Lycoming College catalog

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COLLEGE CATALOG

NOTICE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION POLICY

Lycoming College welcomes applications from pro-
spective students regardless of age, sex, race, religious
preference, physical disability, financial resources,
color, national or ethnic origin. This policy is in
compliance with the requirements of Title VI of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Educational
Amendments of 1972, and all other applicable federal,
state and local statutes, ordinances and regulations.

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A QUICK LOOK AT LYCOMING

Location Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701

Phone (717) 326-1951, Ext. 221

Historical Evolution Founded in 1812 as Williamsport Academy.

Under Methodist Episcopal sponsorship,
Became Dickinson Seminary in 1848.
Added Williamsport-Dickinson Junior

College in 1929.
Became Lycoming College in 1947.

Enrollment 1300 (approximately 750 men and 550 women)

Accreditation Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools

University Senate of The United Methodist Church

Church Affiliation United Methodist

Student /Faculty Ratio Seventeen to one

Library Volumes 128,000; 850 current periodical titles

Size of Campus Main campus: 20 acres, plus 12-acre Athletic Field

Number of Buildings Nineteen

Calendar 4-4-1 (1 = Optional May Term)

1978-79 Fixed Charges Tuition $3000

Room & Board $1500

Total $4500

(not including May Term)
Books and supplies normally cost $75 to $150 per
year. Allowance must be made for laundry, travel,
clothing, and personal needs.

Financial Aid Lycoming students received more than $1.5 million

in various kinds of financial assistance last year.
Prospective students should discuss their financial
needs with the Director of Student Aid.

CONTENTS

Page
Introduction to Lycoming 5

Admission to Lycoming 7

Expenses and Financial Aid '. 9

The Academic Program 15

Student Services 29

The Curriculum 35

College Directory 122

The 1978-1979 Academic Calendar 136

Campus Facilities 140

Campus Map 141

Index 142

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO LYCOMING

THIS IS LYCOMING

Lycoming College is an independent, coeducational liberal arts institu-
tion related to The United Methodist Church.

Lycoming is located in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, the gateway to
the picturesque "Endless Mountains" and the beautiful West Branch
Valley of the Susquehanna River. Greater Williamsport has a population
of 85,000 and is within 200 miles of Washington, D.C., Baltimore,
Philadelphia, New York, Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo and Pittsburgh.
The campus is situated on a slight prominence near the center of the city.

Lycoming welcomed its 133rd class in September, 1977, and began
the year with an enrollment of 1,298, consisting of 541 women and 757
men. These students came to the College from 16 states and the majority
resided in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York.

The academic significance of Lycoming derives from its enduring
commitment to the value of a liberal education, carefully designed
mission, and highly trained faculty of teacher-scholars, 67% of whom
have earned doctorates from the nation's outstanding universities.

The principal aim of Lycoming College is to use its resources to
provide for its students the finest possible undergraduate education. The
College serves primarily to help each student develop a central core of
values, awarenesses, strategies, skills, and information that is integrated
and coherent enough to lead to a productive and fulfilling life in an
enormously complex world, and at the same time is sufficiently open and
flexible to encourage continuous growth and development.

Lycoming enjoys a continuing reciprocal relationship with The
United Methodist Church. It has consistently supported the Methodist
tradition of providing educational opportunities for persons of all
religious faiths. Within this setting of religious concern, the search for
values must continue to be an important function of this institution.

Lycoming is a member of the Association of American Colleges, the
Pennsylvania Association of Colleges and Universities, the Commission
for Independent Colleges and Universities, the National Commission on
Accrediting, and the National Association of Schools and Colleges of The
United Methodist Church. It is accredited by the Middle States Associa-
tion of Colleges and Schools and the University Senate of The United
Methodist Church.

HISTORY

In 1812 the Williamsport Academy was founded, offering an elementary
and secondary school curriculum. The Academy became Williamsport
Dickinson Seminary in 1848 under the patronage of The Methodist
Episcopal Church. The Seminary continued as a private boarding school

until 1929 when the curriculum was expanded to include two years of
college. The name of the institution was changed at this time to
Williamsport Dickinson Seminary and Junior College. In 1947 the junior
college became a four-year degree- granting college of liberal arts and
sciences and the name Lycoming College was adopted. Lycoming,
derived from an Indian word "lacomic" meaning "Great Stream," has
been common to north central Pennsylvania since colonial times.

CHAPTER II
ADMISSION TO LYCOMING

POLICY AND STANDARDS

Lycoming College welcomes applications from prospective students
regardless of age, sex, race, religious preference, financial resources,
color, national or ethnic origin or physical disability. Selective admission
is based on the following standards:

— graduation from an accredited secondary school;
— completion of a college preparatory program which includes
substantial work in English and mathematics and courses in
foreign language, natural science and social science;
— College Entrance Examination Board Scholastic Aptitude Test or
American College Test scores at a satisfactory level;

A high school student of exceptional maturity and with significant
academic preparation may apply for admission to Lycoming as a
candidate for early admission. If admitted, the student enters Lycoming
at the end of the junior year in high school. Special students who are not
enrolled in a degree program and who wish to enroll in one or more
courses in any term are welcome to apply.

Lycoming is fully approved for the educational program for veterans
under Federal Public Laws 550, 634, and 894.

APPLICATION AND SELECTION PROCESS

The application for admission to Lycoming is processed in the following
manner:

— The application form, which is obtained from the Admissions
Office, and the following should be filed between October 1st and
May 1st, although applications will be considered after May 1st on
a space-available basis:
— official secondary school transcript forwarded by the secon-
dary school guidance office,
— results of the College Entrance Examination Board Scholastic

Aptitude Test (SAT) or American College Test (ACT),
— non-refundable application fee of $15;
— The completed application is evaluated with every effort being
made to insure individualization of this process by identifying the
special talents, qualities, and interests of the applicant;
— Lycoming notifies applicants of their acceptance on a rolling
schedule soon after all credentials noted above have been received
and evaluated. In some instances, additional information may be
needed to complete the evaluation, such as senior mid-year grades
and senior SAT or ACT score reports;
— Applicants who have been admitted must notify Lycoming of their
intention to attend by May 1st, the Candidates' Reply Date. This

notification must be accompanied by a $150 deposit, $100 of which

is applicable to the tuition charges of the first semester of

enrollment. The remaining $50 is a contingency deposit paid by all

full-time students. (See Chapter III of this catalog for a detailed

explanation of this fee.) After May 1st, the $150 deposit is not

refundable to students who do not matriculate.

Prospective students and their families are invited to campus for a

student-conducted tour and a meeting with an Admissions Officer who

will provide additional information about the College and seek additional

information from the applicant.

ADVANCED STANDING BY TRANSFER

Lycoming College welcomes transfer students from other accredited
colleges and universities according to the following standards and
procedures:

— Applicants must be in good academic standing with a minimum

grade point average of precisely 2.0 (C) at the beginning of the

semester they first enroll at Lycoming;
— All courses passed that are comparable to the curriculum at

Lycoming will be accepted for transfer;
— The grades earned in all transferable courses are included in the

computation of the cumulative grade point average;
— Academic standing at Lycoming will be based on an evaluation of

all courses attempted at all other institutions;
— The final eight courses for the bachelor of arts degree must be taken

at Lycoming;
— Official copies of transcripts from all institutions attended must be

submitted as a part of the admission application.

ADMISSIONS OFFICE LOCATION AND HOURS

The Admissions Office is located on the first floor of Long Hall. For an
appointment telephone (717) 326-1951, Ext. 221 in Williamsport or write
Office of Admissions, Lycoming College, Williamsport, PA 17701. Office
hours are as follows:
Weekdays — September through April 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

— May through August 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Saturdays — September through April 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon

— May through August No Saturday Hours.

CHAPTER HI
EXPENSES AND FINANCIAL AID

EXPENSES FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1978-79

The following expenses are effective for the regular Fall and Spring
Semesters. The College reserves the right to adjust fees at any time
without notice, including increasing Spring Semester fees should there
be a considerable increase in the price of commodities and/or services
during the Fall Semester. The fees for each semester are payable not later
than the second day of classes for the semester.

FEES PER SEMESTER PER YEAR

Comprehensive Fee $1,500 $3,000

Board and Room Rent 750 1,500

Total $2,250 $4,500

One-Time Fees and Deposits

Application Fee $ 15

Admissions Deposit 100

Contingency Deposit 50

Part-Time Student Fees

Application Fee $ 15

Each Unit Course 375

Additional Charges

Applied Music Fee (half-hour per week per semester) 75

Cap and Gown Rental prevailing cost

Laboratory Fee per Unit Course 5 to 30

Late Payment Fee 25

Parking Permit (for the academic year) 10

Parking Permit With Reserved Space (for the academic year) 40

Practice Teaching Fee (Payable in Junior Year) 110

R.O.T.C. Basic Course Deposit

(Payable at Bucknell University) 40

R.O.T.C. Advanced Course Deposit

(Payable at Bucknell University) 40

Transcript Fee (No charge to full-time students) 3

Medical Questionnaire Fee

(Payable to Medical Datamation, Inc.) 10

The comprehensive fee covers the regular course load of three to four
courses each semester. Resident students must board at the College
unless, for extraordinary reasons, authorization is extended for other

eating arrangements. If a double room is used as a single room, an
additional charge of $75 per semester is made. The estimated cost for
books and supplies ranges from $75 to $150 per year, depending on the
course of study pursued. Special session (May Term and Summer Term)
charges for tuition, room, and board are established during the Fall
Semester.

ENTRY FEES AND DEPOSITS

Application Fee — All students applying for admission are to submit
an application fee of $15 with the application. This charge is to defray the
cost of processing the application and is non-refundable.

Admissions and Contingency Deposits — After students have been
notified of their admission to the College, they are required to make two
deposits to confirm their intention to matriculate. The Admissions
Deposit of $100 is applicable to the general charges for the first semester
of attendance. The Contingency Deposit of $50, required of all full-time
students, is a guarantee for payment of damages to or loss of college
property, library, parking, and other fines imposed by the College. When
all debts to the College have been paid, the balance of the deposit is
refunded to graduating seniors and those leaving the College per-
manently. Neither the Admissions nor the Contingency Deposit is
refundable if students do not matriculate.

PARTIAL PAYMENTS

For the convenience of those who find it impossible to follow the regular
schedule of payments, arrangements may be made with the College
Business Manager for the monthly payment of college fees through
various educational plans. Additional information concerning partial
payments may be obtained from the Business Manager or Director of
Admissions.

REFUNDS FOR STUDENTS WHO WITHDRAW

Refunds of tuition and board are made to students who voluntarily
withdraw from the College while in good standing according to the
following schedule for the Fall and Spring Semesters and the comparable
period for the May and Summer Terms.

Period of Withdrawal Refund % Charge %

First four weeks of the semester 70 30

Second four weeks of the semester . 40 60

Third four weeks of the semester ... 10 90

After twelve weeks — 0 — 100

The date on which the Dean of the College approves the student's
withdrawal form is considered the official date of withdrawal.

Room charges, which are established on a semester basis, and special
charges, such as laboratory fees, are not refundable if a student leaves the

10

College prior to the end of a semester.

Full-time students are not eligible for a refund of tuition if courses
are dropped after the first ten days of either regular semester.

DAMAGE CHARGES

Wherever possible, damage to dormitory property will be charged to the
person or persons directly responsible. Damage and breakage occurring
in a room will be the responsibility of students occupying the room. Hall
and bathroom damage will be the responsibility of all students of the
section where damage occurs. Actual costs of repairs will be charged.

NON-PAYMENT OF FEES PENALTY

Students will not be registered for courses in a new semester if their
accounts for previous attendance have not been settled. Diplomas, grade
reports, transcripts, and certifications of withdrawals in good standing
are issued only when a satisfactory settlement of all financial obligations
has been made in the Business Office.

11

FINANCIAL AID POLICY AND PROCEDURES

The dominant factor in determining the amount of financial aid awarded
to individual students is the establishment of need. Scholarships may be
awarded on the basis of financial need and academic ability, while grants
are provided exclusively on the basis of financial need. Long-term, low-
cost educational loans are available from federal and state sources to most
students who can demonstrate need. Part-time employment is available
to students who are in good academic standing.

To apply for financial assistance, obtain the Financial Aid Form
(F.A.F.) from the secondary school guidance office or the Student Aid
Office at Lycoming. Submit the completed form to the College Scholar-
ship Service, P.O. Box 176, Princeton, NJ 08540, as early as possible after
January 1st. Renewal applications are required annually.

Scholarships — Freshman Recognition Scholarships of $700 each are
awarded to applicants who have superior academic qualifications but do
not demonstrate any financial need. These scholarships are renewable
each year if the student maintains a 3.25 cumulative grade point average.
Other scholarships, ranging from $300 to full tuition, are awarded to
freshmen who rank in the top fifth of their secondary school class and
have a combined score over 1100 on the College Entrance Examination
Board Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). These scholarships are renewable
each year if the student maintains a precise 3.00 cumulative grade point
average.

Grants-In-Aid — Lycoming has established an extensive program of
grants-in-aid for worthy students who do not qualify for scholarships.
Awards are based on demonstrated need and the prospect of the student
contributing positively to the college community. Renewal requires
continued financial need, maintenance of satisfactory academic and
citizenship standards, and participation in college activities.

Ministerial Grants-In-Aid — Children of ministers of the Central
Pennsylvania Annual Conference of The United Methodist Church
receive grants equal to one- third of the charges for tuition, while children
of ministers of other Annual Conferences of The United Methodist
Church and of other denominations receive grants equal to one-fourth of
the charges for tuition. Students who will be entering the ministry may
apply for a preministerial student grant equal to one- fourth tuition.
Applicants must complete and submit the Financial Aid Form (F.A.F.)
referred to above and pre-ministerial students must also submit the
Application for Pre-Ministerial Grant. If an applicant demonstrates more
need for financial assistance than a ministerial grant-in-aid provides,
additional types of aid will be considered. These grants-in-aid are part of
a total financial assistance award to meet demonstrated need and are not
given in addition to awards designed to meet established needs.

Federal Basic Educational Opportunity Grants (BEOG) — These
grants, established through the Educational Amendments of 1976,
provide up to $1,800 per year for full-time students who can demonstrate
financial need. Application can be made when submitting the Financial
Aid Form (F.A.F.) or by separate application to the federal government

12

on forms which are available in secondary school guidance offices and the
Student Aid Office at Lycoming. All students are urged to apply for this
program.

Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (SEOG)—
This federal government program provides additional assistance to those
students with exceptional financial need. Awards are made in amounts
ranging from $200 to $1,500 and are based entirely on financial need.
Renewal is possible if the applicant has no reduction in financial need in
succeeding years.

Federal National Direct Student Loans (NDSL)— Federal govern-
ment loan funds are available through the National Defense Education
Act of 1958. Low interest loans of up to $1,500 per year are granted on
the basis of demonstrated need. Repayment does not begin until after
graduation or withdrawal from college. Loans are normally renewed
annually if the applicant files a renewal application by May 1st.

Federal College Work-Study Grants (CWSP)— An opportunity is
provided through this program for students to earn some part of their
college expenses and to gain some practical experience by working on
campus or in selected off-campus programs. Federal government income
guidelines must be met to be eligible for this program. Students who do
not meet these guidelines should consult with the Career Development
Center or Student Aid Office for other employment opportunities.

13

Other Sources of Financial Assistance —

State Grants. All applicants for financial aid are urged to investigate
programs sponsored by their home states and to learn about and heed
application deadlines. Pennsylvania applicants should apply for state aid
during their senior year in high school, usually before April 30th. For
additional information, applicants should contact their secondary school
guidance counselor or write: Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance
Agency (PHEAA), Towne House, Harrisburg, PA 17102.

State Guaranteed Loans. Most states, including Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and New York, provide state guaranteed loans, through local
banks. This program provides low interest loans up to $2,500 per year for
educational expenses with repayments extended over a long-term
payment schedule. Applicants should consult their local banks early in
their senior year.

Community Scholarships. In many communities, foundations and
organizations, and in some cases high schools, provide funds for worthy
students. Applicants should consult with their secondary school gui-
dance counselor or principal.

Education Financing Plans. The Student Aid Office at Lycoming will
provide information, upon request, about plans which enable parents to
pay college expenses on a monthly basis through selected companies.

Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTO Scholarships. Students who
participate in the Army ROTC are eligible for three, two, and one-year
ROTC scholarships to finance tuition, books, laboratory fees and other
charges with the exception of room and board. ROTC scholarship
students also receive $100 per month during the academic year.

Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) Stipends. Students who partici-
pate in the Army ROTC program receive $100 per academic month of
their junior and senior years. They also receive half of a second
lieutenant's pay plus travel expenses for a six-week advanced summer
camp between the junior and senior years.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING FINANCIAL AID CAN BE
OBTAINED BY WRITING THE STUDENT AID OFFICE, LYCOMING COL-
LEGE, WILLIAMSPORT, PA 17701 OR BY TELEPHONING (717) 326-1951 IN
WILLIAMSPORT.

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CHAPTER IV
THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM

THE DEGREE

Lycoming is committed to the principle that a liberal arts education is the
best hope for an enlightened citizenry. Consequently, the bachelor of arts
degree is conferred upon the student who has completed an educational
program incorporating the two principles of the liberal arts known as
distribution and concentration. The objective of the distribution principle
is to insure that the student achieves breadth in learning through the
study of the major dimensions of human inquiry, namely, the Human-
ities, the Social Sciences and the Natural Sciences. The objective of the
concentration principle is to provide depth of learning through comple-
tion of a program of study in a given discipline or subject area known as
the major.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

Every degree candidate is expected to complete the following require-
ments in order to qualify for graduation:

— Complete the Distribution Program.

— Complete a major consisting of at least eight courses while
achieving an average of precisely 2.0 or better in those courses
stipulated as comprising the major.

— Earn one year of credit in Physical Education. All students must
demonstrate competence in swimming. (Medical exemptions may
be granted by the College Physician after an examination and
review of the student's medical history and family physician's
report.)

— Pass a minimum of 128 semester hours (32 unit courses) with a
cumulative average of precisely 2.0 or better. Additional credits
beyond 128 semester hours may be completed provided the
precise 2.0 cumulative average is maintained.

— Complete in residence the final eight courses offered for the degree
at Lycoming.

— Satisfy all financial obligations incurred at the College.

— Complete the above requirements within seven years of con-
tinuous enrollment following the date of matriculation.

All exemptions or waivers of specific requirements are made by the
Committee on Academic Standing.

THE DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM

A course can be used to satisfy only one distribution requirement.
Courses for which a grade of "S" is recorded may not be used toward the
fulfillment of the distribution requirements. (Refer to page 00 for an
explanation of the grading system.) A course in any of the following

15

distribution requirements refers to a full-unit (four semester hours)
course taken at Lycoming, any appropriate combination of fractional unit
courses taken at Lycoming which accumulate to four semester hours, or
any single course of three or more semester hours transferred from
another institution.

English — Students are required to pass English 1 (which must be
taken during the freshman year) and one other English course. Students
may be exempted from English 1 on the basis of superior achievement on
the CLEP General Examination, which is offered during Freshman
Orientation.

Foreign Language or Mathematics — Students are required to meet
a minimum basic requirement in either a foreign language or
mathematics.

Foreign Language. Students may choose from among French, Ger-
man, Greek, Hebrew, or Spanish and are required to pass two courses
on the intermediate or higher course level. Placement at the appropriate
course level will be determined by the faculty of the Department of
Foreign Languages and Literatures. Students who have completed two
or more years of a given language in high school are not admitted for
credit to the elementary course in the same foreign language except by
written permission of the chairman of the department. French 28 and
Spanish 28 will meet part of this requirement only if the section taught
in the language is completed.

Mathematics. Students must complete four courses in mathematics,
including Mathematics 5. By passing the Mathematics Placement Ex-
amination, students may be exempted from Mathematics 5, thereby
reducing the requirement to three courses. By demonstrating additional
competence on the Mathematics Placement Examination, students may
reduce the requirement to two courses other than Mathematics 5.

Religion or Philosophy — Students are required to pass two courses
in either Religion or Philosophy.

Fine Arts — Students are required to pass two courses as indicated in
Art, Literature, Music or Theatre.

Art. Any two courses.

Literature. Any two literature courses selected from the offerings of
the Departments of English and Foreign Languages and Literatures.

Music. Any of the following combinations of music courses totaling
the equivalent of eight semester hours:

— Two academic courses (full unit courses) from those numbered
Music 1 through 59 and 70 through 79.

— Eight semester hours of applied music from courses numbered
Music 60 through 69, which are earned fractionally as follows: (1)
one-half semester hour of credit for each half hour of instruction
per week in courses numbered 60 through 66; (2) one semester
hour of credit per semester for each hour of instruction per week
in courses numbered 60 through 66; (3) one semester hour of credit
per semester for Music 67, 68, or 69.

Theatre. Any two courses numbered 10 and above.

16

Natural Science — Students are required to pass any two courses in
one of the following disciplines: Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, or
Physics.

History and Social Science — Students are required to pass two
courses as indicated in Economics, History, Political Science, Psychology,
or Sociology/ Anthropology.

Economics. Any two courses.

History. Any two courses.

Political Scierice. Any two courses.

Psychobgy. Psychology 10, plus one course usually chosen from
among Psychology 15, 16, 30, 31, 32, or 38.

Sociology I Anthropology . Sociology/Anthropology 10 plus another
course.

THE MAJOR

Students are required to complete a series of courses in one departmental
or interdisciplinary (established or individual) major. Specific course
requirements for each major offered by the college are listed in the
Curriculum section of this catalog, beginning on page 35. Students must
earn a precise 2.0 or better average in those courses stipulated as
comprising the major. (This requirement is not met by averaging the
grades for all courses completed in the major department.) Students must
declare a major by the beginning of their junior year. Departmental and
established interdisciplinary majors are declared in the Office of the
Registrar, whereas individual interdisciplinary majors must be approved
by the Committee on Curriculum Development. Students may complete
more than one major, each of which will be recorded on the transcript.
Students may be removed from major status if they are not making
satisfactory progress in the major. This action is taken by the Dean of the
College upon the recommendation of the department, coordinating
committee (for established interdisciplinary majors) or Curriculum De-
velopment Committee (for individual interdisciplinary majors). The
decision of the Dean of the College may be appealed to the Academic
Standing Committee by the student involved or the recommending
department or committee.

Departmental Majors — Departmental majors are available in the
following areas:

Accounting History

Art Mathematics

Astronomy Music

Biology Philosophy

Business Administration Physics

Chemistry Political Science

Economics Psychology

English Religion

Foreign Langauges and Sociology/Anthropology

Literatures Theatre

French, German, Spanish

17

Established Interdisciplinary Majors — The following Established
Interdisciplinary Majors include course work in two or more depart-
ments:

Accounting-Mathematics
American Studies
Criminal Justice
International Studies

Literature

Mass Communications

Near East Culture and Archeology

Individual Interdisciplinary Majors — Students may design a major
which is unique to their needs and objectives and which combines course
work in more than one department. This major is developed in
consultation with the student's faculty adviser and with a panel of faculty
members from each of the sponsoring departments. The application is
acted upon by the Curriculum Development Committee. The major
normally consists of ten courses beyond those taken to satisfy the
distribution requirements. Students are expected to complete at least six
courses at the junior or senior level. Examples of individual in-
terdisciplinary majors are Racial and Cultural Minorities, Illustration In
The Print Medium, Environmental Law, Advertising, Human Behavior,
and Images of Man.

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ACADEMIC ADVISEMENT

One advantage of a small college is the rich experience gained by the close
association of students and faculty. The advisement program at Lycom-
ing enables students to discuss academic and other problems as well as
opportunities with faculty advisers, instructors, and the staffs of the Dean
of the College and the Dean of Student Services.

At the beginning of their first semester of enrollment, freshmen are
assigned a faculty adviser who is prepared to assist new college students
with the challenges of an unfamiliar social and academic environment.
All students are required to have a faculty adviser, and students who
have declared a major must have an adviser from within the major
department or program.

Although the advisement program is an important part of the
Lycoming academic experience, students are expected to accept full
responsibility for their academic programs, including satisfactory com-
pletion of program and college-wide requirements.

Special advising for selected professions is provided by the following
faculty advisory groups: Health Professions Advisory Committee, Legal
Professions Advisory Committee, Medical Technology Advisory Com-
mittee, Theological Professions Advisory Committee. Students in-
terested in these professions should register with the respective commit-
tee during their first semester of enrollment at Lycoming or as soon as
they make a decision to enter the respective profession.

REGISTRATION

During the registration period, students file a schedule form with the
Office of the Registrar. The filing of this form by students and its
acceptance by the College is evidence of a commitment by students to
perform in the courses listed to the best of their abilities. Any change in
the schedule of courses listed on the form, including changes in sections,
without the formal approval of the Office of the Registrar will result in
a grade of F. Students may not receive credit in courses in which they are
not registered. Registration procedures may not be initiated after the
close of the registration period.

During the first ten days of classes students may drop any course
without any record of such enrollment appearing on the permanent
record, and they may add any course that is not closed, but the approval
of the instructor is required during the last five days. Students wishing
to drop a course between the tenth day and the twelfth week of classes
must secure a withdrawal form from the Office of the Registrar, which
is presented to the instructor of the course in question, who assigns a
withdrawal grade based on the level of the student's performance from
the beginning of the course to the date of withdrawal. Withdrawal grades
are not computed in the grade point average. Students may not withdraw
from courses after the twelfth week of a semester, and the comparable
period during the May and Summer Terms.

19

THE UNIT COURSE SYSTEM

Instruction at Lycoming College is organized, with few exceptions, on a
departmental basis. Most courses are unit courses, meaning that each
course taken is considered to be equivalent to four semester hours of
credit. Exceptions occur in applied Music courses, which are offered for
either one-half or one semester hour of credit, and in departments that
have elected to offer certain courses for the equivalent of two semester
hours of credit. Further, Independent Studies and Internships carrying
two semester hours of credit may be designed. The normal student course
load is four courses during the Fall and Spring Semesters. Students who
elect to attend the special sessions may enroll in one course during the
May Term and one or two courses in the Summer Term. A student is
considered full time when enrolled for a minimum of three courses
during the Fall or Spring Semesters, one course for the May Term and
two courses for the Summer Term. Students may enroll in five courses
during the Fall and Spring Semesters if they are Lycoming Scholars or
were admitted to the Dean's List at the end of the previous semester.
Exceptions may be granted by the Dean of the College. Overloads are not
permitted during the May and Summer Terms.

THE SYSTEM OF GRADING AND REPORTING OF GRADES

The evaluation of student performance in credit courses is indicated by
the use of traditional letter symbols. These symbols and their definitions
are as follows:

A Excellent

B High Pass

C Pass

D Low Pass

F Failing

I Incomplete Work

S Passing Work,
no grade assigned

— Signifies superior achievement through mas-
tery of content or skills and demonstration of
creative and independent thinking.

— Signifies better-than-average achievement
wherein the student reveals insight and un-
derstanding.

— Signifies satisfactory achievement wherein
the student's work has been of average quality
and quantity. The student has demonstrated
basic competence in the subject area and may
enroll in additional course work.

— Signifies unsatisfactory achievement wherein
the student met only the minimum require-
ments for passing the course and should not
continue in the subject area, without de-
partmental advice.

— Signifies that the student has not met the
minimum requirements for passing the
course.

— Assigned in accordance with the restrictions
of established academic policy.

— Converted from traditional grade of D or
better.

20

U Failing work, — Converted from traditional grade of F.

no grade assigned.
X Audit — Work as an auditor, for which no credit is

earned.
W Withdrawal — Signifies withdrawal from the course early in

the term when it cannot be determined that

the student is passing or failing.
WP 'Withdrawal, passing — The student was passing at the time of

withdrawal; no credit is earned.
WF Withdrawal, failing — The student was failing at the time of

withdrawal; no credit is earned.

Use of the satisfactory/unsatisfactory grading option is limited as
follows:

— Students may enroll on an S/U basis in no more than one course
per semester and no more than four courses during their under-
graduate career;

— S/U courses completed after declaration of the major may not be
used to satisfy a requirement of that major, including courses
required by the major department which are offered by other
departments. (Instructor-designed courses are excepted from this
limitation.)

— Courses for which a grade of S is recorded may not be used toward
fulfillment of any distribution requirement.

— Students may not enroll in English 1 on an S/U basis.

— A course selected on an S/U basis which is subsequently
withdrawn will not count toward the four-course limit.

— Instructor-designated courses may be offered during the May
Term with the approval of the Dean of the College. Such courses
are not counted toward the four-course limit.

— S/U grades are not computed in the grade point average.

— Students electing the S/U option may designate a minimum
acceptable letter grade of A or B. If the letter grade actually earned
by the student equals or exceeds this minimum, that letter grade
is entered on the student's permanent record and is computed in
the grade point average. In such a case, the course does not count
toward the four-course limit. If the student does not indicate a
minimum acceptable letter grade or if the letter grade actually
earned is lower than the minimum designated by the student, the
Registrar substitutes an S for any passing grade (A, B, C, or D) and
a U for an F grade.

— Students must delcare the S/U option before the end of the period
during which courses may be added during any given semester or
term.

— Instructors are not notified which of their students are enrolled on
an S/U basis.

— Students electing the S/U option are expected to perform the same
work as those enrolled on a regular basis.

21

Incomplete grades may be given if, for absolutely unavoidable
reasons (usually medical in nature), the student has not been able to
complete the work requisite to the course. An incomplete grade must be
removed within six weeks of the next regular semester.

ATTENDANCE

The academic program at Lycoming is based upon the assumption that
there is value in class attendance for all students. Individual instructors
have the prerogative of establishing reasonable absence regulations in
any course. The student is responsible for learning and observing these
regulations.

ACADEMIC STANDING AND ACADEMIC HONESTY

Students are in good academic standing when their cumulative and
semester grade point averages are precisely 2.0 ("C") or better. If either
of these averages is below this level, the student is considered to be in
academic difficulty and is placed on probation for one semester, or
suspended for one semester, or dismissed from the College according to
policies established by the faculty. Students are subject to dismissal at the
time the number of unsuccessful course attempts (grades F, U, W, WP,
WF) exceeds 24 semester hours except in the case of withdrawal for
medical or psychological reasons. Exceptions to this maximum may be
granted by the Academic Standing Committee in the case of readmission
and transfer applicants.

The integrity of the academic process of the College requires honesty
in all phases of the instructional program. The College assumes that
students are committed to the principle of academic honesty. Students
who fail to honor this commitment are subject to dismissal from the
College. Procedural guidelines and rules for the adjudication of cases of
academic dishonesty are printed in Tlie Faculty Handbook and The
Pathfinder (the student academic handbook), copies of which are available
in the library.

CREDIT BY EXAMINATION

Advanced Placement — Entering freshmen who have completed an
advanced course while in secondary school and who have taken the
appropriate advanced placement examination of the College Entrance
Examination Board (CEEB) are encouraged to apply for credit and
advanced placement at the time of admission. A grade of three or above
is considered satisfactory.

College Level Examination Program (CLEP) — Students may earn
college credit for superior achievement through CLEP. By achieving at
the 75th percentile or above on the General Examinations and the 65th
percentile or above on approved Subject Examinations, students may
earn up to 50 percent of the course requirements for a bachelor of arts
degree. Although these examinations may be taken after enrollment, new

22

students who are confident in a given area are encouraged to take the
examinations of their choice during the second semester of their senior
year so that Lycoming will have the test scores available for registration
advisement for the first semester of enrollment. Further information
about CLEP may be obtained through the secondary school guidance
office or the Office of Admissions at Lycoming College.

ACADEMIC HONORS

Dean's List — Students are admitted to the Dean's List at the end of
the Fall and Spring Semesters if they have completed at least four courses
with other than S/U grades and have a minimum grade point average of
precisely 3.50 for the semester.

Graduation Honors — Students are awarded the bachelor of arts
degree with honors when they have earned the following precise grade
point averages based on all courses attempted, including courses
transferred from other institutions to Lycoming:

summa cum laude 3.90-4.00

magna cum laude 3.50-3.89

cum laude 3.25-3.49

Academic Honor Awards and Societies — Superior academic
achievement is recognized through the conferring of awards at the annual
Honors Day Convocation and Commencement and through election to
membership in the following honor societies:

Blue Key Freshman Men

Gold Key Freshman Women

Omicron Delta Epsilon Economics

Phi Alpha Theta History

Psi Chi Psychology

Sigma Pi Sigma Physics

Departmental Honors — Honors projects are normally undertaken
only in a student's major and are available only to exceptionally well-
qualified students who have a solid background in the area of the project
and are capable of considerable self-direction. The prerequisites for
registration in an honors program are as follows:

— A faculty member from the department(s) in which the honors
project is to be undertaken must agree to be the director and must
secure departmental approval of the project.

— The director, in consultation with the student, must convene a
committee consisting of two faculty members from the department
in which the project is to be undertaken, one of whom is the
director of the project, and one faculty member from each of two
other departments related to the subject matter of the study.

— The honors committee must then certify by their signatures on the
application that the project in question is academically legitimate
and worthy of pursuit as an honors project, and that the student
in question is qualified to pursue the project.

23

*

— The project must be approved by the Committee on Individual

Studies.
Students successfully complete honors projects by satisfying the
following conditions in accordance with guidelines established by the
Committee on Individual Studies:

— The student must produce a substantial research paper, critical
study, or creative project. If the end product is a creative project,
a critical paper analyzing the techniques and principles employed
and the nature of the achievement represented in the project shall
be submitted.
— The student must successfully explain and defend the work in a

final oral examination given by the honors committee.
— The honors committee must certify that the student has successful-
ly defended the project and that the student's achievement is
clearly superior to that which would ordinarily be required to earn
a grade of "A" in a regular independent studies course.
— The Committee on Individual Studies must certify that the student

has satisfied all of the conditions mentioned above.
Except in unusual circumstances, honors projects are expected to
involve independent study in two consecutive unit courses. Successful
completion of the honors project will cause the designation of honors in
that department to be placed upon the permanent record. Acceptable
theses are deposited in the college library. In the event that the study is
not completed successfully, or is not deemed worthy of honors, the
student shall be re-registered in independent studies and given a final
grade for the course.

24

Lycoming Scholar Program — Designed for superior students, the
program parallels but goes beyond the standard liberal arts curriculum
as reflected in the college distribution program. Persons with the
following qualities would most likely benefit from this unique program:
(a) high intellectual ability initially indicated by class standing, grades,
and combined SAT scores; (b) curiosity, motivation, imagination,
creativity, and a desire for excellence; (c) commitment to the value of
intellectual dialog and the ability to work independently. The Scholar is
trained to demonstrate unusual proficiency in communication (writing
and speaking), foreign language (the intermediate level or beyond), and
quantitative studies (mathematics and mathematics-oriented dis-
ciplines).

In preparation for intensive interdisciplinary study, Scholars take a
First Year Scholar Seminar, wherein they are introduced to the
philosophy of liberal arts study and the four divisions of learning while
undertaking a trans-disciplinary project. Following this seminar, Schol-
ars complete course work in interdisciplinary studies designed to reveal
the interrelatedness of knowledge as defined by the four divisions:
Studies in Society; Philosophy and Religion; Literature and Fine Arts; and
Quantitative Studies including mathematics, the natural sciences, and
the quantitative social sciences. Students select at least ten courses in
interdisciplinary studies and one Scholar Seminar for each of the four
divisions.

In addition to the above general requirements and the specific
requirement that Lycoming Scholars must demonstrate competence in
swimming, the basic requirement for physical education, Scholars
complete a major and present a Senior Project. Normally, the Senior
Project is based on an independent or honors study done in the major
field and is addressed to an all-Scholar audience. This project is the
capstone of the Scholar's undergraduate academic career.

SPECIAL FEATURES

Independent Studies — Independent Studies are available to any
qualified student who wishes to engage in and receive academic credit
for any academically legitimate course of study for which he or she could
not otherwise receive credit, and may be pursued at any level (introduc-
tory, intermediate, or advanced) and in any department, whether or not
the student is a major in that department. Studies projects which
duplicate catalog courses are sometimes possible, and are subject to the
same provisions which apply to all studies projects. In order for a student
to be registered in an independent study course, the following conditions
must be satisfied:

— An appropriate member of the faculty must agree to supervise the
project and must certify by signing the application form that the
project is academically legitimate and involves an amount of work
appropriate for the amount of academic credit requested, and that
the student in question is qualified to pursue the project.

25

— The studies project must be approved by the chairman of the
department in which the studies project is to be undertaken.

— After the project is approved by the instructor and by the chairman
of the appropriate department, the studies project must be
approved by the Committee on Individual Studies.

In addition, participation in independent studies projects, with the
exception of those which duplicate catalog courses, is subject to the
following:

— Students may not engage in more than one independent studies
project during any given semester.

— Students may not engage in more than two independent studies
projects during their academic career at Lycoming College.

As with other academic policies, any exceptions to these two rules
must be approved by the Academic Standing Committee.

Internship Program — An internship is a course jointly sponsored by
the College and a public or private agency or a subdivision of the College
itself, in which a student is enabled to earn college credit by participating
in some active capacity as an assistant, aide, or apprentice. The objectives
of the internship program are (1) to further the development, by students,
of a central core of values, awarenesses, strategies, skills, and information
through experiences outside the classroom or other campus situations,
and (2) to facilitate the integration of theory and practice, by encouraging
students to relate their on-campus academic experiences more directly to
society in general and to possible career and other post-baccalaureate
objectives in particular.

Any junior or senior student in good academic standing may petition
the Committee on Individual Studies for approval to serve as an intern
for one or two semesters. A maximum of 16 credits can be earned.
Guidelines for program development, assignment of tasks, and academic
requirements such as exams, papers, reports, grades, etc., are established
in consultation with a faculty director at Lycoming and an agency
supervisor at the place of internship.

Students with diverse majors have participated in a wide variety of
internships including the Allenwood Prison Camp, Community Health
Center, County Commissioners Office, Department of Environmental
Resources, Headstart, Historical Society, business and accounting firms,
law offices, hospitals, social service agencies, banks and congressional
offices.

May Term — The May Term is a four-week voluntary session
designed to provide students with experimental and special courses that
are not normally available during the Fall, Spring, and Summer Terms.
Some courses are offered on campus, while others involve travel. A
number offer interdisciplinary credit. Illustrations of the types of courses
offered during the May Term are as follows: (a) Study-Travel: Cultural
Tours of Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom;
Archeological Expeditions to the Middle East; Oceanographic Expedi-
tions in Bermuda; Literature of the Sea on location in the Caribbean;
Anthropological Expeditions to New Mexico to study tri-cultural com-

26

munities; Utopian Communities; Photography Workshops in Vermont;
Revolutionary and Civil War Sites, (b) On-Campus: Financial Statement
Analysis, Silk-screen Printing, Field Geology, History of Astronomy,
Field Ornithology, Chemical Analysis, Managing the Small Business,
Women in Management, Energy Economics, Public School Curriculum,
Writer's Seminar, Modern American Humor, The Norman Kingdom,
Practical Logic, Washington Mini-mester, Psychology of Group Proc-
esses, Ancient Near East Religion, Juvenile Delinquency. Some courses
offered during the Fall and Spring Semesters are offered during the May
Term as well.

Although participation in the May Term is voluntary, student
response has been outstanding, with approximately 25 to 30 percent of
the student body enrolling. In addition to the courses themselves,
attractions include small and informal classes and reduced tuition rates.

Study Abroad — Students have the opportunity to study abroad
under the auspices of approved universities and agencies. While study
abroad is particularly attractive to students majoring in foreign languages
and literatures, this opportunity is open to all students in good academic
standing. Mastery of a foreign language is desirable but not required in
all programs. A file of opportunities is available in the Library.

NOTE: Lycoming College cannot assume responsibility for the health, safety, or welfare
of any student engaged in or en route to or from any off -campus study or activity not under
the exclusive jurisdiction of this institution.

Auditors — Any person may audit courses at Lycoming at one-half
tuition per course. Laboratory and other special fees must be paid in full.
Examinations, papers and other evaluation devices are not required of
auditors, but individual arrangements may be made to complete such
exercises with the consent of the instructor.

As a special service to the Williamsport and surrounding com-
munities, Lycoming offers any person within commuting distance an
opportunity to audit, tuition-free, one course per semester. This pro-
gram, known as The Lycoming Experimental Audit Program (LEAP), is
available during the Fall and Spring Semesters as well as the May and
Summer Terms. Participants pay a $15.00 application fee each semester
they enroll. Official transcripts are not maintained for LEAP enrollments
and credit is not awarded.

Special Students (Part-time for Credit) — Any person may take up to
two courses during any semester or summer term (one in May Term).
Part-time special students pay the $15.00 application fee for the first
registration and the part-time tuition rate in effect at the time of each
enrollment.

Life-Long Learning — The program consists of short (3-7 weeks)
non-credit courses offered throughout the year. Courses have included:
How to Listen to a Symphony, Photography, Investment Fundamentals,
Preparation of Federal Personal Income Tax Forms, Astronomy Today,
The American Revolution, Inflation, Rapid Reading, Greek Folk Dancing
and Culture.

27

STUDENT RECORDS

The policy regarding student educational records is designed to protect
the privacy of students against unwarranted intrusions and is consistent
with Section 438 of the General Education Provision Act (commonly
known as the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, as
amended). The details of the college policy on student records and the
procedures for gaining access to student records are contained in the
current issue of The Pathfinder, which is available in the Library and the
Office of the Dean of the College.

CHAPTER V
STUDENT SERVICES

ADMINISTRATION

Designed to respond to a diversity of student development needs, the
program of student services at Lycoming is administered by the Office of
the Dean of Student Services. The four staff members, three of whom
reside on campus, are each assigned the following specific responsi-
bilities:

— Career Counseling and Placement;

— Housing, Reading Improvement Course;

— Student Activities, Student Union;

— Religious Life, Health Service, Study Skills Program, Reading
Improvement Course.

All members of the staff are available for counseling and advising
individual students.

PERSONAL COUNSELING

All members of the staff of the Office of Student Services are qualified and
available to provide non-therapeutic assistance to students with adjust-
ment problems. A psychiatrist serves as a consultant to the staff and is
available for evaluation of individual students who may be in need of
professional services. Continuing therapy is available through referral to
public agencies and private clinicians in the Williams port community.
Financial arrangements for these referral services are made directly by the
student with the agency and/or individual clinician involved.

HEALTH SERVICES

Normal medical treatment by the Health Service staff at the College is
provided without cost to the student. During the Fall and Spring
Semesters the College maintains in Rich Hall an out-patient service which
is staffed with a registered nurse five days a week from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00
p.m. The College Physician is available from 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon,
Monday through Friday. At other times emergency care is available at the
Emergency Rooms of The Williamsport and Divine Providence Hospitals,
located a short distance from the campus. The College pays the
emergency room charge and the emergency room physician's fee for
illness when the Health Service is closed.

The following medical services involve charges which are paid by the
student: emergency room and emergency room physician's charges
(except as indicated above), special medications, X-rays, surgery, care for
major accidents, immunizations, examinations for glasses, physician's
visits other than in the Health Service, referrals for treatment by
specialists, special nursing services, and special services.

Entering students must provide basic health information to the

29

College between the time of admission and the beginning of classes of the
term to which they are admitted. This information is secured through
college participation in the computerized health information service
provided by Medical Datamation, Inc. New students complete the DASH
Medical Information Questionnaire that is mailed to students shortly
after they have confirmed their admission to Lycoming. The completed
form is sent by the student to Medical Datamation together with a check
for $10. Both the student and the College receive reports based on the
questionnaire responses. The student report consists of a Medical
Database Report, a Health Risk Index, as many health information
brochures as requested, and a Personal Quality of Life Report. Informa-
tion provided by the student is confidential and is available only to
qualified Health Service and Student Service personnel.

STUDY IMPROVEMENT SERVICES

Skills Seminars — The seminars, consisting of three one-hour ses-
sions on scheduling of time, test-taking, and study methods, are
scheduled on demand for six to ten students.

Reading Course — Designed to improve reading speed and com-
prehension, this three-week course is offered at various times during the
academic year for a nominal fee of $15.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT SERVICES

The Career Development Center provides services designed to help
students recognize their interests, abilities and limitations, and potential
majors. It also helps to familiarize them with career trends, employment
outlooks, and means for preparing for specific careers. These services
include:

— individual counseling;

— career planning seminars in value clarification, skill assessment,

and decision-making;
— up-to-date career library;
— speaker's program which brings professionals from a variety of

careers to the campus for weekly seminars;
— video-cassette presentations about particular careers;
—SHARE (Student Having A Real Experience) and internship
programs whereby students observe and work with professionals
in the field for a period of time;
— assistance to seniors in securing employment or admission to

graduate and professional schools;
— access to 34 placement services to assist seniors in implementing

their career plans;
— microfiche copies of graduate and professional school catalogs in
the United States.

30

RESIDENCE AND RESIDENCE HALLS

Students who are single and who do not reside at home are required to
live in residence halls and eat in the dining room. All new resident
students are forwarded a room agreement form to sign following
confirmation of their admission to Lycoming. This agreement is renewed
each Spring. Exceptions to the residence policy may be granted to those
students who wish to live with relatives, and those over 23 years of age
who have established non-resident status; requests for such exemptions
must be submitted to the Associate Dean of Student Services for Housing
before the first day of the term to which the student has been admitted.

Resident students assume responsibility for their rooms and
furnishings. The College reserves the right to enter and inspect any room
for reasons of damage, health, or safety and to search any room when
there is reason to believe a violation of college rules or the law is occurring
or has occurred. Charges are assessed for damage to rooms, doors,
furniture, and common areas, as explained in Chapter III of this catalog.

Residence Halls are not available for occupancy during the vacation
periods. Quiet hours for study purposes, which are established by
residence hall councils or the Office of Student Services, are published
in the Residence Halls Handbook and posted on bulletin boards.

Room visitation by members of the opposite sex is permitted in the
halls under conditions established by the College in cooperation with the
various residence hall councils, which share responsibility for developing
and monitoring regulations and which are organized each Fall Semester
before visitation schedules are established.

31

STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

All students are expected to accept responsibilities required of adults in
a free, democratic society. The rights of every member of the community
are protected from encroachment by established rules and regulations.
Although the acceptance and observance of the standards of behavior
expected by the College are individual responsiblities, they are a group
responsibility as well. It is incumbent on all students to influence their
peers to conduct themselves honorably for the collective good. Accep-
tance of membership in the Lycoming community assumes a willingness
to accept these responsibilities and implicit restrictions. Students who are
unable to demonstrate that they have accepted these responsibilities or
who are antagonistic to the spirit and general purpose of the College or
who fail to abide by established regulations may be dismissed at any time
and may be denied the privilege of attending subsequent terms. Further,
following the conclusion of any term or semester, the College may deny
a student the privilege of attending any subsequent term or semester
when the administration deems this to be in the best interest of the
College.

Lycoming College does not approve or support the use or misuse of
alcoholic beverages. Its historic relationship to The United Methodist
Church and its interpretation of its mission as an institution of higher
education has traditionally supported and encouraged students who
abstain from the use of alcoholic beverages.

Students who enter Lycoming are expected to honor the legal
restrictions on alcohol use imposed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylva-
nia. The observance of the law is the individual responsibility of each
student, and failure to obey the law may subject the student to
prosecution by civil authorities, either on or off the campus.

Students are also expected to be aware of the College's attitude
toward the use and misuse of alcohol and to acknowledge the College's
right to its position. The College will not tolerate any public use of alcohol,
and officials of the College will prescribe penalties for the public or private
misuse of alcohol. These penalties will be applied in a consistent manner.

The College also accepts responsibility for providing students with
reliable information regarding alcoholic beverages and the social and
medical implications of its use. The purpose of the Program on Beverage
Education is to enable students to make a reasoned decision between the
personal options of use or non-use of alcoholic beverages and to assist
students who choose to abstain to be comfortable with that decision in
a larger society where pressures are intense to use alcoholic beverages.

The College will make every effort to create and maintain a
community in which individual choice is coupled with responsible
behavior and respect for the rights of others.

All students are provided a copy of the Guidepost when they are
admitted to Lycoming, and resident students are provided a copy of the
Residerice Halls Handbook. These documents contain statements of official
college policies, rules, and regulations, all of which are part of the

32

contractual agreement students enter into when they register at Lycom-
ing.

RELIGIOUS LIFE

Opportunities for maturing in faith are provided through voluntary
participation in the religious life of the College and the community of
Williamsport. The religious life program is intended to encourage all
students to sustain their own particular religious commitment through
these opportunities. A United Campus Ministry involving chaplains to
United Methodist, Episcopal, Lutheran, Baptist, and Roman Catholic
students and cooperating churches in the community provide the
following services:

— worship program;

— service opportunities;

— pastoral counseling;

— local church relationships;

— religious activities.

Additional Chaplains will be appointed as arrangements to expand
the ministry to other faiths and denominations are completed.

Regular Protestant and Roman Catholic worship services are held on
Sundays in the College Chapel, and several ecumenical worship op-
portunities are planned for special seasons of the church year, including
Christmas, Easter, and Passover.

The Chaplains' office is located in the northwest corner of the ground
floor of Rich Hall.

ORIENTATION OF NEW STUDENTS

The purpose of the orientation program is to insure that new students
begin their Lycoming experience under the most favorable circumstances
and to provide opportunities for new students and their parents to
become more fully informed about the College. Four sessions of two and
one-half days each are organized each summer and attendance by all new
students and at least one parent is required. During the orientation
program, parents and students participate in the following activities:

— Briefing sessions on the academic and co-curricular programs;

— Academic advisement and registration for Fall Semester classes;

— Placement testing in swimming, mathematics, English, and For-
eign Languages;

— Purchase of textbooks.

Information pertaining to orientation is mailed to students when
they have confirmed their admission to Lycoming.

An opportunity to participate voluntarily in an extended five-day
Outward Bound-type experience called Explo is available, whereby
groups of ten students and two qualified instructors undergo a field
exercise designed to enhance the self-confidence and the accomplish-
ment of personal and group objectives.

33

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

A full program of cultural, professional, athletic, and social activities is
an integral part of college life at Lycoming. Students will find a diversity
of outlets for their talents, interests, and leadership abilities through
departmental clubs, intercollegiate and intramural athletics, fraternities
and sororities, clubs, student publications, musical organizations,
theatre, radio station, honorary societies, student government, and
outdoor recreation. Information about these activities is provided in the
Guidepost and other publications of the College and is available through
the Office of the Dean of Student Services.

CHAPTER VI
THE CURRICULUM

Numbers 1-9 Elementary courses in departments where such courses are

not counted as part of the student's major.
Numbers 10-19 Freshman level Courses
Numbers 20-29 Sophomore level Courses
Numbers 30-39 Junior level Courses
Numbers 40-49 Senior level Courses

Numbers 50-59 Non-catalog Courses (offered on a limited basis)
Numbers 60-69 Applied Music
Numbers 70-79 Internships
Numbers 80-89 Independent Study
Numbers 90-99 Independent Study for Departmental Honors

Courses not in sequence are listed separately, as:

Introduction to Art Art 10

Drawing 1 Art 11

Courses which imply a sequence are indicated with a dash between,
meaning that the first semester must be taken prior to the second, as:

Intermediate French French 10-11

All students without regard to sex have the right of access to all courses.

ACCOUNTING

Professor: Richmond (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Mahon

The purpose of the accounting major is to assist the student prepare for a career
within the accounting profession, whether public, private or governmental,
through a curriculum stressing pre-professional education.

To achieve this, all majors are required to take Accounting 10, 20-21, 30, 40
and 41. The remaining two courses of the major requirement are to be selected
from Accounting 25, 31, 42, 43, 44, 46 or Internship after consultation with and
approval of the department in accordance with the student's professional
interests and objectives. Business 10 may be substituted for Accounting 20 if a student
changes majors.

Students seeking entry into the public accounting field are advised to
investigate the professional requirements for certification in the state in which
they intend to practice so that they may meet all educational requirements prior
to graduation. All majors are advised to enroll in Economics 10 and 11. Business
35, 36, and 38, Mathematics 13 and 15, and one of the following: Business 33,
Economics 20 or 37.

10 ELEMENTARY ACCOUNTING THEORY

An introductory course in recording, classifying, summarizing, and in-
terpreting the basic business transaction. Problems of classification and
interpretation of accounts and preparation of financial statements are
studied. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing or consent of instructor.

35

20-21 INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING THEORY

An intensive study of accounting statements and analytical procedures with
emphasis upon corporate accounts. Price level adjustments, partnerships,
joint ventures, installments and consignment sales, branch and home office
accounting, and the statement of affairs are among topics studied. Prere-
quisite: Accounting 10.

25 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

Deals with the analysis of financial statements as an aid to decision making.
The theme of the course is understanding the financial data which are
analyzed as well as the methods by which they are analyzed and interpreted.
This course should prove of value to all who need a thorough understanding
of the uses to which financial statements are put as well as to those who must
know how to use them intelligently and effectively. This includes accoun-
tants, security analysts, lending officers, credit analysts, managers and all
others who make decisions on the basis of financial data. Prerequisite:
Accounting 10 or Business 10. May Term.

30-31 COST AND BUDGETARY ACCOUNTING THEORY

Methods of accounting for material, labor, and factory overhead expenses
consumed in manufacturing using job order, process and standard costing.
Application of cost accounting and budgeting theory to decision making in
the areas of make or buy, expansion of production and sales, and accounting
for control are dealt with. Prerequisite: Accounting 20 or consent of instructor.

40 AUDITING THEORY AND PRACTICE

The science of verifying, analyzing, and interpreting accounts and reports.
An audit project is presented, solved and the auditor's report is written.
Prerequisite: Accounting 21, and Mathematics 13 and 15.

41 FEDERAL INCOME TAX ACCOUNTING AND PLANNING

Analysis of the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code relating to income,
deductions, inventories, and accounting methods. Practical problems involv-
ing determination of income and deductions, capital gains and losses,
computation and payment of taxes through withholding at the source and
through declaration are considered. Planning transactions so that a min-
imum amount of tax will result is emphasized. Prerequisite: Accounting 10 or
consent of instructor.

42 FEDERAL INCOME TAX ADMINISTRATION AND PLANNING

An analysis of the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code relating to
partnerships, estates, trusts, and corporations. An extensive series of
problems is considered and effective tax planning is emphasized. Prerequisite:
Accounting 41.

43 CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING PROBLEMS

Certain areas of advanced accounting theory, including fund accounting, are
covered, and problems are taken from past C.P.A. examinations which
require a thorough knowledge of the core courses in their solution. The

36

course is intended to meet the needs of those interested in public accounting
and preparation for the Certified Public Accountants Examination. Prere-
quisite: Accounting 30 or consent of instructor.

44 CONTROLLERSHIP

Control process in the organization. General systems theory, financial
control systems, centralization-decentralization, performance measurement
and evaluation, forecasts and budgets and marketing, production and
finance models for control purposes. Prerequisite: Accounting 31 or consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

46 SEMINAR ON APB OPINIONS AND FASB STANDARDS

A seminar course for accounting majors with library assignments to gain a
workable understanding of the highly technical opinions of the Accounting
Principles Board and standards of the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
One term paper. Possible trip to New York City to attend a public hearing
of the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Prerequisite: Accounting 10. May
Term.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in accounting typically work off-campus under the supervision of a
public or private accountant.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Typical examples of recent studies in accounting are: computer program to
generate financial statements, educational core for public accountants,
inventory control and church taxation.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

ACCOUNTING— MATHEMATICS

Assistant Professor: Mahon (Coordinator)

The Accounting-Mathematics Interdisciplinary Major is designed to offer, within
a liberal arts framework, courses which will aid in constructing mathematical
models for business decision making. Students obtain a substantial background
in mathematics and a working knowledge in accounting.

Majors will be only four courses short of a math major and three courses short of
an accounting major. Required accounting courses are: Elementary, In-
termediate, Cost and Budgetary Accounting Theory. In Mathematics they are:
Calculus with Analytic Geometry I, II, Multivariate Calculus with Matrix Algebra,
and Computational Matrix Algebra, plus two courses from Differential Equations,
Introduction to Numerical Analysis, and Mathematic Statistics I and II. Business
courses required are Legal Principles I and II. Recommended courses include:
Computer Science, Introduction to Statistics, Financial Management, Quan-
titative Business Analysis, Insurance, Principles of Economics, Industrial Psy-
chology, Social Psychology, and Introduction to Sociology.

AMERICAN STUDIES

Associate Professor: Piper (Coordinator)

The American Studies major offers a comprehensive program in American
civilization which introduces students to the complexities underlying the
development of America and its contemporary life. The thirteen major courses
include:

FOUR-CORE COURSES — The primary integrating units of the major, these
team-taught courses will teach you how to think of ideas from different points
of view and how to correlate information and methods from various disciplines:
America As a Civilization (First semester of major study)
American Studies — Research and Methodology (Second semester)
American Tradition in the Arts and Literature (Third semester)
Internship or Independent Study (Junior and/or senior year)

CONCENTRATION AREAS — Six courses in one option and three in the
other are needed. Six primary Concentration Option courses in American Arts
or American Society build around the insights gained in the Core Courses. They
focus particular attention on areas most germane to academic and vocational
interests. The three additional courses from the other option give further breadth
to understanding of America. Students also will be encouraged to take elective
courses relating to other cultures.

American Arts Concentration Option

American Art — Art 24

American Art of the 20th Century —Art 32

19th Century American Literature — English 16

20th Century American Literature — English 17

American Music — Music 51

American Theatre — Theatre 51

American Society Concentration Option

U.S. Social and Intellectual History to 1877 —History 42

U.S. Social and Intellectual History since 1877 — History 43

The American Constitutional System — Political Science 30

38

The American Political Tradition — Political Science 47

American Economic Development — Economics 51

Racial and Cultural Minorities — Sociology 34

Students should design their American Studies major in consultation with
the program co-ordinator or a member of the American Studies committee.

10 AMERICA AS A CIVILIZATION

An analysis of the historical, socio-cultural, economic, and political per-
spectives on American civilization with special attention to the interrela-
tionships between these various orientations.

11 AMERICAN STUDIES— RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

The study and application of various research methods, including new
trends in historical study, quantitative analysis, cross-cultural studies and
on-site inspection.

12 AMERICAN TRADITION IN THE ARTS AND LITERATURE

The relationships of the arts and literature to the various historical periods
of American life.

70-79 or

INTERNSHIP OR INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

An opportunity to relate the learning in the Core Courses and the
Concentration Areas to an actual supervised off-campus learning situation
or independent study project.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR HONORS (See Index)

39

ART

Associate Professor: Shipley (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Bogle, Lesko
Part-Time Instructor: Wild

A major consists of a balanced program of history of art and studio courses. In
addition to the core courses of the major program (Art 11, 15, or 18, 20, 21, 22,
23, 30, and 46), the student will elect two advanced courses in art history. Art 25
and 35, or Art 28 and 38 may be substituted for Art 20 and 30. Majors will be
required to present their better work in a one-person show during their senior
year.

10 INTRODUCTION TO ART

Course includes basic studio work in two and three dimensions as well as
lecture and slide presentations. The goal of the course is to equip the student
with the skills and background necessary to approach art in an open and
receptive manner.

11 DRAWING I

Study of the human figure with gesture and proportion stressed. Student is
made familiar with different drawing techniques and media. Some drawing
from nature. Offered in alternate semesters with Drawing II and III.

12 COLOR THEORY

A study of the physical and emotional aspects of color. Emphasis will be
placed on the study of color as an aesthetic agent for the artist. The color
theories of Johannes Itten will form the base for this course with some study
of the theories of Albert Munsell, Faber Berren, and Wilhelm Ostwald. May

Term only.

14 DESIGN FOR ELEMENTARY TEACHERS

A course designed to give students the opportunity to explore, in their own
creative style, ideas, techniques and methods for involving children in
expressive activities through the use of a wide range of media in the making
of prints, puppets, pictorial and design projects, simple modeling, mosaics,
plaster casting, weaving and stitchery projects, simple jewelry and gift crafts,
lettering projects, mobiles, stabiles, and other three-dimensional designs
created from scrap materials.

15 TWO-DIMENSIONAL DESIGN

The basic fundamentals found in the two-dimensional arts: line, shape, form,
space, color, and composition are taught in relationship to the other two-
dimensional arts. Perceptual theories and their relationships to what and
why we see what we see in art are discussed with each problem.

18 FIGURE MODELING

Understanding the figure will be approached through learning the basic
structures and proportions of the figure. The course is conceived as a three-
dimensional drawing class. At least one figure per student will be cast.

40

19 CERAMICS I

Emphasis placed on pottery design as it relates to function of vessels and the
design parameters imposed by the characteristics of clay. The techniques of
ceramics are taught to encourage expression rather than to dispense merely
a technical body of information.

20 PAINTING I

An introduction of painting techniques and materials. Coordination of color,
value, and design within the painting is taught. Some painting from the
figure. No limitations as to painting media, subject matter or style.
Prerequisite: Art 15 or consent of instructor.

21 DRAWING II

Continued study of the human figure. Emphasis is placed on realism and
figure-ground coordination with the use of value and design. Prerequisite: Art
11.

22 HISTORY OF ART I

A survey of Western architecture, sculpture, and painting. Emphasis is on
the interrelation of form and content and on the relatedness of the visual arts
to their cultural environment: Near East, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Medieval
Europe.

23 HISTORY OF ART II

A survey of Western architecture, sculpture, and painting. Emphasis is on
the interrelation of form and content and on the relatedness of the visual arts
to their cultural environment: Renaissance to Modern.

24 AMERICAN ART

The development of the arts in America from Colonial times to the Armory
Show with emphasis on the 18th and 19th centuries: Copley, Greenough,
Bulfinch, Homer, Eakins, Richardson, and Sloan.

25 SCULPTURE I

An introduction to the techniques, materials, and ideas of sculpture. Clay,
plaster, wax, wood, and other materials will be used. The course will be
concerned with ideas about sculpture as expression, and with giving material
form to ideas.

27 INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOGRAPHY

Objectives of the course are to develop technical skills in the use of
photographic equipment (cameras, films, darkroom, print maker) and to
develop sensitivity in the areas of composition, form, light, picture quality,
etc. Each student must own or have access to a 35mm roll film camera.

28 PRINTMAKING I

Practice of the techniques of silk-screen, wood-block, and linoleum-block
printing. Prerequisite: Art 11 or 15.

41

29 CERAMICS II

Continuation of Ceramics I. Emphasis on use of the wheel and technical
aspects such as glaze making and kiln firing. Prerequisite: Art 19.

30 PAINTING II

Emphasis is placed on individual style and technique. Artists and move-
ments in art are studied. No limitations as to painting media, subject matter,
or style. Prerequisite: Art 20.

31 MODERN ART

Major artists and important stylistic developments in Europe from 1880 to the
present, including Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism
as well as developments in the United States after 1945 such as Abstract
Expressionism and the painting of the sixties.

32 AMERICAN ART OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Painting, sculpture, and architecture in the United States from 1900 to the
present with emphasis on developments of the fifties and sixties: an inquiry
into the meaning and historical roots of contemporary art.

33 19TH CENTURY ART

Emphasis on painting, sculpture and architecture of Western Europe from
1760 to 1900, including the work of late 18th century artists David and Goya
and 19th century developments from Romanticism to Post-Impressionism.

34 ART OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

Painting, sculpture, and architecture in Italy from the late 13th century to the
early 16th century, including the work of Giotto, Ghiberti, Brunelleschi,
Donatello, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci,
Raphael, and Michelangelo.

35 SCULPTURE II

A continuation of Art 25 or Art 16, with emphasis on independent projects
and more complex technique. Casting of bronze and aluminum sculpture will
be done in the school foundry. Prerequisite: Art 16 or 25.

37 PHOTOGRAPHY II

To extend the skills developed in Photography I by continued growth in
technical expertise, presentation, conceptual ability, and aesthetic sensi-
bility. Emphasis is placed upon term essay in area of student's interest and
presented in booklet format. Prerequisite: Art 27.

38 PRINTMAKING II

Further exploration of silk-screen printing techniques, practice of the
techniques of engraving, drypoint, etching, and aquatint.

42

I m

NB

40 PAINTING III

Professional quality is stressed. There is some experimentation with new
painting techniques and styles.

41 DRAWING III

Continued study of human figure, individual style and professional control
of drawing techniques and media are now emphasized.

46 STUDIO RESEARCH

Independent research in an elective studio area, conducted under the
supervision of the appropriate faculty member, includes creation of work
which may be incorporated in a one-person senior exhibition. Student works
in private studio assigned by the department.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Commercial Design, Interior Design, and photography programs in local
businesses and Museum work at the Historical Museum.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Recent studies in anatomy. Aspects of the Art Noveau, Lithography,
Photography, Pottery, Problems in Illustration, and watercolor.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

43

ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS

Professor: Fineman
Associate Professor: W. Smith
Assistant Professor: Erickson (Chairman)

The department offers two majors. The major in astronomy is specifically
designed to train students in the field of planetarium education. The major in
physics prepares students for graduate work in physics or astronomy, for the
cooperative program in engineering, or for state certification as secondary school
teachers of physics. Juniors and seniors in both majors are required to attend and
participate in the weekly departmental colloquia.

A number of courses in this department are offered on two levels which differ
in the degree of mathematical rigor and sophistication needed. All such courses
have dual catalog numbers, with the letters B (basic) and A (advanced) appearing
after the course names to indicate the level. Both the B and A level of a course
meet together for the same three hours of lecture each week, while the A level
meets for one additional hour each week of more advanced mathematical
development of the material. This system is designated as the "3+1" method. No
student may earn credit for both levels of a course.

The major in astronomy requires AsPh 11, 12, either 15 or 25, either 16 or 26,
30, either 34 or 44, either 35 or 45, and either 36 or 46; Mathematics 18 and 19
(Calculus I and II); and one year of chemistry. One or more of the following are
recommended: AsPh 3, 4, 5, 27, 33, or 42; and Art 27 (Photography I).

The major in physics requires AsPh 11, either 12 or 13, 25, 26, 28, 29, and
at least two courses chosen from 27, 33, 42, 44, 45, 46 and 48; Mathematics 18 and
19 (Calculus I and II); and one year of chemistry. With departmental consent,
advanced courses may be substituted for AsPh 11, 12, or 13. In addition,
Mathematics 20 and 21 (Multivariate Calculus and Differential Equations) are
required for graduate school preparation and the cooperative program in
engineering. It is also recommended that student planning on graduate study in
physics or astronomy take one year of a foreign language and Mathematics 13 and
15 (Introduction to Statistics and Computer Science). With departmental consent,
advanced courses may be substituted for Astronomy and Physics 11 and 12.

3 OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY

A methods course providing the opportunity to make a variety of
astronomical observations, both visually and photographically, with and
without telescopes. The planetarium is used to familiarize the student with
the sky at various times during the year and from different locations on earth.

4 FIELD GEOLOGY

A methods course introducing the field techniques needed to study the
geology of an area. May term.

5 HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY

A comprehensive view of the evolution of astronomical thought from ancient
Greece to the present, emphasizing the impact that astronomical discoveries
and the conquest of space have had on Western culture. Four hours of lecture
per week.

44

11 PRINCIPLES OF ASTRONOMY

A summary of current concepts of the universe, from the solar system to
distant galaxies. Describes the techniques and instruments used in
astronomical research. Presents not only what is reasonably well known
about the universe, but also considers some of the major unsolved problems.
Three hours of lecture, one hour of discussion and planetarium demonstration, and
two hours of laboratory per week. Fall Semester.

12 ENVIRONMENTAL AND EARTH SCIENCE

A study of the physical processes that continually affect the planet Earth,
shaping our environment. Describes how past events and lifeforms can be
reconstructed from preserved evidence to reveal the history of our planet
from its origin to the present. Emphasizes the ways in which geology,
meteorology, and oceanography interrelate with man and the environment.
Three hours of lecture, one hour of discussion and demonstration, and two hours of
laboratory per week. Spring Semester.

13 METEOROLOGY

The general properties of the atmosphere and their measurements will be
discussed in terms of basic physical and chemical laws. Two basic themes will
guide the approach, i.e. , the atmosphere behaves like a giant heat engine and
weather patterns exist from a micro-to-macroscale. Three lectures and one two
hour laboratory per week. May Term only. Alternate years.

15 CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS B

25 CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS A

Rather than presenting an encyclopedia view of classical physics, this course
emphasizes the development of concepts and principles to be applied in all
further courses. The fundamental quantities and laws of mechanics, electrici-
ty and magnetism, and thermodynamics will be presented and illustrated
with numerous problems. Lectures presented by the "3 + 1" method ; also one hour
of recitation and three hours of laboratory per week. Credit may not be earned for
both Astronomy and Physics 15 and 25. Prerequisite for 15: Mathematics 17
(Precalculus). Corequisite for 25: Mathematics 18 (Calculus I). Tall Semester.

16 WAVES AND PARTICLES B

26 WAVES AND PARTICLES A

Description of waves, the wave equation, electromagnetic waves. Reflection,
refraction, interference, and diffraction. The constituents of matter and
radiation, the interaction of matter and radiation, wave-particle duality. The
Bohr atom, atomic structure, and atomic spectra. Nuclear structure, radio-
active decay, and nuclear reactions. Lectures presented by the "3 + 1" method;
also one hour of recitation and three hours of laboratory per week. Credit may not
be earned for both Astronomy and Physics 16 and 26. Prerequisite for
Astronomy and Physics 16: 15 or 25 (Concepts of Physics B or A). Prerequisite for
Astronomy and Physics 26: 25 (Concepts of Physics A). Corequisite for Astronomy
and Physics 26: Mathematics 19 (Calculus 11). Spring Semester.

45

27 ELECTRONICS

D.C. and A.C. circuit and network theory, active devices such as transistors,
operational amplifiers, integrated circuits and introduction to digital elec-
tronics will be covered. Three lectures and two 2-hour laboratory sessions per week.
Prerequisites: Astronomy I Physics 15 or 25 and Mathematics 9 or 18, or consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

28 MECHANICS

Kinematics and dynamics of single particles and systems of particles. Rigid
bodies. Introduction to the mechanics of continuous media. Moving refer-
ence frames. Lagrangian mechanics. Four hours of lecture and three hours of
laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Astronomy and Physics 25 (Concepts of Physics
A) and Mathematics 19 (Calculus II).

29 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

The electromagnetic field, electrical potential, magnetic field, and electric and
magnetic properties of matter. Electric circuits. Maxwell's equations. Labora-
tory includes electronics as well as classical electricity and magnetism. Four
hours of lecture and three hours oflaboraton/ per week. Prerequisite: Astronomy and
Physics 26 (Waves and Particles A).

30 PLANETARIUM TECHNIQUES

A methods course covering major aspects of planetarium programming,
operation, and maintenance. Students are required to prepare and present
a planetarium show. Upon successfully completing the course, students are
eligible to become planetarium assistants. Tioo hours of lecture and demonstra-
tion and four hours of practical training per week. Prerequisite: Astronomy and
Physics 11 (Principles of Astronomy) or consent of the instructor.

33 OPTICS

Geometrical optics and optical systems; physical optics, interference,
Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction; and coherence and lasers will be covered.
Three lectures and three hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Astronomy I Physics
16 or 26 and Mathematics 9 or 18, or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

32 ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS B

42 ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS A

A survey course on the physics of the upper atmosphere. Lectures presented
by the "3 + 1" method. Credit may not be earned for both 32 and 42.
Prerequisites for 32: 12 (Environmental and Earth Science) and Astronomy and
Physics 16 or 26 (Waves and Particles B or A). Prerequisites for Astronomy and
Physics 42: 12 (Environmental and Earth Science) and Astronomy and Physics 26
(Waves and Particles A). Alternate years.

34 RELATIVITY AND COSMOLOGY B

44 RELATIVITY AND COSMOLOGY A

A detailed presentation of the special theory of relativity, and a short view
of the general theory and its classical proofs. Man's concepts of the universe,

46

with particular attention to alternative modern cosmological models. Dis-
cussion of the Cosmological Principle, its rationale, and its implications.
Lectures will be presented by the "3 + 1 " method. Credit may not be earned for
both Astronomy and Physics 34 and 44. Prerequisites for Astronomy and Physics
34: 11 (Principles of Astronomy) and either Astronomy and Physics 15 or 25
(Concepts of Physics B or A), Mathematics 18 (Calculus I). Prerequisites for
Astronomy and Physics 44: 1 1 (Principles of Astronomy) and 25 (Concepts of Physics
A).

35 STELLAR EVOLUTION AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS B

45 STELLAR EVOLUTION AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS A

The physical principles governing the internal structure and external
appearance of stars. Mechanisms of energy generation and transport within
stars. The evolution of stars from initial formation to final stages. The creation
of chemical elements by nucleosynthesis. Lectures presented by the "3 + 1"
method. Credit may not be earned for both Astronomy and Physics 35 and
45. Prerequisites for Astronomy and Physics 35: 11 (Principles of Astronomy) and
either Astronomy and Physics 16 or 26 (Waves and Particles B or A). Corequisite
for Astronomy and Physics 35: Mathematics 19 (Calculus ID or consent of the
instructor. Prerequisites for Astronomy and Physics 45: 11 (Principles of Astronomy)
and 26 (Waves and Particles A). Alternate years.

36 STELLAR DYNAMICS AND GALACTIC STRUCTURE B

46 STELLAR DYNAMICS AND GALACTIC STRUCTURE A

The motion of objects in gravitational fields. Introduction to the n-body
problem. The relation between stellar motions and the galactic potential. The
large scale structure of galaxies in general and of the Milky Way Galaxy in
particular. Lectures presented b\/ the "3 + 1 " method. Credit may not be earned
for both Astronomy and Physics 36 and 46. Prerequisites for 36: 11 (Principles
of Astronomy) and either 15 or 25 (Concepts of Physics B or A). Corequisite for
Astronomy and Physics 36: Mathematics 19 (Calculus II) or consent of instructor.
Prerequisites for Astronomy and Physics 46: 11 (Principles of Astronomy) and 25
(Concepts of Physics A). Corequisite for Astronomy and Physics 46: 28 (Mechanics)
or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

48 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM MECHANICS

Basic concepts and formulation of quantum theory. The free particle, the
simple harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom, and central force problems
will be discussed. Both time independent and time dependent perturbation
theory will be covered. Four hours of lecture and recitation. Prerequisite: either
Astronomy and Physics 26 (Waves and Particles A) or Chemistry 31 (Physical
Chemistry 11), and Mathematics 21 (Differential Equations).

49 ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS COLLOQU1A

Active scientists in astronomy, physics, and related areas are invited to present
lectures on their own research or other professional activities. In addition, seniors
majoring in astronomy or physics present the results of a literature survey or
individual research project. One hour per week. Majors in this department must
attend three semesters without credit during junior and senior years (register

47

for non-credit 00, Colloquia). Credit may be earned during the senior
semester in which the student's presentation is given.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in physics work off-campus under the supervision of professional
physicists employed by local industries or hospitals.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Independent studies may be undertaken in most areas of astronomy and/or
physics.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

BIOLOGY

Associate Professor: Angstadt, Sherbine (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Diehl, Gabriel, King, Zaecaria

A major consists of eight Biology courses including 10-11, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25.
In addition, one year of chemistry and mathematics is required. Certain specific
exceptions to the core program will be made for three-year students enrolled in
cooperative programs. Such exceptions are noted under the particular coopera-
tive program described in the last section of the Curriculum Chapter of the catalog
and students interested in these programs should contact the Program Director
before finalizing their individual programs. Credit may not be earned for both
Biology 1 and 10 or for both Biology 2 and 11. Consent of instructor may replace
Biology 10-11 as a prerequisite for all Biology courses.

1-2 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY

An investigation of biological principles, including ecological systems, form
and function in selected representative organisms (especially man), cell
theory, molecular biology, reproduction, inheritance, adaptation, and evolu-
tion. The course is designed primarily for students not planning to major in
the biological sciences. Three hours of lecture and one two-lwur laboraton/ per
week.

3 FIELD BIOLOGY FOR TEACHERS

A methods course for students preparing to teach biology. Sources and
methods of collecting and preserving various plant and animal materials.
Summer Term only.

5-6 HUMAN ANATOMY— PHYSIOLOGY

An introduction to the physics and chemistry relative to biological systems.
Human anatomy, physiology, and developmental biology will be surveyed.
An introduction to microbiology with emphasis given to host- pathogen
relationships and the immune response. Three hours of lecture and one three-
hour laboratory per week.

10-11 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

An introduction to the study of biology designed for students planning to
major in the biological sciences. Major topics considered include the origin
of life, cellular respiration and photosynthesis, genetics, development,
anatomy and physiology, ecology, behavior and evolution. Three hours of
lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week.

21 MICROBIOLOGY

A study of microorganisms. Emphasis is given to the identification and
physiology of microorganisms as well as to their role in disease, their
economic importance and industrial applications. Three hours of lecture and two
tioo-liour laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11.

22 GENETICS

A general consideration of the principles governing inheritance including

49

treatment of classical, molecular, cytological, physiological, microbial, hu-
man and population genetics. Three hours of lecture and tivo txoo-lwur laboratory
periods per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11.

23 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

The mechanisms and functions of animal systems including the autonomic,
endocrine, digestive, cardio-vascular, respiratory, renal, nervous, and
reproductive systems. Mammalian physiology is stressed. Three hours of
lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11.

24 ECOLOGY

The study of the principles of ecology with emphasis on the role of chemical,
physical, and biological factors affecting the distribution and succession of
plant and animal populations and communities. Included will be field studies
of local habitats as well as laboratory experimentation. Tivo hours of lecture and
one four-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11.

25 PLANT SCIENCES

A survey of the structure, development, function, classification and use of
plants, with emphasis on flowering plants. The study will comprise four
general topic areas: Form, including morphology and anatomy of plants in
growth and reproduction; Function, concentrating on nutrition and
metabolism peculiar to photosynthetic organisms; classification systems and
plant identification; and human uses of plants. Three hours of lecture and one
three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11

30 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES

Detailed examination of the origins, structure, and functions of the principal
organs of vertebrates. Special attention is given to the progressive mod-
ification of organs from lower to higher vertebrates. Three hours of lecture and
one four-hour laboratory/ per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

31 HISTOLOGY

A study of the basic body tissues and the microscopic anatomy of the organs
and structures of the body which are formed from them. Focus is on normal
human histology. Three hours of lecture and one four-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

33 ECONOMIC AND SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

Structure and classification of plants, with emphasis on those species,
particularly food and drug plants, having significance for human affairs.
Three hours of lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Biology
10-11. Biology 25. Alternate years.

34 INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY

Comparative study of the invertebrate phyla with emphasis on phylogeny,
physiology, morphology and ecology. Tivo three-hour lecturellaboraton/ periods
per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

50

35 CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

Physico-chemical background of cellular function: functions of membrane
systems and organelles; metabolic pathways; biochemical and cellular bases
of growth; development and responses of organisms. Three hours of lecture and
one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11, and a year of
Chemistry. Alternate years.

36 INTRODUCTION TO MARINE BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL
OCEANOGRAPHY

The study of major marine habitats and the adaptations of marine organisms
as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of oceans. This field
oriented course is held at a major Marine Biological Station, and includes
diving and collecting from boats. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. May term only.

37 FIELD ORNITHOLOGY

A field oriented course, with in-th-field discussions, demonstrations and
exercises dealing with the systematics and identification of the birds of the
Northern U.S., their behavior, migration, habitat selection and populations
dynamics. Studies will stress experimental techniques used in the field,
including banding, recording and playback methods, territorial mapping and
population analysis. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. May term only.

38 CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

A rigorous introduction to Clinical Microbiology with emphasis given to
rapid identification of human bacterial pathogens. Laboratory to include
such diagnostic procedures as antibiotic sensitivity testing, serological
diagnosis, anaerobic culture techniques and hemolytic reactions. Field trips
will be taken to several clinical labs. Prerequisites: Biology 10-11, Biology 21.
May term only.

40 PARASITOLOGY

The biology of parasites and parasitism. Studies on the major groups of
animal parasites, their taxonomy and life cycles, with an emphasis on those
of medical and veterinary importance. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11, Alternate

years.

41 VERTEBRATE EMBRYOLOGY

A study of the development of vertebrates from fertilization to the fully
formed fetus. Particular attention is given to the chick and human as
representative organisms. Two three-hour lecturellaboraton/ periods per week.
Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

42 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

A study of the causation, function, evolution, and biological significance of
animal behaviors in their normal environment and social contexts. Three
hours of lecture and one four-hour laboratonj each week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-
11. Alternate years.

51

43 ICHTHYOLOGY

The course will encompass the anatomy, taxonomy, and life histories of both
freshwater and marine fish. Species of major economic and sport interest will
be featured, while the areas of fish management, aquiculture, and fish
harvesting will be considered. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

44 BIOCHEMISTRY

Emphasis is given to the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids,
proteins, and nucleic acids; integration of metabolism; and biochemical
control mechanisms including allosteric control, induction, repression, as
well as the various types of inhibitive control mechanisms. Three hours of
lecture, one three hour laboratory and one hour of arranged work per week.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 20-21 orCliemistn/5, or consent of instructor. Cross-listed
as Chemistry 44. Alternate years.

46 PLANT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

A study of plant physiology as a function of plant anatomy. Metabolic
relationships and environmental factors will be examined from a background
of the structure and development of cells, tissues, organs, and whole plants.
Three hours of lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Biology
10-11, Biology 25. Alternate years.

47 IMMUNOLOGY

The course introduces concepts concerning how pathogens cause disease
and host defense mechanisms against infectious diseases. Characterization
of and relationships between antigens, haptens, and antibodies are pre-
sented. Serological assays will include: agglutination precipitations, im-
munofluorescence, immunoelectrophoresis, and complement fixation. Oth-
er topics are: immediate and delayed hypersensitivities (i.e. allergies such as
hay fever and poison ivy), immunological renal diseases, im-
munohematology (blood groups, etc.) the chemistry and function of comple-
ment autoimmunity and organ graft rejection phenomena. Three hours of
lecture, one three-hour laboratonj and one hour of arranged work per week.
Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

48 ENDOCRINOLOGY

This course begins with a survey of the role of the endocrine hormones in
the integration of body functions. This is followed by a study of the control
of hormone synthesis and release, and a consideration of the mechanisms
by which hormones accomplish their effects on target organs. Two three-hour
lecturellaboratorx/ periods per week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Recent samples of internships in the department include ones with the
Department of Environmental Resources, nuclear medicine or rehabilitative
therapies at the local hospital.

52

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Departmental Studies are experimentally oriented and may entail either lab
or field work.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

Examples of recent Honors Projects have involved stream analysis, gypsy
moth research, drug synthesis and testing.

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Professor: Hollenback (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: King, Weaver
Lecturer: Larrabee
Part-Time Instructor: Rauff

The major is designed to train students in analytical thinking and verbal and oral
communication, in addition to educating them in the principal disciplines of
business. To accomplish this, ten courses are required: Business 10-11, 23, 28-29,
38-39, 40, and 41 and Mathematics 13. Business 32, 43, or 44 may be substituted
for Business 29, and Business 33 may be substituted for Business 39. Accounting
10 may be substituted for Business 10 if a student's major changes. Majors also
are urged to enroll in Economics 10, 11; Business 35 and 36; Mathematics 12 and
15, and are encouraged to take a foreign language. The additional elective
offerings are intended to add depth in the areas of finance, marketing, and
management.

10-11 MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING

The business firm is a decision-making institution adapting to a constantly
changing environment. Future administrators and managers are introduced
to their stewardship responsibilities by use of accounting and statistical
techniques as tools in planning and controlling the organization.

23 QUANTITATIVE BUSINESS ANALYSIS

Techniques of quantitative analysis useful in business management. Topics
include: sampling, hypothesis testing, index numbers, analysis of time
series, linear programming, and decision theory. Prerequisite: Math 13 or
consent of instructor.

28-29 MARKETING MANAGEMENT

Planning, organization, and control of the distribution activities of the firm,
and an analysis and evaluation of the marketing system, its institutions and
processes. Application of marketing principles and the development of
strategies for specific marketing problems. Product, channel flow, promotion
and pricing strategies explored. Readings, cases, and games.

32 ADVERTISING

Nature, scope, methods, and effects of promotion. Techniques of analysis
and control in the use of advertising and publicity as tools in developing
business strategy.

53

33 INVESTMENTS

Analysis of the leading types of investments available to the individul and
the firm. Use of forecasting methods, financial reports, and financial
indicators. Methods of buying and selling securities with a discussion of the
agencies involved including brokerage houses and stock exchanges.

34 INSURANCE

Analysis of the major insurance methods of overcoming risk, including: life,
accident, health, marine, and social insurance. Fidelity and surety bonds.
Commercial and government plans.

35 LEGAL PRINCIPLES I

Lectures and analysis of cases on the nature, sources, and fundamentals of
the law in general, and particularly as relating to contracts, agency, and
negotiable instruments. Open only to juniors and seniors.

36 LEGAL PRINCIPLES II

Lectures on the fundamentals and history of the law relating to legal
association, real property, wills, and estates. Open only to juniors and seniors.

38-39 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Planning, organization, and control of the financial aspects of the firm.
Development of financial principles and application to specific situations.
Sources and uses of funds, costs of funds, profit determination, expansion,
reorganization and liquidation. Prerequisite: Business 11 or Accounting 20, and
Business 23.

40 MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

Structural characteristics and functional relationships of a business organiza-
tion as well as the problems encountered in coordinating the internal
resources of a firm. Emphasis on administrative efficiency and procedures.

41 BUSINESS POLICIES

Planning, organization, and control of business operations; setting of goals;
coordination of resources; development of policies. Analysis of strategic
decisions encompassing all areas of a business, and the use and analysis of
control measures. Emphasis on both the internal relationship of various
elements of production, finance, marketing, and personnel and the rela-
tionship of the business entity to external stimuli. Readings, cases, and
games. Prerequisites: Business 23, 28-29, 38-39, and 40 or consent of instructor.
Seniors only.

42 PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

An introduction to the managerial problems of recruiting, selecting, training,
and retraining the human resources of the firm. Emphasis is placed on the
interrelationship of personnel policies with management objectives and
philosophies in such areas as fringe benefits, wage and salary policies, union
activities, and health and safety.

54

43 RETAIL MANAGEMENT I

Planning, organization, and control of the retailing firm. Competitive
strategy development through store location, layout, administrative or-
ganization, buying and pricing. Cases, reading, and papers. Alternate years.

44 RETAIL MANAGEMENT II

Inventory control, retail sales, promotion, and financial analysis of the
enterprise. Survey of current issues and government, social, and economic
forces of concern to the retailer. Retailing principles applied to specific
management situations through cases, games, and reading. Prerequisite:
Business 43 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

46 PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

An introduction to the production function in industry. Topics include:
product design, plant location and layout, operational analysis, performance
standards, line balance theory, inventory control, and the impact of
automation through technological change. Alternate years.

47 CREATIVE ADVERTISING

A workshop concerned with theme, copy, and effective presentation of
advertisements for print media, radio, and direct mail. Primarily an
exploration of creativity through analysis of works of artists and writers with
application to practical advertising and tailored to the interests of individual
students. May Term.

48 SALES SEMINAR

The role of selling in the economy. The art of creative selling; application of
theories from the behavioral sciences to selling through the analysis of sales
situations and techniques. Alternate years.

49 MANAGING THE SMALL BUSINESS

How the potential businessman proceeds in establishing, operating, and
profiting from a small business operation. Considered and analyzed are such
aspects as marketing, managing, financing, promoting, insuring, establish-
ing, developing, and staffing the small retail, wholesale service, and
manufacturing firm. May term.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Typical examples are marketing analysis for a paper products firm, planning
a branch store, hotel and real estate management, banking and insurance.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Examples of recent studies are: The economic impact of a college on a
community; a marketing strategy for a local firm entering the consumer
market.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

A recent project was a study of the evolution of anti-trust legislation in the
United States.

55

CHEMISTRY

Professor: Hummer (Chairman), Radspinner
Assistant Professor: Franz
Part-Time Instructor: Baggett

A major consists of eight Chemistry courses: Chemistry 10-11, 20-21, 30-31, 32,
and 33; Mathematics 18, 19, 20, and Astronomy and Physics 25, 26. Mathematics
15 and 21, and French or German are highly recommended. To be certified in
secondary education, chemistry majors must also pass two biology courses
numbered 10 or higher.

5 BRIEF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

This course is designed for those non-chemistry majors who elect a single
semester course only in organic chemistry. The material will illustrate
principles and concepts of organic chemistry supported by that descriptive
material which would find application for students of medical technology,
biology, nursing, forestry, education, and the humanities. Topics included
are bonding and structure, alkanes, arenes, and their functional derivatives,
amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates, and other naturally occurring
compounds. Three hours of lecture and one four-lwur laboratory period each week.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 10. Not open for credit to students who have received credit
for Cliemistry 20.

10 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I

An introduction to the concepts and models of chemistry which are necessary
for an understanding of the fabric and dynamics of the material world. These
principles include stoichiometry, atomic and molecular structure and
properties, the states of matter, solutions, kinetics, equilibrium, and
nomenclature. A study of the chemistry of representative elements and their
compounds is made through the application of fundamental principles. The
laboratory work introduces the student to methods of separation, purifica-

56

tion, and identification of compounds according to their physical properties.
Three hours lecture, one hour discussion, and one three-hour laboratory period each
week. Prerequisite: Placement in Chemistry 10 is determined in part by a student's
score on the mathematics examination taken by all incoming Freshmen during
orientation.

11 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II

Continuation of Chemistry 10, with emphasis on the foundations of
analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry. The principal unifying con-
cepts of chemical systems are examined in both Chemistry 10 and 11. The
laboratory treats aspects of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Three hours
lecture, one hour discussion, and one three-hour laboratory period each week.
Prerequisite: Cltemistry 10.

20-21 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

A systematic study of the compounds of carbon including both aliphatic and
aromatic series. The laboratory work introduces the student to simple
fundamental methods of organic synthesis, isolation, and analysis. Three
hours lecture and one four-hour laboratory period each iveek. Prerequisite: Chemistry
11.

30-31 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

A study of the fundamental principles of theoretical chemistry and their
applications. The laboratory work includes techniques in physiochemical
measurements. Three hours lecture and one four-fiour laboratory period each week.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 11, Mathematics 20, and one year of Physics or consent of
instructor.

32 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

A study of the fundamental methods of gravimetric, volumetric, and
elementary instrumental analysis together with practice in laboratory techni-
ques and calculations of these methods. Two hours lecture and two three-lwur
laboratory periods each week. Prerequisite: Cliemistry 11 or consent of instructor.

33 ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

A study of modern theories of atomic and molecular structure and their
relationship to the chemistry of selected elements and their compounds.
Three hours lecture and one four-hour laboratory period each week. Prerequisite:
Cliemistry 30, Mathematics 20, and one year of Physics or consent of instructor.

39 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM MECHANICS

After presenting the origin, basic concepts and formulation of Quantum
Mechanics with emphasis on its physical meaning, the free particle, simple
harmonic oscillator and central force problems will be investigated. Both time
independent and time dependent perturbation theory will be covered. The
elegant operator formalism of quantum mechanics will conclude the course.
Four Iwurs of lecture and recitation . Prerequisites: Mathematics 21, either Chemistry
31 or Astronomy and Physics 26, and consent of instructor. Cross-listed as
Astronomy and Physics 48.

57

40 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Selected topics, which may include mechanisms of organic reactions,
synthesis, detailed structure and chemistry of natural products, polynuclear
hydrocarbons, and aromatic heterocyclics. Three hours lecture. Prerequisite:
Chemistry 21.

41 QUALITATIVE ORGANIC ANALYSIS

Theory and application of the systematic identification of pure organic
compounds and mixtures. Two hours lecture and two three-hour laboratoni
periods each week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 21.

43 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

A study of advanced analytical methods with emphasis on chromatographic,
electrochemical, and spectroscopic methods of analysis. Three hours lecture
and one four-hour laboratory period each week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 31 and 32.

44 BIOCHEMISTRY

Emphasis is given to the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids,
proteins, and nucleic acids; integration of metabolism; and biochemical
control mechnisms including allosteric control, induction, repression, as well
as the various types of inhibitive control mechanisms. Prerequisite: Chemistry
21 or 5 or consent of instructor. Cross-listed as Biology 44.

45 SPECTROSCOPY AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Theory and practice of molecular structure determination by spectroscopic
methods. Three hours lecture. Pre or co-requisites: Chemistry 31, 33, or consent
of instructor.

48 CHEMISTRY COLLOQUIUM

A seminar in which faculty, students, and invited professional chemists
discuss their own research activities or those of others which have appeared
in the recent chemical literature. Prerequisite: Three semesters of non-credit
Chemistry Colloquium 00 taken during the junior and senior years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

The student will ordinarily work under supervision in an industrial labora-
tory and submit a written report on his project.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

The student will ordinarily work on a laboratory research project and will
write a thesis on his work.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

The student will ordinarily work on a laboratory research project with
emphasis being on the student's showing initiative and making a scholarly
contribution. A thesis will be written.

58

CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Instructor: Strauser (Coordinator)

This major is designed to acquaint students with the American criminal justice
system and to provide an understanding of the social, psychological,
philosophical, and political contexts within which the system of criminal justice
functions. Its aim is to develop students' intellectual and scientific skills in raising
and attempting to answer important questions about the system of justice and
its place in society. The program offers opportunity for intern experience in the
field and prepares for careers in the areas of law enforcement, probation and
parole, prisons, and treatment services.

The major has two tracks. Track I prepares for careers in Law Enforcement.
Track II prepares for careers in Corrections.

Track I — Law Enforcement. The major consists of ten courses, distributed
as follows:

A. Professional courses in criminal justice (three courses)

Introduction to the Criminal Justice System (Sociology and Anthropology 15)
Introduction to Law Enforcement (Sociology and Anthropology 23)
The American Prison System (Sociology and Anthropology 39)

B. Courses in the social, psychological, philosophical, and political context of
the justice system (seven courses)

Criminology (Sociology and Anthropology 30) and either Juvenile Delin-
quency (Sociology and Anthropology 21) or Racial and Cultural Minorities
(Sociology and Anthropology 34) (two courses)
Abnormal Psychology (Psychology 16) (one course)

America as a Civilization (American Studies 10). Afro-American History
(History 28), or United States Social and Intellectual History Since 1877
(History 43) (one course)

Law and Society (Political Science 35) and Civil Rights and Liberties (Political
Science 31) (two courses)
Philosophical Issues in Criminal Justice (Philosophy 18) (one course)

C. Internship or practicum in law enforcement. (Recommended but not
required for the major)

Track II — Corrections. The major consists of ten courses, distributed as
follows:

A. Professional courses in criminal justice (three courses)

Introduction to the Criminal Justice System (Sociology and Anthropology 15)
The American Prison System (Sociology and Anthropology 39)
Introduction to Social Work (Sociology and Anthropology 42)

B. Courses in the social, psychological, philosophical, and political context of
the justice system (seven courses)

Criminology (Sociology and Anthropology 30) and either Juvenile Delin-
quency (Sociology and Anthropology 21) or Racial and Cultural Minorities
(Sociology and Anthropology 34) (two courses)
Abnormal Psychology (Psychology 16) (one course)

America as a Civilization (American Studies 10). Afro-American History
(History 28), or United States Social and Intellectual History Since 1877
(History 43) (one course)

59

Law and Society (Political Science 35) and Civil Rights and Liberties (Political

Science 31) (two courses)

Philosophical Issues in Criminal Justice (Philosophy 18) (one course)

C. Internship or practicum in corrections. (Recommended but not required for
the major) Prerequisites: Mathematics 13, Psychology 21, and Psychology 39.
These prerequisites may be waived in certain cases by the Coordinating
Committee.

Majors should seek advice concerning course selection from members of the
coordinating committee and should note course prerequisites in planning their
programs.

60

ECONOMICS

Professor: Opdahl (Chairman), Rabold

The major has two tracks. Track I is designed for the student whose primary
interest lies in business management; Track II is designed for students with an
interest in graduate work, teaching, government, or non-business careers and for
those with less well defined interests.

Track I — Managerial Economics requires: Economics 10, 11, 32, and 41;
Business 10-11, or Accounting 10 and 20; Business 38 and 39; plus two electives
from the following: Economics 20, 31, 35, 37, 43 and Business 40.

Track II — Political Economy requires: Economics 10, 11, 30, 31, 40, and five
electives of which three must be in economics and two in political science, all
selected with the advice and consent of the student's advisor or department
chairman.

In addition, the following courses are recommended: All majors — Math 13
and Business 23; Majors planning graduate work — Math 12-18; Track II majors
— Business 10-11.

2 CONSUMER ECONOMICS

A course in "family" or "practical" economics, designed to teach students
how they and their families can be intelligent consumers: that is, how they
can spend, save, and borrow so as to maximize the value they receive for the
income they have. Treats subjects such as intelligent shopping; the uses and
abuses of credit; investing, savings; buying insurance, automobiles and
houses; medical care costs; estates and wills; etc. Alternate years.

10 PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY I

Macroeconomics. Deals with problems of the economic system as a whole.
What influences the level of national income and employment? What is
inflation and why do we have it? What is the role of government in a modern
capitalistic system? How does business organize to produce the goods and
services we demand? How are the American financial and banking systems
organized? What is the nature of American unionism? What are the elements
of government finance and fiscal policy?

11 PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY II

This course focuses upon microeconomics and selected current economic
problems. It deals with the relatively small units of the economy such as the
firm and the family. Analyzes demand and supply. Discusses how business
firms decide what and how much to produce and how goods and services
are priced in different types of markets. Also considers such problems as
economic growth, international trade, poverty, discrimination, ecology, and
alternative economic systems.

20 MONEY AND BANKING

Covers business fluctuations and monetary and fiscal policy; the financial
organization of society; the banking system; credit institutions; capital
markets; and international financial relations. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and
11. Alternate years.

61

22 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF THE WEST: Capitalism and Socialism

A comparative analysis of the underlying ideologies, the basic institutions
and the performance of selected economic systems extant in the West.
Alternate years.

23 SOVIET-TYPE ECONOMIES

An analysis of the ideologies, institutions, and performance of Soviet-type
economies, with emphasis upon Marxian theory and the economy of the
U.S.S.R.; comparison of selected Eastern European and Chinese approaches
to Communism. Alternate years.

24 URBAN PROBLEMS

The application of economic theory to the study of significant social, political,
and economic problems associated with urbanization, including poverty,
employment, education, crime, health, housing, land use and the environ-
ment, transportation, and public finance. Analysis of solutions offered.

Alternate years.

25 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

A study of the relationship between environmental decay and economic
growth, with particular reference to failures of the price and property rights
systems; application of cost/benefit analysis; measures aimed at the creation
of an ecologically viable economy. Alternate years.

30 INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS

An advanced analysis of contemporary theory regarding consumer demand,
production costs and theory, profit maximization, market structures, and the
determinants of returns to the factors of production. Prerequisite: Economics
10 and 11.

31 INTERMEDIATE MACROECONOMICS

An advanced analysis of contemporary theory and practice with regard to
business fluctuations, national income accounting, the determination of
income and employment levels, and the use of monetary and fiscal policy.
Prerequisite: Economics 10 and 11.

32 GOVERNMENT AND THE ECONOMY

An analytical survey of government's efforts to maintain competition
through antitrust legislation; to supervise acceptable cases of private
monopoly through public utility regulation and via means of regulatory
commissions; and to encourage or restrain various types of private economic
activities. Alternate years. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and 11, or consent of
instructor.

35 LABOR PROBLEMS

The history of organized labor in the United States, including the structure
of unions; employers' opposition to unions; the role of government in labor-
management relations; the economic impact of unions. Alternate years.

62

37 PUBLIC FINANCE

An analysis of the fiscal economics of the public sector, including the
development, concepts, and theories of public expenditures, taxation, and
debt at all levels of American government. Includes also the use of fiscal
policy as an economic control device. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and 11 or
consent of instructor.

40 HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT

A discussion of the origins, development, and significance of the economic
ideas embodied in the works of Smith, Marx, Schumpeter, Keynes, and
others. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and 11 or consent of instructor.

41 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

The application of economic theory and methodology to the solution of
business problems. Subjects include: optimizing techniques, risk analysis,
demand theory, production theory, cost theory, linear programming, capital
budgeting, market structures, and the theory of pricing. Prerequisite: Econom-
ics 10 and 11.

43 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

A study of the principles, theories, development, and policies concerning
international economic relations, with particular reference to the United
States. Subjects covered include: U.S. commercial policy and its develop-
ment; international trade theory; tariffs and other protectionist devices;
international monetary system and its problems; balance of payments issues.
Alternate years. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and 11.

45 DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS

A study of the theories and problems of capital accumulation, allocation of
resources, technological development, growth, planning techniques and
institutions, and international relations encountered by the developing
nations. Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Typically off-campus in business, banking, or government, supervised bv
assigned employee of sponsoring organization.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Superior students may select independent study in various courses, particu-
larly in preparation for graduate school.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

63

EDUCATION

Associate Professor: Keesbury (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Conrad, Studier

Lycoming believes that the liberal arts provide the best preparation for future
teachers, thus all education students complete a liberal arts major in addition to
the certification requirements. Students can be certified in elementary education
or one or more of the following secondary areas: biology, chemistry, English,
French, general science (with biology and astronomy/ physics tracks), German,
mathematics, physics, social studies, and Spanish. All teacher education pro-
grams are approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Education and Pennsyl-
vania certificates are recognized in most other states either through reciprocal
agreements or by transcript evaluation.

Education 20 and Psychology 38 are prerequisites to all other offerings in the
Education Department. Education 20 should be taken at least two (2) semesters
before the Professional Semester.

Students seeking elementary certification must complete Mathematics 7,
Physical Education A (Elementary Games), Education 40, 41, 42, 43 as prere-
quisites to the Professional Semester (Education 45, 47, and 48).

Students interested in the teacher education program must register with the
Education Department not later than the first semester of the sophomore year.
Application for the Professional Semester must be made before October 1 of the
junior year. The Education Department will admit to the Professional Semester
those applicants who have a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.00;
are in good academic standing; have satisfactorily completed the junior year
participation requirements (secondary students only); have paid the student
teaching fee; have had a satisfactory interview with a member of the faculty of
the Education Department; and are recommended by their major department and
the Education Department. Since major departments have different criteria for
their recommendations, students should consult with the chairman of their major
department about those requirements as soon as they begin to study for
certification.

20 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF EDUCATION

A study of teaching as a profession with emphasis on the economic, social,
political, and religious conditions which influence American schools and
teachers. Consideration is given to the school environment, the curriculum,
and the children with the intention that the students will examine more
rationally their own motives for entering the profession. Not open to freshmen.

32 INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS

A study of the value, design, construction, and application of the visual and
auditory aids to learning. Practical experience in the handling of audio- visual
equipment and materials is provided. Application of Audio-Visual Techni-
ques. Application of the visual and auditory aids to learning. Students will
plan and carry out actual teaching assignments utilizing various A- V devices.

39 PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM

An examination of the various curricula of the public schools and their
relationships to current practices. Special attention will be given to the
meaning and nature of the curriculum; the desirable outcomes of the

64

curriculum; conflicting and variant conceptions of curricular content; modern
techniques of curricular construction; criteria for the evaluation of curricula;
the curriculum as a teaching instrument. Emphasis will be placed upon the
curriculum work within the teaching field of each individual.

40 TEACHING LANGUAGE ARTS AND CHILDREN'S LITERATURE IN THE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

A course designed to consider the principal means of communication, oral
and written, including both practical and creative uses. Attention will be
given to listening, speaking, written expression, linguistics and grammar,
spelling and handwriting. Stress will be placed upon the interrelatedness of
the language arts. Children's literature will be explored as a vehicle for
developing creative characteristics in children and for ensuring an apprecia-
tion of the creative writing of others. Observation and participation in the
Greater Williamsport Area Elementary Schools. Prerequisites: Education 20 and
Psychology 38 or consent of the instructor.

41 TEACHING THE SOCIAL STUDIES IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Studies and experiences to develop a basic understanding of the structure,
concepts, and processes of anthropology, economics, geography, history,
political science, and sociology as these relate to the elementary school social
science curriculum. Practical applications, demonstrations of methods, and
the development of integrated teaching units using tests, reference books,
films, and other teaching materials. Observation and participation in the
elementary schools of the Greater Williamsport Area. Prerequisites: Education
20 and Psychology 38 or cotjsent of the instructor.

42 TEACHING SCIENCE IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Science methods and materials interpreting children's science experiences
and guiding the development of their scientific concepts. A study of the
science content of the curriculum, its material and use. Observation and
participation in the elementary schools of the Greater Williamsport Area.
Prerequisites: Education 20 and Psychology 38 or consent of the instructor.

43 TEACHING READING IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

A basic course in the philosophy and rationale for and the implementation
of an elementary developmental reading program from kindergarten
through sixth grade. Emphasis is upon designing a reading instructional
program which reflects the nature of the learning process and recognizes
principles of child development through examination of the principles,
problems, methods and materials used in elementary reading programs.
Observation and participation in the Greater Williamsport Area Elementary
Schools. Prerequisites: Psychology 38, Education 20, 40, 41, and 42 or consent of
the instructor.

45 METHODS OF TEACHING IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
(PART OF THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)

The course emphasizes the relationship between the theoretical studies of
physical, social, and cognitive development and the elementary classroom
environment. Particular consideration will be given to the appropriate age

65

and developmental level of the students with an emphasis upon the selection
and utilization of methods in all the elementary subject areas including art
and music. Specific attention will be given to the development of strategies
for structuring lesson plans; for maintaining classroom control; and for
overall classroom management. Direct application will be made to the
individual student teaching experience. Prerequisites: Math 7, Education 40, 41,
42, and 43 or consent of the instructor.

46 METHODS OF TEACHING IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL
(PART OF THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)

A study of materials, methods, and techniques of teaching with emphasis on
the student's major. Stress is placed on the selection and utilization of visual
and auditory aids to learning. Students will teach demonstration lessons in
the presence of the instructor and the members of the class and will observe
superior teachers in the secondary schools of the Greater Williamsport Area.
Prerequisites: Education 20, Psychology 38, and the Participation Experience.

47 PROBLEMS IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN EDUCATION
(PART OF THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)

Seminar in the issues, problems and challenges encountered by teachers in
the American public schools, especially those related to the student teaching
experience.

48 PRACTICE TEACHING IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
(PART OF THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)

Two Units. Exceeds state mandated minimum requirements. Professional
laboratory experience under the supervision of a selected cooperating teacher
in a public elementary school of the Greater Williamsport Area. Organized
learning experience. Actual classroom experience.*

49 PRACTICE TEACHING IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL
(PART OF THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)

Two Units. Exceeds state mandated minimum requirements. Professional
laboratory experience under the supervision of a selected cooperating teacher
in a public elementary school of the Greater Williamsport Area. Organized
learning experience. Emphasis on actual classroom experience, responsi-
bility in the guidance program and out-of-class activities.*

'Practice teachers are required to follow the calendar of the school district to which they are
assigned.

66

ENGLISH

Associate Professor: Gustafson, Madden, Rife (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Ford, Jensen
Visting Instructor: Stone
Part-Time Instructor: Logue

A major consists of nine courses not including English I. These nine courses must
include English 14, 15, 16, 17 and one writing course from the following: English
18, 22, 23, 24, 35 and 36.

The four electives may include any course from English 12 and above not
already taken to satisfy the preceding requirements. With the consent of the
English Department, an appropriate course from the offerings of other depart-
ments may be substituted for an English elective.

Majors seeking secondary certification in English are required to take English
38 and to complete successfully in the junior or senior year an experience in the
teaching of English composition.

The English Department is one of six cooperating in the interdisciplinary
program in Mass Communications, and would be an appropriate department for
the four-course specialization required for the Communications major. The
department also participates with seven others in the American Studies in-
terdisciplinary major, in which American literature courses constitute an impor-
tant part of the American arts concentration area.

1 COMPOSITION

Frequent practice in expository writing to foster clarity of organization and
expression in the development of ideas. Assigned readings varying from
section to section; focus on writing in all sections.

12 INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

An introduction to the study of literature, designed primarily for freshmen.
Lectures and discussions focusing on the major literarv genres.

67

14 BRITISH LITERATURE I

Literary forms, themes and authors from the Anglo-Saxon through the Neo-
classical periods. Such writers as Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton,
Swift, Pope, and Johnson; representative works from Beowulf to Sheridan's
The Rivals.

15 BRITISH LITERATURE II

Literary movements and authors from the Romantic Period to the present.
Particular emphasis on such writers as Blake, Wordsworth, Shelley, Mill,
Tennyson, Browning, Rossetti, Arnold, Hardy, Yeats, Eliot.

16 19TH CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE

Brief survey of American literature and thought before 1800, followed by
more intensive study of the literature and thought of the period 1800-1900.
Bryant, Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau, Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman,
Dickinson, Twain, Howells, and others.

17 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE

Major writers, movements, and tendencies in American literature during the
present century. Such forces as naturalism, realism, and modernism; and
such writers as James, Dreiser, Hemingway, Faulkner, Frost, Eliot, and
Stevens.

18 ADVANCED COMPOSITION

Practical training in the writing of more extended essays of the kinds written
in English I, and other kinds of expository and argumentative prose,
including such forms as: essays of opinion and personal essays; critical
commentaries and reviews; synopses, reports, and research papers.

20 THE NATURE OF FICTION

Study of either the novel or the short story; one or the other in a given
semester, not both in the same semester. Novel: representative novels from
the 18th Century to the present with emphasis on the development of the
genre. Short story: emphasis on points of view of the authors studies.

21 THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRAMA

Discussion of typical plays of the Eastern World emphasizing conventions
of form and performance. Varying focus and content ranging from classical
to modern playwrights and periods.

22 CRITICAL WRITING

Introduction to the various ways of thinking and writing about literature and
film, designed for people who wish to improve their understanding and
enjoyment of the books and poems they read and the plays and films they
see.

23 NEWS WRITING FOR THE PRINT MEDIA

Analysis and practice of the basic forms of news reporting and feature

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writing. The elements of news, the lead, style and structure, and types of
stories. Students who have taken English 24 may take only writing workshop
sessions of this course for V2 unit.

24 NEWS WRITING FOR RADIO AND TV

Offered in conjunction with English 23. Separate workshop sessions to
analyze and practice the basic forms of news reporting as they apply to radio
and TV. Students who have taken English 23 may take only workshop
sessions of this course for V2 unit. Alternate years.

30 SHAKESPEARE

Study of representative plays drawn from the four sub-genres of
Shakespeare's dramas: comedy, history, tragedy, and romance. Some
attention to Shakespeare's life and times, but primary focus on the work
itself.

31 MODERN FICTION

Study of the techniques, development, and major tendencies of modern
fiction, from the last quarter of the 19th Century to the 1950"s. Primary
attention to representative works of such major writers as James, Conrad,
Joyce, Lawrence, Hemingway, and Faulkner.

32 MODERN POETRY

Introduction to the themes and structures of 20th Century poetry. Beginning
with Pound, Eliot, and Yeats, and moving through the century to the most
recent accomplishments of contemporary poets. Alternate years.

33 WOMEN AND LITERATURE

Study of women writers alternating with study of the image of women in
literature written by men and women. Possible focuses: major women
writers of 19th and 20th Century British and American literature; contem-
porary women writers; traditional images of women in literature. Alternate
years.

34 FILM AND LITERATURE

Analysis of the techniques of two different forms of communication — cinema
and novel or play — by comparing the same story in both mediums. Attention
to both "clasic" and modern films and literature. Alternate years.

35 FICTION WRITING

Beginning course in the writing of short fiction. Some study of the sources
and techniques of modern and contemporary writers, but chief focus on
student writing. Alternate years.

36 POETRY WRITING

A first course in poetry writing. Attention to the "closed" and "open" formal
traditions of current poetry. In-class emphasis on student writing. Alternate
years.

69

37 PUBLIC RELATIONS AND PUBLICITY WRITING

Communication and publicity techniques in the field of public relations
focused on writing for the media; some attention to speeches, letters, and
house organs. Prerequisite: English 23 or English 24 or consent of instructor.
Alternate years.

38 STRUCTURE AND HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Study of the historical origins of the language and a modern language theory.
Alternate years.

40 THE HERO IN MEDIEVAL LITERATURE

Study of the literature of the period as it reveals a transition from the concept
of the epic hero to that of the chivalric hero, with the attendant shifts in
literary forms, in codes for heroic behavior, and in philosophic world view.
Prerequisite: English 14 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

41 ROMANCE AND EPIC IN THE RENAISSANCE

Study of major writers from Malory to Milton. Emphasis on such works as
Le Morte D' Arthur, Don Quixote, The Faerie Queene, and Paradise Lost, with
other selected prose and dramatic works. Prerequisite: English 14 or consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

42 POETRY OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Study of the literary, philosophical, and historical significance of the
Romantic Movement. Emphasis on the poetry of Blake, Wordsworth,
Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats. Prerequisite: English 14 or consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

43 DICKENS AND THE VICTORIAN NOVEL

Comparison and contrast of four or five of Dickens' novels with other novels
from the 1830's through the 1870's by such authors as Thackeray, the Brontes,
Meredith, Trollope, and Hardy. Alternate years.

44 THE IRISH RENAISSANCE

Analysis of the sudden flowering of Irish literature in the early years of the
20th Century as witnessed in the works of Yeats, Joyce, Synge, O'Casey, and
others. Prerequisite: Englisii 15 or 17 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

45 AMERICAN DRAMA FROM O'NEILL TO MILLER

Study of the development of the first significant American drama in the
decades following World War I, especially the experimental drama of the
1920's and the social drama of the 1930's. O'Neill, Anderson, Rice, Behrman,
Saroyan, Wilder, Odets, Hellman, and others. Prerequisite: English 17 or 21
or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

46 THE AMERICAN RENAISSANCE

Concentrated study of the American poets and novelists who revolutionized
literary form and idea at the middle of the 19th Century. One or two writers

70

from each of the following two groups: Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman;
Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville. Prerequisite: English 16 or consent of instructor.
Alternate years.

47 AMERICAN NOVELISTS AND POETS OF THE JAZZ AGE AND
DEPRESSION

Concentrated study of two or three major writers in the social context of this
period in modern American literature. Such combinations as
Hemingway/Fitzgerald/Eliot and Faulkner/Frost are likely. Prerequisite: Etig-
lish 17 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

48 CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE

Consideration of representative British, American, and some continental
works, primarily fiction, written after World War II by such writers as Barth,
Bellow, Updike, Burgess, Murdoch, Fowles, and Nabokov. Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns typically work off campus in a profession related to their career
interest such as law, public relations, journalism and others.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Recent studies include Chaucer, D. H. Lawrence, The Creative Process in
Literature and Art, the Arthurian Legend, and Existentialism in Literature.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

Recent projects were Communication Models and the Feedback Principle,
and Images of Women in the 1890's.

i) ;l

FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES

Associate Professor: Flam, Maples (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: MacKenzie, Taylor

Study of foreign languages and literatures offers opportunity to explore broadly
the varieties of human experience and thought. It contributes both to personal
and to international understanding by providing competence in a foreign
language and a critical acquaintance with the literature and culture of foreign
peoples. A major can serve as entree to careers in business, industry, govern-
ment, publishing, education, journalism, social agencies, translating, and
writing. It prepares for graduate work in literature or linguistics and the
international fields of politics, commerce, law, health, and area studies.

FRENCH, GERMAN and SPANISH are offered as major fields of study. The
major consists of at least eight courses numbered 10 or above. Majors seeking
teacher certification and students planning to enter graduate school are advised
to begin study of a second foreign language. The department encourages the
development in breadth of programs including allied courses from related fields
or a second major, and also individual or established interdisciplinary majors
combining interest in several literatures or area or cross-cultural studies, for
example: International Studies, 20th Century Studies, the Major in Literature,
Majors, teacher certification candidates, and in fact all college students are
encouraged to spend at least a semester of study abroad by applying to one of
the many programs available. The department maintains a file of such programs.

Courses taught in English: Foreign Languages and Literature 25, French 28,
and Spanish 28.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES

25 CONTINENTAL LITERATURE

A study of such major continental authors as Cervantes, Dostoevsky,
Chekhov, Dante, Ibsen, Proust, Gide, Kafka, Hesse, Goethe, Sartre, Camus,
Brecht, and Ionesco. Works read in English translation will vary and be
organized around a different theme or topic; recent topics have been
existentialism, modernism, and drama. Prerequisite: None. May be repeated for
credit with consent of instructor. May be accepted toward the English major with
consent of the English Department.

38 FOREIGN LANGUAGE: SYSTEMS AND PROCESS

Study of basic linguistic concepts as a tool for language learning and
teaching. Discussion and application of language teaching techniques,
including work in the language laboratory. Designed for future teachers of
one or more languages and normally taken in the Junior year. Students
should arrange through the Education Department to fulfill in the same
semester the requirements of a participation experience in area schools.
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.

FRENCH

A major consists of at least eight courses numbered 10 or above, including at least
one numbered 40 or above. Foreign Languages and Literatures 25 and 38 may be
included in the major.

All majors who wish to be certified for teaching must pass courses 23, 31,

72

Foreign Languages and Literatures 38, and at least two courses numbered 40 or
above. A language proficiency test is required of these students during their
senior year.

1-2 ELEMENTARY

The aim of the course is to acquire the fundamentals of the language with
a view to using them. Regular practice in speaking, understanding, and
reading.

10-11 INTERMEDIATE

Review and development of the fundamentals of the language for immediate
use in speaking, understanding, and reading with a view to building
confidence in self-expression. Prerequisite: French 2 or equivalent.

20 CONVERSATION

Designed to develop conversational fluency and comprehension through
small group discussions focusing on topics from readings in modern French
culture, such as French social attitudes and French-American cultural
differences. Some attention to grammar and writing. Prerequisite: French 11
or equivalent.

23 INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY STUDIES

Studies in French literature, with emphasis on critical reading and interpreta-
tion. Discussions, lectures, oral exposes, papers. Prerequisite: French 20 or
equivalent.

28 MODERN FRANCE

A course designed to familiarize students with political and social structures
and cultural attitudes in contemporary French society. Materials studied may
include such documents as newspaper articles, interviews, and sociological
surveys, and readings in history, religion, anthropology and the arts. Some
attention to the changing education system and the family and to events and
ideas which have shaped French society. May include some comparative
study of France and the United States.

English Section: Not applicable toward satisfying the Foreign Language
distribution requirement. Prerequisite: None.

French Section: Offers readings, papers, and interviews in French for
students with sufficient language skill. Can be applied toward the Foreign
Language distribution requirement. Prerequisite: French 10 or equivalent
competency as determined by the department .

31 FRENCH GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE

Study of phonetics and grammatical rules and their practical application in
speaking and writing. Recommended for all majors.

41 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE

A study of selected works from La Chanson de Roland to Montaigne.
Prerequisite: French 23 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

73

43 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE 17TH CENTURY

A study of major texts of the period: pr'eciosite, the origins and theories of
French classicism, Corneille, Pascal, Descartes. Classical tragedy and com-
edy: Racine, Moliere. LaFontaine, Mme de La Fayette, La Bruyere. Prere-
quisite: French 23 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

45 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE 18TH CENTURY

The literary expression of ideas: Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and the
Encyclopedists. Prerequisite: French 23 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

47 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The dimensions of the Romantic sensibility: Musset, Hugo, Vigny, Balzac,
Stendhal. Realism and Naturalism in the novels of Haubert and Zola.
Reaction in the poetry of Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, and Mallarme.
Prerequisite: French 23 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

48 MODERN FRENCH THEATRE

Major trends in French drama from the turn of the century to Existentialism
and the Theatre of the Absurd. Giraudoux, Anouilh, Sartre, Camus, Beckett,
Ionesco, Genet, Adamov, and others. Prerequisite: French 23 or consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

49 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Representative poets and novelists of modern France. Readings selected
from the works of authors such as Proust, Gide, Aragon, Giono, Mauriac,
Celine, Malraux, Saint-Exupery, Camus, the "new novelists" (Robbe-
Grillet, Butor, Sarraute, LeClezio), and the poetry of Apollinaire, Valery, the
Surrealists (Breton, Reverdy, Eluard, Char), Saint-John Perse, Supervielle,
Prevert, and others. Some attention to works of French-speaking African
writers. Prerequisite: French 23 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Examples of recent studies in French include translation, existentialism, the
classical period, enlightenment literature, and Saint-Exupery.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

74

GERMAN

A major consists of eight courses numbered 10 or above. Foreign Languages and
Literatures 38 and one unit of Foreign Languages and Literatures 25 may be
included in the major.

All majors who wish to be certified for teaching must pass courses 31, 33, 34,
and Foreign Languages and Literatures 38. A language proficiency test is required
of these students during their senior year.

1-2 ELEMENTARY

Aim of course is to acquire the fundamentals of the language with a view to
using them. Regular practice in speaking, understanding and reading.

10-11 INTERMEDIATE

Review and development of fundamentals of the language for immediate use
in speaking, understanding, and reading with a view to building confidence
in self-expression. Prerequisite: German 2 or equivalent.

20 CONVERSATION

Designed to develop aural comprehension and conversational fluency.
Readings and discussions on topics of contemporary society in Germany,
Switzerland, and Austria. Some attention to grammar and writing. Prere-
quisite: German 11 or equivalent.

31 GERMAN GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE

Study of intonation, complex grammatical rules and their practical applica-
tion, stylistics, and a brief survey of the development of the language.
Recommended for all majors.

33 SURVEY OF GERMAN LITERATURE AND CIVILIZATION I

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of German
Literature, representative authors, and major cultural developments in
Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The course deals with literature from
the Early Middle Ages through the 18th Century. Prerequisite: German 20 or
consent of instructor.

34 SURVEY OF GERMAN LITERATURE AND CIVILIZATION II

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of German
literature, representative authors, and major cultural developments in
Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The course deals with the literature
from the 19th Century to the present. Prerequisite: German 20 or consent of
instructor.

40 GOETHE

A study of the life and works of Goethe. Goethe's significance in the Classical
period and later. Readings in the major works. Prerequisite: German 33 or 34
or consent of instructor.

75

41 CLASSICAL GERMAN DRAMA

The development of das klassische Drama with emphasis on works of Lessing,
Goethe, and Schiller. Prerequisite: German 20.

42 MODERN GERMAN DRAMA

The emergency of modern Drama commencing with Blichner and leading to
Brecht. Prerequisite: German 20.

43 THE NOVELLE

The German Novelle as a genre relating to various literary periods.
Prerequisite: German 20.

45 GERMAN POETRY

A study of selected poets or the poetry of various literary periods. Prerequisite:
German 33 or 34 or consent of instructor.

47 MODERN GERMAN LITERATURE

A study of the major movements and writers from Naturalism, Ex-
pressionism, and the postwar period. Hauptmann, Rilke, Mann, Hesse,
Kaiser, and others. Prerequisite: German 33 or 34 or consent of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Examples of recent studies in German include Classicism, Germanic
Mythology, Hermann Hesse, the dramas of Frisch and Diirrenmatt.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

76

GREEK

Greek is not offered as a major.

1-2 NEW TESTAMENT GRAMMAR AND READINGS

Fundamentals of New Testament Greek grammar and readings of selected
passages of the Greek text. Alternate years.

11 THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. MARK

A critical reading of the Greek text with special attention to exegetical
questions. Alternate years.

12 THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS

A critical reading of the Greek text with special attention being given to the
theology of St. Paul. Alternate years.

HEBREW

Hebrew is not offered as a major.

1-2 OLD TESTAMENT GRAMMAR AND READINGS

Fundamentals of Old Testament Hebrew grammar and readings of selected
passages of the Hebrew text. Alternate years.

11-12 INTERMEDIATE OLD TESTAMENT HEBREW

A critical reading of the Greek text with special attention being given to the
to exegetical questions. The text read varies from year to year. Alternate years.

RUSSIAN

Russian is not offered as a major. Russian 1, 2, 10, 11 are offered occasionally upon
sufficient demand.

1-2 ELEMENTARY I and II

The aim of the course is to acquire the fundamentals of the language with
a view to using them. Regular practice in speaking, understanding and
reading.

10 INTERMEDIATE I

Review and development of the fundamentals of the language for immediate
use in speaking, understanding and reading with a view to building
confidence in self-expression. Prerequisite: Russian 2 or equivalent.

11 INTERMEDIATE II

Intensive reading of selected short stories or other works: outside reading,
oral and written reports on everyday topics. Prerequisite: Russian 10 or
equivalent.

77

SPANISH

A major consists of eight courses numbered 10 or above, including at least one
numbered 40 or above. Foreign Languages and Literatures 38 may be included.
Normally, Foreign Languages and Literatures 25 does not count toward the
major.

All majors who wish to be certified for teaching must pass Foreign Languages
and Literatures 38, Spanish 31, and one from 33, 34, or 35. A language proficiency
test is required of these students during their senior year.

1-2 ELEMENTARY

Aim of course is to acquire the fundamentals of the language with a view to
using them. Regular practice in speaking, understanding, and reading.

10-11 INTERMEDIATE

Review and development of fundamentals of the language for immediate use
in speaking, understanding, and reading with a view to building confidence
in self-expression. Prerequisite: Spanish 2 or equivalent.

20 ADVANCED

The purpose of this course is to improve the student's ability in spontaneous
conversations, focusing on everyday activities and matters of current concern
as suggested in readings from Latin American and peninsular sources.
Vocabulary building is stressed. Prerequisite: Spanish 11 or equivalent.

28 CONTEMPORARY HISPANIC LIFE

To introduce students to the Spanish people — their values, customs, and
institutions, with reference to the major socio-economic, political, and artistic
forces governing present-day Spain. Readings will include selections from
periodical literature as well as historical and literary texts. Lectures in
English.

English Section: Not applicable toward satisfying the Foreign Language
Distribution requirement. Prerequisite: None.

Spanish Section: Students with sufficient language skill wishing to take
this course for credit towards the Foreign Language distribution requirement
will be given special readings and other assignments in Spanish. Prerequisite:
Spanish 11 or equivalent competency as determined fry the department.

31 SPANISH GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE

Study of intonation, complex grammatical rules and their practical applica-
tion, and a brief survey of the development of the language. Recommended for
all majors.

33 SURVEY OF SPANISH LITERATURE AND CIVILIZATION I

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of Spanish
literature, representative authors, and major socio-economic developments.
The course deals with the literature from the beginning through the 17th
Century. Open to students majoring in other departments after consultation with
instructor. Alternate years.

78

34 SURVEY OF SPANISH LITERATURE AND CIVILIZATION II

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of Spanish
literature, representative authors, and major socio-economic developments.
The course deals with the literature from the 18th Century to the present.
Open to students majoring in other departments after consultation with the
instructor. Alternate years.

35 SURVEY OF SPANISH AMERICAN LITERATURE AND CIVILIZATION

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of Spanish-
American literature, representative authors, and major socio-economic
developments. The course deals with the literature, especially the essay and
poetry, from 16th Century to present. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.
Alternate years.

44 SPANISH LITERATURE OF THE GOLDEN AGE

A study of representative works and principal literary figures in the poetry,
prose, and drama of the 16th and 17th Centuries, from Fernando de Rojas
to Calderon. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Alternate years.

47 19TH CENTURY NOVEL

Regionalism, realism, and naturalism in prose fiction, with emphasis on the
works of Galdos. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Alternate years.

48 THE GENERATION OF '98

Principal literary figures of the early 20th Century: Unamuno, Azorin, Valle
Inclan, Baroja, Benavente, Machado, Jimenez, etc. Prerequisite: Consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

49 SPANISH AMERICAN NOVEL

Twentieth Century novelists from Azuela to Garcia Marquez. Prerequisite:
Consent of instructor. Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Recent studies include literary, linguistic, and cultural topics, and themes
such as urban problems as reflected in the modern novel.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

79

HISTORY

Associate Professor: Piper

Assistant Professor: Larson (Chairman), Morris

A major consists of ten courses, including 10, 11 and 45. At least seven courses
must be taken in the department. The following courses may be counted toward
fulfilling the major requirements: American Studies 10, Political Science 39,
Religion 28 and 46. Other appropriate courses outside the department may be
counted upon departmental approval. For History majors who student teach in
history, the major consists of nine courses. In addition to the courses listed below,
special courses, independent study and honors are available. Special courses
recently taught and anticipated include a biographical study of European
Monarchs, the European Left, the Industrialization and Urbanization of Modern
Europe, Utopian Movements in America, the Peace Movement in America, The
Vietnam War, and American Legal History. History majors are encouraged to
participate in the internship program.

10 EUROPE 1500-1815

An examination of the political, social, cultural and intellectual history of
Europe and its relations with other areas of the world from 1500 to 1815.

11 EUROPE 1815-Present

An examination of the political, social, cultural, and intellectual history of
Europe and its relations with other areas of the world from 1815 to the
present.

12 UNITED STATES HISTORY 1603-1877

A study of the men, measures, and movements which have been significant
in the development of the United States between 1603 and 1877. Attention
is paid to the problems of minority groups as well as to majority and national
influences.

80

13 UNITED STATES HISTORY 1877-present

A study of the men, measures, and movements which have been significant
in the development of the United States since 1877. Attention is paid to the
problems of minoritv groups as well as to majority and national influences.

20 ANCIENT HISTORY

A study of the ancient western world, including the foundations of the
western tradition in Greece, the emergence and expansion of the Roman
state, its experience as a Republic, and its transformation into the Empire.
The course will focus on the social and intellectual life of Greece and Rome
as well as political and economic changes. Alternate years.

22 MEDIEVAL EUROPE AND ITS NEIGHBORS

The history of Europe from the dissolution of the Roman Empire to the mid-
fifteenth century. The course will deal with the growing estrangement of
western Catholic Europe from the Byzantium and Islam, culminating in the
Crusades; the rise of the Islamic Empire and its later fragmentation; the
development and growth of feudalism; the conflict of empire and papacy,
and the rise of towns. Alternate years.

23 20TH CENTURY EUROPE TO 1929

An intensive study of various aspects of the political, economic, social, and
intellectual history of Europe from 1900 to 1929. Topics include the
irrationalist movement, the causes of imperialism, the origins of the First
World War, the Russian Revolution and establishment of the Soviet Regime,
and the attempts at peacemaking after 1918. Prerequisite: History 11 or consent
of instructor. Alternate years.

24 20TH CENTURY EUROPE SINCE 1929

An intensive study of various aspects of the political, economic, social, and
intellectual history of Europe from 1929 to the present. Topics include the
nature of fascism, development of Stalinist Russia, outbreak of World War
II, origins of the Cold War, and the economic reconstruction and integration
of Western Europe since 1945. Prerequisite: History 11 or consent of instructor.
Alternate years.

25 FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON

An analysis of the political, social, and intellectual background of the French
Revolution, a survey of the course of revolutionary development, and an
estimate of the results of the Napoleonic conquests and administration.
Prerequisite: History 10 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

26 COLONIAL AMERICA AND THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA

The establishment of British settlements on the American continent, their
history as colonies, the causes and events of the American Revolution, the
critical period following independence, and proposal and adoption of the
United States Constitution. Alternate years.

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27 20TH CENTURY UNITED STATES

This course begins with the Progressive Era and includes the political,
economic, and social developments in the 20th Century. Emphasis will be
placed on the domestic and international demands which have faced the
United States in the period following World War II.

28 AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY

A study of the experiences and participation of Afro- Americans in the United
States. The course includes historical experiences such as slavery, abolition,
reconstruction, and urbanization. It also raises the issue of the development
and growth of white racism, and the effect of this racism on contemporary
Afro- American social, intellectual and political life. Alternate years.

29 LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY

An examination of the native civilization, the age of discovery and conquest,
Spanish colonial policy, the independence movements, and the develop-
ment of modern institutions and governments in Latin America. Alternate
years.

31 HISTORY OF RUSSIA

A survey of Russian history emphasizing the rise of Moscovy and the reasons
for the failure of the Tzarist regime to overcome successfully the challenge
of the modern world. Prerequisite: Histon/ 11 or consent of instructor. Alternate
years.

32 HISTORY OF THE SOVIET UNION

An intensive study of the political, economic, and social history of the Soviet
Union emphasizing the reasons for the Bolshevik victory, 1917-21, the origins
and nature of the Stalinist regime, Soviet industrialization, and the develop-
ment of post-Stalinist Russia. Prerequisite: Histon/ 11 or consent of instructor.
Alternate years.

33 CONFLICT IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION

An in-depth study of the changing nature of war and its relationship to the
development of Western Civilization since the end of the Middle Ages.
Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of war in the development of
the modern nation state and the origins and nature of total war. Alternate

years.

34 DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF EUROPE SINCE 1789

A survey of the development of the European states system and the relations
between the European states since the beginning of the French Revolution.
Prerequisite: Histon/ 11 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

35 THE CRISIS OF LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM, EUROPE 1848-1870

An in-depth investigation of the crucial "Middle Years" of Nineteenth
Century Europe from the revolutions of 1848 through the unification of
Germany. The course centers on the struggles for power within the major

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states of Europe at this time and how the vehicle of nationalism was used
to bring about one type of solution. Alternate years.

37 AGE OF JEFFERSON AND JACKSON

The theme of the course is the emergence of the political and social
characteristics that shaped modern America. The personalities of Thomas
Jefferson, John Marshall, John Randolph, Aaron Burr, and Andrew Jackson
receive special attention. Special consideration is given to the first and second
party systems, the decline in community cohesiveness, the westward
movement, and the growing importance of the family as a unit of social
organization. Alternate years.

38 CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION

The problems and events leading to war, the political and military history of
the war, and the bitter aftermath to the Compromise of 1877.

39 20TH CENTURY UNITED STATES RELIGION

The study of historical and cultural developments in American society which
relates to religion or is commonly called religion. This involves consideration
of the institutional and intellectual development of several faith groups as
well as discussion of certain problems, such as the persistence of religious
bigotry and the changing modes of Church-State relationships. Alternate
years.

40 HISTORY OF RENAISSANCE THOUGHT

A study of the classical, humanist, and scholastic elements involved in the
development of the Renaissance outlook views, and values, both in Italy and
in Northern Europe. The various combinations of social and political
circumstances which constitute the historical context of these intellectual
developments will be noted. Alternate years.

41 HISTORY OF REFORMATION THOUGHT

A studv of the ideas and systems of ideas propounded prior to the
Reformation but which are historically related to its inception and of the ideas
and systems of ideas involved in the formation of the major Reformation.
Protestant traditions and in the Catholic Reformation. Included are the ideas
of the humanists of the Reformation Era. Alternate years.

42 UNITED STATES SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY TO 1877

A studv of the social and intellectual experience of the United States from
its colonial antecedents through reconstruction. Among the topics con-
sidered are Puritanism, Transcendentalism, Community Life and Organiza-
tion, Education and Social Reform Movements. Prerequisite: 2 courses from
Histon/ 12, 13, 28 or consent of instructor.

43 UNITED STATES SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY SINCE 1877

A study of the social and intellectual experience of the United States from
reconstruction to the present dav. Among the topics considered are Social
Darwinism, Pragmatism, Communitv Life and Organization, Education and

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Social Reform Movements. Prerequisite: 2 courses from History 12, 13, 28 or
consent of instructor.

45 HISTORICAL METHODS

This course focuses on the nature and meaning of history. It will open to the
student different historical approaches and will provide the opportunity to
explore these approaches in terms of particular topics and periods. Majors
are required to enroll in this course in either their Junior or Senior year. The
course is open to other students who have two courses in history or consent
of the instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Typically, history interns work for local government agencies engaged in
historical projects or in the County Historical Museum.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Recent topics include studies of the immigration of American blacks, political
dissension in the Weimer Republic, Indian relations before the American
Revolution and the history of Lycoming County.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

Two recent projects were the Germans in Pennsylvania Politics, 1878-1938
and the Reign of Tiglath Pileser I (1116-1075B.C).

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

Assistant Professor: Larson (Coordinator)

This major in International Studies is designed to integrate an understanding of
the changing social, political, and historical environment of Europe today with
study of Europe in its relations to the rest of the world, particularly the United
States. It stresses the international relations of the North Atlantic Community and
offers the student opportunity to emphasize either European studies or interna-
tional relations. The program provides multiple perspectives on the cultural traits
that shape popular attitudes and institutions. Study of a single country is
included as a data-base for comparisons, and study of its language as a basis for
direct communication with its people.

The program is intended to prepare a student either for graduate study or
for careers which have an international component. International obligations are
increasingly assumed by governmental agencies and a wide range of business,
social, religious, and educational organizations. Opportunities are found in the
fields of journalism, publishing, communications, trade, banking, advertising,
management, and tourism. The program also offers flexible career preparation in
a variety of essential skills, such as research, data analysis, report writing,
language skills, and the awareness necessary for dealing with people and
institutions of another culture. Preparation for related careers can be obtained
through the guided selection of courses outside the major in the areas of Business,
Economics, Foreign Languages and Literatures. Government, History, and
International Relations; or through a second major. Students should design their
programs in consultation with members of the committee on International
Studies.

By completing 6-8 additional courses in the social sciences (which include
those courses needed to complete a major in Economics, History, Political,
Science or Sociology/Anthropology) and the required program in Education,
students can be certified for the teacher education program in Social Studies. By
completing a major in the foreign language (5 or more courses) and the Education
program, students can be certified to teach that language. The International
Studies program also encourages participation in study abroad programs, as well
as the Washington International Semester, and the United Nations Semester.

The major includes eleven courses selected as follows:
International Relations Courses — Four or two courses (if two, then four must be
taken from Area Courses). Courses within this group are designed to provide a
basic understanding of the international system and of Europe's relations with
the rest of the world. Political Science 25 is required.

Political Science 25 World Politics
Economics 43 International Trade
History 34 European Diplomatic History
Political Science 43 International Organization

Area Courses — Four or two courses (if two, then four must be taken from
International Relations Courses). Courses within this group are designed to
provide a basic understanding of the European political, social, and economic
environment. History 11 and Economics 22 are required.

History 11 Europe 1815-Present

Economics 22 Economic Systems of the West

Political Science 20 European Politics

History 23 20th Century Europe to 1929

History 24 20th Century Europe Since 1929

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National Courses

Language — Two courses in one language.

French 20, plus one course numbered 23 or above (except 28)
German 20, plus one course numbered 31 or above
Spanish 20, plus one course numbered 31 or above

Countn/ — One course. The student must select, according to his or her
language preparation, one European country which will serve as a special interest
area throughout the program. The country selected will serve as the base for
individual projects in the major courses, wherever possible.

France — French 28 Modern France

Germany — History 80 Topics in German Fhstory

Spain — Spanish 28 Contemporary Hispanic Life

Elective Course — One course which should involve further study of some aspect
of the program. Appropriate courses are any Area or International Relations
Courses not yet taken. History 10, 32, 33; Economics 23, 45; Political Science 37,
38, 39, 46, related foreign literature courses counting toward the Fine Arts
requirement, and internships.

49 SENIOR SEMINAR

A one-semester seminar, taken in the senior year, in which students and
several faculty members will pursue an integrative topic in the field of
International Studies. Students will work to some extent independently.
Guest speakers will be invited. The seminar will be open to qualified persons
from outside the major and the college. Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor.

LITERATURE

Associate Professor: Maples (Coordinator)

This major recognizes literature as a distinct discipline beyond national bound-
aries and combines the study of any two literatures in the areas of English, French,
German and Spanish. Students can thus explore two literatures widely and
intensively at the upper levels of course offerings within each of the respective
departments while developing and applying skills in foreign languages. The
major prepares students for graduate study in either of the two literatures studied
or in Comparative Literature.

The major requires at least six literature courses, equally divided between the
two literatures concerned. The six must be at the advanced level as determined
in consultation with advisors (normally courses numbered 20 and above in
English and 40 and above in Foreign Languages). In general, two of the advanced
courses in each literature should be period courses. The third course, taken either
as a regular course or as independent study, may have as its subject another
period, a particular author, genre, or literary theme, or some other unifying
approach or idea. Beyond these six, the major must include at least two additional
courses from among those counting toward a major in the departments involved.
Any prerequisite courses in the respective departments (for example, English 14,
15, 16, 17, French 23, German 33, 34) should be taken during the Freshman and
Sophomore years. Students should design their programs in consultation with
a faculty member from each of the literatures concerned. Programs for the major
must be approved by the departments involved.

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MASS COMMUNICATIONS

Associate Professor: Madden (Coordinator)

The major in Mass Communications offers a liberal arts background and a
professional sequence through a combination of courses from the departments
of Art, Business Administration, English, Political Science, Sociology-An-
thropology and the Broadcasting and Graphic Arts departments of the Williams-
port Area Community College. The program assures a broadly based academic
foundation with special competency in a selected concentration, plus career
orientation in a specific area.
Students must:

1. Successfully complete one of the following sequences:

Advertising

Advertising Design-Photography

Broadcast Journalism

Newspaper

Public Relations

2. Take a concentration of at least four courses related to the student's program
in a single department of the college, in consultation with the chairman of
that department. If the student concentrates in a department represented in
the sequence chosen, the student must take at least three courses which are
not included in that sequence.

3. Successully complete an internship or independent study related to the
sequence chosen.

Advertising Sequence:

Comm. 10 Introduction to Mass Communications

Bus. 28-29 Marketing Management

Bus. 32 Advertising

Bus. 47 Creative Advertising

P.S. 48 Public Opinion and Polling or

Soc. 47 Research Methods

G.A. 13 Layout and Design

G.A. 14 Principles of Typographic Design

Choose two courses from the following with consent of advisor:

Art 11, Art 27, Br. 20, Eng. 18 or 22, Eng. 35 or Eng. 36, Eng. 34 or Theatre 11.

Advertising Design-Photography Sequence:

Comm. 10 Introduction to Mass Communications

Art 11 Drawing

Art 15 Two-dimensional Design

Art 12 Color Theorv

Art 27 Photography

Bus. 32 Advertising Principles

G.A. 13 Layout and Design

G.A. 14 Principles of Typographic Design

G.A. 27 Film Assembly and Plate Making

Choose two courses from the following with consent of advisor:

Art 18, Art 37, Art 21, Bus. 47, Eng. 35 or Eng. 36, Eng. 34 or Theatre 11.

87

Broadcast Journalism Sequence:

Comm. 10 Introduction to Mass Communications

Eng. 24 News Writing for Radio and TV

P.S. 34 Political News Writing

P.S. 48 Public Opinion and Polling

Thea. 1 Principles of Oral Communication

Br. 14 Station Management and Community Responsibility

Br. 17 Basic Electronics and FCC Licensing

Choose two courses from the following with consent of advisor:

Art 27, P.S. 11, P.S. 32, Psych. 30, Soc. 34, Eng. 34 or Thea. 11.

Newspaper Sequence:

Comm. 10 Introduction to Mass Communications

Eng. 23 News Writing for the Print Media

P.S. 34 Political News Writing

P.S. 11 State and Local Government

P.S. 48 Public Opinion and Polling

Art 27 Photography

G.A. 14 Principles of Typographic Design

Choose two courses from the following with consent of advisor:

Art 37, Eng. 18 or Eng. 22, Eng. 24, P.S. 32, Psych. 30, Soc. 34, Eng. 34 or Thea.

11.

Public Relations Sequence:

Comm. 10 Introduction to Mass Communications

Eng. 23 News Writing for the Print Media

Eng. 37 Public Relations and Publicity

Bus. 28-29 Marketing Management

P.S. 48 Public Opinion and Polling or

Soc. 47 Research Methods

Art 27 Photography

Choose two courses from the following with consent of advisor:

Art 37, Bus. 32, Eng. 18 or Eng. 22, Eng. 24, Psych. 30, Eng. 34 or Thea. 11.

10 INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATIONS

Part I: Theories of the process of mass communications and introduction to
the mass media; attention will be given to problems of censorship and media
ethics. Part 2: Analysis of the mass media's impact on society; emphasis will
be placed on the social, psychological and political implications of the media's
shaping influence on man and institutions.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns usually work off campus in a field related to their communications
sequence; some may work with the student newspaper or radio station.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Studies involve research related to the communications sequence of the
student.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

Through special arrangement, the following courses offered at the Williamsport
Area Communitv College are available to students in the Mass Communications
major only. The WACC courses are taken as part of the student's semester
schedule and are listed with Lycoming offerings during registration periods.

GRAPHIC ARTS

13 LAYOUT AND DESIGN

Analysis of materials, tools, and techniques used in preparation of copy for
reproduction; paste-up and color separation overlays. 4 Cr.

14 PRINCIPLES OF TYPOGRAPHIC DESIGN

Training in conventional and modern layouts as applied to solution of
problems in printing typography. 4 Cr.

27 FILM ASSEMBLY AND PLATEMAKING

A study and application of various methods of assembling negatives and
positives in the form of flats in preparation for making offset plates. Theory
and application relating to various types of plates and processing procedures
and register requirements of stripping and platemaking. 4 Cr.

BROADCASTING

14 STATION MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY

Study of problems related to serving community needs while making a profit;
ratio of advertising to program time; character of station; meeting communitv
responsibility through community interest programs; responsible use of
editorial privilege. 3 Cr.

17 BASIC ELECTRONICS AND FCC LICENSING

Fundamental mechanics of operation of tape recorders, turntables, network
facilities and multispeaker systems; mechanics necessary to obtain FCC
licensing; field visits to at least five different stations. 3 Cr.

20 BROADCAST ADVERTISING

The impact of advertising and its history in American culture is studied. The
phases of marketing analysis along with media selection are examined.
Preparation of radio and TV advertising are a large part of student activitv.
3 Cr.

89

MATHEMATICS

Associate Professor: Getchell (Chairman), Hubbard
Assistant Professor: Foreman, Henninger

A major consists of ten courses numbered 10 or above: Mathematics 18, 19, 20,
24, 34, 42 and three other courses numbered above 20 must be included. Students
seeking secondary certification in mathematics are required to complete
Mathematics 30 and 36 and are advised to enroll in Philosophy 17. In addition,
all majors are advised to elect Mathematics 15, Philosophy 20 and 33, and Physics
25 and 26. In addition to the courses listed below, special courses are occasionally
available — recent topics include: Graph Theory, Number Theory, Discrete
Probability, Data Structures, Computer Graphics, Operations Research, and
Finite Differences.

1 CONTINUOUS MODELS

A survey of the central ideas of the infinitesimal calculus, its historical
development, and some of its modern applications. Students with credit for
Mathematics 9 or 18 may not receive credit for this course. One-lialf unit of credit.

2 COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY

A study of the role of digital computers in society today with primary
emphasis on what can be done, rather than how to do it. The main goal of
the course is to make the student aware of the growing influence which
digital computers are likely to have on society in the near future. Students with
credit for Mathematics 15 may not receive credit for this course. One-half unit of
credit.

5 BASIC ALGEBRA

Review of arithmetic and decimal numerals, fractions, the real number line,
factoring, solutions to linear and quadratic equations, graphs of linear and
quadratic functions, expressions with rational exponents, algebraic func-
tions, exponential functions, and inequalities. THIS COURSE IS LIMITED
TO STUDENTS PLACED THEREIN BY THE MATHEMATICS DEPART-
MENT.

7 MODERN ELEMENTARY GEOMETRY AND NUMBER THEORY

This course is intended for prospective elementary school teachers and is
required of all those seeking elementarv certification. Topics include the
development of the real number system and its larger subsystems, computa-
tional algorithms, axiomatic systems, measurement, shape and symmetry.
Co-requisite: Any Education course numbered 30 or above which is specifically
required for Elementary Certification and application to the Elementary Professional
Semester, or consent of instructor.

9 INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS

An intuitive approach to the calculus concepts with applications to business,
biology, and social science problems. Not open to students who have
completed Mathematics 18. Prerequisite: Credit for or exemption from Mathe-
matics 5. Alternate years.

90

12 FINITE MATHEMATICS FOR DECISION MAKING

An introduction to some of the principal mathematical models, not involving
calculus, which are used in Business Administration, social sciences, and
operations research. The course will include both deterministic models, such
as graphs, networks, linear programming and voting models and probabil-
istic models such as Markov chains and games. Prerequisite: credit for or
exemption from Mathematics 5.

13 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Describing, distributions of measurements, probability and random vari-
ables, binomial and normal probability distributions, statistical inference
from small samples, linear regression and correlation, analysis of enumer-
ative data. Prerequisite: credit for or exemption from Mathematics 5.

14 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS

The study of statistical techniques used in experimental designs involving
more than two random variables. Techniques would include analvsis of
variance, analysis of covariance, multiple regression and correlation, in-
troduction to factor analysis and introduction to discriminative analysis.
Extensive use of the IBM 1130 Computer as a problem solving tool will be
included. One-half unit of credit. Prerequisite: Math 13.

15 COMPUTER SCIENCE

Study of mathematics relevant to computing. A survey of machine and
symbolic programming. Introduction to FORTRAN IV programming. In-
cludes laboratorv experience on an IBM 1130. Prerequisite: credit for or
exemption from Mathematics 5.

17 PRECALCULUS MATHEMATICS

The study of logarithmic, exponential, trigonometric, polvnomial and
rational functions, their graphs and elementarv properties. Prerequisite: credit
for or exemption from Mathematics 5.

18 CALCULUS WITH ANALYTIC GEOMETRY I

Differentiation of algebraic functions, graphing plane curves, applications to
related rate and extremal problems, integration of algebraic functions, areas
of plane regions, volumes of solids of revolution, and other applications.
Prerequisite: A grade of C or better in Mathematics 17 or its equivalent, or consent
of instructor.

19 CALCULUS WITH ANALYTIC GEOMETRY II

Differentiation and integration of transcendental functions, parametric
equations, polar coordinates, the conic sections and their applications,
infinite sequences and series expansions. Prerequisite: A grade of Cor better in
Mathematics 18 or consent of instructor.

20 MULTIVARIATE CALCULUS WITH MATRIX ALGEBRA

Vectors, linear transformations and their matrix representations, determi-
nants, matrix inversion, solutions to systems of linear equations, differentia-

91

tion and integration of multivariate functions, vector field theory and
applications. Prerequisite: A grade of C or better in Mathematics 19, or consent of
instructor.

21 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

A study of ordinary differential equations and their applications: first order
linear differential equations, the Picard Existence Theorem, solution by
separation of variables, solution by numerical methods; second order linear
differential equations, solution by variation of parameters, solution by power
series, solution by Laplace transforms; systems of first order equations,
solutions by eigenvalues; qualitative theory, stability theory, asymptotic
behavior, and the Poincare-Bendixon theorem. Besides the usual applica-
tions in physics and engineering, considerable attention will be given to
modern applications in the social and life sciences. Prerequisite: A grade of C
or better in Mathematics 19, or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

23 COMPLEX VARIABLES

Complex numbers, analytic functions, complex integration, Cauchy's the-
orems, and their applications. Co-requisite: Mathematics 20. Alternate years.

24 FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS

Topics regularly included are the nature of mathematical systems, essentials
of logical reasoning, and axiomatic foundations of set theory. Other topics
frequently included are approaches to the concepts of infinity and continuity,
and the construction of the real number system. The course serves as a bridge
from the elementary calculus to advanced courses in algebra and analysis.
Prerequisite: Mathematics 19, or consent of instructor.

30 TOPICS IN GEOMETRY

An axiomatic treatment of Euclidean geometry, and an introduction to
related geometries. Prerequisite: Mathematics 18. Alternate years.

31 INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Study and analysis of tabulated data leading to interpolation, numerical
integration, numerical solutions of differential equations and systems of
equations. Co-requisite: Mathematics 20. Prerequisite: Mathematics 15. Alternate

years.

32-33 MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS I-II

A study of probability, discrete and continuous random variables, expected
values and moments, sampling, point estimation, sampling distributions,
interval estimation, test of hypotheses, regression and linear hypotheses,
experimental design models. Prerequisite: Mathematics 19. Alternate years.

34 MODERN ALGEBRA

An integrated approach to groups, rings, fields and vector spaces, and
functions which preserve their structure. Prerequisite: Mathematics 24.

92

36 CONCEPTS OF MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION

A course designed for mathematics majors who are planning to teach at the
secondary level. Emphasis will be placed on the mathematics that forms the
foundation of secondary mathematics. Ideas will be presented to familiarize
the student with various curriculum proposals, to provide for innovation
within the existing curriculum and to expand the boundaries of the existing
curriculum. Open only to junior and senior math majors enrolled in the secondary
education program. Alternate years.

37 COMPUTATIONAL MATRIX ALGEBRA

An introduction to some of the algorithms which have been developed for
producing numerical solutions to such linear algebraic problems as solving
systems of linear equations, inverting matrices, computing the eigenvalues
of a matrix, and solving the linear least squares problem. Prerequisite:
Mathematics 15 and 20 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

42 REAL ANALYSIS

A rigorous analysis of the basic concepts of real variable calculus; the real
number system as a complete, ordered field; the topology of Euclidean space,
compact sets, the Heine-Borel Theorem; continuity; the Intermediate Value
Theorem; derivatives, the Mean Value Theorem; Riemann integrals, the
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus; infinite series, and Taylor's theorem.
Prerequisite: Mathematics 24.

48 SEMINAR

Topics in modern mathematics of current interest to the instructor. A
different topic is selected each semester. This seminar is designed to provide
junior and senior mathematics majors and other qualified students with more
than the usual opportunity for concentrated and cooperative inquiry.
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor. One-half unit of credit. This course may be
repeated for credit.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns with computer science and statistics background have helped other
institutions do research on their data.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

The department will consider any topic of interest to a qualified student.
Recently completed studies focused on data structures, computer graphics,
designs of geodesic domes and integer programming.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

One student produced an Honors paper entitled "Construction of Rings from
Bounded Modular Lattices." This project helped prepare the student for
graduate study in mathematics.

93

MUSIC

Professor: Morgan (on leave 1978-79)
Associate Professor: Sheaffer (Acting Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Thayer

A major consists of eight courses numbered 10 and above. All majors are strongly
urged to elect Music 1 and 2 in the Freshman year if possible, even though these
courses do not count as part of the major. Each major must complete one-half unit
of applied music each semester upon declaration of the major. This one-half unit
will consist of participation in an ensemble (Music 67, 68, or 69) and one and one-
half hours of private instruction from courses numbered 60-66. No more than one
hour per week may be taken on one instrument.

1-2 INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC

A basic course for those with or without musical training designed to develop
perceptive listening. Through extensive guided listening, the student
becomes familiar with much serious music of our tradition.

10-11 MUSIC THEORY I AND II

For the student major or non-major, wishing to develop musicianship,
particularly in the areas of theory, sight-singing, and ear training.

20-21 MUSIC THEORY III AND IV

A continuation of the integrated course moving toward newer uses of
musical materials. Prerequisite: Music 11. Alternate years.

28 COUNTERPOINT

A study of the five species in two, three, and four-part writing. Alternate

years.

29 ORCHESTRATION

A study of modern orchestral instruments, and examination of their use by
the great masters with practical problems in instrumentation. Alternate years.

30 COMPOSITION

Creative writing in smaller vocal and instrumental forms. The college musical
organizations serve to make performance possible. Alternate years.

31 CONDUCTING

A study of the fundamentals of conducting with frequent opportunity for
practical experience. Alternate years.

32 ELECTRONIC MUSIC I

The course involves learning the function and operational techniques of the
components of an electronic music studio. The modules involved include
tape recorders and signal generators. Tape recording techniques from the
beginning stages through advanced use of quad-radial stereo sound are

94

involved. In addition, the operation and understanding of various wave
forms, individually and collectively, will be included.

33 ELECTRONIC MUSIC II
Continuation of Music 32.

35 MUSIC HISTORY AND LITERATURE TO J.S. BACH

A study of our music from its roots to the early 18th Century, with particular
emphasis on late Medieval, Renaissance, and early and middle Baroque. No
prerequisite. Alternate years.

36 MUSIC HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF THE 18TH CENTURY

The late Baroque, Rococo, and Classical periods are examined with particular
emphasis on J.S. Bach, Handel, Mozart, Haydn, and early Beethoven, as well
asCorelli, Vivaldi, the sons of Bach, and the French school. Prerequisite: Music
2, or consent of the instructor. Alternate years.

42 ELECTRONIC MUSIC III

A continuation of the processes begun in Music 32 and 33, plus the addition
of the study of and practice in the use of various methods of signal
modification. Also included is the study of form in electronic music.
Prerequisite: Music 33.

43 ELECTRONIC MUSIC IV

A study of mixing and equalization techniques as applied to multiple track
electronic music composition. Prerequisite: Music 42.

45 MUSIC HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

A study of the music of the Romantic period with emphasis on Beethoven,
Schubert, Chopin, Berlioz, Liszt, Schumann, Brahms, Wagner, Verdi,
Tschaikowsky and others. Close examination of short lyric forms, program
music, opera as well as sonata genre. Prerequisite: Music 2 or consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

46 MUSIC HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Beginning with a unit on Debussy, Strauss, Mahler, and Sibelius, this course
traces some of the main currents in the music of our time. Emphasis given
to such composers as Stravinsky, Bartok, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Berg,
Copland, Ives, Gershwin and others. Prerequisite: Music 2 or consent of the
instructor. Alternate years.

APPLIED MUSIC

The study of performance in Piano, Voice, Organ, Strings, Brass, Woodwinds,
and Percussion is designed to develop sound technique and a knowledge of the
appropriate literature. Student recitals offer opportunity to gain experience in
performance. Music majors or other students qualified in performance may
present formal recitals.

95

Credit for Applied Music courses (Music 60 through 69) is earned on a
fractional basis — SEE PAGE 16 for the fractional values involved. An Applied
Music Course (60 series) should NOT be substituted for an academic course in a
student's schedule but should be IN ADDITION TO the normal four academic
courses taken per semester.

Private Instruction In:

60 Piano 62 Strings (Classical Guitar and 63 Organ 65 Woodwinds

61 Voice Other Stringed Instruments) 64 Brass 66 Percussion

67 PIANO ENSEMBLE

A course designed to explore piano literature for four and eight hands.

68 VOCAL ENSEMBLE

A course designed to enable any student possessing at least average vocal
talent to study choral technique. Emphasis is placed upon tone production,
diction and phrasing.

69 INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE

A course directed toward developing fine ensemble music through a study
of group instrumental procedures.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Internships in music are arranged with off-campus organizations, usually
churches or businesses within the music industry.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Among the recent music studies topics was a study of the organ music of
Olivier Messiaen and the preparation of a manual explaining the Electronic
Music applications of an oscilloscope.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

Preparation of a performance edition for modern organ of selected lute music
of the Spanish composer, Cadezon.

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NEAR EAST CULTURE AND ARCHEOLOGY

Professor: Guerra (Coordinator)

The Near East Culture and Archeology interdisciplinary major is designed to
acquaint students with the "cradle of Western civilization", both in its ancient and
modern aspects. Majors will complete a minimum of eight to ten courses related
to the Near East.

Required courses are described in their departmental sections and include:

1. Four courses (semesters) in language and culture from:
History and Culture of the Ancient Near East (Religion 28)
History of Art (Art 22)

Ancient History (History 20)

Old Testament Faith and History (Religion 13)

Judaism and Islam (Religion 24)

Two semesters of foreign language (Hebrew 1, 2 or Greek 1, 2)

2. Two courses (semesters) in archeology from:
Bible, Archeology, and Faith (Religion 46)

Special Archeology courses, such as independent studies or in May
Term or summer sessions in the Near East.

3. Two courses (semesters) in the cooperating departments (Art, History,
Political Science, Religion, and Sociology and Anthropology) or related
departments. These two courses, usually taken in the junior or senior years,
can be independent study. Topics should be related either to the ancient or
the modern Near East and must be approved in advance by the committee
supervising the interdisciplinary program. The study of modern Arabic or
Hebrew is encouraged.

Other courses may be suggested by the supervisory committee within the
limits of a ten-course major. The number of courses taken within this program
applicable toward fulfilling the College distribution requirements will vary
according to the selection of courses you make.

PHILOSOPHY

Assistant Professor: Griffith, Herring (Chairman), Whelan

The study of philosophy develops a critical understanding of the basic concepts
and presuppositions around which we organize our thought in science, religion,
education, morality, the arts, and other human enterprises. A major in
philosophy, together with appropriate other courses, can provide an excellent
preparation for policy-making positions of many kinds, for graduate study in
several fields, and for careers in education, law, and the ministry. The major in
philosophy consists of at least eight courses numbered 10 or above, of which six
must be numbered 20 or above and must include 21 or 23, 22 or 24, and 49. In
addition to the courses listed below, special courses are often offered.

5 PRACTICAL REASONING

A general introduction to topics in logic and their application to practical
reasoning, with primary emphasis on detecting fallacies, evaluating induc-
tive reasoning, and understanding the rudiments of scientific method.

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10 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS

An introductory course designed to show the nature of philosophy by
examination of several examples of problems which have received extended
attention in philosophical literature. These topics often include the relation
of the mind to the body, the possibility of human freedom, arguments about
the existence of God, the conditions of knowledge, and the relation of
language to thought. Some attention is also given to the principles of
acceptable reasoning.

14 PHILOSOPHY AND PERSONAL CHOICE

An introductory philosophical examination of a number of contemporary
moral issues which call for personal decision. Topics often investigated
include these: the "good" life, obligation to others, sexual ethics, abortion,
suicide and death, violence and pacifism, obedience to the law, the relevance
of personal beliefs to morality. Discussion centers on some of the suggestions
philosophers have made about how to make such decisions.

15 PHILOSOPHY AND PUBLIC POLICY

An introductory philosophical examination of the moral and conceptual
dimension of various contemporary public issues, such as the relation of
ethics to politics and the law, the enforcement of morals, the problem of fair
distribution of goods and opportunities, the legitimacy to restricting the use
of natural resources, and the application of ethics to business practice.
Discussion centers on some of the suggestions philosophers have made
about how to deal with these issues.

17 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN EDUCATION

An examination of the basic concepts involved in thought about education,
and a consideration of the various methods for justifying educational
proposals. Typical of the issues discussed are these: Are education and
indoctrination different? What is a liberal education? Are education and
schooling compatible? What do we need to learn? Alternate years.

18 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

An introductory examination of various philosophical issues and concepts
which are of special importance in legal contexts. Discussion includes both
general topics such as the justification of punishment, and more specific
topics such as the insanity defense and the rights of the accused. Readings
are arranged topically, and include both classical and contemporary sources.

19 ETHICAL ISSUES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

A philosophical investigation of some of the ethical issues which arise as a
result of contemporary medical and biological technology. Typical of these
issues are euthanasia, behavior control, patient rights, experimentation on
humans, fetal research, abortion, genetic engineering, population control,
and distribution of health resources.

20 SYMBOLIC LOGIC

A study of modern symbolic logic, and its application to the analysis of

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arguments. Included are truth-functional relations, the logic of pro positional
functions, and deductive systems. Attention is also given to various topics
in the philosophy of logic.

21 ANCIENT GREEK ETHICAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

An examination of the ethical and political views of Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle. Considerable attention is paid to the relationship between these
views and the social and intellectual milieu out of which they developed.
However, the primary emphasis is on understanding the philosophical
issues raised in selected Aristotelian and Platonic texts. Prerequisite: Freshmen
must have instructor's permission. Alternate years.

22 HISTORY OF MODERN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

An historical survey of the most important social and political philosophers
of the modern period. Particular attention is paid to the social contract
theories of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, and some consideration will be
given to the political philosophies of Hagal, Marx, and Mill. Prerequisite:
Freshmen must have instructor's permission. Alternate years.

23 ANCIENT GREEK SCIENCE AND METAPHYSICS

An historical survey of the first attempts to understand the physical universe
scientifically- Particular attention is paid to the common origins of
philosophy and science in the works of the pre-Platonic philosophers, to the
question of how scientific and philosophical thinking is distinct from
mythological and technological thinking, and to the interaction between
philosophy and science in formulating the fundamental problems about the
physical universe and in developing and criticizing the various concepts
introduced in attempts to solve those problems. Prerequisite: Freshmen must
have instructor's permission. Alternate years.

24 EARLY MODERN SCIENCE AND METAPHYSICS

An historical survey of the early modern attempt to understand the physical
universe. Particular attention is paid to the continuities and discontinuities
between early modern science and metaphysics and ancient Greek science
and metaphysics, to the rationalism-empiricism dispute in science and
metaphysics, and to the interaction between philosophy and science in
formulating fundamental questions about the physical universe and in
developing and criticizing concepts designed to answer them. Prerequisite:
Freshmen must have instructor's permission. Alternate years.

31 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY

Theories in psychology which attempt to explain human behavior seem to
conflict in various ways with religion, with common ideas about morality,
and with common-sensical ways of explaining human behavior. This course
examines some of those conflicts philosophically'. Prerequisite: Students
without previous study in philosophy must have instructor's permission. Alternate
years.

32 PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

A philosophical examination of religion. Included are such topics as the

99

nature of religious discourse, arguments for and against the existence of God,
and the relation between religion and science. Readings from classical and
contemporary sources. Prerequisite: Students without previous study in
philosophy must have instructor's permission. Alternate years.

33 PHILOSOPHY OF NATURAL SCIENCE

A consideration of philosophically important conceptual problems arising
from reflection about natural science, including such topics as the nature of
scientific laws and theories, the character of explanation, the import of
prediction, the existence of "non-observable" theoretical entities such as
electrons and genes, the problem of justifying induction, and various puzzles
associated with probability. Prerequisite: Students without previous study in
philosophy must have instructor's permission. Alternate years.

34 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

A systematic philosophical investigation of the relation between human
nature and the proper social and political order. Topics studied include the
purpose of government, the nature of legitimate authority, the foundation
of human rights, and the limits of human freedom. Emphasis is placed on
the logic of social and political thought and on the analysis of basic principles
and concepts. Prerequisite: Students without previous study in philosophy must
have instructor's permission.

35 ETHICAL THEORY

An inquiry concerning the grounds which distinguish morally right actions
from morally wrong actions. Central to the course is critical consideration of
the proposals and the rationale of relativists, egoists, utilitarians, and other
ethical theorists. Various topics in metaethics are also included. Prerequisite:
Students without previous study in philosophy must have instructor's permission.

49 DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR

An investigation, carried on by discussions and papers, into one
philosophical problem, text, philosopher, or movement. A different topic is
selected each semester; recent topics include Sidgwick's ethics, religious
language, Kierkegaard, legal punishment, Wittgenstein, personal identity,
and human rights. This seminar is designed to provide junior and senior
philosophy majors and other qualified students with more than the usual
opportunity for concentrated and cooperative inquiry. Prerequisite: Consent of
the instructor. This seminar may he repeated for credit.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80 INDEPENDENT STUDY

Recent independent studies in philosophy include Nietzscha, moral educa-
tion, Rawls' theory of justice, existentialism, euthanasia, Plato's ethics, and
philosophical aesthetics.

90 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS

100

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Assistant Professor: Burch (Chairman), Phillips, Whitehill
Instructor: Holmes

1 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Coeducational physical education classes. Basic instructions in fundamen-
tals, knowledge, and appreciation of sports that include swimming, tennis,
bowling, volleyball, archery, field hockey, soccer, golf, badminton, modern
dance, skiing, elementary games (for elementary teachers), toneastics,
physical fitness, and other activities. Orienteering backpacking, cross
countrv skiing, alpine skiing, jogging, and cycling are offered on a contract
basis. Beginning swimming is required for all nonswimmers. Students may
select any activity offered. A reasonable degree of proficiency is required in
the activities in which students choose to participate. Emphasis is on the
potential use of activities as recreational and leisure-time interests. Two
semesters of physical education (two hours per week) are required. All
physical education classes are open to both men and women.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Professor: Jose

Associate Professor: Giglio (Chairman)

Assistant Professor: Grogan, Roskin

The major is designed to provide a systematic understanding of government and
politics at the international, national, state, and local levels. Majors are en-
couraged to develop their faculties to make independent, objective analysis which
can be applied to the broad spectrum of the social sciences.

Although the political science major is not designed as a vocational major,
students with such training may go directly into government service, journalism,
teaching, or private administrative agencies. A political science major can provide
the base for the study of law, or for graduate studies leading to administrative
work in federal, state, or local government, international organizations, or college
teaching. Students seeking certification to teach secondary school social studies
may major in political science but should consult their advisors and the education
department.

A major consists of eight political science courses, including Political Science
15 and at least one course in each of the five areas (A to E) below. Students
entering the major as juniors or seniors may, with departmental permission,
substitute Political Science 20, European Politics, for Political Science 15. To
encourage familiarity with other social sciences, at least two courses must be
completed from the following: American Studies 10; Business 35 and 36
(recommended for pre-law); Economics 10, 11, 32, 45; History 24, 32, 33, 34;
Philosophy 22; Sociology and Anthropology 26, 38.

15 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICS

The behavior and misbehavior of the political animal, man. Why he forms
political communities, how he may improve them, and how he may destroy
them. Required of all political science majors; open to a limited number of other
interested students.

101

A. AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

10 GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATES

An introduction to American national government which emphasizes both
structural-functional analysis and policymaking processes. In addition to the
legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, attention will be
given to political parties and interest groups, elections and voting behavior,
and constitutional rights. Recommended to all Social Science Education
majors and to those students who have had inadequate or insufficient
preparation in American government.

11 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

An examination of the general principles, major problems, and political
processes of the states and their subdivisions, together with their role in a
federal type of government.

30 THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM

An analysis of the Supreme Court in the American system of government
with some attention paid to judicial decisionmaking. Topics include: judicial
review, federalism, constitutional limits on legislative and executive powers,
elections and representation.

31 CIVIL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES

What are our rights and liberties as Americans? What should they be? A frank
discussion of the nature and scope of the constitutional guarantees. First
Amendment rights, the rights of criminal suspects and defendants, racial and
sexual equality, and equal protection of the laws. Students will read and brief
the more important Supreme Court decisions.

33 BUREAUCRACY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

What is a bureaucracy? Why and how do bureaucracies arise? What has been
the political impact of growth of bureaucracy in government? These
questions, among others, will be considered in this examination of public
bureaucracies. Alternate years.

B. AMERICAN POLITICS

22 POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS

An examination of the history, organization, functions, and methods of
American political parties. Special attention is devoted to the role of
organized interest groups in the political process.

23 AMERICAN PRESIDENCY

A study of the office and powers of the president with analysis of his major
roles as chief administrator, legislator, political leader, foreign policy maker,
and commander-in-chief. Special attention is given to those presidents who
led the nation boldly.

102

24 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS

A study of the role of the legislature in the framework of the national and
state governments. Consideration of the influence of the parties, pressure
groups, public opinion, constituencies, the "committee system"! the "ad-
ministration" and the constitution in the lawmaking process. Alternate years.

32 THE POLITICS OF CITES AND SUBURBS

An examination of the history, legal basis, power, forms, services, and
problems of the cities and their suburbs, with special reference to current
experiments in the solution of the problems of metropolitan areas.

C. POLITICAL THEORY AND METHODOLOGY

35 LAW AND SOCIETY

An examination into the nature, sources, functions, and limits of law as an
instrument of politcal and social control. Included for discussion are legal
problems pertaining to the family, crime, deviant behavior, poverty, and
minority groups. Alternate years.

46 CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

The growth, development and current status of liberalism, conservatism,
nationalism, socialism, communism, and fascism. Alternate years.

47 THE AMERICAN POLITICAL TRADITION

An examination of the significant ideas which have shaped the American
political tradition from their European origins to the present, with emphasis
on the influence of these ideas in the development of American democracy.
Special attention will be paid to an analysis of contemporary ideological
movements: Black Power, New Left, and Radical Feminism. Alternate years.

48 PUBLIC OPINION AND POLLING

A course dealing with the general topic and methodology of polling. Content
includes exploration of the processes by which people's political opinions are
formed, the manipulation of public opinion through the uses of propaganda,
and the American response to politics and political issues.

D. COMPARATIVE POLITICS

20 EUROPEAN POLITICS

A study of the political systems of East and West Europe with emphasis on
comparison and patterns of government. The course will review politics in
Northern (Britain, West Germany, Sweden), Latin (France, Italy, Spain) and
Eastern (Soviet Union, East Germany, Yugoslavia) Europe and attempt to
find underlying similarities and differences.

36 THE SOVIET POLITICAL SYSTEM

The political theory and practice of the Soviet Union, including some
comparison with other Communist states such as China and Yugoslavia

Alternate years.

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38 POLITICS OF DEVELOPING AREAS

The causes and possible cures for socio-political backwardness in Asia,
Africa, and Latin America. Alternate years.

E. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

25 WORLD POLITICS

Why is there war? An introduction to international relations with emphasis
on the varieties of conflicts which may grow into war.

37 COMMUNIST STRATEGIES AND TACTICS

The foreign policies of the various Communist states: the breakup of
monolithic communism into national-interest communism as practiced by
the Soviet Union, China, Romania, and Yugoslavia. Alternate years.

39 THE AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY

The U.S. role in the world in geographic, strategic, historical, and ideological
perspectives, plus an examination of the domestic forces shaping U.S. policy.
Alternate years.

43 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

An examination of structure and function of the League of Nations and
particularly the United Nations with emphasis on activities related to the
maintenance of international peace and security- Alternate years.

F. NON-AREA ELECTIVES

34 POLITICAL NEWSWRITING

A workshop course in the reporting and rewriting of public affairs at the local,
national and international levels. There will be neither texts nor examina-
tions, but short written assignments will be due every class meeting. Alternate
years.

G. SPECIAL PROGRAMS

70-79 INTERNSHIPS (See Index)

Students may receive academic credit for serving as interns in structured
learning situations with a wide variety of public and private agencies and
organizations. Students have served as interns with the Public Defender's
Office, the Lycoming County Court Administrator, and the Williamsport
City Government.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Current studies relate to elections — local, state, and federal — while past
studies have included Soviet and world politics.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

104

PSYCHOLOGY

Professor: Hancock (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Berthold, Salley
Visiting Professor: Vestermark

A major consists of Psychology 10, 20, 21, 22, and four other psychology courses.
Mathematics 13 is also required. In addition to the departmental requirements,
majors are urged to include courses in Animal Physiology, Sociology, and the
Mathematics option of the distribution requirements.

10 INTRODUCTORY PSYCHOLOGY

An introduction to the empirical study of human and other animal behavior.
Areas considered may include: learning, personality, social, physiological,
sensory, cognition, and developmental.

15 ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

The application of the principles and methods of pscyhology to selected
organizational and industrial situations. Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

16 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

An introduction to the patterns of deviant behavior with emphasis on cause,
function, and treatment. The various models for the conceptualization of
abnormal behavior are critically examined. Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

20 SENSORY EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

The examination of psychophysical methodology and basic neu-
rophysiological methods as they are applied to the understanding of sensory
processes. Prerequisite: Psychology 10; Mathematics 13.

21 LEARNING EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Learning processes. The examination of the basic methods and principles of
animal and human learning. Prerequisite: Psychology 10; Mathematics 13.

22 PERSONALITY THEORY

Theories of personality. A comparison of different theoretical views on the
development and functioning of personality. Examined in detail are three
general viewpoints of personality: psychoanalytic, stimulus-response (be-
havioristic), and phenomenological. Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

30 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

An examination of behavior in social contexts including motivation, per-
ception, group processes and leadership, attitudes, and methods of research.
Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

31 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

A study of the basic principles of early human growth and development.
Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

105

32 ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY

The study areas will include theories of adolescence; current issues raised by
as well as about the "generation of youth"; research findings bearing on
theories and issues of growth beyond childhood; and self-exploration.
Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

33 PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

An introduction to the physiological psychologist's method of approach to
the understanding of behavior as well as the set of principles that relate the
function and organization of the nervous system to the phenomena of
behavior. The course emphasis is on the relationship between brain function
and the physiological bases of learning, perception, and motivation. Labora-
tory experience includes both behavioral testing and basic small-animal
neurosurgical technique as well as histological methodology. Prerequisite:
Psychology 20 or Biology 23, and Mathematics 13.

34 PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT

Psychometric methods and theory, including scale transformation, norms,
standardization, validation procedures and estimation of reliability. Prere-
quisite: Psychology 10, Mathematics 13.

35 HISTORY AND SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY

The growth of scientific psychology and the theories and systems that have
accompanied its development. Prerequisite: 4 courses in Psychology.

37 COGNITION

An investigation of human mental processes along the two major dimensions
of directed and undirected thought. Topic areas include: recognition,
attention, conceptualization, problem-solving, fantasy, language, dreaming,
and creativity. Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

38 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

An introduction to the empirical study of the teaching-learning process.
Areas considered may include educational objectives, pupil and teacher
characteristics, concept learning, problem solving and creativity, attitudes
and values, motivation, retention and transfer, and evaluation and meas-
urement. Prerequisite: Psychology 10 or consent of instructor.

39 BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION

A detailed examination of the applied analysis of behavior. Focus will be on
the application of experimental method to the individual clinical case. The
course will cover targeting, behavior, base-rating, intervention strategies and
outcome evaluation. Learning based modification techniques such as con-
tingency management, counter-conditioning, extinction, discrimination
training, aversive conditioning and negative practice will be examined.
Prerequisite: Psychology 21.

106

40 ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Consideration of a variety of designs currently used in Psychology with
emphasis on the appropriate statistical analysis. Prerequisite: Psycltology 20 and
21.

48-49 PRACTICUM IN PSYCHOLOGY

An off-campus involvement in the application of psychological skills and
principles in institutional settings. The experience includes training in
behavior modification and traditional counseling techniques as applied in
prisons, mental health centers, and schools for the mentally retarded.
Classroom training focuses on various therapeutic techniques and on the
students' understanding of themselves in the counselor role. Prerequisite:
Consent of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Internships give students an opportunity to relate on-campus academic
experiences to societv in general and to their post-baccalaureate objectives
in particular. Our students have, for example, worked in prisons, public and
private schools, county government, and the American Red Cross.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Independent Study is an opportunity for students to pursue special interests
in areas for which courses are not offered. In addition, students have an
opportunity to study a topic in more depth than is possible in the regular
classroom situation. Studies in the past have included child abuse, counsel-
ing of hospital patients, and research in the psychology of natural disasters.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

Honors in Psychology require original contributions to the literature of
Psychology through independent study. The most recent honors project was
a study of the relationship between socio-economic status and visual vs.
auditory learning.

RELIGION

Professor: Guerra, Rhodes

Assistant Professor: Hughes (Chairman)

A major consists of ten courses including 11, 12, 13, and 14. At least seven courses
must be taken in the department. The following courses may be counted toward
fulfilling the major requirements: Greek 11 and 12, Hebrew 11 and 12, History
39 and 41, Philosophy 25, and Sociology 33.

11 DEATH AND DYING

A study of death from personal, social, and universal standpoints, with
emphasis upon what the dying mav teach the living. Principal issues are the
stages of dying, bereavement, suicide, funeral conduct, and the religious
doctrines of death and immortality. Course includes, as optional, practical
projects with terminal patients under professional supervision.

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12 RELIGION AND THE SPIRIT OF SCIENCE

A comparison of the approaches taken by religion and science towards such
topics as: evolution, psychic phenomena, primitive creation myths, modern
astronomy, depth psychology, and the concept of "revelation." The role of
"faith," "fact," and "intuition" in each discipline will be examined.
Scientists, engineers, and technicians will be invited to share their views
informally with the class.

13 OLD TESTAMENT FAITH AND HISTORY

A critical examination of the literature within its historical setting and in the
light of archeological findings to show the faith and religious life of the
Hebrew-Jewish community in the biblical period, and an introduction to the
history of interpretation with an emphasis on contemporary Old Testament
criticism and theology.

14 NEW TESTAMENT FAITH AND HISTORY

A critical examination of the literature within its historical setting to show the
faith and religious life of the Christian community in the biblical period, and
an introduction to the history of interpretation with an emphasis on
contemporary New Testament criticism and theology.

22 PROTESTANTISM IN THE MODERN WORLD

An examination of changing Protestant thought and life from Luther to the
present, against the backdrop of a culture itself rapidly changing from the
Seventeenth century scientific revolution to Marxism, Darwinism, and depth
psychology. Special attention will be paid to the constant interaction between
Protestantism and the world in which it finds itself.

23 AFRICAN RELIGIONS

An examination of the integrated life of the Black man in Africa before it was
altered by Western imperialism. We will emphasize the "religious" side of
the African's life, examining the way in which it is interwoven with his daily
activities, from before his birth to after his death. Some attention will be given
to Western influences on this traditional lifestyle.

24 JUDAISM AND ISLAM

An examination of the rise, growth, and expansion of Judaism and Islam,
with special attention given to the theological contents of the literatures of
these religions as far as they are normative in matters of faith, practice, and
organization. Also a review of their contributions to the spiritual heritage of
mankind.

25 ORIENTAL RELIGION

A phenomenological study of the basic content of Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Chinese Taoism with special attention to social and political relations,
mythical and aesthetic forms, and the East-West dialogue.

28 HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST

A study of the history and culture of Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Syria-Palestine,

108

and Egypt, from the rise of the Sumerian culture to Alexander the Great.
Careful attention will be given to the religious views prevalent in the Ancient
Near East as far as these views interacted with the culture and faith of Biblical
man.

30 PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION

A study into the broad insights of psychology in relation to the phenomena
of religion and religious behavior. The course concentrates on religious
experience or manifestations rather than concepts. Tenative solutions will be
sought to questions such as: What does it feel like to be religious or to have
a religious experience? What is the religious function in human develop-
ment? How does one think psychologically about theological problems?

31 CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ETHICS

A study of Christian ethics as a normative perspective for contemporary'
moral problems with emphasis upon the interaction of law and religion,
decision-making in the field of biomedical practice, and the reconstruction
of society in a planetary civilization.

32 CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS IN CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ETHICS

An examination of the approach of religion and other disciplines to an issue
of current concern; current topics include the theological significance of law,
the ethics of love, and the holocaust. The course may be repeated for credit.

33 ROMAN CATHOLIC THOUGHT

The development of Thomism, Neo-Thomism, and Transcendental Thom-
ism; limited attention given to pastoral and ecclesiological issues in the post-
conciliar era after Vatican II.

37 BIBLICAL TOPICS

An in-depth study of Biblical topics related both to the Old Testament and
the New Testament. Topics include prophecy, wisdom, literature, the Dead
Sea Scrolls, the teachings of Jesus, Pauline theology, Judaism and Christian
origins, redaction criticism — the way the Synoptic Gospels and John give
final form to their message. Course will vary from year to year and may be taken
for credit a second time if the topic is different from one previously studied.

41 CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS ISSUES

A study of the theological significance of some contemporary intellectual
developments in western culture. The content of this course will vary from
year to year. Subjects studied in recent years include the following: the
theological significance of Freud, Marx, and Nietzsche; Christianity and
existentialism; theology and depth psychology; and the religious dimension
of contemporary literature.

42 THE NATURE AND MISSION OF THE CHURCH

A study of the nature of the Church as "The People of God" with reference
to the Biblical, Protestant, Orthodox and Roman Catholic traditions.

109

43 THE EDUCATIONAL MINISTRY OF THE CHURCH

A study of religious education as a function of the church with special
attention given to the nature and objectives of Christian education, methods
of teaching religion, and the relations between faith and learning.

46 BIBLE, ARCHEOLOGY, AND FAITH

A study of the role of archeology in reconstructing the world in which the
Biblical literature originated, with special attention given to archeological
results that throw light on the clarification of the Biblical text. Also an
introduction to basic archeological method, and a study in depth of several
representative excavations along with the artifacts and material culture
recovered from different historical peiods.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in religion usually work in local churches under the supervision of
the pastor and a member of the faculty.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Current study areas are in the biblical languages, New Testament theology,
comparative religions, and the ethics of technology.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

A recent project was on the Theology of Hope with reference to the thought
of Ernst Bloch and Alfred North Whitehead.

SOCIOLOGY— ANTHROPOLOGY

Professor: McCrary

Associate Professor: Wilk

Assistant Professor: Jo, Rux, Strauser

A major consists of Sociology-Anthropology 10, 14, 16, 44, 47 and three other
courses within the department with the exception of 15, 23. Religion 46 may also
be counted toward the major. Sociology-Anthropology majors are encouraged to
participate in the internship program.

10 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

An introduction to the problems, concepts, and methods in sociology today,
including analysis of stratification, organization of groups and institutions,
social movements, and deviants in social structure.

14 INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY

An introduction to the subfields of anthropology; its subject matter,
methodology, and goals. Examination of biological and cultural evolution,
the fossil evidence for human evolution and questions raised in relation to
human evolution. Other topics include race, human nature, primate
behavior, and prehistoric cultural development.

110

15 INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

An introduction to the role of law enforcement, courts, and corrections in the
administration of justice; the historical development of police, courts and
corrections; jurisdiction and procedures of courts; an introduction to the
studies, literature, and research in criminal justice; careers in criminal justice.

16 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

An examination of cultural and social anthropology designed to familiarize
the student with the analytical approaches to the diverse cultures of the
world. The relevancy of cultural anthropologv for an understanding of the
human condition will be stressed. Topics to be covered include: the nature
of primitive societies in contrast to civilizations, the concept of culture and
cultural relativism, the individual and culture, the social patterning of
behavior and social control, an anthropological perspective on the culture of
the United States.

20 MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY

The history, structure, and functions of modern American family life,
emphasizing dating, courtship, factors in marital adjustment, and the
changing status of family members. Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10 or
consent of instructor.

21 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

A multidisciplinary approach to the study of the constellation of factors that
relate to juvenile delinquency causation, handling the juvenile delinquent in
the criminal justice system, treatment strategies, prevention and community
responsibility. Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

22 PEOPLES AND CULTURES OF MEXICO

Examination of the diverse cultures of Mesoamerica from preconquest
indigenous peoples to modern Mexican state, including the rise and fall of
Aztec and Maya civilization, transformation from Primitive agriculturalist to
peasant, concepts of folk society and culture of povertv; an analysis of
contemporary problems of rural Mexico and the role of peasants in modern
revolutionary movements. Offered at least once even/ three years.

23 INTRODUCTION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT

Principles, theories and doctrines of the law of crimes, elements in crime,
analysis of criminal investigation, important case law. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 15 or consent of instructor.

24 RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES

The concept of community is treated as it operates and affects individual and
group behavior in rural, suburban, and urban settings. Emphasis is placed
upon characteristic institutions and problems of modern city life. Prerequisite:
Sociology-Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

Ill

26 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

An analysis of the dynamics, structure, and reaction to social movements
with focus on contemporary social movements. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthroivlogy 10 or consent of instructor.

27 SOCIALIZATION THROUGH THE LIFE SPAN

Examination of the relationship between the individual and society in the
development of behavior potentials of groups and cultures. The course will
study the continual process of learning how to be "human" which occurs
throughout the life span. A cross cultural approach is utilized to examine the
process of acquisition of skills, motives, and attitudes necessary for role
performance in childhood, adolescence, with an emphasis on young
adulthood, adulthood, middle age, and old age. Life span developmental
theory will be used in conjunction with socialization theory and role theory.
Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

28 AGING AND SOCIETY

Analysis of cross cultural characteristics of the aged as individuals and as
members of groups. Emphasis is placed upon variables: health, housing,
socio-economic status, personal adjustment, retirement and social partici-
pation. Sociological, social psychological and anthropological frames of
reference utilized in analysis and description of aging and its relationship to
society, culture, and personality.

29 TWENTIETH CENTURY CHINESE SOCIETY

An analysis of the interaction between the individual and society undergoing
rapid social change in the Chinese cultural context. Topics include Confucian
examination system and social mobility, the traditional Chinese village and
family, origins of Chinese Marxism and how it has been implemented in
social institutions of The People's Republic of China. Alternate years.

30 CRIMINOLOGY

Analysis of the sociology of law, conditions under which criminal laws
develop, etiology of crime, epidemiology of crime including explanation of
statistical distribution of criminal behavior in terms of time, space, and social
location. Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

31 SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN

A sociological examination of the role of women in American society through
an analysis of the social institutions which affect their development. Role
analysis theory will be applied to the past, present and future experience of
women as it relates to the role options of the society as a whole. Students
will do an original research project on the role of women as part of the
requirements for the course. Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10. Alternate
years.

32 INSTITUTIONS

Introduces the student to the sociological concept of social institution, the
types of social institutions to be found in all societies, and the interrela-

112

tionships between the social institutions within a society. The course is
divided into two basic parts: 1. That aspect which deals with the systematic
organization of society in general, and 2. The concentration on a particular
social institution: economic, political, educational, or social welfare. Prere-
quisite: Sociology-Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

33 SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION

An examination of the major theories of the relationship of religion to society,
and a survey of sociological studies of religious behavior. Prerequisite:
Sociology- Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

34 RACIAL AND CULTURAL MINORITIES

Study of racial, cultural and national groups within the framework of
American cultural values. Culture conflict and its resolution will be examined
for selected minority groups.

35 CULTURE AND PERSONALITY

Introduction to psychological anthropology, its theories and methodologies.
Emphasis will be placed on the relationship between individual and culture,
national character, cognition and culture, culture and mental disorders, and
cross cultural considerations of the concept of self. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 16 or consent of instructor. Offered at least once even/ three years.

36 THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF PRIMITIVE RELIGIONS

The course will familiarize the student with the wealth of anthropological
data on the religions and world views developed by primitive peoples. The
functions of primitive religion in regard to the individual, society and various
cultural institutions will be examined. Subjects to be surveyed include myth,
witchcraft, vision quests, spirit possession, the cultural use of dreams and
revitalization movements. Particular emphasis will be given to shamanism,
transcultural religious experience, and the creation of cultural realities
through religions. Both a social scientific and existentialist perspective will
be employed. Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropology 16 or consent of instructor.
Alternate years.

37 THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF AMERICAN INDIANS

An ethnographic survey of native North American Indian and Eskimo
cultures, such as the Iroquois, Plains Indians, Pueblos, Kwakiutl, and
Netsilik. Changes in native lifeways due to European contacts and United
States expansion will be considered. Recent cultural developments among
American Indians will be placed in an anthropological perspective. Offered
at least once even/ three years.

38 LEGAL AND POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

The course is designed to familiarize the student with the techniques of
conflict resolution and the utilization of public power in primitive society as
well as the various theories of primitive law and government. The rise of the
state and an anthropological perspective on modern law and government
will be included. The concepts of self-regulation and social control, legit-

113

imacy, coercion, and exploitation will be the organizing focus. Prerequisite:
Sociology- Anthropology 16 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

39 THE AMERICAN PRISON SYSTEM

Nature and history of punishment, evolution of the prison and prison
methods with emphasis on prison community, prison architecture, institu-
tional programs, inmate rights and sentences. Review of punishment vs.
treatment, detention facilities, jails, reformatories, prison organization and
administration, custody and discipline. Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology
15.

41 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

An analysis of the nature of stratification systems, with special reference to
American social structure. Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10 or consent of
instructor. Alternate years.

42 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL WORK

Consideration of basic social work concepts, principles and techniques of
interviewing, individual case work, group work, and community organiza-
tion, development of skills and techniques of social work applied to the
correctional setting. Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropology 10 or consent of instruc-
tor.

43 ALTERNATIVE LIFE STYLES

Analysis of new life styles in American Society: life styles of minority groups
and others who are considered by society to be nonconforming. Examination
of the challenges to conformity and ramifications of nonconformity in
American Society. Will include an inquiry into behavior which has historical-
ly been labeled deviant covering such topics as: mental illness, addiction to
alcohol and narcotics, homosexuality, and prostitution. Prerequisite:
Sociology-Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

44 SOCIAL THEORY

The history of the development of sociological thought from its earliest
philosophical beginnings is treated through discussions and reports. Em-
phasis is placed upon sociological thought since the time of Comte.
Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

45 ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY

The history of the development of anthropological thought from the
eighteenth century to the present. Emphasis is placed upon anthropological
thought since 1850. Topics include evolutionism, historical- particularism,
cultural idealism, cultural materialism, functionalism, structuralism and
ethnoscience. Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropology 16 or consent of instructor.
Offered at least once even/ three years.

47 RESEARCH METHODS IN SOCIOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY

Study of the research process in sociology and anthropology, including
formation of research design (theory, methodology, and techniques), and

114

practical application in the investigation of a research problem. Prerequisite:
Mathematics 13 and Sociology -Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

48-49 PRACTICUM IN SOCIOLOGY

Introduces the student to a practical work experience involving community
agencies in order to effect a synthesis of the student's academic course work
and its practical applications in a community agency. Specifics of the course
to be worked out in conjunction with department, student and agency.
Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in Sociology-Anthropology typically work off-campus with social
service agencies under the supervision of administrators. However, other
internship experiences such as with the Lycoming County Historical
Museum are available.

Interns in criminal justice work off-campus in criminal justice agencies
such as penal institutions and probation and parole departments under the
supervision of administrative personnel.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Typical examples of recent studies in Sociology-Anthropology are American
Indian world views and religions and program evaluation in the human
services area. Recent studies in the criminal justice area are the status of
women in the criminal justice system and model correctional legislation and
standards.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)

THEATRE

Professor: Falk (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Dartt

The major consists of eight courses, except Theatre 1, wth a concentration in
Acting, Directing, or Design. The Fine Arts requirement may be satisfied by
selecting any two courses, except Theatre 1. In addition to the departmental
requirements, majors are urged to include courses in Art, Music, Psychology, and
English.

1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

The dynamics of oral communication. The development of elementary
principles of simple oral communication through lectures, prepared assign-
ments in speaking, and informal class exercises. Utilizes video tape se-
quences for "instant feedback" to students.

10 INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE

Designed as a comprehensive introduction to the aesthetics of theatre. From
the spectator's point of view, the nature of theatre will be explored including
dramatic literature and the integrated functioning of acting, directing, and
all production aspects.

115

11 INTRODUCTION TO FILM

A basic course in understanding the film medium. The class will investigate
film technique through lectures and by viewing regular weekly films chosen
from classic, contemporary, and experimental short films.

12 HISTORY OF THEATRE I

A detailed study of the development of theatre from the Greeks to the
Restoration. Alternate years.

13 HISTORY OF THEATRE II

The history of the theatre from 1660. Alternate years.

14 ORAL INTERPRETATION OF LITERATURE

The fundamental principles and methods of oral reading and the interpreta-
tion of literature are introduced. Materials will be chosen from poetry, prose,
the novel, and drama. Alternate years.

15 PLAYWRITING AND DRAMATIC CRITICISM

An investigation of the techniques of playwriting with an emphasis on
creative writing, culminating in a written one-act play, plus an historical
survey of dramatic criticism from Aristotle to the present, with emphasis
upon developing the student's ability to write reviews and criticism of
theatrical productions and films. Alternate years.

18 PLAY PRODUCTION FOR COMMUNITY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Stagecraft and the various other aspects of play production are introduced.
Through material presented in the course and laboratory work on the Arena
Theatre stage, the student will acquire experience to produce theatrical
scenery for community and secondary school theatre.

24 INTRODUCTION TO ACTING

An introductory study of the actor's preparation, with emphasis on
developing the actor's creative imagination through improvisations and
scene study.

26 INTRODUCTION TO DIRECTING

An introductory study of the function of the director in preparation,
rehearsal, and performance. Emphasis is placed on developing the student's
ability to analyze scripts and on the development of the student's imagina-
tion.

28 INTRODUCTION TO SCENE DESIGN AND STAGECRAFT

An introduction to the theatre with an emphasis on stagecraft. The
productions each semester serve as the laboratory to provide the practical
experience necessary to understand the material presented in the classroom.

116

29 MARIONETTE PRODUCTION

Introduces the construction, costuming, and performing of a play through
the medium of string puppets. Alternate years.

31 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES OF PLAY PRODUCTION

A detailed consideration of the interrelated problems and techniques of play
analysis, production styles, and design. Offered summer only.

34 INTERMEDIATE STUDIO: ACTING

Instruction and practice in character analysis and projection, with emphasis
on vocal and body techniques.

35 THEORIES OF THE MODERN THEATRE

An advanced course exploring the philosophical roots of the modern theatre
from the birth of realism to the present, and the influences on modern theatre
practice. Selected readings from Nietzsche, Marx, Jung, Freud, Whitehead,
Kierkegaard, Sartre, Camus, as well as Antoine, Copeau, Stanislavski,
Shaw, Meyerhold, Artaud, Brecht, Brook, Grotowski. Alternate years.

36 INTERMEDIATE STUDIO: DIRECTING

Emphasis is placed on the student's ability to function in preparation and
rehearsal. Practical experience involves the directing of two one-act plays
from the contemporary theatre.

38 INTERMEDIATE STUDIO: SCENE AND LIGHTING DESIGN

The theory of stage and lighting design with emphasis on their practical
application to the theatre.

40 MASTERS OF WORLD DRAMA

An intensive and detailed analysis of the plays, and related works, including
criticism of great authors, that have shaped world theatre. Authors to be
selected on the basis of interest of students and faculty. At times, more than
one author will be treated in a term. Ibsen, Brecht, Moliere, Williams, Albee.
Alternate years. May be accepted toward English major with consent of English
Department.

42 ADVANCED STUDIO: COSTUME DESIGN

The theory of costuming for the stage, elements of design, planning,
production, and construction of costumes for the theatre. Students will
participate in the design of a production.

43 ADVANCED STUDIO: PROPERTIES DESIGN

The theory of properties design for the stage including the production of
specific properties for staging use. Elements of design, fabrication, and the
construction of properties employing a variety of materials and the applica-
tion of new theatrical technology.

117

44 ADVANCED STUDIO: ACTING

Preparation of monologues and two-character scenes, contemporary and
classical. The student will appear in major campus productions.

46 ADVANCED STUDIO: DIRECTING

Emphasis will be placed on the student's ability to produce a major three-
act play from the script to the stage for public performance.

48 ADVANCED STUDIO: DESIGN

Independent work in conceptual and practical design. The student will
design one full production as his major project.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in theatre work off-campus in such theatres as the Guthrie Theatre,
Minneapolis, and the New Jersey Shakespeare Festival.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Some recent independent studies have been the roles of women as characters
in drama, scene design and lighting design for an Arena production.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)
A typical study could be the writing and production of an original play.

COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS

Lycoming has developed several cooperative programs in order to provide
students with opportunities to extend their knowledge, abilities, and talents in
selected areas through access to the specialized academic programs and facilities
of other colleges, universities, academies, and hospitals. Although thorough
advisement and curricular planning are provided for each of the cooperative
programs, admission to Lycoming and registration in the program of choice does
not guarantee students admission to the cooperating institution. The prerogative
of admitting students to the cooperative aspect of the program rests with the
cooperating institution. Students who are interested in a cooperative program
should contact the coordinator during the first week of the first semester of their
enrollment at Lycoming in order to plan their course programs in a manner that
will insure completion of required courses according to the schedule stipulated
for the program. All cooperative programs require special coordination of course
scheduling at Lycoming.

Drama — Lycoming's affiliation with the American Academy of Dramatic
Arts provides for advanced standing status at the Academy for a Lycoming
graduate who is recommended by the Lycoming Theatre faculty and admitted to
the Academy. An Academy graduate who is recommended by the faculty of the
Academy and who has successfully completed two years of study at an accredited
college or university may earn a bachelor of arts degree at Lycoming by working
two summers with The Arena Theatre and completing two consecutive semesters
of course work during the regular academic year. Summer course work may be
required in individual cases.

Engineering — Combining the advantages of a liberal arts education and the
technical training of an engineering curriculum, this program is offered in
conjunction with Bucknell University and The Pennsylvania State University.
Students complete three years of study at Lycoming and two years at the
cooperating university. Upon satisfactory completion of the first year of engineer-
ing studies, Lycoming awards the bachelor of arts degree. When students
successfully complete the second year of engineering studies, the cooperating
university awards the bachelor of science degree in engineering.

At Lycoming, students complete the distribution program and courses in
physics, mathematics, and chemistry. Engineering specialities offered at Bucknell
University include chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical, whereas The
Pennsylvania State University offers aeronautical, civil, electrical, industrial,
mechanical and sanitary engineering.

Forestry or Environmental Studies — Lycoming College offers a cooperative
program with Duke University in environmental management and forestry.
Qualified students can earn the bachelor's and master's degrees in five years,
spending three years at Lycoming and two years at Duke. All Lycoming
distribution and major requirements must be completed by the end of the junior
year. At the end of the first year at Duke, the B.A. degree will be awarded by
Lycoming. Duke will award the professional degree of Master of Forestry or
Master of Environmental Management to qualified candidates at the end of the
second year.

The major program emphases at Duke are forest resource production,
resource science, and resource policy and economics; however, the program is
flexible enough to accommodate a variety of individual designs. An under-
graduate major in one of the natural sciences, social sciences, or business may
provide good preparation for the programs at Duke, but a student with any
undergraduate concentration will be considered for admission. All students need
at least two courses each in biology, mathematics, and economics.

119

Students begin the program at Duke in August following their junior year
at Lycoming with a one-month session of field work in natural resource
measurements, and must complete a total of 60 units which generally takes four
semesters.

Some students prefer to complete the bachelor's degree before undertaking
graduate study at Duke. The master's degree requirements for these students are
the same as those for students entering after the junior year, but the 60-unit
requirement may be reduced for completed relevant undergraduate work of
satisfactory quality. All credit reductions are determined individually and
consider the student's educational background and objectives.

Medical Technology — Students desiring a career in medical technology may
either complete a bachelor of arts program followed by a clinical internship at any
American Medical Association accredited hospital or they may complete the
cooperative program. Students electing the cooperative program normally study
for three years at Lycoming, during which time they complete 24 unit courses,
including the college distribution requirements, a major, and requirements of the
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS). The
current requirements of the NAACLS are as follows: four courses in chemistry
(one of which must be either organic or biochemistry); four courses in biology (one
of which must be microbiology); and one course in mathematics.

Students in the cooperative program usually major in biology, following a
modified major of six unit courses that exempts them from Ecology (Biology 24)
and Plant Sciences (Biology 25). Students must take either Animal Physiology
(Biology 23) or Cell Physiology (Biology 35). The cooperative program requires
successful completion of a one-year internship at an American Medical Associa-
tion accredited hospital. Lycoming is affiliated with the following accredited
hospitals: Williamsport, Divine Providence, Robert Packer, Lancaster, and
Abington. Students in the cooperative program receive credit at Lycoming for
each of eight unit courses in biology and chemistry successfully completed during
the clinical internship. Successful completion of the Registry Examination is not
considered a graduation requirement at Lycoming College.

Students entering a clinical internship for one year following graduation
from Lycoming must complete all of the requirements of the cooperative
program, but are not eligible for the biology major exemptions indicated above.
Upon graduation, such students may apply for admission to a clinical program
at any hospital.

Podiatry — Students interested in podiatry may either seek admission to a
college of podiatric medicine upon completion of the bachelor of arts degree or
through the Accelerated Podiatric Medical Education Curriculum Program
(APMEC). The latter program provides an opportunity for students to qualify for
admission to the Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine (PCPM) after three
years of study at Lycoming. At Lycoming, students in the APMEC program must
successfully complete 24 unit courses, including the distribution program and a
basic foundation in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. During the
first year of study at PCPM, students must successfully complete the equivalent
of 48 semester hours of basic science courses in addition to a program in
introduction to podiatry. Successful completion of the first year of professional
training will contribute toward the fulfillment of the course requirements for the
bachelor of arts degree at Lycoming.

Reserve Officers Training Corps Program (R.O.T.C.)— The program pro-
vides a voluntary opportunity for Lycoming students to enroll on a non-credit
basis in the Bucknell University R.O.T.C. unit. Lycoming notes enrollment in and
successful completion of the program on student transcripts. Military Science is

120

a four-year program divided into a basic course given during the freshman and
sophomore years and an advanced course given during the junior and senior
years. Students who have not completed the basic course may qualify for the
advanced course bv completing summer camp between the sophomore and
junior vears. Students enrolled in the advanced course receive a monthlv stipend
of $100 for up to ten months a year. Students successfully completing the
advanced course and advanced summer camp between the junior and senior
vears will qualify for a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the United States
Armv upon graduation and will incur a service obligation in the active Armv or
Armv Reserves. The onlv expense to the student for this program is the deposit
referred to in Chapter III under "Entry Fee and Deposits."

Student Enrichment Semester — This voluntary program is designed to
expand academic and life opportunities for students and to provide for partici-
pation in specialized programs and courses not available at Lvcoming. Other
members of the program are Bucknell and Susquehanna Universities, the
Williamsport Area Community College, and Bloomsburg, Lock Haven, and
Mansfield State Colleges. Students other than freshmen enroll full time for credit,
normally for one semester or term, at anv participating institution in selected
courses. Students in the program remain fully enrolled as degree candidates at
their home institutions. A special opportunity within the program is the cross-
registration arrangement with the Williamsport Area Communitv College where-
by students may enroll for less than a full-time course load while remaining
enrolled in courses at Lycoming.

Washington, United Nations, and London Semesters — With the consent of
the Political Science Department, selected students are permitted to study in
Washington, D.C. at The American University for one full semester and mav
choose from seven different programs: Washington Semester, Urban Semester,
Foreign Policy Semester, International Development Semester, Economic Policv
Semester, Science and Technology Semester, American Studies Semester.

With the consent of either the Department of History or Political Science,
selected students may enroll at Drew University in Madison, N.J., in the United
Nations Semester, which is designed to provide a first-hand acquaintance with
the world organization. Students with special interests in world history,
international relations, law, and politics are eligible to participate.

The London Semester programs of Drew and The American University
emphasize European history, politics and culture. Interested students participate
with the consent of either the History or Political Science Departments.

Normally the above special semester programs are open only to juniors.

Lycoming College cannot assume responsibility for the health, safety, or welfare of any
student engaged in or en route to or from any off -campus studies or activities which are
not under the exclusive jurisdiction of this institution.

121

CHAPTER VII
COLLEGE DIRECTORY

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

OFFICERS

W. Gibbs McKenney Chairman

Walter J. Heim Vice Chairman

Paul G. Gilmore Secretary

Kenneth E. Himes Treasurer

Fred A. Pennington Chairman Emeritus

HONORARY TRUSTEES

Bishop Hermann W. Kaebnick, D.D., L.H.D., LL.D Hershey

Ralph E. Kelchner Jersey Shore

Arnold A. Phipps, II Williamsport

Mrs. Donald G. Remley Williamsport

George L. Stearns, II Williamsport

The Rev. L. Elbert Wilson, D.D Orlando, FL

TRUSTEES

Terni Expires 1979
Elected

1970 Walter T. Dunston, D.D.S Philadelphia

1951 Paul G. Gilmore Williamsport

1978 Mrs. Robert B. Jones Caledonia, NY

1973 Robert G. Little, M.D Harrisburg

1964 W. Gibbs McKenney, LL.D Baltimore, MD

1973 G . Jackson Miller Altoona

1972 The Rev. Paul E. Myers, D.D Hershey

1958 Fred A. Pennington, LL.D Mechanicsburg

1976 Hon. Kent D. Shelhamer Berwick

1961 The Rev. Wallace F. Stettler, HH.D Kingston

Term Expires 1980

Elected

1974 J . Robert Fahnestock Williamsport

1974 Daniel G. Fultz Pittsford, NY

1974 Mrs. Fred S. Gorman York

1965 James G. Law, D. Text. Sci Bloomsburg

1977 Robert L. Morris, Ph.D Indiana

(Alumni Representative)

1970 John E. Person, Jr Williamsport

1965 Hon. Herman T. Schneebeli Williamsport

1972 Donald E. Shearer, M.D Montoursville

1961 Nathan W. Stuart, J.D Williamsport

1971 Willis W. Willard, III, M.D Hershey

1958 W. Russell Zacharias Allentown

122

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

Term Expires 1981
Elected

1978 Howard C. Beach Sarasota, FL

1969 Samuel H. Evert Bloomsburg

1972 The Rev. Brian A. Fetterman Harrisburg

1965 Walter J. Heim Montoursville

1978 Harold D. Hershberger, Jr Williamsport

1969 Kenneth E. Himes Williamsport

1978 John C. Lundy Williamsport

1978 Ms. Onalee R. Sabin Elmira, NY

(Alumni Representative)

1978 M. L. Sharrah, Ph.D New Canaan, CT

1972 Harold H. Shreckengast, Jr Jenkintown

1967 The Rev. Donald H. Treese, D.D Carlisle

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

FREDERICK E. BLUMER (1976) President

B.A., Millsaps College; B.D., Ph.D., Emon/ University
JAMES R. JOSE (1970) Dean of the College

B.A., Mount Union College; M.A., Ph.D., The American University
KENNETH E. HIMES (1948) Treasurer

B.S., Drexel University; G.S.B., Rutgers University
JACK C. BUCKLE (1957) Dean of Student Services

A.B., Juniata College; M.S., Syracuse University
WILLIAM L. BAKER \l965) Business Manager

B.S., Lycoming College
OLIVER E. HARRIS (1956) Director of Development

A.B., M.S., The Pennsylvania State University
GEORGE P. FLINT (1977) Director of Institutional Relations

A.B., Bowdoin College; A.M., P.D., Columbia University
DALE V. BOWER (1968) Director of Alumni Affairs

B.S., Lycoming College; B.D., United Theological Seminary

RUSSELL A. BLOODGOOD (1969) Manager of Food Service

CLARENCE W. BURCH (1962) Director of Athletics

B.S, M.Ed., University of Pittsburgh
ROBERT L. CURRY, JR. (1972) Assistant in Athletics

A.B., Lycoming College
DEBRA A. D'AGUILLO (1976) Associate Dean of Student Services

B.A., SUNY at Binghamton; M.S., SUNY at Albany;

Ed.S., SUNY at Albany
ROBERT A. DOYLE (1978) Director of Admissions

B.A., Juniata College

ROBERT L. EDDINGER (1967) Director of Buildings & Grounds

THOMAS A. FARMER (1977) Assistant Director of Admissions

A.B., Lycoming College
ROBERT J.GLUNK (1965) Registrar and Assistant to the Dean

A.B., Lycoming College; M.A., The Pennsylvania State University
THOMAS J. HENNINGER (1966) * Director of Computer Services

B.S., Wake Forest College; M. A., University of Kansas
RICHARD A. HUGHES (1970) Chaplain of the College

B.A., Indiana Central College; S.T.B., Ph.D., Boston University
HAROLD H. HUTSON (1969) President Emeritus

B.A., LL.D., Wofford College; B.D., Duke University

Ph.D., University of Chicago; L.H.D., Ohio Wesleyan
DOUGLAS J. KEIPER (1970) Associate Dean of Student Services

A.B., Lycoming College; M.Ed., The Pennsylvania State University
R. ALBION SMITH (1971) Associate Dean of Student Services

B.S., Springfield College; M.S.S., Syracuse University
PATRICIA A. STALGAITIS (1974) Assistant Director of Admissions

A.B., Lycoming College

DOROTHY J. STREETER (1946) Book Store Manager

BETTY JUNE SWANGER (1961) Comptroller

BRUCE L. SWANGER (1968) Director of Public Relations

A.B., Bucknell University
CHARLES E. WEYANT (1971) Director of Library Services

B.A., The American University; M.S., Simmons College
124

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

MEDICAL STAFF

FREDERIC C. LECHNER, M.D College Physician

B.S., Franklin and Marshall College;

M.D., Jefferson Medical College
RICHARD MAYS, M.D Psychiatrist

B.A., The Pennsylvania State University;

M.D., Jefferson Medical College
ROBERT S. YASUI, M.D College Surgeon

M.D., Temple University
RUTH J. BURKET, R.N. ..." College Nurse

Harriot Hospital School of Nursing
EMALINE W. DEIBERT, R.N College Nurse

Williamsport Hospital School of Nursing

UNITED CAMPUS MINISTRY

FREDERICK A. DONAHOE (1977) Chaplain to Lutheran Students

B.S., The Pennsylvania State University;

M.Div., St. Francis Seminary
PETER S. ELY (1978) Chaplain to Baptist Students

B.S., Muhlenberg College; M.Div., Vanderbilt University
JAMES W. GRUBb"(1977) Chaplain to United Methodist Students

A.B., Albright College; M.Div., United Theological Seminary
DAVID L. REED (1977) Chaplain to United Methodist Students

A.B., Lycoming College; M.Div., United Theological Seminary
WILLIAM J. RUMSEY (1978) Chaplain to Presbyterian Students

B.A., Maryville College; M.Div., Pittsburgh Theological Seminary
DERWOOD A. STRUNK, JR. (1977) .. Chaplain to United Methodist Students

A.B., Lycoming College; M.Div., Lancaster Theological Seminary
JOHN J. TAMALIS (1976) Chaplain to Roman Catholic Students

B.S., University of Scran ton

125

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

FACULTY

EMERITI

MABEL K. BAUER Professor Emeritus of Chemistry

B.S., Cornell University; M.S., University of Pennsylvania

DAVID G . BUSEY Associate Professor Emeritus of

Physical Education

B.S., M.S., University of Illinois

LEROY F. DERR Professor Emeritus of Education

A.B., Ursinus College; M.A., Bncknell University

Ed.D., University of Pittsburgh
ROBERT H. EWING Professor Emeritus of History

A.B., College of Wooster; M. A., University of Michigan

HH.D., Lycoming College
W. ARTHUR "FAUS Professor Emeritus of Philosophy

A.B., Dickinson College; S.T.B., Ph.D., Boston University
PHIL G. GILLETTE Associate Professor Emeritus of Spanish

A.B., Ohio University; M.A., Columbia University
JOHN P. GRAHAM Professor Emeritus of English

Ph.B., Dickinson College; M.Ed., The Pennsylvania State University

HAROLD W. HAYDEN Librarian Emeritus

and Professor Emeritus of Library Services

A.B., Nebraska State Teaclters College; B.S., University on Illinois;

M.A. in L.S., University of Michigan
GEORGE W. HOWE Professor Emeritus of Geology

A.B., M.S., Syracuse University; Ph.D., Cornell University
M. RAYMOND JAMISON Assistant Professor Emeritus of Physics

B.S., Ursinus College; M.S., Bucknell University
WALTER G. McIVER Professor Emeritus of Music

Mus.B., Westminster Choir College;

A.B., Bucknell University; M.A., Nezv York University
LORING B. PRIEST Professor Emeritus of History

LITT.B., Rutgers University; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University

DONALD G. REMLEY Assistant Professor Emeritus of

Mathematics and Physics

A.B., Dickinson College; M.A., Columbia University
MARY LANDON RUSSELL Associate Professor Emeritus of Music

Mus.B., Susquehanna University Conservatory of Music;

M.A., The Pennsylvania State University
LOUISE R. SCHAEFFER Associate Professor Emeritus of Education

A.B., Lycoming College; M.A., Bucknell University

D.Ed., The Pennsylvania State University
GEORGE S. SHORTESS Professor Emeritus of Biology

A.B., Johns Hopkins LIniversity; M.A., Columbia University;

Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University
FRANCES K. SKEATH Professor Emeritus of Mathematics

A.B., M.A., Bucknell University

D.Ed., The Pennsylvania State University
JOHN A. STUART ~ Professor Emeritus of English

B.A., William Jewell College; M.A., Ph.D., Northwestern University
HELEN B. WEIDMAN Professor Emeritus of Political Science

A.B., M.A., Bucknell Universih/; Ph.D., Syracuse University

126

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

PROFESSORS

ROBERT F. FALK(1970) Theatre

B.A., B.D., Drew University; M.A., Ph.D., Wayne State University
MORTON A. FINEMAN (1966) Physics

A.B., Indiana University; Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
EDUARDO GUERRA (1960) Religion

B.D., Southern Methodist University;

S.T.M., Ph.D., Union Theological Seminary
JOHN G. HANCOCK (1967) ..." Psychology

B.S., M.S., Bucknell University;

Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University

JOHN G. HOLLENBACK (1952) Business Administration

Marshal of the College

B.S., M.B.A., University of Pennsylvania
JAMES K. HUMMER (1962) Chemistry

B.N.S., Tufts University; M.S., Middlebunj College;

Ph.D., University of North Carolina

JAMES R. JOSE (1970) Dean of the College

Political Science

B.A., Mount Union College; M.A., Ph.D., The America)} University
JACK S. McCRARY (1969) Sociology

B.A., M.A., Southern Methodist University;

Ph.D., Washington University
GLEN E. MORGAN (1961)t Music

B.M., M.M., Ph.D., Indiana University
ROGER W. OPDAHL (1963) Economics

A.B., Hofstra University; M.A., Columbia University;

D.Ed., The Pennsylvania State Universihf
ROBERT W. RABOLD (1955) Economics

B.A., The Pennsylvania State University;

M.A., Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
JOHN A. RADSPINNER (1957) Chemistry

B.S., University of Richmond; M.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute;

D.Sc, Carnegie-Mellon University
O. THOMPSON RHODES (1961) Religion

B.S., University of Cincinnati; B.D., Ph.D., Drew University
LOGAN A. RICHMOND (1954) ' Accounting

B.S., Lycoming College; M.B.A., New York University;

C.P.A. (Pennsylvania)
MARY J. VESTERMARK (1977) Psychology

A.B., Oberlin College; M. A., Stetson University;

Ph.D., University of Nortli Carolina at Chapel Hill

X On Leave Academic Year 1978-79

127

COLLEGE DIRECTORY
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS

ROBERT B. ANGSTADT (1967) Biology

B.S., Ursinus College; M.S., Ph.D., Cornell University
MYRNA A. BARNES (1959) Library Services

A.B., University of California at Los Angeles;

M.S. in L.S., Drexel University
CLARENCE W. BURCH (1962) Physical Education

B.S., M.Ed., University of Pittsburgh
BERNARD P. FLAM (1963) Spanish

A.B., Neiv York University; M.A., Harvard University;

Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
DAVID A. FRANZ (1970) Chemistry

A.B., Princeton University; M. A. T., The Johns Hopkins University;

Ph.D., University of Virginia
CHARLES L. GETCHELL (1967) Mathematics

B.S., University of Massachusetts; M. A., Ph.D., Harvard University
ERNEST D. GIGLIO (1972) Political Science

B.A., Queens College; M.A., The State University

of Nezv York at Albany; Ph.D., Syracuse University
STEPHEN R. GRIFFITH (1970) Philosophy

A.B., Cornell University; M. A., Ph.D., Universih/ of Pittsburgh
DAN D. GUSTAFSON (1971)** English

B.A., Amherst College; M.A., University of California at Berkeley;

Ph.D., University of Nebraska
JOHN R. HUBBARD (1975) Mathematics

A.B., University of Rochester; A.M., Ph.D., Universih/ of Michigan
FORREST E. KEESBURY (1970) Education

B.S., Defiance College; M.A., Bowling Green State University;

Ed.D., Lehigh University
GERTRUDE b/mADDEN (1958) English

A.B., University of Pennsylvania; M. A., Bucknell University
ROBERT J. B. MAPLES (1969) French

A.B., University of Rochester; Ph.D., Yale Universih/
JOHN F. PIPER, JR. (1969) History

A.B., Lafayette College; B.D., Yale University; Ph.D., Duke University
DAVID J. RIFE (1970) English

B.A., University of Florida;

M.A., Ph.D., Southern Illinois University
JAMES W. SHEAFFER (1949) ' Music

B.S., Indiana Universih/ of Pennsylvania;

M.S., University of Pennsylvania
K. BRUCE SHERBINE (1969) Biology

A.B., Gettysburg College; M.S., Temple University;

Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University
ROGER D. SHIPLEY (1967) Art

B.A., Otterbein College; M.F.A., Cranbrook Academy of Art
WILLY SMITH (1966) Physics

M.S.E., Ph.D., University of Michigan
STANLEY T. WILK (1973) Anthropology

B.A., Hunter College; Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh

1 jq ** On Sabbatical Spring Semester 1978-79

COLLEGE DIRECTORY
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS

SUSAN K. BEIDLER (1975) Library Services

B.A., University of Delaware; M.L.S., University of Pittsburgh
HOWARD C. BERTHOLD, JR. (1976) Psychology

B.A., Franklin and Marshall College; M.A., The University of Iowa;

Ph.D., The University of Massachusetts
JON R. BOGLE (1976) Art

B.F.A., B.S., M.F.A., Tyler School of Art, Temple University
JOHN H. CONRAD (1959)' Education

B.S., Mansfield State College; M.A., New York University
GARY E. DARTT (1969) Theatre

B.S., Augustana College; M.F.A., University of Minnesota
JACK D. DIEHL, JR. (1971) Biology

B.S., M.A., Sam Houston State College;

M.S., Ph.D., University of Connecticut
RICHARD R. ERICKSON "(1973) Astronomy and Physics

B.A., University of Minnesota; M.S., Ph.D., University of Chicago
WILLIAM D. FORD (1972) English

B.A., Occidental College; M. A., M.F.A., Ph.D., University of Iowa
ROBERT H. FOREMAN \l976) Mathematics

B.S., Youngstown State University;

M.S., Illinois Institute of Technology
EDWARD G. GABRIEL (1977) Biology

B.A., M.S., Alfred University; Ph.D., The Ohio State University
FRED L. GROGAN (1977) Political Science

A.B., Bates College; M.A., Arizona State University

THOMAS J. HENNINGER (1966) Director of Computer Services

Mathematics

B.S., Wake Forest College; M. A., University of Kansas

OWEN F. HERRING (1965) Philosophy

B.A., Wake Forest College
RICHARD A. HUGHES (1970) Religion

B.A., Indiana Central College; S.T.B., Ph.D., Boston University
EMILY R. JENSEN (1969)* English

B.A., Jamestown College; M.A., University of Denver;

Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University
MOON H. JO (1975)" Sociology

B.A., Valparaiso University; M.A., Howard University;

Ph.D., Neiv York University
DAN O. KING (1977) Biology

B.A., University of South Florida; M. A., Ph.D., Indiana University
ELIZABETH H. KING (1956) Business Administration

B.S., Geneva College; M.Ed., The Pennsylvania State University
ROBERT H. LARSON (1969) History

B.A., The Citadel; M. A., Ph.D., University of Virginia
DIANE M. LESKO (1978) Art

B.A., M.A., Ph.D., SUNY at Binghamton
PAUL A. MacKENZIE (1970) German

A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Boston University
OWEN J. MAHON (1973) Accounting

B.S., M.A., University of Pennsylvania

tOn Leave Academic Year 1978-79

129

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

RICHARD J. MORRIS (1976) History

B.A., Boston State College; M.A., Ohio University;

Ph.D., New York University
NELSON PHILLIPS (1959) Physical Education

B.S., Springfield College
MICHAEL G. ROSKIN (1972) Political Science

A.B., University of California at Berkeley;

M.A., University of California at Los Angeles;

Ph.D., The American University
JULIA M. RUX (1970)*** Sociology

B.A., Hanover College; M.A., Llniversity of Wisconsin;

Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University
KAREN L. SALLEY (1976) Psychology

B.S., Arkansas State University; M. A., Ph.D., University of Arkansas
LARRY R. STRAUSER (1973) .... Sociology

A.B., Lycoming College; M.P.A., University of Arizona
CATHERINE E. STUDIER (1978) Education

B.S., SUNY at Oneonta; Ed.M., Ed.D., University of Georgia
FRED M. THAYER, JR. (1976) Music

A.B., Syracuse University; B.M., Ithaca College;

MM., SUNY of Binghamton; DM. A., Cornell University
H. BRUCE WEAVER (1974) Business Administration

B.B.A., Stetson University; } .D., Vanderbilt University;

M.B.A., Florida Technological University
CHARLES E. WEYANT (1971) * Library Services

B.A., The American Llniversity; M.S., Simmons College
JOHN M. WHELAN, JR. (1971)* Philosophy

B.A., University of Notre Dame;

Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin
BUDD F. WHITEHILL (1957) Physical Education

B.S., Lock Haven State College;

M.Ed., The Pennsylvania State University
ROBERT A. ZACCARIA (1973) Biology

B.A., Bridgewater College; Ph.D., University of Virginia

INSTRUCTORS

DEBORAH J. HOLMES (1976) Physical Education

B.S., The Pennsylvania State University
LOUISE M. STONE (1978) English

B.A., M.A., Llniversity of Michigan

LECTURER

DON M. LARRABEE II (1972) Lecturer in Law

A.B., Franklin and Marshall; LL.B., Fordham University

*On Sabbatical Fall Semester 1978-79
'On Sabbatical Academic Year 1978-79

130

COLLEGE DIRECTORY
PART-TIME INSTRUCTORS

MARY P. BAGGETT (1977) Chemistry

B.A., Regis College; M.A., Wellesley College
JAMES E. LOGUE (1969) English

B.A., M.A., Bucbiell University

MORTON RAUFF (1974) Business Administration

ANITA H. SOMERS (1977) Mathematics

B.S., University of Tennessee; M.S., University of North Carolina
TERRY WILD (1972) Art

B.A., Lycoming College; B.F.A., Art Center College of Design

APPLIED MUSIC TEACHERS

DONALD M. GRIFFITH (1966) Woodwinds

B.S., Mansfield State College;

M.Ed., The Pennsylvania State Llniversity
ROBERT S. MORRISON (1967) * Percussion

B.S. in Music Education, Elizabethtown College
ALBERT J. NACINOVICH (1972) Trumpet

B.S. in Music Education, Mansfield State College;

M.S. in Music Education, Ithaca College

JUANITA M. SERANG (1975) Violin

IRENE PECKHAM VELEY (1968) Piano

B.M., Curtis Institute of Music

k

131

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTS

Louise S. Banks Periodicals Assistant in Library

Betty S. Beck Assistant Bookstore Manager

Emily C. Biichle Secretary to the Treasurer

Pauline M. Brungard Student Loan Coordinator

B.S., Lycoming College

Shirley M . Campbell Assistant in Treasurer's Office

Marie A. Compton Secretary, Student Services

Richard Cowher Office Services Coordinator

Elizabeth G. Cowles Career Development Secretary

Constance B. Dow den Faculty Secretary

Deborah A. Eisemann Secretary to Coaches

June L. Evans Secretary in Education Office

Irene Everdale Secretary to Director of Buildings

and Grounds

S. Jean Gair Faculty Secretary

Mary A. Gardner Secretary to Athletic Director

Anne S. Gibbon Faculty Secretary

Kitty S. Glosser Secretary to Director of Admissions

Esther Good Supervisor of Housekeeping

Ralph W. Hellan Computer Operations Programmer

A.B., Lycoming College

Helen C. Heller Secretary to the Registrar

Isabel G. Hess Library Assistant

Bernadine G. Hileman Bulk Mailing Coordinator

Phyllis M. Holmes Secretary to the President

Dee A. Horn Secretary to Business Manager/Student

Aid Director

Naomi E. Kepner Switchboard Operator

JoAnn McFadden Secretary in Admissions Office

Vivian Meikrantz Secretary to the Dean of the College

Hannah Moriarity Secretary to the Director of Alumni Affairs

Marilyn Mullings Faculty Secretary

Phyllis B. Myers Records Clerk

Marion R. Nyman Cashier/Bookkeeper

Esther Parent Computer Center Secretary

Betty J. Paris Secretary to Directors of Development

A.B., Lycoming College and Institutional Relations

Marian L. Rubendall Secretary to Dean of Student Services

Harriet H. Storms Secretary to the Librarian

and Audio- Visual Coordinator

Patricia J. Triaca Cataloging Assistant in Library

Helen I. Vincent Library Assistant

June Wagner Faculty Secretary

Loretta M. Whipkey Secretary to Director of Public Relations

Margaret Wise Secretary in Admissions Office

Cheryl A. Yearick Library Assistant

132

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

The Alumni Association of Lycoming College has a membership of over eight
thousand men and women. It is governed by an Executive Board consisting of
four officers and twenty-one members-at-large, elected through mail ballot by the
membership of the Association. The board also has forty-two members represent-
ing specific geographic areas of alumni concentration, the senior class president,
the student body president, and a representative of the last graduating class. The
Association annually nominates one alumni representative for a three-year term
on the College Board of Trustees. The Director of Alumni Affairs directs the
activities of the Alumni Office.

The Alumni Association has the following purpose as stated in its constitu-
tion: "As an off-campus constituency, the Association's purpose is to seek ways
of maintaining an active and mutually beneficial relationshp between the college
and its alumni, utilizing their talents, resources and counsel to futher the objective
and program of Lycoming College."

All former students of Williamsport Dickinson Seminary and all former
students who have successfully completed one year of study at Williamsport
Dickinson Junior College or Lycoming College shall be members of the Associa-
tion. Any person who leaves Lycoming College after successfully completing one
year and re-enters as a student within four years of his/her initial matriculation,
shall not be a member of the Alumni Association while enrolled as a student at
Lycoming College.

Acting as the representative of alumni on the campus, and working also with
undergraduates, the Alumni office aids in keeping alumni informed and
interested in the program, growth, and activities of the college through regular
publications mailed to all Alumni on record. Arrangements for Homecoming,
Alumni Day, Class Reunions, club meetings and similar activities are coordinated
through this office. The Alumni Association promotes group travel programs,
supplies back-year class rings, sells water colors of the campus and sells alumni
chairs.

Through The Lycoming College Fund, the alumni office is closely associated
with the development program of the college. Lycoming College holds member-
ship in the Council for Advancement and Support of Education. Communications
to the Alumni Association should be addressed to the Alumni Office.

EXECUTIVE BOARD

President— Mr. John B. Ernst '58—211 Belmont Ave., Doylestown, PA 18901
Vice-President for Campus Affairs — Mr. Kent T. Baldwin '64,

929 Grampian Blvd., Williamsport, PA 17701
Vice-President for Regional Affairs — Mr. Ralph Zeigler '70,

815 Third Ave., Williamsport, PA 17701
Secretary — Mrs. David Loomis (Eleanor Layton '60),

R.D. #1, Box 167A, Troy, PA 16947
Last Retiring President — Mr. George Nichols '59,

RD #2, Newton Rd., Clarks Summit, PA 18411

Term Expires (June, 1979)

Mrs. Leo Calistri (Judith Fry '56), 310 Fayette Drive, Fayetteville, NY 13066
Mrs. James Chilton (Susan Strohmenger '69),

R.D. #1, Box 92A, Clarks Summit, PA 18411
Dr. Thomas Gallen, Jr. '65, 58 N. Main Street, Sherborn, MA 01770

133

COLLEGE DIRECTORY

Mr. Richard H. Lloyd '59, 209 Feigles Road, Muncy, PA 17756
Mrs. William R. Sandmeyer (Dorothy Ferrell '43 & '63),

47 Houston Ave., Montgomery, PA 17752
Mr. Barnard C. Taylor, II '65, 138 South Third St., Lewisburg, PA 17837

Term Expires (June, 1980)

Miss Debra Crabbe '76, P.O. Box 28150, Philadelphia, PA 19131

Dr. Ray D. Fravel '58, 11 E. Union St., Canton, PA 17724

Mr. Seth D. Keller '65, 149 Huffman Ave., Williamsport, PA 17701

Mrs. Frances Gleason Levegood '52, 214 Kendall Ave., Jersey Shore, PA 17740

Rev. David L. Phillips '63, 1200 Lancaster Ave., Syracuse, NY 13210

Mr. Carl E. Snyder '69, R.D. #3, Box 39, Cogan Station, PA 17728

Miss Ona R. Weimer '49, Box 225, Woolrich, PA 17779

Term Expires (June, 1981)

Rev. H. Emerson Abram '53, Hillcrest Road, Newtown Square, PA 19073
Mr. N. Mark Achenbach '58, 2156 Prospect St., Penfield, NY 14526
Mrs. Barry L. Boyer (Nancy Snyder '64),

2901 Orchard Ave., R.D. #3, Montoursville, PA 17754
Mr. Andrew J. Fedore '77, 710 Prospect Street, Portage, PA 15946
Miss Doris T. Heller '54, 716 Grampian Blvd., Williamsport, PA 17701
Dr. Hess S. Wertz, Jr. '62, 1195 Sheridan Street, Williamsport, PA 17701
Rev. Jay E. Zimmerman '74, R.D. #3, Box 111, Tyrone, PA 16686

Members of the Board Serving a One-Year Term

Student Association of Lycoming College, President — David G. Argall '80

Senior Class President — Kim D. Kramer '79

Representative to the Class of 1978 — Miss Kimberly L. Martin '78,

185 Carverton Road, Trucksville, PA 18708

Alumni Representative to Lycoming College Board of Trustees

1979— Mrs. Marjorie Ferrell Jones '50, 298 Park Place, Caledonia, NY 14423

1980— Dr. Robert L. Morris '55, 545 Oak Street, Indiana, PA 15701

1981— Mrs. Onalee R. (Barton '62) Sabin, 513 W. Gray Street, Elmira, NY 14905

134

COMMUNICATION WITH THE COLLEGE

This document contains pertinent information about the college, its philosophy,
programs, policies, regulations, and offerings. All students and prospective
students are urged to read it carefully and completely.

Inquiries of a specific nature should be addressed as follows:

Director of Admissions:

Admission to the freshman class.
Admission with advanced standing.
Re-entry of students to Lycoming College.
Request for catalogs.

Treasurer:

Payment of college bills.
Inquiries concerning expenses.

Director of Student Aid:

Scholarships and loan funds for students in college.
Financial assistance for entering students.

Dean of the College:

Information about faculty and facultv activities.
Academic work of students in college.

Dean of Student Services:

Questions or problems concerning student's health.
Residence and campus regulations.

Registrar:

Requests for transcripts.
Notices of withdrawal.

Career Development Center:
Career Counseling.
Employment while in college.
Employment upon graduation.

Director of Development

Annual Fund and college publications.

Director of Institutional Relations

Capital campaigns and deferred gifts.

Director of Alumni Affairs

Director of Public Relations

Address: LYCOMING COLLEGE, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701
Telehone: 326-1951, Area Code 717

ALL OF THE PROVISIONS IN THIS CATALOG ARE EFFECTIVE JUNE 1, 1978

Lycoming College reserves the right to make any necessary changes in the academic calendar, charges,
courses or any other section of this catalog.

135

ACADEMIC CALENDAR— 1978-1979

August

27
28
29

September

4

5

12

October

6, 7, 8
10

17

Sunday
Monday
Tuesday

Monday
Tuesday

Tuesday

Fri., Sat., Sun.
Tuesday

Tuesday

27, 28, 29

Fri., Sat., Sun

November

13-17

Mon.-Fri.

17

Friday

18

Saturday

27

Monday

December

15

Friday

16

Saturday

January

7

Sunday

8

Monday

9

Tuesday

12

Friday

19

Friday

136

FALL SEMESTER

- Residence Halls open 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.

- Classes begin 8 a.m.

- Processing of drop/add begins.

- Last day for payment of tuition and fees
without late charge.

- Labor Day Recess. Classes suspended.

- Classes resume 8 a.m.

- Last day for drop/add without instructor's
approval.

- Last day for drop/add — instructor's approval
required for the add.

- Last day to elect audit and
satisfactory/unsatisfactory grades.

- Homecoming Weekend.

- Last day for submission of final grades for
courses for which Incomplete grades were
recorded in Spring, May and Summer terms.

- Mid-Semester Deficiency Reports for
Freshmen due in Registrar's Office at 12
noon.

- Parents' Weekend.

- Preregistration.

- Last day to withdraw from courses with W,
WP, WF grades.

- Thanksgiving Recess and Review Period be-
gins 5 p.m.

- Residence Halls close 10 a.m.

- Classes resume 8 a.m.

- Semester ends 5 p.m.

- Residence Halls close 10 a.m.

SPRING SEMESTER

- Residence Halls open 12 noon.

- Classes begin 8 a.m.

- Processing of drop/add begins.

- Last day for payment of tuition and fees
without late charge.

- Last day for drop/add without instructor's
approval.

- Last day for drop/add — instructor's approval
required for the add.

- Last day to elect audit and
satisfactory/unsatisfactory grades.

February

16

16-17

27

March

2
3

12
27-30

April

6

13

27
28

May

4

May

7
8
11

Friday

Fri., Sat.
Tuesday

Friday
Saturday
Monday
Man. -Fri.

Friday

Friday
Friday
Saturday

Friday
Sunday

Monday
Tuesday
Friday

25

Friday

29

Tuesday

June

1

Friday

June

3
4
8

Sunday
Monday
Friday

29

Friday

- Last day for submission of final grades for
courses for which Incomplete grades were
recorded in the Fall Semester.

- Scholar Weekend.

- Mid-Semester Deficiency Reports for
Freshmen due in Registrar's Office at 12
noon.

Spring Recess begins 5 p.m.
Residence Halls close 10 a.m.
Classes resume 8 a.m.
Preregistration.

Last day to withdraw from courses with W,

WP, WF grades.

Good Friday. Afternoon classes suspended.

Semester ends 5 p.m.

Residence Halls close 10 a.m.

- Residence Halls open 12 noon for partici-
pants in Commencement.

- Commencement.

MAY TERM

- Residence Halls open 10 a.m.

- Classes begin.

- Last day for drop/add — instructor's approval
required for the add.

- Last day to elect audit and
satisfactory/unsatisfactory grades.

- Last day to withdraw from courses with W,
WP, WF grades.

- Memorial Day recess begins 5 p.m.

- Classes resume 8 a.m.

- Term ends. Residence Halls close 9 p.m.
SUMMER TERM

- Residence Halls open 12 noon.

- Classes begin.

- Last day for drop/add — instructor's approval
required for the add.

- Last day to elect audit and
satisfactory/unsatisfactory grades.

- Last day to withdraw from courses with W,
WP, WF grades.

137

July

3
5
13

August

5-7
8-10

Tues. - Independence Day recess begins 5 p.m.

Thurs. - Classes resume 8 a.m.

Friday - Term ends. Residence Halls close 9 p.m.

INTERIM

(Classes are not in session)

Sim. -Tues. - Summer Orientation Group III

Wed.-Fri. - Summer Orientation Group IV

ACADEMIC CALENDAR 1978-1979

Sun

6
13
20

Won

7

14
21

AUGUST

Tues Wed Thur

1 2 3
8 9 10
15 16 17
22 23 24

Fn

4
11
18
25

Sat

5

12
19
26

Sun

3
10
17
24

Mon

4
11
18
25

SEPTEMBER

Tues Wed Thur Fn

Sat

SIS

5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29

2
9

16
23
30

27

28

29 30 31

Sun

Mon

OCTOBER

Tues Wed Thur

Fn

Sat

Sun

Mon

NOVEMBER

Tues Wed Thur Fn

Sat

1

8

15
22
29

2

9
16
23
30

3 4 5
10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26

6
13
20
27

7

14
21
28

1 2 3

4
11

18
25

5
12

6
13

7 8 9 10
14 15 16 17

19

20

21 22 23 24

31

26

27

28 29 30

Sun

Mon

DECEMBER

Tues Wed Thur

Fn

Sat

Sun

Mon
1

JANUARY

Tues Wed Thur Fn

2 3 4 5

Sat

6

1

8

15

2

9
16
23
30

3
10

4
1t

5 6 7
12 13 14

7

14
21
28

8

15
22
29

9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26

13
20
27

17

18
25

19 20 21
26 27 28

22
29

24

31

30 31

Sun

Mon

FEBRUARY

Tues Wed Thur

Fn

Sat

Sun
4

Mon

5

MARCH

Tues Wed Thur Fn

1 2

6 7 8 9

Sat

3

10

1

2

9

16
23

3
10

17
24

4
11
18
25

5

12
19
26

6 7 8
13 14 15
20 21 22

11

18
25

12
19
26

13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30

17
24
31

27 28

Sun

Mon

APRIL

Tues Wed Thur

Fn

Sat

Sun

6
13
20

Mon

MAY

Tues Wed Thur Fn

12 3 4

Sat

5

1

8

15
22

2

9

16
23

3 4 5

10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26

6

7

13

14

7
14

21

8 9 10 11
15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25

12
19
26

20

27

21
28

29

30

27

28

29 30 31

Sun

Mon

JUNE

Tues Wed Thur

Fn
1

Sat

2

Sun

Mon

JULY

Tues Wed Thur Fn

Sat

1

8

2
9

3 4 5 6
10 11 12 13

7
14

!

4

18
25

5 6 7
12 13 14
19 20 21
26 27 28

8
15
22
29

9
16
23
30

15
22
29

16
23
30

17 18 19 20
24 25 26 27

31

21
28

Q = Fall and Spring Semesters

D = May Term

H = Summer Session

CAMPUS FACILITIES

RESIDENTIAL

1. North Hall (1965) — 146 students in two-room suites with bath.

4. East Hall (1962) — Houses chapters of national fraternities and other students. The fraternity units,

distinct self-contained, provide dormitory facilities, lounge, and a chapter room for each group.
All students share a large social area on the ground floor.

5. Forrest Hall (1968) — 92 students in two-room suites with bath. Honors Dr. and Mrs. Hetcher Bliss

Forrest and Anna Forest Burfiendt '30, the parents and sister of Katherine Forrest Mathers '28
whose generosity established the memorial.

6. Crever Hall (1962) — 126 students in two-room suites with bath. Honors the College's founder and

first financial agent, the Rev. Benjamin H. Crever, who helped persuade the Baltimore Conference
to purchase the institution from the Williamsport Town Council in 1848.

8. Wesley Hall (1956) — 144 students. Honors the Founder of Methodism.

9. Rich Hall (1948) — 105 students in two-room suites with bath. Honors the Rich family of Woolrich,

Pennsylvania. Houses the college health service and the Sara J. Walter non-residents lounge.

11. Asbury Hall (1962) — 154 students. Honors Bishop Francis Asbury, the father of The United Methodist

Church in America, who made the circuit through the upper "Susquehanna District" in 1812, the
year the Williamsport Academy (now Lycoming) opened its doors.

18. Skeath Hall (1965) — 212 students. Honors the late J. Milton Skeath, professor of psychology and four-

time dean of the institution from 1921 to 1967.

ACADEMIC

12-15. The Academic Center (1968)

12. Laboratories and Arena Theatre — Language, business, mathematics, and physics laboratories;

Derwiler Planetarium; 204 seat thrust-stage arena theatre; 90 seat Alumni Lecture Hall.

13. Faculty Office Building — 69 faculty offices, seminar rooms, 735 seat lecture hall.

14. Wendle Hall — Spacious Pennington Lounge is an informal meeting place for students and faculty.

Psychology laboratories, 20 classrooms.

15. Library — Can accommodate 700 students in a variety of study and reading situations, has a capacity

of 250,000 volumes, computer center and photographic laboratories.

2. Art Center (1965) — Studios and art gallery.

3. Fine Arts Building (1940)— Art Studios.

19. Eveland Hall (1912)— Sculpture and art studios.

21. Science Building (1957) — Chemistry and biology lecture rooms, laboratories, offices.

CHAPEL

17. Clarke Chapel (1939) — Worship services and other events in auditorium; classrooms, studios and
music department faculty offices on ground floor.

ADMINISTRATION

10. John W. Long Hall (1951) — College administration offices: President, College Deans, Treasurer,
Registrar, Admissions, Alumni Affairs, Public Relations, Career Development Center, Publica-
tions, Development, and Financial Aid. Reception area, central communications, duplicating and
bulk mail services.

22. Maintenance.

RECREATION

7. Wertz Student Center (1959) — Dining room, Burchfield Lounge, recreation area, game room, music

room, book store, post office, and student organization offices. Honors Bishop D. Frederick Wertz,
president of Lycoming from 1955 until 1968.

16. Gymnasium (1923) — Basketball and other courts, swimming pool, bowling alleys, physical education

offices.

140

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141

INDEX

Academic Advisement 19

Academic Calendar 136-138

Academic Honesty 22

Academic Honors 23

Academic Program 15

Academic Standing 22

Accounting Curriculum 35

Accounting-Mathematics (EIM) 38

Accreditation 5

Administrative Assistants 132

Administrative Staff 124

Admissions 7-8

Admissions Deposit 8, 10

Admissions Office 8

Admission Policy 7

Admission Standards 7

Advanced Placement 22

Advanced Standing bv Transfer 8

Advisory Committees 19

Health Professions 19

Legal Professions 19

Medical Technology 19

Theological Professions 19

Allopathic Medicine, Preparation for . 19

Alumni Association 133-134

American Studies (EIM) 38

Anthropology Curriculum 110

Application Fee and Deposits 10

Application Procedure 7

Applied Music Teachers 13

Art Curriculum 40

Astronomy and Physics Curriculum . 44

Attendance, Class 22

Audit 27

Awards 23

Basic Educational Opportunity

Grants (BEOG) .' 12

Biology Curriculum 49

Board of Trustees 122

Books and Supplies 10

Building Descriptions 140

Business Administration Curriculum . 53

Calendar, Academic 136-138

Campus Map 141

Career Development Services 30

Chemistry Curriculum 56

Christian Ministry, Preparation for ... 19

Class Attendance 22

College and the Church 33

College Directory 122-132

College Level Examination Program

(CLEP) 22

Communication with the College .... 135

Community Scholarships 14

Conduct, Standards of 32

Contents 3

Contingency Deposit 8, 10

Cooperative Programs 119-121

Drama 119

Engineering 119

Environmental Studies 119

Foresty 119

Medical Technology 120

Military Science 120

Podiatry 120

Counseling, Academic 19

Counseling, Personal 29

Course Credit by Examination 22

Course Descriptions 35-121

Criminal Justice (EIM) 59

Curriculum 35-121

Damage Charges 11

Degree Programs 15

Degree Requirements 15

Dental School, Preparation for 19

Departmental Honors 23

Departmental Majors 17

Deposits 9-11

Deposit Refund 8, 10

Discrimination Compliance

Statement 7

Distribution Requirements 15

English 16

Fine Arts 16

Foreign Language 16

History and Social Science 17

Mathematics 16

Natural Science 17

Philosophy 16

Religion 16

Drama, Cooperative Program 119

Early Admission Procedure 7

Economics Curriculum 61

Education Curriculum 64

Education Financing Plans 14

Educational Opportunity Grants .. 12-13
Engineering, Cooperative Program .. 119

English Curriculum 67

English Requirement 16

Entrance Examinations (CEEB) 22

Entry Fees and Deposits 10

Environmental Studies 119

142

Established Interdisciplinary

Major (EIM) .' 18

Expenses 9-11

Faculty 126

Facilities 140

Federal Grants and Loans 12-13

Fees 9-11

Financial Aid 12

Financial Assistance 12

Financial Information 9

Fine Arts Requirements 16

Foreign Language Requirement 16

Foreign Languages and Literatures

Curriculum 72

Forestry, Cooperative Program 119

French Curriculum 72

General Expenses 9

German Curriculum 75

Grading System 20

Graduation Requirements 15

Grants-in-Aid 12-14

Greek Curriculum 77

Handbooks for Students

(Guidepost, Pathfinder,

Residence Halls) 31, 32

Health Professions Careers 19

Health Services 29

Hebrew Curriculum 77

History Curriculum 80

History of the College 5

History Requirement 17

Honor Societies 23

Honors, Academic 23

Honors, Departmental 23

Independent Study 25

Interdisciplinary Majors 18

Established Majors (EIM) 18

Individual Majors (IIM) 18

International Studies (EIM) 85

Internship Program 26

Interviews 8

Legal Professions, Preparation for .... 19

Life Long Learning 27

Literature (EIM) 86

Loans 13-14

Location 5

London Semester 121

Lycoming Experimental Audit

Program (LEAP) 27

Lycoming Scholar Program 25

Major 17

Admission to 17

Departmental 17

Interdisciplinary (EIM, IIM) 18

Mass Communications (EIM) 87

Mathematics Curriculum 90

Mathematics Requirement 16

May Term 26, 137

Medical School, Preparation for 19

Medical History 30

Medical Staff 125

Medical Technology 120

Military Science 120

Ministerial Grants-in-Aid 12

Music Curriculum 94

National Defense Student Loans

(NDSL) 13

Natural Science Requirement 17

Near East Culture and

Archeology (EIM) 97

Non-Payment of Fees Penalty 11

Objectives and Purpose 5

Optometry School, Preparation for ... 19

Orientation 33

Osteopathy School, Preparation for .. 19

Overseas Studies Opportunities 27

Part-time Student Opportunities 27

Lycoming Experimental Audit

Program (LEAP) 27

Regular Audit 27

Special Student

(Part-time for Credit) 27

Payment of Fees 9-11

Payments, Partial 10

Penalty for Non-Payment of Fees 11

Personal Counseling 29

Philosophy Curriculum 97

Philosophy Requirement 16

Physical Education Curriculum 101

Physics Curriculum 44

Placement Services 30

Podiatry, Cooperative Program 120

Political Science Curriculum 101

Principal Aim of the College 5

Psychology Curriculum 105

Purpose and Objectives 5

Quick Look at Lycoming 2

Reading Improvement Course 30

Refunds 10

Registration 19

Regulations (Standards of Conduct) .. 32

Religion Curriculum 107

Religion Requirement 16

Religious Life 33

143

Requirements, Distribution 15

Requirements for Admission 7

Requirements for Graduation 15

Reserve Officer Training Corps

Program (ROTC) 120

Reserve Officer Training Corps

(ROTC) Scholarships 14

Residence 31

Residence Halls 31

Residential 31

Russian Curriculum 77

Scholarships 12

Selection Process 7

Social Science Requirement 17

Sociology- Anthropology

Curriculum 110

Spanish Curriculum 78

Special Features 25

Departmental Honors 23

Independent Study 25

Internship Program 26

London Semester 121

Lycoming Scholar Program 25

May Term 26

Overseas Studies Opportunities .... 27

Student Enrichment Semester 121

United Nations Semester 121

Washington Semester 121

Special Student, Admission as 27

Standards of Admission 7

Standards of Conduct 32

State Grants and Loans 14

Student Activities 33

Student Enrichment Semester

(SES) 121

Student Records 28

Student Services 29

Study Abroad 27

Study Program 30

Summer Session Calendar 137

Supplemental Educational Opportunity

Grants (SEOG) 13

Theatre Curriculum 115

Theological Professions,

Preparation for 19

This is Lycoming 5

Transfer 8

Trustees 122

Unit Course System 20

United Campus Ministry 125

United Nations Semester 121

Veterans, Approval 7

Veterinary School, Preparation for .... 19

Washington Semester 121

Withdrawal from College 10

Withdrawing from Courses 19

Work-Study Grants 13

144