Lycoming College catalog

Catalog 1982-83

LYCOMING COLLEGE

Communicating with Lycoming College

Please address specific inquiries as follows:

Director of Admissions:

Admissions; requests for catalogs and other publications.

Treasurer:

Payment of bills; expenses.

Director of Student Financial Aid:

Scholarships and loan funds; financial assistance.

Dean of the College:

Academic programs; faculty; faculty activities.

Dean of Student Services:

Student activities; residence halls; religious life; health services; academic
support services.

Registrar:
Student records; transcript requests; academic policies.

Career Development Center:

Career counseling; employment opportunities.

Director of Development:

Institutional relations; annual fund; gift programs.

Director of Alumni Affairs:
Alumni information.

Director of Public Relations:

Public information; publications; sports information.

All correspondence should be addressed to:
Lycoming College
Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701-5192

The College telephone number is (717) 326-1951.

Visitors

Lycoming welcomes visitors to the campus. If you would like a guided tour,
call the Office of Admissions before your visit to arrange a mutually conve-
nient time.

Lycoming College welcomes applications from prospective students regardless of age, sex, race,
religion, handicap, finances, national or ethnic origin, or color. Lycoming does not discriminate
on the basis of age, sex, race, religion, handicap, finances, national or ethnic origin, or color in the
administration of any of its policies and programs.

LYCOMING COLLEGE

Catalog 1982-83

Contents

Welcome to Lycoming 3

The Academic Program 5

The Curriculum 20

Student Services 57

Admission 59

Financial Matters 60

Academic Calendar, 1982-1983 63

Directory 64

Index 71

Welcome to Lycoming

Lycoming is an independent,
coeducational college dedicated to
providing the type of learning that
can be used for a lifetime — the
liberal arts and sciences.

Lycoming's academic relevance
derives from its enduring commit-
ment to the value of this type of
education, as offered by a superior
teaching faculty. The College's prin-
cipal aim is to help students develop a
central core of integrated values,

Students who have special interests
not met entirely by a major field can
design their own majors. Or, if they
are interested in teaching, medicine,
law, dentistry, or the ministry, they
can take courses needed to enter their
advanced study.

Students also can study engineer-
ing, forestry or environmental
studies, podiatric medicine, op-
tometry, medical technology, nuclear
medicine technology, and sculpture

skill, information, and strategies
while they learn to communicate,
reason, make decisions, understand,
and use their imagination. This type
of education can lead to productive
and fulfilling lives in many fields
while allowing lifelong growth and
development.

Lycoming awards bachelor of arts
degrees in 29 major fields, a bachelor
of fine arts degree in sculpture, and a
bachelor of science degree in nursing.
The curriculum is challenging. Be-
cause it is built upon the two prin-
ciples of the liberal arts known as
distribution and concentration, it
allows students to study in breadth
and depth.

through cooperative programs
operated by Lycoming with other col-
leges and universities. Or, they can
study abroad or in Harrisburg, Pa.,
Washington, D.C., or New York City
through other off-campus study pro-
grams.

Most students complete their pro-
gram of study in four years, usually
by taking four courses each fall and
spring semester. But students also can
take one course during Lycoming's
May term, or two courses during the
summer term.

Recognizing students' concerns
about careers, Lycoming offers ex-
tensive counseling through the Career
Development Center and advisory

committees for prelaw, prehealth
professions, and premedical students.
The College also operates a wide-
ranging internship program that
allows students to earn academic
credit while working at area
businesses, government offices, and
nonprofit organizations.

Lycoming's ratio of faculty to
students is 15 to one, which means
that most classes are small and there
is abundant opportunity for in-
dividual attention. All faculty
members teach. More than 70 percent
of Lycoming's faculty hold the
highest degrees in their fields from
the nation's outstanding colleges and
universities. And, faculty members
take their advising seriously. They
care about students, and encourage
and guide them so they receive the
education they want.

Nineteen buildings sit on Lycom-
ing's main campus. Most of them
have been built since 1950. The
modern buildings include the eight
residence halls, the library, Arena
Theatre, planetarium, student union,
computer center, electronic-music
studio, photography laboratory, art
gallery, and physical educa-
tion/recreation center. The computer
center opened in 1979; the art gallery
and phys-ed center opened in 1980.

Lycoming houses approximately
900 of its 1,200 students in the
residence halls, which include double
and single rooms. Most students find
the campus friendly and comfortable,
with all of the buildings easy to reach
from anywhere on campus. Students
come from a variety of economic
classes, religious beliefs, and
geographic areas, although most
students call Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, or New York their home.
They work and play together in an at-
mosphere of respect and tolerance.

The College offers a variety of ex-
tracurricular activities. Student
government groups help to plan cam-
pus activities and social events.
Numerous clubs, honor societies,
social fraternities and sororities, the
yearbook and literary magazine, and

the band and widely acclaimed choir
meet other student interests. Students
who like to perform or compete can
act on the Arena Theatre stage or
play on intercollegiate or intramural
sports teams. Intercollegiate
teams for men include football, soc-
cer, basketball, wrestling, tennis,
golf, swimming, and track and field.
Intercollegiate teams for women
include basketball, tennis, field
hockey, swimming, and track and
field.

In addition, students who like hik-
ing, backpacking, skiing, camping,
fishing, hunting, kayaking, spelunk-
ing, and other outdoor sports will
find Lycoming's location ideal.

Lycoming is situated on a slight
prominence near downtown
Williamsport, a small city nestled
along the West Branch of the Sus-
quehanna River in northcentral Penn-
sylvania's rolling hills and valleys.
Yet, the College is only a three or
four hour drive away from

metropolitan centers such as New
York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Syracuse,
Rochester, and the New Jersey shore
points. The Williamsport-metro area
is home to about 75,000 persons.

Lycoming enjoys a relationship
with The United Methodist Church.
It supports the Methodist tradition of
providing an education for persons of
all faiths.

Fully accredited, Lycoming is a
member of the Middle States Associa-
tion of Colleges and Schools, and the
University Senate of The United
Methodist Church. It is a member of
the Association of American Col-
leges, the Pennsylvania Association
of Colleges and Universities, the
Commission for Independent Col-
leges and Universities, the National
Commission on Accrediting, and the
National Association of Schools and
Colleges of The United Methodist
Church.

HISTORY

Lycoming College was founded in
1812 as the Williamsport Academy,
an elementary and secondary school.
Thirty-six years later, the academy
became the Williamsport Dickinson
Seminary under the patronage of The
Methodist Episcopal Church. The
seminary operated as a private board-
ing school until 1929, when a college
curriculum was added and it became
the Williamsport Dickinson Seminary
and Junior College. In 1947, the
junior college became a four-year
degree-granting college of liberal arts
and sciences. It adopted the name
Lycoming, derived from the Indian
word "lacomic," meaning "Great
Stream." The word Lycoming has
been common to northcentral Penn-
sylvania since colonial days.

Academic Program

THE BACHELOR OF ARTS
DEGREE

Lycoming is committed to the princi-
ple that a liberal arts education is the
best hope for an enlightened
citizenry. Consequently, the bachelor
of arts degree is conferred upon the
student who has completed an educa-
tional program incorporating the two
principles of the liberal arts known as
distribution and concentration. The
objective of the distribution principle
is to insure that the student achieves
breadth in learning through the study
of the major dimensions of human in-
quiry: the humanities, the social
sciences, and the natural sciences.
The objective of the concentration
principle is to provide depth of learn-
ing through completion of a program
of study in a given discipline or sub-
ject area known as the major.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE

Every degree candidate is expected to
complete the following requirements
in order to qualify for graduation:

— complete the distribution
program.

— complete a major consisting
of at least eight courses while
achieving a minimum grade
point average of 2.0 in those
courses.

— earn one year of credit in
physical education. All
students must demonstrate
competence in swimming.
(Medical exemptions may be
granted by the College physi-
cian after an examination
and review of the student's
medical history and family
physician's report.)

— pass a minimum of 128
semester hours (32 unit
courses) with a minimum
cumulative average of 2.0.
Additional credits beyond
128 semester hours may be
completed provided the
minimum 2.0 cumulative

average is maintained.

— complete in residence the
final eight courses offered
for the degree at Lycoming.

— satisfy all financial obliga-
tions incurred at the College.

— complete the above re-
quirements within seven
years of continuous enroll-
ment following the date of
matriculation.

All exemptions or waivers of
specific requirements are made by the
Committee on Academic Standing.

THE BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS
DEGREE

The bachelor of fine arts degree is
specifically designed to train profes-
sional artists. The BFA in sculpture is
a synthesis of three diverse forms of
education: a studio art program that
emphasizes the skills and concepts of
the visual language; an appren-
ticeship that takes technical expertise
as the departure point, and the
scholastic method employed in both
art history and the general-education
component.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS
DEGREE

Every BFA degree candidate is ex-
pected to complete the following re-
quirements in order to qualify for
graduation:

— complete the 12-course Art
Department course of study.

— complete the distribution
program.

— complete a total of 32 course
units achieving a minimum
grade point average of 2.0 in
those courses taken within
the College.

— complete one of the field
specialization appren-
ticeships at the Johnson
Atelier Technical Institute of
Sculpture.

— earn one year of credit in
physical education. All

students must demonstrate
competence in swimming.
(Medical exemptions may be
granted by the College physi-
cian after an examination
and review of the student's
medical history and family
physician's report.)
complete in residence the
final eight courses offered
for the degree at Lycoming,
satisfy all financial obliga-
tions incurred at the College,
have a public exhibition of
original art work and make
an oral defense.

THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
NURSING DEGREE

The program of study leading to the
bachelor of science in nursing degree
is designed to prepare men and
women as beginning practitioners of
professional nursing, qualified for
first-level positions in a variety of
health settings or for graduate study
in nursing. Upon satisfactory comple-
tion of the program, a graduate is
eligible to write the State Board of
Nursing examination for licensure as
a registered nurse. The goal of the
program is to develop a liberally
educated and self-directed individual
who is prepared to contribute to the
welfare of the nation through the
practice of professional nursing
which supports the promotion and
restoration of health of individuals
and families in a variety of settings.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
NURSING DEGREE

Every BSN degree candidate is ex-
pected to complete the following re-
quirements in order to qualify for
graduation:

— complete the 13 course major
with a minimum cumulative
average of 2.0, including the
required May term following
the junior year.

— complete the distribution re-
quirement as modified for
the BSN degree.

— complete a minimum of 128
semester hours (32 units)
with a minimum cumulative
average of 2.0.

— earn one year of credit in
physical education. All
students must demonstrate
competence in swimming.
(Medical exemption may be
granted by the College physi-
cian after an examination
and review of the student's
medical history and family
physician's report.)

— complete in residence the
final eight courses offered
for the degree at Lycoming.

— satisfy all financial obliga-
tions incurred at the College.

— complete the degree re-
quirements within a five-year
period after admission to the
nursing major. Candidates
who are unable to meet this
requirement must petition
for an extension.

THE DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM

A course can be used to satisfy only
one distribution requirement.
Courses for which a grade of "S" is
recorded may not be used toward the
fulfillment of the distribution re-
quirements. (Refer to page 9 for
an explanation of the grading
system.) A course in any of the
following distribution requirements
refers to a full-unit (four semester
hours) course taken at Lycoming, any
appropriate combination of frac-
tional unit courses taken at Lycoming
which accumulate to four semester
hours, or any single course of three or
more semester hours transferred from
another institution.

English — All students are required
to pass English 2 and one other
English course, excluding English 1.
English 2 should be taken during the
freshman year and must be taken no
later than the second semester (usual-

ly the spring semester) of the
sophomore year. In addition, all
students who have not been exempted
from English 1 must receive a mark
of "Satisfactory" in English 1 before
being permitted to enroll in English 2.
Students are placed in English 1 or 2
on the basis of their performance on
the Achievement Examination in
English Composition.

Foreign Language or Mathematics

— Students are required to meet a
minimum basic requirement in either
a foreign language or the
mathematical sciences.

Foreign Language. Students may
choose from among French, German,
Greek, Hebrew, or Spanish and are
required to pass two courses on the
intermediate or higher course level.
Placement at the appropriate course
level will be determined by the faculty
of the Department of Foreign
Languages and Literatures. Students
who have completed two or more
years of a given language in high
school are not admitted for credit to
the elementary course in the same
foreign language except by written
permission of the chairman of the
department. French 28 and Spanish
28 will meet part of this requirement
only if the section taught in the
language is completed.

Mathematics. Students are re-
quired to demonstrate competence in
basic algebra and to pass three units
of mathematical science other than
Mathematics 5. Competence in basic
algebra may be demonstrated either
by passing the basic algebra section of
the Mathematics Placement Ex-
amination or by passing Mathematics
5. By demonstrating higher com-
petence on the Mathematics Place-
ment Examination, students may
reduce the requirement to two units
of mathematical science. No more
than I '/' units may be taken in com-
puter science.

Religion or Philosophy — Students
are required to pass two courses in

either religion or philosophy. Any
two religion courses may be used to

fulfill the philosophy/religion
distribution requirement, with this
exception: only one course from the
combination Religion 20-21 may be
selected for distribution.

Fine Arts — Students are required
to pass two courses as indicated in
art, literature, music, or theatre.

Art. Any two courses.

Literature. Any two literature
courses selected from the offerings of
the Departments of English and
Foreign Languages and Literatures
(French, German, or Spanish).

Music. Any of the following com-
binations of music offerings totaling
the equivalent of eight semester
hours:

— two courses from those
numbered Music 10 through
Music 46.

— eight semesters of applied
music (private lessons) and /
or ensemble (choir, band)
from courses numbered 60
through 69, earned frac-
tionally as follows:

— (1) for private lessons (Music
60 through 66), a one-half
hour lesson per week earns
one-half hour of credit; a
one-hour lesson earns one
hour of credit. Note: There
are extra fees for these
lessons. (For details see
Department of Music course
offerings described elsewhere
in this catalog.)

— (2) credit may be earned for
participation in the College
choir (Music 68) and / or
band (Music 69); however, a
student may earn no more
than one hour each semester
even though participating in
both band and choir. (For
further details, please see the
Department of Music offer-
ings elsewhere in this
catalog.)

Theatre. The fine arts distribution
requirement may be satisfied by selec-
ting any two of the following recom-
mended courses: Theatre 10, 11, 14,

18, 32, 33, or other courses with the
consent of the instructor.

Natural Science — Students are re-
quired to pass any two courses in one
of the following disciplines:
astronomy / physics, biology, chem-
istry.

History and Social Science —

Students are required to pass two
courses as indicated in economics,
history, political science, psychology,
or sociology / anthropology.

Economics. Any two courses.

History. Any two courses.

Political Science. Any two courses.

Psychology. Any two courses.

Sociology / Anthropology.
Sociology / Anthropology 10 plus
another course.

THE MAJOR

Students are required to complete a
series of courses in one departmental
or interdisciplinary (established or in-
dividual) major. Specific course re-
quirements for each major offered by
the College are listed in the cur-
riculum section of this catalog.
Students must earn a 2.0 or higher
grade-point average in those courses
stipulated as comprising the major.
(This requirement is not met by
averaging the grades for all courses
completed in the major department.)
Students must declare a major by the
beginning of their junior year.
Departmental and established inter-
disciplinary majors are declared in
the Office of the Registrar, whereas
individual interdisciplinary majors
must be approved by the Committee
on Curriculum Development.
Students may complete more than
one major, each of which will be
recorded on the transcript. Students
may be removed from major status if
they are not making satisfactory pro-
gress in the major. This action is
taken by the Dean of the College
upon the recommendation of the
department, coordinating committee
(for established interdisciplinary ma-
jors), or Curriculum Development

Committee (for individual inter-
disciplinary majors). The decision of
the Dean of the College may be ap-
pealed to the Academic Standing
Committee by the student involved or
the recommending department or
committee.

Departmental Majors — Depart-
mental majors are available in the
following areas:

Accounting

Art

Astronomy

Biology

Business

Administration
Chemistry
Computer Science
Economics
English
Foreign
Languages and

Literatures

French,

German,

Spanish
History
Mathematics
Music
Nursing
Philosophy
Physics

Political Science
Psychology
Religion
Sociology /

Anthropology
Theatre

Established Interdisciplinary Majors

— The following established inter-
disciplinary majors include course
work in two or more departments:

Accounting-
Mathematical
Sciences

American
Studies

Criminal
Justice

International

Studies
Literature
Mass

Communications
Near East Culture

and Archaeology

Individual Interdisciplinary Majors

— Students may design a major
which is unique to their needs and ob-
jectives and which combines course
work in more than one department.
This major is developed in consulta-
tion with the student's faculty adviser
and with a panel of faculty members
from each of the sponsoring depart-
ments. The application is acted upon
by the Curriculum Development
Committee. The major normally con-
sists of 10 courses beyond those taken
to satisfy the distribution re-

quirements. Students are expected to
complete at least six courses at the
junior or senior level. Examples of in-
dividual interdisciplinary majors are
Racial and Cultural Minorities, Il-
lustration in the Print Medium, En-
viornmental Law, Advertising,
Human Behavior, and Images of
Man.

Major in Sculpture Leading to
Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree —

Through a cooperative program with
the Johnson Atelier Technical In-
stitute of Sculpture, Princeton, New
Jersey, students may earn a BFA
degree in sculpture. The major con-
sists of a core academic program, a
course of study in art, elective
courses, and an apprenticeship at the
Johnson Atelier.

THE MINOR

The College awards a minor in
recognition of concentrated work in
an area other than a student's major.
The requirements for a minor vary
from department to department and
students interested in pursuing a
minor in a department should consult
that department for its policy regard-
ing minors.

The minor must be approved and
named appropriately by a major-
granting department subject to the
following limitations:

— a minor must consist of a
minimum of four unit courses
selected from among the
courses that are offered by one
department.

— a major department may
count no more than two
elementary courses as part of a
minor.

— if a major department counts
an elementary course as part
of the minor, then the minor
must consist of at least five
courses; if the major depart-
ment counts two elementary
courses as part of the minor,
then the minor must consist of
at least six courses.

— no course which is counted as
part of a student's major may
be counted as part of his
minor.

— only one of the four courses
may be numbered 50 or above.

— no student with two majors
may receive a minor.

— no student may receive two
minors.

— a student's minor must be in
an area different from his ma-
jor and a student may not
receive a minor from his major
department unless his major
department is foreign
languages or mathematical
sciences.

— A student may not receive a
minor unless his average in the
courses which a department
counts for his minor is a
minimum of 2.0.

Students must declare their intention
to minor in a department by signing a
form available from the department's
chairperson. The name of the minor a
student receives will be noted on the
student's transcript.

ACADEMIC ADVISEMENT

One advantage of a small college is
the rich experience gained by the close
association of students and faculty.
The advisement program at Lycom-
ing enables students to discuss
academic and other problems as well
as opportunities with faculty ad-
visers, instructors, and the staffs of
the Dean of the College and the Dean
of Student Services.

During the summer orientation,
freshmen are assigned a faculty ad-
viser who is prepared to assist new
students with the challenges of an un-
familiar social and academic environ-
ment. All students are required to
have a faculty adviser. When students
have declared a major, they are then
assigned an adviser from within the
major department or program.

Although the advisement program
is an important part of the Lycoming

academic experience, students are ex-
pected to accept full responsibility for
their academic programs, including
satisfactory completion of program
and College-wide requirements.

Special advising for selected pro-
fessions is provided by the health,
legal, and theological professions ad-
visory committees. Students in-
terested in these professions should
register with the appropriate commit-
tee during their first semester of
enrollment at Lycoming or im-
mediately after they decide to enter
these professions.

Preparation for Health Professions

— The program of pre-professional
education for the health professions
(allopathic, dental, osteopathic,
podiatric and veterinary medicine,
optometry, pharmacy) is organized
around a solid foundation in biology,
chemistry, mathematics, and physics
and a wide range of subject matter
from the humanities, social sciences,
and fine arts. At least three years of
undergraduate study is recommended
before entry into a professional
school; the normal procedure is to
complete the bachelor of arts degree.

Students interested in one of the
health professions or in an allied
health career should make their inten-
tions known to the admissions office
when applying and to the Health Pro-
fessions Advisory Committee
(HPAC) during their first semester.
The committee advises students con-
cerning preparation for and applica-
tion to health-professions' schools.
All pre-health professions students
are invited to join the student pre-
health professions association. (See
also cooperative programs in
podiatric medicine, optometry, and
medical technology.)

Preparation for Legal Professions

— Lycoming offers a strong
academic preparation for students in-
terested in law as a profession. Ad-
mission to law school is not
predicated upon a particular major or

area of study; rather, a student is en-
couraged to design a course of study
(traditional or interdisciplinary ma-
jor) which is of personal interest and
significance. While no specific major
is recommended, there are certain
skills of particular relevance to the
pre-law student: clear writing,
analytical thinking, and language
comprehension. These skills should
be developed during the
undergraduate years.

Pre-law students should register
with the Legal Professions Advisory
Committee (LPAC) upon enterng
Lycoming and should join the Pre-
Law Society on campus. LPAC
assists the pre-law student through
advisement, compilation of recom-
mendations, and dissemination of in-
formation and materials about law
and the legal profession. It sponsors
Pre-LSAT workshops to help prepare
students for the law boards and an
annual Pre-law Night which brings
admission deans, law students, and
practicing lawyers on campus. The
Pre-Law Society has sponsored films,
speakers, and field trips, including
several to the United States Supreme
Court.

Preparation for Theological Pro-
fessions — The Theological Profes-
sions Advisor Committee (TPAC)
acts as a "center" for students, facul-
ty, and clergy to discuss the needs of
students who want to prepare
themselves for the ministry, religious
education, advanced training in
religion, or related vocations. Also, it
may help coordinate internships for
students who desire practical ex-
perience in the parish ministry or
related areas. Upon entering Lycom-
ing, students should register with
TPAC if they plan to investigate the
religious vocations.

In general, students preparing to
attend a theological seminary should
examine the suggestions set down by
the Association of Theological
Schools (available from TPAC).
Recommended is a board program in
the liberal arts, a major in one of the

8

humanities (English, history,
languages, literature, philosophy,
religion) or one of the social sciences
(American studies, criminal justice,
economics, international studies,
political science, psychology,
sociology-anthropology), and a varie-
ty of electives. Students preparing for
a career in religious education should
major in religion and elect five or six
courses in psychology, education,
and sociology. This program of study
will qualify students to work as an
educational assistant or a director of
religious education after graduate
study in a theological seminary.

REGISTRATION

During the registration period,
students file a schedule form with the
Office of the Registrar. The filing of
this form by students and its accep-
tance by the College is evidence of a
commitment by students to perform
in the courses listed to the best of
their abilities. Any changes in the
schedule of courses listed on the
form, including changes in sections,
without the formal approval of the
Office of the Registrar will result in a
grade of F. Students may not receive
credit in courses in which they are not
registered. Registration procedures
may not be initiated after the close of
the registration period.

During the first five days of classes,
students may drop any course
without any record of such enroll-
ment appearing on the permanent
record, and they may add any course
that is not closed. Students wishing to
drop a course between the fifth day
and the 12th week of classes must
secure a withdrawal form from the
Office of the Registrar, which is
presented to the instructor of the
course in question, who assigns a
withdrawal grade based on the level
of the student's performance from
the beginning of the course to the
date of withdrawal. Withdrawal
grades are not computed in the grade
point average. Students may not
withdraw from courses after the 12th

week of a semester and the com-
parable period during the May and
summer terms.

In two-credit (Vi unit) courses
meeting only during the last half of
any semester, students may drop /
add for a period of five days, effec-
tive with the mid-term date shown on
the academic calendar. Withdrawal
from half-semester courses with a
withdrawal grade may occur within
six weeks of the beginning of the
course. It is understood that the
period of time at the beginning of the
semester and at the mid-point of the
semester will be identical; for exam-
ple, a period of five days as indicated
above.

THE UNIT COURSE SYSTEM

Instruction at Lycoming College is
organized, with few exceptions, on a
departmental basis. Most courses are
unit courses, meaning that each
course taken is considered to be
equivalent to four semester hours of
credit. Exceptions occur in applied
music courses, which are offered for
either one-half or one semester hour
of credit, and in departments that
have elected to offer certain courses
for the equivalent of two semester
hours of credit. Further, independent
studies and internships carrying two
semester hours of credit may be
designed. The normal student course
load is four courses during the fall
and spring semesters. Students who
elect to attend the special sessions
may enroll in one course during the
May term and one or two courses in
the summer term. A student is con-
sidered full time when enrolled for a
minimum of three courses during the
fall or spring semesters, one course
for the May term, and two courses
for the summer term. Students may
enroll in five courses during the fall
and spring semesters if they are
Lycoming Scholars or were admitted
to the Dean's List at the end of the
previous semester. Exceptions may be
granted by the Dean of the College.
Overloads are not permitted during
the May and summer terms.

THE SYSTEM OF GRADING AND
REPORTING OF GRADES

The evaluation of student perfor-
mance in credit courses is indicated
by the use of traditional letter sym-
bols. These symbols and their defini-
tions are as follows:

A Excellent — Signifies superior
achievement through mastery of con-
tent or skills and demonstration of
creative and independent thinking.
B High Pass — Signifies better-than-
average achievement wherein the stu-
dent reveals insight and understand-
ing.

C Pass — Signifies satisfactory
achievement wherein the student's
work has been of average quality and
quantity. The student has
demonstrated basic competence in the
subject area and may enroll in addi-
tional course work.
D Low Pass — Signifies unsatisfac-
tory achievement wherein the student
met only the minimum requirements
for passing the course and should not
continue in the subject area without
departmental advice.
F Failing — Signifies that the student
has not met the minimum re-
quirements for passing the course.
I Incomplete Work — Assigned in ac-
cordance with the restrictions of
established academic policy.
R A Repeated Course — Students
shall have the option of repeating
courses for which they already have
received a passing grade in addition
to those which they have failed. No
credit is received for the second at-
tempt. Grades will be averaged.
S Passing Work, no grade assigned —
Converted from traditional grade of
D or better.

U Failing work, no grade assigned. —
Converted from traditonal grade of
F.

X Audit — Work as an auditor for
which no credit is earned.
W Withdrawal — Signifies
withdrawal from the course early in
the term when it cannot be determin-
ed that the student is passing or fail-
ing.

WP Withdrawal, passing — The stu-
dent was passing at the time of
withdrawal; no credit is earned.
WP Withdrawal, failing — The stu-
dent was failing at the time of
withdrawal; no credit is earned.

Use of the satisfactory / unsatisfac-
tory grading option is limited as
follows (this does not apply to
English 1):

— students may enroll on an S /
U basis in no more than one
course per semester and no
more than four courses during
their undergraduate career.

— S / U courses completed after
declaration of the major may
not be used to satisfy a re-
quirement of that major, in-
cluding courses required by
the major department which
are offered by other depart-
ments. (Instructor-designated
courses are excepted from this
limitation.)

— courses for which a grade of S
is recorded may not be used
toward fulfillment of any
distribution requirement.

— students may not enroll in
English 2 on an S / U basis.

— a course selected on an S / U
basis which is subsequently
withdrawn will not count
toward the four-course limit.

— instructor-designated courses
may be offered during the
May term with the approval of
the Dean of the College. Such
courses are not counted
toward the four-course limit.

— S / U grades are not computed
in the grade point average.

— students electing the S / U op-
tion may designate a minimum
acceptance letter grade of A or
B. If the letter grade actually
earned by the student equals
or exceeds this minimum, that
letter grade is entered on the
student's permanent record
and is computed in the grade
point average. In such a case,
the course does not count

toward the four-course limit.
If the student does not indicate
a minimum acceptable letter
grade or if the letter grade ac-
tually earned is lower than the
minimum designated by the
student, the Registrar
substitutes an S for any pass-
ing grade (A, B, C, or D) and a
U for an F grade.

— students must declare the S /
U option before the end of the
period during which courses
may be added during any
given semester, half-semester,
or term.

— instructors are not notified
which of their students are
enrolled on an S / U basis.

— students electing the S / U op-
tion are expected to perform
the same work as those enroll-
ed on a regular basis.

Incomplete grades may be given if,
for absolutely unavoidable reasons
(usually medical in nature), the stu-
dent has not been able to complete
the work requisite to the course. An
incomplete grade must be removed
within six weeks of the next regular
semester.

Students shall have the option of
repeating courses for which they
already have received a passing grade
in addition to those which they have
failed. Recording of grades for all
repeated courses shall be governed by
the following conditions:

— a course may be repeated only
one time.

— both attempts will be recorded
on the student's transcript.

— credit for the course will be
given only once.

— for the purpose of determining
the student's G.P.A., the
average grade received for the
two attempts will be used as if
it were the grade for a single
course.

— a repeated course will be
counted toward the total
number of unsuccessful at-
tempts.

ATTENDANCE

The academic program at Lycoming
is based upon the assumption that
there is value in class attendance for
all students. Individual instructors
have the prerogative of establishing
reasonable absence regulations in any
course. The student is responsible for
learning and observing these regula-
tions.

STUDENT RECORDS

The policy regarding student educa-
tional records is designed to protect
the privacy of students against un-
warranted intrusions and is consistent
with Section 438 of the General
Education Provision Act (commonly
known as the Family Educational
Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, as
amended). The details of the College
policy on student records and the pro-
cedures for gaining access to student
records are contained in the current
issue of The Pathfinder, which is
available in the library and the Office
of the Dean of the College.

ACADEMIC STANDING AND
ACADEMIC HONESTY

Students will be placed on academic
probation if either the number of
hours completed or cumulative grade
point average falls below the follow-
ing standards:

Semester Hours Cumulative

(Full-time) Completed GPA

1 12 1.66

2 24 1.85

3 40 1 .90

4 56 2.00

5 72 2.00

6 88 2.00

7 104 2.00

8 120 2.00

In order to meet graduation re-
quirements, students must complete
128 credit hours. Students who are
enrolled part-time or for fewer than
the normal four courses per term will
be expected to complete an equivalent
proportion of their program each
semester.

10

Students will be subject to suspension
from the College if they:

— can not achieve good standing
by the end of summer term;

— are on probation for two con-
secutive semesters;

— achieve a grade point average
of 1.00 or below during any
one semester.

Students will be subject to dismissal
from the College if they:

— can not reasonably complete
all requirements for a degree;

— exceed 24 semester hours of
unsuccessful course attempts
(grades of F, U, W, WP, WF,
and R) except in the case of
withdrawal for medical or
psychological reasons.

The integrity of the academic pro-
cess of the College requires honesty in
all phases of the instructional pro-
gram. The College assumes that
students are committed to the princi-
ple of academic honesty. Students
who fail to honor this commitment
are subject to dismissal. Procedural
guidelines and rules for the adjudica-
tion of cases of academic dishonesty
are printed in The Faculty Handbook
and The Pathfinder (the student
academic handbook), copies of which
are available in the library.

CREDIT BY EXAMINATION

Advanced Placement — Entering
freshmen who have completed an ad-
vanced course while in secondary
school and who have taken the ap-
propriate advanced-placement ex-
amination of the College Entrance
Examination Board (CEEB) are en-
couraged to apply for credit and ad-
vanced placement at the time of ad-
mission. A grade of three or above is
considered satisfactory.

College Level Examination Pro-
gram (CLEP) — Students may earn
college credit for superior achieve-
ment through CLEP. By achieving at
the 75th percentile or above on the
General Examinations and the 65th
percentile or above on approved Sub-

ject Examinations, students may earn
up to 50 percent of the course re-
quirements for a bachelor of arts
degree. Although these examinations
may be taken after enrollment, new
students who are competent in a given
area are encouraged to take the ex-
aminations of their choice during the
second semester of their senior year
so that Lycoming will have the test
scores available for registration ad-
visement for the first semester of
enrollment. Further information
about CLEP may be obtained
through the secondary-school
guidance office or the Office of Ad-
missions at Lycoming College.

ACADEMIC HONORS

Dean's List — Students are admitted
to the Dean's List at the end of the
fall and spring semesters if they have
completed at least four courses with
other than S / U grades, and have a
minimum grade point average of 3.50
for the semester.

Graduation Honors — Students
are awarded the bachelor of arts
degree, the bachelor of fine arts
degree, or the bachelor of science in
nursing degree with honors when they
have earned the following grade point
averages based on all courses attemp-
ted, including courses transferred
from other institutions to Lycoming:

summa cum laude 3.90-4.00

magna cum laude 3.50-3.89

cum laude 3.25-3.49

Academic Honor Awards, Prizes,
and Societies — Superior academic
achievement is recognized through
the conferring of awards and prizes at
the annual Honors Day convocation
and Commencement and through
election to membership in honor
societies.

Societies

Blue Key Freshman Men

Gold Key Freshman Women

Beta Beta Beta Biology

Omicron Delta

Epsilon Economics

Phi Alpha Theta History

Phi Sigma Tau Philosophy

Sigma Pi Sigma Physics

Pi Sigma

Alpha Political Science

Psi Chi Psychology

Pi Gamma Mu ....Social Science

Phi Kappa Phi General

Academic
Prizes and Awards

American Chemical Society Award

— The award, sponsored by the Sus-
quehanna Valley Chapter of the
society, is given to the outstanding
senior in chemistry who plans to enter
the profession.

American Institute of Chemists Prize

— The prize, given by the
Philadelphia section of the institute,
goes to the senior major for ex-
cellence in chemistry.

Bryon C. Brunstetter Science A ward

— The award is given for outstanding
achievement in chemical and
biological sciences.

CRC Press Chemistry Achievement
A ward — The award is given to the
freshman who has exhibited out-
standing academic achievement in
chemistry.

Chieftain Award — Given by Lycom-
ing, the College's most prestigious
award is given to the senior who has
contributed most to Lycoming
through support of school activities;
who has exhibited outstanding leader-
ship qualities; who has worked effec-
tively with other members of the col-
lege community; who has evidenced a
good moral code; and whose
academic rank is above the median
for the preceding senior class.

Civic Choir Award — The award,
sponsored by the College choir, is
given to the choir member who has
outstanding musical ability and who
has made significant leadership con-
tributions to the choir.

Class of 1907 Prize — The prize is
given to the senior who has been
outstanding in the promotion of col-
lege spirit through participation in
athletics and other activities.

11

Benjamin C. Conner Prize — The
prize is given to the graduating stu-
dent who has done outstanding work
in mathematics.

Durkheim Award — The award is
given to the senior sociology / an-
thropology major who has done
outstanding work in the field.

Bishop William Perry Eve/and Prize
— Sponsored by the College, the prize
is given to the senior who has shown
progress in scholarship, loyalty,
school spirit, and participation in
school activities.

Excellence in Two-Dimensional Art
Award — Sponsored by the Art
Department, the award is given to the
outstanding senior art major in this
field.

Excellence in Three-Dimensional Art
Award — Sponsored by the Art
Department, the award is given to the
outstanding senior art major in this
field.

Excellence in Theatre Performance
A ward — Sponsored by the Theatre
Department, the award is given to the
student who has been outstanding as
a performer in the Arena Theatre.

Excellence in Technical Theatre
A ward — Sponsored by the Theatre
Department, the award is given to the
student who has been outstanding as
a technician for the Arena Theatre.

Excellence in Political Science A ward
— Given by the Political Science
Department, the award goes to the
senior political science major who has
performed with excellence.

J. W. Ferree Award — Given by the
Mathematical Sciences Department in
memory of the first mathematics pro-
fessor at Lycoming's forerunner, the
Dickinson Seminary, the award goes
to the student most active in
mathematical sciences.

Faculty Prize — Sponsored by
Lycoming, the prize is given to the
commuting student with satisfactory
scholarship and who has been

12

outstanding in promotion of school
spirit through participation in school
activities.

Durant L. Furey III Memorial Prize
— The prize is given to the senior ac-
counting major who has shown
outstanding achievement in accoun-
ting.

Gillette Foreign Language Prizes —
The prizes are given to the French,
German, and Spanish majors who
have achieved excellence in foreign
languages.

John P. Graham A ward — Named in
honor of a professor emeritus, the
award is given to the senior English
major who achieves the highest
average in English.

Edward J. Gray Prizes — Sponsored
by Lycoming, the prizes are given to
the graduating students with the
highest and second highest averages.

Dan Gustafson A ward — In memory
of a former member of the English
Department, the award is given to the
senior English major whose analytical
writing demonstrates the highest stan-
dards of literary and critical ex-
cellence.

1 RUSK A Awards — The awards
denote membership in the society for
juniors who are very active on cam-
pus; they are given by the Office of
Student Services.

Junior Book A ward — Sponsored by
the Political Science Department, the
award is given to the outstanding
junior political science major.

Elisha Benson Kline Prize — The
prize is given to the senior
mathematics major with outstanding
achievement in the field.

Charles J. Kocian Awards — The
awards are given to the accounting,
business administration, and
economics majors who show the
greatest proficiency in statistics; the
mathematics major who shows the
greatest proficiency in applied
mathematics, and the graduating

senior who shows the greatest profi-
ciency in computer science.

Don Lincoln Larrabee Law Prize —
The prize is given to the graduating
student who has shown outstanding
scholarship in legal principles.

C. Daniel Little A ward — Sponsored
by the Political Science Department,
the prize is given to the outstanding
student in public administration.

John C. McCune Memorial Prizes —
The prizes are given to the senior ma-
jors in mathematics, biology,
chemistry, physics, philosophy, and
psychology who have attained the
highest averages.

Walter J. Mclver A ward — Named
after Lycoming's former choir direc-
tor, the award is given to the choir
member who has made outstanding
campus contributions outside of
choir.

Pennsylvania Institute of Certified
Public Accountants Award — The
award is given to the senior accoun-
ting major who has demonstrated
high scholastic standing and qualities
of leadership.

Pocahontas Award — Sponsored by
the Athletic Department, the award is
given to Lycoming's outstanding
female athlete.

Research and Writing Prize in
History — Sponsored by the History
Department, the prize is given to the
student who does the best work in
History 45.

Sadler Prize — Sponsored by the
Mathematical Sciences Department,
the prize is given to the student with
the highest achievement in calculus,
foundations of mathematics, algebra,
and analysis.

Senior Management A ward — Spon-
sored by the Business Administration
Department, the award is given to the
senior business major with the best
senior project in Business Ad-
ministration 41.

Senior Scholarship Prize in History
— The prize is given to the senior ma-
jor with the highest average.

Service to Lycoming A ward — Spon-
sored by the Office of Student Ser-
vices, the award is given to students
who have made outstanding contribu-
tions to Lycoming.

Frances K. Skeath Award — Spon-
sored by the Mathematical Sciences
Department, the award is given to the
senior with outstanding achievement
in mathematics.

John A . Streeter Memorial A ward in
Economics — The award is given to
the graduating student with outstand-
ing achievement in economics.

Tomahawk Award — Sponsored by
the Athletic Department, the award is
given to the outstanding male athlete.

Trask Chemistry Prize — The prize is
given to the senior chemistry major
who has done outstanding work in
the field.

Wall Street Journal A ward — Spon-
sored by the Business Administration
Department, the award is given to the
senior business major for excellence
in the field and service to the College
community.

Sol "Woody" Wolf Award— Spon-
sored by the Athletic Department, the
award is given to the junior athlete
who has shown the most improve-
ment.

Women of Lycoming Scholarship —
The scholarship is given to the junior
woman student who has shown
satisfactory scholarship, outstanding
school spirit, and who is active in
campus activities.

Department Honors — Honors pro-
jects are normally undertaken only in
a student's major, and are available
only to exceptionally well-qualified
students who have a solid back-
ground in the area of the project and
are capable of considerable self-
direction. The prerequisites for

registration in an honors program are
as follows:

— a faculty member from the
department(s) in which the
honors project is to be under-
taken must agree to be the
director and must secure
departmental approval of the
project.

— the director, in consultation
with the student, must con-
vene a committee consisting
of two faculty members from
the department in which the
project is to be undertaken,
one of whom is the director
of the project, and one facul-
ty member from each of two
other departments related to
the subject matter of the
study.

— the honors committee must
then certify by their
signatures on the application
that the project in question is
academically legitimate and
worthy of pursuit as an
honors project, and that the
student in question is
qualified to pursue the pro-
ject.

— the project must be approved
by the Committee on In-
dividual Studies.

Students successfully complete
honors projects by satisfying the
following conditions in accordance
with guidelines established by the
Committee on Individual Studies:

— the student must produce a
substantial research paper,
critical study, or creative
project. If the end product is
a creative project, a critical
paper analyzing the techni-
ques and principles employed
and the nature of the
achievement represented in
the project shall be submit-
ted.

— the student must successfully
explain and defend the work
in a final oral examination

given by the honors commit-
tee.

— the honors committee must
certify that the student has
successfully defended the
project, and that the
student's achievement is
clearly superior to that which
would ordinarily be required
to earn a grade of "A" in a
regular independent-studies
course.

— the Committee on Individual
Studies must certify that the
student has satisfied all of
the conditions mentioned
above.

Except in unusual circumstances,
honors projects are expected to in-
volve independent study in two con-
secutive unit courses. Successful com-
pletion of the honors project will
cause the designation of honors in
that department to be placed upon
the permanent record. Acceptable
theses are deposited in the College
library. In the event that the study is
not completed successfully or is not
deemed worthy of honors, the stu-
dent shall be re-registered in indepen-
dent studies and given a final grade
for the course.

SPECIAL FEATURES

Independent Studies — Indepen-
dent studies are available to any
qualified student who wishes to
engage in and receive academic credit
for any academically legitimate
course of study for which he or she
could not otherwise receive credit. It
may be pursued at any level (in-
troductory, intermediate, or advanc-
ed) and in any department, whether
or not the student is a major in that
department. Studies projects which
duplicate catalog courses are
sometimes possible, and are subject
to the same provisions which apply to
all studies projects. In order for a stu-
dent to be registered in an
independent-study course, the follow-
ing conditions must be satisfied:

— an appropriate member of
the faculty must agree to

13

supervise the project and
must certify by signing the
application form that the
project is academically
legitimate and involves an
amount of work appropriate
for the amount of academic
credit requested, and that the
student in question is
qualified to pursue the pro-
ject.

— the studies project must be
approved by the chairman of
the department in which the
studies project is to be under-
taken.

— after the project is approved
by the instructor and by the
chairman of the appropriate
department, the studies pro-
ject must be approved by the
Committee on Individual
Studies.

In addition, participation in
independent-studies projects, with
the exception of those which
duplicate catalog courses, is subject
to the following:

— students may not engage in
more than one independent-
studies project during any
given semester.

— students may not engage in
more than two independent-
studies projects during their
academic career at Lycoming
College.

As with other academic policies,
any exceptions to these two rules
must be approved by the Academic
Standing Committee.

Internship Program — An intern-
ship is a course jointly sponsored by
the College and a public or private
agency or subdivision of the College
in which a student is enabled to earn
college credit by participating in some
active capacity as an assistant, aide,
or apprentice. At least one-half of the
effort expended by the intern should
consist of academic work related to
agency situations. The objectives of
the internship program are (1) to fur-

14

ther the development of a central core
of values, awarenesses, strategies,
skills, and information through ex-
periences outside the classroom or
other campus situations, and (2) to
facilitate the integration of theory
and practice by encouraging students
to relate their on-campus academic
experiences more directly to society in
general and to possible career and
other post-baccalaureate objectives in
particular.

Any junior or senior student in
good academic standing may petition
the Committee on Individual Studies
for approval to serve as an intern. A
maximum of 16 credits can be earned
through the internship program.
Guidelines for program development,
assignment of tasks and academic re-
quirements, such as exams, papers,
reports, grades, etc., are established
in consulation with a faculty director
at Lycoming and an agency super-
visor at the place of internship.

Students with diverse majors have
participated in a wide variety of in-
ternships, including those with the
Allenwood Federal Prison Camp,
Lycoming County Commissioners
Office, Department of Environmen-
tal Resources, Head Start, Lycoming
County Historical Society, business
and accounting firms, law offices,
hospitals, social service agencies,
banks, and congressional offices.

May Term — The May term is a
four-week voluntary session designed
to provide students with courses listed
in the catalog and experimental and
special courses that are not normally
available during the fall and spring
semesters and summer term. Some
courses are offered on campus; others
involve travel. A number offer inter-
disciplinary credit. Illustrations of the
types of courses offered during the
May term are:

(a) Study-Travel: Cultural Tours of
Germany, Spain, France, Ireland,
and the United Kingdom; Ar-
chaeological Expeditions to the Mid-
dle East; Oceanographic Expeditions
in Bermuda; Literature of the Sea on

location in the Caribbean; An-
thropological Expeditions to New
Mexico to study tri-cultural com-
munities; Utopian Communities;
Photography Workshops in Ver-
mont; Revolutionary and Civil War
Sites.

(b) On-Campus: Financial State-
ment Analysis, Silk-screeen Printing,
Field Geology, History of
Astronomy, Field Ornithology,
Chemical Analysis, Managing the
Small Business, Women in Manage-
ment, Energy Economics, Public
School Curriculum, Writer's
Seminar, Modern American Humor,
The Norman Kingdom, Practical
Logic, Psychology of Group Pro-
cesses, Ancient Near East Religion,
Juvenile Delinquency.

Although participation in the May
term is voluntary, student response
has been outstanding with approx-
imate 25 to 30 percent of the student
body enrolling. In addition to the
courses themselves, attractions in-
clude small and informal classes and
reduced tuition rates.

Study Abroad — Students have the
opportunity to study abroad under
auspices of approved universities and
agencies. While study abroad is par-
ticularly attractive to students major-
ing in foreign languages and lit-
eratures, this opportunity is open to
all students in good academic stan-
ding. Mastery of a foreign language is
desirable but not required in all pro-
grams. A file of opportunities is
available in the library.

NOTE: Lycoming College cannol assume
responsibility for the health, safety, or welfare
of any student engaged in or en route to or
from any off-campus study or activity not
under the exclusive jurisdiction of this institu-
tion.

Auditors — Any person may audit
courses at Lycoming at one-fourth
tuition per course. Laboratory and
other special fees must be paid in full.
Examinations, papers, and other
evaluation devices are not required of
auditors, but individual arrangements
may be made to complete such
exercises with the consent of the

instructor. The option to audit a
course must be declared during the
same period (currently five days) at
the beginning of each semester, half-
semester, or term as drop/add and
pass/fail and must be completed in
the Registrar's Office.

Part-Time Students — Any person
may take up to two courses during
any semester or summer term (one in
May term). Part-time special students
pay the $15 application fee for the
first registration and the part-time
tuition rate in effect at the time of
each enrollment.

COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS

Lycoming has developed several
cooperative programs to provide
students with opportunities to extend
their knowledge, abilities, and talents
in selected areas through access to the
specialized academic programs and
facilities of other colleges, univer-
sities, academies, and hospitals.
Although thorough advisement and
curricular planning are provided for
each of the cooperative programs, ad-
mission to Lycoming and registration
in the program of choice does not
guarantee admission to the
cooperating institution. The
prerogative of admitting students to
the cooperative aspect of the program
rests with the cooperating institution.
Students who are interested in a
cooperative program should contact
the coordinator during the first week
of the first semester of their enroll-
ment at Lycoming. This is necessary
to plan their course programs in a
manner that will insure completion of
required courses according to the
schedule stipulated for the program.
All cooperative programs require
special coordination of course
scheduling at Lycoming.

Engineering — Combining the ad-
vantages of a liberal-arts education
and the technical training of an
engineering curriculum, this program
is offered in conjunction with
Bucknell University and the Penn-
sylvania State University. Students

complete three years of study at
Lycoming and two years at the
cooperating university. Upon
satisfactory completion of the first
year of engineering studies, Lycom-
ing awards the bachelor of arts
degree. When students successfully
complete the second year of engineer-
ing studies, the cooperating university
awards the bachelor of science degree
in engineering.

At Lycoming, students complete
the distribution program and courses
in physics, mathematics, and
chemistry. Engineering specialties of-
fered at Bucknell University include
chemical, civil, electrical, and
mechanical. The Pennsylvania State
University offers aerospace,
agricultural, chemical, civil, elec-
trical, engineering science, en-
vironmental, industrial, mechanical,
and nuclear engineering.

Forestry or Environmental Studies

— Lycoming College offers a
cooperative program with Duke
University in environmental manage-
ment and forestry. Qualified students
can earn the bachelor's and master's
degrees in five years, spending three
years at Lycoming and two years at
Duke. All Lycoming distribution and
major requirements must be com-
pleted by the end of the junior year.
At the end of the first year at Duke,
the B.A. degree will be awarded by
Lycoming. Duke will award the pro-
fessional degree of Master of Forestry
or Master of Environmental Manage-
ment to qualified candidates at the
end of the second year.

The major program emphases at
Duke are Natural Resources
Science/Ecology, Natural Resources
Systems Science, and Natural
Resources Economics/Policy. The
program is flexible enough, however,
to accommodate a variety of in-
dividual designs. An undergraduate
major in one of the natural sciences,
social sciences, or business may pro-
vide good preparation for the pro-
grams at Duke, but a student with
any undergraduate concentration will
be considered for admission. All

students need at least two courses
each in biology, mathematics, and
economics.

Students begin the program at
Duke in July after their junior year at
Lycoming with a one-month session
of field work in natural resource
measurements. They must complete a
total of 60 units which generally takes
four semesters.

Some students prefer to complete
the bachelor's degree before under-
taking graduate study at Duke. The
master's degree requirements for
these students are the same as for
those students entering after the
junior year, but the 60-unit require-
ment may be reduced for completed
relevant undergraduate work of
satisfactory quality. All credit reduc-
tions are determined individually and
consider the student's educational
background and objectives.

Medical Technology — Students
desiring a career in medical
technology may either complete a
bachelor of arts program followed by
a clinical internship at any American
Medical Association — accredited
hospital, or they may complete the
cooperative program. Students elec-
ting the cooperative program normal-
ly study for three years at Lycoming,
during which time they complete 24
unit courses, including the College
distribution requirements, a major,
and requirements of the National Ac-
crediting Agency for Clinical
Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS). The
current requirements of the NAACLS
are: four courses in chemistry (one of
which must be either organic or
biochemistry); four courses in
biology (including courses in
microbiology and immunology), and
one course in mathematics.

Students in the cooperative pro-
gram usually major in biology,
following a modified major of six
unit courses that exempts them from
Ecology (Biology 24) and Plant
Sciences (Biology 25). Students must
take either Animal Physiology
(Biology 23) or Cell Physiology

15

(Biology 35). The cooperative pro-
gram requires successful completion
of a one-year internship at an
American Medical Association — ac-
credited hospital. Lycoming is af-
filiated with the following accredited
hospitals: Williamsport, Divine
Providence, Robert Packer, Lan
caster, and Abington. Students in the
cooperative program receive credit at
Lycoming for each of eight unit
courses in biology and chemistry suc-
cessfully completed during the
clinical internship. Successful com-
pletion of the Registry Examination is
not considered a graduation require-
ment at Lycoming College.

Students entering a clinical intern-
ship for one year after graduation
from Lycoming must complete all of
the requirements of the cooperative
program, but are not eligible for the
biology major exemptions indicated
above. Upon graduation, such
students may apply for admission to a
clinical program at any hospital.

Nuclear Medicine Technology —

Students desiring a career in nuclear
medicine technology may complete
either 1) a bachelor of arts program
followed by a clinical internship, or 2)
the cooperative program.

Students enrolling in the
cooperativev program in Nuclear
Medicine Technology will study for
three years at Lycoming, followed by
a fourth year of prescribed study at a
cooperating hospital. Students must
apply directly to a cooperating
hospital for admission to the clinical
year. Lycoming College is presently
affiliated with the Williamsport
Hospital Department of Nuclear
Medicine. The courses completed
during the clinical year are entered on
the Lycoming College transcript.
Upon successful completion of the
clinical year, which serves to com-
plete the College degree re-
quirements, students are eligible to
take a certification examination in
nuclear medicine technology. Suc-
cessful completion of a certifying ex-

16

amination is not a graduation re-
quirement at Lycoming College.

Students may enter the cooperative
program with backgrounds in dif-
ferent fields of study. However, they
must complete 24 units, including the
College distribution requirements, a
major, and the following re-
quirements of the Joint Review Com-
mittee on Education Programs of the
American Medical Association:
Anatomy and Physiology (Biology
5-6 or 10-11), Basic Physics
(Astronomy/Physics 15-16 or 25-26),
Basic Mathematical Sciences (two
courses from Math 9, 13, 17, 18, 19,
Computer Science 15), Oral and
Written Communication (Mass Com-
munication 1 1 and English 2), and
General Chemistry (two courses from
Chemistry 10 [or 8], 11, 15 [or 20]). If
Computer Science 15 has not been
taken as a basic math option, it is
highly recommended as an elective.

For students in the cooperative
program, modified majors are
presently available in Biology and
Physics. Students who wish to major
in another academic discipline shall
consult with their advisors early in
their college careers to determine
whether a major in a given discipline
can be completed within a three-year
period.

Those who wish to major in
Biology are allowed a modified major
of six Biology courses (Biology 5-6 or
10-11, 21, 22, 23 or 35, and an ad-
vanced elective, along with the usual
requirement in Chemistry and
Mathematical Sciences. Those who
wish to major in Physics are required
to take the following courses:
Astronomy/Physics 25, 26, 27, 29, a
course in Nuclear and Particle
Physics, and two elective physics
courses numbered 1 1 or above,
Biology 5-6 or 10-11, Mathematics 18
and 19, and one year in chemistry.

Optometry — Through the Ac-
celerated Optometry Education Cur-
riculum Program, students interested
in a career in optometry may qualify

for admission to the Pennsylvania
College of Optometry after only three
years at Lycoming College. After
four years at the Pennsylvania Col-
lege of Optometry, a student will earn
a Doctor of Optometry degree. Selec-
tion of candidates for the profes-
sional segment of the program is
completed by the admissions commit-
tee of the Pennsylvania College of
Optometry during the student's third
year at Lycoming. (This is one of two
routes that students may choose. Any
student, of course, may follow the
regular application procedures for
admission to the Pennsylvania Col-
lege of Optometry or another college
of optometry to matriculate follow-
ing completion of his or her bac-
calaureate program.) During the
three years at Lycoming College, the
student will complete 24 unit courses,
including all distribution re-
quirements, and will prepare for his
or her professional training by ob-
taining a solid foundation in biology,
chemistry, physics, and mathematics.
During the first year of study at the
Pennsylvania College of Optometry,
the student will take 39 semester
hours of basic science courses in addi-
tion to introductions to optometry
and health care. Successful comple-
tion of the first year of professional
training will complete the course re-
quirements for the B.A. degree at
Lycoming College.

Most students will find it conve-
nient to major in biology in order to
satisfy the requirements of Lycoming
College and the Pennsylvania College
of Optometry. Such students are
allowed to complete a modified
biology major which will exempt
them from two biology courses:
Ecology (Bio. 24) and Plant Sciences
(Bio. 25). (This modified major re-
quires the successful completion of
the initial year at the Pennsylvania
College of Optometry). Students
desiring other majors must coor-
dinate their plans with the Health
Professions Advisory Committee in
order to insure that they have
satisfied all requirements.

Podiatry — Students interested in
podiatry may either seek admission to
a college of podiatric medicine upon
completion of the bachelor of arts
degree or through the Accelerated
Podiatric Medical Education-
Curriculum Program (APMEC). The
latter program provides an oppor-
tunity for students to qualify for ad-
mission to the Pennsylvania College
of Podiatric Medicine (PCPM) or the
Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine
(OCPM) after three years of study at
Lycoming. At Lycoming, students in
the APMEC program must success-
fully complete 24 unit courses, in-
cluding the distribution program and
a basic foundation in biology,
chemistry, physics, and mathematics.
During the first year of study at
PCPM or OCPM, students must suc-
cessfully complete a program of basic
science courses and an introduction
to podiatry. Successful completion of
the first year of professional training
will contribute toward the fulfillment
of the course requirements for the
bachelor of arts degree at Lycoming.

Sculpture — The Art Department
with the Johnson Atelier Technical
Institute of Sculpture in Princeton,
New Jersey, offers a BFA degree in
sculpture. It uses a classical appren-
ticeship approach as its teaching
method. This ancient method of
teaching is combined at Johnson with
the most modern and technically ad-
vanced foundry and fabricating
techniques.

The Art Department offers a syn-
thesis program that interrelates the
student experience at both institu-
tions. This is achieved by having the
student rotate between Lycoming and
the atelier so that each form of educa-
tion is preparation for the other.
Lycoming offers a core academic pro-
gram, a course of study in the Art
Department, and elective course op-
portunities. Lycoming gives eight
course units of college credit to the
student for having successfully com-
pleted one of the apprenticeship pro-
grams at the Johnson Atelier.

All work completed by the student
at Lycoming by the end of the
sophomore year will be applicable to
a bachelor of arts degree with a major
in art should the student decide to
withdraw from the BFA program. If
the student should withdraw from the
cooperative program prior to com-
pleting the apprenticeship at the
Johnson Atelier, Lycoming will give
up to four units of credit or one
semester's work for the internship. If,
however, the student completes more
work at the atelier than the four
units, that extra work will not be
credited to the bachelor of arts
degree; it will only be used as part of
the bachelor of fine arts degree, and
then only if the course at the atelier is
completed.

This course of study is very
rigorous. It will require that the stu-
dent be involved almost continuous-
ly, either at Lycoming or at the
Johnson Atelier, during the four
years it will take to complete the
degree. (See Art Department listing
for specific program.)

Reserve Officers Training Corps
Program (R.O.T.C.) — The program
provides a voluntary opportunity for
Lycoming students to enroll on a
non-credit basis in the Bucknell
Universtiy R.O.T.C. unit. Lycoming
notes enrollment in and successful
completion of the program on stu-
dent transcripts. Military Science is a
four-year program divided into a
basic course given during the
freshman and sophomore years and
an advanced course given during the
junior and senior years. Students who
have not completed the basic course
may qualify for the advanced course
by completing summer camp between
the sophomore and junior years.
Students enrolled in the advanced
course receive a monthly stipend of
$100 for up to 10 months a year.
Students successfully completing the
advanced course and advanced sum-
mer camp between the junior and
senior years will qualify for a com-
mission as a Second Lieutenant in the

United States Army upon graduation,
and will incur a service obligation in
the active Army or Army Reserves.
The only expense to the student for
this program is the $60 basic and ad-
vanced course deposits payable to
Bucknell.

Student Enrichment Semester —

This voluntary program is designed to
expand academic and life oppor-
tunities for students and to provide
for participation in specialized pro-
grams and courses not available at
Lycoming. Other members of the
program are Bucknell and Sus-
quehanna Universities, the
Williamsport Area Community Col-
lege, and Bloomsburg, Lock Haven,
and Mansfield State Colleges.
Students other than freshmen enroll
full or part time for credit, normally
for one semester or term, at any par-
ticipating institution in selected
courses. Students in the program re-
main fully enrolled as degree can-
didates at their home institutions. A
special opportunity within the pro-
gram is the cross-registration arrange-
ment with the Williamsport Area
Community College, whereby
students may enroll for less than a
full-time course load while remaining
enrolled in courses at Lycoming.

Washington, United Nations, Lon-
don and Harrisburg Urban Semesters

— With the consent of the Depart-
ment of Political Science, selected
students are permitted to study in
Washington, D.C., at The American
University for one semester. They
may choose from seven different pro-
grams: Washington Semester, Urban
Semester, Foreign Policy Semester,
International Development Semester,
Economic Policy Semester, Science
and Technology Semester, American
Studies Semester.

With the consent of either the
Department of History or Political
Science, selected students may enroll
at Drew University in Madison, New
Jersey, in the United Nations
Semester, which is designed to pro-
vide a first-hand acquaintance with

17

the world organization. Students with
special interests in world history, in-
ternational relations, law, and
politics are eligible to participate.

The London Semester programs of
Drew and The American Universities
emphasize European history, politics,
and culture. Interested students par-
ticipate with the consent of either the
Departments of History or Political
Science.

The Harrisburg Urban Semester
(THUS) is a project of the Central
Pennsylvania Consortium: Dickin-
son, Franklin & Marshall, and
Gettysburg Colleges. THUS is a one-
semester off-campus academic intern-
ship program designed for students
who wish to participate in a career-
oriented internship experience while
exploring the social, economic, and
political problems which our states
and cities face. THUS students, in
most cases, receive a full semester's
academic credit by working 25 hours
a week in their internship, writing a
substantial analytical paper re-
lated to the internship, and taking
two academic seminars — one in ur-
ban affairs and one in a more
specialized area. Opportunities for in-
dependent study are also available.
The 20 students in the program
each semester live near one another in
apartments or houses available
through THUS, and students spend a
great deal of time together sharing
their common experiences in an infor-
mal and sometimes intense manner.
Students will receive academic credit
from the Franklin & Marshall Col-
lege. The internship is graded on a
pass/fail basis.

Normally the above special-
semester programs are open only to
juniors.

Lycoming College cannot assume responsibili-
ty for the health, safety, or welfare of students
engaged in or en route to or from any off-
campus studies or activities which are not
under the exclusive jurisdiction of this institu-
tion.

THE SCHOLAR PROGRAM

The Lycoming College Scholar Pro-
gram is a special program designed to
meet the needs and aspirations of
highly motivated students of superior
intellectual ability. The Lycoming
Scholar satisfies the general distribu-
tion requirements, but on a more ex-
acting level and with more challeng-
ing courses than the average student.
Lycoming Scholars also participate in
special courses and seminars and in
serious independent study cul-
minating in a senior project super-
vised by their major department.

Students are admitted to the pro-
gram by invitation of the Scholar
Council, the group which oversees the
program. The council consists of four
students elected by current scholars
and four faculty selected by the Dean
of the College. The guidelines govern-
ing selection of new scholars are flexi-
ble: academic excellence, intellectual
curiosity, and creativity are all taken
into account. Students who desire to
participate in the Scholar Program
but are not invited may petition the
Scholar Council for consideration.

To remain in the program, students
must maintain a GPA of 3.0 or bet-
ter. Students dropping below this
average will be placed on Scholar pro-
bation until their average improves,
or they are asked to leave the pro-
gram. To graduate as a Scholar, a
student must have at least a 3.0
cumulative average. Scholars must
take the First Year Scholar Seminar
during their first semester in the pro-
gram. In addition, the following
course requirements must be met.

A. English. Scholars must display
above-average writing skills by the
end of the sophomore year, as cer-
tified by the Department of English
and the Scholar Council. This re-
quirement may be met by obtaining a
sufficiently high score on an ap-
propriate CLEP examination or by a
grade of "B" in English 2. Students
not meeting the requirement in either
of these ways by the end of the
freshman year will be asked to do ex-

tra work until the competency is
reached. Beyond English 2, the re-
quirement is one literature course
numbered 20 or higher.

B. Language/Mathematical
Sciences. Scholars must satisfy the re-
quirement in either language or
mathematical sciences. Language:
Scholars must complete two courses
numbered 10 or higher (excluding
courses taught in English).
Mathematical Sciences: Two options
are available in mathematics/com-
puter science. Either Math 18 and 19,
plus one course numbered 20 or
higher (continous mathematics) or
two courses chosen from Math 12,
13, and Computer Science 15, plus
one course numbered 20 or higher
(discrete mathematics). By
demonstrating higher competence on
the Mathematics Placement Ex-
amination, scholars may reduce the
requirement to two units of
mathematical science.

C. Philosophy/Religion. Scholars
must satisfy this requirement in either
of the two areas. Philosophy: Two
courses numbered 20 or higher.
Religion: Two courses numbered 22
or higher.

D. Fine Arts. Scholars must satisfy
the requirement in one of four areas.
Art: Two options are available in art.
Either two courses taken from Art 22,
23, 24, 31, 32, 33, and 34 (Art
History), or two courses taken from
Art 11, 15, 20, and 25 (Studio Art).
Music: Two courses taken from
Music 17, 30, or higher. Theatre:
Two courses taken from Theatre 12
or higher, excluding Theatre 18.
Literature: Two literature courses
taken from English 20 or higher,
Foreign Languages and Literature 25,
or other Foreign Language and
Literature courses taught in English.

E. Natural Sciences. Scholars must
satisfy the requirements in one of
three areas. Astronomy/Physics:
Two courses numbered 1 1 or higher.
Biology: Two courses numbered 10 or
higher. Chemistry: Two courses
numbered 10 or higher.

F. History/Social Sciences.

18

Scholars must satisfy the re-
quirements in one of five areas.
Economics: Two courses numbered
10 or higher. History: Two courses,
one of which must be numbered 20 or
higher. Political Science: Two courses
numbered 15 or higher. Psychology:
Two courses including Psychology 10
and one course numbered 24 or
higher (excluding Psychology 38).
Sociology /Anthropology: Two
courses including Sociology 10 and
one course numbered 30 or higher
(excluding Sociology 40).

G. Physical Education. Scholars
must satisfy the same physical educa-
tion requirement stipulated by the
College for all students.

H. Designated Courses. In addition
to completing the distribution re-

quirements, Scholars will be required
to complete four upper-level courses
(numbered 30 and above) chosen
from a list of "designated" courses
selected and maintained by the
Scholar Council. Each full-time
Lycoming instructor is invited to
nominate one of his/her courses hav-
ing special depth and merit for inclu-
sion on this list. The Scholar Council
may alter the list from time to time. A
scholar may use no more than two
such designated courses from any one
department to satisfy this require-
ment.

I. Senior Project. In the senior
year, scholars must successfully com-
plete an independent studies or
departmental honors project which
has been approved in advance by the

Independent Studies Committee and
the Scholar Council. This project
must be presented orally and be ac-
cepted by the Scholar Council.

J. Scholars must complete a major
and 32 units, exclusive of the First
Year Scholar Seminar.

K. In the case of transfer students
and those who seek to enter the pro-
gram after their freshman year and in
other cases deemed by the Scholar
Council to involve special or extraor-
dinary circumstances, the Council
shall have the right to grant excep-
tions and make adjustments to the
scholar distribution requirements
provided that in all cases such excep-
tions and adjustments would still
satisfy the regular College distribu-
tion requirements.

19

Curriculum

Numbers 1-9 Elementary courses in
departments where such courses
are not counted as part of the stu-
dent's major.
Numbers 10-19 Freshman level

courses
Numbers 20-29 Sophomore level

courses
Numbers 30-39 Junior level courses
Numbers 40-49 Senior level courses
Numbers 50-59 Non-catalog courses

(offered on a limited basis)
Numbers 60-69 Applied Music
Numbers 70-79 Internships
Numbers 80-89 Independent Study
Numbers 90-99 Independent Study
for Department Honors

Courses not in sequence are listed
separately, as:

Drawing Art 1 1

Color Theory Art 12

Courses which imply a sequence are
indicted with a dash between, mean-
ing that the first semester must be
taken prior to the second, as:

Intermediate French

French 10-11

All students have the right of access
to all courses.

ACCOUNTING

Professor: Richmond (Chairman)
Assistant Professors: Kuhns,

Wienecke

The purpose of the accounting major
is to help prepare the student for a
career within the accounting profes-
sion, whether public, private, or
governmental, through a curriculum
stressing pre-professional education.

A major consists of Accounting 10,
20-21, 30, 40, 41, 43, 45,
Mathematics 13, Computer Science
15, and one unit to be selected from
Accounting 25, 26, 31,42,44,46,47,
and 48 or Internship. Business 10 may
be substituted for Accounting 10 if a
student changes majors. Duplicate
credit will not be granted.

Students seeking entry into
the public accounting field are ad-
vised to investigate the professional

requirements for certification in the
state in which they intend to practice
so that they may meet all educational
requirements prior to graduation. All
majors are advised to enroll in
Economics 10 and 11, Business 35,
36, and 38, and one of the following:
Business 33, Economics 20, or 37.

10 ELEMENTARY

ACCOUNTING THEORY
An introductory course in recording,
classifying, summarizing, and inter-
preting the basic business transaction.
Problems of classification and interpreta-
tion of accounts and preparation of finan-
cial statements are studied. Prerequisite:
Second-semester freshman or consent of
instructor.

20-21 INTERMEDIATE

ACCOUNTING THEORY
An intensive study of accounting
statements and analytical procedures with
an emphasis upon corporate accounts,
various decision models, price-level
models, earnings per share, pension ac-
counting, accounting for leases, and
financial statement analysis. Prerequisite:
Accounting 10.

25 FINANCIAL STATEMENT
ANALYSIS

Deals with the analysis of financial
statements as an aid to decision making.
The theme of the course is understanding
the financial data which are analyzed as
well as the methods by which they are
analyzed and interpreted. This course
should prove of value to all who need a
thorough understanding of the uses to
which financial statements are put as well
as to those who must know how to use
them intelligently and effectively. This in-
cludes accountants, security analysts,
lending officers, credit analysts,
managers, and all others who make deci-
sions on the basis of financial data. Pre-
requisite: Accounting 10 or Business 10.
May term.

26 GOVERNMENT AND FUND
ACCOUNTING

This course is designed to introduce ac-
counting for not-for-profit organizations.
Municipal accounting and reporting are
studied. Prerequisite: Accounting 10 or
Business 10, one-half unit of credit.

30-31 COST AND BUDGETARY
ACCOUNTING THEORY
Methods of accounting for material,
labor, and factory overhead expenses con-
sumed in manufacturing using job order,

process, and standard costing. Applica-
tion of cost accounting and budgeting
theory to decision making in the area of
make or buy, expansion of production
and sales, and accounting for control are
dealt with. Prerequisite: Accounting 20
or consent of instructor.

40 AUDITING THEORY

A study of the science or art of verifying,
analyzing, and interpreting accounts and
reports. The goal of the course is to em-
phasize concepts which will enable
students to understand the philosophy
and environment of auditing. Special at-
tention is given to the public accounting
profession, studying auditing standards,
professional ethics, the legal liability in-
herent in the attest function, the study
and evaluation of internal control, the
nature of evidence, the growing use of
statistical sampling, the impact of elec-
tronic data processing, and the basic ap-
proach to planning an audit. Finally,
various audit reports expressing indepen-
dent expert opinions on the fairness of
financial statements are studied. Prereq-
uisite: Accounting 21, Mathematics 13,
and Computer Science 15.

41 FEDERAL INCOME TAX
ACCOUNTING AND PLANNING
Analysis of the provisions of the Internal
Revenue Code relating to income deduc-
tions, inventories, and accounting
methods. Practical problems involving
determination of income and deductions,
capital gains and losses, computation and
payment of taxes through withholding at
the source, and through declaration are
considered. Planning transactions so that
a minimum amount of tax will result is
emphasized. Prerequisite: Accounting 10
or consent of instructor.

42 FEDERAL INCOME TAX

ADMINISTRATION AND PLANNING
An analysis of the provisions of the Inter-
nal Revenue Code relating to partner-
ships, estates, trusts, and corporations.
An extensive series of problems is con-
sidered, and effective tax planning is em-
phasized. Prerequisite: Accounting 41.

43 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING 1

An intensive study of partnerships, in-
stallment and consignment sales, branch
accounting, bankruptcy and reorganiza-
tion, estates and trusts, government en-
tities, nonprofit organizations, and ac-
counting and reporting for the SEC.
Prerequisite: Accounting 21. One-half
unit of credit.

20

44 CONTROLLERSHIP

Control process in the organization.
General systems theory, financial control
systems, centralization-decentralization,
performance measurement and evalua-
tion, forecasts and budgets, and
marketing, production and finance
models for control purposes. Prere-
quisite: Accounting 31 or consent of in-
structor. Alternate years.

45 AUDITING PRACTICE

An audit project is presented, solved and
the auditor's report written. THIS
COURSE IS LIMITED TO STUDENTS
WHO HAVE EITHER COMPLETED
OR ARE ENROLLED IN ACCOUN-
TING 40. One-half unit of credit. Grade
will be recorded as "S" or "U. "

46 SEMINAR ON APB OPINIONS AND
FASB STANDARDS

A seminar course for accounting majors
with library assignments to gain a
workable understanding of the highly
technical opinions of the Accounting
Principles Board and standards of the
Financial Accounting Standards Board.
One term paper. Possible trip to New
York City to attend a public hearing of
the Financial Accounting Standards
Board. Prerequisite: Accounting 10. May
term.

47 ADVANCED ACCOUNTING II
Certain areas of advanced accounting
theory, including business combinations,
consolidated financial statements, and ac-
counting and reporting for the Securities
and Exchange Commission are covered.
Prerequisite: Accounting 21. One- ha If
unit of credit.

48 CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS FOR
CPA CANDIDATES

Problems from the Accounting Practice
sections of past C.P.A. examinations,
which require a thorough knowledge of
the core courses in their solution, are
assigned. The course is intended to meet
the needs of those interested in public ac-
counting and preparation for the Cer-
tified Public Accountants Examination.
Prerequisite: Accounting 30 or consent of
instructor. One-half unit of credit. Grade
will be recorded as "S" or "U. "

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in accounting typically work off
campus under the supervision of a public
or private accountant.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Typical examples of recent studies in ac-
counting are: computer program to
generate financial statements, educational

core for public accountants, inventory
control, and church taxation.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)

ACCOUNTING —
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

Assistant Professor: Kuhns
(Coordinator)

The Accounting-Mathematical
Sciences interdisciplinary major is
designed to offer, within a liberal-arts
framework, courses which will aid in
constructing mathematical models
for business decision making.
Students obtain the necessary
substantial background in both
mathematical sciences and accoun-
ting.

Required accounting courses are:
Accounting 10, 20, 21, 30, 31, 41, 42.
In Mathematical Sciences required
courses are: Computer Science 15 and
37 and Mathematics 12, 18, 19, 38,
and 13 or 32. Recommended courses
include: Mathematics 20, 33;
Business 23, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39; Com-
puter Science 26; Economics 10, 11;
Psychology 15, 24; and Sociology 10.

AMERICAN STUDIES

Associate Professor: Piper
(Coordinator)

The American Studies major offers a
comprehensive program in American
civilization which introduces students
to the complexities underlying the
development of America and its con-
temporary life. The 13 major courses
include:

FOUR CORE COURSES — The
primary integrating units of the ma-
jor, these team-taught courses will
teach you how to think of ideas from
different points of view and how to
correlate information and methods
from various disciplines:

America As a Civilization (First
semester of major study)

American Studies — Research and
Methodology (Second semester)

American Tradition in the Arts and
Literature (Third semester)

Internship or Independent Study
(Junior and/or senior year)

CONCENTRATION AREAS —

Six courses in one option and three in
the other are needed. Six primary
concentration-option courses in
American Arts or American Society
build around the insights gained in
the core courses. They focus par-
ticular attention on areas most ger-
mane to academic and vocational in-
terests. The three additional courses
from the other option give further
breadth to understanding of
America. Students also will be en-
couraged to take elective courses
relating to other cultures.

American Arts Concentration Option

American Art — Art 24

American Art of the 20th Century — Art 32

19th Century American Literature

— English 22

20th Century American Literature

— English 23

American Music — Music 18 or 19
American Theatre — Theatre 51

American Society Concentration
Option

U.S. Social and Intellectual History to 1877

— History 42

U.S. Social and Intellectual History since 1877

— History 43

The American Constitutional System

— Political Science 30

The American Political Tradition

— Political Science 47
American Economic Development

— Economics 51

Racial and Cultural Minorities

— Sociology 34

Students should design their
American Studies major in consulta-
tion with the program coordinator or
a member of the American Studies
Committee.

10 AMERICA AS A CIVILIZATION

An analysis of the historical, socio-
cultural, economic, and political perspec-
tives on American civilization with special
attention to the inter-relationships bet-
ween these various orientations.

21

1 1 AMERICAN STUDIES — RESEARCH
AND METHODOLOGY

The study and application of various
research methods, including new trends in
historical study, quantitative analysis,
cross-cultural studies, and on-site inspec-
tion.

12 AMERICAN TRADITION IN THE
ARTS AND LITERATURE

The relationships of the arts and literature
to the various historical periods of
American life.

70-79 or 80-89 INTERNSHIP OR

INDEPENDENT STUDY
(See Index)
An opportunity to relate the learning in
the core courses and the concentration
areas to an actual supervised off-campus
learning situation or independent study
project.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
HONORS (See Index)

ART

Associate Professor: Shipley

(Chairman)

Assistant Professors: Bogle, Lesko

The Art Department offers two
degree programs: a bachelor of arts
degree and a bachelor of fine arts in
sculpture.

The B.A. degree:

The student chooses between a two-
dimensional and a three-dimensional
studio track, and completes a core art
history program.

The two-dimensional track consists
of Drawing I and II (Art 1 1 and 21),
Figure Modeling I (Art 16), Two-
Dimensional Design (Art 15), and
Painting I and II (Art 20 and 30).
Printmaking I and II (Art 28 and 38)
may be substituted for Painting I and
II (Art 20 and 30).

The three-dimensional track con-
sists of Drawing I and II (Art 1 1 and
21), Figure Modeling I (Art 16),
Sculpture I and II (Art 25 and 35),
and either Figure Modeling II (Art
26) or Sculpture III (Art 45).

22

Each major must take Art 22 and
23 (Survey of Art) and two additional
courses in art history (Art
24-31-32-33-34). Studio Research
(Art 46) in the chosen track is re-
quired along with participation in a
senior exhibition.

The BFA degree in sculpture:
The student completes a specified
course of study in the Art Depart-
ment, the Lycoming College distribu-
tion requirements, and one of the
field specialization apprenticeship
programs at the Johnson Atelier in
Princeton, New Jersey.

The Art Department course of
study consists of 12 courses in studio
and art history: Figure Modeling I
and II (Art 16 and 26), Sculpture I
and II (Art 25 and 35), Drawing I and
II (Art 11 and 21), Introduction to
Photography (Art 27), 2-D Design
(Art 15), Survey of Art (Art 22 and
23), and two additional courses in Art
History (Art 24, 31, 32, 33, 34).

Twelve additional course units are
required of the student. The student
must meet the requirements of the
distribution program within these
courses.

The student must also complete
one of the field specialization appren-
ticeships at the Johnson Atelier
Technical Institute of Sculpture in
Princeton, New Jersey. This requires
the student to be at the Johnson
Atelier for a period of between 16 and
23 Vi months. The student receives
eight course units of credit at
Lycoming College for successfully
completing the field specialization ap-
prenticeship at Johnson Atelier. It is
expected that the work for the ap-
prenticeship component will be com-
pleted during the summers and the
junior year.

Admission to the BFA degree pro-
gram is on the basis of meeting the
admission standards of Lycoming
College, and passing a portfolio
review and interview by members of
the Lycoming College Art Depart-
ment.

n DRAWING I

Study of the human figure with gesture
and proportion stressed. Student is made
familiar with different drawing techni-
ques and media. Some drawing from
nature. Offered in alternate semesters
with Drawing II and III.

12 COLOR THEORY

A study of the physical and emotional
aspects of color. Emphasis will be placed
on the study of color as an aesthetic agent
for the artist. The color theories of Johan-
nes Itten will form the base for this course
with some study of the theories of Albert
Munsell, Faber Berren, and Wilhelm
Ostwald.

15 TWO-DIMENSIONAL DESIGN

The basic fundamentals found in the two-
dimensional arts: line, shape, form,
space, color, and composition are taught
in relationship to the other two-
dimensional arts. Perceptual theories and
their relationships to what and why we see
what we see in art are discussed with each
problem.

16 FIGURE MODELING I
Understanding the figure will be ap-
proached through learning the basic struc-
tures and proportions of the figure. The
course is conceived as a three-dimensional
drawing class. At least one figure per stu-
dent will be cast.

19 CERAMICS I

Emphasis placed on pottery design as it
relates to function of vessels and the
design parameters imposed by the
characteristics of clay. The techniques of
ceramics are taught to encourage expres-
sion rather than to dispense merely a
technical body of information.

20 PAINTING I

An introduction of painting techniques
and materials. Coordination of color,
value, and design within the painting is
taught. Some painting from the figure.
No limitations as to painting media, sub-
ject matter, or style. Prerequisite: Art 15
or consent of instructor.

21 DRAWING 11

Continued study of the human figure.
Emphasis is placed on realism and figure-
ground coordination with the use of value
and design. Prerequisite: Art 11.

22 SURVEY OF ART: PREHISTORY TO
THE MIDDLE AGES

A survey of Western architecture,
sculpture, and painting. Emphasis is on
the interrelation of form and content and

on the relatedness of the visual arts to
their cultural environment: Near East,
Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Medieval
Europe.

23 SURVEY OF ART: FROM THE
RENAISSANCE TO THE MODERN
AGE

A survey of Western architecture,
sculpture, and painting. Emphasis is on
the interrelation of form and content and
on the relatedness of the visual arts to
their cultural environment: Renaissance
to modern.

24 AMERICAN ART OF THE 18TH AND
19TH CENTURIES

The development of the arts in America
from Colonial times through the 19th cen-
tury; from the unknown folk artist to
popular artists such as Winslow Homer
and Thomas Eakins.

25 SCULPTURE 1

An introduction to the techniques,
materials, and ideas of sculpture. Clay,
plaster, wax, wood, and other materials
will be used. The course will be concerned
with ideas about sculpture as expression,
and with giving material form to ideas.

26 FIGURE MODELING II

Will exploit the structures and
understandings learned in Figure Model-
ing I to produce larger, more complete
figurative works. There will be a require-
ment to cast one of the works in plaster.
Prerequisite: Art 16 and consent of in-
structor.

27 INTRODUCTION TO
PHOTOGRAPHY

Objectives of the course are to develop
technical skills in the use of photographic
equipment (cameras, films, darkroom,
print maker) and to develop sensitivity in
the areas of composition, form, light, pic-
ture quality, etc. Each student must own
or have access to a 35mm camera.

28 PRINTMAKING I

Practice of the techniques of silk-screen,
wood-block, and linoleum-block printing.
Prerequisite: Art 11 or 15.

29 CERAMICS II

Continuation of Ceramics I. Emphasis on
use of the wheel and technical aspects
such as glaze making and kiln firing.
Prerequisite: Art 19.

30 PAINTING II

Emphasis is placed on individual style and
technique. Artists and movements in art
are studied. No limitations as to painting

media, subject matter, or style. Prere-
quisite: Art 20.

31 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN ART
Stylistic developments in Europe from
1880 to the present, including Cubism,
Fauvism, Expressionism, Dada, and Sur-
realism. Picasso, Matisse, Kandinsky,
and Mondrian are among the major ar-
tists studied.

32 AMERICAN ART OF THE 20TH
CENTURY

Painting, sculpture, and architecture in
the United States from 1900 to the present
with emphasis on developments of the
1950's and 1960's: an inquiry into the
meaning and historical roots of contem-
porary art.

33 19TH CENTURY EUROPEAN ART
Emphasis on painting, sculpture, and ar-
chitecture of Western Europe from 1760
to 1900, including the work of late 18th-
century artists David and Goya and 19th-
century developments from Romanticism
to Post-impressionism.

34 ART OF THE RENAISSANCE
Painting, sculpture, and architecture in
Italy and the Northern countries from the
late 13th century through the early 16th
century. Artists include Giotto,
Donatello, Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci,
Michelangelo, Van Eyck, Durer, and
Bruegel.

35 SCULPTURE II

A continuation of Sculpture I (Art 25).
Emphasis is on advanced technical pro-
cesses. Casting of bronze and aluminum
sculpture will be done in the school foun-
dry. Prerequisite: Art 25.

37 PHOTOGRAPHY II

To extend the skills developed in
Photography I by continued growth in
technical expertise, presentation, concep-
tual ability, and aesthetic sensibility. Em-
phasis is placed upon term essay in area of
student's interest and presented in booklet
format. Prerequisite: Art 27.

38 PRINTMAKING II

Further exploration of silk-screen printing
techniques, practice of the techniques of
engraving, drypoint, etching, and aqua-
tint.

40 PAINTING III

Professional quality is stressed. There is
some experimentation with new painting
techniques and styles.

41 DRAWING III

Continued study of human figure, in-
dividual style, and professional control of
drawing techniques and media are now
emphasized.

45 SCULPTURE III

In Sculpture III the student is expected to
produce a series of sculptures that follow
a conceptual and technical line of
development. Prerequisites: Art 16, 25.
and 35.

46 STUDIO RESEARCH

Independent research in an elective studio
area, conducted under the supervision of
the appropriate faculty member, includes
creation of work which may be incor-
porated in the senior group exhibition.
Student works in private studio assigned
by the department.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Commercial design, interior design, and
photography programs in local
businesses, and museum work at the
Lycoming County Historical Museum.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Recent studies in anatomy. Aspects of the
art noveau, lithography, photography,
pottery, problems in illustration, and
watercolor.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR

DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See
Index)

ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS

Professor: Fineman
Assistant Professor: Erickson
(Chairman)
Instructor: Keig

The department offers two majors.
The major in astronomy is specifical-
ly designed to train students in the
field of planetarium education. The
major in physics prepares students
for graduate work in physics or
astronomy, for the cooperative pro-
gram in engineering, or for state cer-
tification as secondary school
teachers of physics. Juniors and
seniors in both majors are required to
attend and participate in the weekly
departmental colloquia.

A number of courses in this depart-
ment are offered on two levels, which
differ in the degree of mathematical

23

rigor and sophistication needed. All
such courses have dual catalog
numbers, with the letters B (basic)
and A (advanced) appearing after the
course names to indicate the level.
Both the B and A level of a course
meet together for the same three
hours of lecture each week, while the
A level meets for one additional hour
each week of more advanced
mathematical development of the
material. This system is designated as
the "3 + 1" method. No student may
earn credit for both levels of a course.

The major in astronomy requires
AsPh 11,12, either 15 or 25, either 16
or 26, 30, either 34 or 44, either 35 or
45, and either 36 or 46; Mathematics
18 and 19 (Calculus I and II), and one
year of chemistry. One or more of the
following are recommended: AsPh 3,
4, 5, 27, and 33, and Art 27
(Photography I).

The major in physics requires AsPh
11, either 12 or 13, 25, 26, 28, 29, and
at least two courses chosen from 27,
33, 37, 38, 44, 45, 46, and 48;
Mathematics 18 and 19 (Calculus I
and II), and one year of chemistry.
With departmental consent, advanc-
ed courses may be substituted for
AsPh 11, 12, or 13. Students in the
cooperative engineering program may
substitute AsPh 27 for 29. In addi-
tion, Mathematics 20 (Multivariate
Calculus) and 21 (Differential Equa-
tions) are required for graduate
school preparation and the
cooperative engineering program. It
is also recommended that students
planning on graduate study take a
foreign language and courses in com-
puter science.

3 OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY

A methods course providing the oppor-
tunity to make a variety of astronomical
observations, both visually and
photographically, with and without
telescopes. The planetarium is used to
familiarize the student with the sky at
various times during the year and from
different locations on earth.

4 FIELD GEOLOGY

A methods course introducing the field

techniques needed to study the geology of
an area. May term.

5 HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY

A comprehensive view of the evolution of
astronomical thought from ancient
Greece to the present, emphasizing the
impact that astronomical discoveries and
the conquest of space have had on
Western culture. Four hours of lecture per
week.

1 PRINCIPLES OF ASTRONOMY (B)

1 1 PRINCIPLES OF ASTRONOMY (A)

A summary of current concepts of the
universe from the solar system to distant
galaxies. Describes the techniques and in-
struments used in astronomical research.
Presents not only what is reasonably well
known about the universe, but also con-
siders some of the major unsolved pro-
blems. Lectures presented by the "3 + I"
method; also two hours of laboratory per
week. Fall semester. Corequisite for II:
Mathematics 17 or consent of instructor.

2 EARTH SCIENCE (B)

12 EARTH SCIENCE (A)

A study of the physical processes that
continually affect the planet Earth, shap-
ing our environment. Describes how past
events and lifeforms can be reconstructed
from preserved evidence to reveal the
history of our planet from its origin to the
present. Emphasizes the ways in which
geology, meteorology, and oceanography
interrelate with man and the environment.
Lectures presented by the "3 + I"
method; also two hours of laboratory per
week. Spring semester. Corequisite for
12: Mathematics 17 or consent of instruc-
tor.

13 METEOROLOGY

The general properties of the atmosphere
and their measurements will be discussed
in terms of basic physical and chemical
laws. Two basic themes will guide the ap-
proach, i.e., the atmosphere behaves like
a giant heat engine, and weather patterns
exist from a micro-to-macro scale. Three
lectures and one two-hour laboratory per
week. May term only. Alternate years.

15-16 PHYSICS WITH LIFE SCIENCE
APPLICATIONS
The basic concepts, principles, and laws
of physics are presented in this non-
calculus introductory physics course.
Topics include mechanics, elastic proper-
ties of matter, fluids, thermodynamics,
electricity and magnetism, waves, optics,
and radioactivity. Many of the examples
and problems used to illustrate the physics
are selected from the life sciences. Three
hours of lecture, one hour of recitation.

and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisite: Mathematics 17 or consent
of instructor. (Credit may not be earned
for both 15 and 25 or for both 16 and 26.)

25-26 INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS WITH
CALCULUS
A mathematically rigorous introduction
to physics designed for majors in physics,
astronomy, chemistry, and mathematics.
Topics include mechanics, ther-
modynamics, electricity and magnetism,
waves, optics, and modern physics. Five
hours of lecture and recitation and one
three-hour laboratory per week. Core-
quisite: Mathematics 18-19 (Calculus I
and II). (Credit may not be earned for
both 15 and 25 or for both 16 and 26.)

27 ELECTRONICS

D.C. and A.C. circuit and network
theory, active devices such as transistors,
operational amplifiers, integrated cir-
cuits, and introduction to digital elec-
tronics will be covered. Three lectures and
two two-hour laboratory sessions per
week. Prerequisites: Astronomy/ Physics
16 or 26, and Mathematics 9 or 18 or con-
sent of instructor. Alternate years.

28 MECHANICS

Kinematics and dynamics of single par-
ticles and systems of particles. Rigid
bodies. Introduction to the mechanics of
continuous media. Moving reference
frames. Lagrangian mechanics. Four
hours of lecture and three hours of
laboratory per week. Prerequisites:
Astronomy and Physics 25 (Concepts of
Phvsics A) and Mathematics 19 (Calculus
III

29 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
The electromagnetic field, electrical
potential, magnetic field and electric and
magnetic properties of matter. Electric
circuits. Maxwell's equations. Laboratory
includes electronics as well as classical
electricity and magnetism. Four hours of
lecture and three hours of laboratory per
week. Prerequisite: Astronomy and
Physics 26 (Waves and Particles A).

30 PLANETARIUM TECHNIQUES

A methods course covering major aspects
of planetarium programming, operation
and maintenance. Students are required
to prepare and present a planetarium
show. Upon successfully completing the
course, students are eligible to become
planetarium assistants. Two hours of lec-
ture and demonstration and four hours of
practical training per week. Prerequisites:
Astronomy and Physics I or 11 (Prin-
ciples of Astronomy) or consent of the in-
structor.

24

33 OPTICS

Geometrical optics and optical systems;
physical optics, interference, Fraunhofer
and Fresnel diffraction and coherence and
lasers will be covered. Three lectures and
three-hour laboratory per week. Prere-
quisites: Astronomy/ Physics 16 or 26 and
Mathematics 9 or 18 or consent of instruc-
tor. A Iternate years.

34 RELATIVITY AND COSMOLOGY B

44 RELATIVITY AND COSMOLOGY A
A detailed presentation of the special
theory of relativity, and a short view of
the general theory and its classical proofs.
Man's concepts of the universe, with par-
ticular attention to alternative modern
cosmological models. Discussion of the
Cosmological Principle, its rationale, and
its implications. Lectures will be
presented by the "3 + I " method. Credit
may not be earned for both Astronomy
and Physics 34 and 44. Prerequisites for
Astronomy and Physics 34: 11 (Principles
of Astronomy) and either Astronomy and
Physics 15 or 25 (Concepts of Physics B
or A), Mathematics 18 (Calculus I).
Prerequisites for Astronomy and Physics
44: 11 (Principles of Astronomy) and 25
(Concepts of Physics A). Alternate years.

35 STELLAR EVOLUTION AND
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS B

45 STELLAR EVOLUTION AND
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS A

The physical principles governing the in-
ternal structure and external appearance
of stars. Mechanisms of energy genera-
tion and transport within stars. The
evolution of stars from initial formation
to final stages. The creation of chemical
elements by nucleosynthesis. Lectures
presented by the "3 + I " method. Credit
may not be earned for both Astronomy
and Physics 35 and 45. Prerequisites for
Astronomy and Physics 35: 11 (Principles
of Astronomy) and either Astronomy and
Physics 16 or 26 (Waves and Particles B
or A). Corequisite for Astronomy and
Physics 35: Mathematics 19 (Calculus II)
or consent of instructor. Prerequisites for
Astronomy and Physics 45: II (Principles
of Astronomy) and 26 (Waves and Par-
ticles A). Alternate years.

36 STELLAR DYNAMICS AND
GALACTIC STRUCTURE B

46 STELLAR DYNAMICS AND
GALACTIC STRUCTURE A
The notion of objects in gravitational
fields. Introduction to the n-body pro-
blem. The relation between stellar
motions and the galactic potential. The
large scale structure of galaxies in general
and of the Milky Way Galaxy in par-
ticular. Lectures presented by the "3 +

1" method. Credit may not be earned for
both Astronomy and Physics 36 and 46.
Prerequisites for 36: 11 (Principles of
Astronomy) and either 15 or 25 (Concepts
of Physics B or A). Corequisite for
Astronomy and Physics 36: Mathematics
19 (Calculus II) or consent of instructor.
Prerequisite for Astronomy and Physics
46: 11 (Principles of Astronomy) and 25
(Concepts of Physics A). Corequisite for
Astronomy and Physics 46: 28
(Mechanics) or consent of instructor.
A Iternate years.

37 THERMODYNAMICS AND
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Classical thermodynamics will be
presented showing that the macroscopic
properties of a system can be specified
without a knowledge of the microscopic
properties of the constituents of the
system. Then, statistical mechanics will be
developed showing these same macro-
scopic properties. Four hours of lecture
and recitation per week. Prerequisites:
AsPh 16 or 26 and Mathematics 19
(Calculus It). Alternate years.

38 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR
PHYSICS

The development of the principles and
methods of quantum mechanics from the
earliest evidence of quantization. Struc-
ture and spectra of atoms and molecules.
Extension of quantum theory to the solid
state. Four hours of lecture and recitation
and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisite: AsPh 16 or 26 and
Mathematics 19 (Calculus II). Alternate
years.

48 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM
MECHANICS

Basic concepts and formulation of quan-
tum theory. The free particle, the simple
harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom,
and central force problems will be discuss-
ed. Both time-independent and time-
dependent perturbation theory will be
covered. Four hours of lecture and recita-
tion. Prerequisite: either Astronomy and
Physics 26 (Waves and Particles A) or
Chemistry 31 (Physical Chemistry II) and
Mathematics 21 (Differential Equations).

49 ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS
COLLOQUIA

Active scientists in astronomy, physics,
and related areas are invited to present
lectures on their own research or other
professional activities. In addition,
seniors majoring in astronomy or physics
present the results of a literature survey or
individual research project. One hour per
week. Majors in this department must at-
tend three semesters without credit during

junior and senior years (register for non-
credit 00, Colloquia). Credit may be earn-
ed during the senior semester in which the
student's presentation is given.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in physics work off campus under
the supervision of professional physicists
employed by local industries or hospitals.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Independent studies may be undertaken in
most areas of astronomy and/or physics.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR

DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See
Index)

BIOLOGY

Associate Professors: Angstadt
(Chairman), Diehl, Zaccaria
Assistant Professors: Gabriel,
D. King, Zimmerman
A major consists of eight biology
courses, including 10-11, 21, 22, 23,
24, and 25. Departmental internships
cannot be used to fulfill the eighth re-
quired course. In addition, three units
of chemistry and two units of
mathematical science are required.
The chemistry requirement must in-
clude at least one unit of organic
chemistry chosen from Chemistry 15,
20, or 21. The mathematical science
courses must be chosen from Com-
puter Science 15 and Mathematics 9,
13, 17 or above, or their equivalent.
Certain specific exceptions to the core
program will be made for three-year
students enrolled in cooperative pro-
grams. Such exceptions are noted
under the particular cooperative pro-
gram described in the last section of
the Academic Program chapter of the
catalog. Students interested in these
programs should contact the program
director before finalizing their in-
dividual programs. Credit may not be
earned for both Biology 1 and 10 or
for both Biology 2 and 1 1 . Consent of
instructor may replace Biology 10-11
as a prerequisite for all biology
courses.

25

1-2 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY

An investigation of biological principles,
including ecological systems, form and
function in selected representative
organisms (especially man), cell theory,
molecular biology, reproduction, in-
heritance, adaptation, and evolution. The
course is designed primarily for students
not planning to major in the biological
sciences. Three hours of lecture and one
two-hour laboratory per week.

3 FIELD BIOLOGY FOR TEACHERS
A methods course for students preparing
to teach biology. Sources and methods of
collecting and preserving various plant
and animal materials. Summer term only.

5-6 HUMAN ANATOMY —
PHYSIOLOGY

An introduction to the physics and
chemistry relative to biological systems.
Human anatomy, physiology, and
developmental biology will be surveyed.
An introduction to microbiology with em-
phasis given to host-pathogen relation-
ships and the immune response. Three
hours of lecture and one three-hour
laboratory per week.

10- 1 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

An introduction to the study of biology
designed for students planning to major
in the biological sciences. Major topics
considered include the origin of life,
cellular respiration and photosynthesis,
genetics, development, anatomy and
physiology, ecology, behavior, and evolu-
tion. Three hours of lecture and one
three-hour laboratory per week.

21 MICROBIOLOGY

A study of microorganisms. Emphasis is
given to the identification and physiology
of microorganisms as well as to their role
in disease, their economic importance,
and industrial applications. Three hours
of lecture and two-hour laboratory
periods per week. Prerequisite: Biology
10-11.

22 GENETICS

A general consideration of the principles
governing inheritance, including treat-
ment of classical, molecular, cytological,
physiological, microbial, human, and
population genetics. Three hours of lec-
ture and two two-hour laboratory periods
per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1 0-1 1.

23

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
The mechanisms and functions of animal
systems, including the autonomic, en-
docrine, digestive, cardio-vascular,
respiratory, renal, nervous, and reproduc-
tive systems. Mammalian physiology is

stressed. Three hours of lecture and one
three-hour laboratory per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-1 1.

24 ECOLOGY

The study of the principles of ecology
with emphasis on the role of chemical,
physical, and biological factors affecting
the distribution and succession of plant
and animal populations and communities.
Included will be field studies of local
habitats as well as laboratory experimen-
tation. Two hours of lecture and one
four-hour laboratory per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-11.

25 PLANT SCIENCES

A survey of the structure, development,
function, classification, and use of plants
and related organisms. The study will
comprise four general topic areas: form,
including morphology and anatomy of
plants in growth and reproduction; func-
tion, concentrating on nutrition and
metabolism peculiar to photosynthetic
organisms; classification systems and
plant identification, and human uses of
plants. Three hours of lecture and one
three-hour laboratory per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-1 1.

30 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF
VERTEBRATES

Detailed examination of the origins,
structure, and functions of the principal
organs of the vertebrates. Special atten-
tion is given to the progressive modifica-
tion of organs from lower to higher
vertebrates. Three hours of lecture and
one four-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate

31 HISTOLOGY

A study of the basic body tissues and the
microscopic anatomy of the organs and
structures of the body which are formed
from them. Focus is on normal human
histology. Three hours of lecture and one
four-hour laboratory per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

32 PLANT AND GREENHOUSE
MANAGEMENT

A course concerned with the care of
houseplants and the management of small
greenhouses. Class time will include lec-
tures, discussions, demonstrations,
greenhouse exercises, and field trips to
local greenhouses. Topics will include the
theoretical and practical aspects of the
care and feeding, propagation, light and
water requirements, and disease control
for many of the common house and
greenhouse plants. Prerequisite: Biology
1-2 or 10-11. Mav term only.

33 ECONOMIC AND
SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

Structure and classification of plants with
emphasis on those species, particularly
food and drug plants, having significance
for human affairs. Three hours of lecture
and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisites: Biology 10-11. Biology 25.
A Iternate years.

34 INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
Comparative study of the invertebrate
phyla with emphasis on phylogeny,
physiology, morphology, and ecology.
Two three-hour lecture/laboratory
periods per week. Prerequisite: Biology
10-11. Alternate years.

35 CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
Physico-chemical background of cellular
function: functions of membrane systems
and organelles; metabolic pathways;
biochemical and cellular bases of growth,
development and responses of organisms.
Three hours of lecture and one three-hour
laboratory per week. Prerequisite:
Biology 10-11 and a year of chemistry.
Alternate years.

36 INTRODUCTION TO MARINE
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL
OCEANOGRAPHY

The study of major marine habitats and
the adaptations of marine organisms as
well as the physical and chemical
characteristics of oceans. This field-
oriented course is held at a major marine
biological station, and includes diving and
collecting from boats. Prerequisite:
Biology 10-11. May term only.

37 FIELD ORNITHOLOGY

A field-oriented course, with in-the-field
discussions, demonstrations, and exer-
cises dealing with the systematics and
identification of the birds of the Northern
U.S., their behavior, migration, habitat
selection, and populations dynamics.
Studies will stress experimental techniques
used in the field, including banding,
recording and playback methods, ter-
ritorial mapping, and population
analysis. Prerequisite: Biology 10-11.
May term only.

38 CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

A rigorous introduction to clinical
microbiology with emphasis given to
rapid identification of human bacterial
pathogens. Laboratory to include such
diagnostic procedures as antibiotic sen-
sitivity testing, serological diagnosis,
anaerobic culture techniques, and
hemolytic reactions. Field trips will be

26

taken to several clinical labs. Prere-
quisites: Biology 10-11, Biology 21. May
term onlv.

39 MEDICAL GENETICS

This course is concerned with the relation-
ships of heredity to disease. Discussions
will focus on topics such as chromosomal
abnormalities, metabolic variation and
disease, somatic cell genetics, genetic
screening, and immunogenetics.
Laboratory exercises will offer practical
experiences in genetic diagnostic techni-
ques. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2 or 10-11.
Mav term onlv.

40 PARASITOLOGY AND

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY

The biology of parasites and parasitism.
Studies on the major groups of animal
parasites and anthropod vectors of
disease will involve taxonomy and life
cycles. Emphasis will be made on
parasites of medical and veterinary im-
portance. Three hours of lecture and one
three-hour laboratory per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

41 VERTEBRATE
EMBRYOLOGY

A study of the development of vertebrates
from fertilization to the fully formed
fetus. Particular attention is given to the
chick and human as representative
organisms. Two three-hour lec-
ture/laboratory periods per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

42 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

A study of the causation, function, evolu-
tion, and biological significance of animal
behaviors in their normal environment
and social contexts. Three hours of lec-
ture and one four-hour laboratory each
week. Prerequisite: Biology 10-/1. Alter-
nate vears.

44 BIOCHEMISTRY

Emphasis is given to the metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, pro-
teins, and nucleic acids; integration of
metabolism; and biochemical control
mechanisms, including allosteric control,
induction, repression, as well as the
various types of inhibitive control
mechanisms. Three hours of lecture, one
three-hour laboratory and one hour of ar-
ranged work per week. Prerequisite:
Chemistry 20-21 or Chemistry 5, or con-
sent of instructor. Cross-listed as
Chemistry 44. Alternate years.

46 PLANT ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY

A study of plant physiology as a function
of plant anatomy. Metabolic relationships
and environmental factors will be examin-
ed from a background of the structure
and development of cells, tissues, organs,
and whole plants. Three hours of lecture
and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisites: Biology 10-11, Biology 25.
A Iternate years.

47 IMMUNOLOGY

The course introduces concepts concern-
ing how pathogens cause disease and host
defense mechanisms against infectious
diseases. Characterization of and rela-
tionships between antigens, haptens, and
antibodies are presented. Serological
assays will include: agglutination
precipitations, immunofluorescence, Im-
munoelectrophoresis, and complement
fixation. Other topics are: immediate and
delayed hypersensitivities (i.e. allergies
such as hay fever and poison ivy), im-
munological renal diseases, im-
munohematology (blood groups, etc.),
the chemistry and function of comple-
ment autoimmunity, and organ graft re-
jection phenomena. Three hours of lec-
ture, one three-hour laboratory, and one
hour of arranged work per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

48 ENDOCRINOLOGY

This course begins with a survey of the
role of the endocrine hormones in the in-
tegration of body functions. This is
followed by a study of the control of hor-
mone synthesis and release, and a con-
sideration of the mechanisms by which
hormones accomplish their effects on
target organs. Two three-hour lec-
ture/laboratory periods per week. Prere-
quisite: Biology 10-11. Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Recent samples of internships in the
department include ones with the Depart-
ment of Environmental Resources,
nuclear medicine or rehabilitative
therapies at the local hospital.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Departmental studies are experimentally
oriented and may entail either lab or field
work.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)
Examples of recent honors projects have
involved stream analysis, gypsy moth
research, drug synthesis and testing.

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Professor: Hollenback
Assistant Professor: E.
Weaver (Chairman)
Instructor: Gordon
Lecturer: Larrabee

King,

In order to graduate with a major
in business administration, a student
must complete one of the following
two tracks:

Track I — Business Management

This track is designed to train
students in the functions of today's
profit and nonprofit organizations.
The program provides a well-
balanced preparation for a wide
variety of careers, including general
administration, personnel ad-
ministration, commercial banking,
investments and portfolio manage-
ment, security analysis, corporate
financial management, general
marketing, sales, product manage-
ment, advertising, retail merchandis-
ing, and production and manufactur-
ing management.

Required courses are Business
10-11, 23, 28-29, 38-39, 40, and 41,
and Mathematics 13. Business 32, 43,
or 44 may be substituted for Business
29, and Business 33 may be
substituted for Business 39. Accoun-
ting 10 may be substituted for
Business 10 if the student is transferr-
ing into the Business Administration
major, but duplicate credit will not be
granted.

Majors are also urged to enroll in
Economics 10 and 11, Business 35
and 36, Mathematics 12, and Com-
puter Science 15. Majors also are en-
couraged to take a foreign language.
The additional elective offerings are
intended to add depth in the areas of
finance, marketing, and manage-
ment.

Track II — Management Science

This track is designed to train
students in the quantitative aspects of
business administration. It provides
excellent undergraduate preparation

27

for graduate study in management
science, operations research, and
quantitative business administration.
The program also provides a solid
preparation for careers in production
control, systems analysis, research,
forecasting, industrial and technical
sales as well as any of the functional
areas of business where quantitative
training would be an added qualifica-
tion.

Required courses are Business
10-11, 23, 38-39, 46; Economics 10,
11, 41; Mathematics 18-19, 12, 13,
38, and Computer Science 15. Ac-
counting 10 may be substituted for
Business 10 if the student is transferr-
ing into the business administration
major.

In addition, the following are
strongly recommended: Business 41,
and Mathematics 14 and 37. Also,
depending upon the interest of the
students, the following combinations
of courses are recommended: either
Mathematics 31 and Computer
Science 26, or Business 28 and
Business 40, or Business 33 and
Economics 30 and 31.

10-11 MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING

The business firm is a decision-making in-
stitution adapting to a constantly chang-
ing environment. Future administrators
and managers are introduced to their
stewardship responsibilities by use of ac-
counting and statistical techniques as
tools in planning and controlling the
organization.

23 QUANTITATIVE

BUSINESS ANALYSIS
Techniques of quantitative analysis useful
in making business decisions. Topics in-
clude: decision theory, inventory models,
network models, queuing, forecasting,
and utility. Prerequisite: Mathematics 13
or consent of instructor.

28-29 MARKETING MANAGEMENT

Planning, organization, and control of
the distribution activities of the firm, and
an analysis and evaluation of the
marketing system, its institutions, and
processes. Application of marketing prin-
ciples and the development of strategies
for specific marketing problems.
Product, channel flow, promotion, and
pricing strategies explored. Readings,
cases, and games.

28

32 ADVERTISING

Nature, scope, methods, and effects of
promotion. Techniques of analysis and
control in the use of advertising and
publicity as tools in developing business
strategy.

33 INVESTMENTS

An introduction to the financial sector of
the economy and the structure and func-
tions of financial markets and the agen-
cies involved; brokerage houses and stock
exchanges; the various types of in-
vestments available. Techniques used to
evaluate financial securities. Also covered
are recent developments in investment
theory.

34 INSURANCE

Analysis of the major insurance methods
of overcoming risk, including life, acci-
dent, health, marine, and social in-
surance. Fidelity and surety bonds. Com-
mercial and government plans.

35 LEGAL PRINCIPLES I

Lectures and analysis of cases on the
nature, sources, and fundamentals of the
law in general, and particularly as relating
to contracts, agency, and negotiable in-
struments. Open only to juniors and
seniors.

36 LEGAL PRINCIPLES II

Lectures on the fundamentals and history
of the law relating to legal association,
real property, wills, and estates. Open on-
ly to juniors and seniors.

38-39 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Financial planning, analysis, and control
in corporations. Development and ap-
plication of financial principles. Financial
market, profit planning, ratio analysis,
working capital management, interest
rates and capital budgeting, financial and
operating leverage, cost of capital, valua-
tion, dividend policy, long-and short-term
financing, leases, mergers, and acquisi-
tions. Prerequisite: Business II or Ac-
counting 20, and Business 23.

40 MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
Structural characteristics and functional
relationships of a business organization as
well as the problems encountered in coor-
dinating the internal resources of a firm.
Emphasis on administrative efficiency
and procedures.

41 BUSINESS POLICIES

Planning, organization, and control of
business operations; setting of goals;
coordination of resources, development
of policies. Analysis of strategic decisions
encompassing all areas of a business, and

the use and analysis of control measures.
Emphasis on both the internal relation-
ship of various elements of production,
finance, marketing, and personnel, and
the relationship of the business entity to
external stimuli. Readings, cases, and
games. Prerequisites: Business 23, 28-29,
28-39, and 40, or consent of instructor.
Seniors only.

42 PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

An introduction to the managerial
problems of recruiting, selecting, train-
ing, and retraining the human resources
of the firm. Emphasis is placed on the in-
terrelationship of personnel policies with
management objectives and philosophies
in such areas as fringe benefits, wage and
salary policies, union activities, and
health and safety.

43 RETAIL MANAGEMENT I
Planning, organization, and control of
the retailing firm. Competitive strategy
development through store location,
layout, administration organization, buy-
ing, and pricing. Cases, reading, and
papers. Alternate years.

44 RETAIL MANAGEMENT II

Inventory control, retail sales, promo-
tion, and financial analysis of the enter-
prise. Survey of current issues and
government, social and economic forces
of concern to the retailer. Retailing prin-
ciples applied to specific management
situations through cases, games, and
reading. Prerequisite: Business 43 or con-
sent of instructor. A Iternate years.

45 MARKETING RESEARCH

This is a study of the principles and prac-
tices of Marketing Research. The focus is
on the development and application of
Marketing Research Studies. Topics
covered include selection of a research
design, project planning and scheduling,
data specification and gathering, quan-
titative methods to analyze data, inter-
pretation of data, and research report
writing. Readings, cases, and research
project. Prerequisite: Mathematics 13,
Business 28, or consent of instructor.

46 PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

An introduction to the planning, organiz-
ing, and controlling of operations in a
productive facility. The course also incor-
porates quantitative techniques used in
production- and operations-management
applications. Topics include: capacity and
layout planning, facility locations, job
design and work measurement, produc-
tion planning and scheduling, inventory
and quality control.

47 CREATIVE ADVERTISING

A workshop concerned with theme, copy,
and effective presentation of adver-
tisements for print media, radio, and
direct mail. Primarily an exploration of
creativity through analysis of works of ar-
tists and writers with application to prac-
tical advertising, and tailored to the in-
terests of individual students. May term.

48 SALES SEMINAR

The role of selling in the economy. The
art of creative selling; application of
theories from the behavioral sciences to
selling through the analysis of sales situa-
tions and techniques. Alternate years.

49 MANAGING THE SMALL BUSINESS
How the potential businessman proceeds
in establishing, operating, and profiting
from a small business operation. Con-
sidered and analyzed are such aspects as
marketing, managing, financing, pro-
moting, insuring, establishing, develop-
ing, and staffing the small retail,
wholesale service, and manufacturing
firm. May term.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Typical examples are marketing analysis
for a paper products firm, planning a
branch store, hotel and real estate
management, banking and insurance.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Examples of recent studies are: the
economic impact of a college on a com-
munity; a marketing strategy for a local
firm entering the consumer market.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR

DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See
Index)
A recent project was a study of the evolu-
tion of anti-trust legislation in the United
States.

CHEMISTRY

Professors: Hummer, Radspinner

Associate Professor: Franz

(Chairman)

Part-time Instructor: Baggett

A major in chemistry consists of
Chemistry 10-11, 20-21 , 30-3 1 , 32 and
33; Astronomy/Physics 25-26;
Mathematics 18, 19 and one of the
following courses: Mathematics 13,
20, 21, 32, or Computer Science 15.
Mathematics 20 and 21 and French or
German are strongly recommended

for students planning on graduate
study in chemistry. To be certified in
secondary education, chemistry ma-
jors must also pass two biology
courses numbered 10 or higher.

8 CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES

An introduction to the principles of in-
organic chemistry. Topics include atomic
and molecular structure, nomenclature,
gases, solution, acids and bases, kinetics,
equilibrium, oxidation-reduction, and
stoichiometry. The approach is primarily
descriptive, with illustrations drawn most-
ly from the health sciences. Along with
Chemistry 15, this course is designed for
those students who require only two
semesters of chemistry, and is not intend-
ed for students planning to enroll in
Chemistry courses numbered 20 or above.
Three hours lecture, one hour discussion,
and one three-hour laboratory period
each week. Prerequisite: high school
algebra or Math 5. Not open for credit lo
students who have received credit for
Chemistry 10.

10 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I

A quantitative introduction to the con-
cepts and models of chemistry. Topics in-
clude stoichiometry, atomic and
molecular structure, nomenclature, bon-
ding, thermochemistry, gases, solutions,
and chemical reactions. The laboratory
introduces the student to methods of
separation, purification and identification
of compounds according to their physical
properties. This course is designed for
students who plan to major in one of the
sciences. Three hours lecture, one hour
discussion and one three- hour laboratory
period each week. Prerequisite: placement
in Chemistry 10 is determined in part by a
student's score on the mathematics place-
men! examination. Not open for credit to
students who have received credit for
Chemistry 8, except by permission of the
Chemistry Department.

1 1 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II

A continuation of Chemistry 10, with em-
phasis placed on the foundations of
analytical, inorganic and physical
chemistry. Topics include kinetics,
general and ionic equilibria, acid-base
theory, electrochemistry, ther-
modynamics, nuclear chemistry, coor-
dination chemistry, and descriptive in-
organic chemistry of selected elements.
The laboratory treats aspects of quan-
titative and qualitative inorganic analysis.
Three hours lecture, one hour discussion,
and one three-hour laboratory period
each week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 10, or
consent of the Chemistry Department.

15 BRIEF ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY

A descriptive study of the compounds of
carbon. This course will illustrate the
principles of organic chemistry with
material relevant to students in medical
technology, biology, nursing, forestry,
education and the humanities. Topics in-
clude nomenclature, alkanes, arenes,
functional derivatives, amino acids and
proteins, carbohydrates and other
naturally occurring compounds. This
course is designed for students who re-
quire only one semester of organic
chemistry. Three hours lecture, one hour
discussion, and one four-hour laboratory
period each week. Prerequisite:
Chemistry 8 or 10. Not open for credit to
students who have received credit for
Chemistry 20.

20-21 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

A systematic study of the compounds of
carbon, including both aliphatic and
aromatic series. The laboratory work in-
troduces the student to simple fundamen-
tal methods of organic synthesis, isola-
tion, and analysis. Three hours lecture
and one four-hour laboratory period each
week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 11.

26 CLINICAL ANALYSIS

A presentation of selected wet-chemical
and instrumental methods of quantitative
analysis with an orientation toward
clinical applicatons in medical
technology. Topics include: general
methods and calculations; solutions; titra-
tions; photometric analyses (colorimetric,
atomic absorption, flame emission); elec-
trochemical methods (ion-selective elec-
trodes, coulometry), automation. Lec-
ture, recitation, and laboratory daily.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 10-11 or consent
of instructor. May not be taken for credit
following Chemistry 32. May term only.

30-31 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

A study of the fundamental principles of
theoretical chemistry and their applica-
tions. The laboratory work includes
techniques in physiochemical
measurements. Three hours lecture and
one four-hour laboratory period each
week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 11,
Mathematics 19, and one year of physics
or-consent of instructor.

32 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

A study of the fundamental methods of
gravimetric, volumetric, and elementary
instrumental analysis together with prac-
tice in laboratory techniques and calcula-
tions of these methods. Two hours lecture
and two three-hour laboratory periods
each week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 1 1 or
consent of instructor.

29

33 ADVANCED INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY

A study of modern theories of atomic and
molecular structure and their relationship
to the chemistry of selected elements and
their compounds. Three hours lecture and
one four-hour laboratory period each
week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 30,
Mathematics 19, and one year of physics
or consent of instructor.

39 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM
MECHANICS

After presenting the origin, basic con-
cepts, and formulation of quantum
mechanics with emphasis on its physical
meaning, the free particle, simple har-
monic oscillator, and central-force
problems will be investigated. Both time-
independent and time-dependent pertur-
bation theory will be covered. The elegant
operator formalism of quantum
mechanics will conclude the course. Four
hours of lecture and recitation. Prere-
quisites: Mathematics 21, either
Chemistry 31 or Astronomy and Physics
26, and consent of instructor. Cross-listed
as Astronomy and Physics 48.

40 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Selected topics, which may include
mechanisms of organic reactions, syn-
thesis, detailed structure and chemistry of
natural products, polynuclear hydrocar-
bons, and aromatic heterocyclics. Three
hours lecture. Prerequisite: Chemist r\ 2 1

41 QUALITATIVE ORGANIC ANALYSIS
Theory and application of the systematic
identification of pure organic compounds
and mixtures. Two hours lecture and two
three-hour laboratory periods each week.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 21.

43 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY

A study of advanced analytical methods
with emphasis on chromatographic, elec-
trochemical, and spectroscopic methods
of instrumental analysis. Three hours lec-
ture and one four-hour laboratory period
each week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 31
and 32 or consent of instructor.

44 BIOCHEMISTRY

Emphasis is given to the metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, pro-
teins, and nucleic acids; integration of
metabolism; and biochemical control
mechanisms, including allosteric control,
induction, repression, as well as the
various types of inhibitive control
mechanisms. Prerequisite: Chemistry 21
or 15 or consent of instructor. Cross-
listed as Biology 44.

45 SPECTROSCOPY AND MOLECULAR
STRUCTURE

Theory and practice of molecular struc-
ture determination by spectroscopic
methods. Three hours lecture. Pre- or co-
requisites: Chemistry 31, 33, or consent of
instructor.

48 CHEMISTRY COLLOQUIUM

A seminar in which faculty, students, and
invited professional chemists discuss their
own research activities or those of others
which have appeared in recent chemical
literature. Prerequisite: Three semesters
of non-credit Chemistry Colloquium
taken during the junior and senior years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

The student will ordinarily work under
supervision in an industrial laboratory
and submit a written report on his pro-
ject.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
The student will ordinarily work on a
laboratory research project and will write
a thesis on his work.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR

DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See
Index)
The student will ordinarily work on
laboratory research project with emphasis
being on the student's showing initiative
and making a scholarly contribution. A
thesis will be written.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Assistant Professor: Strauser
(Coordinator)

This major is designed to acquaint
students with the American criminal-
justice system and to provide an
understanding of the social
psychological, philosophical, and
political contexts within which the
system of criminal justice functions.
Its aim is to develop students' in-
tellectual and scientific skills in rais-
ing and attempting to answer impor-
tant questions about the system of
justice and its place in society. The
program offers opportunity for in-

tern experience in the field, and
prepares for careers in the areas of
law enforcement, probation and
parole, prisons, and treatment ser-
vices.

The major has two tracks. Track I
prepares for careers in law enforce-
ment. Track II prepares for careers in
corrections.

Track I - Law Enforcement. The

major consists of 10 courses,
distributed as follows:

A. Professional courses in criminal
justice [three courses]
Introduction to the Criminal
Justice System [Sociology and
Anthropology 15]
Introduction to Law Enforce-
ment [Sociology and Anthro-
pology 23]

The American Prison System
[Sociology and Anthropology 39]

B. Courses in the social,
psychological, philosophical, and
political context of the justice
system [seven courses]
Criminology [Sociology and An-
thropology 30] and either
Juvenile Delinquency (Sociology
and Anthropology 21) or Racial
and Cultural Minorities (Soci-
ology and Anthropology 34) (two
courses)

Abnormal Psychology (Psychol-
ogy 16) (one course)
America as a Civilization
(American Studies 10). Afro-
American History (History 28) or
United States Social and Intellec-
tual History Since 1877 (History
43) (one course)

Law and Society (Political
Science 35) and Civil Rights and
Liberties (Political Science 31)
(two courses)

Philosophical Issues in Criminal
Justice (Philosophy 18) (one
course)

C. Internship or practicum in law
enforcement. (Recommended but
not required for the major)

30

Track II - Corrections. The major
consists of 10 courses, distributed as
follows:

A. Professional courses in criminal
justice (three courses)
Introduction to the Criminal
Justice System (Sociology and
Anthropology 15)

The American Prison System
(Sociology and Anthropology 39)
Introduction to Social Work
(Sociology and Anthropology 42)

B. Courses in the social,
psychological, philosophical, and
political context of the justice
system (seven courses)
Criminology (Sociology and An-
thropology 30) and either
Juvenile Delinquency (Sociology
and Anthropology 21) or Racial
and Cultural Minorities (Soci-
ology and Anthropology 34 (two
courses)

Abnormal Psychology (Psychol-
ogy 16) (one course)
America as a Civilization
(American Studies 10. Afro-
American History (History 28) or
United States Social and Intellec-
tual History Since 1877 (History
43) (one course)

Law and Society (Political
Science 35) and Civil Rights and
Liberties (Political Science 31)
(two courses)

Philosophical Issues in Criminal
Justice (Philosophy 18) (one
course)

C. Internship or practicum in cor-
rections. (Recommended but not
required for the major. Prere-
quisites: Mathematics 13,
Psychology 31, and Psychology
39. These prerequisites may be
waived in certain cases by the
coordination committee.

Majors should seek advice concern-
ing course selection from members of
the coordinating committee and
should note course prerequisites in
planning their programs.

ECONOMICS

Professors: Opdahl,
Rabold (Chairman)

The major has two tracks. Track I is
designed for the student whose
primary interest lies in business
management; Track II is designed for
students with an interest in graduate
work, teaching, government or non-
business careers, and for those with
less well-defined interests.

Track I - Managerial Economics re-
quires: Economics 10, 11, 32, and 41;
Business 10-11 or Accounting 10 and
20; Business 38 and 39, plus two elec-
tives from Economics 20, 31, 35, 37,
43, and Business 40. Business 33, In-
vestments, may be substituted for
Business 39, Financial Management
II.

Track II — Political Economy re-
quires: Economics 10, 11, 30, 31, 40,
and five electives of which three must
be in economics and two in political
science, all selected with the advice
and consent of the student's adviser
or department chairman. Economics
41, Managerial Economics, may be
substituted for Economics 30, In-
termediate Microeconomics.

In addition, the following courses
are recommended: all majors —
Math 13 and Business 23; majors
planning graduate work — Math
12-18; Track II majors — Business
10-11.

2 CONSUMER ECONOMICS

A course in "family" or "practical"
economics, designed to teach students
how they and their families can be in-
telligent consumers: that is, how they can
spend, save, and borrow so as to max-
imize the value they receive for the income
they have. Treats subjects such as in-
telligent shopping; the uses and abuses of
credit; investing savings; buying in-
surance, automobiles, and houses;
medical care costs; estates and wills, etc.
A Iternale years.

10 PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY I

Macroeconomics. Deals with problems of
the economic system as a whole. What in-

fluences the level of national income and
employment? What is inflation and why
do we have it? What is the role of govern-
ment in a modern capitalistic system?
How does business organize to produce
the goods and services we demand? How
are the American financial and banking
system organized? What is the nature of
American unionism? What are the
elements of government finance and fiscal
policy?

1 1 PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY II

This course focuses upon microeconomics
and selected current economic problems.
It deals with the relatively small units of
the economy such as the firm and the
family. Analyzes demand and supply.
Discusses how business firms decide what
and how much to produce and how goods
and services are priced in different types
of markets. Also considers such problems
as economic growth, international trade,
poverty, discrimination, ecology, and
alternative economic systems.

20 MONEY AND BANKING

Covers business fluctuations and
monetary and fiscal policy; the financial
organization of society; the banking
system; credit institutions; capital
markets, and international financial rela-
tions. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and II.
A Iternale years.

22 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF THE WEST
(CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM)

A comparative analysis of the underlying
ideologies, the basic institutions, and the
performance of selected economic
systems extrant in the West. Alternate
years.

23 SOVIET-TYPE ECONOMICS

An analysis of the ideologies, institutions,
and performance of Soviet-type
economies, with emphasis upon Marxian
theory and the economy of the U.S.S.R.;
comparison of selected Eastern European
and Chinese approaches to communism.
A Iternale years.

24 URBAN PROBLEMS

The application of economic theory to the
study of significant social, political, and
economic problems associated with ur-
banization, including poverty, employ-
ment, education, crime, health, housing,
land use and the environment, transporta-
tion, and public finance. Analysis of solu-
tions offered. Alternate years.

25 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

A study of the relationship between en-
vironmental decay and economic growth,

31

with particular reference to failures of the
price and property-rights systems; ap-
plication of cost/benefit analysis,
measures aimed at the creation of an
ecologically viable economy. Alternate
years.

30 INTERMEDIATE
MICROECONOMICS

An advanced analysis of contemporary
theory regarding consumer demand, pro-
duction costs and theory, profit max-
imization, market structures, and the
determinants of returns to the factors of
production. Prerequisite: Economies 10
and II.

31 INTERMEDIATE
MACROECONOMICS

An advanced analysis of contemporary
theory and practice with regard to
business fluctuations, national income ac-
counting, the determination of income
and employment levels, and the use of
monetary and fiscal policy. Prerequisite:
Economics 10 and II.

32 GOVERNMENT AND THE
ECONOMY

An analytical survey of government's ef-
forts to maintain competition through an-
titrust legislation; to supervise acceptable
cases of private monopoly through
public-utility regulation and via means of
regulatory commissions, and to en-
courage or restrain various types of
private economic activities. Alternate
years. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and 1 1
or consent of instructor.

35 LABOR PROBLEMS

The history of organized labor in the
United States, including the structure of
unions, employers' opposition to unions,
the role of government in labor-
management relations, the economic im-
pact of unions. Alternate years.

37 PUBLIC FINANCE

An analysis of the fiscal economics of the
public sector, including the development,
concepts, and theories of public expen-
ditures, taxation, and debt at all levels of
American government. Includes also the
use of fiscal policy as an economic control
device. Prerequisite: Economics 10 and 1 1
or consent of instructor.

4(1

HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT
A discussion of the origins, development,
and significance of the economic ideas
embodied in the works of Smith, Marx,
Schumpeter, Keynes, and others. Prere-
quisite: Economics 10 and 1 1 or consent
of instructor.

41 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

The application of economic theory and
methodology to the solution of business
problems. Subjects include: optimizing
techniques, risk analysis, demand theory,
production theory, cost theory, linear
programming, capital budgeting, market
structures, and the theory of pricing.
Prerequisite: Economics 10 and II.

43 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

A study of the principles, theories,
development, and policies concerning in-
ternational economic relations, with par-
ticular reference to the United States.
Subjects covered include: U.S. commer-
cial policy and its development, interna-
tional trade theory, tariffs and other pro-
tectionist devices, international monetary
system and its problems, balance of
payments issues. Alternate years. Prere-
quisite: Economics 10 and II.

45 DEVELOPMENT OF

UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS
A study of the theories and problems of
capital accumulation, allocation of
resources, technological development,
growth, planning techniques, and institu-
tions and international relations en-
countered by the developing nations.
Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Typically off campus in business, bank-
ing, or government, supervised by assign-
ed employee of sponsoring organization.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Superior students may select independent
study in various courses, particularly in
preparation for graduate school.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)

EDUCATION

Associate Professor: Keesbury

(Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Conrad

Lycoming believes that the liberal arts
provide the best preparation for
future teachers, thus all education
students complete a liberal-arts major
in addition to the certification re-

quirements. Students can be certified
in elementary education or one or
more of the following secondary
areas: biology, chemistry, English,
French, general science (with biology
or astronomy/physics tracks), Ger-
man, mathematics, physics, social
studies, and Spanish. All teacher-
education programs are approved by
the Pennsylvania Department of
Education, and Pennsylvania cer-
fificates are recognized in most other
states whether through reciprocal
agreements or by transcript evalua-
tion.

Education 20 and Psychology 38
are prerequisites to all other offerings
in the Department of Education.
Education 20 should be taken at least
two semesters before the professional
semester.

Students seeking elementary cer-
tification must complete Mathematics
7, Education 40, 41, 42, and 43 as
prerequisites to the professional
semester (Education 45, 47, and 48).
Students interested in the teacher-
education program should consult
with a member of the department no
later than the first semester of the
sophomore year. Application for the
professional semester must be made
before October 1 of the junior year.
The Department of Education will
admit to the professional semester
those applicants who have a
minimum cumulative grade point
average of 2.00, are in good academic
standing, have satisfactorily com-
pleted the junior year participation
requirements (secondary students on-
ly), have paid the student teaching
fee, and have received a positive
recommendation. The recommenda-
tion will be based upon: (a) recom-
mendations from each student's ma-
jor department; (b) recommendations
from two additional faculty outside
the Department of Education; (c) a
screening interview conducted by the
department, and (d) a writing sample
from each student applicant. Major
departments have different criteria
for their recommendations.
Therefore, students should consult

32

with the chairman of their major
department about those requirements
as soon as they begin to study for cer-
tification.

20 INTRODUCTION TO THE
STUDY OF EDUCATION

A study of teaching as a profession with
emphasis on the economic, social,
political, and religious conditions which
influence American schools and teachers.
Consideration is given to the school en-
vironment, the curriculum, and the
children with the intention that the
students will examine more rationally
their "own motives for entering the profes-
sion. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing
or consent of the instructor.

32 INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
AND COMMUNICATIONS
A study of the value, design, construc-
tion, and application of the visual and
auditory aids to learning. Practical ex-
perience in the handling of audio-visual
equipment and materials is provided. Ap-
plication of audio-visual techniques. Ap-
plication of the visual and auditory aids to
learning. Students will plan and carry out
actual teaching assignments utilizing
various A-V devices.

39 PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM

An examination of the various curricula
of the public schools and their relation-
ships to current practices. Special atten-
tion will be given to the meaning and
nature of the curriculum, the desirable
outcomes of the curriculum, conflicting
and variant conceptions of curricular con-
tent, modern techniques of curricular
construction, criteria for the evaluation of
curricula, the curriculum as a teaching in-
strument. Emphasis will be placed upon
the curriculum work within the teaching
field of each individual.

40 TEACHING LANGUAGE ARTS AND
CHILDREN'S LITERATURE IN THE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
A course designed to consider the prin-
cipal means of communication, oral and
written, including both practical and
creative uses. Attention will be given to
listening, speaking, written expression,
linguistics and grammer, spelling, and
handwriting. Stress will be placed upon
the interrelatedness of the language arts.
Children's literature will be explored as a
vehicle for developing creative
characteristics in children and for ensur-

ing an appreciation of the creative writing
of others. Observation and participation
in Greater Williamsport elementary
schools. Prerequisites: Education 20 and
Psychology 38 or consent of the instruc-
tor.

41 TEACHING THE SOCIAL STUDIES
IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Studies and experiences to develop a basic
understanding of the structure, concepts,
and processes of anthropology,
economics, geography, history, political
science, and sociology as they relate to the
elementary school social-science cur-
riculum. Practical applications,
demonstrations of methods, and the
development of integrated teaching units
using tests, reference books, films, and
other teaching materials. Observation and
participation in Greater Williamsport
elementary shcools. Prerequisites: Educa-
tion 20 and Psychology 38 or consent of
the instructor.

42 TEACHING SCIENCE IN THE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Science methods and materials inter-
preting children's science experiences and
guiding the development of their scientific
concepts. A study of the science content
of the curriculum, its material, and use.
Observation and participation in Greater
Williamsport elementary schools. Prere-
quisites: Education 20 and Psychology 38
or consent of the instructor.

43 TEACHING READING IN THE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

A basic course in the philosophy and ra-
tionale for the implementation of an
elementary developmental-reading pro-
gram from kindergarten through sixth
grade. Emphasis is upon designing a
reading instructional program which
reflects the nature of the learning process
and recognizes principles of child
development through examination of the
principles, problems, methods, and
materials used in elementary reading pro-
grams. Observation and participation in
Greater Williamsport elementary schools.
Prerequisites: Psychology 38, Education
20, 40, 41, and 42, or consent of the in-
structor.

45 METHODS OF TEACHING IN THE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (PART OF
THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)
The course emphasizes the relationship
between the theoretical studies of
physical, social, and cognitive develop-
ment and the elementary classroom en-
vironment. Particular consideration will
be given to the appropriate age and
developmental level of the students with

an emphasis upon selection and utiliza-
tion of methods in all the elementary sub-
ject areas, including art and music.
Specific attention will be given to the
development of strategies for structuring
lesson plans, for maintaining classroom
control, and for overall classroom
management. Direct application will be
made to the individual student-teaching
experience. Prerequisites: Math 7, Educa-
tion 40, 41, 42, and 43, or consent of the
instructor.

46 METHODS OF TEACHING IN THE
SECONDARY SCHOOL (PART OF
THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)

A study of materials, methods, and
techniques of teaching with emphasis on
the student's major. Stress is placed on
the selection and utilization of visual and
auditory aids to learning. Students will
teach demonstration lessons in the
presence of the instructor and the
members of the class and will observe
superior teachers in Greater Williamsport
secondary schools. Prerequisites: Educa-
tion 20, Psychology 38, and the participa-
tion experience.

47 PROBLEMS IN CONTEMPORARY
AMERICAN EDUCATION (PART OF
THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)
Seminar in the issues, problems, and
challenges encountered by teachers in the
American public schools, especially those
related to the student-teaching experience.

48 STUDENT TEACHING IN THE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (PART OF
THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)
Two units. Exceeds state-mandated
minimum requirements. Professional
laboratory experience under the supervi-
sion of a selected cooperating teacher in a
public elementary school in Greater
Williamsport. Organizes learning ex-
periences. Actual classroom experience.*

49 STUDENT TEACHING IN THE
SECONDARY SCHOOL (PART OF
THE PROFESSIONAL SEMESTER)
Two units. Exceeds state-mandated
minimum requirements. Professional
laboratory experience under the supervi-
sion of a selected cooperating teacher in a
public secondary school in Greater
Williamsport. Organized learning ex-
perience. Emphasis on actual classroom
experience, responsibility in the guidance
program, and out-of-class activities.*

•Student teachers are required to follow
the calendar of the school district to
which they are assigned.

33

ENGLISH

Professor: Van Marter

Associate Professors: Ford, Jensen

(Chairman), Madden, Rife
Assistant Professors: Moses, F. Wild

A major consists of nine courses not
including English 1 or English 2.
These nine courses must include
English 17, 20, 21, 22, 23; and one
from English 35 and 36.

The remaining electives may in-
clude any course from English 12 and
above not already taken to satisfy the
preceding requirements. With the
consent of the Department of
English, an appropriate course from
the offerings of other departments
may be substituted for an English
elective.

Majors seeking secondary certifica-
tion in English are required to take
English 35 and English 38.

The Department of English par-
ticipates with seven others in the
American Studies interdisciplinary
major, in which American literature
courses constitute an important part
of the American-arts concentration
area.

Because of its emphasis on com-
munication skills, a major or a minor
in English is excellent preparation for
a wide range of professions. In addi-
tion to preparing students for
graduate work or for teaching, a ma-
jor or a minor in English can be
valuable for those interested in a
career in law, ministry, publishing,
editing or writing, and business, to
name a few.

I WORKSHOP IN DEVELOPMENTAL
WRITING

Classroom and laboratory instruction in
organizing and writing the detailed
paragraph and illustrative expository
theme, with major emphasis on spelling,
grammar, and sentence structure. Writing
assignments and classroom exercises
designed to ensure mastery of the
student's special problems in basic
writing.

One-half unit grade of "S" will be
assigned when the student has successfully
completed all of the work in the course.
Required of, and limited to, those who
have not been exempted from English 1.

2 COMPOSITION

Extensive practice in either report and
evaluative writing or in analytical and
argumentative writing. This may be ac-
complished by taking one of the following
options:

Writing for the Sciences and Business:
Extensive practice in report and
evaluative writing, with particular
reference to business and technology as
human concerns.

Writing for the Liberal Arts: Extensive
practive in analytic and argumentative
writing with particular reference to the
humanities and social sciences.

NOTE: Although either of these op-
tions will satisfy the composition require-
ment, Writing for the Sciences and
Business would be more suitable for the
student interested in business, in the
natural and physical sciences, and in
related professions; whereas Writing for
the Liberal Arts would be more suitable
for the student interested in humanities,
in law, and in the social sciences.

12 INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

An introduction to the study of literature
designed for the general student and
utilizing one of the following approaches:
major literary genres, selected literary
masterpieces, or traditional themes in
literature.

16 WRITING FOR SPECIAL
AUDIENCES

Intensive practice in writing and presen-
ting information to various audiences
within the student's own discipline. In-
cludes training in the use of graphics and
in basic library research methods. Prere-
quisite: A grade of Cor better in English 2
or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

17 CRITICAL WRITING

Designed to provide intermediate students
of literature with the critical skills
necessary for an understanding of poetry,
fiction, drama, and film. Intensive
reading and extensive practice in writing
the critical essay. Required of English ma-
jors.

18 NEWSWRITING FOR THE
PRINT MEDIA

Analysis of and practice in the basic
forms of newswriting: the elements of
news, lead, style, and structure. Frequent
workshop sessions for detailed critiques
and discussion of student writing. Alter-
nate years.

19 NEWSWRITING FOR THE
BROADCAST MEDIA

Analysis of and practice in newswriting
for broadcast: the news story, the

newscast, and the interview. Frequent
workshop sessions for critiques of student
writing and oral presentations. Alternate
years.

20 BRITISH LITERATURE I

Literary forms, themes, and authors from
the Anglo-Saxon through the Neo-
classical periods. Such writers as
Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton,
Swift, Pope, and Johnson; representative
works from Beowulf to Sterne's Sen-
timental Journey.

21 BRITISH LITERATURE II

Literary movements and authors from the
Romantic Period to the present. Par-
ticular emphasis on such writers as Blake,
Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats, Tennyson,
Browning, Arnold, Hardy, Yeats, Eliot.

22 AMERICAN LITERATURE I

Brief survey of American literature and
thought before 1800, followed by more
intensive study of the literature and
thought of the period 1800-1900. Major
focus on the works of Emerson, Thoreau,
Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman,
Dickinson, and Howells.

23 AMERICAN LITERATURE II

Major writers, movements, and tenden-
cies in American literature during the pre-
sent century. Such forces as naturalism,
realism, and modernism; such writers as
James, Dreiser, Hemingway, Faulkner,
Frost, Eliot, and Stevens.

24 THE SHORT STORY

Historical and critical study of the short
story. Consideration of representative ex-
amples of the form with emphasis on
American and European writers of the
19th and 20th centuries.

25 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOVEL

Historical study of the development of the
novel from the 18th through the 20th cen-
turies. Novels analyzed both as works of
prose art and as turning points in the
development of the novel. Alternate
years.

26 LITERATURE AND FILM

The relationship between the conventions
of literature and film with emphasis on
examination of representative literary and
film works. Media comparison to reveal
the problems of adaptation.

28 CREATIVE WRITING WORKSHOP:
FICTION AND POETRY
A beginning course in the theory and
practice of writing fiction and poetry.
Students may concentrate in either genre
or both. Alternate years.

34

30 ROMANTIC LITERATURE

A study of the major poetry and fiction,
plus some non-fiction prose, written dur-
ing the years, 1789-1832. Emphasis on the
work of at least three poets, two novelists,
and assorted prose writers. Alternate
years.

31 MODERN FICTION

Study of the novels and short fiction of
such major British and American figures
as Conrad, Forster, Woolf, Lawrence,
Joyce, Hemingway, Faulkner, Nabokov,
and Bellow.

32 MODERN POETRY

A study of the poetry written in this cen-
tury, beginning with Yeats and Eliot and
continuing through such writers as Frost,
Williams, Moore, Stevens, Auden,
Lowell, Roethke, Thomas, Ginsberg, and
Rich. Alternate years.

33 COMEDY, TRAGEDY,

AND THE MODERN THEATRE

Introduction to the theories of comedy
and tragedy as those theories help us to
deepen our response to the theatre. Major
focus on plays, including musicals, from
Ibsen and Shaw to the present. Alternate
years.

34 WOMEN AND LITERATURE
Through an examination-literary, social,
and historical-of selected British and
American literature by women, this
course will seek to identify those elements
which distinguish women's particular
contribution to the literary canon. Alter-
nate years.

35 CHAUCER

A study of the major works with emphasis
on The Canterbury Tales and Troilus and
Criseyde. Some attention to the traditions
out of which these works arose. Required
of majors seeking secondary certification
in English. Alternate years.

36 SHAKESPEARE
A study of representative plays: comedies,
tragedies, histories, romances. Attention
given to Shakespeare's life and times.
A Iternate years.

PUBLIC RELATIONS
AND PUBLICITY WRITING

Communication and publicity techniques
in the field of public relations focused on
writing for the media. The news and
feature release, newsletter, and house
organ. Prerequisite: English 18 or consent
of instructor. A Iternate years.

38 LINGUISTICS AND THE ANALYSIS
OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Introduction to methods of analyzing
spoken and written English. Classroom
work supported by weekly tutorials, in
which the student gains practical ex-
perience in identifying, diagnosing, and
correcting basic communications pro-
blems. Required of majors seeking secon-
dary certification in English. Alternate
years.

40 SELECTED WRITERS

An intensive study of no more than three
writers, selected on the basis of student
and faculty interest. Possible combina-
tions include: Frost, Hemingway, and
Faulkner; O'Connor, Welty, and Porter;
Spenser and Milton; Hawthorne,
Melville, and Dickens; Woolfe, Forster,
and Lawrence; Joyce and Yeats. May be
repeated for credit if the writers are dif-
ferent. Alternate years.

41 TOPICS IN LITERATURE

Examination of a literary theme, idea, or
movement as it appears in one or more
types of literature and as it cuts across
various epochs. Possible topics include:
American Novelists and Poets of the Jazz
Age and Depression; Religion and
Literature; Gothic Tradition in American
Literature; Realism in the Novel; Literary
Modernism; Literature and Mythology;
The Hero in Literature. May be repeated
for credit if the topic is different. A Iter-
nate years.

77-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns typically work off campus in a
profession related to their career interest
such as law, public relations, journalism,
and others.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Recent studies include The Arthurian
Legend, Shakespeare's Women, D. H.
Lawrence, and T. S. Eliot: The Social Vi-
sion.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY

FOR DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)
Recent projects include The Creative Pro-
cess in Literature and Art and Images of
Women in the 1890's.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES

AND LITERATURES

Associate Professors: Flam, Maples,

MacKenzie (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Barker

Study of foreign languages and

literatures offers opportunity to ex-
plore broadly the varieties of human
experience and thought. It con-
tributes both to personal and to inter-
national understanding by providing
competence in a foreign language and
a critical acquaintance with the
literature and culture of foreign
peoples. A major can serve as entree
to careers in business, industry,
government, publishing, education,
journalism, social agencies,
translating, and writing. It prepares
for graduate work in literature or
linguistics and the international fields
of politics, commerce, law, health,
and area studies.

French, German, and Spanish are
offered as major fields of study. The
major consists of at least eight
courses numbered 10 or above. Ma-
jors seeking teacher certification and
students planning to enter graduate
school are advised to begin study of a
second foreign language. The depart-
ment encourages the development in
breadth of programs, including allied
courses from related fields or a se-
cond major, and also individual or
established interdisciplinary majors
combining interest in several
literatures or area or cross-cultural
studies. For example: International
Studies, 20th Century Studies, the
Major in Literature. Majors, teacher
certification candidates, and all
students are encouraged to spend at
least a semster of study abroad by ap-
plying to one of the many programs
available. The department maintains
a file of such programs.

Courses taught in English: Foreign
Languages and Literature 25, French
28, and Spanish 28.

Foreign Language and Literatures

25 CONTINENTAL LITERATURE

A study of such major continental
authors as Cervantes, Dostoevsky,
Chekhov, Dante, Ibsen, Proust, Gide,
Kafka, Hesse, Goethe, Sartre, Camus,
Brecht, and Ionesco. Works read in
English translation will vary and be
organized around a different theme or
topic; recent topics have been existen-
tialism, modernism, and drama. Prere-
quisite: None. May be repeated for credit

35

with consent of instructor. May be ac-
cepted toward the English major with
consent of the Department of English.

38 FOREIGN LANGUAGE:
SYSTEMS AND PROCESS
Study of basic linguistic concepts as a tool
for language learning and teaching.
Discussion and application of language
teaching techniques, including work in the
language laboratory. Designed for future
teachers, of one or more languages and
normally taken in the junior year.
Students should arrange through the
Department of Education to fulfill in the
same semester the requirements of a par-
ticipation experience in area schools.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

French

A major consists of at least eight
courses numbered 10 or above, in-
cluding at least one numbered 40 or
above. Foreign Languages and
Literatures 25 and 38 may be included
in the major.

All majors who wish to be certified
for teaching must pass courses 23, 31,
Foreign Languages and Literatures
38, and at least two courses numbered
40 or above.

1-2 ELEMENTARY

The aim of the course is to acquire the
fundamentals of the language with a view
to using them. Regular practice in speak-
ing, understanding, and reading.

10-11 INTERMEDIATE

Review and development of the fun-
damentals of the language for immediate
use in speaking, understanding, and
reading with a view to building confidence
in self-expression. Prerequisite: French 2
or equivalent.

20 CONVERSATION

Designed to develop conversational fluen-
cy and comprehension through small
discussions focusing on topics from
readings in modern French culture, such
as French social attitudes and French-
American cultural differences. Some at-
tention to grammar and writing. Prere-
quisite: French II or equivalent.

23

INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY

STUDIES

Studies in French literature with emphasis

on critical reading and interpretation.

Discussions, lectures, oral exposes,

papers. Prerequisite: French 20 or

equivalent.

28 MODERN FRANCE

A course designed to familiarize students
with political and social structures and
cultural attitudes in contemporary French
society. Materials studied may include
such documents as newspaper articles, in-
terviews and sociological surveys, and
readings in history, religion, an-
thropology, and the arts. Some attention
to the changing education system and the
family and to events and ideas which have
shaped French society. May include some
comparative study of France and the
United States.

English Section: Not applicable toward
satisfying the foreign language distribu-
tion requirement. Prerequisite: none.

French Section: Offers readings,
papers, and interviews in French for
students with sufficient language skill.
Can be applied toward the foreign
language distribution requirement. Prere-
quisite: French 10 or equivalent com-
petency as determined by the department.

31 FRENCH GRAMMATICAL
STRUCTURE

Study of phonetics and grammatical rules
and their practical application in speaking
and writing. Recommended for all ma-
jors.

41 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE
MIDDLE AGES AND THE
RENAISSANCE

A study of selected works from La Chan-
son de Roland to Montaigne. Prere-
quisite: French 23 or consent of instruc-
tor. Alternate years.

43 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE
17TH CENTURY

A study of major texts of the period:
preciosity, the origins and theories of
French classicism, Corneille, Pascal,
Descartes, Classical tragedy, and comedy:
Racine, Moliere, LaFontaine, Mme. de
La Fayette, La Bruyere. Prerequisite:
French 23 or consent of instructor. Alter-
nate years.

45 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE
I8TH CENTURY

The literary expression of ideas: Montes-
quieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and the En-
cyclopedists. Prerequisite: French 23 or
consent of instructor. Alternate years.

47 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE
I9TH CENTURY

The dimensions of the Romantic sensibili-
ty: Musset, Hugo, Vigny, Balzac, Sten-
dhal. Realism and Naturalism in the
novels of Flaubert and Zola. Reaction in
the poetry of Baudelaire, Rimbaud,
Verlaine, and Mallarme. Prerequisite:

French 23 or consent of instructor. Alter-
nate years.

48 MODERN FRENCH THEATRE

Major trends in French drama from the
turn of the century to Existentialism and
the Theatre of the Absurd, Giraudoux,
Anouilh, Sartre, Camus, Beckett,
Ionesco, Genet, Adamov, and others.
Prerequisite: French 23 or consent of in-
structor. A Iternate years.

49 FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE
20TH CENTURY

Representative poets and novelists of
modern France. Readings selected from
the works of authors such as Proust,
Gide, Aragon, Giono, Mauriac, Celine,
Malraux, Saint-Exupery, Camus, the
"new novelists" (Robbe-Grillet, Butor,
Sarraute, Le Clezio), and the poetry of
Apollinaire, Val6ry, the Surrealists
(Breton, Reverdy, Eluard, Char), Saint-
John Perse, Supervielle, Prevert, and
others. Some attention to works of
French-speaking African writers. Prere-
quisite: French 23 or consent of instruc-
tor. A Iternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Examples of recent studies in French in-
clude translation, existentialism, the
classical period, enlightenment literature,
and Saint-Exupery.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)

German

A major consists of eight courses
numbered 10 or above. Foreign
Languages and Literatures 38 and
one unit of Foreign Languages and
Literatures 25 may be included in the
major.

All majors who wish to be certified
for teaching must pass courses 3 1 , 33,
34, and Foreign Languages and
Literatures 38.

1-2 ELEMENTARY

Aim of course is to acquire the fundamen-
tals of the language with a view to using
them. Regular practice in speaking,
understanding, and reading.

10-il INTERMEDIATE

Review and development of fundamentals
of the language for immediate use in
speaking, understanding, and reading

36

with a view to building confidence in self-
expression. Prerequisite: German 2 or
equivalent.

20 CONVERSATION

Designed to develop aural comprehension
and conversational fluency. Readings and
discussions on topics of contemporary
society in Germany, Switzerland, and
Austria. Some attention to grammar and
writing. Prerequisite: German 11 or
equivalent.

31 GERMAN GRAMMATICAL
STRUCTURE

Study of intonation, complex gram-
matical rules and their practical applica-
tion, stylistics, and a brief survey of the
development of the language. Recom-
mended for all majors.

33 SURVEY OF GERMAN LITERATURE
AND CIVILIZATION I

Designed to acquaint the student with im-
portant periods of German literature,
representative authors, and major
cultural developments in Germany,
Austria, and Switzerland. The course
deals with literature from the Early Mid-
dle Ages through the 18th century. Prere-
quisite: German 20 or consent of instruc-
tor.

34 SURVEY OF GERMAN LITERATURE
AND CIVILIZATION II

Designed to acquaint the student with im-
portant periods of German literature,
representative authors, and major
cultural developments in Germany,
Austria, and Switzerland. The course
deals with the literature from the 19th
century to the present. Prerequisite: Ger-
man 20 or consent of instructor.

40 GOETHE

A study of the life and works of Goethe.
Goethe's significance in the Classical
period and later. Readings in the major
works. Prerequisite: German 33 or 34 or
consent of instructor.

41 CLASSICAL GERMAN DRAMA

The development of das ktassische Drama
with emphasis on works of Lessing,
Goethe, and Schiller. Prerequisite: Ger-
man 20.

42 MODERN GERMAN DRAMA

The emergency of modern drama com-
mencing with Buchner and leading to
Brecht. Prerequisite: German 20.

43 THE NOVELLE

The German Novelle as a genre relating to
various literary periods. Prerequisite:
German 20.

45 GERMAN POETRY

A study of selected poets or the poetry of
various literary periods. Prerequisite:
German 33 or 34 or consent of instructor.

47 MODERN GERMAN LITERATURE
A study of the major movements and
writers from Naturalism, Expressionism,
and the postwar period. Hauptmann,
Rilke, Mann, Hesse, Kaiser, Boll, Grass,
Handke, and others. Prerequisite: Ger-
man 33 or 34 or consent of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Examples of recent studies in German in-
clude Callicism, Germanic Mythology,
Hermann Hesse, the dramas of Frisch,
and Durrenmatt.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR

DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See
Index)

Greek

Greek is not offered as a major.

1-2 NEW TESTAMENT GRAMMAR AND
READINGS

Fundamentals of New Testament Greek
grammar and readings of selected
passages of the Greek text. Alternate
years.

1 1 READINGS IN THE SYNOPTIC
GOSPELS

A comparative study of the Synoptic
tradition in Greek. Prerequisite: Greek 2
or equivalent. Alternate years.

12 READINGS IN THE PAULINE
EPISTLES

Selected readings from the letters of Paul
in Greek. Prerequisite: Greek 11 or
equivalent. Alternate years.

Hebrew

Hebrew is not offered as a major.

1-2 OLD TESTAMENT GRAMMAR AND
READINGS

Fundamentals of Old Testament Hebrew
grammar and readings of selected
passages of the Hebrew text. Alternate
years.

11-12 INTERMEDIATE OLD
TESTAMENT HEBREW
A critical reading of the Hebrew text with
special attention being given to exegetical
questions. The text read varies from year
to year. Prerequisite: Hebrew 2 or
equivalent. Alternate years.

Spanish

A major consists of eight courses
numbered 10 or above, including at
least two numbered 33 or above.
Foreign Languages and Literatures 38
may be included. Foreign Languages
and Literatures 25 does not count
toward the major.

All majors who wish to be certified
for teaching in secondary school must
pass Foreign Language and
Literatures 38, Spanish 31, and one
from 33, 34, or 35.

The specific courses from those
numbered 31 or above which are of-
fered in a given year are selected in
consideration of the curriculum re-
quirements and career needs of ad-
vanced students.

1-2 ELEMENTARY

Aim of course is to acquire the fundamen-
tals of the language with a view to using
them. Regular practice in speaking,
understanding, and reading.

10-11 INTERMEDIATE

Review and development of fundamentals
of the language for immediate use in
speaking, understanding, and reading
with a view to building confidence in self-
expression. Prerequisite: Spanish 2 or
equivalent.

20 CONVERSATION

The purpose of this course is to improve
the student's ability in spontaneous con-
versations, focusing on everyday activities
and matters of current concern as sug-
gested in readings from Latin American
and peninsular sources. Vocabulary
building is stressed. Prerequisite: Spanish
1 1 or equivalent.

28 SPAIN

To introduce students to the Spanish peo-
ple — their values, customs, and institu-
tions, with reference to the major socio-
economic, political, and artistic forces
governing present-day Spain. Prere-
quisite: Spanish 20 or consent of in-
structor. Alternates with Spanish 29.

29 MEXICO

To introduce students to our most impor-
tant Latin-American neighbor. History,
literature, art, and music, principally
covering the period from the Spanish con-
quest. Prerequisite: Spanish 20 or consent
of instructor. Alternates with Spanish
28.

37

31 SPANISH GRAMMATICAL HISTORY

STRUCTURE

Study of intonation, complex gram-
matical rules and their practical applica-
tion, and a brief survey of the develop-
ment of the language. Recommended for
all majors.

33 SURVEY OF SPANISH LITERATURE
AND CIVILIZATION I

Designed to acquaint the student with im-
portant periods of Spanish literature,
representative authors, and major socio-
economic developments. The course deals
with the literature from the beginning
through the 17th century. Prerequisite:
Spanish 20 or consent of instructor.

34 SURVEY OF SPANISH LITERATURE
AND CIVILIZATION II
Designed to acquaint the student with im-
portant periods of Spanish literature,
representative authors, and major socio-
economic developments. The course deals
with the literature from the 18th century
to the present. Prerequisite: Spanish 33 or
consent of instructor.

35 SURVEY OF SPANISH AMERICAN
LITERATURE AND CIVILIZATION
Designed to acquaint the student with im-
portant periods of Spanish-American
literature, representative authors, and
major socio-economic developments. The
course deals with the literature, expecially
the essay and poetry, from the 16th cen-
tury to the present. Prerequisite: Spanish
20 or consent of the instructor.

44 SPANISH LITERATURE OF THE
GOLDEN AGE

A study of representative works and prin-
cipal literary figures in the poetry, prose,
and drama of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Prerequisite: Spanish 33 or consent of the
instructor.

Associate Professors: Larson, Piper

(Chairman)

Assistant Professor: Morris

A major consists of 10 courses, in-
cluding 10, 11, and 45. At least seven
courses must be taken in the depart-
ment. The following courses may be
counted toward fulfilling the major
requirements: American Studies 10,
Political Science 39, Religion 28 and
46. Other appropriate courses outside
the department may be counted upon
departmental approval. For history
majors who student teach in history,
the major consists of nine courses. In
addition to the courses listed below,
special courses, independent study,
and honors are available. Special
courses recently taught and an-
ticipated include a biographical study
of European Monarchs, the Euro-
pean Left, the Industrialization and
Urbanization of Modern Europe,
Utopian Movements in America, the
Peace Movement in America, The
Vietnam War, and American Legal
History. History majors are en-
couraged to participate in the intern-
ship program.

45 MODERN HISPANIC LITERATURE
Readings of important works of drama,
poetry, and prose from the major periods \2
of 19th and 20th century Spanish and
I atin- American literature. Prerequisite:
Spanish 34, 35. or consent of instruc-
tor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

Recent studies include literary, linguistic, '3
and cultural topics and themes such as ur-
ban problems as reflected in the modern
novel.

10 EUROPE 1500-1815
An examination of the political, social,
cultural, and intellectual history of
Europe and its relations with other areas
of the world from 1500 to 1815.

11 EUROPE 1815-Present
An examination of the political, social,
cultural, and intellectual history of
Europe and its relations with other areas
of the world from 1815 to the present.

90-99

INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See
Index)

UNITED STATES HISTORY 1603-1877
A study of the men, measures, and
movements which have been significant in
the development of the United States be-
tween 1603 and 1877. Attention is paid to
t he problems of minority groups as well as
to majority and national influences.

UNITED STATES HISTORY

1877-Present

A study of the men, measures, and
movements which have been significant in
l he development of the United States
since 1877. Attention is paid to the prob-
lems of minority groups as well as to ma-
jority and national influences.

20 ANCIENT HISTORY

A study of the ancient western world, in-
cluding the foundations of the western
tradition in Greece, the emergence and ex-
pansion of the Roman state, its experience
as a republic, and its transformation into
the Empire. The course will focus on the
social and intellectual life of Greece and
Rome as well as political and economic
changes. Alternate years.

22 MEDIEVAL EUROPE AND ITS
NEIGHBORS

The history of Europe from the dissolu-
tion of the Roman Empire to the mid- 1 5th
century. The course will deal with the
growing estrangement of western Catholic
Europe from the Byzantium and Islam,
culminating in the Crusades; the rise of
the Islamic Empire and its later fragmen-
tation; the development and growth of
feudalism; the conflict of empire and pap-
cy, and the rise of towns. Alternate years.

23 EUROPE IN THE ERA OF THE
WORLD WARS

An intensive study of the political,
economic, social, and cultural history of
Europe from 1900-1945. Topics include
the rise of irrationalism, the origins of the
First World War, the Communist and
Fascist Revolutions, and the attempts to
preserve peace before 1939. Prerequisite:
History 1 1 or consent of instructor.

24 CONTEMPORARY EUROPE

An intensive study of the political,
economic, social, and cultural history of
Europe since 1945. Topics include the
post-war economic recovery of Europe,
the Sovietization of Eastern Europe, the
origins of the Cold War, decolonization,
and the flowering of the welfare state.
Prerequisite: History 1 1 or consent of in-
structor.

25 FRENCH REVOLUTION AND
NAPOLEON

An analysis of the political, social, and in-
tellectual background of the French
Revolution, a survey of the course of
revolutionary development, and an
estimate of the results of the Napoleonic
conquests and administration. Prere-
quisite: History 10 or consent of instruc-
tor. A llernale years.

26 COLONIAL AMERICA AND THE
REVOLUTIONARY ERA

The establishment of British settlements
on the American continent, their history
as colonies, the causes and events of the
American Revolution, the critical period
following independence, and proposal
and adoption of the United States Con-
stitution. Alternate years.

38

27 20TH CENTURY UNITED STATES
This course begins with the Progressive
Era and includes the political, economic,
and social developments in the 20th cen-
tury. Emphasis will be placed on the
domestic and international demands
which have faced the United States in the
period following World War II.

28 AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY

A study of the experiences and participa-
tion of Afro-Americans in the United
States. The course includes historical ex-
periences such as slavery, abolition,
reconstruction, and urbanization. It also
raises the issue of the development and
growth of white racism, and the effect of
this racism on contemporary Afro-
American social, intellectual, and
political life. Alternate years.

29 LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY

An examination of the native civilization,
the age of discovery and conquest,
Spanish colonial policy, the independence
movements, and the development of
modern institutions and governments in
Latin America. Alternate years.

33 CONFLICT IN WESTERN
CIVILIZATION

An in-depth study of the changing nature
of war and its relationship to the develop-
ment of Western Civilization since the end
of the Middle Ages. Particular emphasis
will be placed on the role of war in the
development of the modern nation state
and the origins and nature of total war.
A Iternate years.

34 DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF EUROPE
SINCE 1789

A survey of the development of the
European-states system and the relations
between the European states since the
beginning of the French Revolution.
Prerequisite: History 1 1 or consent of in-
structor. A Iternate years.

35 THE CRISIS OF LIBERALISM AND
NATIONALISM, EUROPE 1848-1870
An in-depth investigation of the crucial
"Middle Years" of 19th century Europe
from the revolutions of 1848 through the
unification of Germany. The course
centers on the struggles for power within
the major states of Europe at this time,
and how the vehicle of nationalism was
used to bring about one type of solution.
A Iternate years.

37 AGE OF JEFFERSON AND JACKSON
The theme of the course is the emergence
of the political and social characteristics

that shaped modern America. The per-
sonalities of Thomas Jefferson, John
Marshall, John Randolph, Aaron Burr,
and Andrew Jackson receive special atten-
tion. Special consideration is given to the
first and second party systems, the decline
in community cohesiveness, the westward
movement, and the growing importance
of the family as a unit of social organiza-
tion. Alternate years.

38 CIVIL WAR AND
RECONSTRUCTION

The problems and events leading to war,
the political and military history of the
war, and the bitter aftermath to the Com-
promise of 1877.

39 20TH CENTURY UNITED STATES
RELIGION

The study of historical and cultural
developments in American society which
relates to religion or what is commonly
called religion. This involves considera-
tion of the institutional and intellectual
development of several faith groups as
well as discussion of certain problems,
such as the persistence of religious bigotry
and the changing modes of church-state
relationships. Alternate years.

40 HISTORY OF RENAISSANCE
THOUGHT

A study of the classical, humanist, and
scholastic elements involved in the
development of the Renaissance outlook
on views and values, both in Italy and in
Northern Europe. The various combina-
tions of social and political circumstances
which constitute the historical context of
these intellectual developments will be
noted. Alternate years.

41 HISTORY OF REFORMATION
THOUGHT

A study of the ideas and systems of ideas
propounded prior to the Reformation,
but which are historically related to its in-
ception, and of the ideas and systems of
ideas involved in the formulation of the
major Reformation, Protestant tradi-
tions, and in the Catholic Reformation.
Included are the ideas of the humanists of
the Reformation Era. Alternate years.

42 UNITED STATES SOCIAL AND
INTELLECTUAL HISTORY TO 1877

A study of the social and intellectual ex-
perience of the United States from its col-
onial antecedents through reconstruction.
Among the topics considered are
Puritanism, transcendentalism, com-
munity life and organization, education,
and social-reform movements. Prere-
quisites: two courses from History 12. 13.
28, or consent of instructor.

43 UNITED STATES SOCIAL AND
INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

SINCE 1877

A study of the social and intellectual ex-
perience of the United States from
reconstruction to the present day. Among
the topics considered are social Dar-
winism, pragmatism, community life and
organization, education and social reform
movements. Prerequisites: two courses
from History 12, 13, 28 or consent of in-
structor.

45 HISTORICAL METHODS

This course focuses on the nature and
meaning of history. It will open to the stu-
dent different historical approaches and
will provide the opportunity to explore
these approaches in terms of particular
topics and periods. Majors are required to
enroll in this course in either their junior
or senior year. The course is open to other
students who have two courses in history
or consent of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Typically, history interns work for local
government agencies engaged in historical
projects or for the Lycoming County
Historical Museum.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Recent topics include studies of the im-
migration of American blacks, political
dissension in the Weimer Republic, In-
dian relations before the American
Revolution, and the history of Lycoming
County.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR

DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See
Index)
Two recent projects were the Germans in
Pennsylvania Politics, 1878-1938, and the
Reign of Tiglath Pileser I (1116-1075
B.C.).

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

Associate Professor: Larson
(Coordinator)

The major is designed to integrate an
understanding of the changing social,
political, and historical environment
of Europe today with study of
Europe in its relations to the rest of
the world, particularly the United
States. It stresses the international
relations of the North Atlantic com-
munity and offers the student oppor-
tunity to emphasize either European
studies or international relations. The

39

program provides multiple perspec-
tives on the cultural traits that shape
popular attitudes and institutions.
Study of a single country is included
as a data-base for comparisons, and
study of its language as a basis for
direct communication with its people.
The program is intended to prepare
a student either for graduate study or
for careers which have an interna-
tional component. International
obligations are increasingly assumed
by government agencies and a wide
range of business, social, religious,
and educational organizations. Op-
portunities are found in the fields of
journalism, publishing, communica-
tions, trade, banking, advertising,
management, and tourism. The pro-
gram also offers flexible career
preparation in a variety of essential
skills, such as research, data analysis,
report writing, language skills, and
the awareness necessary for dealing
with people and institutions of
another culture. Preparation for
related careers can be obtained
through the guided selection of
courses outside the major in the areas
of business, economics, foreign
languages and literatures, govern-
ment, history, and international rela-
tions or through a second major.
Students should design their pro-
grams in consultation with members
of the Committee on International
Studies.

By completing six to eight addi-
tional courses in the social sciences
(which include those courses needed
to complete a major in economics,
history, political science, or
sociology/anthropology) and the re-
quired program in education,
students can be certified for the
teacher education program in social
studies. By completing a major in the
foreign language (five or more
courses) and the education program,
students can be certified to teach that
language. The International Studies
program also encourages participa-
tion in study-abroad programs, as
well as the Washington and United
Nations semesters.

40~

The major includes
selected as follows:

1 1 courses

International Relations Courses —

Four or two courses (if two, then four
must be taken from Area Courses).
Courses within this group are design-
ed to provide a basic understanding
of the international system and of
Europe's relations with the rest of the
world. Political Science 25 is re-
quired.

Political Science 25: World Politics
Economics 43: International Trade
History 34: European Diplomatic History
Political Science 39: American Foreign
Policy

Area Courses — Four or two courses
(if two, then four must be taken from
International Relations Courses).
Courses within this group are design-
ed to provide a basic understanding
of the European political, social, and
economic environment. History 11
and Economics 22 are required.

History 11: Europe 1815-Present
Economics 22: Economic Systems of the

West
Political Science 20: European Politics
History 23: Europe in the Era of the

World Wars
History 24: Contemporary Europe

National Courses

Language
language.

Two courses in one

French 20, plus one course numbered

23 or above (except 28)
German 20, plus one course numbered

3 1 or above
Spanish 20, plus one course numbered

31 or above

Country — One course. The stu-
dent must select, according to his
or her language preparation, one
European country which will
serve as a special interest area
throughout the program. The
country selected will serve as the
base for individual projects in the
major courses wherever possible.

France — French 28: Modern France
Germany — History 80: Topics in

German History
Spain — Spanish 28: Contemporary

Hispanic Life

Elective Course — One course which
should involve further study of some
aspect of the program. Appropriate
courses are any area or international
relations courses not yet taken,
History 10, 32, 33; Economics 23, 45;
Political Science 26, 27, 38, 46;
related foreign-literature courses
counting toward the fine-arts require-
ment and internships.

49 SENIOR SEMINAR

A one-semester seminar, taken in the
senior year, in which students and several
faculty members will pursue an in-
tegrative topic in the field of international
studies. Students will work to some extent
independently. Guest speakers will be in-
vited. The seminar will be open to
qualified persons from outside the major
and the College. Prerequisite: consent of
instructor.

LITERATURE

Associate Professor: Maples
(Coordinator)

This major recognizes literature as a
distinct discipline beyond national
boundaries and combines the study of
any two literatures in the areas of
English, French, German, and
Spanish. Students can thus explore
two literatures widely and intensively
at the upper levels of course offerings
within each of the respective depart-
ments while developing and applying
skills in foreign languages. The major
prepares students for graduate study
in either of the two literatures studies
or in comparative literature.

The major requires at least six
literature courses, equally divided
between the two literatures concern-
ed. The six must be at the advanced
level as determined in consultation
with advisers (normally courses
numbered 20 and above in English
and 40 and above in foreign
languages). In general, two of the ad-
vanced courses in each literature
should be period courses. The third
course, taken either as a regular
course or an independent study, may
have as its subject another period, a

particular author, genre, or literary
theme, or some other unifying ap-
proach or idea. Beyond these six, the
major must include at least two addi-
tional courses from among those
counting toward a major in the
departments involved. Any prere-
quisite courses in the respective
departments (for example: English
20, 21, 22, 23, French 23, German 33,
34) should be taken during the
freshman and sophomore years.
Students should design their pro-
grams in consultation with a faculty
member from each of the literatures
concerned. Programs for the major
must be approved by the departments
involved.

MASS COMMUNICATION

Professor: Anapol (Chairman)

The major in mass communication
combines a liberal arts foundation
with a professional sequence through
a selection of courses from the
Departments of Art, Business Ad-
ministration, English, Political
Science, Psychology, Sociology and
Anthropology, and Mass Com-
munication. It also draws upon
specialized courses from the Graphic
Arts Department of the Williamsport
Area Community College. Students
completing the program are qualified
to pursue either career options or
graduate study in mass communica-
tion, advertising, broadcasting, jour-
nalism, or public relations.

Students majoring in the Mass Com-
munication Department must com-
plete the Core Curriculum and one se-
quence, as well as the College
distribution requirements.

I. THE CORE CURRICULUM

REQUIRED OF ALL STUDENTS

Two Theory Courses

MassCommlO Introduction to Mass

Communication
MassComm30 Theories of Mass

Communication

A Media Regulation Course

MassComm31 Mass Media Law and
Regulation

A Production Course (Choice of one.
Certain of these courses are required in
specific sequences.)

CG0 511 Layout and Design

CGO 5 1 2 Typographic Composition
Mass Comm 24 Television Production

A Writing Course (Choice of one. Certain
of these courses are required in specific
sequences.)

Eng 16 Writing for Special Audiences
Eng 18 Newswriting for the Print Media
Eng 19 Newswriting for the Broadcast

Media

PolSci34 Political Newswriting

Mass Comm 27 Scriptwriting for

Radio and Television

A Research Course (Choice of one.
Certain of these courses are required in
specific sequences.)

PolSci48 Public Opinion

and Polling

Soc 47 Research Methods

in Sociology

Psy 32 or Sensory Experimental

Psychology or

Psy 24 Social Psychology

Bus 45 Marketing Research

An applied Media Experience Course

(Choice of one.)

Mass Comm 48-49 Practicum

Mass Comm 70-79 Internship

Mass Comm 80-89 Independent Study

NOTE: Mass Communication core
courses may be utilized both to meet the
core requirements and to complete Se-
quence requirements. Since some core
courses must be used to meet sequence re-
quirements, students should review
carefully sequence requirements in selec-
ting courses.

II. SEQUENCE REQUIREMENTS

Mass Communication majors must com-
plete at least one sequence. All sequence
requirements are in addition to the core
curriculum but the same course may be
used to meet the core requirements as well
as the requirements of sequences.

Advertising Sequence:

Bus 28-29 Marketing Management

Bus 32 Advertising

PolSci48 Public Opinion and

Polling or
Soc 47 Research Methods in

Sociology
GC0 511 Layout and Design

GC0 512 Typographic Composition
Mass Comm 1 1 Oral Communication
Art 27 Photography I or

Art 15 Two-dimensional Design

Bus 47 Creative Advertising is

strongly recommended, though not
required, for this sequence.

Broadcasting Sequence:

Eng 19 Newswriting for Broadcast

Media

Pol Sci 34 Political Newswriting

Mass Comm 1 1 Oral Communication

Mass Comm 31 Mass Media Law

and Regulation

Mass Comm 28 Radio Programming

and Production

Mass Comm 24 Television Production

Mass Comm 27 Scriptwriting for

Radio and Television

Eng 26 Film and Literature or

Thea 1 1 Introduction to Film

Journalism Sequence:

Eng 16 Writing for Special

Audiences

Eng 17 Critical Writing

Eng 18 Newswriting for Print Media

Pol Sci 34 Political Newswriting

Pol Sci 1 1 State and Local

Government

Pol Sci 32 Politics of Cities and

Suburbs or

Soc 34 Racial and Cultural Minorities

Pol Sci 48 Public Opinion and Polling

Art 27 Photography !

CGO 5 1 1 Typographic Composition

Public Relations Sequence:

Eng 16 Writing for Special Audiences

Eng 18 Newswriting for Print Media

Eng 37 Public Relations and

Publicity

Bus 28-29 Marketing Management

Pol Sci 48 Public Opinion and

Polling or

Soc 47 Research Methods in

Sociology

Art 27 Photography I

Mass Comm 24 Television Production

Mass Comm 1 1 Oral Communication

10 INTRODUCTION TO MASS
COMMUNICATION
Theories of the process of mass com-
munication and introduction to the mass
media; attention will be given to problems
of censorship and media ethics. Analysis
of the mass media's impact on society;
emphasis will be placed on the social,
psychological, and political implications
of the media's shaping influence on man
and institutions.

1 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
The dynamics of oral communication.
The development of elementary principles
of simple oral communication through
lectures, prepared assignments in speak-
ing, and informal class exercises. Utilizes
videotape sequences for feedback to
students.

41

24 TELEVISION PRODUCTION

Technical, aesthetic, organizatonal, and
business aspects of video programs. Study
and use of basic equipment to produce
standard formats on videotape.

27 SCRIPTWRITING FOR
RADIO AND TELEVISION
Analysis of differences between radio and
television writing requirements, station
formats, standard program forms, script
standards, writing and criticism. Alter-
nate years.

28 RADIO PROGRAMMING
AND PRODUCTION
Contemporary broadcast programming
techniques including station scheduling,
program development and analysis, and
implementation in real and hypothetical
situations. Emphasis on management
functions. Alternate years.

iO THEORIES OF

MASS COMMUNICATION
An examination and analysis of current
theories dealing with the sources,
receivers, and systems of mass com-
munication and the nature and function
of the media audience, its attitudes and
behaviors.

31 MASS MEDIA LAW

AND REGULATION
An examination of the legal structure and
the system by which mass communication
is controlled in this society. The forces
which shape, influence, and make policy
will be considered. Cross-listed as
Political Science 36.

48-49 PRACTICUM IN MASS
COMMUNICATION
Utilization of mass communication prin-
ciples, techniques, and skills in an applied
setting through work experience in a com-
munication agency or organization. This
experience is coordinated with regular
class meetings to analyze and evaluate
relationships between theory and practice.
Prerequisite: upper division status and
consent of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns usually work off campus in a field
related to their communications sequence;
some may work with the student
newspaper or radio station.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Studies involve research related to the
communications sequence of the student.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS (See Index)
Through special arrangement, the follow-
ing courses offered at the Williamsport
Area Community College are available to
students in the mass communication ma-
jor only. The WACC courses are taken as
part of the student's semester schedule
and are listed with Lycoming offerings
during registration periods.

Graphic Arts

5 1 1 LAYOUT AND DESIGN

Analysis of materials, tools, and techni-
ques used in preparation of copy for
reproduction; paste-up and color separa-
tion overlays. 4 cr.

512 TYPOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION
Fundamentals of typesetting. Theory and
practice in the care and use of composing
machines, both hot (mechanical) and cold
(photo). 4 cr.

521 PROCESS CAMERA

Concepts and techniques of darkroom
procedure for reproduction of line and
halftone copy on process camera. 4 cr.

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

Associate Professors: Getchell,
Haley (Chairman), Hubbard
Assistant Professor: Sprechini
Instructors: Murphy, Troxel
Part-time Instructor: Dotzel

The Department of Mathematical
Sciences offers major programs in
computer science and mathematics.

Computer Science

A major in computer science consists
of 11 courses: Mathematics 18, 19,
either 21 or 24, and Computer
Science 15, 26, 27, 31, 37, 44, 45, and
46. It is recommended that majors in
computer science take Computer
Science 15 in the freshman year. In
addition, the following cognate
courses are recommended:
Mathematics 13, 14, 20, 38, Physics
27, Philosophy 19, 20, and
Psychology 37.

2 COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY

A study of the role of digital computers in
society today with primary emphasis on
what can be done, rather than how to do
it. The main goal of the course is to make
the student aware of the growing in-
fluence which computers are likely to
have on society in the near future.
Students with credit for Mathematics 15
may not receive credit for this course.
One-half unit of credit.

15 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
SCIENCE

Introduction to programming, utilizing
BASIC and FORTRAN IV. Topics in-
clude program structure, computer con-
figuration, memory allocation,
algorithms, and applications. Includes
laboratory experience on the PDP 11/70
computer. Prerequisite: credit for or ex-
emption from Mathematics 5.

26 PRINCIPLES OF ADVANCED
PROGRAMMING

Principles of effective programming using
PASCAL, including structured program-
ming, stepwise refinement, assertion pro-
ving, style, debugging, control structure,
decision tables, finite state machines,
recursion, and encoding. Prerequisite:
Computer Science 15.

27 DATA STRUCTURES
Representation of data and algorithms
associated with data structures. Topics in-
clude representation of lists, trees, graphs
and strings, algorithms for searching and
sorting. Prerequisite: Computer Science
26.

31 INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL
ANALYSIS

Study and analysis of tabulated data
leading to interpolation, numerical in-
tegration, numerical solutions of differen-
tial equations, and systems of equations.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 15 and
Mathematics 19. Alternate years. Cross-
listed as Mathematics 31.

37 COMPUTATIONAL MATRIX
ALGEBRA

An introduction to some of the
algorithms which have been developed for
producing numerical solutions to such
linear algebraic problems as solving
systems of linear equations, inverting
matrices, computing the eigenvalues of a
matrix, and solving the linear least-
squares problem. Prerequisite: Computer
Science 15 and Mathematics 19 or consent
of instructor. Alternate years. Cross-
listed as Mathematics 3 7.

42

44 MACHINE LANGUAGE

Principles of machine language program-
ming; computer organization and
representation of numbers, strings, ar-
rays, and list structures at the machine
level; interrupt programming, relocatable
code, linking loaders; interfacing with
operating systems. Prerequisite: Com-
puter Science 26. A Iternate years.

45 SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING

The emphasis in this course is on the
algorithms used in programming the
various parts of a computer system. These
parts include assemblers, loaders, editors,
interrupt processors, input/output
schedulers, processor and job schedulers,
and memory managers. Prerequisite:
Computer Science 27 and 44. Alternate
years.

46 COMPILER CONSTRUCTION

The emphasis in this course is on the con-
struction of translators for programming
languages. Topics include lexical analysis,
block structure, grammars, parsing, pro-
gram representation, and run-time
organization. Prerequisite: Computer
Science 27. Alternate years.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)

Mathematics

A major in mathematics consists of
10 units of courses in the
mathematical sciences: Computer
Science 15, Mathematics 18, 19, 20,
24, 34, 42, and three other
mathematics courses numbered above
20. Students seeking secondary cer-
tification in mathematics are required
to complete Mathematics 30 and 36
and are advised to enroll in
Philosophy 17. In addition, all ma-
jors are advised to elect Computer
Science 15, Philosophy 20 and 33,
and Astronomy/Physics 25 and 26.

In addition to the regular courses
listed below, special courses are occa-
sionally available on an independent-
study basis. Recent topics include
graph theory, discrete probability, ac-
tuarial mathematics, theory of games
of chance, and mathematics physics.

1 CONTINUOUS MODELS

A survey of the central ideas of the in-
finitesimal calculus, its historical develop-
ment, and some of its modern applica-
tions. Students with credit for
Mathematics 9 or 18 may not receive
credit for this course. One-half unit of
credit.

5 INDIVIDUALIZED LABORATORY
INSTRUCTION IN BASIC ALGEBRA
A self-paced study of arithmetic and
decimal numerals, fractions, the real
number line, factoring, solutions to linear
and quadratic equations, graphs of linear
and quadratic functions, expressions with
rational exponents, algebraic functions,
exponential functions, and inequalities.
THIS COURSE IS LIMITED TO
STUDENTS PLACED THEREIN BY
THE MATHEMATICS DEPART-
MENT. One-half unit of credit.

7 MATHEMATICS IN ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION

This course is intended for prospective
elementary-school teachers and is re-
quired of all those seeking elementary cer-
tification. Topics include systems of
numbers and of numeration, computa-
tional algorithms, environmental and
transformation geometry measurement,
and mathematical concept formation.
Observation and participation in Greater
Williamsport elementary schools. Core-
quisite: any education course numbered
40 or above which is specifically required
for elementary certification or consent of
instructor.

9 INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS

An intuitive approach to the calculus con-
cepts with applications to business,
biology, and social-science problems. Not
open to students who have completed
Mathematics 18. Prerequisite: credit for
or exemption from Mathematics 5. Alter-
nate years.

12 FINITE MATHEMATICS FOR
DECISION MAKING

An introduction to some of the principal
mathematical models, not involving
calculus, which are used in business ad-
ministration, social sciences, and opera-
tions research. The course will include
both deterministic models such as graphs,
networks, linear programming and voting
models, and probabilistic models such as
Markov chains and games. Prerequisite:
credit for or exemption from
Mathematics 5.

13 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
Empirical distributions of measurements,
probability and random variables.

discrete and continuous probability
distributions, statistical inference from
small samples, linear regression and cor-
relation, analysis of enumerative data.
Prerequisite: credit for or exemption from
Mathematics 5.

14 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS

The study of statistical techniques used in
experimental designs involving more than
two random variables. Techniques in-
clude analysis of variance, analysis of
covariance, multiple regression and cor-
relation, introduction to factor analysis,
and discriminative analysis. Extensive use
of the PDP1 1/70 computer as a problem-
solving tool will be included. Prerequisite-
Mathematics 13. Alternate years. One-
half unit of credit.

17 PRECALCULUS MATHEMATICS
The study of logarithmic, exponential,
trigonometric, polynomial, and rational
functions, their graphs, and elementary
properties. Prerequisite: credit for or ex-
emption from Mathematics 5.

18 CALCULUS WITH ANALYTIC
GEOMETRY I

Differentiation of algebraic functions,
graphing plane curves, applications to
related rate and extremal problems, in-
tegration of algebraic functions, areas of
plane regions, volumes of solids or
revolution, and other applications. Prere-
quisite: a grade of C or belter in
Mathematics 17 or its equivalent or con-
sent of instructor.

19 CALCULUS WITH ANALYTIC
GEOMETRY II

Differentiation and integration of
transcendental functions, parametric
equations, polar coordinates, the conic
sections and their applications, infinite se-
quences, and series expansions. Prere-
quisite: a grade of C or better in
Mathematics 18 or consent of instructor.

20 MULTIVARIATE CALCULUS WITH
MATRIX ALGEBRA

Vectors, linear transformations and their
matrix representations, determinants,
matrix inversion, solutions to systems of
linear equations, differentiation and in-
tegration of multivariate functions, vector
field theory and applications. Prere-
quisite: a grade of C or better in
Mathematics 19 or consent of instructor.

21 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

A study of ordinary differential equations
and their applications: first-order linear
differential equations, the Picard Ex-
istence Theorem, solution by separation
of variables, solution by numerical

43

methods; second-order linear differential
equations, solution by variation of
parameters, solution by power series,
solution by Laplace transforms; system of
first-order equation, solutions by eigen-
values; qualitative theory, stability theory
asymptotic behavior, and the Poincare-
Bendixon theorem. Besides the usual ap-
plications in physics and engineering, con-
siderable attention will be given tc
modern applications in the social and life
sciences. Prerequisite: a grade of C or bel-
ter in Mathematics 19 or consent of in-
structor. A llernate years.

23 COMPLEX VARIABLES

Complex numbers, analytic functions,
complex integration, Cauchy's theorems
and their applications. Corequisite:
Mathematics 20. Alternate years.

24 FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS
Topics regularly included are the nature
of mathematical systems, essentials of
logical reasoning, and axiomatic founda-
tions of set theory. Other topics frequent-
ly included are approaches to the concepts
of infinity and continuity, and the con-
struction of the real number system. The
course serves as a bridge from the elemen-
tary calculus to advanced courses in
algebra and analysis. Prerequisite:
Mathematics 19 or consent of instructor.

30 TOPICS OF GEOMETRY

An axiomatic treatment of Euclidean
geometry, and an introduction to related
geometries. Prerequisite: Mathematics 18.
A Iternale years.

31 INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL
ANALYSIS

Study and analysis of tabulated data
leading to interpolation, numerical in-
tegration, numerical solutions of differen-
tial equations, and systems of equations.
Prerequisite: Computer Science IS and
Mathematics 19. Alternate years. Cross-
listed as Computer Science 31.

32-33 MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS I-II
A study of probability, discrete and con-
tinuous random variables, expected
values and moments, sampling, point
estimation, sampling distributions, inter-
val estimation, test of hypotheses, regres-
sion and linear hypotheses, experimental
design models. Corequisite: Mathematics
20. A llernate years.

34 MODERN ALGEBRA

An integrated approach to groups, rings.
fields, and vector spaces and functions
which preserve their structure. Prere-
quisite: Mathematics 24.

36 CONCEPTS OF MATHEMATICS IN
SECONDARY EDUCATION

A course designed for mathematics ma-
jors who are planning to teach at the
secondary level. Emphasis will be placed
on the mathematics that form the founda-
tion of secondary mathematics. Ideas will
be presented to familiarize the student
with various curriculum proposals, to
provide for innovation within the existing
curriculum, and to expand the boundaries
of the existing curriculum. Open only to
junior and senior mathematics majors
enrolled in the secondary-education pro-
gram. Alternate years.

37 COMPUTATIONAL MATRIX
ALGEBRA

An introduction to some of the
algorithms which have been developed for
producing numerical solutions to such
linear algebraic problems as solving
systems of linear equations, inverting
matrices, computing the eigenvalues of a
matrix, and solving the linear least
squares problem. Prerequisite: Computer
Science 15 and Mathematics 19 or consent
of instructor. Alternate years. Cross-
listed as Computer Science 3 7.

38 OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Queuing theory, including simulation
techniques; optimization theory, in-
cluding linear programming, integer pro-
gramming, and dynamic programming;
game theory, including two-person zero-
sum games, cooperative games, and
multiperson games. Prerequisite:
Mathematics 12 or Mathematics 20.
A llernate years.

42 REAL ANALYSIS

A rigorous analysis of the basic concepts
of real variable calculus; the real number
system as a complete, ordered field; the
topology of Euclidean space, compact
sets, the Heine-Borel Theorem; continui-
ty; the Intermediate Value Theorem;
derivatives, the Mean Value Theorem;
Riemann integrals, the Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus; infinite series, and
Taylor's theorem. Prerequisite:
Mathematics 24.

48 SEMINAR

Topics in modern mathematics of current
interest to the instructor. A different topic
is selected each semester. This semester is
designed to provide junior and senior
mathematics majors and other qualified
students with more than the usual oppor-
tunity for concentrated and cooperative
inquiry. Prerequisite: consent of instruc-
tor. One-half unit of credit. This course
may he repeated for credit.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)

MUSIC

Assistant Professors: Boerckel, Jex,
Thayer (Chairman)
Part-time Instructors: Gallup, Lakey,
Nacinovich, Russell, Serang

The music major is required to take a
balanced program of theory, applied
music, music history, and music
ensemble. A minimum of eight
courses (exclusive of applied music
and ensemble) is required, and these
must include Music 10, 11, 17, 22,
and any two from 35, 36, 37, 38.
Music 17 is not required of the music
major who completes Music 35, 36,
37, and 38. Each major must par-
ticipate in an ensemble (Music 68
and/or 69) and take one hour of ap-
plied music per week for a minimum
of four semesters. (See Music 60-66).
The major must include at least one-
half hour of piano in the applied pro-
gram unless a piano proficiency test is
requested and passed. Anyone declar-
ing music as a second major must do
so by the beginning of the junior
year.

10-11 MUSIC THEORY I AND II

A two-semester course open to all
students. An examination of the fun-
damental components and theoretical
concepts of music. The student will
develop musicianship through application
of applied skills. (Music 10 is prerequi\itc
to Music III.

16 INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC

A basic course in the materials and techni-
ques of music. Examples drawn from
various periods and styles are designed to
enhance perception and appreciation
through careful and informed listening.

17 SURVEY OF WESTERN MUSIC

A chronological survey of Western music
from the Middle Ages to the present for
the major or non-major.

44

18 AMERICAN MUSIC I

For the major or non-major interested in
studying all types of American music,
from pre-Revolutionary days through
World War I. Areas explored will include
Indian, African, and European roots in-
fluencing the serious music for small and
large ensembles, the development of show
music from minstrels to Broadway
musicals, the evolution of "Tin Pan
Alley," and the beginnings of jazz. Alter-
nate years.

19 AMERICAN MUSIC II

For the major or non-major interested in
studying all types of American music.
American Music II will cover post- World
War I days to the present. Areas explored
will include indigenous serious music for
small and large ensembles, the mature
Broadway musical, the evolution of jazz,
the development of rock, and the fusion
of musical styles in the 1970's. Alternate
years.

20-21 MUSIC THEORY III AND IV

A continuation of the integrated theory
course moving toward newer uses of
music materials. Prerequisite: Music 11.
Alternate years.

22 ELECTRONIC MUSIC I

Largely a non-technical introduction to
electronic music designed for the major
and non-major. The course traces the
development of electronic music, in-
troduces the student to simple tape-
splicing and recorder manipulation, and
progresses to the present-day synthesizer
and multitrack techniques. Students will
work collectively and individually in the
electronic studios. Alternate years.

30 COMPOSITION

Creative writing in smaller vocal and in-
strumental forms. The beginning of the
course requires students to indentify and
use the techniques developed by major
composers of the 20th century. Students
begin developing a personal style of com-
position in the remainder of the semester.
One composition by each class member
will be presented in a New Works recital
toward the end of the semester. Prere-
quisite: Music 10-11 or consent of instruc-
tor. A Iternate years.

31 CONDUCTING

A study of the fundamentals of conduc-
ting with frequent opportunity for prac-
tical experience. The College music
organizations serve to make performance
experience possible. Prerequisite: Music
10-11 or consent of instructor. Alternate
years.

33 ELECTRONIC MUSIC II

An in-depth study of the Moog syn-
thesizer, including alternating and direct
current, signal generators and the
characteristics of their waveforms, con-
trol voltage and its sources, the transient
and periodic modulations. Basic mixing
and filtering techniques will be examined.
Students will be assigned studio hours to
complete the recording assignments.
Prerequisite: Music 22. Alternate years.

35 MUSIC HISTORY TO J.S. BACH

A survey of Western music from
Gregorian chant to the masterworks of
Handel and Bach. Church music of the
Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Baroque
periods is of primary importance with the
origins of instrumental music and opera
receiving secondary consideration. Prere-
quisite: Music 17 or consent of instructor.
A Iternate years.

36 MUSIC HISTORY OF THE
18TH CENTURY

The symphonies, operas, chamber music,
and piano works of Haydn, Mozart, and
Beethoven are studied within the social
and cultural climate of late 18th century
Europe. Rococo music in France and Italy
will be considered with the expressive style
of Germany and Austria. Prerequisite:
Music 17 or consent of instructor. Alter-
nate years.

37 MUSIC OF THE 19TH CENTURY

A study of the music of the Romantic
period with emphasis on Beethoven,
Schubert, Chopin, Berlioz, Liszt,
Schumann, Brahms, Wagner, Verdi,
Tchaikovsky, and others. Close examina-
tion of short lyric forms, program music,
opera, and the sonata genre. Prerequisite:
Music 17 or consent of instructor. A Iter-
nate years.

38 MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Beginning with Debussy, Strauss, Mahler,
and Sibelius, the course traces some of the
main currents in the music of our time.
Emphasis given to such composers as
Stravinsky, Bartok, Ives, Shostakovich,
Berg, Gershwin, and others. Prerequisite:
Music 17 or consent of instructor. Alter-
nate years.

39 ORCHESTRATION

A study of modern orchestral instruments
and examination of their use by the great
masters with practical problems in in-
strumentation. The College music
organizations serve to make performance
experience possible. Prerequisite: Music
10-11 or consent of instructor. Alternate
years.

40 COUNTERPOINT

A study of the five species in two-, three-
and four-part writing. Emphasis is placed
upon the 16th century writing style. Prere-
quisite: Music 10-11 or consent of instruc-
tor. Alternate years.

42 ELECTRONIC MUSIC III

An introduction to acoustic theory, echo
technique, location modulation, applica-
tion of equalization, phasing, and
microphones. The student will write and
perform an electronic composition utiliz-
ing real-time networks. Prerequisite:
Music 33. Alternate years.

43 ELECTRONIC MUSIC IV

A study of major compositions and
genres of electronic music. The student
will complete an original composition
based upon a study of these techniques
and forms. Prerequisite: Music 42. Alter-
nate years.

Applied Music and Ensemble

The study of performance in piano,
voice, organ, strings, woodwinds,
and percussion is designed to develop
sound technique and a knowledge of
the appropriate literature for the in-
strument. Student recitals offer op-
portunities to gain experience in
public performance. Music majors
and other students qualified in per-
formance may present formal
recitals.

Credit for applied music courses
(private lessons) and ensemble (choir
and band) is earned on a fractional
basis. For a description of this, see
page 9. An applied course or ensem-
ble should NOT be substituted for an
academic course, but should in every
case be in addition to the normal four
academic courses.

Extra fees apply for private lessons
(Music 60-66) as follows:
$90 per semester for a half-hour
lesson per week. Private lessons are
given for 13 weeks.
60 Piano 61 Voice 62 Strings 63
Organ 64 Brass 65 Woodwinds 66
Percussion

68 CHORAL ENSEMBLE
(CHOIR)

Participation in the College choir is
designed to enable any student possessing

45

at least average talent an opportunity to
study choral technique. Emphasis is plac-
ed upon acquaintance with choral
literature, tone production, diction, and
phrasing. Students desiring credit for
choir are allowed a maximum of one hour
per semester. A student who is enrolled in
choir and not band should elect Music
68-B (one hour credit). Students enrolled
in both band and choir should elect 68-A
and 69-A (one-half hour in each).

69 INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE
(BAND)

The College band allows students with
some instrumental experience to become
acquainted with good band literature and
develop personal musicianship through
participation in group instrumental activi-
ty. Students desiring credit for ensemble
are allowed a maximum of one hour per
semester. A student who is enrolled in
band, but not choir, should elect Music
69-B (one hour credit). A student enrolled
in both band and choir should elect 68-A
and 69-A (one-half hour in each).

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY
(See Index)

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY
FOR DEPARTMENTAL
HONORS (See Index)

NEAR EAST CULTURE AND
ARCHAEOLOGY

Professor: Guerra (Coordinator)

The Near East Culture and Ar-
chaeology interdisciplinary major is
designed to acquaint students with
the "cradle of Western civilization,"
both in its ancient and modern
aspects. Majors will complete a
minimum of eight to 10 courses
related to the Near East.

Required courses are described in
their departmental sections and in-
clude:

I. Four courses (semesters) in
language and cultural from:
History and Culture of the An-
cient Near East (Religion 28)
History of Art (Art 22)
Ancient History (History 20)
Old Testament Faith and History
(Religion 13)

46

Judaism and Islam (Religion 24)
Two semesters of foreign
language (Hebrew 1, 2 or Greek
1,2)

2. Two courses (semesters) in ar-
chaeology from:

Bible, Archaeology and Faith
(Religion 46)

Special Archaeology courses,
such as independent studies or in
May term or summer sessions in
the Near East.

3. Two courses (semesters) in the
cooperating departments (art,
history, political science, religion
and sociology-anthropology) or
related departments. These two
courses, usually taken in the
junior or senior years, can be in-
dependent study. Topics should
be related either to the ancient or
the modern Near East and must
be approved in advance by the
committee supervising the inter-
disciplinary program. The study
of modern Arabic or Hebrew is
encouraged.

Other courses may be suggested by
the supervisory committee within the
limits of a 10-course major. The
number of courses taken within this
program applicable toward fulfilling
the College distribution requirements
will vary according to the selection of
courses.

NURSING

Professor: Rodgers (Chairman)
Instructor: Pagana

Students wishing to major in nursing
will be admitted to the College under
the usual admission standards and be
classified as "Pre-Nursing." To be
considered for admission to the
Department of Nursing, freshmen
should follow the nursing curriculum
for the freshman year in the sequence
designated. A supplementary applica-
tion must be submitted to the Depart-
ment of Nursing by March 1 of the
freshman year. Students will be

notified by letter of their admission
status no later than April 1 .

The major in nursing consists of:
Nursing 20, 21, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 40, 41, 42, and 43 or 80-89. In ad-
dition, the following are required
prerequisites for specific nursing
courses: Chemistry 8, 15, Biology
13-14, 26, Psychology 10, 17,
Mathematics 13 and Computer
Science 15. The religion/philosophy
distribution requirement is met by the
required courses: Philosophy 19 and
Religion 20. The history/social
science distribution requirement is
met by the required courses:
Psychology 10 and 17. In addition,
the student is required to take one
course from among Sociology/ An-
thropology 10, 14, 16, 20, or 28. The
fine arts/foreign language distribu-
tion requirement can be met by two
courses in one department from
among art, literature, music, theatre,
or in foreign language on the in-
termediate or higher course level.

A grade of C or better is required in
all clinical nursing courses in order to
continue in the nursing program.
These courses are Nursing 21, 30, 31,
32, 33, 36, 40 and 41.

Unless otherwise indicated, nursing
courses are open only to nursing ma-
jors.

20 CONCEPTS OF NUTRITION IN
FAMILY HEALTH

Essentials of normal nutrition and their
relationship to the health of individuals
and families. These concepts serve as a
basis for the development of an
understanding of therapeutic application
of dietary principles and the health pro-
fessional's role and responsibility in this
facet of client care. Three hours of lec-
ture. Three-quarter unit. Prerequisites:
Chemistry 8. 15, or consent of instructor.
Open to non-nursing majors.

21 FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL
NURSING PRACTICE
Introduction of major theoretical
elements underlying professional nursing
practice. Focus on the concept of health
and common health problems recognizing
the multidirectional influence of the in-
dividual, family, and environment. In this
first clinical course the student will utilize

the nursing process in assisting clients to
attain a maximum level of functioning.
Three hours of lecture and five hours
clinical laboratory. VA units. Prere-
quisites: Chemistry 8, 15, and Biology 13.

30-31 NURSING CARE

OF THE DEVELOPING FAMILY
Examination of health and nursing needs
of beginning and developing families.
Emphasis on nursing needs of mothers
and infants within the family unit as well
as the common health problems of
children through adolescence. Three
hours of lecture and seven and one-half
hours clinical laboratory, VA units.
Prerequisite for Nursing 30: Nursing 21,
Biology 14 and 26. Prerequisite for Nurs-
ing 31: Nursing 30.

32-33 NURSING CARE OF THE ADULT
Identification of adult health care needs
and implementation of nursing activities
based on an understanding of growth and
development, pathophysiology, com-
munication skills, interpersonal dynamics
and psychosocial interventions. Three
hours of lecture and 7'A hours clinical
laboratory. VA units. Prerequisite for
Nursing 32: Nursing 21, Biology 14 and
26. Prerequisite for Nursing 33: Nursing
32.

34 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
PHARMACOLOGY AND
THERAPEUTICS

Fundamentals of pharmacology and
therapeutics are presented for the various
classes of drugs. Relationship of phar-
macological mechanisms to the affected
biochemical and physiological processes.
Interactions and toxicologic aspects of
drug therapy are reviewed. Four hours of
lecture. One unit. Corequisite: Nursing
30, 32, or permission of instructor. Open
to non-nursing majors.

35 RESEARCH IN NURSING
Expansion of theoretical basis of research
methodology with emphasis on analyzing,
criticizing and interpreting nursing
research. Development of a research pro-
posal focusing on a nursing problem.
Four hours of lecture. One unit. Prere-
quisites: Mathematics 13, Computer
Science 15, and Nursing 30 and 32.

36 THE NURSE IN THE
SOCIAL SYSTEM

Seminar discussions and clinical
laboratory using the hospital as a pro-
totype. Theories of social systems. Ex-
amination of induction into the hospital
system. Evaluation of standards of care.
Focus on utilization of change theory.
Twelve hours of lecture and 96 hours

clinical laboratory. One unit. Prere-
quisites: Nursing 31, 33. Required for the
nursing major and offered only in May
term.

40 NURSING CARE OF THE
EMOTIONALLY TROUBLED
INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY
Examination of disturbed human rela-
tionships with focus on intrapsychic, in-
terpersonal and physiologic etiology. Em-
phasis on advanced therapeutic nurse-
patient relationships within context of
family, community, and health care
systems. Three hours of lecture and 7 'A
hours clinical laboratory. l'A units.
Prerequisites: Nursing 31, 33, 36.

41 COMPREHENSIVE NURSING CARE
Culminating nursifig course with focus on
utilizing nursing theory in a choice of
clinical settings. Seminars will provide op-
portunities for students to share com-
monalities and unique aspects of profes-
sional practice. Three hours of lecture and
7 A hours clinical laboratory. l'A units.
Prerequisites: Nursing 36, 40.

42 PROFESSIONAL ISSUES

An analysis of nursing issues in the con-
text of the historical background of the
profession, the social forces which in-
fluence nursing, and nursing's impact
upon society. Two hour seminar. One-
half unit. Prerequisite: Senior standing.

43 TOPICS IN NURSING

Selected topic courses in nursing designed
to permit students to pursue subjects
which, because of their specialized nature,
may not be offered on a regular basis.
One-half unit. Prerequisite: Senior stan-
ding.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY
IN NURSING
An opportunity to develop and implement
an individual plan of study under faculty
guidance. One-half unit. Prerequisite:
Senior standing or permission of the
chairman.

PHILOSOPHY

Associate Professors: Griffith

(Chairman), Whelan
Assistant Professor: Herring

The study of philosophy develops a
critical understanding of the basic
concepts and presuppositions around
which we organize our thought in
science, religion, education, morality,

the arts, and other human enter-
prises. A major in philosophy,
together with appropriate other
courses, can provide an excellent
preparation for policy-making posi-
tions of many kinds, for graduate
study in several fields, and for careers
in education, law, and the ministry.
The major in philosophy consists of
at least eight courses numbered 10 or
above, of which six must be
numbered 20 or above and must in-
clude 21 or 23, 22 or 24, and 49. In
addition to the courses listed below,
special courses are often offered.

5 PRACTICAL REASONING

A general introduction to topics in logic
and their application to practical reason-
ing, with primary emphasis on detecting
fallacies, evaluating inductive reasoning,
and understanding the rudiments of scien-
tific method.

10 INTRODUCTION TO

PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS

An introductory course designed to show
the nature of philosophy by examination
of several examples of problems which
have received extended attention in
philosophical literature. These topics
often include the relation of the mind to
the body, the possibility of human
freedom, arguments about the existence
of God, the conditions of knowledge, and
the relation of language to thought. Some
attention is also given to the principles of
acceptable reasoning.

14 PHILOSOPHY AND PERSONAL
CHOICE

An introductory philosophical examina-
tion of a number of contemporary moral
issues which call for personal decision.
Topics often investigated include: the
"good" life, obligation to others, sexual
ethics, abortion, suicide and death,
violence and pacifism, obedience to the
law, the relevance of personal beliefs to
morality. Discussion centers on some of
the suggestions philosophers have made
about how to make such decisions.

15 PHILOSOPHY AND PUBLIC POLICY

An introductory philosophical examina-
tion of the moral and conceptual dimen-
sion of various contemporary public
issues, such as the relation of ethics to
politics and the law, the enforcement of
morals, the problems of fair distribution
of goods and opportunities, the
legitimacy of restricting the use of natural
resources, and the application of ethics to

47

business practice. Discussion centers on
some of the suggestions philosophers have
made about how to deal with these issues.

16 ETHICAL ISSUES IN BUSINESS

An introductory philosophical examina-
tion of a variety of moral problems that
arise concerning the American business
system. Included are a systematic con-
sideration of typical moral problems fac-
ed by individuals and an examination of
common moral criticisms of the business
system itself.

17 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES
IN EDUCATION

An examination of the basic concepts in-
volved in thought about education, and a
consideration of the various methods for
justifying educational proposals. Typical
of the issues discussed are: Are education
and indoctrination different? What is a
liberal education? Are education and
schooling compatible? What do we need
to learn? Alternate years.

18 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN
CRIMINAL JUSTICE

An introductory examination of various
philosophical issues and concepts which
are of special importance in legal con-
texts. Discussion includes both general
topics, such as the justification of punish-
ment, and more specific topics, such as
the insanity defense and the rights of the
accused. Readings are arranged topically
and include both classical and contem-
porary sources.

19 ETHICAL ISSUES IN
BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

A philosophical investigation of some of
the ethical issues which arise as a result of
contemporary medical and biological
technology. Typical of these issues are
euthanasia, behavior control, patient
rights, experimentation on humans, fetal
research, abortion, genetic engineering,
population control, and distribution of
health resources.

20 SYMBOLIC LOGIC

A study of modern symbolic logic and its
application to the analysis of arguments.
Included are truth-functional relations,
the logic of propositional functions, and
deductive systems. Attention is also given
to various topics in the philosophy of
logic.

21 ANCIENT GREEK ETHICAL AND
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
An examination of the ethical and
political views of Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle. Considerable attention is paid
to the relationship between these views

and the social and intellectual milieu out
of which they developed. However, the
primary emphasis is on understanding the
philosophical issues raised in selected
Aristotelian and Platonic texts. Prere-
quisite: freshmen must have instructor's
permission. Alternate years.

22 HISTORY OF MODERN
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

An historical survey of the most impor-
tant social and political philosophers of
the modern period. Particular attention is
paid to the social contract theories of
Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, and some
consideration will be given to the political
philosophies of Hegel, Marx, and Mill.
Prerequisite: freshmen must have instruc-
tor's permission. Alternate years.

23 ANCIENT GREEK SCIENCE
AND METAPHYSICS

An historical survey of the first attempt
to understand the physical universe
scientifically. Particular attention is paid
to the common origins of philosophy and
science in the works of the pre-Platonic
philosophers, to the question of how
scientific and philosophical thinking is
distinct from mythological and
technological thinking, and to the interac-
tion between philosophy and science in
formulating the fundamental problems
about the physical universe and in
developing and criticizing the various con-
cepts introduced in attempts to solve
those problems. Prerequisite: freshmen
must have instructor's permission. Alter-
nate years.

24 EARLY MODERN SCIENCE
AND METAPHYSICS
An historical survey of the early modern
attempt to understand the physical
universe. Particular attention is paid to
the continuities and discontinuities bet-
ween early modern science and
metaphysics and ancient Greek science
and metaphysics, to the rationalism-
empiricism dispute in science and
metaphysics, and to the interaction bet-
ween philosophy and science in for-
mulating fundamental questions about
the physical universe and in developing
and criticizing concepts designed to
answer them. Prerequisite: freshmen must
have instructor's permission. Alternate
years.

31 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES IN

CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY
Theories in psychology which attempt to
explain human behavior seem to conflict
in various ways with religion, with com-
mon ideas about morality, and with com-
monsensical ways of explaining human

behavior. This course examines some of
those conflicts philosophically. Prere-
quisite: students without previous study in
philosophy must have instructor's permis-
sion. Alternate years.

32 PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

A philosophical examination of religion.
Included are such topics as the nature of
religious discourse, arguments for and
against the existence of God, and the rela-
tion between religion and science.
Readings from classical and contem-
porary sources. Prerequisite: students
without previous study in philosophy
must have instructor's permission. Alter-
nate years.

33 PHILOSOPHY OF NATURAL
SCIENCE

A consideration of philosophically impor-
tant conceptual problems arising from
reflection about natural science, including
such topics as the nature of scientific laws
and theories, the character of explana-
tion, the import of prediction, the ex-
istence of "non-observable" theoretical
entities such as electrons and genes, the
problem of justifying induction, and
various puzzles associated with probabili-
ty. Prerequisite: students without
previous study in philosophy must have
instructor's permission. Alternate years.

34 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHY

A systematic philosophical investigation
of the relation between human nature and
the proper social and political order.
Topics studied include the purpose of
government, the nature of legitimate
authority, the foundation of human
rights, and the limits of human freedom.
Emphasis is placed on the logic of social
and political thought and on the analysis
of basic principles and concepts. Prere-
quisite: students without previous
philosophy must have instructor's permis-
sion.

35 ETHICAL THEORY

An inquiry concerning the grounds which
distinguish morally right from morally
wrong actions. Central to the course is
critical consideration of the proposals and
the rationale of relativists, egoists,
utilitarians, and other ethical theorists.
Various topics in metaethics are also in-
cluded. Prerequisite: students without
previous study in philosophy must have
instructor's permission.

48

49 DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR

An investigation, carried on by discus-
sions and papers, into one philosophical
problem, text, philosopher, or movement.

A different topic is selected each semester.
Recent topics include Sidgwick's ethics,
religious language, Kierkegaard, legal
punishment. Wittgenstein, personal iden-
tity and human rights. This seminar is
designed to provide junior and senior
philosophy majors and other qualified
students with more than the usual oppor-
tunity for concentrated and cooperative
inquiry. Prerequisite: consent of instruc-
tor. This seminar may be repeated for
credit.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

80 INDEPENDENT STUDY

Recent independent studies in philosophy
include Nietzsche, moral education,
Rawls' theory of justice, existentialism,
euthanasia, Plato's ethics, and
philosophical aesthetics.

90 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Associate Professor: Burch

(Chairman)

Assistant Professor: Whitehill

Instructors: Hair, Holmes

1 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Coeducational physical education classes.
Basic instructions in fundamentals,
knowledge, and appreciation of sports
that include swimming, tennis, bowling,
volleyball, archery, field hockey, soccer,
golf, badminton, modern dance, skiing,
elementary games (for elementary
teachers), toneastics, physical fitness, and
other activities. Backpacking, cross-
country and alpine skiing, jogging, and
cycling are offered on a contract basis.
Beginning swimming is required for all
nonswimmers. Students may select any
activity offered. A reasonable degree of
proficiency is required in the activities.
Emphasis is on the potential use of ac-
tivities as recreational and leisure-time in-
terests. Two semesters of physical educa-
tion (two hours per week) are required.
All physical education classes are open to
men and women.

Athletic Training

Lycoming College established an ap-
prenticeship program in athletic
training in 1979 after recognizing two
conditions: the importance of the
care and prevention of athletic in-
juries by trained professionals and

the career's promising growth poten-
tial.

To complete this non-credit pro-
gram students participate in practical
as well as classroom work under the
supervision of Lycoming's certified
athletic trainer. Students become
eligible to participate in the National
Athletic Trainers Association
(N.A.T.A.) Certification Examina-
tion to earn the status of an
N.A.T.A. certified trainer.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Professor: Giglio (Chairman)
Associate Professor: Roskin
Assistant Professor: Grogan

The major is designed to provide a
systematic understanding of govern-
ment and politics at the international,
national, state, and local levels. Ma-
jors are encouraged to develop their
faculties to make independent, objec-
tive analyses which can be applied to
the broad spectrum of the social
sciences.

Although the political science ma-
jor is not designed as a vocational
major, students with such training
may go directly into government ser-
vice, journalism, teaching, or private
administrative agencies. A political
science major can provide the base
for the study of law, or for graduate
studies leading to administrative
work in federal, state, or local
governments, international organiza-
tions, or college teaching. Students
seeking certification to teach secon-
dary school social studies may major
in political science but should consult
their advisers and the education
department.

A major consists of eight political
science courses. Political Science 15 is
required unless exempted by the
department. Exemptions will be
granted only if they strengthen the
student's program. In addition,
students must take at least one course
in each of the five areas (A to E)
below. To encourage familiarity with
other social sciences, at least two
courses must be completed from the

following: American Studies 10;
Business 35 and 36 (recommended for
prelaw); Economics 10, 11, 32, 45;
History 24, 32, 33, 34; Philosophy 21 ,
22; Sociology and Anthropology 26,
38.

Students also may take a minor in
political science. Three minors are of-
fered: 1) a minor in political science
consists of any four courses
numbered above 15 from areas A to
E, including Political Science 15; 2) a
minor in foreign affairs consists of
four courses selected from the follow-
ing offerings: Political Science 20, 25,
26, 27, 38 and 39; and 3) a minor in
legal studies consists of the following
courses: Political Science 30, 31, 35,
and 36.

Students are encouraged to consult
with department members on the
selection of a minor.

15 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICS

The behavior and misbehavior of the
political animal, man. Why he forms
political communities; how he may im-
prove and destroy them. Required of all
political science majors; open to a limited
number of other interested students.

A. American Government

10 GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
IN THE UNITED STATES

An introduction to American national
government which emphasizes both
structural-functional analysis and policy-
making processes. In addition to the
legislative, executive, and judicial bran-
ches of government, attention will be
given to political parties and interest
groups, elections and voting behavior,
and constitutional rights. Recommended
to all social science education majors and
to those students who have had inade-
quate or insufficient preparation in
American government.

1 1 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
An examination of the general principles,
major problems, and political processes
of the states and their subdivisions,
together with their role in a federal type of
government.

30 THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL
SYSTEM

An analysis of the Supreme Court in the
American system of government with
some attention paid to judicial decision

49

making. Topics include: judicial review,
federalism, constitutional limits on
legislative and executive powers, elec-
tions, and representation. Alternate
years.

31 CIVIL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES

What are our rights and liberties as
Americans? What should they be? A
frank discussion of the nature and scope
of the constitutional guarantees. First
Amendment rights, the rights of criminal
suspects and defendants, racial and sexual
equality, and equal protection of the laws.
Students will read and brief the more im-
portant Supreme Court decisions. Prere-
quisite: junior or senior standing or con-
sent of instructor.

33 BUREAUCRACY AND PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
What is bureaucracy? Why and how do
bureaucracies arise? What has been the
political impact of growth of bureaucracy
in government? These questions, among
other, will be considered in this examina-
tion of public bureaucracies. This course
is highly recommended to students plann-
ing to take an internship in city or county
government through the political science
department.

B. American Politics

22

23

24

28

50

POLITICAL PARTIES AND
INTEREST GROUPS
An examination of the history, organiza-
tion, functions, and methods of American
political parties. Special attention is
devoted to the role of organized interest
groups in the political process. Alternate
years.

AMERICAN PRESIDENCY
A study of the office and powers of the
president with analysis of his major roles
as chief administrator, legislator, political
leader, foreign policy maker, and
commander-in-chief. Special attention is
given to those presidents who led the na-
tion boldly.

THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
A study of the role of the legislature in the
framework of the national and state
governments. Consideration of the in-
fluence of the parties, pressure groups,
public opinion, constituencies, the "com-
mittee system," the "administration,"
and the constitution in the lawmaking
process. Alternate years.

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN
PUBLIC POLICY I

Introduction to basic principles of policy
analysis, including identification of con-

temporary public policy problems, alter-
native solutions, formal government and
other participants in the policy-making
process, and evaluation of policy impact.
Includes a detailed case-study analysis of
one major policy controversy. This is a
one-half unit course (first seven weeks of
semester). Students wishing to register in
full unit course should register for both
PS 28 and PS 29; those wishing to register
for a one-half unit course only should
register for PS 28. Alternate years.

29 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN
PUBLIC POLICY II

A continuation of PS 28 with an emphasis
on the variety of major issues in public
policy confronting American government
and society. Includes a detailed case-study
analysis of one major public policy con-
troversy (will differ from that analyzed in
PS 28). This is a one-half unit course (se-
cond seven weeks of semester). Prere-
quisite: PS 28. Students wishing to
register in a full-unit course should
register for both PS 28 and PS 29. Alter-
nate years.

32 THE POLITICS OF CITIES
AND SUBURBS

An examination of the history, legal
basis, power, forms, services, and pro-
blems of the cities and their suburbs, with
special reference to current experiments in
the solution of the problems of
metropolitan areas.

C. Political Theory and Methodology

35 LAW AND SOCIETY

An examination into the nature, sources,
functions, and limits of law as an instru-
ment of political and social control. In-
cluded for discussion are legal problems
pertaining to the family, crime, deviant
behavior, poverty, and minority groups.
Prerequisite: junior or senior standing or
consent of instructor.

46 CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL
IDEOLOGIES

The growth, development, and current
status of liberalism, conservatism, na-
tionalism, socialism, communism, and
fascism. Alternate years.

47 THE AMERICAN POLITICAL
TRADITION

An examination of the significant ideas
which have shaped the American political
tradition from their European origins to
the present, with emphasis on the in-
fluence of these ideas in the development
of American democracy. Special attention
will be paid to an analysis of contem-
porary ideological movements: Black

power, new left, and radical feminism.
Alternate years.

48 PUBLIC OPINION AND POLLING
A course dealing with the general topic
and methodology of polling. Content in-
cludes exploration of the processes by
which people's political opinions are
formed, the manipulation of public opi-
nion through the uses of propaganda, and
the American response to politics and
political issues.

D. Comparative Politics

20 EUROPEAN POLITICS

A study of the political systems of East
and Wast Europe with emphasis on com-
parison and patterns of government. The
course will review politics in Northern
(Britain, West Germany, Sweden), Latin
(France, Italy, Spain), and Eastern
(Soviet Union, East Germany,
Yugoslavia) Europe and attempt to find
underlying similarities and differences.

26 POLITICAL CULTURES

An exploration of the "people" aspects
of political life in several countries. The
way people interact with each other and
with government, what they expect from
the system, how they acquire their
political attitudes and styles, and how
these contribute to the type of govern-
ment. Alternate years.

38 POLITICS OF DEVELOPING AREAS

The causes and possible cures for socio-
political backwardness in Asia, Africa,
and Latin America. Alternate years.

E. International Relations

25 WORLD POLITICS

Why is there war? An introduction to in-
ternational relations with emphasis on the
varieties of conflicts which may grow into
war.

27 CRISIS AREAS IN WORLD POLITICS
The study of several current areas of in-
ternational tension and conflict, including
relations among the United States, Soviet
Union, and China, plus the Middle East
and whatever new danger spots arise over
time. Alternate years.

39 AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY

The U.S. role in the world in geographic,
strategic, historical, and ideological
perspectives, plus an examination of the
domestic forces shaping U.S. policy.
A Iternate years.

F. Non-area Electives

34 POLITICAL NEWSWRITING

A workshop course in the reporting and
rewriting of public affairs at the local, na-
tional, and international levels. There will
be neither texts nor examinations, but
short written assignments will be due
every class meeting. Prerequisite: English
18 or 19 or consent of instructor. Alter-
nate years.

36 MASS MEDIA LAW AND
REGULATION

An examination of the legal structure and
the system by which mass communication
is controlled in this society. The forces
which shape, influence, and make policy
will be considered. Cross-listed as Mass
Communication 31.

G. Special Programs

70-79 INTERNSHIPS (See Index)

Students may receive academic credit for
serving as interns in structured learning
situations with a wide variety of public
and private agencies and organizations.
Students have served as interns with the
Public Defender's office, the Lycoming
County Court Administrator, and the
Williamsport city government.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Current studies relate to elections — local,
-state, and federal— while past studies
have included Soviet and world politics.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)

PSYCHOLOGY

Professor: Hancock

Associate Professor: Berthold

(Chairman)

Assistant Professor: Ryan

Part-time Instructor: Vestermark

The major provides training in both
theoretical and applied psychology. It
is designed to meet the needs of
students seeking careers in
psychology or other natural or social
sciences. It also meets the needs of
students seeking a better understan-
ding of human behavior as a means
of furthering individual and career
goals in other areas. Certain courses
are particularly appropriate for ma-

jors in other areas. Psychology ma-
jors and others are urged to discuss
course selections in psychology with
members of the department to help
insure appropriate course selection.
A major consists of Psychology 10,
31, 32, 36, and four other psychology
courses. Statistics also is required.

10 INTRODUCTORY PSYCHOLOGY

An introduction to the empirical study of
human and other animal behavior. Areas
considered may include: learning, per-
sonality, social, physiological, sensory,
cognition, and developmental.

12 GROUP PROCESSES
AND INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION

The introduction to the research and
theory from social psychology related to
small-group dynamics and interpersonal
communication. Topics covered will in-
clude communication processes, inter-
pretation of motivation, conceptualiza-
tion of individual personalities, problem
solving and leadership, The first stage of
the course will focus on research and
theory; the second half will emphasize the
development of skills and techniques
where students become members of a self-
analytic — practicing the skills and mak-
ing a case study of the processes involved.
May term only.

15 INDUSTRIAL

AND ORGANIZATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY

The application of the principles and
methods of psychology to selected in-
dustrial and organizational situations.
Prerequisite: Psychology 10 or consent of
instructor.

16 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

An introduction to the patterns of deviant
behavior with emphasis on cause, func-
tion, and treatment. The various models
for the conceptualization of abnormal
behavior are critically examined. Prere-
quisite: Psychology 10.

17 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
A study of the basic principles of early
human growth and development. Prere-
quisite: Psychology 10.

18 ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY

The study areas will include theories of
adolescence; current issues raised by as
well as about the "generation of youth;"
research findings bearing on theories and
issues of growth beyond childhood, and
self-exploration. Prerequisite: Psychology
10.

24 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

An examination of behavior in social con-
texts, including motivation, perception,
group processes and leadership, attitudes,
and methods of research. Prerequisite:
Psychology 10.

31 LEARNING EXPERIMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY

Learning processes. The examination of
the basic methods and principles of
animal and human learning. Prerequisite:
Psychology 10, Statistics.

32 SENSORY EXPERIMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY

The examination of psychophysical
methodology and basic neurophysiologi-
cal methods as they are applied to the
understanding of sensory processes.
Prerequisite: Psychology 10, Statistics.

33 PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
An introduction to the physiological
psychologist's method of approach to the
understanding of behavior as well as the
set of principles that relate the function
and organization of the nervous system to
the phenomena of behavior. The course
emphasis is on the relationship between
brain function and the physiological bases
of learning, perception, and motivation.
Laboratory experience includes both
behavioral testing and basic small-animal
neurosurgical technique as well as
histological methodology. Prerequisite:
Psychology 10 or consent of instructor.

34 PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
Psychometric methods and theory, in-
cluding scale transformation, norms,
standardization, validation procedures,
and estimation of reliability. Prerequisite:
Psychology 10, Statistics.

35 HISTORY AND SYSTEMS
OF PSYCHOLOGY

The growth of scientific psychology and
the theories and systems that have accom-
panied its development. Prerequisite: four
courses in psychology.

36 PERSONALITY THEORY

Theories of personality. A comparison of
different theoretical views on the develop-
ment and functioning of personality. Ex-
amined in detail are three general view-
points of personality: psychoanalytic,
stimulus-response (behavioristic), and
phenomenological. Prerequisite:
Psychology 10.

37 COGNITION

An investigation of human mental pro-
cesses along the two major dimensions of

51

directed and undirected thought. Topic
areas include recognition, attention, con-
ceptualization, problem-solving, fantasy,
language, dreaming, and creativity.
Prerequisite: Psychology 10.

38 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

An introduction to the empirical study of
the teaching-learning process. Areas con-
sidered may include educational objec-
tives, pupil and teacher characteristics,
concept learning, problem solving and
creativity, attitudes and values, motiva-
tion, retention and transfer, evaluation
and measurement. Prerequisite:
Psychology 10 or consent of instructor.

39 BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION

A detailed examination of the applied
analysis of behavior. Focus will be on the
application of experimental method to the
individual clinical case. The course will
cover targeting, behavior, base-rating, in-
tervention strategies, and outcome
evaluation. Learning-based modification
techniques such as contingency manage-
ment, counter-conditioning, extinction,
discrimination training, aversive condi-
tioning, and negative practice will be ex-
amined. Prerequisite: Psychology 10 or
consent of instructor.

41 PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN

A review of contemporary theory and
research on the psychology of women.
Topics of discussion include the conflicts
of women in today's society,
psychological sex differences, achieve-
ment motivation, the behaviorial effect of
hormones, and women in therapy. Prere-
quisite: Psychology 10.

48-49 PRACTICUM IN PSYCHOLOGY
An off-campus involvement in the ap-
plication of psychological skills and prin-
ciples in institutional settings. The ex-
perience includes training in behavior
modification and traditional counseling
techniques as applied in prisons, mental
health centers, and schools for the men-
tally retarded. Classroom training focuses
on various therapeutic techniques and on
students' understanding of themselves in
the counselor role. Prerequisite: consent
of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Internships give students an opportunity
to relate on-campus academic experiences
to society in general and to their post-
baccalaureate objectives in particular.
Students have, for example, worked in
prisons, public and private schools, coun-
ty government, and for the American Red
Cross.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Independent Study is an opportunity for
students to pursue special interests in
areas for which courses are not offered.
In addition, students have an opportunity
to study a topic in more depth than is
possible in the regular classroom situa-
tion. Studies in the past have included
child abuse, counseling of hospital pa-
tients, and research in the psychology of
natural disasters.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)
Honors in psychology requires original
contributions to the literature of
psychology through independent study.
The most recent honors project was a
study of the relationship between socio-
economic status and visual vs. auditory
learning.

RELIGION

Professor: Guerra (Chairman)
Associate Professor: Hughes
Assistant Professor: Robinson

A major consists of 10 courses, in-
cluding Religion 13, 14, and 20. At
least seven courses must be taken in
the department. The following
courses may be counted toward
fulfilling the major requirements:
Greek 11 and 12, Hebrew 11 and 12,
History 39 and 41, Philosophy 32,
and Sociology 33.

13 OLD TESTAMENT
FAITH AND HISTORY

A critical examination of the literature
within its historical setting and in the light
of archaeological findings to show the
faith and religious life of the Hebrew-
Jewish community in the biblical period,
and an introduction to the history of in-
terpretation with an emphasis on contem-
porary Old Testament criticism and
theology.

14 NEW TESTAMENT
FAITH AND HISTORY

A critical examination of the literature
within its historical setting to show the
faith and religious life of the Christian
community in the biblical period, and an
introduction to the history of interpreta-
tion with an emphasis on contemporary
New Testament criticism and theology.

20 DEATH AND DYING

A study of death from personal, social,
and universal standpoints with emphasis
upon what the dying may teach the living.
Principal issues are the stages of dying,
bereavement, suicide, funeral conduct,
and the religious doctrines of death and
immortality. Course includes, as op-
tional, practical projects with terminal pa-
tients under professional supervision. On-
ly one course from the combination 20-21
may be used for distribution.

21 AFTER DEATH AND DYING

An examination of the question of life
after death in terms of contemporary
clinical studies, the New Testament resur-
rection narratives, the Asian doctrine of
reincarnation, and the classical
theological beliefs of providence and
predestination. Religion 20 is recom-
mended but not required. Only one course
from the combination 20-21 may be used
for distribution.

22 PROTESTANTISM IN THE
MODERN WORLD

An examination of changing Protestant
thought and life from Luther to the pre-
sent against the backdrop of a culture
rapidly changing from the 17th century
scientific revolution to Marxism, Dar-
winism, and depth psychology. Special at-
tention will be paid to the constant in-
teraction between Protestantism and the
world in which it finds itself.

23 CHRISTIAN ORIGINS

A study of the historical, cultural, and
religious background of the formation of
Christianity and the antecedents of Chris-
tian belief and practice in post-exilic
Judaism and in Hellenism.

24 JUDAISM AND ISLAM

An examination of the rise, growth, and
expansion of Judaism and Islam with
special attention given to the theological
contents of the literatures of these
religions as far as they are normative in
matters of faith, practice, and organiza-
tion. Also, a review of their contributions
to the spiritual heritage of mankind.

25 ORIENTAL RELIGION

A phenomenological study of the basic
content of Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Chinese Taoism with special attention to
social and political relations, mythical
and aesthetic forms, and the East-West
dialogue.

28 HISTORY AND CULTURE

OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST

A study of the history and culture of

Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Syria-Palestine,

52

and Egypt from the rise of the Sumerian
culture to Alexander the Great. Careful
attention will be given to the religious
views prevalent in the ancient Near East
as far as these views interacted with the
culture and faith of Biblical man.

30 PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION

A study into the broad insights of
psychology in relation to the phenomena
of religion and religious behavior. The
course concentrates on religious ex-
perience or manifestations rather then
concepts. Tentative solutions will be
sought to questions such as: What does it
feel like to be religious or to have a
religious experience? What is the religious
function in human development? How
does one think psychologically about
theological problems?

31 CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ETHICS

A study of Christian ethics as a normative
perspective for contemporary moral prob-
lems with emphasis upon the interaction
of law and religion, decision making in
the field of biomedical practice, and the
reconstruction of society in a planetary
civilization.

32 CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS IN
CHRISTIAN SOCIAL ETHICS

An examination of the approach of
religion and other disciplines to an issue
of current concern; current topics include
the theological significance of law, the
ethics of love, and the Holocaust. The
course may be repeated for credit.

33 ROMAN CATHOLIC THOUGHT
The development of Thomism, Neo-
Thomism, and Transcendental Thomism;
limited attention given to pastoral and ec-
clesiological issues in the post-conciliar
era after Vatican II.

37 BIBLICAL TOPICS

An in-depth study of Biblical topics
related to the Old and New Testaments.
Topics include prophecy, wisdom,
literature, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the
teachings of Jesus, Pauline theology,
Judaism and Christian origins, reaction
criticism — the way the Synoptic Gospels
and John give final form to their message.
Course will vary from year to year and
may be taken for credit a second time if
the topic is different from one previously
studied.

41 CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS

ISSUES

A study of the theological significance of
some contemporary intellectual
developments in western culture. The con-
tent of this course will vary from year to

year. Subjects studied in recent years in-
clude the theological significance of
Freud, Marx, and Nietzsche; Christianity
and existentialism; theology and depth
psychology, the religious dimension of
contemporary literature.

42 THE NATURE AND MISSION OF THE
CHURCH

A study of the nature of the Church as
"The People of God" with reference to
the Biblical, Protestant, Orthodox, and
Roman Catholic traditions.

43 THE EDUCATIONAL MINISTRY OF
THE CHURCH

A study of religious education as a func-
tion of the church with special attention
given to the nature and objectives of
Christian education, methods of teaching
religion, and the relations between faith
and learning.

46 BIBLE, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND
FAITH

A study of the role of archaeology in
reconstructing the world in which the
Biblical literature originated with special
attention given to archaeological results
that throw light on the clarification of the
Biblical text. Also, an introduction to
basic archaeological method and a study
in depth of several representative excava-
tions along with the artifacts and material
culture recovered from different historical
periods.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in religion usually work in local
churches under the supervision of the
pastor and a member of the faculty.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Current study areas are in the biblical
languages, New Testament theology,
comparative religions, and the ethics of
technology.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)
A recent project was on the theology of
hope with reference to the thought of
Ernst Bloch and Alfred North Whitehead.

SOCIOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY

Professor: McCrary

Associate Professors: Jo (Chairman),

Wilk

Assistant Professor: Strauser

A major consists of Sociology-
Anthropology 10, 14, 16, 44, 47, and

three other courses within the depart-
ment with the exception of 15, 23, 25,
and 40. Religion 46 may also be
counted toward the major.
Sociology-anthropology majors are
encouraged to participate in the in-
ternship program.

10 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

An introduction to the problems, con-
cepts, and methods in sociology today, in-
cluding analysis of stratification,
organization of groups and institutions,
social movements, and deviants in social
structure.

14 INTRODUCTION TO
ANTHROPOLOGY

An introduction to the subfields of an-
thropology; its subject matter,
methodology, and goals. Examination of
biological and cultural evolution, the
fossil evidence for human evolution, and
questions raised in relation to human
evolution. Other topics include race,
human nature, primate behavior, and
prehistoric cultural development.

15 INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

An introduction to the role of law en-
forcement, courts, and corrections in the
administration of justice; the historical
development of police, courts, and cor-
rections; jurisdiction and procedures of
courts; an introduction to the studies,
literature, and research in criminal
justice, careers in criminal justice.

16 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

An examination of cultural and social an-
thropology designed to familiarize the
student with the analytical approaches to
the diverse cultures of the world. The
relevancy of cultural anthropology for an
understanding of the human condition
will be stressed. Topics to be covered in-
clude the nature of primitive societies in
contrast to civilizations, the concept of
culture and cultural relativism, the in-
dividual and culture, the social patterning
of behavior and social control, an an-
thropological perspective on the culture
of the United States.

20 MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY

The history, structure, and functions of
modern American family life, emphasiz-
ing dating, courtship, factors in marital
adjustment, and the changing status of
family members. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

53

21 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

A multidisciplinary approach to the study
of the constellation of factors that relate
to juvenile delinquency causation, handl-
ing the juvenile delinquent in the criminal
justice system, treatment strategies,
prevention, and community responsibili-
ty. Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology
10 or consent of instructor.

22 PEOPLES AND CULTURES OF
MEXICO

Examination of the diverse cultures of
Mesoamerica from preconquest in-
digenous peoples to modern Mexican
state, including the rise and fall of Aztec
and Maya civilization, transformation
from primitive agriculturalist to peasant,
concepts of folk society, and culture of
poverty; an analysis of contemporary
problems of rural Mexico, and the role of
peasants in modern revolutionary
movements. Offered at least once every
three years.

23

24

25

26

INTRODUCTION TO LAW
ENFORCEMENT

Principles, theories, and doctrines of the
law of crimes, elements in crime, analysis
of criminal investigation, important case
law. Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropol-
ogy IS or consent of instructor.

RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES
The concept of community is treated as it
operates and affects individual and group
behavior in rural, suburban, and urban
settings. Emphasis is placed upon
characteristic institutions and problems of
modern city life. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION

This course is designed for advanced
criminal justice majors. Emphasis is plac-
ed on an in-depth study of detection and
investigation of major crimes. Particular
attention is placed on the use of
criminalistics, legal parameters of
evidence and interrogation, and pro-
secutory procedures. Prerequisite:
Sociology-Anthropology 23 or consent of
instructor. Will not be counted toward the
sociology/anthropology major.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
An analysis of the dynamics, structure,
and reactions to social movements with
focus on contemporary social
movements. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

27 SOCIALIZATION THROUGH THE
LIFE SPAN

Examination of the relationship between
the individual and society in the develop-
ment of behavior potentials of groups and
cultures. The course will study the con-
tinual process of learning how to be
"human," which occurs throughout the
life span. A cross-cultural approach is
utilized to examine the process of acquisi-
tion of skills, motives, and attitudes
necessary for role performance in
childhood and adolescence with an em-
phasis on young adulthood, adulthood,
middle age, and old age. Life span
developmental theory will be used in con-
junction with socialization theory and
role theory. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

28 AGING AND SOCIETY

Analysis of cross-cultural characteristics
of the aged as individuals and as members
of groups. Emphasis is placed upon
variables: health, housing, socio-
economic status, personal adjustment,
retirement, and social participation.
Sociological, social psychological, and
anthropological frames of reference
utilized in analysis and description of ag-
ing and its relationship to society, culture,
and personality.

29 20TH CENTURY CHINESE SOCIETY
An analysis of the interaction between the
individual and society undergoing rapid
social change in the Chinese cultural con-
text. Topics include Confucian examina-
tion system and social mobility, the tradi-
tional Chinese village and family, origins
of Chinese Marxism and how it has been
implemented in social institutions of The
People's Republic of China. Alternate
years.

30 CRIMINOLOGY

Analysis of the sociology of law, condi-
tions under which criminal laws develop,
etiology of crime, epidemiology of crime,
including explanation of statistical
distribution of criminal behavior in terms
of time, space, and social location. Prere-
quisite: Sociology-Anthropology 10 or
consent of instructor.

31 SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN

A sociological examination of the role of
women in American society through an
analysis of the social institutions which
affect their development. Role-analysis
theory will be applied to the past, present,
and future experience of women as it
relates to the role options of society as a
whole. Students will do an original
research project on the role of women.
Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10.
Alternate years.

32 INSTITUTIONS

Introduces the student to the sociological
concept of social institution, the types of
social institutions to be found in all
societies, and the interrelationships be-
tween the social institutions within a
society. The course is divided into two
basic parts: 1. That aspect which deals
with the systematic organization of socie-
ty in general, and 2. The concentration on
a particular social institution: economic,
political, educational, or social welfare.
Prerequisite: Sociology- Anthropology 10
or consent of instructor.

33 SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION

An examination of the major theories of
the relationship of religion to society and
a survey of sociological studies of
religious behavior. Prerequisite:
Sociology- Anthropology 10 or consent of
instructor.

34 RACIAL AND CULTURAL
MINORITIES

Study of racial, cultural, and national
groups within the framework of
American cultural values. An analysis will
include historical, cultural, and social fac-
tors underlying ethnic and racial conflict.
Field trips and individual reports are part
of the requirements for the course. Prere-
quisite: Sociology-Anthropology 10 or
consent of instructor.

35 CULTURE AND PERSONALITY
Introduction to psychological an-
thropology, its theories and
methodologies. Emphasis will be placed
on the relationship between individual
and culture, national character, cognition
and culture, culture and mental disorders,
and cross-cultural considerations of the
concept of self. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 16 or consent of instructor.
Offered at least once every three years.

36 THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF
PRIMITIVE RELIGIONS

The course will familiarize the student
with the wealth of anthropological data
on the religions and world views
developed by primitive peoples. The func-
tions of primitive religion in regard to the
individual, society, and various cultural
institutions will be examined. Subjects to
be surveyed include myth, witchcraft, vi-
sion quests, spirit possession, the cultural
use of dreams, and revitalization
movements. Particular emphasis will be
given to shamanism, transcultural
religious experience, and the creation of
cultural realities through religions. Both a

54

social scientific and existentialist perspec-
tive will be employed. Prerequisite:
Sociology-Anthropology 16 or consent of
instructor. A Iternate years.

37 THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF
AMERICAN INDIANS

An ethnographic survey of native North
American Indian and Eskimo cultures,
such as the Iroquois, Plains Indians,
Pueblos, Kwakiutl, and Netsilik. Changes
in native lifeways due to European con-
tacts and United States expansion will be
considered. Recent cultural developments
among American Indians will be placed in
an anthropological perspective. Offered
at least once every three years.

38 LEGAL AND POLITICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY

The course is designed to familiarize the
student with the techniques of conflict
resolution and the utilization of public
power in primitive society as well as the
various theories of primitive law and
government. The rise of the state and an
anthropological perspective on modern
law and government will be included. The
concepts of self-regulation and social con-
trol, legitimacy, coercion, and exploita-
tion will be the organizing focus. Prere-
quisite: Sociology- Anthropology 16 or
consent of instructor. Alternate years.

39 THE AMERICAN PRISON SYSTEM
Nature and history of punishment, evolu-
tion of the prison and prison methods
with emphasis on prison community,
prison architecture, institutional pro-
grams, inmate rights, and sentences.
Review of punishment vs. treatment,
detention facilities, jails, reformatories,
prison organization and administration,
custody, and discipline. Prerequisite:
Sociology- Anthropology 15.

40 PROBATION AND PAROLE

A course designed for the advanced
criminal justice major. While the course
concerns the study of probation and
parole as parts of the criminal justice
system and their impact on the system as a
whole, the primary emphasis is the impact
on the offender. Particular attention is
given to diagnostic report writing on of-
fenders, pre-sentence investigation, of-
fender classification, and parole plann-
ing. Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropol-
ogy 15 and 39. Alternate years.

41 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

An analysis of stratification systems with
specific reference to American society.
The course will include an analysis of
poverty, wealth, and power in the United
States. Particular attention will be given

to factors which generate and maintain in-
equality, along with the impacts of
inequality on the lives of Americans.
Prerequisite: Sociology-Anthropology 10
or consent of instructor.

42 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL WORK
Consideration of basic social-work con-
cepts, principles and techniques of inter-
viewing, individual case work, group
work and community organization,
development of skills, and techniques of
social work applied to the correctional
setting. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

43 ALTERNATIVE LIFE STYLES
Analysis of new life styles in American
society: life styles of minority groups and
others who are considered by society to be
nonconforming. Examination of the
challenges to conformity and ramifica-
tions of nonconformity in American
society. Will include an inquiry into
behavior which has historically been
labeled deviant, covering such topics as
mental illness, addiction to alcohol and
narcotics, homosexuality, and prostitu-
tion. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

44 SOCIAL THEORY

The history of the development of
sociological thought from its earliest
philosophical beginnings is treated
through discussions and reports. Em-
phasis is placed upon sociological thought
since the time of Comte. Prerequisite:
Sociology-Anthropology 10 or consent of
instructor.

45 ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY

The history of the development of an-
thropological thought from the 18th cen-
tury to the present. Emphasis is placed
upon anthropological thought since 1850.
Topics include evolutionism, historical-
particularism, cultural idealism, cultural
materialism, functionalism, struc-
turalism, and ethnoscence. Prerequisite:
Sociology-Anthropology 16 or consent of
instructor. Offered at least once every
three years.

46 PEOPLE AND CULTURES OF THE
AMERICAN SOUTHWEST

Field experience in the analysis of tri-
cultural communities of Northern New
Mexico, Southern Colorado, and North-
eastern Arizona, including the eastern
Pueblos of New Mexico, Zuni Navajo and
Apache reservations, isolated Spanish-
American mountain villages of Northern
New Mexico, religious ashrams and com-
munes, and cities of the Southwest and
Juarez, Mexico. Emphasis upon Taos,

Rio Arriba, Santa Fe, and Los Alamos
counties of New Mexico. Prerequisite:
Sociology 10 or consent of instructor.
May or summer only.

47 RESEARCH METHODS IN

SOCIOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY
Study of the research process in
sociology-anthropology. Attention is
given to the process of designing and ad-
ministering research and the application
of research. Different methodological
skills are considered, including field
work, questionnaire construction, and
other methods of data gathering and the
analysis of data. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 and Mathematics 13 or
consent of instructor.

48-49 PRACTICUM IN SOCIOLOGY

Introduces the student to a practical work
experience involving community agencies
in order to effect a synthesis of the stu-
dent's academic course work and its prac-
tical applications in a community agency.
Specifics of the course to be worked out in
conjunction with department, student,
and agency. Prerequisite: Sociology-
Anthropology 10 or consent of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in sociology-anthropology typical-
ly work off campus with social service
agencies under the supervision of ad-
ministrators. However, other internship
experiences, such as with the Lycoming
County Historical Museum, are available.
Interns in criminal justice work off cam-
pus in criminal justice agencies, such as
penal institutions and probation and
parole departments, under the supervision
of administrative personnel.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
An opportunity to pursue specific in-
terests and topics not usually covered in
regular courses. Through a program of
readings and tutorials, the student will
have the opportunity to pursue these in-
terests and topics in greater depth than is
usually possible in a regular course.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)

THEATRE

Professor: Falk (Chairman)
Assistant Professor: Carlson

The major consists of eight courses:
Theatre 10 and seven others; a con-
centration in acting, directing, or

55

design is possible. In addition to the
course requirements, majors are ex-
pected to participate actively in Arena
Theatre productions. Majors are
urged to include courses in art, music,
psychology, and English, or other
areas of special interest.

The fine arts distribution require-
ment may be satisfied by selecting any
two of the following recommended
courses: Theatre 10, 11, 14, 18, 32, 33
or other courses with the consent of
the instructor.

10 INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE
Designed as a comprehensive introduction
to the aesthetics of theatre. From the
spectator's point of view, the nature of
theatre will be explored, including
dramatic literature and the integrated
functioning of acting, directing, and all
production aspects.

1 1 INTRODUCTION TO FILM

A basic course in understanding the film
medium. The class will investigate film
technique through lectures and by viewing
regular weekly films chosen from classic,
contemporary, and experimental short
films.

14 INTRODUCTION TO ACTING

An introductory study of the actor's
preparation with emphasis on developing
the actor's creative imagination through
improvisations and scene study.

18 INTRODUCTION TO PLAY
PRODUCTION

Stagecraft and the various other aspects
of play production are introduced.
Through material presented in the course
and laboratory work on the Arena
Theatre stage, the student will acquire ex-
perience to produce theatrical scenery.

26 INTRODUCTION TO DIRECTING

An introductory study of the function of
the director in preparation, rehearsal, and
performance. Emphasis is placed on
developing the student's ability to analyze
scripts, and on the development of the
student's imagination. Prerequisite:
Theatre 14.

28'

INTRODUCTION TO SCENE DESIGN
AND STAGECRAFT
An introduction to the theatre with an
emphasis on stagecraft. Productions each
semester serve as the laboratory to pro-
vide the practical experience necessary to
understand the material presented in the
classroom. Prerequisite: Theatre 18 or
consent of instructor.

31 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES OF PLAY
PRODUCTION

A detailed consideration of the inter-
related problems and techniques of play
analysis, production styles, and design.
Offered summer only.

34 INTERMEDIATE STUDIO: ACTING
Instruction and practice in character
analysis and projection with emphasis on
vocal and body techniques. Prerequisite:
Theatre 14.

35 THEORIES OF THE MODERN
THEATRE

An advanced course exploring the
philosophical roots of the modern theatre
form the birth of realism to the present
and the influences on modern theatre
practice. Selected readings from
Nietzsche, Marx, Jung, Freud,
Whitehead, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Camus,
Antoine, Copeau, Stanislavski, Shaw,
Meyerhold, Artaud, Brecht, Brook,
Grotowski. Alternate years.

36 INTERMEDIATE STUDIO:
DIRECTING

Emphasis is placed on the student's ability
to function in preparation and rehearsal.
Practical experience involves the directing
of two one-act plays from the contem-
porary theatre. Prerequisite: Theatre 26.

37 PLAYWRITING AND DRAMATIC
CRITICISM

An investigation of the techniques of
playwriting with an emphasis on creative
writing, culminating in a written one-act
play, plus an historical survey of dramatic
criticism from Aristotle to the present
with emphasis upon developing the stu-
dent's ability to write reviews and
criticism of theatrical productions and
films. Alternate years.

38 INTERMEDIATE STUDIO:
LIGHTING DESIGN

The theory of stage and lighting design
with emphasis on their practical applica-
tion to the theatre. Prerequisite: Theatre
18 or consent of instructor.

40 MASTERS OF WORLD DRAMA

An intensive and detailed analysis of the
plays and related works, including
criticism of great authors, that have
shaped world theatre. Authors to be
selected on the basis of interest of
students and faculty. At times, more than
one author will be treated in a term.
Ibsen, Brecht, Moliere, Williams, Albee.
Alternate years. May be accepted toward
English major with consent of English
department.

42 ADVANCED STUDIO: COSTUME
DESIGN

The theory of costuming for the stage,
elements of design, planning, production,
and construction of costumes for the
theatre. Students will participate in the
design of a production. Prerequisite:
Theatre 18 or consent of instructor.

43 ADVANCED STUDIO: PROPERTIES
DESIGN

The theory of properties design for the
stage, including the production of specific
properties for staging use. Elements of
design, fabrication, and the construction
of properties employing a variety of
materials and the application of new
theatrical technology. Prerequisite:
Theatre 18 or consent of instructor.

44 ADVANCED STUDIO: ACTING
Preparation of monologues and two-
character scenes, contemporary and
classical. The student will appear in major
campus productions. Prerequisite:
Theatre 34.

46 ADVANCED STUDIO: DIRECTING
Emphasis will be placed on the student's
ability to produce a major three-act play
from the script to the stage for public per-
formance. Prerequisite: Theatre 36.

48 ADVANCED STUDIO: DESIGN

Independent work in conceptual and
practical design. The student will design
one full production as his major project.
Prerequisite: Theatre 28 or 38 and consent
of instructor.

70-79 INTERNSHIP (See Index)

Interns in theatre work off campus in
theatres such as the Guthrie Theatre, Min-
neapolis, and at the New Jersey
Shakespeare Festival.

80-89 INDEPENDENT STUDY (See Index)
Some recent independent studies have
been the roles of women as characters in
drama, scene design, and lighting design
for an Arena production.

90-99 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR
DEPARTMENTAL HONORS
(See Index)
A typical study could be the writing and
production of an original play.

56

Student Services

ADMINISTRATION

The program of student services at
Lycoming is administered by the Of-
fice of Student Services. It is designed
to respond to a diversity of student
needs. The six staff members, five of
whom live on campus, are assigned
the specific responsibilities of:

— career counseling and placement;
— residence life;

— student activities, student union,
student government, Intrafraterni-
ty Council and Panhellenic Ad-
viser, retention program;
— religious life, health services,
study skills program, reading im-
provement courses.
All members of the staff are
available to counsel and advise in-
dividual students.

PERSONAL COUNSELING

All members of the staff of the Office
of Student Services are qualified and
available to provide non-therapeutic
assistance to students with adjust-
ment problems. A psychiatrist serves
as a consultant to the staff and is
available for evaluation of individual
students who may be in need of pro-
fessional services. Continuing
therapy is available through referral
to public agencies and private clini-
cians in the Williamsport community.
Financial arrangements for these
referral services are made directly by
the student with the agency and/or
individual clinician involved.

HEALTH SERVICES

Normal medical treatment by the
health service staff at the College is
provided without cost to the student.
During the fall and spring semesters,
the College maintains an out-patient
service in Rich Hall. It is staffed with
a registered nurse five days a week
from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The College
physician is available from 1 1 a.m. to
12 noon, Monday through Friday. At
other times, emergency care is
available at the emergency rooms of
Williamsport and Divine Providence
Hospitals, located a short distance

from the campus. The College pays
the emergency room charge and the
emergency room physician's fee for
illness when the health service is clos-
ed.

Medical-service charges paid by the
student are: emergency room and
emergency room physician's charges
(except as indicated above), special
medications, X-rays, surgery, care
for major accidents, immunizations,
examinations for glasses, physician's
visits other than in the health service,
referrals for treatment by specialists,
special nursing services, and special
services.

Entering students must provide
basic health information to the Col-
lege between the time of admission
and the beginning of classes of the
term to which they are admitted. This
information is secured through par-
ticipation in the computerized health-
information service provided by
Medical Datamation, Inc. New
students complete the DASH Medical
Information Questionnaire that is
mailed to students shortly after they
have confirmed their admission to
Lycoming. The completed form is
sent by the student to Medical
Datamation together with a check for
$10. Both the student and the College
receive reports based on the question-
naire responses. The student report
consists of a Medical Database
Report, a Health Risk Index, and as
many health information brochures
as requested. Information provided
by the student is confidential and is
available only to qualified health ser-
vice and student-services personnel.

STUDY IMPROVEMENT
SERVICES

Skills Seminars — The seminars,
consisting of three one-hour sessions
on scheduling of time, test-taking,
and study methods, are scheduled on
demand for six to 10 students.

Reading Course — Designed to im-
prove reading speed and comprehen-
sion, this three-week course is offered
at various times during the academic
year for a fee of $15.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT
SERVICES

The Career Development Center pro-
vides services which are designed to
help students identify their abilities
and interest, set realistic career goals,
and plan academic programs to meet
these goals. Counseling for Lycoming
students begins in the freshman year.
In addition to individual guidance,
the center maintains a library on
specific careers, employment
outlooks, and career trends. Services
offered by the center include:

— individual counseling;

— career-planning seminars in
values clarification, skill
assessment, and decision mak-
ing;

— 2500-volume career library;

— relaxation workshops and
assertiveness training;

— SHARE (Students Having A
Real Experience), a program
in which students observe and
work with a professional in the
field;

— placement services to aid
seniors in implementing their
career plans;

— assistance to students in secur-
ing internships, summer
employment, and part-time
employment;

— speaker's program which
brings professionals from a
variety of careers to campus
seminars;

— video-cassette programs
relating to job skills and career
information;

— microfiche copies of graduate-
and professional-school
catalogs for the United States
and abroad.

RESIDENCE AND RESIDENCE
HALLS

Students who are single and do not
live at home are required to live in
residence halls and eat in the dining
room. All new resident students are
forwarded a room-agreement form to

57

sign after confirmation of their ad-
mission to Lycoming. This agreement
is renewed each spring. Exceptions to
the residence policy may be granted
to those students who wish to live
with relatives, and students who are
23 years of age or older and have
established non-resident status. Re-
quests for such exemptions must be
submitted to the Assistant Dean of
Student Services for Residence Life
before the first day of the term to
which the student has been admitted.

Resident students assume respon-
sibility for their rooms and fur-
nishings. The College reserves the
right to enter and inspect any room
for reasons of damage, health, or
safety, and to search any room when
there is reason to believe a violation
of College rules or the law is occurr-
ing or has occurred. Charges are
assessed for damage to rooms, doors,
furniture, and common areas.
Wherever possible, damage to dor-
mitory property will be charged to the
person or persons directly responsi-
ble. Damage and breakage occurring
in a room will be the responsibility of
students occupying the room. Hall
and bathroom damages will be the
responsibility of all students of the
section where damage occurs. Actual
costs of repairs will be charged.

Residence halls are not available
for occupancy during the vacation
periods. Quiet hours for study pur-
poses, which are established by
residence hall councils or the Office
of Student Services, are published in
the student handbook and posted on
bulletin boards.

Room visitation by members of the
opposite sex is permitted in the halls
under conditions established by the
College in cooperation with the
various residence hall councils, which
share responsibility for developing
and monitoring regulations, and
which are organized each fall
semester before visitation schedules
are established.

STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

Lycoming students are expected to
accept responsibilities required of
adults. The rights of every member of
the College community are protected
by established regulations. Although
the acceptance of the College's stan-
dards of behavior is an individual
responsibility, it also calls for group
responsibility. Students should in-
fluence their peers to conduct
themselves responsibly for the collec-
tive good.

Students who are unable to
demonstrate that they have accepted
these responsibilities or who fail to
abide by established policies may be
dismissed at any time or denied read-
mission for a subsequent term or
semester. Further, after the conclu-
sion of any term or semester, the Col-
lege may deny a student the privilege
of attending any subsequent term or
semester when the administration
deems this to be in the best interest of
the College.

Lycoming College does not ap-
prove of the use or misuse of
alcoholic beverages and encourages
students to abstain from their use and
to abide by the legal restrictions on
alcohol use established by the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania. Obser-
vance of the law is the individual
responsibility of each student, and
failure to obey the law may subject
the student to prosecution by civil
authorities, either on or off campus.

Students also are expected to be
aware of the College's attitude
toward the use and misuse of alcohol
and to acknowledge the College's
right to its position. The College will
not tolerate any public use of alcohol.
Officials of the College will prescribe
penalties for the public or private
misuse of alcohol. These penalties
will be applied in a consistent man-
ner.

Lycoming recognizes its respon-
sibility, however, for providing

students with reliable information
about the social and medical implica-
tions of the use of alcohol. Lycoming
makes every effort to create and
maintain a community in which in-
dividual choice is coupled with
responsible behavior and respect for
the rights of others.

Upon enrolling, students are given
a handbook which contains the Col-
lege's official policies, rules, and
regulations. These policies, rules, and
regulations are part of the contractual
agreement students enter into when
they register at Lycoming.

58

Admission to Lycoming

POLICY AND STANDARDS

Lycoming College welcomes applica-
tions from prospective students
regardless of age, sex, race, religion,
financial resources, color, national or
ethnic origin, or handicap. Admis-
sion is based on the following stan-
dards:

— graduation from an accredited
secondary school;

— completion of a college
preparatory program that in-
cludes English and
mathematics plus units in
foreign language, natural
science and social science;

— satisfactory College Entrance
Examination Board Scholastic
Aptitude Test (SAT) or
American College Test (ACT)
scores.

A secondary-school student of ex-
ceptional maturity and with signifi-
cant academic preparation may apply
to Lycoming as a candidate for early
admission. If admitted, the student
enters the College after completing
the junior year in school. Students
who are not enrolled in a degree pro-
gram and who wish to enroll in one or
more courses in any semester are
welcome to apply.

Lycoming is fully approved for the
educational program for veterans.

APPLICATION AND SELECTION
PROCESS

For students considering a fall
semester admission, applications
should be filed by April 1. The ap-
plication should be accompanied by a
$20 application fee, an official secon-
dard school transcript forwarded by
the school guidance office, and the
results of either the Scholastic Ap-
titude Test (SAT) or the American
College Test (ACT). Applications are
considered after April 1 on a space-
available basis.

The completed application is
evaulated individually by identifying
each applicant's academic achieve-

ment, talents, qualities, and interests.
Lycoming notifies applicants of their
acceptance as soon as possible after
all credentials have been received and
evaluated. In some instances, addi-
tional information may be needed to
complete the evaluation. The review
process normally begins after
January 1.

Admitted applicants must notify
the College of their intent to enroll by
May 1, the national candidates' reply
date. This notification must be ac-
companied by a $100 advance deposit
which is applied to the first-term tui-
tion. After May 1, the $100 deposit is
not refundable.

ADVANCED STANDING BY
TRANSFER

The College welcomes transfer
students from other accredited col-
leges and universities according to the
following standards and procedures:

— applicant must be in good
academic standing, and pre-
sent a minimum transfer grade
point average of 2.0;

— all courses comparable to
those offered in the cur-
riculum at Lycoming will be
accepted for transfer;

— the grades earned in all
transferable courses are in-
cluded in the computation of
the transfer grade point
average;

— academic standing at Lycom-
ing will be based on an evalua-
tion of all courses attempted at
all other institutions;

— the final eight courses for a
degree must be taken at
Lycoming.

— official copies of transcripts
from all institutions attended
must be submitted as a part of
the admission application.

ADMISSIONS OFFICE
LOCATION AND HOURS

Prospective students and their
families are encouraged to visit the
campus for a student-conducted tour
and an interview with an admissions
officer, who will provide additional
information about the College and
answer any questions.

The Admissions Office is located
on the first floor of Long Hall. For
an appointment, telephone (717)
326-1951, or write Office of Admis-
sions, Lycoming College,
Williamsport, PA 17701. Office
hours are:

Weekdays— September through April
9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
— May through August
9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Saturdays — September through April
9 a.m. to 12 noon
— May through August
No Saturday hours.

59

Expenses and Financial Aid

EXPENSES FOR
THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1982-83

The following expenses are effective
for the regular fall and spring
semesters. The College reserves the
right to adjust fees at any time. The
fees for each semester are payable not
later than the second day of classes
for the semester.

Fees

Comprehensive

Fee

Board and

Room Rent

Total

Per

Semester

$2,490

1,100
$3,590

Per
Year

$4,980

2,200
$7,180

One-Time Student Fees

Application Fee

Admissions Deposit

Contingency Deposit

.$ 20
. 100

. 75

Part-Time Student Fees

Application Fee $ 20

Each Unit Course 625

Additional Charges

Applied Music Fee (half-hour

per week per semester 95

Cap and Gown Rental prevailing cost

Laboratory Fee per Unit Course 5 to 50

Reregistration Fee 25

Parking Permit

(for the academic year) 10 to 15

Parking Permit with Reserved

Space (for the academic year) 15 to 35

Practice Teaching Fee

(Payable in Junior Year) 150

R.O.T.C. Basic Course Deposit

(Payable at Bucknell University 60

R.O.T.C. Advanced Course Deposit

(Payable at Bucknell University) 60

Transcript Fee

(No charge to full-time students 3

Medical Questionnaire Fee

(Payable to Medical Datamation,

Inc.) 10

The comprehensive fee covers the
regular course load of three to four
courses each semester. Resident
students must board at the College
unless, for extraordinary reasons,
authorization is extended for other
eating arrangements. If a double
room is used as a single room, there is
an additional charge of $200 per
semester. The estimated cost for

books and supplies is up to $200 per
year, depending on the course of
study. Special session (May term and
summer term) charges for tuition,
room, and board are established dur-
ing the fall semester.

ENTRY FEES AND DEPOSITS

Application Fee— All students for
admission must submit a $20 applica-
tion fee. This charge defrays the cost
of processing the application and is
nonrefundable.

Admissions Deposit — After
students have been notified of their
admission to Lycoming, they are re-
quired to make a $100 admissions
deposit to confirm their intention to
matriculate. The deposit is applied to
the general charges for the first
semester of attendance. After May 1,
the deposit is nonrefundable.

Contingency Deposit— A con-
tingency deposit of $75 is required of
all full-time students as a guarantee
for payment of damage to or loss of
College property, for library and
parking fines, or similar penalties im-
posed by the College. The deposit is
collected along with other charges for
the initial semester. The balance of
this deposit is refunded after all debts
to the College have been paid, either
upon graduation or upon written re-
quest submitted to the Registrar two
weeks prior to voluntary permanent
termination of enrollment at Lycom-
ing College.

PARTIAL PAYMENTS

For the convenience of those who
find it impossible to follow the
regular schedule of payments, ar-
rangements may be made with the
College Business Manager for the
monthly payment of College fees
through various educational plans.
Additional information concerning
partial payments may be obtained
from the Business Manager or Direc-
tor of Admissions.

REFUNDS FOR STUDENTS
WHO WITHDRAW

Refunds of tuition and board are
made to students who voluntarily and
officially withdraw from the College
while in good standing according to
the following schedule for the fall and
spring semesters and the comparable
period for the May and summer
terms:

Period of
Withdrawal

During the first

week of the

semester
During second

and third week
During the

fourth and

fifth week
During the sixth

and seventh

week
After seven

weeks

Refund

%

80
60

40

20
0

Charge

%

20
40

60

80
100

60

The date on which the Dean of the
College approves the student's
withdrawal form is considered the of-
ficial date of withdrawal. Charges are
levied for services provided after
withdrawal.

Lycoming scholarships and grants
are applied during the fall and spring
semesters on the same basis as tuition
charges. If a withdrawing student is
charged 60% tuition, he/she will
receive 60% of the scholarship or
grant. Government financial aid is
adjusted according to federal and
state guidelines.

Room charges, which are establish-
ed on a semester basis, and special
charges, such as laboratory fees, are
not refundable if a student leaves the
College prior to the end of the
semester.

Full-time students who after reduc-
ing their loads continue to be enrolled
for 12 or more semester hours are not
eligible for a refund of tuition for an
individual course. Similarly, students
who register for extra hours in excess
of 16 hours per semester and who
later reduce their loads are not elibi-
ble after the fifth day of the semester

for a refund of the fee charged for
overloads. Charges will be
recalculated for students who enroll
full time and subsequently assume
part-time status by reducing their
loads below 12 hours during the drop-
add period. The assumption of part-
time status normally involves a
substantial reduction of financial aid
since most financial aid programs do
not extend eligibility to part-time
students.

NON-PAYMENT OF FEES
PENALTY

Students will not be registered for
courses in a new semester if their ac-
counts for previous attendance have
not been settled. Diplomas,
transcripts, and certifications of
withdrawals in good standing are
issued only when a satisfactory settle-
ment of all financial obligations has
been made in the Business Office.

FINANCIAL AID POLICY
AND PROCEDURES

The dominant factor in determining
the amount of financial aid awarded
to individual students is the establish-
ment of need. Scholarships may be
awarded on the basis of financial
need and academic ability, while
grants are provided on the basis of
financial need. Long-term, low-cost
educational loans are available from
federal and state sources to most
students who can demonstrate need.
Part-time employment is available to
students.

To apply for financial assistance,
obtain Lycoming's Financial Aid Ap-
plication (FAA) from the Office of
Financial Aid and the CSS Financial
Aid Form (FAF) from the secondary-
school guidance office or Lycoming's
Office of Financial Aid. Submit the
FAA to Lycoming and the completed
FAF to the College Scholarship Ser-
vice, P.O. Box 2700, Princeton, NJ
08541, as early as possible after
January 1. Renewal applications are
required annually.

Scholarships — Freshman Recogni-
tion Scholarships of $700 to $1,000
each are awarded to applicants who
have superior academic qualifications
but do not demonstrate financial
need. These scholarships are
renewable each year if the student
maintains a minimum 3.25
cumulative grade point average.
Other scholarships, ranging from
$400 to full tuition, are awarded to
freshman who rank in the top fifth of
their secondary-school class and have
a combined score of more than 1100
on the College Entrance Examination
Board Scholastic Aptitude Test
(SAT). These scholarships are
renewable each year if the student
maintains a minimum 3.00
cumulative grade point average.

Grants-In-Aid — Lycoming has
established an extensive program of
grants-in-aid for worthy students who
do not qualify for scholarships.
Awards are based on demonstrated
need and the prospect of the student
contributing positively to the College
community. Renewal requires con-
tinued financial need, maintenance of
satisfactory academic and citizenship
standards, and participation in Col-
lege activities.

Ministerial Grants-In-Aid —
Children of ministers of the Central
Pennsylvania Conference of The
United Methodist Church receive
grants equal to one-third of the
charges for tuition, while children of
ministers of other Conferences of The
United Methodist Church and of
other denominations receive grants
equal to one-fourth of the charges for
tuition. Students who will be entering
the ministry may apply for a
preministerial student grant equal to
one-fourth tuition. Applicants must
complete and submit the Financial
Aid Form (FAF), and pre-ministerial
students must also submit the Ap-
plication for Pre-Ministerial Grant. If
an applicant demonstrates more need
for financial assistance than a
ministerial grant-in-aid provides, ad-
ditional types of aid will be con-
sidered. These grants-in-aid are part

of a total financial assistance award
to meet demonstrated need and are
not given in addition to awards
designed to meet established needs.

Pell Grant formerly Federal Basic
Educational Opportunity Grant
(BEOG)— These grants, established
through the Educational Amend-
ments of 1976, provide up to $1,600
per year for full-time students who
can demonstrate financial need. Ap-
plication can be made when submit-
ting the Financial Aid Form (FAF),
the PHEAA State Grant Application,
or by separate federal application on
forms which are available in
secondary-school guidance offices
and the Office of Student Financial
Aid at Lycoming. All students are
urged to apply for this program.

Supplemental Educational Oppor-
tunity Grants (SEOG)— This federal
government program provides addi-
tional assistance to those students
with financial need. Awards can be
made in amounts ranging from $200
to $2,000 and are usually based en-
tirely on exceptional financial need.
Renewal is possible if the applicant
has no reduction in financial need in
succeeding years.

National Direct Student Loan
(NDSL) — This federal five percent in-
terest loan permits a total of $6,000 to
be borrowed by the undergraduate
student at a rate not to exceed $3,000
the first two years. Repayment does
not begin until after graduation or
withdrawal from college. Loans are
normally renewed annually if the ap-
plicant files a renewal application by
May 1 and continues to demonstrate
financial need.

Federal College Work-Study
Grants (CWSP)— An opportunity is
provided through this program for
students to earn part of their college
expenses and to gain some practical
experience by working on campus.
Federal government financial-need
guidelines must be met to be eligible
for this program. Students who do
not meet these guidelines should con-
sult with the Career Development
Center or Office of Student Financial

61

Aid for other employment oppor-
tunities.

Other Sources of Financial
Assistance —

State Grants. All applicants for
financial aid are urged to investigate
programs sponsored by their home
states and to learn about and heed ap-
plication deadlines. Pennsylvania ap-
plicants should apply for state aid
during their senior year in high
school, usually before April 30. For
additional information, applicants
should contact their secondary-school
guidance counselor or write: Penn-
sylvania Higher Education Assistance
Agency (PHEAA), Towne House,
Harrisburg, PA 17102. New Jersey
applicants should use the New Jersey
version of the CSS Financial Aid
Form to apply for their state Tuition
Aid Grant.

State Guaranteed Loans. Most
states, including Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and New York, provide state-
guaranteed loans through local banks

and lending institutions. This pro-
gram provides 7-9 percent interest
loans of up to $2,500 per year for
educational expenses with repayment
extended over a long-term schedule.
Applicants should consult local banks
early in their senior year.

PLUS Loans. PLUS Loans are
meant to provide additional funds for
educational expenses. The interest
rate is 14 percent. Parents of depen-
dent undergraduate students may
borrow up to $3,000 per year. In-
dependent undergraduates may bor-
row up to $2,500 per year; however,
the PLUS loan, combined with any
GSL the undergraduate may have for
that level, cannot exceed $2,500. Ap-
plications and information are
available from your bank or other
lending institution.

Community Scholarships. In many
communities, foundations and
organizations, and in some cases high
schools, provide funds for worthy
students. Applicants should consult
with their guidance counselor or prin-
cipal.

Education Financing Plans. The
Business Office at Lycoming provides
information about plans which
enable parents to pay college expenses
on a monthly basis through selected
companies.

Reserve Officers Training Corps
(ROTC) Scholarships. Students who
participate in Army ROTC are eligi-
ble for three, two, and one-year
ROTC scholarships to finance tui-
tion, books, laboratory fees, and
other charges with the exception of
room and board. ROTC-scholarship
students also receive $100 per month
during the academic year.

Reserve Officers Training Corps
(ROTC) Stipends. Students who par-
ticipate in the Army ROTC program
receive $100 per academic month of
their junior and senior years. They
also receive half of a second lieu-
tenant's pay plus travel expenses for a
six-week advanced summer camp be-
tween junior and senior years.

62

Academic Calendar: 1982-83

Fall semester

Bills are due August 26

Orientation of new faculty August 27

Residence halls open August 29

Faculty available for advising August 30

Classes begin first period August 31

Processing of drop/add begins August 31

Re-registration fee of $25 applies after this date September 6

Last day for drop/add September 6

Last day to elect audit and satisfactory/unsatisfactory grades September 6

Last day for submission of final grades for courses for which Incomplete grades were

recorded in spring. May, and summer terms October 12

Mid-semester deficiency reports for freshmen due in Registrar's Office at noon October 18

Last day for submission of final grades for courses for which Incomplete grades

were recorded in fall semester

Preregistration for students who have completed at least one semester November 8-10

Preregistration for sophomores through seniors

Preregistration for freshmen November 13

Last day to withdraw from courses with W, WP, WF grades November 23

Residence halls close at 10a.m. for Thanksgiving recess November 24

Residence halls open at noon after Thanksgiving recess November 28

Classes resume first period after Thanksgiving November 29

Residence halls close at 9 p.m. for spring recess

Residence halls open at noon after spring recess

Classes resume first period after spring recess

Semester ends at 5 p.m December 17

Residence halls close at 9 p. m December 17

May term

Residence halls open May 8

Classes begin May 9

Last day for drop/add May 10

Last day to elect audit and satisfactory/unsatisfactory grades May 10

Last day to withdraw from courses with W, WP, WF grades May 27

Terms ends June 3

Residence halls close at 4 p.m June 3

Spring semester

January 6

January 9

January 10
January 10
January 14
January 14
January 14

February 28
February 18

April 4-6
April 9
April 8

March 4
March 13
March 14
April 29
April 29

Summer term

June 19
June 20
June 22
June 22
July 15
July 29
July 29

Special dates to remember:

Freshman convocation August 31

All-College picnic September 4

Labor Day (classes in session) September 6

Homecoming Weekend October 1-3

Parents Weekend October 15-17

Long weekend (classes suspended) October 29

Thanksgiving recess November 23-28

Spring recess March 4-13

Good Friday (afternoon classes suspended) April 1

Honors Day April 12

Baccalaureate May 8

Commencement May 8

Memorial Day (no classes) May 30

Independence Day (no classes) July 4

63

Directory

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Officers

W. Gibbs McKenney, LL.D Chairman

Nathan W. Stuart, J.D Vice Chairman

Paul G. Gilmore Secretary

William L. Baker Treasurer

Fred A. Pennington, LL.D Chairman Emeritus

Honorary Trustees
Bishop Hermann W. Kaebnick,

D.D., L.H.D., LL.D Hershey

Ralph E. Kelchner Jersey Shore

Arnold A. Phipps, II Williamsport

Mrs. Donald G. Remley Williamsport

George L. Stearns, II Williamsport

Trustees
Term expires 1983
Elected

1980 Richard W.DeWald Montoursville

1974 Daniel G. Fultz Pittsford, NY

1980 David M. Heiney, Ed. D Hughesville

(Alumni Representative)

1965 James G. Law, D. Text. Sci Bloomsburg

1970 John E. Person, Jr Williamsport

1972 Donald E. Shearer, M.D Montoursville

1961 Nathan W. Stuart, J.D Williamsport

1971 Willis W. Willard, III, M.D Hershey

1954 W. Russell Zacharias Allentown

Term expires 1984
Elected

1981 John B. Ernst Doylestown

(Alumni Representative)
1969 Samuel H. Evert Bloomsburg

1972 The Rev. Brian A. Fetterman Harrisburg

1978 Harold D. Hershberger, Jr Williamsport

1969 Kenneth E. Himes Williamsport

1978 JohnC. Lundy Williamsport

1981 William Pickelner Williamsport

1978 John Y. Schreyer Little Falls, NJ

1978 M. L. Sharrah, Ph.D New Canaan, CT

1972 Harold H. Shreckengast, Jr Jenkintown

Term expires 1985
Elected

1979 David Y. Brouse Williamsport

1951 PaulG. Gilmore Williamsport

1982 Mrs. Margaret D. L'Heureux Williamsport

1973 Robert G. Little, M.D Harrisburg

1979 David J. Loomis, Ph.D Troy

(Alumni Representative)
1964 W. Gibbs McKenney, LL.D Baltimore, MD

64~

1973 G. Jackson Miller Altoona

1958 Fred A. Pennington, LL.D Mechanicsburg

1982 Mrs. Marguerite G. Rich Woolrich

1961 The Rev. Wallace F. Stealer, HH.D Kingston

1982 The Rev. Stratford C. Taylor Montoursville

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

FREDERICK E. BLUMER (1976)

President

B.A., Millsaps College; B.D., Ph.D., Emory

University
SHIRLEY A. VAN MARTER (1979)

Dean of the College

B.A., Mundelein College; M.A., Northwestern

University; M.A., Ph.D., University of Chicago
WILLIAM L. BAKER (1965)

Treasurer

B.S., Lycoming College
JACK C. BUCKLE (1957)

Dean of Student Services

A.B., Juniata College; M.S., Syracuse University
PAUL C. HASSENPLUG (1981)

Director of Institutional Planning and Development

B.S., Rochester Institute of Technology
MARSHALL RAUCCI, JR. (1982)

Director of Admissions

B.A., Marist College; M.S. Ed., SUNY College at

Buffalo
CHRISTINE D. BARTH (1982)

Admissions Counselor

B.A., Lycoming College
BETTY S. BECK (1965)

Bookstore Manager
DALE V. BOWER (1968)

Director of Alumni Affairs

B.S., Lycoming College; B.D., United Theological

Seminary
GEORGE W. BRELSFORD (1982)

Residence Area Coordinator

B.S., Davis & Elkins College
CLARENCE W. BURCH (1962)

Director of Athletics

B.S., M.Ed., Universitv of Pittsburgh
LOUISE A. CALIGIURi (1978)

Associate Dean of Student Services

B.S., M.S., Duquesne University
JOANNE B. DAY (1981)

Assistant Dean of Student Services

B.A., M.Ed., Western Maryland College
ROBERT L. EDDINGER (1967)

Director of Buildings & Grounds

JERRY L. EISCHEID (1981)

A.B., Lycoming College; M.A., The Pennsylvania

Campus Minister

State University

B.S., Mansfield State College; M.Div., United

Theological Seminary at Dayton

FRED L. GROGAN (1977)

Assistant Dean of the College

A.B., Bates College; M.A., Arizona State University;

FACULTY

Ph.D., University of Missouri

THOMAS J. HENNINGER (1966)

EMERITI

Director of Computer Services

B.S., Wake Forest College; M.A., University of

MABEL K. BAUER

Kansas

Professor Emeritus of Chemistry

MARY E. HERRING (1978)

B.S., Cornell University; M.S., University of

Assistant Director of Admissions

Pennsylvania

B.A., Albright College

LEROY F. DERR

RICHARD A. HUGHES (1970)

Professor Emeritus of Education

Chaplain of the College

A.B., Ursinus College; M.A., Bucknell University;

B.A., Indiana Central College; S.T.B., Ph.D., Boston

Ed.D., University of Pittsburgh

University

ROBERT H. EWING

BRUCE M. HURLBERT (1982)

Professor Emeritus of History

Director of Library Services

A.B., College of Wooster; M.A., University of

B.A., The Citadel; M.S.L.S., Florida State University

Michigan; HH.D., Lycoming College

HAROLD H. HUTSON (1969)

JOHN P. GRAHAM

President Emeritus

Professor Emeritus of English

B.A., L.L.D., Wofford College; B.D., Duke University

Ph.B., Dickinson College; M.Ed., The Pennsylvania

Ph.D., University of Chicago; L.H.D., Ohio Wesleyan

State University

University

HAROLD W. HAYDEN

DOUGLAS J. KEIPER (1970)

Librarian Emeritus and Professor Emeritus of Library

Assistant Director of Admissions

Services

A.B., Lycoming College; M.Ed., The Pennsylvania

A.B., Nebraska State Teachers College; B.S.,

State University

University of Illinois; M.A. in L.S., University of

BETTY J. PARIS (1963)

Michigan

Registrar

GEORGE W. HOWE

A.B., Lycoming College

Professor Emeritus of Geology

JULIANN T. PAWLAK (1979)

A.B., M.S., Syracuse University; Ph.D., Cornell

Director of Financial Aid

University

B.A., Lycoming College; M.A., Bucknell University

M. RAYMOND JAMISON

MARLENE D. PETTER (1982)

Assistant Professor Emeritus of Physics

Assistant Director of Public Relations

B.S., Ursinus College; M.S., Bucknell University

B.A., The Pennsylvania State University

WALTER G. McIVER

JEFFREY L. RICHARDS (1982)

Professor Emeritus of Music

Controller and Assistant Treasurer

Mus.B., Westminster Choir College; A.B., Bucknell

B.A., Lycoming College

University; M.A., New York University

WILLIAM H. RUPP (1979)

LORING B. PRIEST

Director of Public Relations

Professor Emeritus of History

B.A., M.A., The Pennsylvania State University

Litt.B., Rutgers University; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard

GORDON S. STEARNS (1982)

University

Residence Area Coordinator

DONALD G. REMLEY

B.A., Bowdoin College

Assistant Professor Emeritus of Mathematics and

THOMAS P. WOZNIAK (1979)

Physics

Associate Dean of Student Services

A.B., Dickinson College; M.A., Columbia University

B.A., Merrimack College; M.Ed., Worcester State

MARY LANDON RUSSELL

College

Associate Professor Emeritus of Music

RALPH E. ZEIGLER, JR. (1980)

Mus.B., Susquehanna University Conservatory of

Assistant Director of Admissions

Music; M.A., The Pennsylvania State University

65

LOUISE R. SCHAEFFER

JACK S. McCRARY (1969)

Associate Professor Emeritus of Education

Sociology

A.B., Lycoming College; M.A., Bucknell University;

B.A., M.A., Southern Methodist University; Ph.D.,

D.Ed., The Pennsvlvania State University

Washington University

JAMES W. SHEAFFER

ROGER W. OPDAHL (1963)

Associate Professor Emeritus of Music

Economics

B.S., Indiana University of Pennsylvania; M.S.,

A.B., Hofstra University; M.A., Columbia University;

University of Pennsylvania

D.Ed., The Pennsvlvania State University

FRANCES K. SKEATH

ROBERT W. RABOLD (1955)

Professor Emeritus of Mathematics

Economics

A.B., M.A., Bucknell University; D.Ed., The

B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.A.,

Pennsvlvania State University

Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh

JOHN A. STUART

JOHN A. RADSPINNER (1957)

Professor Emeritus of English

Chemistry

B.A., William Jewell College; M.A., Ph.D.,

B.S., University of Richmond; M.S., Virginia

Northwestern University

Polytechnic Institute; D.Sc, Carnegie-Mellon

HELEN B. WEIDMAN

University

Professor Emeritus of Political Science

LOGAN A. RICHMOND (1954)

A.B., M.A., Bucknell University; Ph.D., Syracuse

Accounting

University

B.S., Lycoming College; M.B.A., New York

University; C.P.A. (Pennsvlvania)

JANET A.RODGERS (1981)

PROFESSORS

Nursing

B.S. Wagner College; M.A., Ph.D., New York

MALTHON M. ANAPOL (1981)

University

Mass Communication

SHIRLEY A. VAN MARTER (1979)

B.S., Rutgers University; M.A., Temple University;

Dean of the College English

Ph.D., The Ohio State University

B.A., Mundelein College; M.A., Northwestern

ROBERT F. FALK (1970)

University; M.A., Ph.D., University of Chicago

Theatre Marshal of the College

B.A., B.D., Drew University; M.A., Ph.D., Wayne

State University

MORTON A. FINEMAN (1966)

Physics

ASSOCIA TE PROFESSORS

A.B., Indiana University; Ph.D., University of

Pittsburgh

ROBERT B. ANGSTADT (1967)

ERNEST D. GIGLIO (1972)

Biology

Political Science

B.S., Ursinus College; M.S., Ph.D., Cornell

B.A., Queens College; M.A., SUNY at Albany;

University

Ph.D., Syracuse University

HOWARD C. BERTHOLD, JR. (1976)

EDUARDO GUERRA (1960)

Psychology

Religion

B.A., Franklin and Marshall College; M.A.,

B.D., Southern Methodist University; S.T.M., Ph.D.,

University of Iowa; Ph.D., The University of

Union Theological Seminary

Massachusetts

JOHN G. HANCOCK (1967)'

CLARENCE W. BURCH (1962)

Psychology

Physical Education

B.S., M.S., Bucknell University; Ph.D., The

B.S., M.Ed., University of Pittsburgh

Pennsvlvania State University

JACK S. DIEHL, JR. (1971)

JOHN G. HOLLENBACK (1952)

Biology

Business Administration

B.S., M.A., Sam Houston State College; M.S., Ph.D.,

B.S., M.B.A., University of Pennsylvania

University of Connecticut

JAMES K. HUMMER (1962)

BERNARD P. FLAM (1963)

Chemistry

Spanish

B.N.S., Tufts University; M.S., Middlebury College;

A.B., New York University; M.A., Harvard

Ph.D., University of North Carolina

University; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin

66

WILLIAM D. FORD (1972)

English

B.A., Occidental College; M.A., M.F.A., Ph.D.,

University of Iowa
DAVID A. FRANZ (1970)

Chemistry

A.B., Princeton University; M. A. T, The Johns

Hopkins University; Ph.D., University of Virginia
CHARLES L. GETCHELL (1967)

Mathematics

B.S., University of Massachusetts; M.A., Ph.D.,

Harvard University
STEPHEN R. GRIFFITH (1970)

Philosophy

A.B., Cornell University; M.A., Ph.D., University of

Pittsburgh
DAVID K. HALEY (1980)

Mathematics

B.A., Acadia University; M.S., Ph.D., Queen's

University
JOHN R. HUBBARD (1975) *

Mathematics

A.B., University of Rochester; A.M., Ph.D.,

University of Michigan
RICHARD A. HUGHES (1970)

Religion

B.A., Indiana Central College; S.T.B., Ph.D., Boston

University
BRUCE M. HURLBERT (1982)

Library Services

B.A., The Citadel; M.S.L.S., Florida State University
EMILY R. JENSEN (1969)

English

B.A., Jamestown College; M.A., University of

Denver; Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University
MOON H. JO (1975) **

Sociology

B.A., Valparaiso University; M.A., Howard

University; Ph.D., New York University
FORREST E. KEESBURY (1970)

Education

B.S., Defiance College; M.A., Bowling Green State

University; Ed.D., Lehigh University
ROBERT H. LARSON (1969)

History

B.A., The Citadel; M.A., Ph.D., University of

Virginia
PAUL A. MacKENZIE (1970)

German

A.B., A.M.. Ph.D., Boston University
GERTRUDE B. MADDEN (1958)

English

A.B., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Bucknell

University

ROBERT J. B. MAPLES (1969)

French

A.B., University of Rochester; Ph.D., Yale University
JOHN F. PIPER, JR. (1969)

History

A.B., Lafayette College; B.D., Yale University;

Ph.D., Duke University
DAVID J. RIFE (1970)

English

B.A., University of Florida; M. A., Ph.D., Southern

Illinois University
MICHAEL G. ROSKIN (1972)

Political Science

A.B., University of California at Berkeley; M.A.,

University of California at Los Angeles; Ph.D., The

American University
ROGER D. SHIPLEY (1967)

Art

B.A., Otterbein College; M.F.A., Cranbrook

Academv of Art
JOHN M.WHELAN, JR. (1971)

Philosophy

B.A., University of Notre Dame; Ph.D.,

The University of Texas at Austin
STANLEY T. WILK (1973)

Anthropology

B.A., Hunter College; Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
ROBERT A. ZACCARIA (1973)

Biology

B.A., Bridgewater College; Ph.D., University of

Virginia

*On Sabbatical Fall Semester 1982-83
**On Sabbatical Spring Semester 1982-83

ASSISTANT PROFESSORS

RICHARD J. BARKER (1982)

Spanish

B.A., Hamilton College;

M.A., University of Iowa; Ph.D. University of Oregon
SUSAN K. BEIDLER (1975)

Library Services

B.A., University of Delaware; M.L.S., University of

Pittsburgh
GARY M. BOERCKEL (1979)

Music

B.M., Oberlin College; M.M., Ohio University;

D.M.A., University of Iowa
JON R. BOGLE (1976)

Art

B.F.A., B.S., M.F.A., Tyler School of Art, Temple

University

67

ROLF T. CARLSON (1981)

STEPHEN E. ROBINSON (1979)

Theatre

Religion

B.S., Kearney State College; M.F.A., University of

B.A., M.A., Brigham Young University; Ph.D., Duke

Montana

University

JOHN H. CONRAD (1959)

KATHRYN M. RYAN (1981)

Education

Psychology

B.S., Mansfield State College; M.A., New York

B.S., University of Illinois; M.S., Ph.D., University of

University

Pittsburgh

RICHARD R. ERICKSON (1973)

GENE D. SPRECHINI (1981)

Astronomy and Physics

Mathematics

B.A., University of Minnesota; M.S., Ph.D.,

B.S., Wilkes College;

University of Chicago

M.A., Ph.D., SUNY at Binghamton

EDWARD G. GABRIEL (1977)

LARRY R. STRAUSER (1973)

Biology

Sociology

B.A., M.S., Alfred University; Ph.D., The Ohio State

A.B., Lycoming College; M.P.A., University of

University

A rizona

FRED L. GROGAN (1977)

FRED M. THAYER, JR. (1976)

Political Science

Music

A.B., Bates College; M.A., Arizona State University;

A.B., Syracuse University; B.M., Ithaca College;

Ph.D., University of Missouri

M.M., SUNY at Binghamton; D.M.A., Cornell

THOMAS J. HENNINGER (1966)

University

Director of Computer Services Mathematics

H. BRUCE WEAVER (1974)

B.S., Wake Forest College; M. A., University of

Business Administration

Kansas

B.B.A., Stetson University; J.D., Vanderbilt

OWEN F. HERRING (1965)

University; M.B.A., Florida Technological University

Philosophy

BUDD F. WHITEHILL (1957)

B.A., Wake Forest College

Physical Education

DAVID N. JEX (1978)

B.S., Lock Haven State College

Music

M.Ed., The Pennsylvania State University

B.M., University of Toledo; M.M., Bowling Green

RICHARD E. WIENECKE (1982)

State University; D.M.A., Cleveland Institute of

Accounting

Music

B.A., Lycoming College; M.S., Bucknell University;

DAN O. KING (1977)

M.B.A., Long Island University

Biology

FREDRIC M. WILD, JR. (1978)

B.A., University of South Florida; M.A., Ph.D.,

English

Indiana University

B.A., Emory University; M.A., Ph.D., Ohio State

ELIZABETH H. KING (1956)

University; M.Div., Yale Divinity School

Business Administration

MELVIN C. ZIMMERMAN (1979)

B. S. , Geneva College; M. Ed. , The Pennsylvania State

Biology

University

B.S., SUNY at Cortland; M.S., Ph.D., Miami

ELDON F.KUHNS, II (1979)

University

Accounting

B.A., Lycoming College; M. Accounting, University

*On Sabbatical Spring Semester 1982-83

of Oklahoma; C.P.A. (Pennsylvania)

DIANE M. LESKO (1978)

Art History

B.A., M.A., Ph.D., SUNY at Binghamton

INSTRUCTORS

RICHARD J. MORRIS (1976)

History

MARY ANN DOYLE (1982)

B.A., Boston State College; M.A., Ohio University;

Education

Ph.D., New York University

B.A., University College of New York at Oswego;

CAROLE MOSES (1982)

E.D.M., State University of New York at Buffalo

English

GEOFFREY L. GORDON (1981)

B.A., Adelphi University; M.A., The Pennsylvania

Business Administration

State University; Ph.D., SUNY at Binghamton

B.S., Lehigh University; M.B.A., Duke University

68

DAVID B. HAIR (1979)

Physical Education

B.S., East Stroudsburg State College
DEBORAH J. HOLMES (1976)

Physical Education

B.S., M.S., The Pennsylvania State University
WILLIAM E. KEIG (1980)

Astronomy and Physics

A.B., University of California at Santa Cruz;

M.S., University of Chicago
JACK D. MURPHY (1978)

Mathematics

B.S., M.S., Drexel University
KATHERINE PAGANA (1982)

Nursing

B.S.N. , University of Maryland; M.S.N. , University

of Pennsylvania
RICHARD D. TROXEL (1978)

Mathematics

B.A., Oberlin College; M.A., Indiana University

LECTURERS & SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS

DON M. LARRABEE II (1972)
Lecturer in Law

A.B., Franklin and Marshall; LL.B., Fordham
University

PA R T- TIME FA CUL TY

JOSIAH ALFORD (1982)

Mathematics

B.A., Principia College; M.A.,

George Washington University
MARY P. BAGGETT (1977)

Chemistry

B.A., Regis College; M.A., Wellesley College
ADELLE DOTZEL (1981)

Mathematics

B.S., Kings College; M.A., The Pennsylvania

State University
ROME A. HANKS (1982)

Art

B.A., M.F.A., The Pennsvlvania State University
DANIEL HARTSOCK (1982)

English

B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.A.,

Indiana University of Pennsylvania
RAYMOND McGINNIS (1982)

Sociology

B.A., Temple University; M.S. W., Marywood College

MARY J. VESTERMARK (1977)
Psychology

A.B. Oberlin; M.A., Stetson University; Ph.D.,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

APPLIED MUSIC TEACHERS

RICHARD J. LAKEY (1979)

Organ and Piano

A.B., Westminster Choir College;

M.A., Indiana University of Pennsylvania
THOMAS GALLUP (1982)

Flute and Voice

B.S., Mansfield State College
ALBERT NACINOVICH (1972)

Brass

B.A., in Music Education, Mansfield State College;

M.S., in Music Education, Ithaca College
MARY L. RUSSELL (1936)

Piano

M.B., Susquehanna University;

M.A., The Pennsylvania State University
JUANITA M. SERANG

Violin

A DJUNCT FA CUL TY & STAFF

ALBERT J. STUNKARD, M.D.

Director of Institute of Community Health

MEDICAL STAFF

FREDERIC C. LECHNER, M.D.

College Physician

B. S. , Franklin and Marshall College;

M.D., Jefferson Medical College
ROBERT S. YASUI, M.D.

College Surgeon

M.D., Temple University
EVELYN L. SEAMAN, R.N.

College Nurse
Williamsport Hospital School of Nursing

69

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTS

Randy J. Baker Athletic Trainer

(B.S.. Lock Haven Stale College; M.S., University of Illinois)

Louise S. Banks Periodicals Assistant in Library

Rebecca Bastian Data Entry Clerk

Pauline Berrigan Secretary, United Campus Ministry

Emily C. Biichle Coordinator Facilities Scheduling/Purchasing

Barbara J. Bodner Secretary to the Director of Admissions

Barbara Bowes Bookstore Assistant

Pauline M . Brungard Student Loan Coordinator

IBS., Lycoming College)

Nancy Carlin Faculty Secretary

Kathy A. Confair Cashier/Bookkeeper

Richard L . Cowher Press Operator

Elizabeth G. Cowles Career Development Secretary

Patricia Cundiff Systems Analyst

Robert L. Curry Administrative Assistant in Athletics

(A.B., Lycoming College)

Mary Dahlgren Admissions Data Entry Assistant

June L. Evans Secretary, Education Office

Irene Everdale Secretary to the Director of Buildings and Grounds

S. Jean Gair Secretary, Music and Art Departments

Anne S. Gibbon Secretary, Biology and Chemistry Departments

I rene V . Gohrig Secretary to Dean of Student Services

Diane Hassinger Secretary to Director of Development

Ralph W. Hellan Computer Operations Programmer

(A.B.. Lycoming College)

Helen C. Heller Secretary to the Registrar

Mary C. Hendricks Supervisor of Housekeeping

Esther L. Henninger Administrative Assistant for Admissions

Computer Applications

Diane C. Hess Receptionist/Sec'y, Office of Student Services

BernadineG. Hileman Office Services Coordinator

Phyllis M. Holmes Secretary to the President

Barbara E. Horn Secretary to the Athletics Director

Sherrie Landon Administrative Assistant in Student Financial Aid

D. MaxineMcCormick Records Clerk

Christine McCracken Computer Programmer

Mary Jane Murphy Secretary in Admissions Office

Marilyn Mullings Faculty Secretary

Phyllis B. Myers Secretary to the Director of Alumni Affairs

Marion R. Nyman Secretary to the Treasurer

Kimberly A. Owen Library Assistant

Rosalie Pfaff Switchboard Operator

Terry Ann Raup Secretary, Athletics Office

Dolores J. Reed I.L.L. Assistant/AV Coordinator

Pearl M. Ringler Bookstore Assistant

Betty June Swanger Assistant in Treasurer's Office

Sheran L. Swank Faculty Secretary

Patricia J. Triaca Library Assistant

Helen J. Vincent Library Assistant

Deborah E. Weaver Damage Assessment Clerk

Vickie Weaver Secretary to Director of Student Aid

Loretta M. Whipkey Secretary to the Director of Public Relations

Madelyn Wonderlich Secretary to the Dean of the College

Cheryl A. Yearick Library Assistant

70

Index

Academic Advisement 8

Academic Calendar 63

Academic Honesty 10

Academic Honors 11

Academic Program 5

Academic Standing 10

Accounting Curriculum 20

Accounting-Mathematics (EIM) 21

Accreditation 4

Administrative Assistants 70

Administrative Staff 64

Admission 59

Admissions Deposit 60

Admissions Office 59

Admission Policy 59

Admission Standards 59

Advanced Placement 11

Advanced Standing by Transfer 59

Advisory Committees 8

Health Professions 8

Legal Professions 8

Medical Technology 8

Theological Professions 8

Allopathic Medicine, Advisement for 8'

American Studies (EIM) 21

Anthropology Curriculum 53

Application Fee and Deposits 60

Application Process 59

Applied Music Requirements 45

ArtCurriculum 22

Astronomy and Physics Curriculum 23

Athletic Training 49

Attendance, Class 10

Audit 14

Awards 11

BFA Degree 5

Basic Educational Opportunity

Grants (BEOG) 61

Biology Curriculum 25

BoardofTrustees 64

Books and Supplies 60

Business Administration Curriculum 27

Calendar, Academic 63

Career Development Services 57

Chemistry Curriculum 29

Christian Ministry, Advisement for 8

ClassAttendance 10

College and the Church 4

College Directory 64

College Level Examination Program

(CLEP) 11

Community Scholarships 62

Computer Science Curriculum 42

Conduct, Standards of 58

Contents 2

Contingency Deposits 60

Cooperative Programs 15

Engineering 15

Environmental Studies 15

Forestry ..15

Medical Technology 15

Military Science 17

Nuclear Medicine Technology 16

Optomet ry 16

Podiatric Medicine 17

Sculpture 17

Counseling, Academic 8

Counseling, Personal 57

Course Credit by Examination 11

Course Descriptions 20

Criminal Justice (EIM) 30

Curriculum 20

Damage Charges 58

Degree Programs 5

Degree Requirements 5

Dental School, Advisement for 8

DepartmentalHonors 13

Departmental Majors 7

Deposits 60

Deposit Refunds 60

Distribution Requirements 6

English 6

Fine Arts 6

Foreign Language 6

History and Social Science 7

Mathematics 6

Natural Science 7

Philosophy 6

Religion 6

Early Admission Procedure 59

Economics Curriculum 31

Education Curriculum 32

Education Financing Plans 60

Educational Opportunity Grants 61

Engineering, Cooperative Program 15

English Curriculum 34

English Requirement 6

Entrance Examinations (CEEB) 1 1

Entry Fees and Deposits 60

Environmental Studies 15

Established Interdisciplinary

Major (EIM) 7

Expenses 60

Faculty 65

Federal Grants and Loans 61

Fees 60

Financial Aid 60

Financial Assistance 60

Financial Information 60

Fine Arts Requirements 6

Foreign Language Requirement 6

Foreign Languages and Literatures

Curriculum 35

Forestry, Cooperative Program 15

French Curriculum 36

General Expenses 60

German Curriculum 36

GradingSystem 9

Graduation Requirements 5

Grants-in-Aid 61

Greek Curriculum 37

Health Professional Careers 8

Health Services 57

Hebrew Curriculum 37

History Curriculum 38

History of the College 4

History Requirements 7

Honor Societies 11

Honors, Academic 11

Honors, Departmental 13

Independent Study 13

Interdisciplinary Majors 7

Established Majors (EIM) 7

Individual Majors (EIM) 7

International Studies 39

Internship Programs 14

Interviews 59

Johnson Atelier 22

Legal Professions, Advisement for 8

Literature (EIM) 40

Loans 61

Location 3

London Semester 17

Lycoming Scholar Program 18

Major 7

Admission to 7

Departmental 7

Interdisciplinary (EIM, IIM) 7

Mass Communication (EIM) 41

Mathematical Sciences 42

Mathematics Requirements 6

May Term 14

Medical School, Advisement for 8

Medical History 57

Medical Staff 69

Medical Technology 15

Military Science 16

Ministerial Grants-in-Aid 61

Minor 7

Music Curriculum 44

National Direct Student Loans

(NDSL) 61

Natural Science Requirement 6

Near East Culture and

Archaeology (EIM) 46

Non-Payment of Fees Penalty 61

Nuclear Medicine Technology 16

Nursing 46

Optometry 16

Optometry School, Advisement for 8

Osteopathy School, Advisement for 8

Overseas Studies Opportunities 14

Part-time Student Opportunities 15

PaymentofFees 60

Payments, Partial 60

Penalty for Non-Payment of Fees 61

Personal Counseling 57

Philosophy Curriculum 47

Philosophy Requirement 6

Physical Education Curriculum 49

Physics Curriculum 23

Placement Services 57

Podiatric Medicine, Cooperative Program ..17

Political Science Curriculum 49

Psychology Curriculum 51

Purpose and Objectives 3

Reading Improvement Course 57

Refunds 60

Registration 9

Regulations (Standards of Conduct) 58

Religion Curriculum 52

Religion Requirement 6

Repeated Courses 9

Requirements, Distribution 6

Requirements for Admission 59

Requirements for Graduation 5

Reserve Officer Training Corps

Program (ROTC) 17

Scholarships (ROTC) 62

Residence 57

Residence Halls 57

71

Scholarships 61

Selection Process 59

Sculpture 22

Social Science Requirement 6

Sociology- Anthropology

Curriculum 53

Spanish Curriculum 37

Special Features 13

Independent Study 13

Internship Program 14

May Term 14

Overseas Studies Opportunities 14

Standards of Admission 59

Standards of Conduct 58

State Grants and Loans 62

Student Enrichment Semester (SES) 17

Student Records 10

Student Services 57

Study Abroad 14

Summer Session Calendar 63

Supplemental Educational Opportunity

Grant (SEOG) 61

Theatre Curriculum 55

The Harrisburg Urban Semester

THUS 17

Theological Professions, Advisement 8

Transfer 59

Trustees 64

Unit Course System 9

United Nations Semester 17

Veterans, Approval 59

Veterinary School, Advisement for 8

Washington Semester 17

Withdrawal from College 60

Work-Study Grants 61

72

The general regulations and policies stated in
this catalog are in effect for the 1982-83
academic year. Students beginning their first
term at Lycoming College in the fall of 1982 or
the spring of 1983 are thereafter governed by
the policies stated in this catalog. Requirements
governing a student's major are those in effect
at the time a major is formally declared and of-
ficially accepted by the major department.

If changes are made in subsequent editions
of the catalog to either general requirements or
major requirements, students may be permitted
the option of following their original program
or a subsequent catalog version, but the Col-
lege always reserves the right to determine
which requirements apply.

If a student interrupts his or her education
for more than one semester, the catalog re-
quirements in effect at the time of readmission
will apply. Students on an approved leave of
absence retain the same requirements they had
when they entered, if their leave does not ex-
tend beyond one year.

Lycoming College reserves the right to
amend or change the policies and procedures
stated in this catalog without prior notice to
those who may be affected by them.