Louisiana Conservationist

SUMMER RESORTS AT OUR DOORSTEPS

Over $500,000 Realized From
Marsh Island Oil Lease

Loiiisianians are urged to spend their vacation near tiome this
summer. With fine fishing streams and large state parl<s available in
almost every section of the State, Louisianians do not have to go far to
find wholesome healthful recreation. Above is a view of one of ten over-
night cabins at Chicot State Park near Ville Platte in Evangeline Parish.
(Read details of this story on page 4.)

Marsh Island, last geophysically
unexplored land of its size in the
State, was leased last month by the
State Mineral Board for a record-
breaking consideration of $503,-
000 cash bonus, plus $251,500
yearly rental, and 20 percent
royalty and a $5,000,000 oil pay-
ment to be paid out of an addi-
tional l-20th royalty if produc-
tion is established.

The lease was awarded to the
Superior Oil Company, one of
seven companies bidding for the
75,000 acres included in the
Marsh Island tract. The seven
bids received by the State Mineral
Board were as follows:

Humble Oil & Refining Com-
pany, $100,000 bonus, $50,000

rentals, l-6th royalty, $2,000,000
oil payment out of 1-9 6th royalty.
California Company, $100,000
bonus, $200,000 advance royalty
money, $150,000 rentals, Vsth
royalty and $1,225,000 oil pay-
ment out of additional l-48th
royalty. Stanolind Oil and Gas
Company, $426,142.38 bonus,
$213,071.19 rentals, 7-4Sth roy-
alty, $2,500,000 oil payment out
of l-48th additional royalty. Su-
perior Oil Company, $503,000
bonus, $251,500 rentals, $5,000,-
000 oil payment out of l-120th
royalty and a straight royalty of
20 per cent. Amerada Petroleum
Company, $405,496 bonus, $202,-
748 rentals, Vsth royalty and $1,-
I (Continued to Page 8, Column 1)

Sportsmen Spend Two Billion
Dollars Hunting and Fishing

Hunting and fishing are sports
which will play a far more impor-
tant part in the recreational pic-
ture of the post-war world than
they have in the past.

These sports are participative
sports. One doesn't sit in a grand
stand and watch the other fellow
hunt or fish. If he likes these
healthy sports, he does the pleas-
ant job himself — and definitely
does NOT want an audience.
Companionship? Sure! But not
an audience !

"In peace time more than 20,-
000,000 Americans hunt or fish —
or both, according to NATION'S
BUSINESS. A conservative esti-
mate of their individual annual
expenditures in the enjoyment of

their favorite sports could be set
(for round numbers) at $100.
This includes equipment, travel
and odds and ends, the description
of which would require the space
of a sporting encyclopedia.

Two Billion a Year

Summed up, this means that,
in peace times, the American
sportsmen were spending $2,000,-
000,000 a year for their favorite
sports — and liking it. This means
about $25,000,000 in Louisiana.
It is predicted that when the boys
come home they'll want to re-
lax— and hunt and fish. And
they'll also be more than willing
to do their share toward main-
taining a goodly supply of game
(Continued to Page 2, Column 1)

SAFETY RULES FOR ANGLERS

Every summer fishing accidents prove fatal to a
large number of people. Here are seven Do's and Don't's
recommended by the Wild Life and Fisheries Depart-
ment to help fishermen keep out of trouble:

1. Protect your head with a wide brim hat and
wear clothing adequate for protection from wind and in-
sect bites.

2. Carry a vacuum bottle or flask of good drinking
water. Drinking lake or stream water that has not been
boiled is dangerous.

3. Be cautious while in a boat, especially when wear-
ing heavy boots or other clothing that will hamper you
in swimming.

4. When bait-casting from a boat, usethe overhand
cast so you will not endanger your companions.

5. Carry a first-aid kit and promptly sterilize
scratches and punctures from hooks and fish fins, which
often cause infection.

6 Should a fishhook become buried in the flesh,
don't try to pull it out. Push it on around and out through
the skin. Cut off the barb with the wire cutter or pair
of pliers which should always be in your kit; then the
hook may be extracted easily.

7. Don't venture out on the water in stormy weather.
When the weather is threatening, head for shore.

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

JIMMIE H. DAVIS

Governor of Louisiana

JOHN G. APPEL

Commissioner

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

Published Monthly in the interest of coiisefi'atioii by the

Louisiana Department of Wild Life and Fisheries

126 Civil Courts Building, New Orleans, La.

Isaac D. Chapman
Editor

Permission for publication of all material in this issue is granted on condition that we receive marked copies and that credit be given
for any illustrations reproduced. Contributions and photographs will be welcomed. Each should be accompanied by stamped return enve-
lope. Proper credit will be given on all material accpted.

Volume 3

JULY, 1945

Number 8

Sportsmen Spend
Two Billions for
Hunting-Fishing

(Continued from Page 1)

and fish for this and future gen-
erations.

Wildlife has had a rest during
the. present war. Certain species
have increased to such an extent
that control measures have been
necessary. This, however, is not
a normal situation and when the
boys come back they'll be mighty
happy to reap the so-called sur-
plus crop.

Some authorities believe that
sportsmen and returning service

men, eager to enjoy peace-time
hunting and fishing, may bring
the annual post-war hunting and
fishing expenditure up to as much
as $3,000,000,000.

Different Than Baseball

These figures may seem rather
fantastic to some. The average
baseball fan spends about $30 a
year for his tickets. He doesn't
need new equipment to sit in the
grand stand and cheer for the
home team. And he doesn't have
to pay much for transportation to
and from the ball park.

It's a somewhat diff'erent stoi-y
with the hunter or the angler. He
is, in a major way, a participator,
and in a minor way, a spectator.

He has to replenish his expend-
able equipment every season, but
the anticipation of using his new
rods, lures or guns makes up for
the dent in his pocketbook.

His equipment is not the whole
story. Travel, food, lodging and
many other factors enter the pic-
ture of his expenditures. Items
too numerous to mention — but
you can bet that a larger annual
expenditure by sportsmen in the
post-war period is not too much
to expect.

The colorful annual, ceremony
of the blessing of the shrimp fleet
will take place in Moi'gan City
i the latter part of August.

LOUISIANA GI
RECOVERING FROM
SHOCK OF NEWS THAT
MUSKRAT'S TAIL IS
FLAT, NOT ROUND

Last March the Department of
Wild Life and Fislieries received
a V-mail letter from a Louisiana
Yank in Germany requesting "au-
thorative information" to settle a
debate between him and a buddy
on whether the muskrat's tail is
round or flat. Commissioner Appel
referred the matter to Major
James Brown, director of the Fish
and Game Division, who promptly
sent indisputable evidence reveal-
ing that the muskrat's tail is flat.

Last week Major Brown re-
ceived an acknowledgment from
the Louisiana G.I. He said that
being a native of Louisiana, he
thought he knew his "rats" but
a different kind of a "rat" from
Brooklyn, "of all the places in
the world," proved to him that
he was wrong. His V-mail letter,
which speaks for itself, is repro-
duced in the next column. The
Sergeant also sent along a picture
of himself which is reproduced
along side his letter.

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DIRECTORY OF DIVISION

HEADS AND OFFICIALS

OF WILD LIFE AND

FISHERIES

DEPARTMENT

John G. Appel, Commissioner

L. J. Scanlon,

Executive Assistant

H. M. Grode, Chief Accountant

J. N. Gowanloch,
Chief Biologist

Isaac D. Chapman,
Education and Publicity

J. C. LeBlanc, Enforcement

Armand P. Daspit,
Fur and Wildlife Refuge

James Brown,
Fish and Game

J. N. McConnell,
Oyster and Waterbottoms

Lou's Cusachs,
Research and Statistics

Above is a picture of S/Sgt.
Arthur 0. Saunier, taken in Sterb-
fritz, Germany. In sending his pic-
ture, Sgt. Saunier wrote his own
caption for it, and here is what he
says about himself:

"You can tell from the expression
on my face that I am quite stupid —
I am the guy that thought the
i muskrat's tail was round."

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

NOW YOUR LOUISIANA FISH

By JAMES NELSON GOWANLOCH,

Chief Biologist, Fish and Game Division,

Louisiana Department of Wild Life & Fisheries

No. 4 WHITE CRAPPIE

Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque

Other Names: White Perch (in Northern Louisiana), Sac-a-lait
(in Southern Louisiana), Strawberry Perch, Speckled Perch, Silver
Perch, and also Goggle-eye and Chinquapin Perch, which names it
shares with some other species.

Range: From Nebraska and the Mississippi Basin of Minnesota
through western and southeastern Wisconsin and south through the
Mississippi Valley to Texas and southern Alabama. Occurs north
along the Atlantic slope to North Carolina.

Size: Length, 12 inches.

Identification: White Crappie distinguishable from Black Crappie
by the 5 or 6 stout spines in the dorsal fin instead of 7 or 8 present
in the Black Crappie. The White Crappie shows a more "S" shaped
dorsal profile from the top of the gill cover forward to the snout than
does the Black Crappie.

Fin Formula: Dorsal fin with 5 or 6 graduated spines and 15
soft rays; anal fin, 6 spines and 18 soft rays.

Description: Color, silvery olive mottled with dark green; the
dark marks chiefly in the upper part of the body and having a tend-
ency to form narrow vertical bars. Dorsal and caudal fins marked
with green; anal fin, pale and nearly plain. The fins are very high
but are lower than in the Black Crappie. The head is long, the upper
profile being more or less strongly "S" shaped, owmg to the projectmg
snout.

Food:
Be

Chiefly carnivorous.

ts: Both species of crappie are best taken with underwater
baits; minnows first of all; second, any underwater spinner that would
resemble a minnow; third, grass shrimp; fourth, worms.

Value: Extremely popular. Both the Black Crappie and White
Crappie have been well named "the fish for the millions."

General: The two species of crappies are usually confused by
fishermen chiefly because of their extreme variability in color. Re-
peatedly the sportsmen can catch a fine string of crappie that are
dark in color and to their amazement discover that after they have
moved their boat to a new position and left their string overboard,
the fish will have changed completely to a pale silvery olive. How-
ever, any sportsman can readily count the spines of the dorsal fin,
which in the case of the Black Crappie are 7 or 8, and in the White
Crappie are 5 or 6. There is also a definite difference in the tendency
of the dark markings on the White Crappie to form vertical bars
or rings.

The crappies belong to one of our highly important fresh water
fish families, the Centrarchidae, wherein belong, many sportsmen will
be surprised to learn, the valuable Large-mouthed Blass Bass ("Green
trout" in Louisiana), the Spotted Bass (Kentucky bass), as well as
all the various Bream, "Brim", Sunfish and "Perch." No fish family
has more confused popular names tlian have the Centrarchidae. Any-
one can start simple endless arguments by trying to tell any ^sports-
man what exactly is a "goggle-eye" and what is a "calico bass.

Fishing methods for the two groups are similar, as are the good
pan qualities of both species. They are definitely among our better
pan fish. White Perch from the colder deep waters of some of our
lakes are real prizes.

(v "^a »j' J3a "j?*.

^. ^-^^^^^S^'

No. 5

BLACK CRAPPIE

Pomoxis nigro-maculatus (LeSueur)

(This species formerly was designated by the technical name

Pomoxis sparoides (Lacepede)

Other Names: Calico Bass, Strawberry Bass; both names also
shared by other species.

Rangei: Southern Canada from Manitoba and the Lake of the
Woods to Quebec, south to Lake Champlain and through the Great
Lakes; in the Mississippi River drainage from eastern Nebraska and
from Minnesota to western New York and Pennsylvania, south to
Texas and northern Florida; near the Atlantic coast, northward to
North Carolina.

Size: Length, 12 inches.

Identification: Black Crappie distinguishable from the White
Crappie by the 7 or 8 stout spines in the dorsal fin instead of the
5 or 6 present in the White Crappie.

Fin Formula: Dorsal fin, 7 or 8 spines and 15 soft rays; anal
fin, 6 spines and 17 or 18 soft rays.

Description: Color, silver mottled with clear olive green, the
dark mottling scattered in irregular small patches and covering the

pale spots. The anal fin is marked like the dorsal. There is a dusky
spot on the "ear" (gill cover).

General: The Sunfish family (Centrarchidae) are all nest build-
ers the male usually fanning out an area wherein the eggs are de-
posited by one or more females and the eggs subsequently guarded
by the male during the period of incubation, and the young receiving
some paternal care from him for variable periods after hatching. It
is one striking bit of biology that the male, previously so solicitous
about protecting the young and keeping them m a compact guarded
school suddenly one day reverses his entire behavior and himselt
attacks and disperses his own offspring, often eating a few of them.

The productivity of the crappies can be indicated by one instance
in Texas where a hatchery stocked with only ten pairs of seven inch
Black Crappie (adults) produced, when the pond was drained, 65,67o
fino-erlings. This pond was less than an acre in extent. It has been
demonstrated repeatedly that one of the dangers m pond rearing of
both species of Crappies is the tendency of people to believe, quite
mistakenly that the more brood fish they introduce into the pond
the more young fish they will have. The result of such erroneous
pond management is that fry are produced so far m excess of avail-
able food supply that they fail to reach a useful size and either die
or remain badly stunted. It is interesting to note that White Crappie
weighing up to three pounds have been reported although the adults
usually run from one to two pounds, while adult Black Crappie weigh
up to two pounds, and weights of four pounds have been reported by
Samual Eddy and Thaddeus Surber.

Southern studies seem to indicate that where lakes are alkaline
White Crappie tend to dominate while in neutral or acid lakes the
Black Crappie outnumbers the white species.

Minnows prove to be the best baits for Crappie fishing, iwo or
three inch fish are the best size and can be hooked either throu^
the upper lip or through the back behind the dorsal fin so that th^
will remain alive. Both Black and White Crappie will take flies, small
spinners and small strips of pork rind.

NOTE: It should be pointed out that in the earlier three num-
bers of this series, an error regarding the fin counts crept into the
text. These fin counts are herewith repeated to permit interested
readers to correct the figures previously given. , , . a

Striped Bass — First dorsal, 9 spines; second dorsal, 1 spme and
12 soft rays; anal fin, 3 spines and 11 soft rays.

White Bass (Barfish) — First dorsal, 9 spines;

second dorsal, 1

e ana 14 son ra.vs; auai im, o aijmco n.iu -..-.. ^^ ^- .---- --..-

Yellow Bass — First dorsal, 9 spines; second dorsal, 1 spme ana

whole body. Vertical fins with dark olive reticulations surrounding 12 soft rays; anal fin, 3 spines and 9 or 10 sott lays.

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

SUMMER RESORTS AT OUR DOORSTEPS

More Than 1,000,000 Louisianians Live Within 50 Miles Of A State Park

The Office of Defense Trans-
portation has again issued an ap-
peal for people to forego their
summer vacations as a means of
providing necessary accommoda-
tions for those who travel in the
war interest and our boys and
girls in the armed forces. Our
railroads are sorely taxed to
handle the thousands of troops
en route to ports of embarkation,
soldiers, sailors and marines en-
route home — many of them to
see their kin after weary months
of overseas duty — or returning
from furloughs, and civilians on
official business plus the normal
everyday traveler's.

In the past vacation-minded
Louisianians have traveled to the
far corners of the nation, the
Rockies, the Smokies, the moun-
tains of New England and coastal
summer resorts on the Atlantic,
and Pacific Coasts.

Despite the travel situation and
the request of O.D.T. which pre-
cludes the possibility of long
treks to distant resorts, no Loui-
sianian need go without a vaca-
tion. More than 1,000,000 of our
citizens live within 50 miles travel
distance of the six major state
parks.

Pre-war surveys show the fol-
lowing white populations in rela-
tion to the various state parks:
Fontainebleau State Park near
Mandeville, 450,000; Chemin-A-
Haut State Paik in Morehouse
Parish, 72,147; Chicot State Park
in Evangeline Parish, 165,000;
Fort Pike State Monument near
New Orleans, 450,000; Long-

fellow Evangeline State Park in
St. Martinville Pai-ish, 107,874;
Bogue Falaya Wayside Park in
St. Tammany Parish, 77,368. Re-
member these are pre-war figures
and they do not take into con-
sideration the war-swelled popu-
lations of many cities within a
radius of 50 miles of these parks.

Two of these State Parks,
Chicot State Park in Central
Louisiana and Chemin-A-Haut
State Park in Northeast Loui-
siana, have facilities for over-
night or vacation cabins. No claim
is made that the accommodations
at these parks come up to expen-
sive, topnotch resort hotel stand-
ards where the push of a button
brings the patron everything from
a glass of water to a singing
waiter. The accommodations, how-
ever, are plain, comfortable and
inviting, much more so than some
of the resorts to which Loui-
sianians bustle off each year. The
rates are extremely moderate for
family groups, whether for an
overnight, week-end or vacation
visit. The parks were intended
to give persons of average means,
and even in the low-income
brackets, an opportunity to enjoy
the health-giving benefits of a
vacation away from home.

In every park, there are facil-
ities for picnicking and in many
of them excellent fishing is found
in the lakes and streams. Bogue
Falaya Wayside Park at Coving-
ton has facilities for swimming,
dancing and a fine sand beach on
the Bogue Falaya River. A dam
is being constructed in the Long-

Vacationeers frolic on the fine sandy beach on Lake Pontchartrain
at Fontainebleau State Park near Mandeville. Other facilities at this
park include a bath house, restaurant and picnic areas.

One of five vacation cabins at
Bastrop in Morehouse Parish. This
amphitheatre and a small games cour

Chemin-A-Haut State Park near
park has a large picnic area, an

fellow-Evangeline State Park
which will provide fishing and
boating facilities within the park.
Fort Pike State Monument near
New Orleans has fine fishing facil-
ities. Chicot State Park has
facilities for fishing and swimming
as well as overnight cabins. Fon-
tainebleau State Park has a fine
beach on Lake Pontchartrain, a
bath house and picnic facilities.

The Department of Wild Life
and Fisheries has been helping
to make Louisiana's state parks
more attractive by stocking its
lakes with fish, by stocking many
of its areas with wild life, by
clearing its lakes of water
hyacinths and other hinderances
to good fishing.

Outside of the State Parks,
there ai'e excellent fishing oppor-
tunities in almost every part of
the State. Louisianians need not
go far this year to spend their
vacations.

SHRIMP SEASON CLOSED
UNTIL AUGUST 15th

Louisiana's shrimp season on
inside waters of the State is now
closed until August 15th. This is
in accordance with a law that has
been in effect for several years
providing for two closed seasons
on shrimp during the year. The
first closed season of the year oc-
curred between March 16 and
May 15.

WEBSTER PARISH WILDLIFE
ASS'N ELECTS OFFICERS

At the annual meeting of the
Webster Parish Wild Life Asso-
ciation held in Minden, June 15th,
Lester Almond was elected presi-
dent of the organization.

Others elected were J. Walter
White, vice-president and J. C.
Salmon, Jr., secretary. Last year
there were 452 paid memberships
and an effort is being made this
year to surpass that number.

The organization studied a sug-
gestion to be acted upon later for
conducting an essay contest among
pupils in schools of the parish on
the subject of wildlife conserva-
tion.

LUMBER AFTER WAR
IS BOOKLET THEME

"Lumber After the War: Hoav
Good? How Much? How Long?"
is the title of an article by S. R.
Black, vice president of the Weyer-
haeuser Sales Company, St. Paul,
which has just been published in
booklet form by the American
Forest Products Industries, Inc.

Mr. Black discusses these vital
questions in considerable detail,
reaching conclusions encouraging
to distributors, dealers, builders
and architects who may have been
disturbed by pessimistic reports.

Copies of this booklet are avail-
able on request of the American
Forest Products Industries, Inc.

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

New Era of Conservation Law Enforcement

^5|.^5j. **** ****

HOW TIMES HAVE CHANGED IN LOUISIANA IN RECENT YEARS

Enforcement of Louisiana's fish , bettering the fish and game re-

and game laws is definitely im-l
proving, with the result that there
appears to be more cooperation
from the courts and more general
wholehearted approval from the
public than ever before in Loui-
siana's history.

All of us remember the time not
so many years ago when enforce-
ment of conservation laws in Loui-
siana used to be considered a big
joke. To arrest someone for vio-
lating game and fish laws was con-
sidered an oddity in those days
and when such a violation was
tried- in court and convicted it
made even bigger news. It was
common talk in those days that
people could violate fishing and
hunting laws whenever they
pleased and whenever in rare in-
stances they were apprehended
and charged, the district attorney
would not prosecute, or if a be-
nevolent district attorney did bring
the case into court, an even more
benevolent judge would dismiss
the charges.

And all this occurred in Loui-
siana, mind you, not very many
years ago. In Caddo Parish, for
example, second largest parish in
the State, available records show
only one arrest for conservation
violation in eight years, prior to
1940. In that same parish in five
years since 1940 there have been
nearly 700 arrests for violations
of conservation laws.

Continued educational and pub-
lic relations work has slowly but
surely changed public opinion in
Louisiana and the results are
clearly visible today. Abuses of
conservation law in Louisiana,
which have been under way for
years and seemed to be officially
countenanced in some quarters,
could not be corrected overnight,
or for that matter in the course
of a few years. But by com-
parison the improvements made
recently are so glaring that they
stand out like a beacon-light.

And since the people of Loui-
siana- voted to set-up a separate
State Department to supervise
their fish and game resources, the
change for the better in conserva-
tion enforcement and in all other
phases of fish and game has even
been more noticeable. Since the
new Department of Wild Life and
Fisheries has been in existence
there appears to be more interest
and more public cooperation in

sources of the State than ever
before.

It must be kept in mind that
the new State Department of Wild
Life and Fisheries has been in
existence only a little more than
six months and during that period,
much of the time of the Commis-
sioner and heads of the Depart-
ment have been occupied with
planning programs, perfecting the
organization, smoothing out rough
spots, and laying the groundwork
for an effective, constructive post-
war program to better, improve
and increase Louisiana's important
fish and game resources. And at
the same time the work of the
Department in enforcement and
perpetuation of these resources
have been carried on under strain
and handicap of war-time restric-
tions and obstacles.

Generally, the work and results
of the new Department of Wild
Life and Fisheries in the short
time of its existence has met with
popular approval and support of
the conservationists of Louisiana.
There has been some criticism, but
constructive criticism is always
beneficial and necessary. There
are however, some critics who have
criticised without being aware of
all the facts.

For example, there has been
some recent criticism of the De-
partment's alleged laxity in law
enforcement activities. But the
records and the facts disapprove
these critics:

In the first six months of 1945,
the six months that the new De-
partment of Wild Life and Fish-
eries has been in existence, there
have been more than twice as
many arrests for conservation vio-
lations than there were during the
first six months of last year, and
also more than during the first six
months of 1943. The records tell
the story more eloquently than
words :

First six months of 1945 — 573

arrests.
First six months of 1944 — 262

arrests.
First six months of 1943 — 387

arrests.
Some critics allege that squirrels
are being shot out of season, and
that other conservation laws are
being violated almost every day.
That probably is true. But it must
be remembered that Louisiana is

a little over 100 agents employed
by the Department and there are
millions of acres of hunting and
fishing areas in the State. Obvi-
ously, no matter how good an en-
forcement division there may be,
it is impossible for agents to be
in every part of the State at one
time.

There isn't a motorist who, dur-
ing the course jbf an hour or two
driving around town or on the
highways, sees glaring violations
of traffic laws every day, with not
a cop anywhere in sight. And yet
the police department in that par-
ticular town may be considered
one of the finest there is, but they
don't happen to be in that particu-
lar place where you saw or heard
about a traffic violation. The
habitual traffic violator sooner or
later gets caught however, and
more than likely, that is what
happens to the habitual conserva-
tion violator.

No claim is made here that
Louisiana's fish and game enforce-
ment division is one of the best
in the country, but it is improving
and the records bear that fact out.
And just like any of the finest
police departments in our larger
cities, its personnel consists of
some very efficient men and some
not as efficient.

But the official policy of the
Department as reflected through
Commissioner John G. Appel and
shared by the head of the Enforce-
ment Division, J. C. LeBlanc, is
to strictly enforce Louisiana's fish,
game and conservation laws and
that policy is being carried out.

Commissioner Appel and the
other heads of the Department are
the first to admit that there is
room for improvement in the De-
partment's enforcement program
and in all other activities of the
Department. And with continued
cooperation and support from
Louisiana's conservationists these
results will be accomplished.

Since Utopia is a long, long way
off, there will always be in Louisi-
ana and everywhere else in this
country, some conservation viola-
tors who will not be caught, just
like there are traffic violators who
are never caught, and that will
happen no matter how efficient or
large the enforcement staff may
be.

But Louisiana has come a long
way in recent years when con-

be considered a big joke even in
the best of families. Whoever
heard of anybody being arrested
in those days for fishing without a
license Whoever heard anybody
being arrested in those days hunt-
ing squirrels in closed season?
Well, 55 persons in Louisiana were
arrested last month for fishing
without a license, and 5 were
caught hunting squirrels out of
season. There were probably
more than 55 persons last month
fishing without a license, and there
were probably more than 5 hunting
squirrels out of season. But the
enforcement division is on the job,
and public opinion in Louisiana
has definitely changed wholeheart-
edly in favor of strict enforcement
of the State's fish and game laws,
and with this combination con-
tinually working together, con-
servation violators are on the spot
in Louisiana, for if they are not
eventually apprehended by en-
forcement agents, they will be by
public opinion.

PARISHES IN WHICH VIO-
LATIONS OCCURRED
DURING JUNE

Acadia 2

Avoyelles 13

Bienville -- 2

Caddo 4

Calcasieu : 6

Catahoula — 3

Claiborne - - 1

Concordia - 3

DeSoto 4

East Baton Rouge 1

East Carroll - 1

Evangeline - 3

Grant 6

Jackson - '^

Jefferson - 2

Jefferson Davis T. 1

Livingston - 2

Madison 4

Morehouse -- 1

Natchitoches - 1

Orleans - 20

Ouachita - 4

Pointe Coupee -- 4

Rapides 1

St. Bernard - 19

St. Charles 4

St. Mary - 1

St. Tammany - 5

Tangipahoa - 1

Terrebonne - 9

Vermilion - - 1

Vernon 2

West Feliciana - -■ 1

Winn -- 4

a large state and there are only servation law enforcement used to

Total 143

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

Louisiana Editor^s Views on Conservation

Gift-Bearing Japs

(From the Times-Picayune)

There are many stories about
how the water hyacinth came to
Louisiana. The true one, accord-
ing to Chief Biologist Gowanloch,
of the state conservation depart-
ment, charges that misfortune to
representatives of the Japanese
government and dates it back to
the Cotton Centennial Exposition
held here in 1884.

Mr. Gowanloch's article was
published in a recent number of
the Louisiana Conservatioaiist.
From it we learn that the water
hyacinth is a native of Japan, but
secured an early foothold in South
America. When the Japanese gov-
ernment installed an exhibit on the
Cotton Exposition grounds, its
agents imported water hyacinths
from Venezuela and gave them
away as souvenirs to those visiting
their exhibit. "Eagerly sought be-
cause of their beauty," we read
farther, "these plants were car-
ried far and wide by exposition
visitors. ... It required the pas-
sage of but few years before the
evil character of this Japanese
plant immigrant became known."

By 1890 the beauitful but per-
nicious invader had become such
a nuisance that demands for con-
trol measures were voiced. In
1897 Congress voted $5000 for a
study of the hyacinth in Louisiana
and Florida waters. From that
time considerable sums have been
spent in eradication efforts where
the plant choked navigable water-
ways. Poisons have been tried,
not very successfully, as we un-
derstand it. Channels cut through
the floating masses have given
only temporary relief. Specially
equipped craft now pull the plants
out of th# water and deposit them
on the banks, where they can be
destroyed or left to decay.

In addition to blockading navi
g-ation, Mr. Gowanloch charges the
water hyacinth with creating con-
ditions that drive away fish and
so destroy good fishing grounds
with the destruction of duck-food
plants and the blocking of large
water areas in which the ducks
formerly rested and fed. "The
water hyacinth," he concludes,
"ranks high indeed among the seri-
ous problems that the state of
Louisiana must solve in its post-
war programs."

And we owe this alien pest, he
testifies, to gift-bearing represen-
tatives of the Jap government who

passed the plants around as sou-
venirs at the New Orleans expo-
sition 60 years ago!

UNLIMITED POSSIBILITIES

(From New Orleans States)

State Representative Horace
Dugas of St. Charles parish ad-
vances the idea that the state
which produces the most raw fur,
which is Louisiana, ought to be
the greatest manufacturer of fur
garments, which Louisiana cer-
tainly is not at the present time.

Mr. Dugas undoubtedly favors,
also, a broader application of this
doctrine, which is that raw ma-
terials ought to be processed or
manufactured into finished ar-
ticles in the place where they are
produced. If this were the case
m Louisiana, this state would not
remain, for much longer, near the
top of the list for illiteracy, near
the bottom of the list in average
family earnings, near the bottom
of the list in per capita wealth.

The annual fur harvest is worth
about $5,000,000 to the people of
Louisiana. On the backs of the
women it is worth at least $50,-
000,000, we would guess, and
maybe as much as $100,000,000.
A few dozen marsh hare (musk-
rat) pelts that bring the trapper
$1.50 to $2 apiece become a $300
coat. These added millions of
wealth that come from processing-
em ich the people of other states.
They do not provide any pay roll
or tax money in Louisiana.

Whether it is feasible to manu-
facture fur garments in Loui-
siana, which has a perennially
warm and moist climate, is for
those who are expert in such mat-
teis to say. But it is quite the
custom to ship to other states
other classes of raw materials,
and then later import some of the
finished articles for consumption
by the people producing the raw
goods. That seems to us an eco-
nomic absurdity.

Cow hides from the New Or-
leans slaughterhouses are shipped
away, and later the boots, shoes,
harness, belts and other leather
articles manufactured from them
are shipped back here.

If the state board of industry
and the state's economical de-
velopment committee are not fully
exploring the possibilities of pro-
cessing and manufacturing, with-
in Louisiana, more of the raw
materials produced within the

state, we believe they are passing
up the No. 1 opportunity to make
Louisiana a far more prosperous
state.

DUCK-BAITING

(From the New Orleans Item)
Dr. Edward A. Ficklen's sug-
gestion that the prohibition
against baiting duckponds be re-
laxed is entitled to thoughtful
consideration on the jjart of fed-
eral wild-life authorities. Condi-
tions under which this regulation
was imposed no longer exist and,
if hunting can be improved with-
out impairing the growth of the
continental duck-population, the
hunter who has waited out the
lean years is entitled to some of
the resulting benefits.

Eight or ten years ago, before
Tom Main of Ducks Unlimited
showed conclusively that the basic
cause of the fall in the wild-duck
census lay in preventable condi-
tions along the Canadian summer
breeding-grounds, all sorts of ex-
pedients to restrict the relatively
mconsiderable bag of adult ducks
killed by winter hunters were re-
sorted to. Yet the duck popula-
tion continued to shrink. Since
Tom Main and Ducks Unlimited
applied commonsense rather than
sentimentalism to the problem,
the duck population has trebled,
although hunting restrictions have
been abolished or relaxed.

The proposal to do away with
the pond-baiting ijrohibition there-
fore merits sober and realistic in-
quiry. If hunting for the average
sportsman has been bettered dur-
ing the past three years by ex-
tending the season, increasing the
bag-limits, and the like, without
in any way checking the upward
curve of the duck population,
there is no reason to believe the
same thing cannot be done with
respect to other unnecessarily
stringent regulations, including
the pond-baiting prohibition.

OUR ASSET IN NATURAL

RESOURCES

(From Richland Beacon-News)

For generations Louisiana has
played a Santa Claus role in
developing the economic and in-
dustrial life of the nation at large.
It has been true in respect to our
forestry resources, our oil and gas,
even our manpower. Our natural
resouees supply the raw materials
in adundance. They are shipped
to our far-flung corners of the
country, where they are finished

for the channels of trade and com-
merce. It is the finished product
that yeilds the greatest returns.
The place of origin derives only a
relative small portion of the total
income.

The fur indust^ is a notable
case in point. Louisiana is one of
the greatest producers of animal
furs on the continent. Alaska, ac-
knowledged to be one of the most
important fur-producing- regions,
is a fairly good section to make
comparisions. Alaska is thirteen
times the size of Louisiana, yet the
volume of marketable furs yeilded
in this state each year is three
times that of the northern terri-
tory.

In spite of all this, the revenue
from our fur industry is only
$5,000,000 a year. Northern cen-
ters get the rest of the millions
derived from the production of fur
garments. Just the tanning and
dyeing of Louisiana furs would
bring an additional $5,000,000
into the state if we had the facili-
ties for doing the work. If the
furs were made up into gorments
for the ultimate consumer almost
fantastic revenues would be added
to the state's commercial wealth.

It remained for a unique 4-H
project, developed among the
wildlife areas of Louisiana's coastal
section, to bring- this subject to the
fore. In addressing- the sessions
of a school attended by a group of
4-H boys, devoting- themselves to a
study of the state's natural re-
sources. State Representative
Horace Dugas, of St. Charles,
broached a suggestion that a
manufactory of fur garments
could be established in Louisiana
in order to utilize the raw mater-
ials at the souce. As Represen-
tative Dugas pointed out, it seems
sbsurd not to have some benefit
other than that from the raw furs
in view of the colossal character
of the industry which has its foun-
dation in the marshlands of the
state.

There are four million acres of
Louisiana lands devoted to pro-
ducing fur-bearing animals, but
the chief beneficiaries belong- to
sections far removed from the
source. It is a situation worth
thinking about and putting into
action some concrete program to
remedy it. The 4-H clubs, which
have done some remarkable things
in demonstrating new ideas in
practical economics, furnish a
good spring-board for launching
such a plan.

The Abbeville Rotary Club ob-
served "Bird Day" at a recent
meeting. Principal speaker was
Dr. James N. Gowanloch.

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

Louisiana Amons Leaders In Hunting and Fishing Licenses

Louisiana was fiftli in tlie South
in tlie sale of hunting licenses for
the 1943-1944 hunting season and
second in the South in the sale
of Federal duck stamps for that
season, according- to a compilation
just completed by the CONSER-
VATIONIST based on official
figures released recently by the
United States Fish and Wild Life
Service.

Louisiana sold a total of 35,199
Federal duck stamps during the
1943-44 season, exceeded only by
Texas in the South, with 70,441
duck stamps. Federal law requires
hunters who shoot migratory game,
such as ducks and geese, to pur-
chase a Federal duck stamp, in
addition to their state hunting
license, so this is an indication of
the number of persons who hunt
migratory game. Therefore, out
of a total of 94,609 persons who
purchased hunting licenses dur-
ing the 1943-44 season, 35,199
were duck hunters, as that many
also purchased federal duck
stamps.

Louisiana was ninth in the
nation in the sale of federal duck
stamps during that season, and the
nine leading states in the highest
sales of these stamps were Minne-
sota, 95,446; California, 92,056;
Michigan, 83,554; Texas, 70,441;
Wisconsin, 66,328; Washington,
63,050; New York, 38,730; Iowa,
36,749, and Louisiana, 35,199.

In the sale of 1943-44 hunting
licenses, Louisiana was fifth in the
South and 24th in the nation. In
the South, the leading States in
the sale of hunting license during
that year were West Virginia with
170,525 licenses; Virginia, 126,-
163; Tennessee, 120,630; Texas,
117,430; and Louisiana, 94,609.
Louisiana exceeded the follow-
ing large states in the sale of
1943-44 hunting licenses: Massa-
chusetts, Oklahoma, South Caro-
lina, North Carolina, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Ken-
tucky and many others.

Louisiana was also fifth in the
South in the sale of non-resident
hunting licenses, but this time the
leading states in the South in the
sale of hunting licenses to non-
residents were, with one excep-
tion, those who were far down the
list in the sale of resident licenses
and total licenses. For example
Arkansas, which wa§ far down the
list in the sale of resident licenses,
led the South in the sale of non-
resident hunting licenses, with a
total of 2,214. South Carolina,
also far down in the sale of resi-
dent hunting licenses, was second

in the South in non-resident li-
censes, with 2,175; Virginia was
third with 2,090, North Carolina,
also far down in resident licenses,
was fourth with 1,814, while
Louisiana, fifth in resident and
total hunting licenses in the South,
was also fifth in non-resident
licenses, with 1,275.

However, Louisiana exceeded
many large states, including
several who pride themselves as
tourist states, in the sale of hunt-
ing licenses to non-residents.
Some of the States Louisiana ex-
ceeded in sales of non-resident
hunting licenses were Wisconsin,
Texas, Oklahoma, Ohio, Missouri,

Arkansas; $167,902 for Florida;
$122,930 for Kentucky; $129,154
for Mississippi; $174,084 for
North Carolina; $126,512 for Ten-
nessee; $242,841 for Texas; $189,-
271 for Virginia, and $178,863
foi' West Virginia.

Only two states in the South
received less revenue from hunters
than Louisiana. These were Okla-
homa with $110,891, and South
Carolina, with $109,538.

Low License Fees

This difference in revenues for
hunting licenses among Louisiana
and the other States can only be
explained by a difi'erence in fees

HIGHLIGHTS OF REPORT ON HUNTING
AND FISHING LICENSES

For those who believe that Louisiana's fishing oppor-
tunities should be advertised to attract more tourists to
the State in the post-war period, one answer is that Loui-
siana as an anglers paradise is already fairly well known
to quite a number of non-residents.

* * * *

As evidence of this fact, in 1943, Louisiana sold more
angling licenses to non-residents than did the combined
States of Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Nebraska, Nevada,

and South Carolina.

* * * *

Louisiana had more visitors fishing in its
State during 1943 than did the large States of
California, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Montana, Ne-w Jersey, North
Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, and
Virginia.

Louisiana had more duck hunters during the 1943-44
season than all States of the South, with the exceptiori
of Texas. There were more duck hunters in Louisiana
that season than there were in the larger States of Penn-
sylvania, Ohio, Oklahoma, New Jersey, Missouri, Massa-
chusetts, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas and Colorado.

Massachusetts, Iowa, Indiana,
Georgia and Florida.

Fees Drop

In the matter of fees paid by
hunters, and revenue received by
States, the picture, as far as
Louisiana was concerned, was very
different. While this State was
among the leaders in the South in
total Sales, it was close to the
bottom in fees paid by the hunters.
For example, such states as Ala-
bama, Arkansas, Florida, Ken-
tucky, Mississippi, and North Caro-
lina, whom Louisiana far ex-
ceeded in total sales of hunting
licenses, topped this State in reve-
nues and fees paid by hunters for
hunting licenses.

Louisiana's hunting licenses for
1943-44 brought in a revenue of
$112,019 as compared to $139-
456 for Alabama; $122,646 for

charged hunters in the various
States. It costs one dollar to
purchase a hunting license in
Louisiana, and there are two types
of non-resident hunting licenses.
One, for four days, sells for $5,
and an annual non-resident li-
cense sells for $15. Many of the
other States in the South who ex-
ceeded Louisiana in revenues
either charge more for resident
licenses or have a much higher fee
for non-residents, or in some cases
both.

Angling Licenses
Louisiana was 12th in the South
in the sale of resident fishing-
licenses during the year 1943 and
sixth in the South in the sale of
such licenses to non-residents.
The top twelve Southern States in
sales of fishing licenses during
1943 were the following:

West Virginia, 169,634 licenses;
Oklahoma, 150,480; Texas, 128,-
190; Tennessee, 127,523; Virginia,
115,109; Kentucky, 79,698;
Florida, 63,997; North Carolina,
54,299; Georgia, 39,563; Alabama,
38,366; Arkansas, 36,572; Loui-
siana, 29,492.

Tennessee topped the Southern
States in sale of angling licenses to
non-residents, with a total of 18,-
198. Florida was second with 16,-
012; Arkansas was third with 13,-
214, Oklahoma was fourth with
10,292; West Virginia was fifth
with 7,035 and Louisiana was sixth
with 6,610.

Angling Revenue

In the matter of revenues
received by the States from sale of
angling licenses, there was no
difference in the standing of Loui-
siana among the Southern States.
Just as it was 12th in the sale of
resident angling licenses, so like-
wise it was 12th in total revenues
from these licenses in the South.
There was however, some changes
in position among the other lead-
ing states in the amount of reve-
nue received from fishing licenses
as compared to their position in
the number of resident licenses
sold. The top twelve Southern
States in the amount of revenue
received from angling licenses dur-
ing 1943 were the following:

West Virginia, $176,669; Okla-
homa, $160,772; Tennessee, $145,-
721; Texas, $132,232; Virginia,
$120,514; Kentucky, $86,002;
Florida, $80,009; North Carolina,
$60,444; Arkansas, $49,786;
Georgia, $39,963; Alabama, $39,-
801, and Louisiana, $36,102.
Difference in Fees

Louisiana's fees for angling
licenses are $1 for residents;
$2.00 for a foui--day non-resident
license, and $5.00 for an annual
non-resident license. These licenses
in Louisiana are required only of
those who fish with rod and reel.
In some states every person who
fishes is required to purchase a
license. Also in Louisiana, persons
over 60 years of age and those in
the armed forces are exempt from
purchase of hunting or fishing
licenses.

There are thirty-five States
which charge more than one dollar
for a resident fishing license. Ten
States, including Louisiana, charge
one dollar for residents. Only
three States have fishing licenses
under one dollar; ten States collect
$1.00; ninteen .stand between $1.00
and $2.00; thirteen between $2.00
and $3.00, and three over $3.00.

Eight

LOUISIANA CONSERVATIONIST

Oil Lease on
Marsh Island
Is Awarded

(Continued from Page 1)

000,000 oil payment out of addi-
tional l-48th royalty. Shell Oil
Company $392,250 bonus, $196,-
500 rentals, l-6th royalty. At-
lantic Refining Company, $151,
000 bonus, l-16th royalty.

Among those present when the
bids were opened were represen-
tatives of the Russell Sage Foun-
dation, who donated Marsh Island
to the State, John G. Appel, Com-
mission of the Department of Wild
Life and Fisheries and Joseph L.
McHugh, Commissioner of the
Department of Conservation.

Before the Marsh Island prop-
erty was leased, the State Mineral
Board accepted a notification from
the Russell Sage Foundation that
all provisions of the act of dona-
tion providing for the wildlife
preserve, and the provisions of
Act 47 of 1944 regarding dis-
position of the funds from the
lease, must be explicitly obeyed.
The letter was transmitted by R.
E. Milling, New Orlean'S, attor-
ney for the foundation which gave
the Marsh Island property to the
state in 1920. Robert D. Elder,
New York, general attorney for
the Russell Sage Foundation, was
also present at the meeting.

The 1944 act provided that half
of the moneys derived from the
mineral lease should go to the
Russell Sage Foundation, and that
the remaining half should be used
by the state of Louisiana for the
propagation of wildlife.

The Russell Sage Foundation
said they were not insisting that
these provisions be included in the
lease itself as they might affect
the merchant ability of the lease,
but they would not have con-
sented to the leasing unless the
state would agree to carry out
all provisions of the act of dona-
tion and the legislative act pro-
viding for use of the proceeds.

Rules and regulations to regu-
late the protection of wildlife on
Marsh Island during the oil de-
velopment have been carefully
drawn up and they have been ap-
proved by the Russell Sage
Foundation and the U. S. Fish
and Wild Life Service. Commis-
sioner Appel told the Mineral
Board at the meeting that his
Department would exert every
effort to see that the wildlife is
protected during the oil develop-
ment activities on Marsh Island.

CHARLES L. HORNER

Game Management
Agent Named for
Louisiana

Charles L. Horner, formerly
associated with the enforcement
division of the Missouri Conser-
vation Commission, was appointed
United States Game Management
Agent for Louisiana, effective
July 1st, succeeding Houston C.
Gascon, who resigned to enter
private business.

Mr. Gascon has been game
management agent in Louisiana
since 1936, except for a period
from November, 1942 to June,
1944, when he was on active duty
with the Coast Guard.

In a report to the U. S. Fish
and Wild Life Service, the retir-
ing game management agent re-
ported that during the past fiscal
year, ending June 30th, a total
of 220 wildlife violators were
tried in federal courts and paid
fines totaling $11,421. A number
of the violators were given jail
sentences and other were placed
on probation. Most of these cases
were made with the assistance
and through the cooperation of
agents of the Department of Wild
Life and Fisheries.

A native of Jefferson City, Mo.,
Mr. Horner was with the Missouri
Conservation Commission as con-
servation agent for six years be-
fore coming to Louisiana last
September as an agent for the
U. S. Fish and Wild Life Service.
For the present Mr. Horner is
maintaining his headquarters in
Lafayette.

Regulations for ducks and geese
this season are expected to be
announced within the next two
months.

Nation's Big-Game
Population Faces

Severe Crisis

America's total big-game pop-
ulation, exclusive of white-tail,
black-tail, and mule deer, numbers
approximately 474,000 — fewer
animals than there are people in
the city of New Orleans.

Including the three varieties
of deer (which account for 93
percent of the overall total) the
country has, in round numbers,
6.748,000 head of big game. Ac-
cording to present estimates, an
army of 12,790,000 hunters will
invade the nation's game lands as
soon as final victory brings about
the return of our service men and
releases civilians from current
wartime restrictions. This repre-
sents a 50 percent increase over
prewar seasons.

These figures, together with
other startling facts about the
unprecedented emergency which
wildlife now faces, are revealed
in the article, "Crisis in American
Big Game," in the May issue of
"OUTDOOR LIFE." The facts
therein come from an off'icial
source — the big-game inventory
conducted by the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service; certain deduc-
tions from those facts are ines-
capable.

Four of the country's most
prized big-game species — the
grizzly bear, the bighorn sheep,
the moose, and the woodland cari-
bou— are on their way out. LTn-
less drastically expanded conserva-
tion measures are taken imme-
diately by state authorities, othc
animals which once roamed the
mountains, forests, and plains in
abundance soon will meet a sim-
ilar fate.

America's overall big-game sup-
uly is increasing at what under
oresent conditions might be con-
sidered a healthy rate — about 1 3
-nrecent a year. Hunting, at its
Dvesent war-slackened pace, kills
off less than 10 percent annually.
This, federal experts say, is a safe
figure for continued oneration
wherever a snecies exists in suff^i-
cient numbers for hunting. But —
in the same breath they warn that
an increase to an annual kill of 15
nercent would precipitate a crisis.
Snortsmen can easily visualize
what a long stride over the daneei*
line will be taken when half again
as many hunters as there were in
Tieacetime invade tho eame lands
in the years immediately following
the war.

Only so long as adenuate con-
servation measures avp established
and maintained, and the annual
kill is kept below the annual in-

crease, will there still be big-
game animals to keep alive the
American hunting tradition.

TYPES OF VIOLATIONS WHICH
OCCURRED DURING

JUNE

Angling Without License 55

Possessing Undersized Game

Fish - 14

Possessing Undersized Com-
mercial Fish 2

Possessing Over Legal Limit

Game Fish 1

Using Illegal Tackle on Game

Fish 13

Commercial Fishing — No Li-

- cense 15

Commercial Fishing — Closed

Season 4

Commercial Fishing — Ilegal

Tackle 7

Possessing Undersized Shrimp.. 1
Trawling for Shrimp — Closed

Season 1

Trapping Tarpon — Closed Sea-
son 1

Obstructing Streams 2

Pollution of Streams 2

Dredging Oysters on State

Reef 2

Hunting at Night... 2

Hunting Migratory Waterfowl

— Closed Season 1

Hunting on State Preserve 4

Hunting Deer Out of Season.... 4
Hunting Quail Out of Season.. 1
Hunting Squirrels Out of Sea-
son 5

Hunting Gallinules 2

Hunting Grebe 3

Failure to File Monthly Shrimp
Report 1

Total 143

AGENTS PARTICIPATING IN
JUNE ARRESTS

Clifton Ardoin, Harry Blount,
Angelo Benandi, Ephfrom Brow-
der, Charles Boudreaux, A. B.
Burns, John Busalacchi, L. R.
Cabirac, James Carroll, Sam
Chaze, Ernest Coats, Fred Cook,
A. B. Calhoun, Edgar J. B. Clem-
ents, Less Davis, Ruben Davis,
Tom Duck, C. W. Elam, Edwin
Fairbanks, J. Marvin Fallin, D. L.
Farrar, John E. Foolkes, T. H.
Forman, Jr., John W. Gilbert,
Lesma Hebert, Clarence Hood,
P. F. Huddleston, Volidia Jones,
Wm. M. Jones, B. P. LeBlanc,
Jesse Laird, W. J. McCauley, J. V.
McConnell, James R. McPerrin,
Ben Mayeaux, Jos. 0. Mayeux,
T. E. Minton, Earl Nugent, Sam
Nunez, Wilfred Nunez, W. C.
Percy, Robert Pertuis, Armand J.
Petit, W. J. Plattsmier, Cliff
Reeves, Harry Reno, Lawrence
Sintes, Allen Swayze, Frank Troc-
chiano. Earl Vaught, Charles Ven-
trella, John P. Walter, Hector
Waguespack, Elton Williams.