GIFT OF
Lawrence P, Brtggs
A MALAY MANUAL
Uniform with this Volume
A POLISH MANUAL
To be followed shortly by —
EGYPTIAN-ARABIC—URDU, and others.
The object of these Manuals is to furnish the beginner with an intro-
duction to a language of which he is entirely ignorant. They are strictly
practical, and written in simple language. Elaborate rules and lists of
exceptions, which only confuse the learner, are omitted.
The general arrangement of their contents is the following : —
(i) An account of the alphabet, pronunciation, and phonetic laws of the
language. These, when necessary, will be discussed at some
length, although in some cases it is impossible adequately to
represent certain foreign sounds by any system of English trans-
literation. But even where the services of a native are not
obtainable, it is believed that careful attention to the rules will
enable the student to make himself intelligible. Where the
written language employs a foreign alphabet, some account of
this alphabet will be given, as an introduction to the study of
the printed books.
(2) A short grammatical sketch, containing only what is absolutely
necessary. The simpler the sentences used at first, the more
intelligible they are likely to be.
(3) Simple English exercises or dialogues for translation and retranslation,
the words used being restricted to those that are met with in
everyday life. The acquisition of a foreign language being in
the main an effort of memory, these exercises should be thoroughly
mastered, so that no word shall be forgotten. Five hundred words
perfectly known are of more use than five thousand imperfectly
known.
(4) Specimens of the written language, with notes, to illustrate the
difference between the literary and the colloquial.
(5) Two Vocabularies, one containing all the foreign words used in the
Exercises, the other (English ) of about 2, 500-3,000 words. The
learner should select the most useful and commit them to memory,
gradually acquiring the remainder as necessity arises. A short
list of books of a more advanced nature, likely to be useful to
the student, will be suggested in the Preface to each volume.
TRUBNER'S LANGUAGE MANUALS
Edited by J. H. FREESE, MA.
FORMERLY FELLOW OF ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMERIDGE
A MALAY MANUAL
WITH GRAMMAR, READING EXERCISES,
AND VOCABULARIES
l.J^ CJ -Ji . &•>
SECOND IMPRESSION
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LTD.
BROADWAY HOUSE, 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.C.
•i :
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY
THE EDINBURGH FRESS, 9 AND II YOUNG STREET, EDINBURGH
PL5101
PREFACE
This little book is adapted from A. Seidel's Praktische Grammatik
der malayischen Sprache (2nd ed., Vienna and Leipzig). Consider-
able alterations, however, have been made. The grammatical
section has been somewhat enlarged, and additional exercises have
been given. The English-Malay Vocabulary is in the main an
independent compilation. Several English words will be found
in it unaltered, which have been adopted and are well understood
in the Straits Settlements. Much of the Reading Lessons in Malay
has been omitted, and, while the account of the Arabic alphabet
has been retained, as an introduction to the study of printed
books, the Roman character has been used throughout.
The following works have also been utilized : P. Favre,
Grammaire de la langue malaise (Vienna, 1876) ; N. B. Denny s,
A Handbook of Malay Colloquial, as spoken in Singapore (London
and Singapore, 1878) ; W. E. Maxwell, A Manual of the Malay
Language (London, 1911, especially valuable for its collection of
idiomatic examples) ; F. A. Swettenham, English-Malay Vocabulary
(Singapore, 1911) ; W. G. Shellabear, Malay-English Vocabulary
(Singapore, 1902) ; J. Rijnenberg, Spreekt giy Maleisch t (Leiden,
1901).
Other works that may be consulted are : W. Marsden, Grammar
and Dictionary of the Malayan Language (1812) ; J. Crawfurd,
Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language (London, 1852) ;
W. G. Shellabear, Practical Malay Grammar (Singapore, 1899, the
best for general purposes) ; E. Dulaurier, Ghrestomathie malaye
(Paris, 1845) ; A. Mersier, Ghoix de textes malais (Paris, 1903) ;
M128S47
vi PREFACE
A. Meursinge, Maleisch Leesboek (Leiden, 1879) ; J. van Dissel,
Maleysche Chrestomathie (Leiden, 1896) ; Kelly and Walsh, Hand-
book of the Malay Language (Singapore, 1903) ; Traveller's Malay
Pronouncing Handbook (Singapore, 1904) ; A. H. L. Badings,
Hollandsch-maleische en maleisch-hollandsche samenspraken (Harder-
wijk, 1883) ; H. Clifford and F. A. Swettenham, Dictionary of
the Malay Language (1894, in progress) ; R. J. Wilkinson, Malay-
English Dictionary (Singapore, 1901) ; H. van der Wall and
H. N. van der Tuuk, Maleisch-nederlandsch Woordenboek (Batavia,
1877-1888) ; H. C. Klinkert, Nieuw nederlandsch - maleisch en
maleisch-nederlandsch Woordenboek (Leiden, 1885-1898) ; A. Tugault,
Dictionnaire malais-frangais (Paris, 1898).
It may be added that a knowledge of Dutch is extremely
desirable for the student of Malay. " It is not too much to say
that any one aiming at a thorough knowledge of the language,
literature, and history of the Malay people should commence his
task by learning Dutch" (Maxwell).
CONTENTS
PART I
PAGE
Introduction ••...... 1
Alphabet and Pronunciation 2
Vowels ••••••... 3
Consonants 4
Accent ......... 4
The Arabic Alphabet . . . . . • 4
Euphonic Changes in Derivatives .... 10
PART II
Grammar —
Article 13
Noun 13
List of Nouns .15
Adjective 27
Some Common Adjectives 27
Pronouns ........ 29
Verbs 3j
Derivative Verbs ....... 32
Active Voice 33
vii
viii CONTENTS
PAGE
Passive Voice . . . • . . 34
To Be and To Have 34
Must, Let, Ought, Can, Would, Should . . 35
Some Common Verbs ...... 36
Interrogative and Negative Sentences . . 37
Numerals . ...... 37
Numeral Coefficients . . • . . . . 38
Manner of Expressing Time 40
Prepositions ........ 41
Adverbs 42
Conjunctions ........ 43
Interjections ........ 44
PART III
Exercises (Malay- English and English- Malay) . . 45
Easy Reading Exercises 57
Conversations in the Vulgar Dialect ... 68
PART IV
The Written Language ...... 64
Malay-English Vocabulary to the Exercises . . 72
English-Malay Vocabulary ,...♦* 86
MALAY MANUAL
PART I
INTRODUCTION
The birthplace of the Malay language is the island of Sumatra.
Thence it spread, in the thirteenth century, to the peninsula of
Malacca, and subsequently, as the result of Malay immigration,
over the greater part of the Eastern Archipelago. At the present
day it is not only spoken and understood on the Malay peninsula,
the Great and Little Sunda islands as far as the Philippines, but
it is the general means of communication on the coasts of the
whole of the Indo-Chinese archipelago up to the Chinese ports,
and its influence extends as far as New Guinea and even beyond.
Everywhere it has established itself over an extensive coast-line
and driven back the original dialects into the interior. At the
present day it is the language of four millions of people. From
this point of view, when the commercial importance of the districts
where it is spoken is considered, it is particularly valuable as a
means of communication for trading purposes, to which it is
specially adapted by its simplicity and the ease with which it
can be acquired.
Under Indian influence Malay adopted a large number of
Sanskrit words, and later, owing to the advance of the Mohammedan
religion and civilization, borrowed largely from Arabic, and, later
still, from Western languages.
Considering the extensive area over which it spread, it is not
surprising that a large number of dialects is in existence. Their
peculiarities, however, are comparatively small. The grammar
1 A
. - • J --,»• ■ e% i. • • • ■ < MALAY MANUAL
is not affected at all, the vocabulary only to a comparatively small
extent, especially as regards the personal pronouns. Thus, the
pronoun of the second person is in Batavia kweh, in Borneo kita,
in Malacca awak, in Perak mika. But all these dialects follow
the same grammatical rules, and, in the matter of vocabulary,
exhibit a common nucleus, the knowledge of which renders the
acquisition of dialectic peculiarities a tolerably easy task.
The influence of these dialects upon the written and spoken
language of the educated classes is trifling. The language of the
less educated natives is certainly less precise in vocabulary, but
follows the general grammatical rules. The dialect of the ports,
of Malay - speaking Chinese and Indian artisans, tradesmen, and
servants is a mixture of Malay, Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese,
the grammar of which is extremely simple and the vocabulary
extremely limited.
ALPHABET and PRONUNCIATION
Malay is a very melodious language. It contains twenty-three
sounds, represented in writing by letters of the Arabic alphabet.
It is probable that the Javanese was the alphabet formerly in
use, and that it was displaced with the advance of Arabic
civilization.
The Arabic written characters are, however, ill adapted to re-
produce the spoken sounds of Malay. The difficulty of reading
Malay texts is increased by the fact that as a rule only the
consonants are expressed, little attention being paid to the vowels.
After the decline of Arabic power and commerce the maritime
peoples of Europe strove to obtain possession of the richly endowed
districts of the Malay archipelago, with the object of exploiting
their wealth. At the present day the archipelago is divided
amongst the Western peoples, with commercial ramifications extend-
ing over all parts of the world. Throughout the entire polyglot
district of Indo-China the medium of communication for trading
purposes is Malay. Naturally, therefore, European merchants felt
the need of freeing a language, in itself so easy and simple, from
the trammels of Arabic, and of representing its sounds by the
letters of their own alphabet. At the present day Roman Tetters
are used by Europeans in all commercial correspondence, and are
often employed in printed books. But the day when they will
finally and completely displace the Arabic alphabet is still far
distant. Malay national literature still uses the Arabic written
signs, a knowledge of which is indispensable to the student who
aims at a more thorough insight into the spirit of the language.
Hence it will be necessary to devote some attention to the Arabic
alphabet.
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION 3
The twenty-three sounds of the Malay language proper (excluding
foreign elements) are the following —
Vowels : a, e, i, o, u.
Consonants : b, ch, d, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, ng, ny, p, r, s, t, w y
1. Vowels
The vowels are, as a rule, pronounced as in Italian —
a as in father i as in pique
e as a in play o as in no
u as in truth
In words of purely Malay origin short a must never be pro-
nounced as a in cat (rather as u in but) nor short u as in cut
(rather as oo in book).
There also exists in Malay what is called an "indeterminate"
vowel, usually romanized as e. This is pronounced as short as
possible ; indeed, in some systems of transliteration it is omitted
altogether, or represented by an apostrophe : thus, berapa (how
much ?) is very commonly written brapa or bWapa. R. J.
Wilkinson1 describes this indeterminate vowel as an attempt to
omit the vowel altogether between two consonants which do not
readily combine : thus, an attempt to sound the k in knee would
give an indeterminate vowel sound between k and n.
The vowels a, e, i9 o, u, are nearly always long when they occur
in an open (ending in a vowel) accented syllable : gdram, bekin,
tima, roda, Ivku.
They are short when they occur in a shut (ending in a con-
sonant) syllable : tdmpat, bSr, chinchin, Idmbok, bumbu, se~kdrang.
Unaccented vowels in open syllables are short, at the end of a
word half-long (e.g. the u in kdlu), and before the accented
syllable tend to disappear altogether. Thus, sekdrang is pronounced
nearly as skarang (see the " indeterminate" vowel above).
When a vowel in a shut syllable is to be pronounced long, it
may be written twice or marked long (besaar, besdr).
The short and half-long vowels a and 6, 6 and w, especially if
unaccented, are frequently interchanged. Thus, lampu, anggur,
s#karang are indifferently written and pronounced lamp5i anggdr,
sdkarang.2
i Appendix to Malay- English Dictionary (Singapore, 1901). According to
him, there are only three normal vowel-sounds, all others being exceptional.
These sounds are —
a intermediate between ar in bar and a in French facile
e, i ,, ,, ai i}wait ,, ee „ sweet
ot u ,, ,, oo ,, school ,, o ,, alone
a It is important to remember this in consulting vocabularies and
dictionaries.
4 MALAY MANUAL
There are no diphthongs in Malay, and in the combinations ae,
ai, ei, au each vowel is to be pronounced separately.
2. Consonants
ch is pronounced as in church.
g „ „ go (never as in gin).
h „ „ hat. At the end of a word it is silent, and
has the effect of shortening the last syllable.
k n „ c in cat. At the end of a word it is silent, and
has the effect of shortening the last syllable.
It then represents a kind of catch in the
breath, such as may be heard after "an"
in pronouncing uan ice pudding" as dis-
tinguished from "a nice pudding." It
answers to the Arabic Hamza and the
Greek spiritus lenis.
ng „ „ ng in singer \ not as in finger, where a second g is
heard : this second g, when necessary, is
represented in Malay by a second written
g (cp. ang-in and ang-gor). The combina-
tion ang is pronounced like the first syllable
in (h)ungry, not as in angry. Like ny, it
is considered a siugle letter.
ny n „ Hi in Spaniard, poniard : it is the Spanish n, or
the French gn in campagne. It it con-
sidered a single letter.
The remaining consonants are pronounced as in English, but r
should always be sounded clearly and with emphasis.
Accent
In radicals (which are mostly disyllabic), that is, words to which
no prefixes or suffixes have been added, the accent is, as a rule,
on the penultimate (the last syllable but one). This is always the
case when the syllable is shut, and generally when it is open.
Exceptions are indicated by an accent on the last syllable (seric).
In derivatives the place of the accent is frequently altered. No
definite rules can be given for the accentuation of foreign words.
The Arabic Alphabet
The Arabic alphabet being insufficient to express all the sounds
of the Malay spoken language, the form of certain kindred letters
as modified to denote g, ch, j, ng, ny, and p.
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION
Form.
Name.
Equivalent.
Isolated.
Final.
Medial.
Initial.
t
*y
&
-
J
ta
d
a
i*
—
—
da (dal)
n
tii
B>
-
i
na (nun)
k
cS
^
£
<,
ka (kaf)
g
A
ulJ
%
ga
ng
i
£
A
H
A
J
nga
P
^j
Ji
A
A
3
pa
b
LfJ
«*-
-
j
ba
m
t
r
**
s9
ma (mlm)
1
J
J
1
\
la (lam)
r
;
•
—
—
ra
ch
5
(2
jS
r>-
cha
J
£
£
JS-
s^
ja (jim)
ny
d>
&
V
i
nya
y
c^
L5
-
J
ya
w
3
J
—
—
wa (wau)
s
U"
L^
AM
«i
sa (sin)
h
1
a,
•v «
A
ha
1
P and $r are very frequently written with one dot instead of three.
MALAY MANUAL
Remarks
Arabic is written from right to left.
With the exception of j, . and ., all the letters have slightly
different forms, according as they occur at the beginning, in the
middle, or at the end of a word — the result of the attempt to
combine the letters of a word in writing. The three letters
t>, „ . do not combine with a following consonant.
The forms in the first column of the table are those of the letters
when standing alone. It follows from the preceding remarks that
these forms are used —
(a) at the beginning of a word only j, . and ., e.g., 4_j J
(b) at the end of a word if j, , or . precede, e.g., cJjj
(c) in the middle of a word only j, . and ., if one of these
letters precedes, e.g., i* >*>.
The forms in the second column are used at the end of a word
if neither j nor . nor . precedes, e.g., l^^Lj.
The forms in the third column are used when none of the
three letters j, ., . precedes.
The forms in the fourth column are used at the beginning of
a word.
As a rule the short vowels are not indicated. According to
the Arabic grammarians the consonants are the essential part of
a word. The vowels have no independent existence, but must
always be attached to a consonant, which they follow. Where in
English a vowel appears to stand alone, as at the beginning of a
word, or where it forms a syllable (as in again), Arabic employs
a special sign to indicate the absence of any other consonant.
This sign, which is called Alif,1 has the form \ when standing
alone and the form [ in combination with a preceding consonant,
e.g., L^JLl ampat, Jl api.
When k stands at the end of a word it is represented by i
1 This Alif denotes the catch in the voice, indicated in Greek by the
spiritus lenis, and referred to in the remark on the letter k.
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION 7
It is sometimes necessary to indicate the short vowels, as in the
case of proper names, words with similar consonants but different
vowels. The Arabic vowel-signs are then employed —
t (above the consonant), Arabic fat-ha, Malay baris di-atas
to express d and open £ : «3J , tada.
— . (below the consonant), Arabic kesra, Malay baris di-bawah,
to express I and shut 2 : jj, tKda.
_£. (above the consonant), Arabic dhamma, Malay baris di-
hadapan, to express d and u : &f tdda ; 5J ttdu.
To indicate the long vowels the three consonants \, ^j, j are
used, \ for a, ^ for I or e, • for w or 5, e.g., l> 6a", ^ 6i, 6e,
y 5w, 6<5. In vocalized texts it is customary to add the sign for
the corresponding short vowel, in which, as the Arabic grammarians
express it, the consonants I, ^j, . rest, e.g., \j bd, j lb, be,
J bu, bd.
The inadequacy of the above is obvious. Not only is there no
distinction between I and e, u and 6, but it is often very difficult
to decide in each particular case whether the vowel -letter in
question is quiescent or itself carries a vowel, e.g., y may be
read bawa and bau as well as bu and bo.
Au and at are written /, %*'% e.g., y, y, bau, £, <ji bai.
The Malay vocabulary contains many words borrowed from
Arabic and Persian. These words have preserved their original
orthography, necessitating the addition of fourteen letters to the
Malay alphabet. As a rule the native does not attempt to re-
produce the original sounds, but uses the sounds of his own language
that appear most nearly to resemble the foreign sounds. It should
be observed, however, that educated natives do endeavour to re-
produce the Arabic pronunciation, so that for a thorough knowledge
of the language it is necessary for the student to make himself
acquainted with the correct sounds of the more difficult Arabic
consonants (such as Ain, often wrongly described as a vowel).
The fourteen additional letters are shown in the following
table (page 8).
MALAY MANUAL
Form.
Name.
Initial.
Medial.
Final.
Isolated.
i.
J
A
C^s
e^
tha
:>-
.S
t
r
ha
£*-
JSL
t
£
kh
—
—
i.
3
zal
—
—
J
j
za
a
4*
A
JUA
A
A
shim
00
*a
u*
u°
sad
«P
*d
u*
u*
dlad
y
L
ia
J.
ta
\i
b
a
i>
tla
&
X
t
t
<ain
i
k
t
i
ghain
i
k
Ufi
uJ
fa
i
A
t?
J
kaf
l* » in Arabic as th in think, t, or s : in Malay as s in sit ( = ^).
in Arabic a strong guttural aspirate : in Malay as an
ordinary h ( = *)•
• in Arabic a strong guttural (as ch in loch) : in Malay generally
as an ordinary ft ( = lL50«
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION 9
j in Arabic as th in this, d, or z : in Malay sometimes as ds,
sometimes as z.
; in Arabic and Malay as z.
JJ in Arabic and Malay as sh.
& in Arabic an emphatic s : in Malay a sharp s (=(jw).
i, in Arabic an emphatic d : in Malay as dl1 or J.
t in Arabic an emphatic t : in Malay an ordinary t ( = ci>).
t in Arabic z or an emphatic d : in Malay as tl * or Z.
c in Arabic a harsh guttural, the sound of which can only be
learned from a native : in Malay not pronounced ( = \ ).
In the middle of a word it is generally indicated by a
kind of hiatus or doubling of the vowel.
c in Arabic a guttural r (like the Northumbrian r or the
French r grasseye'e) : in Malay as g (=cLO-
<_J in Arabic and Malay as/ (in the latter frequently as p).
t in Arabic a guttural k : in Malay as an ordinary Jc ( = i,* <\
In addition to the vowel-signs the following are frequently used
in vocalized texts : Jezm (° or c), Teshdld (*), Wasl ("°), Hamza
(*), Medda (~).
(a) In vocalized texts Jezm is placed over all vowelless con-
fa £ «*
sonants : c^UJ, tampat.
(b) Teshdld indicates the reduplication of the consonant over
which it is placed : *%£ meddah.
(c) Wasl is placed over the initial Alif of the Arabic article
J \ (al\ which, together with its vowel, is then omitted
in pronunciation. As the result of this the final vowel
of the preceding word is closely combined with the I
of the article: /JiJjiJ 1 ' . J, rohu 'llcudus instead of
rohu elkudus.
i Where dl, tl occur in genuine Malay words an indeterminate vowel has
been omitted, e.g., dlapan (eight) = dilapan.
10 MALAY MANUAL
(d) In Arabic Hamza regularly accompanies the radical Alif.
Its position changes according to the nature of the
i
accompanying vowel : l— >1, <— H*
In Malay Hamza is chiefly used as a mark of separation
between two successive vowels.
(e) Medda denotes the reduplication of Alif : j \ for ju, api.
Further information on the subject will be found in P. Favre,
Grammaire de la langue malaise (Vienna, 1876), pp. 7-30.
Euphonic Changes in Derivatives
The following rules are of great importance, and should be
carefully studied.
Radicals in Malay are, as already mentioned, with few exceptions
disyllabic.
Derivatives are formed —
(a) by prefixes or suffixes or both together.
(b) by reduplication of the radical.
(c) by combining two radicals.
The prefixes are — me-, pe-, her-, per-, ter-, bel-, pel-, leu-, Jcau-, ha-,
8a-, di-.
The suffixes are — an, -i, -hah, -han, -ku, -lah, -mu, -nya, -tah.
Prefixes. — When the prefixes me- and pe- are placed before a
radical certain euphonic changes take place according to the
nature of its initial letter.
Before t and d the prefix becomes men-, pen- : t drops out,
d remains.
Before h and g the prefix becomes meng-, peng- : h drops out,
g remains.
Before p and b the prefix becomes mem-, pern- : p drops out,
b remains.
Before vowels and h the prefix becomes meng-, peng-.
Before ch and j the prefix becomes men-, pen-, or, more rarely,
meny-, peny-.1
Before s the prefix becomes meny-, peny- : s drops out.
Before y and w, n, ng, m, ny, I, r the prefix remains unaltered.
1 It must be remembered that ny is regarded as one consonant, not as
two separate letters.
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION
The following table shows the above rules at a glance.
11
me-
mem-
men-
meng-
meny-
n
ng
(s>
(J
00
g
00
m
0
ch
a
*y
J
e
1
l
r
0
y
u
w
h
In foreign words the initial letters t, k, p, s are sometimes
retained.
If the initial letter of a foreign word is an element foreign to
the Malay alphabet (see secona alphabet), the following rules
are observed : —
Before i^j the prefix is men- or meny- : in the latter case ij^j
is dropped.
Before ^ c, e, and * the prefix is meng-.
Before ♦, J, :, \j*% ^, b, t, the prefix is men-.
Before u-i the prefix is mem-; before .A meny-, sh being
dropped.
The remaining prefixes remain unaltered before the radical.
Suffixes. — When the derivative suffixes -an and -i are added to a
word, the last syllable of which is shut, this syllable becomes open
and (as it at the same time becomes the penultimate) accented, and
its vowel is lengthened : if the vowel of the now antepenultimate
syllable was long, it is shortened : e.g., mengutyap, mengutydpi ;
pengutyap, pengutydpan.
In many of the vulgar dialects the above rule does not hold good ;
and it should be observed that some scholars deny it altogether,
maintaining that in derivatives the accent as a rule remains on
the same syllable on which it stood in the root.
When these suffixes are added to a word, the last syllable of
which is open, this syllable becomes accented and consequently
long ; the vowel of the penultimate, if previously long, is
shortened : e.g., mengata, mengdtdi ; perkdtd, perkdtdan.
12 MALAY MANUAL
When any of the remaining suffixes is added to a word, the last
syllable of which ends in a vowel, the same rule holds good : added
to a word ending in a consonant, they often cause the accent to be
transferred to the syllable preceding them.
Several suffixes are frequently added to a word, in which case
the word as it appears before the last suffix is added is regarded
as the radical : e.g., dikdta becomes dikdtdkan by the addition of
-kan> dikatdkannya by the further addition of -nya, and finally
dikatdkannydlah by adding -lah.
Reduplication. — If one of the syllables of the radical is shut, no
alteration takes place : ordng-orang. If both syllables of the radical
are open, the vowels of the first member of the compound are
shortened : e.g., kuda, kuda-kuda.
Words accented on the last syllable, however, remain unaltered :
e.g., s&rU) seru-seru.
If a derivative formed by prefixes or suffixes is to be reduplicated,
the chief rule is that only the radical, not the syllable of derivation,
is repeated ; for the repetition of the radical the rules given above
apply. It is to be further observed that —
(a) the second part of the compound is altered by a derivative
suffix in accordance with the rules given above : e.g.,
IdM, laki-nya, laki-lakl-nya (but IdM-ldki) ;
(6) if the initial letters p, k, t, s are replaced, e.g.^ by ng after
the prefixes me- and pe-y in reduplication the second
member also begins with ng: e.g., karang, mengarang-
ngarang.
If the radical begins with a vowel and has the prefix me- or pe-
(in the form meng- or peng-\ in reduplication the second member
only begins with ng if the radical ends in a vowel : e.g., ada,
mengada-ngada, but ugut, mengugut-ugut.
Combination of two Radicals. — When two words are combined to
form a new idea the same rules hold good as in reduplication :
e.g., mdtd (eye), hdri (day), mdtd-hdri (sun).
PART II
GRAMMAR
Article
There is no article in Malay, nothing exactly corresponding to
"a" or "the." Thus kuda may mean "the horse," "a horse," or
simply "horse." In the case of persons the prefix si- is sometimes
used for "the," while the numeral satu (one) or its abbreviated
form sa often supplies the place of the indefinite article. Thus :
si-laki-laki (the man), si-perampuan (the woman), ada sa-orang (there
was a man), di-sini satu kareta (here is a cab). Itu (that), mi (this),
and yang (which) are also used to specify particular objects.
Noun
Nouns are either —
(a) Radicals, such as in their primitive form are substantives
(rumah, house ; kuda, horse) ; or
(b) Derivatives, formed by the addition of prefixes or suffixes,
or both combined, to nouns or other parts of speech.
Two prefixes, pe- and ka-, and one suffix, -an, are used in the
formation of derivative nouns.
Nouns formed by the prefix pe- and its modifications (see page 10)
generally denote the agent or instrument of the action expressed
by the verb, and may be compared with English nouns ending in
-er (in French -eur, -oir) : churi (to steal), pen-churi (robber) ; ajar
(to teach), peng-ajar (teacher) ; jaja (to peddle), penjaja (peddler) ;
sapu (to sweep), peny-apu (sweeper, broom).
Nouns formed by the suffix -an (1) have a passive sense, (2)
denote quality or condition, (3) have a collective signification ;
makan (to eat), makan-an (that which is eaten, food) ; minum (to
drink), mmum - an (that which is drunk) ; dengar (to hear),
dengar-an (that which is heard, noise) ; manis (sweet), manis-an
13
14 MALAY MANUAL
(that which is sweet, sweetmeats) ; hampir (near), hampir - an
(nearness) ; buah (fruit), buah-an (fruits, fruit generally) ; laut
(sea), laut-an (seas, the ocean).
Nouns formed by the prefix pe- and the suffix -an correspond to
English verbal nouns in -ing : ajar (to teach), peng-ajar-an (teaching) ;
Ian (to run), pe-lari-an (running, flight). The prefix often takes
the form per- or pel-, especially when the verb from which the noun
is formed has the prefix ber- (verbs of state or condition). The
derivatives then generally have a passive, sometimes a local
meaning (nouns of place) : buru (to hunt), per-buru-an (that which
is hunted, game) ; ber-ulih (to acquire), per-ulih-an (that which is
acquired, an acquisition) ; ber-prang (to fight), pe(r)-prang-an (field
of battle) ; adu, ber-adu (to sleep), per-adu-an (sleeping place,
bedroom).
Nouns formed by the prefix ha- and the suffix -an have a passive
sense. They are called by Favre "passive participles used sub-
stantively," by Marsden " gerunds in form as well as in sense, being
in fact a verbal noun applied infinitively in construction" : pukul
(to strike), ka-pukul-an (he or that which is struck) ; datang (to
come), ka-datang-an (the thing or place which is come to) ; tiada ka-
tahu-an (not to be understood) ; matahari tiada ka-lihat-an (the
sun was not to be seen).
They sometimes answer to the English adjectives in -able, -ible :
ka-lihat-an (visible) ; ka-datang-an (accessible). Formed from
adjectives or verbs of condition the derivatives are abstract nouns,
expressing the quality of the adjective or the condition of the
subject : kaya (rich), ka-kaya-an (wealth) ; mati (to die), ka-maii-an
(death).1
Malay is also rich in compound nouns, many of which are very
expressive {see Shellabear's Grammar).
Gender, — In the case of living creatures gender is indicated
by the addition, for persons, of laki-laki (male) and perampuan
(female) ; for animals and plants, of jantan and betina : anak laki-
laki, son (child male), anak perampuan, daughter (child female) ;
sudara laki-laki (perampuan), relative male (female) ; kuda jantan
(stallion), kuda betina (mare) ; lembu jantan (bull), lembu betina
(cow).
Number. — A noun, standing alone with nothing to define it, may
generally be taken as plural : ada orang di-luar (there are persons
outside). To restrict the number to one, satu, sa- must be used.
In the case of persons or animate beings, when the whole class
is meant the noun is often repeated to indicate the plural : orang-
orang (all men, mankind), raja-raja (kings). Hence this method
i For a full account of these derivatives, see P. Favre, Grammaire de la
langut malaise (Vienna, 1876), pp. 60-68.
GRAMMAR 15
of expression should not be used when the noun is accompanied
by a definite or indefinite numeral.
To prevent ambiguity the plural is often expressed by the
addition of indefinite numerals, such as banyak (many), segala,
samud (all), barang (some) : segala kuda (all the horses).
Declension. — Malay, being a non-inflexional language, has no case-
endings. The cases are expressed, as in English, by prepositions,
the noun itself undergoing no alteration.
The Genitive may be expressed in two ways —
(a) by simply placing the governed after the governing noun :
rumah raja (the house (of) the king), pintu rumah (the
door (of) the house) ; •
(b) by the addition of punya : raja punya (the king's). In this
case the noun indicating the possessor stands first : raja
punya rumah (the king's house), sahaya, sahya, (I), sahaya
punya (of me, my), sahaya punya rumah or rumah sahaya
(my house). This use of punya should be avoided, except
in the case of the personal pronouns.
The Dative is supplied by the prepositions ka, kapada, sama (to),
akan (for) ; the Ablative by dengan (with), deri, deripada (from),
ulih (by).
The Accusative is the same as the Nominative ; as a rule it
follows the verb.
LIST OF NOUNS
1. The City, the Town
Negri, city, town, country : the Jambatan, bridge ; membuat jambatan
Malay equivalents are ill-defined ka-sabrang sungei, to build a bridge
Orang negri, citizen, countryman over a river
Kapala negri, capital, chief town Astana, mdligei, palace
Kampong, quarter, village ; kampong Rumah bichara, bald ruang, town-
China, the Chinese quarter hall, king's assembly -hall
Kampong di-muka, suburbs Rumah makan, hotel, hotel ; rumah.
Tampat yang berkulilmg, environs sopi, tavern
Pintu gerbaug, city gate Rumah sakit, hospital
Jalan, lebdh, ^reet ; jalan raya, main Greja, church
road ; jalan kareta, carriage-road Pekuburan, burying-ground
Lorong, lane, alley Skolah, maktab, school
Jalan ayer, gutter Rumah jaga, guard-house
Hamparan batu, pavement Masjid, mosque
Meidan, public square Rumah soldado, tangsi, barracks
Pasar, pekdn, market, market-place ; Kantor pos, post-office
hari pasar, market - day ; pasar Prigi, well
ikan, fish-market ; pergi ka-pasart
to go to market
16
MALAY MANUAL
2, 3. The House
Rumah, house
Bangunan, building
A tap, bumbong, roof
Ginting, tile (for roofing)
Batu-bata* brick
Tanda angin, weather-cock
Pintu, door, gate
Bandul pintu, threshold
Surambi, porch, vestibule
, staircase
Kayu pemegang, handrail
Anak tangga, step (of stairs)
Tingkat, storey ; loteng, upper storey
Halaman, courtyard
Tembok, outside wall
Chorong asap, tampat asap, chimney
Kandang, stall (for cattle)
Bangsal, stable (for horses)
Rumah kareta, coach-house
Orang sa-kampong, neighbour
Yang ampunya rumah, tuan tanah,
tuan rumah, owner, landlord
Yang menyewa, tenant
Bilik, kamar, room
Bilik {kamar) tidor, bedroom
Ranching, bolt, bar to fasten a
door
Langit-langit, ceiling
Dinding,Yis\\ (partition)
Kacha jandela, chermin window-
pane
Papan jandela, shutters
Ponchuran, saluran, gutter
Locheng, bell
Jamban, watorcloset
Bilik (kamar) makan, dining-room
Tampat mandi. bath-room
Klambu, curtain (mosquito)
Tirei, tdbir, curtain (window)
Kunchi, lock
A nak kunchi, key
Lobang anak kunchi, key-hole
Lantei papan, floor
Jandela, jindela, window (of Euro-
pean), tingkap (of native houses)
Bomba, pump
4-8. Household Utensils and Furniture
Dapur, oven
Kayu, wood ; kayu api, firewood ;
puntung, a small log
Api, fire ; pasang api, to light a fire
Arang, charcoal
Arang batu, coal
Tampat api, fireplace
Pengumbus, bellows
Dian, lilin, candle ; dian lemdk,
tallow-candle
Kaki dian, kaki lilin, candlestick
Gunting dian, snuffers
Sumbu, wick
Sepit api, tongs
Chuchuk api, poker
Sudok, sekup abu, shovel
Pelita, lampu, lamp
Lantera, lantern ; tenglong (Chinese)
Minyak, oil
Sapu, menyapu, to sweep
Sampah, refuse, dirt, sweepings
Serba rumah, perkakas rumah,
furniture
Meja, table ; meja bulat, round table ;
meja ampat p.ersagi, square table ;
m eja tulis, wrHing-table, desk
Kauchi, sofa
Peti, kopper, box
Kain selimut, sheet
Tilam, mattre as
Tikar, mat
Krusi, kwrsi% chair
Almari, wardrobe, cupboard, chest
of drawers
Lachi, kotak sorong-sorong, drawer
Permadani, hamparan, carpet
Tampat ludah, spittoon
Chermin muka, mirror
Tampat tidor, bed
KatU, bedstead
Bantal, pillow ; sarong bantal, pillow-
case
Selimut, kambli, blanket
GRAMMAR
17
Pasu chuchi muka, wash-hand basin
Jag, water- jug
Menchuchi diri-nya, to wash oneself
Sabun, soap
Permandian, bath ; permandian ayer
sejuk, cold bath ; permandian ayer
hangat, hot bath ; permandian,
huajo, vapour bath ; permandian
kaki, foot-pan ; mandi, to take a
bath
Sapu, penyapu, broom
Ayer, water; ayer sejuk, cold
water ; ayer sudm, warm, tepid
water ; aw panas, hot water
Tuala, sapu tangan, handuk, towel
Menyapu muka, to wipe the face
Brus, sikat, brush ; brus (sikat)
pakeian, clothes-brush ; brus (sikat)
gigi, tooth-brush ; bersugi, to brush
the teeth ; brus (sikat) kapala, hair-
brush ; brus kukuf nail-brush
Sikat, sisir, comb
Dapur, kitchen
Serba dapur, perkakas dapur, kitchen
utensils
Oherek, keiel, kiri, kettle
Kuali, frying-pan ; goring, to fry
Tapisan, strainer, filter
Ohorong, funnel
Timba, bucket, pail
Tukang masak, kuki, cook
Kuali, kawah, pot, saucepan (iron) ;
blanga, priuk (earthenware)
Tutupan, tudongan, lid, cover
Pachak, spit
Ayak, sieve
Antan, pestle
Lesong, mortar
Tong, cask, pail
Bakul, kranjang, basket
Botol, bottle
Oedong makanan, larder
Pipa, barrel
Sumbat, prop, cork (of bottle)
Penchabut sumbat, kunchi prop,
korkskrew, corkscrew
Perkakas meja, table service
Kain meja, tablecloth
Taruh meja, to lay the table
Angkat meja, to clear the table
Jaga meja, to wait at table
Sendok, spoon
Pisau, knife
Mata, knife-blade
Hulu, knife-handle
Punggung, back (of a knife)
Pinggan, dish
Tuala, serbetta, table-napkin
Piring, plate, saucer
Tampat sup, soup tureen
Tampat garam salt-cellar
Tampat lada, pepper-box
Tampat gula, sugar-basin
Garfu, fork
Qlas, glass (for drinking)
9, Food
Makanan, food, eatables, a meal
Makan, makan nasi,1 to eat
Buah-buahan, dessert
Makanan pagi, breakfast; makan
pada pagi, to breakfast
Makanan tengah hari, dinner ; makan
pada tengah hari, to dine
Hidangan, course (at a meal)
Kuah, sup, soup, sauce
Daging, meat
Daging lembu, sapi, beef
Daging anak lembu, veal
Daging biri-biri, daging kambing,
mutton
Daging babi, pork
Daging anak biri, lamb
1 To eat rice, which is more idiomatic than the simple makan : so lulis
surat (write a letter) for tulis alone.
B
Id
MALAY MANUAL
Bifstik, beef-steak
Telor, egg ; telor baharu, fresh eggs ;
teldr busuk, stale eggs ; tel6r goring,
fried eggs ; telor masalc kras, hard-
boiled eggs ; telor dadar, omelette
Rampak-rampak, spices
Lada, pepper
Ghuka, vinegar
Halia, ginger
Kvlit manis, kayu manis, cinnamon
Makanan malam, supper ; makan
ma lam, to sup
Sos, sauce
IAdah, tongue ; lidah lembu, ox-
tongue
MaH, liver
Paha (pahat) babi, ham, ham
Daging perburuan, game
Hayam, poultry
Ikan, fish
Nasi, rice (boiled)
Ubi, potatoes
Salada, salad
Kobis, kol, cabbage
Roti, bread ; roti putih, white bread ;
roti kasar, black bread ; roti sa-
putung, a slice of bread ; roti sa-
buah, a loaf of bread
Madu, ayer madu, honey
Mantega, butter
Keju, cheese
Gar am, salt
Sesawi, mastad, mustard
Bunga chingkeh, cloves
Gula, sugar; gula hitam, brown
sugar ; gula pasir, moist (granu-
lated) sugar
Manisan, sweets
Kweh, pastry, cake
Minyak, oil
Zait, olives
10. Drink
Minuman, drink ; minum, to drink
Anggor, wine ; anggor putih, white
wine ; anggor merah, red wine ;
anggor puf, sampani, champagne ;
satu botol anggor, a bottle of wine ;
satu glas anggor, a glass of wine
Kopi, kahwah, coffee ; buah kopi,
coffee - bean ; kopi dengan susu,
coffee with milk ; tampat kopi,
coffee-pot
Ayer, water ; ayer minum, drinking
water ; ayer baharu, fresh water ;
ayer blanda, mineral water ; ayer
soda, soda water
Bir, beer
Susu, milk
Kapala susu, cream
Sopi, brandi, brandy
Ghokoldt, chocolate
Teh, tea ; teh hitam, black tea ; teh
hijau, green tea
Sopi manis, liqueur
11-13. Clothing
Pakeian,1 clothing
Pakei kain, to dress, put on
clothes
Buka kain, menanggalkan pakeian,
to undress
Kain, cloth, stuff
Ranching, button ; lobang kanching,
button - hole ; menganching, to
button ; membuka, to unbutton
Kain leher, shirt collar
Kain ikat leher, necktie
Kochek, saku, pocket
Spatu, kasut, boot, boot, shoe ;
meiigenakan, to put on, menang-
galkan, to take off boots; sa-
pasang spatu, a pair of shoes
Gharpu, sandals (leather) ; trumpah
(wooden)
Baju, baju kot,jas, coat ; bajupanjang,
frock-coat ; baju panas, overcoat
Tangan baju, coat sleeve
Alas, lining
Seluar, chelana, trousers
Ghelana dalam, drawers
Tali seluar, braces
Tapak, sole
Tumit, heel
Kvlit, leather
1 Pronounced pakvxn,
GRAMMAR
19
12.
Topi, kopxah, chapiu, hat ; memakei
topi, to wear a hat ; buka topi, to
take off the hat
Chermin mata, spectacles
Sarong tangan, gloves ; memakei
sarong tangan, to wear gloves ;
sa-pasang sarong tangan, a pair
of gloves
Orloji, jam, watch, clock ; kunchi
orloji, watch - key ; rantei orloji,
watch-chain ; memutar, to wind
up ; jalan lekds, to be fast ; jalan
lambat, to be slow ; berhenti, to stop
Tampat surat, pocket-book
Tongkat, walking-stick
Pipa, pipe ; kapala, bowl ; batang,
stem ; menghisap pipa, to smoke a
pipe
Chei^utu, cigar ; rokok, the native
cigarette ; minum rokok, hisap
rokok, to smoke tobacco
Tembakau, tobacco ; tembakau meng-
hisap (for smoking) ; tembakau
hidong, snuff
13.
Kain-kain, linen, washing ; kain
kotor, dirty clothes ; salin kain,
to change the linen
Pembasohan, washing (act of)
Dobi, binara, tukang viinatu, laundry-
man
Prahkan, to wring (clothes)
Jemurkan, to dry clothes (in the
sun) ; anginkan (in the air)
Strika, an iron, to iron
Kameja, shirt
Sarong kaki, stockings, socks
Guntmg, scissors
Jahit, menjahit, to sew
Jarum, needle
Didal, sarong jari, thimble
Bendng, thread
Peniti, pin
14-16. The Human ody
Tubuh, badan, body
Muka, face
Kapala, head
Dahi, forehead ; kerut dahi, wrinkles
Lidah, tongue ; hujong lidah, tip of
the tongue
Leher, throat (outside) ; krongkong
(windpipe)
Gusi, gums
Janggut, beard
Chambang, whiskers
Misei, kumis, moustache
Pelipis, temples
Mv.lut, mouth
Langit-langit mulut, palate
Dagu, chin
Baku, shoulder
Blikat, shoulder-blade
Rambut, hair (of the head)
Pipi, cheek
Utak, brain
Mata, eye ; biji mata, eyeball ; bulu
kening, eyebrow ; bulu mata, eye-
lash ; bibir mata, klopak, eyelid ;
anak mata, pupil of the eye ;
pejdm, to shut the eyes ; chelekkan,
to open the eyes
Hidong, nose
Lobang hidong, nostril
Telinga, kuping, ear
Bibir, lip
Gigi, tooth
Leher, neck
Tengkok, nape of the neck
15.
Langan, arm
Tangan, forearm, hand
Tapak, palm of the hand
Siku, elbow
Dada, breast ; susu (female)
Prut, belly
Pahat, thigh
Jantong betis, calf (of leg)
Jari kaki, toe ; ibu kaki, great toe ;
klingking kaki, little toe
Ping gang, waist
Pangkal pahat, hip
20
MALAY MANUAL
Pangku, riba, lap, bosom
Kaki, leg (generally) ; betis (from
knee to ankle)
Jari, finger ; ibu jari, thumb ; jari
telunjuk, forefinger ; jari hantu,
middle-finger ; jari manis, third
finger ; jari klingking, little finger
Hujong jari, tip of the finger
Kukujari, finger-nail
Mata Tcaki, ankle
Tumit, heel
Genggam, fist
Blakang, back
Rusuk, side
Tulang rusuk, rib
Lutut, knee
Kaki, foot ; tapak kaki, sole of the
foot
16.
Anggota, limb
Peluh, perspiration
Darah, blood
Nodi, pulse
Jantong, heart ; hati (as the seat of
the affections)
Kulit, skin
Urat darah, vein
Uratputih, nerve
Nefas, breath
Ayer mata, tear
Muka puchat, paleness
Kalemahan. weakness
Ayer muka, complexion
Sikap, figure ; sikapnya baik juga,
he has a good appearance
Tulang, bone
Isiprut, intestines
Parau-parau, lungs
Prut, stomach
Ludah, spittle
Prijalan, walk, gait
Hati, liver
Rupa, appearance
Kalelahan, weariness, fatigue
Tidor, sleep
17-18. Sickness and Infirmities
Kahidupan, nyawa, haiyat, life
(opposed to death)
Kamatian, maut, death
Sakit gigi, toothache
Sakit kapala, headache
Sakit prut, stomach-ache
Batuk kring, consumption
Sakit berjangkit, infectious disease
Batuk, cough
'Umur, age
Nyaman, sihat, ' djiyat, good health
Sakit, penyakit, illness
Muntah, sickness (vomiting)
Demdm kura, ague
Buang-buang ayer, chirit, diarrhoea
Sampar, plague, epidemic
Selismah, cold in the head ; kend
selismah, to catch cold
Demdm, fever
Ohachar, small-pox
Buang-buang ayer darah, dysentery
Semblit, constipation
Luka, wound
Puru, ulcer
Bisul, boil
Makanan ta' hajam, indigestion
Pengsan, faintness, to faint
Pusing kapala, giddiness
Kudis, itch
Bengkak, swelling
Par at, scar
Sembap, dropsy
18.
Dukun, bomo, doctor (native) ; doktor
(one who practises European
medicine)
Obat, medicine
Tukang obat, chemist
Kadei obat, chemist's shop
Obat-obat, prescription
Sakit, pain
Tuli, pekdk, deaf
Chapek, penchang, tempang, lame
GRAMMAR
21
Ralsasa, giant
Orang pendek-pendek, katek, dwarf
Tabib gigi, dentist
Qbat minum, draught
Obat lumat, powder
Penawar, cure, antidote
Kasembuhan, recovery from illness
Buta, blind
Bisu, dumb
Bongkok, hunchback
19. Time
Waktu, mata, kola, tempo, time
Sa-ratus tahun, century
Waktu yang sekarang ini, present
time ; waktu yang sudah lain, past
time ; waktu yang kemdian, future
time
Bulan, month ; 1 bulan ini, this
month ; bulan lalu, last month ;
bulan dapdn, bulan datang, next
month
Pagi, morning
Tengah hari, stengari, midday
Jam, hour ; sa-tengah jam, half an
hour ; sa-suku jam, quarter of an
hour ; satu jam sa-tengah, an hour
and a half
Sa'at, minit, minute
Sa-kej&p, sekdn, second
Kotika, moment
Oi-ang tuah, old man ; katuahan, old
age ; brapa htmur tuan, how old
are you ?
Ming go, % jum'at, week
Hari, day ; hari ini, to-day
Malam, night ; tengah malam, mid-
night
Petdng, sore, afternoon
Kelmarin, yesterday ; kelmarin
dahulu, day before yesterday
Esok, besok, to-morrow
Lusa, day after to-morrow
20. The Universe
Dunya, the world
Langit dan bumi, the universe
Khalaik, nature, created things
Langit, sky, heaven ; shurga (as the
abode of the blessed)
Bintang, star
Matahari, sun ; matahari naik or
terbit, sunrise ; matahari masuk or
turun, sunset ; chahaya matahari,
sunshine ; sinar matahari, sunbeam
Keldm, darkness
Siang, daylight
Bulan, moon ; chahaya bulan, moon-
shine ; bulan baharu, bulan timbul,
new moon ; bulan pernama, full
moon
Gcrhana, grahana, eclipse
Teduh, shade
Bayang, shadow
Pri hawa, udara, climate
Timur, east ; timur laut, north-east ;
tang gar a, south-east
Selatan, south ; barat daya, south-
west
TJtara, north ; barat laut, north-west
Barat, west
21. Wbjlther and Natural Phenomena
Hawa, udara, air, atmosphere
Nyala, flame
A sap, smoke
A wan, cloud
Ribut, storm
Angin, wind
Api, fire
Bunga api, sparks, fireworks
Huap, uwap, steam
Musim, tempo, weather, season of
the year
Chuacha, fine weather
Kabut, mist
Ayer, water
Titek, drop
Salj, salju, snow
1 The names of the months, of the days of the week, and the method of
expressing the hours of the dav will be found in the Oraminar.
2 Malays generally um tuju hari (seven days).
22
MALAY MANUAL
Panas, kapanasan, heat
Dingin, kadinginan, cold
Rebia, spring, spring
Musim panas, summer
Musim buahbuahan, kharif, autumn
Musim dingin, winter
Hujan, rain; musim hujan, rainy
season ; hujan lebdt, heavy rain ;
hujan rintek-rintek, light rain
Musim panas, kamarau, dry season
Hujan batu, hail
Embun, dew
Gumpah burnt, earthquake
22. The Earth
Kumi, arth
Buttub, pole
Binatang (twelve animals), signs of
the zodiac
Tanah besdr, mainland
Batu taut, rock
Khatt istivxi, equator
Darajat, degree
Pantei, tepi laut, shore, coast
Pulau, island
Danau, kolam, tasek, lake, pond
Paya, swamp
Ounong, mountain
Kamunchak, top (of mountain)
Kaki, foot (of mountain)
Gunonggunongan, mountain -range
Padang, plain (open country as
opposed to jungle)
Pasir, sand
Seldt, strait
Tebing, tepi, bank (of river)
Arongan, ford
Tambangan, ferry
Ampang, dam
Guah, cave
Belantara, desert
Ombak, wave
Karang, reef, coral
Bahagian bumi, zone
Laut, sea
Lautan, ocean
-4ycr Sim**, ebb
Ayer pasang, flow
Hutan, utan, forest, jungle
BuHt, hill
,/ato sempit, pass
Gunong berapi, volcano
Tanah, land ; (tom< (opposed to
water)
Teluk, bay, gulf
Sungei, river
Kuala, mouth (of river)
Jfata ayer, source, spring
Ayer terjun, waterfall
Lembah, valley
Debu, lebu, dust
23. The Family
Bapd, father
lbu, mak, mother
Sudara laki-laki, brother
Sudara perampuan, sister
Kakak, elder sister
Adek, younger sister
Anak laki-laki, son
Anak perampuan, daughter
Kaum kalurga, sanak, relatives
Mak muda, mak sudara, aunt
Bapa sudara, mama sudara, uncle
Anak sudara, nephew
Anak sudara peramvuan, niece
Sudara sa-pupu, cousin
Ipar, brother - in - law (by sister) ;
biros (by wife)
Ipar perampuan, sister-in-law
Anak, child
Kanak-kanak, small child, infant
Kahwin^ marriage, to marry; ber-
istrikan (of the man), berlakikan
(of the woman)
Wasiat, will, testament
Waris, yang mendapat pusaka, heir
Pusaka, inheritance
Nenek laki-laki, grandfather
Nenek perampuan, grandmother
Chuchu laki-laki, grandson
Chuchu perampuan, granddaughter
Mentua laki-laki, father-in-law
Mentua perampuan, mother-in-law
Bapa tiri, step-father
lbu tiri, step-mother
Laki, suami, husband
Bini, istri, wife
Piatu, yetim, orphan
Janda laki-laki, widower
Janda perampuan, widow
Orang gaji, pelayan, servant
Sa'is, kusir, groom, coachman,
GRAMMAR
23
24. Instruction
Pengajaran, instruction
Guru, pengajar, teacher
Pdajar, murid, pupil
Huruf, letters of the alphabet
Baris, vowel mark
Kartas, paper ; kartas sa-lei, sheet
of paper; kartas suratj writing
paper ; kartas kembang, blottiug-
paper
Muka, page
Salin, to copy ; salinan, copy
Skolah, maktab, school
Kata, word, to say
Kdimah, sentence
Eja, syllable
Sebutan, lidah, bunyi, pronunciation
Pembacha-an, reading
Tulisan, writing
Tinta, dawat, ink ; tampat tinta, ink-
stand
Kalam, penna, pen, pen
Patlut, pensil, pencil
25. Amusements, Art
Permainan, amusement, games
Main bola, billiards
Main dadu, dice-throwing
Permainan undi, casting lots
Untong, laba, winnings
Rugi, loss
Tari, dancing
Main chatur, chess ; raja, king ;
mantri, queen ; gajah, bishop ;
kuda, knight ; tir, caatle ; bidak,
pawn ; sah, check ; mat, mate
Dam, choki, draughts
Rumah wayang, theatre ; wayang,
performance ; main wayang, to act
Bunyi-bunyian, music
Nafiri, trumpet
illmu, hikmat, art, knowledge
Pandei memahat, pengukir, carver,
sculptor
Penults, pandei menulis gambar,
painter
Gambar, picture
Tulis, to draw, sketch ; tulisan,
drawing
Bangsi, suling, flute
Nyanyian, song ; nyanyi, to sing
26. The State
Bangsa, nation, people
Orang asing, foreigner
Orang sa - negri, native, towns-
man
Orang dusun, countryman (opposed
to dweller in town)
Raja, king
Raja perampuan, queen
Karaja-an, kingdom
Makhota, taj, crown
Orang bangsawan, nobleman (by
birth)
Parentahan, government
Mantri, minister ; perdana mantri,
prime minister
I si negri, anak ray at, inhabitants
Negri bapa, fatherland
Hamba, patek, slave
Maharaja, emperor (great king)
Putra, prince ; putri, princess
Raja muda, heir apparent
Takhta, singgahsana, throne
Jawat, office, post ; penjawat, official
Gubernur, governor
Daira, jajahan, province
Polis, police ; mala-mata, policeman ;
rumah pasong, police station
Dusun, kampong, village
Chukei, tax, toll
Orang minta sadakah, beggar
27. Justice, Law
Ka adilan, justice
Aniaya, injustice
Hakim, judge
ffukum judgment, sentence
Tuduhan, accusation
Penuduh, accuser
Pembunuhan, murder ; pembunuh^
murderer
24
MALAY MANUAL
Kachurian, theft
Orang penchuri, thief
Pertanda, executioner
Tiang gantungan, gallows
Undang-undang, law
Tampat hukum, bichara, law court
Penangkapan, arrest ; tangkap, to
arrest
Dosa, salah, crime, offence
Orang salah, criminal, convict
Penulung bichara, advocate
Bunuh diri, suicide
Rachun, poison
Siksa, punishment
Ampun, pardon
Panjara, jel, prison
28. Travelling
Kapal, ship
Naik kapal, to embark
Turun darat, to disembark
Prahu, boat
Kurung, kamar, cabin
Kareta, kreta, coach, cab
Rumah chukei, custom-house
Peti, hopper, box, trunk
Jalan besi, railway
Rd, rails
Kapal api, steamer
Pelayaran, voyage
Karam, shipwreck
Perjalanan, journey
Sampei, to arrive
Jalan, berangkat, to set out
Surat kareta api, ticket, ticket
Barang-barang, luggage
Surat pass, passport
Kareta api, locomotive, train
29. Tradb
Bemyaga, mennyaga, trade, commerce
Orang dagang, sudagar, merchant
Borong, wholesale
Jagalan, retail
Barang, goods
Kira-kira, bill, account
Surat betul, resit, receipt
Surat, letter
Sarona surat, envelope
Kapaia raja, stamp, stamp
Bilik tulis, kantor, ofis, office
Kadei, shop
Jualan, sale
Lelong, auction
Blian, purchase
Bayaran, payment
Pekerja-an, pencharian, occupation,
trade, means of livelihood
Tukang, workman, artisan
Kerja, work
Perkakas, tools
Tukang l kareta, carriage maker
Besi, blacksmith
Paku, nail maker ; paku, nail ; paku
skrup, screw
Pisau, cutler
FaktUr, invoice
Blanja, expenses
Lak, sealing-wax
Wang yang disimpan, savings ; sim-
pan, to save, put by
Tukang wang, cashier
Tukang tulcar wang, money-changer
Timbangan, scales
Hutang, debt
Pihutang, credit
Wang, money ; wang kechU, change ;
wang kartas, paper money, cheque
A ma's, mas, gold
Perak, silver
Tembaga, copper, brass
Tradbs
Spatu, shoemaker
Jahit, tailor
Kacha, glazier
Kayu, carpenter
Almari, joiner
Tong, cooper
Besi kuda, farrier ; landasan, anvil ;
pemukul, martil, hammer ; pengum-
ous, bellows
TenUn, weaver
1 Tukang, answering to the termination -er (painter, baker), is to be
supplied before all the remaining nouns in this section,
GRAMMAR
25
Samak, tanner
Topi, hatter
Chukur, barber
Roti, baker
Pengilinggan, miller
Priuk, potter
Chap, printer
Orloji, jam, watchmaker
Chat, painter
Daging, butcher
Bir, brewer
Amds, goldsmith
Minatu, washerman
Kabun, gardener
Jilid buku, bookbinder
Jual buku, bookseller
81. Agriculture
Perusahan tanah, agriculture
Orang dusun, countryman, peasant
Tenggala, plough
Penuwe - an, harvest ; menuwe,
menabes, to reap
Jerami, straw
Kawan, herd
Gombala, herdsman, shepherd
Pemburuan, hunting ; orang pemburu,
a hunter
Kabun, garden, plantation
Baja, manure
Benih, biji, seed
Sabit, sickle
Bang sal, shed
Padang rumput, meadow
Kandang, stall (for cattle) ; bangsal
kuda, stal, stable (for horses)
Pagar, hedge, fence
Changkul, hoe (large, used for
digging)
Penggali, spade
Sikat tanah, meradu, rake, harrow
32, 33. Animals, Birds, Fishes, Insects
Binatang, animal
Kvlit, skin
Munyet, kerd, monkey
Bruang, bear
Anjing, dog
Kuching, cat
Earimau, tiger
Tikus, rat, mouse
Landak, porcupine
Oajah, elephant ; gading, tusk,
ivory ; belalei, trunk
Babi, pig
Onta, camel
Kambing, goat
Bulu, hair
Tkur, ekor, tail
Klawar, bat
Kluang, vampire
Ghirg, wolf
Singa, lion ; bulu tengkok, mane ;
kuku, claw
Kwelu, hare
Tupei, squirrel
Badak, rhinoceros
Kuda ayer, hippopotamus
Kaldei, ass
Rusa, stag
Kuda, horse ; kuku, hoof ; bulu
tengkok, mane
Lembu, sapi, ox
Biri-biri, domba, sheep
Ikanpaus, whale
33.
Burong, bird ; sarang burong, bird's
nest ; sayap, wing ; paruh, beak ;
bulu, feather
Mtrpati, pigeon (tame); punai
(wild)
Eayam Blanda, turkey
Onta, ostrich
Bangau, stork
Undan, crane
Itek, duck
Ikan, fish ; tidang, bone ; tel6rt roe ;
sisek, scales
Belut, eel
Ular, snake
Penyu, katung, turtle
Kura-kura, labi-labi, tortoise
Buaya, crocodile
Pengail, fisherman ; kail, mmgail,
MALAY MANUAL
to fish with a rod, menjala (with a
net) ; kail, hook ; tali kail, line ;
joran, rod ; umpan, bait
Kumbang, beetle
Leb&h, bee ; singat, sting ; madu,
honey ; indok madu, honeycomb
Krawei, tabuan, wasp, hornet
Helang, lang, hawk, falcon
Raja-wali, eagle
Hantu, pungguk, owl
Nuri, parroquet
Pipit, sparrow
Gagak, crow
Hayam jantan, cock ; kukuk, to
crow ; hayam betina, hen
Angsa, goose
Kupu-Jcupu, butterfly
Hulat bulut caterpillar
Nyamok, mosquito
Agas, gnat
Lalat, fly
Kala-jenking, scorpion
Unam, snail
Hulat, ulat, cJiaching, worm
Chichek, lizard (common house)
Katak, kuduk, frog
Hudang, shrimp
Hudang gala, lobster
Ketdm, kapiting, crab
Tiram, oyster
Semut, ant ; awei - cmei (white) ;
kerangga (large red)
Bilalang, locust
Laba-laba, spider ; sarang laba-laba,
spider's web
Hulat sutra, silkworm
34. Plants
Tumbuh-tumbuhan, tanaman, plants
Pokok, tree ; batang, trunk ; akar,
root ; kulvtt bark ; dahan, chabang,
branch ; daun, leaf ; bung a,
blossom ; buah, fruit
Pokok yang berbuah, fruit-tree
Pisang, banana
Dalima, pomegranate
Ara, tig
Sukun, bread-fruit
Pinang, betel- nut
Kayu manis, cinnamon
Bambu, bamboo
Jagong, maize
Rotan, rattan
Ubi Jdadi, yam
Bayam, spinach
KacJiang, peas, beans
Lobak, radish
Tembikei, water-melon
Klapa, coco-nut
Khurma, date
Limau asam, lemon
Limau manis, orange
Limau nipis, lime
Mangga, mango
Badam, almonds
Sagu, sago
Tebu, sugar-cane
Padi, rice (in the husk) ; bras (un-
husked); nasi (boiled)
Pala, nutmeg
Kapas, cotton
Ubi, potato
Kobis, kol, cabbage
Bawang, onion
Chendawan, mushroom
Tarum, indigo (plant) ; nila (dye)
Apiun, ajiun, madat, opium
Kapur barus, camphor
Kayu arang, ebony
Gandum, trigu, corn ; berkas, shea
35. Minerals
Galian, mine
Perak, silver
Baja, steel
Timah hitam, lead
Tembaga Joining, brass
Besi berani, magnet
Batu berani, loadstone
Jntan, diamond
Yakut, ruby, hyacinth
Rapur, lime ; Jcapur mati, slaked
Ujae ; Jcapur tohor, quicklime
Sendawa, saltpetre
Tanah liat, clay
Tembaga merah, copper
Timah putih, tin
Timah sari, zinc
Raksa, ay er perak, quicksilver
Batu, stone
Zamrud, emerald
Pualam, marmar, marble
Baler ang, sulphur
Tawas, alum.
GRAMMAR 27
Adjective
Adjectives follow the noun, and are indeclinable : rumah besdr
(the large house) ; but segala (all), banyak (many), lain (other),
sedikit (little) precede the noun.
The comparative is formed by prefixing lebih (sometimes la^i)
(more), and kurang (less) : lebih manis (sweeter) ; kurang besdr
(smaller).
" Than " is rendered by deri (deri-pada) : lebih manis deri madu
(sweeter than honey) ; ini kurang besdr deri itu (this is not as big
as that) ; or (as in Hindustani and Turkish) the object with which
the comparison is made may be put in the ablative, the adjective
remaining unchanged and preceding the objects compared : besdr
kuching deri tikus (the cat is larger than the mouse).
" As . . . as" is expressed by sama . . . dengan : tuan sama pandei
dengan sahaya (you are as clever as I am). In contrasting two
comparisons makan . . . makan is used : makan lama . . . makan
jahat (the longer . . . the worse).
The superlative is formed : —
(1) By prefixing ter- : ter-besdr (very large, largest).
(2) By placing banyak, amat, terlalu, sang at before the adjective,
or sakali after it. More than one of these words are often
used with the same adjective (cp. the most highest in
English).
(3) By reduplication, sa- being usually prefixed : tinggi-tinggi
(the highest), sa-adil-adil raja (the most just king).
(4) By the use of the comparative construction : thus, " this
is the best of all" may be translated as "this is better
(good) than all," baik ini deri samua.
Some Common Adjectives
Tidal ada, ghaib, absent Hitam manis, brown
Takut, afraid Lalei, careless
Marah, angry Wang tunei, kontan, cash, in ready
Jahat, bad (wicked) money
Tidak baik, bad (not good) Tantu, certain
Botak, gundul, bald Murah, cheap
Tang berhenti bayar, bankrap, bank- Nasrani, Christian
rupt Bersih, bresih, clean
Pahit, bitter Sejuk, dingin (of weather), cold
Hitam, black Betul, correct, true
Buta, blind Kurang brani, penyakit, cowardly
Biru, blue Bcngkok, crooked
Tumpul, kurang tajam, blunt Olap, dark
Brani, brave Math, dead
Lebar, broad ' Tuliy dea.f
28
MALAY MANUAL
Mahdl, dear (not cheap)
Dalam, deep
Susah, payah, difficult
Kotor, dirty
Masak, done (of food)
Kring, dry
Bisu, dumb
Wolanda, Dutch
Siang, early
Mudah, easy
Kosongy empty, hollow
Inggris, English
Bohong, tiada betul, false
Meshhur, famous
Jauh, far
Lekds, fast
Oemdk, tambun, fat
Perampuan, female
Harus, patut, fitting, suitable
Bodoh, foolish
A sing, foreign
Bebas, free
Baharu, bharu, fresh
Penuh, full
Baik, good
ffijau, green
Klabu, grey
Bogus, handsome, beautiful
Kras, hard
Brat, heavy
Tinggi, high
Panas, hot
Lapar, hungry
Malas, idle
Bebdl, ignorant
Sahit, ill
Rajin, industrious
Besdr, large
Lambat, late
JTwr, left
Rengan, light (not heavy)
Trang, light (not dark)
Sa-rupa, rupa samay like
Hidup, living
Panjang, long (in space)
Lama, long (of time)
Kwat, loud
Rendah, low
6ri7a, mad
Laki-laki, male
Malayu, Malayan
Telanjang, naked
Sempit, sesak, narrow
Dekdt, near
Harus, wajib, necessary
Baharu, bharu, new
Bangsawan, berbangsa, noble (by
birth)
Tuah, old (aged)
Lama, old (of things)
Terbuka, open
icm, other, different
Puchat, pale
Meskin, papa, poor
TJngu, purple
Sedia, ready
Merah, red
Kaya, rich
Kanan, right (of direction)
Masak, ripe
Kasap, rough
Bulat, round
Chetek, shallow
Tajam, sharp
Pendek, short
Tertutup, shut
Chondong, slanting
Mengantok, sleepy
Lambat, perlahan, slow
KechU, small
Lichin, smooth
Lembut, soft
Asam, masam, sour
Lanchong, spurious (money)
Ampat persagi, square
Busuk, stale (of food)
Lurus, trus, straight
Kwat, strong
Chukup, sufficient
Manis, sweet
Te&dZ, thick (not thin)
Nipis, thin (of substances)
Kurus, thin (lean)
Haus, thirsty
Leldh, tired
Kurang bagus, huduh, ugly
2Va MsaA, unnecessary
Muda, unripe
Berguna, useful
Tiada berguna, useless
Adat, usual
Indah-indah, valuable
Berwarna, variegated
Lemdh, weak
ifcu&, well
Basah, wet, damp
Putih, white
Kuning, yellow
Muda, young
GRAMMAR 29
Pronouns
Personal
There are many equivalents of the pronouns I and You. Their
use depends partly upon locality, partly upon the rank of the
speaker or the person spoken to.
I : Sahaya (sahya), aku, hamba, hamba tuan, patek, teman, beta.
Of these sahya is the form generally used by Europeans and
the upper class of natives ; aku chiefly in writing and by natives
of equal rank ; hamba (slave), hamba tuan (master's slave), by
inferiors to superiors, or politely by persons of rank ; patek and
teman by natives, the former by inferiors to their social or official
superiors, the latter between persons of equal rank. Beta is con-
fined to the written language. In a direct statement "I" is
frequently omitted, and the sentence made impersonal, e.g. : hendak
hujan rupa-nya (I think it will rain ; lit., it will rain, it seems) ;
khabar-nya (the news is) instead of sahaya dengar (I hear).
You (singular) : tuan or angkau (to inferiors). Kau, ang, hang,
mika, kita, kwe, awah are local forms. Tuan (master, sir),
nonya or mem (madam), nonna (miss) are the ordinary
moaes of addressing Europeans. Angkau should be
avoided where possible, and, generally speaking, pronouns
of the 2nd person may be omitted unless absolutely
necessary. In speaking to servants the name of the
person addressed is frequently substituted for the pronoun.
Various terms are used in addressing persons of different
social status.1
The proper use of these different equivalents and modes of address
can only be learnt by practice and intercourse with natives. The
European should confine himself to sahya, tuan, and angkau (to
inferiors, when necessary).
We : kita (kita orang), and kami (kami orang), the latter
excluding the person addressed.
You (plural) : the same as for you (singular), usually with
the addition of an indefinite numeral to denote the
plural ; kamu (kamu orang), in addressing inferiors.
He, she, it : dia (less commonly ia).
They : dia orang. Marika - itu is confined to the written
language.
1 See Maxwell, Manual qf the Malay Language, pp. 50, 75.
30 MALAY MANUAL
Possessive
The possessive pronouns are generally expressed by the simple
genitive construction —
Kuda sahaya, my horse Kuda kita, our horse
Kuda tuan or angkau, your (sing.) horse Kuda kamu, your horse
Kuda dia, his or her horse Kuda dia orang, their horse
The construction with punya (see Declension) is also used : sahaya
punya kuda (my horse) ; tuan punya kuda (your horse). The first
method is preferable, except in translating " mine," etc. " Your " is
frequently omitted in conversation.
Certain suffixes are also used to express the possessive pronouns
singular —
Kuda-ku, my horse
Kuda-mu, your horse
Kuda-nya, his, her (its), horse.
Of these -hi, -mu are confined to the written language, but
~nya is in common use (especially in the passive construction)
for plural as well as singular.
Substantive possessive pronouns are expressed as follows : herta
ini herta hamba (these things are mine ; lit., things these things
of me).
Demonstrative
This, these, ini : that, those, itu9 more correctly placed after
the noun. Ini and itu are frequently added to adverbs and
pronouns : sekarang ini, (just now) ; aku ini (I myself, it is I).
Interrogative
Who? siapa 1 — kuda siapa 1 (whose horse?) sama siapa 2 (to
whom?) ulih siapa? (by whom?).
What ? apa ? — Apa (tuan) mau ? (what do you want ?).
Apa is often used to introduce an interrogative sentence : apa tuan
minta itu? (do you want that?) The adjectival interrogatives,
which ? what ? what sort of ? are also expressed by siapa (of persons)
and apa (of things).
Siapa orang itu ? What sort of a man is that ?
Siapa nama orang ini ? What is the name of this man ?
A pa nama negri ini ? What is the name of this country 1
Mana (properly meaning where ?) is also used to express the
adjectival interrogative pronoun.
GRAMMAR Si
Relative
Who, which, is yang, placed after the word to which it refers :
raja yang adil (a king who is just). An idiomatic relative con-
struction (found also, e.g., in Arabic and Modern Greek) should
be noticed. When in English the relative is in the possessive
case or governed by a preposition, a corresponding personal or
possessive pronoun must be added at the end of the sentence in
the case required for the relative.
Thus, "the king whose kingdom is very great" should be
translated, raja yang terlalu besdr karajaan - nya (the king who
very great his kingdom) ; " the man to whom the king gives
money," orang yang raja kasih wang sama dia (the man who the
king gives money to him) ; " the man of whom I speak," orang
yang sahaya kata deripada-nya (the man who I speak of him).
Reflexive
"Self" is expressed by sendiri (kendiri), dirt. They are used with
or without the personal pronouns in the sense of myself, yourself,
etc. Dm precedes, sendiri follows the pronoun, and is always
used when the pronoun refers to the subject of the sentence : ia
pukul ia sendiri (he strikes himself). Instead of diri sahaya, diri
dia, etc., the possessive suffixes -ku, -nya, etc., are frequently used :
anak diri-mu (your own child).
Indefinite
Other : lain.
Some : bebrapa, barang -barang.
Something : barang apa, satu apa
Any : barang ; anybody, barang siapa ; anything, barang apa.
Every (each) : sa-sa-orang, masing-masing, sa-satu.
Every one : segala orang, sa-barang orang.
Some one : sa-orang, barang sa-orang.
One, they (German, man ; French, on) : orang, orang-orang.
Nothing : tiada apa, satu pun tidak.
No one : sa-orang tiada, sa-satu tiada.
Whoever : barang siapa.
Whatever : barang apa, barang sa-satu, barang yang.
Verbs
The verb in Malay undergoes no alteration to denote mood, tense,
number, or person. It is radical, originally a verb (makan, to eat) ;
or derivative, formed from verbs, nouns, adjectives, by means of
32 MALAY MANUAL
prefixes or suffixes : jalan (a road), menjalan (to travel), bini (a wife),
ber-bini (to have a wife, be married), buta (blind), mem-buta-kan (to
make blind). The verb is generally translated by the infinitive,
although its meaning is really indefinite, and is defined by its
position in the sentence, or by particles placed before or after.
The tenses (where necessary) are denoted by auxiliaries, and the
persons need not be expressed.
Derivative Verbs
The chief derivative particles are the prefixes me- (with its
modifications mem-, men-, meng-, meny- : see page 10), ber-, ter-, and
the suffixes -lean and -i.
Derivatives are extremely frequent in the written language and
in polite conversation, but far less common in the language of the
lower classes.
Me- (mem-, men-, meng-, meny-) prefixed to verbs and other words,
forms verbs which express an action as opposed to a state or
condition. As a rule, when the verb has a possible transitive
application, the derivative is transitive.
As a general rule, in the written language, every Malay radical
prefixes me-, whenever it takes an object, but this does not hold
good in commercial or ordinary colloquial language : minum (to
drink, meminum (to drink water, etc.) ; jaga (to watch), menjaga
(to guard) ; luka (a wound), melulca (to wound) ; dekat (near),
mendekat (to approach) ; habis (finished), menghabis (to complete) ;
balik (behind, back), membalik (to return, give back).
Ber-, on the other hand, forms intransitives, denoting a state or
condition, which therefore never have an object. They are really
adjectives to which " to be * must be supplied : suami (a husband),
bersuami (having a husband, to be married) ; habis (finished),
berhabis (to be finished) ; pukul (to beat), berpukul (beating, to
beat).1
The suffix -kan forms the so-called Gausatives, which, if transi-
tive, in good style also take the prefix me-. Colloquially this
meaning is generally expressed by other verbs, suruh (order),
bekin (make), kasih (give). Buat (to do), buat-kan (to do something
to somebody, -kan being really a shortened form of akan) ; ada
Sto be), mengadakan (to create) ; datang (to come), mendatangkan
to 'make any one come) ; What (to see), melihatkan (to make any
one see something) ; kaya (rich), mengayakan (to enrich) ; anugrah
(a present), menganugrahkan (to make a present of something).
The suffix -i (generally with me- verbs) forms transitives : kras
(hard), krasi (to treat hardly) ; baik (good), membaiki (to make good,
i Without an object. " To beat him" would be translated by memukul or
pufad dia.
GRAMMAR 33
improve) ; anugrah (a present), menganugrahi (to make some one a
present) ; datang (to come), mendatangi (to reach a place) ; naung
(shade), menaungi (to protect). It also forms doubly transitive
verbs when added to a verb already transitive : buka pintu, open
the door ; buka-i hamba pintu, open me the door (with double
accusative).
Active Voice
A number of auxiliaries are used (where necessary) to express
tenses or various shades of meaning.
Ada : is, are ; tiada : is not, are not, will not.
Habt) was> did> has> had'
Akan \
Mau \ will, shall, would, should.
Hendakj
Jadi : is, was, became, become.
Daptt} can' could' may' might*
Patut : ought.
Biyar : let .
These and other similar words precede the verb, but may be
placed either before or after the subject of the sentence.
The tense of the verb standing alone is indefinite, but if it is
clear from the context that present, past, or future time is intended,
the auxiliaries need not be used : thus, I went yesterday, I shall go
to-morrow, can be simply rendered, I go yesterday, to-morrow.
Present. — If it be desired to lay special stress on the fact that a
person is engaged in doing something, that an action is going on
(I am breakfasting, they a*re sleeping), the particles ada, lagi (still),
sekarang (now), may be used : sahaya ada tidor, lagi tidor, tidor
sekarang (I am sleeping). The Present Participle may also be
expressed by lagi (lagi tidor, sleeping), or by sambil, serta (while),
or seraya (at the same time).
Imperfect. — May be expressed in much the same way : apabila
dia datang, sahaya ada tidor (when he came, I was sleeping).
Sometimes -lah is added to the verb, which then precedes the
pronoun : diam-lah dia oVang (they were silent).
Perfect. — Sudah, habis, lalu, teldh (written language) may be
inserted before the verb ; sahaya sudah tidor (I slept or have
siept).
C
34 MALAY MANUAL
Pluperfect — Expressed like the perfect, sudah habis being often
used together.
Future. — Expressed by mau, hendak, nant% akcm : dia mau jual
(he will sell) ; nanti sahaya chart (I am going to look for).
Past Future. — Expressed, like the pluperfect, by two particles :
nanti sahaya sudah makan (I shall have eaten).
Imperative. — Expressed by the radical standing alone, or -lah may
be added for the sake of emphasis : masuk didalam ! (come in ! ) ;
lalu ! (get out of the way ! ) ; halau rnau pergi, pergilah ! (if you
want to go, go ! ). It is often introduced by sila, minta, choba
(please) ; silakan duduk diatas krusi (please sit down, lit., on a
chair). It is negatived by jangan : jangan lupa (don't forget) ;
jangan pergi (don't go) ; suruh dia jangan pergi (tell him not
to go).
"To" before the infinitive (e.g.} he came to ask for money) is
not expressed.
Passive Voice
The passive is denoted by the prefix di-, the me- prefix of the
active being dropped. The noun or pronoun expressing the agent
is as a rule simply placed after the verb ; dian sudah habis dimakan
tikus (the candle has been eaten by the mice) ; rumah dimakan api
(the house was consumed by fire) ; sahaya dipukul orang (I was
beaten by men). The use of the suffix -nya (by him, by her, by
them) is also common in this construction : ditangkapnya churi f
(the thief was seized by him) ; dilihatnya sa-ikur kerd (he saw a
monkey) ; disuruhnya (he ordered ; lit., it was ordered by him).
A sort of passive participle is formed from transitive verbs by
the prefix ter- : tertulis (written) ; terpukul (struck) ; terlihat (seen).
A substantive passive participle is formed by prefixing ka- and
suffixing -an: kalihatan} that which is seen (see on "Derivative
Nouns ").
to be and to have
When "to be" is a simple copula, it is generally omitted : rumah
banyak besdr (the house is very large) ; kartas ini kasar (this paper
is coarse). But if it is used in an impersonal sense, "there is,"
" there are," it should be expressed by ada : ada banyak orang
didalam rumah (there are many people in the house) ; duini ada
satu karda (here is a cab).
GRAMMAR 35
Ada, by itself or with a preposition, is also the usual way of
expressing " to have M : tuan ada kuda bagus, or ada kuda bogus
pada (sama) tuan (you have a fine horse).
MUST, LET, OUGHT, CAN, COULD, WOULD, SHOULD
Must, harus (it is necessary) : harus tuan turut dia (you must
obey him) ; mau-lah : mau-lah bayar tunei or kontdn (you
must pay cash) ; to? bulih tiada buat (you must, lit., cannot
not do it) ; misti, musti (vulgar) : sahya misti tulis surat
(I must write a letter).
Let, biyar (permit) : biyar sahaya dengar (let me hear) ; kasih
(give) : kasih sahaya lihat (let me see) ; bri (give) : kalau
sudah sedia, bri tahu sahaya (when you are ready, let
me know).
Ought, patut : tidak patut buat ini (you ought not to do this).
Can, bulih (to be able) : apa sahaya bulih dapat kamar ? (can
I have a room ? ) ; tahu (know how to) : dia tahu bacha ?
(can he read ? ) ; lalu : sahaya ta} lalu buat (I cannot do it).
Could, Should, Would : apa rnau buat, kalau bulih? (what
would you do, if you could ? ) ; sahaya mau juga buat,
kalau bulih (I would do it if I could) ; belum juga dia
mati kalau sudah angkau buat dahulu (he would not have
died, if you had done this before) ; kalau tuan datang (if
you should come) ; patut ada sa-puluh (there should have,
ought to have been ten) ; sahaya suka juga bli, kalau ada
wang sahaya (I would buy it, if I had money).
In ordinary conversation, however, long compound sentences
should be avoided ; thus, instead of "If I had had money, I should
have gone yesterday," it is better to say, " I wanted to go yesterday,
but I had no money." Much is left to the imagination, and the
simpler and more elliptical the form of the sentence, the more idiomatic
and intelligible it is likely to be.
One of the chief difficulties of Malay is the use of different words
to express special shades of meaning in the case of such common
verbs as go, take, strike, see, speak, carry, where in English the one
word can be used indifferently. These can only be learnt by
practice (see Maxwell, Manual of the Malay Language, p. 120).
36
MALAY MANUAL
Some Common Verbs
The prefix me- and its modifications, usually found in the written
language, are here omitted.
Tertawa, laugh
Blajar, learn
Tinggalkan, leave
Bri pinjam, lend
Bri sewa, let (for hire)
Biyar, let (permit)
Suka, like
Hidup, live
Hilang, lose
Bulih, may
Hams, dapat tiada, (misti), must
Unjuk, offer
Buka, open
Berhutang, owe
Bayar, pay
J5W tujfen, sukakan, please
Janji, promise
Taruh, put
Bacha, read
Tarima, trima, receive, accept
Sambut, receive (in the hands, a
guest)
Ingat, recollect
Sahid, jawab, reply, answer
Kata, say
Lihat, see
Chahari, chart, seek
.TwaZ, sell
Kirim, send
Chukur, shave
Duduk, sit
Tidor, sleep
Hisap (minum) roko, smoke (tobacco)
Chakap, tutur, speak
Berhenti, brenti, stop
Ambit, take ; 6awa pergi, take away
Trima kasih, thank
Pikir, kira, think
Jabat, touch
Satin, terjamah, translate
Berjalan, travel
Ohoba, try
Mengarti, understand
Nanti, tungguh, wait
Berjalan-jalan, makan angin, pasear,
take a walk
Hendak, mau, want, wish
Basoh, chuchi, wash
Bekerja, buat kerja, work
ZWif, write
Sampei, arrive
Tanya, ask
Mandi, bathe
^4c?a, be
•/arfi, become
Perchaya (akan), believe, trust (in)
Midai, begin
Minta pinjam, borrow
Pechdh, patah, break
Bawa, bring
/Si&a£, brush
2#i, buy
Panggil, call
Bulih, can, be able
Tukar, change (money)
Salinkan, change (clothes)
Pikul, carry (on back)
Suchi, chuchi, bekin bresih, clean
Tutup, close, shut
Datang, come
Masak, cook
Putting, cut
Pm7* {pigi), depart
Hendak, desire
ilfatfi, die
.Bwa^, bekin, do, make
Pakei kain, dress
Minum, drink
Makan, eat
Masuk, enter
Nantikan, expect, wait for
Jatuh, fall
i^asa, feel
lsikan, fill
Dapat, find
Ztofft, tfcu*, follow
Larang, forbid
Lupa, forget
Ampunkan, forgive
Dapat, get
2?W, &<m'/i, give
Per#i (fflfrt), go ; i?er#i kluar, go out
Dengar, hear
Tulung, help
Harap, hope
2?W or femA- fo&w, inform
Simpan, keep (take care of, save up)
Ta^M, know (understand)
Kendt, know (be acquainted with)
Tahan last
GRAMMAR 37
Interrogative and Negative Sentences
In conversation, the tone of the voice is generally sufficient to
indicate a question ; sometimes, however, apa ? (what ?) is used
as an interrogative expletive, or kah may be added to any word
on which special stress is to be laid : tuan apa baik ? (are you
well ?) ; bulih-kah tuan datang ? (can you come i).
The use of the affirmative particle ya (yes) is generally avoided,
the verb or some emphatic word being repeated : sudah tutup pintu ?
(have you shut the door ?) : sudah (I have) ; besdr-kah rumah tuan ?
(is your house large V) : besdr (it is large) ; angkau orang Malayu ?
(are you a Malay ?) : sahaya (I am). Sahaya is often used in the
polite sense of " Yes, sir," " All right " — panggil kareta sewa ! (call
a cab !) : sahaya (yes, sir).
The negative particles are tidak, tiada (abbreviated form ta\ t'ada,
and also found as trada, tra\ bukan, jangan, belitm (beldn).
Jangan has already been noticed in speaking of the imperative.
Tidak is the usual direct negative reply: tuan minum roko?
(do you smoke ?) : tidak (no).
If the sentence contains an auxiliary, this is generally repeated
with td : tahukah menyurat ? (do you know how to write '?) : taJ
tahu (I don't know) ; bulihkah datang? (can you come ?) : tot bulih
(I can't).
As a rule, however, the native avoids a direct negative by the
use of non-committal phrases.
Bukan is more emphatic than tidak, and is used alone or
with kah in the sense of "is not," "is it not? tuan
orang inggris ? (are you an Englishman ?) : bukan (certainly
not) ; inilah rumah dia atau bukan ? (is this his house
or not ?).
Bdum (not yet) implies a probability of the action negatived
eventually taking place : sahaya belum habis makan (I
have not yet eaten).
Numerals
Cardinals
1 satu, sa, suatu 6 anam
2 dua 7 tuju
3 tiga 8 d'lapan
4 ampat 9 sembilan
5 lima 10 sapuluh (one ten)
38 MALAY MANUAL
From 11 to 19, the digits add belas (bias) :
11 sablas 16 anam bias
12 dua bias 17 tuju bias
13 tiga bias 18 d'lapan bias
14 ampat bias 19 sembilan bias
15 lima bias
20 to 90 add puluh (ten) to the digits :
20 dua puluh (two tens) 60 anam puluh
30 tiga puluh 70 tuju puluh
40 ampat puluh 80 dflapan puluh
50 lima puluh 90 sembilan puluh
21, 22, 23, etc., are formed by adding the units : dua puluh satu,
dua puluh dua, dua puluh tiga, and so on.
21 to 29 are sometimes (especially in dates) expressed by likur :
sa-likur (one and a score), dua likur (two and a score).
100 sa-ratus (one hundred)
200 dua ratus
300 tiga ratus, and so on
1,000 sa-ribu
2,000 dua ribu
10,000 sa-puluh ribu or sa-laksa
20,000 dua puluh ribu or dua laksa
100,000 sa-keti or sa-puluh laksa
1,000,000 sa-juta or sa-ratus laksa
1913 sa-ribu sembilan ratus tiga bias
The words kurang (less) and tengah (half) are also used in
expressing quantities : kurang tiga sa-ratus (ninety -seven) ; tengah
dua (one and a half, two less a half) ; tengah lima ratus (four
hundred and fifty).
Numeral Coefficients
These peculiar and important elements of the Malay language
consist of "a set of specific and technical terms, called by the
grammarians numeral affixes, some one or other of which is always
used as a coefficient to the numeral, the term being selected
according to the class under which the object falls."1 Their use
may be compared with that of the English head (of cattle), file
(of soldiers), fleet (of ships), brace, covey, and the German Stuck,
1 Colonel Yule in Journal of the Anthropological Institute (February, 1880).
GRAMMAR 39
Blatt. They also occur in Burmese, Siamese, Turkish, and
other languages.
Orang (person), for human beings : laki-laki lima orang, five
men (lit., male five persons) ; anak perampuan dua orang,
two daughters (child female two persons) ; anak laki-
laki sa-orang, one son (child male one person).
Ikur, ekor (tail), for animals : sa ikur kuching {one cat) ; dua
ikur lalat (two flies) ; ikan lima anam ikur (five or six
fish) ; sembilan ikur burong (nine birds).
Batang (stem), for trees and long objects generally : bambu
tiga batang (three bamboo stalks) ; pisang dua batang (two
bananas) ; lembing dua batang (two spears).
Buah (fruit), for fruits, also applied to towns, houses, ships,
islands : labu ampat buah (four gourds) ; ada sa-buah
negri (there was a city) ; tiga buah rumah (three houses) ;
lima buah kapal (five ships) ; sa-buah pulau (an island).
Biji (seed), for grain and small round objects : teldr dua biji
(two eggs) ; klapa muda sa-biji (a green (young) coco-nut).
Keping (flatness), of flat, thin objects, as pieces of money, paper,
wood, metal : papan sa-keping (a plank).
Halei or lei, of hair, feathers, leaves, and other thin objects :
sa-halei rumput (a blade of grass) ; kameja sa-lei (a shirt) ;
baju dua tiga lei (two or three jackets).
Many other similar terms, more or less limited in their applica-
tion, will be found in the larger grammars.
Ordinals
" First," " the first," is pertama, yang pertama, or yang satu. The
other ordinals are formed by placing ka before the cardinals : kadua,
yang kadua (second, the second), and so on.
Fractional Numbers
Tengah, sa-tengah (stengah), \ ; satu or sa-per-tiga, £ ; suku, sa-
suku, \ ; dua-per-tiga, § ; sa-per-lima, £ ; tiga-per- ampat, f . Other
fractions may be similarly formed by inserting per between the
numerator and denominator.
"Once," "twice," etc., are expressed by kali {ganda, lapis, lipat) :
sa-kali (once) ; dua kali (twice) ; tiga ganda (three times), and so on.
" One at a time," " in pairs," " by threes," " by thousands," and
similar phrases are translated by prefixing the particle ber- to the
numeral : ber-satu, ber-dua, ber-tiga, be-ribu-ribu.
"Fold" is lipat: lipat sa-puluh (ten fold); lipat sa-ratus (a
hundred fold).
40 MALAY MANUAL
Manner of Expressing Time
" O'clock " is expressed by pukul (it has struck) —
Sudah pukul brapa? (what time is it1? lit, it has struck how
much ? ) ; pukul satu (it is one o'clock) ; sudah pukul ampat
(it is past four).
Pukul tiga suku (a quarter past three).
Pukul tiga dua puluh lima minit (twenty-five minutes past
three).
Pukul tiga stengah (half -past three).
Pukul ampat kurang (less) dua puluh lima minit (twenty-five
minutes to four, lit., four less twenty-five minutes).
Pukul ampat kurang suku (a quarter to four).
Sudah ampat hari dia mati (he died four days ago).
Sa-suku jam (a quarter of an hour).
Stengah jam (half an hour).
Satu jam stengah (an hour and a half).
Kapada hari ahad, tuju hari bulan, pada malam pukul sembilan
(on Sunday, day seven of the month, at night struck
nine, i.e., on Sunday, the seventh, at nine o'clock in the
evening).
Months and Days of the Week
Jan & war i Juli
Februari Agostu (Augiis)
March (Mart) September
April Oktober
Mai November
Jun (Juni) Desember
The Mohammedan names of the months are also in use.
The names of the days of the week are borrowed from the Arabic —
Sunday : hari ahad or minggo.
Monday : hari isnin or senein ; hari satu.
Tueplay : hari seldsa; hari dua.
Weanesday : hari arba^a or rebu ; hari tiga.
Thursday : hari khamis ; hari ampat.
Friday : harijuma(a; hari lima.
Saturday : hari sabtu ; hari anam.
The Malays themselves also express the divisions of the day by
a number of picturesque phrases : e.g., buntar membayang (when
the shadows are round, i.e., noon).1
1 See Maxwell, Manual of the Malay Language, p. 139.
GRAMMAR 41
The Arabic figures are used by the Malays —
1 r •* i t o 1 v a * •
123 4 567890
Prepositions
The chief prepositions, which all precede the noun, are the
following : —
Akan, (1) to, for, expresses the dative ;
(2) sometimes used (like sama) with the direct object
and in the passive construction ;
(3) as for, in regard to.
It is not much in use colloquially.
Antara, between.
Lalam, in, into.
Datang, up to : deripada . . . datang, from ... to ; datang
kapada, up to.
Dekdt, near.
Dengan, with (rarely instrumental) ; tiada dengan, without.
Deri, deri-pada, from, than (in comparisons). It is also used
to form a number of prepositional expressions answering
the question "Where from?" —
atas, upper part, top ; deri-atas, from the top of.
bawah, under part, bottom ; deri-bawah, from the bottom of.
blakang, back ; deri-blakang, from behind.
dalam, interior ; deri-dalam, from inside.
hadapan, presence ; deri-hadapan, from the front of, from
before.
luar, outside ; deri-luar, from the outside of.
muka, face, front (of a house) ; deri-muka, from before.
sabarang, farther side ; deri-sabarang, from the farther side of.
tengahy middle ; deri-tengah, from the middle of.
Di, at, in, on. Like deri, forms prepositional expressions
answering to the question " Where ?"
Ganti, instead of.
Hingga, same meaning as datang.
Ka, to. Like deri, forms prepositional expressions answering
to the question "Whither?"
Karana (karna), on account of.
Kuliling, round about.
12
MALAY MANUAL
Pada (kapada), at, to, on, towards —
(1) represents the dative ;
(2) during, on (temporal) : Jcapada satu hari bulan, on
the first day of the month ;
(3) "in order to " before a verb.
Sa-kadar, according to, in proportion to.
Sama, with { — dengan), to (dative). Also used colloquially
with the direct object (compare akari).
Sampei, same meaning as datang.
Sebdb (Arabic), same meaning as karana.
Serta, with.
Tentang, concerning, opposite.
Trus, through.
Ulih, by (in passive construction).
Adverbs
Adjectives may be used as adverbs without alteration of form.
Adverbs may also be formed by reduplication or by prefixing sa-,
with or without the suffix -nya, to other parts of speech : sungguh-
sungguh, sa-sungguh-nya (really) ; pagi-pagi (early in the morning) ;
sa-lama~lama-nya (always).
Adverbs of Place
Manat di-rnanat where?
Deri mana t whence ?
Ka-mana 1 whither ?
Sini, di-sini, here
Deri sini, from here
Ka-sini, hither
Sana, di-sana, di-situ, there
Ka-sana, thither
Atas, di-atas, above
Bawah, di-bawah, below
Luar, di-luar, without
Dalam, di-dalam, within
Di-kiri, ka-kiri, to the left
Di-kanan, ka-kanan, to the right
Dekdt, tiadajauh, near
Jauh, far
Sabarang, sabrang, across
Di-blakang, behind
Di-muka, before, in front
Ka-Uakang, backwards
Di-mana-mana, everywhere
Adverbs of Time
Kapant when?
Sekarang, lagi, now
Sabentar, at once
Tadi, just now
Dahulu {dulu), before, formerly
Kemdian, afterwards
Ini hari, to-day
Inipagi, this morning
Jnipetang, this afternoon
'Imarin, kemarin).
Kelamarin
yesterday
Kelamarin dahvlu, the day before
yesterday
Esok (besdk), to-morrow
Lusa {besdk lusa), the day after to-
morrow
Pagi-pagi, in the morning
Sore-sore, in the afternoon
GRAMMAR
43
Stengari, at midday
Kadang-kadang, sometimes
Perlahan, plan-plan, gradually
Banyak kali, often
Jarang, seldom
Malam-malam, by night
Hari-hari, by day
Slamanya, sadakala, pernah, always,
ever
Ta' pernah, never
Sudah, already
Belum (belon), not yet
Other Adverbs
Ya, saya, yes
Tida, no
Tiada (trada, tra), bulcan, not
Banyak, very, much
Sedikit, a little
Brapa, how much ?
Bagini, bagitu, so
Seperti, just as
Bagimana, betapa, how ?
Juga, also, just so, and yet, for all that
Sahaja, only
Tantu, certainly, decidedly
Conjunctions
The construction of the sentence in Malay is very simple, complex
subordinate sentences being avoided. Hence co-ordinate con-
junctions are far more used than subordinate —
Tetapi {tapi), lalcin, welakin, but
Apabila, tatkala, apakala, kotika,
when
Juga, also
Lagi, again, even
Lagipula, again, too
Lagi pun, besides, also
Tambahan, shahadan, further, besides
Dahulu deri, before that
Sampei, until
Seddng, karna, sebdb, as, since
Sebdb itu, karna itu, deri sebdb itu,
hence
Supaya, (buat), in order that
Kemdian teldh itu, then, thereupon
Jikalau demikiun, if so
Kama, sebdb, for, because
Tetapi juga, yet, nevertheless
Tetapi, semaja, adapun, notwith-
standing
Melainkan, hanya, except, unless
Atau, or
Dan, and
Atau . . . atau, either ... or
Lantas (Javanese), then, thereupon
Sa-teldh, habis, after that
JEntah, jika, whether
Sa-teldh, serta, as soon as
Tiada sahaja . . . maka lagi juga,
not only . . . but also
Terlebih harus, the more so
Lagi pula sebdb, the more so as
Seddng, semantara, pada kotika,
{lama), whilst
Tiada . . . tiada, neither . . . nor
Jikalau, jika, kalau (kalu), if
As a rule only dan, tetapi (tapi\ atau, kalu, sebdb, buat, sampei,
lama are used in the vulgar dialect.
There are several other conjunctions, the use of which is confined
to the written language. The commonest of these is maka, which
is used in narrative to introduce a sentence, something like the
English " now," " and so," " then " ; it also serves to introduce
an apodosis. The constantly occurring particle pun may also be
noticed here. It may be added indifferently to all parts of speech,
and is generally a mere expletive, although it sometimes adds
emphasis to the word to which it is attached. It sometimes has
44
MALAY MANUAL
the meaning of " too," u also " : sahaya pun (I also), or of " neither
. . . nor " : siang pun tidak malam pun tidak (it was neither day
nor night). It also enters into the formation of adverbs : itu-puny
lagi-pun.
Interjections
The commonest interjections are—
Hei ! hallo ! hi !
Ya ! (in addressing any one)
Aduh ! oh ! (of pain)
Nyah-lah ! be off !
Wahl (astonishment)
Baik ! bravo !
Chi ! for shame !
Diam ! hush ! silence !
Wah beta ! what a misfortune !
Wayi ! alas !
Nah ! there you are ! take it !
Jum ! mah ! forwards !
Kasihan !\ T , ., ,
Sayang! I what a ** !
Many religious expressions, borrowed from the Arabic, are also
in use.
PART III
EXERCISES1
I
Tuan ada baik ? Silakan duduk di-atas krusi. Bahasa Malayu
apa kata ini ! Orang ini ada anak laki-laki sa-orang dan anak
perampuan dua orang. Kapal dia jauh banyak. Besar kuching
deri tikus. Brapa tuan bli ini ? Tuan mau minum roko ? Chakap
perlahan-perlalian. Kaki-nya sakit. Dia belum pakei kain lagi.
Sahaya banyak trima kasih. Tuan kenal-kah dia ? Panjang sakali
rambut-nya. Tuan kirim tabek banyak - banyak. Bawa anggor
sama ayer. Masak telor dua biji. Sudah pukul brapa?
Tuan, master, sir, Mr; the usual polite form of address = you
(tuan -tuan, when more than one person is addressed).
Ada, to be. Baik (pronounced bai' : see on letter k in
Grammar), good, well.
Silakan (silakan-lah, sila, sila-lah), have the goodness to, please.
Duduk, to sit, take a seat. Di-atas, upon. Krusi, a chair.
Bahasa, language. Malayu (the attributive adjective follows its
noun). A pa ? what ? Kata, to say.
Orang, man, person (the numeral coefficient for persons : see
Grammar). Anak, child. Laki-laki, male : anak laki-laki,
boy. Perampuan, female : anak perampuan, girl.
Kapal, ship. Dia, see genitive construction in Grammar ; the
suffix -nya can also be used : kapal-nya. Jauh, far off (as a
rule the copula " to be " is omitted). Banyak, very (adverbs
follow the adjectives they define).
^ 2 The absence of grammatical inflections and irregularities, and the extreme
simplicity of the ordinary Malay construction, make it unnecessary to give
special exercises on grammar or syntax. The specimens of the written
language, given later on, will illustrate the difference between it and
colloquial Malay. The numerals should be committed to memory, since
they will not be given in the Vocabulary.
45
46 MALAY MANUAL
Bestir, big (here stands for the comparative). Kuchxng, cat.
Deri, from, out of, has the meaning of "than" after a
comparative. Tikus, rat, mouse.
Brapa? how much? Bli, to buy.
Mau, to want, wish. Minum, to drink, smoke (tobacco).
Boko, tobacco (the native cigarette).
Ghakap, to speak. Perlahan-perlahan (plan-plan), slowly.
Kaki, foot. Kaki-nya, his foot (see above). Sakit, ill, bad.
BelUm, not yet. Pakei, to put on (clothes). Kevin, clothes,
properly any textile fabric. Lagi, yet (pleonastic).
Sahaya (pronounced sahya), I. Trima, to accept. Kasih, to
give, gift, favour ; trima kasih, to thank.
Kenal, to know. -kah, interrogative particle, attached to the
word in the sentence on which the stress is laid.
Panjang, long. Sakali, very. Bambut, hair.
Kirim, to send. Tabek, greeting. Banyak-banyak, the reduplica-
tion expresses the superlative.
Bawa, bring. Anggor, wine. Sama, with, and. Ayer, water.
Masak, boil. Teldr, egg. Biji, numeral coefficient for small
round objects: teldr dua biji = two eggs.
Svdah, auxiliary of the past tense.
Translation 1
How do you do ? (Are you well ? ) Please sit down. What is
this called in Malay ? This man has one son and two daughters.
His ship is a long way off. The cat is larger than the mouse.
How much did you pay for this? Would you like to smoke?
Speak slowly. He has a bad foot. He is not vet dressed. I am
very much obliged to you. Do you know him V His hair is very
long. The master sends his warmest greetings. Bring some wine
and water. Boil two eggs. What o'clock is it?
II (for Translation into Malay)
You have a beautiful horse. Where is your house? This is
better than all. This room is very spacious. Where did you get
that? Can he not write? The tea is ready. I cannot open the
door. He went by ship to Singapore. It has struck half past
ten. Call a cab ! He does not drink wine. Let me see that silk.
What is he planting (is being planted by him ) ? How many children
have you ? He did. not accept it (use passive construction).
You, tuan. Have (express by ada). Horse, kuda. Beautiful,
bagus (adj. follows noun).
i This and other English versions given should be retranslated into Malay.
EXERCISES 47
Where ? di-mana. House, rumah. Your, genitive construction
with tuan (the master's house).
Better than, baik deri.
Room, bilik. Very, sakali (after the adj.). Spacious, luas.
Get, dapat (use sudah to express past tense : see Verb in
Grammar).
Can he not? tiada-kah bulih? Write, tulis; usually tulis is not
used alone, but surat (letter) is added : so, " to read books "
instead of the simple " to read," " to eat rice * instead of
"to eat."
Tea, teh. Is ready, sudah sedia.
Open, buka, membuka. Door, pintu.
To go by ship, berlayar. To, ka- (connected with the following
word by a hyphen). Singapore, Singapura.
It has struck, etc. : see Numerals in Grammar.
Call, panggil. Cab, kareta sewa.
Let, biyar. See, lihat, melihat. Silk, sutra.
To plant, tanam (see Passive construction in Grammar : use the
suffix -nya).
How many, etc. : translate " you have got children, how many
persons (orang) ?"
Accept, tarima, trima.
Ill
(Vulgar Dialect)
Tabek, tuan ! Slamat datang, tuan ! Tuan apa baik ? Baik juga,
tuan. Deri mana tuan datang ? Kita datang deri negri Wolanda
(Blanda). Brapa lama tuan ada di-laut 1 Ampat bulan sa-tengah.
Apa tuan kena chelaka di-jalan ? Ada satu tiang yang patah. Di-
mana kita bulih dapat kareta sewa ? Dekat juga — biyar tuan suruh
ambil satu ? Hei kuli, mari sini ! Apa tuan puny a suka ? Pigi
ambil kareta sewa. Kalu tuan suka kasih wang. Brapa dia punya
sewa sa-tengah harian ? Tiga rupiah sa-tengah, tuan. Ini dia punya
wang. Biyar lekas kombali. Saya, tuan. Kusir, bawa sama kita
di-kantor tuan Residen. Baik, tuan. Apa tuan Residen ada di-
kantor ? Saya, tuan. Choba tanya kalu kita bulih bertemu sama
tuan. Tuan bulih masuk. Tuan Residen sekarang trada sempat.
Kalu tuan suka datang kombali pukul satu. Baik, kita nanti
datang.1
Tabek, the usual formula of greeting ( = good day).
Slamat (Ar.), health, peace. Datang, to come, arrive.
Apa. This sentence is identical with the first sentence of
Exercise I, except that apa is substituted for ada, which
1 From Roorda van Eysinga, Verzameling van eene menigte noodzakel.
Samenspraken (3rd cd., Schonhoven, n. d.).
48 MALAY MANUAL
here, as often, is omitted. In interrogative sentences
which are not introduced by an interrogative pronoun
or adverb apa is often used to indicate a question (in
the written language and polite conversation the suffix
-kah is added to the word it is desired to emphasize).
Juga, also : added to adjectives, often has the force of "very,"
" quite."
Kita, we, often used for "I," which is generally expressed
by sahaya, sahya. Negri, country. Wolanda (Blanda),
Holland.
Lama, time : brapa lama, how long ? (better brapa lama-nya).
Ada: it being clear that the question refers to the past,
the tense need not be further indicated. Laut, sea.
Bulan, moon, month.
Kend, to meet with (tense not further denned). Chelaka
mishap. Jalan, way.
Tiang, mast. Fatah, to break (intransitive).
Biyar, to let : tuan biyar, the master allows = let me, shall I?
Suruh, to order (depending on biyar). Amhil, to take,
fetch (depending on suruh).
Kuli, porter, coolie. Mari, come here ! (only used in
imperative).
Tuan punya, your {see Pronouns). As a rule the simple
genitive construction is preferred ; thus, " the merchant's
office" is better translated kantor dagang than dagang
punya kantor. Only in the case of the genitive of the
personal pronouns, which is used to supply the place of
the possessive pronouns, the use of punya is preferred :
kita punya, mine ; tuan punya, yours. Suka, wish.
Pigi, common vulgar form of pergi, to go.
Kasih, to give. Wang, money.
Dia punya, his {see above). Sewa, hire, fare. Harian { = hari),
day.
Rupiah, the Dutch florin or guilder ; also the Indian rupee.
Lekds, quickly. Kombali, to come back.
Saya (abbreviated form of sahaya), yes (see on Interrogative and
Negative Sentences).
Kusir (Dutch), cabman, coachman. Bawa, take, drive. Sama
kita, me (in vulgar language this superfluous use of sama
with the object of the verb is common). Di-kantor, to the
office (more correctly ka-). Redden (Dutch), Minister.
Choba, to try : often used, as here, in giving orders like
"please." Tanya, to ask. Bertemii, to meet, have au
interview with.
Masuk {masok), to enter.
Trada itra, tida for tiada), not. Sempat, leisure, time.
Nanti : sign of the future tense {see Grammar).
EXERCISES 49
Translation
Good day, sir ! Welcome, sir ! How do you do ? (Are you
well?) Quite well, sir. Where have you come from? I have
come from Holland. How long were you at sea ? Four months
and a half. Did you meet with any mishap on the way ? One
of the masts was broken. Where can I get a cab? Just close
by — shall I send for one ? Hi, coolie, come here ! What do you
want, sir ? Go and fetch a cab. If you will give me some money.
How much is his hire for half a day ? Three rupees and a half.
Here is his money. Let him come back soon. Yes, sir. Coachman,
drive me to the Minister's office. Very good, sir. Is his Excellency
in his office ? Yes, sir. Please ask if I can see him. You can
come in. His Excellency has no time now. Will you (if you
will) come back at one o'clock? Very well, I will come back.
IV (for Translation into Malay)
(Vulgar Dialect)
Good day, madam ! did you send for me ? Are you the washer-
man ? Yes, madam. Can you wash my things ? But you must
wash them very clean. Madam will see. You must also iron all
these things. When can I have the things back ? In a fortnight,
madam. You must wash three times a month ; how much do
you want for that ? How many persons (are there), madam ? A
gentleman (man), a lady (woman), and three children. Twenty
rupees. Very well.
Madam, nonya (married woman, Mrs ; in the Straits only used
of Chinese women ; in the Dutch Indies, of any married
woman). Send for, suruh panggil (order to fetch : use
sudah to form past tense). Me, sama sahaya.
Washerman, tukang minatu (Batavian : elsewhere usually dobi
or binara) ; introduce the sentence by apa.
Wash, chuchi. Things, barang.
But, tapi (more correctly tetapi). Must, misti, musti (vulgar).
Clean, berseh, bresih. Very, sakali. Them : to be omitted.
Madam will see : use nanti for the future. See, lihat.
Also, lagi. To iron, strika, istrika. All, samud.
When ? kapan? Have back, dapat kombali.
In, dalam. A fortnight, dua minggo.
Three times a month, tiga kali sa-bulan. Want, minta. For
that, deri itu.
Person, orang.
50 MALAY MANUAL
Slamat jalan. Slamat pagi. Slamat tidor. Slamat tinggal.
Apa khabar ? Khabar baik. Minta ampun (ma'af).1 Ampun-kan
(maaf-kan) sahya. Choba : minta : tulung. Trima kasih. Ada-
kah ? Apa itu ? Brapa ? Itu mahal. Tidak, tuan, itu murah.
Mana dia ? Apa mau ? Apa nama tuan (angkau) ? Ini-lah dia.
Lekas, lekas ! Ingat baik-baik. Siapa itu ? Mari sini (di-sini) !
Itu betul. Itu salah. Apa sebab ? Tidak apa. Ta' usah. Jangan
buat itu. Ada-kah rumah dia banyak jauh deri sini ? Tada jauh ;
ada dekat. Sila duduk. Dimana tinggal ? Sahya ta' tabu :
entah-lah.
VI (see Numerals in Grammar)
Tahu-kab (minta bilang) pukul brapa? Sudah pukul sa-puluh
stengah (satu kurang suku). Ada kira-kira sa-blas stengali. Baharu
pukul dua bias. Sudah pukul satu lalu. Pukul brapa dia sudah
datang? Dia datang kira-kira tengah hari dan pergi2 petang.
Pukul dua bias sama dengan tengah hari. Hari apa ini ? Hari
selasa. Hari brapa bulan ini ? Tuju hari bulan Desember. Horloji
sahya tida jalan baik. Sahya sudah lupa memutar dia. Jam tuan
jalan terjalu lekas (dras), lambat. Horloji sahya sudah berhenti.3
Horloji tuan betul-kah jalan-nya? Brapa 'umur tuan? 'Umur
sahya dua puluh tiga tahun lima bulan. Ada kira-kira dua puluh
lima tahun 'umur-nya. Minggo lalu. Apa macham musim ? Hari
hendak hujan rupa-nya. Kalau esok hujan ta' usah datang. Kalau
tiada hujan, sahya nanti pergi. Sudah berhenti hujan ? Sudah
berhenti. Lebih baik bawa satu payong. Ini hari lebih sejuk
deripada kehnarin. Kalau chuacha lusa sahya hendak pergi. Ada-
kah tuan mendengar 4 guruh ? Tidak ; sahya melihat kilat sahaja.
VII
Buat esok ; itu bulih. Bila bulih datang ? Sahya ta' suka ini.
Apa chari ? Apa kata dia ? Kamana angkau sudah pergi ?
Mengapa angkau tida datang dahulu ? Dia ada disini sekarang
ini. Tidak patut buat bagitu. Sa-telah tuan sudah sedia, bri
tahu. Bulih - kah chakap Inggris ? Nanti disini sampei sahya
balik. Sahya ta' pernah mendengar itu. Sahya mengantok ;
1 The sign '' represents Ain in words of Arabic origin. The real sound is
very difficult for a European. It is usually ignored in Malay, where it only
serves, like Hamza (see on letter K in Alphabet), to mark a sort of catch in
the breath, showing that the vowels are to be pronounced separately.
2 Generally pronounced peggy or piggy ,
3 Usually pronounced brenti.
4 Also menengar.
EXERCISES 51
sahya hendak tidor. Apa tuan lapar? Sahya lapar sakali. A pa
tuan haus ? Minta ma'af : sahya ada banyak kerja. Biyar dia
masuk kalau suka. Sahya tidak dengar ; kata itu kombali. Ada-
kah barang siapa datang menchari sahya ? Tanya dia ; dia tahii
itu baik-baik. Siapa ada diluar?
VIII
Itu bukan salah sahya. Itu tuan punya-kah atau dia punya?
Itu sahya punya ; dia punya sudali hilang. Kata dia misti habiskan
itu. Deri apa di-buat itu ? Ta' bulih ingat. Dia sudah buka
jindela. Sahya ta' kenal dia. Tutup (kunchi) pintu. Angkau
(tuan) orang Inggris ? Sahya bukan orang Inggris. Apa - kah
bangsa angkau (tuan) ? Panggil orang gaji. Nantikan jawab.
Itu tada guna. Dia sudah buat itu dia sendiri. Ada-kah khabar
ini hari ? Sa-barang pun jadi-lah. Sahya ta' bulih kata, sebab
tidak tahu. Brapa kali tuan sudah pergi disana ? Matahari terbit,
masuk. Hari minggo pagi-pagi sahya berangkat. Sahya sudah
tinggal disini tiga bias tahun lama-nya. Pada hari selasa yang
sudah waktu tengah hari. Angkau misti bawa spatu sahya pukul
dua ta' bulih tidak.
IX
Sahya mau naik (duduk) kareta ; apa bulih. dapat kareta sewa
disini ? Suruh kusir jangan datang terlalu lambat. Pukul brapa
angkau suruh dia datang disini ? Kusir, bawa sahya di jalan A ;
berhenti di - muka nombor (nommer) tiga. Tengah jam bulih
sampei ? Berhenti ; sahya hendak turun (kaluar). Biyar kita
berjalan -jalan (makan angin). Kamana kita pergi ? Kamana tuan
suka. Mana jalan dekat sa-kali pergi ka-A ? Pusing sa-blah kiri
(kanan).
X
Jalan ini pergi kamana ? Mana jalan pergi ka-rumah tuan A ?
Ada-kah dia di-rumah ? Ada, tuan. Apa tuan suka naik kareta
atau jalan kaki ? Bukan-kah ini jalan-nya ? Tida : jauh lagi
deripada ini. Bulih-kah tuan tunjuk jalan betul ? Ini jalan yang
dekat sakali supaya pulang. Apa tuan mengarti bahasa Malay u 1
Salinkan itu dalam bahasa Malayu. Bulih-kah bacha Inggris?
Apa tahu tulis Jerman ? Bahasa Malayu mudah sa-kali di-dapat
chakap sedikit.
XI
Chakap kwat-kwat. Perkata-an ini apa eja-nya ? Apa arti-nya
perkata-an itu ? Bagimana sebiit perkata-an itu ? Tuan sudah
52 MALAY MANUAL
mengarti ? Sahya tida mengarti. Huruf-nya sama, tetapi sebutan-
nya lain. Patut-lah tuan bacha surat Malay u sa-kurang-kurang
dua jam lama-nya pada tiap-tiap hari. Kalau tuan chakap Malayu
sa-hari-hari tuan bulih blajar dengan sigra. Sahya man tulis surat,
tetapi tida ada tampat dawat (tinta). Bawa dua stamp,1 satu pen
(kalam), kartas sa-lei, kartas kembang. Bawa ini surat di pos.
Surat itu sudah ser&h-kan ? Nanti jawab-nya.
XII
Bila tuan mau makanan (makan pagi) ? Sedia -kan makanan pukul
tuju stengah. Makan pagi sudan sedia. Apa tuan milium kopi
atau teh 7 sahya lebih suka chokolat. Bawa kopi dengan susu,
dua biji telor stengah rebus, roti, dan mentega. Kopi ini terlalu
hangat ; bawa susu sejuk. Mau lagi sedikit ayer ; teh ini terlalu
kras. Tuang teh. Ayer ini ta' hangat ; apabila mendideh bawa.
Mau gula dengan mangkok teh. Bawa teh di - bawah ; taruh
di-atas meja besar. Bawa satu krusi.
XIII
Bila makanan (makan pet&ng, malam) sedia? Menaruh meja
di bilik (kamar) sahya. Apa tuan suka makan ? Ikan ini sudah
busuk. Lebih suka daging panggang atau rebus ? Ta' suka daging
lembu (biri-biri). Mau daging yang matang atau mentah sedikit ?
Pisau ini tiada makan. Kasih satu glas bir (anggor). Bawa
corkscrew ; chabut penyumbat. Anggor ini ta' baik ; buka lain
botol. Tuan minum roko ? Ini tembakau baik ; derimana tuan
dapat? Minta kasih satu tarek api (mach). Goyang (tarek)
locheng. Jangan bawa pergi kain meja.
XIV
Apa sahya bulih dapat bilik (kamar) tidor di rumah makan (di
hotel)? Lebih suka kamar di-atas, sebab sahya tinggal sa-bulan
lama-nya. Ada kain selimut kring? Kasih ayer sejuk, sabun,
satu tuala. Sahya mau chuchi tangan. Sikatkan (bruskan) pakeian
sahya. Boot tuan belli m bresih ; apa mau pakei spatu tuan ?
Suruh datang sini tukang chukur. Minta guntingkan rambut
sahya ; jangan putung terlalu. Sahya mau mandi dan salin pakeian.
Kasih lilin ; mau tidor. Ada-kah klambu ? Nyamok buat banyak
susah.
i Many common words from English (and other languages) are understood
by the natives.
EXERCISES 53
XV
Pukul brapa mau sahya ban gun - kan (kasih bangun) tuan ?
Mau bangun siang-siang. Minta tunjuk sahya dimana jalan besl
(kareta api). Trus sahaja. Pukul brapa kareta api (tren) berangkat
ka ? Kasih satu ticket (surat) klass satu pergi pulang. Brapa
bayar ? Apa bulih sahya minum roko disini ? Ta' bulih, tuan ;
di-larang. Bawa barang-barang sahya di kareta. Ada-kah surat
pass ? Pukul brapa kapal api berangkat ? brapa lama-nya pelayaran ?
Sahya sa-lalu mabuk laut. Pergi dibawah baring. Ini rumah
chukei. Ada pakeian sahaja di-dalam itu peti.
XVI
Bulih tukar ini wang kartas ? Mau mas dengan perak. Sahya
ta' ada wang kechil. Ini ringgit baik-kah? rupa-nya lanchong.
Tuan mau bli sa-barang? Sahya mau cherut, tembakau, pipa,
machis. Ubi brapa harga-nya ? Kasih resit. Kirim itu di-rumah
sahya. Brapa sahya berhutang? Harga itu kitab (buku) dua
ringgit. Itu terlalu mahal ; sahya ta' bulih bayar bagini banyak.
Brapa mau jual ini ? Tida bulih kasih lebih murah ? Kalau
pergi ka pasar, bli telor-telor. Mau-lah bayar tunei.
XVII
Dobi, misti basoh ini barang-barang sa-lekds-lekds. Brapa lama-
nya sampei dapat kombali barang-barang? Dalam dua minggo
sahya nanti bawa kombali. Ada tiga kameja, lima pasang sarong
kaki, losen sapu tangan. Apa bulih buat satu coat (baju) sama
sahya ? ini coat terlalu besar. Kain ini terlalu hitam ; sahya suka
putih deripada ini. Kalau tuan suka, sahya nanti menghukur
sekarang. Misti bekin ini seluar lebih pendek. Panggil tukang
kasut ; mau suruh dia buat pasang kasut. Apa tuan suka choba ?
rupa-nya terlalu sesak.
Translation
V
Good-bye (go in peace) ! Good morning ! Good night I Good-
bye (abide in peace) ! What's the news i The news is good. I
beg your pardon. Pardon (excuse) me. Please. Thank you.
Have you ? What is that ? How much ? That is dear. No,
sir, it is cheap. Where is he? What do you want? What is
your name ? Here it is. Quick, quick ! Take care ! Who is
that ? Come here. That is right (correct). That is wrong. What
54 MALAY MANUAL
for 9 Never mind (it is nothing). Never mind (it is not necessary).
Don't do that. Is his house very far from here ? Not far ; it is
near. Pray sit down. Where do you live ? I don't know ; it
is uncertain.
VI
Do you know (please tell me) what time it is? It has struck
half -past ten (a quarter to one). It is about half -past eleven. It
has just struck twelve. It is past one. What time did he come?
He came about midday and went in the afternoon. Twelve o'clock
is the same as midday. What day of the week is it ? It is Tuesday.
What day of the month is it ? The 7th of December. My watch
doesn't go well. I forgot to wind it up. Your watch (clock) is
too fast, too slow. My watch has stopped. Does your watch go
correctly ? How old are you ? I am twenty- three years and five
months old. He is about twenty-five years old. Last week. What
sort of weather is it ? It seems as if it would rain to-day. If it
rains to-morrow, you need not come. If it doesn't rain, I shall go.
Has the ram stopped ? It has. You had better take an umbrella.
To-day is colder than yesterday. If it is fine the day after
to-morrow, I shall go. Did you hear the thunder ? No, I only
saw the lightning.
VII
Do it to-morrow ; that will do. When can you come ? I don't
like that. What are you looking for ? What, did he say 1 Where
have you been ? Why did you not come before ? He was here
just now. You ought not to do so. As soon as you are ready,
let me know. Can you speak English ? Wait here till I come
back. I never heard that. I am sleepy, I want to go to bed.
Are you hungry ? I am very hungry. Are you thirsty ? Excuse
me ; I am very busy. Let him come in if you like. I cannot
hear ; say that again. Has any one been to enquire for me ? Ask
him ; he knows well. Who is outside ?
VIII
That is not my fault. Is that yours or his ? It is mine ; his
is lost. Tell him he must finish that. Of what is that made ?
I cannot remember. Be has opened the window. I don't know
him. Shut (lock) the door. Are you an Englishman ? I am not
an Englishman. What countryman are you ? Call the servant.
Wait for an answer. That's no use. He has done that himself.
Is there any news to-day ? Anything will do, I cannot say,
EXERCISES 55
because I do not know. How many times have you been there ?
The sun rises, sets. I shall start early on Sunday. I have lived
here thirteen years. Last Tuesday at midday. You must bring
my shoes at two o'clock without fail.
IX
I want to go for a drive ; can I get a cab here ? Tell the coach-
man not to come too late. At what time did you tell him to be
here ? Coachman, drive me to A Street ; stop at Number 3. Can
we get there in half an hour I Stop, I want to get down (get
out). Let's go for a walk. Where shall we go ? Where you like.
Which is the nearest way to A ? Turn to the left (the right).
Where does this road go ? Which is the way to Mr A's house ?
Is he at home ? Yes, sir. Will you drive or walk ? Is not this
the road ? No, it is farther on. Can you show me the right
road ? This is the nearest way to get back. Do you understand
Malay ? Translate that into Malay. Can you read English 9 Can
you write German ? To speak a little Malay is very easily acquired
(it is very easy to learn to speak a little Malay).
XI
Speak loudly. How is this word spelt ? What is the meaning
of this word ? How is this word pronounced ? Did you under-
stand ? I don't understand. The letters are the same, but the
pronunciation is different. You must read Malay at least two
hours every day. If you speak Malay every day you will quickly
learn. I want to write a letter, but I have no inkstand. Bring
two stamps, a pen, a sheet of note-paper, blotting paper. Take
this letter to the pest. Did you deliver that letter? Wait for
an answer.
XII
When do you want breakfast ? Get breakfast ready at half-past
seven. Breakfast is ready. Do you drink coffee or tea ? I prefer
chocolate. Bring coffee with milk, two soft-boiled eggs, bread and
butter. This coffee is too hot ; bring some cold milk. I want
a little more water ; the tea is too strong. Pour out the tea. This
water is not hot ; when it boils bring it. I want some sugar and
a tea-cup. Take the tea downstairs ; put it on the large table,
Bring a chair,
56 MALAY MANUAL
XIII
When will dinner be ready ? Lay the table in my room. What
would you like to eat ? This fish has gone bad. Do you prefer
roast or boiled meat ? I don't like beef (mutton). Do you like
the meat well-done or under-done ? This knife doesn't cut. Give
me a glass of beer (wine). Bring a corkscrew ; pull out the cork.
This wine is not good ; open another bottle. Do you smoke ? This
tobacco is good ; where did you get it 1 Please give me a match.
King (pull) the bell. Don't take away the tablecloth.
XIV
Can I have a bedroom in the hotel ? I prefer a room upstairs,
because I shall stop a month. Are the sheets dry ? Give me some
cold water, soap, a towel. I want to wash my hands. Brush my
clothes. Your boots are not clean ; will you wear your shoes ?
Tell the barber to come here. Please cut my hair ; don't take off
too much. I want to have a bath, and to change my clothes. Give
me a candle ; I want to go to bed. Have you a mosquito net ? The
mosquitoes are very troublesome.
XV
When do you want me to wake you ? I want to get up very early.
Please show me where the railway is. Straight on. What time
does the train for start ? Give me a first-class return ticket.
How much have I to pay ? May I smoke here ? No, sir ; it is not
allowed. Take my things to the carriage. Have you a passport ?
When does the steamer start ? How long is the voyage ? I am
always sea- sick. Go downstairs and lie down. Here is the custom-
house. There are only clothes in that box.
XVI
Can you change this bank-note? I want gold and silver. I
have no change \^small money). Is this dollar good ? It looks bad
(spurious). Do you want to buy anything? I want some cigars,
tobacco, a pipe, and matches. What is the price of potatoes ? Give
me a receipt. Send it to my house. How much do I owe ? The
price of that book is two dollars. That is too dear ; I cannot pay
so much. How much do you want for that ? Cannot you let me
have it cheaper ? If you go to the market, buy some eggs. You
must pay cash.
XVII
Laundryman, you must wash these things as soon as possible.
How long before* I can have the things back ? I will bring them
EXERCISES 57
back in a fortnight. There are three shirts, five pairs of stockings,
a dozen pocket handkerchiefs. Can you make me a coat ? This one
is too big. This cloth is too dark ; I want something lighter than
this. If you like I will take your measure now. You must make
these trousers shorter. Call the shoemaker ; I want him to make
me a pair of boots. Will you try them on ? They seem too tight.
EASY READING EXERCISES
The words will be found in the Vocabulary
Bri-lah itu kapada anak-nya. Sa-sa-orang yang meninggikan
diri-nya, ia akan di-rendahkan. Ingat-lah akan diri-mu. Sampei
pukul dua-blas malam kita ada jaga. Rumah baharu tuan sudah
habis ? Sikat-lah rambut-mu. Tuan minum roko ? Apa angkau
hendak buat ? Itu bukan sahaya punya salah. Harta-nya samua*
sudah hilang. Sahaya ada banyak kerja. Matahari sudah masuk.
Siapa buat ini ? Anak siapa angkau ? Sa-hari dua kali sahaya
mandi. Tulung sama sahaya. Kalau mau pergi, pergi-lah ! Sahaya
lapar. Mau apa-apa lain lagi ? Ada angkau dengar bunyi locheng ?
Angkau lebih tahu itu deri sahaya. Sahaya tida bulih kata
sekarang ; nanti sahaya mau pikir dahulu. Brapa jauh deri sini
ka-pulau Penang? Dia sudah jatuhkan, habis pechah. Pagi ini
sahaya bangun lagi glap. Datang-lah esok pagi-pagi ! Kain ini
sahaya bli tuju rupiah. Bila dia berlayar ? Dia sudah turun ka-
prahu. Mata-nya biru. Itu orang kikir. Brapa orang ada anak-
mu? Madat tida banyak laku sekarang. Pikiran sahaya lain
deri itu. Ada pukul tengah lima. Dia mengaku dia buat.
Dia sa - kampong dengan kita. Di - rumah kita terlalu banyak
tikus. Sahaya tiada kenal sama dia. Salinkan itu dalam bahasa
Malayu. Adat kita tidor siang-siang. Dia datang minta upah-nya.
Bila mau mulai itu ? Bulih-kah dapat kentang di-sini ? Tangan-
nya sudah patah. Kalau siang-siang sahaya tahu itu, sahaya
larangkan. Kalau esok hari hujan, ta' usah datang. Ingat baik-
baik ! Jangan jatuh ! Nanti sabentar 1 Brapa mau jual ini ?
Choba bunyikan perkata-an ini. Harga-nya belum lagi terbayar.
Sahaya sa-lalu pelupa. Ini snapang ada berisi? Banyak negri
dia sudah jalani. Buah pala banyak laku sekarang. Ada baik-
kah ? Kitab siapa ini 1 Ini sahaya punya. Choba sa-kali lagi !
Tiada perhiasan pada muka rumah itu. Siapa melarangkan kita
pergi? Nanti-lah di-situ. Bangun-lah lekas. Ia sakit bagitu
banyak, maka ia tiada berkata lagi. Segala kalihatan bulan itu
ia-itu bulan pernama dan bulan perbani. Lilin itu sudah mati.
Ikan kechil di-makan ikan besar. Besf itu sudah di-makan
karatan. Ia ada di-rumah, la sudah buat itu dengan murka-nya.
58 MALAY MANUAL
Serta minum arak orang itu jadi seperti binatang. Hamba sudah
biasa minum anggor. Harus tuari menurut dia. Maka hamba
kira tuan lagi tidor. Kama kakurangan nasi maka ia makan
roti. Kita turun deri nenek moyang, yang besar-besar. Siapa
orang punya barang-barang itu ? Maka tiada mail ia mengombalikan
wang yang di-pinjam-nya deripada kita. Yang di-perulih dengan
tiada hak, maka ia itu tiada berguna juga. Daging itu sudah jadi
busuk. Sudah pukul ampat. Maka negri yang di-alahkan-nya itu
pun di-masukkan-nya pada karaja-an-nya. Buah itu tiada akan
jadi masak. Maka kapal-nya pun terdampar pada gusung. Dengar-
lah dua tiga patah kata ! Itu benar ? Apa angkau buat saharian
itu? Apa juga sebab-nya? Tanya sama dia; dia tahu itu baik-
baik. Besar guna-nya ini deri harga-nya. Sahaya ta' mail jual
bri-bri hutang. Adat-nya bangun sa-belum matahari terbit. Maka
ibu itu tiada meninggalkan anak-nya. Perhamba-an mengurangkan
kabranian. Brani-nya sudah hilang. Sudah angin ribut merusakkan
prahu. Hamba pun turun -lah pada pulau Penang. Ia pergi
kaluar, tiada akan kombali pada sa-bulan lama-nya. Tiada ia
minum ayer anggor sakali. Bacha ini baik-baik, sampei jangan
lupa lagi. Ibu menidorkan anak-nya. Habis bulan ini maka
sahaya akan berpindah. Telaga itu habis kring. Nanti sahaya
pergi pada tampat yang lain. Kita beliim membayar upah pada
orang bekerja. Pisau itu tiada makan. Pohon itu membri banyak
buah. Tuan kurang kaya deri dia. Ada-kah barang orang yang
tahu itu ? Ada sa-kira-kira lima puluh tahun 'umur-nya. Pohon
itu sudah luruh daun-nya. Orang asing itu banyak sakali dalam
negri. Jangan-lah angkau buat itu lagi. Orang itu baik rupa-nya.
Rupa-nya man hujan. Dia orang betul. Ingatan-nya wang saja.
Brapa tuan punya 'uraiir ? Ini-lah dia. Di-mana tuan sudah
dapat itu? Tarima kasih, tuan. Pergi tukar ini ringgit. Apa
sebab angkau tertawa ? Kerja ini terlalu kras. Ini hari terlalu
panas. Tiada banyak guna-nya. Sahaya tida senang.
CONVERSATIONS IN THE VULGAR DIALECT
Arrival
Hei kuli ! panggil satu kareta sewa.
Bawa sekarang ini barang-barang ka-rumah makan tuan N.
Trada bulih tuan angkat barang-barang-nya deri sini bagitu
sahaja ; boomwachter (jura batangan) misti priksa dulu.
Lekas-lekas, kalu bulih.
Apa tuan ada lain barang-barang di-dalam itu kopper-kopper deri
barang pakean ?
fida ! kweh bulih buka samua-nya, kalu saku.
EXERCISES 59
Tra usah ; tuan bulih bawa pigi itu barang-barang.
Tarima kasih ! gampang juga di-sini. Hei kuli ! angkat itu
barang-barang, orang anam.
Brat, tuan ; tra bulih kita orang pikul ; orang dlapan jadi.
Baik ! orang dlapan.
Kita orang minta dlapan rupiah, tuan.
Apa ? dlapan rupiah ? apa gila kweh ? sa-orang sa-tengah rupiah,
itu sampe.
Baik, tuan.
Nanti sebantar ; sahaya bayar kweh di-rumah makan ; baik-baik
ini peti ! ada barang yang lekas pechah di-dalam-nja.
In an Hotel
Di-mana mandur ?
Sahaya jadi mandur ; sahaya bulih tulung sama tuan ; apa tuan
punya suka ?
Apa sahaya bulih dapat satu kamar di-sini ?
Sahaya, tuan ; tuan turut saja. Ini apa, nommer 20.
Kamar dan weranda buka ka-selatan, itu terlalu panas tempo
bulan Januari. Sahaya lebih suka satu kamar di-atas, sebab lama
sahaya tinggal di-sini.
Tida ada yang terbuka. Nanti lekas ada satu tuan kaluar deri
situ, barangkali tuan nanti bulih dapat kamar di-atas.
Kalu bagitu, sahaya nanti tinggal di-sini dulu.
Baik, tuan.
Apa kweh tahu satu yonges buat jaga sahaya ?
Barangkali ada tuan ; sahaya punya sudara betul lepas kemarin,
sebab tuan-nya pergi.
Apa kweh bulih panggil sama dia ?
Bulih, tuan ; nanti sahaya kasih tahu sama dia.
Engaging a Servant
Sahaya minta permissi, buat bichara sama tuan.
Mau apa kweh ?
Sahaya dengar, tuan chahari yonges.
Betul ! apa kweh mau makan gaj i sama sahaya ?
Kalu tuan suka, sahaya mau.
Siapa kweh punya nama ?
Raksa.
Brapa kweh punya 'umur ?
Dua puluh dua tahun, tuan.
Di mana kweh tinggal dulu ?
Dulu sahaya tinggal ampat bulan di-rumah makan, lantas s'tengah
dua tahun sama littenan N.
Apa kweh ada satu surat deri kweh punya tuan yang dulu ?
60 MALAY MANUAL
Sudah hilang, tuan.
Ini perkara kurang trang.
Apa bulih sahaya percliaya sama kweh ?
Tuan bisa perchaja sama sahaya, tuan bulih choba.
Baik, kweh bulih jadi yonges sama sahaya. Sahaya kasih dua
bias rupiah sa-bulan, tetapi kweh misti jaga baik-baik. Apa kweh
bisa samua kreja rumah ?
Bisa, tuan.
Kweh bulih datang sebantar, bawa di-sini kweh punya barang
samua ; kalu kweh sudah kombali, kasih tahu sama sahaya.
Conversation with a Servant
Apa kweh ketok pintu, Raksa ?
Sahaya, tuan, sudah jadi siang.
Buka papan jandela ; lantas kasih ayer ehuchi muka dan ayer
minum.
Di-mana gosok gigi ?
Tra tahu, tuan.
Kasih satu handuk dan buang ini ayer !
Kasih ayer bedidi, sahaya mau minum teh.
Ayer-nya trada bedidi, api tida mau bernyala, tuan.
Kapan tuan mau makan pagi ?
Dulu sahaya mau makan serutu ; bawa roko dan tembako dan
ambil pipa ; lantas sahaya mau melanchoDg sedikit, bekin sedia
makanan pukul sembilan s'tengah.
Makanan sudah sedia, tuan.
Baik ! Ini hari nommer brapa ?
Ini hari-hari ampat bias bulan Januari.
Tempo apa ada di-luar ?
Kamarau, tuan.
Angin deri mana sekarang ?
Angin deri utara, tuan.
Bawa spatu tinggi di-sini, sama topi dan payong.
Spatu tinggi belon bresih ; barangkali tuan mau pakei spatu
kain putih.
Suruh tukang kuda, dia misti pasang kuda ; lantas bawa ini
surat sama tuan N.
Apa sahaya nanti tangguh khabar ? l
la 1 dan itu surat bawa di-pos.
Conversation with a Stable-boy
Hei ! apa satu orang di-stal ?
Sahaya tukang kuda, tuan.
l The Arabic kh is usually pronounced as k in Malay.
EXERCISES 61
Apa kweh sudah bekin bresih (roskam) kuda, sudali kasih
makan dan minum ?
Sahaya, tuan.
Ini kuda kenapa belon di-roskam ? Kalu tida mau jaga kuda
lebih baik, misti k'luar ( = kaluar).
Sahaya minta tuan, jangan marah sama sahaya, lain kali sahaya
jaga lebih baik.
Pukul brapa kweh kasih kuda minum ?
Pukul sa-blas sama pukul anam, tuan.
Dan kapan di-kasih makan ?
Pagi pukul dlapan, siang pukul sa-blas sama pukul tiga, malam
pukul dlapan.
Malam misti kasih rumput kring buat tidor.
Sekarang tuntun ini kuda jantan hitam ka-muka rumah.
Itu kuda ada sakit satu kaki ; di-mana dia dapat sakit ?
Tra tahu, tuan.
Angkat sella dan pasang kareta ; sahaya tida tunggang, sahaya
mau naik kareta.
Kalu kita sudah pulang, kweh misti pergi sama doktor kuda
dan tanya apa tuan bulih datang kemarin.
Sahaya, tuan. Kareta apa tuan mau pakei ?
Kareta itu yang baharu.
Bom patah dan glas lantera pechalr.
Kweh misti bawa kareta sama orang china. Sekarang chahari
kareta sewa.
With a Coachman
Kusir, brapa lama kita bulih pakei ini kareta ? — Anam jam, tuan.
Pukul brapa sekarang ini ?
Barangkali ada pukul tuju sa-tengah.
Raksa, pukul brapa bisa makan di-sini ?
Pukul aua bias sa-tengah, tuan.
Kalu ada bagitu, sahaya mau pakei ini kareta tiga jam, kusir.
Barangkali tuan suka tangguh sebantar, kuda-nya belum di-pasang.
Tuan, kareta sudah sedia. Pergi (or bawa sahaya) di-rumah
makan Jawa, di-kampong china, di-pasar ikan, di-gedong bichara,
di-rumah-nya Tuan Besar, di-wayang china, di-rumah sakit.
Jangan jalan terlalu plahan.
Sekarang bawa sahaya di-kantor tuan N.
Kenapa berhenti ?
Kita sudah sampei di-rumah makan ; apa tuan mau masuk ?
Kweh bulih balik pulang ; brapa sahaya misti bayar sama kweh ?
Tiga rupiah sa-tengah, tuan.
Ini apa dia.
Banyak trima kasih, tuan.
62 MALAY MANUAL
At Table
Pukul brapa orang makan di-sini ?
Pukul tiga sa-tengah, tuan. Kalu makanan sedia, kasih tahu
sama sahaya.
Makanan sudah sedia, tuan. Baik, kanchi kamar dan jaga
sahaya di-meja.
Taruh sup, lantas salin anggor. Anggor apa tuan suka ?
Bawa satu botol anggor merah sama satu gendi ayer !
Itu anggor merah sudah habis ; apa sahaya bulih buka lain botol?
Bawa anggor puff (sampani), sopi pahit dan glas kechil.
Kasih chabut setop. Itu glas tida bresih, angkat-lah dan kasih
lain. Sahaya tida suka anggor itu, sahaya minta bir.
Unjuk daging sama sahaya lagi.
Itu sayor sudah hangus ; kweh juga taruh terlalu banyak garam.
Sahaya minta roti.
Angkat makanan !
Sahaya mau miuum roko ; taruh roko yang besar di-meja, dan
kasih api sama sahaya.
Apa ada orang tanya sama sahaya ?
Trada, tuan.
Tutup papan jandela sekarang, sahaya mau tidor sedikit. Priksa,
apa ada agas di-dalam klambu ; kalu ada, kasih k'luar.
Kalu ada pukul lima sa-tengah, misti kasih bangun sama sahaya.
Sedang sahaya tidor, bawa masuk barang-barang di-dalam kamar,
bungkar kopper kechil, sikat pakean dan chahari tukang chukur
dan tukang minatu.
With a Washerman and a Barber
Tukang minatu sudah ada ?
Sahaya, tuan.
Suruh dia masuk di-dalam.
Apa kweh tukang minatu ?
Sahaya, tuan.
Apa kweh mau chuchi sahaya punya barang ? Sahaya mau kasih
chuchi sahaya punya barang, tetapi sahaya tra mau bayar potong,
tapi mau janji dulu bayaran hitung satu-satu bulan punya.
Brapa sahaya misti bayar akan ini samua-nya ? Ada sembilan
puluh an am potong besar dan tiga puluh tiga potong kechil.
Lima bias rupiah, tuan.
Itu terlalu banyak. Sahaya mau kasih dua bias rupiah perak
sa-bulan.
Baik, tuan.
Brapa lama-nya sampei sahaya bisa dapat kombali barang-barang ?
Ini klambu tampat tidor misti ada kombali dalam lima hari.
Dalam sa-tengah bulan sahaya nanti bawa kombali dia.
EXERCISES 63
Kweh misti chuchi bresih s'kali dan suruh strika barang samud-
nya dan misti jaga, jangan hilang satu apa dan jangan kweh kasili
orang lain punya barang sama kita.
Mau apa kweh ?
Sahaya bawa tuan punya barang-barang.
Saliaya mau priksa dulu ; ada kurang tiga, sa-putangan dan dua
chelana, hitung-lah sendiri !
Betul ! Sahaya minta sahaya punya upah.
Bukan baik, bawa dulu itu barang yang kurang.
Siapa ada di-luar, Ilaksa 1
Tukang chukur, tuan, ada orang china.
Apa dia mengarti bahasa malayu ?
Apa dia bisa bichara malayu ?
Bisa, tuan.
Potong sahaya punya ranibut, tetapi baik -baik.
Jangan potong terlalu pendek.
Apa tuan mau chukur juga ?
Kaksa, apa di-sini ada rumah mandi ?
Sahaya, tuan.
Sediakan lain pakean, nanti sahaya mau mandi dan tukar pakean.
Di-mana kamar mandi ?
S'teng'hari sahaya tida makan di-rumah, sahaya pulang ini sore
sahaja. Besok sahaya mau bangun pagi-pagi ; kasih bangun pukul
anam s'tengah.
With a Tailor
Ilaksa, pergi suruh sama tukang menjahit, dia misti datang
di-sini sebantar.
Tabek, tuan ; apa tuan punya suka ?
Apa kweh bulih bekin satu rokki sama sahaya ?
Warna apa tuan suka ?
Yang hitam.
Tuan, sahaya bawa chonto-chonto, tuan bulih pilih.
Kasih lihat sahaya segala chonto.
Itu ada chara yang baharu.
Lagi kweh misti bekin ampat chelana deri kain putih.
Baik, tuan ! kalu tuan punya suka, sahaya mau menghukur
sekarang.
Kanching-kanching deri chelana misti di-jahit kwat-kwat.
Ranching apa tuan mau suruh pakei ?
Ranching yang hitam.
Di-dalam atas-nya chelana misti kweh bekin kandong kechil pur
masukkan horloji.
Yas, yang sampir di-sana, sudah putus ; apa kweh bisa menjahit
itu betul ?
Tantu bulih, tuan.
PART IV
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE
The following specimens of narrative style will illustrate the
difference between it and the colloquial language. The sentences
are longer, and the construction is not so simple.
The notes are intended to explain any syntactical or other
peculiarities that might present difficulties to the learner, while
the translation of single words and phrases will be found in
the Vocabulary.
I1
Ada suatu hutan di-dalam-nya banyak kera duduk di-atas
chawang kayu. Maka datang sa-orang utas hendak meng-ambil
kayu, hendak di-per-buat perkakas rumah. Telah brapa banyak
di-ambil-nya tinggal sa-batang kayu amat besar tiada ter-bawa
ulih-nya. Maka di-blah ulih utas kayu itu, di-bubuh-nya baji.
Maka hari pun sudah tengah hari, maka di-tinggal-kan-nya kayu
itu dengan baji-nya : lalu ia pulang makan ka-rumah-nya. Apabila
di-lihat ulih sa-ekor kera orang itu pulang, maka ia pun turun deri-
atas pohon kayu itu, lalu naik ka-atas kayu yang di-blah orang itu.
Maka di-grak-grak-kan-nya, maka baji itu pun ter-bantun, ekor-nya
pun ter-sepit pada blah-an kayu itu, tiada dapat di-lepas-kan-nya,
maka kera itu mati. Maka orang yang mem -blah kayu itu pun
datang, di-lihat-nya sa-ekor kera mati ter-sepit : lalu di-ambil-nya,
di-buang-kan-nya.
Ini-lah pri-nya orang yang peduli akan pe-kerja-an orang bukan
pe-kerja-an diri-nya. Maka di-per-ulih-nya binasakan atas diri-nya
juga deripada seMb kurang budi bichara-nya.
Di-dalam-nya, in the interior of it, in it.
Maka, of constant occurrence in and almost exclusively confined
to the written language — (1) in many cases simply marks
the beginning of a sentence, and cannot be translated ;
* From Kalilah dan Daminah (in F. Miiller, Textes malais, Vienna, 1882).
64
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE 65
(2) answers to "now" ("now there came a workman"),
"then" ; (3) introduces the apodosis. Hendak (see Grammar)
may here be translated " in order to," " for the purpose of."
Teldh, an auxiliary used to express past time ( — sudah) : teldh
. . , di-ambil-nya, " there had been taken by him." Brapa ?
" how much ? " is here equivalent to bebrapa, " some."
Batang, a numeral coefficient (see Grammar), used of trees
and long objects generally. Ter-bawa, a sort of passive
participle : tiada terbawa, " not to be carried," u which
could not be carried."
Pun, an expletive particle, which, however, frequently gives
force to a phrase, " even," " too," " also," " nor," " neither " :
according to one authority it is the distinctive sign of the
nominative. Lain, "to pass," "proceed," is frequently
used in the sense of "and then." Pulang makan, "he
went back to eat " : the word " to " is not indicated (cp.
Fr. je vais chercher).
Ekor (ikur), numeral coefficient, used of animals (see Grammar).
Orang itu, " by the man " : in the passive construction the
preposition ulih (" by ") may be omitted.
Di-grak-grak-kan-nya : the intransitive radical grak (here re-
duplicated to add intensity), " to move," becomes transitive
by the addition of -kan : " it was repeatedly, violently
shaken by him." Blah-an ; the suffix -an is very common
in the formation of nouns from verbs.
Ini-lah : lah is either a mere expletive or (more commonly) an
intensive particle, as ini-lah " this is," dia-lah, "he it was" ;
it is frequently added to the radical to give an imperative
sense, and also in the formation of the past tense. Pri-
nya : nya here stands for the plural of the pronoun : " this
is the way of those persons who." Orang : plural, " of
other people."
Juga may here be translated "merely," "simply." Deripada
sebab, lit., "from the reason," i.e., "on account of."
Free Translation
In the interior of a certain forest a number of monkeys lived on
the branches of the trees. Now a workman came to get wood for
building purposes. After he had taken away a great deal there
remained one very big log, which he was unable to carry. So he
split it and inserted a wedge (wedges). Then, when it was midday,
he left the log with the wedge in it and went home to dinner.
"When one of the monkeys saw that he had gone home he came
down from the tree and jumped up on the split log, and kept
shaking it violently till the wedge tumbled out. His tail was
caught in the cleft, and, being unable to extricate it, he died. Now
E
66 MALAY MANUAL
when the man who had split the log came back he saw a dead
monkey caught in the cleft, took it, and threw it away.
This is what happens to those who interfere with other people's
business instead of minding their own. They bring destruction
upon themselves because of the lack of wisdom in their counsel.
II
Ada sa-buah negri, maka dalam negri itu ada dua orang saudagar
bersahabat, berkasih-kasihan kadua-nya. Maka sa-orang mem-bli
besi sa-ribu pikul banyak-nya, maka di - taruhkan - nya amanat
kapada sahabat-nya itu serta kata-nya : Biyar-lah tinggal besi ini
kapada tuan hamba, karna hamba hendak pulang ka-negri hamba,
maka apabila datang, bulih-lah kita juaL Hata maka saudagar itu-
pun kombali-lah. Sa-telah bebrapa lama-nya ia pulang itu, maka
ulih saudagar, sahabat-nya itu, di-jualkan-lah besi itu dengan harga
yangbaik. Maka ka-dengar-an-lah khabar kapada saudagar yang
pulang itu, meng-ata-kan besi ada baik harga : maka segra-lah ia
datang men-dapat-kan sahabat-nya serta kata-nya : Apa-kah hal
besi kita itu, karna sekarang ada harga baik ? Maka sahut sahabat-
nya itu : Tiada-kah tuan hamba men-engar khabar, bahwa besi yang
tuan hamba amanatkan kapada hamba itu sudah habis di-makan
tikus ? Maka jawab sahabat-nya : Jikalau sudah habis di-makan
tikus, sudah-lah. Adapun kalakuan-nya terlebih pula ia berkasih-
kasihan dengan sahabat-nya itu deripada dahulu-nya. Hata pada
suatu hari di-jamu ulih saudagar yang kiyanat itu akan sahabat-nya.
Sa-telah sahabat-nya itu pergi ka-rumah-nya, maka ulih saudagar
itu di-brikan kapada anak-nya bedak dan langir, kata-nya : Pergi-
lah angkau bersama-sama mandi dengan sahabat-ku ini. Lalu
berjalan-lah kadua-nya pergi mandi. Sa-telah sudah, maka kombali-
lah kadua-nya : sa-telah sampei ka-tengah jalan, lalu saudagar itu
mem-anggil anak itu, di-bawa-nya kapada sa-buah kampong, lalu
di-sembunikan-nya. Sa-telah sudah, maka kombaK-lah ia ka-
rumah sahabat-nya. Maka kata saudagar, yang ampunya anak
itu : Dimana anak hamba tadi yang bersama-sama dengan tuan
hamba ?
Maka sahut sahabat - nya : Tiada - kah tuan hamba menengar
khabar-nya, tatkala ia mandi bersama-sama dengan hamba tadi,
tiba-tiba datang-lah sa-ekor helang, lalu di-sambar-nya akan dia,
di-bawa-nya terbang ? Maka jawab saudagar itu : 'ajaib sakali !
ada-kah bulih helang menyambar kanak - kanak sa - besar itu ?
Maka jadi berbantah-lah kadua-nya, lalu pergi -lah kadua-nya,
mendapatkan hakim, serta mengadu-lah yang kahilangan anak itu
kapada hakim. Maka kata hakim : Dimana-kah anak-nya, yang
kau-bawa serta -mu itu ? Ada-kah bulih helang menyambar kanak-
kanak sabesar itu?
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE 67
Buah, numeral co-efficient (see Grammar) for fruits, also applied
to towns, houses, ships, islands. Ber-sahabat, from the
Arabic sahabat (friend) with the prefix ber- (see Grammar),
which forms verbs expressing a state or condition, really
of the nature of adjectives : "on friendly terms." Kadua-
nya, both of them.
Sa-orang, one of them. Ditaruhkannya amanat : " he entrusted
it " (lit., it was placed by him as a deposit, in trust). Serta
kata-nya, "saying" (lit., with his word). Tuan hamba,
you (lit., master of your servant) ; hamba or hamba tuan
(servant of the master), I. Datang : " come (back)."
Hata (Ar.), an expletive, which with maka may be translated
" and so " ; hata always stands at the beginning of a
sentence.
Dengan harga yang baik, " for a good price " (lit., with a price
which is good, the relative yang being often used in this
manner to connect the noun and attributive adjective).
Meng-atakan, to say ( = merjg-kata-kan, the & being dropped
after the prefix meng- : see Grammar). Baik harga, " good
as to price." Apa-kah hal best kita itu? "how about that
iron of ours ? (lit., what is the condition of . . . ?).
Bahwa, usually an expletive or punctuation word, placed at
the beginning of a speech or letter (" now look you ") may
be rendered (as here) by "that," when preceded by verbs
like "know," "learn," "hear," "say."
Sudah habis, auxiliaries used separately or together to express
past time (see Grammar). Tikus, " by rats," the preposi-
tion ulih being omitted in the passive construction. Sudah-
lah, " it's all over," i.e., there's no more to be said.
Adapun : "now as for." Terlebih pula, "even more."
Akan, accusative particle : the accusative akan sahabat-nya
depends on the passive di-jamu, "there was invited by
the fraudulent merchant his friend" (instead of "the
fraudulent merchant invited his friend").
Maka, here introducing the apodosis. -ku, " my."
Memanggil (from panggil, the p being dropped after mem- : see
Grammar), " to call." Di-bawa-nya, " it was taken by him."
Khabar-nya, " the news about him." JDi-sambar-nya akan dia :
cp. di-jamu akan sahabat-nya above.
Menyambar, from sambar, the s being omitted after the prefix
meny-. Sa-besar itu : " as big as that."
Jadi, " to become," " be born," " take place " : «adi berbantan^
"they fell to quarrelling." Serta, "when." Yang kahi-
langan anak : " the man who had lost his child."
Kau-bawa = angkau bawa. Serta-mu, "with you," mu being
the abbreviated form of kamu.
68 MALAY MANUAL
III
Conclusion of the above, for Translation into Malay
And the merchant answered : Sir, could rats eat 1,000 pikuls of
iron ? If a hawk cannot carry off a child as big as that, neither
can rats eat so much iron.
When the judge heard what the merchant said he was greatly
astonished, and said : What is the meaning of your words ? I don't
understand them : tell me.
Then the merchant, to whom the iron had belonged, related all
that had happened to him from the beginning. When the judge
heard the merchant's story, he marvelled and said to the merchant
to whom the child belonged : If this be so, give him back his iron,
and no doubt he will restore your child to you.
Then the merchant sold his house and his valuables and paid his
brother merchant. After that his child was restored to him.
Order of Words and Hints for Translation
And answered that merchant : Can it be, my lord, (that) rats eat
1000 pikuls of iron ? For if a hawk cannot carry off so big a child,
then rats also cannot eat iron such a quantity. And when was
heard by the judge the speech of that merchant, he was astonished,
and said : What (is) the meaning of this thy speech ? I do not
understand it : tell me. And was related by the merchant who
possessed that iron, his fortune from the beginning to its end.
When was heard by the judge the narrative of this merchant,
then he was astonished, and said to the merchant who possessed
that child : If (it is) so, give back his iron, certainly is given
back by him thy child. And by that merchant was sold his
house and his valuables, and then was paid by him to that (other)
iiier chant. After (this) happened, then his child was also given
oack by him to him.
And, maka. Can it be, ada-kah. Eats, tikus (there is no need
to express the plural, the reference being to rats generally).
For if, maka jikalau. Cannot, tiada bulih. Then, maka
(introducing the apodosis). Also, pun. Such a quantity,
sa-banyak itu.
And, maka. When, apabila. Was heard by the judge the
speech (pcrkataari) : use the construction with akan, of
which examples occur in the Malay extracts. He was
astonished, terchengang - lah. And said, lalu kata - nya.
What, apa-kah. Meaning, arti.
Understand, mengarti. Tell me, cheritrakan-lah (narrate it).
And, maka. Possess, ampunya. Fortune, hal. From . . .
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE 69
to, deripada . . . sampei. Beginning, permulaan. End,
kasudahan.
Narrative, cheritra (construction with akari). He was astonished,
hairan-lah, and said, serta kata-nya. To, kapada. So,
demikian. Give back, pulangkan. Certainly, nis-chaya.
By him, -nya. Thy child, anak-mu
By, ulih. Sell, jualkan. Valuables, herta benda. And then,
lalu. Pay, bayarkan.
After this happened, sa-teldh sudah. Then, maka. Was given
back by him, di-kombalikan-nya-lah.
IV1
Maka kata segala orang, yang berilmu : Bahwa deripada sakalian,
yang di-jadikan Allah Taala itu tiada lebih besar deri kalam,
karna sakalian 'ilmu deripada pertama datang kapada kasudahan,
itu tiada dapat di-katahu-i melainkan dengan kalam juwa.
Bahwa dunya itu seperti perhentian juwa pada antara jalan
dengan dua pintu-nya. Barang siapa, yang datang kapada perhentian
itu, maka pada hari ini masuk-lah ia deripada satu pintu-nya, dan
pada esok hari-nya kaluar-lah ia deripada pintu-nya, yang lain.
VI
Maka kapada sa-orang hakim orang bertanya demikian : Apa
pri pada sa-orang manusia, yang menghilangkan segala kapujian
manusia, dan apa pri, yang menghilangkan segala kachela-an
manusia ? Maka kata hakim itu : Adapun pri, yang menghilang-
kan segala kapujian manusia ia-itu pri kikiran, karna barang siapa
yang kikir suatu kabajikan pun tiada pada-nya ; dan pri yang
menghilangkan segala kachela-an manusia ia-itu pri kamurahan,
karna barang siapa yang derma wan segala kabajikan pun ada
pada-nya.
VII
Ada sa-orang raja pada zaman dahulukala menitahkan berbuat
maligei yang amat indah perbuatan-nya dan perhiasan-nya. Apabila
sudah-lah maligei itu maka raja itupun menitahkan memanggil
segala isi negri berjamu akan marika-itu. Maka sakalian marika-
itu pun datang-lah ka-maligei itu, makan dan minum bersuka-
i This and the two following extracts are from the Malay work Kalildh
dan Daminah.
70 MALAY MANUAL
suka-an. Shahaddn raja pun menitahkan orang yang menunggu
pintu : Barang siapa kaluar deripada pintu maligei ini, hendak-lah
kamu tanya-i akan dia : Ada-kah 'aib-nya maligei ini atau tiada-
kah ? Maka sakalian marika-itu pun masing-masing kaluar-lah,
maka orang yang menunggu pintu itupun menanya-i tiap-tiap,
yang kaluar, sa-orang-orang deripada marika-itu. Maka sahut
marika-itu : Suatu pun tiada aib pada maligei ini. Maka kasudah-
sudalian marika-itu kaluar-lah bebrapa orang, memakei kain kasar,
maka di-tanya-i penunggu pintu-lah akan dia : Ada-kah kamu lihat
suatu 'aib pada maligei ini ? Maka sahut marika-itu : Behkan, ada
dua 'aib pada maligei ini. Demi di-dengar penunggu pintu kata
marika-itu demikian, maka ia-pun menahani marika-itu, lalu di-
persambahkan-nya kapada raja ; demikian sambah-nya : Ya tuan-ku
shah alam, ada-lah di-perhamba dapat bebrapa orang, yang menga-
takan : Pada maligei ini ada dua 'aib. Demi raja menengar sambah-
nya demikian, maka sabda raja : kau-panggil akan dia ! Maka
marika-itu pun datang-lah. Maka sabda raja : Apa dua 'aib,
yang kamu lihat pada maligei ini ? Maka sambah marika-itu :
Ya tuan - ku shah alam, pertama 'aib maligei ini, akan rusak
binasa jua ada-nya, dan kadua, mati jua segala isi-nya. Maka
sabda raja : Ada-kah kamu katahu-i maligei, yang tiada binasa
dan tiada mati isi-nya ? Maka sambah marika-itu : Ya tuan-ku
shah alam, ada maligei, yang tiada binasa dan tiada mati segala
isi-nya ia-itu shirk. Maka di-persambahkan-nya pula segala
anika-anika bagei-bagei na'amat-nya hingga di-rindukan marika-itu
akan raja itu kapada shirk. Maka di-persambahkan-nya pula
naraka dan segala asab-nya dan di-pertakuti-nya akan raja itu
deripada bagei-bagei siksa naraka dan di-bawa ia ulih marika-itu
akan berbuat ibadat akan Allah Ta'ala. Demi di-dengar raja sambah
marika-itu, maka masuk insaf-lah pada hati-nya serta tobat. Lalu
kaluar ia deri dalam maligei-nya serta meninggalkan segala karaja-
an-nya, maka berjalan-lah ia kapada jalan Allah Ta'ala. Rahmatu
'llahi 'aleihi.
VIII1
Deri kisah pelayaran Abdullah Jca-negri Mekak
Bahwa sahaya berlayar deri negri Singapura dalam kapal shaikh
Abdu'lkarim, yang bernama Subla as-salam, ia-itu kapada sanat
1275, kapada 29 hari bulan Jumad el-awal, ia-itu kapada tarikh
Masehi 1854. Maka dengan tulung Allah dua hari, katiga sampei-
lah ka-laut Malaka, tetapi tiada singgah, maka berlayar-lah juga
dengan angin utara. Maka di-bri Allah tiga hari, kaampat-nya
sampei-lah ka-pulau Penang, itupun tiada-lah singgah, lalu juga
berlayar. Maka kapada hari Ahad, tuju hari bulan, pada malam
1 The work from which this extract is taken was originally written for the
use of Englishmen learning Malay.
THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE 71
pukul sembilan, turun-lah angin utara kinchang terlalu ; maka
ombak dan gelombang terlalu besar. Maka kapal sa-besar itu
menjadi seperti kulit sabut di-tengah laut, di-hempaskan gelombang
itu timbul-tenggalam. Maka segala peti-peti dan barang-barang
di-kapal yang di-kiri datang ka-kanan, dan yang di-kanan ka-kiri,
sahingga sampei-lah pada pagi. Maka ada pukul sa-blas, teduh-lah
angin itu, maka di-layarkan-lah juga sampei-lah kira-kira pukul
ampat, petang ka-pulau Perak. Adapun pulau itu, tiada-lah sa-
halei rumput atau pohon-pohon, melainkan batu sahaja bertambun
putih, kalihatan deri jauh rupa-nya seperti perak. Maka sebab
itu-lah di-namakan orang pulau Perak. Maka di-situ-lah perhim-
punan segala burong-burong berjenis-jenis tidor. Maka pada waktu
maghrib datang-lah ampat ikur burong terbang berkuliling-kuliling
kapal itu, maka sebab ia sudab kamalaman bendak pergi tidor
ka-pulau itu, lalu menghinggap-lah di-atas andang-andang kapal,
lalu naik-lah kbalasi perlahan-perlaban menangkap ; maka dapat-
lah. Adapun burong yang tersebut itu, bulu-nya biru dan paruh-
nya ada tuning, maka kaki - nya seperti kaki itek. Maka ada
dapat ampat ikur lalu di-sembleb, maka di-masak dan di-goring.
Maka kapada sembilan hari bulan kalihatan-lah jajahan tanah
Acbeh, ada kira-kira dua hari berlayar panjang-nya tiada-lah
berputusan. Maka kemdian deripada itu berlayar-lah dalam lautan
besar dengan tiada melihat barang sa-suatu, melainkan aver dan
langit, menyabrang lautan besar sembilan hari sembilan malam,
maka baharu-lah kalihatan pulau Seilan. Kapada sa-blas hari
baharu-lah sampei ka-Gali ; maka datang-lah bebrapa prahu pengail
ikan membawa bebrapa jenis ikan, rupa-nya hampir-hampir seperti
bambangan ; dan di-bawa-nya ikan sotong, ada kira-kira sa-gantang ;
maka di-bli dua bias sen. Sa-telah petang hari, maka datang-lah
pula dua tiga buah prahu membawa sadikit limau manis dan limau
jambua dan nanas, serta di-bawa ulih marika-itu suatu sumpit yang
berikat ia-itu penuh-lah dalam-nya dengan berjenis batu-batu dan
chinchin-chinchin dan intan Seilan, dengan tiada dapat ku-tuliskan
jenis-nya dan macham-nya, sakalian itu jualan belaka. Hata sa-
telah itu, maka sampei-lah kapal itu bertentangan dengan gunung
Seilan ; maka dengan sabentar itu bersurak-lah segala khalasi serta
memukul talam dan gendang, maka sabentar itu juga di-pakeikan-
lah ulih marika-itu sa-orang Habshi seperti orang tuah, dengan
tongkat di-tangan serta berjanggut panjang ; maka di-ikut ulih
kabanyakan orang lain dengan menarinari, datang ka-hadapan
nr^hoda-nya serta aku ada duduk, di-sambah-nya. Maka masing-
masing pun membri-lah duit bebrapa kadar-nya ; maka pada masa
itu bertanya-lah sahaya kapada kapala khalasi itu, ia-itu serang
Muhammad nama-nya, maka kata-nya : Bagini-lah adat-nya, barang-
barang kapala jikalau sampei kamari, bersuka-suka meminta duit,
sebab hendak membli barang-barang makanan, hendak membacha
fatihah nama bapa kita Adam, aleihi as-salam.
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO THE EXERCISES
Active verbs with the prefix me- and its modifications and
derivative nouns must be looked for, as a rule, under the
radical (for the euphonic changes see Part I, page 10). The
other particles used in the formation of derivatives should also
be borne in mind.
It is also important, when consulting other vocabularies, to
remember that a and e, o and ii are frequently interchanged : thus,
suruh may be found elsewhere as suroh. Again, the indeterminate
vowel sound (see Vowels in Grammar), when preceding an accented
syllable, is often omitted, both in spelling and pronunciation :
thus, besdr1 is written bsar. Shellabear in his romanized Malay-
English Vocabulary invariably omits this vowel.
pi. = plural ; trans. = transitive ; intrans.= intransitive ;
vulg.=vulgar dialect.
Jav. as Javanese ; Ar. = Arabic ; Pers. = Persian ; Sk. = Sanskrit ; Eng. =
English; D. = Dutch; Hind. = Hindustani ; Port. = Portuguese ; Chin. =
Chinese; Tarn. = Tamil.
Acheh, Acheen Allah (Ar.), God (Mohammedan)
Ada, there is, are, was, were ; to be ; Amanat (Ar.), trustworthy; trust,
an auxiliary used in the formation trustee ; amanatkan, to entrust
of tenses ; also expresses ' ' to have," Amds, mas, gold
"possess" Amdt, very
Adapun, now (introducing a sen- Ambil, to take, take away, fetch,
tence), seeing that, as for procure ; pergi ambil, to fetch ;
Adat (Ar.), custom, habit suruh ambil, to send for
Adu, to lodge a complaint Ampun, pardon ; ampunkan, to
A gas, a gnat pardon, forgive
Ahwal (Ar.), pi. of hal Ampunya, to own
'Aib (Ar.), sin, shame, fault Anak, child; anak lahi-lahi, son;
*Ajaib {Ar.), wonderful anak per ampuan, daughter; also
Akan, to, for (dative) ; as for ; auxili- used in the formation of many
ary used in expressing the future idiomatic compounds
Akhirat (Ar.), future life, the other Andang, sail-yard
world Anggor (Pers.), wine
Aku, I Angin, wind
Aku, to confess, acknowledge, claim Angkat, to take away, lift up ;
Alahkan, to defeat, conquer angkat makanan, to clear the
'Aleihi as-salam ! on him be peace ! table
1 Particular attention should be paid to these accented syllables as an aid
to pronunciation. Except where marked, the accent is as a rule on the last
syllable but one.
72
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
73
Anglcau, you, generally used when
addressing inferiors, but to be
avoided where possible
Anika-anika (Sk.), of all sorts, mani-
fold
Antah, an expression of doubt; I
don't know, I am not sure
Antara (Sk.), space between, interval;
di-dalam antara itu, meanwhile
Anu, a certain (person or place)
Anugrah (Sk.), present, gift; anu-
grahkan, to make a present, bestow
a favour
Any ay a (Sk.), oppression, injustice
Apa ? what ? also an expletive intro-
ducing an interrogative sentence
Apabila, when
Api, fire
'Aralc (Ar.), spirituous liquor
Arang, charcoal ; arang batu, coal
Arti (Sk.), sense, meaning; meng-
arti, to understand
Asab, see 'Azdb
Asal (Ar.), origin
A sing, foreign, stranger
Atas, top, upper part ; on, above,
over ; diatas, on the top of, up-
stairs ; deri atas, from the top of,
from above ; ka-atas, on to the top
of ; atas hamba, it is my duty
Atau, or
Ayer, water, juice ; ayer anggor,
wine ; ayer minum, drinking water
'Azab (Ar.), torture
Bacha, to read
Bagei, manner, olass, sort ; bagei-
bagei, of various kinds
Bagimana f how ?
Baginda, prince, king ; orang yang
dibawah baginda, the court
Bagini, thus, so ; bagini banyak, so
much
Bagitu, thus, so
Bahagiya (Sk.), good fortune
Baharu, new, fresh ; just now
Bahasa (Sk.), language, good
manners
Bahwa, usually an expletive, intro-
ducing a speech or letter, some-
thing like "now, look you"; it
may be rendered by "that" after
a verb like "know," "learn,"
"hear," "say "
Baih, good ; baik-baik, take care !
Baji, wedge
Baju, coat
Bakds, bekds, mark, impression,
track ; consequence
Balas, reply, retaliation, requital,
revenge ; balaskan, to reply, re-
taliate, requite
Balei, hall, public building
Batik, to return, come back, turn
Bambangan, a kind of fish (un-
identified)
Bangsa (Sk. ), caste, family, origin
Bangun, to awake, get up ; ban-
gunkan, to wake (trans.)
Bantah, berbantah, to dispute, quarrel
Bantun, to pull out
Banyak, much, many, very ; quan-
tity, amount
Bapa, father
Barang, some, any ; barang orang,
any one, whoever ; barang apa,
anything, whatever ; barangkali,
perhaps ; barang siapa, any one,
whoever ; barang sa-suatu, any-
thing
Barang, thing, property ; barang-
barang, luggage, baggage
Barang ! would that !
Baring, to lie down
Basoh, to wash
Batang, stem ; numeral co- efficient
(see Grammar), used of trees and
long objects generally
Batangan, toll-bar
Batu, stone
Bawa, to bring, take, drive ; bawa
pergi, take away ; bawa masuk,
bring in
Bawah, below, under ; di - bawah,
below, downstairs ; ka - bawah,
below (of direction)
Bayar, to pay ; bayaran, payment
Beb&l, ignorant, foolish
Bebrapa, some ; bebrapa lama-nya,
after some time
Bedak, cosmetic, toilet powder
Bedidi, see Berdidi
Behkan, yes, certainly, moreover
Beit el-mal (Ar.), treasury
Bekerja, to work
Bekin, bikin, to make, do
Beta (Ar.), misfortune
Betaka, all together, in one lot
Belon, see Belum
Belum, not yet ; sometimes a simple
negative ; belum lagi, not up till
now
74
MALAY MANUAL
Bendr, just, true, correct
Berangkat,1 to set out, start
Berbuat, to do, carry out ; di-perbuat
(passive)
Berburu, hunting (participle) ; orang
berburu, huntsman ; to hunt
Bercherei, to separate, part (from,
dengan)
Berdidi, boiling
Berdusta, liar
Berguna, useful ; to be of use
Berhenti (generally pronounced
brenti), to stop
Berikat, tied up
Berilmu, learned
Berisi, loaded (of a gun)
Beristri, to have a wife ; married
Berjalan, to walk, set out ; berjalan-
jalan, to go for a walk
Berjamu, to entertain (as a host,
with akan), to be a guest
Berjanggat, bearded, with a beard
Berjenis-jenis, of all sorts
Berjual, one who sells, salesman
Berkasih-kasihan, to love one another
Berkata, to spenk
BerkulUing-kuliling, round about
Berlabuh, to cast anchor
Berlaki, having a husband ; to be
married (to, akan)
Berlaku, to pass current
Ber iayer, to sail, set sail
Bermain-main, to play, amuse one-
self
Bernama, named
Bemyala, burning ; to burn
Berpaut, to hold fast
Berpindah, to change one's abode
Bersalahan, mistaken, to make a
mistake
Bersama-sama, together with
Bersih, see Bresih
Bersuami, to have a husband, married
(to, akan) ; bersuamikan, to take a
man as a husband
Bersukasuka-an, to enjoy oneself
Bersurak, to shout for joy
Bertambun, heaped up, in heaps
Bertanya, to ask, enquire ; bertan-
yakan, to ask about
Berteguh, to be firm, secure
Bertemuj to come together, to meet
(with, dengan)
Bertentangan [dengan), opposite (to)
Berulih, to get possession of, acquire
Berutang, berhutang, indebted, owe
Besdr, large
Besi (vulg., bessi), iron
Besok, see Esok
Betapa f how ?
Betul ,true, correct, right (of a watch)
Biasa(Sk.), accustomed ; to accustom
oneself
Bichara (Sk.), deliberation, counsel,
advice, opinion ; (vulg.) to speak
Biji, numeral co-efficient of small
objects (see Grammar)
Bila, when, when?
Bilang, to count, reckon, tell
Bilik, room ; bilik tidor, bedroom
Binasa (Sk.), ruin, destruction ; to
go to ruin, be destroyed ; binasa-
kan, to destroy
Binatang, animal
Bit (vulg.), beer
Biri-biri, sheep
Biru, blue
Bisa, poison, poisonous ; (vulg.)
to be able, to understand, know
how to
Biyar, to allow, let
Blah, to split ; blahan, the part split,
cleft
Blajar, to learn
Bli, to buy
Bom (Eng., D.), the pole or shafts of
a carriage
Boomwachter (D.) =juru batangan
(see Juru)
Boot (Eng.), boot
Botol (Eng.), bottle
Brani, brave ; bravery ; to be brave ;
kabranian, boldness, courage
Brapa? how much ? how many ? brapa
kali ? how often ? pukul brapa ?
what time is it ? brapa lama-nya ?
how long ? Also used for bebrapa>
as brapa banyak, a considerable
amount
Brat, heavy, difficult
Bresih (bersih), clean
Bri, to give, allow ; bri ampun, to
forgive; bri hormat, to honour;
bri mohon (pohon), to give leave ;
bri tahu, to let know, inform ; bri
tulung, to help ; bri hatang, to
lend ; brikan, to give, present
Brus (Eng.), brush ; bruskan, to brush
1 For the nature of compounds with prefix ber-t see Grammar.
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
75
Buah, fruit ; buah pala, nutmeg ;
numeral co - efficient of houses,
towns, ships, islands ; buah-buahan,
fruits, fruit generally
Buang, to throw away
Buat (vulg.), in order to
Buat, to do, make ; buat jaga, to wait
upon
Bubuh, to put, place
Budi (Sk.), wisdom, prudence
Buka, to open
Bukan, no, not (emphatic negative),
is not, are not
Buku (Eng.), book
Bulan, moon, month ; bulan baharu,
new moon ; bulan pernama, full
moon ; bulan perbani, the first or
last quarter
Bulih, to be able ; used to express,
"can," "may," "might," "will" ;
itu bulih, that will do
Bulu, feather, plumage
Bunghar, unpack
Bunyi, sound, noise ; bunyi sural, the
contents of a letter; to cause to
sound, to pronounce
Burong, bird
Busuk, rotten, stinking
Chabut, to pull out, dig up ; chabut
setop (vulg., better penchabut
sempal), corkscrew
Chahari (chari), to seek, look for
Chakap, to speak
Chara (Sk.), style
Chaivang (chabang), branch
Chelaka, misfortune ; wretch
Chelana, trousers, drawers
Cheritrakan (Sk.), to narrate, tell a
story
Chemdu, cigar
China, China ; orang China,) China-
man
Chinchang, to chop up
Chinchin, finger ring
Chita (Sk.), feeling ; chita rasa, agree-
able taste
CJwba, to try ; often used like
"please" in giving orders
Chokoldt, chocolate
Chonto, pattern, sample, specimen
Chuacha, fine weather
Chuchi, to clean, wash
Chukei, tax, duty ; rumah chukei,
custom house
Chukur, to shave ; tukang chukur,
barber ; pisau chukur, razor
Churl, to steal
Coat (Eng.), coat
Corkscrew (Eng.). corkscrew
Dagang, foreigner, merchant
Daging, meat ; daging babi, pork ;
daging lembu, beef ; daging biri-
biri, mutton
Dahulu (vulg. ,dulu), previous, former;
before (adverb) ; dahulukcda, zaman
dahulukala, in ancient times
Daku—aku
Dalam, the interior ; deep, depth ;
in, inside ; also used (in court
language) of the palace, the royal
household
Dan, and
Dapat, to get, procure, be able ;
dapat kombali, to get back ; dapat-
ka,n, to search for, hunt up a person
Darat, dry land, as opposed to water
Datang, to come, arrive ; slamat
datang ! welcome !
Datang, up to ; deripada . . . datang,
from ... to ; datang kapada, up to
Daun, leaf
Dawat (Ar.), ink
Dekdt, near
Demi, by (in oaths), when, as soon
as
Demikian, so, in this manner
Dengan, with ; dengan tiada, without
Dengar, to hear ; kadengaran,1 it was
heard, came to the ears of any one
Deri, from ; deri kechil mula, from
childhood ; expresses ' ' than " after
a comparative ; deri atas, from
above
Derimana? whence?
Deri-pada, from, on account of, since ;
like deri, expresses " than "
Derma (Sk.), alms, goodwill; der-
mawan, charitable
Di, in, at, on
Di-, prefix which forms the passive
Dia, pronoun of the 3rd person,
singular and plural
Dlam, to be silent, dwell, live
Di-atas. above, upstairs
1 For words thus formed, see Verb in Grammar.
t»-bL*U -zzMrtP
76
MALAY MANUAL
Di-bawah, below, downstairs
Dikau = angkau
Di-luar, without, outside
Di-mana I where ?
Di-perharriba (the slave), I
Diri, self ; diri-ku, I myself ; diri-
mu, you yourself ; diri-nya, he
himself ; sa-orang diri, alone, by
oneself ; pekerja-an diri-nya, their,
one's own affairs
Di-sana, there
Di-sini, here
Di-sisi, close by, at the side of
Di-situ, there
Blaif(Av.), weak
Do(a (Ar.), prayer
Dobi (Hind.), washerman
Doktor (vulg.), doctor ; doktor kuda,
veterinary surgeon
Bras, quick, fast
Duduk, to sit down, dwell ; duduk
kareta, to go for a drive
Duit, money (a small copper coin)
Dulu, see Dahulu
Dunya (Ar.), the world
Durhaka, traitor
Dusta (Sk.), false, lying
Dusun, village ; country, as opposed
to town
Eja, ija, to spell
Ekor, see Ikur
^Elmu (Ar.), knowledge, learning,
science
Entah, see Antah
Esok, esok hari, to-morrow »
Faham1 (Ar.), understanding
Fatihah, the first sura (chapter) of
the Koran
Fedluli (Ar.), to trouble oneself about
Fikir (Ar.), to think, reflect ; Jikiran,
thought, idea, opinion
Gaji, wages ; orang gaji, servant
Gampang (Jav.), easy
Gantang, a measure of capacity,
about a gallon and a quarter
Garam, salt
Geddng, storehouse
Gelombang, large wave, breaker
Gendang, a kind of drum
Gendi, jug, water glass
Gigi, tooth
Gila, mad
Glap, dark
Glas, drinking-glass
Goring, to fry, roast
Gosok, to rub ; gosokgigi, tooth-brush
Goyang, to ring (a bell)
Grak, to move (intrans.) ; grak-kan,
to move (trans. )
Gula, sugar
Guna(Sk.), use
Gunapa I why ?
Gunong, mountain
Gunting, scissors ; guntingkan, to cut
with scissors
Guruh, thunder
Gusung, reef
Habis, finished, to be at an end ; like
sudah (with which it is often com-
bined), it is used in expressing past
time ; habiskan, to finish
Habshi, an Abyssinian
Hadap, to present oneself to some
one, to visit or interview some
one ; hadapkan, to introduce ; hada-
pan, presence ; di-hadapan, in the
presence of
Hadlir (Ar.), hadir, present
Hak (Ar.), right, justice
Hakim (Ar.), judge
Hakim, wise man, philosopher
Hal (Ar.), state, circumstance; hal
ahwal, circumstances, everything
connected with the subject
Hamba, slave; used for "I" when
speaking to superiors
Hampir-hampir, almost
Handuk (vulg.), towel
Hangat, hot (of artificial heat)
Hangus, burnt, consumed
Hanya, only, except, but
Hanyut, to drift ; hanyutkan, to set
adrift
Harga (Sk.), price
Hari, day ; ini hari, to-day ; esok
hari, to-morrow ; hari A had, Sun-
day
Harimau (vulg., arimau), tiger
Harip, sleepy, tired
Harta (Sk.), herta, property, goods;
harta benda, goods and chattels
Harus, necessary ; it is necessary
1 In words from the Arabic / is frequently pronounced p [fikir as pikir,
faham as paham).
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
77
Rata (Ar.), an expletive; may be
rendered "now," "and so"
Hati, the liver, heart (as seat of the
feelings)
Haus, thirsty
Rei, used in calling some one, as
English 4 ' hi ! "
Heiran (Ar.), to wonder
Relang, generic name for birds of the
hawk tribe
Hempaskan, to throw, hurl
Hendak, wish, intention; to wish,
intend ; auxiliary used in express-
ing the future ; hendakkan, to desire
(trans.); kahendak, wish, will,
intention
Ridup, life ; living ; to live ; hidupi,
to save a person's life
Rilang, lost, to be lost, to lose ;
hilangkan, to cause to be lost ;
kahilangan, deprived of, having
lost
Ringga, until, as far as
Ring gap, to perch upon
Rintei, to watch for, spy, lie in
ambush
Hitam, black, dark (of colour)
Ritung, to reckon, count, calculate
Horloji (Port.), watch
Hotd, hotel
Rujan, rain ; to rain
Hukum (Ar.), judgment, sentence
Hukur, menghukur, to measure
Rulurkan, to lower (a rope)
Ruruf(Ar.), letters of the alphabet
Rutan, forest, jungle
Rutang, debt, loan; jual bri-bri
g, to sell on credit
la, commonly used in the written
language for dia
Ia-itu, that is to say, namely ; that
one
'Ibadat (Ar.), worship ; berbuat Hbadat
akan Allah, to worship God
Ibu, mother
lkan, fish
Ikat, to bind
Ikur, ekor, tail : numeral co-efficient
of animals ; sa-ikur harimau, a
tiger
Ikut, to follow, overtake ; terikut,
overtaken
iRmu : see '■Elmu
In (Ar. ), if ; in sha AUah (inshallah),
God willing
Indah, magnificent, valuable
Ingat, attention, to take care, pay
attention to (akan), to remember ;
ingatan, thoughts, attention
Inggris, English
Ini, this, these
Insaf ( Ar. ), justice
Intan, diamond
Isi, filled ; the contents of a thing ;
isi negri, the inhabitants of a
city ; isi surat, the contents of a
letter
Istimewa, especially, all the more
Istri(8k.), wife
Itek, duck
Itu, that, these
Itupun, thereupon, then, therefore
Jadi, to become, come into being,
happen, suffice ; itu jadi-lah, that
will do ; jadikan, to create
Jaga, to be awake, watch, wait upon
Jahat, bad ; kajahatan, badness
Jahit, to sew
Jajahan, district
Jalan, way, road, street ; to walk,
go on, go (of a watch) ; jalani, to
journey, visit (places) ; slamat jalan!
good-bye ! (to a person going) ;
jalan besi, railway (iron road)
Jam (Pers.), clock, watch, hour
Jamu, to entertain (a guest)
Jandela, jindela (Port.), window
Jangan, the negative of the impera-
tive, ■ ' do not ; also used in indirect
negative sentences ; jangankan, far
from, not only
Janji, agreement, contract, promise ;
to agree, stipulate
Jantan, male (of animals)
Jatuh, to fall ; jatuhkan, to let fall,
drop
Jauh, far, distant
Jawab (Ar.), answer
Jenis (Ar.), kind, sort
Jika, jikalau, if
Jindela, see Jandela
Jua, see Juga
Jual, to sell ; jvalan, for sale
Juga, also, likewise, just ; with an
adjective intensifies the meaning
Jumad d-awal, the fifth month of the
Mohammedan year
Juru, a skilled workman, like
tukang ; juru batangan, custom
house official
78
MALAY MANUAL
Ka-, to (usually of places, answering
the question ''whither?"); also a
derivative prefix
Kaampat, fourth
Ka-atas, on to, above, upwards
Kabaikan, goodness
Kabajikan, virtue, good deeds
Kabanyakan, number
Kabar1 (Ar., khdbar), news, informa-
tion ; kabarkan, to relate, inform ;
apa kabar ? what is the news ? how
goes it ? the usual greeting among
Malays, answered by kabar baik,
the news is good, very well
Kachela-an, blameworthy ; fault
Kadar-nya, in proportion to (their
means)
Kadli, Kadi, judge, cadi
Kadua, second, both
-kah, an interrogative suffix, which
may be added to any word in the
sentence
Kahadapan, to the presence of, before
Kain, cloth, clothes
Kaki, foot; leg
Kakurangan, want
Kalaik (Ar.), created beings, nature ;
kalik, the creator
Kalakuan, behaviour
Kalam (Ar.), pen
Kalau (vulg., kalu), if, in case that ;
kalau-kalau, perhaps
Kali, time (Fr., fois) ; brapa kali?
how often ?
Kalu, see Kalau
Kaluar, out (motion to outside) ; to
go out, get out ; pergi kaluar, to
travel
Kamanaf where ? whither? (of motion
to a place)
Kamar (vulg.), room; kamar tidor,
bedroom ; kamar mandi, bathroom
Kamarau, fine, dry weather
Kamari, here
Kameja (Port.), shirt
Kami, we
Kampong, to assemble ; quarter of
the town, village
Kama, you
Kamurahan, generosity, beneficence
Kanak-kanak, infant, small child
Kanan, right (opposed to "left");
ka-kanan, to the right
Kanching, button
Kandong, pocket
Kantor, office
Kapada, to (used to indicate the
dative), in, on (of time)
Kapal, ship ; kapal api, steamer (fire
ship)
Kapala, head, chief
Kapan, if, when, when ?
Kapujian (Sk.), that which is praise-
worthy, virtue
Karatan, rust
Kareta, kreta (Port.), carriage ; kareta
sewa, hired carriage, hackney
coach, cab
Kama (Sk.), because
Kartas, see Kertas
Kasar, coarse, rude
Kasih, favour, gift, love ; to give,
love ; also used in the sense of
" let," " make " : kasih bangun,
wake (trans.) ; kasih kluar (vulg.),
put out ; kasih lihat, show me ;
kasih tahu, let me know, inform me
Kasudahan, the end ; kasudah-suda-
han, finally
Kasut, shoes; tukang kasut, shoe-
maker
Kata, a word ; to say, speak ; kata-
nya, he said ; katakan, to say, tell
(something)
Katiga, third, the three
Kau, short for angkau
Kaum (Ar.), people, nation
Kay a, wealth, rich
Kayu, wood
KechU, small ; wang kechU, change
(small money)
Kejut, startled, frightened
Kelamarin, kelmarin, yesterday
Kemarin, see Kelamarin
Kembang, to expand (as liquids in
absorbent material) ; kertas kem-
bang, blotting-paper
Kemdian, after; kemdian deripada
itu, after that
Kenal, to know (be acquainted with
a person)
Kenapa? why?
Kentang, potato
Kerd, monkey
Kerja (Sk.), work, business, calling ;
kerjakan, to carry out
i In Arabic kh is a strong guttural, like ch in loch ; in Malay generally
pronounced as k.
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
79
Kertas, kartas (Ar.), paper ; kertas sa-
lei, sheet of paper; wang kertas ,
bank note (paper money)
Ketok, to knock
Khobar, see Kabar
Khalaik, see Kalaik
Khalasi (Pers.), sailor
Khidmat, kidmat (Ar.), service, office,
to bow to
Khiyanat, see Kiyanat
Kikir, stingy, avaricious ; hikiran,
avarice
Kilat, lightning
Kinchang, strong (of wind)
Kira, to calculate, think, suppose ;
kira-kira (1) accounts, (2) nearly,
about ; kira-nya, be kind enough to
Kir if left ; ka-kiri, to the left
Kirim, to send
Kisah (Ar.), story, narrative
Kita, we, us
Kitdb {At.) t book
Kiyanat (Ar.), deceit, treachery
Klambu, mosquito net
Klass, class
Kombali, to return, come back ;
again ; kombalikan, to give back
Kopi, coffee
Kopper (vulg.), box
Kotika, time, moment
Kras, hard, obstinate, strong (of tea,
etc.)
Kreja, vulg. for kerja
Kring, dry
Krusi (Ar. kursi), chair
-ku possessive suffix of the 1st person
Ku, short for aku
Kuasa (Sk.), power, 'might
Kuda, horse
Kulawarga(kalurga), family, relatives
Kuli, porter, coolie
Kulit, skin, bark, shell ; kulit sabut,
coco-nut shell
Kunchi, to lock
Kuning, yellow
Kunun, certainly, surely
Kurang, less, insufficient ; often ex-
presses the opposite of the adjective
it precedes, as kurang baik, bad ;
kurangkan, to diminish (trans.)
Kusir (vulg.), coachman
Kwat (Ar. kuwat), strength, strong ;
kwat-kicat, loudly
Kwe, kweh (vulg.), you
Lagi, more, yet, still
-lah, an expletive joined to any word
to emphasize it : itu-lah suami
hamba, that is my husband ; it is
especially common with the im-
perative and past tenses
Lain, other
Laki, husband
Laki-laki, man (as opposed to woman)
Laku, to sell well, be in demand, be
current (of coins)
Lalu, to pass, past ; then, thereupon
Lama, long ; length (of time) ; sabulan
lama-nya, a month's time ; brapa
lama-nya? how long ? bebrapa lama-
nya, some time
Lambat, slow, late
Lanchong, bad (of money)
Langir, cosmetics (used in the bath)
Langit, sky
Lantera (vulg. ), lantern
Lapar, hungry, hunger, to be hungry
Larang, to forbid, oppose ; larangan,
prohibited
Lari, to run ; larikan, to cause to
run, run away with
Laut, sea ; lautan, ocean
Layer, sail ; belayer, to set sail ;
pelayeran, voyage
Lebih, more ; before an adjective
gives it a comparative meaning ;
lebih suka, to prefer
Lei, numeral co-efficient used of
leaves, hair, sheets of paper, thin or
flat objects
Lekas, quick, fast (of a watch) ;
quickly, at once ; sa-lkas-lkas, as
soon as possible
Lembu, ox
Lepas, loose, free ; lepas-kan, to set
free
Leskar (Pers.), army, soldier, sailor
Letdk, letakkan, to place, put down,
lay down
Lihat, to see ; kalihatan, there was
seen (impersonal), visible, as seen ;
kalihatan bulan, phase of the moon
Lilin, wax, candle
Limau manis, orange; limaujambu,
jambua, guava
Littenan (vulg. ), lieutenant
Lizat (Ar.), pleasure, enjoyment,
agreeable taste, agreeable to the
taste
Lobang, hole
Locheng (Chin.), bell
Losen (Eng.), a dozen
0
80
MALAY MANUAL
Lupa, to forget
Luruh, to fall off (as leaves)
Lurung, lorong, street
Lusa, day after to-morrow
Ma'af (Ar.), pardon; ma'af kan, to
pardon
Mabuk, intoxicated ; mdbuk laut, sea-
sick
Macham, kind, sort
Machis (Eng.), matches
Madat, opium
Maghrib (Ar.), the west, sunset
Mah&l, dear
Maka, an expletive, which may be
translated "and," "then," "so" ;
it is rarely used except in the
written language, and then chiefly
at the beginning of a sentence, or
to mark the apodosis
Makan, to eat, cut (of a knife) ;
makan angin, to go for an airing
(eat the wind) ; makan pagi,
to breakfast ; makanan, food (a
general term for any meal)
Maksud (Ar.), intention, wish
Malam, night
Malay 'u, a Malay, Malayan
Maligei (Tarn.), palace
Mana? where? which? how? (short-
ened form of bagimana)
Mandi, to take a bath
Mandur (Port.), landlord
Mangkok, cup
Manis, sweet
Manusia (Sk.), mankind
Marah, angry, to be angry (with,
Mari I come here !
Marika-itu, they, them
Mas, see Amas
Masa, time
Masak, ripe, cooked, well done
Masehi, Christian ; tarikh Masehi,
the Christian era
Masing-masing, each, one by one
Masuk, to enter, set (of the sun) ;
masukkan, to cause to enter, in-
corporate
Mata, eye, blade (of a sword or
knife)
Matahari, sun (eye of day)
Matang, well done (of food)
Mati, dead , to die
Man, to wish, want; an auxiliary
used in expressing the future ; mau
. . . mau, either ... or ; mau ta
mau, whether you like it or not
Mayit, corpse
Mekak, Mecca
Meja (Port.), table
Melainkan, on the contrary, but,
except (after a negative)
Melanchong (vulg.), to go for a walk
Mendideh, to boil
Menengar (for mendengar), see
Dengar
Mengantok, sleepy
Mengapa? why?
Mengarti, to understand
Menjahit, to sew; tukang menjahit,
tailor
Mentah, raw, uncooked ; mentah
sedikit, underdone
Mentega (Port.), mantega, butter
Merah, red
Meskin ( Ar. ), poor, wretched
Minatu, see Tukang
Minggo (Port, domingo), a week ;
hari minggo, Sunday
Minta, to ask for ; used like our
"please"; minta do'a (Ar.), to
pray
Minum, to drink ; to smoke (tobacco)
Misti (vulg. ), musti, must
Mu=kamu, the 2nd personal pro-
noun, usually plural ; as a suffix
it has the meaning of the possessive
pronoun
Muatkan, to load a ship
Muda, young
Mudah, easy ; mudah - mudahan,
perhaps, if possible
Muka, face, front (of a house) ; di
muka, in front of, at
Mula,^ beginning ; mulai, to begin,
beginning
Mulut, mouth
Murah, cheap, generous
Murka (Sk.), angry, anger
Musim (Ar.), season, weather
Na'amat (Ar.), pleasure, favour
Naik, to go up, get up ; naik darat,
to go ashore ; naik kareta, to go
for a drive
Nakhoda (Pers. ), captain of a ship
Noma (Sk.), name
Nanas, pineapple
Nanti, to wait ; auxiliary used in ex-
pressing the future ; nantikan, to
wait for
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
81
Nardka (Sk.), hell
Negri, town, city, country
Nenek moyang, ancestors
Nis-chaya (Sk.), certainly
Nomhor (Eng.), nommor, number
-nya, pronominal suffix of the 3rd
person singular, his, her ; after
prepositions it represents the ac-
cusative of the personal pronoun
of the 3rd person ; added to
verbs, it is usually found in the
passive construction, and is equiva-
lent to "by him," "by her," "by
them "
Nyadar, deep (of sleep)
Nyamok, mosquito
Nyata, plain, obvious
Obat, medicine ; obati, to cure
Ombak, wave
Orang, person, man ; orang kaya,
rich man (title of Malay chiefs)
Pada, at, on, to
Pagi, morning ; pagi-pagi, early in
the morning ; slamat pagi ! good
morning !
Pahala (Sk.), reward
Pahit, bitter
Pakei, pake, to put on, wear, use ;
pakei-an, pakean, clothes
Panas, hot, heat
Pandang, to look, look at
Panggang, to roast, roasted
Panggil, to call
Panjang, long, length
Panjara, prison
Papa (Sk.), poor, wretched
Papan, plank, board ; papanjandela.
shutter
Paras, face, features
Paruh, beak (of bird)
Pasang, to put together, put to
(horses) ; a pair
Pasar (Pers.), market
Pass, swat pass, passport
Patah, to break (trans, and intra ns.) ;
dua patah kata, two words
Patut, right, proper ; used to express
"ought"
Payong, umbrella
Pechah, to break (trans, andintrans.)
Peduli, see Fedluli
Pekerja-an, work, business, affairs
Pelayaran, voyage
Pelupa, forgetful
Pen, pen
Pendek, short
Pengail, fisherman
Penuh, full
Penunggu, watchman, doorkeeper
Penyumbat, cork (of a bottle)
Perak, silver
Perampuan, female, woman
Perbuat, see Berbuat ; perbuatan, act,
work, construction ; perbuatkan, to
cause to make
Perchaya (Sk.), to trust, have con
fidence (in, aJ:an)
Pergi (vulg., pigi, pegi), to go, go
away
Perhamba-an, slavery
Perhentian, resting-place, station
Perhiasan, ornament, decoration
Perhimpunan, assembly, crowd
Perkakas, tools, materials ; perkakas
rumah, furniture
Perkara, circumstance, affair, man-
ner; kadua perkara, in the second
place
Perkata-an, word, speech
Perlahan-lahan, slowly, gradually
Permissi (vulg. ), leave, permission ;
minta permissi, to ask permission
Permula-an, beginning
Persambah, persambahan, a present
(to a superior) ; persambahkan, to
make a present, to inform (a
superior)
Pertakuti, to instil fear of (deripada)
Pertama, the first, firstly
Perulih, see Berulih
Petting, afternoon ; makan petang or
malam, dinner
Peti, box
Pichah, see Pechah
Pigi, see Pergi
Pikir, pikiran, see Fikir
Pikul, to carry (a load on the back
or shoulder) ; measure of weight =
1331b.
Pilih, to choose
Pinjam, to borrow
Pinta, see Minta
Pintu, door, gate
Pipa, pipe (for smoking)
Pisau, knife
Plahan-plahan, plan-plan, slowly
Pohon, tree
Pos, post (for letters)
Potong, ^o cut, cut off ; piece
Prahu, putung, boat
82
MALAY MANUAL
Pri, manner, way
Priksa, to examine, enquire
Puff, anggor puff (vulg.), champagne
Pukul, to strike ; used in reckoning
time (see Numerals in Grammar)
Pula, again, anew, still
Pulang, to get back (to the starting-
point), to go home
Pulau, island
Pun, an expletive particle, "now,"
"so," "also"
Punya, to possess ; used in express-
ing the genitive (see Grammar)
Pur (vulg. ), in order to
Pusing, to turn round (intrans.),
revolve
Putih, white
Putus, torn, broken ; tiada-lah ber-
putusan, uninterruptedly
Rabbi (Ar.), my Lord (God)
Rahim (Ar.), compassionate
Rahmat (Ar.), mercy ; rahmatu 'llahi
*aleihi 1 the mercy of God be upon
him !
Raja, king, prince
Rambut, hair (of the head)
Rebus, boiled, to boil
Rendahkan, to abase
Resit (Eng.), receipt
Riba, lap ; meriba, to take on the lap
Ribut, storm
Rindukan, to long for, cause to long
for
Ringgit, dollar
Rokki (vulg.), coat
Rokok, roko, (native) tobacco, cigar-
ette ; minum roko, to smoke
Roshom (vulg.), to groom (a horse)
Roti (Hind.), bread
Rumah, house ; di-rumah, at home ;
rumah chukei, custom - house ;
rumah makan, hotel ; rumah mandi,
baths ; rumah sakit, hospital
Rumput, grass ; rumput kring, hay
Rupa (Sk.), form, appearance ; rupa-
nya, it seems, apparently
Rupiah, Dutch guilder, Indian rupee
Rusak, to be destroyed, fall to the
ground ; rusakkan, to destroy
Sa, see Satu
Sa-bagimana = bagimana
Sa-barang, any, anything
Sabda, speak, command (of kings)
Sa-belumt before (conjunction)
Sa-bentar, sebantar, a moment, at once
Sa-bermula, further, now ; generally
(in writing) indicates the transition
from one subject to another, or the
resumption of a previous subject
Sa-besar, more emphatic than besdr
Sa-blah, side (of anything divided)
Sabrang, to cross
Sabun (Port.), soap
Sabut, fibre, husk of the coconut
Sahabat (Ar.), friend; bersahabat, to
be. friends
Sahaja, saja, only
Sa-halei, numeral co- efficient (see
Grammar) of thin, flat objects ; sa-
halei rumjout, a blade of grass
Sa-hari-hari, daily ; sa-harian, the
whole day
Sahaya, sahya, say a, slave ; the word
most commonly used by Europeans
for the pronoun of the 1st person,
Sahingga, until
Sahut, answer ; to answer
Sakali, once, very ; after an adjective
gives it a superlative meaning ;
tiada sa-kali, not at all
Sakalian, all
Sa-kampong, of the same village,
neighbour
Sa-kira-kira, about, nearly
Sakit, ill, illness, to be ill ; kasakitan,
attacked by illness
Sa-kurang-kurang, at least
Salah, wrong, guilty ; fault, error ;
to be in error
Sa-lalu, throughout, always
Salam, peace ; laleihi as-salam I on
him be peace !
Sa-lama-lama-nya, al ways
Salasa (Ar.), three; hari salasa,
Tuesday
Satin, to copy, translate, change
(clothes), pour in (vulg.)
Sama, the same, like ; with, for ; often
used colloquially with the direct
object ; sama dengan, the same
as ; sama-sama, together with
Sambah, to do homage, greet respect-
fully, answer (a superior)
Sambar, to seize and carry off (as a
bird of prey)
Sampani, champagne
Sampei, sampe, to arrive, reach ;
sufficient ; until, up to (conjunction
and preposition)
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
83
Sampir, to hang (intrans.)
Samud (Sk.), all
Sanat (Ar.), year
Sangat, very, exceedingly _
Sa-orang-orang, one at a time
Sa-penuh-penuh, fully, completely
Sapu, to sweep, brush ; $apn tangan,
handkerchief
Sarong, case, cover, the skirt worn
by men and women ; sarong kaki,
socks, stockings
Sa-sa-orang, every man
Sa-sungguh-nya, truly
Sa-teldh, when, after that, as soon as
Satu, suatu, one ; sometimes used for
the indefinite article ; satu apa,
something; pukul satu, it has struck
one
Saudagar (Pers.), sudagar, merchant
Sayur, vegetables
Seodb (Ar.), cause, reason ; for,
because ; sebab itu, therefore ; apa
sebab? why?
Sebut, to pronounce ; sebutan, pro-
nunciation
Seddng, while, as
Sedia, ready ; sediakan, bekin sedia,
to get ready
Sedikit, a little
Segala, all
Segrd, sigrd (Sk.), speed ; at once ;
dengan segra, quickly
Seilan, Ceylon
Sejuk, cold, cool
Sekarang, skarang, now ; skarang ini,
just now
Selatan, south
Selimut, bed covering ; kain slimut,
sheet
Sella (vulg.), saddle
Seluar (Ar.), trousers
Sembleh, kill (usually with religious
ceremonies), sacrifice
Sembunikan, to conceal
Sen, cent
Senang, contented, at leisure, con-
tentment ; tidak senang, busy
Sendiri, self
Seperti, as, like as
Sepit, to pinch
Serdh, serahkan, to hand over, deliver
Sevang, head boatman
Seraya, and, together with ; seraya
kata-nya, at the same time she
spoke
Serta, with, when; serta kata-nya}
saying ; serta dengan, together
with
Serutu, cigar
Sesdk, tight
Sewa, rent, hire ; to let, hire
Shah (Pers.), king; shah alam, king
of the world
Shahaddn, thereupon, besides
Shaikh, shaikh (Arab)
Shirk (Ar.), fear of God
Siang, daylight ; siang-siang, very
early
Siapa? who?
Sikat, comb, brush ; sikatkan, to
brurih
Siksa (Sk.), punishment
Sila, to sit cross-legged, to ask a
person to sit down ; sila duduk,
please take a seat
Singgah, put in, call (of a ship)
Sini, here
Situ, there
Slamat (Ar.), health, safety, peace
Snapang, gun
Sopi (vulg.), brandy
Sore ( Jav. ), afternoon ; ini sore, this
evening (vulg.)
Sotong, cuttle-fish
Spatu (Port.), shoe; spatu tinggi,
boot
Stat (vulg.), stable
Stamp, stamp (postage)
Stengah, sa-tengah, half
Strika (Hind.), to iron
Suami (Sk.), husband
Suara (Sk. ), voice
Suatu, see Satu
Sudah, to be past, finished, at an
end ; auxiliary used in expressing
past time, often combined with
habis ; beliim sudah, not yet ; sudah
lama, a long time ago
Sudara (Sk.), brother, sister
Suka (Sk.), pleasure ; to wish, like ;
lebih suka, to prefer
Suku, a quarter
Sumpit, sack, bag
Sungguh, real, true ; sungguh-sung-
guh, really, truly
Sup (vulg.), soup
Supaya, in order that ; supaya . , ,
jangan, in order that . . . not
Surat, anything written, letter, book,
character (reference) ; surat pass
passport
Swruh, to order
84
MALAY MANUAL
Susah, troublesome,
trouble, annoyance
Susu, milk
annoying ;
Ta\ short form of tidak ; to? bulih
tidak, without fail
Ta'dla {At.) ; Allah Ta'dla, God, the
Most High
Tabek (lit., salutation), the ordinary
greeting between Malays and
Europeans when meeting or taking
leave
Tada, see Tiada
Tadi, just now
-tah, interrogative suffix; apa-tah?
what? how?
Tahan, to endure, restrain ; tahani,
to detain
Tahu, to know ; katahui, to know a
thing, be aware of ; bri tahu, to
inform
Tahun, year
Takdir (Ar.), will or decree of God
Talam, a large metal tray, cymbal
Tali, string, cord, rope
Tampat, place ; tampat yang lain,
another place ; tampat orang, any
one's abode ; tampat dawat {tinta),
inkstand ; tampat tidor, bed, bed-
stead
Tanah, land, country
Tangan, hand
Tanggalkan, to remove, take off (as
clothes)
Tangguh, to adjourn, wait for
Tangkap, to seize, catch
Tantu, certainly
Tanya, tanyai, to ask (a question)
Tapak, palm of the hand, sole of the
foot
Ta' pernah, never
Tapi, see Tetapi
Tarek, to draw, pull ; tank layer, to
hoist sail ; tarek api, lucif er match
Tari, to dance
Tarikh ( Ar. ), date, era
Tarima {trima), to accept ; tarima
kasih ! thank you !
Taruh, to place, put ; menaruh meja,
to lay the table
Tatkala, time, at the time when;
tatkala dahulu, before, earlier
Teduh, to abate
Teguh, firm, steady, lasting
Teh, tea
Telaga (Sk.), well, pond
Teldh, past, already, after ; teldh itu,
thereupon
Telor, egg
Tembako, tembakau (Port.), tobacco
Tempo (vulg.), time, weather
Tengah, middle, half ; tengah hari,
midday
Tenggalam, to be submerged, sink
Tengok, to look at
Terbang, to fly
Terbayar, paid
Terbii, to rise (sun, moon)
Terbuka, open
Terdampar, aground, stranded
Terikut, see Ikut
Terlalu, very, exceedingly
Terlebih, more, most, very
Tersebut, mentioned, aforesaid
Tertawa, to laugh
Tetapi, but, nevertheless
Tiada, not ; there is not
Tiap-tiap, each, every
Tiba-tiba, suddenly
Ticket, ticket
Tidak, no, not; tidak apa, never
mind
Tidor, sleep, to sleep ; tidorkan, to
send to sleep, put to bed ; slamat
tidor ! good night !
Tikus, rat, mouse
Timbul, come to the surface
Tinggal, remain, dwell ; tinggalkan,
to leave ; slamat tinggal ! good-
bye ! (said by a person going)
Tinggi, high ; tinggikan, to elevate
Tingkap, window (of native houses)
Tinta (Port. ), ink
Titahkan, to order
Tobat (Ar. ), repentance
Tongkat, stick (walking)
Topi, hat
Tra, trada= tiada
Trang, clear (of light)
Tren (vulg.), train
Trima — tarima
Trus, through, straight ; trus saliaja,
straight on
Tuah, old
Tuola (Port.), towel
Tuan, master, sir, Mr ; the polite
expression for " sir," " you "
Tuang, to pour out
Tukang, a workman ; one who deals
in certain articles or exercises a
certain trade, equivalent to " -er "
MALAY-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
85
in "painter," "printer," "bar-
ber ; " tukang minatut washerman ;
tukang roti, baker
Tukar, to change (trans. )
Tulisy to write ; luliskan, describe
Tulung, to help, assist (used as
English " please ") ; help, assistance
Tung gang (vulg. ), to ride
Tunggu, to watch
Tunjuk, tunjukkan, to show
Tu?itun, to lead
Twun, to get down, disembark, land,
set (sun), be descended from
Tutup, to shut, cover
Ubi, potatoes
Ujar, to say, speak
JJlar, snake
Ulih, by, through, by means of
'Umur (Ar.), age
Unjuk, to stretch out, pass (at table)
Upah, wages, pay ; to engage a
servant
Upaya (Sk.), means, resources
Usahy necessity ; to be necessary ; tra
(ta) usah, never mind
Utara (Sk.), north
Utas, workman
Wah, exclamation of pain, surprise ;
wah beta ! what a misfortune !
Waktu (Ar.), time, period ; when
Wang, money ; wang kartas, bank-
note (paper money)
Warna, colour
Wayang, performance (theatrical)
Weranda, verandah
Ya, yes, oh ! (in addressing any one)
Yang, who, which ; yang lalut last
Yas (vulg.), coat
Yogia (Sk.), sa - yogia - nya, it is
necessary
Yonges, jonges (vulg.), servant
Zamdn (Ar.). time
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
Me- and its modifications, generally prefixed to active verbs in
the written language, are as a rule omitted in the conversational
style, and are not given here.
n. =noun ; adj. = adjective ; v. =verb ; trans. = transitive ;
intrans. = intransitive ; lit. = literally ; prep. = preposition ; conj. = con junction.
The lists in the body of the Grammar should also be consulted.
A, an, satu, sa, often used in con-
junction with one of the numeral
co-efficients : sa-biji telor,1 an egg ;
sa-ikur kuda> a horse
Abate (wind, storm), teduh
Able to, expressed by bulih} to be
able
About, (concerning), deripada, fasal ;
(more or less), lebih kurang, kira-
kira ; (round about), berkuliling ;
(about to, going to) — expressed by
mau or hendak (to wish, intend)
Above, ataSf di - atas ; more than,
lebih; above all things, hubaya-
hubaya
Abroad, luar, di-luar
Absent, tidak ada
Accept, tarima} trima
Accompany, ber-sama, ber-kawan
According to, seperti
Account (money), kira-kira, bill ; on
account of, deri sebdb
Accuse, tuduh ; accuser, penuduh
Accustomed to, biasa
Acheen, negri A cheh
Acquainted with, to be, kendl (of
persons)
Across, go across, lintang ; to the
other side, ka-sabrang
Act (n.), buatan; (v.) buat
Add up, jumlahkan
Address (of a letter), 'alamat ; what
is his address? dia tinggal mana
{lit.y where does he live?)
Advocate, penulung bichara
Affair, hal, perkara
Afraid, takut
After (prep.), kemdian deripada,
lepds ; after that (conj.), sa-teldh
Afternoon, petdng, tengah hari lalu
Afterwards, kemdian
Again, lagi sakali, pula ; further,
dan lagi pula
Against (opposed to), lawan
Age, '■umur : how old are you ? brapa
lumur tuan t
Agent, wakil
Ago, sudah, lalu; five months ago,
sudah lima bulan ; some days ago,
the other day, sudah brapa hari
Aground (of a boat), sangkut
Ague, demdm kura
Ahead, di-hadap, di-dapan
Air, Jiawa, udara; to air (clothes),
anginkan -
Alike, sa-rupa, sama
All, samud (samua), segala, sakalian;
all right, balk - lah ; all over
(finished), sudah, habis
Allow, biyar, bri izin, (kasih p>ermissi)
Almanac, takwim
Almond, ketapang, badam
Almost, hampir, dekdt
Alms, sadakah
i Special attention should be paid to the accent on the last syllable, which
has the effect of making the preceding vowel "indeterminate" (see Grammar).
86
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
87
Aloes-wood, gaharu
Alone, sa - orang sahaja ; lonely,
sunyi
Along, turut, ikut ; along with, sama
Alongside of, di-sisi, di sa-blah
Aloud, kwat-knvat
Already, sudah
Also, pula, juga, jua, pun; I also,
sahya pun
Alter, ubah (intrans.)
Although, meski pun, jikcdau sa-kali-
pun, sungguh-pun
Altogether, blaka
Alum, tawas
Always, sa-lalu, sa-lama-lama-nya
Ambassador, utusan
Amber, ambar
America, negri Merika; an Ameri-
can, orang Merika
Among, antara
Amount (total), jumlah
Amuse (oneself), main
Anchor (n.), sauh ; (v.) labuhlcan
And, dan
Aiiger, angry, marah, murka
Animal, binatang
Aniseed, ados manis
Ankle, mata kaki
Another (different), lain ; one
more, satu lagi
Answer (n. and v.),jawab; (v.) sahut;
answer a letter, balas surat
Ant, semut ; white, anei-anei; large
red, kerangga
Anvil, landasan
Any, barang; anybody, barangsiapa;
anything, barang apa ; anyway,
sa-barang ; anywhere, barang di-
mana; at any time, barang bila ;
any one will do, mana-mana satu
pun jadi-lah
Aperient (purgative), obat buangayer
Appear (seem), rupa ; it seems,
apparency, rupa-nya ; he has a
good figure, appearance, sikapnya
baik juga
Approach (v.), hampir
Arabia, negri '■Arab
Arm (body), tangan; fore - arm,
tangan ; weapon, senjata
Armpit, ketiak
Army, tantra, lashkar (laskar)
Arrest, tangkap
Arrive, sampei
Arrow, anak panah
Arsenic, warangan
Art, cilmu, hikmat
As (like), seperti, bagei ; since,
because, karna sebab ; as long as
(length), sa-panjang, (time), sa-
lama; as many as, as much as,
sa-banyak ; as soon as, sa-teldh;
as soon as possible, sa-lekds-lekds,
sa-lekds-nya ; as if, sa-akan-akan
Ascend, naik, (a river) mudik
Ashamed, malic
Ashes, abu
Ashore, di-darat ; to go ashore, naik
darat
Ask (a question), tanya ; (to ask a
person to do something), minta
Asleep, bertidor
Ass, kaldei
Assembly, perhimpunan
Assist, tulung
Astern, di-blakang
Asthma, sesdk dada
Astonished, terchengang
At, dit pada ; at first, mula-mula ;
at last, akhir, habis; at least, sa-
kurang - kurang ; at most, yang
terlebih ; at once, dengan segrd ;
at present, sekarang ini
Attempt, choba
Attentive, rajin
Auction, lelong ; to sell by auction,
lelongkan
Australia, negri Strelia
Autumn, musim buah-buahan, kharif
Awning, chetri
Axe, kapak, bliong
Baby, kanak-anak
Back (again), kombali ; go back,
pulang ; send back, pulangkan
Back, (body) blakang; (of the neck),
tengkok
Backwards, ka-blakang
Bacon, daging babi
Bad, tidak baik; (of food), busuk;
wicked, jahat
Bag, karong, saku, bag
Bail, jamin
Bait, umpan
Bake, panggangkan; (bread), buat
roti
Baker, tukang roti
Bald, botak, gundul
Ball, bola ; to play at ball, main bola
Bamboo, bambu} buluh
Banana, pisang
88
MALAY MANUAL
Bank (river), tebing, tepi; (money),
kantor bangk
Bankrupt, yang berhenti bayar, bank-
rap ; to become bankrupt, jatuh
Bar (to fasten a door), kanching
Barber, tukang chukur
Bare (leafless), gundul
Bark (of a tree), kulit kayu ; to bark
(as a dog), salak
Barracks, rumah soldado, tang si
Barrel, tong, pipa
Basin, mangkok
Basket, baktd, kranjang
Bat (animal), klawar
Bath, to take a, mandi ; bathroom,
tampat mandi ; bath-tub, tong
mandi ; hot, cold bath, permandian
ayer hangat, sejuk
Battle, prang
Bay (of sea), teluk; (horse), merah
Be, ada, jadi
Beach, pantei
Beak (of bird), paruh
Beans, kachang (bonches)
Bear (animal), bruang
Bear (carry), pikul (on the back or
shoulders) ; endure, tahan
Beard, janggut
Beat (strike), pukul ; (of the heart),
dabar. For other equivalents with
different shades of meaning, see
Maxwell, Manual of the Malay
Language, p. 120.
Beautiful, bogus, elok
Because, sebdb, karna
Become, jadi
Bed, tampat tidor ; bedroom, bilik
(kamar) tidor; bedstead, katil; to
go to bed, pergi tidor
Bee, lebdh
Beef, daging lembu ; beefsteak,
bifstik
Beer, bir
Beetle, kumbang
Before (in time past), dahulu, dulu;
(of place), di-hadapan; before
that, sa-belum
"Beg, minta sadakah; beggar, orang
minta sadakah; (religious mendi-
cant), fakir
Begin, mulai ; beginning, mula
Behaviour, kcdakuan
Behind (place) di-blakang
Believe (trust), perchaya (in, akan) ;
(think) fikir
Bell, locheng, genta
Bellows, pengumbus
Belong : that belongs to me, itu
sahya punya
Below, di-bawah
Bench, bangku
Beside, at the side of, di-sa-blah
Besides, lagi-pun, dan lagi
Best, terlebih baik, yang baik sakali
{see, Grammar) ; to the best of my
ability, sa-bulih-bulih
Betel-nut, pinang
Better, lebih baik : see Grammar
Between, antara
Beyond (the other side of), di-sa-blah
Bible (New Testament), injil
Bicycle, kreta lereng
Big, besdr
Bill (account), kira - kirat surat
hutang, bill, rekenin
Billiards, main bola
Bird, burong ; bird-cage, sangkar ;
bird's nest, sarang burong
Birth, kajadian, beranakkan
Birthday, harijadi, beranakkan
Biscuit, biskot
Bit (piece), sa-krat ; (horse) lagam,
kang
Bite, to, gigit
Bitter, pahit
Black, hitam
Blacksmith, tukang besi
Blanket, selimut, kambli
Blind (adj.), buta
Blinds (sun-blinds), bidei
Blood, darah
Blossom, bung a
Blotting-paper, kartas kembang
Blow (n.), palu
Blow, to (of the wind or mouth),
tiyup
Blue, biru; dark blue, biru tuah ;
light blue, biru manis
Blunt (of a knife), tumpul, kurang
tajam
Boar, babijantan
Board (wood), papan ; (of floor)
papan lantei; to go on board,
turun kapal
Boat (Malay), prahu ; (Chinese)
sampan; (English) boat; boatman,
anak dayong
Body, tubuh, badan
Boil, a, bisul
Boil, to (trans.), rebus; (intrans.) ber-
didih
Bolster, bantal panjang
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
89
Bolt, a, Jcanching ; bolt, to, kan-
chingkan
Bone, tulang
Book, kitdb, buku ; bookbinder,
tukang jilid kitdb ; bookcase,
sarong (tampat) kitdb; bookseller,
tukang jual kitdb
Boot, kasut, boot
Borrow, minta pinjam
Both, kadua
Bottle, botol
Bottom (lowest part), bawah
Bough, dahan
Bow (weapon), panah ; (of a boat)
haluan ; to bow, tunduk
Bowels, perut {prut)
Bowl, batil, bukur
Box, peti, kopper
Boy, anak laki-lahi
Braces, tali seluar
Brain, utak
Branch (tree), dahan; (road) sem-
pang
Brandy, brandi (sopi)
Brass, tembaga kuning
Bread, roti ; white bread, roti putih,
black bread, roti kasar ; fresh
bread, roti baharu ; stale bread,
roti basi
Bread-fruit, sukun
Break, pechdh, patah
Breakfast, makan pagi
Breast, dada, (female) susu
Breath, nefas
Breathe, tarek nefas
Brewer, tukang bir
Brick, batu-bata
Bridge, jambatan, (of nose) batang
hidong
Bridle, tali kang
Bright (clear), krang
Bring, bawa
Broad, lebar
Brooch, krusang
Broom, penyapu
Brother, sudara laki-laki, (elder)
abang, (younger) adik
Brow, kening
Brown, hitam manis
Brush (n.), brus ; clothes' brush, brus
pakeian; hair-brush, brus rawibut,
brus kapala ; nail - brush, brus
kuku ; tooth-brush, brus gigi
Brush, to, sapu; (teeth, boots) gosok
Bucket, timba
J3ud, kutuvi
Buffalo, kerbau
Build, buat, bangunkan} ikat rumah
Building (n.), bangunan
Bug, pijat, kutu busuk
Bull, lembujantan
Bullet, peluru
Buoy, boya
Burn, to, bakar, hangus
Bury, tanam, kuburkan
Bushes (thicket), semdk
Business, kerja, pekerja-an
Busy : I am busy, sahya ta' sendng
But, tetapi, tapi; (except) melain-
kan, hanya
Butcher, tukang daging
Butter, mantega
Butterfly, kupu-kupu
Button, kanching ; button - hole,
lobang kanching ; to button, men-
ganching
Buy, bli
By, ulih ; by boat, dengan prahu ;
by land, darat
By and by, sabentar lagi
Cabbage, kobis
Cabin, kurungi kamar} kamra
Cage, sangkar
Cake, kweh, penganan
Calf (animal), anak lembu ; (of the
leg) jantong betis
Calico, blachu minyak
Call, panggil ; call in (at a place),
singgah
Calm (tranquil), teduh; (water)
tendng
Camel, onta
Camphor, kapur barus
Can (be able), bulih; (bucket) tong
Canal, parit
Candle, lilin, dian
Candlestick, kaki lilin
Cane, rotan, (walking stick) tongkat
Cannon, mariam
Cannot, ta' bulih
Canoe, jalur, kolek
Cap, kopiah
Cape (geog.), tanjung
Capital (funds), modal; (of a
country) kapala negri
Capsicum, chabei
Captain, kapitan, nakhoda
Care (n.), ingat ; to take care of,
jaga; to be careful, jaga, ingat-
ingat ; care for (like), suka ; I
(Jon't care, sahya ta' feduli (peduli)
90
MALAY MANUAL
Careful : be careful ! baik-baik I
Carefully, jaga baik
Careless, lalei
Cargo, muatan
Carpenter, tukang kayu
Carpet, permadani, hamparan
Carriage, kareta, kreta
Carry, bawa, pikul (on the back or
shoulders). There are many other
equivalents with different shades
of meaning:, see Maxwell, Manual
of the Malay Language, p. 121
Cart, pedati
Case: in case, kalau-kalau ; in that
case, kalau bagitu
Cash (ready money), wang tunei,
kontdn ; to pay cash, bayar tunei ;
to cash a cheque, tukar surat wang
Casting-net, jala
Castor oil, minyakjarak
Cat, kuching
Catch (get hold of), tangkap ; (a
cold) kend selismah, kend sardi
Caterpillar, ulat (hulat) bulu
Cause, sebdb
Cave, guah
Cayenne pepper, lada merah
Ceiling, langit-langit
Cemetery, tampat kubur, pekuburan
Centre, pusat ; right in the centre,
sama tengah
Certain (sure), tantu ; a certain
person, Mr so-and-so, sianu
Certainly, tantu
Ceylon, negri Seilan
Chain, rantei
Chair, krusi, kursi
Chalk, kapur blanda
Champagne, anggor puf, sampani
Chance : he went by chance, jatuh-
lah ia pergi
Change (small money), wang kechil;
to change : (money) tukar, (alter,
intrans.) ubah, (trans.) vbah-kan,
(clothes) salin, (place of abode)
pindah
Character (disposition), prangei,
pekerti, (reputation) nama
Charcoal, arang
Cheap, murah
Cheat, to; tipu
Cheek, pipi
Cheese, keju
Chemist, tukang dbat
Cheque, surat wang, check
Chess, 1 chatur, main gajah ; chess-
men, buah chatur ; board, papan
chatur
Chest (body), dada, (hox) peti
Chew, mamah
Chicken, anak hay am, hay am kechil
Chief (headman), penghulu, orang
besdr
Child, anak
Chili (red pepper), lada China
Chimney, chorong [tampat) asap
Chin, dagu
China, negri China ; Chinaman,
orang China
Chisel, pahat
Chocolate, chokoldt
Choke (intrans.), lemds, (trans.)
chekSk
Cholera, muntah berak
Choose, pilih
Chop, to, chinchang ; a chop, daging
chinchang
Christ, nabi lIsa
Christian, nasrani, sarani
Church, greja
Chutney, chatni
Cigar, cherutuy serutu
Cigarette, roko kartas
Cinders (embers), bara
Cinnamon, kulit manis, kayu manis
Circle, bulat
Circumcise, circumcision, sunat
Citizen, orang negri
Citron, limau, jerulc
City, bandar, negri. The Malay
words for "city," "town," etc.,
are ill-defined
Civil (polite), supan
Class (sort), jenis, wucham,
Claw, kuku
Clay, tanah Hat
Clean (adj.), bersih, bresih> (v.) cMichi
Clear, trang ; (of liquids) hening,
jerneh
Clerk, krani, juru tulis
Clever, pandei
Climate, haira, udara
Climb, panjat
Clock, jam; what's o'clock? pukul
brapa?
Close, to, tutup
i The names of the pieces are : raja, king ; mantri, queen ; gajah, bishop \
Iffada, knight ; tir, castle ; bidak, pawn (check, sah; mate, mat).
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
91
Close to, dekdt
Cloth, kain
Clothes, pakeian (pronounced pakian)
Cloud, awan
Cloudy, redup
Cloves, hinga chingkeh
Coachman, sa'is, kusir (D.)
Coal, arang-batu
Coarse, kasar
Coast, pantei, tepi laut
Coat, baju, baju kot
Cock, hay am jantan
Cockroach, Upas
Coco-nut tree, nyiur, Jclapa; coco-
nut, buah klapa
Cod, ikan kayu
Coffee, kopi, kahwah; coffee-bean,
buah kopi ; coffee-mill, pengiling-
gan kopi ; coffee-pot, tampat kopi
Coffin, kranda, long
Cold, sejuk; (of the weather) dingin ;
cold in the head, selismah
Colic, mulas, chika
Collar (shirt), kain leher
Collect (gather together), himpun
(intrans.), himpunkan (trans.)
Colour, warna
Comb, sikat, sisir
Come, datang; come here ! mari-
lah / come back, pulang, kombali ;
come in, masuk ; come out, kaluar;
come up, naik
Comfort, kasenangan; comfortable,
sendng
Command, to, suruh, Utah (of a king)
Commerce, bernyaga
Companion, kawan
Compass (mariner's), paduman; pair
of compasses, jangka
Compel, krasi, paksa
Complain, adu ; complaint, peng-
aduan
Completely, sa-habis-habis
Complexion, ayer muka
Compliments : give my compliments
to, kasih tabeh sama,
Conceal, sembunyi
Condemn (sentence), hukumkan
Conduct (behaviour), kalakuan
Confectionery, penganan
Confess, mengaku
Consequently, bagini
Consider (think about), timbang,
Jikirkan
Constantly, santiasa
Constipation, semblit
Consumption (disease), batuk kring
Contagious, jangkit
Contain, muat, berisi
Content, puas
Contents, isi
Continue (keep on), expressed by
pula or lagi ; he kept on walking,
dia jalan pula
Contraband, lardngan
Contrary to, berlawan deri
Cook (n.), tukang masak, kuki, (v.)
masak
Copper, tembaga ; coppersmith,
tukang tembaga
Copy (n.), salinan; (v.) salin; (imi-
tate) tiru
Coral, batu karang
Cord, tali
Cork (stopper), sumbat, prop
Corkscrew, penchabut sumbat, cork-
screw
Corn (grain,) gandum, trigu, (Indian
corn, maize) jagong
Corner, penjuru
Correct (adj.), betul
Cost, harga
Cotton (raw), kapas, kapuk; (thread)
bendng
Couch, kauchi
Cough, batuk
Count, to, bilang, hitung
Counterfeit, lanchong
Country, negri, (opposed to town)
dusun
Courtyard, halaman
Cover (n.), tudungan, tutupan, (v.)
tudung, tutup ; dish-cover, tudung
saji
Cow, lembu betinu, sapi betina
Coward, penyakut, kurang brani
Crab, ketdm, kepiting
Crane (bird), undan; (windlass)
putaran
Cream, kapala sum
Crew, anakprahu
Crocodile, buaya
Crooked, bengkok
Cross, to (pass over), menyabrang;
cross-legged, bersila
Cross-road, sempang
Crow (n.), gagak, (v.) kukuk
Crowd, perkumpulan
Crown (king's), makhota, taj ; (of the
head) ubun-ubun
Cruel, cruelty, bengis
Cucumber, timun
92
MALAY MANUAL
Cup, manghoh, chawan
Cupboard, almari
Cure (n.j, penaicar, (v.) sembuhkan
Current (of water), harus
Curry, gulei, kari
Curse (n. and v.), sumpah
Curtain (window), tirei, tcibir
Cushion, bantal
Custom, iadat
Custom (tax), chukei; custom-house,
rumah chukei
Cut (with a knife), putung, (with
scissors) guntingkan; cut in two,
blah; cut off, krat ; cut down
(trees, shrubs), tebdng, tebds
Cuttlefish, sotong
Dagger, kris
Daily, sa-hari-hari
Dam (dyke), ampang
Damp, basah, lembap
Dance {n.),jogatt (v.) tari
Danger, bahaya; dangerous, 6er-
Dare, brani
Dark, glap; darkness, kagalapan,
keldm
Date (time), hari bulan, tarikh;
(fruit) khurma
Daughter, anak perampuan
Day, hari; every day, sa-hari-hari;
every other day, slang sa-hari;
midday, tengah hari; all day,
sa-panjang hari; first day of the
month, sa-hari bulan; daybreak,
dini hari; daylight, siang ; day
and night, siang malam; day before
yesterday, kalamarin dahulu; day
after to-morrow, lusa
Dead, mati
Deaf, tuli,pekdk
Dear (beloved), kakasih; (expensive)
mahdl
Death, kamatian
Debt, hutang ; in debt, berhutang
Deceive, tipu, perdayakan
Deck (of ship), dek
Deep, dalam; (of colour) tuah; (of
sleep) leldp
Deer, rusa
Defeat (trans.), alah-kan ; to be de-
feated, alah; defeat (n.), alahan
Defendant, yang kend adu
Deliver (set free), lepaskan; (hand
over) serdh
Demand (n.), perminta-any (v.)
minta
Dentist, tabib gigi
Deny, sangkal
Depart, pergi, berangkat
Descend, turun
Descendants, katurunan
Desert (n.), padang belantara, (v.)
tinggalkan
Desire (n.), kahendal% (v.), hendak
Desk, meja tulis
Dessert, buah-buahan
Destroy, bindsakan
Destruction, binasa
Devil, the, iblis, sheitan
Dew, embun
Diamond, intan
Diarrhoea, buang-buang ayery chirit
Dictionary, kamus
Die, mati (also of wind dying down)
Difference, beda
Different, lain
Difficult, payah, susah
Dig, gali
Diligent, rajin
Dim, kabur
Dine, makan petdng; dining-room,
bilik makan; dinner, makanan
petdng
Direct (straight), trus, lurus
Directly, lekds, dengan sigrd-nya
Dirty, kotor
Discharge (dismiss), lepaskan, pechat-
kan; (gun) pasang
Disease, penyakit
Disembark, turun darat
Dish, pinggan; (course) saji ; dish-
cover, tudong saji
Dislike (v.), ta' suka
Distance, distant, jauh
District, dairah} jdjahan
Ditch, parit
Do, buat; (suffice) jadi; that will do,
itu-pun bulih; it won't do, ta' jadi;
how do you do ? apa khabar?
Do not, don't, jangan (with impera-
tive) ; jangan pergi, don't go
Doctor (native), bomo, dukun; (one
who practises Western medicine)
doktor
Dog, anjing
Dollar, ringgit
Done (finished), sudah; (of food)
masak
Door, pintu
Double (two-fold), ganda
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
93
Doubt, shak
Doubtful, tiada tantu
Down (below), bawah; downstairs,
di-bawah; downwards, ka-bawah
Dozen, losen, dusen
Drag (v.) tarek, hela
Drain (n. ), parit
Draught (medicine), obat minum
Draughts (game), dam, choki;
draught-board, papan dam
Draw (pull), tarek, hela; (tooth)
chabut ; (water) timba ; (sketch)
tulis
Drawer, lachi, kotak sorong-sorong
Drawers (dress), chelana dalam
Dream, mimpi
Dress (n.), pakeian, (v. )pa,kei kain;
dressed, memakei; dressing-room,
tampat pakeian
Drink (n.), minuman, (v.) minum
Drive : to go for a drive, duduk
kareta; drive away (trans.), halau
Drop (n.), titek; (v.) jatuh (intrans.),
jatuhkan (trans.)
Dropsy, sembap
Drought, kamarau
Drown (intrans. ), mati lemds
Drum, gendang, rebana
Drunk, mabuk; drunkard, peminum
Dry (adj.), kring ; (v.) anginkan (in
the air), jemurkan (in the sun) ;
the dry season, musim kamarau
Duck, itek
Due (exactly) : due west, barat tepdt
Dumb, bisu, kelu
Dung, tahi, baja
During, sa-mamtara, sa-lama, sa-lagi
Dust, debu, lebu, habuk
Duty (tax), chukei
Dwarf, orang pendek-pendek, katek
Dye (v.), chelup; dyer, tukang ehelup
Dysentery, buang ayer darah
Each, masing-masing, tiap-tiap; each
other, satu sama lain
Eagle, raja-wali
Ear, telinga
Early, siang-siang, pagi-pagi
Earn (money), chari wang
Earrings (drops), anting - anting,
(buttons) krabu
Earth (soil), burnt, tanah, (opposed
to water) darat
Earthquake, gumpah bumi
Ease oneself, buang ayer bestir, berak
East, timur
Easy, mudah, gampang, senang
Eat, makan nasi (eat rice, which is
more idiomatic than makan alone)
Ebb, ayer surut
Ebony, kayu arang
Eclipse, gerhana, grahana
Edge (knife), mata
Eel, belut
Egg, teUr; egg-shell, kulit tel6r ;
white, putih telor; yolk, merah
telor ; hard-boiled, masak kras ;
fresh, baharu; stale, busuk
Either : either ... or, atau . . .
atau-pun, mau . . . mau
Elbow, siku
Elephant, gajah; (tusk) gading ;
(trunk) belaid
Else (otherwise), kalautida; (besides)
lagi ; anything else, lain apa-apa
Embark, naik kapal
Emerald, zamrud
Emetic, obat muntah
Empty (adj.), kosong ; (v.) kosongkan
End, kasudahan
Endure (put up with), tahan
Enemy (common), musuh, (personal)
setru
Engage (a servant), upah
Engaged (busy), ada kerja
Engine, jentra, (locomotive) injin,
kreta api
English, Inggris ; Englishman, orang
Inggris; England, negri Inggris
Engrave, ukir; engraver, tukang
Enough (sufficient), chukup; that's
enough, sudah-lah
Enquire, tanya, (investigate) priksa
Enter, masuk
Entertain (a guest), jamu
Entirely, sakali
Entrails, isiperut (prut)
Envelope, sarong surat
Epilepsy, gila babi
Equal, sama
Especially, istimua
Europe, negri Iropa
Even (adv.), pun, juga ; (adj.) rata,
datar (level) ; gendp (of numbers)
Evening, petdng, sore
Ever, pernah; for ever, sa-lama-
lamanya
Every (each), masing-masing, tiap-
tiap, (all) samud, segala ; every-
body, sa-barang orang ; every day,
sa-hari-hari ; everything, segala
94
MALAY MANUAL
barang ; every where, di - mana-
mana
Evil (ad j . ), jahat, (n. ) kajahatan
Exact, exactly, betul
Examine, investigate, priksa
Except that, melainkan, hanya
Exchange (v.), tukarkan
Excuse (n.), daleh; to make excuses,
berdalehdaleh
Excuse (v.): excuse me, ampunkan
sahya, mtfafkan sahya
Executioner, pertanda
Expect, nantikan
Expenses, blanja, ongkos
Explain, nyatakan, bri tahu
Export (v.), kaluarkan
Extinguish, padam
Extremely, terlalu, sangat
Eye, mata; eyeball, biji mata ; eye-
brow, bulu kening ; eyelash, bulu
mata; eyelids, klopak, bibir mata;
pupil of the eye, anak mata
Eye-glass, chermin mata
Fable, cherita
Face, muka
Fade (of leaves), layu, (of colours)
berubah
Fail (in business), jatuh; without
fail, tiada bulih tidak
Faint (weak), leteh, (v.)pengsan
Fair (just), betul; a fair wind, angin
baik; fair weather, chuacha
Faith (religious belief), imdn
Fall (v.), jatuh. For other equiva-
lents with different shades of
meaning, see Maxwell, p. 121
False (untrue), bohong, dusta, (of
money) lanchong
Family (generally), in rumah, kaum
kalurga, (wife and children) anak
bini
Famine, kalaparan
Famous, meshhur, ternama
Fan, kipas
F&r, jauh; as far as, hingga, sa-jauh;
far from getting it, we did not see
it, jangankan dapat, melihat-pun
tidak (not only did we not get it)
Fare (on boat or ship), tambangy (of
cab) penyewa
Farewell ! slamat ting gal I
Fashion (in dress, etc.), chara
Fast (quick), lekds, (of a clock) dras;
(abstention from food) puasa
Fasten, ikat
Fat (adj.), gemdk, tambun, (n.) lemdk
Fate, kismat, nasib
Father, bapa
Fathom (n.), depa
Fault, salah; that's not my fault, itu
bukan sahya punya salah
Favour, kasih
Fear, takut
Feather, bulu
Features, paras
Feeble, lemdh, letih
Feed (trans.), bri makan
Feel (touch), raba, jamah, rasa
Female (of human beings), peram>-
puan, (of animals) betina
Fence, pagar
Ferry, tambangan ; ferry-boat, prahu
tambangan ; ferryman, tukang tam-
bangan
Festival, hari besdry hari ray a
Fetch, pergi ambil, pergi bawa
Fetters, bdunggu
Fever, demdm; intermittent fever,
demdm kura; typhoid fever, demdm
kapialu
Few, sedikit
Field (cultivated), ladang (dry rice
fields), as opposed to sawah (wet
rice fields)
Fig, ara
Fight, to, kalahi, (of animals) laga
File (n.), kikir
Filter, strainer, tapisan
Fill, isikan
Finally, akhirnya
Find (v.), dapat
Fine (adj.), halus (not coarse) ; fine
weather, chuacha ; money fine
(n.), denda
Finger, jari; forefinger, jari ielunjuk;
middle finger, jari hantu ; third
finger, jari manis ; little finger,
jari klingking ; finger nail, kuku
Finish, habiskan ; finished, sudah
Jiabis
Fire (n.), api; (v.) pasang (a gun) ;
fire-place, tampat api; fire-wood,
kayu api; fire- works, merchunt
bunga api
Fire-fly, kelip-kelip
First, pertama ; firstly, mula-mula
Fish (n.), ikan; (v.) panching, kail
(with rod and line) ; menjala (with
a net); fish-hook, mata kail; line,
tali kail; rod, joran; fisherman,
pengail
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
95
Fist, genggam
Fit (n.), pitam; (v.) patut (of
clothes) ; this does not fit me, ta'
betul ini dengan badan (body)
Fitting, patut, harus
Flag, bandera, panji, tunggul
Flame, nyala
Flannel, kain panas
Flat (smooth), pipeh, (level) rata
Flavour, rasa
Flea, kutu anjing
Fleet (ships), angkatan
Flesh, daging
Float (v. ), hanyut
Flock (n.), kawan
Flood, ayer bah
Floor, lanteipapan
Flour, tepong
Flow (n.), ayer pasang (of the tide) ;
(v. ) leleh, (of a river) alir
Flower, bunga
Flute, bangsi, suling
Fly (n.), lalat, (v.) terbang
Foam, buih
Fog, kabut
Fold (v.), lipat
Follow, ikut, turut
Food, makanan
Foolish, gila, bodoh
Foot, kaki; footstep, footprint, jejak,
bek&s kaki
Footstool, alas kaki
For (prep,), akan, pada, sama ;
(conj.) karna (because)
Forbid, larang
Ford (n.), arongan
Forehead, dahi
Foreign, asing, dagang ; foreigner,
{prang) asing, dagang, kaluaran
Forest (jungle), hutan
Forget, lupa
Forgive, ampunkan, ma'afkan
Fork, garfu
Formerly, dahulu, dulu
Fort, kota
Fortnight, dua minggo
Founder (of a ship), karam
Fountain (spring), mata ayer
Fowl, hayam
France, negri Fransis ; Frenchman,
orang Fransis
Free (adj.), bebas
Freeze, baku
Freight, muatan
Frequently, kerdp
Fresh (food), baharu, (water) ayer
tawar, (milk) susu mentah
Friend, sahabat
Frighten, bri takut
Frog, katak, kuduk
From, deri, deripada
Front, hadapan; in front, di-muka,
di-dapan; at the door, di-muka
pintu
Fruit, buah
Fry (v.), goring; frying-pan, kuali
Full, penuh
Funnel, chorong
Furniture, perkakas rumah, serba
rumah
Further (distance), jauh lagi, lebih
jauh, (besides) dan lagi
Future (n.), waktu yang kemdian;
(adj.) yang nanti datang
Gain, laba
Gale, angin kenchdng
Gallows, tiang gantungan
Gamble (v.), judi; gambler, orang
berjudi
Gamboge, getdh kamboja
Game (amusement), main, permai-
nan, (food) daging perburuan
Gaol, penjara, jel
Garden, kabun; gardener, tukang
kabun
Garlic, bawang putih
Gate, pintu
Gem, permata
General (army), panglima prang,
gendrdl
Generally, sediakala, krap kali
Gentle, lembut
Germany, negri Jerman; a German,
orang Jerman
Get, dapat; get back (recover), dapat
balik: get down, turun ; get in,
masuk; get out, kaluar ; get up
(ascend) naik, (from bed) bangun,
(to a standing posture) bangkitt
(of wind, storm) turun
Ghost, hantu
Giant, raksasa
Giddy (dizzy), pening, pusing kapala
Gift, pembrian, hediye
Gimlet, gerdi, grudi
Ginger, halia
Girl, anak perampuan
Give, bri, kasih; give back, komba-
likan
Glad, suka chita
96
MALAY MANUAL
Glass, kacha, (drinking-glass) glas
Gloves, sarong tangan
Glue, perkat
Gnat, agas
Go, pergi; (as a clock) berjalan; go
away ! nyah-lah, pergi-lah ; go
back, pulang ; go down, turun; go
in, masuk; go out >, per gi luar ; go
up, naik
Goat, kambing
God, ^Zte/i, Tuhan
Going to (about to), ramft
Gold, amas, mas
Gone, sudah pergi, sudah jalan, (dis-
appeared) sudah tiada
Gong, chanang, gong
Gonorrhoea, sakit kenching
Good, baik; good-bye, slamat tinggal;
good-day, tabek; good-morning,
slamat pagi
Goods, barang-barang
Goose, angsa
Gospel, injil
Gourd, labu
Governor, gubernur, gebenur
Gradually, perlahan-perlahan, plan-
plan
Grain, biji-biji
Grandfather, nenek, bapa bestir
Grandmother, nenek perampuan,
mama bestir
Grapes, buah anggor
Grass, rumput
Grasshopper, belalang
Grave (n.), kubur
Gravel, batu kelikir
Gravy, kuah
Great, bestir
Greece, negri Grika
Green (colour), hijau, (unripe) muda
Grey, klabu, (hair) uban
Grief, duka
Grind (sharpen), asah
Groom, sa'is
Ground (soil), tanah; (reason) sebtib
Grow (as plants), tumbuh, (increase
in size or number) tambah
Guard (v.), jaga, (n.) jaga-jaga,
kawal
Gu2lv&, jambu biji
Guess, agak
Guest, jamu
Guide (v.), menunjuk jalan (show
the way)
Guilt, kasalahan, dosa
Guilty, bersalah
Gulf, teluk
Gum, getah, ay er perkat
Gums, gusi
Gun, senapang, bedil
Gunpowder, obat bedil
Gutter, saluran, panchuran
Habit, 'adat
Hail (frozen rain), hujan batu; to
hail (greet), bri slamat
Hair (of body), bulu ruma, (of head)
rambut; hair-brush, brus ranibut;
hair-pin, chuchuk-sanggul
Half, tengah; one and a half, tengah
dua
Ham, paha babi, ham
Hammer, pemukul, martil
Hand, tangan; left-hand side, sa-
blah kiri ; right-hand side, sa-blah
kanan; left hand, tangan kiri;
right hand, tangan kanan; back
of the hand, punggung ; palm,
tapak
Handful, sa-genggam
Handkerchief, sapu tangan, handuk
Handle (of a weapon), hulu, (of a
vessel) telinga
Hand-rail, kayu pemegang
Handwriting, bektis tangan, khat
Hang (intrans.), bergantung, (trans.)
gantungkan
Happen, jadi
Harbour (anchorage), pelabuhan
Hard (not soft), kras
Hare, kwelu
Harness, pakeian kuda
Harrow, sisir tanah
Harvest, penuwe-an, menoibes
Has, had : see Grammar
Haste, gopoh ; make haste, bersigrti
Hat, topi (especially a sun hat),
kopiah, chapiu; hat-box, peti topi;
to wear a hat, memakei topi; to
take off the hat, buka topi; hatter,
tukang topi
Hate (v.), benchi
Have, ada [see Grammar), berulih
Hay, rumput kring
He, him, she, her, dia, ia
Head, kapala; headache, sakit
kapala; head wind, angin di-
muka
Health, nyaman, sihatt ''afiyat
Heap (n.), timbunan
Hear, dengar
Hearing (sense of), penengaran
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
97
Heart, jantong, (as the seat of the
affections) hati
Hearth, tampat api
Heat, panas, (artificial) hangat
Heaven (sky), langit, (home of the
blessed) shurga, surga
Heavy, brat, (of rain) lebdt
Hedge, pagar
Heel, tumit
Hell, naraka, (Mohammedan) jehen-
nam
Helm, kemudi
Help, tulung ; there's no help for it,
apa bulih buat (what can be done ?)
Hen, hayam betina
Hence (from here), deri sini; (for this
reason) sebdb ini; (from this time
forth) deripada waktu ini
Herd, kawan
Here, sini, di-sini
Hereafter, di-blakang ini
Hiccough, sedu
Hidden, tersembuni
Hide (v.), sembuni, sembunyi
Hide (skin), kulit
High, tinggi ; high water, ayer
pasang pentih
Highway, jalan ray a
Hill, bukit
Hilt, hulu ■
Himself, dia sendiri
Hinder (v.), teg ah
Hindustan, negri Hindi
Hip, pangkal paha
Hire, rent (n.), seica ; (v.) upah,
mengupahkan (engage a servant)
His, her, dia punya or dia following
the noun
Hit (v.), kend
Hither, ka-sini, ka-mari
Hitherto, sampei sekarang
Hoe, changkul (large, used for
digging)
Hoist (sail, colours), angkat, naik
Hold (of a ship), petdk ; to hold, take
hold of, pegdng, (contain) muat
Hole, lobang
Holiday, hari raya
Holland, negri Blanda, Wolanda
Hollow, kosong
Holy, kudus
Home : at home, di-rumah
Honey, ayer madu ; honeycomb,
indok madu
Hoof, kuku
Hope (n. and v.), harap
Horizon, kaki langit
Horn, tanduk, (of rhinoceros) sumbu
Horse, kuda ; horseshoe, besi kuda ;
horsewhip, chabuk, cliamti
Hospital, ruinah sakit
Hot, panas, hangat {see Heat) ; pun-
gent, pedds
Hotel, hotel, rwmah makanan
Hour, jam
House, rumah
How, bagimana; how long? brapa
lama ? how many ? how much ?
brapa banyak? how much? (of
price), brapa harga? how often?
brapa kali ?
However, tetapi
Hunch-back, bongkok
Hunger, lapar; hungry, lapar; to
be hungry, lapar
Hunt (v.), bum
Hurricane, tufan, ribut
Hurry (n.), gopoh
Hurt (v.), sakitkan
Husband, laki, suami
Hut, pondok
I, sahya (commonly used by
Europeans), aku (by Malays)
Ice, ayer baku, ayer batu
Idiot, gila
Idle, malas
Idol, berhala
If, kalau, kalu, jikalau; even if,
jikalau sa-kali-pun
Ignorant, bebdl
111, sakit; I feel ill, sahya rasa sakit;
illness, penyakit
Imagine, sangka
Imitate, tiru, turut
Immediately, sigrd, sekarang ini
Immortal, kakdl, baka
Impertinent, muka papan, sumb&ng
Import (goods), to, masukkan
Important, besdr, brat
Impossible, ta' bulih, mustahU
Imprison, kurongkan, penjarakan
Impudent, muka papan
In, dalam; (at home) di-mimah; in
order to, supaya; in my opinion,
pada fiTriran sahya
Inch, inchi
Increase (n.), tambahan; (v.) tambah
(intrans.), tambahkan (trans.)
Incur, kend; used in many idiomatic
phrases {see Maxwell, p. 90)
Indebted, berhutang
G
98
MALAY MANUAL
Indeed (really, truly), sungguh; as
an interrogative = really ? bagitu-
kah (is it so ?)
India, negri Hindi; an Indian, orang
Hindi
Indiarubber, getdh
Indian corn, jagong
Indigestion, makanan ta' hajam
Indigo (dye) nila, (plant), tarum
Industrious, rajin
Infant, kanak-anak
Infectious, berjangkit
Infidel, kqfir
Inform, bri tahu
Inhabit, diami, duduki
Inhabitants, isi negri, anak rayat
Inheritance, pusaka
Injustice, aniaya
Ink, dawat, tinta; inkstand, tampat
dawat
Inland, hulu
Insane, insanity, gila
Insect, binatang
Inside, di-dalam
Instance : for instance, mesalnya
Instant (n.), sa lat, sa-kejdp
Instead of, ganti
Instruments (equipment), perkakas,
alat
Intend, mau, hendak
Interest (on money) bunga ivang
Interior, dalam, (of a country), hulu,
udik
Interpret, bri arti, mengartikan
Interpreter, juru bahasa
Interval, seldng
Into, ka-dalam
Introduce, bawa masuk
Invite, jemput
Invoice, faktur, surat barang
Inwards, ka-dalam
Iron, besi; (n. and v.) strika (for
laundry work)
Is, ada; is it not? ia-kah?
Island, ^mfcm
It, dia, itu ; it is, itu ada ; it is not,
bukan-nya
Italy, negri Itali
Itch (n.), kudis, (n. and v.) gatal
Ivory, gading
Jackal, srigala
Jacket, baju
Japan, negri Japun
Jar (large), tempayan, (smaller),
g, gusi
Jaundice, membang
Java, tanah Jaiva
Jaws, rahang
Jesus Christ, ' Isa el-meseh
Jetty, pier, jambatan
Jew, Yahudi
Jewel, per mata; jewelry, mata benda
Jeweller, juhari
Join (put together), hubongkan;
(meet), jumpa
Joiner, tukang almari
Joints (of the body), sendi
Journey (by land), perjalanan; (by
sea), pelayaran
Judge, hakim
Judgment, hukum; day of judgment,
hari kiamat
Jug, buy ongt jag
Juice, ayefi*
Jump (v,), lumpat; jump down, terjun
Junk, wangkang
Just (adj.) iadil; just now, tadi, seka-
rang ini; just so, betid bag itu;
just the same, samajuga
Justice, ka-cadilan
Keel, lunas
Keep (take care of), simpan
Kettle, cherek, ketel, kiri
Key, anak kunchi; key-hole, lobang
kunchi
Kick (v.), tendang (of a horse)
Kidneys, buah ping gang
Kill, bunuh
Kind (sort), jenis, macham, bagei
King, raja
Kiss (v.) chium
Kitchen, dapur
Kite (bird), lang ; (paper) layang-
layang
Knead (make dough), adon, ramas
Knee, lutut
Kneel, berlutut
Knife, pisau; pen-knife, pisau kechil
Knock, pukul, ketdk
Knot, simpul
Know, tahu; (be acquainted with),
kendl ; I don't know, kurang priksa
(I have not enquired enough)
Knowledge, Hlmu
Knuckle, bukujari
Labour, kerja ; labourer, kuli, orang
gccji
Lace, renda
Ladder, tangga
ENGLISH.MALAY VOCABULARY
Ladle (made of coco -nut shell),
gayong, chebok (with no handle)
Lady (European), madam, mem
Lake, danau, kolam, tasek
Lamb, anak biri
Lame, chapek, penchang, tempang
Lamp, lampu, pelita ; lamp - glass,
chimney, chorong ; lamp-oil, min~
yak lampu; lamp- wick, sumbu
Land, tanah, (opposed to water),
darat; to land (go ashore), naik
darat
Landing place, pangkalan
Landlord, tuan rumah (tanah)
Lane, lorong, jalan kechU
Language, bahasa
Lantern, lantera, tenglong (Chinese)
Lap, pangku, riba
Larboard, kiri
Lard, minyak babi
Larder, gedong makanan
Large, besdr ; as large as, sa-besdr
Last (v.), tahan; (adj.) gang biaka
(of place) ; lalu (of time) ; last
month, bulan lalu; last night, sa-
malam; at last, pada akhir-nya;
lastly, penghabisan
Latch, kanching
Late, lambat
Lately, baharu init baharu tadi
Laugh, tertawa ; laugh at, tertawakan
Laundryman, dobi, binara, tukang
minatu
Lavatory ( W. C. ), jamban
Law, hukum, undang-undang
Lawyer, wakil
Lay (set down, place), taruh; (eggs),
bertelor; (table), pasang mej a, taruh
meja; (a wager), bertaruh ; lay
down, baring/can
Lazy, inalas
Lead (metal), timah hitam; sounding
lead, prum, batu duga; lead-pencil,
pensil; to lead (the way), membaiva
jalan, (show the way), tunjukkan
Leaf (tree), daun ; (paper), halei,
lei
Leak (v.), bochor
Lean (adj.), kurus ; (v.) sengit
(incline) ; lean against, bersandar
Leap, lumpat; leap down, terjun
Learn, blajar
Least, yang Icechil kechU; at least,
sa-kurang-kurang
Leather, kulit
Leave (n.), izin (permission); (v.)
tinggalkan (abandon); ask leave,
minta izin; give leave, bri izin;
take leave, minta diri
Leech, lintah
Leeward, di-bawah angin
Left (not right), kiri; (remainder),
baki ; to the left, sa-blah kiri;
left-handed, kidal
Leg (generally), kaki; (lower leg,
from knee to ankle), betis
Leisure, sempat
Lemon, limau asam
Lemonade, ayer manis, sherbat
Lend, bripinjam
Length (distance), panjang
Leprosy, kusta
Less, kurang ; less than, Jcurang
deripada
Lest, supaya jangan, agar jangan
Let, to (allow), biyar; let go, lep&s ;
let off (fire-arms), pasang ; let (for
hire), bri sewa, kasih sewa
Letter (postal), surat, (of alphabet),
huruf (pi.)
Level, rata
Library, tampat buku
Lick, jilat *
Lid, tudongan, tutupan
Lie, bohong
Lie down, baring
Life, kahidupany hayat
Lift (v.), angkat
Light (not dark), trang ; (not heavy)
rengan; (of colour) muda ; day-
light, siang hari; to light (kindle),
pasang
Lighthouse, rumah api
Lightning, kilat
Like (in the style of), chara; like
as, sama, seperti; to like, suka;
whether you like it or not, mau
ta' mau
Lily, bakong
Limb, anggota
Lime (fruit), limau nipis; (chemistry),
kapur ; quick-lime, kapur tohor
Line (string), tali; (row), baris
Linen, kain rami; (washing) kain-kain
Lining, alas
Lion, singa
Lips, bibir
Liquid, chayer
List, daftar, list
Listen to, dengarkan
Litter (for carrying a person), tandu
Little, kechll
a*
100
MALAY MANUAL
Live (be alive), hidup, (reside), ting-
gal, diam, duduk
Liver, hati
Lizard, chichek; (gecko), tekik
Load (n.), muatan, (v.) muatkan
Loaf (of bread), roti sa-buah
Lobster, hudang gala
Lock (n.), kunchi, ibu kunchi; (v.)
kunchikan
Locust, bilalang
Log (small), puntung kayu
Loins, pangkal paha
Lonely, sunyi
Long (in space), panjang, (of time),
lama; long ago, sudah lama; as
long as, sa-lama (time), sa-panjang
(space); don't be long, jangan
lambat
Look, look at, pandang, tengok, lihat
(see Maxwell, p. 121) ; look for,
chari, chahari; look out, jaga ; (to
appear), rupa-nya sakit (he looks
iU> . •
Looking-glass, chermin
Loose (not tight), longgar; (slack, of
ropes), kendor
Lose, hilang^ ; (a battle), alah, kalah
Loss (financial), rugi
Lot, undi ; cast lots, buang undi
Loud, loudly, kwat-kwat
Love (n.), kasihan, (v.) kasih
Low (not high), rendah; (in price),
murah; low water, ayer surut
Luck, untong ; good luck, untong
baik; bad luck, untong malang
Luggage, barang-barang
Lumbago, sengal ping gang
Lump, gempal
Lungs, parau-parau
Machine, injin, jintra, pesawat
Mad, gila
Madam, mem
Maggot, hulat, ulat
Magic, hikmat
Magistrate, tuan majistret, tuan polis
Magnet, besi berani
Maize, jagong
Make, buaty bekin
Malaria, dem&m
Malaya, tanah Malayu; a Malay,
orang Malayu; Malay language,
bahasa Malayu
Male (human being), laki - laki,
(animal) jantan
Man, orang , laki-laki
Mane, bulu tengkok
Mange, kudis
Mango, mangga
Mankind, manusia
Manner, chara ; in this manner,
demikian ini
Man-of-war, kapal prang
Manufacture, buatan ; made in
Europe, buatan Iropa
Manure, baja
Many, banyak ; as many, sa-banyak ;
so many, sekian; very many, ter-
lalu banyak
Map, petd
Marble, pualamy marmar
Mare, kuda betina
Mark, tanda; (seal, stamp), cliap
Market, pasar, pekdn ; market-place,
tampat pasar; to go to market,
pergi pasar
Marriage, kahwin
Married (having a husband), ber-
suami, (having a wife), berbini
Marrow, utak tulang (brain of bone)
Marry (intrans.), kahwin; (give in
marriage), kahwinkan, nikah
Marsh, pay a
Mason (stone), tukang batu
Mast, tiang
Master, tuan
Mat, tikar
Matches, tarek api, korek api, machis
Matter (affair), perkara ; no matter,
tidak apa, tiada mengapa; what is
the matter with him (of illness)?
apa sakitnya, apa kurang
Mattress, tilam
May, bulih
Me, sahya, sama sahya
Meadow, padang rumput
Meal (food), makanan ; (flour),
tep6ng ; to take a meal, makan
nasi (eat rice)
Mean (adj.), hina (base), kikir
(stingy) ; to mean (intend), hendak ;
(signify) : what does it mean ? apa
arti-nya
Meaning, arti
Means (wealth), ka-kaya-an; (way,
method), jalan; by means of,
dengan
Meanwhile, dalam antara iiu
Measles, champak
Measure (length), hukuran, (capacity)
sukatan; (v.) hukur, sukat
Meat, dag'mg
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABP£A&tf
101.
Medicine, obat
Meet (v.)jumpa, temu
Melon (water), tembikei
Melt (trans.), lebur, (intrans.) leburkan
Memory, ingatan
Men, orang-orang
Mend, membaiki
Mention, sebut
Merchandise, dagangan
Merchant, dagang, sudagar; mer-
chantman (ship), kapal dagang
Merely, soja
Message, pesanan
Messenger, penyuruh
Mew (of cat), mengiau
Middle, tengah
Midnight, tengah malam
Might (n.), gagah, kuivat; (could),
bulih
Mild (gentle), manis
Mildew, lapuk
Mile, batu (stone), mil
Milk, susu
Mill, penggilingan ; miller, tukang
penggilingan ; mill - stone, batu
kisaran
Mince (chop fine), chinchang
Mind (understanding), lakal; to mind
(look after), jaga, (care, heed),
ingat ; never mind, tiada apa, ta'
usah
Mine, galian; miner, tukang gali;
(belonging to me) sahya punya
Minute (n.) sa'at, minit; (fine, small),
halus, seni
Miss (n.), missi; (v.) tiada kend (not
to bit the mark) ; silap jalan (miss
the road)
Mist, kabut
Mistake, salah, silap; to make a
mistake, buat salah
Mister (Mr.), tuan, si- in B.N.B.
Misunderstand, salah mengarti, salah
dengar
Mix (trans.), champur
Moment, sa 'at, sa-kejdp, sa-bentar
Money, wang ; money - changer,
tukang tukar wang ; ready money,
wang tunei
Monkey, munyet, kerd
Month, bulan ; last month, bulan
lalu ; next month, bulan dapdn,
bulan datang; this month, bulan ini
Moon, bulan; full moon, bulan per-
nama; new moon, bulan baharu,
bulan timbul
Moonlight, bulan trang
More, lebih, lagi; more than, lebih
deripada; a little more, sedikit
lagi; once more, sa-kali lagi; the
more . . . the more, makin . . .
makin
Moreover, lagi-pun
Morning, pagi
Morsel (mouthful), sa-suap
Mortal, /and
Mortar (for pounding grain) lesong ;
(cement), kapur
Mortgage (v.), gadeikan
Mosque, masjid ; (private) surau,
mandarsah
Mosquito, nyamok; mosquito net,
klambu
Moss, lumut
Most, terlebih banyak, terlalu banyo.k
Mother, mak, ibu; mother-in-law,
mentua ; step-mother, mak tiri
Mother-of-pearl, indong mutiara
Mould (earth), tanah ; (mildew),
lapuk; mouldy, lapuk, basi
Mount (v.), naik
Mountain, gunong
Mouse, tikus
Moustache, misei, kumis
Mouth, mulut ; (river), kuala
Mouthful, sa-suap, sa-mulut
Move (intrans.), gerdk, bergerdk,
aleh; (trans.), gerakkan, alehkan
Much, banyak; too much, terlampau;
how much ? brapa banyak ; how
much is this ? ini brapa harga
Mud, lumpur
Mug (small earthenware jar), kendi
Mumps, bengok
Murder (n.), pembunuhan ; (v.)
bunuh; murderer, pembunuh
Muscle, urat
Mushroom, chendawan
Music, bunyi-bunyian
Musk, kasturi
Musket, snapang
Muslin, kain khasa
Must, patut, misti
Mustard, sesawi, mastad
Mutton, daging kambing , dagingbiri-
biri
My, sahya punya preceding or sahya
following the noun : see Grammar
Nail (carpenter's), paku ; (finger),
kuku ; nail-brush, bins kuku,
Naked, telanjang
j02
MALAY MANUAL
Name, nama
Nape (of neck), tangkok
Napkin (table), tuala, serbetta
Narrow, sempit
Nation (people), bangsa
Native (of a country), anak negri;
native land, tanah ayer
Nature (disposition), tabi lat ; .(created
things), khalaik
Navel, pusat
Near, nearly, dekdt, hampir
Necessary, harus, patut, wajib
Neck, leher ; necktie, kain ikat
leher
Needle, jarum; needlewoman, per-
ampuan tukang jahit
Needless, ta' usah
Neglect (n.), lalei; (v.) laleikan ;
neglectful, lalei
Neighbour, orang rumah sa - blah,
orang sa-kampong
Neither . . . nor, pun tidak . . .
pun tidak
Nerve, uratputih
Nest, sarang
Net (casting), jala; (seine), pukat;
(landing) sauh-sauh; (also for birds
or animals), jaring
Nettle, jelatang
Never, tay pernah ; never yet, belum
pernah; never mind, tidak apa
Nevertheless, tetapi
New, baharu
New Guinea, Papua
News, khabar
Newspaper, surat khabar
Next (in place), yang dekdt ; (in time),
kemdian
Nice (pleasant to the senses), seddp
Night, malam ; all night, sapanjang
malam; last night, sa - malam,
malam tadi; late at night, jauh
malam ; midnight, tengah malam ;
to-night, malam ini, malam sekar-
ang ; day and night, siang malam;
to pass the night, bermalam
Nightingale, bidbul
Nitre, sendawa
No, tidak, tada
Nod (v.), anggok kapala
Noise, bunyi, gaduh
None (not one), satu pun tidak, (not
any), tiada
Noon, tengah hari
North, vtara; north-east, timurlaut;
north-west, barat laut
Nose, hidong
Nostril, lobang hid
Not, is not, tidak, "bukan; do not
(with imperative), jangan
Notepaper, kartas surat
Nothing, satu pun tidak
Notice (n.), notis
Notwithstanding, tetapi
Now, sekarang ; now and then,
kadang-kadang ; just now, tadi
Nowhere, tidak dimana
Number, angka, nomber, nommer
Nurse (n.), pengasuh; (v.) asuh
(children)
Nut, buah kras kulit
Nutmeg, buahpala
Oar, dayong
Oatn, sumpah; to break one's oath,
makan sumpah
Oats, bras blanda
Obey, turut
Object (thing), bamng, (aim, pur-
pose), kahendak; to object, oppose,
melaioan
Oblige (force), paksa ; (do a favour),
tulung
Observe (take notice of), perhatikan;
(look at), pandang : see Maxwell,
p. 121
Occupation (business), pekerja - an,
(means of livelihood), pencharian
Occur, jadi
Ocean, lautan
Odd (of numbers), ganjil
Offer (v.), unjuk
Office, qfi,s; (employment), jjegangan
Officer, pegawei
Official, penjaivat
Often, sa-lalu, krap kali
Oil, minyak
Old (aged), tuah; of old, deri da-
hulu ; how old are you ? brapa
tuan puny a lumur?
Olive, zait
Omelette, dadar telor
Once, -sa-kali; once more, sakali lagi
One, satu; one another, satu sama
lain; one by one, satu-salu; one
more, lagi satu; in the sense of
"people" (Fr. on, German man),
orang
One-eyed, mala sa-blah
Oneself, sendiri
Onion, bawang
Only, sahaja, hanya
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
103
Open (v.), buka, (the eyes) chelekkan ;
(adj.), terbuka, chelek
Opinion, fikiran (pikiran)
Opium, madat, chandu, qfiun (apiun)
Opportunity, sampat
Opposed to, melawan
Opposite, di - dapan, di - hadapan ;
(facing) tentang
Or, atau
Orange, limau manis
Order (v.), suruh ; (n.) aturan
(arrangement), petdn (commission),
paagkat (class) ; by order, dengan
perentah
Ostrich, burong onta
Other, lain; the other day, sudah
brapahari; every other day, seldng
sa - hari ; otherwise, melainkan,
kalau tida
Ought, harus, patut, mau : see
Grammar
Our, ours, kita punya
Out, luar ; outside, di-luar ; out-
wards, kaluar
Outward (opposed to inward), dlahir
Oven, dapur
Over (above), di-atas ; (more than)
lebih deripada; (ended), sudah;
over and over again, ulang-ulang
Overcoat, baju panas
Overflow (v.), limpah
Overseer, mandur
Owe (money), berhutang
Owl, burong hantu
Own: my own, sahya puny a; to
own, ampunya
Owner, tuan, yang ampunya
Ox, lembUj sapi
Oyster, tiram
Pace (step), langkah
Pack (things up), kemaskan
Paddle (n. and v.), kayuli
Padlock, kunchi mangga
Page (of book), muka surat
Pail, long
Pain, sakit, rasa sakit
Paint (n.), chat, (v.) sapu chat, tulis
gambar (to paint pictures) ; painter,
tukang chat, penults
Pair (of gloves and the like) sa-
pasang ; (of horses), jori
Palace, astana, maligei
Palate (roof of the month), langit-
langit
Pale, puchat (of colours and the
complexion)
Palm (of the hand), tapak tang an
Palm-branch, pelpah
Palsy, tepok
Pane (window), kachajlndela
Paper, kartas ; a sheet of paper,
kartas sa-lei
Paralytic, lumpuh
Parasol, payong
Parcel, bungkus
Pardon, ampun, malaf; I beg your
pardon, sahya minta ampun
Parents, ibu-bapa
Parrot, parroquet, nuri, bay an
Part (n.), sa-kerdt ; to part (divide),
bahagi; (to separate from), cherai
Pass (mountain), jalan kechil, jalan
sempit ; to pass, lain; (as coin),
lakit; to pass by, berjalan lalu
Passage money (on a ship), sewa
kapal, tambang
Past, sudah
Paste, perkat
Pastry, kiceh; pastrycook, tukang
kweh
Path, lorong kechil
Patience, patient, sabar
Pattern (sample), chonto
Pavement, hdmparan batu
Paw, kaki
Pawn (v.), gadeikan; take out of
pawn, tebus gadei; pawnbroker,
orang pajak gadei
Pay (v.), bayar; payment, bayaran
Pea, kachang
Peace, damei
Peacock, merdk
Pearl, mutiara
Peasant, orang dusun, orang ka-
banyakkan
Peat, tariah api
Pedlar, orang penjaja
Peel (rind), kulit ; to peel, kupas
Pen, kalam, pen
Penalty (fine), denda, (punishment),
siksa
Pencil, patlut, pensil
Penknife, pisau kechil, plsau pen
People, orang-orang
Pepper, lada
Perfume, baubauan
Perhaps, barangkali
Period, masa, uaktu
Perish (go to ruin), binasa, (die),
mati
104
MALAY MANUAL
Permanent, kekdl
Permit (v.), bri izin, biyar ; a permit,
license, surat leisen
Perpetual, yang tiada berkaputusan
Person, orang
Perspiration, peluh
Pestle, antan, alu
Petition, perminta-an
Phlegm, dahak
Pick (flowers), petek; pick up, pungut
Pickles, achar
Picture, gambar
Piece, sa-keping, sa-kerdt
Pier, jambatan
Pierce, chuchuk : see Maxwell, p. 120
Piety, 'ibadat
Pig, babi
Pigeon (tame), merpati, (wild) punai
Pile (stake), panchang, (heap), tambun
Pillar, tiang
Pillow, banted; pillow-case, sarong
bantal
Fin, peniti; hairpin, chuchuk sang yul
Pineapple, nanas
Pink, merah muda (pale red)
Pipe (smoking), unchui,pipa; bowl,
kapala ; stem, batang
Pirate, perumpak
Pistol, pistol
Pit, lobang
Pitch (n.), gala-gala; to pitch (roll,
as a ship), golek
Pitcher, buyong
Pity (n.), belds ; (v.) belaskan; what
a pity ! kasihan
Place (n.), tampat; (y.) taruh, bubuh
Plague, sampar
Plain (n.), padang ; (adj.), trang
(clear, evident)
Plaintiff, pengadu
Plan (method), jalan ; (diagram), petd
Plane (carpenter's), ketdm
Plank, papan
Plant (n.), tanaman, pokok, tumhuh-
tumbuhan; (v.) tanam
Plantation, kabun
Plate, piring, (large) pinggan
Play (n.), permainan (game), mayong,
wayang (theatrical) ; to play, main
Please, bri suka, sukakan : if you
please sila e.g. sila masuk, please
come in ; in giving orders choba,
minta are used like our " please
e.g. choba bawa krusi, please bring
a chair ; as you please, suka hati
tuan, mana suka tuan
Plough, tenggala, bajak
Pluck (flowers), petek
Pocket, kochek, saku
Pocket-book, tampat surat
Poetry, sh'a Hr
Point (n.), hujong, (promontory),
tanjong ; (v.) tunjuk
Poison, rachun; (from the upas tree),
ipoh
Poke, chuchuk; poker, chuchuk api
Pole, kayu, (for native boats), galah;
(of sky), kuttub
Policeman, mata - mata ; police-sta-
tion, lock-up, rumahpasong
Polite, bastari, adab, sopan
Pomegranate, dalima
Pond, kolam, danau
Pool (deep place in river or sea), lubok
Poop (ship), buritan
Poor, meskin, papa
Porch, surambi
Porcupine, landak
Pork, daging babi
Porpoise, lumba-lumba
Porridge, suji
Port (on board ship), kiri; (harbour),
pelabuhan
Porter (carrier), kuli, (at a gate),
penunggu pintu
Portugal, negri Portugis; a Portu-
guese, orang Portugis
Possess, ampunya
Possibly, barangkali ; ada konun (it
is reported)
Post, pos ; post office, tampat kirim
surat
Posterior (anus), burit
Pot (earthenware), priuk, Manga,
(iron or earthenware), kuali,
(flower-pot), pasu
Potato, ubi
Pour, tuang
Powder, serbuk; gunpowder, obat
bedil; (medicine), obat lumat
Pox, small, chachar, katumbuhan
Prawn, hudang
Pray, minta do la; pray for, do lakan;
prayer, do la
Precipice, terjal
Prefer, lebih suka
Prepare, sediakan
Prescription (medicine), obat-dbat
Present (n.), pembrian; (adj.) ada,
hadlir (not absent) ; yang sekarang
ini (of time) ; (v.) bri
Presently, sabentar lagi
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
105
Press (squeeze), apit, (press down
e.g. with the hand), tekdn
Presume (imagine), sangkal
Pretend, pura-pura, buat-buat
Pretty, bagus, chantek
Prevent, tegdh, larang
Price, harga; fixed price, harga
mati
Prick (v.), chuchuk
Priest (Mohammedan), imdm, (Chris-
tian), padri
Prince, putra ; princess, putri
Print (v.), chap; printer, tukang
chap ; printing office, tampat chap ;
printing-press, apitan
Prison, panjara, jel
Private (adj.), sunyi; private parts,
kamaluan
Privy, jamban, perlindongan
Probably, barangkali
Procession, perarakan
Proclaim (issue a proclamation), bri
tahu khabaran
Profit, untong, laba,faidah
Prohibited, larangan
Promise (n.),janji, (v.) berjanji
Prone (face downwards), tertiarap
Pronounce, sebut, bunyikan; pro-
nunciation, sebutan, bunyi
Proof, kanyata-an, katrangan
Proper, hxvrus, patut
Property (goods and chattels), herta
benda
Prophet, nabi
Proportion, Icadar ; in proportion to,
sa-kadar
Prosecute, mendahoa, (accuse), tuduh;
prosecution, da'wa, (accusation),
tuduhan
Prostitute, sundal, jalang
Proverb, perumpama-an
Province (district), daira, jdjahan
Provisions, bekdl
Publish (a book), kaluarlcan
Pull, tarek; pull down (blinds),
tumnkan
Pulse, nadi
Pump, bomba
Pumpkin, labu
Punish, siksakan; punishment, silcsa
Pupil (eye), anak mata; (scholar),
murid
Pure (clean), suchi, (unadulterated),
tiada berchampur
Purple, ungu
Purpose (intention), kahendak; on
purpose, sengaja; to no purpose,
chuma-chuma
Purse, pundi-pundi
Pursue, kejarkan
Push (v.), tolak, sorong
Pat, taruh, bubuh; put away (put
by), simpan; put down, letakkan;
put on (clothes), pakei; put out
(fire, light), padam; put off (defer),
tangguh
Quail, puyuh
Quality, si/at
Quantity, banyak
Quarrel (n.), perbdntahan ; (v.)
bantah
Quarter (fourth part), suku ; (of a
town), kampong; in that quarter,
sa-blah ini
Quay, bagan
Queen, raja perempuan
Question, sual
Quick, lekds, chepdt
Quicksilver, raksa
Quiet (silent), diam
Quill, bulu; quill pen, kalam bulu
Quilt, kain selimut
Quit, tinggalkan
Quite, sakali; not quite, tidak chukup
Quiver (n.), terkas
Rabbit, kwelu, terivelu
Race , bang sa; (sport), lurribah; horse-
race, lumbah kuda
Radish, lobak
Raft, rakit
Rags, kain burok
Railway, kreta api; railway station,
persinggahan, station
Rain (n.), hujan ; heavy rain, hujan
lebdt; light rain, hujan rintek-
rintek; (v.), hujan
Rainbow, palangi
Raise, angkat
Raisins, kismis
Rake (garden), sisir tanah
Ram , biri-biri jantan
Range (of mountains), gunonggu-
nongan
Rank (station), pangkat; (rancid),
hanyir
Ransom (n.), tebusan, (v.) tebus
Rapids (in a river), jerdm
Rare (not common), jarang
106
MALAY MANUAL
Rat, tikus
Rather (somewhat), sedikit; I would
rather, sahya lebih suka
Rattan, rotan
Raw (not cooked), mentah
Ray (of light), sinar
Razor, pisau chukur
Reach (arrive at), sampei
Read, bacha
Ready, sedia, siap
Real, betul, sungguh; really, sungguh-
nya
Reap (cut rice), ketdm, tuwei
Reason (cause), seb&b, (intelligence),
lakal, budi
Rebel (n.) yang derhaka, (v.)
derhaka
Receipt, surat trima, resit
Receive, trima
Recently, baharu brapa hari
Reckon (calculate), bilang, hitung
Recollect, ingot
Red, merah
Reef, karang
Reflect (think), fikir ; reflect upon,
fikirkan
Refuse (in trans.), enggan, (trans.)
enggankan; (n.) sampah (sweep-
ings)
Regular (in order), teratur ; regularly,
sa-lalu
Reins, ras
Relate, cheritrakan
Relatives, kaum kalurga
Release (v.), lepaskan
Religion, agama
Remain, ting gal
Remainder, baki
Remedy, penawar, obat
Remember, ingat
Remind, ingatkan, bri ingat
Remove (intrans.), pindah, (trans.),
pindahkan
Rent (n. and v.), sewa
Repair (mend), membaiki
Repay, bayar hutang
Repeat, ulang
Reply (v.) sahut,jawab
Report (rumour), khabar ; to report,
khabarkan; it is reported, ada
konun
Request (v.), minta
Require, niau, hendak
Reside, ting gal, diam, duduk
Resin, damar batu
Resist, lawan
Respect (n.) hormat (v.) hormati;
with respect to, fasal
Rest (n.), perhentian; (remainder),
baki; (v.) berhenti (stop), baring (lie
down)
Restore, kombalikan, pulangkan
Result, kasudahan, akhimya
Return (intrans.), batik, pulang,
kombali
Revenue, hasil
Revolver, revolver
Reward, pahala
Rheumatism, sengdl
Rhinoceros, badak
Rib, tulang rusuk
Ribbon, pita
Rice (in the husk), padi; (husked),
berds ; (boiled), nasi; (roasted in
the husk), bertih
Rich, kaya ; riches, kakaya-an
Ride, tunggang, kendara, naik kuda
Right (correct, proper), betul ; (not
left), kanan; to the right, sa-blah
kanan
Rim, tepi, bibir
Rind, kulit
Ring (n.), chinchin (finger) ; to ring
(bell), goyang
Riot, gempar
Ripe, masak ; over-ripe, ranum
Rise (to a standing position), bangkit;
(from bed), bangun ; (of the sun),
terbit
River, sungei
Road, jalan; main road, jalan ray a ;
cross road, sempang jalan
Roast (n. and v. ), panggang
Rob (steal), churi; robber, penchuri
Rock, batu laut
Roe (fish), teldr ikan
Roll (intrans.), guling, (trans.),
gulingkan ; (as a ship), golek
Roof, bwnbong
Room, bilikt kamar; make room, bri
tampat
Root, akar
Rope, tali
Rose, mawar
Rotten, busuk
Rough (not smooth), kasap
Round (not flat), bulat ; round about,
kuliling
Row (disturbance), gadoh, pergado-
han, (line, series), baris ; in a row,
berderet; to row (with an oar),
berdayong
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
107
Rub (when cleaning), gosok, (with
the hands), urut
Rubbish (refuse), sampah
Ruby, dalima
Rudder, kamudi
Rude (uncivil), kasar
Rule (carpenter's), hukuran ; to rule
(govern), perentah
Rump (anus), punggung, buntut
Run, lari ; run after (pursue), kejar
Russia, negri Rusia
Rust, karat, tahi besi
Sack, karong, guni, saku
Sacrifice (v.), sembleh
Saddle, palana, sella
Safe, safety, slamat
Saffron, kunyit
Sago, sagu
Said : it is said, kata orang
Sail (n.), layer ; (v.) berlayer
Sailor, anak prahu, khalasi, mdtros
Saint, wali
Sake: for the sake of God, karna
Allah
Salad, salada
Salary, gaji, upah
Salt (n.) garam; salty, asin
Salt-cellar, tampat garam
Salutation, saldm, tabek
Salute (v.), bri saldm
Same, sama, sa-rupa ; this is the same
as that, ini sama dengan itu; it's
all the same, it makes no difference
sama juga
Sample, chonto
Sand, pasir
Sandals (leather), charpu; (wooden),
trumpah
Sap, getdh
Satin, siten, atlas
Satisfied, puds; satisfy, puaskan
Sauce, saus, kuah
Saucepan, Manga, priuk
Saucer, piring
Sausage, sosis
Savage (ferocious), buas, (not tame),
liyar
Save (put by), simpan
Saw, gergaji
Say, kata: that is to say, artinya ;
see Maxwell, p. 121
Scales (for weighing), timbangan,
naracha ; (of fish), sisek
car, parut
carce, jarang
Scarlet, merah tuah
Scatter, tabur
Scent, bau-bau-an
School, skolah
Scissors, gunting
Scorpion, kala-jenking
Scrape, garuk, kikis
Scream, triak, jerit
Screen, tirei, tabir (curtains, of
cloth), bidei (hanging screens of
split cane)
Screw, paku skrup
Sculptor, pandei memahat. pengukir
Scurvy, saratan
Sea, lautan; sea-shore, pantei ; sea-
sick, malmk laut
Sealing-wax, lak
Season, musim
Seat (chair), krusi ; to be seated,
duduk
Second (time), sa - kejdp, sa - kelip,
sekon ; second, yang kadua ;
secondly, kadua perkara
Secret (n. and adj.), rahsia
Secretary, juru tulis
Secure (firm, fixed), tetdp
Security (bail), jamin
See, lihat : see Maxwell, p. 121
Seed, benih, biji
Seek, chahari, chari
Seem : it seems good, rupa-nya baik
(its appearance is good)
Seize, tangkap
Seldom, jarang
Select (v.), pilih
Self, sendiri : see Grammar
SelLitM?
Send, hirim; send for, panggil
Sense (understanding), lakal; (mean-
ing) arti; the five senses, lima
perrasa-an
Sentence (judgment), hukum; (v.)
hukumkan
Sentry, orang jaga
Separate (adj.), asing, (v.) asingkan
Sepoy, stpahi
Serpent, ular
Servant, orang gaji, pelayan ; to
serve (wait on), layan
Set (place) taruh, bubuh; set out,
berangkat; set sail, berlayer
Several, banyak ; of several kinds,
anika-anika, berjenis-jenis
Sew, jahit
Shade, naung, teduh
Shadow, bayang
108
MALAY MANUAL
Shake (intrans.), goyang ; (trans.),
goyangkan; shake hands, berjabat
tangan
Shallow, tohor, chetek
Sham, pura-pura
Shame, malu
Shape, rupa
Share (n.), bahagian; (v.) bahagi
Shark, ikan yu
Sharp (of a knife), tajam, (of flavour),
masam
Shave, chukur
She, her, dia, ia
Sheath, sarong
Shed, bangsal, pondok
Sheep, biri-biri
Sheet, kain sdimut; of paper, kartas
sa-lei
Shell (sea), siput; (nut), tempurong ;
(bomb), priuk api
Shepherd, gombala
Shield, prisei
Shin, tulang kering
Shine, sinar
Ship, kapal
Shipwreck, karam
Shirt, kameja
Shiver (tremble), gentar
Shoe, kasut, spatu ; shoemaker,
tukang spatu
Shoot (firearms), pasang bedil; (with
a bow), panah
Shop, kadei, gedong ; shop-keeper,
orang berkadei
Shore, pantei
Short, pendek
Shoulder, bahu ; shoulder - blade,
blikat
Shout (cry out), seru; (for joy), surah
Shovel, sudok, sekup abu
Show (v.), tunjuk
Shrill (of sounds), nyaring
Shrimp, hudang
Shut (v.) tutup; (the eyes), pejdm;
(adj.), ter tutup
Shutters, papanjindela
Sick (ill), sakit; to be sick (vomit),
muntah; sickness, penyakit
Sickle, sabit
Side (of body), rusuk; (of position),
sa-blah; right side, sa-blah kanan;
left side, sa-blah kiri; both sides,
kadua blah; at the side of, sa-blah
Sieve, ayak, nyiru (for winnowing
grain)
Sift, ayakkan
Sigh (n. and v.), keluh
Sight (sense of), penglihatan
Sign (mark, token), tanda; to sign
(one's name), turuh tanda tangan
Signature, tanda tangan
Silent, diam
Silk, sutra ; silkworm, ulat sutra
Silver, perak
Similar, sama, sa-rupa
Simple (easy), sendng, mudah
Simply (merely), sahaja, chuma
Sin, dosa
Since, deripada waktu; long since
sudah lama
Sinew, urat
Sing, nyanyi •
Singapore, Singapura, Slat
Single (sole, only), tunggal ; a single
man, sa-orang
Sink (v.), tenggalam (intrans.)
Sir, tuan
Sister, sudara perempuan, (elder)
kakaTc, (younger), adek
Sit (sit down in a chair), duduk;
please be seated, sila duduk: for
native methods of sitting see
Maxwell's Vocabulary s.v.
Size, besdr-nya (its bigness)
Skin, kulit
Skull, tengkorak
Sky, langit
Slack (loose, of ropes), kendor
Slanting, chondong
Slate (for writing on), papan loh
Slave, hamba
Sleep (n. and v.), tidor
Sleepy, mengantok
Sleeve, tangan
Slice (n.), sa-keping, sa-putung ; (v.)
hiris
Sling (n.), ali-ali
Slip, gelinchir ; slippery, lichin
Slippers, chinela
Slow, lambat
Small, kechil
Smart (v.), pedih
Smell (n.), bau, (v.) chium; (sense
of), penchium
Smile (n. and v.), sennyum
Smoke (n.), asap ; to smoke (tobacco),
minum, hisap
Smooth, lichin
Snail (land), siput darat; (sea),
unam
Snake, ular
Sneeze, bersin
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
109
Snore, dengkur
Snow, salj\ salju, thalju
Snuff, tembakau hidong
Snuffers, gunting dian
So (in this manner), bagini, bagitu ;
(accordingly), sebdb itu; so many,
so much, sa-kian
So-and-so, sianu (Mr. So-and-so)
Soap, sabun
Sofa, kauchi, krusi panjang
Soft, lembek, lembut
Soldier, soldado
Sole (of foot), tapak
Some, sedikit; some one, barang sa-
orang ; sometimes, ada kala,
kadang - kadang ; something, sa-
barang
Son, anak laki-laki
Soon, lekds, sabentar lagi; as soon as,
serta, sa-teldh
Soot, arang para
Sore (ulcer), puru ; (adj.) sakit, pedih
Sorrow, duka
Sorry for, to be, sayang
Sort (kind), jenis, macham; what
sort? apa macham; of all sorts,
anika-anika, berbageibagei
Soul, jvwa, semangat
Sound (n.), bunyi
Soup, sup
Sour, masam, asam
South, selatan ; south-east, tanggara ;
south-west, barat daya
Sow (animal), babi betina; to sow
(seed), tabur
Space, tampat
Spacious, luas, lebar
Spade, penggali
Spain, negri Spanyol ; Spaniard,
orang Spanyol
Spark, bunga api
Sparrow, pipit
Speak, chakajJ, tutur : see Maxwell,
p. 121
Spear (light), lembing, (heavy) tombak
Spectacles, chermin mata
Spell (magic), lazimat; (v.) eja, heja
Spend, blanjakan
Spices, rampak-rampak
Spider, laba-laba; spider's web,
sarang laba-laba
Spill, tumpah
Spinach, bayam
Spine, tulang blakang
Spirit (soul), jiwa, semangat ; spirits
(alcohol), (arak} ayer kras
Spit (v.), ludah; spittoon, tampat
ludah
Split (v. ), beldh, blah
Spoil (v.), rosak
Sponge, lumut {bunga) karang, span
Spoon, sendok, sudu
Spread (trans.), hampar, bentang
(carpet, cloth) ; (intrans.) jangkit
(as fire, disease)
Spring (season), rebia, spring; (of
water, mata ayer; (v.), lumpat
(leap)
Sprinkle, perchek, rechek, renjis
Spur, pachu
Spurious, lanchong, falsu {palsu)
Spy (n.), sulu
Square (four-sided), ampat persagi;
(public place), meidan
Squinting, juling
Squirrel, tupei
Stab (v.), tilcam
Stable (for horses), bangsal kuda;
(stall, for cattle and sheep),
kandang
Stag, rusa
Stairs, tangga ; to go upstairs, naik
tangga ; downstairs, di-baiuah ; up-
stairs, di-atas
Stake (post), panchang; to wager,
bertaruh tikam
Stale (mouldy), basi, (bad, of food),
busuk
Stalk (of flowers or fruit), tangkei
Stammer, gagap
Stamp (postage), stamp
Stand (v.), berdiri
Star, bintang
Starboard, kanan
Starch, kanji
Start (set out), berangkat ; (in alarm),
kejut
Starve, mati lapar
State (condition of life, rank),
pangkat; (of affairs), hal ahwal;
(grandeur), kabesaran ; (kingdom),
karaja-an
Station (rank), pangkat; (railway),
station kreta api, per sing go.han
Stay (live), tinggal; (wait), nanti
Steal, churi
Steam, huap, uwap ; steamboat,
kapal api
Steel, baja
Steep (adj.), churam
Steer (intrans.), pagang kamudi
steersman, juru mudi
110
MALAY MANUAL
Step (of ladder, stairs), anak tangga;
(pace), langkah (n. and v.)
Stern (of ship), buritan
Stick (n.), tongkat (walking stick) ;
(v.) lekdt (adhere) ; sangkut (of a
boat)
Sting (n. and v.), singat
Stink (n.), bau busuk
Stockings, sarong kakl
Stomach, perut, prut ; stomach-ache,
sakit prut
Stone, batu
Stool, bangku
Stop (intrans.), berhenti ; (trans.),
tegdh (prevent), larang (forbid)
Store (shop), gedong
Storey (of house), tingkat; upper
storey, loteng
Stork, bangau
Storm, ribut
Story (tale), cheritra
Stove, dapur
Straight, trus, lurus
Strain (v.), tapis ; strainer, tapisan
Strait (sea), seldt
Strange, pelik
Stranger, orang asing, orang dagang
Straw, jerami
Stream (river), sungei, (current),
harus
Street, jalan> leboh
Strength, kuwat
Strike, pukul : see Maxwell, p. 121
String, tali
Strong, kuwat; (of tea and the like),
kras; (wind), kinchang
Study (v.), blajar
Style (manner), chara
Subject (matter), perkara; (citizen),
ra lyah
Substitute, ganti
Suburbs, kampong luar kota (quarter
outside the fort)
Succeed (take the place of another),
gantikan; (prosper), beruntong
Such, sa-rupa, sa-macham : such as
this, sa-macham ini
Suddenly, tiba - tiba, sa - kunyong -
kunyong
Suet, lemdk
Sufficient, chukup
Sugar, gula; moist sugar, gula pasir
Suicide, bunuh diri
Suit (of clothes), pakeian sa-lengkap
(law), da 'iva; to suit, jadi, paint
pada
Sulphur, balerang
Sumatra, pulau Percha
Summer, musim panas
Summit, punchak, kamunchak
Sun, mata hari; sunrise, mata hari
terbit; sunset, mata hari masuk
Supercargo, chinchu
Supper, maka>i malam
Suppose, Jikir, sangka, (imagine a
thi ng) , sangkakan
Sure (certain), tantu
Surf, pechahan ombak
Surprised, to be, heiran
Surround, kepong
Swallow (bird), layang-layang ; to
swallow, teldn
Swamp, pay a
Swear, sumpah
Sweat, pe.luh
Sweep (v.), sapu, gosok
Sweet, mauls ; sweetmeats, manisan
Swell (waves), alun
Swelling (n.), swollen, bengkak
Swim, rendng, bernang
Swing (n.), ayunan ; (v.) ayun
Sword, peddng, golok
Syphilis, sakit perampuan
Syria, negri Sham
Syrup, ayer gula
Table, meja; table-cloth, kain meja;
to lay the table, taruhmeja; clear
the table, angkat meja; wait at
» table, jaga meja
Tack (v.), berpalpal (of ships)
Tail, ekor, ikor
Tailor, tukang jahit
Take, ambll ; take away, bawa pergi ;
take care, jaga baik-baik ; take off
(clothes, hat), buka, tanggal
Tall, tinggi
Tallow, lemdk; tallow candle, dian
lemdk
Tamarind, asam jawa
Tame, jinak
Tanner, tukang samak
Tar, minyak tar
Taste (n. and v.), rasa; (sense of),
perrasa lidah
Tax, chukei
Tea, teh; (leaf), daun teh; (beverage),
ayer teh, teh; tea-cup, mangkok
teh; tea-pot, tampat teh
Teach, ajar
Teacher, pengajar} guru
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
111
Tear (n.), ayer mata ; (v.) koyak,
charek
Telegram, surat taligrap, kawat
(wire) : to send a telegram, pukul
taligrap, pukul kawat
Telescope, tropong
Tell (inform), bilang, khabarkan, bri
tahu
Temples (forehead), pelipis
Tenant, yang menyewa
Tender (of meat), lembut
Tepid, sudm
Test, uji
Testicles, buahpelir
Than, deri, deripada : I am taller
than you, sahya lebih tinggi deri
tuan
Thank, trivia kasih
That, those, itu
The : see Grammar
Theatre, rumah wayang
Their, diapunya
Then (at that time), tatkala .itu,
ivaktu itu; (afterwards), kemdian
Thence, deri sana, deri situ
There, di sana, di situ
Therefore, sebdb itu
Thereupon, sa-teldh
They, them, dia orang
Thick (not thin), tebdl; (of fluids),
kental, pekdt; (muddy), kroh
Thief, penchuri
Thigh, paha
Thimble, didal, sarong jari
Thin (not thick), nipis ; (lean), kurus ;
(of fluids), cha'ir
Thing, barang
Think (meditate), fikir, pikir; (sup-
pose), kira, saagka
Thirst, thirsty, haus
This, these, ini
Thorn, duri
Though, sungguh-pun
Thought, fikir an
Thread, bendng
Threshold, bandul pintu
Throat (outside), leher ; (windpipe),
krongkong
Throne, takhta, singgahsana
Through, trus
Throw, lempart lontar ; throw away,
buang ; see Maxwell, p. 121
Thumb, ibujari
Thunder, gunturt guruh
Thus, bag ini
Ticket, ticket
Tide, Iiarus; ebb-tide, ayer surut ;
flood-tide, ayer pasang
Tie (v.), ikat; tie up (animals, boats),
tambat
Tiger, hariinau
Tight (of anything tied), terek; (tight-
ntting), ketdt
Tile (for roofing), ginting ; (flooring)
batu rubin
Till (until), sampei; till now, sampei
sekarang
Time, waktu, ?iiasa, kala, tempo;
what's the time ? pukul brapa ;
I have no time, sahya tiada senang
Tin, timah, tin
Tinder (touchwood), rabok
Tip (of the tongue), hujong lidah ;
finger-tip, hujong jari
Tired, leldh, peudt
To, pada, sama; (with motion), ka
Toad, katakpuru
Toast, rod panggang
Tobacco, teinbakau ; (for smoking),
tembakau menghisap
To-day, hari ini
Toe, jari kaki; great toe, ibu kaki ;
little toe, klingking kaki
Together with, sama-sama, serta
Tomb, kubur
To-morrow, esok, besok; day after
to-morrow, lusa
Tongs, penyepit. sepit api
Tongue, lidah
Too (excessively), terlalu, terlampau;
(also), lagi, juga
Tools, perkakas
Tooth, gigi; tooth-ache, sakit gigi;
tooth-brush, sikat gigi, brus gigi;
tooth-pick, chungkil gigi; tooth-
powder, abu gigi
Top (of hills, nouses), kamunchak ;
(lid), tutupan; (toy), gasing
Torch, damar
Torn, koyak
Tortoise, kura-kura; tortoise-shell,
sisek penyu
Total, jumlah
Touch (v. ), jabat, jamah
Tough (of meat), kras
Tow (v.), tunda
Towards, sa-blah, arah
Towel, tuala, sapu tangan
Town, negri; town - hall, rumah
bichara, balei ruang
Trace (impression), bekds ; traces
(harness), jut
112
MALAY MANUAL
Trade (v.), bernyaga
Train (railway), tren
Tram, kreta api
Translate, satin
Trap (generally), perangkap
Travel (v.), berjalan
Tray, (wooden) dulang ; (of metal
and larger), talam
Treaty, perjanjian, triti
Tree, pokok, pohon
Trial (law), bichara
Tribe, bangsa, suku
Trouble (distress), kasusahan ; diffi-
culty), kasukaran ; to trouble,
Trousers, seluar, chelana
True, bendr, betid, sungguh
Trumpet, nafiri
Trunk (box), peti, kopper; (of tree),
batang ; (of elephant), belalei
Trust (have confidence in), perchaya
akan
Try, choba
Tub, tong
Tumbler, glas besdr (large glass)
Turkey, hayam Blanda
Turn (n.) gilir ; in turn, alternately,
bergilir, berganti-ganti ; to turn
round (intrans.), pusing, (trans.),
pusingkan ; turn over (intrans.),
batik, (trans.), balikkan ; turn up-
side down, balikkan
Turtle, penyu, katung
Tusk (elephant's), gading
Twig, ranting
Twilight, senjakala
Twine, tali kechil
Twist (v.),pulas
Ugly, kurang bagus,jelek (vulg.)
Umbrella, payong
i Unable, tiada bulih
Unbutton, membuka
Uncertain, tidak tantu
Uncle (paternal), bapa sudara,
(maternal), inarm sudara
Under, bawah ; underneath, di-bawah
Underdone (of meat), kurang masak
Understand, mengarti
Undress, buka pakeian, tanggal
pakeian
Unequal, ta' sama
Unexpectedly, sa-kunyong-kunyong
Universe, 'alam, bumi dan langit
Unjust, tiada betid, tiada ladil
Unless, hanya, melainkan
Unload (cargo), punggah
Unpack, bungkar
Unripe, muda
Until, hingga, sampei ; until now,
sampei sekarang
Up, atas; upon, di-atas ; up to,
sampei
Upas-tree, ipoh
Upright, berdiri
Upset (v.), balikkan (trans.)
Upsidedown, terbalik
Upstairs, di-atas, loteng
Urinate, buang ayer kechil, kinching
Use, guna; useful, berguna ; useless,
ta' guna; what is the use? apa
guna ; to use, pakei
Usually, sediakala
Vaccinate, tanam chachar
Vain, kachak; in vain, sia-sia, chuma
Valley, lembah
Valuable, berharga
Value (n.), harga; (v.) nilei (make a
valuation of), indah-kan (think
highly of)
Variegated, berwarna
Various, berjenisjenis, berbageibagei,
macham macham
Vary (intrans.), ubah, (trans.), ubah-
kan
Veal, daging anak lembu
Vegetables, sayur
Vein, urat darah
Velvet, baldu, bludu
Verandah, weranda, branda
Very, terlalu, sakali, sangat; very
many, tedebih banyak ; very well!
baik-lah
Vest, baju dalam
Victory, jaya, kamenangan
Victuals, makanan, rezeki
Village, dusun, kampong
Vine, anggor
Vinegar, chuka
Visit (v.), lawat; visiting-card, surat
melawat
Voice, suara
Volcano, gunong berapi
Volume, jilid
Vomit, muntah
i The negative prefix un- may generally be rendered by tidak, tiada, ta\
ENGLISH-MALAY VOCABULARY
113
Voyage, pelayaran
Vulgar, hina
Vulture, burong nasar
Wages, gaji, upah
Waist, pinggang
Wait, nanti ; wait for, nantikan;
wait a little, nanti sebantar
Wake (intrans.), bangun; (trans.),
bangunkan
Walk (v.),jalan, (go on foot), berjalan
kaki; go for a walk, makan angin,
ambit angin; (gait), prijalan
Walking-stick, tongkat
Wall (inside a house), dinding, (out-
side), tembok
Want (deficiency), kakurangan; to
want (desire), hendak, man
War, perdng
Wardrobe, almari
Warehouse, ged&ng
Warm (naturally), panas, (arti-
ficially), hangat
Was, ada (very frequently omitted)
Wash, chuchi, basoh ; washer-man,
tukang chuchi, dobi, binara, tukang
minatu (Batavia) ; wash - hand
basin, pasu chuchi muka; wash-
stand meja chuchi muka
Wasp, krawei, tabuan
Waste (v.), buang wang (money) ;
wasteful, Mirus
Watch (n.), orloji, jam ; watch-chain,
rantei orloji; watch-key, kunchi
orloji ; watchmaker, tukang jam;
to watch, jaga
Water, ayer; water-bottle, botol ayer;
fresh (not salt) water, ayer tawar ;
salt water, ayer masin ; mineral
water, ayer Blanda ; soda-water,
ayer soda
Watercloset, jamban, perlindongan
Waterfall, ayer terjun
Water-melon, tembikei
Waterpot, buyong
Waterspout, puting bliong
Wave (n.) ombak, gelombang
(breakers) ; (v.) lambei
Wax, lilin; sealing-wax, lak
Way, jalan
We, us, kita kami
Weak, lemdh
Weapon, senjata
Wear (clothes), pakei
Weather, musim ; fine weather,
chuacha
Weather- cock, tanda angin
Weave, tentin
Week, minggo, tuju hari
Weep, tangis
Weigh (v.), timbang; how much does
it weigh ? brapa bratnya ; to weigh
anchor, bungkar sauh
Weights (for scales), buah timbangan
Welcome (n.), slamat datang ; (v.),
bri slamat
Well (n.), telaga, prigi ; (adj.) baik ;
are you well ? tuan ada baik
Well-done (meat), masak
West, barat; north-west, barat laut;
south-west, barat daya
Wet, basah
Whale, paus
Wharf, jambatan
What? apa ; what for? apa sebdb ;
whatever, barang apa, barang yang,
mana mana yang
Wheat, gandum, trigu
Wheel, roda
When ? when, bila
Whence ? deri mana
Whenever, mana kala, barang bila
Where, mana, dimana
Wherefore ? sebab apa
Wherever, mana-mana, barang di-
mana
Whet (sharpen) asah; whetstone,
batu asah
Whether, kalau
Which, yang, which ? yang mana
Whichever, barang mana, yang
mana; whichever you like, mana
suka
While, seddng ; (as long as), sa-lama
Whip, chabuk, chamti
Whiskers, chambang
Whisper (v.), bisek
Whistle (v.), did
White, putih
Whither? ka-mana
Who, whom, yang, who? whom?
siapa; whoever, barang siapa,
barang sa-orang
Whole, sa~gendp, samua-nya (all of
it) ; (total), jumlah
Wholesale (of trade), borong
Whose? siapa puny a
Why ? apa sebdb, mengapa
Wick, sumbu
Wicked, jahat
Wide (broad), lebdr ; (roomy), luas
Wife, bini, istri
114
MALAY MANUAL
Wild (not tame), liyar
Will (n.), kahendak (desire), wasiat
(testament) ; (v.) maw, (intend),
nanti (sign of future : see Grammar).
suka (be willing to, like to)
Win (victory) meriting; (money),
laba
Wind, angin; windward, di - atas
angin; to wind, lengkar ; wind up
a watch, kunchikan
Window, jindela, tingkap (of native
houses)
Wine, anggor
Wing, sayap
Winter, musim dingin
Wipe, sapu, menyapu
Wire, kawat, dawei
Wisdom (learning). Hlmu; (sense)5
*akal
Wish (v.) hendak, mau; (n.) ka-
hendak
With, dengan, sama, serta
Wither, layu
Within, di-dalam
Without, di-luar; (not with), tiada
dengan
Witness, saksi
Wolf, gurg
Woman, perampuan
Wonder (v.), heir an
Wonderful, heiran, iajaib
Wood (timber), kayu ; (forest), hutan
Wool, bulu biri-biri
Word ,perkata-an
Work (n.), kerja ; (v. ), bekerja ; work-
man, tukang
World (the inhabited world), dunya;
(universe) bumi dan langit
Worm, ulat, hulati chaching
Worn out, burok
Worse, kurang baik ; worst, terlalu
ta' baik
Worship (n. and v.), sembahyang
Worth (value), harga
Wound (n.) luka; (v.) lukakan
Wring (linen), prahkan
Wrinkles, kerut
Wrist, buku tangan
Write, tulit, tulis surat (write a
letter), which is more idiomatic:
see Eat
Wrong, salah
Yam, ubi kladi
Year, tahun ; new year, tahun
baharu ; this year, tahun ini; last
year, tahun lalu, d'hulu ; next year,
tahun yang datang ; for a year, sa-
tahun lanmnya
Yellow, kuning
Yes, ya
Yesterday, kelmarin; day before
yesterday, kehrmrin dahulu
Yet : "no word in Malay properly
expresses the English yet : has he
come yet? is rendered sudah tiba-
kah belum i.e. has he arrived or not
yet ? In the sense of however it
may be rendered by tetapi (but) " 1
You, tuan, angkau
Young, muda
Your, tuan punya preceding or tuan
alone after the noun ; is this yours ?
tuan punya-ka ini ?
Zinc, timah sari
1 F. Swettenham, Malay Vocabulary t s.v.
Printed at The Edinburgh Press, 9 and 11 Young Street.
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