable for. —
Linden, Magnolia, Styrax, Balsam
Fir, Pine, Azalea, Upright Honey-
suckle, Lilac, Hardy Orange,
Sweet-scented Shrub, Sweet Pep-
per Bush, Syringa, Daphne, Rose,
Clematis, Honeysuckle, Wistaria,
Witch Hazel, Dianthus, Funkia
subcordata, Li Hum, Monarda,
Narcissus, Thymus, Violet.

FUNGUS, 93, 94.

GEOLOGY OF L. I., 55, 87. See
Bibliography of L. I.

GUTHRIE, Mr. W. D., 2.

GARBAGE CAN SCREEN. See Laun-
dry Screen, Service Court Screen.

GRAPES, bagging and spraying, 99.

GRAVEL, 73.

GUARANTEE, 3.

HALL, Japanese missionary, 74.

HEDGE PLANTS. — Beech, Hornbeam
Magnolia glauca, M. slellala,
Cockspur Thorn, Arborvitae, Red
Cedar, Hemlock, White Pine,
Scotch Pine, White Spruce, Norway
Spruce, Yew; Althaea, Japanese
Barberry, Upright Honeysuckle,
Lilac, Tartarian Maple, Japa-
nese Maple, Hardy Orange, Privet,
Rhodotypos, Sweet Pepper Bush,
Boxwood, Holly, Rosa rugosa.

HEMLOCK, in shrubbery, 52.

HEMLOCK HEDGE, old, for sale, n.

HEMPSTEAD PLAINS. How to in-
crease value of for residence, 48.

HICKS, Mr. John D., 29.

HITCHCOCK, Mr. T., Jr., 6.

HOLLY, how to raise from seed, 70.

HOUSE FOUNDATIONS, planting
against, 41, 42.

INSECTS, 94.

ITALIAN GARDEN, 9, 29, 30.

IVY, English, conditions for, 76.

JAPAN AND EAST ASIA, plants from,
21.

KITCHEN SCREEN, 2, 5, 6, 10, 16,
28, 30, 32, 34, 40. See Screen
Planting.

LADENBURG, Mr. Adolph, 60.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, 4, 9, 10, 87

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, 4.

LANDSCAPE FORESTRY, 4, 14.

LANDSCAPE PLANS, charge for, 3.

LARGE TREES, how to order, 7 ;
how to plant and care for, 8; on
lawn, 2; up to 30 ft. by rail, 7, 8;
cheap, — -Catalpa, Silver Maples
(19-21), Japanese Poplar. See
price-list.

LARGE TREES MOVED. Density
second year, 12.

LARGE TREE-MOVING. Success and
and failure, 7; trip to inspect, 7.

LARGE PINES AND SPRUCE MOVED,
it.

LAUNDRY SCREEN, 6, 32, 34. Sec
Screen Planting.

LAWN, substitute on dry ground,
73, 9°-

LAWRENCE, Mr. John L., 25.

LEAF-MOULD. See Mulch.

LINDEN, small-leaved, 6.

LOCUST, favorable to vines, 76;
shrubs, Rhodode'ndron, etc., un-
der, 74.

McALPiN, Dr. D. H., 34.

MACKEY, Mr. Clarence H., i, n.

MAGENTA-COLOR, 88.

MAXWELL, Mr. J. Rogers, 23, 43,
45, 49-

MORTIMER, Mr. S., 9, 28, 29, 30,
33, 83, 91-

MOIST SOIL, trees and shrubs for. —
Ash, Elm, Magnolia, Red Maple,
Carolina Poplar, Willow, White
Cedar, Yew, Button Bush, Red-
twigged Dogwood, Marsh Elder,
Japanese Pussy Willow, Holly,
and many others.

MOSQUITO EXTERMINATION. See
Bibliography, 87.

MULCH, how to hold, 71, 72.

NITROGEN - GATHERERS. — Locust,
Yellow-wood, Indigo Bush, Elreag-
nus, Siberian Pea Tree, Desmo-
dium, Lupin, Thermopsis, Lathy-
rus, 56.

NUTS, 16, 27, 51, 58, 101.

OAK, Avenue, Mineola, on gravel
subsoil, 25.

OCEAN INFLUENCE. Favorable to
Privet, 35; unfavorable to Hem-
lock, 35; map of ocean influence
to test sewage pollution, 35; favor-
able to English Yew, 51.

PATHS. — Grass vs. gravel, 92.

PATRONS, large-tree moving, 10.

PAYMENT, terms, 3.

PHIPPS, Mr. J. S., 10.

PLAN, 5.

PLANT BREEDERS, 70, 84, 86, 96, 97.

"PLANT THICK, THIN QUICK,"

23, 29.

PLANTING, by our men, 3.

PLANTING SEASON, relative unim-
portance of, 3; how to lengthen, 3;
large trees, 3.

PLAY HOUSE OF WEEPING MUL-
BERRY, 22.

POPLAR, Japanese, 27.

PRICES, 3. See price-list.

PRUNING, 3, 94; evergreens in June
to keep dense and resist wind,
38, 45; wild and collected shrubs,
80; hard-wood trees, Oak, Beech,
12, 24; Holly, 69.

PRATT ESTATE, GLEN COVE, 41, 47.

PURPLE- AND RED-FOLIAGED TREES
AND SHRUBS. — Japanese Maple,
Barberry, Beech, Norway Maple, 1 2 .

RED-FOLIAGED. See Purple.

RED-FOLIAGED TREES. See Purple.

REGAN, Mr. T. J., 52.

RHODODENDRON, culture, 67, 71;
relative shade and moisture re-
quirements of Rhododendron
catawbiense and R. maximum,
72, 73; grouping colors, 71; purple
shades, how to group, 67, 72;
soils and places to avoid, 71.

RIPLEY, Mrs. S. D., 41.

ROSE BUGS, how to overcome, 77,

78, 79-

SAND, bank, 31; pits, 40 (see Dry
Ground, and Drought-resisters);
how cover, 52 (see Drought-re-
sisters, Dry Ground, Sea-side).

SAND DUNES, 40. See Dry Soil, and
Seaside list.

SCALE, spraying for, 93.

SCREEN PLANTING, with low-
branched trees, 9, 10, n, 12, 13,
14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 33,
33, 37, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49;
with shrubs, 52, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64,
65, 67, 81; with vines, 74, 75,
76; with Golden Glow, 91.

SCREEN, Kitchen, 2, 5, 6, 34 (see
Screen Planting) ; village, 1 1 ;
large evergreens for, 8, 28, • 29,
3°, S2, 33, 40, 42, 45, 48; small
evergreens for (see price-list), — •
Cedar, Pine, Spruce, Hemlock
(see Windbreak).

SEA WALL AND JETTIES, 31.

SEASIDE (See, also, Sand, Dry
Ground). — Sycamore, Norway
Maple, Red Maple, Plane, Ca-
talpa, Wild Cherry, Poplar, Oak,
Willow, Locust, Magnolia, Red
Cedar, Pitch Pine, Scotch Pine,
Austrian Pine, Pinus densiflora,
Mugho Pine, Juniper, White
Spruce, Concolor Fir, Privet,
Marsh Elder, Beech Plum, Rosa
rugosa, R. Nitida, R. Wichu-
raiana, Bayberry, Upright Honey-
suckle, Tamarix, Holly, Choke-
berry, Yucca, Virginia Creeper,
Japanese Honeysuckle, Wistaria,
Trumpet Creeper, Sea-sand Reed,
or Amophylla, Cactus, 13, 33, 65,

76-79, •

SEED-PODS, rusty, how to avoid,
64, 91.

SHADE, what kind to avoid for Rho-
dodendrons, 71.

SHADE-ENDURING PLANTS, — Dicen-
tra eximia, Digitalis, Lily-of-the-
Valley, 67, 84, 85.

SHRUBS, large and quick for imme-
diate effect, — Althaea, Catalpa,
Deutzia, Red-twigged Dogwood,
Elaagnus umbellata, Forsythia,
Hercules' Club, Upright Honey-
suckle, Tartarian Maple, Privet,
Spiriza opulifolia, Styrax Japon-
ica, Sumach, Sweet Pepper Bush,
Syringa, Viburnum, Weigela.

SOIL, carting good, unnecessary, 30.

SPRAYING, 3, 93, 99.

STABLE SCREEN, 36. See Screen and
Kitchen Screen.

STAKES AND GUYS, inside cover.

SUBSTITUTION, 3.

SWAMP, See Moist Soil.

TREES, Small -growing. — Androm-
eda, White Birch, Japan Chest-
nut, Dogwood, Hornbeam, Judas,
Kcelreuteria, Magnolia glauca,
M. Kobus, Styrax, Silver-bell,
Cockspur Thorn, Arborvitas, Red
Cedar, Retinospora, White Fringe,
Tartarian Maple.

TREES FOR SYMMETRY, — Linden,
Norway Maple, Trimmed Silver
Maple, 7.

TROPICAL FOLIAGE. — Magnolia,
White Fringe, Aralia, Paulowni/i,
Sumach, 18.

TREES, quick-growing. — Catalpa,
Elm, Larch, Linden, Liquidam-
bar, Magnolia, Maple, Pin Oak,
Red Oak, Phellodendron, Poplar,
Willow, Tulip, Black Walnut,
Red Cedar, Hemlock, Scotch Pine,
Pitch Pine, Austrian Pine, Jack
Pine, Pinus densiflora, Red and
White Pines, Norway Spruce,
White Spruce, Douglas' Spruce.

TRUE TO NAME, 3.

VINES, succession of flowers and
color, 74.

WATERING, 8, inside cover.

WINTER-KILLING, 67; California
Privet, away from ocean, 35;
California Privet, substitute for,
63; Oak, from Philadelphia, 26;
importance of local seed and
matching climate, 50; of Euro-
pean trees, 36, 46.

WINDBREAK, 9, n, 16, 28, 30, 32,
33, 34, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46,
48, 49. See, also, Screen and
Seaside lists.

WOODS, thinning out, 4, 14; feather-
ing down newly cut, 14; planting
in, 15, 36> 53, 57, 7°, 71, 84, 85-

J. HORACE MoFARLAND COMPANY, HORTICULTURAL PRINTERS. HAKRISBURG, PA

:s FOR LONG ISLAND

STOCK LIST

March • 1909

Uestlmrp

ISAAC HICKS & SON
Station, Nassau County, Long Island, New York

BUSINESS TERMS

ces in this list are for trees and plants dug and loaded at Westbury Nurseries. Five, 50,

10, 100, and 1,000 rates, respectively. Selected specimens at advanced price, according to

i. Items left unpriced are generally large specimens that are usually priced to include de-

.nd planting. Prices subject to change without notice.

es on ordinary-sized nursery stock are usually for stock dug and loaded at the Nursery.

barged according to distance and expense. Stock to be shipped by freight or express will

straw bales and boxes, charged at cost of material and labor. Delivery to railroad is free,

.y ceases.

ree-mover, and large evergreens, are priced, by correspondence, as follows: (1) To include

in hole prepared by us; (2) to include delivery and planting when hole is prepared and

purchaser; or, (3) delivery and planting charged by the day.

13NT — -Net Cash. Accounts will be subject to sight draft sixty days from the date of shi re-
spondents should send satisfactory reference or cash with order. Money orders may be
r Station, Nassau county, New York.

T ALL OUR CUSTOMERS BE FULLY SATISFIED, and wish to be promptly notified
ay be rectified. We do not agree to consider complaints later than ten days after delivery.

Without boasting infallibility, we warrant our stock true to name, and will replace any
vise, or refund the original price, but we will not be held responsible for more than the
•ees.

Late in the season we may be out of some varieties and sizes of fruit and other trees, and
varieties and sizes unless otherwise ordered.

ie living of trees is largely dependent upon conditions of weather and after-care beyond
ol; therefore, we do not guarantee trees to live after leaving the Nursery in good condition,
ment and special price. If guarantee is desired, customers are requested to so state when

OBJECT OF THIS PRICE-LIST. By giving quantities in this list, our aim is to enable customers to order
stock on hand, thus avoiding delay and disappointment. It shows dimensions of large specimens in sizes never
before offered by nurseries, which' save from fifteen to forty years of waiting. In offering smaller and cheaper
stock, grown from Long Island and Northern seed, that fits the conditions and is hardy, we enable the purchaser
to obtain results with the minimum outlay.

Address all orders to Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, Nassau county, New York. Local and long-dis-
tance telephone, 68 Westbury. Telegraphic address, Westbury Station, New York.

For large trees, see Ash, Birch, Gatalpa, Elm, Linden, Maple, Oak, Poplar,

Tulip, Cedar, Fir, Hemlock, Pine, Retinospora, Spruce.

For larger trees and varieties not listed, write us.

FOR PRICES OF LARGE TREES DELIVERED AND PLANTED WRITE US, STATING
IF HOLES WILL BE DUG OR MEN FURNISHED TO ASSIST IN PLANTING

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY