MANITOBA
Landmarks
and
Red Letter Days
1610 to 1920
Copyright, Canada, 1920
Holly S. Seaman
WINNIPEG, MANITOBA
OLDTIMERS
"A" Prehistoric Period
One Prairies
T
HESE are the gardens of the desert, thece
The unshorn fields, boundless and beautiful,
For which the speech of England has no name;
The Prairies. I behold them for the first
And my heart swells, while the dilated sight
Takes in the encircling vastness. Lo! they stretch
In airy undulations, far away,
As if the ocean, in its gentlest swell,
Stood still, with all his rounded billows fixed
And motionless for ever. Motionless!
No, they are all unchained again. The clouds
Sweep over with their shadows, and, beneath,
The surface rolls and fluctuates to the eye;
Dark hollows seem to glide along, and chase
The sunny ridges.
Breezes of the South!
Who toss the golden and the flame-like flowers,
And pass the prairie-hawk, that, poised on high,
Flaps his broad wings, yet moves not! ye have played
Among the palms of Mexico, and vines
Of Texas, and have crisped the limped brooks
That from the fountains of Sonora glide
Into the calm pacific, have ye fanned
A nobler or a lovelier scene than this?
Man hath no part in all this glorious work:
The hand that built the firmament hath heaved
And smoothed these verdant swells, and sown their
slopes
With herbage, planted them with island groves,
And hedged them round with foresta. Fitting floor
For this magnificent temple of the sky,
With flowers whose glory and whose multitude
Eival the constellations! The great heavens
Seem to stoop down upon the scene in love;
A nearer vault, and of a tenderer blue,
Than that which bends above the eastern hills.
(5)
WAPITI
MOOSE
MORE OLDTIMERS
As o'er the verdant waste I guide my steed,
Among the high, rank grass that sweeps his sides,
The hollow beating of his footsteps eeems
A sacrilegious sound. I think of those
Upon whose rest he tramples. Are they here,
The dead of other days? And did the dust
Of these fair solitudes once stir with life,
And burn with passion? Let the mighty mounds
That overlook the rivers, or that rise
In the dim forest, crowded with old oaks,
Answer.
A race that long has passed away
Built them; a disciplined and populous race
Heaped, with long toil, the earth, while yet the Greek
Was hewing the Pentelicus to forms
Of symmetry, and rearing on its rock
The glittering Parthenon. These ample fields
Nourished their harvests, here their herds were fed,
When haply by their stalls the bison lowed,
And bowed his maned shoulder to the yoke.
All day this desert murmured with their toils,
Till twilight blushed, and lovers walked and wooed
In a forgotten language, and old tunes,
From instruments of unremembered form,
Gave the soft winds a voice.
The red man came,
The roaming hunter tribes, warlike and fierce,
And the mould-builders vanished from the earth.
The solitude of centuries untold
Has settled where they dwelt. The prairie-wolf
Hunts in their meadows, and his fresh-dug den
Yawns by my path. The gopher mines the ground
Where stood their swarming cities. All is gone;
All, — save the piles of earth that hold their bones;
The platforms where they worshipped unknown gods;
The barriers which they builded from the soil
To keep the foe at bay, till o'er the walls
The wild beleaguers broke, and, one by one
The strongholds of the plain were forced, and heaped
With corpses.
The brown vultures of the wood
Flocked to these vast uncovered sepulchres,
And sat, unscared and silent, at their feast.
(Abbreviated.) WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT.
(7)
Period of Discovery, Exploration
and tKe Fur Companies
1607
May 1st. — Henry Hudson sailed from Gravesend, hoping to accomplish
the circumnavigation of Greenland.
June 13. — Hudson sighted the eastern shore of Greenland.
July 14th. — -Boats went ashore from Hudson's ship.
Sept. 15th. — Hudson reached Tilbury Docks, England, having failed in
his attempt to sail around Greenland.
1609
April 6th. — Henry Hudson, prevented by ice-floes from effecting his
objective, turned south, discovered the river which bears his name.
May 19th. — Robert Juet on board Hudson's ship the ''Half Moon" the
first man to discover a spot on the sun.
Sept. 22nd. — Hudson's boats ascended the Hudson River as far as the
site of Albany, New York.
Nov. 7th. — Hudson's "Half Moon" reached Dartmouth.
1610
April 17th. — Henry Hudson sailed out of the Thames in the "Discov-
ery" with "three and twentie persons."
May — Hudson reached Iceland.
June —Hudson left Iceland for Greenland.
June 15th. — Hudson off Greenland saw the land Davis called "Desola-
tion."
July 5th. — Hudson sighted the eastern shore of Ungava Bay.
Aug. 3rd. — Hudson turned his ship into the eastern side of that great
inland sea that bears his name.
Aug. 4th. — Hudson decided to sail south between the eastern shore
and "The Sleepers."
Sept. 10th. — Robert Juet, first mate, deposed for mutiny, and Robert
Bylot made first mate in his stead.
Nov. 1st. — Hudson brought the "Discovery" aground in Rupert Bay.
(8)
HENRY HUDSON
Nov. 10th. — Hudson's ship frozen in.
Nov. llth. — Hudson and his men went ashore at
Rupert's Bay.
1611
June 18th. — Hudson sailed from Rupert's Bay on
the homeward voyage.
June 21st. — Captain Henry Hudson bound by his
mutinous crew and with eight others lowered
into a small boat and cut adrift in the great
Northern sea, which thus probably became
his grave and has certainly become his mon-
ument, to tell his achievement while men sail
upon the seas. HENRY HUDSON
1612
April 15th.(?) — With two ships, the "Discovery" and the "Resolution,"
furnished by The Company of the Merchants of London, Discov-
erers of the North-West Passage, Captain Thomas Button sailed
for Hudson's Bay.
Aug. 15th. — Captain Thomas Button the first to enter and name the
Nelson River. Button's patrons and particulary King James I.
were ' ' so confident of the success of this expedition in the discov-
ery of the North-West Passage that the King himself gave Button
a "Letter of Credence" which he was to present to 'the Emperor
of Japan or any other eastern potentate with whom he might
come in contact."
Aug. 27th. — Button laid up for the winter in Root Creek, an estuary
of the Nelson,
1613
July 7th. — Captain Thomas Button raised a cross upon which he nailed
boards, bearing an inscription recording his arrival at this point
and his present favorable circumstances.
1615
March —Captain Robert Bylot and William Baffin in the "Dis-
covery" sailed for Hudson's Bay.
1616
Aug. 30th. — Bylot and Baffin reached Dover, after the most successful
voyage to date in the North-Western seas.
1619
May 16th. — Jens Munck, under the patronage of King Christian IV of
Denmark, with two ships, the "Unicorn" and the "Lamphrey,"'
sailed from Copenhagen in search of the North-West Passage, with
sixty -five persons in the expedition.
Sept. 5th. — The "Unicorn" of the Jens Munck expedition ran into an
inlet which is now known as Churchill Harbor where the "Lam-
phrey" joined her four days later. This expedition named the
place "The River of Strangers."
(10)
Dec. 25th. — Christmas Day iii Jens Mmick camp, Churchill Bay. "Had
a sermon and an offering. Not much money, but white fox skins
to line the Priest's coat."
1620
Jany. 25th. — The Cannon used by Jens Muiick, in firing minute guns
for the funeral of Hans Brock, the mate, who died on 23rd, ex-
ploded because of the frost.
Feby. 20th. — The Priest with the Jens Muiick expedition died.
April 14th. — "Only four able to sit up and listen to the sermon which
I read." (From Jens Munck's diary.) Easter Sunday.
June 18th. — Jens Munck and his two companions (all there were left
of the 65 who sailed from Copenhagen) were able to get on board
the ship after sucking roots for some days.
July 16th. — Jens Munck and two companions set sail for Copenhagen
in the "Lamphrey. "
Sept. 20th. — Capt. Jens Munck brought two of his original company in
safety to harbor in Norway.
1631
May 5th. — Captain Thomas James for Bristol Merchants* sailed and
explored the South-East shore of Hudson's Bay. Wintered there
in the "Henrietta-Maria."
Aug. llth. — Captain James reached Churchill Harbor.
Aug. 15th. — Captain Luke Foxe in the "Charles" re-erected Thomas
Button's cross and record boards at Port Nelson.
Aug. 29th. — Captain Foxe overhauls Captain James at Winisk River.
Captain James entertains Captain Foxe on the "Henrietta Maria."
Sept. 2nd. — Captain Foxe reached the south-easternmost point of
Hudson's Bay proper.
Sept. 3rd. — Captain James at the point occupied by Foxe the day
before.
Oct. 31st. — Captain Luke Foxe anchored in the Downs after a success-
ful voyage to the Northern seas.
Nov. 30th. — Captain Thomas James wintered on Charlton Island, S.E.
corner of Hudson's Bay.
1632
July 3rd. — Captain James left his winter quarters to continue his ex-
plorations, but was so hampered by ice floes that he set his course
for England, on Aug. 25th.
Oct. 22nd. — Captain James after a winter of great hardships returned
to Bristol.
1667
While King Charles II. of England is established at Oxford
where he has fled for safety from the ravages of the Great Plague
he is waited upon and entertained by stories of the great possi-
bilities in Furs, by two enthusiastic promoters, Pierre Esprit
Radisson, and Medard Chouart, Sieur de Groseilliers.
* "Records of The Fellowship, Society or Company (as it is variously called) of Mer-
chant Venturers of Bristol are discoverable as early as 1314" and the Company
is still in active operation.
(11)
1668 (?)
June 3rd. — The "Eaglet," Captain Staimard, master, and the "Non-
such," Captain Zachariah Gillam, master, in command of Medard
Chouart and Pierre Radisson under the patronage of the King;
his brother James, Duke of York; and "Dear Cousin Rupert;"
sailed out of the Thames bound for Hudson's Bay. The "Eaglet"
was forced to return.
Sept. 29th. — The "Nonsuch," Captain Gillam, Chouart, anchored at
Rupert Bay. Here they built three or four log huts and enclosed
them with a palisade, and named it Fort Charles.
1669
Radisson made another start for Hudson's Bay in a ship (the
"Waveno") furnished by the Admiralty, but he was too early and
had to put back in Gravesend. Here had just landed the "Non-
such" with the greatest collection of furs
Englishmen had ever seen.
1670
May 2nd. — Charter issued by King Charles II. to
"The Governor (Prince Rupert) and Company
of Adventurers of England trading into
Hudson's Bay," by writ of the privy seal
and stipulating that the territory be hence-
forth known as "Rupert's Land."
1671
Jan. 24th. — The first auction sale of
furs in London.
1672
Vlay 22nd. — Father Charles Albanel
with St. Simon and La Coutre
left Quebec to ascend the Sague-
nay on their way to Hudson's
Bay.
June 28th. — Father Albanel and party
reach James' Bay, the first white
men to make the overland jour-
ney from Quebec.
July 23rd. — Father Albanel back at
Quebec from his overland jour-
ney to James' Bay.
1675
ARMS OF CHARLES II.
PRINCE RUPERT
First Governor of Hudson's Bay
Company : May 2nd, 1670
Sept. 25th.— The "Shaftsbury Pink" and the "Prince Rupert" from
Hudson's Bay reached the Thames. On board the latter, was the
Priest taken prisoner by the "Co." at Rupert River.
(12)
1682
May 15th. — The Hudson's Bay Co. at London office issued instructions
to Governor Bridgar at Fort Nelson, to arrange for the explora-
tion of the interior.
June 21st. — Ben Gillam, son of Capt. Gillam of the "Prince Rupert,"
with John Outlaw from Boston at the expense of the Company
of the North (French) landed at Port Nelson in an attempt to
divide the spoil, with the Hudson's Bay Co.
August — John Bridgar, governor of West side Hudson's Bay, arrived
at Port Nelson on board the "Prince Rupert," Capt. Gillam.
1683
July llth. — Radisson and Chouart sailed from Acadia for Hudson's
Bay, in two ships.
Aug. 14th. — Radisson at the mouth of the Hayes River in the employ
of the Company of the North to dispute the Hudson's Bay
Company's monopoly.
Oct. — Radisson having sailed up the Hayes some miles found Gover-
nor Bridgar who was completely taken by surprise. Radisson
claimed the territory for France and the trade for the Co. of the
North.
Dec. 8th. — Radisson reached France.
1684
April 24th. — The date set by the French Court for Radisson to be
ready to sail for Hudson's Bay.
May 10th. — Radisson landed in London, was taken to Windsor where
he took the oath of fealty as a British subject.
May 17th — Radisson on board the "Happy Return" Captain Bond;
with the "Success" Captain John Outlaw and the "Adventure"
Captain Geyer; sailed from London for Port Nelson.
Sept. 4th. — With a great cargo of furs, a final council of all hands, on
board the "Happy Return," called by Governor Phipps; the
French and English were deep in council when someone dis-
covered, they were off for England.
Oct. 23rd. — The "Plappy Return," Governor Phipps, Radisson and
the French prisoners on board sailed into Portsmouth.
1685
Mar. 22nd. — A Meeting of Directors of the Hudson's Bay Coy. order-
ed instructions to Governor Sargeant to raise wages of those at
interior exploration work to £30.
April 2nd. — Upon the ascension of James, Duke of York to the throne,
Lord John Churchill was elected Governor of The Hudson's Bay
Co.
May llth. — Radisson executed a bond for £2,000 to carry out his
covenants with the Co.
Oct. 27th. — Capt. Bond, on board the "Success," reached London,
with a French prisoner sent home by Governor Sargeant as a spy.
(13)
Oct. 30th. — The first blood spilt, between the English and French, on
Hudson's Bay, is reported by Captains Bond and Lucas, as well
as the loss of Captain Hume's ship, the "Perpetuna," destroyed
by the French, with Mike Grimmingtoii and Richard Smithsend
prisoners in the hands of the French.
Nov. 4th. — Mons. Pere examined at a meeting of the Co. in London.
Nov. 17th. — Pierie Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de La Verendrye, born
at Three Rivers, Quebec.
1686
June 18th. — Pierre de Troyes, after going up
the Ottawa with one hundred men, crossed
the wilderness to Hayes River, captured
the Fort at that point just before mid-
night.
June 27th. — Pierre de Troyes left Moose Fac-
tory on a raft for Rupert House.
July 1st. — Fort Rupert coptured by de Troyes.
Aug. 1st. — de Troyes in sight of Fort Albany.
Aug. 5th. — Under-Factor Dixon, unknown to
Sargeant at Albany, ran up on the outlook
and hung out a sheet. While Sargeant and
de Troyes were parleying, the French ransacked the fort and
found 50,000 crowns worth of furs but only one bowl of meal.
A fortune in furs but not a morsel to eat.
Aug. 8th. — Nelson the only Post of the Hudson's Bay Co. on which
the St. George's Cross was fluttering.
COAT-OF-ARMS
Hudson's Bay Co.
1688
The first Fort Prince of Wales, built at Churchill Harbor.
1690
Sept. 8th. — Governor Geyer, at Nelson, reports that Henry Kelsey
had started on an expedition to the country of the Assiniboines.
Oct. 1st. — The Deputy Governor of the Hudson's Bay Co. waited
upon the King and presented him with the dividend of £300, and
kissed the King's hand.
1691
July 5th. — Henry Kelsey gave receipt for supplies for an inland
journey.
1693
This year with help from the Admiralty Department the Hud-
son's Bay Co. were able to recover all their forts on the Hudson's
Bay.
1694
Aug. 10th. — Le Moyne d'Iberville sailed for Hudson's Bay from Que-
bec with two boats.
(14)
Sept. 4th. — d'Iberville with one ship, sank the "Hampshire," chased
the "Dehring" and compelled the "Hudson's Bay" to strike
colors in Hudson's Bay, thereby gaining the mastery of the Bay.
Sept. 24th — d'Iberville unloaded his cannon from the "Pelican" un-
der Fort Nelson.
Oct. 14th. — Governor Walsh after a bombardment lasting nearly three
weeks ordered the white flag raised.
1695
July 20th. — d'Iberville sailed from Hudson's Bay for France.
The Hudson's Bay Co., with naval aid, recaptured all their
forts except Nelson.
Hudson's Bay Company Coins — Values: 1, %, !/2, J4 Beaver Skins
1696
Aug. 26th. — The Hudson's Bay Co. by means of four ships, two Navy
and two Hudson's Bay Co., recovered Fort Nelson from the
French and carried the garrison to England.
1697
April 7th. — Five ships leave France to be placed under command of
Le Moyne d'Iberville at Newfoundland for an expedition to
Hudson's Bay.
July 8th. — d'Iberville sails from Newfoundland with his little fleet.
Aug. 23rd. — Radisson, at a meeting of the Hudson's Bay Co. in Lon-
don, makes "affidavit" why he went back to the Hudson's Bay
Co. Another affidavit as to the sailings of the "Eaglet," "Non-
such" and "Waveno."
Aug. 25th. — d'Iberville, when the fog lifted, saw to his amazement,
his ship, the "Profound," in the midst of three English men-of-
war, but secured its safety.
Sept. 3rd. — d'Iberville in sight of Port Nelson.
Sept. 5th. — In a spirited contest between four ships of England and
five French, no victory resulted on either side.
Sept, 12th. — Serigny d'Iberville, brother of Le Moyne, entered the
council chamber of Fort Nelson and demanded surrender of the
Fort. Upon negotiations in which Governor Bailey secured some
concessions, surrender was effected.
Sept. 20th. — Albany, the only Hudson's Bay post flying St. George's
Cross, by the Treaty of Ryswick.
Oct. 26th. — Mike Grimmington with his ship and some of the refugees
from Fort Nelson (now York Factory) reached the Thames.
Dec. — It is still a mystery how ,Governor Walsh reached London
from Fort Nelson.
H5)
1702
June 2nd. — A scarlet coat with lace, presented by the Hudson's Bay
Co. to Ne-pa-nah-tay, an Indian Chief brought to London by
Captain Grimmington.
1703
Nov. 5th. — A little Indian girl brought to England by Captain Mike
Grimmington is turned over to Captain Knight to see that proper
care is taken of her.
1704
The French made an attempt to capture Fort Albany but were
repulsed by Captain Barlow who was in command of the Fort.
1707
May 1st. — Legislative Union of England and Scotland effected.
1710
Mar. 29th. — The last quarterly instalment of Radisson's salary during
his life was paid.
July 12th. — Hudson's Bay Co. directors meeting orders the secretary
to pay Mr. Radisson's widow the sum of £6.
1729
Sept. 24th. — The secretary of the Hudson's Bay Co is instructed to
pay Mrs. Radisson the sum of £10, she being very ill and in great
want.
1731
June 9th. — Pierre Gaultiere de Varennes, Sieur de La Verendrye, hav-
ing interested the governor in his proposed explorations started
from Montreal on his way to the far west.
Aug. 26th. — La Verendrye reached Grand Portage where his men
flatly refused to go farther.
M. de la Jenmeraie (nephew of La Verendrye) and La Veren-
drye "s son, with some of the men in the smaller boats, proceeded
to the outlet of Rainy Lake and erected Fort St. Pierre, which
they occupied for the winter.
1732
May 29th. — La Verendrye 's son from Fort St. Pierre
reached Grand Portage Avith a fewr furs.
June 8th. — Pierre La Verendrye, with all of his
command started from Grand Portage for
Rainy Lake — Fort St. Pierre.
July 14th. — La Verendrye left Fort St. Pierre for
Lake of the Woods.
July 31st.— The North-West Angle, in Lake of the
AVoods, chosen as the site for Fort number two,
which was now built, and
named Fort S. Charles.
1733-1734
During this winter La Ver-
endrye and all his men were
at Fort St. Charles.
(16)
1734
March to May 27th. — Jean La Vereudrye explored the Maurepas
River (now the Winnipeg) to Lake Winnipeg and returned to
Fort St. Charles.
1734-5
Jean La Verendrye at Winnipeg River
building Fort Maurepas.
1736
June 4th. — La Verendrye, Sr., at Fort St. Charles,
received the news of the death of his nephew
from exposure and scarcity of food.
June 8th, — Jean La Verendrye, Father Arneau
and twenty men left Fort St. Charles for
Michillimackinac for supplies. They were all
slain by Sioux Indians at their first night's
encampment, " Massacre Island."
1737
Oct. 14th. — Date of a letter in the archives at Paris, written by the
Governor of Canada, M. Beauharnois, attached to a map prepared
by La Verendrye showing a fort at the junction of the Red and
Assiniboine Rivers named "Fort Rouge," marked "abandoned,"
another farther up the Red River near the mouth of the Pembina
named Pointe de Bois.
1737-1738
La Verendrye spent the winter in Montreal.
1738*
June 18th. — La Verendrye left Montreal for the West.
Sept. 2nd. — La Verendrye reached Fort St. Charles at N.W. Angle,
Lake of the Woods.
Sept. 22nd. — La Verendrye reached Fort Maurepas (now Hudson's
Bay Post Fort Alexander) at the mouth of the Winnipeg River.
Sept. 24th — La Verendrye reached the fork of the Red and Assiniboine
where he "found ten Cree huts, and two war chiefs, who expected
me, with a quantity
of meat, having been
notified that I was
coming." The first
white man to turn
his canoe into the
waters of the Assini-
boine from those of the Red.
Sept. 26th. — La Verendrye started on his journey up the Assiniboine
River. (Travelling by land himself.)
Oct. 2nd. — Reached a point where the Indians notified him he could
go no farther the water being too low.
*Dates and quotations are taken from an authentic copy of La Verendrye's"
Journal, 1738-9 in Canadian Archives.
(17)
Oct. 3rd. — "I resolved to select an advantageous place to build a fortr
which I made them begin immediately. I spoke to the Assini-
boines while they (his own men) were building an oven." This
was Fort La Reine where Portage la Prairie now stands.
Oct. 9th. — Sieur de la Marque and his brother with eight voyageurs,
reached La Verendrye's camp.
Oct. 15th. — The fort and houses completed. M. de la Marque told me
he left M. de Louviere at "The Forks" with two canoes (8 men) to
build a fort there for the accommodation of the people of Red
River. I approved of it if the Indians were notified.
Oct. 18th. — La Yerendrye started on his journey overland to the Man-
dan Country on the Missouri River.
1739
Feb. 10th. — La Veren-
drye reached Fort
la Reine from the
Maiidan Country. "I
have never endured
so much wretched-
ness in my life, from
illness and fatigue,
as in that journey."
In the spring of this year Joseph Lafrance set out from Sault
Ste. Marie on an overland journey for Hudson's Bay.
1742
April 29th. — Pierre La Verendrye, Jr., and his younger brother set
out from Fort la Reine, by way of the Mandan villages, in an
attempt to find the Western Sea.
June 29th. — Joseph Lafrance from Sault Ste. Marie overland, reached
York Factory, His route is made out by Canadian experts, with
all available material for guidance, to have been the usual route
from Grand Portage to Lake Winnipeg, where he
wintered 1740-41. In the spring, 1741, he built
his canoe, ascended the Dauphin River to Lake
Manitoba. A portage carried him over to Lake
Winnipegosis. Hunting in the Carrot River coun-
try in the winter of 1741-42 he crossed the Sas-
katchewan on the ice March 1742, no doubt pass-
ing The Pas; down to Cedar Lake. From April
4th to the middle of May was spent in reaching
the River Savanne (Nelson). Entering the East
Branch they travelled by way of Oxford and
Knee Lakes to the Great Fork where the Fox
River joins the Hayes and on to York Factory.
1743
Jan. 1st. — The Chevalier Pierre and Francois La Verendrye saw the
dim outline of the Rocky Mountains. The first white men (over-
land) to behold this majestic sight.
(18)
Jan. 12th. — La Verendrye brothers reached the .very foot of the
Rockies.
March 30th. — "The Chevalier placed a leaden plate beneath a pyra-
mid of stones." "The Indians had 110 knowledge of the plate
of lead which I placed in the earth, with the Royal arms and an
inscription. ' "
July 2nd. — Pierre and Francois La Verendrye reached Fort la Reine
from their journey to the Rockies.
1746
May 31st.— Stimulated by a reward of £20,000 offered by the British
Government, the "jDobbs, " Captain William Moore, and the
"California," Captain Francis Smith, sailed from Yarmouth in
search of the North West passage, but did not win the prize.
1749
Sept. 17th. — Though long delayed, Pierre .Gaultier de La Verendrye
receives an honorarium from his King. — The Cross of St. Louis.
Dec. 6th. — La Verendrye released from all his wordly troubles passes
away in the town of his birth, Three Rivers, Quebec.
1752
Sept. 29th. — Pierre La Verendrye Jr., receives
message at Fort Maurepas that the Indians
had burned Fort La Reine.
1753
July 15th. (?)— Pierre La Verendrye and Che-
valier de la Corne met between Grand Por-
tage and Michillimackinac.
Fort La Corne built on the Saskatchewan
River, twenty miles above the Pas, by
Chevalier de la Corne. 1754
June 26th. — Anthony Hendry left York Factory on an exploration
voyage inland.
July 16th. — Hendry at Moose Lake.
July 20th.— Hendry at The Pas.
July 21st. — Hendry at Fort la Corne, the first instance on record of
the English and French coming face to face west of the Great
Lakes.
July 24th.— Hendry left Fort la Corne for the West.
1755
May 29th. — After a winter spent in the Blackfoot country, Hendry
reached Fort la Corne on the return journey, entertained very
kindly by the Chevalier who was absent when Hendry was on his
western journey.
June 20th. — After an absence of three hundred and sixty days Anthony
Hendry returned to York Factory.
*This plate was found by a school girl in March ,1913, at Fort Pierre on the
west bank of the Missouri opposite Pierre the Capital of South Dakota.
(19)
SIEUR DE LA VERENDRYE
"Under all his difficulties, he had explored a vast region hitherto
unknown, diverted a great and lucrative fur-trade vrom the English
at Hudson Bay, and secured possession of it by six fortified posts, —
Fort St. Pierre, on Rainy Lake; Fort St. Charles, on the Lake of ihe
Woods; Fort Maurepas, at the mouth of the river Winnipeg; Fort
Bourbon, on the eastern side of lake Winnipeg; Fort La Reine, on the
Assiniboine; Fort Dauphin, on Lake Manitoba. Besides these he
built another post, called Fort Rouge, on the site of the city of
Winnipeg; and, some time after, another at the mouth of the river
Poskoiac, or Saskatchewan, neither of which, however, was long
occupied." — Parkman, A Half Century of Conflict.
1770
Dec. 7th. — For the third time in thirty days Samuel Hearne leaves
Fort Prince of Wales in search of the Coppermine.
1771
July 17th. — Hearne reached the mouth of the Coppermine River and
finds the ice unbroken.
Hudson's Bay Co's. Forts in operation in this, year: Fort
Churchill (stone) 42 Cannon, 60 men ; York ^Factory, Hayes
River, 42 men ; Fort Severn, Severn River, 18 men ; Albany, 30
men; Henley House, 100 miles up the Albany River; East Main
House, Slude River ; Moose Factory ; Fort Charles, Rupert River,
long since abandoned 1772
June 30th. — Samuel Hearne returned to Fort Prince of Wales after
a journey lasting nearly nineteen months.
July 23rd. — Matthew Cocking reached Moose Lake from Fort Prince
of Wales on his way to the far west.
1772-73
Matthew Cocking spent the "winter in the country of the Bloods
and Blacefoot Indians. 1773
May 16th. — Cocking started on his eastern journey.
June 18th. — Matthew Cocking arrived at Fort Prince of Wales from
his western journey.
Dec. 29th. — Death of Governor of Prince of Wales, Moses Norton at
the Fort.
Samuel Hearne succeeded Moses Norton as Governor at Fort
Prince of Wales. 1774
Joseph Frobisher (North West Company) built a post on the
Red River at St. Andrew's Rapids.
Samuel Hearne made his fourth journey inland and built
Cumberland House, as a strategic point.
1778
Peter Pond made a very successful trading trip into the far
west.
Aug. 8th. — After forty years of peaceful possession of Hudson's Bay,
Governor Hearne has a visit from the French by means of three
ships bearing all told, 146
guns. Hearne surenders the
fort. An eyewitness told
Dr. Bell of the Canadian
Geological Survey that
"when the French appear-
ed outside the walls, there
were not enough men on
hand to man one of the
guns. Hearne donned his
uniform, marched out
through the gates, his GATEWAY OF FORT PRINCE OF WALES
sword drumming against Destroyed Aug. ioth, 1782
the stones as he went, and presented the keys of the fort to La
Perouse on a silver salver."
(21)
Aug. 10th. — By laying a train of powder to the water's edge, after
mining the walls, firing the powder train and hastily entering-
their boats, and pulling off to a safe distance the French com-
pletely destroyed the Fort.
Aug. 12th. — The French set sail for York Factory.
Aug. 21st. — Governor Humphrey Martin followed the example of
Governor Samuel Hearne and went one better by handing over
the keys of York Factory without firing a shot.
NORWAY HOUSE H.B.Co. POST
1783-84
During this winter the North West Fur Co. was organized in
Montreal.
1784
June 20th. — By the Treaty of Paris, the Hudson's Bay Co. regained
possession of the Hudson's Bay and have held it ever since.
During this year Peter Pond and Peter Pangman organized a
rival to the North West Co. at Montreal.
Oct. 4th. — A petition was presented to Governor Haldimand by the
North West Co. asking for exclusive rights in the fur trade for
ten vears.
1785
April 18th. — Peter Pond in Montreal making a strenuous effort to-
secure a monopoly of the Fur Trade for ten years.
1787
Feb. 12th. — Joseph Norbert Provencher born at Nicolet, Quebec. (Be-
came first Bishop of St. Boniface.)
1790
June 23rd. — Alexander Mackenzie a visitor at Cumberland House.
1793
Posts of North West Co.; X.Y.Z. Co.; and Hudson's Bay Co. at
Red River this year.
July 21st. — David Thompson at York Factory after one of his jour-
neys of exploration.
Sept. 1st. — Thompson left York Factory for the Saskatchewan.
Oct. 5th. — Thompson at Cumberland House.
(22)
1796
North West Co. Post erected by Peter Grant on the eastern
side of the Red River opposite the mouth of the Pembina.
The Hudson's Bay Co. Built a post at the slough near East
Selkirk, this was called Fort William. The chimneys were partly
standing in the year" 1815.
1797
May 23rd. — David Thompson resigned from the Hudson's Bay Go's.
service to go over to the North West Co.
Nov. 28th. — David Thompson left Fort Assinibome (otherwise known
as McDonnell's House and also as Stone Indian River House) for
the Mandan Country.
Dec. 7th. — Thompson and Party reached Ash House on the Mouse
(Souris) River.
1798
Feb. 3rd. — David Thompson back at Fort Assinibome from his visit
to the Mandan Indians.
Aug. 18th. — David Thompson and Peter Fidler met at Cumberland
House.
1800
April 28th. — Daniel Williams Harmon, a partner in the North West
Co., left Montreal for the far west.
Aug. 4th. — Harmon at Fort
Alexander on the Winni-
peg River, near Lake
Winnipeg.
Aug. 18th. — Alexander Hen-
ry Jr., ascending the Red
River reached the mouth
of the Assiniboine where
he found traces of an old
French trading post, probably La Verendrye's Red River (Fort
Rouge) Fort,
Oct. 10th. — Harmon crossed Swan Lake and ascended Swan River as
far as Swan River Fort,
FORT ALEXANDER, H.B.C. POST
At the Mouth of the Winnipeg River
1801
Early — Alexander Henry started the erection of a North West Co.
post on the north shore of the Pembina at its junction with the
Red River.
The first Red River cart, built at Fort Pembina. The wheels
were of solid wood three feet in diameter.
(23)
CHIEF FACTOR'S RESIDENCE
At Grand Rapids
Aug. 3rd. — Alexander Henry after a journey to Portage la Prairie,
thence to Grand Rapids and return, reached Pembina Fort, and
found that workmen had
completed the stockades and
the houses and stores were
nearly completed.
1802
Jan. 1st. — At Pembina the bar-
riers of trade competition
were forgotten, a grand
carousal in which all parties
(N.W.Co., H.B.Co., and
X.Y.Co.) of both sexes par-
ticipated with such hearty
zest, that before sunrise very general intoxication was in
evidence.
• 1803
The first Fort Gibraltar, built by the North West Co. on the
North West point at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine
Rivers.
Sept. 28th. — Alexander Henry Jr. left an assortment of goods with
the officer in charge of Fort (Gibraltar at the forks.
Indian Territories — By the Canada Jurisdiction Act, 1803, the name
of "Indian Territories" became the term by which the area (in
a general way) previously known as Rupert's Land and now
known as the Prairie Provinces was designated. This Act was
passed to remedy the fact that these "Indian Territories" were
judicially not within the limits of any British Colony.
1804
Jan. 24th. — Thomas Douglas, Earl of Selkirk, arrived at Montreal.
Nov. 4th. — The union of the North West Co. and the X.Y. Co. was con-
sumated at Montreal.
1805
Jan, 1st. — The news of the union of the two Montreal Companies
reached Fort Pembina and a grand debauche was the result.
May 27th. — Williams Harmon at Fort Souris states in his journal that
the three companies have their posts in operation.
June 19th. — Harmon at the forks of the Red and Assiniboine.
1808
Aug. 20th. — Alexander Henry on his way up the Saskatchewan and
David Thompson on his way to the Columbia met at the mouth of
the Saskatchewan, now Grand Rapids.
1810
Jan. 3rd. — Lord Selkirk presents to the Directors meeting of the1
Hudson's Bay Co. a former clerk of the North West Fur Co. at
Montreal, Colin Robertson, by name.
(24)
1811
Feb. 6th. — Lord Selkirk presented his plan to the Governing Commit-
tee of the Hudson's Bay Co.
May 30th. — Members of the Hudson's Bay Co. filed with the Honorable
Secretary a strong protest against the Selkirk plan, but not-
withstanding, the sale of 116,000 square miles of Territory in the
Canadian North West for ten shillings was consummated.
June 12th. — The District of Assiniboia ceded by the Hudson's Bay
Co. to Thomas, Earl of Selkirk.
June 25th. — Three vessels, the "Prince of Wales," the "Eddystone"
and the "Edward and Ann," with the first contingent of Selkirk
Settlers* sailed from Sheerness for the promised land in the great
west of Canada.
Courtesy of the J. H. Ashdown Hardware Co., Ltd.
RED RIVER CART (From Actual Photograph)
July 25th. — At the eleventh hour of night, the three vessels bearing
the Selkirk colonists sailed from Stornoway for Hudson's Bay.
Sept. 6th. — The three vessels loaded with Selkirk colonists entered
Hudson's straits.
Sept. 24th. — The end of the journey for the Selkirk colonists. The three
vessels anchored off York Factory and the colonists were taken
ashore at the point between the Nelson and the Hayes Rivers.
Oct. 5th. — The three vessels sailed for England.
Oct. 7th. — Miles MacDonell moved the colonists from the position
where they had remained since the day of landing, to the north
side of the Nelson and housed them in tents of leather and canvas.
Nov. 29th. — A small boat crossed the Nelson with a message from Miles
MacDonell to Chief Factor Cook at York Factory.
Dec, 31st. — The year ended in a little difference of opinion between
the Irish and the Orkneymen in which the former are said to
have "unmercifully beat the latter."
*Professor Chester Martin, of Manitoba University, after an exhaustive study of vhe
available material states, "all those who reached the Forks with MacDonell
on August 30th, 1812," were "men hired by Selkirk's agents for the specific pur-
pose of preparing the land at the Forks for the permanent Settlers to follow."
(25)
"C" Period of Colonization and Settlement
1812
June 29th. — While preparations were in progress for the embarkation
of the Colonists for the Forks of the Red, the spring fur brigade
reached York Factory.
July 6th. — Miles MacDonell with the first party of men for Red River
Settlement left York Factory.*
Aug. 30th. — MacDonell with 23 workmen, his quota from the im-
migrants of 1811, reached Red River Settlement and pitched
camp on the east bank of the Red River facing the North West
Go's, establishment, Fort Gibraltar.
By courtesy of Rev. Geo. Bryce, D.D.
DISTRICT OF ASSINIBOIA : SELKIRK'S DOMAIN
*See foot note on page 25.
(26)
Sept. 4th. — MacDonell's report to Lord Selkirk states, "delivery and
seizin formally taken in presence of all our people, a number of
free Canadians, Indians, £c., three of the N.W.Co. gentlemen
attended but did not allow their people to cross. William Hillier,
the Hudson's Bay Go's, attorney, represented his employers' in-
terests in the ceremonies. At the moment of exchange of docu-
ments a salvo of six guns was discharged.
Sept. 6th. — Most of the party sent to Pembina as they could not be
kept at the Forks owing to scarcity of provisions. The rest were
set at work on buildings in which to store the implements and
effects of the settlers not actually needed for the winter at Fort
Daer, and also to clear a little land in which to sow some winter
wheat. This Avould be the beginning of Fort Douglas.
Sept. 12th. — MacDonell reached Fort Pembina.
Sept. 13th. — Selected a site on south side of the Pembina for Fort Daer.
The building of same was begun the next day.
Oct. 27th. — Colony of settlers (71) under Owen Keveny reached Ked
River Settlement.
The first marriage ceremony in the great North-West was per-
formed at York Factory, where, immediately on the arrival of
the second contingent of actual settlers*two Scotch Presbyterians
were united in holy wedlock by a Roman Catholic priest, Father
Bourke.
Nov. 21st. — All of the families and men were housed at Fort Daer.
Dec. 27th. — The officer's quarters at Fort Daer, were only now made
habitable.
1813
June 12th. — First meeting on record of the Council of Assiniboia.
Miles MacDonell, president; Owen Keveny, Le Serre, K. McRae,
Archibald McDonald, Chiefs of East and West "Winnipic."
June 28th. — Third contingent of colonists sailed from Stromness on
board the "Prince of Wales."
Aug. 12th — The "Prince of Wales" anchored at York Factory.
1814
Jan. 8th. — Proclamation forbidding the taking of food out of the Ter-
ritory of Lord Selkirk, issued by Miles MacDonell at Fort Daer.
Feb. 4th. — Council named by Miles MacDonell to consist of George
Hollingsworth, John Spencer, Archibald McDonald and Chief of
East and Chief of West "Winnipic."
Feb. 10th. — David Anderson (became first Bishop of Rupert's Land)
born London, England.
April 4th. — A party of colonists comprising 21 males and 20 females
left Churchill for York Factory on foot, reaching their destina-
tion on April 13th.
May 18th. — Adams George Archibald, Manitoba's first Lieut.-Gover-
nor born Truro, N.S.
June 22nd. — Third party of colonists reached Red River.
*See foot note on page 25.
(27)
Oct. 21st. — Notice to quit the post (Fort (Gibraltar) and premises
served upon Mr. -Duncan Cameron, chief of the North West Co.,
by order of Miles MacDonell.
The Hudson's Bay Co. had a post on the eastern bank of the Red
opposite the mouth of the Assiniboine by this time.
Colony House, with the other buildings within the palisades be-
came known as Fort Douglas about this time.
1815
April 4th. (?) — After an order had been served on Miles MacDonell
at Colony House, Fort Douglas, by order of Duncan Cameron,
Fort Gibraltar, to deliver up, the latter by means of two squads
of messengers, captured 8 field pieces arid a howitzer from the
colonists.
May 13th. — Resolution passed at Hudson's Bay House, London, pro-
viding a Governor-in-Chief and Council for the whole of the Com-
pany's Teritory in Hudson's Bay. The territory was divided into
two districts, Moose and Assiniboia, the Governor in each district
having supreme power, except when the Governor-in-Chief is
actually present.
FORT DOUGLAS : 1812-1826
Headquarters of Lord Selkirk's Officials
The present St. Andrew's Rapids was, at this time known as
Red Deer Rapids and the country around Lower Fort Garry as
Red Deer Plain.
June llth. — The North-Westers made an attack lasting for three-quar-
ters of an hour, on Colony House within Fort Douglas.
June 15th. — One hundred and forty colonists embarked at Red River
under Duncan Cameron for Upper Canada — Holland Landing and
Baldoon.
June 21st. — Miles MacDonell surrendered Fort Douglas and was taken
by the North West brigade to Montreal.
June 24th. — A meeting of the Council of Assiniboia, (H.B.Co.) issued
notice to be served on settlers.
June 25th. — Document served on colonists read, "All settlers to retire
immediately from Red River and no sign of a settlement to re-
main. ' ' This order was signed by Cuthbert Grant and four others.
June 25th — Articles of agreement signed between the Council of Assi-
niboia and the Metis.
June 27th. — Thirteen families (about fifty persons) embarked at Red
River for Hudson's Bay.
Aug. 19th. — Colin Robertson having overtaken the fleeing colonists at
Norway House, persuaded them to return with him to Red River,
arriving this date.
Aug. 26th. — The fourth company of colonists for the Red River Settle-
ment landed at York Factory.
Aug. 30th. — The Council of Assiniboia presided over by Governor
Robert Semple. Councillors appointed were : Thomas Thomas,
Assiniboia ; William Thomas, Moose District ; James Baird, with-
in this territory.
Sept. 5th. — The colonists from Red River reached Holland Landing,
forty miles north of Toronto on Lake Simcoe.
Oct 15th. — Colin Robertson seized Fort Gibraltar, Duncan Cameron
made a prisoner, and two of the settler's field pieces recovered.
This matter wras settled in a few days and Cameron released.
1816
Mar. 13th. — Colin Robertson and half-a-dozen Selkirk stalwarts, en-
tered Fort Gibraltar, seized Duncan Cameron, who was at that
moment writing Cuthbert Grant of Minnesota to rally the Pilla-
ger Indians against Fort Douglas.
Mar. 19th. — Colin Robertson left Red River with Duncan Cameron as
a prisoner, bound for Hudson's Bay.
Mar. 20th. — Governor Semple and his council decided to destroy Fort
Gibraltar, and within a week Fort Douglas had been considerably
reinforced and the debris left had the torch applied to it.
Mar. 20th. — A raid by an armed force from Forts Douglas and Daer on
Fort Pembina resulted in its capture and 10 prisoners therefrom
being sent in bonds to Fort Douglas.
Mar. 31st. — Lord Selkirk wrote instructing Miles MacDonell that "The
North West Co. must be compelled to quit my lands."
April 23rd. — Appeal of Lord Selkirk to Lord Drummond for military
protection for Fort Douglas and the settlement.
(29)
May 12th. — Five Hudson Bay Co.' boats from Fort Qu'Appelle in the
charge of Pambrim and about twenty-four men attacked by a
party of about forty-five North-westers under the leadership of
Cuthbert Grant, after they had reached the Assiniboine. They
were made prisoners and after confinement in a nearby Nor '-West
Fort were sent back to Qu'Appelle with the exception of Pambrun.
June 4th. — Lord Selkirk hired four officers and about eighty De
Meurons in Montreal.
June llth. — Colin Robertson at Fort Douglas had a difference with
Governor Semple and left for Hudson's Bay.
June 15th. — Alexander McDonell
at the head of a band of
about 125 Canadians, Indians
and half-breeds partly in
canoes and partly mounted,
(as scouts who rode along the
river bank,) reached Portage
la Prairie on their way to
Fort Douglas.
June 16th.— Lord Selkirk left
Kingston, Ontario, with two
companies of De Meurons and
as many voyageurs.
June 17th.— William McGillivray,
Dr. McLoughlin, Simon Fras-
er, (the explorer,) McLeod,
(the J.P.) Haldane, McLellan,
McGillis, and Keith with 100
men dashing for the Red R'.ver to outdistance Selkirk.
June 17th. — Governor Semple at Fort Douglas, with every precaution
taken, even to loaded cannon, ready for any trespassers on the
Selkirk domain.
June 17th. — Miles MacDonell in a light canoe rushing for Red River
with the news that Lork Selkirk and ample reinforcements are
on the way.
June 17th. — Two Indians and Courte Oreille, deserters from North
West Co's. party, reached Fort Douglas and reported to Gover-
nor Semple, through an interpreter, Louis Nolin.
June 18th. — Cuthbert Grant at the head of a band of mounted and
armed men left Portage la Prairie.
June 19th. — Battle of Seven Oaks (otherwise the Battle of La Gren-
ouillere) Red River Settlement.
June 20th. — Norman McLeod, North West Co., from Fort William,
with 100 men and arms and ammunition for many more reached
Red River a day too late to take part in the attack.
June 22nd. — The Kildonan settlers forced to leave, started for Norway
House.
June 23rd. — The expelled Selkirk settlers and Nor '-Westers (coming
up the river), met betwen Fort Douglas and the rapids.
June 24th. — Fort Douglas and colonists capitulated to Cuthbert Grant
who gave a receipt upon inventory for the North West Co.
(30)
LORD SELKIRK
July 29th. — Lord Selkirk at Sault Ste. Marie.
Aug. 12th.— Lord Selkirk at Fort William.
Aug. 13th. — Fort William captured by the Earl of Selkirk in command
of the De Meuron regiment.
Aug. 18th. — The North West Co. men arrested at Fort William by
Lord Selkirk sent on their way to Montreal in four well-pro-
visioned canoes.
Sept. 19th. — Daniel Mackenzie only North Wester left by Selkirk at
Fort William, sells out to Miles Macdonell.
Nov. 7th. — M. de Rocheblane, sent from Ontario to arrest Lord Sel-
kirk, is himself seized and imprisoned together with his officers
by Selkirk.
1817
Jan. 10th. — A portion of Selkirk's force from Fort William reach Red
River and recapture Fort Douglas without a blow or loss of a life.
Feb. 6th. — The Governor of Canada, Sir John C. Sherbrooke, given in-
structions by the Imperial (Government, requiring restitution, re-
lease and removal of all obstacles to travel and trade by both
parties.
May 1st. — Lord Selkirk left Fort William for Red River.
June — Lord Selkirk reached his domain and started an in-
vestigation.
July 18th. — In the name of the King, George III., Lord Selkirk made a
treaty with Swampy Crees and Salteaux Indians on condition of
quit-rent of 100 pounds of tobacco.
Fort Gibraltar No. 2 built by the North West Co. at Red River.
Fidler's Fort begun by Peter Fidler.
Courtesy of C. N. Bell, Esq., F.R.G.S.
PETER FIDLER'S FORT : 1817-1826
1. Master's House;
2. Houses; 3. Houses; 4.
Main Gate Facing Assiniboine Point.
(32)
Powder Magazine
July 18th. — James Sutherland, a Justice of the Peace, arrived at Red
River. He was duly authorized by the Church of Scotland to
baptise, marry, and conduct religious services although not an
ordained minister.
1813
July 16th. — Fathers Provencher and Dumoulin reached Red River.
July 18th. — First Mass at Red River by Father Provencher in Govern-
ment House, Fort Doug-las.
Aug. 3rd. — First shower of grass-hoppers in Red River settlement.
Sept. — First school established at Red River, on the east side,
opposite the Assiniboine.
Sept. — Lord Selkirk, at Sandwich (Upper Canada) tried for break-
ing into Fort William and for resisting arrest.
Nov. 1st. — First Mass said in the little Roman Catholic mission church.
This edifice named St. Boniface, the patron saint of Father
Provencher.
FIRST ST. BONIFACE CHURCH FIRST ST. BONIFACE COLLEGE
AND PRESBYTERY
Redrawn from Water-Color Shown on Page 33
1819
Jan. 12th. — St. Boniface College at Red River founded.
June 20th. — Fort Douglas taken possession of by North-Westers.
June 30th. — The North-Westers' brigade from Athabaska on the way
to Montreal, captured by Governor Williams (H.B.Co.) of Red
River at Grand Rapids.
The Fort begun by Peter Fidler (who had been sent to Brandon
House) in 1817 was completed this year by James Sutherland the
Scottish missionary and J.P.
Aug. 30th. — When John Franklin reached York Factory, North-West
Co. prisoners still there wrere Benjamin Frobisher, ^McTavish
Mclntosh, Shaw and J. D. Campbell.
Sept. 30th. — Benjamin Frobisher, North West Co., with two servants,
made his escape from York Factory and started overland for the
Saskatchewan.
Oct. 19th. — Frobisher and his companions passed Oxford House on
their way south.
Nov. 27th. — Benjamin Frobisher perished from exposure within two
days of the North West Co's. post on the Saskatchewan.
(34)
1820
Feb. 1st. — Rev. Father J. N. Provencher appointed Vicar Apostolate
in Indian Territories.
Feb. 24th. — Alexander MacDonell made Agent by Lord Selkirk "to
take charge of all my affairs as proposed in your letter of Novem-
ber 18th. 1819."
April 8th. — Died at Pau, Prance, Rt. lion. Thomas Douglas, Earl of
Selkirk.
April 25th. — Rev. John West appointed by Mr. John Pritchard (agent
of Lord Selkirk's estate in England) to go to Red River.
May. 27th. — Rev. John West sailed from Gravesend for York Factory
in the "Eddystoiie."
Aug. 6th. — Donald A. Smith (Lord Strathcona) born.
Aug. 15th. — Rev. John West reached York Factory on his way to Red
River Settlement.
Sept. 9th. — First record of baptism in register of Rev. John West,
William, son of Thomas and Phoebe Bumi.
Oct. 13th. — Rev. John West at Netley Creek, took his first meal (break-
fast) in the camp of Pegewis, Chief of the Saulteaux.
Oct. 14th. — Rev. John West took up temporary residence at Fort Doug-
las. Services Avere also held within the Fort for a few weeks.
Oct. —Rev. J. West reports to the London Missionary Society that
"a Roman Catholic church is in course of erection. A small house
adjoining is the residence of the priest, but 110 Protestant church
or schoolhouse exists in the community."
Oct. — Mr. Harbridge opened temporary school in a log-house near
the dwellings of Protestant inhabitants. Thirty scholars enrolled.
Dec. 6th. — Residence of Rev. John West was now removed to the Lord
Selkirk farm, about three miles from the fort and six from the
school.
1821
Jan. 15th. — Rev. John West made the first missionary trip to Brandon
and Fort Qu'Appelle by dog train.
Feb. 21st. — The Hudson's Bay Co., London, voted Colin Robertson
£1,000 reward for his success.
Mar. 12th. — Rev. J. West started on a missionary visit to Forts Pem-
bina and Daer which occupied ten days.
Mar. 26th.— The Hudson's Bay Co. and the North West Co. signed
letters of amalgamation at London.
Mar. 29th.— Nicholas Garry, a Director of the Hudson's Bay Co., left
London for a visit to some of the Company's posts in Rupert's
Land.
May 23rd. — Nicholas Garry and Simon McGillivray meet for the first
time in New York.
June 1st. — The union of the Hudson's Bay Co. and the North West
Co. becomes effective. Capital stock, Hudson Bay Co. £150,000;
North West Co., £100,000; agreement to continue for twenty-one
years.
June 13th.— Nicholas ,Garry, William and Simon McGillivray left La-
chine for the west.
Aug. 1st. — Rev. J. West starts on a missionary tour to York Factory.
(35)
Aug. 4th. — William and Simon McGillivray and Nicholas Garry reach
Red River, and issue instructions for the occupation of Fort
Gibraltar.
Aug. 6th. — The three Hudson's Bay Directors leave Red River for
York Factory.
Aug. 12th. — Nicholas Garry and Governor George Simpson witness
the marriage by Rev. J. West, of Thomas Isbister and Mary Ken-
nedy at Norway House.
Aug. 27th. — Rev. J. West arrived at York Factory.
Sept 2nd. — While Nicholas Garry and Rev. J. West were at York Fac-
tory, an Auxiliary branch of the British and Foreign Bible Society
was organized for Prince Rupert's Land and Red River District,
the Hudson's Bay Co. subscribing £120.
Sept, 13th. — Nicholas Garry left York Factory for England, reaching
Thurso, Scotland, on Oct. 26th.
Nov. 1st. — Nicholas Garry arrived in London.
Nov. 2nd. — Rev. J. West's journal reads, "we arrived at the camp of
Chief Pege\vis at Netley Creek having been delayed for several
days. Food had run short and we were nearly famished." The
hospitality of the Indian Chief, however, stood the test.
Dec. 6th. — A new charter issued to the Hudson's Bay Co. with exclu-
sive trading privileges for twenty years.
1822
Jan. 22nd. — At a meeting of the Church of England Missionary Soci-
ety in London, at which two directors of the Hudson's Bay Co.,
Nicholas Garry and Benjamin Harrison, were present, it was de-
cided to send an assistant to the Rev. J. West at Red River in
order to establish a regular mission and school for Indian children.
The second church, the first St. Boniface Cathedral begun.
Fort Gibraltar Becomes Fort Garry
April 18th. — The last register of marriage by Rev. J. West at Fort
Gibraltar, the next on the same date is dated at Fort Garry, a
foot-note stating that Fort Gibraltar is now Fort Garry. The
change made by Governor Simpson in honor of the distinguished
visitor of last year.
May 12th. — Father Provencher consecrated Bishop of Juliopolis at
Three Rivers, Quebec.
May 19th. — Bishop Provencher left Montreal for St. Boniface.
May 29th. — Hudson's Bay House, London, a resolution of the Direc-
tors meeting reads: "There shall be two governors and a council
of Rupert's Land and a governor and council for the 'District of
Assiniboia.' '
July 22nd. — Rev. J. West left for York Factory via Lake Manitoba.
Aug. 7th. — Bishop Provencher reached St. Boniface.
Aug. 20th. — At a meeting of the Temporary Council at York Factory
decision Avas reached owing to the state of repairs of Fort Pem-
bina, to abandon that post entirely.
(36)
Sept 2nd. — The annual meeting1 of the Prince Rupert's Land and Red
River Auxiliary of the B. & F. Bible Society held on the first
anniversary of its organization. Receipts for the year were £200,
with £60 subscribed for the new year (at York Factory).
Oct. 5th. — Rev. J. West returned to Fort Garry Mission accompanied
by a young woman who was to marry the schoolmaster.
1823
June 10th. — The first Anglican church was opened and consecrated
at the morning service. At the evening service Rev. John West
preached his farewell sermon.
June — Rev. D. T. Jones left England in a Hudson's Bay Co. ship for
Fort Garry.
July 31st. — Rev. J. West at Fort Churchill on a missionary journey,
eleven days 011 foot from York Factory.
From Harper's New Monthly, 1859
WINDMILL ONCE WITHIN FORT DOUGLAS
Sold to Robert Logan, July 9th, 1825, while under Construction
July 23rd. — Alexander Antonin Tache (afterwards Archbishop of St,
Boniface) born Riviere du Loup, Quebec.
Aug. 19th. — Rev. J. West back at York Factory from Churchill meets
Rev. D. T. Jones there.
Oct. 23rd. — Rev. J. West reached Yarmouth Roads, landed next day.
1825
Jan. 13th. — The second Anglican church (Middle Church) consecrated
to divine service. Locality known as Image Plain.
(38)
July 9th. — Old Fort Douglas with the site and including the Windmill
transferred bv agreement of sale to Robert Logan by Governor
R. N. Pelley for £400.
.Fort Garry was rebuilt this year by Governor Pelly.
Dec. — The first native to be baptized into the Anglican Church was
the wife of an European settler.
1826
April 28th. — The ice in the Red River broke up.
May 2nd. — Governor Donald Mackenzie and family forced to the upper
storey of their residence owing to the flood.
May 19th. — Water forty inches deep in the residence of Rev. D. T.
Jones at St. John's (afterwards the Bishop's Court.)
The palisades and many buildings comprising Fidler's Fort,
Fort Douglas, and the new Fort Garry built by Governor Pelly
last year, were all carried away by the flood this year.
May 22nd. — The wa-
ters of the flood
began to recede
at Fort Garry.
June 24th — The De
Meurons and
Swiss departed
from Fort Garry
and St. Boniface
for the United
States.
After the flood
had subsided,
work was begun
rebuilding
houses only, dur-
ing this year.
These were built
further west
than the old site,
on higher
ground.
1828
A school open-
ed in the Angli-
can Mission for
the daughters of
the Hudson 's
Bay Co 's. men.
The first Ladies'
College.
SHOWING PRESENT PLAN AND OLD FORTS.
From
THE FIVE FORTS OF WINNIPEG
By Rev. George Bryce, D.D.
(39)
1830
Sept. 21st. — Robert Campbell arrived at Fort Garry via York Factory.
1831
May 17th. — Robert Machray born at Aberdeen, afterwards Bishop of
Rupert's Land.
1832
April 17th. — Bishop Provencher set out from Lachine for St. Boniface.
The "Tallow Co." established at Fort Garry.
April 18th. — Rev. Mr. Cochrane of the Anglican Mission selected a site
(East Selkirk) opposite Netley Creek for an Indian establishment
of habitation and agricultural educa-
tion.
May 1st. — The third Anglican Church on
the Red River opened at St. Andrew's
Rapids.
May 3rd. — Work begun at the Indian
establishment, East Selkirk.
The Council of Assiniboia
May 4th. — The Council of Assiniboia in
session, Governor Simpson presiding,
present, Donald Mackenzie, James
Sutherland, John Pritchard and Rob-
ert Logan. A writer of standing has
stated that "The Council had now
been fairly launched upon its legis-
lative career."
Church at St. Andrew's Rapids
Dedicated May 1st, 1832
June 17th. — Bishop Provencher arrived at St. Boniface.
1833
June — Foundations started for number two St. Boniface Cathedral
(Turrets Twain.)
Nov. 25th. — Anglican Mission school opened at Indian Settlement
three miles south of Middlechurch. Mr. Cook, the schoolmaster,
was the son of an English father and Cree mother. The first
schoolmaster of this descent at Red River Settlement.
1834
Nov. 26th. — The first stone church at Red River, (the second St.
John's) to accommodate seven hundred persons, consecrated by
Rev. D. T. Jones. This building became the Cathedral at its
consecration as such by Bishop Anderson.
Year End — Five day schools, four hundred children, one young ladies'
seminary, twenty-five enrolled, one young men's seminary, thir-
ty enrolled under the supervision of the Anglican Mission at Fort
Garry.
(40)
"D" Representative Council Inaugurated
1835
Feb. 12th. — The organization meeting of the Company Councils —
Present, George Simpson, Esq., Governor of Kupert's Land; Pre-
sident; Rev. D. T. Jones; Rev. William Cochrane; James Bird;
James Sutherland ; William H. Cook ; Robert Logan ; John Prit-
chard ; Councillors : John Charles and Andrew Christie, Council-
lors of Rupert's Land; and by invitation, the Reverend the Bish-
op of Juliopolis ; Donald Ross, Esq., H.B.Co. Service ; Alexander
Ross, Esq., Sheriff of Assiniboia ; John Bunn, Esq., M.D., Andrew
McDermot, Esq., Settler and Merchant, Assiniboia.
Reference in minutes to a new establishment about to be formed,
the stone Fort Garry.
Plans were ordered to be prepared for Gaol and Courthouse,
within the Fort.
Assiniboia was divided into four judicial districts, with James
Bird, James Sutherland, Robert Logan and Cuthbert Grant ap-
pointed Justices of the Peace.
Aug. 23rd. — That portion of the land now within Her Majesty's Colony,
which was sold to Lord Selkirk in 1811, bought back by the
Hudson's Bay Co. for £84,000.
1836
Mar. 2nd. — Alexander Ross appointed a Councillor of the District of
Assiniboia.
April 28th. — In the first trial by jury, Louis St. Dennis was sentenced
to be flogged in public, the public showing its indignation by
stoning the floggers.
June 13th. — Meeting of the Council of Assiniboia at New Fort Garry,
Governor George Simpson, President, and ten Councillors present.
Dec. 24th. — Five native women baptized at the Anglican Church at
the Indian Settlement above Middle Church.
1837
Jan. 4th. — The fourth church in connection with the Church of Eng-
land Mission opened at the Indian Settlement between St. John's
and Middle Church.
June 16th. — The District of Assiniboia, by a revision of the territory,
was divided into three in place of four police districts.
St. Boniface Cathedral No. 2 Math Turrets Twain completed.
1838
May 30th. — Hudson's Bay Co. secured a new Charter continuing its
rights for a period of twenty-one years.
1839
Mar. 13th. — The name "Assiniboia" given to that part of the original
Selkirk's Domain as is now within the bounds of Her Britannic
Majesty, by a general court of the Hudson's Bay Co., London.
(41)
ST. JOHN'S CATHEDRAL
Dedicated Nov. 26th, 1834. Re-consecrated as St. John's Cathedral by
Bishop Anderson Oct. 28th, 1854
From the Canadian Magazine
COLONY GARDENS
Home of Alexander Ross, First Public School Teacher; a Councillor and
Sheriff of Assiniboia
June 13th. — At a meeting of the General Council of the Hudson's-
Bay Co. at Hudson's Bay House, London, was enacted, that,
"George Simpson is hereby appointed Governor of Rupert's-
Land with a Council of twenty persons and Alexander Christie
Governor of Assiniboia with a Council of fifteen persons."
The Stone Fort Garry completed about this time
1840
May 28th. — Rossville Wesleyan Mission;, two miles from ^Norway
House, was established by Rev. Mr. Rundel, in 1840, his first
registered baptism is entered on this date.
July 3rd. — Sir George Simpson on an overland journey around the
world reached Fort Garry.
1841
June 25th. — The Municipal District of Assiniboia was curtailed from
the area given by the enactment of the 13th of March 1839 to be
limited to a circle extending fifty miles in every direction from
the forks of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers.
1843
March — Census at Red River, gives figures as follows, viz. : —
Roman Catholics, 2798 ; Protestants, 2345 ; no Protestants except
Church of England members worship at Upper Church. The
heads of families as follows : 571 Indians or Half-Breeds ; 151
Canadian ; 61 Orkneymen ; 49 Scotsmen ; 22 Englishmen ; 5 Irish-
men ; 2 Swiss ; 1 each Wales, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Germany,
Poland, United States and Esquimaux. There were 821 horses,
749 mares, 107 bulls, 2207 cows, 1580 calves, 1976 pigs, 3569 sheep.
July 3rd. — The Council of Assini- r-
boia in session in considera-
tion of recent disturbances,
ordered that "A new Court
House and Gaol be erected
without .the Fort." and also
that "Alexander Ross be
appointed Sheriff."
1844
June 19th. — Governor George
Simpson presiding at his
first meeting since his return
to Assiniboia.
June 22nd. — Bishop Mountain
at Fort Alexander at the
mouth of Winnipeg River
(where he purchased a few
supplies) ) on his way to Red
River Settlement. An entry
in his journal records his
Court House Without the Fort : 1843-1873
first view of a Western Sunset, as of "unequalled glory/
(43)
June 23rd. — Bishop Mountain preached at both services in the East
Selkirk Church, (the Indian Industrial and Agricultural Settle-
ment) through a half-breed school-master, as interpreter, with
about 250 Indians present who comprised the whole congregation.
June — A reciprocal exchange of visits between Bishop Mountain
and Bishop Provencher at Red River Settlement and St. Boniface
is recorded in the former's Journal.
July — Bishop Mountain records that "there is an old blockhouse
and a few other buildings near Upper Fort Garry which are
called 'The Old Fort.' ' "The Company issues paper money in
three denominations, the highest value being one pound, these,
for the convenience of the natives are printed in red, blue and
black." "Mr. Thorn, his lady and family have apartments at
Lower Fort Garry."
Oct. 23rd— Louis Reille, Jr., born at St. Boniface.
Dec. 16th. — Bishop Mountain makes a very strong appeal to the Church
Missionary Society, London, for a Bishop to be sent to Red River
Settlement.
SITE OF FORT DOUGLAS
By Paul Kane, 1846
FORT GARRY
1845
June 8th — Sir John Franklin with two ships, "Erebus' and "Terror,"
left the Orkney Islands in search of a North-West Passage.
Aug. 25th. — Father Aubert and Brother Tache (afterwards Arch-
bishop) of the Oblate Order arrived at St. Boniface.
Sept 5th. — The first execution took place. A Saulteaux, who, in
shooting a Sioux, the bullet passed through the body of his victim
and killed another Saulteaux.
(44)
1846
Jan. 14th. — Daniel H. McMillan (now Sir Daniel, ex-Lieut.-Governor of
Manitoba) born at Whitby, Ontario.
June 15th. — Treaty signed as to the International Boundary west of
Lake-of-the-Woods.
Sept. 12th. — Franklin's ships beset by the ice off King William's Land.
1847
May 28th. — Date of records left in a cairn at Collinson's Inlet (Irving
Bay) by the Franklin expedition.
June 4th. — Rev. Joseph Norbert Provencher made 'Bishop of St.
Boniface.
June llth. — Sir John Franklin died.
1849
May 17th. — The trial of one William Sayer became the occasion of
what was commonly called "Magna Charta Day" in the Eed
River Setlement.
May 29th. — Bishop David Anderson consecrated.
May 31st. — Record in minutes of Council of Assiniboia, "Had opinion
that the disturbance of May 17th had arisen from a desire on
the part of Canadians and others for the removal of Mr. Recorder
Thorn from the Settlement.'
July 30th.— Trial by Jury estab-
lished at a meeting of the
Council of Assiniboia held
in the Court House within
Fort Garry. The Supreme
Court to be the Governor
and Council with the aid of
a jury.
Oct. 12th.— At the Council of As-
siniboia, the Rt. Rev. the FIRST BISHOP'S COURT
Lord Bishop of Rupert's st. John's : Oct. 12, 1849
Land (David Anderson) and Rev. John Smithhurst after taking
oath took their seats as members of Council.
1850
June 14th. — Rev. A. A. Tache appointed coadjutor to Bishop Proven-
cher at St. Boniface.
The north wall of Fort Garry removed and a wooden extension
built on, with the castelated gateway re-erected.
Oct. 26th.— The North-West Passage discovered by Captain McClure,
at Point Russell where at an elevation of 600 feet, he saw Parry
or Melville Sound beneath him. The Strait connecting the At-
lantic and Pacific Oceans he named after the Prince of Wales.
Captain McClure had travelled 011 foot for five days, his ship, the
"Investigator," being frozen in.
(45)
1851
Sept. 18th. — Rev. John Black, pioneer Presbyterian Minister in West-
ern Canada, arrived at Kildonan, the Scottish settlement of Fort
Garry.
Sept. 28th. — The first service conducted by a Presbyterian Minister in
Western Canada on the site of the present Kildonan Manse.
Nov 23rd. — Rev. A. A. Tache consecrated at Viviers, France.
PLAN OF FORT GARRY
1836-1881
Courtesy of Rev. George Bryce, D.D.
1852
June 27th. — Bishop Tache arrived at St. Boniface.
Sept. 20th. — Samuel P. Matheson born Kildonan. (Now Primate of
all Canada.)
Dec. 9th. — Louis Rielle Sr. asked the Council of Assiniboia to set a
price on the Fulling Mill which had not been used for five years,
(46)
1853
Mar. 29th. — Negotiations had been affected (as reported to meeting
of the Council) for the sale of the Fulling Mill to Mr. Louis
Rielle for £15.
June 7th. — Bishop J. N. Provencher's death and the elevation of
Bishop Tache took place.
Oct: 28th. — St. John's Cathedral consecrated by that name by Bishop
Anderson.
1854
Jan. 5th. — The first Presbyterian Church in Western Canada dedi-
cated at Kildonan. The property was free of debt.
KILDONAN CHURCH
1855
Aug. 23rd. — Louis P. A. Langevin (afterwards Archbishop) born, St.
Isadore, Quebec.
1857
Peb. 5th. — The British House of Commons appointed a select Commit-
tee to consider the state of those British Possessions in North
America which are under the Administration of the Hudson's
Bay Co., or over which they possess a license to trade.
In this connection the Canadian Government (United Upper and
Lower Canada) sent representatives to England beginning an
agitation which only ended in the surrender of November 19th,
1869.
May 28th.— The Anglican Church at St. James dedicated.
(47)
FIRST ST. NORBERT CONVENT
Opened 1858
1859
April 1st. — The boiler of the "Anson Northup" reached Lafeyette at
the Ked Eiver opposite the mouth of the Cheyenne from Gull
Eiver (about 150 miles) overland.
THE ANSON NORTHUP
The First Steamboat to reach The Forks
May 19, 1859
May 19th. — A public holiday proclaimed when the whistle of the
First Steamboat was heard upon the river. A Royal Salute was
fired from the Fort and great rejoicing the day the "Anson North-
up" tied up to the pontoon bridge at the Forks.
The next day a full load of passengers were taken down the river
to and out on Lake Winnipeg. The first Red River Excursion.
Norman Kitson had a trading post at St. Boniface where was
displayed a white buffalo skin to the engineer of the steamboat.
The "Northup" went back to Fort Abercrombie but made a
return trip and wintered at Lower Fort Garry.
(48)
THE PAS IN 1858
From the Hudson's Bay Road, by A. H. De Tremaudan
FIRST NEWSPAPER OFFICE IN WESTERN CANADA
Plant arrived Nov. 1, 1859. First Newspaper issued Dec. 28, 1859
1859-60
Nov. 1st. — The First Newspaper outfit arrived at the Forks.
Dec. 28th.— Volume 1, Number 1, of the "Nor '-Wester" published at
Red River Settlement.
1860
Dec. 14th. — Bishop Tache's Palace at St. Boniface burned.
1861
Feb. 21st. — The second St. Boniface Cathedral destroyed by fire.
(49)
1862
May 24th. — The first party of gold-seekers celebrated Victoria Day
at Fort Garry before setting out on their long trek overland to
the head of the Saskatchewan.
Aug. 23rd. — Lord Milton and Dr. Cheadle at the head of the first
scientific expedition, left Fort Garry to investigate conditions for
an all-Canadian railroad across Canada.
Nov. 6th. — Kildonan Congregation authorized Rev. John Black to give
Fort Garry Presbyterians a fortnightly service.
Harper's New Monthly Magazine
FORT ELLICE : 1860
1863
May 8th. — Robert S. Thornton (present Provincial Minister of Edu-
cation) born Edinburgh.
Sept. 13th. — Dispensation issued by the Grand Lodge of Minnesota
under which the first Masonic Lodge was held in Fort Garry on
November 8th, 1864.
1864
Jan. llth. — St. Clement's Anglican Church (north of Selkirk) Conse-
crated by Rev. Robert Machray.
June 17th. — Hon. John A. Macdonald and Hon. A.T. Gait, waited (by
arrangement) upon George Brown, at his appartments at the
St. Louis Hotel, Quebec. The first real step towards
Confederation.
Oct. 4th. — Most Rev. David Anderson, Bishop of Rupert's Land re-
signed office.
Oct. 10th. — Quebec Confederation Conference opened and continued
in session until the eighteenth.
Nov. 8th. — The first meeting of (Northern Light Lodge) A. F. & A.
Masons in Western Canada.
(51)
1865
June 24th. — Rev. Robert Machray consecrated Bishop of Rupert's
Land at Lambeth Place by the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The third St. Boniface Cathedral and Bishop's Palace com-
pleted and Consecrated.
Oct. 12th. — Bishop Robert Machray arrived at Red River Settlement.
1866
Nov. 1st. — St. John's College was re-opened with the Rev. John Mc-
Lean, late of Aberdeen University as its Warden.
FIRST ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
Dec. 4th. — The first meeting in Westminster Hall, London, of delegates
from Canada for the Confederation debates in Parliament.
1867
Mar. 29th. — Confederation Bill is assented to by Queen Victoria and
becomes the law of the Empire.
May 10th. — Royal Proclamation of Confederation Bill.
Confederation Becomes
Effective
July 1st. — First Canadian Dominion Day.
Dec. 16th. — The Canadian Parliament
adopts joint (Senate and Commons)
address to Queen Victoria, asking to
be allowed to take over the North-
West Territories.
1868
Jan. 17th. — Date of a letter written by
Thomas Spence to a parliamentary
friend at Ottawa intimating the or-
ganization at Portage la Prairie some
days earlier, of a (proved to be ille-
gal) Provisional Loyal Government
as "The Governor and Council of
Manitoba ' ' ; Red River Settlement to
be the capital.
(52)
HON. A. G. B. BANNATYNE
1867-1872
Postmaster for Assiniboia
District
First Postmaster for Winnipeg
First Post Office Inspector
for Manitoba
THE GREAT SEAL OF CANADA
May 26th.— The Great Seal of Canada
prescribed by Royal Warrant.
June 30th. — Date of arrival of Win-
nipeg's pioneer and foremost
present day merchant, James H.
Ashdown.
July 4th. — Rev. George Young and
party of Methodist Missionaries
arrived at Fort Garry. The first
Methodist Church Service held
a few weeks later in a private
house.
July 31st. — An Act passed by the Imperial Government enabling Her
Majesty to accept a surrender upon terms; of the Lands and
Privileges and Rights of the Governor and Company of Adven-
turers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay, and for admitting
the same into the Dominion of
Canada. Viet. 32-33, Ch. 15.
Nov. 27th. — Sir John Young, the new
Governor-General arrived at
Quebec.
Dec. 4th.— First Holy Trinity Church
consecrated. It stood on the site
of the present Garry Building,
corner Garry and Portage.
Dec. 14th.— First "Wesley Hall",
the forerunner of Wesley Col-
lege, at the corner of Portage
and Main opened and dedicated.
"Very much more comfortable
than the little court-room at the
Fort," Rev. George Young re-
marks in his "Manitoba Mem-
ories."
Dec. 29th. — Sir John Young created
Lord Lizgar and sworn in as
Governor-General of Canada.
1869
Mar. 9th. — Premature celebration at Fort Garry of the end of the
Hudson's Bay Go's. Regime. This date became the beginning of
political chaos which was only brought to a close when Wolseley
and his troops marched into Fort Garry, Aug. 24th. 1870.
(53)
LORD LIZGAR
Sworn in as Governor-General of
Canada, Dec. 29, 1868
June 22nd. — An Act assented to
for the Temporary Govern-
ment of Rupert's Land and
North West Territories when
United to Canada. This Act
also provided authority for
the raising of a sum not ex-
ceeding $1,460,000, payable to
the Hudson's Bay Co., and a
like sum for the opening up,
settlement and administration
of North-West Territories.
July 1st. — The Flag at Fort Garry bearing the word "Canada" hauled
down.
Aug. 17th. — The first service (a class meeting) held in Wesley Hall
No. 2. on the east side of Main near Water street.
Aug. 22nd. — Wesley Hall dedicated.
ARMS OF
MANITOBA AND NORTH-WEST
TERRITORIES
July 31st, 1868
WESLEY HALL No. 2
Dedicated August 22nd, 1869
FIRST GRACE (Methodist) CHURCH
Dedicated September 17th, 1871
Sept. 28th. — Hon. William McDougall appointed Lieut.-Governor of
North West Territories.
Provisional Government Inaugurated
Oct. 20th. — Red River Insurrection began. "The French are off to
drive back the Governor."
Oct. 21st. — Order is issued by John Bruce, President, and Louis Riel,
Secretary, of the Provisional Government, warning Lieut.-Gover-
nor Hon. William McDougall not to enter Manitoba.
Those intrusted with the serving of this order on the Lieut.-
.Governor took possession of the highway near the Salle River
between Fort Garry and the boundary.
(54)
Oct. 25th. — Louis Kiel and John Bruce present by invitation at a
meeting of the Council of Assiniboia. Only Louis Kiel addressed
the Council.
Oct. 30th. — Ambrose Lepine served the order from the Provisional
Government on the Lieut. -Governor.
Nov. 3rd. — John Bruce and his Provisional Government took possession
of Fort Garry.
A flag bearing the Fleur-de-Lis and Shamrock replaced the Red
Ensign with H.B.C. in the fly, on the staff inside the Fort.
Nov. 12th. — The appeal to Governor William McTavish from the resi-
dents for a proclamation is the first known document dated
''Winnipeg."
Nov. 16th. — Governor McTavish of the Hudson's Bay Co. issued proc-
lamation denouncing the insurrection.
A National Convention called by the Provisional Government at
Fort Garry.
Nov. 19th. — The Deed of Surrender to Her Majesty signed by the
Hudson's Bay Co.
Nov. 24th. — The National Convention at Fort Garry passed its "Bill
or Rights" established Fort iGarry as the Seat of Government, the
Capital of Rupert's Land and North West Territories.
Dec. 1st. — The Provisional Government adjourned.
Rupert's Land and North West Territories became part of the
Dominion of Canada.
Dec. 4th. — No. 1 Company, Winnipeg Volunteers organized.
Dec. 7th.— Dr. Schultz's
store, containing
much of the provisions
of the village and be-
ing the rendezvous of
the loyal citizens was
under guard. Louis
Riel sent a posse of
armed men and made
prisoners of all who
had congregated there.
Fifty-six persons were
crowded into three
rooms in the. Fort this
date.
Dec. 12th. — Rev. George
Young held services
with the prisoners at
the jail where they
had been taken.
Dec. 17th.— Date of the
Commission of Don-
ald A. Smith, Special
Commissioner of the
Dominion Govern-
-„ LOUIS RIEL
to l<Ort Garry. President Provisional Government : Dec. 27th, 1869
(55)
Dec. 27th. — Commissioner Donald A. Smith arrived at Fort Garry.
Louis Kiel elected President of the Provisional Government. John
Bruce resigned.
1870
Jan. 7th. — Just as William Coldwell had part of the first number of
his new paper "The Red River Pioneer," on the press, the pre-
mises were confiscated by the Provisional Government and a dep-
uty appointed Printer to the President. Some of the copies of
the first number of the "New Nation, Winnipeg," the official
organ of the Provisional Government were printed on sheets also
bearing the imprint of the "Red River Pioneer" Volume 1, No. 1.
Jan. 19th. — Meeting called at Fort Garry by the Provisional Govern-
ment to hear the Commission of Donald A. Smith read, as to its
purpose and scope. One thousand men stood for hours in a tem-
perature of 20° below zero.
Jan. 23rd. — Dr. John Schultz escaped from the inner jail at Fort Garry
with a broken lee:.
R.N.W.M. POLICE DOG TRAIN
From 'the Hudson's Bay Road, by A. H. De Tremaudan
Jan. 25th. — Meeting called by Riel, of twenty French and twenty
English delegates to consider a programme best for the country.
Feb. llth. — Convention which opened on Jan. 25th brought to a close.
Feb. 12th. — All the prisoners at Fort Garry offered their liberty on
condition, (a) taking oath of allegiance; (b) leaving the country
and taking oath not to return in arms while the Provisional
Government was in office.
Feb. 24th.— Boundary Treaty declaration at Washington.
Feb. 26th. — First meeting of Riel Legislature with English speaking
members.
Mar. 3rd. — Riel elected his own court-martial on the case of Thomas
Scott.
Mar. 4th. — Thomas Scott executed by order of Louis Riel, President
of the Provisional Government.
Mar. 5th. — First election for two representatives for the Town of
Winnipeg at the Engine House.
Mar. 9th. — Archbishop Tache returned to St. Boniface.
Mar. 18th. — Commissioner Donald A. Smith left Fort Garry for
Ottawa.
April 9th. — Proclamation over the signature of Louis Kiel to the
people of the North-West on the work of the Assembly.
April 23rd. — The Colonial office granted Canada's appeal for 250
regulars to be sent to Manitoba immediately on condition that 500
Canadian Militia accompany them.
May 2nd. — Bill for the creation of the Province of Manitoba intro-
duced in the House of Commons, Ottawa, by Sir John A. Mac-
Donald.
May 10th. — Hon. Adams George Archibald appointed Lieut.-Governor
of Manitoba.
May llth. — £300,000 paid by the Imperial Government to the Hudson's
Bay Co., London.
May 12th. — The Manitoba Act assented to. This Act was to establish
and provide for the Government of the Province of Manitoba..
Para. 8 : "The Seat of government shall be Fort Garry or within
one mile thereof."
May 14th. — Companies One and Four, 60th Rifles, left Toronto for
Fort Garry. Companies Two and Three started two days later.
May 20th.— Robert McBeth (father of Rev. R. G. McBeth) appointed
Magistrate by the Provisional Government. The honor was kindly
but firmly declined.
Proclamation of Lieut.-Governorship of Adams George Archibald.
May 21st. — Lord Wolseley with 400 Regulars and 750 Militia left
Collingwood for the west.
June 23rd. — Rupert's Land and North-West Territories added to the
Dominion of Canada by an Imperial Order-in-Council to be effec-
tive July 15th, 1870.
(58)
E" Manitoba's Historj) as a Province
July 15th. — The Province of Manitoba inaugurated and admitted into
the Confederation of the Dominion of Canada. Winnipeg became
the capital of the Province of Manitoba and the North-West
Territories.
The North-West Territories Inaugurated and admitted into
Confederation.
Aug. 24th. — 438 British Regulars and 712 Canadian Militia under
Col. Garnet J. Wolseley, landed at the foot of Lombard Street,
paraded to and into Fort Garry accompanied by nearly the whole
populace. The recent Provisional Government having not only
dissolved, but also disappeared, Wolseley took possession of the
Fort without a shot being fired, and called upon Commissioner
Donald A. Smith to administer the Government pending the arri-
val of the Lieut. -Governor. The Red River Rebellion had come
to an end.
Aug. 29th. — The first detachment of Col. Wolseley 's men marched out
of the Fort to return to Ontario by the way they had come.
HUDSON'S BAY HOUSE WITHIN FORT GARRY
GOVERNMENT HOUSE
Council of Assiniboia : 1835-1869
Provisional Government : 1869-1870
Manitoba Government : 1870-1882
(59)
HON. ADAMS G. ARCHIBALD
First Lieut. -Governor of Manitoba
Sept. 2nd. — Lieut. -Governor A.
G. Archibald arrived at
Fort Garry and took up
residence at Government
House within the Fort.
Sept. 3rd. — Lieut. -Governor
Archibald took the oath
and assumed the duties of
office.
Sept. 6th. — L i e u t. -Governor
Archibald held a levee at
the home of Governor
Smith of the Hudson's Bay
Co., where His Excellency
is stopping, the . guest of
honor.
Notice of a meeting1 of
the Council of Assiniboia
to be held on Tuesday, 6th
September, 1870 at Hud-
son's Bay House, Fort
Garry, Don. A. Smith ; J.
J. Hargrave, Secretary.
Sept. 9th. — Col. G. J. Wolseley gave a valedictory address to his men.
Sept. 10th.— Col. Wolseley left for the east.
Sept. 13th. — "The Manitoba News Letter," a new paper issued it's
first number.
The Lieut. -Governor waited upon by a large band of Indians.
Sept. 16th. — Hon. Alfred Boyd became acting Premier.
Oct. 4th. — Eev. John Black elected Moderator of the first Presbytery,
erected by the Canada Presbyterian Church in Old Kildoiian, the
Westminster of Western Canada.
Nov. 17th. — First sitting of the General Quarterly Court under the
new reg'me, Judge Johnston presiding.
Nov. 18th. — Proclamation issued from Ottawa that the Customs Tariff
for Manitoba is the same as in force in Canada.
Nov. 21st. — Dispensation issued by the Grand Lodge of Canada, which
resulted in the inauguration of Prince Rupert Lodge No. 1, An-
cient Free and Accepted Masons.
Nov. 26th. — U.S. Consul, J. W. Taylor opened his office over the Gin-
gras store.
Nov. 28th. — Lieut. -Governor Archibald issued proclamation of the rules
and regulations for conducting the first election of members for
the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.
Dec. 10th. — Prince Rupert Lodge No. 1, A.F. & A.M. held its first
meeting.
Dec. 13th. — Procamation giving the distribution of the territory in-
cluded only in the parishes along the Red and Assiniboine Rivers
and the settlements along Lake Manitoba.
Dec. 30th. — The first election for the Legislative Assembly of Mani-
toba. Population of Manitoba estimated at 11,963.
(60)
1871
Jan. 10th. — The first Legislature organized, with Hon. H. J. Clarke
Premier and Attorney-General, Hon. M. A. Gerard Treasurer,
Hon. Thomas Howard Provincial Secretary, Hon. A. Boyd Minis-
ter of Public Works and Agriculture, Hon. James McKay, Minis-
ter without portfolio. (As originally arranged see J. P. Robin-
son, p. 17.)
Mar. 10th. — The first Legislative Council (Upper House) for Manito-
ba inaugurated with seven members. First Speaker, Hon. James;
McKay ; Clerk, Thomas Spence ; Captain Villiers, Usher of the
Black Rod.
Mar. 14th. — The Legislative Council sworn in by Hon. Thos. Howard
and Hon. Henry J. Clarke, commissioners appointed for that
purpose.
Mar. 15th. — The First Session of the First Legislature held in a house
bought from the Hon. A. G. B. Bannatyne (Postmaster) about
the site of the present Grain Exchange or Grain Growers' Grain
Co. Twenty-eight members being present.
From a Photograph in the Provincial Library
MANITOBA'S FIRST PARLIAMENT BUILDING
March 15th, 1871 to December 3rd, 1873
April 2nd.— The first Dominion Census gave Manitoba a population of
18,995 including Indians.
April 10th. — Building operations started on the first Grace Methodist
Church.
April 26th. — Manitoba's first party of immigrants arrived from On-
tario, consisting of eight men whom it had taken four weeks to
make the journey.
May 3rd.— First Manitoba Public School Act assented to. The Legis-
lature Prorogued.
May 27th. — The first issue of the newspaper "Le Metis."
(61)
THE CABINET OF 1871 AT THE OPENING OF THE LEGISLATURE
June 29th. — An amendment to the British North America Act, which
enabled the Dominion Government to create new provinces passed
by the Imperial Parliament.
July 8th. — The first election of School Trustees in Winnipeg.
July 13th. — The date of the Charter of Winnipeg's First Lodge of
Masons, Prince Rupert Lodge No. 1.
FIRST MACE AND SPEAKER'S CAP : MANITOBA LEGISLATURE
First Used, March 15th, 1871
July 27th. — Over one thousand Indians assembled to meet Lieut.-Gov.
Archibald at Deer Lodge.
Aug. 1st. — Francis Godschall Johnson, first Administrator of the
Government of Manitoba.
The first meeting of those interested in the organization of a
Congregational Church in Winnipeg.
DEER LODGE
Aug. 3rd. — Treaty No. 1 signed by Lieut.-Gov. Archibald and the
Indians at Government House, Deer Lodge.
Sept. 17th. — The first Grace Methodist Church opened.
Sept. 22nd. — Bishop A. A. Tache became Archbishop.
Oct. 5th. — Fenians entered Manitoba and took possession of the Hud-
son's Bay Post at Pembina at half -past seven in the morning in
the name of the Provisional Government of Red River, according
to the sworn statement by W. H. Watt in charge of the Hudson's
Bay Go's. Post.
(63)
Copyright owned by R. C. W. Lett, Esq.
WINNIPEG 1871
Corner of Portage and Main
Oct. 12th. — The Fenians at the Hudson's Bay Post, Fort Pembina,
captured by a corps of United States troops who had permission
from the Lieut. -Gov. to cross the border for this purpose.
Oct. 13th. — Thirteenth, Winnipeg Battery, Field Artillery organized.
FIRST MANITOBA (Presbyterian) COLLEGE
Opened November 10th, 1871
Nov. 10th. — First Manitoba College (Presbyterian) opened at Kil-
donan.
Nov. 20th. — The first telegram from Manitoba was sent by Lieut-Gov.
Archibald to the Governor-General at Ottawa who acknowledged
its receipt by telegraph the same day.-
Dec. 14th. — Hon. Marc Amable Gerard succeeds Hon. Alfred Boyd
as Premier.
(64)
1872
Jan. 4th. — Hon. Gilbert McMicken, having opened a Dominion Gov-
ernment Savings Bank at Winnipeg, the first deposit was made
this date by Hayter Reed.
Jan. 5th. — A petition to Presbytery by Knox Church members to be
organized into a congregation.
Mar, 9th. — Manitoba Gazette and Trade Review, Vol. 1 No. 1 made
its appearance. Alexander Begg, Editor and Publisher.
Mar. 14th. — Hon. H. J. Clarke succeeded Hon. M. A. Gerard as
Premier.
Mar. 24th. — Knox Presbyterian Mission organized with eleven mem-
bers.
June 5th. — Presbytery authorized the erection of Knox Mission into
a congregation with eleven members and sixty adherents. Rev.
George Bryce as regular supply.
June 24th. — Mgr. A. A. Tache consecrated Archbishop of St. Boniface.
July 26th. — Rev. Morley Panshon preached in Winnipeg at Grace
Methodist Church.
HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY WAREHOUSE
Formally opened with a lecture by the renowned Rev. Morley Punshon, D.D.
July 30th, 1872
July 30th. — Their new large and commodious warehouse on the banks
of the Assiniboine had been made suitable and comfortable by
Governor Donald A. Smith of the Hudson's Bay Co. for the very
large gathering that assembled to hear Rev. Dr. Punshon 's lec-
ture. The Lieut. -Gov. occupied the chair.
Oct. 2nd. — Date of Commission of Hon. Alexander P. C. Morris as
Lieut.-Governor of Manitoba and North-West Territories.
(65)
Nov. 9th. — The first number of the Manitoba Free Press made its
appearance. John Kenny was Proprietor and W. F. Luxton
Editor.
Nov. 30th. — Hon. Adams G. Archibald, Lieut.-Governor of Manitoba,
created C.M.G.
A census gave Winnipeg a population of 1,467 ; 1,019 males and
448 females.
Dec. 1st. — The end of the Lieut. -Governorship of Sir Adams G.
Archibald.
Dec. 2nd. — Oath and proclamation of Lieut.-Gov. Hon. A. P. C. Morris
as successor to Sir A. G. Archibald.
.Dec. 9th. — Rev. Samuel P. Mathesoii arrived in Winnipeg having de-
clined a call to Strathroy, Ont.
The Hudson's Bay Co. do-
nated the site for the first
public school in Winnipeg.
A deputation of Half-
Breeds waited upon Lieut.-
Gov. Morris demanding to
know whether promises made
in their behalf were to be
carried out or not.
Dec. 28th. — The first Council form-
ed for the North-West Terri-
tories. FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL. IN WINNIPEG
1873
Mar. 8th. — Fort Garry made the Legislative headquarters for the
North-West Territories.
Mar. 21st. — Lieut.-Col. C. F. Houghton appointed Deputy Adjutant-
General of Military District No. 10.
Mar. 24th. — Knox Presbyterian Church organized.
Gov. Morris and Indian delegates.
May 20th. — North-West Anglo-Indian Treaty No. 3 signed by Lieut.-
May 23rd. — The Act establishing the Royal North-West Mounted
Police assented to.
june — Knox Presbyterian Church, Portage la Prairie organized.
The first Baptist minister arrived in Winnipeg, Rev. A. Mc-
Donald. Meetings were held in Bethel church until First Church
opened in 1875.
Aug. 13th. — Dominion Order-in-Council passed in regard to the Immi-
gration of a large party of Mennonites to Manitoba.
Oct. 3rd. — Treaty signed by the Lieut.-Gov. and delegates of the Salt-
eaux and 0 jib way Indians.
Nov. 3rd. — Wesley Institute at the south-east corner of Main and
Water streets inaugurated.
Nov. 8th. — The City of Winnipeg incorporated.
(66)
Dec, 3rd. — The Legislative Building on Postoffice (Lombard) St. des-
troyed by fire.
1874
Mar. 30th.— At the Do-
minion Elections,
Louis Kiel had been
returned for Pro-
vencher, Manitoba,
on this date he
•went secretly to
the Clerk of the
House of Commons
and was sworn in.
April 1st. — In the
House of Commons,
Ottawa, Donald A.
Smith moved for a
committee of en-
quiry in the North-
West troubles of
1869-70, with refer-
MANITOBA'S SECOND COURT HOUSE
Legislature met here from 1873 to 1882. Police
Court and Gaol, Court House, Legislature and Civic
Offices, were all held at times within these walls.
ence to the question of amnesty. The committee was granted.
July 1st. — The Provincial Debt was about $140,000.
July 6th. — The first number of the "Daily Manitoba Free Press" was
issued.
End of term as Premier of Hon. H. J. Clarke.
July 8th. — Hon. M. A. Girard becomes Premier.
July 25th. — The first iron casting done in Manitoba at the foundry of
Mulvey and McKechnie.
July 31st. — Sixty-five families of Mennonites arrived at Winnipeg by
Steamer "International."
Aug. 3rd. — The new Synod of Rupert's Land opened its first session
at Winnipeg.
Aug. 20th. — The stock books of the Bank of Manitoba were opened
for subscriptions.
Aug. 26th. — The first hanging since the Province was inaugurated
took place.
Sept. 17th. — The first municipal tax paid in Manitoba, was handed the
City collector by William Dodd.
Oct. 10th. — At Winnipeg autumn assizes, Ambrose Lepine was found
guilty of aiding the murder of Scott and sentenced to be hanged
on Jan. 29th., 1875.
Oct. 14th. — Rev. James Robertson inducted as first regular Pastor of
Knox Presbyterian Church, Winnipeg.
(67)
Oct. 15th. — The Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba issued a warrant
of outlawry against Louis Kiel.
Dec. 2nd. — Premiership of Hon. M. A. Gir-
ard ended.
Dec. 3rd. — Hon. R. A. Davis became Pre-
mier.
Dec. 10th. — The Governor-General sub-
mitted Lepine case to the Home Gov-
ernment recommending commutation
of sentence.
Dec. 16th. — First Manitoba Government
dissolved.
Dec. 23rd. — The second Manitoba general
elections took place.
1875
THE ORIGINAL (First) BAPTIST
CHURCH
AN EARLY PRAIRIE (Presbyterian)
CHURCH
Strathclair, Man.
Jan. 15th. — The sentence of Ambrose Lepine was commuted to two
years imprisonment from date of conviction.
Feb. 4th. — Winnipeg obtains its
City Charter.
Feb. 7th.— The first Baptist
Church in the North-West
opened in Winnipeg, Rev. J.
McDonald, Pastor, (on the
site of No. 1 Fire Station).
Mar. 31st. — The second Legisla-
ture of Manitoba opened in
the Court House, Main Street,
Winnipeg, (near William
Ave.)
April 3rd. — Ground broken at Port
Arthur for the Canadian Pa-
cific Railway extension to
Winnipeg.
May 12th. — Masonic Grand Lodge of Manitoba organized.
May 14th. — The first session of Second Manitoba Legislature prorogued,
June 19th. — A new board fence had been erected between the Hudson's
Bay Go's, offices and the fort.
June 28th. — Two barges loaded with steel rails (the first to reach St.
Boniface) arrived.
June 30th. — Popuulation of Winnipeg, from Assessor's figures, 3031,
the assessment, $2,609,719.
Aug. 4th. — Bishop Robert Machray elected Metropolitan of Rupert's
Land.
Sept. 26th. — Samuel P. Matheson ordained. (Now the Primate of all
Canada.)
Oct. 7th. — First Exhibition of the Selkirk County Agricultural Society.
Oct. llth. — The first Colony of Immigrants from Iceland arrived in
Winnipeg.
Dec. 14th. — The North-West Territories Act named Livingston (now
Swan River within the Province of Manitoba) as Legislative
Headquarters in place of Fort Garry.
(68)
1876
Jan. 10th. — At the second Session of the second Legislative Council of
Manitoba, the second vote was taken on the abolition of the
"Council"; yeas, 3, nays, 3, the Speaker, Hon. Colin Inkster,
voted "Yea", the Bill was then read the third time and passed.
Jan. 26th. — In the Legislature, the Bill to abolish the Council was read
the second time, the vote being yeas 20, nays 1; the Bill was
then read the third time and passed.
Feb. 4th. — The Legislative Council of Manitoba abolished.
Feb. 14th. — Manitoba Permanent Building Society organized.
Mar. 14th. — The formal opening of
the new City Hall, Winnipeg,
took place.
June 5th. — The District of Keewa-
tin erected out of the North-
West Territories and placed
under the Government of
Manitoba.
June 9th. — Population of Winni-
peg by Assessor's records,
5,532 ; assessment, $2,214,206.
Oct. 7th.— The North-West Terri-
tories Act went into effect,
«»™ratiTiP' the same from the FIRST CITY HALL" WINNIpEG
separating tne same opened March 14th, 1876
Government of Manitoba, the
Lieut. -Gov. of Manitoba no longer to be ex-officio Lieut. -Gov., and
Winnipeg ceased also to be the Capital of the North-West Terri-
tories.
Oath and proclamation of Hon. David Laird as first Lieut. -Gov-
ernor of North-West Territories.
Oct. 17th. — District of Keewatin established by Proclamation.
Oct. 21st. — The first shipment of grain from Winnipeg to Toronto,
412 sacks at 1/6 per bushel; shipment valued at $835.71.
Oct. 24th. — Ambrose Lepine liberated at midnight to-night.
Nov. 19th. — The first church erected in Manitoba by the Methodist
Episcopal Church of Canada was dedicated at Emerson.
Nov. 27th. — Kildonan Infantry turned out for training for the first
time at the East side schoolhouse.
Dec. 12th. — The first game of curling under cover in Manitoba, in the
new Curling Ring, a barrel of oatmeal went to the hospital as
the penalty of the team defeated.
1877
Feb. 3rd. — The Union Bank of Lower Canada opened a branch in
Winnipeg.
Feb. 9th. — The University Bill introduced in the Legislature by Hon.
Joseph Koyal.
Feb. 28th. — Law Society of Manitoba incorporated.
University of Manitoba Chartered.
May 24th. — Three persons badly, and five persons fatally burned at
Lower Fort Garry by an explosion of gunpowder.
(69)
THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVE
Still to be seen in C.P.R. Park
July 13th. — Ground broken for the Pembina branch of the C. P. Rail-
way in St. Boniface.
July 19th. — An omnibus line made its appearance on Main Street,
Winnipeg, and disappeared this evening. Too soon was the
general opinion.
Aug. 3rd. — The garrison of Canadian Regulars which has been main-
tained at Winnipeg for the past seven years was disbanded.
Aug. 30th. — The Capital of the North-West Territories removed from
Livingston (Swan River) to Fort Pelly.
Sept. 21st. — The first session of the Council of the University of Mani-
toba was held in the Court
House.
Sept. 29th.— The Governor-
General, the Earl of Duf-
ferin, and the Countess
drove the .first and second
spikes respectively of the
Pembina branch of the C.P.
Railway at St. Boniface. A
banquet was tendered Lord
Dufferin at Winnipeg.
Oct. 10th. — The First railway
locomotive arrived down
the River yesterday, and
was today unloaded on the St. Boniface side of the River.
Nov. 22nd. — Hon. Joseph C'auchon, the new Lieut.-Governor arrived
in Winnipeg.
Nov. 23rd. — H. Macdougall had the first telephone in Winnipeg in-
stalled in his residence.
Dec. 1st. — Lieut-Governorship of Hon. Alexander Morris came to an
end.
Dec. 3rd. — Hon. Joseph E. Cauchon took the oath as Lieut.-Governor.
1878
May 27th. — The first University of Manitoba examinations. There
were seven candidates, all from Manitoba College.
Oct. 15th. — Hon. R. A. Davis' Government resigned.
Oct. 16th. — The Lieut.-Governor called upon Hon. John Norquay to
form a Government, which he completed today.
Oct. 31st. — Average daily attendance in Winnipeg at the public schools
for the month was 251.
Nov. 2nd. — The last member of the first contingent of Selkirk Settlers,
John McBeth, died at Kildonan.
Dec. 3rd. — The C. P. Railway Emerson branch was connected with the
St. Paul Railway at Dominion City.
Dec. 7th. — Regular passenger service between St. Paul and St. Boni-
face, first train arriving from the south to-day.
Dec. 8th. — First regular passenger train from St. Boniface for St.
Paul.
Dec. 17th. — Prime dairy Butter selling at 20 cents per pound.
Dec. 24th. — The first freight by rail arrived at St. Boniface. ,
(70)
Dec 26th. — The first carload of freight for export was shipped from
St. Boniface to St. Paul.
Dec 31st. — Winnipeg1 building operations for the year calculated at
$200,000.00.
1879
Jan. 4th. — The Winnipeg Board of Trade registered.
Jan. 8th. — The last mail by stage from the south was brought into St.
Boniface by Driver Robert Griffiths.
Jan. 9th. — The first mail by train left for the south this a.m. The first
to arrive is expected tonight.
Jan. 13th. — Prairie Flower No. 1 Lodge, Independent Order of Fores-
ters, organized in Winnipeg.
Jan. 18th. — Census of St. Boniface gives 199 families.
Mar. 23rd. — The first car-load of fruit brought into Winnipeg.
May 22nd. — The first steam wood-sawing machine set in motion in
Winnipeg.
June 25th. — Manitoba Historical and Scientific Society incorporated.
Aug. 24th. — Central Congregational Church, Winnipeg, organized.
Sept. 5th. — Telephone connection between Winnipeg and Selkirk suc-
cessfully installed.
Nov. 26th. — The third Manitoba Legislature dissolved after holding
only one session, but two adjournments.
Dec. 16th. — Fourth Manitoba general elections.
ST. BONIFACE IN 1880
1880
May 3rd. — I.O.O.F. Lodge instituted at Portage la Prairie.
Bearings were taken for a bridge across the River at Main
Street, Winnipeg.
May 21st. — Mr. Newcombe of the Land Titles department closed the
office at Emerson to open a new office at Souris.
Stone from the wall of Fort ,Garry is being used in the founda-
tion of the new building for the Bank of Montreal.
May 29th. — Survey parties started to work east from Winnipeg on the
C. P. Railway.
Aug. 10th. — Corner stone laid for the bridge across the Red River at
Main Street.
(71)
1881
Feb. 15th. — Plans and specifications for the new Parliament Buildings
and for the Lieut.-Governor's residence have arrived.
Mar. llth. — The Premier (Sir John A. Macdonald) introduced a bill
at Ottawa for the extension of the boundaries of Manitoba east-
ward,
Mar. 21st. — Manitoba Boundaries Act assented to.
April 4th. — Manitoba census gives the population as 65,954.
May 4th. — The new steamer arrived from Grand Forks about midnight,
the name is "The Manitoba."
June 7th. — The swing portion of the Louise Bridge tested the first
time.
June 13th. — Manitoba Boundaries proclaimed.
June 26th. — The Court House property near City Hall was sold for
$65,200 or $552 per foot.
July 26th. — Rev. James Robertson formally set apart as Superinten-
dent of Missions of the Presbyterian Church in Western Canada,
in Knox Church, Winnipeg.
July 26th. — Louise Bridge completed in time to permit the evening
trains to pass over.
Aug. 1st. — The Marquis of Lome, the Governor-General, welcomed to
Winnipeg.
The cornerstone of the new Manitoba (Presbyterian) College
laid by the Governor-General.
Sept. 22nd. — Major Bowles has taken over the contract to build the
residence of the Lieut. -Governor.
Oct. 9th. — The first telegraphic message between Winnipeg and
Brandon.
Oct. 13th.— The first issue of "Le Manitoba."
Nov. 15th. — Pile driving for the bridge over the Red at Broadway
was begun.
Dec. 31st. — School population in Manitoba, 7,000; pupils enrolled,
4,919; population, 62,360.
(13)
1882
Jan. 24th. — A Winnipeg Civic Works by-law to raise $1,000,000 was
carried by 39 votes to 4 against it. Population, 7,985.
Feb. 1st. — Delivery of letters began in Winnipeg.
Feb. llth. — Rev. John Black, the first Presbyterian minister in Western
Canada, died at Kildonan.
April 27th.— The fourth session
of the fourth Manitoba
Legislature opened in the
new Law Courts, the most
northerly of the three
buildings now on Kennedy
Street, north of Broadway.
May 12th. — Winnipeg Fire De-
partment organized.
May 31st. — Sir John A. Macdon-
ald and Hon. Edward
Blake addressed meetings
in Winnipeg.
June 10th. — Seventy Jewish re-
fugees reached Winnipeg.
June 24th. — Henderson's Direc-
tory Co. was the first to
introduce the typewriter in
Winnipeg.
July 12th. — The Surrogate Court, proclaimed and erected in Winnipeg,
July 16th. — Cornerstone of the Ladies' College, St, Boniface, laid.
July 30th. — The first Mayor of Gladstone elected by acclamation.
Aug. 1st. — The new Ladies' College at St. John's opened.
Sept 7th. — The first sod turned on the Selkirk branch of the C. P,
Railway.
Sept. 22nd. — Oath and Proclamation of Hon. J. Cox Aikins as Lieut. -
Governor of Manitoba, to succeed Hon. J. E. Cauchon. ,
Sept. 22nd. — Rockwood Penitentiary cornerstone laid with Masonic
ceremonies.
Sept, 29th. — Rev. George Young appointed Superintendent of Metho-
dist Missions in % Canadian North-West.
Nov. 3rd. — The first issue of the Brandon Daily Sun.
Nov. 19th. — Winnipeg Lodge No. 1, Ancient Order of United Work-
men instituted.
Nov. 21st. — The first steam plow reached Winnipeg on its way to a
Qu'Appelle farm.
Dec. 6th. — Dominion Government officials made successful observa-
tions of the transit of Venus at St. John's College.
MANITOBA'S THIRD COURT HOUSE
Accomodation hurriedly
prepared for the Legislature to
open on April 27th, 1882
1883
Jan. 21st. — The old Court House and Jail at the corner of Main and
William streets, was sold for $1,125. Cost in 1874 was $35,000 j
the land brought $65,200, and it cost $1,700.
April 23rd. — The Board of Trade, Brandon, was incorporated.
(74)
Oct. 21st. — The Provincial Government decided on building a hospital
for the insane, at Selkirk.
Oct. 31st. — Rev. John M. King inducted as Principal of Manitoba
College.
Nov. 7th. — A postoffice was opened at Austin.
Nov. 9th. — The 90th Regiment, Winnipeg Rifles, was organized.
Nov. 28th. — The railway opened from Portage la Prairie to Minnedosa.
Dec. llth. — Standard time adopted throughout the Province.
Dec. 23rd. — Dr. Fleming, of Brandon, was elected President at the
Convention of the Manitoba and North-West Farmers' Union.
1884
Jan. 22nd. — Brandon held its first bonspiel.
Mar. 7th. — Hon. A. M. Sutherland, Provincial Secretary, died at his
home in Kildonan.
Mar. 13th. — The Legislature met for the first time in the new Parlia-
ment Buildings, Kennedy street.
\ April 19th. — The Commercial Bank of Manitoba Charter assented to.
May 13th. — The last meeting of Selkirk County Council was held in
Winnipeg. Recent provincial legislation abolished the County
Councils.
May 23rd. — The new Oddfellows' Hall, corner of Princess and Mc-
Dermot, Winnipeg was formally opened.
July 1st. — The Library of Parliament was re-organized with Mr. J. P.
Robertson as Librarian.
July 8th. — Louis Riel reached St. Laurent from the United States.
Aug. 1st. — Postoffices opened at Morden and Melita.
Augf. llth. — The Boundary between Manitoba and Ontario settled by
decision of judicial committee of the Privy Council and confirmed
by Her Majesty-in-Council.
Sept. 7th. — The Winnipeg Contingent for the Gordon Relief expedition
left Winnipeg per C. P. Railway.
1885
Mar. 17th. — Louis Riel elected President of the Provisional Govern-
ment at St. Laurent.
Mar. 21st. — Riel sent a mesage to Major Crozier demanding uncon-
ditional surrender of Fort Carleton, the alternative to be a war of
extermination.
Mar. 24th. — The 90th ordered west at once. Major-General Middle-
ton left Ottawa for the North-West.
Mar. 25th.— A detachment of the 90th left for the West.
Mar. 27th. — General Middleton reached Winnipeg. The first clash
between the R.N.W.M.P. and the rebels took place at Duck Lake.
General Middleton left Winnipeg with the 90th and Winnipeg
Field Battery for the scene of conflict.
April 6th. — The 90th Regiment under Major Boswell left Fort
Qu'Appelle.
(76)
April 15th. — No. 1 Kildoiian Company left Winnipeg for Calgary, un-
der Major-General Strange.
April 24th. — The 90th closed in with the rebels at Fish Creek. 10 Brit-
ish and 11 Dumont's men killed.
April 27th. — Major- Gen. Strange left Calgary for Edmonton with 300
men and 175 wagons.
May 2nd. — Col. Otter and Poundmaker 's men met at Cut Knife Creek.
May 4th. — The offer of a plot in St. John's Cemetery for the volun-
teers killed in the rebellion was accepted by the Winnipeg City
Council.
May 7th. — Major-Gen. Strange 's command came in contact with In-
dians near Edmonton.
May 8th. — Major-Gen. Strange reached Edmonton.
May 9th to 12th.— Battle of Batoche, Kiel's last ditch. Gen. Middle-
ton's loss in 4 days, 8 killed and 40 wounded; the insurgents lossr
51 killed and 173 wounded.
May 14th. — The Winnipeg Light Infantry, under General Strange,,
left Edmonton on flat boats to descend the Saskatchewan.
May 15th. — Daily, railway service inaugurated to Port Arthur.
May 15th. — Scouts Hourie and Armstrong found Riel in a coulee 3"
miles from Batoche and Hourie brought him into camp.
17th. — The last spike between Winnipeg and the east was driven
at Jack Fish by Walter Ross.
May 20th. — Montreal Garrison Artillery arrived by first through train
from Montreal to Winnipeg.
May 24th. — Gen. Strange and Winnipeg Light Infantry reached Frog-
Lake and gave the last rites to the remains of those who had been
murdered.
May 28th. — Gen. Strange attacked the rebels under Big Bear at
Frenchman's Butte.
May 29th. — Gabriel Dumont escaped across the line at Fort
Assiniboine.
June 13th. — A band of Indians led by a Roman Catholic priest laid
down their arms at the feet of Gen. Strange at Beaver River Camp.
June 20th. — Scouts of the 90th found the Indian Camp where the
white prisoners were confined.
June 23rd. — The prisoners captured by the Indians brought into camp
at Cold Lake by a detachment of the 90th under Major Bedson.
June 30th. — General Middletoii massed his forces at Battleford.
July 2nd. — Big Bear captured and the North-West Rebellion brought
to a close.
July 4th. — The steamers "Marquis," "Northwest" and "Baroness"
left Fort Pitt for Fort Garry.
July 6th. — Louis Riel brought before a magistrate at Regina and trial
fixed for July 20th.
July 15th. — The 90th reached Winnipeg.
July 20th. — Riel placed on trial at Regina before Judge Richardson
and a jury of six. Trial postponed for one week.
Aug. 1st. — Riel's jury responded ".Guilty with recommendation to
mercy. ' '
Aug. 4th. — The Manitoba Telephone Co. elected officers; Duncan Mc-
Arthur to be first president.
(77)
Sept. 29th. — Big Bear and other prisoners sent out to Rockwood
Penitentiary.
Oct. 21st. — The Governor-General, Lord Lansdowne, and party arrived
in Winnipeg by special train.
Nov. 1st. — The first regular passenger train left Winnipeg for Montreal.
Nov. 5th. — Right Rev. David Anderson, Bishop of Rupert 's Land, died.
Nov, 16th. — Louis David Riel executed at Regina.
Dec. 13th. — The funeral of Louis David Riel took place at St. Boniface.
1886
May 29th.— Donald A. Smith created K.C.M.G.
July 13th. — The first Dominion Premier to visit Winnipeg during
office, Sir John A Macdonald.
July 13th. — A party of engineers left Ottawa to investigate the Red
River at St. Andrew's Rapids for the proposed locks.
July 31st. — Manitoba census gives a population of 108,640, Winnipeg
having 20,238.
Sept. 28th. — Memorial column in front of City Hall, Winnipeg, to the
members of the 90th killed in the North-West Rebellion, unveiled
by the Lieut. -Governor, Hon. James Cox Aikins.
Photo by Mrs. J. D. Moodie
R.N.W.M.P. BARRACKS, CHURCHILL
Nov. llth. — The Fifth Manitoba Legislature dissolved.
Nov. 14th. — The Methodist church at Norway House opened.
Nov. 18th. — The 90th Regiment unveiled a monument in St. John's
Cemetery in memory of members killed in the North-West
Rebellion.
Nov, 22nd. — Winnipeg City Council met for the first time in the Coun-
cil Chamber in the new City Hall.
Nov. 30th. — The railway between Winnipeg and Deloraine opened.
Dec. 9th. — Manitoba general elections took place.
(78)
1887
May 23rd. — The North-West Commercial Travellers Association was
incorporated, with head office at Winnipeg.
June 10th. — The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in
Canada, opened in Knox Church, Winnipeg1.
June 25th. — The Manitoba North- West Branch of the Women's Chris-
tian Temperance Union organized in Winnipeg.
July 3rd. — St. Boniface Hospital was begun by the purchase of the
Clark property by the Sisters of Charity.
July 7th. — Four carloads of buffalo bones went through Winnipeg
for the east.
July 16th. Gillies of the 90th Winnipeg Rifles was the win-
ner of the Prince of Wales Prize at Wimbletou.
Aug. 7th. — The first Augustine Church dedicated. Site and building
cost $2,062.71.
Aug. 15th. — A public meeting held in Winnipeg in the interests of
Commercial Union. The speaker of the evening was Professor
Goldwin Smith, of Toronto.
Sept. llth. — Archdeacon Cowley, the pioneer missionary of the Angli-
can Church in Western Canada, passed away.
Sept. 25th. — St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church consecrated by Arch-
bishop Fabre, of Montreal.
Oct. 4th. — Northern Pacific tracklayers reached Pembina from the
south.
Oct. 9th. — Rev. A. B. Baird (now Professor in Manitoba College) in-
ducted as Pastor of Augustine Church.
Oct. 19th. — Minnedosa Board of Trade organized.
Nov. 23rd. — The Winnipeg Grain Exchange organized in Board of
Trade rooms. Daniel H. McMillan, president ; C. N. Bell, secretary.
Dec. 7th. — The Winnipeg Grain Exchange opened for business.
Dec. 18th. — The first Icelandic Lutheran Church in Western Canada
was dedicated in Winnipeg.
Dec 23rd. — The end of the Premiership of Hon. John Norquay.
Dec. 26th. — Hon. D. H. Harrison became Premier of Manitoba.
1888
Jan. 19th. — Hon. Thomas Greenway succeeded Hon. David H. Harrison
as Premier.
Mar. 27th. — Hudson's Bay House (iGoverriment House within Fort
Garry) sold for $1,000.
June 16th. — The Sixth^ Manitoba Legislature dissolved.
July 1st. — Hon, John C. Schultz succeeded Hon. James Cox Aikins as
Lieut. -Govern or.
July llth. — Manitoba General Elections.
Aug. 3rd.— Rev. F. B. DuVal (now Dr. DuVal) inducted into the
Pastorate of Knox Presbyterian Church, Winnipeg.
Aug. 28th. — The first session of the Seventh Manitoba Legislature
opened, with thirty-eight members.
Oct. 18th. — The first regular Northern Pacific train arrived in Winni-
peg from St. Paul.
(79)
1889
May 18th. — Hon. A. G. B. Bannatyne died at St. Paul on his way home
from Texas where he had spent the winter. The funeral took
place three days later in Winnipeg.
July 8th. — The funeral of the late ex-Premier Norquay took place.
July 24th. — Brandon held its first summer fair. The Provincial Pre-
mier, Hon. Thomas Greenway made the inaugural address.
Aug. 10th. — Winnipeg's four-oared crew won the championship of
America at Pullman, 111.
Sept. 3rd. — The cornerstone of the first Hebrew Synagogue in the
Canadian North-West was laid with Masonic honors.
Dec. 31st. — Winnipeg Public School Report shows : Total enrollment,
4,099 ; teachers, 58 ; school sites and buildings, 12, valued at
$185.250.
1890
Mar. 31st. — The Act to suppress separate schools in Manitoba was
passed by the Legislature.
May 4th. — The Salvation Army occupied their new Winnipeg Citadel
at the corner of King and Rupert Streets.
May 21st. — The Provincial Medical Association of Manitoba organized,
Dr. Macklin, of Portage la Prairie, President, and Drs. Good and
Jones, of Winnipeg, Vice-President and Secretary, respectively.
June 3rd. — The Provincial Deaf and Dumb Institute completed.
Aug. 15th. — The Anglican Synod of British North America assembled
in Winnipeg. The general Synod of all Canada instituted at this
meeting.
Dec. 31st. — Manitoba schoolhouses (including 77 built of logs) 554,
population, 25,077, pupils, 23,256.
1891
Jan. 3rd. — The Commercial Bank of Manitoba opened a branch at
Fort William.
June 20th. — Seven Oaks Monument unveiled.
Sept. ; 30th. — The first Winnipeg Industrial Exhibition opened by Pre-
sident Alexander Macdonald.
Nov. 9th. — The Provincial Association of Patrons of Industry organ-
ized at Portage la Prairie.
1892
June 10th. — Thomas Norquay, Member of the Provincial Parliament
for Kildonan, succumbed to injuries received while crossing the
C. P. Railway tracks on the 8th instant.
June 27th. — The Seventh Manitoba Legislature was dissolved.
July 4th. — The first carload of Souris coal arrived in Winnipeg.
July 10th. — Cornerstone of the Anglican Church at Deloraine laid by
Canon Matheson.
July 23rd. — Provincial elections in Manitoba, forty members elected.
July 26th. — The Electric Street Railway began electric service to-day
(previously cars were drawn by horses). The Mayor, City Coun-
cil, and Board of Trade occupied the first car and were taken to
the exhibition successfully.
(80)
July 31st. — The Constitutionality of the Manitoba School Act was up-
held by the Imperial Privy Council.
Aug. 24th. — The Grand Lodge of A.O.U.W. of Manitoba was instituted
at Winnipeg.
Oct. 15th. — St. Stephens Presbyterian Church (West End Mission at
that time), Winnipeg, was dedicated.
Oct, 18th. — The Trappist Monastery at St. Norbert was formally
opened.
Dec. 16th. — Hon. John N. Kirchhoffer, of Brandon, was made a
Senator.
1893
June 30th. — The Commercial Bank of Manitoba suspended payment.
Dec. 3rd. — Winnipeg Bank Clearing House organized.
Dec. 18th. — Bishop Robert Machray was elected the first Primate of
all Canada.
Dec. 31st. — The final report gave 15,615,932 bushels of wheat from
1,003,460 acres in Manitoba.
1894
Jan. 1st.— J. Burr Tyrell and party of the Dominion Geological Survey
Department arrived at Selkirk after a trip of 3,200 miles across
the Barren Lands of the Far north. This was the first scientific
party to traverse this area.
June 21st. — The death of Archbishop Tache, of St. Boniface, took place.
July 28th. — The Manitoba Teachers Association was organized. Dr.
Alexander Mclntyre president, and Dr. W. A. Mclntyre 2nd vice-
president.
Aug. 4th. — Rev. Charles W. Gordon (Ralph Connor) arrived in Winni-
peg to take charge of the West End Mission (now St. Stephen's
Presbyterian Church).
1895
Jan 8th. — Rev. L. P. A. Langevin appointed Archbishop of St. Boniface.
May 3rd. — A stage service was estab-
lished between Winnipeg and
Stonewall.
May 24th. — Hon. John Christian
Schultz created K.C.M.G. The first
Manitoban to receive the honor.
May 29th. — Dominion Express Money
Orders were first issued in Winni-
peg.
Sept. 2nd. — Hon. James C. Patterson
succeeded Sir John Schultz as
Lieut.-Governor.
Oct. 7th.— The "Stonewall Gazette"
made its appearance, J. M. Toombs,
proprietor and editor.
Dec. llth.— The Eighth Manitoba Leg-
islature was dissolved.
SIR JOHN SCHULTZ
Manitoba's First Knight
(81)
1896
Jan. 15th. — Manitoba General Elections took place.
Feb. 6th. — The first session of the ninth Manitoba Legislature was
opened.
June 3rd. — Wesley College, Winnipeg, formally opened.
1897
Jan. 9th. — Hon. Edward Brown (present Provincial Treasurer) elected
Mayor of Portage la Prairie.
Aug. 21st. — It was announced
that the Hudson's Bay Co.
had presented the Fort
Garry Gateway to the City
of Winnipeg.
Aug. 22nd. — W heat touched
$1.00 per bushel in Winni-
peg for the first time.
1898
Dec. 23rd. — Chief Factor Cam-
seli, of Fort Simpson, sends
word that there are fair- THE GATEWAY IN 1881
skinned Esquimaux (Stefansson's Blondes) in the country east of
the Mackenzie River.
Dec. 24th. — The Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway was formally
opened to-day.
1899
Nov. 16th. — The Ninth Manitoba Legislature was dissolved.
Dec. 7th. — -Manitoba general elections took place, reduced by one to
thirty-nine members.
1900
Jan. 8th. — Hon Hugh J. Macdonald succeeded Hon. Thomas Green-
way as Premier.
Jan. 29th. — Hon. R. Watson, Portage la Prairie, and Hon. Finlay M.
Young were made Senators.
Feb. 12th. — The "Strathconas" entrained for South Africa.
April 5th. — Tenders amounting to $43,190 were accepted by the Coun-
cil of the University of Manitoba for the erection of the Univer-
sity building.
July 5th. — Sergt. A. H. L. Richardson, of the " Strathconas, " was the
first Colonial gazetted for the Victoria Cross in the South African
War.
The Macdonald Liquor Act assented to.
Oct. 15th. — Hon. Daniel H. McMillan (now Sir Daniel) took oath as
Lieut. -Governor, succeeding Hon. J. C. Patterson.
Oct. 29th. — Hon. R. P. Roblin succeeds Hon. Hugh J. Macdonald as
Premier.
Nov. 27th. — Winnipeg men of the First Contingent to South Africa
reached home.
Dec. 30th. — Manitoba schoolhouses (including 77 log) 1039 ; school
population, 62,664; in attendance, 50,460.
(82)
1901
Jan. 13th. — Members of Winnipeg's second Contingent to South Africa,
arrived home.
July 1st. — Strathcona Horse organized, Winnipeg.
Sept. 26th.— T h e Prince
(George' V) and Princess of
Wales visited Winnipeg
and formally opened the
University.
1902
Jan. 4th. — Rev. James Robert-
son, D.D., the Venerable
Superintendent of Presby-
terian Missions in the
Canadian North-West died
in Toronto MANITOBA UNIVERSITY
June 26th. — Hon. Daniel H. McMillan knighted.
Aug. 17th. — Bishop Joseph Lofthouse first Bishop of Keewatin, con-
secrated at Winnipeg.
Aug. 20th-21st. — Most Rev. Primate Robert Mackay presided over the
Provincial Synod of Manitoba.
1903
June 25th. — The Tenth Manitoba Legislature dissolved.
July 1st. — 12th Manitoba Dragoons, Brandon, organized.
July 20th. — Eleventh Manitoba General Elections held.
Nov. 16th. — Rev. S. P. Matheson consecrated Bishop.
1904
Jan. 7th. — The Eleventh Manitoba Legislature opened.
Mar. 9th. — The death of Archbishop Robt. Machray.
Oct. 16th. — New Augustine Presbyterian Church, Winnipeg, opened.
1905
Mar. 2nd. — Bishop S. P. Matheson elected Bishop of Rupert's Land
and Metropolitan with title of Archbishop.
May 10th. — Armorial ensigns granted to the Province of Manitoba.
July 3rd. — The llth Army Service Corps organized at Winnipeg.
July 24th. — Keewatin severed from the administration of the Lieut.-
Governor of Manitoba and re-annexed to the North- West Terri-
tories.
Nov. 8th. — The Northern Bank offices opened for business in Winnipeg.
1906
May llth. — Order-in-Council Sir Daniel H. McMillan to be Lieut.-Gov-
ernor of Manitoba the second term.
July 8th. — Sunday Street Cars for the first time in Winnipeg.
Sept. 3rd. — Cornerstone of the Icelandic ^Good Templars Building laid,
at the corner of Sargent and McGee streets.
(83)
1907
Feb. 13th. — Portage la Prairie incorporated as a city.
Feb. 28th. — The Eleventh Manitoba Legislature dissolved.
Mar. 7th. — Manitoba General Elections held.
April 2nd. — 18th Mounted Rifles organized at Winnipeg.
1908
Jan. 2nd. — First session of the Twelfth Manitoba Legislature opened.
Feb. 15th. — Manitoba Social Service Council (present name) organ-
ized at the Y.M.C'.A.
Feb. 25th. — St. Boniface incorporated as a City.
April 1st. — The 20th Regiment, Border Horse, organized at Pipestone.
The 99th, Brandon Rangers, organized.
The 100th Grenadiers organized at Winnipeg.
Aug. 20th. — Work began this morning on the new Court House at
Brandon.
Sept. 21st. — Winnipeg's new postoffice (6th) opened.
Oct. 4th. — St. Boniface Cathedral (5th church, 4th cathedral) dedi-
cated.
1909
Jan. 18th. — Hon. Noe Chevrier, of Winnipeg, appointed Senator.
April 26th. — Archbishop S. P. Matheson elected Primate of all Canada.
Aug. 25th. — British Association for the Advancement of Science met
in Winnipeg in an eight-day conference.
1910
Feb. 1st. — The 79th Cameron Highlanders organized in Winnipeg.
April 1st. — Bank Clearing House opened at Brandon.
May 10th. — The first steamer, the "Victoria," a government boat
passed through the St. Andrew's Locks successfully.
June 20th. — The Twelfth Legislature was dissolved.
July 10th. — Manitoba General Elections were held.
July 15th. — St. Andrew's Locks formally opened.
Dec. 30th. — Manitoba schools (67 log) 1,430; the school population,
93,206; pupils enrolled, 76,247.
1911
Feb. 19th. — The first session of the Thirteenth Legislature was opened.
July 18th. — The third annual conference of Canadian Clubs opened in
Winnipeg.
Aug. 1st. — Hon, Douglas C. Cameron took the oath as Lieut.-Governor
of the Province.
Dec. 31st. — Winnipeg Bank clearings passed the Billion mark —
$1,172,762,142.
1912
Jan. 5th. — The Trappist Monastery at St. Norbert destroyed by fire.
Feb. 26th — The new Boundaries announced by Premier Borden at
Ottawa, in Notice of Motion.
(84)
Mar. 13th. — Bordeii and Laurier vote on the same side in a division of
the House on the Boundaries Bill.
April 1st. — 2nd Troop Canadian Engineers, 18th Canadian Army Corps,
106th Winnipeg Light Infantry, Winnipeg ; and 32nd Manitoba
Horse, Roblin, organized.
April 4th. — Compulsory Education, proposed by the Opposition, was
defeated.
April 15th. — 34th Fort Garry Horse, Winnipeg, organized.
May 10th. — New Boundaries Act proclaimed by /the Governor-in-
Council.
May 15th. — The New Boundaries Act becomes effective, increasing
Manitoba's area from 75,000 to 250,000 square miles.
June llth. — Anglican Synod of Rupert's Land opened in Winnipeg.
June 22nd. — St. Boniface Convent burned.
June 24th. — Winnipeg's new Union Depot opened. The "Capital
Cities" C.N.R. train first one out, and G.T.R. daily from Edmonton
first one in.
PORTAGE AVENUE (Looking East) : WINNIPEG
June 28th.— The "Head Office" of the Union Bank of Canada changed
from Quebec to Winnipeg. John Gait, Winnipeg, elected
President.
July 2nd. — Two hundred school teachers from Western Canada en-
trained at Winnipeg for their European Tour.
July 10th. — His Royal Highness the Duke of Comiaught opened Win-
nipeg Fair.
July 15th. — The First Canadian Housing and Town Planning Congress
opened in Winnipeg.
Aug. 12th. — Cornerstone of new Bible House of the Manitoba and
Saskatchewan Bible Society laid.
(85)
Sept. 2nd. — Chief Justice Dubuc knighted by the Duke of Connaught.
Sept. 23rd. — F. W. Simon, of Liverpool, England, awarded the prize
of $10,000 for a design for the new Manitoba Legislative Buildings.
Nov 14th. — Winnipeg took second place in Canada for week ending
to-day in bank clearings for the first time, exceeding Toronto's
figures by $45,478.
Nov. 20th. — Minto Barracks, the new Drill Hall for Winnipeg,
announced.
Dec. 31st.— Winnipeg Bank Clearings for the year, $1,537,817,524.
1913
Mar. 15th. — Field-Marshal Viscount Sir Garnet J. Wolseley died at
Mentone, France.
May 1st. — The Referendum on the Greater Winnipeg Shoal Lake
Water Scheme carried 2,236 for, 369 against.
July 16th. — Contract closed with Thos. Kelly & Sons, Ltd., for the new
Legislative Buildings.
Aug. 1st. — Changes, calling for extras of $1,750,000, made in plans for
new Legislative Buildings.
FORT GARRY GATE
FORT GARRY HOTEL
1850 In Contrast With 1913
Sept. 9th. — Greater Winnipeg Water By-law adopted by City Council.
Oct. 1st. — Greater Winnipeg Water By-law carried in Winnipeg by
2,951 to 90 votes.
Oct. 13th. — II. J. Greenridge, the first colored student to be registered
in any Manitoba College (Medical).
Oct. 21st. — The Department of Trade and Commerce at Ottawa call
for tenders for a Government Elevator at Port Nelson on Hud-
son's Bay.
Dec. 10th. — The Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg, formally opened.
Dec. 31st. — Hon. Douglas Colin Campbell knighted.
(86)
1914
Jan. 14th. — Lord Strathcona died in London.
Feb. 1st. — St. Matthew's Anglican Church, Brandon, was dedicated.
Mar. 1st. — Work begun on Shoal Lake water Scheme for Greater
Winnipeg.
April 22nd. — Telephone communication between Winnipeg and Keno-
ra, Ontario, opened.
May 21st. — First brick laid in the new Legislative Buildings.
June 3rd. — First stone in the new Legislative Buildings laid by Thos.
Kelly.
June 15th. — Manitoba's Thirteenth Legislature was dissolved.
June 22nd. — Hon. James A. M. Aikins, K.C., knighted.
July 10th. — The Fourteenth General Elections for Manitoba.
Aug. 4th. — Great Britain declared war on Germany.
Aug. 12th. — Winnipeg's first corps, French Reservists, leave Winni-
peg for Valcartier.
Aug. 22nd.— 685 officers and men of the "Little Black Devils" left
Winnipeg for overseas.
MAIN STREET (Looking North) : WINNIPEG
Sept. 15th. — A special war session of the Manitoba Legislature opened,
only four day's duration.
Oct. 3rd. — Canada 's Great Armada sailed out of Gaspe basin, 31 trans-
ports bearing 33,000 troops of Canada's Expeditionary Forces, of
these. 2,473 were members of regiments from Military District
No. 10.
Oct. 14th. — The first Canadian Contingent reached Plymouth, England.
Dec. 16th.— The 43rd. Regiment (old 79th Cameron Highlanders) mo-
bolized under Lt.-Col. R. M. Thompson.
(87)
1915
April 1st. — Second session of the Fourteenth Manitoba Legislature-
prorogued.
April 21st. — Royal Commission appointed in regard to contracts for
Legislative Buildings.
May 12th. — The Government resigns.
Hon. T. C. Norris succeeds Hon. R. P. Roblin as Provincial
Premier.
May 22nd. — Three men, all "Patricias," the first to return from the
war, arrived in Winnipeg.
JVEay 29th. — The 43rd Regiment entrain for overseas.
June 15th. — Archbishop L. P. A. Langevin died at Montreal.
June 22nd. — Returned Soldiers' Association of Winnipeg was organ-
ized.
June 30th. — The organization meeting of the Returned Soldiers Asso-
ciation of Manitoba held at Winnipeg.
Aug. 6th, — Manitoba's Fifteenth Provincial Elections were held.
MANITOBA'S FIFTH LAW COURTS BUILDING
First Case Tried May 30th, 1916
Sept. 2nd. — Grand Trunk bridge (trestle) 1,700 feet long at Uno, Man.,
collapsed by cyclone.
Dec. 31st, — Manitoba school population 115,929, enrollment 100,963.
Winnipeg's Bank Clearings for the year, $1,530,683,124.
1916
Jan. 27th. — Woman Suffrage adopted by the Manitoba Legislature.
Mar. 10th. — An Act for the erection of Judicial Buildings at Dauphin,
an Act to incorporate the Jon Bjarnason Academy, the Work-
men's Compensation Act, assented to and the "Manitoba Patri-
otic Fund" incorporated.
(88)
The Lieut. -Governor
HIS HONOR
SIR JAMES AIKINS, K.C.
The Premier
HON. T. C. NORRIS
The Governor-General of Canada
HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE
G.O.C. M.D. 10
BRIG. -GEN
H. D. B. KETCHEN, C.B.
C.M.G.
The Mayor of Winnipeg
HIS WORSHIP
CHAS. F. GRAY
May 30th. — The first case in Manitoba's new Law Courts was tried
this morning before Mr. Justice Prendergast.
June 1st. — Deer Lodge opened as a Returned Soldiers Home.
June 1st. — Exit the Bar-room.
Aug. 3rd. — Sir James Aikins succeeds Sir Douglas Cameron as Lieut.-
Governor.
Oct. 24th. — Great War Veterans Association secure Manitoba Charter.
Nov. 14th. — His Grace the Duke of Devonshire sworn in as Governor-
General of Canada at Halifax.
Dec. 31st. — Winnipeg's Bank Clearings for the year pass the 2 Billion
mark, $2,061,795,257.
1917
Mar. 1st. — Workmen's Compensation Act, 1916, becomes law in Mani-
toba.
Mar. 9th. — Manitoba Farm Loans Association Act and Rural Credits
Act assented to.
Mar. 26th. — Manitoba Military Convalescent Hospital (the Dairy Ser-
vice Building occupied to-day) opened at the old Agricultural
Buildings.
Dec, 31st.— Winnipeg Bank Clearings for the year, $2,622,824,702.
MANITOBA MILITARY MEDICAL HOSPITAL
Opened March 26th, 1917
1918
Oct. llth. — The Spanish 'Flu epidemic in full force. The Ban placed
on all public gatherings.
Nov. llth. — Armistice Day.
Manitoba's Victoria Cross winners are: Major W. G. Barker,
Warren ; Sgt. Alex. Brereton, Strathclair ; Sgt. Leo Clarke, Sgt.-
Maj. F. W. Hall; Capt. Norman Mitchell, Winnipeg; Lt. Allan Mc-
Leod, Stonewall; Capt. Christopher 0 'Kelly; Capt. Robert Shank-
land; Sgt. Robert Spall; Sgt. Raphael L. Zingel and Lt. J. E.
Tait, Winnipeg.
Dec. 31st. — Manitoba's school population, 134,829; pupils, 109,923;
teachers, 3,097; school-houses, 1,645.
(90)
1919
Jan. 17th. — The Red Triangle Hut, Winnipeg, was formally opened.
Mar. 14th. — Land Settlement Board Act was assented to.
Mar. 31. — Shoal Lake water was turned on in Winnipeg, with a daily
capacity of 100,000,000 gallons.
May 15th-16th. — Dominion Industrial Commission held sessions in
Winnipeg.
May 15th. — The ,Great Winnipeg Labor Strike inaugurated at 11 a.m.
by cessation of street car service.
Sept. 10th. — His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales visited Winnipeg.
He was tendered a reception in the Legislative Chambers of the
new Parliament Buildings.
Sept. 29th. — The old school-house at Kildonan built by Rev. James
Nisbet, formally re-opened as "Nisbet Hall."
Nov. 21st. — Eternal Youth bearing the Torch of Civilization and Liber-
ty (a symbolic figure of solid bronze) placed in position on the
apex of the dome of the new Legislative Buildings.
Dec. 31st. — Manitoba's school-houses, 1784; school population, 138,352;
pupils enrolled, 114,692 ; teachers, 3,097.
1920
Mar. 10th.— Manitoba 's estimated Budget, $10,012,103.
Mar. 15th. — The single transferable vote and proportional representa-
tion adopted by Winnipeg City Council.
Mar. 27th. — Proportional Representation Bill for the coming Provincial
Elections as applied to Winnipeg received Royal assent.
Mar. 27th. — The fifth session of the Fifteenth Manitoba Legislature
prorogued.
April 26th. — The Winnipeg Falcons won the World's Junior Hockey
Championship at Antwerp, Belgium.
May 2nd. — The Hudson's Bay Company's two hundred and fiftieth
anniversary of its organization.
May 7th. — All the provincial Veteran Associations formed a union at
Winnipeg.
June 1st. — The Provincial Government began to operate savings banks
under the Provincial Savings Act. The first deposit received
to-day.
June 21st. — Automatic telephones introduced in part in Winnipeg.
June 29th. — The Sixteenth Manitoba Elections took place with the
first application of Proportional Representation for the ten Win-
nipeg seats.
July 15th. — The formal opening of Manitoba's new Legislative Build-
ings, on the 50th anniversary of the inauguration and entry of the
Province into the Canadian Confederation.
(92)
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