Tenison-Woods
Malaysian land and freshwater Mollusca
Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library
MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCAY
% \ uc Mi 1
By rue Rey. J. E: Tentson-Woons, F.G.S., F.L.S., Hon. Men.
bd]
Roy. As. Soc. (Straits Brancn).
‘al’
(PLATES XXVII.-XXX.).
DEFINITION OF THE ReEGIoN.—The species included in the
following list are those indigenous to the Malay Peninsula in the
states south of Keddah and the Indian Archipelago, exclusive of
New Guinea. With the exception of the arbitrary line dividing
the Malay Peninsula, the limits of this region form a province in
natural history in the molluscan sub-kingdom. The reason for
excluding New Guinea is that its fauna seems to belong more to
the Pacific and Australian regions. The Philippine Islands are
not included, because they form of themselves a peculiar province
with very marked features, entitling them to separate considera-
tion.
The physical geography of the Malaysian region is another
reason for considering its pulmonate mollusca separately. The
region consists of an immense number of islands of varying sizes,
from mere barren granite rocks to continental islands like Sumatra
and Borneo. All those that are of any size are densely clothed
with vegetation. The climate is very hot, moist, and varies but
little. Granite is the prevailing rock, with overlying paleozoic
strata and a few outliers of Devonian limestone. There are also
in Borneo and Sumatra rather extensive developments of carbon-
aceous sandstone and a few patches of tertiary limestone. The
south-east portion of the region is made up exclusively of modern
volcanic rocks.
It is known that climate, vegetation, and soil have all powerful
influences in the development of the land mollusca, which live on
decayed leaves and vegetation, flourishing best amid moisture and
1004 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
heat. All these conditions are found pre-eminently in the region
T have specified, and perhaps in no country of the world are they
more favourably united for the development of terrestrial mollusea.
Soil also has a remarkable influence. Some species prefer
granite formations; but the predilection of land mollusca for
limestone rocks is very striking. In the Malay Peninsula there is
quite a number of small isolated limestone outliers in the form of
hills and table-lands, mostly of a precipitous character. These are
all distinguished by an abundance of genera and species of land-
shells. The restricted habitat of some is most remarkable, and
each patch of limestone seems to have its own species. It has
been remarked by various naturalists how few means of dispersal
the land-shells have, and thus it is that we find each ‘island with
its own fauna, no matter how small it is. Some of these species
are peculiar and exceptional types. It must be admitted, how-
ever, that some types are very wide-spread, such for instance, as
the forms of which Helix citrina L., and Bulimus perversus L., are
the types.
It is highly probable that we have in the Malay Peninsula
and its islands the remains of a very ancient continent. None
of the younger formations have any place except in Sumatra and
Borneo. At any rate there are no rocks which would justify the
supposition that the region has been completely submerged within
modern geological times. For these reasons, therefore, we have in
the molluscan sub-kingdom a fauna of great antiquity. The
circumstances also favour the restriction of species, because the
land is so broken up into islands. Thus specific peculiarities
become propagated and restricted. It may be said, in keeping
with this, that though the species or varieties of the region are
very numerous, yet the types are comparatively few. I take here
the opportunity of noting that though I give a list of all the
species enumerated by various authors known to me, I am very
far from endorsing their views as to the value of the specific
distinctions in any case. Probably the number of species, and
even the genera, will admit of extensive reduction hereafter. In
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1005
looking through a large collection with every gradation of shape
and colour between one species and another, one cannot help being
struck with the slender evidence on which some species rest. One
is inclined to say that the species are comparatively few, but the
variations are great in extent and endless in number.
Nevertheless, there are certain peculiar genera which stamp a
character on the region, besides certain abnormal species. The
facies of the region is Indian. All traces of African influences
have disappeared. There is no Achatina, few Pupas, whilst
Cyclostoma is beginning to take a subordinate place. Amongst
the Cyclophoridz we find peculiar though wide-spread types ; and
amongst the Helicidee unmistakable uniformity. The individuals
have all marked characters, so that a small amount of experience
suffices to enable us to tell at a glance whether any individual
shell is a member of the Malayan fauna.
There are in the region we are dealing with about 380 known
species or varieties of land-shells divisible into the following
genera :—Streptaxis, Ennea, Vitrina, Helicarion, Nanina, Trocho-
nanina, Hyalinia, Trochomorpha, Patula, Helix, Cochlostyla,
Bulimus, Bulimina, Stenogyra, Rhodina, Glessula, Pupa, Hypse-
lostoma, Clausilia, Cyclotus, Opisthoporus, Pterocyclos, Spiraculum,
Cyclophorus, Leptopoma, Alyceus, Diplommatina, Opisthostoma,
Pupina, Megalomastoma, Hybocystis, Georissa. Of these the dominant
genera are Vanina, Helix, Cyclophorus, Bulimus, and Clausilia.
And this is the case in the Indian fauna. There is in fact the
strongest resemblance between the relative proportion of certain
genera in the two provinces; the difference being the complete
disappearnce from the Malayan Peninsula of Achatina and some
other African genera. The large predominance of forms of Helix
resembles India almost to the very number of species. The peculiar
form of Vitrina distinguished as Vanina, but with slender claims
to a generic position, is a feature shared by Ceylon, and to some
extent by the Philippine Islands. Manina is a thin, depressed,
umbilicated shell, with a keel at the periphery, highly polished and
with a tendency to bi-partite colouring.
1006 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Some of the peculiar genera of this region have extraordinary
organs which are not seen elsewhere. Thus Opisthoporus is a
depressed shell furnished with a little open tube behind the mouth.
Pterocyclos has an almost similar tube formed by a notch in the
peristome at its junction with the superior whorl, an arrangement
which is slightly modified in an allied genus named Spiraculum.
Alyceus has the last whorl swollen, constricted and strongly
twisted near the mouth. All these species have peculiar opercula
composed of a calcareous spiral series of concentric plates. In
the family Pupinine there are the strongest modifications of the
last whorl which becomes twisted and constricted in the most
erratic manner. In Opisthostoma it is elevated vertically in the
air like an elephant’s trunk. In Hybocystis we have a very
peculiar torm of land-shell, of which a full description is given
at the end of the list. It isan approach to Megalomastoma, and
may be said to be confined to Burmah and the Malay Peninsula.
As the limits of the region here dealt with are so little explored,
no such things as sub-provinces can be made, unless it be in the
way of considering each island a sub-province in itself. It is
obvious to any one who considers the size and extent of any of the
islands, that only a very small portion of them can have been
well explored for their molluscan fauna. The total number of
known species or varieties, amounting as it does to scarcely
400, can only be considered as an instalment of the actual census.
The large island of Borneo alone might be expected to furnish
such a number, when we remember how the climate, soil, and
vegetation of this region favour the development of the molluscan
fauna. Yet the species of Borneo can scarcely be said to be known
at all.
In dealing with the genera and species of the various authors,
it has already been stated that the specific or generic value in any
individual case is a matter for which the authors themselves are
alone responsible. Yet it must be borne in mind that the diffi-
culty of dealing with some of the larger genera renders sub-division
of some kind absolutely necessary. Thus in the immense genus
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1007
Helix it is no use to catalogue species without adopting sectiona]
divisions, which has been done in the present list. It must
be admitted that they are not easy to identify, as the features
are so feeble, and there is so little to go upon. Still the sections
may be of some assistance, and they are meant to have no higher
value in classification.
With the genera it is different, and except in such a case as
Nanina the divisions are well marked, and can hardly be mistaken
one for another. In the smaller genera the features are very
pronounced, that is genera small in point of numbers, not of size.
T believe it may further be said that all the species of the genera
Trochomorpha, Bulimus, Cyclotus, Cyclophorus and Alyceus,
though perhaps not well distinguished from one another, are
referable to a type which has certain well-defined geographical
limits. With a little experience a species of Cyclophorus, for
instance from the Malayan Peninsula, could be easily recognized
as belonging to the region; but it would require a prolonged
familiarity to distinguish between the characteristic types of the
various islands, as for instance Java and Sumatra. The Bornean
shells are easily recognized, though there are strong resemblances to
the types of the Philippine Islands.
Amongst the shells enumerated there is no foreign element. No
molluscan animals, as far as it is known, have been introduced
from foreign regions, and become naturalized in the region now
described ; but the large introduction of European and Chinese
plants will alter this state of things before long, if it has not done
so already.
The following list has been taken from various sources. No
special study has ever been made of the land mollusca of the
Malayan Archipelago. But owing to the labours of Pfeiffer and
Albers, the task of compiling this list has been very much
facilitated. 'The whole references in the case of every species
have not been given. As far as possible the references are made
to three or four of the most easily accessible works, where more
than one author has given a description. The work of Pfeiffer
64
1008 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
(“Monographia Heliceorum Viventium,” 8 vols.), is taken as the
standard, but corrected according to his most recent determina-
tions of species before his decease as contained in ‘“‘ Nomenclator
Heliceorum Viventium.” These works with his ‘ Monographia
Pneumonopomorum Viventium,” may be said to contain nearly all
that has been done in this department of natural science. Al that
one requires in addition are the essays of Nevill, Benson, De
Morgan, von Mollendorff and Hungerford, and these are princi-
pally contained in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,
Calcutta branch.
To facilitate reference, a catalogue of works, mentioning species
quoted in the list, is given. It is not by any means intended as
an exhaustive bibliography of the subject, but it is hoped that no
author is omitted who has described any Malayan land shell. It
may be necessary to add that I have not been able to verify the
references of every species, which of course would impose a vast
amount of labour, and enormously increase the time required for
the preparation of the catalogue. But in a great many instances,
perhaps the majority, I have consulted the original authors espe-
cially in the case of the older conchologists.
It should be mentioned that Pfeiffer’s nomenclature of the
families has been adopted, following also his orthography.
LAND MOLLUSCA.
Family STREPTAXID.
1. StrepTaxis, Gray, 1837, Loudon’s Magazine, n.s. I. p. 484.
Shell oval or oblong, in the young state sub-hemispherical,
deeply umbilicate, irregular and oblique from the lower whorls
which rapidly increase in size, receding from the axis of the upper.
Near the close of the penultimate whorl the umbilicus is compressed
by a return to the original axis.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1009
Animal heliciform and like the genus Anostoma.
Mr. Gray established this genus for species manifesting a twist
in the axis, or an irregular deviation in the disposition of the
whorls, causing an unsymmetrical spiral. He divides them into
many groups amongst which he includes a species of Pupa.
STREPTAXIS CONOIDEUS, Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 329.
Keddah State, Malay Peninsula.
S. PLUSSENSIS, De Morgan, Le Naturaliste, VII. 1885, No. 9,
p. 68; von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV. 1886, p. 299.
Mt. Chekel, River Plus, Perak, Malay Peninsula,
S. MicHavl (ENNEA), Crosse and Fischer, Jour. Conch. 1863,
pl. 10, fig. 4, p. 357.
Pulo Condor, Gulf of Siam, between east side of Malay Penin-
sula and Cambodia.
S. BULBULUS (ENNEA), Morelet, Jour. Conch. 1863, pl. 10,
fig. 3.
Pulo Condor.
2. ENNEA, H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. II. p. 171.
Shell slightly rimate, sub-cylindrical; apex obtuse, smooth,
shining, hyaline; whorls flattened, the last narrow, sulcated ex-
ternally in the middle, lamellate within, with a strong plait
parallel to the columella; aperture sub-circular ; parietal lamella
extending inwards and situated close to the right margin ;_peri-
stome expanded, the right margin flexuous, thickened in the
middle,
ENNEA PERAKENSIS, Godwin-Austen and Nevill, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1879, p. 735, pl. 59, fig. 2; von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.
lic. p. 300.
Bukit Pondok, Gapis Pass, Perak.
(N.B.—This is one of the places referred to where Bukit
Pondok is spelled Buket Pondong).
1010 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
E. HUNGERFORDIANA, von Mdll. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 1.c.
p. 301.
Bukit Pondok, Perak.
Family VITRINEA.
3. Virrina, Draparnaud, 1801. Tabl. pp. 33, 98.
Shell dextral, depressed or sub-globose, very thin, pellucid, with
a very large last whorl ; no umbilicus, columella spiral ; aperture
large, oblique semi-lunar, without teeth ; peristome thin, acute,
not continuous.
Animal long, like a slug, and too large for the shell, tail very
short ; mantle reflected over the shell-margin with posterior right
lobe ; radula 100 rows of 75; marginal teeth with a single long
curved apex.
VITRINA NUCLEOLA, Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XL. pl. 4,
fig. 12; Pfr. Nomencl. Hel. Viv. p. 28, No. 45.
Penang ; Prince of Wales Island ; Straits of Malacca.
4. HELICARION, Férussac, (1821), Tabl. Syst. des Animaux Mol-
lusques, p. XX XJ. and Voy. de Freycinet.
Shell heliciform, round oval, thin, fragile, covered with a very
thin periostraca, spire short, whorls few, the last much enlarged,
oblong triangular ; peristome simple, acute.
Animal like Vitrina, but the foot is truncate at its posterior
extremity, with a caudal gland like Arion.
HELICARION PERMOLLIS, Stol. (as Vitrina) Jour. As. Soc.
Beng. XLII. pl. 1, fig. 11. = Vitrina permollis, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
VILE. -p. 10:
Penang.
H. BorNEENSIS (VitRiNA), Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 793; Nov.
Conch. I. pl. 28, figs. 10-12.
Borneo.
BY THE REV, J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1011
A specimen of this shell was seen by me in the collection ‘at
Government House, Labuan, but no locality noted.
H. 1pm (Virrina), Pfr. Mon. Hel. TV. p. 793; Nov. Conch.
I. pl. 28, figs. 13-15.
Jelebes.
“One of Pfeiffer’s figures shows a narrow orange-brown band,
which is not mentioned in the description.” Tryon, Man. Conch,
I. p. 178. Collected in Celebes by Ida Pfeiffer, the celebrated
female traveller. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 325.
H, CELEBENSIS (ViTrina), Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 325 ;
Nov. Conch. I. p. 101, No. 172, pl. 28, figs. 16-18.
Also collected in Celebes by Madame Ida Pfeiffer ; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. IV. p. 793, where the author doubts whether the species
should not be referred to the genus Helix.
H. SUTURALIS, von Martens (HELIcARION), Ostas. Zool. IT.
ISG ip. Ss aple dae, 2); pl. 5, fig. 9, a, b; ¢2 Pir. Mon!
Hel. V. p. 17 (Vitrina).
Island of Buru, Moluccas.
Sub-globose, very plainly striate at the suture ; yellowish-green,
with an opaque white zone.
H. LINEOLATUS, von Mart. op. cit. p. 184, pl. 12, fig. 4; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. V.p. 17, No. 56.
Java; Sumatra.
H. sERICEUS, von Mart. op. cit. p. 185, pl. 12, fig. 1;
(Vitrina), Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 18.
Island of Timor.
H. ALBELLUS, von Mart. op. cit. p. 186.= Helix wonosariensis,
Mousson, in coll. Vitrina albella, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 18.
Eastern Java, Wonosari. I collected a specimen on the lower
slopes of Mount Tengger.
1012 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Family VITRINOIDEA.
5. Nanna, Gray, 1834; Pfr. Sym. I. p. 5, No. 3.
Shell heliciform, perforated, dextral or sinistral, somewhat
depressed, thin, polished, particularly below ; periphery round or
keeled, inner lip short, reflected, often covering the umbilicus ;
outer lip simple or scarcely reflected.
Animal with two mantle-lobes covering part of front of shell ;.
foot long, narrow, truncate behind, with a pore like a slit, some-
times with a projection like a horn ; mantle-lobes with power to
expand and retract laterally. Over 500 species ; tropical and
sub-tropical Africa, Asia, and Oceanica.
N. viripis, Quoy and Gaimard, (as Vetrina), Voy. Astrol. IT.
p. 138, pl. 11, figs. 16-18; Lamarck, Deshayes edit. VIT. p. 730,
No. 7; H. Beck, Index IT. p. 4;= Helix viridis, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
I. p. 82.
Island of Celebes in the mountains near Menado, is the refer-
ence given by Q. and G. This part of Celebes, it will be remem-
bered, is the only active volcanic portion.
N. tow, Issel, = Hyalina (?) lowi, Issel, Moll. Born. p. 38,
pl. 5, figs. 16-18 ;= Helix lowi (Hyalina?), Pfr. Mon. Hel. VIT.
p. 523.
Sarawak, Borneo.
N. versa, Issel, (Macrochlamys), Moll. Born. p. 36, pl. 5,
figs. 1-4=Heliaw (Nanina) tersa, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 525=
Nanina tensa, Pfr. Nomencl. Hel. p. 37, No. 222a.
Borneo,
N. pertucips, Issel, (Hyalina?), Moll. Born. p. 39, pl. 5,
figs. 20-23 = Helix perlucida, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 526.
Bintulu, Sarawak, Borneo.
N. macpouca.ul, Issel, Moll. Born. p. 37, pl. 5, figs. 9-12=
Helix macdougalli, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 526.
Sarawak, Borneo.
BY THE REV. J. E, TENISON-WOODS. 1 03
N, patmicona, Stol.= Microcystis palmicola, Stol. Jour. As.
Soc. Beng. XLII. 1873, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 10= Helix palmicola,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 100.
Penang ; in cocoa-nut trees.
N. casTANEA, Miller, = Helix castanea, Mull. Hist. Verm. IT.
p- 67, No. 262 ; Chemnitz, IX. pt. 1. p. 135, pl. 131, figs. 1177-
78,=Nanina castanea, Beck, Index p. 4= Helix castanea, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. I. p. 44.
Sumatra.
N. vitettus, Shuttleworth, in Cuming’s list = Chemnitz, 2nd
edit. Helix, No. 957, pl. 145, fig. 14 =H. vitellus, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
TIT. p. 44, where it is thought possibly to be a variety of H. citrina,
L. so commonly distributed throughout the Archipelago.
This specimen was found in Amboyna by Cuming. Celebes.
N. NEMORENSIS, Mill. Hist. Verm. IT. in Index and quoted
under the same name by Chemnitz, 2nd edit. Helix, No. 183, pl. 35,
figs. 9-11 = Férussac, Hist. Nat. Moll. pr. 232, as Helicella= Helix
nemoralis, Mull. op. cit. IT. p. 62, No. 257= H. cretacea, Born,
Mus. p. 376, pl. 16, figs. 1-2; Chemnitz, IX. pt. IT. p. 119, pl. 129,
figs. 1146-47 ; newvardii, De Haan in Menke’s Synopsis = Vanina
nemorensis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 59 ; also Beck, Index,
p. 4.=Helix nemorensis, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 46.
Moluccas and New Ireland.
This shell was once to be found in all the old Museums in
Europe.
N. Brotil, Bonnet, = Helix brotiz, Bonnet, Rev. et Mag. Zool.
XVI. 1864, p. 67, pl. 5, fig. 1; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 466. Pfr.
doubts whether this specimen is really distinct from H. nemorensis,
and whether it is really indigenous to Borneo.
N. BIMAENSIS, Mousson, Moll. Java, p. 111, pl. 21, fig, l=
Hemiplecta bimaénsis, Albers, Heliceen, p. 60 = Helix bimaénsis,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 45=Nanina limaénsis, Adams, Genera,
Moll. II. p. 223.
In jungles, Bimah ; Sumbawa.
10] 4 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
N. OVIVITELLUS, Reeve, = Helia ovivitellws, Reeve, Conch. Icon.
No. 1425, pl. 202; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 22.
Amboyna.
N. watata, Mouss. Moll. Java, p. 112, pl. 21, fig. 2 = Hemzplecta
halata, Albers, Heliceen, p. 60 = Helix halata, Pfr. in Chemn. 2nd
edit. Helix, No. 929, pl. 142, figs. 9-10 ; (Vanina), Pfr. Mon. Hel-
III. p. 45.
Dompo, Java.
N. rarecuttata, Mouss. Moll. Java p. 112, pl. 21, fig. 3=
Helix rareguttata, Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p. 46.
Bimah ; Sumbawa.
N. sparsa, Mouss. Jour. Conch. VI. 1857, p. 155, pl. 6, fig. 4
= Helix sparsa (Nanina), Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 348.
Island of Bali.
N. corres, Pfr. = Helix coffea, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855,
p- 111 = Nanina (Xesta) coffea, Pfr. Versuch. p. 119 = Helix coffea,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. IY. p. 23.
Moluccas and Island of Lombok.
N. crespicnyl, Higgins,= WV. decrespignii (Xesta), Higgins,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 179, pl. 14, fig. 4 = WV. decrepignyt (Xesta ),
Paetel, Catal. p. 84= Helix crespignyi, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII.
p. 80.
Island of Labuan.
N. trocuus, Mill. = Helix trochus, Mill. Verm. II. p. 79, No.
275; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix, No. 127, pl. 21, figs. 13-14= Trochus
hortensis, Chemn. IX. pt. IT. p. 52, pl. 122, figs. 1055-56 = Manina
trochus, Beck, Index p. 4= WN. circwmdata, von Martens = var.
Helix sulphurea, Reeve = H. circumpicta, Mousson = H. colorata,
Mousson = Nanina ( Hemiplecta) circumpicta, Paetel, Catal. p. 84
= Helix trochus, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 46; IIL p. 46; VII. p. 80.
Also, Zeitschritt fiir Malak. 1851, and Chemn. Ed. Nov. Helix I.
p- 160, pl. 146, figs. 3-5.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1015
An imperforate trochiform conical shell with an obtuse vertex ;
white with a broad red band, which is wanting inside, about an
inch high and 10 lines in diameter. This shell is said in one
place to come from Macassar, and in another from the East
Indies; but it is evidently a common widespread species, well-
known to many earlier conchologists.
N. crparis, Lamarck, = Helix cidaris, Lamarck, Hist. d. animaux,
43, p. 77; Deshayes’ edit. p. 45= H. cidaris, Delessert, Rec. de
Coq. pl. 26, fig. 11 ;=Manina rapa, Beck, Index, p. 3 ;= Helix
cidaris, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 45.
Timor.
N. @uutTinosa, Metcalfe, = Helvx glutinosa, Metcalfe, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1851; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 54.
Borneo.
N. cirrina, L. = Helix citrina, L. Syst. Nat. 10th edit. p. 771 ;
12th edit. No. 679, p. 1245.
This widely distributed and well-known shell has been described
by all the ancient conchologists as far back as Lister, and, strange
to say, for a species which varies a good deal, has not many
synonyms. It is an umbilicate shell, orbicularly convex, with an
obtuse spire ; yellowish with a brown band, or with a white band
or two, or a purple band joined to a white one ; with varieties in
which the band is red, yellow, white, blackish, and even yellowish-
green. This band of colour seems to divide the shell into an upper
and lower portion. There are excellent figures of the animal
in the “ Voyage de |’ Astrolabe,” pl. 11, figs. 1-4.
It is very common through the islands of the whole Archipelago
and the Malay Peninsula.
N. coacunara, Pfr.= Helix coagulata, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1856, p. 32; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 41.
Amboyna.
N. tuctuosa, Beck, Index, p. 3 = Helix citrina, var. of Miiller,
‘Chemn. and Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 53.
1016 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
This is a common shell like the last, and is subject to similar
variations in colouring, which divide into three principal forms.
Var. A: chestnut above, white below, divided at the periphery by
a broad white band ; umbilicus, chestnut brown. This variety is
figured by Chemn. (Helix, fig. 1174). Var. B: greyish above
with a brownish median (Chemn. fig. 1175). Var. C: white with a
blackish-brown band. Regarded by some as quite distinct from
NV. citrina.
Moluccas, Malay Peninsula, &c.
N. FuLVvizoNA, Mousson, in coll.; von Martens, Ostas. Zool.
II. p. 201= Heha fulvizona, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 96.
This is a most variable shell with regard to its colouring. Ten
different varieties are enumerated by Pfr., the type approaching
somewhat to Helix citrina, L.
Celebes.
N. PARCIPILA, von Martens, in Monat. Akademie Berlin, 18th
April, 1864, p. 264 ; (Xesta) Ostas. Zool. II. p. 192, pl. 9, fig. 1 =
Helix parcipila, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 119.
Adenare Islands, Moluccas.
N. IGNESCENS, Pfr. = Helix ignescens, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861,
p. 20, pl. 2, fig. l= Vanina ignescens, Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1865, p. 406 ; (Xesta/ von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II. p. 192, pl. 9,
fig. 2 = Helix ignescens, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 98.
Batchian Island, Moluccas.
N. MONOZONALIS, Lamarck,= 1. monozalis, Pfr. Nomen. Hel.
p. 40, No. 582 = Helix monozonalis, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. 1st edit.
IV. p. 66, Desh. edit. p. 29 = Heliw unizonalis, Desh. Encycel.
Meth. pl. 462, fig. 6 = Helicelia unizonalis, Fér. pr. 241, Hist.
pl. 91, fig. 4 = Nanina monozonalis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834,
p. 59 = Zonites uwnizonalis, Swainson, Malac. p. 331 = Helix
monozonalis, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 72.
Swainson regards this shell as a mere variety of JV. citrina.
Amboyna.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1017
N. OBLIQUATA, Reeve,= Helix obliquata, Reeve, Conch. Icon.
pl. 74, sp. 384 =H. cetrima, var. Chemn. 2nd edit. pl. 24, figs. 1-2 ;
= Nanina teysmanni, Mousson, in coll. = N. obliquata, von Mart.
Ostas. Zool. Il. p. 235 = Helix obliquata, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V.
Pena:
Sumatra ; Borneo. ?
N. NANINOIDES, Benson, = Helix naninoides, Benson, Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1X. 1842, p. 486; Phil. Tcon. IT. 9, p. 2, pl. 6,
fig. 3; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix, No. 158, pl. 25, figs. 7-8; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. I. p. 70.
This species varies in having distinct concentric striz or being
without them. Colour brownish or nearly white ; periphery more
or less distinctly keeled.
Singapore ; Chusan.
N. umprimarra, Leguillou,= Aelia umbilicaria, Leguillou,
Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 137; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix, No, 63, pl. 11,
figs. 14-15; Pfr. Mon. Hel. [. p. 64, V. p. 123.
Differs from the following in being a more solid shell, opaque,
and smoother.
Sumatra ; Banka; Java.
N. peserazil, Homb. et Jacy. = Helix desgrazii, Homb. et
Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. V. p. 12, pl. 5, figs. 4-6; Pfr.
Mon. Hei. IV. p, 42.
Sumatra.
N. savanica, Lamarck, = Helix javanica, Lamarck, 1st edit.
p. 76; 2nd edit. p. 45; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix, No. 62, pl. 11,
figs, 12-13 = Helicella javanensis, Fér. pr. 234; Hist. pl. 92,
fig. 2 = Nanina javanensis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 59 =
NV. javana, Beck, Index, p. 4 — Helix javanica, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. I. p. 64.
Very close to Vanina naninoides.
Java.
1018 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
N. inputa, Pfr. = Helia induta, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845,
p. 128; Mon. Hel. I. p. 79 = Nanina induta, Gray =X.
bataviana [junior (?)], von Martens.
Java.
N. convotuta, Deshayes, = Helix convoluta, Deshayes, Fer.
Hist. I. p. 401. No. 255 bis, pl. 87, fig. 2; Pfr. Mon. Hel. ITT.
p. 48 = Nanina convoluta, Gray.
Sumatra.
N. curreri, H. Adams, = Macrochlamys cutteri, H. Adams,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 794, pl. 48, fig. 21 — Hehka cutters,
(Macrochlamys), Pir. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 80.
Busan, near Sarawak, Borneo.
N. avReEA, von Martens, = WV. (Orobia) aurea, v. Mart. Mon-
atsber. Berl. Ak. Ap. 18th, 1864, p. 266 ; Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 243,
pl. 12, fig. 12; Pfr..Mon. Hel. V. p. 67.
Kepahiang, Sumatra.
N. consun, Pfr. = Helia consul, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p. 289; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Helix, No. 1395, pl. 198 = Vanina
(Xesta) consul, Pfr. Vers. p 120 = Helix consul, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. IV. p. 44.
Sarawak, Borneo.
N. CINNAMOMEA, Valenc. = Helix cinnamomea, Valence.
Museum, Paris; Reeve, Conch. Icon. No. 442, pl. 83 (?) =
Nanina cinnamomea, Albers, Heliceen; Gray, Catal. Pulmon.
p. 93; H. and A. Adams, Gen. IIL. p. 22 = Xesta cimnamomea,
Pfr. Vers. p. 120 = Helix cinnamomea, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 54,
III. p. 62, LV. p. 42.
Penang.
N. sucunpA, Pfr. = Helix jucunda, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863,
p. 524; Novit. Conch. p. 307, No. 419, pl. 74, figs. 13-14 =
Nanina jucunda (Macrochlamys), von Martens, Ostas. Zool. IT.
p. 240, pl. 12, fig. 7 = Helix jucunda, Pir. Mon. Hel. V. p. 101.
Collected in the island of Labuan by Sir Hugh Low.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1019
N. FULVO-CARNEA, von Martens, in Monatsber. Ak. Berlin,
18th April, 1864, p. 266 (Orobia) — Macrochlamys fulvo-carnea,
v. Mart. Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 242, pl. 12, fig. 8 = Helix fulvo-carnea,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 101.
Menado, Celebes.
N. MALACCANA, Pfr. = Helix malaccana, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soe.
1854, p. 147; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Helix No. 1373, pl. 195 =
Nanina malaccana (Xesta), Pir. Vers. p. 120 = Helix malaccana,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 45.
Keddah, Malay Peninsula.
N. aauasa, Pfr. = Helix aglaja, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p. 289 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Helix No. 1396, pl. 199 = Nanina
aglaja (Xesta), Pir. Vers. p. 120 = Helix aglaja, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
IV. p. 46.
Sarawak, Borneo.
N. STEPHOIDES, Stol. = Macrochlamys stephoides, Stol. Jour.
As. Soc. Beng. XLIT. 1873, p. 17, pl. 1, fig. 9 = Helix stephoides
(Macrochlamys), Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 109.
Penang Hill.
N. inrans, Pfr. = Helix infans, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p. 290; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Helix No. 1417, pl. 201; (Microcystis )
Pfr. Vers. p. 123; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 51.
Labuan and Sarawak, Borneo. It also occurs in Java, where
it was named Helix adnata by Mousson.
N. CuAIRVILLEA, Fer. — Helix clairvillea (Helicella), Feév.
pr. 243, Hist. pl. 91, fig. 1 = Nanina clairvillea, Gray, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1834, p. 59; Beck, Index, p. 3 = Helix clairvillea, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. I. p. 43.
Amboyna.
N. WAANDERSIANA, Zollinger; Mousson, Jour. Conch. VI.
1857, p. 154, pl. 6, fig. 1 = Helix waandersiana (Nanina), Ptr.
Mon. Hel. IV. p. 345.
Island of Bali.
1020 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
N. BALIENSIS, Mousson, Jour. Conch. VI. 1857, p. 155. pl. 6,
fig. 6 = Helix baliensis (Nanina), Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 345,
Diambrana, Bali.
N. 1nquinaTa, v.d. Busch,— Helia inquinata, v.d. Busch, in
Phil. Icon. I. 1, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 4; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix
No. 169, pl. 31, figs. 5-6; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 46.
Java.
N. sEMISCULPTA, von Martens, Malak. Bl. XX. 1872, p. 167 ;
Pfr. Novit. Conch. IV. p. 123, No. 826, pl. 128, fig. 6 = Helix
semisculpta (Nanina), Pfr. Mon. Hel, VII. p. 87.
Celebes.
N. cincta, Lea, = Helix cincta, Lea, Obs. I. p. 168, pl. 19,
fig. 68 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 54.
In the figure the columellar margin of the peristome appears
thickened and dilated ; = Nanina steursvi, Shuttlew.—= WV. conért-
stata, Mousson.
Java.
N. HUMPHREYSIANA, Lea, = Helix humphreysiana, Lea, Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc. VII, p. 463, pl. 12, fig. 16 ; Chemn. 2nd edit.
Helix No. 168, pl. 31, figs. 3-4; Fér. Hist. XXXIV. pl. 2, fig. 7;
von Martens, Ostas. pl. 10, fig. 4.
This shell seems somewhat widely distributed, since it is
recorded from Pondicherry, Singapore, and Sumatra. It is an
orbiculately conical shell, convex below, rugulosely granular,
yellowish brown with a chestnut band at the periphery ; spire
somewhat elevated and acute, whorls six to seven, aperture
oblique, simple acute, diam. maj. 53, min. 47, alt. 33 mill. Pfr.
Mon. Hel. I. p. 43.
N. corrosa, Mousson, Jour. Conch. VI. 1857, p. 156 =
Helix corrosa (Nanina), Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 348.
Java.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1021
WN. Nopinis, Pfr. = Helix nobilis, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1849,
p. 127; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 771, pl. 125, figs. 1-2;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p. 69.
Borneo ; var. in Philippines.
N. ara@uta, Pfr. = Heitx arguta, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856,
p. 327; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 61.
Tengger Hills, Java (written Teuga Hills in Pfr.).
N. HERKLOTSIANA, Dohrn, Malak. Bl. VI. 1859, p. 206 =
Helix herklotsiana, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 121.
Java.
N. BATAVIANA, v.d. Busch, — Helix bataviana, v.d. B. in
Phil. Icon. I. 1, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 3 ; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 58,
pl. 11, figs. 1-3; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 77. |
Java.
N. SOULEYETIANA, Pfr. = Helix souleyetiana, Pfr. in Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1851; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 950, pl. 144,
figs. 16-17 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 74. (N.B.—The reference is
erroneously given as 73 in Pfr. Nomen. Hel. Viv.).
Borneo.
N. pDonovani, Pfr. = Helix donovani, Pfr. in Zeitschr. f.
Malak. 1851, p. 26 ; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 967, pl. 147,
figs. 8-9 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. ITI. p. 75.
Borneo.
N. CENTRALIS, Mouss.. Moll. Java, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 1=WJ.
( Hemiplecta) centralis, Albers, Heliceen, p. 60 = Helia centralis
(Nanina), Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 78.
Java.
N. M£NADENSIS, Mousson, Jour. Conch. VI. 1857, p. 157 =
Helix menadensis, Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 345.
Menado, Celebes.
1022 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
N. RIEDELII, von Martens, Monatsber. Ak. Berlin, 18th April,
1864, p. 264; Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 213, pl. 8, fig. 5 = Helix riedeliz,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 131 = H. securiformis, Mousson, not
Deshayes = Cochlostyla riedelit, Paetel.
Menado, Celebes.
N. cymatium, Benson, — Helix cymatium, Benson, MS ; Pfr.
Novit. Conch. [. p. 58, No. 95, pl. 17, figs. 1-2 —Nanina cyma-
tium (Hemiplecta), Pfr. Vers. p. 121 = Helia cymatiwm, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. IV. p. 109.
Lancavi Island, Straits of Malacca ; Penang and Perak, Malay
Peninsula.
N. CHEVALIERII, Souleyet,—= Helix chevalieri, Soul. in Revue
Zool. 1842, p. 101; Voy. Bonite II. p. 504, Atlas, pl. 28, figs. 24-
26; Pfr. Mon. Hel. c p- 120= Nanina chevalierti, Albers,
Heliceen.
Theonly locality given in the “Voyage de la Bonite” is Peninsula
of Malacca.
N. SCHUMACHERIANA (HeEtrx), Pfr. Helix densa, Adams and
Reeve, Voy. of Samarang, Moll. p. 62, pl. 16, fig. 8; Chemn.
2nd edit. Helix No. 954, pl. 145, figs. 5-7 = H. schumacheriana,
Pfr. Zeitschr. fr. Malak. 1850, p. 70 = H. densa, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
TK. os):
Philippines ; Borneo.
N. CELEBENSIS, Pfr.— Helix celebensis, Pfr. Jour. Conch. X.
1862, p. 229, pl. 10, fig. 8; Sowerby, Jour. Conch. XV. 1867,
p- 111 (Char. emend.); Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 71.
Rhwo (Rhio ?) Island, Celebes.
N. virENs, von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II. p. 237 =? Helix
tumens, Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p. 43; Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 477
(also cited for H. cidaride) = Nanina virens, von Martens, Ostas.
Zool. II. p. 237 = Helrx virens, Pir. Mon. Hel. V. p. 73. .
Sumatra.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1023
N. wauuacet, Pfr.—Helix wallacet, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858,
p. 20, pl. 40, fig. 5; Chemn. pl. 164, figs. 13-15; Pfr. Mon. Hel.
V. p. 96 = Nanina wallacer, Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865,
p. 406 = WV. (Xesta) wallacet, von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II. p. 202,
var. Pfr. Novit. Conch. IV. pl. 128, fig. 5.
Macassar ; Celebes.
N. RAPA, (HELIX), Miller, Verm. II. p. 67, No. 261 ; Chemn.
TX. pt. IT. p. 134, pl. 131, fig. 1176; Pfr. Zeitschr. Malak. 1844,
p- 178 ; Mon. Hel. I. p. 62 = Helix cidaris, Lamarck.
Amboyna.
N. BoRNEENSIS, Pfr.— Helia: borneensis, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1849, p. 127; Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 196, fig. 1379; Pfr. Mon.
Eifel. TEE: p. 70.
Borneo.
N. rucara, von Martens, Monatsber. Ak. Berlin, 18th July,
1864, p. 528; Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 229, pl. 10, fig. 3 = Helix cidaris,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 43 (not Lamarck) ; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
pl. 86, sp. 464 = Hemiplecta cidaris, Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1865, p. 406 = Helix clairvillea, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Helix
pl. 206. sp. 1454 (not Fér). = Nanina cidaris, Gray, Catal.
Pulmonif. p. 114.
Celebes and Timor.
N. SUMATRENSIS, Mouss. MSS.; von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II.
p. 237 = Helix swmatrensis, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 77.
Sumatra.
N. peaseana, Pfr. Helix peaseana, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864,
p- 603 ; Mon. Hel. V. p. 77 = Hemiplecta peaseana, Wallace, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 406 = Nanina rareguttata, var.? von Martens,
Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 206.
Timor and Buru.
N. martini, Pfr.= Helix martini, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p: 149; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Helix No. 1356, pl. 193; Pfr.
(Caracolus), Vers. p. 141 = Manina amphidroma, yon Martens,
65
1024 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Ostas. Zool. pl. 11, figs. 2-5 (Normal and sinistral shells) —
Nanina producta, Mousson = Ariophanta martini, Semper =
Helix martini, Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 300.
Padang, Sumatra.
N. BROOKEI, Adams and Reeve, = Helix brookei, Adams and
Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 60, pl. 15, fig. 4; Chemn. 2nd
edit. Helix No. 870, pl. 135, figs. 1-2; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III.
p. 52 = H. gigas, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1850, p. 81.
In the mountains of Borneo.
N. nuGontis, Pfr. = Helix hugonis, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863,
p. 523; Novit. Conch. p. 304, No. 415, pl. 74, figs. 1-3; Mon.
Hel. V. p. 81=Z. sinistra, Bonnet, Rev. Zool. 1864, p. 67,
pl. 5, fig. 2== Manina hugonis, von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II.
p. 220.
Collected in the island of Labuan by Sir Hugh Low.
N. REGALIS, Benson, = Helix regalis, Annals Mag. Nat. Hist.
1850, p. 215; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 915, pl. 141, figs. 5-6,
var. 7-8 = H. vittata, Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll.
p. 60, pl. 15. fig. 7.
Sarawak and Balambangan.
N. LINDSTEDTI, Pfr. = Helix lindstedti, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1856, p. 387 ; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 31.
Malacca.
N. JANuS, Chemn. = Helix janus, Chemn. XI. p. 307, pl. 213.
figs. 3016-17; 2nd edit. Helix No. 59, pl. 11, figs. 4-6; Pfr
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 87; Mon. Hel. I. p. 77 = Helicella
bifrons, Fér. p. 233== Helix mackenziana, Soul. Rev. Zool. 1841,
p. 347 = H. balesteriana, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VII.
p. 460, pl. 12, fig. 10 = Ariophanta janus, Beck, Index, p. 5.
Mount Ophir, near Malacca.
N. RuMPHII, v.d. Busch, = Helix rumphii, v. d. Busch, Phil.
Icon. I. 1, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 2; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 60,
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1025
pl. 11, figs. 7-9; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 76; (Nanina ?) Symb. II.
p. 20.
Island of Java.
N. chypPeus, Mouss. Jour. Conch. VI. 1857, p. 156 = Helix
clypeus, Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 344.
Mount Semeru, Java.
N. nasuta, Metcalfe, — Helix nasuta, Metcalfe, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1851 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p. 203.
Borneo.
N. (ARIOPHANTA) INTERRUPTA, G. Nevill, Hand-list Moll.
Ind. Mus. 1878, p. 20 (a.sp. 2).
Kuala Kangsa, Perak, Malay Peninsula.
N. (Ruysora) sp.? von Modllendorff, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal,
LV. 1886, p. 301.
A large greenish-brown shell, with dark brown band at periphery,
and broader band at umbilicus; periphery obtusely angular; spire
of six whorls, coarsely sculptured. Near WV. pluto, Pfr. from
Cambodia.
Perak, Malay Peninsula.
N. (EvPLECTA) BIJUGA,Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, X LIT. 1873,
p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 4-7, pl. 2, figs. 16-18 (Rotwla) = Helix bijuga, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. VII. 1876, p. 105 = Nanina bijuga, G. Nevill, Handl.
Moll. Ind. Mus. 1878, p. 31; (Rotula), Crosse, Jour. Conch.
XXVII. 1879, p. 336.
Bukit Pondok ; Penang ; Malay Peninsula.
N. (Macrocutamys) sp. 2 and a species of Microcystis were
found at Bukit Pondok by Dr. Hungerford.
N. (Microcysrina) TOWNSENDIANA, Godwin-Austen and G,
Nevill, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 736, pl. 49, fig. 1.
Bukit Pondok.
N. (KALrmELLA) PERAKENSIS, G. Nevill and Godwin-Austen, Land
and Freshw. Moll. Ind. I. 1882, p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 7.
Bukit Pondok, Perak.
1026 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
N, (SITALA) CARINIFERA, Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, XLIT.
1873, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 8; Godwin-Austen, Land and Freshw.
Moll. Ind. II. 1882, p. 35.
Penang.
6. TROCHONANINA, Mousson, 1869. Jour. Conch, 1869, p. 330.
The author states that certain Helices should be separated from
the genus Zrochomorpha, Albers (Heliceen, p. 60), under the
name of Zrochonanina, distinguished by an upper surface more
or less sculptured, base polished with a callosity at the insertion
of the columella.
TROCHONANINA LYCHNIA, Benson, = Helix lychnia, Benson,
Ann. and Magaz. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, X. 1852 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel.
TIT. p. 626 = 7 lycheria, Pfr. Nomen. Hel. Viv. p. 57, No. 113.
Island of Singapore.
T. TROPIDOPHORA, Adams and Reeve, — Helix tais, Hombron
et Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud, Atl. Livr. 22, pl. 7, figs. 42-45 ;
Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 782, pl. 125, figs, 32-33 = H. thas,
Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1849, p. 68 = H. tropidophora, Adams
and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 59, pl. 14, fig. 14 = H.
tais, Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 37.
Islands of Marquesas ; Borneo.
T. conrcorDEs, Metc. — Helix conicoides, Metc. Proc. Zool.
Soc, 1851; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 1020, pl. 153, figs.
20-21 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 37.
Borneo.
T. JENYNSI, Pfr. = Helix jenynsi, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845,
p. 131; Phil. Icon. II. 11, p. 86, pl. 7, fig. 8; Pfr: Mon.. Hel.
Tp. eit
Java; New Hebrides.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1027
7. Hyatrnta, Fér. 1819, Prodromus, p. 40 = Aplostoma, Moquin-
Tandon, 1855.
Shell depressed or conical, more or less longitudinally, but not
spirally striate ; semi-transparent smooth and shining ; umbilicus
large, rarely small or none; epiphragm none, rudimentary or
vitreous. Flagellum none or short, thick and steadied by a ter-
minal muscle ; mucous vesicles represente by a glandular layer.
50 sp.
Mostly Europe and North America.
HYALINIA AMBOINENSIS, von Martens, Monatsber. Berl. Ak.
18th Ap. 1864, p. 266; Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 244, pl. 12, fig. 11;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 141.
Buru; Amboyna; Banda-Nera.
8. TrocHomorpHaA, Albers, 1850, Heliceen, p. 116. Section of
Helix = Geotrochus, van Hasselt.
Shell sub-perforate, spire depressed conical; last whorl carinated
at the periphery ; columella very short, vertical ; lip simple. 19 sp.
Mauritius ; India; East Indies.
TROCHOMORPHA conus, Phillippi,= Helix conus, Philippi, coll.
Etre symp, Lp. 39; Phil. Icon. I. 1, p: TY, -pl. 4, fig. 6; Chemn:
2nd edit. Helix No. 216, pl. 28, figs. 6-7; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 35.
Java.
T. (2) anautata, Issel, Moll. Born. 1874, p. 42, pl. 5, fig. 5-8
= Helix angulata, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 528.
Sarawak, Borneo.
T. ceroconus, Pfr.— Helix ceroconus, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1863, p. 523; von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II. p. 257 ; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. V. p. 84.
Labuan.
1028 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
T. LEUCOPHLOEA, von Martens,— Helix leucophloea (Fruticola)
von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II. p. 269, pl. 12, fig. 14; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. V. p. 85.
North Celebes.
T. conutus, von Martens, = Helix conulus, von Martens, Mon-
atsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July, 1864, p. 523 (not H. conula, Pease,
1861) ; (Fruticola), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 269, pl. 13, fig. 15; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. V. p. 333.
Kepahiang, Sumatra.
T. ayssertana, Pfr.— Helix gysseriana, Pfr. Malak. Bl. XII.
1865, p. 122; Novit. Conch. Fasc. XXIII. p. 270, No. 381,
pl. 67, figs. 3-5; Mon. Hel. V. p. 333.
Moluccas.
T. TERNATANA, Le Guillou,= Helix ternatana, Le Guill. Revue
Zool. 1842, p. 1838 = H. batchianensis, Pfr. Malak. Bl. 1860,
p. 235 = Trochomorpha batchianensis, Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1865, p. 407 = 7. ternatana (Nigritella) v. Martens, Ostas. Zool.
II. p. 246, pl. 13, fig. 1 = Helia ternatana, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V.
p. 254.
Moluccas.
T. CARINIFERA, Stol. — Sitala carinifera, Sto!. Jour. As. Soc.
Bengal, XLIT. 1873, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 8 = Helix carinifera, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. VII. p. 103.
Penang Hill.
T. micuta (Zonires), Mouss.= Zonites micula, Mouss. Jour.
Conch. VI. 1857, p. 158 = Helix micula (Zonites), Pfr. Mon.
Hel. IV. p. 343.
Bali Island, Java.
T. TRICOLOR, von Martens, Malak. Bl. X. 1863, p. 134 : (Videna),
Ostas. Zool. TI. p. 252, pl. 13, fig. 3 = Helix tricolor, Pir. Mon.
Helo Vaap. 181.
Island of Buru, Moluccas.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1029
T. BicoLor, von Martens, Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th Ap. 1864,
p. 267 ; (Videna), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 252, pl. 13, fig. 2 — Helix
bicolor, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 182.
Sumatra ; Borneo.
T. ZOLLINGERI, Pfr. = Helix zollingert, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1851; Chemn. 2nd. edit. Helix No. 939, pl. 143, figs. 21-22 ;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p. 113.
Java.
T. CANTORIANA, Benson,— Helix cantoriana, Benson, in Ann.
and Magaz. Nat. Hist. 3rd series, VII. 1861, p.85; Pfr. Mon.
Kfel; V. p. 186.
Sang-sang, near Penang.
T. PLANORBIS, Less.== Helix planorbis, Less. Voy. de la Coq.
p. 312, pl. 13, fig. 4 = H. marginata, Mill. (teste Beck) = H.
planorbis, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 122.
New Guinea; Java; Borneo.
T. GORONTALENSIS, von Martens, = 7’ sp. von Martens, Malak.
Bl. XX. 1875, p. 168 = 7. gorontalensis, v. Martens in Pfr. Novit.
Conch. IV. p. 124, No. 827, pl. 128, fig. 7 = Helix gorontalensis,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 208.
Gorontalo, Celebes.
T. TIMORENSIS (VIDENA), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 248.
pl. 13; fig. 6 — Helin temorensis, Pir. Mon. Hel. V. p. 187.
Island of Timor.
T. LARDEA, von Mart.—= Helix zollingert, Mouss. Coll. (not Pfr.)
= Trochomorpha lardea, von Mart. Menatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th
April, 1864, p. 267; (Videna), Ostas. Zool. If. p. 251, pl. 13,
figs. 5-6 = Helix lardea, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p, 255.
Ceram, Moluccas.
1030 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Family HELICIDA.
9. Patuta, Held, 1837.
Isis, p. 916 ; Albers, Heliceen, p. 64 = Lyryomphala, Beck,
1837 = Delomphalus, Agassiz, 1837 = Huryomphala, Herrmansen,
1846 — Discus, H. and A. Adams (Genera II. p. 116) = Pitys,
Harper Pease, 1871.
Shell perspectively umbilicate, discoid or turbinate, depressed,
rugose or striate ; whorls gradually enlarging; aperture round,
toothless ; lip acute ; jaws smooth or slightly striate, with a more
or less marked median protuberance. About 327 species, with a
world-wide distribution.
PATULA QUADRISPIRA, von Mart. Helix quadrispora, von Mart.
Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th April, 1864, p. 267= Patula quadris-
pira (Rhytida), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. I. p. 259, pl. 13, fig. 9 =
Helix quadrispira, Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 157.
Ceram, Moluccas.
P. opscuraTa, Adams and Reeve, Helix obscurata, Ad. and
Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 59, pl. 14, fig. 18, (not Porro) =
H. arthurti, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1851, p. 16; Chemn. 2nd
edit. Helix No. 940, pl. 143, figs. 23-25; Pfr. Mon. Hel. ITI.
p. 102.
Borneo.
P. LuTEA, von Mart. = Helix lutea, von Mart. Mouatsber.
Berl. Ak. 18th April, 1864, p. 268 = Patula lutea (Macrocy-
cloides), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 260, pl. 12, fig. 16 = Helix
lutea, Pir. Mon. Hel. V. p. 167.
Buru, Moluccas.
10. Heurx, Linneeus.
Shell of variable form, smooth, rugose, striate, ribbed or tuber-
culate, sometimes pilose ; orbicular-convex, planorboid, trochiform,
sub-turriculated, or short bulimiform (monstrosities sinistral, or
with the whorls more or less uncoiled) ; aperture oblique, oval,
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1031
or semilunar, with or without interior teeth on the margin or
parietal wall; lip simple or thickened internally or reflected ;
umbilicus covered to widely open.
Animal capable of complete retraction within the shell ; the
jaw finely striate, or ribbed, sulcate, or plicate.
Radula :—central teeth tricuspid, laterals bicuspid or tricuspid,
with an obsolete internal cusp; marginals usually wider than
high, short, with two or three small cusps.
Distribution : — world-wide; about 3,400 species known.
Pfeiffer, Albers, Beck, Swainson, Férussac, Tryon, H. and A.
Adams, and others have proposed a great number of groups
in which it is generally found that similar ones have a similar
geographical distribution. Unfortunately there has been a
lamentable want of consent amongst these and other authors as
to the grouping, and there is no accepted system which is followed
by the generality of conchologists ; it would seem in fact as if
each one had his own. In this list the system of Pfeiffer is
followed, who makes 86 sections and 67 sub-sections.
Section 22, Hygromia. Sub-section 1, Fruticola.
HELIX MILIACEA, von Mart.—= H. miliwm, von Mart. Monatsber.
Berl. Ak. 18th July, 1864, p. 524 (not Morse, 1859) = H. milicea,
(Fruticola), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 268, pl. 12, fig. 15;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 68.
Amboyna.
H. corypropita, Mouss.= H. cryptopila, Pfr. Novit. Conch. TV.
p- 40, No. 711, pl. 117, figs. 10-12 = H. helicinoides, var. von
Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 270; Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 23, pl. 2, fig.
6; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p, 162, V. p. 259 (not Hom. et Jacq.)
= H. cryptopila, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 391.
Island of Rakata ; Java.
H. gveretti (Fruticonta), H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873,
p. 207, pl. 23, fig. 11; Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 401.
Sarawak, Borneo.
1032 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
H. menpax, von Martens, Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 524; (Fruticola), Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 272, pl. 13, fig. 14 ;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 350.
Atapupu, Timor.
H. crassuta, Philippi, Icon. 1, 7. p. 152, pl. 5, fig. 3; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. I. p. 198.
Java.
Sub-section 2, Monacha.
H. putviscutum (Frucricoza ?), Issel, Moll. Born. 1874,
p. 48, pl. 5, figs. 24-27 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. VIT. p. 524.
Borneo.
Section 29, Plectotropis.
H. winteriaAna, Pfr. Symb. IT. p. 41 ; Philippi, Icon. 2, p. 23,
pl. 2, fig. 7; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 605, pl. 95, figs. 1-2 ;
Pfr. Mon, Hel. I. p. 202.
Java.
H. nurront, Pfr. Symb. II. p. 82.= Hf orbicula, Hutton, Jour.
As. Soc. VII, p. 217 = ZH. huttoni, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 202.
Himalayas ; Java (?).
H. suMATRANA, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 523; (Plectotropis), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 266, pl. 13, fig.
13; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 409.
Wonosari, Java.
H. squamutosa, Mouss. MSS ; (Plectotropis ), von Mart. Ostas.
Zool. II. p. 266; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 409.
Island of Madura, near Java.
Section 45, Hemicycla. Swb-section 3, Coelatura.
H. smrpiex, Lamarck, 42, p. 77, Desh, edit. p. 45 ; (Helicogena),
Fér, pr. add. 48 bis Hist. pl. 25 B. fig. 6; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I.
p. 20.
Amboyna.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1033:
Section 62, Cepolis.
H. porceLLana, Grateloup, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XI.
p- 410, pl. 1, figs. 5-6 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 346.
Lombok, near Java.
Section 65, Phania.
H. prrostoma (Heuictcona), Fér. pr. 139, Hist. pl. 15, fig. 3-4 ;
Pfr. Symb. III. p. 73; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 401, pl. 67,
figs. 4-5 = Carocolla pyrostoma, Gray, Ann of Phil. ns. IX.
p. 412 = Helix pyrostoma, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 295.
Island of Gilolo.
Section 68, Obba. Sub-section Genuine.
H. MAMMILLA (HELICELLA), Fér. pr. add. p. 67, Hist. pl. 25,
figs. 1-2; Quoy and Gaim. Astrol. II. p. 93, pl. 7, figs. 3-5
(c. anim.)) ; Lamarck, Desh. edit. 163, p. 105 = Obba mammilla,
Beck, Index, p. 30 = Helix mammilla, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p, 318.
Celebes.
H. papiyya, Miill. Verm. II. p. 100, No. 298 ; (Melicogena),
Fér. pr. 438, Hist. pl. 25 B. fig. 5; Lamarck, 79, p. 87, Desh.
edit. p. 65 ; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 124, pl. 21, figs. 8-9 —
Trochus papilla, Chemn. IX. p. 51, pl. 122, figs. 1053-54 = Obba
papilla, Beck, Index, p. 30 —Helia papilla, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I.
p- 318.
Celebes.
Sub-section 2, Janira.
H. campanuta, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 65; var. Chemn.
2nd edit. Helix No. 694, pl. 111, figs. 13-14; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I.
p. 321.
Indian Archipelago.
Sub-section 3, Philina.
H. Loxorropis, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1850, p. 82; Chemn
2nd edit. Helix No. 871, pl. 135, figs. 3-4; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III.
p. 226.
Island of Gilolo.
1034 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
H. torquini, Pfr. Malak. Bl. XIT. 1865, p. 122 ; Novit. Conch.
Fasc. 23, p. 273, No, 385, pl. 67, figs. 14-15; Mon. Hel. V. p. 345.
Moluceas. ;
H. quoyi, Deshayes,— H. wndulata, Quoy and Gaim. Astrol. IT.
p- 91, pl. 7, figs. 1-2 = H. quoyi, Desh. Lamarck, Desh. ed. 162,
p. 105; Fér. Hist. pl. 73 B. fig. 4; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 373, IIT.
p. 238; IV. p. 286; Chemn. new edit. III. p. 358; (Ampelita)
Pfr. Vers. p. 137 = Vallonia undulata, Gray, Fig. Moll. An.
pl. 72, fig. 3.
Celebes.
H. aracta, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 386, pl. 37, fig. 5 ;
von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 306, pl. 16, fig. 1 = Planispira
atacta, Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 409 = Helix atacta, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. V. p. 376.
Ternate ; Gilolo.
H. erotica, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 114 ; (Obba), Vers.
p30,5 Mon. Hel: TV. p. 291.
Celebes.
H. atrorusca, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 22, pl. 3, fig. 3 ;
Novit. Conch. p. 164, No. 261, pl. 45, figs. 1-3; (Planispira), von
Mart. Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 299 = Planispira atro-fusca, Wallace,
Proc, Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 409 = Helix atro-fusca, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
V. p. 382.
Island of Batchian.
H. tatizons, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 524 = Planispira
latizona, Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 409 = Helix latizona,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 394.
Ceram Island, Moluccas.
H. BICONVEXA, von Martens, Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 526; Ostas. Zool. II. p. 317, pl. 16, fig. 13; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. V. p. 404.
Island of Tavalli, Moluccas.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1035.
H. sororcuta (OBBA), von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II. p. 294,
pl. 17, fig. 4; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 405.
Celebes.
H. KoBeitiANA, Pfr. Malak. Bl. XVIII. 1871, p. 124; Novit.
Conch. IV. p. 73, No. 760, pl. 121, figs. 12-13; Pfr. Mon. Hel.
VII. p. 456.
Ceram.
Section 69, Trachia.
H. manayana, O. von Mollendorff, Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1886,
LV. p. 303.
Perak, Malay Peninsula.
H. PENANGENSIS, Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLII. 1873, p. 24,
pease. Loebtr Mon. Hel. Vil. p. 399.
Penang.
Section 72, Planispira.
H. EXCEPTIUNCULA, Fér. pr. 176, Hist. pl. 70, fig. 1, pl. 73A,
fig. 1; Pfr. Symb. III. p. 75; Mon. Hel. I. p. 311; Chemn.
2nd edit. Helix No. 453, pl. 76, figs. 1-3 =Planispira excepti-
uncula, Beck, Index, p. 29.
Moluccas,
H. pueyne, Pfr. Nomen. Hel. p. 182, No. 2530 = H. excepti-
uncula var. Fér. Hist. pl. 73A. fig. 1 = H. phryne, Pfr. Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 386, pl. 37, fig. 7 = Planispira phryne,
Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 409 = Helix phryne, Ptr.
Mon. Hel. V. p. 311.
Ternate ; Gilolo.
H. FLaviputa, von Mart. = H. flaveola, von Mart. Monatsber.
Berl. Ak. 18th July, 1864, p. 525 (not Kryn, 1837) = ZH. flavi-
dula, von Mart. Giinth. Zool. Jahresber. 1864; (Planispira)
Ostas. Zool. II. p. 302, pl. 14, fig. 4; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 378.
Maros, Celebes.
H. quaprirasciata, Le Guill. Revue Zoologique, 1842, p. 141;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 381.
Ternate ; Halmahera,
1036 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
H. enpoprycua, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th Ap.
1864, p. 268 ; (Planispira), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 301, pl. 14, fig. 2 ;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 883.
Ternate ; Batjan (? Batchian).
H. zonauis (Heuicetta), Fér. pr. 175, Hist. pl. 70, fig. 3;
Pfr. Symb. II. p. 42; Mon. Hel. I. p. 380; Chemn. 2nd edit.
Helix No. 24, p. 50, pl. 6, figs. 14-15 = H. zonaria, Chemn. IX.
Pt. 2, p. 140, pl. 132, fig. 1188 = Planispira zonalis, Beck,
Index, p. 30.
Gilolo.
H. (Dorcasta) compra, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865,
p. 414, pl. 21, fig. 8; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 380.
Batchian.
H. xurrti, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847 ; Mon. Hel. I. p. 386.
Ceram.
H. zonaria, L. Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1245, No. 681;
(Helicella), Fér. pr. 177, Hist. pl. 71, figs. 6-10, pl. 73, figs. 3-10 ;
Lamarck, 37, p. 75, Desh. edit. p. 44; Fer. Voy. de Freycin,
Zool. p. 469, pl. 67, figs. 14-15; Quoy and Gaim. Astrol. IT.
p. 104, pl 8, fig. 14; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 569, pl. 14,
figs. 11-12, pl. 90, figs. 13-18 = Planispira xzonaria, Beck,
Index, p. 30 = Pusiodon zonaria, Swains. Malac. p. 330: Knorr,
Vergniig. V. p. 33, pl. 21, fig. 41; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 386.
Amboyna ; Ceram; Buru.
H. Fascrotata, Lesson (?), Voy. Coq. Zool. ITI. 1, p. 311 (%);
(Planispira), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 314; Pfr. Mon. Hel
V. p. 505.
Moluccas.
H. coitus, Mouss. in coll. Pfr. Novit. Conch. IV. Fasc. 39,
p- 36, No. 708, pl. 117, figs. 1-3—= H. zonaria, var. von Mart.
Ostas. Zool. Moll. p. 312 = H. collis, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 444
Amboyna.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1037
H. coruper, Beck,—Planispira coluber, Beck, Index, p. 30 =
Helix coluber, Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 23, p. 49, pl. 6, figs.
8-9 — H. zonaria, Chemn. IX. Pt. 2, p. 140, pl. 132, fig. 1189 ;
var. Fér, Hist. pl. 73, figs. 1-2; Knorr, Vergniig. V. p. 33, pl. 21,
fig. 3 = H. coluber, Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 386.
Gilolo.
H. mersisprra, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 525; (Planispira), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 303, pl. 14, fig. 8 ;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 388.
Island of Moti, Moluccas.
H. aurita, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th April, 1864,
p. 269 ; (Chloritis), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 316, pl. 16, fig. 12 ; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. V. p. 389.
Moti Island, Moluccas.
H. eurtata, Le Guill. Revue Zool. 1842, p. 141; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. I. p. 388.
Ceram.
H. zepra, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1850, p. 83 ; Chemn. 2nd
edit. Helix No. 875, pl. 135, figs. 16-18 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. No.
499, pl. 92 =H. zonaria, var. Fer. Hist. pl. 73, fig. 5? = H. zebra,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 246.
Ceram ; Goram.
H. expansa, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 22; Novit. Conch.
p- 165, No. 262, pl. 45, figs. 4-6; (Chloritis), von Mart. Ostas.
Zool. II. p. 286, pl. 14, fig. 3 = H. anozona, von Mart. Monatsber.
Berl. Ak. 18th Ap. 1864, p. 269 = Planispira expansa, Wallace,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 409 = Helix expansa, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
WV. pi oot.
Batchian.
H. marearitus, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1850, p. 83 ; Chemn.
2nd edit. Helix No. 876, pl. 135, figs. 19-21; Pfr. Mon. Hel
IIT. p. 246.
Moluccas.
1038 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
H. emprecutiana, Mouss. in coll.; Pfr. Novit. Conch. IV.
p. 39, No. 710, pl. 117, figs. 7-9; Mon. Hel. VII. p. 446 (erro-
neously marked p. 746 in Nomen. Hel.)
Moluccas.
Section 73, Chloritis.
H. zopiaca, Fér. (Hexicenya) pr. 184, Hist. pl. 75, fig. 2 ;
Pfr, Sym. III. p. 78 = H. zodiacus, Wood, Suppl. pl. 7, fig. 52
—=Ampelita zodiaca, Beck, Index, p. 30 = Helix zodiaca, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. I. p. 373.
Celebes.
H. tupa, Albers, Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 214; Pfr. Novit. Conch.
I. p. 25, No. 41, pl. 7, figs. 1-3 ; (Ampelita), Pfr. Vers. p. 1287;
Mon. Hel. IV. p. 288.
Celebes.
H. sutsutus, Mouss. = H. bulbus, Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 113,
pl. 21, fig. 5 = H. bulbulus, Mouss. MSS. ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III.
peel.
Maros, Celebes.
H. uneunina, L. Syst. ed. 10, p. 772, ed. 12, p. 1245; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. I, p. 383.
Ceram. ;
H. uncuicunastra, von Martens, Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th
July, 1864, p. 524; (Chloritis), Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 281, pl. 14,
fig. 1; var. pilosa, von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 282; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. V. p. 386.
Amboyna and Buru.
H. ceraMmeEnsis, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 192; (Chloritis ),
von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 283 = Semicornu ceramense,,
Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 410 = Helia ceramensis, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. V. p. 386.
Ceram.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1039
H. uneuicuna, (HeLicEtia), Fer. pr. 191, Hist. pl. 76,
figs. 3-4; Lamarck, Desh. edit. 151, p. 99; Desh. in Fér. Hist.
p. 12; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 38, pl. 8, figs. 10-11 — H.
ungulina, Chemn. IX. P. 2, p. 81, pl. 125, figs. 1098-99 — Chloritis
unguicula, Beck, Index, p. 29 = Helix unguicula, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
I. p. 384.
Amboyna.
H. Fiexuosa, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 112 ; (Planispira),
Pfr. Vers. p. 1386; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 292.
Borneo.
H. martensi, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 193 ; (Chloritis ),
von Mart. Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 279 ; = Planispira martensi, Wallace,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 409 ;—= Helix martensi, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
V. p. 389.
Ceram.
H. uneuicuLina, von Mart. Malak. Bl. X. 1863, p. 135;
(Chloritis) Ostas. Zool. II. p. 278, pl. 14, fig. 5; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V.
p- 390.
Buru.
H. srompHata, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 272 ; (Chlortis)
‘von Martens, Ostas. Zool. II. p. 279 = Semicornu biomphalum,
Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 410 = Helix biomphala, Pfr.
Mon, Hel. V. p. 391.
Ceram.
H. QuaprivoLvus, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 16th Jan.
1865, p. 53; (Chloritis), Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 288, pl. 14, fig. 6; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. V. p. 392.
Borneo.
Section 77, Dorcasia.
H. araitiacna, (HeticoceEna), Fer. pr. 38, Hist. pl. 26, figs. 1-2;
Lamarck, 53, p. 80, Dh. edit. p 50; Fér. Voy. Freycin. Zool.
p- 468, pl. 67, figs. 6-7 ; Chemn. 2nd. edit. Helix No, 326, pl. 58,
66
1040 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
figs. 4-5 = Galaxias argillacea, Beck, Index, p. 42 = Helix argil-
lacea, var. Fér. pl. 26, fig. 3; Pfr. Mon. Hel. I. p. 320.
Timor; Rawak ; Flores.
H. TRANSVERSALIS, Mouss. Jour. Conch. VI. 1857, p. 158)
pl. 6, fig. 5; Pfr. Mon. Hel IV. p. 350.
Bali.
Section 78, Cameana.
H. Traini, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 107, pl. 32, fig. 4 ;
(Camaena), Vers, p. 138; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 256.
Palawan Passage, near Borneo.
H. crermanus, Reeve,=H. orientalis, Ad. and Reeve, Voy,
Samarang, Moll. p. 61, pl. 16, fig. 4 (not Gray) = H. germanus,
Reeve, Conch. Icon. No. 385, pl. 74; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix
No. 925, pl. 142, figs. 1-2; Pfr. Mon. Hel. II]. p. 222.
Borneo (?) Japan.
H, pantawanica, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 107, pl. 32,
fig. 7; (Camaena), Pfr. Vers. p. 138; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 261.
Palawan Passage, near Borneo.
H. conporiana, Crosse and Fisch. Jour. Conch. XI. 1863,
prodlepl. 14, fic tl; Ptr Mon. Hel. V. p. 377.
Pulo Condor, Cochin-China.
Section 80, Geotrochus. Sub-section 1, Geotrochi genwint.
H. PERAKENSIS, Crosse, Jour. de Conch. X XVII. 1879,
p. 199, pl. 8, fig. 4 (Geotrochus).
This is a small regularly conical shell, 10 millimetres in
diameter and 11 high. Dr. Hungerford has some doubts about
its being a Geotrochus, a group which has not yet been observed
in the Indian region. The figure gives the idea rather of
Satsuma (or Fruticotrochus, Kol.), which group is widely spread
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1041
in China, and might very well range into the Malay Peninsula,
hitherto so little explored. Von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV.
1886, p. 303.
Perak.
H. swetrennaMi, De Morgan, Le Naturaliste, VII. 1885,
p. 68; O. von Méllendorff, Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV. 1886,
p- 304, who says the species may be a TZrochomorpha or a
Plectotropis. He makes the same observation with regard to the
three following species :—
H. tui1eroti, De Morgan, l.c.
Gunong-Chura, north of Ipoli, Kinta Valley.
H. warpournt, De Morgan, l.c.
Valley of the Kinta, between Lahat and Ipoli.
H. LAHATENSIS, De Morgan, l.c.
Same locality.
H. antigua, Ad. and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 61,
pl. 16, fig. 1; Reeve, Conch. Icon. No. 402, pl. 77; Chemn. 2nd
edit. Helix No. 949, pl. 144, figs. 14-15; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT.
pe 172.
Unsang, Borneo.
Sub-section 2, Perforate.
H. rucuroes, Pfr. Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 57; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. No. 1346, pl. 192; Pfr. Novit. Conch. I. p. 2, No. 3, pl. 1,
figs. 7-8; (Geotrochus), Pfr. Vers. p. 145 = Acavus euchroés
(Geotrochus), H. and A. Adams, Gen. II. p. 196 = Helix euchroés,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 256.
Indian Archipelago.
H. wenta, Pfr.— H. pileus, Pir. Mon. Hel. I. p. 324; var.
Chemn. new edit. Helix I. p. 157, pl. 40, fig. 5 = H. lenta, Pfr.
Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 57; (Geotrochus), Pfr. Vers. p. 145; Mon.
Hel. IV. p. 257 = Acavus lentus (Geotrochus), H. and A. Adams,
Gen. II. p. 196.
Moluccas.
1042 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
H. stursiana, Shuttlew. Bern, Mittheil. 1852, Aug. p. 200;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p.. 179.
Amboyna.
H. priteowus, Fér. Hist. pl. 63 A. figs. 1-2 (not Pfr. Mon. H.
I. p. 324); Pfr. Malak. Bl. VII. 1860, p. 64; von Mart. Ostas.
Zool. II. p. 321, pl. 17, figs. 8-9 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 326.
Batchian.
H. zoax, Pfr. Malak. Bl. XII. 1865, p. 121; Novit. Conch.
Fasc. 23, p. 274, No. 386, pl. 67, figs. 16-17 = H. pileolus, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. I. p. 324.
Moluccas.
H. supvirreA, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 148; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. No. 1361, pl. 194 ; Pfr. Novit. Conch. I. p. 8, No. 13,
pl. 3, figs. 8-9 ; (Geotrochus) Pfr. Vers. p. 145.
Moluccas.
H. ruyncuostoma, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 21, pl. 2,
fig. 6; Novit. Conch. p. 166, No. 264, pl. 45, figs. 9-11; Mon.
Hel. V. p. 328.
Batchian.
H. wanceonata, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 386, pl. 37,
fig. 6 ; von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 320, pl. 17, fig. 7 ; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. V. p. 328 = Papuina lanceolata, Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1865, p. 411.
Gilolo ; Moti.
H. nopirera, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 4 ;
Novit. Conch. p. 166, No. 263, pl. 45, figs. 7-8 = Papuina nodifera,
Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 411 = Helix nodifera, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. V. p. 328.
Batchian.
H. virrea, Fér. (Hevicicona), pr. 145, Hist. pl. 64, fig. 4;
Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 459, pl. 76, figs. 18-19; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. I. p. 326.
Ternate ; Moti; Batchian.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1043
H. atputa, Le Guill. Revue Zool. 1842, p. 139; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. I. p. 328.
Ternate.
Sub-section 3, Pseudopartula.
H. (BuLimus) GALERICULUM, Mouss. (Pfr. Nomenclator Hel.
p. 197, No. 83) = Bulimus galericulum, Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 34,
pl. 3, fg. 5; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p. 302.
Pardana, Java.
Section 85, Corasia.
H. extensa, Mill. Verm. Il. p. 60, No. 254 (not Fer.) ;
Gmel. Syst. p. 3631, No. 59; Lamarck, Hist. VI. p. 70, No. 18,
Desh. edit. VIII. p. 37; Desh. in Feér. Hist. I. p. 246, No. 313,
pl. 96, figs. 5-7; Chemn. 2nd edit. Helix No. 1090, pl. 160,
figs. 6-7; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 192 = HLurycratera extensa,
Beck, Ind. p. 46, No. 9.
Amboyna ; Goram.
H. tevcopaTHaima, Pfr. Malak. Bl. XVII. 1870, p. 93;
Novit. Conch. IV. p. 10, No. 681, pl. 111, figs. 8-9 = Cochlostyla
(Corasia) leucophthalma, Paetel, Catal. 1873, p. 97; = Helix
leucophthalma, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VII. p. 355,
Celebes.
H. wats, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853; Mon. Hel. III. p. 647.
Island of Tukan Bessi.
11. Cocutostyza, Fér. Prodromus, p. 47, Sub-genus of Helix.
Shell not umbilicated, oval, conical, ventricose, somewhat like a
Bulimus with rather obtuse apex. Aperture large, ovate ; colu-
mella straight or slightly curved; peristome reflected. About
214 species, generally characteristic of the Philippines and Indian
Archipelago, some in India, others in Cochin China, while a few
extend into the Pacific as far as Fiji and New Caledonia. (?)
1044 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATFR MOLLUSCA,
CocuLostyLA THOMsONI, Pfr. Nomen. Hel. p. 205, No. 2116 =
Helix thomsoni, Pfr. Malak. Bl. XVIII. 1871, p. 120; Novit.
Conch. IV. p. 70, No. 756, pl. 121, figs. 1-2 = Cochlostyla thomson
(Corasia), Paetel, Catal. 1873, p. 97 = Helix thomsoni, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. VII. p. 308.
Tsland of Tukan Bessi.
C. inpus1aTa, Pfr. Nomencl. Hel. p. 205, No. 2489 = Hehax
indusiata, Pfr. Malak. Bl. XVIII. 1871, p. 121; Novit. Conch.
IV. p. 71, No. 757, p. 121, figs. 3-4; Mon. Hel. VII. p. 355.
Tukan Bessi.
C. rustica, Mouss.— Bulimus vrusticus, Mouss. Jav. Moll.
115, pl. 22, fig. 1; Reeve, Conch. Icon. No. 574, pl. 78; Pir:
Mon. Hel. III. p. 296 = Cochlostyla rustica, Pfr. Nomen. Hel.
p- 208, No. 17.
Java.
C. TRAILLI, Pfr. = Bulimus trailli, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856,
p. 106, pl. 32, fig. 6; (Amphidromus), Pfr. Vers. p. 146; Mon.
Hel NV: sp. 362.
Borneo.
C. PALAWANENSIS, Pfr. = Bulimus palawanensis, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. IV. p. 372.
Palawan.
C. tiprosa, Pfr. = Bulimus librosus, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1856, p. 388 ; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 375.
Palawan.
12. Buximus, Scopoli, Deliciz Flore et Faun Insubrice.
(Lombardy) Vol. I. p. 67.
Shell oval, oblong, or turriculate, solid, sub-perforate or imper-
forate ; whorls few ; ultimate ventricose wide ; aperture longitu-
dinal ; columella broad, rarely plicate; peristome thickened,
reflected ; margins usually joined by a callus.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1045.
Animal similar to the animal of Helix, with a simple jaw.*
Radula similar also to Helix. Between 300 and 400 species,
mostly South American. +
*Tt cannot be questioned that Scopoli rather than Adanson should be
given as the authority for this genus, although the author of the work
referred to in the text says distinctly, ‘‘ Proprium itaque ex his constituo,
et duce celeberrimo Adansonio Bulimos voco, ut eo facilius adnoscantuyr.
Solam testam nec animal inhabitans vidi, quod diversum esse a Limace
affirmat Adansonius.” p. 67.
Cf. Histoire Naturelle du Sénégal (Paris, 1757), where M. Adanson
writes the name Bulin. The Latin (?)name on pl. 1 looks very much like
Bulimus in consequence of the strokes of the ‘‘n” and ‘‘u” being con-
fused. A brief account of this curious work may be useful. It is divided
into two parts ; the first of 190 pages is devoted to the ‘‘ Voyage au
Sénégal ;” the second part is a “‘ Histoire des Coquillages,” consisting of :—
1. Préface, 28 pp. ; 2. Définitions des parties des coquillages, 32 pp. (a
most useful series of observations well deserving of study) ; 3. Table des
rapports ou des combinaisons autrement appellés systémes ou arrangements
méthodiques, 26 pp.; 4. Table chronologique des auteurs, 4 pp.; 5.
Division générale, 4 pp.; 6. Coquillages (including index), 275 pp. ; 7.
Plates, 19 pp. At p. 5 of the Coquillages is a full description which
extends to three pages of Le Bulin or Bulinus, from which only the first
sentence need be cited, as it shows the author is dealing with a fresh-water
shell. ‘* Je donne le nom de Bulin 4 un petit coquillage d’ eau douce, qui
vit communément sur la lentille de marais et sur le lemma, dans les marais
et les étangs de Podor.”” Therefore Scopoli’s genus, spelled differently, is
justly regarded as new.
+ It is a curious feature in the Philippine and some of the Malay species
that the varieties of pattern, which constitute their chief ornament, reside
only inthe epidermis. The colours of the shell rarely describe any sort of
configuration ; they are mostly blended into a uniform tint, over which a
fanciful pattern is produced by the epidermis forming a double porous
membrane in some places, and a single one only in others, developed,
moreover, with the same continuous regularity as the textile marking of a
Volute or Cone. This phenomenon is easily detected by immersing the
shell in water, when the light portion or upper porous layer of epidermis
becomes saturated, and the ground color of the shell is seen through it; as
the moisture evaporates, the epidermis resumes its light appearance. Sir
David Brewster, in reply to a letter from Mr. Broderip on this subject,
says: ‘‘It appears to me, from very careful observations, that the epidermis
consists of two layers, and that it is only the upper layer which is porous
wherever the pattern is white. These white or porous portions of the
1046 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Section Amphidromus.
Buutimus toricatus, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 293;
(Amphidromus) Pfr. Vers. p. 147; Mon, Hel. IV. p. 372.
Java.
B. PERVERSUS, L.= Helix perversa, L. Syst. Nat. 12th edit.
Species, No. 136. Sub-umbilicate, ovate, oblong, often sinistral,
colour various, but generally uniformly light green, lemon yellow,
or white ; or marked variously with spots or bands, such as a deep
brown oblique streak, white with red spot, red lip, white lip,
variously spotted with a bluish throat. This well-known and
widely-spread shell which is found all through the Archipelago
(Borneo ?), Malay Peninsula, Moluccas and Burmah, was known
to the early conchologists, twelve authorities being quoted by
Linneeus for this species and B, dextra, which is evidently a variety.
It is unnecessary to reproduce the authorities which occupy nearly
two pages of Pfeiffer’s Mon. Hel. (Vol. III. p. 308). It is very
common about Malacca, and on wet days especially may be
gathered off the leaves of the trees where it is with difficulty
distinguished on account of the similarity of its colour. Without
quoting authorities, it may be mentioned that it has been known
by the following names :—Bulimus, Helix, Limax, Orthostylus,
perversa, dextra, sinistra, atricallosa, interrupta, aurea, citrina,
sultana, javanica, macassariensis.
B, LeucoxartTHus, von Mart. = B. leucoxanthus, von Mart.
Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July, 1864, p. 526 (Reeve, Bul. f. 187
b: dextra.) ; Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 348, pl. 20, figs. 11-12 (sinistr.) ;
Pir. Mon.) Hel: VI. p. 18.
Java.
epidermis differ from the other parts of the upper layer only in having been
deprived of, or in never having possessed, the element which gives trans-
parency to the membrane ; in the same manner as hydrophanous opal has
become white, from the expulsion of its water of crystallization.” Reeve,
Conch. Icon, Bulimus,
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1047
B. poLymMorpuus (CocHostyLa), Tapp. Canefri = Cochlostyla
polymorpha, Tapp. Canefri, Malac. del viaggio della fregata
Magenta, 1874, p. 82, pl. 2, figs. 4 a-b. = Bulimus polymorphus,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. VIII. p. 23. M. H. Crosse (Jour. Conch. 1874,
p. 320) regards this species as only a variety of B. (Amphidromus)
comes, Pfr. of Cambodia.
Singapore.
B. MELANoMMA, Pfr.— Helix lammea, Chemn. IX. p. 94,
fig. 927 = Bulimus inversus, Kiist. pl. 6, fig. 3 (ex Chemn.) —
B. citrinus, var. Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 31, fig. 187a= Bb.
elongatus, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Moll. pl. 8, figs. 3-4 (‘)
— B. melanomma. Pfr. Zeitsch. f. Malak. 1852, p. 95 ; Chemn.
2nd edit. Bul. No. 179, pl. 39, figs. 28-29; Pfr. Mon. Hel. 1II.
p. 310.
Singapore ; Borneo.
SD >)
. B. uinstepti, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 388; Mon. Hel.
DViap. 004:
Malacca.
B. munbus, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1853, p.57; Mon. Hel.
III. p. 651 ; Chemn, 2nd edit. Bul. p. 373, pl. 70, figs. 21-22.
Singapore.
B. BATAVLE (PartULA), Grateloup,= Partula batavie, Grat.
Act. Bord. XT. p. 425, pl. 2, fig. 12 = Bulimus batavie, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. II. p. 40.
Java.
B. nversus, Miill.—= B. inversus, Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 107;
Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1849, p. 132; (Amphidromus) Albers,
Helic. p. 138; (Helix) Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 318.
This has been as long known as Bulimus perversus, and has
had the same synonyms applied to it.
Malacca ; Singapore ; Siam.
1048 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
B. winTER!, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1849, p. 135; Chemn.
2nd edit. Bul. No. 177, pl. 40, figs. 3-4; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT.
p. 319.
Java.
B. TEYSMANNI, Mouss. MSS. ; Pfr. Novit. Conch, IV. p. 32,
No. 704, pl. 116, figs. 2-3; Mon. Hel. VIII. p. 40=— B. winters,
von Mart. Ostas. IT. p. 353.
Moluccas.
B. HEERIANUS, Mouss. MSS.; Pfr. Novit. Conch. IV. p. 31,
No. 703, pl. 116, fig. 4 = B. wintert var. von Mart. Ostas. Moll.
pl. 20, fig. 10 (2) == B. heertanus, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VIIT. p. 40.
Moluccas.
B. panaceus, v. d. Busch, in litt.; Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 28,
pl. 3, fig. 1; Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1849, p. 136; Mon. Hel.
III. p. 320; Chemn. 2nd edit. Bul. No. 178, pl. 40, fig. 6;
(Amphidromus), Alb. Helic. p. 138 = B. perversus, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
Lapsed.
Java.
B. purus, Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 2; Pfr. Novit.
Conch. IV. p. 33, No. 705, pl. 116, fig. 6 = B. palaceus, Pfr. Mon.
Hel. IIL. p. 320= B. winteri, von Mart. Ostas. Moll. p. 354,
ex parte = B. purus, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VIII. p. 41.
Java.
B. emactatus (AmpPHIDROMUS), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II.
p. 347, pl. 20, fig. 7; Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 25.
Java; Bali.
B. appressus, Mouss. in coll.; Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 26,
No. 213b. (ex v. Mart.) ; (Amphidromus) von Mart. Ostas. Moll.
p. 353; Pfr. Novit. Conch. IV. p. 34, No. 706, pl. 116, figs. 4-5 ;
Mon. Hel. VITT. p. 42.
Jaya.
B. tavus, Mill. = Helix leva, Mill. Verm. IT. p. 95, No. 293 ;
Chemn. IX. P. I, p. 103, pl. 111, figs. 940-49; Gmel. p. 3644,
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1048
No. 100; Dillw. Deser. Cat. If. p. 935, No. 112 ; (Cochlogena)
Fér. pr. 416= WH. perversa, Gmel. p. 3643 (e fig. Kamm.) = Bulimus
levus, Brug. Enc. Méth. I. p. 317, No. 31; Quoy et Gaim.
Astrol. II. p. 120, pl. 10, fig. 4; Lamarck, Desh. edit. 80, p. 260 ;
Kiister, p. 15, pl. 9, figs. 7-16=Orthostylus levus, Beck, Ind.
p. 50, No. 15; Kimmerer, p. 125, pl. 10, fig. 3=B. levus, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. IT. p. 39.
Timor.
B. suspectus, von Mart. Monatsher. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 526; Ostas. Zool. II. p. 362, pl. 21, fig. 8; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. VI. p. 27.
Kupang, Timor.
B. suMATRANUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 526; Ostas, Zool. II. p. 366, pl. 21, fig. 6; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. VI. p. 27.
Sumatra.
B. stnistRALIs, Reeve, Conch. Icon. No. 603, pl. 81; Chemn.
2nd edit. Bul. No. 181, pl. 41, figs. 11-13=B. laevus, var. Desh.
in Fér. Hist. pl. 161, figs. 11, 1418=B. sinistralis, Pfr. Mon.
Wel. ILL. p. 321,
Celebes ; Timor.
B. contrarius, Miiller,= Helix contrarius, Mill. Verm. II.
p. 95, No. 292 (Swamm. pl. 7, No. 11); Gmel. Syst. p. 3644, No.
99; Fer. Voy. Freyc. p. 474, pl. 67, figs. 8-9=H. tterrupta
sinistrorsa, Chemn. IX. p. 10], figs. 938-939 = Bulimus contrarwus,
Pie Mons Hel lisp: 327.
Macassar ; Timor; Java.
B. Porcentanus, Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 33, pl. 3, fig. 4;
(Amphidromus), Alb. Helic, p. 139; Chemn. 2nd edit. Bul. No.
182, pl. 41, figs. 14-15; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 328.
Java.
B. avast, Reeve, Conch. Icon. No. 73, pl. 13; Adams and
Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 58, pl. 15, fig. 1; Chemn. 2nd
1050 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
edit. Bul. No. 105, pl. 31, figs. 11-12; Pfr. Nomen. Hel. p. 214,
No. 300.
Borneo.
Family BULIMINIDA.
13. Buumia, Ehren. Symb. Phys. Oken Isis, 1833, p. 734,
sub-genus, Chilodontzis.
Shell solid, rimate, oblong conical, or fusiformly cylindrical ;
apex obtuse, horny, last whorl shorter than spire ; aperture small,
oblique, oval; peristome straight, labiate within, simple or dentate ;
lip rather expanded, columella reflexed and spread.
Animal similar to ulimus, jaw arcuate and finely striate
lengthwise ; radula like Helix. About 350 species, which are
divided into about a dozen sub-genera, of which four only belong
to America or about an eighth of the species; the rest are in
Europe and western Asia, with a few extending into the Indian
Archipelago, belonging as far as known to the sub-genus Hna.
BULIMINA LORRAINI, Pfr. = Bulimus lorraint, Pfr. Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1856, p. 332; Mon Hel. IV. p. 468.
Penang.
B. sprtozona, von Mart.=ulimus (Rhachis) spilozonus, von
Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July, 1864, p. 527; Ostas. Zool.
II. p. 368, pl. 21, fig..13; Pfr. Mon. Hel, VI. p. 112.
Celebes ; Timor.
B. GREGARIA, Ad. and Reeve,=Bulimus yregarius, Ad. and
Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 58, pl. 14, fig. 4 ; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. No. 612, pl. 83 (aliquantulum auct.); Pfr. Mon. Hel. ITI.
p-. 3ol.
Borneo ; Japan.
B. GLANDULA, Mouss.= Bulimus glandulus, Mouss. Jav. Moll.
p. 34, pl. 4, fig. 3; Pfr. Mon. Hel. III. p. 353,
Java.
BY THE REY. J, E. TENISON-WOODS. 1051
B. APERTA, von Mart. = Pupa aperta, von Mart. Malak. Bl. X.
1863, p. 180=Buliminus apertus (Napaeus), von Mart. Ostas.
Zool. IT. 370, pl. 22, fig. 6 = Bulimus apertus, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI.
p- 61.
Timor.
14. Srenocyra, Shuttleworth, Diagnosis Noy. Moll. No. 6,
p. lor.
Shell elongate, turriculate ; whorls numerous ; apex obtuse or
truncate; aperture oval, small; columella thin, straight; peristome
simple, sharp.
Animal like Achatina. Jaw finely plicate or ribbed ; radula
with median tooth, very small; laterals tricuspid with a rather
long central cusp ; marginals short, tricuspid. About 250 species,
of world-wide distribution. The species of the Malayan region
belong to the section Opeas, in which the shell is small, thin, subu-
late, covered with small ribs.
STENOGYRA GRACILIS, Hutton, Jour. As. Soc. Beng. ILL.
p. 84= Bulimus gracilis, Hutton, l.c.=B. indicus, Pfr. Mon. Hel.
II. p. 157 ; Chemn. pl. 21, figs. 18-19 = B. aper, Mouss. = Spirawis
gracilis, Blanford, Contrib. Ind. Malac.= Bulimus cereus, Reeve,
Conch. Icon. Achatina, pl. 17, fig. 81.
Java; Bukit Pondok, Perak.
S. (SUBULINA) TCHEHELENSIS, De Morgan, Le Naturaliste,
1885, p. 69 = S. (Opeas) terebralis (?), Theobald (? n.sp.), G. Nevill,
Handl. Moll. Ind. Mus. 1878, p. 166; O. F. von Mollendorff,
Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV. p. 304.
This is a fine subulate shell, more than an inch long with 10 or
12 whorls.
Mount Chehel, near the River Plus and Bukit Pondok, Perak.
S. arotisPIRA (OpEAs), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 374,
pl. 22, fig. 10 = Bulimus arctispirus, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 102.
Java.
1052 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
S. DENSESPIRATA, Mouss. = Lulimus densespiratus, Mouss. Jour.
Conch. VI. 1857, p. 159; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 497.
Buitenzorg, Java.
S. acutissima, Mouss.=Bulimus acutissimus, Mouss. Jour.
Conch. VI. 1857, p. 159; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IV. p. 453.
Buitenzorg, Java.
S. LAXISPIRA, von Mart. Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 373, pl. 22, fig. 14
= Bulimus laxispirus, Pir. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 92.
Sumatra.
S. HOCHSTETTERI, Zelebor, — Bulimus hochstetteri, Zeleb. Reise
der Freg. “‘ Novara ;” Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 107.
Java.
S. ACHATINACEA, Pfr. Bulimus achatinaceus, Pfr. Symb. III.
p. 82; Mon. Hel. II. p. 156.
Java; Borneo.
15. Ruopina, De Morgan, Le Naturaliste, 1885, p. 68.
Shell cylindraceous, striate ; whorls numerous, last much larger ;
aperture triangular ; columella reflected, very prominent ; peri-
stome continuous.
M. de. Morgan has founded this new genus for a curious shell
like Stenogyra. He thinks it is related to Rhodea by the absence
of keel and the cornet-like aperture.
RHODINA PERAKENSIS, De Morgan, L.c.
Shell cylindrical, fragile, horny, yellow, with 10 regularly in-
creasing whorls very regularly and distinctly striate, the suture
linear and well marked; the aperture triangular, oblique ;
peristome thin, not reflected.
Long. 25, diam. of last whorl 44, long. of aperture 5, lat. 3 mill.
Limestone rocks of Gunong Tcheura, near Ipoli, Kinta Valley,
under dead leaves.
BY THE REV, J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1053
Family CIONELLIDA.
16. GuessuLa, Albers, Helic. p. 194.
Shell ovate, oblong; thin translucent; spire pyramidal; apex
obtuse ; whorls numerous, last inflated ; columella short, arcuate,
abruptly truncate.
Fifty-nine species in India, Malayan region, and West Africa.
GLESSULA WALLACEI, Pfr.—Achatina wallacet (Electra), Pfr.
Malak. Bl. 1855, p. 168; Novit. Conch. I. p. 82, No. 140, pl. 22,
figs. 9-10; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 606.
Sarawak, Borneo,
G. SUMATRANA, von Mart.— Achatina sumatrana, von Mart.
Ostas. Zool. Il. pl. 22, fig. 5 = Cvonella sumatrana, von Mart.
Monats. Berl. Ak. 18th July, 1864, p. 527 = Achatina sumatrana,
Pir, Mon. Hel, VI. -p: 225.
Sumatra.
G, sAvANiIca, Reeve,= Achatina javanica, Reeve, Conch. Icon.
No. 79, pl. 17; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IIT. p. 493.
Java.
Family PUPIDA.
17. Pura, Lamarck, Syst. Anim. s. Vert. lst edit. p. 88.
Shell usually very small, cylindrical or oval oblong ; umbilicus
slight or a mere slit, striate, plicate or ribbed, brown or horn-
colour ; columella plaited or sub-dentate ; lip reflected, dentate or
plaited within ; peristome joined usually by a callosity.
Animal with a short foot, pointed behind, lower tentacles short ;
jaw smooth or finely striated, often with a superior appendage like
Succinea.
Radula resembling Helix ; the central and lateral teeth similar,
tricuspid ; marginals very short and denticulated.
1054 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
PupPA ASCENDENS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 528; (Anostomella), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 386, pl. 22, fig.
23; Pir: Mon; el. VI. p. 297.
Amboyna.
P. orcELLA (Pupisoma), Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLII. 1873,
pa od, plo, ng. 2: Pfr. Mon. Hels VIII. p: 358.
Penang.
P. moreteti, A. D. Brown, Jour. Conch. XVIII. 1870, p. 393
= Vertigo morelett, Issel, Moll. Born. p. 52=Pupa moreleti, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. VIII. p. 391.
Labuan.
P. matayana, Issel,—= Vertigo malayanus, Issel, Moll. Born.
1874, p. 53, pl. 5, figs. 30-32 = Pupa malayana (Vertigo), Pfr.
Mon. Hel. VIII. p. 404.
Borneo.
P. pALMIRA (SCOPELOPHILA), Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLII.
1873, p. 32; Pfr. Mon, Hel. VIII. p. 409.
Penang.
18. Hypsetostoma, Benson.
Ann. and Magaz. Nat. Hist. 1856, Feb. p. 130, also, Ap.
p. 342; H. and A. Adams, Gen. IT. p. 640.— Tanystoma, Benson,
le.
Shell convolute, conical, perforate, last whorl free, opening
upwards, protracted ; aperture trumpet-like and dentate ; peristome
horizontal, expanded.
Three species collected in Burmah.
HYPsELOSTOMA BENSONIANUM, W. Blanford, Contr. Ind. Mal.
IV. 1863, p. 8 ; Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. 1868, p. 437; Conch. Indica,
pl. 8, fig. 2; von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV. 1886, p. 306.
Perak.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1055
19. Crausitia, Draparnaud, Hist. Nat. d. Moll. terrest. et fluv.
pp: 24, 29, 68.
Shell fusiform, usually sinistral ; aperture elliptical or pyriform
with a posterior sinus contracted by lamelle closed when adult by
a moveable shelly plate (Clausilium); peristome continuous, reflected.
Animal with a short obtuse foot ; upper tentacles short, lower
small ; lung and reproductive orifices on the left side; jaw finely
grooved.
Radula like Helix, but both rows very numerous, sometimes as
many as 120 x 50. About 700 species, of world-wide distribution.
The peculiarity of the genus is the Clausilium, which is developed
in the adult state. The animal secretes an elastic calcareous
filament attached to the columella, round which it makes a half
turn. At the free end is a spoon-shaped lamina, smaller than the
aperture, but fitting it. Its elasticity enables the animal to push
it on one side when walking, and to use it as a door when within
the shell, securing it against intrusion.
CLAUSILIA MOLUCCENSIS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak.
Apr. 1864, p. 270; (Phaedusa), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 381, pl. 22,
fig. 19; Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 412.
Halmahera ; Ternate.
CL. PENANGENSIS (PHaxEDUSA), Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.
PUI S spans 2igspl ones, 4-6; Pir. Mon. itels VIM. p. 465.
Penang Hill.
CL. SUMATRANA, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. April, 1864,
p. 270 ; (Phaedusa), Ostas. Zool. II. p. 379, pl. 22, fig. 17 ; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. VI. p. 410.
Sumatra.
CL. HELDU, Kiist. p. 27, pl. 2, figs. 29-31=Cl. javana, Pfr.
Mon. Hel. II. p. 405.
Java.
67
1056 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Cu. gavana, Pfr. Symb. I. p. 49; Kiist. p. 26, pl. 1, figs.
26-28 = Cl. heldi, Kiist. p. 27, pl. 2, figs. 29-31 = Cl. javana,
Pfr. Mon. Hel. II. p. 405.
Java.
Cx. corticina, v. d. Busch, MSS.; Pfr. Symb. II. p. 60; Kiist.
p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 24-25; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IT. p. 404.
Java.
CL. BORNEENSIS, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 296 ; (Phaedusa),
Pir. Vers. p. 181 ; Mon. Hel. IV. p. 736.
Borneo.
CL. guNGHUHNI, Phil. in Kiist. Mon. p. 23, pl. 2, figs. 5-7 ;
Pir. Mon. Hel. II. p. 405.
Java.
Ci. corneA, Phil. in Kiist. Mon. p. 22, pl. 2, figs. 1-4; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. IT. p. 405.
Java.
CL. EXCURRENS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 18th July,
1864, p. 527; Ostas. Zool. II. p. 384, pl. 22, fig. 16; Pfr. Mon.
Hel. VI. p. 480.
Kepahiang, Sumatra.
CL. FinicostaTA (PHAEDUSA), Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.
XLII. 1873, p. 28, pl. 3, figs. 7-8; Pfr. Mon. Hel. VIII. p. 471.
Penang Hill.
CL. OBESA (PHAEDUSA), von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 380 (not
Pfr.) = Ci. obesa, Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 411.
Indian Archipelago.
CL. ORIENTALIS, v.d. Busch, MSS.; Pfr. Symb. II. p. 60;
Kiist. p. 25, pl. 2, figs. 17-19; Pfr. Mon. Hel. IT. p. 414.
Java.
CL. sCHWANERI, Herklots, Mus. Lugd. Bat. ; (Phaedusa), von
Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 382; Pfr. Mon. Hel. VI. p. 468.
Borneo.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1057
Ci. (PSEUDONENIA) FILIcosTaTa, Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.
XLII. 1873, p. 28, pl. 3, figs. 7-8; var. tenwicosta, G. Nevill,
Handl. Moll. Ind. Mus. 1878, p. 183; H. Crosse, Jour. Conch.
XXVIT. 1879, p. 337; O. F. von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV.
1886, p. 306.
Bukit Pondok, Perak.
“The few badly preserved specimens which Dr. Hungerford
found seem to justify Nevill’s classification of the Perak form as
a variety of the Penang Cl, filicostata.” O. F. von Mill. Le.
Family SUCCINEIDEA.
The shells of this family are thin, horny, oval, oblong ; spire
only slightly developed, mouth very wide, oval ; columella simple
not truncate, peristome with a thin edge.
20. Succinga, Draparnaud, Tableau Moll. pp. 32, 55.
Shell imperforate, thin, ovate or oblong ; spire small; aperture
p S > 5p > ap
large, obliquely oval ; columella and peristome simple, acute.
Animal large, tentacles short and thick, foot broad ; lingual
teeth like Helix. Inhabits damp places, but rarely enters the
water.
SUCCINEA BORNEENSIS, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851; Mon. Hel.
ULE jp. 2A:
Borneo.
S. TAYLORI, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851; Mon. Hel. III. p. 10.
Singapore.
S. suBpruGATA, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851; Mon. Hel. III. p. 10.
Borneo.
S. oBEsA, von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 387, pl. 22, fig. 21;
Pfr. Mon. Hel. V. p. 463.
East Java.
1058 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
S. eracizis, Lea, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1841, II. p. 31; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. II. p. 518.
Java (?).
S. minuta, Mouss. Zolling. in Peterm. Geog. Mittheil. 1864,
H. VIII. p. 303 (Nomen) ; Mart. Ostas. Zool. IT. p. 388; Pfr.
Mon. Hel. V. p. 464.
Bali.
Family CYCLOPHORID.
The Cyclophoride have heliciform shells with a circular
opening, and covered with a thick periostraca ; operculum cal-
careous or horny, spiral with numerous whorls.
Animal with long, slender, pointed tentacles, foot broadly
expanded, not grooved.
21. CycLotus, Guilding.
Conchological Papers, by L. Guilding. See Swainson, ‘Shells
and Shell-fish,” pp. 182 and 336.
Shell nearly discoid ; pillar none; spire scarcely raised; lip
thickened ; widely umbilicate; operculum shelly ; whorls numerous
with raised margins. 44 species, mostly tropical.
CycLOTUS HUNGERFORDIANUS, O. von Moll. Jour. As. Soc.
Beng. LV. 1886, p. 306.
Bukit Pondok, Perak.
C. (2) piscorpEus, Sowerby = Cyclostoma discoideum, Sow. Thes.
N. 60, p. 111, pl. 25, figs. 87-88 ; Chemn. 2nd edit. Cycl. No. 153,
p. 144, pl. 20, figs. 1-3 ; Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 50, pl. 20, fig. 10 =
Aperostoma discoideum, Pfr. in Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 104 =
Cyclotus discoideus, Gray, Catal. Cycloph. p. 8, No. 11; Pfr. Consp.
No. 36; Mon. Pneumon. Viv. p. 36.
Malang, Java.
©. opALInus, Mouss.= Cyclostoma opalinum, Mouss. Jay. Moll.
p. 51, pl. 5, fig. 12 Cyclotus opalinus, Pfr. Consp. No. 37;
Mon. Pneumon. p. 36.
Malang, Java.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1059
C. cornnicuLUM, Mouss.= Cyclostoma corniculum, Mouss. Jav.
Moll. p. 51, pl. 5, fig. 11 = Cyelotus corniculum, Pfr. Consp.
No. 40; Mon. Pneumon. p. 38.
Pardana, Java.
C. TAYLORIANUS, Pfr. Cyclostoma taylorianum, Pfr. Zeitschr.
f. Malak. 1851, p.7; Chemn. 2nd edit. Cycl. No. 285, pl. 38,
figs. 27-29, pl. 43, figs. 1-3 — Cyclotus taylorianum, Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. p. 40.
Sarawak, Borneo.
C. ROSTELLATUS, Pfr. Cyclostoma rostellatum, Pfr. Zeitschr. f.
Malak. 1851, p. 8; Chemn. 2nd edit. Cycl. No. 286, pl. 38, figs.
30-34 = Cyclotus rostellatus, Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 40.
Singapore.
C. tinpstept1, Pfr. Cyclostoma lindstedti (Cyclotus), Pfr.
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 391 = Cyclotus lindstedti, Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. Suppl. I. p. 24.
Mount Ophir, Malacca.
C. PTYCHORAPHE, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. II. p. 15.
Borneo,
C.(?) PARVULUS, von Mart. Malak. Bl. X. 1863, p. 85; Pfr.
Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. II. p. 17.
Ternate ; Tidore.
C. RETICULATUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 17.
Timor; Flores ; Adenare and Solor.
C. succinctus, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 17.
Timor.
C. LIRATULUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb. 1864;
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. II. p. 27.
Moluccas.
1060 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
C. BICARINATUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 27.
Ceram.
C. CARINULATUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl, Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. II. p. 28.
Buru.
C. PRUINOSUS, von Mart. Malak. Bl. X. 1863, p. 83; Pfr.
Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 34.
Animal black. Common in the islands of Molucca, Ternate,
Tidore, and Moti.
C. BATCHIANENSIS, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 28, pl. 3,
fig. 1; Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. II. p. 35; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
sp. 46, pl. 8.
Batchian.
C. LATISTRIGUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 35.
Borneo.
C. Frasciatus, von Mart., Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb. 1864 ;
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 35.
Celebes.
C. FULMINULATUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 16 Jan:
1865, p. 21; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. III. p. 27 = Cyelotus
politus, von Mart. Malak. Bl. XI. 1864, p. 141 (not Sowerby).
Celebes.
C. LONGIPILUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 16 Jan. 1865,
p- 51; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IIL. p. 28.
Maros, Celebes.
C. AMBOINENSIS (CycLostoma), Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl.
IIL. p. 32; von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 121, pl. 2, figs. 4-5 =
Cyclostoma amboinense, Pfr. 1852, = (1) Cyclophorus amboinensis»
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 82, No. 49 — Cyclophorus marmoratus,
Fér. Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 68 (Martens).
Amboyna; Ceram; Buru.
BY THE REV. J, E. TENISON-WOODS. 1061
22. OpistHoporus, Benson.
Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1851, p. 8; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Viv.
Suppl. LIT. p. 41; Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1851, p. 8; Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. Viv. Suppl. I. p. 25, IL. p. 36.
Shell depressed, orbicular, largely umbilicate ; aperture double,
with the external parts spread out; suture behind the opening
and furnished with a little open tube; operculum calcareous,
circular, rather thick, concave at both sides, multispiral, double ;
the internal side covered with a horny periostraca, the external
calcareous and rough ; columella margin concave.
OpisTHOPoRUS soLuTUS, Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLI.
1872, p. 266, pl. 10, figs. 8-10; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. ITI.
1876, p. 44; G. Nevill, Handl. Moll. Ind. Mus. 1878, p. 263;
H. Crosse, Jour. Conch. XX VII. 1879, p. 337.
Bukit Pondok ; Penang.
O. PENANGENSIS, Stol. I.c. 1872, p. 265, pl. 10, fig. 7; Pfr.
Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IIL 1876, p. 43; G. Nevill, Handl,
1878, p. 263; H. Crosse, Jour. Conch. XX VIT. 1879, p. 338.
Bukit Pondok ; Penang.
O. gavanus, Pfr. Malak. Bl. VII. 1860, p. 215, pl. 3,
figs. 8-10; Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. 1865, p. 37.
Nungnang, Java.
O. suMATRANUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. II. 1865, p. 37.
Sumatra.
(?!) O. spINIFERUS (CycLostomA), Morelet, = Cyclostoma spint-
ferum, Morelet, Jour. Conch. [X. 1861, p. 177 = Opisthoporus
spiniferus, von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 113; Pfr. Mon. Pneu-
mon. Suppl. ITI. p. 41.
Borneo,
O. pERTUSUS (CycLostoma), Morelet ; Issel, Moll. Born. p. 75 ;
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. III. p. 43=Cyclostoma pertusum,
Morelet, Jour. Conch. [X. 1861, p. 177.
Borneo.
1062 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
23. Prerocycios, Benson.
Jour. Roy. As. Soc. I. 1832 and V. 1836 ; Zoological Journ, V.
No. 20, p. 462.
Shell sub-discoid, largely umbilicate; aperture circular, the
external layer overlapping the inner and dilated posteriorly with
a distinct groove at the suture ; operculum thick, composed of
several spiral calcareous layers externally concave and horny
within.
A small genus characteristic of the Indian region.
Prerocycios aupersi, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 151 ;
Chemn. 2nd edit. Cyclostoma, p. 197, pl. 28, figs. 1-5; Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. p. 45.
Perak ; Kinta Valley (!), Selama (1).
Pr. Brevis (Liruus), Martyn, = Litwus brevis, Martyn, Fig. of
non-described shells, pl. 28¢; Ed. Chenu (Bibl. Conch. IT.) p. 21,
pl. 8, fig. 2=TZurbo petiverianus, Wood, Suppl. pl. 6. fig. 2 =
Cyclostoma petiverianum, Gray in Wood’s Suppl. p. 36 = Cyclos_
toma breve, Pfr. in Chemn. 2nd edit. No. 180, p. 166, pl. 24,
figs, 1-2 = Myxostoma petiverianum, Trosch. in Zeitschr. f. Malak.
1847, p. 44 = Pterocyclos brevis, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1851,
p- 9; Consp. No. 46; Mon. Pneumon. p. 42.
India ; Pulo Condor.
Pr. pLANORBULUS, Lamarck, = Cornu venatorium, Chemn, Cab.
IX. p. 104, pl. 127, figs, 1132-33 (?) = Cyclostoma planorbula,
Lamarck, Encyclop. Méth. pl. 461, fig. 3 = Cyclotus planorbulus,
Swains. Malacol. p. 336 = Pterocyclos planorbulus, Pfr. Censp.
No. 47; Mon. Pneumon. p. 43.
Java (1); Borneo (?).
Pr. TENUILABIATUS, Metc.; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 45 =
Cyclostoma tenuilabiatum, Metc. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851.
Borneo.
Pr. BLANDI, Benson, Ann. and Magaz. VIII. 1851, Aug. pl. 5,
fig. 1; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p, 49.
Pulo Susson.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1063
Pr. (?) SPIRACELLUM, A. Ad. and Reeve; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon.
p. 50 = Cyclostoma spiracellum, A. Ad. and Reeve, Voy. Samar.
Moll. p. 56, pl. 14, fig. 1; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 50.
Borneo.
Pr. LABUANENSIS, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863; Mon, Pneumon.
Suppl. II. p. 41.
Labuan.
Pr. Ltowianus, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863; Mon. Pneumon.
Suppl. II. p. 41.
Labuan.
Pr. SUMATRANUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Feb.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 42.
Sumatra.
Pr. BATCHIANENSIS, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 6, pl. 2; Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 43.
Batchian.
Pr. (?) EUDAEDALEUS, Crosse, Jour. Conch. XVII, 1869, p. 187;
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. III. p. 51.
Borneo.
24. SprracuLum, Pearson, 1833, Jour. R. As. Soc. II. p. 391;
H. and A. Adams, Genera, p. 278.
Shell depressed, sub-discoid, with a thick periostraca, which is
sometimes covered with small hairs; aperture circular ; at the
last whorl a sutural tube formed by the union of the outer layer
of the shell over the channel on the penultimate whorl. By most
authors this is regarded as a sub-genus of Pterocyclos.
SPIRACULUM (?) REGELSPERGERI, de Morgan, Le Naturaliste,
VII. 1885, No. 9, p. 69 (Cyclophorus) ; O. von Mollendorff, Jour.
As. Soc. Beng. LV. 1886, p. 308.
The last-named author says (l.c.) that the species is decidedly
not a Cyclophorus but a Pterocyclos, which might be related to
1064 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Pt. albersi, Pfr., on account of the curious canaliculated suture.
He adds: “De Morgan’s mention of a tube, and of the fine
membranaceous lamelle of the operculum to render its fitting
more hermetic, suggest a Spiraculum or Rhiostoma ;* but against
the inclusion in the latter genus, it may be mentioned that the
last whorl is not free.”
Environs of Lahat and Pappan ; Kinta Valley ; Larut.
I collected three specimens, one on the road between Lahat and
Goping, one at the mouth of the Diepang River, and one at
Pappan, all in Perak.
S. Krnranum, De Morgan, lc. 1885, p. 69 =Cyclophorus
kintanum, De Morgan, l.c.=Spiraculum kintanum, O. v. Moll.
Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV. p. 308.
Kinta Valley.
25. CycLtopHorus, Montfort, Conch. Syst. IT. p. 290.
Shell globose, turbinate or depressed and discoid, well umbili-
cated ; peristome entire, thick, double, and reflected ; periostraca
thick ; operculum horny, orbicular, thin, multispiral.
A large genus, which formerly included nearly 200 species,
but has now been sub-divided into several genera. Even after
this Pfeiffer enumerated about 250 species. They are principally
tropica! and Indian, but some of the species are particularly
characteristic of the Malayan region.
CYCLOPHORUS CONFLUENS, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 140;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 69, pl. 15; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl.
II. p. 60.
Borneo.
*It should be noted that in Chenu’s ‘‘ Manuel de Conchyliologie” the
genus is always written Registoma, possibly Van Hasselt’s genus, the
etymology of which is pyy7 and ordéua, but the derivation of Rhiostoma
is from €ov, a promontory.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1065:
C. BANKANUS, von Mart. Ostas. Zool. II. p. 135; Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. Suppl. ITI. p. 101.
Banka Island.
C. maLayaNnus, Benson,— Cyclostoma malayanum, Bens. Ann,
and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, X. p. 269 = Cyclostoma volvulus
(trochiforme, Lamarck), Souley. Voy. Bonite, Moll. pl. 30, figs.
18-21 = Cyelotus (?) trochiformis, M. E. Gray, Fig. Moll. Anim.
pl. 303, fig. 11 (ex Souley.) = Cyclophorus malayanus, Pfr. Malak.
Bl. 1854, p. 82; Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. [. p. 42.
Malayan Peninsula.
C. DEBEAUXI, Crosse, Jour. Conch. XII, 1864, p. 42; Pfr.
Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 62.
Singapore.
C. Tusa, Sow. = Cyclostoma tuba, Sow. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1343,
p- 83 ; Chemn. 2nd edit. Cycl. No. 183, p. 169, pl. 23, figs. 10-11 ;
Souley. Voy. Bonite, Moll. pl. 30, figs. 25-27 = Cyclophorus tuba,
Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 107; Consp. No. 68; Mon.
Pneumon. p. 57; Gray, Catal. Cycloph. p. 16, No. 3.
Mount Ophir, Malacca.
C. PFEIFFERI, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 11, pl. 3; Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. Suppl. IT. p. 64.
Pulo-Penang.
C. BORNEENSIS, Metc.—=Cyclostoma borneense, Metc. Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1851; Chemn. 2nd edit. Cycloph. No. 384, pl. 47, figs. 1-3 =
Cyclophorus borneensis, Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 63.
Borneo.
C. pERDIx, Brod. and Sow. =: Cyclostoma perdix, Brod. and
Sow. Zool. Jour. V. p. 50 = Cyclostoma variegatum, Val. Mus.
Paris = Cyclostoma aglae, Sow. test. Mouss, Jav. Moll. p. 54 =
Cyclophorus perdix, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 107; Mon,
Pneumon. p. 63.
Java.
C. zouuinceri, Mouss. = Cyclostoma zollingert, Mouss. Jav.
Moll. p. 55, pl. 7, fig. 2 = Cyclophorus zollingeri, Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. p. 64.
Java.
1066 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
C. CANTORI, Bens. = Cyclostoma cantort, Bens. Ann. and Mag,
Nat. Hist. 2nd ser, VIII. p. 168; Chemn. new edit. p. 383,
pl. 50, figs. 4-8 = Cyclophorus cantort, Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 65 ;
Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. I. p. 49; Gray, Cat. Phan. p. 44; H. and
A. Adams, Genera I]. p. 279.
Penang.
C. exturus, Mouss. = Cyclostoma eximium, Mouss. Jav. Moll.
p. 53, pl. 7, fig. 1; Chemn. 2nd edit. No. 227, pl. 33, figs. 1-2 =
Cyclophorus eximius, Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 69.
Java.
C. BELULUS, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 16 Jan. 1865,
p- 52; Issel, Moll. Born. p. 69; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IIT.
p. 106.
West Borneo.
C. ocuLus CAPRI, Wood, = Helix oculus capri, Wood, Ind.
pl. 32, fig. 7 = Cyclostoma oculus capri, Gray, Mus. Brit. ; Reeve,
Conch. Syst. pl. 184, fig. 11 ; Sow. Thes. No. 73, p. 115, pl. 25,
fig. 96 ; Chemn. 2nd edit. No. 18, p. 26, pl. 3, figs. 5-6; Mouss.
Jav. Moll. p. 52, pl. 6, fig. 2 = Cyclostoma raffles, Brod. and Sow.
Zool. Journ. V. p. 50 = Cyclostoma indicum, Phil. Abbild. I. 5,
p- 103, pl. 1, fig. 2— Cyclophorus oculus capri, Gray, Catal.
Cycloph. p. 20, No 23; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 87.
Java; Sumatra.
C. SEMISULCATUS, Sow. = Cyclostoma semisulcatum, Sow. Proc.
Zool, Soc. 1843, p. 62; Chemn. 2nd edit. No. 81, p. 86, pl. 11,
figs. 1-2 — Cyclophorus semisulcatus, Gray, Catal. Cycloph. p. 20,
No. 24; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. p. 88.
Malacca.
C. CHARPENTIERI, Mouss.= Cyclostoma charpentieri, Mouss. Jav.
Moll. p. 56, pl. 6, fig. 3; Mérch, Catal. Conch. p. 8 (sharpentiert),
pl. 1, fig. 6 = Cyclostoma involvuius, var.? Chemn. 2nd edit.
p. 30, pl. 8, figs. 10-12 = Cyclophorus sharpentiert, Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. p 89.
Java.
BY THE REY. J. FE. TENISON-WOODS. 1067
C. ranntatus, Pfr. = Cyclostoma taeniatum (Cyclophorus), Ptr.
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 301 = Cyclophorus taeniatus, Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. Suppl. I. p. 59.
Sumatra.
C. TENEBRICOsUS, Adams and Reeve, = Cyclostoma tenebricosum,
Ad. and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 57, pl. 14, fig. 6
= Leptopoma tenebricosum, Pir. Consp. No. 171 ; Mon. Pneumon.
p. 117 = Cyclophorus tenebricosus, Ad. Genera, p. 280 ; Pfr. Mon.
Pneumon. Suppl. I. p. 76, IT. p. 69.
Borneo.
C. BeLLus, von Mart. Malak. Bl. XX. 1872, p.1
Novit. Conch. IV. p. 126, No. 830, pl. 128, fig. 1
Pneumon. Suppl. IIT. p. 113.
Celebes.
C. meTcaLFEI, Issel, Moll. Born. 1874, p. 69, pl. 6, figs. 4-6;
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. III. p. 113.
Sarawak, Borneo.
DO); Pte:
0; Mon.
C. TROCHOIDES (LAGOCHEILUS), Stol. = Lagochetlus trochoides
Stol. Journ. As. Soc. XLI. 1872, p. 273, pl. 10, fig. 15 ;=Cyelo-
phorus trochoides, Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. ITT. p. 123.
Penang.
C. sTRIOLATUS (LAGOCHEILUS) Stol. = Lagocheilus striolatus, Stol.
Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLI. 1872, p. 271, pl. 10, fig. 16 = Cyelo-
phorus striolatus, Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IIT. p. 123.
Penang.
C. REGELSPERGERI, De Morgan, Le Nat. VII. 1885, No. 9, p. 69
=Spiraculum regelspergeri, von Millendoff, Jour. As. Soc. Beng.
LV. 1886, p. 308.
Environs of Lahat and Pappan, the Valley of the Kinta River,
Perak.
C. xintanumM, De Morgan, lc. 1885, p. 69=Spiraculum
kintanum, von Mollendorff, 1.c.
Kinta Valley, Perak.
1068 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
C. pexpansus, Pfr. (2) var. von Mollendorff, l.c. p. 309; G.
Nevill, Handl. 1878, p. 269.
Bukit Pondok.
C. tow1, de Morgan, l.c. 1885, p. 69; von Mollendorff, lc.
p- 309.
Kinta Valley ; Patani.
C. (Lagocuitus ?) TOWNSENDI, Crosse, Jour. Conch. XXVII.
1879, pp. 200, 339, pl. 8, f. 3=Lagocheilus, nu.sp. G. Nevill,
Handl. 1878, p. 282=Cyclophorus baylei, De Morgan, l.c. 1885,
p. 69 = Lagochilus townsendi, von Méllendorff, l.c. p. 309.
26. Lepropoma, Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 47.
A Cyclophorus with a thin operculum.
LEPTOPOMA ASPIRANS, Benson, von Mollendorff, l.c. p. 309.
Bukit Pondok.
27. Atycamus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850.
Shell conical or depressed, very deep sutures, last whorl much
swollen, constricted and twisted near the opening, which is round ;
peristome double, the outer plate reflected; operculum thin,
circular, calcareous, with numerous whorls.
ALYCHUS GIBBOSULUS, Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLI. 1872,
p. 268, pl. 10, fig. 14; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. ITI. p. 58.
Penang.
A. PERAKENSIS, Crosse, Jour. Conch. XX VII. 1879, pp. 206,
339, pl. 12. fig.7; von Mollendorff, Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV.
1886.
Bukit Pondok.
Crosse compares this with A. jagort, Mart., from Java. It is,
however, well distinguished from this latter by its large size,
bright yellow colour, the smaller number of its whorls, and its
spiral sculpture (von Mollendorff).
A. DIPLOCHILUS, von Mollendorff, l.c. p. 310.
Bukit Pondok.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1069
A. OLIGOPLEURIS, von Moll. l.c. p. 310.
Bukit Pondok.
A. Micropiscus, von Moll. Le. p. 311.
The peculiar distortion of the last whorl, which first descends
after the constriction, and is again deflected towards the aperture,
separates this minute species from all forms known (von Mdl-
lendorff).
Bukit Pondok.
A. PARVULUS, von MOll. lc.
Another minute form, still smaller than the last to which it
appears somewhat related. It differs, however, in the constriction
being nearer the aperture, almost regular last whorl, the broad
outer and very prominent inner peristome (von Moll.).
Bukit Pondok.
A. mMicroconus, von Moll. Le.
By the conical shape, the regular last whorl and the reticulate
sculpture this small species is very well distinguished from all
Indian Alyce.
Bukit Pondok.
A. JOUSSEAUMEI, De Morgan, Le Nat. VII. 1885, No. 9, p. 70;
von Moll. Le. p. 312.
Limestone hills of the valley of the Kinta, summit of Mt. Lano.
A. CHAPERI, De Morgan, l.c. p. 70, probably =A. gibbosulus,
Stol. Zta von Moll.
Penang ; Bukit Pondok.
Family DIPLOMMATINACEA, Benson.
(Including the genera Paxillus, Palaina, Arinia and Diplommatina).
28. Diptommatina, Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1849,
Sept. p. 193.
Shell sub-oval, with the slightest trace of an umbilical slit ;
peristome interrupted expanded ; operculum thin, between testa-
ceous and horny, with a projecting thin claw.
1070 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Shells belonging to the Indian region amounting to about 30
species, but some of uncertain position, which extend to New
Zealand, Lord Howe’s Island and Australia. The family may be
said to be represented partly in southern Asia and its islands.
Animal with long and filiform tentacles, with sessile eyes on
the posterior base ; foot short. The name of the genus refers to
two lobes on each tentacle at the base behind, on each of which
there is an eye. The species abound in masses of decayed
vegetable matter, or under stones in damp situations, and beneath
trees on the shady sides of mountains. I found a good many on
a dead tree which had been felled in the clearing of a coffee
plantation. At daybreak in the morning I generally found one
or two walking about. This was probably D. mirabilis. The
genus Paxillus is founded on a smooth reversed species from
Borneo.
DIPLOMMATINA ConcINNA, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872,
p. 13, pl. 3, fig. 22; Issel, Moll, Born. p. 77; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon.
Suppl. ITT. p. 74.
Borneo.
D. canaLicuLaTa, von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LY. 1886,
p. 312.
Bukit Pondok.
D. NEVILLI, Crosse, Jour. Conch. XX VIT. 1879, pp. 203, 339,
pl. 8, fig. 2 (Palaina) ; von MOll. l.c. p. 313.
Bukit Pondok.
D. crossEANA, Godwin-Aust. and G. Nev. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1879, p. 738, pl. 60, figs. 3, 3a.
Bukit Pondok.
D. mrrasiLis, Godwin-Aust. and G. Nev. lc. p. 739, pl. 60,
figs. 4a, 46; von Moll. Le. p. 313.
Bukit Pondok.
D. suPERBA, Godwin-Aust. and G. Ney, l.c. p. 739, pl. 60,
tigs. 5, 5a (Palaina).
Bukit Pondok.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1071
29. OpistHostomA, Crosse and Nevill, Jour. de Conch. XXVIIT.
S79, pp: 197, 205, 339.
Shell with the upper whorls obliquely deflected ; last whorl
constricted, thin, inflated, finally sinistrally ascending close to
the upper whorls ; aperture reversed, almost vertical, rounded ;
peristome continuous and duplicated ; operculum normal. Habitat
the same as the last genus. Scarcely a dozen species.
OPISTHOSTOMA PAULUCCIM, Crosse and Nevill, Jour. de Conch.
XXVII, 1879, pp. 197, 205, 339, pl. 8, fig. 1; Godwin-Aust. and
G. Nev. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 738, pl. 9, figs. 2, 2a, 26; von
Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV. 1886, p. 313.
Bukit Pondok.
O. PERAKENSE, Godwin-Aust. and G. Nev. Le. p. 738, pl. 60,
fies, Ile, 16; von Moll. lc. p. 313.
Bukit Pondok.
O. crEsPIGNY! (PLEcTostoma), H. Adams (Coll. 1.) = Plectostoma
De Crespignii, H. Adams, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser.
XV. p. 177 (Pfr. Mon Hel. V. p. 437)=Opisthostoma decrepigny?,
Paetel, Catal. p. 119 = O. crespignyi, Pfr, Mon. Pneumon., Suppl.
ITT. p. 68.
Labuan, Borneo.
Family PUPININA, Pfr.
30. Pupina, Vignard, Ann. Sc. Nat. Vol. XVIII. 1829, p. 440.
Shell sub-cylindric like Pupa, thin, transparent, smooth, very
shining ; mouth not quite round ; the columella margin with a
deep notch anteriorly and a tooth posteriorly ; peristome simple ;
operculum in all the family orbicular, thin, horny, with numerous
gradually increasing whorls from a central nucleus.
Purina arvata, Bens.; von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV.
1886, p. 314.
Perak.
68
1072 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
P. aARULA, Bens. ; von Moll. l.c.
Bukit Pondok.
P. auREOLA, Stol. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. XLI. 1872, p. 267,
pl. 10, figs. 11-12; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. III. p. 148.
Penang.
P. pFEIFFERI, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 416, pl, 21,
figs. 11-12—P. pfeifferiana, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869,
p- 275=P. pfeifferi, Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. III. p. 149.
Island of Batchian.
P. sUNGHUHNI (RuEGIstomaA), Herklots=Rhegistoma janghuhni,
Herk. Mus. Lugdun= Pupina junghuhni, Pir. Mon. Pneumon.
Suppl. IID-p. 151.
Java.
P. AMBOINENSIS (CALLIA), von Mart.=Callia amboinensis, von
Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 16 Jan. 1865, p. 53=Pupina ambot-
nensis, Pir. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IIT. p. 154.
Amboyna.
P. vescor, Morelet, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1862, p. 479 ; Crosse
and Fisch. Jour. Conch. XI. p. 372; Pfr. Mon, Pneumon. Suppl.
IT. p. 94.
Pulo Condor.
P. superBA, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 118; Mon. Pneumon.
Suppl. I. p. 94.
Sumatra.
31. Mecatomastoma, Guilding ; Swainson, Malacology,
pp. 186 and 336.
Shell cylindrical resembling Pupa, but has a horny operculum ;
spire not thickened ; teeth or fold on the pillar none.
MuGALOMASTOMA ANOSTOMA, Bens. Pfr. Malak. Bl. 1854, p. 89
=H. sectilabrum, Pir. Mon. Pneumon., p. 133 ; Chemn. new edit.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1073
p. 377, pl. 47, figs, 11-12; Gray, Cat. Phan. p. 93= anostoma,
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. I. p. 85.
Labuan, Borneo.
M. vereri, Morelet = Cyclostoma lefer’, Morelet, Jour. Conch.
IX. 1861, p. 176 =Megalomastoma lefert, von Mart. Ostas. Zool.
il. p. 154; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IIT. p. 138.
Borneo.
M. ports, Issel, Moll. Born. 1874, pl. 67, pl. 6, figs. 18-19 ,
Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. IIT. p. 138.
Sarawak, Borneo.
M. (CoprocHiLus) sEcTILABRUM, Gould; von Moll. Jour. As.
Soc. Beng. LV. 1886, p. 314.
Perak ; Larut ; Penang.
32. Hysocystis, Benson, 1859, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist.
3rd ser. IV. p. 90.
This remarkable and exceedingly interesting genus, which forms
one of the peculiar features of the terrestrial molluscan fauna of
the Malay Peninsula, deserves the fullest details in this list.
Fortunately its history as a species bas been well marked out by
M. P. Fischer in the “Journal de Conchyliologie’(X XV. 3rd series,
1885, p.- 180), an epitome of whose researches will now be given.
The genus was proposed by Benson in 1859 for a Burmese
shell which had been hitherto described as a species of MJegaloma-
stoma, and in its young stages as a species of Otopoma. Some
years before Dr. Gould, the American naturalist, had described
the same shell, for which he had proposed the generic name of
Pollicaria ; but as the genus was insufficiently defined, and
included species of different genera, Benson’s genus has been
preferred as complying with every condition of necessary exact-
ness.
The shell is ovoid and pupiform, but deviating from its axis
in the last whorls in the manner of certain species of Streptaxis.
The ante-penultimate whorl is much developed and flattened in
1074 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
front above the mouth, which is sub-circular and angular
anteriorly in young specimens, which also present a_ little
canaliculate prolongation, which is obliterated little by little
as the animal is developed, leaving when completely closed only
the appearance of a triangular area traversed longitudinally by a
linear scar, and leaving in that state a rounded double peristome.
Internal lip relatively less thick, deeper coloured, and more
shining ; external reflected, but not always perfectly united with
the inner. Operculum testaceous, somewhat thick, with a central
nucleus, and composed of two plates ; external face multispiral,
slightly concave in the middle; internal face few whorls, also
slightly concave in the middle ; margin with a feeble keel.
The foot is not divided as in the Cyclostomide, where there
are two longitudinal parts independent of each other for crawling
The animal is long, with a very thin mantle, whose anterior
border is simple and not papillose ; head and muzzle short, thick,
the latter grooved transversely on its upper face ; buccal orifice,.
when open, oval, and showing the extremity of the radula, but
when the mouth is closed it is a simple slit ; tentacles short,
thick, transversely striate, slightly constricted at the base, of a
uniform reddish color ; eyes at the external base well pigmented
and placed on short, obtuse, and slightly convex peduncles ; foot
thick, fleshy, wide, short, oval, obtuse, truncate in front, round
behind. There is a large pedal sinus in front, but no trace of
that longitudinal division which is common in the family of
Cyclostomide, but the foot is rather that of the family of
Cyclophoride. The upper part of the foot carries the operculum,
the adherence of which is circular, with an umbilicated non-
central projection, which corresponds to the nucleus of the
internal face, so that half the organ is free, like the genus
Cyclophorus. The sexes are distinct, the females being a little
larger in size. The mouth has two mandibular plates, brown,
chitinous, and solid, visible to the naked eye, but when magnified
displaying a facetted structure roughly hexagonal or rounded.
This may possibly be some arrangement connected with the eyes
of the animal, or a facetted eye-structure like that which exists
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1075
in the head of insects. All the Cyclophoridz have similar organs.
The radula has the following formula (2, 1, 1, 2)x66. It is
long, a little curved at the end, but relatively shorter than
amongst the most of the Cyclophoride. The teeth are in oblique
rows from the median line to the outer margin. The central
teeth are a little oblong, slightly constricted in the centre like an
hour-glass, and widely and roundly notched at the base. There
is a central wide, short, obtuse cusp, with the rudiment of a
lateral one. The first lateral teeth are larger, oblique, elongate,
with a narrow base, curving over outwardly on the summit in a
direction opposite to the other teeth. The free edge is bicuspid,
the outer short, wide, obtuse, the inner small and short. The
two marginal teeth are bicuspid, the internal cusp more feeble
than the external, which is triangular.
M. Fischer, in the “ Manuel de Conchyliologie,” p. 71, gives
his reasons for classing Hybocystis between Pupina and Cataulus,
but he admits that it differs from the majority of Cyclophoride
by its bicuspid marginal and lateral teeth, and the obtuse cusps
of the median tooth. These characters united to those of the
shell and of the operculum determine the genus. In the posi-
tion of Hybocystis Dr. Pfeiffer takes a different view, and places
it in the great family of Cyclostomacee, in the sub-family
Cyclotea. Stoliczka (Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 150) agrees
with M. Fischer.
The following is the explanation of the figures given in the
plate :—
Fig. 1. Animal of Hybocystis elephas, De Morgan, from a
female specimen preserved in alcohol. The head and foot are
shown in front—M, edge of mantle; T, tentacles; E, eye; F,
sole of foot.
Fig. 2. Male specimen of the same; head and foot shown in
front— M, mantle ; T, tentacles; E, eye; F, foot; V, verge.
Fig. 3. Same male specimen shown in profile from the right
side—T, tentacle ; B, buccal orifice ; F, foot; V, verge.
1076 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Fig. 4. Radula of do.-—A, central tooth ; B, lateral tooth ; C,
first marginal tooth ; D, second marginal tooth.
Fig. 54. Portion of one of the mandibular plates (very much
enlarged).
Fig. 58. Details of do., on a much larger scale.
Figures 1, 2, 3 are magnified two diameters.
Hysocystis ELEPHAS, De Morgan, Le Nat. VII. 1885, No. 9,
70; von Moll. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. LV. 1886, p. 314.
Perak.
H. soussEAuME!, De Morgan, l.c. p. 70; von Moll. le. p. 315.
~
p-
Valley of the Plus river.
Family HY DROCENID.
39. GEORISSA, Blanford, 1864.
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd series, XITI. 1864, p. 463 ; ibid.
4th series, III. 1869, p. 173.
Type Hydrocena pyxis, Benson.
Shell resembling that of Hydrocena, imperforated, small, conical,
amber or reddish-coloured, spirally sulcated or striated.
Animal furnished with hemispherical lobes in the place of tenta-
cles ; eyes normal ; foot short, rotund. Operculum semi-oval, no
spiral structure as in Helicina ; excentrically striated, testaceous,
transparent.
GEORISSA MONTEROSATIANA, Godwin-Austen and G. Nevill,
Proc, Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 739, pl. 59, fig. 6; von Moll. Jour. As.
Soc. Beng. LV. 1886, p. 316.
Bukit Pondok.
G. semMIscuLPTA, Godwin-Austen and G. Nevill, Le. p. 740,
pl. 59, fig. 3, 3a; von Moll. lc. p. 316.
Bukit Pondok.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1077
FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA.
Sub-order OPISOPHTHALMA.
Family TRUNCATELLIDA.
These animals have a distinct bilobed muzzle with flat sub-
triangular tentacles, and a sub-spiral horny opercuium.
1. TRUNCATELLA, Risso, Hist. Nat. de Europe, IV. p. 121.
Shell solid, cylindrical in its young state, truncated in the adult ;
whorls rounded; mouth oval; peristome complete, reflected ;
operculum horny, thin, with a lateral nucleus.
Animal furnished with a retractile bifid muzzle proboscis-shaped.
There are abont 15 species, tropical or sub-tropical, found in salt
and fresh water.
TRUNCATELLA VALIDA, Pfr. Mon. Auric. p. 184; Zeitschr. f.
Malak. 1846, p 182, No. 1; Kiist. Mon. p. 11, No. 7, pl. 2,
Hoare LO, 21.20.
Philippines, Baclayon, Capul, New Caledonia, and Malay
Peninsula.
Tr. MARGINATA, Kiist. Mon. p. 12, No. 8, pl. 2, figs. 24-26 ;
Pfr. Mon. Auric. p. 186.
Labuan, Borneo; Malacca.
Tr. auRANTIA, Gould, Exp. Sh. 1846, p. 39, Ed. 1851, pl. 8,
fig. 125 ; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. I. p. 6.
Mangsi Island, Borneo.
TR. SCALAROIDES, von Mart. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. 25 Febr.
1864; Pfr. Mon. Pneumon. Suppl. II. p. 7.
Amboyna.
1078 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Family MELANACE &.
2. MetaniaA, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Animaux s. Vertebres.
Shell more or less turreted, generally wrinkled or nodulous,
mostly covered with a black or olive epidermis ; spire elongated,
generally more or less eroded towards the apex ; columella smooth,
arched ; aperture ovate, entire, sometimes attenuately channelled
at the base ; lip simple.
Animal: disk short and slight; head proboscis-shaped, sub-
conical, truncated, with the tentacles distant and subulate, having
the eyes on the outer side and sometimes at the base, sometimes
more advanced ; mantle fringed ; operculum horny.
Univalve shells chiefly inhabiting the tropical rivers of India,
the Indian Archipelago and tropical North America. About 160
species have been described, but these are capable of great
reduction.
MeELAniaA FOEDA, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1850; Brot,
Mater. IIT. p. 33, pl. 3, fig.4; Brot, Melanidze, Conchylien Cabinet
Tsp.tbil.
Java.
M. aNGULIFERA, Brot, Mater. III. p. 32, pl. 2, fig. 9;
Melanidee, Conch. Cab. I. p. 51.
Java.
M. parva, Lea, Pachychilus parvum, Lea, Proc. Ac. Nat.
Sc. Philad. 1856 = Melania crassilabrum, Reeve, Conch. Icon. f.
221 = Paludomus cyanostomus, Morelet, Jour. Conch. 1864,
p. 288 = Melania parva, Brot, Melan. (Conch. Cab, I.) p. 55.
Sarawak, Borneo; Siam ; New Caledonia, (?)
M. suxtcospira, Mouss. Jav. Moll, pl. 9, fig. 3; Brot, Melan.
p. 56 = Sulcospira typica, Trésch. Gebiss der Schnecken.
Java.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1079
M. perFEcTA, Mouss. Jav. Moll. pl. 22, fig. 5; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. fig. 84 = Melanoides perfecta, H. and A. Ad. Gen.= Melania
perfecta, Brot, Melan. p. 79.
Amboyna; Maros, Celebes.
M. wattacet, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 66; Brot, Melan.
p- 80 = Wf. constricta, Mouss. MSS.
Celebes ; Macassar.
M. varraBitis, Benson, Jour. As. Soc. Calcutta, 1835 ; Hanley
and Theobald, Conch. Ind. pl. 109, figs. 2-6 = Melanatria varia-
bilis, Gray, Guide Syst. distrib. Welania herculea, Reeve, Conch.
Icon. fig. 4 a. &. = Melanoides herculea, H. and A. Ad. Gen.=
Melania variabilis, Brot, Melan. p. 85.
Java; Burmah.
M. suMATRENSIS, Brot, Melan. p. 87.
Sumatra, Java.
M. episcopatis, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850; (?) Reeve, Conch.
Icon. fig. 12; Brot, Melan. p. 97.
Malacca.
M. inFracostata, Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 65, pl. 10, fig. 3 (not
Reeve) ; Brot, Melan. p. 98 = UL. episcopalis, Lea, var. Brot,
Catal. of Rec. Mel. p. 280, No. 80.
Java.
M. BROOKEI, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 207 = UU. episcopalis,
Lea, Catal. Rec. Melan.— I. pontifcalis, v. d. Busch, Zeitschrift
f. Malak. 1853, p. 178 = UM. brooke’, Brot, Melan. p. 99.
Borneo.
M. acrestis, Reeve, Conch. Icon. f. 140 = M. coarctata,
Lam. var. Brot, Mater. IL p. 42 = I. agrestis, Brot, Melan.
p- 101.
Borneo.
M. crrcumsrriatTa, Mete. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p.73; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. fig. 205 = Melanoides cireumstriata, H. and A. Ad.
Gen. Melania circumstriata, Brot, Melan, p. 101.
Borneo.
1080 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
M. cLAVAEFORMIS, Brot, Melan. p. 103.
Borneo.
M. Torquata, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 1, fig. 18 ; Mouss.
Jav. Moll. pl. 12, fig. 2; Brot, Melan. p. 110 = 1, terebra, Reeve,
Conch. Icon. fig. 59; Hanley and Theobald, Conch. Ind. pl. 71,
figs. 8-9.
Java; Bengal.
M. sooLooEnsis, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 31; Brot, Melan.
p. 105.
Sulu.
M. ZOLLINGERI, Brot, Mater. IT. pl. 2, fig. 4, p. 42; Melan.
Pe abe
Java.
M. crenutata, (Desh.) var. TIROURI (Fér.); Desh. in Lam. An.
s. V. No. 18; Chenu, Man. Conch. fig. 1986 ; H. and A. Adams,
Gen.; Brot, Melan. p. 114.
Celebes.
M. cRENULATA (Desh.) var. porcaTa, Jonas, Zeitschr. f. Malak.
1844, p. 50; Phil. Abbildg. pl. 4, fig. 19; Mousson, Moll. Jav,
pl. 11, fig. 4; Brot, Melan. p. 114.
Java.
M. SEMICANCELLATA, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 3, fig. 2;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 376; Brot, Melan. p. 118 = mM. levis,
(Gray) Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 40 (not Gray) = IL. phlebotomum,
Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig, 105.
Java.
M. opesuLa, Brot, Melan. p. 121.
Java.
M. acuxteus, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Philad. V. pl. 19,
fig. 72; Hanley, Conch. Mise. fig. 33 = UM. latronum, Tarnier,
MSS.= I. subulata, Sow. Man. Conch. 313 = M. aculeus, Brot,
Melan. p. 122.
Java.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 108k
M. uniFormiIs, Q. and G. Voy. Astrol. pl. 56, figs. 30-35 ;
Desh. in Lam. An. s. V. No. 26; H. and A. Ad. Gen. ; Brot,
Melan. p. 124—I. fulgida, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 24—= M. baculus,
Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 130.
Menado, Celebes ; Philippines.
M. anturacina, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 3, fig. 3 ; Brot,
Melan. p. 127.
Java (2).
.M TEREBRIFORMIS, Brot, Mater. I. p. 51; Melan. p. 144 =
M. terebra, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 1, fig. 17 ; Reeve, Conch.,
Icon. fig, 46.
Java.
M. Turris, Brot, Mater. ITI. p. 38, pl. 2, fig. 11; Melan.
p. 146.
Borreo.
M. acicuLa, Brot, Mater. III. p. 39, pl. 3, figs. 8-9 ; Melan.
p. 154.
Labuan, Borneo.
M. semiorNATA, Brot, Rev. Zool. 1860, pl. 16, fig. 5; Melan.
pa LOO.
Java.
M. arcre-cava, Mouss. Jour. Conch. 1857, p. 161; Brot,
Melan. p. 165 = I. arcticava, Mouss. in Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Ho. fil.
Bajumatil, Java.
M. mouuccensis, Q. and G. Voy. Astrol. pl. 56, figs. 22-25 ;
Desh. in Lam. An. s. V. No. 24; Brot, Mater. ILI. p. 44, pl. 3,
fig. 3 (not Reeve, Conch. Icon.) ; Melan. p. 166 = Juga moluccensis,
(Q. and G.) H. and A. Ad. Gen.
Amboyna ; Halmaheira.
_M. monite, Mouss. Jour. Conch. 1857, p. 162; Brot, Melan.
pe Lis.
Java (?); Moluccas.
1082 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
M. ornata, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 1, figs. 15-16; Brot.
Melan. p. 173.
Java.
M. TrisTIs, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 121 ; Brot, Melan, p. 175.
Java.
M. FuLGuraNs, Hinds, Ann. Mag. N. H. XIV. p. 9; Reeve,
Conch.Icon. fig. 55 ; Chenu, Man. Conch. fig. 1993; H. and A.
Ad. Gen. ; Brot, Melan. p. 183.
Moluccas ; New Ireland ; Formosa.
M. LABUANENSIS, Brot, Mater. III. p. 41; Melan. p. 184.
Labuan, Borneo.
M. PAPUENSIS, Q. and G. Voy. Astrol. pl. 56, figs. 45-47 ;
Desh. in Lam. An. s. V. No. 27; Brot, Mater. III. p. 45; Melan.
p. 186.
Moluccas (?).
M. DISTINGUENDA, Brot, Melan. p. 190 = J. pyramus (Bens.)
Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 51 (not Bens. nor. v. d. Busch).
Borneo.
M. amasitis, v. d. Busch, in Reeve, Conch Icon. fig. 223 — M,
pulchra, v.d. Busch, Malak. Blit. 1858, p. 35 = IL. amabilis, Brot,
Melan. p. 192.
Celebes.
M. sussuTURALIS, Metc. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 73; Brot,
Melan. p. 197 = M. metcalfei, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 212.
Borneo.
M. pissuncra, Brot, Melan. p. 198.
Borneo.
M. INHONEsTA, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 4, fig. 5; (?) Reeve,
Conch. Icon. fig. 226 ; (!) Mousson, Jav. Moll. p.71; Brot, Melan,
p. 206 = M. ovalana, Mouss. Jour. Conch. 1870, p. 208.
Java ; Ovalau.
M. crepipinaTa, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 120; Brot, Melan.
p. 238.
Java; Borneo.
BY THE REY. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1083
M. savanica, v.d. Busch, MSS. (Philippi states that this is a
MS. name of van den Busch) ; Brot, Catal. Rec. Mel. No. 200 ;
Melan. p. 246 = I. coarctata (Lam.) Phil. Abbildg. pl. 4, fig. 20 ;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 22.
Java.
M. rupercutata, Mill. Verm. Ter. No, 378; Chemn. IX.
p. 189 ; Phil. Abbildg. pl. 1, fig. 19 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon, fig. 87 ;=
Melanoides tuberculata (Miill.), H. and A. Ad. Gen.— Melania
fasciolata, Lam. An. s. V. No, 16 = M. suturalis, Phil. Abbildg.
p. 4, fig. 17 = M. tuberculata, Brot, Melan. p. 247.
Siam ; Java; Malta; Madagascar; India; Ceylon, &c.
M. cyninpracea, Mouss, Jav. Moll. pl. 11, fig. 9; Brot,
Melan. p. 252 = Melanoides eylindracea (Mouss.), H. & A. Ad. Gen.
Java,
M. rontinatis, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 5, fig. 7; Brot, Melan.
p. 253.
Pulo-Pinang.
M. matayana, Issel, Moll. Born. p. 100; Brot, Melan. p. 253
— M. tuberculata, Miill. var. malayana, Issel, 1.c.
Sarawak, Tangiou-Datou, Borneo.
M. parreyssil, Brot, Melan. p. 254.
Java (?).
M. unirasciata, Mouss. Jav. Moll. pl. 11, fig. 8; Brot,
Melan. p. 262 = Melanoides unifasciata (Mouss.), H. and A. Ad.
Gen.
Malang, Java.
M. scasra, Mill. in Hanl. Theob. Conch. Ind. pl. 73, figs. 1-4 ;
Brot, Melan. p. 266 = Buccinum seabrum, Mill. Verm. p. 136,
No. 329 == Helix scabra, Chemn. Conch. pl. 136, figs. 1259-60 —
Melania spinulosa, Lam. An. s. V. No. 12; Q. and G. Voy.
Astrol. pl. 56, figs. 12-14; Mouss. Jav. Moll. pl. 11, figs. 11, 12
= Plotia scabra (Lam.), H. and A. Ad. Gen.; Chenu, Man.
Conch. fig. 1943.
Java; India; Ceylon; New Guinea, Xe.
1084 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA
M. cranum, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 1, fig. 7; Mouss.
Jav. Moll. pl. 12, fig. 3; Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 219; Brot,
Melan. p. 270 — M. serabella (Phil.), Mouss. Jav. Moll. pl. 12,
fig. 2 = Plotia granum (v. d. B.), H. and A. Ad. Gen.
Java.
M. myurvus, Brot, Rev. Zool. 1860, pl. 16, fig. 3; Melan.
pi 2ik
Java; Borneo (?).
M. acantruica, Lea, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1850; Hanley, Conch.
Mise. fig. 8; Brot, Melan. p. 278 = M. spinulosa (Lam.) Reeve,
Conch. Icon. fig. 156 a-b (not Lam.) = Zara acanthica (Lea),
H. and A, Ad. Gen.
Manila; Negros ; Moluccas.
M. rupicostis, Mouss. Brot, Melan. p. 280.
Amboyna.
M. prapema, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
fig. 174 ; Brot, Melan. p. 293 = Tiara diadema, H. and A. Ad.
Gen.
Philippines ; Amboyna.
M. cyseue, Gould, Proc. Bost. S.N.H. 1847: Mouss. Jour.
Conch. 1865, p. 199, 1870, p. 214 = Tiara cybele (Gould), H. and
A. Adams, Gen. = Z. crenularis (Desh.) H. and A. Ad. op. ¢. =
Melania cybele, Brot, Melan. p. 294.
Sumatra ; Fijis; Philippines.
M. serosa, Swainson, Quart. Jour. Sci. 1824; Gray, Zool.
Jour. I. pl. 8, figs. 6-8 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 186 ; Brot, Melan. .
p. 297 = Buccinum aculeatum, Lister, Hist. s, syn, meth. Conch.
pl. 1055, fig. 8 = Helix amarula, var. Chemn. IX. pl. 134, figs.
1220-21.
Amboyna.
M. ortenrauis, A. Adams (Plotea), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 99;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 181; Brot, Melan. p. 300— Tiara
orientalis (Ad.) H. and A. Ad. Gen. = Melania hippocastanum,
Brot, Rev. Zool. 1860, pl. 16, fig. 1.
New Caledonia ; Eastern Archipelago.
BY THE REY. J. £. TENISON-WOODS. 1085
M. WINTERI, v. d. Busch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 1, figs. 1-2; Mouss.
Jav. Moll. pl. 12, fig. 1; Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 157 ; Brot,
Melan. p. 301 = Plotea wintert (v. d. B.) H. and A. Ad. Gen. ;
‘Chenu, Man. Conch. fig. 1945.
Java.
M. HeERKLOTZI, Petit, Jour. Conch. 1853, pl. 7, fig. 10 ; Brot,
Melan. p. 303 = I. dura, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 187 — UU.
-strobilus, Reeve, op. ¢. fig. 214 = Plotea herklotz: (Petit), H. and
A. Ad. Gen.
Java.
M. rupis, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
fig. 172; Brot, Melan. p, 305; Mater. II. pl. 1, fig. 7 = M. miero-
stoma, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850; Hanl. Conch. Mise. fig. 58 =
Tarebia microstoma (Lea), H. and A. Ad. Gen.
Batchian, Moluccas.
M. semicostata, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 4, fig. 12; Brot, Melan.
p. 308 = Sermyla semicostata (Phil.), H. and A. Ad. Gen. =
Melania riquettc (Gratel.) Mouss. Jav. Moll. p. 76.
Samarang, Java.
M. armittata, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850; Brot, Mater. II.
pl. 1, fig. 12 ; Melan. p. 309 — Zarebia armillata (Lea), H. and A.
Ad. Gen.
Java (?) ; India,
M. cELEBENSIS, Q. and G. Voy. Astrol. pl. 56, figs. 26-29 ;
Desh. in Lam. An. s. V. No. 25; Brot, Mater. II. pl. 1, fig 13 ;
= Tarebia celebensis (Q. and G.) H. and A. Ad. Gen. ; Chenu,
Man. Conch. fig. 2014 = Vibex celebensis (Q. and G.) Gray, Guide
Syst. Dist. = Melania celebensis, Brot, Melan. p. 317.
Menado, Celebes ; Arrow Island.
M. cCRENIFERA, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. fig. 169 ; Brot, Melan. p. 323 = Tarebia crenifera (Lea), H.
and A, Ad. Gen.
Java,
1086 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
M. eranospira, Mouss. Jour. Conch. 1857, p. 161 ; Brot, Mater.
II. pl. 1, fig. 10; Melan. p. 324.
Bali.
M. corres, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 2, fig. 4; Brot, Melan. p 326
= Tarebia coffea, (Phil.) H. and A. Ad. Gen.
Java (1).
M. AsPERULA, Brot, Mater. IT. pl. 1, tig. 11; Melan. p. 327 —
M. semigranosa (v. d. B.) Mouss, Jav. Moll, p. 74.
Java.
M. wirata, Benson, Glean. of Sc. 1830, II.; Jour. As. Soe.
Beng. 1836, V. 782 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 170 = M lineata
(Gray), Hanl. Theob. Conch. Ind. pl. 71, fig. 7; Phil. Abbildg.
pl. 3, fig. 7; Mouss. Jav. Moll, pl. 10, fig. 6 = A. semigranosa,
v. d. Basch, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 1, fig. 13; Reeve, Conch. [con.
fig. 1, 67 = M. flavida, Mouss. Jav. Moll. pl. 10, fig. 5 = Tarebva
lineata, H. and A. Ad. Gen.= T. flavida (Dunker), H. and A.
Ad. Gen.= Melania lirata, Brot, Melan. p. 329.
Java; Bengal, &e.
M. riquettu, Gratel. Mém. plus. esp. Moll. pl. 3, fig 28 ; (?)
Hanl. and Theob. Conch. Ind. pl. 71, fig. 10; Brot, Melan.
p. 333 = M. harpula, Dunker, Phil. Abbildg. pl. 3, fig. 6 =
Tarebia riquettii (Gratel.), H. and A. Ad. Gen. Rec. Moll. =
Sermyla harpula (Dkr.), H. and A. Ad. op. cit.
Philippines ; Java (?).
3. CiavicER, Haldemann, Silliman’s Journal, 1842.
Sheil turreted, solid, with a series of longitudinal keels or
nodules ; aperture attenuated at the base, sub-canaliculate ; right
margin sinuous towards the base, produced in an arcuate manner,
furnished with three short and deep parallel plates ; operculum
few-whorled, sinistral, with a sub-marginal basal nucleus.
CLAVIGER HIPPOCASTANUM, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 188 ; Brot,
Melan. p. 360.
Borneo.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 1087
4, Faunus, Montfort, Conch. Syst. IT. p. 427.
Shell subulate, with an attenuated spire, whorls numerous,
smooth, covered with a blackish periostraca ; mouth notched in
front, columella lip rather thick, with posterior callosity ; outer
lip spreading with a posterior sinus.’ (Chenu, who figures the
common species here described, only admits it as a sub-genus of
Pirena). A tropical form with halt a dozen species at most,
belonging to tropical Asia, the Philippines, and Western
Polynesia.
Faunus cantori, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 2; Brot, Melan.
p- 414 = Pirena cantori, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig 2, China.
Penang.
F. ater, L. = Strombus ater, L. Syst. Nat. XII. p. 1213; Chemn.
pl. 135, fig. 1227 = Nerita atra, Mill. Verm. No. 375 = Cerr-
thium fluviatile, Féruss. Syst. Conch. p. 69 = Pirena atra (L.)
Mouss. Jav. Moll. pl. 10, fig. 1; Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 5 =
~ Faunus ater (L.) H. and A, Ad. Gen.; Gray, Guide Syst. Dist. ;
Chenu, Man. Conch. fig. 2080; Brot, Melan. p. 410 = Pirena
terebralis, Lam. An. s. V. No. 1; Q. and G. Voy. Astrol. pl. 56 =
Pirena picta, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 3 (stat. juv.)
Moluccas; New Guinea; New Ireland; Java; Ceylon; Am-
boyna, We.
5. Painoporamis, Layard, Ann. and Magaz. Nat. Hist.
1855, p. 138.
Operculum with the apex superior, paucispiral ; nucleus swb-
basal, dextral.
PHILOPOTAMIS OLIVACEUS, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 5; Brot,
Gatt. Palud. p. 16.
6. PaLupomus, Swainson, Treatise on Malacology, p. 540.
Shell thick, sub-globose or conical, solid, imperforate, smooth
or tubercular, covered with an olivaceous epidermis ; spire shorter
than the aperture, often eroded; aperture ovate; inner lip
convex, thickened ; outer lip acute, the margin slightly reflexed ;
operculum annular, nucleus sub-central.
69
1088 MALAYSIAN LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA,
Animal with the mantle margin fringed. Most of the species
from India and Ceylon.
Patupomus IsseLI, Brot, Gatt. Palud. p. 31—P. erassus,
(v. d. B.), Issel, Moll. Born. p. 95.
Sarawak, Borneo.
P. srott, Issel, Moll. Born. p. 92; Brot, Gatt. Palud. p. 32.
Sarawak, Borneo.
P. tureus, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 585; Brot,
Gatt. Palud. p. 46 = P. morelett, Issel, Moll. Born. p. 93.
Sarawak, Borneo.
Note.—The Bivalves are reserved for another paper.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATES XXVII-XXX.
Fig. 1.—Hybocystis elephas. Animal(?). See p. 1073.
Fig. 2.— S aH » (do). Seep. 1074.
Fig. 3.— x BB 5 Profile view.
Fig. 4.— 5 »» Radula. See p. 1075.
Fig. 5a.— “0 » Portion of one of the mandibular plates, very
much enlarged.
Fig. 56.— nb », The same, much more highly magnified.
(The above drawings are those of M. Fischer from the “‘ Journal de
Conchyliologie, xxv., 1885, p. 179.)
Figs. 6-7.—Shell of Bulimus perversus, L.
Figs. 8-9.—Shell of Hybocystis elephas, De Morgan.
Figs. 10-11.—Operculum of ,, us an
Fig. 12.—Bulimus sp. (?) (Borneo)
Fig. 13.—Cyclophorus sp. Thaiping, Perak.
Fig. 14.—Helix algira, L.
Fig. 15. —Alyceus gibbus, Férussac.
Fig. 16.—Pirena terebralis, Lamarck.
Fig. 17.—Helix citrina, L.
Fig. 18.—Cyclophorus sp. Pulo-Pankore, Perak.
Fig. 19.—WMelania episcopalis, Lea.
Fig. 20.—Nanina brookei, Adams & Reeve.
Fig. 21.— ,, sumatrensis, Mousson.
Fig. 22.— ,, mendaiensis, Semper.
Fig. 23.— ,, Augonis, Pfeiffer.
BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS, F.L.S. 1089
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MALAYAN LAND AND
FRESHWATER SHELLS.
Adams, H. and A. The Genera of Recent Mollusca arranged
acecording to their Organization. 2 vols. and 1 vol. plates.
London, 1858.
Adanson, M. Histoire Naturelle du Sénégal. Paris, 1757.
Albers, J. Chr. Die Heliceen nach natiirlicher Verwandtschaft
systematisch geordnet. Leipsic, 1860.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London, 3 series.
2 vols. annually.
Austen, H. H. Godwin. Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India,
1882.
and G. Nevill. Shells from Perak and the Nicobar Islands.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1879, pp. 734-740 (9 sp.)
Beck, H. Index Molluscorum praesentis aevi Musei Principis
Christiani Frederici. Hanover, 1837 (two parts only were
published).
Benson, W. H. Gleanings of Science.
In Ann. and Magaz. Natural History. [X. 1842.
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1096 NOTES AND EXHIBITS.
NOTES AND EXHIBITS.
Mr. Ogilby exhibited a specimen of a deep-sea fish (Chloroph-
thalmus nigripinnis), originally described by Dr. Giinther in the-
Ann. of Nat. Hist., 1878, and figured in Vol. XXII. of the
“Challenger Reports.” The original specimens were taken by the
“Challenger” naturalists off Twofold Bay, in 120 fathoms ; the
specimen exhibited to-night, was captured, a few days ago, off
Port Jackson in 70 fathoms, the only other occasion on which
the species has been met with since its discovery.
Mr. Ogilby also exhibited a photograph of Acanthias Blainvillii,
not hitherto recorded from New South Wales, and one of a variety
of Acanthoclinus littoreus, originally described by Forster in
Cook’s Voyage, the former having been taken in deep water off
Port Jackson, the latter under stones between tide marks at Lord
Howe Island.
Mr. Brazier exhibited a spherical stone about } inch in diameter,
tound in the crop of a Goura pigeon (G. Albertisi, Salvad.), from.
Hall Sound, New Guinea. Also a tube of fresh-water shells
(Segmentina australiensis, K. A. Smith) from Waterloo Swamps.
Mr. MacDonnell showed under the microscope an interesting
exhibit of Rotifers (Megalotrocha sp.), living in clusters on pond
weed.
Mr. Burnell exhibited two living Slow-worms (Z'yphlops nigres-
cens) from Wentworthville near Parramatta.
Mr. Deane exhibited a remarkable excrescence on a root of
Monotoca elliptica, found by Mr. J. F. Fitzhardinge in the neigh-
bourhood of Sydney ; a specimen of an apodal lizard (Delma
impar) found by Mr. C. F. Price of Arable, near Cooma, where
the species is said to be abundant in basaltic country ; and
examples of nodular masses enclosing fossils, occurring abundantly
in a slaty rock in a cutting near Bredbo on the Goulburn to Cooma
Railway.
WEDNESDAY, 291TH AUGUST, 1888.
The President, Professor Stephens, M.A., F.G.S., in the Chair.
The following gentlemen were introduced as visitors—Mr. J.
Dennant, F.G.S., Mr. G. Sweet, and Mr. F. G. A. Barnard of
Victoria ; Mr. J. C. Ross, B.Sc., F.G.S. of Bathurst, and Mr. CO.
A. Smith, F.C.S. of Sydney ; Mr. R. L. Jack, F.G.S., Queensland.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Messrs. H. 8. Rohu, Sydney, and Mr. Bourne, Anatomical
Museum, Sydney University, were elected Members of the Society.
The President announced :—
(1) That the Council had elected Mr. W. M. Bale, F.R.MLS.,
of Melbourne, a Corresponding Member of the Society.
(2) That two Excursions had been arranged for the ensuing
month :—
(a) September 15th—To Waterfall. Members to meet
at Redfern Railway Station to proceed by the
8:22 a.m. train.
(b) September 29th—To the Nepean River. Members
to meet at Penrith Railway Station on the arrival
of the 9 a.m. train from Sydney.
DONATIONS.
* Tllustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
at Harvard College. No. VII.—Revision of the Echini.” By
Alexander Agassiz. Five Pamphlets on Entomological Subjects,
by Herr J. Faust. From the Hon. W. Macleay, F.L.S., &e.
1098 DONATIONS.
Catalogue synonymique et systématique des Coléopteres de la
‘Tribu des Carabides.” Par J. B. Géhin ; ‘“Catalogus Coleopterorum
Lucanoidum.” Auctore, Major F. J. Sidney Parry, F.L.8., 3rd
Edition. From T. G. Sloane, Esq.
“ Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, London, 1888.”
Part 3. From the Society.
“The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.” Vol.
TIL, No. 2 (1888). From the Society.
“ Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de
Genéve.” Tome XXIX.—Seconde Partie (1886-87). From the
Socvety.
“ Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, pour |’Année
1888.” Vol. 1, Nos. 1-3; ‘‘ Bulletin.” Tome XIII., Nos. 4 and
5 (1888). From the Society.
“Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, for the year
1888.” Part I.; “Abstract of Proceedings, 19th June, 1888.”
From the Society.
“Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes.” No. 213 (July, 1888).
From the Editor.
‘‘ Bulletin de la Société Belge de Microscopie.” XIV. Année
No. 7 (1888). From the Society.
“ Records of the Geological Survey of India.” Vol. XXI.
Part 2 (1888). From the Director.
“ T?Académie Royale de Copenhague — Bulletin pour 1887.”
No. 3; “ Bulletin pour 1888.” No. 1. From the Academy.
“ Zoologischer Anzeiger.” XI, Jahrg. Nos. 282 and 283 (1888).
From the Editor.
DONATIONS. 1099
“Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.” Nos. II. and
TI. (1888) ; “Journal,” n.s. Vol. LVI,’ Part 1., No. 41887);
Vol. LVIL., Part ii., No. 1 (1888). From the Society.
Monatliche Mittheilungen des Naturwissenschaftl. Vereins des
Reg.-Bez. Frankfurt.” Jahrg. V., Nos, 9-12 (Dec., 1887—March,
1888) ; ‘‘Societatum Litterae, 1887.” No. 12 (Dec.); “ 1888.”
Nos. 1-4 (Jan.—April). From the Society.
“ Tconography of Australian Species of Acacta and Cognate
Genera.” Decades [X.-XJ. By Baron Ferd. von Mueller,
K.C.M.G., M. and Ph.D., FL.R.S. From the Premier of Victoria
through the Librarian, Public Inbrary, Melbourne.
“ Catalogue of Books added to the Radcliffe Library, Oxford
University Museum, during the year 1887 ;” “ List of Donations
(1887.”) From the Library.
“The Victorian Naturalist.” Vol. V., No, 4 (August, 1888).
From the Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria.
“Report of the Committee of Management of the Techno-
logical, Industrial, and Sanitary Museum of New South Wales for
1887.” From the Curator.
Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society
of South Australia.” Vol. X. (1886-87). From the Society.
‘“ Mémoires et Publications de la Société des Sciences, des Arts
et des Lettres du Hainaut.” IVe. Série. Tomes IX. et X. (1887-
1888). rom the Society.
‘Catalogue of the Minerals and Rocks in the Collection of the
Australian Museum;” ‘“ Catalogue of Mammalia in the Collection
of the Australian Museum.” By G. Krefft, F.L.S., &e. (1873).
From Edward R. Deas Thomson, Esq.
1100 DONATIONS.
“‘ Bulletin of the American Geographical Society.” Vol. XX.,
No. 2 (1888). From the Soctety.
“The Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery.” Vol.
1X,, No. 3 (1888). From the Editor.
“ Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard
College, Cambridge, U.S.A.” Vol. XIII., No. 9 (1888). From
the Curator.
“The Australasian Journal of Pharmacy.” Vol. IIL, No. 32
(August, 1888). From the Editor.
“The American Naturalist.” Vol. XXIT. No. 257 (May 1888).
From the Editors.
“ Société Royale Malacologique de Belgique—Procés-Verbal.”
(July-Dec., 1887). From the Society.
“ Australian Museum, Sydney—Report of the Trustees for
1887;” “Catalogue of Fishes—Part I. Recent Palsichthyan
Fishes.” By J. D. Ogilby, F.L.S. From the Trustees.
PL, 2
P.L.S.N.S.W. (24 Ser) Vor.3
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P.L.S.N.S.W. (274 Ser.) Vor.3 PL.28
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P.L.S.N.S.W.(2°S Ser) VoL. 3 PL.30.
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