Manual of conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species

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MANUAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY;

STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES.
*, ^v"

IUNIVEKSIT

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.

;o:;r,^:;vATo:i OF THE COXCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL
SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. VI.

CONID^, PLEUROTOMID^E.

PHILADELPHIA:
Published by the Author,

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, COR. I9TH & RACE STS.

1884.

Wm. P. Kildare, Printer, 721* & 736 Sansom St., Phila.

{UNIVERSITY]

\

MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY

FAMILY CONID^E.

Teeth subulate, in two series, on a tubular prolongation of the
retractile proboscis, and with a bundle of sharp subulate teeth
at the extremity ; head with a produced tubular veil ; tentacles
subulate ; eyes on bulgings of the outer side of the tentacles ;
mantle enclosed, with an elongated siphon in front; foot simple,
long and narrow, with a conspicuous aquiferous pore on the
middle of the anterior part of the sole.

Operculum unguiform, with apical nucleus.

Shell inversely conical, with narrow aperture the length of the
body-whorl, the lip sharp, usually excavated at the hind-part,
where it joins the suture; epidermis thin and smooth or longi-
tudinally or spirally ridged, sometimes tufted.

The great family of Cones, well-characterized by peculiarities
both of dentition and shell, are principally inhabitants of equa-
torial seas. Haunting the holes and fissures of rocks, and the
labyrinths of coral-reefs, they lead a predatory life, boring into
the shells of other mollusks, and sucking the juices from their
bodies.

Until recently the classification of Conidce given by Messrs.
H. and A. Adams in their Genera of Recent Mollusca has been
generally adopted. This classification is given in Structural and
Systematic Conchology, ii, p. 187, and need not be reproduced
here. The genera and subgenera are extremely artificial and
insufficient for the purpose of arranging a large collection, inas-
much as many of the systematic characters fail to discriminate
groups when extensive series are compared. Dr. Weinkauff has
recently (Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell., i, 1874) arranged the
Cones into sections, each named for a characteristic species,

4 CONlD-dE.

around which is grouped other similar species. In this arrange-
ment, pattern of coloring takes high rank, and the groupings
indicate species which may have had a common ancestry. That
this classification is in many respects faulty cannot be denied,
but it appears on the whole to be better than that of the Messrs.
Adams.

A number of beautifully illustrated monographs of Conus
have been published : —

Sowerby. Conchological Illustrations. 137 colored figures.

Sowerby. Thesaurus Conclry riorum (and Supplement), vol. iii.
450 species ; the plates containing about 650 figures.

Reeve. Conehologica Iconica (and Supplement). 337 species.

Kiener. Coquilles Vivantes. 324 species, 111 plates.

Weinkauff. In Kiister's Continuation of Martini and Chem-
nitz's Conchylien Cabinet (completed 1875). 411 species, 71
colored plates.

Weinkauff s Catalogue of Conus, published in 1874, contains
the names of 352 species, distributed into 17 groups or sec-
tions : —

1. Marmorei (C. marmoreus. Linn.). 2. Literati (C. literatus,
Linn.). 3. Figulini (G. figulinus, Linn.). 4. Arenati (C. are-
natus, Hwass). 5. Mures (C. ?nws, Hwass). 6. Varii ^ C. varius^
Linn.). 7. Ammirales ( C. ammiralis, Linn.). 8. Capitanei (C.
capitaneus^IjiiiTi.}. 9. Yirgines (C. virgo, Linn.). 10. Dauci
( G. daucus, Hwass). 11. Magi ( C. magus, Linn.). 12. Achatini
(C. achatinus, ChemnA 13. Asperi (C. a*per, Lam.). 14.
Terebri ( C. terebra, Born). 15. Bulbi (C. bulbus, Reeve). 16.
Tulipae (C. tulipa, Linn.). 17. Texti (C. textile, Linn.).

The Cones are very variable in some of their characters, such
as the tuberculation of the spire and body-whorl, strire, colors
and the pattern of coloring ; so that the synonymy is very ditli-
cult to arrange satisfactorily. A number of species have been
characterized since the date of the last-named publication, but
on the other hand several species considered distinct by Dr.
WcMiikauff I have been obliged to consolidate, so that in the
following pages, arranged mainly in accordance with his cata-
logue, the number of admitted species will not be found to vary
materially from his enumeration.

CONTD^E. 5

The family, as herein restricted, includes the single genus
Conns. There are no extinct genera.

GOSAVIA, Stoliczka, described as a member of the family, I
have described 'and figured as a subgenus of Yoluta (Man., iv.
78).

CONORBIS, Swainson, which may be subgenerically distinct, is
described and figured in Struct, and Syst. Conch., ii, 188, t. 58,
f. 50. It is an eocene group.

About 100 fossil species of Conus have been described; they
are extensively distributed, and first appear in cretaceous strata.

Dr. Weinkauff has added to his Systematic Catalogue of
Conus, extensive tables of geographical distribution — in which
the species found in each province are separately enumerated
and named. The distribution may be summarized as follows : —

1. European Province, 1 sp. 2. West African, 27 sp. 3. East
American Province, 32 sp. 4. So. African, 22 sp. 5. West
American (Xorth, Central and South), 30 sp. 6. East African
(including Madagascar and Red Sea), 81 sp. 7. South Asiatic, 7G
sp. 8. East Asiatic (including Philippines and Sandwich Is.),
133 sp. 9. Australian, 113 sp.

There are, of course, many duplications in these numbers;
the distribution of man}T single forms throughout the sixth to
ninth provinces, as above defined, indicates that for Conus (and
for many other carnivorous gastropods) these divisions have no
real existence.

Mr. Arthur Adams, in his delightful natural history notes, in
the Narrative of the Voyage of the Samarang, writes : —

u The animal of Conus aulicus has the proboscis beautifully
varied with red and white, and there is a square and very minute
operculum on the dorsal surface of the hinder part of the foot.
Its bite produces a vcnoraed wound, accompanied by acute
pain, and making a small, deep, triangular mark, which is suc-
ceeded by a watery vesicle. At the little island of Meyo, one of
the Moluccas, near Ternate, Sir Edward Belcher was bitten by
one of these Cones, which suddenly exserted its proboscis as he
took it out of the water with his hand, and he compared the
sensation he experienced to that produced by the burning of
phosphorus under the skin. The instrument which inflicted the
wound, in this instance, I conceive, must have been the tongue,

O CONIDJE.

which in these mollusks is long, and armed with two ranges of
sharp pointed teeth.

" The Cones become more numerous and varied in their colors,
as we approach the equatorial seas, and they form bright and
beautiful ornaments to the shores of tropical islands. They seem
to prefer obscure holes in the rocks, where they lead a predatory
life, boring into the substance of the shells of other mollusks,
for the purpose of sucking the juice from their bodies. They
crawl but slowly, and usually with their tentacles extended in a
straight line before them. They are very timid , and shrink within
their shells quickly on the approach of danger. Some affect
deep water, and one was dredged by us in the Sunda Straits, in
thirty fathoms; and another, the Conns T/ialassiarchus, at
Sooloo, in about forty fathoms."

" The proboscis in its retracted state, as seen in the animal
preserved in spirits, is short, broad, conical, annulate, prominent,
in the base of the tubular veil, with a roundish, central mouth.
Instead of having any elongated lingual band covered with short
transparent teeth, like the rest of the Proboscidifera and Ros-
trifera, it has a fleshy tube with a bundle of subulate barbed
teeth directed towards the mouth ; this tube is prolonged behind
and below at right-angles with its upper part and mouth into an
elongated, fleshy, attenuated subulate tube, containing with its
hinder edge two series of similar subulate red barbed teeth,
directed from the aperture* towards the apex of the tube. (A
single tooth, greatly magnified, of (7. Hebrseus, Linn., is repre-
sented in Structural and Systematic Conchology, t. 10, f. 5.)

" The teeth are implanted by a distinct root into the substance
of the tube ; those near the upper or oral part of the tube are
placed rather irregularly in two parallel rows, but those nearer
the tip are more crowded, and the lines gradually diverge from
each other.

" I shall not attempt to describe the manner in which these
teeth are brought into action, as I have only seen them in the
preserved specimen ; but those nearest the mouth are probably
used to pierce the animal, which is held fast by the contraction
of the veil, as described by Adanson. The organization and
structure of the mouth is so unlike that of the other Probosci-
difera and Rostrifera, where the teeth are placed on a lingual

CONUS. 7

band and used to rasp the food, being replaced by others as soon
as those in action are injured by use, that I am inclined to form
the Cones into a third suborder, which may be called Toxifera ;
and it. is probable that the Pleurotomidae, which are described
by Loven as having similar subulate teeth in two series, should
be placed in the same suborder, as they appear to differ from the
Cones chiefty in the veil being truncated and not produced round
the base of the proboscis." — Dr. J. E. GRAY, Ann. and Mag.
K H.,xii, 1853, p. 177.

An operculum normally exists in all the groups of Conus
(probably in all the species), but it is so very small relative to
the size of the shell as to have generally escaped observation,
and is very seldom preserved in collections. It is corneous,
narrowly elongated, with apical nucleus, and the impression of
the muscular attachment varies from one-half to two-thirds of
the inner surface. The opercula of a number of species of Cones
are figured and described by Crosse and Marie, in Journal de
Conchyl., 1874.

Operculum of C. textile, Linn. (PI. 29, figs. 92, 93).

Sections of the shell of Conus, showing the structure and plan
of growth, are figured in Structural and Systematic Conchology,
i, PI. 1, figs. 6, 7, 8. The anatomy of Conus tulipa, Linn., is
illustrated and described in the same work, i, PI. 15, fig. 80.

Genus CONUS, Linn.

Shell thick, obconic, whorls enrolled upon themselves, the spire
short, smooth or tuberculated ; aperture elongated, narrow, the
margins parallel, truncated at the base ; the outer lip with a
slight sutural sinus.

Section I. MARMOREI.

Conus (typical) of Morch and H. and A. Adams. Coronaxis,
Swainson. Rhombus, Montfort.

C. MARMOREUS, Linn. PL 1, figs. 1-5.

White or light pink-white, with chocolate or chestnut reticula-
tions, so arranged as to expose the white in rounded triangular
large spots ; aperture white or light pink. Length, 4-5 inches.
Indian Ocean, Japan, Australia, Polynesia, etc.

The barbed teeth of this species inflict severe wounds.

0 CONUS.

Tar. BANDANUS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 2.

The triangular white markings are more crowded than in the
typical form ; the colored markings form two irregular bands.

Philippines, New Caledonia, Banda, etc.

Var. CROSSEANUS, Bernardi. PI. 1, fig. 3.

The chocolate reticulations heavier and closer.

New Caledonia.
Tar. NIGRESCENS, Sowb. PI. 1 , fig. 4.

Surface nearly entirely covered by the chocolate markings.
Intermediate states of coloring are quite common, so that the
division into varieties is arbitrar}7.

Tar. PS KUDOM, \RMOREUS, Desh. PL 1, fig. 5.

Shell regularly grooved throughout, spire rather more elevated,
not tuberculated, last whorl somewhat convex on the sides.

Length, 2 inches.

Habitat unknown.

Described from a single specimen, and at most only a variety
of C. marmoreus.

C. NOCTURNUS, Hwass. PI. 1, figs. 6, 7.

Pattern of markings essentially the same as in C. marmoreus,
but the chocolate-color coalesces into two broad irregular bands
within which the triangular wrhite spots appear only occasionally.

Length, 2-3 inches.

Ceylon, Java, Mauritius, Moluccas, Viti Isles, etc.

In C. Deburghise, Sowb. (fig. 7), the surface is sometimes
granular in revolving lines, and the nodules are compressed.

C. ARANEOSUS, Hwass. PI. 1, figs. 8-10.

Shell very closely reticulated with white and light chestnut,
the white spots crowded and irregular in size, the chestnut lines
forming two interrupted, irregular bands.

Length, 2 5-4 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Moluccas.

Dr. Weinkauff has adopted the name C. peplum, Chemnitz, for
this species, but that author only happened to be binomial in
this instance, many of his other Cones being designated by a
descriptive phrase ; I therefore prefer to retain the better known,
if later name given by Hwass. This species is in part the (7.
arachnoideus of Gmelin.

CONUS.

Yar. NICOBARICUS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 9.

Reticulating lines chocolate-color, the two bands usually better
denned.

Ceylon, Nicobar Isles,
Yar. VIDUA, Reeve. PI. 1, tig. 10.

Yery like variety Nicobaricus, the bands not so well outlined
usually, and having scattered triangular white spots upon them.

Philippines.

In this species, as in C. marmoreus, the varieties are entirety
arbitrary.

C. IMPEBIALIS, Linn. PI. 1, figs. 11-13.

Shell yellowish white, with numerous interrupted revolving
lines and spots of dark brown and two irregular light brown
bands. Length, 2-3 inches.

Ceylon, Java to New Caledonia and Viti Is!es.

Yar. FUSCATUS, Lam. PI. 1, fig. 13.

The light brown coloring extends in clouds and irregular
markings over the surface, so that the bands can scarcely be
defined.

Zanzibar, Mozambique, Philippines, etc.
Yar. VIRIDULUS, Lam.

The coloring is olive-brown, irregularly but somewhat longi-
tudinally disposed, with more or less indication of two bands.

Zanzibar.
C. RECLUZIANUS, Bernardi. PL 1, fig. 14.

Yellowish white, with irregular broad yellowish brown bands
and spots. Length, 58 mill.

Yellow Sea.

Only a single specimen occurred, which is possibly faded in
coloring.

C. ZONATUS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 15.

Purple ash, with narrow chestnut revolving lines and white
spots, the latter frequently irregularly coalescing.

Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Nicobar Isles.

C. MARCHIONATUS, Hinds. PL 2, fig. 16 ; PL 27, fig. 3.

Yellowish or light brown, with large white rounded triangular
spots. Length, 1-1*5 inches. Marquesas Islands.

10 CONUS.

Pattern of coloring very like C. marmoreus, but lighter ; the
shell is immediately distinguished by the want of the coronal of
tubercles and its usually small size. Mr. Melville, of Prestwich,
near Manchester, England, who possesses a remarkable collec-
tion of Cones, has sent me a colored drawing of a gigantic
specimen in his collection, 2*25 inches in length; he proposes to
•call it var. eudoxus (PL 27, fig. 3).

Section II. LITERATI.
Lithoconus (ex parte), Morch.

C. LITERATUS^ Linn. PI. 2, figs, 11-19.

Shell white, with usually two or three broad light yellow or
orange-brown bands, marked with revolving series of large and
small dark chocolate or nearly black, round, square or triangular
spots ; these spots are frequently elongated longitudinally, and
sometimes partially coalesce so as to form interrupted longi-
tudinal stripes ; base of shell often tinged with chocolate.

Length, 3-5-5 inches.

Zanzibar, Ceylon, Java, Singapore, New Caledonia, Viti Is.

C. Gruneri, Reeve (fig. 18), from the island of Java, appears
to be a young shell without any distinguishable characters.

Yar. MILLEPUNCTATUS, Lam. PL 2, fig. 19.

Said to differ from C. literatus in the spots being smaller and
much more numerous, and in the absence of the yellow bands.
It is connected by intermediate stages with the typical literatus.

C. C(ELATUS, A. Adams. PL 2, fig. 20.

Shell small, with revolving grooves, which are longitudinally
striate ; spire minutely coronate, the apex acutely elevated ;

white, widely reticulated with orange. Length, 16 mill.

China.
I am not acquainted with this species.

C. PLANAXIS, Deshayes. PL 2, fig. 21.

Yellowish, encircled by narrow, more or less interrupted
chestnut lines, chocolate-tinged at the base. Length, 19 mill.

Isle of Bourbon.

An unsatisfactory species, being evidently described from a
very young shell.

CONUS. 11

C. MUSICUS, Hwass. PI. 2, figs 22, 23.

Whitish, with light ash-violet broad bands and narrow revol-
ving lines of chocolate, broken up into short lines and spots ;
spire often slightly coronate, rayed with chocolate.

Length, 15-25 mill.

Philippines, Australia, Solomon's Is., New Caledonia.

C. Mighelsi, Kiener (fig. 23), is a synonym.

C. EBURNEUS, Hwass. PI. 2, figs. 24, 25.

Shell white, usually with two or three light yellowish bands,
marked with very dark chocolate revolving spots.

Length, 2 inches. «

Ceylon to Viti .Islands.

Much smaller and more swollen in outline than C. literatus,
lower part of the bod}r-whorl distinctly grooved, spire with two
impressed revolving lines, spots smaller than in C. literatus. C.
polyglotta, A. Ad. (fig. 25), varies slightly in the disposition of
the coloring.

C. TESSELLATUS, Born. Plate 2, figs. 26, 2t.

Shell white, with reddish orange spots and short lines in
revolving series, and forming by crowding together two irregular
bands ; base stained with light violet. Length, 2-2'5 inches.
Red Sea, Ceylon, Mozambique, Mauritius,

Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia.

Has the same revolving sculpture at base and on the spire as
C. eburneus ; the difference is in coloring only.

C. crassus, Sowb. (fig. 27), is shorter and more ventricose, but
can scarcety claim varietal rank. Viti Islands.

C. BAYLEI, Jousseaume. PI. 2, fig. 28.

White, with light brown spots disposed in revolving series
and indistinctly forming bands ; base of shell and spire without
revolving grooves, Length, 32 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Distinguished from C. tessellatus by the smooth surface.

C. SUTURATUS, Reeve. PI. 2, figs. 29, 29 a.

Shell yellowish or pink-white, with broad light brown bands ;
spire and base sulcate. Length, 28 mill.

North Australia.

12 CONUS.

Reeve's original description and figure were made from a dead,
faded and depauperate shell (fig. 29).

C. PROTEUS, Hwass. PL 2, figs. 30-35 ; PL 3, fig. 36.

Shell white, with revolving series of spots and irregular or
cloud-like markings of orange, chestnut or chocolate, often form-
ing interrupted bands ; base grooved, spire with a single broad
sulcus. Length, 1-5-2-5 inches.

West Indies, Florida.

Dr. Weinkauff has distinguished C. leoninus, Chemn., not
Hwass, said to come from the East Indies, but it does not
appear to me to be different ; C. leoninus of Hwass (fig. 31) is
certainly the same. C. spurius, Gmelin, of authors (fig. 32)
may also be placed here confidently, but the original description
must remain a doubtful identification. C. ochraceus, Lam. (fig.
33 , if correctly identified by Reeve and Sowerby, and C. brevi-
culits, Sowb., are also synonyms ; and C. armillatus, C. B. Ad.,
is a young shell.

Tar. BICOLOR, Sowb. PL 2, fig. 34.

Shell shorter and wider at the spire than the usual form.

West Africa.
Yar. PAPILIONACEUS, Hwass. PL 2, fig. 35.

Spire generally more depressed than in the t}rpical form, the
revolving rows of spots of smaller size, closer and more numerous.
Length, 2-2-5 inches.

Senegal; Canaries; St. Thomas, West Indies (Swift}.
Merges into the type by insensible gradations.

Yar. SIAMENSIS, Hwass. PL 3, fig. 36.

Distinguished from var. papilionaceus by having more numer-
ous narrow articulated fillets. The locality indicated by the
name is exceedingly doubtful.

C. FLAMMEUS, Lam. PL 3, fig. 37.

Yellowish white, flamed and spotted with chestnut, the flames
usually longitudinally disposed, forming revolving bands, the
spots in revolving series. Length, 2-2'75 inches.

Wn.tt Coast of Africa; Honduras (Dyson),

This is the C. Lorenzianus of Chemnitz, and very probably
only a variety of C. Froteu*, Ilwass.

CON US. 13

C. CHARACTERISTICS (Chemii.), Auct. PL 3, figs. 38, 39.

White, irregularly longitudinally flamed, forming two (or
sometimes three) interrupted broad bands ; body-whorl some-
what inflated, rdunded at the upper part, striate below ; spire"
striate. Length, 2 inches.

West Africa, West Indies (authors) ; Borneo.

The West Indies are not confirmed as locality by any of the
local collectors. " Borneo " is upon the label of specimens
before me, purchased from a London dealer. Deshayes, in the
second edition of Lamarck, admits the identity with this of
Lamarck's C. quaestor and C. muscosus, the latter being not adult.
C. Paulinae, Kiener, is also a synonym, according to Dr. Wein-
k a u if, and from the description of the unfigured G. Manoni,
Nevill (Indian Ocean), I am inclined to place it here also.

C. SUCCINCTUS, A. Ad. PL 3, fig. 40.

Light rose-colored, with two revolving lines of chestnut dots.
Length, 2T mill.

Natal, South Africa.
C. AMBIGUUS, Reeve. PL 3, figs. 41, 42.

Whitish, with obscure, light brown,- bands, and longitudinal
streaks ; spire ornamented with arched brownish spots.

Length, 1*5 inches.

West Africa.

Reeve says : " There is always a doubtful character about
shells exhibiting faint indications of color ; I have not, however,
succeeded in referring this to any species hitherto described."
G. griseus, Kiener (fig. 42), is a synonym.

C. TROCHULUS, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 43 a.

Shell white, with usually a violet tinge, interior of aperture
light violet. Length, 1 '25-1*5 inches.

Cape Verd Islands.
C. CUNEIFORMIS, Smith. PL 3, fig. 43.

White, faintty tinted with purple, spire, particularly towards
the apex, stained with pale brown ; interior of aperture light
violet ; spire with three or four fine spiral striae ; body-whorl
with revolving grooves, which become obsolete upon its upper
third. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

14 CONUS.

Distinguished from G. trochulus by its narrower, straighter
form, the sulcated body-whorl and striated spire.

C. CYANOSTOMA, A. Ad. PL 3, fig. 44.

Shell doubly striated on the spire, with revolving striae
towards the base ; ash-color, with longitudinal, brown markings,

aperture violaceous. Length, 1 inch.

West Africa.

May perhaps = C. trochulus, Reeve, as suggested by Wein-
kautf, but none of my specimens of the latter species have striae
on the spire, and they are all white, as in all the published figures.

C. CLARUS, E. A. Smith.

Shell abbreviately turbinate, rosy white, sulcate towards the
base; spire depressed-conical, striate; angle of body-whorl
carinated; aperture light rosaceous. Length, 27 mill.

West Australia.

An unfigured species, represented by a single specimen in the
British Museum. It is said to somewhat resemble C. cyanostoma,
A. Adams, but is narrower.

C. FRTGIDUS, Reeve. Plate 3, fig. 45.

Shell pale straw-color, violaceous at base and apex; spire
three-grooved, revolving striae on the lower part of the body-
whorl, which become granulose towards the base.

Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

A species having no well-marked characters.

C. VENULATUS, Hwass. PL o, figs. 46-50.

Color varying from light chestnut to dark chocolate, with
indistinct darker revolving lines, irregularly marbled throughout
with white ; spire and lower part of body-whorl striate.

Length, 1*25-2 inches.

West Coast of Africa.

The synonyms are C. nivosus, Lam. (fig. 47), and C. ateralbus,
Kiener. Dr. Weinkauff considers C. unifasciatus, Kiener, a
juvenile of the species, but does not state his reasons; the
figure is so different that I cannot agree to place the species
here.

CONUS. 15

Var. NIVIFER, Brod. PI. 3, figs. 48, 49.

The revolving lines of color are more distinct, with less of
the white maculation.

Var. CROTCHII, Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 50.

Shell smooth, striated at base and on the spire ; white, very
closely encircled throughout with fine thread-like burnt-brown
lines, sometimes interrupted with a few snow-white spots, spire
with the edge of the last whorl spotted with brown.

Saldana Bay, So. Africa; W. Africa.

Reeve describes this as a species, distinguishing it from C.
venulatus by the striate spire ; but the spire is distinctly striate
in a large proportion of the specimens (some are smooth) of C.
venulatus before me.

C. GENUANUS, Hwass. PL 3, fig. 51.

Shell pink-brown or violaceous brown, with revolving narrow
lines of alternate white and chocolate quadrangular spots and
dashes, these lines being usually alternately larger and smaller.
The surface is usually smooth, but sometimes the lines are
slightly elevated ; spire smooth. Length, 1*5-2 inches.

Senegal, Guinea, Moluccas.

C. PROMETHEUS, Hwass. PL 3, fig. 52.

Shell narrow, rather thin, spire sulcate; white, variegated
with numerous lines of short dashes and spots of light chestnut.

Length, 3-9 inches.

E. Africa, Madagascar, Senegal (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sciences).

This is the largest of the Cones, and is of very light build,
considering its size. A magnificent series is before me, including
the individual measuring nine inches in length, and which were
brought to Philadelphia by a vessel trading to the Gaboon region.
The smaller specimens approach too closely to C. papilionaceus.

C. FERGUSONI, Sowb. PL 4, fig. 52 a.

White, under a brown epidermis, lightly striulate transversely ;
shell heavy, with slightly channeled spire. Length, 5'75 inches.

Panama (Ferguson).

This species, which I have not seen, appears very like a faded
specimen of the last. The locality rests upon the original

16 CONUS.

description ; none other of the numerous Panama collections
published include any similar shell.

O. OMAICUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 53.

Shell narrow, whitish, encircled by numerous Hues of square
spots and dashes of orange-brown, often forming two or three
broad bands by their approximation. Length, 2-2*75 inches.

Ins. Oma, Banda Group; Amboina.

Section III. FIGULINI.
Dendroconus, Swain son, Morch.
C. BETULINUS, Linn. PL 4, figs. 54, 55.

Shell yellow or orange-br^own, with revolving series of spots,
and short lines of chocolate upon narrow white bands, spire
radiated with chocolate ; base of shell strongly grooved.
Length, 2*5-4 inches.
E. Africa, Isle of Bourbon, Ceylon, Java, China, Philippines.

Yar. SURATENSIS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 55.

Spots more numerous ; the more rugose growth-lines cause
them to be rather regularly interrupted, so that the}^ form longi-
tudinal as well as revolving series.

Philippines.
C. GLAUCUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 56.

Bluish ash or very light chocolate, with usually a lighter
narrow central band, and numerous short chocolate lines in
revolving series, spire broadly radiated with chocolate.

Length, 2 inches.

Sumatra,, Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines.

Resembles C. betulinus, var. Suratensis, but may be distin-
guished mainly by its color.

C. FIGULINUS, Linn. PL 4, figs. 57, 58 ; PL 27, fig. 1.

Chestnut-color, encircled by numerous narrow chocolate lines,
spire chocolate-colored. Length, 2-3*5 inches.

Ceylon, Java, Philippines, New Caledonia.

The body-whorl is occasionally narrowly light-banded in the
middle.

Yar. LOROISI, Kiener. PL 4, fig. 58.

Shell larger, with more depressed spire than usual in fiyulinus;

CONUS. 17

ash or chocolate cream-color, generally with an obscure light
central band, sometimes with more or less obscure chestnut
revolving lines, but generally these are absent; spire often
radiately streaked with chestnut.

This variety is almost intermediate between the typical C.
figulimis and G. glaucus, Hwass.

Yar. CHYTREUS, Melvill. PI. 27, fig. 1.

Shell small, slightly turbinated, brown, encircled with unevenly
placed, thick, dark red-brown lines, aperture narrow, spire some-
what rounded. Length, -63 inch. Smaller and with thicker and
more irregular color-lines than the t}Tpe ; aperture narrower.

C. QUERCINUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 59. •

Shell lemon-yellow, with numerous fine, rather close, chestnut
revolving lines ; spire rather elevated, with concave outline, the
shoulder of the body-whorl obtiisel}r angulated.

Length, 2-4 inches. ^

Red Sea, E. Africa, Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines,

Viti Islands, Sandwich Islands.

The revolving lines are much finer and closer than in the pre-
ceding species of this group ; the form of the spire is also
different. Ir? old specimens the revolving lines become
obsolete ; the shell in this state has received the name of C.
ponderosus, Beck.

C. PYRIFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 4, figs. GO, 61.

Shell light flesh-color, the spire gently acuminate, the earlier
whorls tuberculated, body-whorl p}rriform, the outline concave
below, with revolving striae towards the base.

Length, 2-3 inches.

West Columbia, Panama, etc.

C. patricius, Hinds (fig. 61), is the young of this species.

G. CALIFORNICUS, Hinds. PI. 4, figs. 62, 63.

Shell smooth, with convexly elevated spire, which is some-
times striate, and pyriform body-whorl, rounded or slightly
angulated at the shoulder, and striated towards the base ; light
olive-brown, with or without obscure chestnut reticulations and
maculations, sometimes light- or dark-spotted on the shoulder,
2

18 CONUS.

usually invested with a rather thin brown epidermis ; aperture
more or less tinged with chocolate. Length, 25-33 mill.

California.
C. dealbatus, A. Ad. (fig. 63), is a synonym.

C. UNIFASCIATUS, Kicner. PI. 4, fig. 65.

Shell the general form of C. Calif ornicus; chocolate, with a
rather broad yellowish brown band just below the shoulder.

Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Dr. Weinkaiiff makes this a juvenile of C. venulatus, Hwass,
but it does not appear to me to be closely allied to that species,
either in form or coloring ; on the contrary, its resemblance to
C. Californicus is so grea£ that I feel nearly certain that it
should be united with that species.

C. SCALPTUS, Reeve. PL 4, fig. 64.

Shell turbinated, rather solid, polished, grooved towards the
base ; whitish, with numerous hair-like, light brown, revolving
lines ; spire spirally striated, rather elevated, with sharp apex,
variegated with chestnut-color. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Dr. Weinkauff gives California as locality, but this must be
considered very doubtful, as the numerous collectors on that
coast have not yet discovered it.

Section IV. ARENATI.
Puncticulis, Swains., Morch.
•C. ARENATUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 66 ; PL 21, fig. 2.

Shell stoutly turbinated, coronated on the spire ; white,
sprinkled in a waved longitudinal manner with very small, close
brown dots, sometimes forming indistinct bands ; aperture
usually light flesh-color. Length, 2 inches.
Jted Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Viti Isles.

Vnr. MESOKATHAROS, Melvill. PL 21, fig. 2.

Middle portion of body-whorl unspotted.
'C. OBESUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 67.

Shell obsolete!}" coronated with tubercles, body-whorl some-
what convex, stout ; white or veiy pale yellow or blush, faintly

CONUS. 19

clouded, with numerous small chestnut or chocolate spots and
short lines, often forming dark clouds, so placed as to make
interrupted, revolving bands. Length, 2-2'75 inches.

Ceylon, Java.

C. PULICARIUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 68 ; PI. 5, fig. -69.

Shell white, the spire tubercuiated, covered by dark chocolate
or nearly black spots, which sometimes by their juxtaposition
indicate two bands ; epidermis, as in the other species of the
group, very thin, translucent. Length, l'5-2*5 inches.

Japan, New Guinea, New Caledonia to Central Polynesia.

C.fustigatus, Hwass (fig. 68), includes the varieties in which
the spots are larger and less numerous.

C. YAUTIERI, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 10.

Spire tuberculate, sides of bodj^-whorl nearly direct ; white,
with chestnut spots, overlaid here and there by lighter chestnut
clouds. Length, 33 mill.

N. Caledonia, Marquesas Islands.

C. STERCUS-MUSCARUM, Linn. PI. 5, fig. 71.

Shell with somewhat convex sides, a rather short, conical
spire, which is broadly channeled, and acutely angulated
shoulder ; white with numerous revolving lines of chocolate and
opaque white spots, and chocolate or chestnut cloudings forming
interrupted broad bands ; spire darkly maculated and spotted ;
aperture tinged more or less with flesh-color. Length, 2 inches.
Ceylon, Java, Philippines, N. Australia.

Section Y. MURES.
Coronaxis, Morch, not Swainson.

C. MUS, Hwass. PI. 5, figs. 72, 73.

Shell with tubercuiated spire, the body-whorl covered by nar-
row, raised revolving striae ; ash-white, longitudinally streaked
and maculated with chestnut, the tubercles of the spire white,
and usually a white band below the middle of the body-whorl ;
aperture chestnut-colored, with a central white band.

Length, 1-1-75 inches.

West Indies, Florida.

20 CONUS.

Yar. ROSEUS, Lam. PL 5, fig. 73.

Shell usually larger, rosy-, or purple-, or even yellowish-brown,
with white tubercles and a distinct white band below the middle
of the bod}T-whorl ; the striae are often punctate with chestnut,
and the spire is spotted with chestnut between the tubercles ;
aperture rosy or chestnut-color with a central white band.

Length, 1*5-2 inches.

C. PUNCTATUS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 5, fig. 74.

Shell yellowish pink or light yellowish brown, with (usually)
raised revolving lines closely marked with red or chestnut dots,
indistinctly white-banded on the middle, and often at the shoul-
der of the body-whorl ; spire with revolving striae and brown
mac illations — which often extend irregularly down the body-
whoii. Length, 1*5-2-25 inches.

West Africa, Ceylon, Moluccas, West Indies (Swift coll.).

C. HEBR^EUS, Linn. PI. 5, figs. 75-77 ; PL 27, fig. 13.

Shell white, sometimes rose-tinted, with three or four revolving-
bands composed of irregular longitudinal dark chocolate or
nearly black markings ; these markings also ornament the
slightly coronated spire; aperture white with clouded bands
corresponding with the exterior markings ; surface more or less
striate throughout, but striae more prominent towards the dark
stained base. Length, 1-1*75 inches.

Ceylon, E. Africa, Mauritius, Japan,

Philippines, New Caledonia to Viti Is., etc.

C. sphacelatits,Sovfl). (fig. 76), is considered by Dr. Weinkauff,
the juvenile of this species ; that it is a very young shell is evi-
dent, but I am by no means convinced that it is properly placed
here; Mr. Melvill, who possesses the type specimen, considers
it a distinct species.

Yin-. VERMICTJLATUS, Hwass. PL 5, fig. 77.

The black markings are more continuous, so as usually to
cover the length of the shell except an irregular white central
band ; sometimes those markings are impressed so that the
intervening white spaces project gramilously or tuberculately
above the surface; occasionally also the entire surface becomes
dark chocolate with the exception of the white band, and a white

CONUS. 21

spot here and there. Not so large as the type, rarely exceeding
an inch in length.

C. MACULIFERUS, Sowb. PI. 5, fig. 78.

Shell wide, with short spire, slightly coronate; yellowish white
writh two revolving series of irregular longitudinal chestnut
markings, which are sometimes partially connected one with
another in each series. Length, 30 mill.

Red Sea.
C. BALTEATUS, Sowb. PI. 5, figs. 79-81.

Shell olive-brown or brown violaceous, with a more or less
irregular white band below the middle, and another one below
the tuberculated spire ; interior of aperture tinged with violet.

Length, 1 inch.

Philippines, Nicobar Islands, Mauritius.

C. pigmentatus, Adams and Reeve (fig. 80), and C. cernicits,
H. Adams (fig. 81), are synon}^ms. In the latter, and sometimes
also in the former, the painting is more or less obscurely macu-
lated with white, but the specimens before me sufficiently indi-
cate the identity of these species.

C. ENCAUSTUS, Kiener. PL 5, figs. 82, 83.

Spire depressed, grooved and coronated with tubercles, body-
whorl with distant punctured grooves, more strongly and closely
grooved towards the base; clouded with chocolate- and ash-color,
and encircled with numerous chocolate and white spots in lines ;
aperture purplish. Length, 1'25 mill.

Marquesas Islands.

C. pr&text us, Reeve (fig. 83), is a synonym.

C. MILTARIS, Hwass. PL 5, figs. 84-90 ; PL 27, fig. 12.

Shell with spire more or less raised, striate or sometimes nearly
smooth, with or without tubercles; bocty-whorl striate, the stride
usually grannlous towards the base, and sometimes throughout ;
yellowish or light chestnut or grayish, variously clouded with
darker chestnut or olive, often irregularly light-banded at the
middle, and below the spire, and encircled with chestnut spots
on the strife ; interior chocolate, with a central white band.

Length, '75-1-25 inches.

lied Sea to Isle of Bourbon and Natal,

and to Sandwich and Galapagos Islands.

22 CON us.

A species of wide distribution, and apparently everywhere
common. There is considerable variation in the height and cor-
onation of the spire, as well as in the color and pattern of the
markings, and the consequence has been the description of
several species, which the large series of specimens before me
compels me to unite. C. minimus of Linnaeus has been identi-
fied with members of this group, but, as pointed out by Dr.
Weinkauff, erroneously. The latter author has made C. minimus
— C. achatinus. Hanley did not find any shell labeled minimus
in the Linnean collection. The synonyms include G. tiaratus,
Brod. (fig. 85 j, C. fulgetrum, Sowb. (fig. 86), C. scaber, Kiener
(fig. 87), and C. coronatus, Dillw.

Tar. ABBREVIATUS, Nuttall. PI. 5, fig. 89.

The spots are more distant and somewhat more regularly
disposed.

Sandwich Island*.

C. BarbadensiSj Hwass (not Reeve), is probably identical, and
does not inhabit the West Indies.

Tar. ARISTOPHANES, Duclos. PI. 5, fig. 90.

Shell violaceous gray, somewhat clouded with pink-white, the
revolving lines milk-white, interrupted by chestnut short dashes
and spots.

Red Sea, Philippines, Polynesia.
C. BACCATUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 92.

Shell minutely decussated, with regular rows of conspicuous
granules ; whitish, with large orange blotches arranged in three
bands ; spire-whorls concave, nearly smooth ; body-whorl with a
biangulate shoulder. Length, 23 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Described from a unique specimen in the collection of Dr.
Prevost, of Alen§on.

C. REFLECTUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 91.

Shell pear-shaped, anteriorly granulated, otherwise smooth,
very minutely coronated, spire closely grooved ; whitish, with
two broad bands of rose-color clouded with brown.

Length, 25 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Described from a single specimen.

CONUS.

23

C. T^NIATUS, Hwass. PL 6, fig. 93.

Shell indistinctly zoned alternately with pale violaceous and
white, vividly encircled with fillets of dark chocolate and white
articulations ; spire obsoletely coronated.

Length, 1-1-25 inches.

Red Sea, Ceylon, China.

Very close to C. genuanus in general appearance, but the
articulations are more regular in size and position, the spire is
slightly tuberculate.

C. CEYLONENSIS, Hwass. PL 6, figs. 94-100.

Shell coronated, with rather depressed spire, granular striate
towards the base ; white, variously marbled with chestnut, often
obscurely white-banded at the upper part and below the middle
of the body-whorl, base tinged with violet.
Length, -t5-'9 inch.

Red Sea, Ceylon, West Africa, Mauritius, Australia,

New Caledonia, Polynesia to Sandwich Is.,

Mazatlan, Cape St. Lucas.
C. mix, Brod. (fig. 95), and C. pusillus, Gould, are synonyms.

Yar. ACUTUS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 96.

Spire more elevated, shell smaller.

Ceylon.
Var. PUSILLUS (Chemn.\ Auct. PL 6, fig. 97.

Shell white with revolving rows of chestnut spots. Varies
from Ceylonensis in the same way that var. abbreviatus does
from miliaris.

Var. TENUISULCATUS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 98.

Lower half of the body-whorl finely sulcate ; white marbled
with light chestnut, with two darker ba'nds, which are flecked
with white ; base and aperture violaceous.

Mauritius.
Var. SPONSALIS, Chemn. PL 6, fig. 99.

Body-whorl somewhat convex on the sides, wide at the shoul-
der, which is somewhat rounded ; yellowish white, with a few
chestnut or red zigzag longitudinal markings, forming an inter-
rupted broad superior, and often a narrower inferior band ; base
violaceous.

Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia.

24 CONUS.

This is possibly a distinct species ; in which case the preceding
and following varieties should be placed with it.

Var. NANUS, Brod. PI. 6, fig. 100.

Shell usually smaller than the type, white, under a thin, liirht
3Tellowish brown epidermis, obsoletely maculated or occasionally
spotted with chestnut, base violaceous.

Polynesia, Australia..
C. SPECIOSUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 1.

Spire minutely crenulated ; irregularly marbled with chestnut
and white. Length, *8 inch. Locality unknown.

Is probably a juvenile shell; differs from C. Ceylonensis in
the base being without violet tint.

C. COUDERTI, Bernardi. PI. 6, fig. 2.

Spire not crenulated, marbled with chestnut and white,
obscurely indicating three bands. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Closely related to the foregoing species ; if identical, as sur-
mised by Dr. Weinkauff, Sowerby 's name will become a synonym.

C. RUTILUS, Menke. PL 6, fig. 3.

Shell thin, somewhat inflated, slightly coronated, surface
covered by close, nearly obsolete revolving stria3 ; brown or
brick-red, either unspotted or with faint darker dots in revolving
series. Length, *5 inch.

Australia, Tasmania.

C. Macleaijanus and C. Tasmanicus, Tenison- Woods, are syn-
onyms.

C. SMITHI, Angas. PL 6, fig. 4.

Shell not coronated, spirally grooved towards the base ; straw-
color or pink, clouded with pale chestnut, with (sometimes
obsolete) revolving lines of chestnut and white articulations,
and a faint white band; spire maculated with chestnut.

Length, -5 inch.

Botany Bay (Brazier) ; Port Stephens, Australia (Cox\

Is perhaps only a variety of the preceding species.

C. PONTIFICALIS, Lam. PL 6, fig. 5.

Spire couvexly elevated and tuberculated, whole surface
covered by very fine minutely punctured revolving lines ; epi-

CONUS. 25

dermis yellowish olive, very thin, usually persistent in a very
broad band upon the body-whorl, but absent from narrow
shoulder and basal bands, which, with the spire, are white.

Length, 1-1-25 inches.

Tasmania.

Section YI. YARII.

CoronaxiS) Stephanoconus and LeptoconuK, in part.
C. AURANTIUS, Hwass. PI. 6, figs. 6, 7.

Shell with elevated, tuberculated spire; surface irregularly
clouded with chestnut or orange and white, and minutely marked
with interrupted narrow brown or orange revolving lines, more
or less broken up into articulations ; upon the lower half of the
body-whorl these lines become striae, and are distantly, minutely
granular. Length, T5-2 inches.

Philippines, Molucca*, Neiv Caledonia.

A narrow shell, with more conical spire than the common West
Indian species, C. nebulosus. G. leucostictus, Grnel., includes
several species ; Sowerby*s identification of it may be placed
here.

C. VARIUS, Linn. PL 6, figs. 8-10.

White, marbled with orange, rose, chestnut or chocolate, with
sometimes revolving lines of spots ; spire with rather small
tubercles, basal half of body-whorl with revolving grooves,
upper half of body -whorl with revolving rows of tubercles, which
become more distinct towards the spire. Length, 25-40 mill.

Australia, New Caledonia, Philippines, Moluccas.

The synonyms include C. interruptus, Mawe (fig. 10) = C.
pulchellus, Sowb., not Swains., = C. Hwassi, A. Ad.

C. SUPERSCRIPTS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 11.

Shell smooth, strongly grooved anteriorly ; whitish tinged
with blue, irregularly ornamented with large yellowish blotches,
and encircled by numerous narrow bands composed of letter-like
spots ; spire grooved, maculated ; aperture tinged with purplish
brown. Length, 27 mill.

Madagascar.

Described from a single specimen in the collection of the
Marchioness Paulucci, Florence.

26 CONUS.

C. BCETICUS, Reeve. PL 6, figs. 12-14.

Spire striate, slightly tuberculate, body-whorl granular, striate
towards the base ; white, marbled with chestnut or chocolate,
with revolving rows of chestnut spots. Length, 1-1-5 inches.

Philippines, Moluccas.

C. rivularis, Reeve (fig. 13), in which the granules extend
more or less over the entire surface, may be considered a synonym
or slight varietj11, the variation being in the direction of the pre-
ceding species. C. albomaculatus, Sowb. (fig. 14), is a similar
shell, and has priority of publication, but I am not positive as
to its identity with hoeticus.

C. MURICULATUS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 15.

Shell with straight sides, and short conical spire, the shoulder
sharply angulated and tuberculated ; body-whorl strongly striate
towards the base, encircled throughout with lines of granules ;
white, violet-tinged towards the base, with two light chestnut or
yellowish brown, broad, irregular and somewhat indistinct bands.

Length, 1 inch.

Philippines.
C. PLUMBEUS, Reeve. PL 7, figs. 16, IT.

Shell violaceous, more or less marbled with chestnut, and more
or less granular on the body-whorl ; spire convex^ conical,
tuberculated ; aperture violaceous. Length, 1 inch.

South Africa.

C. liratus, Reeve, is a juvenile of this species. It is closely
related to C. muriculalus.

C. MOLUCCENSIS (Chemn.), Auct. PL T, figs. 18, 19.

Shell coronated ; yellowish white, marbled and streaked with
chestnut, with minute revolving lines of granules .which are
often somewhat articulated red-brown and white.

Length, 1*6 inches.

Moluccas.

The synonyms are C. Stain forthii, Reeve, and C. proximus,
Sowb. (PL 1, fig. 19); the latter less granulate and apparently
not fully grown.

C. MAGELLANICUS, Hwass. PL 7, figs. 20-23

Shell smooth, with distant revolving striae, the upper ones
nearly obsolete ; spire concavely depressed, with raised apex and

CONUS. 27

somewhat tuberculate ; yellowish with a band of irregular white
blotches dotted and shaded with chestnut in the centre, and
smaller ones at the upper part and base ; apex pink.
Length, 1 inch.

West Indies 1

Dr. Weinkauff quotes several West Indian Islands as locali-
ties for this species, but it is not in the Swift collection of W. I.
shells, nor does it occur in Mr. Krebs' catalogue. Possibly it is
a variation -of C. nebulosus, Linn.

C. specionissimu.8, Reeve (fig. 21), is a variet}r, according to
Dr. "Weinkauff, and C. Lube.ckianus, Bernard! (fig. 22), is a pale
example of it. Sowerby considers C. cidaris, Kiener (fig. 23),
another variety.

C. CARDINALIS, Hwass. PI. 7, fig. 24.

Spire tuberculated ; body-whorl encircled by lines of granules ;
yellowish pink or scarlet-pink, with an irregular central white
band, which is occasionally spotted with brown.

Length, 1 inch.

Lesser Antilles, Venezuela ?
C. DIANTHUS, Sowb. PL 7, fig. 25.

Shell rather abbreviately conical, pale pink, with irregular
patches of orange ; with rather distant revolving ridges and
faint longitudinal striae, undulating across the ribs and forming
thereon minute scales; last whorl obscurely coronated; aperture
pink within. Length, 28 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. ARCHON, Brod. PI. 7, figs. 26-29.

Spire concavely elevated, not coronated ; body-whorl smooth,
slightly striate below ; irregularly marbled with chestnut and
white, with equidistant chestnut revolving lines bearing white
spots. Length, 1*5-2*75 inches.

West Coast of Central America.

C. castaneus, Kiener (fig. 27), is a synonym.

Yar. GRANARIUS, Kiener. PI. 7, fig. 29.

The white spots upon the revolving lines are granularly
elevated.

C. sanguineus, Kiener (fig. 28), is a similar shell.

28 CONUS.

C. LAMBERTI, Souverbie. PI. 7, fig. 30.

Shell smooth; orange-brown, with large subtriangular white
patches, mostly arranged so as to indicate three broad bands.

Length, 107 mill.

New Caledonia.
C. NEBULOSUS, Solander. PI. 7, figs. 31-34.

Spire concavely elevated, tuberculate, closely striate ; nebu-
lously painted with orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate and
white, the latter forming usually an interrupted and irregular
central band, besides being miscellaneously disposed on other
parts of the surface ; encircled by close narrow brown lines,
which are sometimes slightly raised. Length, l*5-2'25 inches.
West Indies and the adjoining shores of N. and S. America.

The variations of this beautiful species in the shades and pat-
tern of coloring are almost endless. It is the C. leucostictus^
Gmelin, of Crosse, and includes also the C. Barbadcnsis. of
Reeve, not Hwass, C. solidus, Chemn., and C. cedo-nulli, Hwass
(figs. 32-34). The latter has usually been considered a distinct
species, but its characters of narrower shoulder and spotted
lines have no distinctive value.

C. TAYLORIANUS, E. A. Smith. PL 7, fig. 35.

Spire coronate, body-whorl with punctate revolving grooves ;
very dark chocolate, with a few white patches.

Length, 20 mill.

Australia ?
C. BBUNNEUS, Gray. PL 7, figs. 36, 37.

Spire short conical, tuberculate; chestnut-brown, lineated with
chocolate, with sometimes longitudinal white macnlations form-
ing a broad central interrupted band, and a few additional
maculations on other portions of the surface ; base subgranularly
striate. Length, 1'75 inches.

W. Coast of Cent. America, Galapagos Is.

Rather closely related to varieties of C. nebulosux. The uni-
formly brown-colored specimens = C. diadema, Sowb. (fig. 3(5).

C. GLADIATOR, Brod. PL 8. fig. 38.

Spire rather depressed, tuberculate and striate; chocolate-
brown, variegated with white, disposed in longitudinal streaks,
with an irregular white band, and more or less distinct revolving

CONUS. 29

lines of darker brown ; interior white or tinged with chocolate ;
epidermis fibrous. Length, 1/25-1/75 inches.

West Coast of Cent. America.
Too closely allied to C. brunneus.

C. SUFFUSUS, Sowb. PL 8, figs. 39, 40.

Shell tuberculate on the spire, entire surface with revolving-
fine striae, becoming faint or obsolete above ; rosy, more or less
faintly three- or four-banded with light chestnut; epidermis thin,
light olivaceous. Length, 2-25 inches.

New Caledonia.

Crosse's var. Noumeensix (fig. 40) can be united with the
typical suffusus, its distinctive character being slight.

C. PRINCEPS, Linn. PL 8, figs. 41-43.

Shell with low, distantly but distinctly tuberculated spire, and
direct sides, slightly striate at the base; yellowish brown, orange
or pink, sometimes without markings, but usually with irregular
longitudinal chestnut or chocolate strigations most of which are
continuous from spire to base, and varying from fine and close
to heavier and more distant markings ; interior yellow or pink ;
epidermis dark brown, fibrous, with distant revolving series of
tufted spots. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches.

West Coast of Central America.

The broad-striped state is C. regius, Chemn. (fig. 42) ; that
with the stripes obsolete, C. lineolatux, Val. (fig. 43).

Section VI I. AMMIRALES.
Leptoconu8,Wdrcb. Rhizoconus, Morch, pars.
C. AMMIR.ALLS, Liijii. PL 8, figs. 44-46.

Chestnut-color with darker revolving lines, and upper, basal
and one or two approximate bands, finely reticulated with yellow
on a white ground ; this pattern is overlaid with large, irregularly
disposed triangular white spots. Length, 2-5 inches.

Madagascar, Ceylon, Mauritius, East Indies,

Philippines, New Caledonia.

C. archithalassus, Dillw. (fig. 45), is a variety with coronated
spire ; in another variety figured by Kiener (fig. 46), the revolving
lines are elevated into granules.

30 CONUS.

C. NOBILIS, Linn. PL 8, figs. 4T-49.

Spire depressed, with sulcate and finely striate volutions,
shoulder-angle sharp ; yellowish brown or chestnut, with close
revolving lines of numerous small chestnut spots, whole surface
irregularly overlaid by triangular large white spots.

Length, 2-2'5 inches.

Philippines, Moluccas, Andaman Is.

C. cordigerus, Sowb. (fig. 48), and G. victor, Brod. (fig. 49), are
synonyms.

C. TIIALASSIARCHUS, Gray. PL 8, figs. 50, 51.

Spire depressed and nearly smooth, with a sharp angle ; white,
longitudinally and angularly reticulated with chestnut lines,
chocolate-tinted at the base ; sometimes with an irregular central
white band covered by revolving lines of spots, and occasionally
with yellowish bands above and below the latter and similarly

spotted. Length, 2-3 inches.

Philippines, Eed Sea (Jickeli).

C. castrensis, Grould, has priority of publication, but as that
name has not obtained currency, it is, perhaps, best not to
revive it.

C. AMADIS (Martini), Auct. PL 8, fig. 52.

Spire striate, channeled, concavely elevated, sharp-pointed,
shoulder-angle sharp ; lower part of body-whorl punctured-
grooved; orange-brown to chocolate-colored, thickly covered
with lar^e and small subtriangular white spots, which by their
varied disposition sometimes form a white central band, or dark
bands ^bove and below the centre— the latter occasionally bearing
articulated revolving lines. Length, 2*5-3'5 inches.

Ceylon, Java, New Caledonia, Polynesia.

C. WEINKAUFFII, Lobbecke. PL 8, fig. 53.

Spire gradate ; body-whorl striate towards the base ; whitish,
encircled by numerous alternate rows of large and small oblong
chocolate blotches. Length, 80 mill.

New Caledonia.
C. COXENI, Brazier. PL 9, fig. 58.

Shell fusiform, thick, heavy, with twenty deep, spiral punctated

CONUS. 3 1

lines below, and three at the shoulder-angle ; marked with brown
flames and white and brown dots in revolving series.
Length, 1-25 inches.

Moreton Bay, Australia.

C. ACUMINATUS, Hwass. PL 8, fig. 54 ; PL 9, fig. 55.

Spire channeled, concavely elevated ; yellowish or pink-white,
with a network of chestnut or chocolate; sometimes indistinctly
banded, with lines of spots on the bands; aperture generally
rose-tinted. Length, 1'5-1'75 inches.

Red Sea.

Besides being smaller, the pattern of coloring on this shell
differs from that of C. Amadis by being reticulated rather than
triangularly spotted. C. insigms, Sowb., is a synonym.

Yar. CUNEATUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 55.

Shell not reticulated ; pink-white, with two pale yellow bands
and a very few chestnut spots on the body-whorl and spire ;
aperture rosy. At first sight appears distinct. Jickeli has
figured it as a variety, in his paper on the Cones of the Red Sea.

C. SCHECH, Jickeli. PL 9, fig. 56.

Shell narrow; yellowish, reticulated with chestnut or choco-
late, with two broad, spotted dark bands. Length, 1-1-5 inches.

Eed Sea.

Is perhaps only an extreme variety of C. acuminatus, Hwass.
It is the C. Neptunus of Kiener (not Reeve), and is figured by
Sowerby as a variety of C. Amadis.

C. NODULOSUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 59.

Shell with elevated, channeled spire ; yellowish, delicately and
openly reticulated with chestnut ; aperture roseate.

Length, 2 inches.

Australia (Taylor collection).

The locality is very doubtful, as is also the claim of the shell
to recognition as a species distinct from C. acuminatus.

C. LUCTIFICUS, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 60.

Spire rather elevated, channeled ; body-whorl with straight
sides, closely grooved towards the base ; whitish, stained and
longitudinally streaked with reddish brown, and encircled with

32 CONUS.

interrupted fillets of a darker brown, leaving a whitish hand
around the centre and along the upper margin; spire tessellated.

Length, 37 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Dr. Weinkauff supposes this to be a variety of C. acuminatus,
Hwass ; it appears to me to be too close to C. monile, Hwass.

C. BIFASCIATUS. Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 61.

Shell rosy white, with a chestnut band on the spire, one above
the middle and another at the base of the body-whorl.

Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

An obscure species, only known by Sowerby's figure and A.
Adams' description of C./asciatus (preoccupied).

C. SPICULUM, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 62.

Shell narrowly fusiform, with greatly elevated spire ; body-
whorl ridged at the base ; whitish, with a few chestnut spots.

Length. 1 inch.

Philippines.

Said hy Reeve to differ from the young of C. generalis ; it is,
however, undoubtedly a young shell. Several specimens occurred
to C uming, dredged at 25 fathoms.

C. SUBCAUINATUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 63.

Shell smooth, silicate towards the base ; white, tinted with
very light purple, with brown, angulated longitudinal flames,
interrupted by a central white band ; a variety has two wide
bands, ornamented with interrupted revolving lines.

Length, 40 mill.

Nicobar Ides.

I am not acquainted with this species.

C. FULGURANS, Hwass. PL 9, figs. 65, 66.

Shell ovately conical, rather solid, spire broadly channeled,
base distantly grooved ; white, with rust-brown flexuous longi-
tudinal flames, and a white central band, with revolving row of
spots. Length, 40 mill.

Moluccas j N. Australia (Brazier).

Dr. Weinkauff makes C. eximius, Reeve (fig. 66), = the young
of this species.

CON US. oo

C. MALACCANUS, Hwass. PL 9, fig. 64.

Spire slightly convex, apex elevated, flatly channeled ; base

snlcate ; white, doubly banded with pale orange-red, the lower

band being the wider, variegated between the bands by chestnut
longitudinal lines and clouds, and occasional revolving series of
short lines — the latter often bordering the bands also.

Length, 2'5 inches.

Ceylon, Nicobar Is., Malacca.

Nearly the same pattern of coloring as in C. generalis, but
differing in the revolving short lines.

C. DELESSERTIANUS, Reclnz. PL 9, fig. 67.

Shell with concavely elevated, sulcated spire, body-whorl
grooved towards the base; yellowish white, three-banded with
orange-brown, spotted and flamed with chestnut.

Length, 2'3 inches.

Isl. of Socotra, E. Africa.

Somewhat peculiar in its elevated spire and acuminated body,
whorl.

C. CENTURIO, Born. PL 9, fig. 68.

Whorls of the rather low spire with shallow sulcus, body-whorl
grooved towards the base; yellowish brown, two-banded with
white, the whole surface overlaid with longitudinal flames and
short streaks and zigzags of chestnut-color ; spire chestnut-
flamed. Length, 2-2*5 inches.

Went Indies, Venezuela, Guiana.

C. ANABATIIRUM, Crosse. PL 9. fig. G9.

Spire elevated, gradate, body-whorl grooved towards the base;
pale yellowish brown, with a central white band and scattered
white maculations, obscureLy encircled by lines of light chestnut
spots. Length, 1 inch.

Hob. unknown (Crosse) ; Mauritius (Weinkauff).

C. ARTICULATUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 70.

Chestnut-colored, with revolving lines articulated with choco-
late and white, a central white band and another below the angle
of the spire. Length, 18 mill.

Mauritius.

Dr. Weinkauff ma^es this a synonym of the preceding species.

34 CONUS.

C. TEGULATUS, Sowerby. PI. 9, fig. 71.

Shell rather narrow, with concavely elevated spire ; body-
whorl distantly sulcate throughout, between the sulci planilirate ;
white, with chestnut linear spots arranged in longitudinal flam-
mules, giving a tessellated appearance, and forming two obscure
bands. Length, 21 mill.

China Sea.
C. MACABRE, Bernardi. PI. 9, fig. 12.

Orange-brown, with fine, close, faint chestnut revolving lines, a
white band on the middle and another at the shoulder of the
body-whorl, both marked or bordered by irregular chestnut
blotches. Length, 40 mill.

Mauritius.
C. MONILE, Hwass. PI. 9, fig. 73.

Spire nearly plane, with raised apex, chestnut-flamed ; body-
whorl closely striate below, and generally chestnut-stained at
the base ; white, with oblique flames, spots and short lines of
chestnut arranged in revolving series.

Length, 2-2*5 inches.

Ceylon, Java, Philippines.

C. GENERALIS, Linn. PL 9, fig. 74 ; PL 27, fig. 4.

Spire rather plane, with acuminate, raised apex; orange-brown
to chocolate, irregularly white-banded at the shoulder, in the
middle, and at the base, the bands overlaid with zigzag or irreg-
ular chocolate-colored markings. Length, 2'5 inches.
Red Sea, Ceylon, Isle of Bourbon, E. Africa,

E. Indies, Philippines, N. Caledonia.
C. spiroglossus, Desh. (fig. 4), is a juvenile of this species.

€. MALDIVUS, Hwass. PL 9, fig. 75 ; PL 10, fig. 76.

Shell encircled by distant revolving lines of small spots ;
sometimes irregularly clouded with white, not forming bands ;
at other times irregularly banded. Length, 2-3 inches.

Eed Sea, Ceylon, Mas/car ene and Maldiue Is.

Is possibly only a variety of C. generalis.

C. TRAVERSIANUS, Smith. PL 10, fig. 86.

Shell narrow, distantly sulcate, the upper sulci nearly obsolete ;
pale pink, with two broad orange-red bands, and with revolving

CONUS.

lines of red and white articulations ; aperture rose-colored ; spire
grooved, dotted with red and white at th^ sutures.

Length, 43 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. BAYANI, Jousseaume. PI. 10, fig. 87.

White, with longitudinal streaks and clouds of light chestnut,
forming two interrupted broad bands', .upon which are vestiges
of a few narrow revolving lines of chocolate. Length, 55 mill.

? Isle of Bourbon.
C. GUESTIERI, Lorois. PI. 10, fig. 88.

Shell with distant revolving grooves ; orange-brown, with a
narrow central band of white maculations ; spire tessellated,

striate. Length, 14 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Probably a young shell.

C. VOLUMINALIS, Hinds. PI. 10, figs. 77, 78.

Shell whitish or yellowish white, usually faintly lined with
yellow or light chestnut, with two bands of irregular longitudinal

light chestnut blotches. Length, 1-5 inches.

Malacca.
Var. FLORIDULUS, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 78.

Rosy white, the bands more continuous, base violet-tinted.
C. LORENZIANUS, Chemn. PI. 10, fig. 79.

Shell pinkish white, longitudinally interruptedly strigate with
chestnut, forming, by the regular breaks, numerous revolving
zones. Length, 1-5-2 inches.

West Indies (Weinkauff).

The locality given for this species is very uncertain.

C. VIRGATUS, Reeve. PL 10, figs. 80-82.

Shell pinkish white, rather narrow, continuously but irregu-
larly longitudinally strigate with chestnut. Length, 1*5-2 inches.

W. Coast of Central America.

This is the C. Lorenzianus and C. zebra of Reeve's Iconica.
C. Cunringii, Reeve, in part (fig. 81), and C. sanguinolentus,
Reeve (fig. 82), are varieties in which the longitudinal striga-
tions are obsolete, or nearly so.

C. SCALARIS, Yalenc. PI. 10, fig. 83.

Spire elevated, gradate, maculated with chestnut ; body-whorl

36 CONUS. '

somewhat acuminate below; yellowish white with brown-chestnut

longitudinal strigations, scarcely interrupted for a narrow central
white band, and replaced towards the base by a few revolving
rows of chestnut markings. Length, 3 inches.

Panama to Gulf of California.

C. FLAVESCENS, Gray. PI. 10, fig. 84.

Shell smooth, grooved towards the base ; yellowish, variegated
with large irregular white blotches, arranged mostly just below
the shoulder-angle, and below the middle of the body-whorl, so
as to form two interrupted bands. Length, '75-1 inch.

So. Australia? Ceylon1?
C. LARGILLIERTI, Kiener. PI. 10, fig. 85.

Spire rather elevated, maculated ; light chestnut, with darker
revolving lines of spots, and usually a white central band.

Length, 1 25-l'T5 inches.

Yucatan.

This is the C. Japonicus, Brng., according to Mr. Sowerby,
but Kiener's identification of that undetermined species is quite
different.

C. PEALIT, Green. PL 10, figs. 89-92.

Spire conically elevated ; body-whorl grooved on the lower
half; yellowish, maculated with chestnut, with numerous white
and chestnut dots arranged in revolving lines ; spire sparingly
strigate with chestnut, the strigations give the appearance of
depressions upon the sharp angle of the body-whorl, so that at
first sight this appears as though coronated.

Length, '75-1 25 inches.

Florida, Bahamas.

C. Stearnsii, Conrad (fig. 91), and C. candidus, Kiener (fig.
92), are synonyms.

C. LEMNISCATUS, ReCVC. PI. 10, fig. 93.

Shell with slightly contracted sides ; spire acuminated with
strong growth-lines; body-whorl delicately ridged throughout ;
whitish, maculated with chestnut, and every alternate ridge
chestnut-spotted. Length, 1*5 inches.

]]<i!>itdt in//,-/

C. urifjifteifHS, Sowerby, was described sixteen] years later from
the same specimen.

CONUS. 37

C. CLERTT, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 94.

Shell finely rtclged throughout ; white, variegated with choco-
late longitudinal, flammules and streaks. Length, 1'25 inches*

Brazil, Venezuela, West Indies.

C. MINUTUS, Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 95 a.

Shell flesh-color, with two approximate, central brown bands.

Length, 9 mill.

Island of St. Vincent, West Indies.

This is a very young shell, and should not have been described
as a distinct species, as its adult state is very probably known
under another name.

C. EMARGINATUS, Reeve. PL 10, figs. 95, 96.

Shell with conically elevated, channeled spire; body-whorl
grooved below, its sides concave ; white, longitudinally streaked
and flamed with chocolate. Length, 45 mill.

Venezuela to Brazil.

Very probably equals C. Clerii, from which it differs mainly
in the want of striae on the upper portion of the body-whorl,
and its somewhat more concave sides. C. lentiginosus, Reeve
(fig. 96), is considered a variety by Dr. Weinkauif.

C. VILLEPINI, Bernardi and Fischer. PL 10, fig. 97.

Shell smooth, with sharply angled shoulder, grooved towards
the base, and striate spire ; yellowish white, with chocolate
mac illations forming three obscure bands. Length, 30 mill.

Marie Galante, West Indies.

Is possibly a variety of C. emarginatus.

C. REGULARIS, Sowb. PL 11, figs. 98-2.

Shell white or yellowish white, with chestnut-chocolate macu-
lations and spots, variously arranged in revolving series ; some-
times the ground-color of the shell is chestnut, with dark
chocolate markings and chocolate aperture ; spire somewhat
concavely elevated, with acute apex ; epidermis thin, smooth,
translucent. Length, l'5-2*5 inches.

Panama to Mazatlan, Guaymas.

One of the most characteristic species of the West Coast of
Mexico. Its synonyms include C. dispar, Sowb. (fig. 2), C.
incur viiSj Kiener (fig. 100), and G. anyulatus, A. Ad. (fig. l\

38 CONUS.

C. SELECTUS, A. Adams. PL 11, fig. 3.

Shell thin, encircled by brown punctate lines, ^contracted and
sulcate at the base, slightly swollen at the sides, acutely angulate
at the spire. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

A species of doubtful validity, not very different from the
following.

C. FLORIDANUS, Gabb. PI. 11, figs. 4, 5.

Spire elevated, somewhat tabulate ; body-whorl with straight
sides, grooved towards the base ; yellowish white, mottled and
streaked with chestnut, with an obscure central white band, and
another narrower one at the shoulder, between the bands often
encircled with rows of brown spots. Length, 1-4-2 inches.

Florida, Bahamas.

C. Floridensis, Sowb. (fig. 5), is a synonym.

C. SIEBOLDII, "Reeve. PI. 11, figs. 6, T.

Spire rather elevated, the sutures sharply carinate ; body-
whorl narrow, grooved below; white, with a few central
chestnut blotches. Length, 2 inches.

Japan, China.

C. rarimaculatus, Sowb. (fig. 7), is probably the young of
this species.

C. PAPILLARIS, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 8.

Spire elevated, somewhat tabulate, finely tuberculated ; white,
longitudinally streaked in a clouded manner with orange-brown.

Length, 1'75 inches.

Borneo.
C. GRADATULUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 57.

Spire elevated, gradate, with channeled whorls; body-whorl
roseate ; with three series of longitudinal maculations of
chestnut-color, forming interrupted bands ; aperture ros}^

Length, 1*75 inches.

Agulhas Ba,nk, So. Africa.

Described b}' Sowerby as C. turritus, a name preoccupied by
Lamarck for a fossil species.

C. OPTABILIS, A. Ad. PL 11, fig. 9.

Spire elevated, slightly gradate, body-whorl slightly grooved
towards the base ; color uniform roseate. Length, *8 inch.

Habitat unknown.

CONUS. 39

A doubtful species ; it may possibly = the preceding, but is
proportionally stouter.

C. MAZEI, Desk. PI. 11, fig. 10.

Shell long and narrow, with striated, conical spire, and smooth
body-whorl, at base distantly punctate-striate ; yellowish white,
with rather distant rows of chestnut spots. Length, 60 mill.

Martinique ; deep sea.

A remarkable species, of which a single specimen was obtained
as above.

Section VIII. CAPITANET.
Rhizoconus, pars, Morch.

C. SUMATRENSIS, Hwass. PL 11, figs. 11, 12.

Spire usually somewhat convex, striate, white, broadly flamed
with chocolate; body-whorl white or yellowish brown, with
irregular chocolate longitudinal strigations ; partially interrupted
so as to form a central white band. Length, 2'5-3'5 inches.

Red Sea ; ? Sumatra.

Var. NEMOCANUS, Hwass. Plate 11, fig. 12.

The longitudinal markings are less defined, broader, and give
a darker shade to the shell.

Red Sea, E. Indies, Mauritius, Philippines, N. Caledonia.

C. badius, Kiener, and C. Isevigatus, Sowb. (in part), are syn-
onymous.

C. VEXILLUM, Gmelin. PI. 11, figs. 12 a, 13, 14.

Shell large and rather thin ; spire striate ; yellowish or chestnut-
color, with an irregular white central band, sometimes obso-
lete, and occasionally another interrupted band at the shoulder ;
spire variegated with white and chestnut broad flames, the latter
often overlaying also the lighter chestnut of the bod} -whorl.

Length, 3-4*5 inches.

E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Philippines,

N. Caledonia, Samoan Isles.

This species includes C. laevigatus, Sowb., pars (fig. 13), and
possibly C. Robillardi, Bern. (fig. 14) ; the latter a young shell.

40 CONUS.

C. CONGO LOR, Sowb. PL 11, fig. 15.

Spire striate ; entire surface uniform cinnamon-brown color,
encircled on the body-whorl by narrow brown lines.

Length, 2 inches.

. Indi a, China.

Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species.

C. MUTABILTS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 12, figs. 19, 20.

Shell somewhat swollen above, spire striate ; light yellowish
brown, variegated b%y darker strigations, and faint revolving-
lines or rows of spots, often indistinctly lighter-banded in the
middle. Length, T75-2-5 inches.

Red Sea, E. Indies, China.

C. hyaena, Reeve, not Hwass (fig. 20). is a synonym.

C. MILES, Linn. PI. 11, fig. 16 ; PL 27, fig. 11.

Spire obsoletely tuberculate or smooth ; rather depressed ;
body-whorl spirally ridged at the base ; yellowish white, with
close narrow thread-like longitudinal chestnut strigations, inter-
rupted by a chocolate revolving band above the middle, base
stained chocolate ; aperture banded, chocolate and white.
Length, 2-4 inches.

E. Africa, Ceylon, Japan, Philippines,

N. Caledonia, Central Polynesia.

C. CAPITANEUS, Linn. PL 12, figs. 21-24 ; PL 11, figs. It, 18.

Spire low, striate, flamed with chocolate and white ; body-
whorl yellowish, or orange-brown, encircled by rows of chestnut
dots, usually stained chocolate at the base, there is a central
white band, with chocolate hierogtyphic markings on either side,
and a shoulder-band, crossed by chocolate smaller longitudinal
markings ; aperture chocolate, with a white band.

Length, 2-3 inches.

Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia,

Polynesia, Mauritius.

Var. MUSTELINUS, Hwass. PL 11, figs. 17,18 ; PL 12, figs. 23, 24 ;

PL 21, figs. 5, 6.

The border-markings of the bands reduced to spots, the other
revolving spots of the typical form absent. Clearly connected
with the type by intermediate states.

CON US. 41

C. citrinus, Kiener (fig. 18), and C. sulphuraius, Kiener (fig.
17), are half-grown and young specimens; C. tennis, Sowb. (PI.
27, fig. 5), is another young shell, but differing in color.

Var. CECILIA, Chenu. PL 12, fig. 24 : PL 27, fig. 6.

Shell colored like the type, but encircled with punctations
impressed in lines.

C. classiarius, Kiener (PL 12, fig. 24), is probably identical.

C. RATTUS, Hwass. PL 12, figs. 25-27.

Shell yellowish brown or ash-color, often with fine close chest-
nut revolving lines, with large white spots and maculations
usually forming an interrupted central band and another at the
shoulder. Length, 1'25-1'75 inches.

Eed Sea, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Tahiti, etc.

C. Taheitensis, Hwass (fig. 26), is a color-variety of this spe-
cies, and C. viridis, Sowb. (fig. 27), is an unusually colored
juvenile.

C. SEMIVELATUS, Sowb. PL 12, fig. 29.

Shell plum-color, indistinctly light-banded in the middle and
on the shoulder; aperture purple. Length, 16 mill.

Red Sea.
C. LISCIIKEANUS, Weinkauff. PL 12, fig. 28.

Whorls of the spire with shallow channel, body-whorl smooth,
striate at the base; sulphur-yellow, without ornamentation except
maculations on the spire ; aperture white. Length, 52 mill.

Japan.

Resembles C. mutabilis, Chemn., but is immediately distin-
guished by its channeled spire.

C. CLASSIAIUUS, Hwass. PL 12, figs. 30-34.

Shell olive-brown, or ash-color, with a white central band, and
usually another obsolete one below the shoulder-angle, encircled
by numerous chestnut and white articulated lines ; spire macu-
lated with chestnut ; aperture light chocolate with central white
band. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches.

Red Sea.

C. Blainmllei, Kiener, and C. splendidulus, Sowb. (fig. 31), are
identical, and C. Ruppellii, Reeve (fig. 32), and C. adastus, Sowb.
'(fig. 33), are young shells. "

42 CONUS.

Var. PAZII, Bernardi. PI. 12, fig. 34.

Shell whitish, with irregular orange-brown longitudinal macu-
lations, interrupted to form a white band at the shoulder, another
at the middle, and a third at the base of the body-whorl; every-
where encircled with small spots in revolving series.

C. TRIGONUS, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 35.

Somewrhat triangularly ovate, grooved at the base ; spire
depressed, five-grooved, sharp at the apex; white, stained and
banded with reddish brown, and encircled with numerous narrow
delicately articulated filaments ; spire tessellated.

Length, 1'25 inches.

Philippines.
C. AUREOLUS, Sowb. PL 12, fig. 36.

Spire rather depressed, with sharp apex, body-whorl striate
below ; yellowish, with light chestnut spots in revolving series.

Length, '15-1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

The specimen of largest dimension is before me ; it agrees
perfectly with Sowerby's figure, and certainly is not fully grown.

C. COFFEA, Gmelin. PL 12, figs. 37-39.

Shell yellowish brown, white-banded in the middle and less
distinctly so at the shoulder and base of the body-whorl ; these
bands are sometimes maculated, like the spire, with chestnut,
and there are, on the darker portions, occasional faint chestnut
revolving lines. Length, 2 inches.

Red Sea, East Africa, Malacca.

Closely united in characters with G. rattus, of which it may
be only a variety ; partakes also of the characters of C. classia-
rius, and less distinctly of G. capitaneus. It is not unlikely that
these species, with G. mustelinus, will need to be united when
we become better acquainted with the variations of the Cones.
C. excavatus, Sowb. (fig. 38), and C. incarnatus, Reeve (fig. 39),
are respectively fine and pale-colored varieties of G. coffea.

C. TURBINATUS, Sowb. PL 12, fig. 40.

Shell yellowish brown, with several narrow, lighter bands;
grooved towards the base. Length, 1*75 inches.

Habitat unknown.

CONUS.

43

C. VITTATUS, Lam. PL 13, figs. 41-44.

Shell pink-brown, maculated or strigatecl longitudinally with
light chestnut, with chestnut-dotted revolving striae, and a ceritrai-
white, chestnut maculated band ; spire convex maculated with
chestnut. Length, 2 inches.

Panama, Real Llejos.

C. Cumingii, Reeve, in part (fig. 42), said to have been col-
lected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, appears to be
synonymous.

Yar. ORION, Brod. PL 13, figs. 43, 44.

Shell broader and more angular at the shoulder, spire not
convex ; color dark brown, with similar maculated white bands,
and rather continuous revolving lines of darker brown. C. Heno-
quei, Bernardi (fig. 44), is probably identical.

Section IX. VIRGINES.
Lithoconus, pars, Mo'rch.

C. YIRGO, Linn. PL 13, figs. 45, 46.

Shell solid, rounded below the shoulder-angle, spire flatly
convex, slightly striate throughout, more distinctly at the base ;
pale yellowish brown, tinged with violet at the base.

Length, 2-5-3'5 inches.

Red Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines,

New Caledonia, Polynesia,.

The shells figured by Reeve, Weinkauff and Sowerby for C.
pastinaca, Lam., are probably worn specimens of this species.
C. pastinaca is a doubtful species, the specimens in the
Lamarckian collection at Geneva including, besides the above
form, others lined like C. quercinus.

Yar. GOSLING, Crosse. PL 13, fig. 46.

Spire nearly plane, body-whorl a little swollen below, and
twisted so as to form a very oblique slight columellar fold.

New Caledonia.

44 CONUS.

C. EMACIATUS, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 4f.

Shell narrow, with depressed conical spire, ridged-striate
throughout ; light yellow, violet-stained at the base.

Length, 1-5 inches.

Java, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia.

Distinguished by its narrower form and raised striae.

C. FLAVIDUS, Lam. PL 13, figs. 48-50.

Shell yellowish to orange-brown, with an obscure lighter band
below the shoulder and in the middle, encircled by ridged striae,
sometimes nearly obsolete above, base stained purple ; aperture
orange or violaceous, with a white central band.

Length, 1-5-2-25 inches.

Red Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Australia,

New Caledonia, Polynesia.

C. Maltzanianus, Weinkauff (fig. 49), is founded on highly
colored specimens, with more rounded shoulder, the striae
rather more distant, sometimes subgranulous. These characters
are common in some of the Tahitian specimens, but have no
distinctive value.

C. mirmillo, Crosse (fig. 50), described from a single specimen
without locality in the Cumingian collection, is of the same
general character as C. Maltzanianus.

Yar. PEASEI, Brazier.

Spire flat" sides slightly contracted in the middle, lip bright
orange, stained with violet, epidermis thicker and rougher than
the type. Described by Pease as C. neglectus, a name preoccu-
pied by A. Adams. Pease subsequently considered it a mere
variety of C.Jlamdus.

C. GLOYNEI, Sowb. PL 13, fig. 51.

Spire slightly coronate, deeply grooved ; dark chestnut,
lighter banded at the shoulder and in the middle of the body-
whorl ; aperture white. Length, 26 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. LOMBEI, Sowerby. PL 13, fig. 52.

Shell smooth, sulcate anteriorly; reddish brown, maculated
with white at the shoulder ; aperture purplish. Length, 22 mill.

Mauritius $

CONUS. 45

C. ^GROTUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 53.

Shell oblong, turbinated, rather thick, somewhat rudely^
twisted at the base, transversely obsoletely striated in a slightly
waved manner, irregularly longitudinally marked with lines of
growth ; spire flatly depressed, minutely obsoletely carinated
towards the apex ; cream-color, marked with rows of very
minute pale brown dots, leaving a white band in the centre ;
base dark livid violet. Length, 2 inches.

Philippines.
C. LIVIDUS, Hwass. PL 13, figs. 54-57. '

Spire coronated, depressed conical, lower half of body-whorl
distantly striated, and the striae sparsely granulous ; light
yellowish or olivaceous to orange-brown, tubercles of the spire
and a band below the shoulder, as well as a central band on the
body-whorl, white, base and interior violaceous ; epidermis
somewhat tufted in distant revolving series. Length, 1*5-2 inches.
Red Sea to Polynesia, E. Africa, Mauritius.

Differs from C.Jlavidus in having coronated whorls, a char-
acter which I fear is not specific. C. citrinus, Gmel. (fig. 55',
as usually, but perhaps incorrectly, identified, belongs here ;
Quoy, who describes the animal as bright red, calls it C.
sanguinolentus.

Yar. SUGILLATUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 56.

Tubercles oblique ; spire-whorls flatly channeled, more or less
stained brown ; the white bands of the body-whorl more dis-
tinct, the brown surface more or less resolved into very close,
faintly brown-spotted lines.

Yar. CREPUSCULUM, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 57.

Pale yellow, without white bands, of much lighter growth than
C. lividits, spire obsoletely finely beaded, aperture white. An
obscure form. Length, 28 mill.

C. OBLITUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 58.'

Shell narrow, with convexly depressed, tuberculated spire,
body-whorl striate below ; yellowish olivaceous, indistinctly white-
banded in the middle, tubercles, and a band below the shoulder
also white, base and aperture violaceous.

Length, '9-1-25 inches.

Philippines.

46 CONUS.

Dr. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. livid-its, but it is
always smaller, much narrower, somewhat differently colored,
etc. Described by Mr. Reeve as C. elongatus, but that name
being preoccupied by Chemnitz, he changed it as above ; subse-.
quently Crosse, ignorant of the change of name made by Reeve,
proposed to call the species C. Moreleti.

C. MOUSSONI, Crosse. PL 13, fig. 59.

Shell minutety coronated, citron-yellow, rarely maculated
longitudinally with white; aperture and base of columella white.

Length, 21 mill.

Seychelles Isles.
C. PRYNTANIS, Sowb. PL 13, fig. CO.

Shell strongly coronate ; brown, with a light central narrow
band; aperture purplish. Length, 35 mill.

Galapagos Is.
C. EVELINA, Sowb. PL 13, fig. 61.

Shell coronated ; yellowish brown, longitudinally striped with
darker color, with a central pale band. Length, 28 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Narrower and less strongly tuberculate on the spire than the
last species.

C. PRIMULA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 62.

Shell light }rellowish brown, white around the tubercles, with
a central band of large oblong cream-white spots.

Length, 1'25 inches,

Natal, Australia, Polynesia.

C. CIBIELI, Kiener. PL 13, fig. 63.

Shell finely coronated, dark brown, with a central whitish
band. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

This species remains unrecognized ; it appears to differ from
C. lividus mainly in the absence of violet coloring at the base.

C. TABIDUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 64.

Shell turbinated, slightly pyriform, thin, every where grooved,
basal grooves wider and rather deep, the others irregular, very
fine, waved , white, entire surface peculiarly sculptured with

CONUS. 47

longitudinal striae, spire rather obtusely convex, obsoletely coro-
nated. Length, 34 mill.

West Africa.
I am not acquainted with this species.

C. HEPATICUS, Kiener. PI. 14, fig. 65.

Shell conically turbinatcd ; spire flat-convex, slightly chan-
neled ; bocty-whorl grooved towards the base ; white, brown-
stained at the apex. Length, 1*75 inches.

Habitat unknown.

An obscure form, of very doubtful specific value.

C. ALBICANS, Sowb. PL 14, fig. 66.

Spire depressed, with raised apex, compressedly tuberculate ;
body-whorl smooth, grooved towards the base ; white, base
stained with violet-chestnut. Length, 1*7 inches.

Habitat unknown.

I have before me two specimens, agreeing perfectly with
Sowerby's figure. The shell differs in form, thickness and
coloring from all the varieties of C. lividus.

C. UNICOLOR, Sowb. PL 14, fig. 67.

Shell long and narrow, spire convex, distantly tuberculate,
body-whorl smooth, substriate towards the base ; fawn-color,
tinged with violet, aperture violaceous. Length, 1/7 inches.

Habitat unknown.

May possibly be a variety of the preceding species.

C. DISTANS, Hwass. PL 14, figs. 68, 69.

Shell yellowish fawn-color, obsoletely banded with white at
the middle and upper part, sometimes the bands are not contin-
uous, but consist of irregular oblique markings ; body-whorl
encircled by obsolete impressed lines, stained with violet-chestnut
towards the base ; spire low, convex, with rather obtuse rounded
tubercles ; interior white, stained with light violet.

Length, 2-4*25 inches.

Isle of Bourbon, Philippines, N. Caledonia,

N. Zealand, Tahiti, etc.

48 CONUS.

Section X. DAUCT.
Bhizocomis, ex parte, Morch.
C. DAUCUS, Hwass. PL 14, figs. 70-72.

Shell lemon- or orange-brown, grooved towards the base, with
a pale, sometimes interrupted central band, and encircled
throughout by rows of small chestnut spots — often obsolete ;
spire sometimes maculated with pale chestnut.
Length, 1-1*75 inches.

Went Indies.

C. pastinaca, Kiener (not Lamarck \ and C. Reevei, Kiener
(fig. 71), are synonyms.

Var. ARCHETYPUS, Crosse. PI. 14, fig. 72.

Spire obsoletely tnberculate, body-whorl irregularly banded
in the middle and at the shoulder with yellowish pink, surface
otherwise fulvous with rows of small revolving dots; aperture
orange-red within. Length, 25 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Sowerby and Weinkauff have made this a variety of C. daucus,
but I am not at all satisfied of this.

C. NARCISSUS, Lam. PL 14, fig. 73.

Shell with rounded shoulder and somewhat convex sides and
spire, grooved towards the base; yellowish or orange-brown,
sparsely maculated with white, and with an irregular white band
below the middle ; spire white, maculated with yellowish brown.

Length, 1'85 inches.

Tr<>-£ Indie?.

A doubtful species, and scarcely a member of this group,
having more the form of C. Me<lih'.rran<>n#.

C. oculatus, Gmelin, is a somewhat similarly formed shell,
yellowish, with white eyes scattered over the surface. It has
not been identified, and is possibly an artificially ornamented
shell.

C. LITHOGLYPHUS, Mcuschcn. PL 14, figs. 74, 75.

Spire plane-conical, rather low, body-whorl distantly striate,
the striffi tuberculate towards the base ; d.-irk chestnut, encircled

CONUS. 49

at the shoulder and in the middle by white oblique blotches,
forming interrupted bands, often dark-stained at the base.

Length, 1-5-2 inches.

Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia,.

C. lacinulatus, Kiener (fig. 75), is a synonym.

C. ATTENUATUS, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 76.

Shell slenderly turbinated, attenuated towards the base,
smooth; yellow or light orange-brown, longitudinally orna-
mented with a very few broad, waved white stripes ; spire
depressed, sharp-angled, tessellated with light orange-brown,
apex raised, very sharp-pointed. Length, '75 inch.

Habitat unknown.
C. SEYCHELLENSIS, G. and H. Nevill.

Shell like C. lithoglyphus, but constricted in the middle of the
body-whorl, more attenuated at the base, with the whorls of the
spire more convex ; color uniform bright orange, here and there
of a lighter shade, faintly stained with light brown at the extreme
base. Length 39 mill., diam. 19 mill.

Seychelles Inlands.

Not figured. The above is a copy of the original description.

C. SUTORIANUS, Weinkauff. PL 14, fig. 77.

Shell coronate, sulcate at the base ; orange-brown with a faint
light central band ; aperture rosaceous ; lower whorls of the
spire maculated. Length, 18 mill.

Mauritius.
C. PULCHELLUS, Swainson. PL 14, figs. 78-80.

Shell smooth, rather thin, spire low-conical, writh revolving
striae; usually maculated with chestnut; body-whorl striate
below; yellowish or light chestnut, with large white blotches
forming a band at the shoulder and another on the middle,
encircled by narrow chestnut lines, which are often broken up
into small dots ; base and aperture usually violaceous.

Length, 1*75-2 inches.

Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia.

In C. cinctus, Swains, (fig. 79), the narrow chestnut lines are
continuous, the white blotches and interior of aperture are more
or less suffused with rose-color. C. connectens, A. Ad. (fig. 80),
is similar.
4

50 CONUS.

C. PLANORBIS, Born. PI. 14, fig. 81.

Whorls of spire striate, maculate with chestnut ; body-whorl
with beaded striae below, orange-brown or chestnut, frequently
light-banded in the middle, and sometimes at the shoulder also,
base darker-colored. Length, 1-25-2 inches.

Mauritius, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Philippines, Polynesia.

This species is called C. senator, Linn., by Reeve and others,
but the description in the Systema Naturae shows that the iden-
tification is wrong. Hanley was not able to identify C. senator
in the Linnean collection. Sometimes the granular striae cover
the entire surface.

C. CIRCUMSIGNATUS, Crosso. PI. 14, fig. 82.

Shell covered with orange-brown upon the body-whorl except
at the shoulder, base and centre, where occur irregular bands or
blotches of white, with narrow articulated lines of chestnut and
white, sparingly maculated with orange-brown. Length, 30 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Dr. Weinkauff makes this — the granular variety of C.
planorbis; he has evidently mistaken the articulations for
•granulations.

C. CHENUI, Crosse. PL 14, figs. 83, 84.

Shell thin, with depressed carinate and striate spire, which is
yellowish, maculated with brown ; body-whorl striated below,
yellowish, with two series of longitudinal forked and irregular
dark brown markings, interrupted in the middle and at the base;
there are traces of distant narrow brown revolving lines ;
aperture white. Length, 2 inches.

New Caledonia.

In the Journal de Conchyliologie, 1874, Crosse says that this
species is very close to some varieties of C. planorbis, but its
system of coloration is more elegant. C. Loebbeckeanus, Weink.
(fig. 84), appears to me to be only a slight color-variation.
Finally, C. Chenui is closely related to varieties of the next
species.

C. LINEATUS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 14, fig. 85.

Shell orange-brown to dark chestnut, finely narrowly lineated
with a darker color, with white blotches arranged in upper, middle

CONUS. 51

and basal bands ; spire striated and maculated ; base of shell
striated, the strise sometimes granular. Length, l'75-2*25 inches.
Red Sea, East Africa, Ceylon, Philippines,

Australia, New Caledonia.

C. VITULTNUS, Hwass. PL 14, figs. 86, 87 ; PL 15, fig. 88.

Orange-brown to chocolate, with white longitudinal macula-
tions disposed in bands at the shoulder and below the middle ;
lower part of body-whorl with granular strise; spire striate and
maculate. Length, 1*5-2 inches.

Ceylon to Philippines and Polynesia.

Is probably only a variety of the preceding species, from which
it is distinguished by the more longitudinal form of the white
blotches, and the absence of the close revolving color-lines.

Yar. CARPENTERI, Crosse. PL 15, fig. 88.

Chestnut-brown, with continuous yellowish bands at the
shoulder and middle ; spire maculated with chestnut and white.

Length, 46 mill.

New Guinea.
C. AUGUR, Hwass. PL 15, fig. 89.

Shell creamy white, encircled by close rows of very small
chestnut dots, with two bands of irregular brown markings, one
above, the other below the middle of the body-whorl ; spire
maculated with brown. Length, 1 '75-2*25 inches.

Ceylon.
C. LIGNARIUS, Reeve. PL 15, figs. 90-93.

Pale brown, with fine close lines of chestnut-brown, and one
or two paler bands; shoulder somewhat obtuse ; spire concavely
elevated, with acute apex, uniform pale brown. Length, 2 inches.

Philippines.
Var. FURVUS, Reeve. PL 15, figs. 91, 92.

Revolving lines broken up into minute dots, form somewhat
narrower, some of the spire-whorls finely beaded. Scarcely a
variety. C. Cecilei, Kiener (fig. 92), is identical..

Yar. FASCIATUS, Kiener. PL 15, fig. 93.

Lines of dots more distant, whitish, with irregular light brown
bands above and below the middle, base brown-tinted.

Length, 2 inches.

52 CONU8.

C. MULTILINEATUS, Sowb. PI. 15, fig. 94,

Shell turbinated, wide-shouldered ; reddish chestnut, light-
banded in the middle, with numerous lines of close-set chestnut
dots; spire concavely elevated, tuberculate. Length. 40 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Closely allied to C. lignarius, but differs in its wider form, and
tuberculated spire. Described from a single specimen.

C. KOBELTII, Lobbecke. PL 15, fig. 95.

Shell smooth, spire and base striate ; yellowish brown, with a
lighter median band. Length, 42 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Perhaps only a variety of C. lignarius.

Section XI. MAGI.
Pionoconus and Phasmoconus, Morch.
C. CONSORS, Sowb. PI. 15, figs. 96-100.

Spire depressed conical, with shallow channel, and revolving
striae, sometimes tessellated with chestnut ; body-whorl rather
narrow, somewhat convex, grooved towards the base, somewhat
round-shouldered, rather thin; white, yellowish and orange-
brown, variously clouded and indistinctly banded ; aperture
white. Length, 2-3 inches.

Moluccas, Philippines, New Caledonia.

C. carinatuSj Swainson (fig. 97), is placed here by Dr. Wein-
kauff, and I agree with him, although Mr. E. A. Smith (Jour.
Linn. Soc., xii, 535) makes it a synonym of G. magus. C.
anceps (fig. 98), and G. innexits, A. Ad., as well as C. Daullei,
Crosse (tig. 99), are synonyms. C. ustulatus, Reeve (fig. 100),
is considered by Mr. E. A. Smith a synonym of G. magus, but
1 think it more closely allied to C. conso?*s.

C. FULVOCINCTUS, Crosse. PI. 15, fig. 1.

Shell with slight revolving grooves, obsolete above ; yellowish
white, with a broad superior band of orange-brown; epidermis
tliin. Length, 3 inches.

W. Coast of Afr iru.

C. CONSAXGUINKUS, E. A. Smith. PL 15, fig. 2.

Shell smooth, spire and base grooved ; yellowish white, banded

CONUS. 53

with yellowish brown in the middle, with one or two interrupted
inferior and narrower bands below, apex pink-tinted. Epidermis

thick. Length, 3'5 inches.

Habitat unknown.

Closely allied to C. fuluocinctus, but not so much attenuated
at the base, spire less elevated, epidermis thicker, more banded.

C. MAGUS, Linn. PI. 15, figs. 3-10 ; PL 16, figs. 11-14.

Spire moderate, striate, body-whorl long and rather cylin-
drical, closely striate below; white, clouded with bluish ash,
orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate, everywhere encircled by
narrow chocolate interrupted lines, often separated into some-
what distant dots, middle of body-whorl usually irregularly
fasciate with white ; spire tessellated with chestnut or chocolate.

Length, 2-3 inches.

Madagascar, Borneo, Australia, N. Caledonia,

Philippines, etc.

This beautiful and common species is very variable in pattern
and shade of coloring and embraces a large synonymy. 1 place
here C. raphanus, Hvvass (fig. 4), C. consul, Boivin (fig. 5), C.
Indicus, C. Circae, C. fenellus, and G. clandestinus, of Chemnitz,
G. striolatus, Kiener (fig. 6), G. Borneensis, Sowb., not Ad. and
Reeve (fig. 7), and G. assimilis, A. Ad. (fig. 8).

Var. FRAUENFELDI, Crosse. PI. 15, fig. 9.

Yellowish or cream-color, with a few irregular longitudinal
chestnut or chocolate markings ; spire sparsely maculated.

Madagascar.
Var. ROLLANDI, Bernardi. PI. 16, fig. 11.

Surface covered by equidistant stride, more prominent at the
base ; white with irregular longitudinal cloudings of chestnut.

Var. METOALFET, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 10.

Shell encircled with granular stride, spotted with orange-brown ;
there are irregular cloudings of orange-brown, and a central
white band.

Var. EPISTOMIUM, Reeve. PI. 16, figs. 12-14.

Shell rather narrow, thin ; white, irregularly clouded with
orange-brown, forming an irregular central white band; shoulder
sharply carinated, spire maculated ; btise grooved or striate.

54 CON us.

This variety closely connects C. magus with C. consors. C.
Tasmania, Sowb. (fig. 13), is a somewhat more highly colored
specimen of this variety, and C. epistomoides, Weink. (fig. 14),
differs but little.

C. PERTUSUS, Hwass. PI. 16, figs. 15-17.

Spire convex, rather obtuse, body-whorl encircled by distant
punctate striae ; rosy tinged with yellow and interruptedly
banded with white blotches below the shoulder and in the middle
of the body-whorl. Length, 2 inches.

Madagascar, Mauritius, Philippines, Ins. Annaa, etc.

C.festivus, Chemn. (fig. 16), = am,abilis, Lam., is synonymous.
C. inquinatus, Reeve (fig. 17), appears to be merely a darker
colored specimen, chocolate-brown instead of roseate.

C. SIMPLEX, Sowb. PI. 16, fig. 18.

Shell oblong, turbinated, rather thin; white, with longitudinal
irregular chestnut streaks. Length, 2 inches.

West and South Africa.

The spire is more elevated, the body-whorl more cylindrical,
the color-markings more continuous than in C. spectrum — yet it
may be a variety of that species. C. informis, Dillw., is a
synonym.

C. rudis, Chemn., is scarcely determinable from the original
figures, and neither Sowerby nor Reeve has attempted to
identify it. Dr. Weinkauff, however, adopts it as a species, and
refers to it, G. informis, Dillw., C. elongatus, Sowb., Thes.
(part), f. 241, and C. inquinatus, Reeve— all of which differ
utterly in form from the Chemnitzian figures.

C. SINDON, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 19.

Shell somewhat ventricosely turbinated, nearly smooth ; white,
very thickly decussated with exceedingly fine reddish brown
lines in such a manner as to form two broad transverse bands ;
spire rather obtusely convex, apex rose-tinted.

Length, 1*25 inches.

Habitat unknown.

I am not acquainted with this species, of which only a single
individual is known ; it was described from the cabinet of Mr.
Adamson, of Newcastle, England, and Dr. Weinkauff, apparently

CONUS. 55

mistaking that gentleman's name for Adanson, has supplied the
locality of West Africa.

C. MISER, Boivin. PI. 16, fig. 20.

Shell with convex body-whorl and flattened, striate spire ; yel-
lowish, without maculations, aperture white, dilated in front.

Length, 27 mill.

Cape Verd Is.
C. MERCATOR, Linn. PL 16, figs. 21-23.

Shell yellowish or ash-gra}7, often faintly longitudinally lined
with chestnut, with a broad band at the shoulder and a narrower
one at the middle, of white closely reticulated with chestnut.

Length, 1-1*25 inches.

West Indies, West Africa.

Var. DESIDIOSUS, A. Ad. PI. 16, fig. 23.

Shell chocolate-brown, the bands of reticulations narrower,
spire more elevated.

W. Africa.
C. CUNEOLUS, Reeve. PL 16, figs. 24, 25.

Shell shortly turbinated, wide at the shoulder, somewhat
inflated ; chestnut- or chocolate-brown, with small white macula-
tions, forming an obscure band at the shoulder, and another
below the middle, as well as somewhat scattered over the rest of
the surface, including the convex spire. Length, 1*25 inches.

West Africa.

C. balteus, Mawe, is a synonym.

C. NATALIS, Sowb. PL 16, figs. 26, 27.

Shell oblong, thin, smooth, angulated at the shoulder, sulcate
below ; roseate, minutely angularly lineate with brown, and
bifasciate with large maculations, spire maculate.

Length, 1 inch.

Natal.

Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. mercator, but it appears
to differ considerably in coloration. Sowerby's smaller figure
(fig. 27) is supposed to represent a young shell of this species.

C. OLIVACEUS, Kiener. PL 16, figs. 28-31.

Shell somewhat top-shaped, with rounded shoulder, sulcate
towards the base ; obscurely marbled with yellowish olive and

Ob CON US.

white, with several darker olivaceous bands ; aperture chocolate
with two or more narrow white bands. Length, 1'25 inches.

West Africa.

G. Taslei, Kiener (fig. 29), and C. luridus, A. Ad., are 33010-
nyms ; the latter is unfigured.

Yar. IRREGULARIS, Sowb. PL 16, figs. 30, 31.

Shell bluish ash, tinged with chestnut at the extremities, with
two white lines, one at the shoulder, the other near the middle,
overlaid, when perfectly developed, with white zigzag markings.

C. INFRENATUS, Reeve. PL 16, figs. 32, 33.

Shell rosy white, encircled by articulated lines of chestnut
and white spots; apex pink. Length, 1 inch.

South Africa.

C. ROSACEUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL It, figs. 34-39.

Shell yellow rosy, sometimes indistinctly brown-dotted in
revolving lines, middle usually light-banded, the band maculated
with chestnut, spire also maculated ; surface finely striated
throughout. Length, 1-75 inches.

South Africa.

This species is the G. aurora of Lamarck, C. Broderipi,
Kiener, not Reeve, and G. roseo-tinctus, Sowb (fig. 36).

Var. TINIANUS, Reeve (not Hwass). PL 11, figs. 37, 38.

Shell thin, striated towards the base ; reddish chestnut clouded
with gray, and irregularly ornamented with indistinct fillets of
articulated white and chestnut ; spire obtusely convex, apex
rose-tinted.

C. Loveni, Krauss (fig. 38), is essentially similar.

Yar. SIGNIFER. Crosse. PL 17, fig. 39.

Shell finely striated, faintly articulated with chestnut and
white in revolving lines upon a brown-violet surface ; there are
a few white maculations on the spire, and the upper and lower
extremities and middle of the body-whorl. Length, 39 mill.

Hab. unknown (Cuming coll.).

C. LAMARCKI, Kiener. PL 17, figs. 40-42.

Shell somewhat inflated, smooth, seriate at the base ; orange-

CONUS. 57

brown, maculated with white, forming two irregular bands,
besides scattered spots. Length, 1/6 inches.

South Africa-. —

Distinguished from the typical C. rosa,ceus by its more bulbous
form, partial absence of striae and the pattern of painting; yet
connecting pretty closely with that form through some of its
varieties. C. inflatus (fig. 41) and C. citrinus (fig. 42), both of
Kiener, are varieties.

C. BRODERIPII, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 43.

Shell rather thin, a little inflated, encircled by grooves more
distinct towards the base, and veiy finely pricked ; veiy pale
flesh}- white, ornamented between the grooves with blotches of
light orange-brown; spire grooved, apex pointed; aperture rosy.

Length, 28 mill.

Moluccas.
I am not acquainted with this species.

C. SPECTRUM, Linn. PL 17, figs. 44-49, 51.

Shell cylindrically turbinated, thin, somewhat inflated, lower
part of body-whorl with distant revolving grooves ; white,
variously painted with chestnut longitudinal irregular streaks,
usually forming three broad series or bands.

Length, 1/5-2 inches.

Mauritius, Java, Moluccas, etc.

C.pica, Ad. and Reeve (figs. 46, 47), and C. subulatus, Sowb.,
not Kiener (fig. 48), are synonyms. C. collisus, Reeve (fig. 45),
is a slight variety.

Var. LICTOR, Boivin. PL 17, fig. 49.

Whole surface distantly encircled by granular striae.
Yar. LACTEUS, Lam. PL 17, fig. 51.

Shell pure white, distantty grooved throughout. More inflated
than C. parius, Reeve, which it otherwise closely resembles.

C. DOLIUM, Boivin. PL 17, fig. 50.

Shell more inflated than G. spectrum; irregularly clouded
with yellowish brown and white. Length, 36 mill.

Hab. unknown.
C. ANDAMANENSIS, E. A. Smith. PL 17, fig. 52.

Yellowish white, irregularly marked with small brown spots

58 CONUS.

and lines, covered by a thin, smooth epidermis ; base grooved ;
spire striate, with radiating brown lines ; aperture white.
Length, 22-31 mill.

Andaman Islands.

C. CONSPERSUS, Reeve. PL It, figs. 53, 54; PL 18, figs. 55, 56;
PL 21, fig. 7.

Shell turbinated, slightly inflated, smooth, grooved towards
the base ; pale yellowish or salmon-color, sprinkled with irreg-
ular orange-brown spots and longitudinal blotches, sometimes
with two obsolete lighter bands ; everywhere encircled with very
fine, close hair-like lines ; spire convex, tessellated with orange-
brown ; aperture flesh-color. Length, 1*25— 1*9 inches.

Moluccas.

This species is scarcely distinguishable from C. spectrum. C.
Verreauxii, Kiener (fig. 54), C. stillatus, Reeve (fig. 55), and
possibly C. inflatus, Sowb. (PL 27, fig. 7), are syno^^ms. The
latter does not much resemble this species, and remains uniden-
tified, but Sowerby has himself suggested its place here.

Yar. DAPHNE, Boivin. PL 18, fig. 56.

Shell orange-color or orange-brown, including the aperture,
without markings, except variations of shading.

C. CINEREUS, Hwass. PL 18, figs. 57-61.

Cylindrically ovate, with moderate, smooth spire, body-whorl
encircled below by distant grooves ; clouded with olivaceous,
ashy blue and chestnut-brown, with revolving lines articulated
of chestnut and white spots ; aperture brown-stained.

Length, 1-75 inches.

Philippines, Australia.

C. zebra, Lam. (not of Reeve or Sowb.), and C. Gabrieli,
Kiener (fig. 58), are synonyms.

Yar. STRATURATUS, Sowb. PL 18, fig. 59.

With interrupted longitudinal chestnut markings forming
bands upon an ash-blue ground.

Borneo.
Yar. BERNARDII, Kiener. PL 18, fig. 60.

Fulvous chestnut, with a few scattered white spots and
chestnut revolving lines.

CONUS. 59

Var. POLITUS, Weinkauff. PI. 18. fig. 61.

Yellowish brown, with revolving lines of chestnut and white-
articulations, and three distant, narrow white bands marked

with chestnut. Length, 39 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. TRIBUNUS, Crosse. PL 20, fig. 20.

Shell smooth, grooved below; orange -brown, indistinctly
light-banded in the middle, longitudinally strigate with choco-
late ; aperture light violaceous. Length, 30 mill.

Coast of California (Crosse).

The locality given for this species needs confirmation.

C. ALBOSPIRA, E. A. Smith. PI. 18, fig. 62.

Spire concavely elevated, lirate, white, with flesh-colored apex;
body-whorl angulate above, striate, the striae becoming stronger
and subgranular below; white with longitudinal olive stripes
forming three bands by their somewhat regular interruption ;
aperture lilac-white. Length, 27*5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Mr. Smith compares this to C. siraturatus, Sowb. (= cinereuK,
Hwass , but I think it is more nearly related to C. rosaceus,
Chemn., and that it maj' prove to be a very light -colored
variety of that species.

C. NISUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 18, figs. 63-68.

Shell somewhat swollen, distantly sulcate below, otherwise
smooth ; white, encircled bj- chestnut spots, clouds, and oblique
and triangular markings ; spire maculated.

Length, 1-1 '5 inches.

Philippines, Moluccas.

With this species may be united C. zebra, Sowb. (fig. 65 \ C.
Blanfordianus, Crosse (fig. 66), C. alveolus, Sowb. (fig. 64), C.
stigmaticus, A. Ad. (fig. 67), C.'stramineus. Lam., and C. cocceun,
Kiener (fig. 68).

C. SUBMARGINATUS, Sowb. PL 18, figs. 69, 70.

Shell narrow, with raised carinate spire, body-whorl attenuate
and closely sulcate in front ; yellowish white, aperture rosy.

Length, -85 inch.

Habitat unknown.

60 CONUS.

An obscure species. C. suturatus, Kiener,not Reeve (fig. TO),
appears to be identical.

C. RADIATUS, Gmelin. PI. 18, figs. 71-73.

Shell pale j-ellowish to pale chestnut, often longitudinally
indistinctly marked with deeper coloring; spire striate, lower
part of bod}^whorl distantly sulcate. Length, l'5-2'25 inches.

Philippines, Polynesia.

Reeve described and figured this species under the name of
C. Martinianus; he has also called a smaller white variety C.
parius (fig. 72); the specimens before me prove' its specific
identity with radial us. The white variety is frequently covered
by a smooth olivaceous epidermis ; in which state it is C.
Gubbse, Kiener (fig. 73).

C. CONTUSUS, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 74.

Shell somewhat cylindrically ovate, rather thin, smooth, with
three or four distant grooves at the base, spire finely double-
grooved, rude at the sutures, apex very sharp ; ochraceous,
stained with ash-blue. Length, 1'25 inches.

Moluccas.

Whether this species will be found to reveal any design in the
coloring, it is impossible to foresee from the single worn
specimen.

C. OCHROLEUCUS, Gmelin. PL 18, fig. 75.

Shell long and narrow, distantly grooved towards the base ;
yellowish brown, variously shaded, with a rather indistinct
median lighter band ; aperture white ; spire striate, maculated
with yellowish brown and white. Length, 2-2'5 inches.

Australia, New Caledonia, Viti Islands.

C. IODOSTOMA, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 76.

Shell thin, narrow, somewhat inflated; spire finely grooved,
apex sharp ; body-whorl striate towards the base ; violet-white,
clouded with chestnut, with revolving lines of chestnut spots.

Length, 40 mill.

Philippines.

C. LIENARDT, Crosse and Bernard!. PL 18, fig. 77 ; PL 19, figs.

78, 79.
Spire raised, carinated, slightly striate; bod3'-whorl distantly

CONUS. 61

grooved below ; yellowish brown, variously longitudinally covered
with zigzag chestnut or chocolate markings ; sometimes almost
or quite covered with chocolate. Length, 1'75 inches.

New Caledonia.
Distinguished by its sharp shoulder and coloration.

C. MACEI, Crosse. PL 19, fig. 80.

Shell rather thin, smooth under a thin epidermis ; whitish,
with chestnut longitudinal flames ; base of body-whorl finely
sulcate ; aperture pale violaceous. Length, 38 mill.

Vizagapatam (Madras), India.

C. TIMORENSIS, Hwass. PI. 19, fig. 81.

Shell smooth, striate towards the base; rosy white, with
orange-rose clouds and distant revolving series of spots.

Length, 1'5 inches.

Timor, Flores, etc.
C. JANUS, Hwass. PL 19, fig. 82.

Spire concavely elevated, striate; body-whorl narrow, with
rounded shoulder, aiklt distantly sulcate below; whitish or
yellowish, indistinctly three-banded by yellowish brown or
chestnut longitudinal markings ; spire maculated.

Length, 2-2*5 inches.

Cochin China, Philippines.

C. JICKELTT, Weinkauff. PL 19, fig. 83.

Shell white, with chocolate, irregular, longitudinal markings,
and quadrangular spots in revolving series. Length. 2 inches.

Red Sea.

Very closely allied to the preceding species, of which it may
be only a variety.

C. INSCRTPTUS, Reeve. PL 19, figs. 84, 85.

Shell rather solid, smooth, grooved towards the base; ash-
white, with dark chestnut hieroglyphic characters, interrupted
by revolving series of spots in the middle and at the base.

Length, 1*4 inches.

Red Sea, Seychelles.

C. Keatii, Sowb. (fig. 85), varies slightly in the disposition of
the color-markings. The species has a sharper shoulder than
C. Janus, but is too closely allied to that species.

62 CONUS.

C. ERYTHR^ENSIS, Beck. PL 1 9, figs. 86-89.

Shell small, smooth, striate below; 3^ellowish white, with
revolving rows of quadrangular chestnut spots, sometimes
partly clouded over, so as to form bands of chestnut clouds ;
spire maculate. Length, -8-1-2 inches.

Eed Sea.

C. induratus, Reeve (fig. 86), a 37oung shell, C. piperatus, Reeve
(fig. 87), C. quadrato-mac ulatus, Sowb. (fig. 88), and C. concinnus,
Sowb., Jr. (fig. 89), not Sowb., Sen. or Brod., == C. sapphirostoma,
Weinkauff,are all synonyms ; besides several unfigured and less
known species.

C. PUNCTICULATUS, Hwass. PL 19, figs. 90-96.

Shell rather broad-shouldered and somewhat swollen above,
slightly contracted and grooved towards the base ; whitish,
encircled by numerous lines of close, small chestnut spots, and
often clouded longitudinally with light violaceous or chestnut,
forming three obscure bands ; aperture white or violaceous.

Length, 1-1-25 inches.

West Columbia, northwards to Cerros 7x7.,

L. California, West Indies.

A wider shell, with smaller, much more numerous spots than
C. Erytlirseensis. C. perplexas, Sowb. (fig. 91), C. piistulatus,
Kiener (fig. 92), and C. papiUosus, Kiener (fig. 93), are synonyms;
the latter two are pustulate on the revolving lines.

The West Indian C. pygmaeus, Reeve, = C. pusio, Sowb.
(fig. 94), = C. Ihiuali, Bern (fig. 95), presents no distinctive
features. C. Hanleyi, Sowb. (fig. 96), said to inhabit the Medi-
terranean Sea (?), is very similar.

C. COLUMBA, Hwass. PL 19, figs. 97, 98.

Shell white, under a very thin light brown epidermis; shoulder
angulated ; body-whorl deeply distantly grooved towards the
base ; sometimes there are a few longitudinal brown mnrkings
above the grooves. Length, '75-' 9 inch.

West Indies.
C. ANGAST, Tryon. PL 19, fig. 99.

Shell rosy or yellowish white, ornamented witli rows of small
distant square or elongated irregular brownish yellow spots, those
in the centre larger and more varied in shape, forming a sort of

CONUS. 63

band ; sculptured all over with rows of minute, close-set, oblong
punctures, more numerous and distinct towards the base, which
is encircled by a number of narrow elevated ridges ; spire striate: —

Length, 20 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

Described by Angas as C. Mrtcalfei, a name preoccupied by
Reeve.

C. INTERRUPTUS, Brod. PL 27, fig. 8 ; PL 19, figs. 100-2 ; PL 20,
figs. 3-5, 21.

Shell long and narrow, with smooth elevated spire, body-whorl
striate towards the base, the stride sometimes minutely granular;
whitish, largely covered by longitudinal chocolate clouds, encir-
cled by numerous lines of minute chestnut spots; spire nearly
covered by chestnut or chocolate flam mules.

Length, l'5-2'25 inches.
West Coast of Central America to Mazatlan, Cape Si. Lucas.

Occasional!}7 the entire body-whorl is covered with impressed
or raised striae, the latter smooth or granular. There are a
number of synonyms, none of them differing much from the
typical shells. These are C. maliogani, Reeve (figs. 1, 2),
C. Ximenes, Gray (fig. 100), C. monilifer, Brod-. (fig. 3), C. tor-
natus, Brod. (fig. 4), C. Pliilippii, Kiener (fig. 5).

C. arcuatus, Brod. and Sowb., although differing much in form,
is still possibly an extreme variety of this species ; and I am
inclined to refer here also C. catenatus, Sowb. (fig. 21).

Section XII. ActfATiNi.
i C/ielyconus, Morch.

C. CATUS, Hwass. PL 20, figs. 6-10.

Shell bulbous, with convex, striate spire ; bod}r -whorl striate,

the striae rounded, usually obsolete above, granular below, olive,

chestnut-, chocolate- or pink-brown, variously marbled and

flecked with white, often faintly white-banded below the middle.

Length, 1-25-1-75 inches.

Pied Sea, Mauritius, Java, China,

New Caledonia, Polynesia.

C. equeSj Brug. (fig. 10), is probably a S3^nonym ; the species
is only known by the figure of which I give a copy.

64 CONUS.

Viir. NIGROPUNCTATUS, Sowb. PI. 20, figs. 8, 9.

Shell colored as above and encircled by series of chocolate-
colored dots. C. Adansoni, Reeve (fig. 9), is S3Tnonymous.

C. ACHATINUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 20, figs. 11, 12.

Shell bulbous, with somewhat elevated, striate spire; body-
whorl with rounded, sometimes granular striae below ; marbled
with pinkish or purplish white and olivaceous-brown, under a
light brown, thin epidermis, everywhere encircled by close-set
narroAv brown lines, which are usually broken up into brown and
white articulations. Length, 2-3 inches.

India, China, Australia, Solomon's Islands.

C. SUPERSTRTATUS, Sowb. PL 20, fig. 13.

Shell oblong, fuscous, obscurely nebulous, snlcate above and
below, smooth in the middle, with a median white band, macu-
lated with fuscous; spire depressed, striated, maculated.

Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

An obscure species, only known through Sowerby's figure and
short description.

C. MONACHUS, Linn. PL 20, fig. 14.

Shell a little inflated, distantly grooved below ; spire striate,
somewhat convex ; wrhite, longitudinally marbled and flecked
with dull blue or purple. Length, 2 inches.

Philippines, New Caledonia.

Narrower at the shoulder, thinner, usually without the dotted
revolving lines of C. achatinus, although a few such lines are
sometimes vaguely apparent.

Weinkauff considers C. asximilis, A. Ad., a S3Tnonym of this
species. I have referred it to C. magus.

C. PURPURASCENS, Brod. PL 20, figs. 15-17 ; PL 27, fig. 9.

Shell broad-shouldered, with rude, striate spire ; striate below,
and the string sometimes slightly granular ; clouded with white or
violaceous and brown or olive, with close lines of chestnut and
white minute articulations ; sometimes irregularly white-banded
in the middle. Length, 2--3 inches.

Panama to Mazatlan.

Weinkauff makes C. neglect us, A. Ad. (fig. 10), the juvenile of

' A

UNIVERSITY)

CONUS. V &, + .65

this species. C. Luzonicus, Sowb., not Hwass^ftg, 16a), and C.
comptus, Gould (PL 27, fig. 9), are synonyms.

Yar. REGALITATUS, Sowb. PL 20, fig. 17.

Shell more completely covered with dark color, so as to
obscure the articulated lines ; but little of the lighter markings
is visible beyond an interrupted central band.

C. TESTUDINARIUS (Mart.), Auct. PL 20, fig. 18.

Whitish, more or less stained with blue or purple, and clouded
with chocolate, irregularly white-banded in the middle ; spire
and base striate. Length, 2*5-3*5 inches.

West Indies, Cape Verd Is., West Coast of Africa.

Allied to C.parpurascens, but not so broadly shouldered, with
higher spire. C. aspersus, Sowb., and C. Portoricanus, Hwass,
are synonyms.

C. FULMEN, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 19.

Shell somewhat elongately ovate, smooth, slightly grooved
towards the base ; pale rose-purple, white round the middle ;
longitudinally marked with two or three very prominent, broad,
waved, purple-brown streaks ; spire obtusely convex, variegated
with purple-brown, apex rose-tinted. Length, 2-3 inches.

China, Japan, Philippines.

Narrower, with higher spire, than the allied species. C.
modestus, Sowb., is supposed bjr Sowerb}^ (Thes. Conch., Index)
to be a young shell of this species.

C. HY^NA, Hwass. PL 20, fig. 22.

Shell turbinate, rather angulate at the shoulder ; spire and
base striate ; pinkish or violaceous white, with broad, chestnut,
longitudinal flames. Length, 1*75 inches. West Africa,.

C. GTJINAICUS, Hwass. PI. 20, figs. 23, 24.

Shell inflated, rather thin, spire and lower portion of body-
whorl striate ; chestnut or olivaceous, with usually two bands of
irregular white cloudings, and scattered white spots; aperture
chocolate-color, faintly white-banded in the middle.

I Length, 2 inches.
West Coast of Africa.
tt is a more bulbous species, with shorter spire, than C. Medi-
'

66 CON us.

terraneus, but very close in coloring, and may be only a rather
distant variety of that species.

C. MEDITERRANEUS, Hwass. PI. 20, fig. 26 ; PL 21, figs. 25-31.

Shell yellowish brown, pink-brown or olivaceous ; sometimes
chocolate-brown, very closely nebulously spotted and reticulated ;
and sometimes interrupted-lined with chestnut, with a narrow,
light band below the middle ; spire elevated, rudely gradate,
maculated; interior light chocolate, with a light band.

Length, 1-5-2-25 inches.

Mediterranean, Portugal, West Africa.

C. hybridus, Kiener, C. Franciscanus, Hwass (fig. 26), a dark-
colored variety, and numerous other names have been applied to
varieties of this species, recent and fossil.

Var. ADANSONI, Lam. PL 21, fig. 21-29.

Shell more cylindrical.

West Africa.

C. Jamaicensis, Sowb. (fig. 28), and C. Bruguieri, Kiener
(fig. 27), are synonyms. C. Tamsianus, Dunker (fig. 29),
appears to be a younger shell.

Yar. CCERULESCENS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 21, figs. 30, 31.

Shell more conical, with broader shoulder and shorter spire.

West Africa.
C. aemulus, Reeve (fig. 31), is a synonym.

C. ALTISPIRATUS, Sowb. PL 21, fig. 32.

Shell fusiform, with much elevated spire, and narrow body-
whorl, sulcate below ; white, apex pink-tinted.

Length, 1*5 inches.

Agulhas Bank, So. Africa.

C. CASTUS, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 33.

Shell turbinated, a little inflated, smooth ; yellow, encircled by
a few faint, very finely black-dotted lines, at irregular distances ;
spire smooth, apex rose-tinted. Length, -75 inch.

Red Sea (Sowerby).

A doubtful species.

C. MADURENSIS, Hwass. PL 21, fig. 34.

Shell yellowish or chestnut-brown, with an irregular light band

CONUS. 67

on the middle, and another above it, which are bordered with
chestnut markings ; spire maculated. Length, *9 inch.

Java.
C. BORBONICUS, H. Adams. PL 21, fig. 35.

Shell narrow, smooth, with elevated spire, slightly nodulous ;
body-whorl striated below ; yellowish rose, with a central white
band and numerous interrupted chestnut lines. Length, 12 mill.

Isle of Bourbon.

Undoubtedly an immature shell.

C. CORALLINUS, Kieuer. PI. 21, figs. 36, 37.

Shell narrow, with elevated spire ; yellowish, with a central
white band Bordered with chestnut spots, spire maculated with
chestnut. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown.

• C. insequalis, Reeve (fig. 37), has a somewhat wider shoulder^
but is otherwise so closely allied that I think Dr. Weinkauff is
right in considering it a variety only.

C. DILECTUS, Gould. PI. 21, fig. 38.

Shell acutely conical ; spire concavely elevated, carinated and
striated ; color dingy white, everywhere covered with minute
reticulations of pale rusty lines, with a series behind the middle
and another at the anterior third of the last whorl, of several
large lunate or triangular white spots, alternating with dark fer-
ruginous spots ; and there is the same alternation on the shoulder
of the last whorl ; around its anterior portion are six or eight
grooves ; interior flesh-colored. Length, 12 mill.

Fiji Islands.
C. NITIDUS, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 39.

Yellowish, apex pink, bod}r-whorl with an irregular central

white band, and narrow chestnut lines, often broken up into spots.

Length, *75 inch. Philippines.

C. APLUSTRE, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 40, 41.

Shell rather stoutly turbinated, smooth, thin, somewhat inflated,
striate towards the base ; 3^ellowish white, with irregular yellowish
brown or ash faint bands, and lines of white and chestnut artic-
ulations ; spire depressed, apex pointed.
Length, 1*25-1 *4 inches.

Cape Good Hope (Sowerby), Australia (Brazier),

New Zealand (Hutton).

68 CONUS.

C. Zealandicus , Hutton, and (7. multicatenatus, Sowb. (fig. 41),
are synonyms — the latter more richly colored than typical
examples.

C. PICTUS, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 42-44.

Chestnut-colored, with two or three pink bands, and a few
narrow lines, ornamented with reddish or chestnut spots ; spire
maculated. Length, '75-1-4 inches.

South and East Africa.

C.jaspideus, Kiener, not Gmelin = C. Danieli, Crosse (fig.
43), and C. stimulus, Reeve (fig. 44), are synonyms.

C. PAUPERCULUS, Sowb. PL 21, fig. 45.

. Shell narrow, thin, olivaceous, with a flesh-colored central band,
and numerous revolving series of small chestnut spots.
Length, 1 inch.

South Africa; Japan (Danker).

C. LAUTUS, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 46.

Shell yellowish, the spire, a central band, and base marked
longitudinally with chestnut, rest of body-whorl with revolving
lines of chestnut spots. Length, 1-5 inches.

Cape of Good Hope.

May be a variety of the preceding species.

C. ELONGATUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 21, fig. 47.

Shell yellowish brown, longitudinally streaked with chestnut
or chocolate, light-banded in the middle, and occasionally with
several lines of chocolate spots ; spire maculated.

Length, 2 inches.

South Africa, Mozambique.

C. Mozambicensis, Hwass, is a synonym.

C. GAFFER, Krauss. PL 21, figs. 48-51.

Shell narrow, with convex spire, rosy or dark brown, with a
light central band, the lighter-colored varieties with revolving
lines of brown spots. Length, 1—1-5 inches.

Cape of Good Hope.

Much resembles C. pictus, Reeve, and may be a variety of
that species, but is narrower, with more convex spire ; the lighter-
colored shells are painted very like C. pictus. C. gilvus, Reeve
(fig. 50), and probably C. sector, Crosse (fig. 51), are synonyms.

CONUS. 69

C. ROSSITERI, Brazier.

Shell turbinated, thin, shining, transversely finely striated
under the lens, longitudinally blotched with chestnut-brown, white
and light blue ; spire slightly convex, apex pointed ; whorls seven
to eight, upper edge of basal whorl splashed with white arrow-
shaped spots, alternating with dark square chestnut spots ; very
finely striated between the sutures, a dark interrupted chestnut
band across the centre of the shell, below the band faint whitish
spots ; base ridged, tipped with white, with a dark red band above
the white ; lip thin, slightly flexuous, edged with brown ; interior
of aperture white and brown. Length, *66 inch.

Botany Bay, N. S. Wales.

The above is the full description of this unfigured species ; it
is probably an immature shell. I have not seen it.

C. ALGOENSIS, Sowb. PI. '22, fig. 52.

Shell thin, smooth, chestnut-brown, with one or two bands of
longitudinal white markings ; spire articulated with white and
brown. Length, 1 inch.

Algoa Bay, So. Africa.
C. FUCATUS, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 53.

Shell conically turbinated, smooth or obsoletely peculiarly
indented, ridged at the base ; spire conspicuously striately
grooved, intermediate ridges granulated, apex raised, sharp j ash-
olive, spire marbled with white. Length, *8 inch.

Philippines.
C. LACHRYMOSUS, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 54.

Oblong-conical, slightly ventricose, rather thin, smooth, con-
tracted and ridged towards the base ; spire striately grooved,
sharp at the apex ; fulvous orange, encircled by interrupted lines
of darker color, white in the middle and on the upper edge,
painted longitudinally with promiscuously waved orange-brown
streaks, spire stained and variegated with the same color.

Length^ 1/25 inches.

Habitat unknown.

A doubtful species, described from the Cumingian collection.

C. ANEMONE, Lamarck. PI. 22, figs. 55-61.

Shell very variable in form, short and robust, with short spire,
or longer and more slender, with elevated spire ; spire and body-

70 CONUS.

whorl closely encircled throughout with close ridged striae ; white,
longitudinally nebulously or reticulately painted with chestnut
or chocolate, with an irregular central white band; aperture
chocolate-tinged and white-banded in the middle.

Length, l'25-2'25 inches.

Borneo, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia.

The peculiar ridged striae form the most constant character of
this species. The synonyms are rather numerous, as the form is
very inconstant; they include C. maculatus, Sowb. (fig. 56), a
short, broad shell, possibly 0. ardisiacus, Kiener, C. Novse-
Hollandise, A. Ad. (fig. 5t), C. Jukesii, Reeve (fig. 58), another
short-spired and broad-shouldered form, C. Cabrifi, Bernard!
(fig. 59), and C. compressus, Sowb. (fig. 60), an immature shell.

C. anemone is related to C. rosaceus, Chemn., in its striae and
the usual form of the spire and body-whorl, and it is possible
that they are specifically identical, although differing in the
pattern of coloring.

C. COCCEUS, Reeve. PL 22, figs. 62, 63.

Shell turbinated, rather stout towards the upper part, a little
rounded, transversely very finely ridged, interstices between the
ridges slightly pricked ; white delicately filleted with small
irregular pale scarlet spots ; spire obtusely convex.

Length, 1*2-1 '5 inches.

Australia, Philippines.

G. decrepitus, Kiener (fig. 63), appears to be a color- variety,
as determined by Reeve, Sowerby and Weinkauff.

C. CERINUS, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 64.

Shell somewhat stoutly ovate, rather thick, smooth, base pecu-
liarly granosely ridged, spire three-grooved ; white, conspicuously
painted with interrupted lineated chestnut blotches, apex pink.

Length, 1/15 inches.

Philippines.
C. YAYSSETIANUS, Crosse. PI. 22, fig. 65.

Shell finely coronated ; body-whorl closely striated, chestnut-
brown, with white maculations at the middle and ^less distinctly)
on the shoulder; aperture chestnut within. Length, 14 mill.

New Caledonia.

CONUS. 7 1

C. CARNALIS, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 66,

Shell obsoletely striate, slightly ridged towards the base ;
light pink, with two broad yellowish brown bands; spire also
tinged with yellowish brown. Length, 50 mill.

Habitat unknown.
€. MELVILLI, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 67.

Shell abbreviately subcylindrical, solid, obtusely angulated,
smooth, crenate-sulcate in front ; grayish white, with cinnamon-
brown longitudinal clouds, and undulating revolving lines, the
interstices with some curved longitudinal lines ; spire obtuse,
strigate with brown ; aperture brown-tinted. Length, 20 mill.

Key West, Florida (J. C. Melvill).

I am not acquainted with this species, of which a single speci-
men was obtained at the above locality.

SECTION XIII.
Gylindrella pars, Hermes pars.
C. KIENERI, Reeve. PL 22, figs. 68, 69.

Shell somewhat fusiformly turbinated. slightly recurved at the
base, transversely grooved throughout, grooves rather distant,
pricked ; spire striately grooved ; livid ash-color, variegated in
a banded, interrupted style with chestnut, sprinkled towards
the base with opaque white flakes, spire conspicuously spotted
with chestnut, interior of the aperture livid purple.
Length, 1'15 inches.

Madagascar (Weinkauff).

The synonyms are G. nisus, Kiener, C. roseus, Kiener, and G.
latifasciatus, Sowb. (fig. 69).

C. SUBULATUS, Kiener. PI. 22, fig. 70.

Shell narrow, with concavely elevated spire, carinated at the
sutures; body-whorl regularly distantly grooved throughout;
white, often with longitudinal chestnut strigations, interrupted
so as to form three broad bands. Length, 1'25— 1*75 inches.

Philippines.
C. PRETIOSUS, G. and H. Nevill.

Resembles G. subulatus, from which it can be distinguished by
its more pyriform, elegantly produced shape, by its being nearly

72 CONUS.

perfectly smooth (on the under side only, on two-thirds of the
last whorl, are unusually distant, impressed grooves to be traced,
and even these are almost obsolete) ; white, throughout closely
dashed with wavy, brown, slightly pinkish splashes ; these mark-
ings are somewhat larger and more distinct on the spire, and
also form two irregular bands on the body-whorl; apex very
sharp, spire much produced, composed of fourteen whorls,
acutely angled in the middle, above this angle spirally striated,
striae numerous, near the apex very slightly granular ; interior
of the aperture a beautiful pink, white near the margin ; epider-
mis thin, smoothish, compact. L. 60, diam. 25, L. apert. 48 mill.

Andaman Isles.

The above is a copy of the original description of this un-
figured species, from the single specimen.

C. NEPTUNUS, Reeve. PL 22, fig. 71.

Shell narrow, with concavely elevated spire and sharp apex,
body-whorl distantly grooved towards the base; flesh-color, every-
where veined and clouded with reddish chestnut flexuous lines
and spots ; aperture rosy white. Length, 1/75 inches.

Philippines.
C. NEPTUNOIDES, E. A. Smith. PL 22, fig. 72.

Shell somewhat wider at the shoulder and spire less striate
than in G. Neptunus ; yellowish white, with irregular chestnut
lines or large reticulations, forming two ill-defined broad bands ;
aperture rosy white. Length, 45 mill.

Australia.

The pattern of coloring is more open and less completely covers
the shell, the markings are narrower and better defined than in
G. Neptunus.

C. MUCRONATUS, Reeve. PL 22, figs. 73, 74 ; PL 23, fig. 75.

Shell acuminately turbinated, attenuated towards the base, with
revolving grooves throughout, grooves crossed by revolving
striae ; whitish, somewhat clouded with pale brown, spire spotted
with brown. Length, 1-1 '25 inches.

Philippines.

The spire is sometimes obsoletely coronated. G. alabaster,
Ads. and Reeve (fig. 74), is a synonym. Reeve figures it and
refers to the Moll. Voy, Samarang, but it is not described in that

NIVEK£?!TY

work, as it was probably ascertained to be a synonym in time to
publication. I place here also :

prevent publication. I ph

Var. ORBITATUS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 75.

Bidges flat, the grooves between them pricked and striated ;
whitish, variegated with burnt brown; spire acuminated, apex
raised and sharp.

C. PLANILIRATUS, Sowb. PL 23, fig. 76.

Spire maculated with chestnut, spirally striate, minutely can-
cellate ; body-whorl distantly grooved, yellowish white, maculated
with chestnut spots, forming obscure bands. Length, 22 mill.

Habitat unknown.

C. AUSTRALIS (Cbemn.), Auct. PI. 23, figs. 77, 78.

Shell distantly channeled throughout, the interstices usually
plane, sometimes minutely granular; channels narrow, longi-
tudinally striated ; spire much elevated, acuminated, striate,
sometimes obscurely minutely coronated; yellowish brown, with
light chestnut longitudinal short irregular lines, and clouds of
the same color forming; three obscure interrupted bands.

Length, 2-3'5 inches.

Australia, Moluccas.

C. laterculus, Sowb. (fig. 78), is a young shell of this species.

C. STRIGATUS, Hwass. PI. 23, fig. 79.

Shell elongately turbinated, somewhat cylindrical, whitish,
encircled throughout with a number of interrupted, close-set,
cinnamon-brown stripes, and palely variegated with oblong-
blotches of the same color ; spire convexly raised.

Length, 1*25 inches.

Habitat unknown.

A doubtful species, and possibly not the one intended by the
original description.

C. SULCATUS, Hwass. PI. 23, figs. 79a-81.

Shell with revolving grooves crossed by longitudinal striae, the
intermediate ridges flat or rounded, smooth ; spire short, cari-
nated, striate, sometimes with distant compressed tubercles ;
light yellowish brown, or whitish. Length, 2-2*5 inches.

China, Singapore.

74 CONUS.

Var. UNDULATUS, Sowb. PI. 23, fig. 80.

Middle and lower part of body-whorl distantly, narrowly
grooved, upper part smooth; spire with compressed tubercles.

Var. BOCKT, Sowb. PI. 23, fig. 81.

Angle of body-whorl more rounded than in the type, with the
tubercles larger and better defined ; upper part of body-whorl
nearly smooth, lower half slightly granularly costate.

Amboina.
C. GRANIFER, Reeve. PL 23, figs. 82, 83.

Shell somewhat fusiform, conical, granose throughout, ridged
at the base, spire slightly channeled, finely coronated at the edge ;
white, tinged with light brown at the base and apex.

Length, 1 inch.

Philippines.
C. EXARATUS, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 84.

Shell narrow, grooved throughout ; grooves regular, rather
broad, interstices very finely cancellated with striae ; pale bluish
purple, ornamented with a very few small, scattered, rusty, white
clouded spots ; spire acuminated. Length, '8 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Dr. Weinkauff suggests that this is an uncoronated variety of
the preceding species.

C. PULCHER, A. Ad. PL 23, fig. 85.

Shell sulcate throughout ; brown, obscurely light-banded in the
middle, encircled by lines of brown and white articulations ; spire
coronated. Length, *9 inch.

New Caledonia.

Possibly a young variety of C. sulcatus, Hwass.

C. SULCIFERUS, A. Adams. PL 23, fig. 86.

Shell oblong, distantly sulcate, the interspaces flat ; uniform
dark brown ; spire minutely beaded. Length, *9 inch.

New Ireland, New Caledonia.

Perhaps a young C. sulcatus, Hwass.

C. CANCELLATUS, Lam. PL 23, figs. 87-89.

Shell pear-shaped, broad and angulated at the shoulder, con-
tracted towards the base ; body-whorl closely sulcate throughout,
the sulci striate, intervening ridges rounded ; spire carinate,

CONUS. 75

concavely elevated, with acute apex, striate ; whitish, obscurely
doubly banded with clouds of light chestnut, and spire macu-
lated with the same. Length, 1'4 inches.

China, Philippines, Australia, Tahiti?

C. praecellens, A. Ad. (fig. 88), is a not fully mature specimen,
and C. turriculatus, Sowb. (fig. 89), is still younger.

C. ACULEJFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 23, figs. 90-94.

Narrow, with elevated spire ; encircled with equidistant punc-
tate grooves, and flat interspaces ; white, with light chestnut spots
and two interrupted broad bands of chestnut cloudings.

Length, 1-1*5 inches.

Australia, Philippines, China.

C. vimineus, Reeve (fig. 91), C. insculptus, Kiener (fig. 93),
C. longurionis, Kiener (fig. 94), and C. gracilis, Sowb. (fig. 92),
appear to be very nearly identical ; they can scarcely be classed
as varieties.

C. D'OBBIGNYI, Audouin. PI. 23, figs. 95, 96.

Spire elevated, closely striated, coronated; bod3'-whorl con-
tracted below, encircled with punctured channels ; yellowish
white, clouded and spotted with light chestnut, and forming
three interrupted bands. Length, T5-2-25 inches.

China, Japan, Philippines.

The synonymy includes C.planicostatus, Sowb., and C. gemmu-
latus, Sowb. (fig. 96), the latter a young shell.

C. ARMIGER, Crosse. PI. 24, fig. 97.

Spire elevated, with compressed tubercles at the sutures ; body-
whorl encircled by tuberculated striae ; yellowish white.

Length, 1*25 inches.

Habitat unknown.

Has much the appearance of the foregoing species. It is sup-
posed to be a fossil. First described by Kiener as C. crenulatus,
a name preoccupied by Deshayes, and therefore altered as above
by Mr. H. Crosse.

C. ARCUATUS, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 98.

Shell broadly and angularly shouldered, spire concavely ele-
vated, apex acute, body-whorl somewhat contracted below, with
revolving striae, sometimes obsolete above ; white, marbled or

7fi CON US.

streaked with chestnut, the coloring usually interrupted by the
revolving sculpture so as form revolving series of spots.

Length, 1-25-1/75 inches.

Mazatlan, West Coast of Mexico.

Very probably C. scalaris, Val. (PL 27, fig. 10), is an overgrown
specimen of this species, with the spire gradate, and abnormally
produced.

C. UNDATUS, Kiener. PL 24, figs. 99, 100, 1, 2.

Shell strongly spirally striate ; yellowish brown, marbled with
chestnut, which is interrupted by the revolving sculpture so as
to form many short, close lines of color. Length, 35 mill.

Fiji Islands (Sowb.), China.

C. subaequalis, Sowb. (fig. 100), a young shell, C. Sowerbyi,
Reeve (fig. 1), and C. cingulatus, Reeve, not Lamarck (fig. 2),
are synonyms.

C. CINGULATUS, Lam. PL 24, figs. 3, 4.

Shell with nearly direct sides, body-whorl sulcate below ; 3'eJ-
lowish, striped longitudinally with chestnut, with close series of
revolving chestnut spots. Length, 1/85 inches.

Philippines.

Very closely allied to C. undo.tus, Kr., and possibly a variety
of that species ; both of them are too closely related to C. arcu-
atus, Brod. and Sowb. C. Sinensis, Sowb. (fig. 4), is a synonym.

C. ACUTANGULUS, Hwass. PL 24, fig. 5.

Shell with concavely elevated spire, carinate and usualty
minutely tuberculate at the sutures ; body-whorl encircled by
punctate grooves; white, clouded with light chestnut, with usually
an ill-defined central white band. Length, '5-1 inch.

Philippines.

Is very probably the young of C. cancellatus, Lam. The West
Indian species usually known to American collectors under this
name, I refer to C. verrucosus, Hwass.

C. COMMODUS, A. Ad.

Shell elongately turbinated, narrow, smooth, base obliquely
sulcate ; white, under a fulvous epidermis ; spire elevated, con

vexly acute, variegated with light fulvous; apex
body-whorl acute and carinated behind.

Habitat unknown (Mus. Gruner).
An unfigured species ; no dimensions given.

C. WILMERI, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 6.

Shell fusiform, pale brown, transversely ribbed, ribs strong,
rounded, smooth, equal in width to the interstices, which are
crossed with thread-like striae ; spire very elevated, whorls eleven,
flatly sloping, with three deep-cut spiral grooves, keeled at the
angle, a spiral cord against the suture ; last whorl with the upper
angle acutely keeled, sides sloping, and attenuated towards the
base ; aperture narrow ; lip slightly sinuated at the upper
extremity. Length, 21 mill.

Andaman Islands.

Much narrower than C. acutangulus, with a very elevated spire.
Possibly a young shell of a form of 0. d'Orbignyi.

C. TENUISULCATUS, Sowb. PL 24, fig. 7.

Body-whorl narrowly distantly sulcate ; white, three-fasciate
with large, light brown spots. Length, *75 inch.

Habitat unknown.

An immature shell, which does not appear to possess any
remarkable distinctive characters ; is closely allied to C. rarimac-
ulatus, described in the same paper and figured on the same plate
\)y Sowerby.

C. TRISTIS, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 8.

Shell smooth, grooved towards the base, spire concavely raised,
striated, finely nodulous, nodules of the last whorl obsolete ;
white. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

The figure appears to be that of a dead specimen which has lost
its color through bleaching.

C. BORNEENSIS, Ad. and Reeve. PL 24.

Spire elevated, whorls channeled, carinate, lower part of body-
whorl distantly sulcate ; white, blotched here and there on the
body and spire with chestnut. Length, 1*75 inches.

Borneo, Australia.

Perhaps too closely related to C. undatus, Kiener. C. acuti-

78 CONUS.

marginatus, Sowb. (fig. 10), and C. Lizardensis, Crosse (fig. 11),
are referred as synonyms to this species by Dr. Weinkauff ; they
are both young shells.

C. VERRUCOSUS, Hwass. PL 24, figs. 12-18.

Spire raised, smooth, slightly gradate, sometimes obsoletely
tuberculate ; body-whorl distantly, narrowly sulcate ; spaces
between the sulci plane, sometimes smooth, usually tuberculated ;
yellowish white, irregularly clouded with orange or chestnut.

Length, '75-1-2 inches.

W. Coast of Africa, West Indies.

The smoother form of this species is usualty known under the
name of acutangulus, Hwass — which is a Philippine Islands shell,
differing in its smaller size, want of tubercles and punctured sul-
cations. C. echinulatus, Kiener (fig. 13), C. nodiferus, Kiener
(fig. 15), C. sticticus, A. Ad. (fig. 14), C. Mindanus, Hwass (fig.
16), C. cretaceus, Kiener (fig. 17), C. anaglypticus, Crosse (fig.
18), and possibly C. elventinus, Duclos, are synonyms.

C. CORRUGATUS, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 19.

• Shell closely sulcate, the interstices raised, rounded and more
or less granular ; light chestnut, spotted with dark chestnut, with
a median lighter band. Length, *75 inch.

China (specimen from Sowerby),

A more slender and much more finely sculptured shell than
C. verrucosus, with the edges of the spire-whorls neatly spotted
with brown.

C. PAPALIS, Weinkauff. PI. 24, fig. 20.

Shell fusiformly turbinated, swollen at the shoulder, encircled
throughout with fine, equidistant ridges ; spire proportionally
large, elevated, strongly coronated, white ; body-whorl olive-ash,
marked below by small oblong-square white flakes.

Length, -5 inch.

Philippines.

Undoubtedly a very young shell. It was described by Reeve
under the name of C. coronatus, preoccupied by Dillwyn for
another species. Is it a young C. pontificalis ?

CONUS. 7 9

C, SEMISULCATUS, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 21.

Spire concavely acuminate, the whorls near the apex minutely
beaded ; body-whorl distantly sulcate below ; chestnut-brown* _

Length, *85 inch.

Habitat unknown.

C. CALEDONICUS, Hwass. PI. 25, fig. 22.

Orange, encircled by numerous thread-like chestnut lines, the
lower of which are very finely granulated; spire somewhat acu-
minated, obsoletely coronated. Length, 2'25 inches.

New Caledonia (Capt. Cook).

Described from a specimen obtained during Capt. Cook's voyage
around the world, and not identified with any subsequently dis-
covered specimens. The original of my figure was drawn from
what is believed to be the type specimen, forming part of the
Delessert (Geneva) collection.

Section XI V. TEREBRI.
Hermes (Montf.), Morch, pars.
C. NUCLEUS, Reeve. PI. 25, fig. 23.

Shell with fine revolving striae ; orange-brown, with an irregular
white band, and spots ; aperture violaceous. Length, '9 inch.

Philippines, New Caledonia.
Possibly only a variety of the next species.

C. LUTEUS, Brod. PI. 25, figs. 24, 25.

Shell yellow, pink or purplish, encircled by chestnut lines
which are mostly broken up into chestnut and white articulations,
an irregular white band below the middle ; aperture purplish,
with a central white band. Length, 1-1 '5 inches.

Island of Annaa.
C. GLANS, Hwass. PL 25, figs. 26-28.

Shell encircled throughout with coarse or fine strise, which are
sometimes granular; violaceous or brown, with a few lighter
spots on the spire, and usually a light irregular band below the
middle of the body-whorl ; aperture violaceous.

Length, 1— l'T5 inches.

Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia.

C. tenuistriatus, Sowb. (fig. 28), is a synonym.

80 CONUS.

C. SCABRIUSCULUS, Chemn. PI. 25, fig. 29.

Shell striate throughout, sometimes minutely granular ; chest-
nut or chocolate-color, with large white maculations on spire and
below the shoulder, as well as around the middle of the body-
whorl ; base of body-whorl tinged with purple ; aperture tinged
with purple. Length, 1—1*5 inches.

Caroline Is., Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia.

C.fabula, Sowb., is a synonym.

C. TENDINEUS, Hwass. PI. 25, fig. 30.

Shell striate, sometimes granular throughout ; violaceous
chestnut, under an olive-brown thin epidermis, with large oblong
white spots, arranged in two series on the body-whorl, one series
below the shoulder, the other below the middle, base also white
or violaceous ; aperture tinged with violet.

Length, 2-2'5 inches. I. Bourbon, Mauritius, Annaa.

C. TEREBRA, Born. PI. 25, figs. 31-33.

Shell striated throughout ; pale yellowish or ash-color, indis-
tinctly two-banded, often somewhat tinged with violet at the
base ; aperture white or slightty violaceous.
Length, l'T5-4 inches.

Red Sea, Nicobar Is., Ceylon, Isl. of Bourbon,
Philippines, N. Australia, New Caledonia,

Fiji Islands.

C. ccelebs, Hinds (fig. 32), is a young specimen, and C. Thomasi,
Sowb. (fig. 33), differs only in the spire being somewhat shorter
than usual.

C. CAILLIAUDI, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 34.

Shell narrow, smooth, with low spire and undulated or slightly
tuberculated shoulder; yellowish, encircled throughout by narrow
chestnut lines. Length, 2 inches. Habitat unknown.

C. NUSSATELLA, Linn. PI. 25, fig. 35.

Shell closely striated, the striae minutely granular; yellowish
white, clouded irregularly with orange-brown or light purple-
brown, with numerous chestnut spots on the striaB.
Length, l'5-2'25 inches.

Eed Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Philippines,

N. Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia •

CONUS. 81

C. TENELLUS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 25, tig. 36.

Shell narrow, cylindrical, encircled by minutely granose striae;
whitish, broadly three-banded by oblong longitudinal clouds of
orange-brown, the interstices brown-spotted. Length, 1-75 inches.

Australia.

This is the G. artoptus, Sowb., and C. spectabilis, A. Ad.

C. CLAVUS, Linn. PI. 25, figs. 37, 38.

Shell cylindrical, with revolving stria? throughout ; two-banded
with orange-brown and covered with large and small reticulating
lines of the same color ; spire convex, maculated.

Length, 2 inches.

Java, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia.

Related by its coloring to the textile group.

Yar. DACTYLOSUS, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 38.

Shell narrower, the reticulated pattern much smaller and more
uniform in the size of the meshes, interrupted by three or four
broad, uniform orange-brown bands.

C. CIRCUMCISUS, Born. PL 25, figs. 39, 40.

Shell thin, striated throughout ; yellowish or violaceous white ;
clouded. with chestnut, with distant revolving series of chestnut
spots and short lines, most conspicuous on two irregular lighter
bands. Length, 2-2'5 inches.

Philippines.

This species is also well-known under the name of C. dux,
Hwass, given to it several years later. G. Du Saveli, H. Adams
(fig. 40), from Mauritius, is a beautifully colored variety.

C. BRAZIEET, Sowb. PL 25, fig. 41.

Shell rather solid, with revolving striae throughout ; whitish,
tinged with pale rose-pink, with two broad, light yellowish browH
bands, sprinkled here and there with a few very minute brown
spots ; spire conspicuous^ marked with dark brown blotches.

Length, 75 mill.

Solomon Islands (Brazier).

Closely allied to the preceding species.

C. GRANULATUS, Linn. PL 25, figs. 42, 43.

Shell regularly grooved throughout the body-whorl, the inter-
6

82 CONUS.

stices plane or granular ; spire striate, often gradate ; orange-red,
raised portions with very narrow chestnut revolving lines, white-
clouded, especially in the middle, forming an irregular band, which
is mottled and bordered with chestnut ; interior rosy.

Length, 1-5-2 inches.

West Indies.

C. verulosus, Hwass. (fig. 43) = C. fusus, Gmel., appears to
be only a worn state of this species, devoid of color.

C. COCCINEUS, Gmelin. PI. 25, fig. 44.

Shell thin, with somewhat convex sides, encircled by striae,
which are often minutely granular ; spire moderate, sometimes
gradate, striate, obsoletely coronated ; orange pink, with a white
central band, variegated with dark brown spots and blotches ;
spire usually maculated. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches.

Philippines, New Caledonia.

This shell is equally well known as C. Solandri, Brod.

C. FILAMENTOSUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 45.

Shell oblong-conical, obtusely angled at the upper part, slightly
inflated, smooth, encircled throughout with narrow distant
grooves ; spire striate, with raised, sharp apex ; whitish, profusely
clouded with yellowish orange; here and there scarlet-tinged,
and closely encircled throughout with very fine thread-like lines
of a darker color. Length, 28 mill.

Habitat unknown.

There are about five of the color-lines between each groove. I
am not acquainted with this species.

C. NIMBOSUS, Hwass. PI. 26, fig. 46.

Rosy or violaceous white, with two faint chestnut bands,
closely encircled by lines of small chocolate dots ; body-whorl
with close revolving grooves. Length, 1*45 inches.

Ceylon.
C. AURISIACUS, Linn. PI. 26, fig. 47.

Shell with slight revolving ridges, sometimes granulated below ;
spire channeled and striate ; pink-white, with deeper-colored bands,
distantly encircled by lines of short dashes and dots of chocolate ;
spire with conspicuous chocolate markings. Length, 2 inches.

Moluccas.

CONUS. 83

C. BARTHELEMYI, Bernard!. PL 26, fig. 48.

Shell covered with fine undulating striae ; orange-red, with a
central white band, upon and in the neighborhood of which are
a few chocolate spots ; spire whitish, maculated with chocolate.

Length, 3'75 inches.

Ghagos Isl.

Dr. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. aurisiacus.

C. CYLINDRACEUS, Brod. and Sowb. PL 26, figs. 49, 50.

Shell with fine revolving striae, somewhat granulous towards
the base ; chestnut, longitudinally streaked with white, with fre-
quently an upper and lower band of white maculations.

Length, 1-1-5 inches.

Society Islands; New Caledonia.

C. MITRATUS, Hwass. PL 26, figs. 51, 52.

Shell covered with granulated revolving striae; white, encircled
near the shoulder, on the middle and base by large chestnut
maculations, forming three interrupted bands ; spire maculated
with brown. Length, 28 mill.

Isl. Bourbon, Philippines, New Caledonia.

This shell much resembles in form Dibaphus edendulus, one of
the Mitridae.

C. Pupaeformis, Sowb. (fig. 52), described as a variety, is
identical.

C. CREBRISULCATUS, Sowb. PL 26, fig. 53.

Shell red, sulcats, with smooth, elevated spire, beaded at the
angles. Length, 15 mill.

Sandwich Islands (Weinkauff).

C. TRAILLII, A. Ad. PL 26, fig. 54.

Shell finely sulcated, yellowish white, with two broad bands of
tessellated chocolate spots. Length, 12 mill.

Malacca.
C. PUNCTURATUS, Hwass. PL 26, fig. 55.

Shell cancellated with longitudinal and revolving lines, pale
ash-color ; spire striated, obsoletely coronated, spotted with
brown, apex rose-tinted. Length, 10 mill.

Australia.

84 CONUS.

Section XY. BULBI.
Conella, Swainson.

C. AFEICANUS, Kiener. PL 26, figs. 56-62.

Shell turbinated, obtusely inflated above ; chestnut or choco-
late color, with white maculations, forming an irregular broad
central band ; spire maculated. Length, 1-25 inches.

Guinea, West Africa.
Var. BULBUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 5T.

Shell longitudinally irregularly striped with chocolate and
white.

Yar. DUPONTI, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 58.

Shell shorter and broader, with irregular chestnut and white
maculations.

Yar. GRAYI, Reeve. PI. 26, figs. 59, 60.

Shell gray or ashy blue, ornamented with large, waved choco-
late spots, generally arranged so as to form two bands ; aperture
Violaceous. Length, 1 inch.

? Australia (Brazier) ; L. Guinea (Dunker).

G. obtusus, Kiener (fig. 60), is a synonym.

Yar. GUTTATUS, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 61.

Shell yellowish brown, with irregular small chocolate blotches,
and a few small spots in revolving series.

Yar. VARIEGATUS, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 62.

Yellowish brown or chestnut-color, maculated with brown on
the shoulder, with numerous fine chocolate revolving lines often
broken up into spots.

C. ZEBROIDES, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 62 a.

Shell yellowish brown, longitudinally, irregularly striped with
chestnut, extending over the spire. Length, 4*7 mill.

Australia.

No locality is given by Kiener for this species, but G. Cooki,
Brazier (unfigured), described from Botany Bay, New South
Wales, a shell 20 mill, in length, appears to be a younger speci-
men of the same species.

CONUS. 85

C. CONCINNULUS, Crosse. PL 26, fig. 63.
. White, with chestnut waved longitudinal markings.

Length, *75 inch. Gulf of California.

The specific name is substituted for C. concinnus, Brod., pre-
occupied by Sowerby, sen. I am not acquainted with the species.

C. ATRAMENTOSUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 64.

Shell encircled by finely pricked grooves ; chestnut-color with
generally a few white spots on the shoulder, and white-tinted at
the base. Length, 12 mill.

Philippines, New Caledonia, Sandwich Is.

C. fusiformis = C. parvus, Pease, an unfigured species from
the Sandwich Islands, is identical ; I have authentic specimens
before me.

C. HIEROGLYPHICUS, Duclos. PI. 26, fig. 65.

Shell cylindrically ovate, ashy violet-color, ornamented with
two bands of peculiarly sinuated white spots ; with revolving
series of pale granules ; spire convexly acute, variegated ; base
striated. Length, '85 inch.

? West Indies.
C. LUGUBKIS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 66.

Shell finely striated, rudely ridged at the base, ridges few and
distant, spire conspicuously grooved ; chocolate-black, obscurely
reticulated here and there with numerous aggregated small white
spots. Length, -75 inch. West Africa.

C. hieroglyphicus, var. Kiener, is identical.

Section XVI. TULIPS.
Nubecula, Klein (in part).
C. STRIATUS, Linn. PI. 26, fig. 67.

Shell irregularly clouded with pink-white and chestnut or
chocolate, with fine close revolving striae, forming the darker
ground-color by close colored lines ; spire tessellated with chest-
nut or chocolate and white, its whorls slightly channeled, cari-
nate and striate. Length, 2-5-3'5 inches.

Red Sea, East Africa, Ceylon, Philippines,

Australia, New Caledonia^ Viti Islands.
C. terminus, Kiener (not Lamarck), is identical.

86 CONUS.

C. GUBERNATOR, Hwass. PI. 26, figs. 68, 69.

Whorls of the spire oarinate, channeled and striate, tessellated
with chestnut ; body-whorl pink-white, longitudinally clouded
with chestnut or chocolate, often obscurely two-banded ; several
distant sulci towards the base. Length, 2*5-4 inches.
East Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Ceylon,

Philippines, New Caledonia.

C. terminus, Lam. (fig. 69), is described as having a less
rounded shoulder, is narrower, etc. ; but in the series before me
the transition forms make a series of stages so complete that I
cannot separate C. terminus even as a variety.

C. BOIVINI, Kiener. PI. 28, fig. 70.

Spire depressed, channeled ; bod3^-whorl with equidistant
revolving punctured grooves, obsolete in the middle ; yellowish
white, with two light brown bands, and a few hieroglyphic mark-
ings. Length, 2-5 inches.

East Africa (Weinkauff).

C. MELANCHOLICUS, Lam. PI. 28, fig. 71.

Shell elongated, rather cylindrical, cancellated with exceedingly
fine striae ; orange-red, with a band of white spots at the shoulder
and another below the middle of the body-whorl ; spire smooth
and sharp, spirally striated, variegated with orange-red.

Length, 2 inches.

Habitat unknown.

The type specimen remains unique.

C. RHODODENDRON (Couthouy), Jay. PL 28, fig. 72.

Spire depressed, channeled and striate ; body-whorl grooved
above and below, smooth in the middle ; rosy white, with
numerous small triangular chestnut spots and three bands of
violaceous and chestnut clouds and reticulations.

Length, 1-75-2-25 inches.

Australia, New Guinea, Polynesia.

Perhaps the most beautiful species of the genus. C. cingulatus,
Sowb. (not Lamarck), is a synonym, and C. discrepans, Sowb.,
a dead, colorless shell, not adult, but with the same form and
grooving, is referred here by Dr. Weinkauff.
C. FLOCCATUS, Sowb. PI. 2*8, figs. 73, 74.

Shell oblong, subcylindrical, solid, granosely silicate below;

CONUS. 87

light purplish, with longitudinal flames and revolving bands of
chestnut, and lines of angulate white spots.

Length, 2*5 inches.

Philippines.

C. Magdalense, Kiener (fig. 74), is a pale variety.

C. JULII, Lie'nard. PI. 28, figs. 75, 76.

Shell white, upper part of body-whorl, spire and interior,
tinged with pink, body-whorl with longitudinal chestnut striga-
tions, forming two irregular bands. Length, 1*5 inches.

Mauritius.

This is perhaps only a variety of C. floccatus ; the figure
which Kiener gives under that name (fig. 76), appearing to be
somewhat intermediate in its characters.

C. BULLATUS, Linn. PI. 28, fig. 77.

Shell inflated, thin, grooved below ; white, clouded with
orange-red and chestnut, forming two ill-defined bands, with
indistinct revolving rows of white and chestnut articulations ;
aperture pink. Length, l'5-2'5 inches.

Philippines, N. Caledonia.

It is the C. Tinianus of Kiener, not Kiister.

C. CERVUS, Lam. PL 28, figs. 78, 79.

Shell large, cylindrically inflated, thin, pale rosy yellow,
encircled by lines and bands of chestnut and white spots, and
hieroglyphic markings. Length, 4*25 inches.

Moluccas.

Allied to C. bullatus, but much larger and differently fasciated,
yet it may prove to be only a gigantic variety of that species.

Var. CUVIERI, Crosse.

Shell smaller, pale fawn-color, with a few large white blotches;
especially about the middle, and numerous close revolving lines
of chestnut spots. Length, 2 inches.

Red Sea, Australia.

The name was substituted by Crosse for G. Deshayesii, Reeve,
preoccupied for a fossil species.

C. TULIPA, Linn. PL 28, figs. 80, 81.

Shell variegated with violet and white, clouded with chestnut,

88 CONUS.

with numerous revolving rows of minute chestnut and white
articulations; interior violaceous. Length, 2-2*5 inches.
East Africa, Bed Sea, Ceylon, Philippines,

New' Caledonia, Polynesia.
The synonymy includes C.floridus, Sowb. (fig. 81).

C. VIOLACEUS, Reeve. PL 28, figs. 82, 83.

Shell subcylindrical, violaceous, with chestnut blotches, form-
ing three interrupted bands, and faint lines of minute chestnut
and white articulations. Length, 1-1-25 inches.

Philippines, Id. Annaa, etc.

With this I unite C. obscurus, Reeve (fig. 83), and C. geo-
graphuSj var. of Sowb. It differs from young shells of C. tulipa
in its more cylindrical form and in having three bands.

C. GEOGRAPHUS, Linn. PL 28, fig. 84 ; PL 29, fig. 85.

Shell thin, cjdindrically inflated, with thread-like revolving
striae, usually nearly obsolete except at the base ; spire striated
and coronated ; pink or violaceous white, clouded and coarsely
reticulated with chestnut or chocolate, usually forming two very
irregular bands ; aperture violaceous white.

Length, 3-5 inches.

E. Africa, Eed Sea, Ceylon, Philippines,

N. Caledonia, Polynesia.
Yar. MAPPA, Crosse. PL 29, fig. 85.

Shell smaller, more cylindrical, rose-color, marked as in the
typical form ; base of body-whorl obsolete^ grooved. The
name was substituted by Crosse for C. intermedius, Reeve ; the
latter being preoccupied by Lamarck for a fossil species.

Section XVII. TEXTI.
Cylinder, Montf. Textilia. Swains.
C. AUREUS, Hwass. PL 29, fig. 86.

Shell subcylindrical, with fine revolving striae ; orange-brown,
very finely reticulated with chestnut, with larger subtriangular
spots of white, aggregated into masses and bands at the shoulder,
middle and base ; there are usually a number of longitudinal
streaks of che'stnut running over the orange-brown reticulated
spaces. Length, 1*5-2 inches.

Moluccas, Philippines, New Caledonia.

ffUffTl

CONUS.

^

C. PAULUCCT^E, Sowerby. PL 29, fig. 87.

Shell elongated, rather solid, obsoletely striated, very obtusely
angulated behind and attenuated to the front; whitish, with
broad interrupted bands of orange, longitudinally streaked with
chestnut-brown, intersected by a net work of triangular orange
lines ; spire pyramidal, whorls faintly spirally grooved ; aperture
narrow, white. Length, 2'25 inches.

Mauritius.

The form is more tapering and surface smoother than C.
aureus. It is perhaps a variety of the next species.

C. PYRAMIDALIS, Lam. PL 29, figs. 88, 89.

Shell smooth, conical, finely striated at the base ; violaceous
or flesh-color, covered by chestnut or chocolate reticulations,
and doubly banded. Length, 1-75 inches. Australia.

This species is not well understood ; with some of the figures
illustrating it ; C. Pauluccise seems to be very closely allied, whilst
Reeve's conception of it is a shell approaching G. textile.
C. convolutus, Sowb. (fig. 89), appears to differ only in its more
vivid coloring.

C. GLORIA-MARIS, Hwass. PL 29, fig. 90

White, finely reticulated with orange-brown lines, enclosing
triangular spaces, with three interrupted bands of chestnut
hieroglyphic markings. Length, 3-5 inches.

Philippines.

A magnificent and very rare species.

C. RETIFER, Menke. PL 29, fig. 91.

Shell pear-shaped, with revolving striae ; reticulated orange-
brown with large and small triangular white patches, and zigzag
longitudinal chocolate markings, mostly interrupted so as to
form one or two bands ; interior light violaceous.

Length, 1— 1/75 inches.

Philippines to Sa,ndwich Islands.

Equally well known under Sowerby 's name of C. solidus. Its
nearest ally is C. verriculum, Reeve, a stumpy variety of C.
textile.

C. TEXTILE, Linn. PL 29, figs. 92-99 ; PL 30, figs. 100-7.

Shell yellowish brown, with undulating longitudinal lines of

90 CONUS.

chocolate, interrupted by triangular white spaces ; these last are
irregularly disposed, but crowded at the shoulder, base and
middle so as to form bands ; spire similarly marked ; aperture
white. Length, 2'5-3 5 inches.

Mauritius, Red Sea, Ceylon, Japan, Philippines,

Australasia, Viti Islands, etc.

The synonymy includes G. vicarius, Lam. (fig. 95), G. scriptus,
Sowb. (fig. 96), in which the reticulations cover most of the
surface.

Yar. TELATUS, Reeve. PL 29, figs. 91, 98.

The triangular reticulations much finer than in the type. In
a specimen before me the usual three bands are each divided
into two, with narrow intervening spaces. Another slight modi-
fication of pattern of coloring is C. tigrinus, Sowb. (fig. 98).

Yar. VERRICULUM, Reeve. PL 29, fig. 99.

Shell shorter and proportional^ wider than the type ; the
triangular white markings are usually larger and cover more of
the surface. Approaches the preceding species, C. retifer.

Yar. EUETRIOS, Sowb. PL 30, fig. ] 00.

Shell finely reticulated with chocolate lines over the white
surface, as to cause it to appear a uniform chocolate-color at a
distance, crossed by three broad bands of darker color.

Approaches C. Elisse, Kiener.

Yar. ARCHIEPISCOPUS, Hwass. PL 30, figs. 1-3.

Shell smaller than the type, with much smaller reticulations,
more completely covering the surface. Connected with textile
by intermediate stages. (7. canonicus, Hwass. (fig. 2), does not
appear to be essentially different, and C. rubescens, Bonnet, and
C. Madagascariensis, Sowb. (fig, 3), may also be placed here.

Yar. CONDEXSUS, Sowb. PL 30, fig. 4.

Shell narrower than the type, connecting with C. auratus.

Yar. LEGATUS, Lam. PL 30, fig. 5.

Shell small and rather narrow, with strong longitudinal choc-
olate markings over the reticulations. This is essentially a
young state of G. canonicus, above, into which it passes with
growth.

CONUS. 91

Yar. VICTORIA, Reeve. PL 30, fig. 6.

Differs from the type in the reticulations being mostly smaller,
arid light-colored, contrasting strongly with the bands of very
dark chocolate longitudinal stripes, and in being more or less

overlaid with violaceous clouds.

Australia.
Var. COMPLANATUS, Sowb. PL 30, fig. 7.

Shell more inflated than C. Victoria, with much shorter spire,
the reticulations more delicate, the bands much lighter in color.
This shell, also from Australia, probably passes into the form
Victories.

C. PREVOSTI, Sowb. PL 30, fig. 8.

Shell narrow, sulcate below ; orange, obscurely fasciated with
chestnut, and finely reticulated with narrow orange lines ; spire
with two striae. Length, 40 mill.

New Caledonia.

I am not acquainted with this species.

C. CONCATENATES, Kiener. PL 30, fig. 9.

White, very openly reticulated with orange-red lines.

Length, 35 mill.

Habitat unknown.

An unrecognized form, which may prove to be a variety of
C. textile.

C. DALLI, Stearns. PL 30, fig. 10.

Spire indistinctly grooved ; body-whorl obscurely spirally
ribbed below ; yellowish brown, with reddish brown longitudinal
stripes, interrupted by four revolving bands of white spots, and
occasional white spots on the darker surface ; interior rosy pink.

Length, 2-15-2-35 inches.

Gulf of California.

Closety allied to C. textile, but the spire has a convex outline,
the interior is roseate, the spots are smaller, etc. The distribu-
tion of C. textile is entirely different ; yet this may be only a
variety.

C. LUCIDUS, Mawe. PL 30, fig. 11.

Shell white, encircled by equidistant narrow chestnut lines,
which are connected longitudinally by semicircular lines — some-

92 CONUS.

times crowded, but usually distant, forming series of open
reticulations ; spire fasciculated with chestnut.
Length, 1-5-2-35 inches.

Isle of La Plata, W. Coast of Central America.

C. ABBAS, Hwass. PI. 30, figs. 12-14.

Shell white, very finely reticulated with narrow orange-brown
lines, with a broad central and often narrower upper and lower
bands of darker color bearing occasional longitudinal chocolate
stripes. Length, 1-5-2*5 inches.

E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia.

Yery closely allied to C. textile, but the shell is smaller, the
reticulations much smaller, the longitudinal streaks rarely
apparent, and the dark bands of abbas occupy about the same
positions as the lightest markings of textile.

Yar. PANNICULUS, Lam. PI. 30, figs. 13, 14.

Body-whorl with four bands of fine reticulations, and three
bands bearing longitudinal chocolate stripes. C. corbula, Sowb.
(fig. 14), is very similar in its markings.

C. ELIS^E, Kiener. PL 30, fig. 15.

Shell white, so closely finely longitudinally lined and reticulated
with chocolate, as to appear like a chocolate surface with innumer-
able white specks, with two or three broad darker bands.

Length, 2 inches.

Madagascar.
C. CROCATUS, Lam. PI. 31, figs. 16, 17.

Shell saffron-yellow, with a few scattered small white triangu-
lar spots ; spire tessellated with chestnut. Length, 2*75 inches.

Philippines, New Caledonia.

C. EACEMOSUS, Sowb. PL 31, fig. 18.

Shell rather solid, smooth, with convex spire ; brownish orange-
color, with obscure revolving lines sparingly articulated with
white, and clusters of white triangular spots, mostly disposed in
three bands. Length, 2-15 inches.

Sandwich Islands.

Yery doubtfully distinct from the following species.

C. OMARIA, Hwass. PL 31, figs. 19-28.

Shell varying from orange-brown to chocolate-color, covered

CONUS. 93

by minute white spots, and overlaid by larger white triangular
spots, sometimes forming bands at the shoulder, middle and
base. Length. 2^3 inches.

Red Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia.
With this species I am compelled to unite G. pennaceus, Born
(figs. 20, 21), C. prselatus, Hwass (fig. 22), C. episcopus, Hwass
(figs. 23, 24), C. rubigmosus, Hwass (fig. 25), G. magnificus,
Reeve (fig. 26), and G. stellatus, Kiener (fig. 2*7), the latter a
juvenile.

Yar. COLUBRINUS, Lam. PL 31, fig. 28.

Shell rather narrower, marked like C. textile, with longitudinal
chocolate streaks, the triangular white spots fewer and smaller.

C. AULTCUS, Linn. PL 31, figs. 29, 30.

Shell rather narrow, with elevated spire; chocolate-brown,
covered by elevated close revolving lines of darker color ; sur-
face irregularly overlaid by subtriangular white spots, some of
which are very large. Length, 3'5-5'5 inches.

Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia,

Viti Isles, etc.

Distinguished by its form and revolving raised lines, and the
absence of white articulations.

C. AUBATUS, Lam. (fig. 30), is distinguished only by a redder
color and occasional minute white spots on ,the revolving striae ;
it is scarcely entitled to a varietal name.

Undetermined and Spurious Species.

The following names, mostly of long standing, have not been
identified with any of the species by either of the monographers.
The descriptions are usually insufficient, and the references to
the plates (sometimes the figures themselves) perplexing.
C. PUSIO, Lam. ; C. JASEIDEUS, Gmel. ; C. INSULARIS, Gmel. ; G.

LEOPARDUS, Meusch. ; C. FUSIFORMIS, Lam. ; C. LAMELLOSUS,

Brug. ; C. ZIGZAG, Muhlf. ; C. NIGER, Jay.

C. SINENSIS, Gmel. (JAn artificially colored specimen. — Yon
Martens.)

94 CONUS.

C. LUTEUS, Quoy. Yoy. Astrol. (Scarcely a Cone. — Sowerby.)

The single specimen recorded by Quoy was lost.
C. MAURUS, Gray. Australia.

C. OCELLATUS, Gmel. (? Artificially colored.— Yon Martens.)
C. CINCTUS, Yal. Acapulco.

C. MAMILLARIS, Green. (The figure unrecognizable.) Florida.

The following recently described, but unfigured species, I am
unable to locate.

C. CARMELI, T.-Woods. Tasmania.

C. SOPKLE, Brazier. Solomon's Islands.

C. PURUS, Pease. Polynesia.

Errata.

Page 12. After " C. Lorenzianus, Chemn.," add Sowerby r in
part.

Page 38. After " C. yradatulus " read Weinkauff instead of
Sowerby.

INDEX AND SYNONOMY.

COMICS.

PAGE.

Abbas (Conus"), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 750, . 92
Abbreviates (Conus), Nuttall, Mss. Reeve, Icon., f. 86. . 22

= C. miliaris, Hwass., var.
Achates (Conus), Meuschen. E. A. Smith, Jour. Linn. Soc.

xii, 536. = C. monachus, Linn.

Achatinus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, pi. 142, f. 131 7. 64
Aculeiformis (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 176. 75
Acuminatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

268, ..... 31

Acutangulus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, pi. 182, f. 1772,

1773, .... ... 76, 78

Acutimarginatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., f. 640, 641.

= C. Borneensis, Ad. and Reeve, var. . . . .78
Acutus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 119, fig. 142.

= C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var 23

Adamsoni (Conus), Gray, Mss. Brit. Mus., Reeve, Icon., f. 22.

= C. rhododendron, Couth.
Adansoni (Conus), Lam. An., s. Yert. vii, p. 502.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, var .66

Adansoni (Conus), Reeve, Icon., f. 190, 193.

= C. nigropunctatus, Sowb. . . . ... .64

Adriaticus (Conus), Chiereghini. Crosse, Gruerin's Mag.,

203,1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Adustus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 204, fig. 403.

= C. classiarius, Hwass, juv. ...... 41

Aegrotus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. v., Sup,, f. 250. . 45
Aemulus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179.

= C. coerulescens, Chemn. ...... 66

Afflnis (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3391.

= C, circumcisus, Born.

Africanus (Conus), Kien. Sp. gen. Conch., 260, pi. 104, f. 2. 84
Africanus (Conus), Meusch. Sowb., Thes. Index.

= C. tseniatus, Hwass.
Agrestis (Conus), Spengl. Morch, Kierulf Cat., p. 31.

= C. figulinus, L., var. Loroisi.

(95)

96 INDEX AND SYNONOMY.

Alabaster (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t.

6, f. 257, 72

Albicans (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., iii, No. 13, f. 98, . 74
Albomaculatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 2.

= C. bo3ticus, Reeve, var. ...... 26

Albospira (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p.

480, pi. xlviii, f . 4 59

Algoensis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, . . 69
Altispiratus (Conus), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, pi. 15, f. 4,

p. 146, . . 66

Alveolus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 11.

= C. nisus, Chemn. . . - 59

Amabilis (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 503.

= C. pertusus, Hwass, ....... 54

Amadis (Conus) Martini. Conch. Cab., ii, p. 290, pi. 58, f.

642, 643, 30, 31

Amadis (Conus), Sowb., var. Thes. Conch., t. 8, f. 171.

= C, schech., Jeck.
Amazonicus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Gruerin's Mag., 203,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Ambiguus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, 13
Ammiralis (Conus) Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel. Ed.), p. 3378, 29
Anabathrum, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 9, f. 4, 1865, . 33
Anaglypticus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1 865, p. 314,

pi. 11, f. 8-8 a. =? C. verrucosus, Hwass, . . 78

Anceps (Conus), A. J\.d. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119.

= C. consors, Sowb. ........ 52

Andamanensis (Conus), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p.

804, pi. 50, f. 1-1 a, .

Anemone (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 479, . . 69
Angasi (Conus), Tryon, ....... 62

Angulatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118.

= C. regularis, Sowb 37

Aplustre (Conus), Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171, . 67
Arachnoideus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3388 (part).

= C. araneosus, Hwass, . . . . . .8

Araneosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth.Ver.,i, pi. 2, p. 612, 8
Arausiensis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cat.

= C. daucus, Hwass.
Archetypus (Conus ^ Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 10,

f. 7, p. 313. = C. daucus, Hwass, . . 48

Archiepiscopus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Method, vers., i, pt.

2, p. 747, = C. textile, Linn., var 90

Archithalassus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 374.

= C. ammiralis, Linn., var. . . . . . .29

Archon (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool, Soc., 1833, p. 54, . 27

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 97

Arcuatus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, p.

379, . . 75, 63

Arcuatus (Conus) Gray. Zool. Beechey. Toy., p. 119.

= C. emarginatus, Reeve.
Ardisiacus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv.,p. 316, pi. 108, f. 1.

? =^ C. anemone, Lam .70

Arenatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. ver., i, pt. 2, p. 621, 18
Aristophanes (Conus), Duclos. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 63,

f. 81, 82. = C. miliaris, Hwass, var 22

Armiger (Conus;, Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 205, 1858, . . 75
Armillatus (Conus), C. B. Ad. Contr. to Conch., p. 59.

= C. Proteus, Hwass, ....... 12

Articulatus (Conus) Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, pi. 15, f. 3,

p. 145, .... . . 33

Artoptus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 35.

= C. tenellus, Chem., Sow. Thes. Index, . . .81

Asper (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 467.

= C. sulcatus, Hwass.
Aspersus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 16.

= C. testudinarius, Martini. ...... 65

Assimilis (Conus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 118, 1853.

= C. magus, Linn. . 53, 64

Ateralbus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 313, pi. cviii, f. 4

and 4 a. = C. venulatus, Hwass, . . . . .14
Atramentosus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vii, f.

265, 85

Attenuatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, 49
Augur (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 685, . 51
Aulicus (Conus;, Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, p. 1171, . 93
Aurantius ( Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 606, 25
Auratus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 516.

= C. aulicus, Linn. ........ 93

Aureolus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 395.

Aureus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 742, . 88

Auricomus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 742, t. 346, f. 3.

= C. clavus, Linn.
Auricomus (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 167.

= C. aureus, Hwass.

Aurisiacus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1170, . . 82, 83
Aurora (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 500.

= C. rosaceus, Chemn .56

Australis (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, pi. 183, f. 1774, 1775. 73

Baccatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 753, pi.

Ixxv, f. 5, . 22

Badius (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 89, pi. xxxiii, f. 3.

= C nemocanus, Hwass, . . . . . . .39

7

98 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Baltcattis (Co^us), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 58, ... 21
Balteus (Conus), Mawe. Wood, Index Test. Suppl., t. 3, f.

5, 1856. = C. cuneolus, Reeve, . . . . .55
Bandanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., i, pt. 2, p. 611.

= C. marmorens, Linn., var 8

Barbadensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

632. ? = C. miliaris, Hwass, var. abbreviatus, . . 22
Barbadensis (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Icon., f. 47.

= C. nebulosus, Solander, , 28

Barthelemyi (Conus), Bernard!. J. de Conch., 1861, p. 285 ;

1862, p. 46, pi. i, f. 12. = C. aurisaicus, Linn. . . 83
Bayani (Conus), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool., xxiii (2), p. 200,

1872, pi. xviii, f. 1, . . .35

Baylei (Conus), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool., xxiii (2), p. 198,

pi. xviii, f. 2, 1872, .11

Bernardi (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., p. 220, pi. 100, f. 2.

= C. cinereus, Hwass, var 58

Betulinus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin), p. 3383, . 16
Bicolor (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 18.

= C. Proteus, Hwass, 12

Bifasciatus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3392.

= C. centurio, Born.

Bifasciatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 186, f. 302, . 32
Biliosus (Conus), Bolt. Crosse, Mag. Zool., 205, 1858.

= C. piperatus, Reeve.
Blainvillii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 358, pi. cxi, f. 1.

= C. classiarius, Hwass, 41

Blainvillei (Conus), Yign. Desc. *= C. ammiralis, Linn.
Blanfordianus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1867, pi.

2, f. l,p. 66. = C. nisus, Chemn. . . . . .69

Bocki (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 636, pi. Ivi,

f. 7. = C. sulcatus, Hwass, var 74

Bceticus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174, . 26
Boivinii (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 64, . . .86
Borbonicus (Conus), H. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p.

288, pi. xxvii,f. 1, . .67

Borneensis (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Sam., p. 18,

pi. v, f. 8, ' . .77

Borneensis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 439, f. 648.

= C magus, Linn. ... .... 53

Brazieri (Conus), Sowb. Jour, of Conch., iii, 1881, p. 234,

pi. l,f. 9, . . 81

Breviusculus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Illust., f. 55, list.

= C. Proteus, Hwass, 12

Broderipi (Conus), Kien. (non Reeve). Icon., t. 71, f. 2.

— C. rosaceus, Chemn. ....... 56

Broderipii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179. 57

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 99

Bruguieri (Conus), Kiener. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, . 66
Brunneus (Conus), Gray. Wood's Index Test. Suppl., t. 3,

f. 1, . . . . 28

Bulbus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171.

= C. Africanus, Kiener, var. . . . . . .84

Bullatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1172, . . 87
Bullatus var. (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 24.

= C. cervus, Lam. . . . . . . . .87

Buxeus (Conus), Link. Mus. Rostock, Crosse, Rev. Zool.,

205, 1858. = C. quercinus, Hwass.
Buxeus (Conus), Reeve. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1843, p. 180.

= C. lignaris, Reeve, var. furvus.

Cabriti (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 377, pi. xiii,

f. 2. = C. anemone, Lam.

Caffer (Conus i, Krauss. Siidafr. Moll., 131, t. 6, f. 24, . 68
Cailliaudi (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 55, f. 5, . . 80
Caledonicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

634, . 79

Californicus (Conus), Hinds. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, . . 17
Canaliculatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., ii, pi. 181, f. 1748,

1749. = C. Malaccanus, Hwass.

Cancellatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 500, . 74
Candidus (Conus), Born. Index Test. Mus. Caes.

= C. marmoreus, Linn.
Candidus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 214, pi. xcvii, f. 1.

= C. Pealii, Green, ... . 3d

Canonicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 749.

= C. textile, Linn., var 90

Capitaneus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, figs. 1764,

1765. = C. rattus, Hwass.

Capitaneus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm. Ed.), p. 3376. 40
Capitaneus senex (Conus), Chem. Conch. Cab., xi, t. 183,

f. 1786, 1787. == C. classiaiius, Hwass.
Carnalis (Conus), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1878, p. 796, pi.

xlviii, f. 2, 77

Cardinalis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 632, 27
Carinatus (Conus), Swains. Zool. 111., 1st ser., pi. 112.

= C. consors, Sowb. ........ 52

Carmeli (Conus), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876,

p. 134, 94

Carpenter! (Conus), Crosse. J. de Conch., 1865, pi. 9, f. 1.

= C. vitulinus, Hwass., var. ...... 51

Castaneus (Conus), Kien. Coq. Yiv., pi. civ, f. 3, p. 209.

= C. Archon., Brod., var. .27

Cassis (Conus), Meusch. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858.

= C^ acuminatus, Hwass.

100 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Castrensis (Conns), Gould. Cover Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., iv,
No. 1, Jan., 1842; Pro. Bost. Soc. N. H,, i, p. 138, 1843.

= C. thalassiarchus. Gray, '. . . . . .30

Castus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, . 66
Catenatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 796,

. pi. xlviii, f. 3, 63

Catus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 707, . 63
Catus (Conus), Issel (non Brug.) Mai. Mar Rosso, p.

142. = Yar. nigropunctatus, Sowb.
Cecilei (Conus), Kien. Coq. Viv., pi. xcviii, f. 4, and pi,

cvii, f. 3. =5 C. lignarius, Reeve, var. . . . .51
Cecilise (Conus), Chemn. Crosse, Jour, Conch., t. vii, pi.

14, f. 5, p. 381, 1859. = C. capitaneus, Linn., var. . . 41
Cedo-nulli (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 602, t. 316, f. 1-9.

= C. nebulosus, Hwass. . . . . . . .28

Centurio (Conus), Born. Mus., pi. 7, f. 10, . . .33

Cerinus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. iii, f. 283, . 70
Cernicus (Conus), H.Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 272,

pi. xix, f. 1. = Yar. C. balteatus, Sowb. . . .21

Cervus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Yert., vii, p. 510, . . 87
Cervus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 94.

= Yar. Cuvieri, Crosse.
Ceylonensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

636, . . 23

Ceylonicus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., x, 67, pi. 142, f. 1318.

=^ C. obesus, Hwass.
Chaldaeus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. Sowb. Thes. Conch., Index.

= C. vermiculatus, Lam.
Characteristics (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, p. 54, pi. 182,

f. 1760, 1761, . . . . . . . . .13

Chelyconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 69, 1852.

= S. G. Leptoconus, H. and A. Adams.
Chemnitzii (Conus), Dill. Desc. Cat.

= C. capitaneus, var. Linn. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 1858, 203.
Chenui (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 120, 1858, Jour. Conch.,

vi, p. 381, pi. xi, f. 3, 4, 1858, . . 50

Chessoideus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Chytreus (Conus), Melvill 17

Cibieli (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 242, pi. cvii, f. 2, . 46
Cidaris (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 57, pi. Ixiii, f. 1 and 1 a.

= C. Magellanicus, Hwass., var. .... . 27

Cinctus (Conus), Swain. Zool. Illust., i ser., ii, t. 110.

= pulchellus, Swain. 49

Cinctus (Conus), Yal. Humboldt, Recueil d'Orbs., ii, 337. 94
Cinereus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. rers., i, pt. 2, p. 673. 58

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 101

Cinereus (Conus), Poll. Test. Sicil.,iii, t. 45, f. 7.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Cinereus (Conus), var. Sowb. 111. Conch., f. 43.

= C. nisus, Chemn.
Cingulum (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 33T8.

? = C. quercinus, Brug.

Gingulatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans. Yert., vii, p. 482, . 76
Cingulatns (Conus), Reeve. Icon., f. 158.

= C. undatus, Kiener, ....... 76

Cingulatus (Conus), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 34, Conch.

111., 108. = C. rhododendron, Couth 86

Circse (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1778, 1779.

= C. magus, Linn. . . . . . . .53

Circumcisus (Conns), Born. Test, Mus. Cses., 163, 1780, . 81
Circumsignatus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, p.

Sll,pLl6,'C 4, 50

Citrinus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3389.

= C. livid us, Hwass, ....... 45

Citrinus (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 78, f. 4.

= C. raustellinus, Hwass, 41

Citrinus Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 248, pi. 59, f. 6, . 5T
Clandestinus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, f. 1296.

C. magus, Linn. ........ 53

Clarus (Conus), Smith. Ann. Mag., N. H., 1881, viii, 442, . 14
Classiarius (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

705, 41

Classiarius (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 63, f. 3.

= C. capitaneus, Linn., var. ...... 41

Clavus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3390, . . 81
Clerii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175, . 37
Clodianus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Cocceus (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 107, f. 1.

= C. nisus, Chemn., var. ....... 59

Cocceus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174, . 7Q
Coccineus (Conus), GmeL Syst. Nat., 3390, . . . 82

Ccelatus, A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 117, 1853, . 1Q

Coelebs (Conus), Hinds. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1843, p. 256.

= C. terebra. Born, ........ 8Q

Coelinae (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur. 1. gen. Conus, 1, in Rev.

Zool., 1858, pi. 2, f. 1, p. 117, . . .43

Coerulescens (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi} f. 1762-3.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, var. . . . . .66

Coarulescens (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Yert., xii, 501.

= C. cinereus, Hwass.

Coffea (Conus), Gmelin. $yst. Nat., 338§, .... 42
Collisus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Supp., 2, pi. viii, f. 273, 57

102 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Colubrinus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 517.

= C. omaria, Hwass, var. ...... 93

Colubrinus (Conus), Reeve. Icon., f. 123.

= C. rubiginosus, Hwass.

Columba (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 709. 62
Columba. var. c. (Conus), Lam. Enc. Meth., pi. 331, f. 3.

= C. radiatus, Gmel., var. parius.

Commodus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117, 76
Complanatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 441, f. 650, 651.

= C. textile, Linn., var. ....... 91

Compressus (Conus) Sowb. Thes. Conch., Suppl., 404, f.

602-603. = C. anemone, Lam .70

Comptus (Conus), Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119.

= C. castus, Reeve.
Comptus (Conus), Old. Mex. and Cal. Shells, 14, t. 14, f.

123. = C. purpurascens, Brod. . . . v . .65
Conarius, Dum. Zool. Anal., 166, 1806. = Conus, Linn.
Concatenatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv.,p. 362, pi. 110, f. 1, 91
Concolor (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 59, . . 40

Concinnulus (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur le genre Conus, 23, 85
Concinnus (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= C. concinnulus, Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, p. 205.
Concinnus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 438, f. 646.

= C. sapphirostoma, Weink. ...... 62

Condensus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., Suppl., 417, f. 622.

= C. textile, Linn., var 90

Conella, Swainson, 84

Connectens (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 136.

= C. pulchellus, Swains. . . . . . . .49

Conorbis, Swainson. Malacol., 149, 312, 1840, ... 5
Consanguineus (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1880, p. 478, pi. 48, f. 1, .... . . 52

Censors (Conus), Sow. Conch. 111., p. 42, . . . .52

Conspersus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, 58
Consul (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., xii, 33, t. 1, f 5,

6, 1864. = C. magus, Linn. ... . . 53

Contusus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. ii, f. 276, 60
Conulus, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 145, 1815.

= Conus, Linn.

Conus, Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 712, 1758, ... 7
Convolutus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch , 380, fig. 564, . 89
Cooki (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1870, p. 109, . 84
Corallinus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 246, ph Ixxiii, f. 2, 67
Corbula (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 365, fig. 573.

= C. abbas, Linn., var 92

Cordigera (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Sup., 437, f. 468, pi. 21.

= C, nobilis, Linn. ........ 30

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 103

Coronatus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 143.

= C. miliaris, Hwass, . . . . . • .22
Coronatus (Conus), Reeve. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 263, t. 9,

263 a. = C. papalis, Weink. ...... 78-

Coronaxis, Swainson. Malacol., 147, 311, 1840, . . 19, 25
Corrugatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257,

pi. xxii, f. 7, ... . 78

Cosmographia (Conus), Martin. Univ. Concli., iv, pi. 125.

E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 506.

= C. monachus, Linn.
Costatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., ii, t. 181, f. 1745 and

1747. = C. sulcatus, Hwass.
Couderti (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. 8, pi. 4, f.

314, 1860, .... ... .24

Coxeni (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, p. 34, pi.

iv, f. 10, 30

Crassus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 203, fs. 254, 255.

== C. tessellatus, Born, var. . . . . . .11

Crebrisulcatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 173, fig. 321, 83
Crenulatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 355, pi. cix, f. 1.

= C. armiger, Crosse, 75

Crepusculum (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178.

= C. lividus, Hwass, var. ...... 45

Cretaceus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. xcix, f. 1.

= C. verrucosus, Hwass, 78

Creteus ( Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Crocatus (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Yert., vii, p. 503, . 92
Crosseanus (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., 1861, p. 168,

pi. vi, f. 3 and 4. Jour. Conch., 336, 1874. Jour. Conch.,

168, t. 3, f. 3, 1878. = C. marmoreus, Linn., var. . . 8
Crotchii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. vi, f. 254, 15
CryptoconUs, Koenen, 1867. = Conorbis, Swains.
Cucullus, Bolt. Mus., 1798. = Conus, Linn.
Cumingii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. viii, f. 277.

= C. virgatus, Reeve, var. ...... 35

Cumingii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Supp., pi. iii, f. 282.

?== C. vittatus, Lam .43

Cuneatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, pi. 15, f.

5, p. 146. = C. acuminatus, Hwass, var. . . .31

Cuneiformis (Conus), Smith. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, p. 202,

1876, 13

Cuneolus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. 3ool. Soc., 1813, p. 173, . 55
Cuvieri (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur le genre Cone, 12.

= C. cervus, Lam., var. ....... 87

Cyanostoma (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 116, 14
Cylinder, Montfort, Conch. Syst. ii, 390, 1810, . . . 88

104 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Cvlindraceus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, p.

"51, t. 40, f. 5, 83

Cylindrella, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840, . . .71

Dactylosus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. xcvii, f. 2.

= C. clavus, Linn., var. ....... 81

Dalli (Conus), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., v, p. 78, pi.

l,f- 1, 91

Danielli (Conus), Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 205, 1858.

= C. pictus, Reeve, 68

Daphne (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 1864, pi. i, f. 7-8.

= C. conspersus, Reeve, var. ...... 58

Daucus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 651, . 48
Daullei (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, pi. 2, f. 2, p. 119.

= C. consors> Sowb. ....... 52

Dealbatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117.

= C. Californicus, Hinds, .18

Deburghiae (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 7, f. 6, 7.

= C. nocturnus, Hwass, var. ...... 8

Decrepitus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 265, pi. xcix, f. 4.

= C. cocceus, Reeve, ....... 70

Delessertianus (Conus), Recluz. Mag. de Zool., 1843, pi. 72, 33
Dendroconus, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840, . . .16
Deshayesii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 168.

= C cervus, Lam., var. ....... 87

Desidiosus, (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119.

= C. mercator, Linn., var. . . . . ' . .55

Diadema (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 19.

= C. brunneus, Gray, 28

Dianthus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 118, pi.

T,f.4, .... 27

"Dibaphus, Philippi. = Mitridae, Manual, iv, p. 109.
Dilectus (Conus), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., iii, p.

172 ; Moll. Wilkes Exped., 287, f. 367, .... 67
Dilwynii (Conus), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 1843.

== C. Erythraeensis, Beck.
Discrepans (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 28.

= C. rhododendron, Couth 86

Dispar (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 57.

= C. regularis, Sowb. ....... 37

Distans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 634, 47
Dolium (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 1864, 36, pi. i,

f. 3-4. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. . . . . .57

D'Orbignyi (Conus), Audouin, . . . . .75, 77

Duplicatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Index.

= C. Australis, Chemn.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 105

Dupontii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. Ixi, f. 2.

= C. Africanus, Kiener, var. . . . . .84

Du Saveli (Conus), H. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, pi. 3, f.

17, p. 12. = C. circumcisus, Born, var. . . .87

Duvali (Conus), Born. Jour, de Conch., 1862, pi. 13, f. 3, p.

404. = C. pygmaeus, Reeve, ...... 62

Dux (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pi. 2, p. 732.

= C. circumcisus, Born, 81

Eburneus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pi. 2, p. 640, 11
Echinulatns (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. cv, f. 2.

= C. verrucosus, Hwass, ...... 78

Edentulus (Conus), Reeve.

= Dibaphus Philippii. Crosse, vol. iv, p. 109.
Elisse (Conus), Kiener. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 44, f. 1-la, . 92

Elisae (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 3306.

= C. pennaceus, Born.
Elongatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, t, 144, fig. a, f.

J. K 68

Elongatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170.

= C. oblitus, Reeve, ..'..... 46

Elventinus (Conus), Duel. Mag. de Zool., 1833, pi. 19.

? = C. verrucosus, Hwass, ...... 78

Emaciatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. v, f. 248, 44
Emargiriatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . 37
Encaustus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 54, pi. xiv, f. 2, . 21
Epaphus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Epaticus (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Episcopus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 748.

= C. omaria, Hwass, 93

Epistomioides (Conus), Weink. Chemn., Ed. Nouv., pi. 57,

f. 6, 7. = C. magus, Linn., var. . . • . . 54
Epistomium (Conus), Meusch. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858.

= C. vexillum, Gmel.
Epistomium (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174.

= C. magus, Linn., var. ...... 53

Eques (Conus), Brug. Diet., 97. = C. catus, Hwass, . 63
Ermineus (Conus), Born. Index Mus. COBS.

= C. lithoglyphus, Meusch.
Erosus (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Erythrseensis (Conus), Beck. Lam., Edit, ii, xi, 141, . 62'

Eudoxus (Conus), Melvill. = C. marchionatus, Hinds, var. 10
Euetrios (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 120, pi.

v, f. 6. = C. textile, var., Linn 90

106 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Evelynae (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 117,

pi. v, f. 2, .46

Exaratus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171, . 74
Excavatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., 411, f. 616.

= C. coffea, Gm 42

Exiguus (Conus), Lam. Ann. Mus., No. 43.

? = C. varius, L., young.
Eximius (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vi, f. 256.

= C. fulgurans, Hwass (juv.), . . ... 32

Fabula (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 5.

= C. scabriusculus, Chemn. . . . . . .80

Fasciatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119.

= C. bifasciatus, Sow .32

Fasciatus (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., p. 311, pi. cix, f. 2.

= C. lignarius, var. ........ 51

Fasciatus (Conus), Mart. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 20, f. 487-

489. = C. ochroleucus, Gmelin.
Fenellus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1782, 1783.

= C. magus, Linn. . , 53

Fenestrata (Oliva), Martyn. Univ. Conch.

= C. (Conus) tendineus, Hwass.
Fergusoni (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, pi. 15, f.

1, p. 145, 15

Ferrugatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 19, 1834.

= C. cingulatus, var., Lam.
Ferruginous (Conus), var., Brug. Reeve, Icon.

= C. planorbis, Born.
Festivus (Conus), Chemn. xi, f. 1770, 1771.

= C. pertusus, Hwass, 54

Figulinus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3384, . . 16
Filamentosus (Conus), Reeve. Conch., Ic., pi. vi, Suppl., f.

260, 82

Flammeus (Conus), Lam. Edit. Desh., xi, 76, . . . 12
Flavescens (Conus), Gray. Sowb., Conch. 111., f. 68, . . 36
Flavidus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 468, . .44
Floccatus (Conus), var. Kiener, t. 106, f. 3.

= C. Julii, Lienard.

Floccatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 112, . . . 86
Floridanus (Conus), Gabb. A. J. C., vol. iv, p. 195, pi. 15,

f. 4, 1868, 38

Floridensis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, pi. 22,

f. 11. == C. Floridanus, Gabb, . . .38

Floridulus (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Sam., p. 18,

pi. 5, f. 9. = C. voluminalis, Hinds, var. . . .35

Floridus (Conns), Sowb. Thes. Conch., Sp. 345, x.

= C. tulipa, Linn , 88

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 107

Fluctifer (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 1, 382.

= C. Prometheus, Hwass.
Fortis (Conus), Renter. Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Franciscanus (Monachus), Chemn. Conch., ii, pi. 142, f.

1319, 1320. = Conus cinereus, Hwass.
Franciscanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

698. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, . . . . 66

Frauenfeldi (Conus), Crosse. Jour.de Conch., 1865, pi. 10,

f. 1, la. = C. magus, Linn., var. . . . . .53

Frigidus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic.,i,Supp.,pl. iii, f. 284, 14
Fucatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. vii, f. 271, 69
Fulgetrum (Conus), Sowb. Conch. III., fig. 32, Proc. Zool.

Soc., 1841. = C. miliaris, Hwass, . . . . .22
Fulgurans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

687, . . ' . .32

Fulmen (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . . 65
Fumigatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pi. 2, p.

704. = C. coftea, Gmel.
Fulmineus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3388.

? = C. fulgurans, Hwass.
Fulvocinctus (Conus), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1872, p. 214;

1873, p. 248, pi. xi, f. 5, 52

Furvus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843.

= C. lignarius, var. . . . . . . . .51

Fuscatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 446.

= C. imperialis, Linn., var. ...... 9

Fusifofmis (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., Edit. Desh., xi,

92, 93

Fusiibrmis (Conus), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 398.

= C. parvus, Pease. A. J. C., iv, p. 126, 1868, . . 85
Fustigatus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., t. 320, f. 1.

= C. pulicarius, Hwass, ....... 19

Fusus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3390.

= C. granulatus, Linn. ....... 82

Gabrieli (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv.,p. 315, pi. Ixxiv, f. 4.

= C. cinereus, Hwass, 58

Geminus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858.

= C. taeniatus, Hwass.
Gemmnlatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257,

pi. xxii, f. 8. = C. Orbignyi, And 75

Generalis (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1166, , . .34
Genuanus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin.), p. 3381, . 15
Geographus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1172, . 88
Geographus, var. (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 26.

= C. violaceus, Reeve.

108 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Gilvus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic: Suppl., pi. vi, f. 255.

= C. caffer, Krauss, ........ 68

Gladiator (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . -3S 2
Glans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 725, . 79
Glaucus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel. Ed.), p. 3382, . 16
Gloria-maris (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 752, t. 347, f. 7. 89
Gloynei (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 637, pi.

Ivi, f. 5, 44

Gosavia, Stoliczka. Sitz. Wien. Ac., Hi, 1865.

= Volutidse, Manual, iv, 78.
Gracilis (Conus), Mawe. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index.

= C. Timorensis, Hwass 75

Gracilis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Index.

= ,C. australis, Chemn.
Gracilis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, p. 125, pi.

xxiv, f. 6. = C. acnleiformis, Reeve.

Gradatulus (Conus\ Weinkauff. Kiister, 356, t. 66, f. 5, 38, 94
Gradatus (Conus), Gray. MSS., Brit. Mus., Sowb., Thes.

Index. = C. scalaris, Yal.
Granarius (Conus), Kien. Coq., viv., p. 215, pi. xcviii, f. 1.

= C. archon, Brod., var 27

Grandis (Conus), Sowb. Index, Thes. Conch.

= C. spurius, Gm.

Granifer (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vii, f. 272, . 74
Granulatus (Conus, Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1270, . 81
Granulosus (Conus), Bolt. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858.

= C. varius, Linn.

Grayi (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, .84
Griseus (Conus », Kien. Coq. viv., p. 114, pi. Ixiii, f. 2.

= C. ambiguus, Reeve, ....... 13

Gross! (Conus), Marav. Atti della Soc. Ital. des Sc. Nat.

= C. Mediterranean, Hwass.
Gruneri (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175.

= C. literatus, Linn. ........ 10

Gubbse (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. civ, f. 1.

= C. radiatus, Gmel., var. . . . . . .60

Gubernator (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

727, pi. 340, f. 4-6, . . .86

Guestieri (Conus), Lorois. Jour. Conch., 1860, t.viii, pi. 12,

f. 5, p. 329, .35

Guinaicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., 1, pt. 2, p. 697, 65
Guttatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 259, pi. cv, f. 4.

= C. Africanus, Kiener, ....... 84

Hamilli (Conus). Crosse. Guerin's Mag. Zool., 205, 1858.
= C. Erythraeensis, Beck.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 109

Hanleyi (Corius\ Sowb. Thes. Conch., 160, figs. 399, 400.

= C. puncticulatus, Hwass, . . . . . .62

Hebraeus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, p. 715, . . 20
Henoquei (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., 1860, viii, pi.

13, f. 4, p. 380. ?. == C. vittatus, var., Orion, . . 43

Hepaticus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 9*7, f. 3, . . 47
Herillus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Hermes, Monttbrt. Conch. Syst., ii, 398, 1810.

= Genus of Conidse, H. and A. Adams, . . . 71, 79
Hieroglyphicus (Conus), Duel. Mag. de Zool., 1833, pi. 23, 85
Hieroglyphicus, var. (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 103,

f. 3. = C. lugubris, Reeve.
Hwassii (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118.

= C. varius, Linn. ........ 25

Hyaena (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 656,

pi. 327, f. 5 and 7, 65

Hyaena (Conus), Reeve. Icon. Suppl., 275.

= C. mutabilis, Chemn. ....... 40

Hyaena (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Conch. Icon., f. 133.

= C. punctatus, Chemn.
Hybridus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 256, pi. Ixxxiii, f. 1.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, ...... 66

Ignobilis (Conus), Oliv. Zool. Adriat., 133.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Imperialis (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm)., p. 3374, . 9

Insequalis (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., vii, f. 270.

= C. corallinus, Kien., var. . . . . . .67

Incariatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174.

= C. coffea, Gm 42

Incurvus (Conus), Kien. Iconog., t. 97, f. 4.

= C. regularis, Brod. 37

Indicus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, f. 1295.

= C. magus, Linn. ........ 53

Induratus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. vii, f. 268.

= C. Erythraeensis, Beck, 62

Inflatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. 71, f. 3.

= C. Lamarcki, Kien. ....... 57

Inflatus (Conns), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 41.

. ?= C. conspersus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 463, 464, . 58

Informis (Conus , Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 431.

? = C. simplex, Sowb. ....... 54

Informis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., pt. ii, p. 699.

Unidentified.
Informis (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Conch. Icon., f. 24.

= C. simplex, Sowb.

110 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Infrenatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl.,pl. Hi, f. 285. 56
Innexus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118.

= C. censors, Sowb. ....... 52

Inquinatus, Reeve. Conch. Ic. SuppL, v, f. 251.

= C. pertusus, Hwass, . . . . . . .54

Inscriptus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171, 61
Insculptus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 99, f. 2.

= C. aculeiformis, Reeve, 75

Insignis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 17.

= C. acuminatus, Hwass. ...... 31

Insularis (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat, 3389, . . 93

Intermedius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 169.

= C. geographus, Linn., var. Mappa, 88

Interruptus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zoo. Jour., iv, p. 379,

1829, 63

Interruptus (Conus), Mawe. Conch., 1828.

== C. varius, Linn 25

lodostoma (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170, 60
Irregularis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 418, 419.

= C. olivaceus, Kien,, var. ...... 56

Istriensis (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Jamaicensis (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., t. 343, f. 7.

? = var. C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, 66

Janus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i,pt. 2, p. 670, pi.

336, f. 5, 6, . . ... 61

Japonicus (Conus), Brug. Encyc. Meth., t. 330, f. 3.

? = C. Largillierti, Kiener.
Japonicus (Conus), Brug. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 110.

= C. Largillierti, Kiener, 36

Jaspideus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 55, f. 2.

= C. pictus, Reeve, ....... 68

Jaspideus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3387, ... 93
Jaspis (Conus), Salis. Reise, 363.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Jickelii (Conus), Weink. Kiister, 206, t. 32, f. 11, 12, . 61
Jukesii ( Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi. ii, fig. 278.

= C. anemone, Lam. 70

Julii (Conus), Lienard. Jour, de Conch., 1870, p. 304 ; 1871,

pi. l,f. 6, 87

Keatii (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 298, fig. 479.

= C. inscriptus, Reeve, ....... 61

Kieneri (Conus), Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858.

= C. cocceus, Reeve.
Kieneri (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. ix, Sup., f. 282, . 71

Kobelti (Conus) Lobbecke. Jahr. Deutsch. Mai.
p. 189, t. 4, f. 4, 5, 1882, .

OF THE
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. V HI

V

Lachrymosus (Conus \ Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., vi, f. 258', 69
Lacinulatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 312, pi. cviii, f. 2.

= C. lithoglyphus, Meusch. . . ... 49

Lacteus (Conus), Lamk. An. sans Vert.,vii, 481.

= C. spectrum, Linn., var.
Lacteus (Conus), Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch , f. 473.

= C. radiatus, Gmel.
Lacteus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843.

= C. spectrum, Linn. . . . . . . .51

Lsetus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3391.

= C. grannlatus, Linn.
Lsevigatus (Conus), pars., Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 207.

= C. vexillum, Gmel. ....... 39

Lsevigatns (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 149, 150.

= C. nemocanus, Hwass, ....... 39

Lsevis (Conus), Crosse. Guerin's Mag. Zool., 205, 1858.

For C. Isevigatus, Sowb., not Defrance (fossil).
Laevis (Conus), Mart. Conch. Cab., ii, t. 52, f. 572.

= C. tendineus, Hwnss.

Lamarckii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 240, pi. Ixxxiii. f. 4, 56
Lamberti (Conns), Sowb. Jour, de Conch., 1877, p. 71, pi.

i, f. 1 and pi. ii, f. 7, ........ 28

Lamellosus (Conus), Brug. Diet., No. 36, . . . .93

Lapidus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab.

= Conus zonatus, Hwass.

Largilliertii (Conus), Kien. Icon. Coq. viv., pi. 98, f. 3, . 36
Laterculatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc^ 1870, p. 255,

pi. xxii, f. 3. = C. australis, Chemn. . . . 73

Latifasciatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 304, fig. 485.

= C. Kieneri, Reeve, . . . . . . .71

Lautus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, . 68
Legatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 523.

= C. canonicus, Hwass, var. ...... 90

Lemniscatus ( Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. v, f. 246, 36
Lentiginosus (Conus), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 1843.

= C. emarginatus, Reeve, var. ...... 37

Leoninus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 683,

pi. 334, f. 5, 6. '= C. Proteus, Hwass, . . 12

Leoninus minutus (Conus), Chemn. Weinkauff, Cat. No.

212. = C. Erythraeensis, Beck.
Leopardus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 364.

= C. Sumatrensis, Hwass.
Leopardus (Conus), Meusch. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index, . 93

112 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Leo scandens (Conus), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 140, f. 1300.

? = C. inscriptus, Reeve.
Leptoconus, Swainson. Malacol, 312, 1840.

=• Genus of Conidse, H. and A. Adams, . . .25, 29
Leucostictus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3388, ... 25
Leucostictus (Conus), Gmelin. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 206,

1858. = C. nebulosus, Sol 28

Lictor (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 1864, 36, pi. i,

figs. 1 and 2. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. . . .51
Lienardi (Conus), Crosse and Berdardi. Jour. Conch., ix,

p. 49, pi. i, f. 2, 1861,. .... 60

Lignarius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . . SS5
Lineatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, pi. 138, f. 1285, 50
Lineolatus (Conus), Valen. Voy. Humboldt, Zool., 337.

= C. princeps, Linn. ....... 29

Liratus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181.

= C. plumbeus, Reeve, . . . . . . .26

Lischkeanus(Conus),Weink. Chemn. Ed. Nouv.,pl.36,f. 2,3, 41
Listeri (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Literatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3375, . . 10
Lithoconus, Morch. Yoldi, Cat., 66, 1853, ... 10, 43
Lithoglyphus (Conus), Meuschen. Enc. Meth. ver., i, p. 2,

p. 692, 48

Lividus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, 60, t. 183, f. 1776,

1777. = C. cinereus, Hwass.

Lividus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 630, . 45
Lividus (Conus), var. Sowb. Reeve, Icon., sp. 286.

= C. mus, Hwass, var. roseus.
Lizardensis (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 9,

f. 5. = C. Bofneensis, Ad. and Reeve, . . . .18
Loebbeckeanus (Conus), Weink. Chemn. Ed. Nouv., pi. 36,

f. 3, 4. = C. Chenui, Crosse, 50

Lombei (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 637, pi.

Ivi, f. 6, ....... 44

Longurionis (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., p. 308, pi. xcii, f. 6.

= C. aculeiformis, Reeve, ....... 75

Lorenzianus (Conus), Chemnitz. Conch. Cab., f. 1754, 1755 ;

Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 430, . . ... 35

Lorenzianus (Conus), Chemn. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f.

217. = C. flammeus, Lam 12, 94

Lorenzianus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 152.

= C. virgatus, Reeve, 35

Loroisi (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 91, pi. Ixv, f. 1.

= C. figulinus, Linn., var. . . . . . .16

Loveni (Conus), Krauss. Siidafrikan. Moll., p. 131, t. vi,

f. 25. = C. Lamarcki, Kien '56

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 113

Lubeckianus (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. ix, p. 169.

= C. Magellanicus, Hwass, var. . . . . .27

Lucidus (Conus), Mawe. Conch., 90, 91

Luctiferus (Conus), Reeve. Weinkauff, Cat. No. 88.

= C. luctificus, Reeve, ....... 31

Luctificus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Supp., pi. ii, f. 280, 31
Lugubris (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Supp., pi. ix, f. 279, 85
Luridus (Conns), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118.

=^ C. olivaceus, Kiener, ....... 56

Luteus (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . .79
Luteus (Conus), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 53, f. 23, 24, . 94
Luzonicus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 91.

= C. purpurascens, Brod. ....... 65

Lynceus (Conus), Solander. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 469.

= C. nisus, Chemn.

Macarae (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. vi, pi. ii, f. 2,

p. 56, 1857, .... .34

Macei (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 10, f. 5, 61
Macleayanus (Conus), F. Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,

1876, p. 134. = C. rutilus, Menke, . . . 24

Maculatus (Conus), Sowb. Weinkauff, Cat. No. 245.

= C. anemone, Lam. ....... 70

Maculiferus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 23, ... 21
Maculosus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 3.

= C. anemone, Lam.
Madagascariensis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., fig. 582,

No. 371. = C. textile, Linn., var 90

Madurensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

709, . . 66

Magdalsenae (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv.,293, t. 169, f. 4.

= C. floccatus, Sowb. ....... 87

Magellanicus (Conus), Hwass. Brug., Enc. Meth., Conus,

No. 31, pi. 322, f. 3, . . 26

Magnificus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843.

= C. omaria, Hwass. ....... 93

Magus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1171, . . .53

Mahogani (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 169.

= &. interruptus, Brod. . . . . . . . 63

Malaccanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

645, pi. 325, . 33

Maldivus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 644, 34
Maltzanianus (Conus), Weink. Chemn., Ed. Nouv., pi. 32,

f. 3-6. = C. flavidus, Lam. . .... 44

Mamillaris (Conus), Green. Trans. Albany Inst., i, p. 123,

pi. 3, f. 5-6, . . 94

8

114 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Mappa (Conns), Crosse. Guerin's Mag. Zool., 205, 1858.

= C. geographus, Linn., var. ...... 88

Marchionatus (Conns), Hinds. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1843, p. 256, 9
Marmorata (Papyrus), Chemn. Reeve, Icon. Conus, f. 58.

= Conns varius, Linn.

Marmoreus (Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin), 3374, . 1
Martinianns (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, No. 217.

= C. radiatus, Gm. ...... % 60

Masoni (Conus), G. and H. Nevill. Jonr. As. Soc. Beng.*

(N.S.),xliii, pt. 2, p. 22, 1874.

? = C. characteristicus, Chemn. ... .13

Mauritianus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., pi. 330, f. 9.

= C. puncticulatns, Hwass.
Mauritianus (Conus), Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 69, f. 2.

? = C. puncticulatus, Hwass.

Maurus (Conus), Gray. App. King's Australia, 486, 1827, 94
Mazei (Conus), Desh. Jonr. Conch., 1874, p. 54, pi. 1, f. 1, 39
Mediterraneus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2,

p. 701, . . . .66

Melvilli (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc,, 1878, p. 795, pi.

xlviii,f. 1, 71

Melancholicus (Conus), Lam. An- s.Yert., vii, p. 513, . 86
Memnonitarum coronatus (Conus) Chemn. Conch. Cab.

= C. distans, Hwass.

Mercator (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1169, . 55

Mesokatharos, Melvill. = C. arenatus, var. . . .18
Metcalfei (Conus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 173,

pi, xxvi, f. 13. = C. Angasi, Try on, . . . .63
Metcalfei (Conus >, Reeve. Proc. Zopl. Soc., 1843, p. 171.

=== C. magus, Linn., var. 53

Mighelsi (Conns), Kien. Icon. Coq. viv., pi. ciii, f. 1.

= C. musicus, Hwass, .... 11

Miles (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat, p. 1167, ... 40

Miliaris (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 629, 21
Millepunctatus (Conns), Chemn. Crosse, Mag. Zool., 205,

1858. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass.
Millepunetatus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 461.

= C. literatus. Linn., var. 10

Mindanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p. 711.

= C. verrucosus, Hwass, ....... 78

Minimus (Conus , Auct., not Linn. = C. miliaris, Hwass, 22
Minimus (Conns), Gm. (non Linn.). Syst. Nat., p. 3382.

= C. achatinus, Chemn.

Minutus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, . 37
Mirmillo (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 9,f. 2.

= C. flavidus, Lam 44

Miser (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., xii, 39, t. l,f. 9, 1864, 55

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 115

Mitratus (Conns), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p. 632, 83
Modestus (Conns ), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 19.

= C. fulmen, Jleeve, . . . . . . . . £5

Molluccensis (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, pi. 183, f. 1780,

1181, .... 26

Monachus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat , ii, p. 1168, . . 64
Monile (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 646, . 34
Monilifer (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 53, 1833.

= C. interruptus, Brod 63

Monstrosus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., 1290, 1291.

= C. araneosus, Hwass, Monstr.
Moreleti (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 205, 1858.

= C. oblitus, Reeve, . 46

Moussoni (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xiii, 1865, p.

299, pi. x, f. 3, . . 46

Mozambicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

696. = C elongata, Chemn 68

Mucronatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 172, 12
Multicatenatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p.

519, pi. xxxii, f. 10, 11. = C. aplustre, Reeve, . . 68
Multilineatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, p. 126,

pi. xxiv, f. 5, 52

Muriculatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 1, . .26

Mus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 630, . 19
Muscosus (Conus), Lam. Edit. Desh., xi, 79.

= C. characteristicus, Chemn. ...... 13

Musicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 629, 11
Musivus (Conus), Brod. Zool. Proc., No. 54, 1833.

= C. legatus, Lam.
Mustelinus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

654, pi. 327, f. 6. = C. capitaneus, var. Hwass, . 40

Mutabilis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, p. 52, pi. 182,

f. 175S, 1759, . .40

Nanus (Conus), Brod, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 53.

= C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var. ...... 24

Narcissus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 492, . . 48
Natalis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 267, figs. 292, 293, . 55
Nebulosus (Conus), Solander. Brug., Enc. Meth. vers., ii,

pt. i, p. 607, . . .28

Neglectus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117.

= C. purpurascens, Brod. ....... 64

Neglectus (Conus), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 398;

Am. Jour. Conch., v. 87. = C. Peasei, Brazier, . . 44
Nemocanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

712. = C. Sumatrensis, Hwass, var, . . . .39

116 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Neptunoides (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880,

p, 479, pi. xlviii, f. 2, 72

Neptunus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 133, t. 99, f. 5.

= C. Schech, Jick., Jahr. Mai. Ges., 2, p. 46, . . . 31
Neptunus (Conns), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 13, . 72
Nicobaricus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pt. 2, p.

612. = C. araneosus, Hwass, var. ..... 9

Niger (Conus), Jay. Catalogue 100, 1839, . , . .93
Nigrescens (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., Suppl., 413, f. 618 ;

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 429, pi. xlix, fig. 2.

= C. marmoreus, Linn.
Nigropunctatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 333, f. 342.

= C. catus. Hwass, var 64

Nimbosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 732, 82
Nisus (Conus), Chenm. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1784, 5, . .59
Nisus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 59, f. 4 (notChemn.).

= C. Kieneri, Reeve,

Nitidus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, . 67
Niveus (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3392.

= C. marmoreus, Linn.
Nivifer (Conus), Brod. Zool. Proc., 1833.

= C. venulatus, Hwass, var. . . . . . .15

Nivosus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., xi, 73.

= C. venulatus, Hwass, 14

Nobilis ( Conus), Linn. (Gmelin) Syst. Nat., 3381, . . 30
Nocturnus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 611, 8
Noditerus (Conns), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 228, pi. c, f. 4.

= C. verrucosus, Hwnss, 78

Nodulosus (Conus ', Sowb. Thes. Conch. Supp., 429, f. 635, 31
Noumeensis, var. (Conus), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1872, p. 155.

= C. suffusus, var., Sowb. . . . . .29

Novse-Hollandise (Conns), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853,

p. 119. = C. anemone, Lam. 70

Nubecula (Conus;, Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3396. Unrecognized.
Nubecula, Klein. Ostrac., 76, 1753, ... .85

Nucleus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, pi. iii, Supp.,f. 280, 79
Nussatella (Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1170, . . .80
Nux (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= C. Ceylonensis, Hwass. ...... 23

Obesus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth vers., i, pt. 2, p. 623, 18

Oblitus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Crit. Anal., 1749, 45
Obscurus (Conus), Humph. Mss. Reeve, Icon, sp., 82.

= C. violaceus, Reeve, ....... 88

Obtusus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 317, pi. cix, f. 3.

= C. Africanus, Kiener, 84

Ocellatus (Conns), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3387, ... 94

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 117

Ochraceus (Conus), Gmelin. Weinkauff, Cat. Conus, No.

203. = C. ochroleucus, Gmelin.
Ochraceus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., Edit. Desh., xi, 67.

= C. Proteus (discolored), Hwass, . . . .12

Ochroleucus (Cocus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3391, . . 60
Oculatus (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3387, . . . .48
Olivaceus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 359, pi. cxi, f. 3.

= C. Taslei, Kien 55

Olivaceus (Conus), Salis. Reise, 863.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Oltmansianus (Conus), Van Lennep. Cat. Conus, 1876.

= C. gradatulus, Weinkauff.
Omaicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 714,

pi. 339, f. 3, . . 16

Omaria (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 743, 92
Optabilis (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 116, 38
Orbignyi (Conus), Audouin. Mag. de Zool., Moll., pi. 20,

1830; 75, 77

Orbitatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170.

= C. mucronatus, Reeve, var. ...... 73

Orion (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= C. vittatus, Lam., var 43

Orleanus (Conus), Bolt. Mus.

= C. lithoglyphus, Meusch.

Pagodus (Conus), Chemn. Le9ons Elem., pi. 12, f. 2.

= C. cancellatus, Lam.
Pallens (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Panniculus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert, vii, p. 521.

= C. abbas, Hwass, 92

Papalis (Conus), Weink. Cat. No. 280, . . .78

Papilionaceus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2,

p. 665. = C. Proteus, Hwass, var. . . . . .12

Papillaris (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Yoy. of Samarang.,

Moll., p. 17, pi. v., f. 7 a-b, . 38

Papillosus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 72, f. 4.

= C. puncticulatus, Hwass, 62

Parius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175.

= C. radiatus, Gmel., var. ...... 60

Parvus (Conus), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 126, 1868.

= C. atramentosus. Reeve, 85

Pastinaca (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., pi. 26, f. 2 (non

(Lain A = C. daucus, Hwass, . ... 48

Pastinaca (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 469 ; E. A.

Smith, Zool. Proc., 731, 1878. ? = C. virgo, Linn. . 34

118 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Patricius (Conus), Hinds. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1843, p. 256.

= C. pyriformis, Reeve, . . . . . . .It

Paulinas (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 314, pi. cviii, f. 3.

= C. characteristicus, Chemii 13

Pauluccise (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 752,

pi. Ixxv, f. 3, 89

JPaupercnlns (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 78, . . 68

'Pazii (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. vi, pi. ii, f. 1-2.

p. 385. = C. classiarius, Hwass, var. . . . .42
Pealii (Conus), Green. Trans. Alb. Inst.,i,p. 123, pi. 3, f. 3, 36
Peasei (Conus), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, 288.

= C. flavidus, Lam., var 44

Pelagicus (Conus), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 289, t. 2, f. 9.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Pellis-hysena (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab , xi, p. 49, pi.

181, f. 1750, 1751. = C. mutabilis, Chemn.
Pellis-hysena (Conus), Reeve (not Chemnitz). Icon. Sp.,

133. = C. punctatus, Chemn.

Pennaceus (Conus), Born. Test. Mus. Caes., t. 7, f. 14, . 93
Peplum (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 1. 144 c.

= C. araneosus, Hwass, . . . . . . .8

Perplexus ( Conus >, Sowb. Thes. Conch., 157, figs. 324, 325.

= C. puncticulatus, Hwass, . . . . 62

Pertusus ( Conus\ Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

686, pi. 336, f. 2. . 54

Petrseus (Ammiralis), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 140, f. 1298.

= Conus lithoglyphus, Meuschen.
Phasmoconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 70, 1852.

= Chelyconus, Morch, . • . . -52

Phegeus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Philippi (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 213, pi. xcviii, f. 2.

— C. tornatus, Brod. ..... . 63

Philippii (Dibaphus •, Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, pi. 3, f. 1.

= Mitridaa, vol. iv.
Pica (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Mol. Toy. Sam., p. 18, pi.

5, f. 10. = C. spectrum, Linn. 57

Pictus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 169, . 68
Pigmentatus (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samar.,

p. 18, pi. 5, f. 11. ' = C. balteatus, Sow. . 21

Pionoconus, Morch. H. and A. Adams, Genera.

= Chelyconus, Morch, ..... .52

Piperatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175.

= C. Erythraaensis, Beck. ...... 62

Planaxis (Conus), Desh. Moll. He Reunion, p. 134, pi. xiii,

f. 11,12, . 10

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 119

Planicostatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., 1840.

= C. Orbignyi. And 75

Planiliratus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 255,

pi. xxii, f. 1, 713

Planorbis (Conns), Born. Test. Mus. Caes., t. 7, f. 13, . 50
Plumbeus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178, 26
Politus (Conus), Bolten. Weinkauff, Conch. Cab., t. 64,

f. 2, 3. = C. cinereus, Hwass, var. . . . .59

Polyglotta (Conus), A. Ad. (ubi?). Weinkauff, Cat. 13.

= C. eburneus, Hwass, 11

Polyzonias (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3392.

= C. planorbis, Born.
Ponderosus (Conus), Beck. Sowb., Thes. Index.

= C. quercinus, Hwass, ..... .17

Pontificalis (Conus), Lain. An. s. Vert, vii, p. 459, 24, 78

Portoricanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2,

p. 714. = C. testudinarius, Mart. . . . . .65

Prsecellens (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119.

= C. cancellatus, Lam 75

Prsefectus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 752.

= C. ochroleucus, Gmelin.
Prsefectus (Vigiliarum), Mart. Conch., ii, pi. 59, f. 655.

= Conus centurio, Born.
Pnelatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 746.

= C. omaria, Hwass, ....... 93

Praetextus ( Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi. ii, f. 277.

= C. encaustus, Kien. . . . . . . .21

Pretiosus (Conns), Gr. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.

(U. S.), xliii, pt. 2, p. 22, 71

Prevosti (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 636, pi.

Ivi, f. 3, 91

Primula (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., vi, f. 259, . 46

Princeps (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1167, . . .29
Proarchithalassus (Conus), Born. Test. Mus. Cses.

= C. marmoreus, var. bandanas, Hwass.
Proarchithalassus (Conus), Morch. Sowb., Thes. Conch.

Index. = C. prgelatus, Hwass.
Prometheus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

667, 15

Proteus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 682, 12
Proximus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 429,

pi. xlix, f. 1. = C. Moluccensis, Chemn. . . .26

Pryntanis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 117,

pi. v, f. 1, . . . 46

Pseudomarmoreus (Conus), Desh. Jour. Conch., 1875, p.

223, pi. ix. f. 4. = C. marmoreus, Linn., var. ... 8

120 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Pseudo-Thomae (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 25, f.

1282, 1283. = C. Proteus, Hwass.
Pulchellus (Conus), Sowb. (not Swain.). Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1834. = C. varius, Linn 25

Pulchellus (Conus), Swains. Zool. 111., 1st ser., ii, pi. 65, . 49
Pulcher (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117, . 74
Pulicarius (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i,pt. 2, p. 622, 19
Punctatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, p. 36, pi. 139,

f. 1294, . .20

Puncticulis, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840.

= S. G. Conus, L., H. and A. Adams, . . . .18
Puncticulatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2,

p. 704, .62

Puncturatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

635, 83

Pupaeformis (Conus), var. C. mitraeformis, Sowb. Proc. Zool.

Soc., 1870, p. 256, pi. xxii, f. 2. = C. mitratus, Hwass, . 83
Purpurascens (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 54, 64
Purus (Conus), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 279, . 94
Pusillus (Conus), Chemn. (non Lam.). Conch. Cab., ii, p.

65, pi. 183, f. 1788, 1789. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var., 23
Pusillus (Conus), Gould. Otia Conch., 187 ; Bost. Jour., vi.

= C. Ceylonensis. Hwass, ...... 23

Pusilla (Conus). Pease (olim.). Zool. Proc., 516, 1865.

= C. parvus, Pease.

Pusio (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 499, . . .93
Pusio (Conus), Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 398.

= C. puncticulatus, Hwass, ...... 62

PustulaUis (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. ci, f. 2.

= C. puncticulatus, Hwass, 62

Pustulosus (Conus), Kien. Sowb., Thes., No. 79.

= C. puncticulatus, Hwass.
Pygmaeus (Conns \ Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179.

= C. puncticulatus, Hwass, 62

Pyramidalis (Conus), Kiener, t. 96, f. 2.

== Yar. convolutus, Sowb.

Pyramidalis (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 577, . 89
Pyriformis (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, pi. xiii, f. 70, 1843, 17
Pyrula (Conus), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 289, t. 2, f. 8.

=' C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Quadratomaculatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Sup.,

431, f. 637, 638. = C. Erythraaensis, Beck.
Quaestor (Conus), Lam. Edit. Desh., xi, 79.

= C. characteristics, Chemn. . . . . . .13

Quercinus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 681.

= C. figulinus, L., var 17

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 121

Racemosus (Conus), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, pi. 59, f. 11,

p. 721, . . .92

Radiatus (Conus), Chemn. Mss. Reeve, Icon. Sp., 203.

= C. scalptus, Reeve.

Radiatus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3386, ... 60
Ranunculus (Conus), Hwass. Enc}^. Meth., t. 331, f. 1.

= C. achatinus, Chemn.
Raphanus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., i, 722, t. 341, f.

2. = C. magus, Linn 53

Rarimaculatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p.

257, pi. xxii, f. 4. = C. Sieboldi, Reeve, . . .38

Rattus (Conus), Hwass. Diet., No. 89, . . . .41
Ravus (Conus), Gould. Otia. Conch., 187 ; Bost. Jour., vi.

= C. Californicus, Hinds.
Recluzianus (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. iv, p. 148,

pi. 6, f. 6, 1853, .... .... 9

Reevei (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 115, pi. xliv, f. 2.

= C. daucus, Hwass, 48

Reflectus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 754,

pi. Ixxv, f. 6, 22

Regalitatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834.

= C. purpurascens, Brod., var. 65

Regius (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 138, f. 1276.

= C. princeps. Linn. ....... 29

Regularis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 45, ... 37
Reticulatus (Conus), Martini. T. 56, f. 619, 620.

= C. mercator, Linn.
Reticulatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 86.

= C. luciclus, Mawe.

Retifer (Conus), Menke. Yezeichniss, 1443, . . .89
Rhizoconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 68, 1852.

= S. G. Leptoconus,H. and A. Adams, . . 29, 39, 48

Rhododendron (Conus), Couth. Jay, Cat. Shells, 3d Ed.,

t. 7, f. 2, 3, 1839, 86

Rhombus, Montf. Conch. Syst., ii, 402, 1810.

= Conus, Linn. . . . . ... . .7

Rivularis (Conns), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vi, f. 261.

= C. boeticus, Reeve, var. 26

Robillardi (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. vii, p. 182,

pi. 7. = O. vexillum, Gmel 39

Rollandi (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. viii, p. 332,

pi. 12, f. 4, 1860. = C. magus, Linn., var. . . .53
Rollus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 395, 1810.

= Nubecula, Klein.

Rosaceus (Conus), Chemn. xi, p. 52, t. 181, f. 1756, 1757, 56
Roseus (Conus), Kien. (not Lam.). Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 107,

f. 4. = C. Kieneri, Reeve, ...... 71

122 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Rosens (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 458.

= C. mus, Hwass, var. ....... 20

Roseo-tinctus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., 405,

f. 604. = C. rosaceus, Chemn. . . . . .56

Rossiteri (Conus >, Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 109, 69
Rubescens (Conus), Bonnet. Rev. Zool., 1864, p. 282, pi.

22, f. 6. = Yar. C. cannonicus, Hwass, . . .90

Rubiginosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., 744.

= C. omaria, Hwass, ....... 93

Rudis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 90, t. 144, . . 54
Ruppellii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi. ii, f. 273.

= C. classiarius, Hwass, juv. ...... 41

Rusticus (Conus), part. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 3383.

= C. cinereus, Hwass.
Rusticus (Conus), Poli. Test. Sicil., iii, 8, t. 45, f. 3-6.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Rutilus (Conus), Menke. Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 27, No. 133, 24

Sagittatus ( Conus \ Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 518,

pi. xxxii, f. 8, 9. = C. lemniscatus, Reeve, . . .36
Sanguineus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 356, pi. cxi, f. 2.

= C. Archon, Brod. 27

Sanguinolentns (Conus), Quoy. Yoy. Astrol., iii, 90, t. 20,

f. 18 ; t. 21, f. 4. = C. lividus, Hwass, .... 45
Sanguinolentus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. viii,

f. 274. = C. virgatus, Reeve, var. . . 35

Sapphirostoma (Conus >, Weinkauff. Cat. No. 207.

= C. Erythraeensis, Beck, . . . . . .62

Scaber (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., p. 351, pi. c, f. 1.

= C. mili;iris, Hwass, 22

Scabriusculus (Conus), Chenln Conch., xi, t. clxxxii, f.

1768-9, . . . . . . . . . .80

Scalaris (Conus), Yalenc. Humb et Bonpl. Reise, 338, . 35
Scalaris (Conus), Yal. Kiener, Iconog.

= C. arcuatus, Brod. 76

Scalptus (Conus), Reeve. Proc., Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 172, 18
Scheck (Conus ^,Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. GeselL, ii, 46, . . 31
Scitulus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. ix, f. 283.

= C. pictus, Reeve, .... ... 68

Scriptus ( Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 357, fig. 563.

= C. textile, Linn 90

Secutor (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, 303, pi. 9,

f. 33. = C. caffer, Krauss, 68

.Selectus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 121, . 38
Semistriatus (Conus), Sowb. Weink. Cat., No. 60.

= C. semisulcatus, Sowb.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 123

Semisulcatus (Conns), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257,

pi. xxii, f. 13, . .79

Semivelatus (Conns), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 118,

pi. v, f. 3, . . .41

Senator (Conns), Kien., Reeve, etc., not Linn.

= C. planorbis, Born, 50

Senator Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1168. Undetermined.
Seychellensis (Conns), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc.

Beng. (n. s.), xliii, pt. 2, p. 22. 1874, ... .49

Siamensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 662,

= C. Proteus, Hwass, var. ...... 12

Sieboldii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., i, f. 269, 1848, 38
Signifer (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, 308, pi.

10, f. 6. = C. rosaceus, Chemn., var. . . . .56
Simplex (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 269, f. 199, . 54
Sindon (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175, . 54
Sinensis (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., 143, t. 71, f. 1.

= C. cingulatus, Larn.

Sinensis (Conus), G-mel. Syst. Nat., 3394, . . . .93
Sinensis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 56.

= C. Sowerbyi, Reeve, . . . . . . .76

Smithi (Conus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 36, pi. v,

f. 8, 24

Solandri (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, p. 50, t.

40, f. 4. = C. coccineus, Gm 82

Solidus (Conus), Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index,

= C. nebulosus, Sol 28

Solidus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 76.

= C. retifer, Menke.
Sophias (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., vol.

i,l>.7, 94

Sowerbyi (Conus \ Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 77 a, emend.

= C. undatus, Kien. ........ 76

SpecioSus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 51, fig. 138, . 24
Speciosissirnus (Conns), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi.

11, f. 274. = C. Magellanicus, Hwass, var. . . .27
Spectabilis (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117.

= C. tenellus, Chemn 81

Spectrum (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel.), p. 3395, . 57
Spectrum album (Conus), Chemn. Con. Cab., x, pi. 140, f.

1304. = C. radiatus, Gmel., var., parius.
Spectrum Sumatrse (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 91, t.

144. = C. pica, Ad. and Reeve.
Sphacelatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 51.

= C. hebraeus, Linn., var. ....... 20

Spiculum (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., vii, f. 266, . 32

124 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Spiroglossus (Conus), Desh. Moll. He Reunion, p. 135, pi.

xiii, f. 13, 14. = C. generalis, Linn 34

Splendidulus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Ill.,f. 53.

= C. classiarius, Hwass, ....... 41

Sponsalis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, pi. 182, f. 1766,

1767. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var 23

Spurius (Conus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3396.

= C. Proteus, Hwass, 12

Staintbrthii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, pi. 1, f. 1.

= C. Moluccensis, Chemn. ...... 26

Stearnsii (Conus), Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 104, pi.

10, f. 1,1870. = C. Pealii, Green, . . 36

Stellatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 225, pi. xcix, f. 3.

= C. omaria, Hwass, ....... 93

Stephanoconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 65, 1852, . . .25
Stercus-muscarum (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p.

3385, 19

Stercutius (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Sticticus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117.

= C. verrucosus, Hwass, 78

Stigmaticus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p.

119. == C. nisus, Chemn. 59

Stillatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., v, f. 247.

= C. conspersus, Reeve, ....... 58

Stramineus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 481.

= C. nisus, Chemn 59

Straturatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl. 408, fs. 609-610 ;

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 518, pi. xxxii, f. 14.

= C. cinereus, Hwass, var. . . . . .58

Striatum (Textile), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 141, f. 1311.

= Conus retifer, Menke.

Striatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1117, . . 85
Strigatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pt. 2, p. 733, 73
Striolatus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 105, f. 1 ; Smith,

Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 535. = C. magus, Linn. . . 53
Strombus, Adanson. Hist. Nat., Senegal, 82, 1757.

= Conus, Linn.
Subaequalis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257,

pi. xxii, f. 5. = C. Sowerbyi, Reeve, . . . . 76
Subcarinatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p.

518, pi. xxxii, f. 12-13, . . .32

Submarginatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p.

255, pi. xxii, f. 6, 59

Substriatus (Conus), Link. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 206, 1858.

= C. acuminatus, Hwass.
Subulatus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 70, f. 2, . . 71

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 125

Subulatus (Conus), Sowerby (not Kiener). Thes. Conch.,

f. 472. = C. spectrum, Linn. ...... 57

Succinctus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118, 13^
Suffusus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 255, pi.

xxii, f. 9, 29

Sugillatus (Conus), Reeve. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177.

= C. lividus, Hwass, var. ....... 45

Sulcatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., pt. 2, p. 618, . 73
Sulciferus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 116, 74
Sulphuratus (Kiener). Icon. Coq. viv., t. 66, f. 3.

= C. mustelinus, Hwass, 41

Sulphureus (Conus), Kien. Sowb., Thes. Index.

= C. mustelinus, Hwass.
Sumatrae (Princeps), Chemn.

= Conus Sumatrensis, Hwass.

Sumatrensis (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 655, t. 327, f. 8, 39
Superscripts (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p.

753, pi. Ixxv, f. 4, 25

Superstriatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 328, f. 282, . 64
Suratensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i,pt. 2, p. 669.

= C. betulinus, Linn., var. . . . . . .16

Sutoreanus (Conus), Weink. Kiister's Conch. Cab., 311,

t. 56, f. 5, 6, . . .49

Suturatus (Conus >, Kiener (not Reeve), Icon., t. 88, f. 1.

= C. submarginatus, Sowb.
Suturatus (Conns), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178, 60

Tabidus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, . 46
Taeniatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 628, 23
Taheitensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

713. = C. rattus, Hwass, . . ... 41

Tamsianus (Conus), Duclos. Sowb., Thes. Index.

? = C. Tamsianus, Bunker. .
Tamsianus (Conus), Dunk. Index Moll. Guinea Infer., p.

28, pi. iv, f. 22, 23. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, var. . 66
Taslei i Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 360, pi. ex, f. 3, . . 56
Tasmania (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Sup., 430, f. 636.

= C. magus, Linn., var. ....... 54

Tasmanicus (Conus), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc.

Tasm., 1875, p. 139. = C. rutilus, Menke,. . . .24
Taylorianus (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880,

p. 480, pi. xlviii, f. 3, . .28

Tegulatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 256,

pi. xxii, f. 12, 34

Telatus Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pt. 1, f. 270.

= C. textile, Linn., var. ....... 90

Tendineus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., i, pt. 2, p. 733, . 80

126 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Tenellus (Conns), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, 64, t. 183, f.

1782, 1783, 81

Tennis (Conns), Sowb. Thes. Conch., iii, No. 14, f. 314.

= C. mustelinus. Hwass, . . . . . .41

Tennistriatus (Conns), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 396, fs. 532,

533. = C. glans, Hwass, . . . . .79

Teauisulcatus (Conns), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 256,

pi. xxii, f. 10, . . 77

Tenuisulcatus (Conns), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 145, t. 15, f. 2,

1873. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var 23

Terebellum (Conns), Mart. Conch., ii, pi. 52, f. 577.

= C. terebra, Born.

Terebra (Conns), Born. Test. Mus. Cses., 145, . . .80
Terebra (Conns), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 81, t. 143, f. 1329.

= C. nussatella, Linn.
Teres laevis (Conns), Martini. Con. Cab., ii, p. -233, pi. 53,

f. 584. = C. radiatus, Gmel.
^Terminus (Conns), Kiener. Coq. viv., pi. 48, f. 1 d.

= C. striatus, Linn 85

Terminus (Conns), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 505.

= C. gubernator, Hwass, ....... 86

Tessellatus (Conns), Born. In Mus. Cses., p. 131, . . 11

Testudinarius (Conns), Martini. Con. Cab., ii, p. 250, pi. 55,

f. 605, 65

Textile (Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit..xii, 1171, . . 89
Textilia, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840, . . . .88
Textilinus (Conns), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 333, pi. ciii, f. 5.

— C. abbas, var., panniculns, Lain. . . . . .87

Thalassiarchus (Conns), Gray. Sowb., Conch. Illust.,f. 80, 30
Theliconus, Swains. Malacol., 311, 1840. = Hermes, Montf.
Thomse (Conns), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3394.

= C. omaicus, Hwass, ....... 80

Thomasi (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 635, pi.

Ivi, f. 4. = C. terebra, Born, var.
Thuscus (Conns), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204,

1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Tiaratus (Conus), Brod. Zool. Proc., 1833.

= C. miliaris, Hwass, 22

Tigrinub (Conus), Sowb, Thes. Conch., 355, fig. 569.

= C. textile, Linn., var 90

Timorensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.. i, pt. 2, p.

731, . '. . .61

Tinianus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 713.

= C. bnllatus, Linn. ........ 56

Tinianus (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 61, f. 1.

= C. bullatus, Linn. 87

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 127

Tinianus (Conus), Reeve 'not Hwass). Conch. Icon., f.

236. — C. rosaceus, Chemn., var.
Tornatus (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 53.

= C. interruptus, Brod.

Traillii (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 121, . 83
Traversianus (Conus), Smith. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, p.

107, 34

Tribunus (Conus), Crosse. J. de Conch., 1865, pi. 10, f. 2,

p. 312, 59

Tribunus (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3377.

== C. centurio, Born.

Trig-onus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. iii, f. 286, 42
Tristis (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178, . 77
Trochulus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, 13
Tulipa (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, x, 717, . . . 87
Tuliparia, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840.

= Nubecnla, Klein.

Turbinatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 207, f. 227, 42
Turricula (Conus), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 289, t. 2, f. 7.

= C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.
Turriculatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Sup., 435, f. 643, 644.

= C. cancellatus, Lam. ..... . . 75

Turritus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, t. 22, f.

14. = C. gradatulus, Weink 38

Undatus (Conus), Kien. Iconog., t. 94, f. 1, . . .76
Undulatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 294, f. 63, . 74
Unieolor (Conus), Sowb. Cone. Ill , fig. 20, . , . 47
Unifasciatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. ex, f. 4, . 14,18
Ustulatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 176.

= C. consors, Sowb. . . . ... . .52

Utriculus, Schum. Essai Nov. Syst., 203, 1817.

= Nubecula, Klein.

Variegatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 261, pi. cvi, f. 1, 1 a.

= C. Africanus, Kiener, var. ...... 84

Varius (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., ii, p. 1170, . . .25
Vautieri (Conus), Kiener. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 100, f. 3, . . 19
Yayssetianus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872, p.

154, 349, pi. xvi, f. 1, . . 70

Ventricosus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3397.

? = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass.

Venulatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pt. 2, p. 695, 14
Yermiculatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Yert., vii, 452.

= Yar. C. hebmeus, Linn. ....... 20

Yerreauxii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 249, pi. Ix, f. 5.

= C. conspersus, Reeve, ....... 58

128 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Verriculum (Conns), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, No. 208.

= C. textile, Linn., var. . . . . . .89,90

Yerrucosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p.

708 78

Yerulosus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., i, 719, t. 341, f.

7. = C, granulatus, Linn. ...... 82

Yespertinus (Conus), Humph. Sowb., Tankerville C., t. 8,

f. 2, 3. = C. Timorensis, Hwass.

Yexillum (Conus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3397, . .39

Yicarius (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 482.

= C. textile, Linn. ........ 90

Yictor (Conus), Broderip. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 54.

= C. nobilis, Linn. . . . . . . . .30

Yictorise (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 172, . 91
Yidua (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 169.

= C. araneosus, Hwass, var. ...... 9

Yillepinii (Conus), Bern and Fisch. Jour. Conch., t. v, pi.

ix, f. 12, p. 292, 1857, ...... 37

Yimineus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. vii, Sup., f. 269.

= C. aculeiformis, Reeve, ....... 75

Yinctus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118.

= C. achatinus, Chemn.

YiolaceuH (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 176, . 88
Yirgatus (Conus), Reeve. Icon. Conus, Suppl., 2, . . 35
Yirgo (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Gm., p. 3376, . .43

Yiridis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 162, fig. 102.

= C. rattus, Hwass, ........ 41

Yiridulus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 446.

= C. imperialis, Linn., var. ...... 9

Yittatus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 470, . . 43
Yitulinus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.

648, pi. 326, f. 3, 51

Yoluminalis (Conus), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, . 35

Yoluta, Browne. Nat. Hist., Jamaica, 410. 1756.

= Conus, Linn.
Yulpinus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 648.

= C. planorbis, Born.

Weinkauffii (Conus), Lobbecke. Jahr. Deutsch. Mai. Ge-
sel., ix, p. 90, 1882, 30

Wilmeri (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 118, pi.
v, f. 5, . ' . . . . . . . .77

Ximenes (Conus), Gray. Zool. Beechey's Yoy., p. 119,
1839. = C. interruptus, Brod. . . . . . 63

Zebra (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 481 ; Kiener, t.
76, f. 2. = C. cinereus, Hwass, 58

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 129

Zebra (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 87.
• = C. virgatus, Reeve, ....... 35

Zebra (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Illust., 43.

= C. nisus, Chemn. ...... . 59

Zebroides (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 257, pi. cv, f. 5, .84
Zelandicus (Conus), Hutton. Cat. Mar., Moll. N. Z., p. 23.

= C. aplustre, Reeve. Hutton in litt. . . . . 68
Zeylanicus (Conus), Wd. Sowb., Thes. Index.

= C. obesus, Hwass.

Ziczac (Conus), Muhlfeldt. Sowb., Thes. Index, . . 93
Zonatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 613, 9

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

CONID^.
PLATE 1.

GURE.

1. Conus marmoreus, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 5, . 7

2. Conus bandanus, Hwass (= marmoreus, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 8, . ..... 8

3. Conus Crosseanus, Bernard! (= marmoreus, var.).

Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., i, t. 6, f. 5, . . . . 8

4. Conus nigrescens, Sowb. (= marmoreus, var.). Thes.

Conch., t. 287, f. 618, ...... 8

5. Conus pseudomarmoreus, Desh. (== marmoretfs, var.).

Jour, de Conch., 1875, t. 9, f. 4, .... 8

6. Conus nocturnus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 4, .8

7. Conus Deburghiae, Sowb. (= nocturnus). Thes.

Conch., f. 6, . ....... 8

8. Conus arachnoideus, Gmel. (= araneosus, Hwass).

Thes. Conch., f. 14, . . . . , . .8

9. Conus Nicobaricus, Hwass (= araneosus, var.), Sowb,

Thes.,f. 11, ........ 9

10. Conus vidua, Reeve (= araneosus, var.). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 9, ........... 9

11. Conus imperialis, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 2, . .9

12. Conus viridulus, Lam. (= imperialis, vai*.). Thes.

Conch., f. 1, . ....... 9

13. Conus fuscatus, Lam. (= imperialis, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 3, ........ 9

14. Conus Recluzianus, Bernardi. Thes. Conch., f. 14, . 9

15. Conus zonatus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 38, . $
9

130 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PLATE 2.

FIGUBE. PA«E.

16. Conus marchionatus, Hinds. Thes. Conch., f. 172, . 9

17. Conus literatus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 156, . . 10

18. Conus Gruneri, Reeve (= literatus). Conch. Icon., f.

231, 10

19. Conus millepunctatus, Lam. (— literatus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 151, 10

20. Conus ccelatus, A. Adams. Sowb., Thes., f. 107, . 10

21. Conus planaxis, Desh, Thes. Conch., t. 287, f. 625, . 10

22. Conus musicus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 113, . 11

23. Conus Mighelsi, Kiener (= musicus). Coq. viv., t.

103, f. 1, . 11

24. Conus eburneus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 247, . .11

25. Conus polyglotta, A. Ad. (= eburneus). Thes. Conch.,

f, 248, 11

26. Conus tessellatus, Born. Sowb., Thes., f. 250, . .11

27. Conus crassus, Sowb. (— tessellatus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 254, ... 11

28. Conus Baylei, Jousseaume. Mag. de Zool., 1871-2, t.

18, f. 2, . 11

29. Conus suturatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 250, . . 11
29 a. Conus suturatus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 256, . 11

30. Conus Proteus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2196, 12

31. Conus leoninus, Hwass (= Proteus). Thes. Conch., f.

232, 12

32. Conus spurius, Auct. (= Proteus). Thes. Conch., f. 236, 12

33. Conus ochraceus, Lam. (— Proteus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 432, 12

34. Conus bicolor, Sowb. (= Proteus, var.). Thes. Conch.,

f. 234, 12

35. Conus papilionaceus, Hwass (= Proteus, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 233, 12

PLATE 3.

86. Conus Siamensis, Hwass (=: Proteus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 352, 12

87. Conus Lorenzianus, Chemn. (=flammeus, Lam.). Thes.

Conch., f. 212, . . . .12

38, 39. Conus characteri&ticus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f.

337, 338, .13

40. Conus succinctus, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., f. 257, . . 13

41. Conus ambiguus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 244, . . 13

42. Conus griseus, Kiener (= ambiguus). Iconographie,

t. 63, f. 2, 13

43. Conus cuneiformis, Smith. Quar. Jour. Conch., p. 202, 13
43 a. Conus trochulus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 246, . 13

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 131

TGURE. PAGE.

44. Conns cj'anostoma, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., f. 304, . 14

45. Conns frigidus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl.,t. 3, f. 284, 14

46. Conns venulatus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 1956, . . 14

47. Conns nivosus, Lam, (= venulatus). Kiener, Iconog.,

t. 81, f. Ic, . 14

48. 49. Conus nivifer, Brod. (= venulatus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 265, 397, . . ... 15

50. Conus Crotchii, Reeve (venulatus, var.). Thes., . 15

51. Conus genuanus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 81, . . 15

52. Conus Prometheus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 245, . 15

PLATE 4.

52 a. Conus Fergusoni, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, 1. 15, f. 1, 15

53. Conus omaicus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 497, . . 16

54. Conus betulinus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 244, . . 16

55. Conus betulinus, var. Suratensis, Hwass. Sowb., Thes.,

f. 246, 16

56. Conus glaucus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 10, . 16

57. Conus figulinus, Linn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 28, f. 1 6, . 16

58. Conus figulinus, var. Loroisii, Kiener. Thes. Conch.,

f. 243, ... 16

59. Conus quercinus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 240, . . 17

60. Conus pyriformis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 354, . . 17

61. Conus patricius, Hinds (= pyriformis). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 63, 17

62. Conus Californicus, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 332, . 17

63. Conus dealbatus, A. Ad. (= Californicus). Thes.

Conch., f. 103, . .17

64. Conus scalptus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 203, . . 18

65. Conus unifasciatus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 110, f. 4, . 18

66. Conus arenatus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 18, . . 18

67. Conus obesus, Hwass (Ceylonicus, Chemn.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 22, 18

68. Conus pulicarius, Hwass, var, fustigatus. Hwass,

Thes. Conch., f. 21, . ... 19

PLATE 5.

69. Conus pulicarius, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 20, . . 19

70. Conus Vautieri, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 100, f. 3, . . 19

71. Conus stercus-muscarum, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 347, 19

72. Conus mus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 78, ... 19

73. Conus roseus,Lam. (= mus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 94, 20

74. Conus punctatus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 92, . . 20

75. Conus Hebraeus, Linn. Kiener, Coq. viv., t. 4, f. 2, . 20

76. Conus sphacelatus, Sowb. (= Hebraeus, juv.). Reeve,

Ic., f. 26, . . . . . . . . .20

132 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

77. Conus vermiculatus, Hwass (== Heoraeus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 53, . . .20

78. Conus maculiferus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 74. . . 21

79. Conus balteatus, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 88, . 21

80. Conus pigmentatus, Ad. and Reeve (= balteatus). Thes.

Conch., f. 101, . . 21

81. Conus cernicus, H. Adams (= balteatus). Kiister, t.

42, f. 7, . ' . - 21

82. Conus encaustus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 14, f. 2, . . 21

83. Conus prsetextus, Reeve (= encaustus). Reeve, Conch.

Icon. Suppl., t. 2, f. 277, 21

84. Conus miliaris, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 198, . . 21

85. Conus tiaratus, Brod. (= miliaris). Sowb., Thes.

Conch., f. 80, . . . . . . . .22

86. Conus fulgetrum, Sowb. (= miliaris \ Thes. Conch.,

f. 69, . .22

87. Conus scaber, Kiener (= miliaris). Coq. viv., t. 100,

f. 1, 22

88. Conus minimus, Linn. (= miliaris). Reeve, Icon., f.

143 a, . 22

89. Conus abbreviatus, Nuttall (== miliaris, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 84, 22

•90. Conus Aristophanes, Duclos (= miliaris, var.), Thes.

Conch., f. 81, ..... . 22

PLATE 6.

91. Conus reflectus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f. 4, . 22

92. Conus baccatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f. 5, . 22
"93. Conus taeniatus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 107, . . 23

94. Conus Ceylonensis, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 141, . 23

95. Conus nux, Brod. (= Ceylonensis). Reeve, Icon., f.

110, . . . . " . . . . . .23

96. Conus acutus, Sowb. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 142, . . .' 23

97. Conus pusillus,' Chemn. (— Ceylonensis, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 144, 23

98. Conus tenuisulcatus, Sowb. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Zool.

Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 2, . ... 23

99. Conus sponsalis, Chemn. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Rve.,

Icon., f. 109, . . 23

100. Conus nanus, Brod. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 144, . . .24

1. Conus speciosus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 138, . . 24

2. Conus Couderti, Bernardi. Jour de Conch., 2 ser., iv,

t. 4, f. 3, . . 24

3. Conus rutilus, Menkc. Reeve, Icon., i%. 264, . . 24

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 133

FIGURE. PAGE.

4. Conus Smithii, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5, f. 8, . 24

5. Conus pontificalis, Lara. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, . . 24 _

6. 7. Conus aurantius, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 35, 36, . 25
8. 9. Conus varius, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 40, 42, . .25

10. Conus interruptus, Mawe (= varius). Thes. Conch.,

f. 43, . . . .25

11. Conus superscriptus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75,

f.6, . . . .' . . . . . .25

12. Conus boeticus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 226, . .26

13. Conus rivularis, Reeve (= boeticus). Conch. Icon.

Suppl., t. 6,f. 261, ........ 26

14. Conus albomaculatus, Sow. (= boeticus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 113, ... . . . . .26

15. Conus muriculatus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 112, . . 26

PLATE 7.

16. Conus plumbeus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 253, . . 26

17. Conus liratus, Reeve (= plumbeus). Conch. Icoii., f.

268, .... 26

18. Conus Moluccensis, Chemn. Sowbt, Thes. Conch., f. 46, 26

19. .Conus proximus, Sowb. (= Moluccensis). Thes. Conch.

Suppl., f. 619, . . 26

20. Conus Magellanicus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 7f, . 26

21. Conus speciosissimus, Reeve (= Magellanicus). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 124, . . . 27

22. Conus Lubeckianus, Bern. (= Magellanicus). Jour, de

Conch., 3 ser., 6, f. 7, 27

23. Conus cidaris, Kiener (= Magellanicus, var.). Coq.

viv,, t. 63, f. 1, . . . • .• . . . .27

24. Conus cardinalis, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 102, . . 27

25. Conus dianthus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 4, . 27

26. Conus Archon, Brod. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 252, . 27

27. Conus castaneus, Kiener (== Archon). Coq. viv., t.

104, f. 3, . . .27

28. Conus sanguineus, Kiener (= Archon, var.). Coq.

viv., t. Ill, f. 2, . ..... 27

29. Conus granarius, Kiener (= Archon, var.). Coq. viv.,

t.,98, f. 1, . . . .27

30. Conus Lamberti, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1877, t.

1, f. 1, . . .28

31. Conus nebulosus, Solander. Thes. Conch., f. 62, . 28
32-34. Conus cedonulli, Hwass (= nebulosus). Thes.

Conch., f. 64, 67, 68, . . . . . . . 28

35. Conus Tajlorianus, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t. 4$, f. 3, 28

36. Conus diadema, Sowb. (= brunneus\ Thes. Conch.,

f. 47,. . . . . . . . . .28

134 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

37. Conus brunneus, Gray. Thes. Conch., f. 48, . . 28

PLATE 8.

38. Conus gladiator, Brod, Reeve, Icon., f. 127, . . 28

39. Conus suffusus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 9, . 29

40. Conus Nouineensis, Crosse (= suffusus, var.). Jour.de

Conch., 1872, t. 16, f. 2, 29

41. Conus princeps, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 36 5, . 29

42. Conus princeps, Linn., var. regius, Chemn. Reeve,

Icon., f. 36 a, 29

43. Conus princeps, Linn., var. lineolatus, Val. Thes.

Conch., f. 32, 29

44. Conus ammiralis, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 226, . . 29

45. Conus archithalassus, Dillw. (= ammiralis.) Thes.

Conch., f. 24, . . , . . ' . .29

46. Conus ammiralis, Linn., var. granulatus, Kiener. Coq.

viv.,t. 21, f. Id, . . . . . . .29

47. Conus nobilis, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2 a, . 80

48. Conus cordigerus, Sowb. (= nobilis). Thes. Conch.,

f. 498, 30

49. Conus victor, Brod. (= nobilis). Reeve, Icon., f. 5, . 30

50. 51. Conus thalassiarchus, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch.,

f. 165, 166, 30

52. Conus Amadis, Mart. Thes. Conch., f. 170, . . 30

53. Conus Weinkauffii, Lobbecke. Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai.

Gesell., ix, t. 4, f. 3, . 30

54. Conus acuminatus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 196, . 31

PLATE 9.

55. Conus cuneatus, Sowb. (= acuminatus, var.) Zool.

Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 5, .... 31

56. Conus Neptunus, Kiener (= Schech Jickeli). Coq.

viv., t. 99, f. 5, . . • . . . . .31

57. Conus turritus, Sowb. (= gradatulus, Weink.) Zool.

Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 14, 38

58. Conus Coxeni, Brazier. Zool. Proc., 1875, t. 4, f. 10, 30

59. Conus nodulosus,Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 288, f. 635, . 31

60. Conus luctificus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 198, . . 31

61. Conus bifasciatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 302, . . 32

62. Conus spiculum, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl, f. 266, . 32

63. Conus subcarinatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 286,

f. 615, 32

64. Conus Malaccanus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 366, . 33

65. Conus fulgurans, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 202, . . 32

66. Conus eximius, Reeve (= fulgurans). Thes. Conch.,

f. 201, . .32

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 135

riGURE. PAGE.

67. Conus Delessertianus, Reel. Sowb., Thes., f. 365, . 33

68. Conus centurio, Born. Thes. Condi., f. 367, . . 33

69. Conus anabathrum, Crosse. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 288,

f. 639, 33

70. Conus articulatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 3, 33

71. Conus tegulatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 12, 34

72. Conus Macarse, Bern. Thes. Conch., t. 286, f. 617, , 34

73. Conus monile, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 178, . . 34

74. Conus generalis, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 180, . . 34

75. Conus Maldivus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 183, . . 34

PLATE 10.

76. Conus Maldivus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 182, . . 34

77. Conus voluminalis, Hinds. Reeve., Conch. Icon., f. 206, 35

78. Conus floridulus, Ad. and Reeve (= voluminalis, var.)

Thes., f. 97, .35

79. Conus Lorenzianus, Chemn. THes. Conch., f, 430, , 35

80. Conus virgatus. Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 190, . . 35

81. Conus Cumingii, Reeve (= virgatus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f 193, . ...... 35

82. Conus sanguinolentus, Reeve (= virgatus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 409, . . . ^ . . . ,35

83. Conus scalaris, Val. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 192, , 35

84. Conus flavescens, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 168, , . 36

85. Conus Largillierti, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 2,

f, 275, .36

86. Conus Traversianus, Smith. Quar, Jour. Conch., i, 107, 34

87. Conus Bayani, Jousseaume. Guerin's Magazine, 1872,

t. 18, f, 1, ... .... 35

88. Conus Guestieri, Lorois. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iv,

t. 12, f. 5, 35

89. 90. Conus Pealii, Green. Thes. Conch., f. 393, 394, . 36

91. Conus Stearnsii, Conr. (== Pealii), Am. Jour. Conch.,

v, t. 10, f. 1, 36

92. Conus candidus, Kiener (= Pealii). Coq. viv., t. 97,

f. 1, . 36

93. Conus lemniscatus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., t. 286, f. 608, 36

94. Conus Clerii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 229, . . 37

95. Conus emarginatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f, 232, . 37
95 a. Conus minutus, Reeve. Conch. Icon,, f, 259, . . 37

96. Conus lentiginosus, Reeve (= emarginatus). Conch.

Icon., f. 245, 37

97. Conus Villepini, Bern, and Fischer. Thes. Conch., t. 288,

f. 629, 37

PLATE 11.

98. 99. Conus regularis, Sowb. Thee. Conch., f. 208, 209, 37

136 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

100. Conns incurvus, Brod. (= regularis). Thes. Conch.,

f. 194, . . .37

1. Conus angulatus, A. Ad. (= regularis). Thes. Conch.,

f. 388, .-..'..... 37

2. Conus dispar, Sowb. (= regularis \ Thes., Conch.

f. 195, 37

3. Conus selectus, A. Ad. Sowb,, Thesaurus, f, 361, . 38

4. Conus Floridanus, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, t. 15,

f, 4, ... 38

5. Conus Floridensis, Sowb. (= Floridanus). Zool.

Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 11, 38

6. Conus Sieboldii, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 369, . . 38

7. Conus rarimaculatus, Sowb. (= Sieboldii). Zool. Proc.,

1870, t. 22, f. 4, ....... 38

8. Conus papillaris, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 377, . , 38

9. Conns optabilis, A. Ad. Sowb. Thes., f. 364, . . 38

10. Conus Mazei, Desk.' Jour, de Conch., 1874, t. 1, f. 1, . 39

11. Conus Sumatrensis, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 158, . 39

12. Conus nemocanus, Hwass (= Sumatrensis, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 153, . .39

1 2 a. Conus vexillum, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 163, . . 39

13. Conns laevigatus, Sowb. (= vexillum). Thes,, f. 149, 39

14. Conus Robillardi, Bern. (= vexillum, juv. ?) Jour, de

Conch., 2 ser.,iii, t. 7, f. 2, 39

15. Conus concolor, Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 206, , , 40

16. Conus miles, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 157, . . .40

17. Conus snlphuratns, Kiener (=mustelinus). Coq.viv.,

t. 66, f. 3, . . . . . . .40

18. Conns citrinus, Kiener (= mustelinus). Coq. viv., t.

78, f. 4. . . . . 40

PLATE 12.

19. Conus mutabilis, Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 216, 40

20. Conus hyaena, Reeve (=± mutabilis). Thes. Conch., f.

431, 40

21. 22. Conus capitaneus. Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 175, 176, 40

23. Conus mustelinus, Hwass (—capitaneus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 160, . .40

24. Conus classiarius. Kiener (= capitaneus, var.). Kien.,

Iconog., t. 63, f. 3, 40

25. Conus rattus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 78. . 41

26. Conus Taheitensis, Hwass (= rattus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 26, 41

27. Conus viridis, Sowb. (= rattus). Thes. Conch., f. 192, 41

28. Conus Lischkeanus, Weinkauff'. Kiister, Conch. Cab ,

t. 56, f. 2, 41

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 137

FIGURr. PAGE.

29. Conus serjhelatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 3? 1882, 41

30. Conus classiarius, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 213, . . .41

31. Gonus splendidulus, Sowb. (== classiarius). Thes.

Conch., f. 211, 41

32. Conus Riippellii, Reeve (= classiarius). Thes. Conch.,

f. 143, , 41

33. Conus adustus, Sowb. (— classiarius). Thes. Conch.,

f. 403, . . 41

34. Conus Fazii, Bern. (= classiarius, var.), Thes. Conch.,

t. 289, f. 649, . .42

35. Conus trigonus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 3, f. 286, 42

36. Conus aureolus, Sowb. Thes. Conch,, f. 395, . . 42

37. Conus coffea, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 173, . . .42

38. Conus excavatus, Sowb. (— coffea). Thes. Suppi., t.

286, f. 616, ... . .42

39. Conus incarnatus, Reeve (= coffea). Thes. Conch.,

f. 228, 42

40. Conus turbinatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 227, . . 42

PLATE 13.

41. Conus vittatus, Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 274, . . 43
42.. Conus Cumingii, Reeve (= vittatus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 415, 43

43. Conus orion, Brod. (= vittatus, var.), Thes. Conch.,

f. 200, 43

44. Conus Henoquei, Bern. (= vittatus, var.). Jour, de

Conch., 2 ser., iv, t. 13, f. 4, 43

45. Conus Virgo, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 167, . . . .43

46. Conus Cselinse, Crosse (= virgo, var.). Thes. Suppl.,

t. 287, f. 623, .43

47. Conus emaciatus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 258. . . 44

48. Conus flavidus. Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 168, . .44

49. Conus Maltzanianus, Weink. (— flavidus). Reeve, Ic.,

f. 207, . .44

50. Conus mirmillo, Crosse (== flavidus). Jour, de Conch.,

1865, t. 9, f. 2, . . . . . . . . 44

51. Conus Gloynei, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56, f. 5, . 44

52. Conus Lombei, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56, f. 6, . 44

53. Conus segrotus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 215, . . 45

54. Conus lividus, Hwass. Sowb , Thes., f. 27, . . 45

55. Conus citrinus, Gmel. (= lividus). Thes. Conch., f. 70, 45

56. Conussugillatus, Reeve (= lividus, var.). Thes. Conch.,

f. 50, . 45

57. Conus crepusculum, Reeve (= lividus). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 57, 45

58. Conus oblitus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 37, . . .45

138 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

59. Conus Moussoni, Crossel Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 10,

f. 3, .... 46

60. Conus pryntanis, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 1, . 46

61. Conus Evelinse, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 2, . 46

62. Conus primula, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. 256, 46

63. Conus Cibielli, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 107, f. 2, . . 46

64. Conus tabidus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 243, . . 46

PLATE 14.

65. Conus hepaticus, Kiener. Thes. Conch., f. 191, . , 47

66. Conus albicans, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 98, , ,47

67. Conus unicolor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 83, . . 47
68,69. Conus distans, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 174 a, c, . 47

70. Conus daucus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 189, , * 48

71. Conus Reevei, Kiener (=daucus). Thes. Conch. ,f. 188, 48

72. Conus archetypus, Crosse (= daucus, var.) Jour, de

Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 7, . ... 48

73. Conus narcissus, Lara. Sowb., Thes., f. 436, . . 48

74. Conus lithoglyphus, Meusch. Thes. Conch., f. 185, . 48
75- Conns lacinulatus, Kiener (= lithoglyphus). Coq. viv.,

t. 108, f. 2, . . . . ' . . . . 48

76. Conus attenuatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 203, . 49

77. Conus Sutorianus, Weinkauff. Kuster, Conch. Cab.,

t. 56, f. 5, 49

78. Conus pulchellus, Swains. Thes. Conch., f. 220. . 49

79. Conus cinctus, Swains. (= pulchellus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 231, ... 49

80. Conus connectens, A. Ad. (= pulchellus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 230, 49

81. Conus planorbis, Born. Thes. Conch., f. 491, . . 50

82. Conus circumsignatus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865,

t. 10, f. 14, 50

83. Conus Chenui, Crosse. Sowb., Thes. Suppl., t. 287,

f. 624, . 50

84. Conus Lobbeckeanus, Weink. (— Chenui). Kuster,

Conch. Cab., t. 36, f. 3, . . . . . 50

85. Conus lineatus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 219, . . 50

86. 87, Conus vitulinus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 223,224, 51

PLATE 15.

88. Conus Carpentcri, Crosse (== vitulinus, var.) Jour.

de Conch., 1865, t. 9, f. 1, . . . .51

89. Conus Augur, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 154, . . 51

90. Conus lignarius, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 269, . . 51

91. Conus furvus, Reeve (— lignarius). Thes, Conch.,

f. 267, . . -51

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 139

FIGURE. PAGE.

92. Conus Cecilei, Kiener (= lignarius). Thes. Conch.,

f. 313, .51

93. Conus fasciatus, Kiener (= lignarius, var.). Coq. viv.,

t. 109, f. 2, ... .... 51

94. Conus raultilineatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1875, t. 24,

f. 5, 52

95. Conus Kobelti, Lobbecke. Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell.,

ix, t. 4, f. 4, 52

96. Conus consors, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 492, . , 52

97. Conus carinatus, Swains. (= consors). Thes. Conch.,

f. 495, 52

98. Conus anceps, A. Ad. (= consors). Sowb., Thes,,

f. 493, ,52

99. Conus Daullei, Crosse (=; consors). Mag. de Zool,,

1858, t. 2, f. 2 a, 52

100. Conus ustulatus, Reeve (=5= consors). Thes Conch.

Suppl.,t. 289, f. 647, , . 52

1. Conus fulvocinctus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch,, 1873,

t. 11, f. 5, 52

2. Conus consanguineus, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880,

t. 48, f. 1, . 52

3. Conus magus, Linn. Thes. Conch,, f. 513, , , .53

4. Conus raphanus, Hwass (== magus). Thes. Conch,,

f. 509, 53

5. Conus Consul, Boivin (=^= magus). Jour, de Conch.,

3 ser., iv, t. 1, f. 5, 53

6. Conus striolatus, Kiener (= magus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 328, . . .53

7. Conus Borneensis, Sowb, (== magus), Thes. Suppl.,

t. 289, f. 648, 53

8. Conns assimilis, A. Ad, (= magus). Thes. Conch,,

f. 505, . . .53

9. Conus Frauenfeldi, Crosse (=?= magus, var.). Thee.

Conch., f. 525, . . . . . . .53

10. Conus Metcalfei, Reeve (=magus, var.). Conch. Icon,,

f. 194, . 53

PLATE 16.

11. Conus Rollandi, Bern (= magus, var.). Thes, Conch,

Suppl., t. 289, f. 652, 53

12. Conns epistomium, Reeve (== magus, var.). Conch.

Icon., f. 227, 53

13. Conus Tasmanise, Sowb. (= magus, var.). Thes. Suppl.,

t. 288, f. 636, 54

14. Conus epistomioides, Weink. (= magus, var.). Kiister,

Conch. Cab., t. 51, f. 6, . . , . .54

140 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

15. Conus pertusus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 213, . . 54

16. Conus festivus, Cliemn. (= pertusus \ Thes. Conch.,

f. 272, 54

17. Conus inquinatus, Reeve (= pertusus \ Conch. Icon.

Suppl.,t. 5, f. 251, 54

18. Conus simplex, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 199, . . 54

19. Conus sindon, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 233 a, . . 54

20. Conus miser, Boivin. Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 287, f. 630, 55

21. 22. Conus mercator, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 83 6, a, . 55

23. Conus desidiosus, A. Ad., (= mercator, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 306, 55

24, 25. Conus cuneolus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 205 a, &, 55
26, 27. Conus Natalis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 292, 293, . 55

28. Conus olivaceus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. Ill, f. 3, . . 55

29. Conus Taslei, Kiener (= olivaceus). Coq. viv., 1. 110,

f. 3, ....... .56

30,31. Conus irregularis, Sowb. (= olivaceus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 418, 419, 56

32, 33. Conus infrenatus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 451, 452, 56

PLATE 17.

34, 35. Conus rosaceus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 455, 456, 56

36. Conus roseotinctus, Sowb. Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 604, 56

37. Conus Tinianus, Reeve (= rosaceus, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 450, . . . . . . . .56

38. Conus Loveni, Krauss (— rosaceus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 449, . .56

39. Conus signifer, Crosse (= rosaceus, var.). Jour, de

Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 6, . .56

40. Conus Lamarckii, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 83, f. 4, . . 56

41. Conus inflatus, Kiener (= Lamarckii). Coq. viv., t.

71, f. 3, 56

42. Conus citrinus, ,Kiener (= Lamarckii). Coq. viv., t.

59, f. 6, . . • .56

43. Conus Broderipii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 254 6, . 57

44. Conus spectrum, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 458, . . 57

45. Conus collisus, Reeve (= spectrum). Thes. Conch., f.

459, ... .... .57

46. 47. Conus pica, Ads and Reeve (= spectrum). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 290, 291, 57

48. Conus subnlatus. Sowb. (— spectrum). Thes. Conch.,

f. 472, . . . . 57

49. Conus lictor, Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 1,

f. 1, . 57

50. Conus dolium, Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t.

l,f. 4, 75

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 141

FIGURE. PAGE.

51. Conus lacteus, Reeve (= spectrum, var.). Conch.

Icon., f. 234, 57

52. Conus Andainanensis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1878, t. 50,

f. la, . 57

53. Conus conspersus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 262, . . 58

54. Conus Verreauxii, Kiener (= conspersus). Coq. viv.,

t. 60, f. 5, . .58

PLATE 18.

55. Conus scillatus, Reeve (= conspersus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 461, 58

56. Conus daphne, Boivin (= conspersus, var.). Thes.

Suppl., t. 288, f. 630, . . 58

57. Conus cinereus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 467, . . 58

58. Conus Gabrielli, Kiener (= cinereus). Coq. viv.,t. 74,

f. 4, 58

59. Conus straturatus, Sowb. (= cinereus, var.). Thes.

Suppl., t. 286, f. 609, . . 58

60. Conus Bernard!!, Kiener (= cinereus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 474, 58

61. Conus politus, Weink. (= cinereus, var.). Kuster,

Conch. Cab., t. 62, f. 2, 59

62. Conus albosp.ira, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t. 48, f. 4, 59

63. 64. Conus nisus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 470, 471, . 59

65. Conus zebra, Sowb. (= nisus). Thes. Conch., f. 466, . 59

66. Conus Blanfordianus, Crosse ' (= nisus). Jour, de

Conch., 1867, t. 2, f. 1, 59

67. Conus stigmaticus, A. Ad. (== nisus). Thes. Conch., f.

460, 59

68. Conus cocceus, Kiener (= nisus). Coq. viv., t. 107,

f. 1 a, .... ... 59

69. Conus submarginatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 6, 59

70. Conus suturatus, Kiener (= submarginatus). Coq. viv.,

t. 88, f. 1, 60

71. Conus radiatus, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 490, . . 60

72. Conus parius, Reeve (= radiatus). Thes. Conch., f. 473, 60

73. Conus Griibbse, Kiener (= radiatus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 475, 60

74. Conus contusus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl. ,t. 2, f. 276, 60

75. Conus praefectus, Hwass (= ochroleucus, Gmel.).

Reeve, Icon., f. 138, .60

76. Conus iodostoma, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 159, . . 60

77. Conus Lienardi, Crosse and Bern. Thes. Suppl., t. 286,

f. 611, 60

142 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PLATE 19.

FICJURK.

78, 79. Conus Lienardi, Crosse and Bern. Thes. Suppl.,

t. 286, f. 612, 613, ,60

80. Conus Macei, Crosse. Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 621, . 61

81. Conus Timorensis, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. Ill, . 61

82. Conus Janus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 478, . . 61

83. Conus Jickeli, Weink. KUster, Conch. Cab., t. 32, f. 11, 61

84. Conus inscriptus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 164, . . 61

85. Conus Keatii, Sowb. (= inscriptus). Thes. Conch.,

f.479, .61

86. Conus induratus, Reeve (= Erythreeensis). Conch.

Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 268, .

87. Conus piperatus, Reeve (= Erythraeensis). Conch.

Icon., f. 230, 62

88. Conns quadrimaculatus, Sowb. (=Erythrgeensis). Thes.

Conch. Suppl., t. 288, f. 638, . * . .62

89. Conus concinnus, Sowb. (= Erythrseensis). Thes.

Suppl., t. 289, f. 646,

90. Conus puncticulatus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 116, . 62

91. Conus perplexus, Sowb. (= puncticulatus). Thes.

Conch., f. 324, 62

92. Conus pustulatus, Kiener (= puncticulatus). Coq. viv.,

t. 101, f. 2, .62

93. Conus papillosus, Kiener (±= puncticulatus). Coq.

viv., t. 12, f. 4, • . .62

94. Conus pusio, Sowb. (= puncticulatus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 398, 62

95. Conus Duvali, Bern. (= puncticulatus). Jour, de

Conch., 3 ser., ii, t. 13, f. 3, . . . 62

96. Conus Hanleyi, Sowb. (= puncticulatus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 399, 62

97. 98. Conus columba, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 310, 311, 62
99. Conus Metcalfei, Angas (= Angasi, Tryon). Zool.

Proc., 1877, t. 26, f. 13, .... .62

100. Conus Ximenes, Gray (= interruptus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 285, .63

1, 2. Conus mahogani, Reeve (= interruptus). Thes.

Conch., f. 283, 284, .63

PLATE 20.

3. Conus raonilifer, Brod. (== interruptus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 380, .63

4. Conus tornatus, Brod. (== interruptus). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 68 • • .63

5. Conus Philippii, Kiener (= interruptus). Thes. Conch.

f. 412, 63

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 143

FIGURE. PAOK.

6, 7. Conus catus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 277, 278, . 63

8. Conus nigropunctatus, Sowb. (= catus, var.). Thes.

Conch.*, f. 342, . . ... 63

9. Conus Adansoni, Lam. (= catus, var.). Thes. Conch.,

f. 286, .... .... 63

10. Conus eques, Brug. (= catus). Kiener, Iconog., t. 66,

f. 1, 63

11, 12. Conus achatinus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 335, 336, 64

13. Conus superstriatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 282, . 64

14. Conus monachus, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 122 a, 64

15. Conus purpurascens, Brod. Thes. Conch., f. 346, . 64

16. Conus. neglectus, A. Ad. (= purpurascens). Thes.

Conch., f. 404, 64

16 a. Conus Luzonicus, Sowb. (= purpurascens). Thes.

Conch, f. 344, .64

17. Conus regalitatus, Sowb. (== purpurascens, var.). Thes.,

f. 345, 64

18. Conus testudinarius, Mart. Sowb., Thes., f. 348, . 65

19. Conus fulmen, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 351, . . 65

20. Conus tribunus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 10,

f. 2, .59

21. Conus catenatus, Sowb. (=interruptus). Zool. Proc.,

1878, t. 48, f. 3, 63

22. Conus hyaena, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 431, . . 65

23. 24. Conus Guiniacus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 434, 435,. 65

26. Conus Franciscanus, Hwass (= Mediterraneus). Thes.

Conch., f. 315, 66

PLATE 21.

25. Conus Mediterraneus, Hwass, Thes. Conch., f. 437, . 66

27. Conus Bruguieri, Kiener (= Mediterraneus, var). Kien.,

Iconog., t. 56, f. 2, . 66

28. Conus Jamaicensis, Sowb. (= Mediterraneus, var.).

Thes. Conch., f. 439, . 66

29. Conus Tamsianus, Dunker (= Mediterraneus, var.).

Moll. Guin., t. 4, f. 23, .... 66

30. Conus cserulescens, Chemn. (== Mediterraneus, var.).

Thes. Conch., f. 442, 66

31. Conus semulus, Reeve (= Mediterraneus, var.). Conch.

Icon., f. 256 a, 66

32. Conus altispiratus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 4, 66

33. Conus castus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 405, . . 66

34. Conus Madurensis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 237, . . 66

35. Conus Borbonicus, H. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1868, t. 28, f. 1, 67

36. Conus corallinus, Kiener. Iconog., t. 73, f. 2, . 67

144 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

37. Conus inaequalis, Reeve (= corallinus). Conch. Icon.

Suppl., t. 7, f. 270, .67

38. Conus dilectus, Gould. Moll. Wilkes Expl. Exped.,

f. 367, 67

39. Conus nitidus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 401, . . 67

40. Conus aplustre, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 448, . . 67

41. Conus multicatenatus, Sowb. (= aplustre, var.). Thes.

Suppl., f. €34, 67

42. Conus pictus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 98, . . . 68

43. Conus jaspideus, Kiener (= pictus, Reeve). Iconog.,

t. 55, f. 4, 68

44. Conus scitulus, Reeve (= pictus, Reeve). Conch. Ic.

Suppl., t. 9, f. 283, .68

45. Conus pauperculus, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 108, 68

46. Conus lautus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 454, . 68

47. Conus elongatus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 440, . . 68

48. 49. Conus caft'er, Krauss. Sowb., Thes., f. 446, 447, . 68

50. Conus gilvus, Reeve (= caffer). Conch. Icon., Suppl.,

t. 6, f. 255, .68

51. Conus secutor, Crosse (= caffer). Jour, de Conch.,

1865, t. 9, f. 3, .68

PLATE 22.

52. Conus Algoensis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 149, . . 69

53. Conus fucatus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 308, . . 69

54. Conus lachrymosus, Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f.

93, 69

55. Conus anemone, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 340, . . 69

56. Conus maculatus, Sowb. (= anemone). Thes. Conch.,

f. 296 69

57. Conus Novse-Hollandise, Lam. (= anemone). Thes.

Conch,, f. 298, 69

58. Conus Jukesii, Reeve (= anemone). Conch. Icon.

Suppl., t. 2, f. 278, . .69

59. Conus Cabritii, Bern. (= anemone). Thes. Conch.

Suppl., t. 288, f. 632, ... 69

60. Conus compressus, Sowb. (— anemone;. Thes. Suppl.,

t. 286, f. 603, . . . . ' . . . .69

61. Conus anemone, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 339, . ' . 69

62. Conus cocceus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 417, . . 70

63. Conus decrepitus, Kiener (= cocceus). Iconog., Coq.

viv., t. 99, f. 4, 70

64. Conus cerinus. Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 120, . 70

65. Conus Yayssetianus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872, t.

16, f. 1, 70

66. Conus carnalis, Sowb. Zool. Proc , 1878, t. 48, f. 2, . 71

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 145

FIGURE. PAGE.

67. Conus Melvilli, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1878, t. 48, f. 1, . 71

68. Conus Kieneri, Reeve. Conch. Icon., Suppl., t. 9, f.

2826, 71

69. Conus latifasciatus, Sowb. (= Kieneri). Thes., f. 485, 71

70. Conus subulatus, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 4, f.

239, 71

71. Conus Neptunus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 30, . . 72

72. Conus Neptunoides, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t.

48, f. 2, .... .... 72

73. Conus mucronatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 204, . 72

74. Conus alabaster, Ads. and Reeve (= mucronatus).

Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. 257, . .72

PLATE 23.

75. Conus orbitatus, Reeve (= mucronatus, var.). Conch.

Icon., f. 156, 73

76. Conus planiliratus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 1. 73

77. Conus australis, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 486, . '. 73

78. Conus laterculus, Sowb. (= australis). Zool. Proc.,

1870, t. 22, f. 3, .73

79. Conus strigatus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 248, 73
79 a. Conus sulcatus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 30, . . 73

80. Conus undulatus, Sowb. (— sulcatus, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 63, . . " . . . . .74

81. Conus Bocki, Sowb. (= sulcatus, var.). Zool. Proc.,

1881, t. 56, f. 7, 74

82. 83. Conus granifer, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 109, 110, 74

84. Conus exaratus" Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 238, . . 74

85. Conus pulcher, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 121, . . 74

86. Conus sulciferus, A. Ad. Sowb.. Thes., f. 122, . . 74

87. Conus cancellatus, Lam. Reeve, Icon. , . .74

88. Conus praecellens, Ad. (= cancellatus). Thes. Conch,,

f. 371, 74

89. Conus turriculatus, Sowb. (= cancellatus). Thes.

Conch., f. 643, 74

90. Conus aculeiformis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 240, . 75

91. Conus vimineus, Reeve (= aculeiformis). Conch. Ic.

Suppl., t. 7, f. 269, . .... 75

92. Conus gracilis, Sowb. (= aculeiformis). Zool. Proc.,

1875, t. 24, f. 6, 75

93. Conus insculptus, Kiener (= aculeiformis). Coq. viv.,

t. 99, f. 2, 75

94. Conus longurionis, Kiener (= aculeiformis). Coq. viv.,

t. 92, f. 6, 75

95/ Conus Orbignyi, And. Sowb., Thes. f. 368, . . 75
10

14(5 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGK,

96. Conus gemmulatus, Sowb. (= Orbignyi). Zool. Proc.,

1870, t. 22, f. 8, . 75

PLATE 24.

97. Conus crenulatus, Kiener (= armiger, Crosse). Coq.

viv.,t. 109, f. 1,. . . . . . .75

98. Conus arcuatus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 77 6, . . 75

99. Conus undatus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t 94, f. 1, . . 76
100. Conus subaequalis, Sowb. (= undatus). Zool. Proc.,

1870, t. 22, f. 5,. 76

1. Conus Sowerbyi, Kiener (= undatus). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 77 a, 76

2. Conus cingulatus, Lam. (== undatus). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 158, . . . . 76

3. Conus cingulatus, Lam, Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 385, . 76

4. Conus Sinensis, Sowb. (= cingulatus, Lam.). Conch.

Illus., f. 56, .76

5. Conus acutangulus, Hwass. Reeve, Cone. Icon., f. 200, 76

6. Conus Wilmeri, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 5, . 77

7. Conus tenuisulcatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22,

f. 10, ... . ... 77

8. Conus tristis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 252, . , .77

9. Conus Borneensis, Ads. and Reeve. Thes. Conch., f.

389, 77

10. Conus acutimarginatus, Sowb. (= Borneensis). Thes.

Conch. Suppl., f. 640, . 78

11. Conus Lizardensis, Crosse (= Borneensis). Thes.

Conch. Suppl., f. 642, „ . 78

12. Conus verrucosus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 201, . . 78

13. Conus echinulatus, Kiener (= verrucosus). Coq. viv.,

t. 105, f. 2, . . . .78

14. Conus sticticus, A. Ad. (= verrucosus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 137, . . ... 78

15. Conus nodiferus, Kiener (= verrucosus). Coq. viv.,

t. 100, f. 4, . . . -78

16. Conus Mindanus, Hwass (= verrucosus). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 86, ... 78

17. Conus cretaceus, Kiener (= verrucosus). Coq. viv.,

t. 99, f. 1, . 78

18. Conus anaglypticus, Crosse (= verrucosus). Sowb.,

Thes. Suppl., f. 606, 78

19. Conus corrugatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22. f. 7, 78

20. Conus coronatus, Reeve (= papalis, Weink.) Sowb.,

Thes., f. 136, . . . . . . . ,78

21. Conus semisulcatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 13, ^ 79

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 14*7

PLATE 25.

FIGURE. PAOP.

22. Conus Caledonicus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 413, . 79

23. Conus nucleus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl.,t. 3, f. 280, 79

24. 25. Conus luteus,Brod. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 544, 545, 79
26, 27. Conus glans, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f..530, 531, . 79

28. Conus tenuistriatus, Sowb. (= glans). Thes. Conch.,

f. 533, . . . . ...... .79

29. Conus scabriusculus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch.,

f. 543, . .'-... . . . . .80

30. Conus tendineus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 534, . . 80

31. Conus terebra, Born. Sowb., Thes., f. 559, . . 80

32. Conus coelebs, Hinds (= terebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 64, 80

33. Conus Thomasi, Sowb. (= terebra). Zool. Proc., 1881,

t. 56, f. 4 a, . . . . 80

34. Conus Cailliaudi, Kiener. Iconog., Coq. viv.,t. 55, f. 5, 80

35. Conus nussatella, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 533, . .80

36. Conus tenellus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 556, . . 81

37. Conus clavus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 561, . . 81

38. Conus dactylosus, Kiener (= clavus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 536, . . .81

39. Conus circumcisus, Born. Sowb., Thes., f. 562, . . 81

40. Conus Du Saveli, H. Ad. (= circumcisus). Zool. Proc., 81

1872, t. 3, f. 17, . .... 81

41. Conus Brazieri, Sowb. Jour, of Conch., iii, t. 1, f. 9, . 81

42. Conus granulatus, Linn. Tbes. Conch., f. 540, . . 81

43. Conus verulosus, Hwass (= granulatus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 541, . ....... 82

44. Conus coccineus, Gmel. Kiener, Coq. viv.,t. 77, f. 3, . 82

PLATE 26.

45. Conus filamentosus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 482, 82

46. Conus nimbosus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 66, . 82

47. Conus aurisiacus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 501, . . 82

48. Conus Barthelem}ri, Bern. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., ii,

t. l,f. 12, 83

49. 50. Conus c3rlindraceus,Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Icon.,

f. 84 a, 6, . . .83

51. Conus mitratus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100, 83

52. Conus PupaBformis, Sowb. (= mitratus). Zool. Proc.,

1870, t. 22, f. 2, 83

53. Conus crebrisulcatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 321, . 83

54. Conus Traillii, A. Acl. Sowb., Thes., f. 322, . . 83

55. Conus puncturatus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 104, . 83

56. Conus Africanus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 104, f. 2, . 84

57. Conus bulbus, Reeve (= Africanus, var. ). Kiener,

Iconog., t. 78, f. 3, 84

148 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAOB.

58. Conus Dupontii, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Iconog.,

t. 61, f. 2, 84

59. Conns Grayi, Reeve (= Africanus, var.). Conch. Icon.,

f. 258 a, 84

60. Conus obtusus, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Iconog.,

t. 109, f. 3, 84

61. Conus guttatus, Kiener (= Africanus. var.). Iconog.,

t. 105, f. 4, 84

62. Conus variegatus, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Iconog.

t. 106, f. la,
62 a. Conus zebroides, Kiener. Iconog., t. 105, f. 5,

84
84

63. Conus concinnus, Brod. (= concinnulus, Crosse)

Reeve, Icon., f. 153, 85

64. Conus atramentosus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 7,

f. 265, . 85

65. Conus hieroglyphicus, Duel. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 101 a, 85

66. Conus lugubris, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 9,

f. 279, 85

67. Conus striatus, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 557, . 85

68. Conus gubernator, Hwass. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 521, 86

69. Conus terminus, Lam. (= gubernator). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 523, 86

PLATE 27.

1. Conus figulinus, Linn., var. chytreus, Melvill. From

Drawing, 17

2. Conus arenatus, Hwass, var. mesokatharos, Melvill.

From Drawing, ....... 18

3. Conus marchionatus, Hinds, var. eudoxus, Melvill.

From Drawing, 9

4. Conus spiroglossus, Desh. (=- generalis . Sowb., Thes.

Suppl., f. 626, .34

5. Conus tenuis, Sowb. (= mustelinus). Thes. Conch.,

f. 314, 40

6. Conus Ceciliae, Chenu (= mustelinus, var.). Jour, de

Conch., vii, t. 14, f. 9, . . 41

7. Conus inflatus, Sowb. (= conspersus). Conch. 111.,

f. 41, 58

8. Conus interruptus, Brod. Reeve, Icon., f. 125, . . 63

9. Conus comptus, Gould (=purpurascens). Mex. Shells.,

t. 14, f. 23, ... . .64

10. Conus ocalaris, Val. (= arcuatus). Kiener, t. 88, f. ft, 76

11. Conus miles, Linn. Gould, Wilkes Exped., f. 364, . 40

12. Conus miliaris, Hwass. Gould, Wilkes Exped., f. 362, 21

13. Conus Hebrseus, Linn. Quoy, Voy. A stool. , t. 52, f. 5, 20

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 149
PLATE 28.

FIGURE. PAGE.

70. Conus Boivini, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 496, . . 86

71. Conus melancholicus, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 547, . 86

72. Conus rhododendron, Jay. Sowb., Thes., f. 504, . 86

73. Conus floccatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 500, . . 86

74. Conus Magdalenae, Kiener (= floccatus). Iconog., t.

69, f. 4, . ... . 87

75. Conus Julii, Lienard. Jour, de Conch., 1871, t. 1, f. 6, 87

76. Conus floccatus, Kiener (= Julii). Iconog., 1. 106, f. 3, 87

77. Conus bullatus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 550, . . 87

78. Conus cervus, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 548, . . 87

79. Conus Deshayesii, Reeve (== cervus, var.). Sowb.,

Thes. Conch., f. 546, 87

80. Conus tulipa, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 552, . . .87

81. Conus floridus, Sowb. (= tulipa). Thes. Conch., f. 558, 88

82. Conus violaceus. Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 241, . . 88

83. Conus obscurus, Reeve (^ violaceus). Conch. Icon.,

f. 82, 88

84. Conus geographus, Linn. SoWb., Thes., f. 560, . . 88

PLATE 29.

85. Conus intermedius, Reeve (= geographus, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 549, 88

86. Conus aureus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 196, . 88

87. Conus Pauluccise, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f. 3, 89

88. Conus pyramidalis, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 85, f. 1, 89

89. Conus convolutus, Sowb. (= pyramidalisj. Thes., f.

564, 89

90. Conus gloria-maris, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 586, . 89

91. Conus solidus, Sowb. (= retifer, Mke.). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 23 6, 89

92. 93. Conus textile. Linn., Operculum. Jour, de Conch.,

t. 13, f. 2, 1874, 89

94. Conus textile, Linn. Quoy, Toy. Astrol., t. 53, f. 16, . 89

95. Conus vicarius, Lam. (=-. textile). Sowb., Thes., f. 565, 90

96. Conus scriptus, Sowb. (= textile). Thes. Conch., f. 563, 90

97. Conus telatus, Reeve (= textile, var.). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 584, 90

98. Conus tigrinus, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Thes., f. 569, 90

99. Conus verriculum, Reeve (= textile, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 570, 90

PLATE 30.

100. Conus euetrios, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Zool. Proc.,

t. 5, f. 6, 1882, . . . . . .90

150 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

1. Conus archiepiscopus, Hwass (= textile, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 571, 90

2. Conus eanonicus, Hwass ( = textile, var.). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 568, . . ... 90

3. Conus Madagascariensis, Sowb. (== textile, var.). Thes.

Conch., f. 582, 90

4. Conus condensus, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Thes. Suppl.,

t. 287, f. 622, 90

5. Conus legatus, Lam. (= textile, var.). Reeve, Conch.

Icon., f. 85, . 90

6. Conus Victoriae, Reeve (= textile, var.) Conch. Icon.,

f. 202 a, . . ... 91

7. Conus complanatus, Sowb. (= textile, var.) Thes.

Suppl., t. 289, f. 651, . . . . ' . .91

8. Conus Prevosti, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56t f. 3, . 91

9. Conus concatenatus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 110, f. 1, . 91

10. Conus Dalli, Stearns. Cal. Proc., v, t. 1, f, 1, . . 91

11. Conus reticulatus, Sowb. (= lucidus, Mawe). Reeve,

Icon., f. 52, . 91

12. Conus abbas, Hwass. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 575, . 92

13. Conus panniculus, Lam. (= abbas, var.) Sowb.. Thes.,

f.574, 92

14. Conus corbula, Sowb. (= abbas, var.) Thes. Conch.,

f. 573 92

15. Conus Elizre, Kiener. Iconog., t. 64, f. 1 a, . . 92

PLATE 31.

16. 17. Conus crocatus, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 588,

589, 92

18. Conus racemosus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 59, f. 11, 92

19. Conus omaria, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 594, . . 92

20. 21. Conus pennaceus, Born (= omaria). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 599, 600, 93

22. Conus prselatus, Hwass (= omaria). Sowb., Thes., f. 595, 93

23, 24. Conus episcopus, Hwass (== omaria). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 596, 598, 93

25. Conus rubiginosus, Hwass (= omaria). Sowb., Thes.

Conch., f. 590, 93

26. Conus magnificus, Reeve (== omaria). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 592, .93

27. Conus stellatus, Kiener (= omaria). Iconog., t. 99, f. 3, 93

28. Conus colubrinus, Lam. (= omaria). Kiener, Iconog.,

t. 82, f. 3, . . . . . . . .93

29. Conus aulicus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 593, . . 93

30. Conus auratus, Lam. (= aulicus). Thes. Conch. ,f. 591, 93

\v

UNIVERSITY

FAMILY PLEUtiOTOMID^.

Shell fusiform, with a more or less produced anterior canal, and
a slit or sinus of the outer margin of the aperture near the suture.
Operculum (not always present) corneous, annular, the nucleus
apical, or subcentral and nearly marginal.

Animal with widely separated tentacles, the eyes usually at or
near their base ; mantle generally with a sinus on the right margin
corresponding with the sinus of the shell ; siphon long. Denti-
tion : usually there are no central teeth, and the laterals are a
single one on either side of the lingual band (1-0-1) ; but in
some groups there is a central tooth, and in others there are
two laterals. No jaws.

The dentition, however it varies in minor respects, always pre-
serves a resemblance to that of the Conidse, Terebridae and Can-
cellariidae sufficient to include it with these in a great group
Toxoglossa. The teeth are long, usually subulate, supplied with
venom from a large gland (PI. 33, fig. 52).

There is some resemblance in the sinus of the shell between
Conus and the principal groups of Pleurotomidaa ; and even in
form, Genotia is connected, through Conorbis, with Conus. On
the other hand Pusionella seems to form the connecting link
with Terebra, Halia with Cancellaria, etc.

In no other group of mollusks is it so difficult to make a satis-
factory classification as in the Pleurotomidae. The forms are
exceedingly numerous, and known in many species to be very
variable in their characters, whilst the material for the recognition
of most of those described is generally scant}r. Of the figured
species, a very large proportion were described from single or
few specimens, and most cabinets, however large, do not possess
shells which can be certainly identified with these : then there is
an unusually large proportion (amounting to hundreds) of un-
figured species, the recognition of which is simply impossible.

The many generic and subgeneric groups that have been made,

far from enabling us to arrange the species in something like

systematic order, only increase the confusion ; for so great is the

variability of all the characters that nearly allied species have

11 * (151)

152 PLEUBOTOMITD^E.

been constantly separated into different groups ; and of a large
proportion of the species, the proper relationships have not and
cannot be worked out from accessible material. In no other
family of shells have these groups been so hastily proposed or
with so little data upon which to found them ; yet so generally
have they been adopted that to destroy ill-founded groups and
unite the species under the one generic name Pleurotoma, would
cause such a large duplication of specific names, and consequently
so much alteration of these latter, that it appears better, in the
interest of science, to retain some of these genera.

In the " Structural and Systematic Conchology " I have
recorded thirty-three groups, sections or subgenera under the
genus Pleurotoma, and without indicating any difference of rank
or grade among these ; here I shall be compelled to arrange them
into subfamilies, genera, subgenera and sections, supplied with
characters only exhibited by selected typical species, and even
in these of much inferior importance to those upon which similar
divisions are founded in most other families of mollusks. The
three subfamily characters, the presence or absence of an oper-
culum, and the position of the nucleus when the operculum is
present, would be far from having similar rank in many other
families of marine mollusks ; it only needs to refer to the Muricidse,
Tritonidse, etc., where the position of the nucleus is considered
of only subgeneric importance ; to the Buccinidse, in one genus
of which the operculum is indifferently absent or present in the
same species. This character becomes of still less value to us
because the operculum has so seldom been preserved that in
more than half of the species it has neither been figured nor
described ; and because there are no other characters from which
that of the operculum can be predicated.

In " Structural and Systematic Conchology," vol. ii, p. 50,
will be found Dr. Gray's account of the reproduction of a lost
portion of an operculum in Pleurotoma babylonica; the operculum
which normally has an apical nucleus, by this restoration having
concentric lamellae from the middle.

The other systematic characters — the length of the canal,
position of the sinus, surface of the embryonic whorls, sculpture,
etc. — are equally unreliable. It is not surprising that in groups
so vaguely defined the personal equation should be more than

PLEUROTOMIDJE. 153

usually apparent in the classification ; so that in studying a
group of Pleurotoma it is as absolutely necessary to know how
each author who has described species as of that group, compre-
hended its characters, as it is to refer to the diagnosis itself.

The systematic works on the Pleurotomidse are few and very
incomplete. They include the following monographies : —

Kiener, Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, 27 plates, illus-
trating 57 species.

Reeve, Monograph of Pleurotoma. Conchologia Iconica, 369
species.

Reeve, Monog. of Mangilia. Conch. Icon., 11 species.

Weinkauff, in Kiister's Conchylien Cabinet, 172 species. This
work is in course of publication, but no portion of it has ap-
peared for a considerable period.

Dr. Weinkauff has also catalogued the species of some of the
groups in Jahrbiicher der Deutschen Malak. G-esell., iv, 187 7.

The principal classifications of the family are those of —
H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, 88, . 1853
Bellardi, Moll. Tert. du Piemonte, pt. 2, .... 1877
Weinkauff, Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell., iii, 1, . .1876
Tryon, Structural and Systematic Conchology, ii, 183, . 1883
Fischer, Manuel de Conchyliologie, 589, .... 1884

Differing in detail, the three latter are essentially founded upon
that of Messrs. Adams.

Living species of Pleurotomidae are found in all seas ; never-
theless certain groups are restricted in distribution. Pleurotoma
being tropical and subtropical, Bela boreal, etc. The family is
geologically modern, but was very numerously represented in
tertiary beds, particularly those of northern Italy.

FAMILY PLEUROTOMIDJE.

Subfamily Pleurotominx. Operculum oval, with terminal
nucleus.

Subfamily Clavatulinae. Operculum pyriform, with lateral,
internal nucleus.

Subfamity Mangiliinae. No operculum.

154 PLEtJRO'fOMIDjE.

Synopsis of Genera.

I. Pleurotominae.
Genus PLEUROTOMA, Lamarck, 1799.

Shell turriculated, fusiform ; spire long, sharp ; aperture ovate,
the columellar margin smooth, the outer lip with a narrow pro-
found sinus separated rather distantly from the suture ; canal
long and narrow, straight, open.

Animal, foot truncated anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly ; tentacles
cylindrical, with eyes externally near their base; teeth falciform,
angulated (1-0-1). Dentition, PL 33, fig. 54. Generally large
shells variegated with spots. Inhabiting warm seas. Fossil,

tertiary.

Subgenus GEMMULA, Weinkauff, 1875.

Shell spindle-like, canal rather long and narrow, sometimes
curved ; sinus straight, more or less narrow and long, terminating
a nodulous peripheral keel ; embryonal whorls three or four, the
two upper ones smooth, upright, the others longitudinally
ribbed.

Consists of a few species having upright embryonal whorls,
these being inclined in Pleurotoma.

Genus GENOTIA, H. and A. Adams, 1853.

Shell narrowly obconic, cancellated, body-whorl gradually
tapering to a but slightly developed canal ; lip-sinus wide and
shallow; aperture long and narrow, with subparallel margins.
Operculum unguiculate.

Animal resembling Conus.

The name is derived from Genot, by which Adanson called
the type species. W. Coast of Africa.

Pseudotoma, Dolichotoma, Oligotoma and Ronaultia of Bel-
lardi and Cryptoconus, Koenen, are sections containing European
tertiary species. Their characters are not important.

Genus COLUMBARIUM, E. von Martens, 1881.

Shell fusiform, carinated, spiny ; embryonic tip of the spire
globular ; aperture short, oval ; sinus of the lip scarcely indicated
by a slight curve ; canal narrow, very long. W. Australia, China,
Panama. The group is placed here by von Martens on account

PLEUROTOMIIXffi. 155

of the lingual dentition ; conchologically the species belong in
Fusus.

Genus ANCISTROSYRINX,Dall, 1881.

Whorls concave below the suture ; with a wide deep sinus,
bordered externally by an elevated frill directed backwards.
Operculum and dentition not described. Only a single species
known, and its systematic position very uncertain.

Genus DRILLIA, Gray, 1838.

Shell turriculated, with longitudinal ribs, and usually revolving
striae ; last whorl usually short ; spire elevated ; columella with a
posterior callus ; outer lip thick, but not varicose, nor dentate
within, flexuous, with a well-marked posterior sinus near (but not
reaching) the suture, and an anterior constriction or sinuosity ;
canal short, curved, usually narrow.

Principally distinguished from Pleurotoma by the smaller size
and short recurved canal.

Animal with tentacles approaching at their bases and eyes
near their extremities.

Distr. — Warm Seas. Fossil, cretaceous, U. S.; miocene, Eur.
The following, generally regarded as subgenera, will be treated
as sections in this work : —

Section CRASSISPIRA, Swainson, 1840. Shell somewhat clavi-
form, tuberculated ; anterior canal very short ; inner lip with a
thick posterior callus ; outer lip thick within.

Section CONOPLEURA, Hinds, 1844. Shell coniform; aperture
narrow, sinuous ; columellar lip callous , canal very short ; outer
lip sinuous, with a profound lateral sinus.

Section CLAVUS, Montfort, 1810. Tuberculated or spiny;
aperture rather large ; outer lip produced below the sinus.

Section BRACHYTOMA, Swainson, 1840. Shell strombiform ;
columellar lip rather thick ; outer lip ascending and forming a
canal-like sinus near the suture.

Genus SPIROTROPIS, Sars., 1878.

Shell turriculated, rather thin ; apex obtuse ; whorls carinated,
sinus profound, distant from the suture. Operculum normal.
Dentition (PI. 33, fig. 53) very distinct ; formula 1-1-1-1-1.

156 PLEUROTOMIM.

Genus BELA (Leach), Gray, 1847.

Shell usually thin and white, fusiform; spire elongated,
turreted ; canal short, straight, truncated below ; columella
simple, flattened ; lip thin, the sinus absent or barely indicated.
Operculum oval, pyriform, with apical nucleus,

Foot truncated or bilobed in front, drawn out behind ; ten-
tacles cylindrical, rather short, the eyes external at the middle
or three-fourths of their length. Teeth straight ( 1-0-1 ) ; Plate
33, figs. 55, 52.

Distr. — Northern Seas.

The following may be considered sections : —

Section TYPHLOMANGILIA, Sars., 1878. Animal blind.

Section H^EDROPLEURA, Monterosato, 1883. Shell not turricu-
lated, with a few strong longitudinal ribs. Mediterranean.

Section ETALLONIA, Desh., 1862. This eocene group is here
included by Dr. Fischer. I have placed it in the family Aplus-
tridse (S. and S. Conch., ii, 362).

Subgenus BELOMITRA, Fischer, 1882.

Shell elongated, with mammillary apex; aperture oblong;
lip sinuous, slightly concave towards the suture ; columellar lip
with several small but strong plications ; canal short. Operculum
with apical nucleus.

Genus LACHESIS, Risso, 1826.

Shell small, strong, turreted, many-whorled, the last whorl
not very large ; surface sculptured by longitudinal ribs and
revolving striae ; apex mammillated ; aperture oval ; canal very
short, straight, not recurved ; outer lip slightly thickened exter-
nally, crenated within, without apparent sinus. Operculum
unguiculate.

Animal with diverging tentacles, short siphon, and short ovate
foot ; the eyes on stalks connate with, and at half the length of
the tentacles.

I retain the above name, although previously used by Daudin
in reptilia and by Savigny in arachnida. One of its synonyms,
Nessea, Risso, was also used by Lamarck for a genus of Polyps,
and by Leach in Crustacea. On these accounts the group has

PLEUROTOMID.3S, 157

been recently recliristened Donovania. but it appears unneces-
sary to make any change.

Genus BORSONIA, Bellardi, 1846.

Shell fusiform, spire elevated ; canal well-marked ; columella
with one or two strong plications ; sinus of the outer lip not
deep, opening in the infrasutural depression of the body-whorl.

Abyssal zone, West Indies and Brazil. Fossil, tertiary of
Europe and America.

Described from a fossil group having a single coluinellar plait,
but Cordiera, Rouault (=; Scobinella, Conrad), having two
plaits, is usually considered identical, as in examples of some
species one or two plaits appear to be indifferently developed.

II. Cla,vatulinae.
Genus CLAYATULA, Lamarck, 1801.

Shell fusiform, with well-produced spire, the whorls coronated
with tubercles or short spines at the suture; aperture oval;
columellar lip smooth, arcuate, callous behind ; outer lip thin,
arcuated, with the sinus situated below the sutural coronal.
Operculum semioval, the nucleus about the middle, on the inner
side.

Foot large, short, obtuse behind ; eyes placed externally near
the extremity of the tentacles. Dentition : a small unicuspid
central tooth with single sharp laterals (1-1-1).

The species mostly inhabit the west coast of Africa ; they
also occur in the tertiary of Europe.

Subgenus PERRONA, Schumacher, 1817 (Tomella,

Swains., 1840).

Spire carinated or smooth, whorls not tubercular or spinose ;
sinus more or less near the suture.

Subgenus CLIONELLA, Gray, 1847.

Shell narrowly bucciniform, turriculated, whorls somewhat
flattened, longitudinally ribbed, having a thick epidermis ; spire
elevated ; canal scarcely indicated at the broad base of the
aperture ; lip with a small infrasutural sinus. Operculum with
lateral nucleus.

158 PLEUROTOMID^E.

Foot short, broad, rounded behind ; eyes near the tips of the
tentacles. Dentition (1-1-1), PL 33, fig. 58.

Supposed to be a fluviatile species, allied to Melanopsis, which
it superficially resembles, the marine habitat and family relations
of Clionella were first pointed out by Stimpson (Am. Jour. Sci.,
3d ser., xxxviii, 48 ; Am. Jour. Conch., i, 62). He unnecessarily
made a new family, Clionellidse, for it, and for the slightly
different type of dentition proposed Tomoglossata.

Genus PUSIONELLA, Gray, 1847.

Shell fusiform, solid, smooth, shining; whorls numerous ; spire
sharp ; lip without sinus ; canal short, exteriorly carinated at
the base ; columella twisted anteriorly. Operculum with lateral
nucleus.

Eyes at the external bases of the tentacles. W. Coast of
Africa.

The smooth shining whorls and form of the spire resemble
Terebra, but the body-whorl is proportionally larger and wider
than in that genus, and more contracted below, and the spire is
much shorter. Differs from Terebra also in the position of the
eyes, which are terminal in the latter. It may readily be dis-
tinguished from Clavatula by its smooth surface and the absence
of a sinus of the lip.

Genus SURCULA, H. and A. Adams, 1853.

Shell turriculated, fusiform ; spire long ; lip-sinus in the
infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina ; canal long,
slightly bent. Operculum with medio-lateral nucleus.

Animal with eyes at the base of the tentacles. Dentition
(1-0-1), PI. 33, fig. 59.

Distr. — Warm Eastern Seas.

The tertian groups Clinura, Brocchi (Europe), and Surculites,
Conrad (United States), may be here included.

III. Mangiliinse.
Genus MANGILIA, Risso, 1826.

Dedicated to the Italian naturalist, Mangili. Not Mangelia,
as usually written.

Shell fusiform, imperforate ; aperture oval-elongated, usually

PLEUROTOMID^E. 1 5 9

narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated canal ; lip-sinus
near the suture. No operculum.

Foot dilated in front, and attenuated behind ; eyes placed on
peduncles connate with the tentacles, and at about the middle of
the latter, and exterior. Teeth hastiform (1-0-1).

The animal of Mangilia is slow in its movements. It can
sustain itself at the surface of the water, shell downwards. The
oviposit consists of membranous hemispherical capsules, having
a central opening, ordinarily attached to the interior of old
bivalve shells. Each capsule contains from 200 to 300 eggs
(Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv).

The great number of small species, inhabiting all portions of
the globe, which have been referred to Mangilia, may be conve-
niently divided into the following sections ; —

Section MANGILIA (restricted). Shell longitudinally costulate ;
aperture narrow ; lip varicose ; sinus well marked ; canal short.

Section CYTHARA, Schum., 1817 (not Klein, 1753 = Harpa.
Otocheilus, Conr. ; Cytharella, Monteros ; Eucithara, Fischer,
1883). Shell Colnmbelliform, longitudinally costellated ; spire
short ; aperture narrow ; outer lip denticulated within ; colu-
mellar lip striated.

Section CYTHAROPSIS, A. Adams, 1865 (not Citharopsis, Pease
= Columbellidae). Whorls of the spire cancellated ; colurnella
sillonated ; canal curved, elongated.

Section GLYPHOSTOMA, Gabb, 1872. Shell fusiform ; columellar
lip plicated throughout ; outer lip thickened, plicate within ; sinus
profound ; canal long, somewhat bent.

Founded on a West Indian tertiary fossil, but some living
species are referred to the group.

Genus CLATHURELLA, Carpenter, 1857 (Defrancia, Millet,

1826.)

Apex mammillary ; sinus varicose, sutural ; columella tubercu-
lated posterior^, rugose in front ; canal slightly curved. Den-
tition, PL 33, figs. 56, 57. Defrancia was preoccupied by Bronn
for a genus of Polyzoa ; but that is said to be a synonym of
Pelagia, Lamouroux ; so that perhaps it ought to be restored for
the mollusks. Clathurella appears to differ from Mangilia prin-
cipally in its more rounded whorls, and cancellated sculpture.

160 PLEUROTOMID^E.

It is retained as a genus to prevent the duplication of specific
names.

Ditoma and Atoma, Bellardi, are groups found in the Italian
tertiary which may be here referred.

Genus DAPHNELLA, Hinds, 1844.

Shell thin, fragile, oval-fusiform ; whorls convex ; body-whorl
elongated, surface finely cancellated ; aperture oval ; lip simple,
not varicose, arcuated ; canal very short. Warm. Seas.

Small and elegant shells, of slight texture, distinguished by
their elongated body-whorl, tenuity and sculpture.

The following may be considered sections of Daphnella : —

Section RAPHITOMA, Bellardi, 1847. Shell small, fusiform, or
turriculated, with longitudinal sculpture; lip sinuous behind,
but without well-defined sinus. There are a number of tertiary
species.

Section HOMOTOMA, Bellardi, 1875. Whorls canaliculated at
the suture. Tertiary only.

Section TERES, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf., 1882. Shell fusiform ;
spire long ; sinus profound ; columella straight, obliquety trun-
cate at the base.

Section BELLARDIELLA, Fischer, 1883 (Bellardia, Bucq., Dautz.
and Dollf., 1882, non Mayer, 1870). Form lanceolate, similar to
that of the true Pleurotomas ; sinus sutural ; canal rather long.

Section ZAFRA, A. Adams, 1872. Shell acuminately oval,
tumid in the middle ; whorls longitudinally plicate, the last
constricted at the base ; aperture linear ; inner lip effuse, its
margin free; outer lip acute, subsinuous behind, subinflected in
the middle.

Seminella, Pease, which has by some been considered identical
with Zafra, appears to me to be Columbelloid, and I have so
treated it in vol. v of this work.

Section THESBIA, Jeffreys, 1867. Shell thin, rather smooth,
somewhat tumid, with a short spire and irregularly contorted
apex ; aperture slightly expanded, the outer lip thin, with distinct
sinus ; canal short ; columella simple.

Section TARANIS, Jeffreys, 1870. Shell minute, cancellated,
whorls angulated ; slightly exserted at base ; aperture pyriform ;
outer lip thin, simple ; sinus obsolete ; canal short.

PLEUROTOMID^E. 161

Section PLEUROTOMELLA, Yerrill, 1873. Shell somewhat tur-
reted ; apical whorls smooth ; the others shouldered and ribbed,
but with a smootji concave surface above the shoulder ; lip-sinus .
wide, very deep ; canal short. Animal blind.

Section MITROMORPHA, A. Adams, 1865. Shell small, Mitri-
form, with revolving lirse, and sometimes longitudinally plicate;
columella straight, bearing a number of short plicae or teeth
upon it ; lip acute, smooth within, scarcely sinuated posteriorly.
California, Japan.

This group has sometimes been referred to Mitra (see Manual,
iv, 145), but the armament of the columella is not always present,
and when it is, it more resembles a set of small callous deposits
than revolving plicae.

Subgenus APHANITOMA, Bellardi, 1815.

Shell fusiform ; sinus scarcely apparent ; columella nearly
straight, biplicate ; canal rather short, slightly curved. Tertiary
only. Europe.

Genus HALIA, Risso, 1826.

Shell oval-oblong, ventricose, thin, fragile, shining, smooth;
spire obtuse ; aperture oval ; columella truncated at the base ; lip
simple, arcuated, slightly sinuous.

One living species, Atlantic near Cadiz, and N. W. Africa;
fossil, a species in the pliocene of N. Italy.

The classification of this mollusk has a long and interesting
history, which is given with some detail in a paper by Dr. Paul
Fischer, entitled " Monographic du genre Halia Risso (Priamus
Beck)," published in Journal de Conchyl., 2d ser., iii, 141.
There was great uncertainty until within comparatively recent
times, as to its habitat — whether terrestrial or marine, and the
animal remained unknown until 1858. Various ancient authors
classed it successively as a Helix, Buccinum, Bulla, Bulimus,
Achatina (Lamarck), Cochlicopa (Pfeiffer : Helicidaa).

In 1838, Deshayes published the genus Priamus, Beck, and
made it an operculated marine shell between Buccinum and
Struthiolaria ; and since that period and up to 1858 the shell
has been generally classed in the neighborhood of the Strombs
or Buccinidse.

Hermannsen, in 1846, discovered that Priamus was identical

162 PLEUROTOMA.

with a genus described by Risso in 1826, founded upon a
tertiary fossil long known to science as Bulla helicoides, and
which he called Halia.

The animal of Halia possesses a voluminous, much thickened
foot, oval-oblong, rounded at the extremities ; without operculum ;
the mantle is well developed, but thin, its free margin finely
papillary, its left margin partially covering, with a duplicature,
the columella of the shell ; tentacles very large, conical, flattened ;
eyes on the tentacles, at about a quarter of their length from the
base; siphon well developed; dentition (1-0-1), the teeth or
spinules laid diagonally forward from the unarmed central por-
tion, to the margin on either side, and the lingual plate being
very narrow in proportion to its length (PL 33, fig. 51).

The fragility of the shell and its rare occurrence caused
Fischer to suppose that it inhabits the tranquil depths of the
sea, and since his paper the deep-sea explorations have shown
that his surmise was correct. The length of the proboscis, the
slight development of lingual armor, and the long intestinal
canal, indicate an animal phytophagous in habit, or if zoopha-
gous, living upon fragile organisms, or those partly decomposed.

I. Pleurotominse.
Genus PLEUROTOMA, Lam.

Typical.
Pictse. Shell brown-spotted on the revolving ribs.

A. With long, straight canal.
P. BABYLONIA, Linn. PI. 1, figs, a-c, 1, 2 ; PI. 2, fig. 4.

Shell with somewhat angular whorls, caused by the greater
prominence of one of the revolving ribs ; sculpture large revolv-
ing ribs, with intermediate raised lines ; whitish, with large dark
brown or nearly black spots upon the ribs. L. 85, diam. 23 mill.
Philippines, Moluccas, Neiv Guinea, Timor, Mauritius.
In P. spectabilis, Reeve (fig. 2), the canal is shorter, as is also
the lip-sinus, and the shell is more or less distinctly fasciate with
orange-brown, next the sutures, and also upon the lower part of
the body-whorl. The specimens before me indicate a transition
from this to the typical form, so that spectabilis can scarcely
claim varietal rank. P. venusta, Reeve (PI. 2, fig. 4), described

TLEUROTOMA. 163

from a unique specimen in the Cumingian collection, from the
Philippines, is also a synonym.

P. GARNONSII, Reeve. PL 2, fig. 5.

Shell narrower than the preceding species, with narrower and
sharper revolving ribs ; above the sinus these are mostly replaced
by several revolving raised lines ; whitish or yellowish white,
with small brown spots on the principal ribs, larger oblique
brown patches below the sutures, and on the body-whorl near
the top of the canal — the latter are frequently confluent into
a broad, more or less interrupted band. L. 3 inches, diam. '8 inch.
Red Sea, East Africa, Mauritius, Java.

P. babylonia, var. of Kiener = this species.

P. RAFFRAYI, Tapparone-Canefri. P1..1, fig. 3.

Shell spotted at the sutures, otherwise ornamented with longi-
tudinal brown flammules. L. 70, diam. 18 mill.

New Guinea.

The spots on the ribs have, in this form, coalesced into longi-
tudinal stripes. One of my specimens of P. Garnonsii exhibits a
tendency towards this ornamentation, and I do not think that
the present species has much claim to recognition.

P. GRANDIS, Gray. PI. 1, figs." 6, 7.

Whorls not much angulated, with sculpture of many rather
small sharp revolving ribs and intermediate raised lines ;
yellowish white, numerously spotted with chestnut-brown upon
the larger ribs, the spots often coalescing into irregular longi-
tudinal stripes. L. 6 inches, diam. 28 mill.

China Sea, Viti Islands.

P. crispa, Lam. (fig. 6), can only be considered a j^ounger
state of this species, and, of course, has priority of description ;
but Gray's name is so appropriate to the largest species of the
genus, and is so well-known, that it had better remain undis-
turbed.

P. PICTA, Beck. PI. 2, fig. 19 ; PI. 1, fig. 8.

Shell somewhat more carinated than P. grandis, with less
numerous ribs, more sparingly painted with brown spots.
L. 93, diam. 20 mill.

West Coast of Central America, Gulf of California.

164 PLEUROTOMA.

The dimensions are taken from P. Bomber gi, Morch (fig. 8),
which is merely a larger example of P. picta.

P. TIQRINA, Lamarck. PL 2, fig. 10.

Shell with sharply carinated whorls, the carina consisting of
a pair of narrow ribs; whole surface with close, raised revolving
lines, of which two or three below the carina are more prominent ;
whitish, minutely numerously brown-spotted, with usually a row
of larger spots below the suture. L. 65, diam. 20 mill.

Philippines (Cuming), Viti Islands (Garrett).

P. JIOKELII, Weinkauff. PL 2, fig. 11.

Shell less carinated, with more rounded revolving ribs than
the preceding species, with large spots at the sutures and smaller
ones elsewhere, coalescing into longitudinal streaks.

L. 53, diam. 13 mill.

Red Sea.

A species having no strongly marked characters, and perhaps
only a variety of P. Garnonsii, between which and P. tigrina it
appears to form a connecting link in its general appearance —
although there are minor points of difference from both of them.

P. PICTURATA, Weinkauff. PL 2, fig. 12.

Shell bluntly carinated by a pair of approximated revolving
ribs, with numerous smaller but unequal ribs ; white, with chestnut
spots, sometimes coalescing into longitudinal stripes, and a row
of larger spots at the suture ; the canal is much shorter than in
any of the preceding species. L. 43, diam. 12-14 mill.

Indian Ocean.

Confounded by Reeve with P. variegata, Kiener.

P. VARIEGATA, Kiener. PL 2, fig. 13.

Shell scarcely carinated by a single revolving rib, above and
below which are two revolving threads, and then covering the
balance of the body-whorl, alternate small ribs and threads, the
former spotted with chestnut-brown ; canal rather wide, and of
moderate length. L. 82, diam. 22 mill.

Indian Ocean, Philippines, Japan.

Not so sharply keeled, with shorter, wider canal, and wanting
the duplicated keel-rib of P. tigrina ; the want of duplication in

PLEUROTOMA. 165

the keel-rib, and somewhat larger size and proportionally longer
canal will distinguish it from the last species.

P. ALBINA, Lamarck. PI. 2, fig. 14.

Keel-rib flattened, bearing a row of equidistant, somewhat-
quadrangular brown spots, the rest of the surface very minutely
and numerously punctate with brown. L. 58, diam. 15 mill.

Moluccas.

The conspicuous painting on the slit-band, contrasted with
the very minute sprinkling of brown dots elsewhere, is the
distinguishing characteristic of this species.

P. GRACILLIMA, Weinkauff. PL 2, fig. 15.

Shell spirally ribbed, the second rib from the sutures crenu-
lated,the third prominent; white, sparsely maculated with chest-
nut. L. 36, diam. 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Distinguished by its narrow, graceful form, and crenulation.

P. MARMORATA, Lamarck. PI. 2, figs. 16, 16 a, 17.

Shell rather sharply carinate on the shoulder, encircled by
narrow small, sharp ribs and intermediate raised lines; white,
usually thickly maculated in a longitudinal manner with chestnut-
brown, sometimes minutely punctate with chestnut.

L. 75, diam. 21 mill.

Eed Sea, Malacca, Japan, Australia, Polynesia.

The usual appearance of this species is represented by fig. 16 ;
occasionally it is spotted, and sometimes it is entirely devoid
of coloring. P. hastula, Reeve (fig. 17), is the young of this
species.

P. PEASEANA, Bunker. PL 2, fig. 18.

Shell carinate, with a pair of prominent ribs at the suture and
other less prominent ribs and raised lines throughout ; yellowish,
flammulate with brown. L. 25, diam. 7 mill.

Indian Ocean.

A young shell, which may possibly prove to be identical with
P. Garnonsii, Reeve.

P. TJNEDO, Valenciennes. PL 3, fig. 20.

Shell angularly turreted, with concavely sloping shoulders
defined by duplicate granular ribs, forming the angle ; every-

166 PLEUROTOMA.

where encircled by narrow elevated ribs and striae which are
often granular or coarsely decussated by rugose growth-lines ;
white, clouded and spotted with light chestnut.
L. 66, diam. 23 mill.

Indian Ocean, Japan.
P. UNDOSA, Lamarck. PL 3, fig. 21.

Spire long; convex; carinated, narrowly ribbed throughout,
the ribs with intermediate raised lines ; canal short ; white, pro-
fusely maculated longitudinally with chestnut ; aperture purple.

L. 64, diam. 20 mill.

Indian Ocean, Philippines.

The long spire, short canal, profuse maculations and purple
aperture are the principal features.

P. GrUERiNii, Duval. Unidentified. Habitat unknown.

P. LATERCULATA, Sowerby. Unfigured. China Seas.

P. ALBULA, Hutton. Unfigured. New Zealand.

B. With short canal.
P. CINGULIFERA, Lamarck. PL 3, fig. 23.

Shell rather narrow, with very long spire, and short canal,
corded with larger and smaller riblets and raised lines, and very
slightly angulated on each whorl b}" a somewhat larger rib, which
is occasionally bipartite ; growth-striae sharp, sometimes decus-
sating the smaller spiral lines ; whitish, very closely and finely
peppered with chestnut, with chestnut spots on the shoulder-rib.

L. 53, diam. 16 mill.

Red Sea, Philippines, to Sandwich Islands.

P. amicta, E. A. Smith, from the Sandwich Islands, differs
apparently only in the coloring ; it is unfigured.

P. ERYTHR^EA, Jickeli. PL 3, fig. 24.

Revolving riblets more regular, flatter, and proportionally
larger than in the preceding species, chestnut punctations larger
and darker-colored, the line of spots on the second rib from the
suture being particularly conspicuous ; base of aperture violet-
tinted. L. 22, diam. 8 mill.

Red Sea.

Notwithstanding the above distinctive characters, I think this
will prove to be a synonym of P. cingulifera.

PLEUROTOMA. 167

P. ABBREVIATA, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 25.

Shell rather stout, with a prominent shoulder-keel, composed
of two approximate ribs, and less prominent revolving ribs and
lines below it, articulated with dark chestnut; above the keel
concave, with a strong rounded sutural rib, marked by large dark
chestnut spots. L. 33, diam. 12-15 mill.

Red Sea, Mauritius, Philippines, Viti Islands.

P. USTULATA, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 26.

Shell short and stout, with channeled sutures and a carination
composed of a pair of ribs, above and below which the surface is
irregularly lirulate ; pale burnt-brown, with transverse chestnut
spots, and darker spots on the keel. L. 32, diam. 13 mill.

Mauritius.
P. PHELIPINERI, Tenison-Woods. PL 34, fig. 82.

Shell elongately fusiform, ovate, turreted, rather solid, shining,
pale chestnut, at the suture dotted fulvous ; spire conical, a little
longer than the aperture : whorls nine, convex, sloping, angular
above and canaliculate, granular at the angle and sutures ;
spirally lirate and very finely striate lengthwise ; lirae broad,
rounded ; interstices furnished with two or three lirulse ; apex
acute, nucleus smooth, rounded ; aperture widely ovate, labrum
acute, sinus broad and deep, lip reflected, white, throat polished,
canal short, scarcely recurved. The granules at the angle wide
and numerous. L. 34, diam. 15 ; long, apert. 15, lat. 8 mill.

Tasmania.

Figured from a specimen kindly sent by Mr. C. E. Beddome.

P. VIRGINEA, Valenciennes. PL 34, fig. 80.

Shell short, with obtuse canal and spire, with strong revolving
ribs ; whitish, maculated and spotted with chestnut.

Length, 19 mill. Japan (Schrenck).

Peculiar in its stumpy form : it is very different from Clava-
tula virginea, Beck.

Cingulatde.

Shell usually brownish or horn-color, unspotted, with
strong, sharp revolving ribs.

A. With long canal.
P. FAGINA, Ads. and Reeve. PL 3, fig. 22.

Shell dark chestnut-brown, with close, equal revolving ribs and
narrower equal grooves, aperture purple. Length, TO mill.

12 China Sea.

168 PLEUROTOMA.

P. CRYPTORRAPHE, Sowb. PL 3, figs. 30, 31.

Yellowish brown to chestnut-color, with two strong sharp
keels, and smaller revolving lines, aperture frequently tinged
with purple. L. 70, diam. 18 mill. Philippines, Moluccas.

It is the PL bicarinatus of Wood, and P. Woodii of Kiener
(fig. 31). P. elongata, Gray, is possibly the same.

P. YIRGO, Lamarck. PI. 3, fig. 32 ; PI. 4, figs. 34, 35, 43.

Shell ridged and striated, the central ridge forming a carina ;
usually glossy white, but when covered by its epidermis corneous.

L. 100, diam. 28 mill. West Indies.

The above measurement is from an unusual!}7 large specimen
before me. PL Antillarum, Crosse (fig. 34), and P. Jelskii,
Crosse (fig. 35), are younger examples of the same species, the
slight variations shown by the figures being connected with the
type form by the series of specimens before me. P. Gruneri,
Phil. (fig. 43), may also be referred here.

P. INDICA, Deshayes. PI. 6, figs. 82, 80.

Shell very like the preceding species, but less distinctly ridged,
the shoulder-angle being very slight, and the other revolving
ridges very much smaller and closer; 3'rellowish brown, some-
times indistinctly marbled or variegated. L. 80, diam. 22 mill.

' China.

With this species I am compelled to unite P. Deshayesii,
Doumet (fig. 80 J, as I cannot find any good distinctive characters ;
the carinations being merely a little less prominent in the latter.

Reeve identifies with P. Deshayesii, P. elongata, Gray, a shell
described, but not figured, in the Voy. of the Blossom. I can-
not agree to this, as the description indicates a shell similar to
P. cryptorraphe , Sowb.

P. OXYTROPIS, Sowb. PL 4, figs. 38, 39, 37.

Shell horn-colored, with several sharp keels and numerous
spiral raised lines, the upper keel the strongest, angulating the
whorls, the surface concave above it. L. 45, diam. 16 mill.

Panama (to Gulf of California], Japan, China.

P. nobilis, Hinds (fig. 39), and probably the unfigured P. albi-
carinata, Sowb., are synonyms. The keels are lighter-colored
or nearly white on the top, because denuded of epidermis by

PLEUROTOMA. 169

rubbing. P. leucotropis, Adams and Reeve (fig. 37), has no dis-
tinctive characters except its different distribution, and may also
be united with this species. Sowerby reports it from Mauritius,
and its occurrence in tho China Sea is well-established ; on tUe
other hand the west coast of America localities of P. oxytropis
need confirmation.

P. FASCTALIS, Lamarck. PI. 4, fig. 40, 45.

Shell concavety shouldered, forming a somewhat baby Ionic
spire, sharply ridged throughout, the two ridges forming the
shoulder more prominent ; yellowish to brownish, the ridges
dark chestnut. L. 50, diam. 18 mill.

Philippines; Red Sea (Issel).

P. brevicaudata, Reeve (fig. 45), appears to me to be a juvenile
of this species.

P. P^TELIANA, Weinkauff. PL 13, fig. 58.

Whorls ten, slightly excavated above, girdled by prominent
lira? ; light violet brown, bilineated with white ; aperture purple-
brown. Length, 30 mill.

• Habitat unknown.
P. LIRATA, Pease.

Shell fusiform, turreted, keeled all over, keels nearly of the
same size, and almost equidistant, the keel on the middle of the
whorls slightly the largest, the intermediate superfices concave,
interstices between the keels finely striate longitudinally ; sinus
deep; canal short; white, keels spotted with reddish brown.

L. 35, diam. 12 mill. Isl. Oahu.

Is possibly identical with P. Paeteliana, but differs in having
the keels spotted. I have not seen it, and no figure has been
published. The specific name is preoccupied.

B. With short canal.
P. VIOLACEA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 42 ; PL 3, figs. 29, 29 a.

Shell multicarinate, the interstices longitudinally striate ; pale
violaceous or whitish, sometimes indistinctly fasciated with a
darker color above ; columella one- or two-plaited ; outer lip
acute, crenulated, with a slight sinus. L. 24, diani. f mill.
Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Japan, Philippines,

New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia.

170 PLEUROTOMA.

C. B. Adams changed the name of this species to fieevei
because he had previously described a shell under the name of
violacea, but as the latter is a Bela, Hinds' name ma}' stand.
P. vertebrata, E. A. Smith (figs. 29, 29 a), is probably synony-
mous.

P. DECLIVIS, Martens. PL 4, fig. 41.

Shell multicarinate, the carinae stronger and fewer than in the
preceding species ; canal somewhat more produced and narrowed ;
sinus shallow ; columella not plicate ; color light reddish fulvous.

L. 33, diam. 11 mill.

Japan.
P. FILOSA, Marrat.

Shell acuminately turreted ; whorls convex, with numerous
prominent revolving carinae, the interstices narrow, obliquely
longitudinally striated; white, the apex tinged with fuscous;
canal very short ; sinus ample. (No dimensions.)

W. Africa.

A white shell, corded with transverse, thread-like bands. The
Pl.violacea, Hinds, Pl.crispata, Crist, et Jan., and several others
are similarly corded and closely allied shells.

The above is an unfigured species, which I have not seen.

P. RETUSISPIBATA, E. A. Smith.

An unfigured species, L. 7'75, diam. 2'5 mill. Habitat unknown ;
it is said to have for its nearest relative "P. violacea, Hinds,
from which it differs in form somewhat ; the apex is blunter, and
there is but a single nodose liration around the middle of each
whorl, whereas Hinds' species possesses two." Columella with
two minute plications.

P. COGNATA, E. A. Smith.

Unfigured. L. 24, diam. 7 mill. Australia. Differs from P.
violacea, to which it is closely related in color (being luteous
white, purple-tinged towards the apex, the carinae white), in the
number of carinae, twelve, and more produced spire. " It is still
more nearly allied to P. vallata, Gould, from which it differs only
in size and the presence of only one plication on the columella,
whereas P. vallata possesses two. It may be merely the adult
of the latter species."

PLEUROTOMA. 171

P. SPIRALIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 4, fig. 44.

Shell fusiform, pallid brown, cingulated with carinae, of wMeh
there are about twelve on the body-whorl, subequal, interstices
obliquely striate ; aperture narrow, collumella blackish brown ;
canal very short ; outer Up thin, with a large sinus.

L. 11, diam. 3 mill.

WhydaJi, W. Africa.

" This species belongs to the same group as P. violacea,
Hinds." Does it differ from the West African P. filosa of the
same author ?

P. VALLATA, Gould.

Shell small, lanceolate, lurid, with ten shouldered and carinate
whorls, with elevated revolving lines — of which there are ten or
twelve on the body-whorl ; aperture one-third the total length
of the shell, narrow ; outer lip with a profound, wide sinus ;
columella smooth. L. 9, diain. 3 mill.

Near Hong Kong, 10 fathoms, shelly mud (Stimpson).

Unfigured. Said to be allied to P. violacea, and described as
a Drillia.

P. RECIPROCA, Gould.

Shell small, lanceolate, with ten slightly convex whorls bear-
ing revolving carinae, of which there are 4-5 on the spire-whorls,
and 10-12 on the body-whorl; middle carina stronger, inter-
spaces clathrate ; aperture one-fourth the total length, the sinus
broad and deep ; the canal short, wide and twisted.

L. 12, diam. 4 mill.

Ousima (Stimpson).

Much like the preceding ; but the color and relative size of
carinae are different. Unfigured, and unseen by me.

P. JUBATA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 46.

Whorls with several keels, of which the middle one is the
largest, with a beaded row of granules immediately over it ;
yellowish brown. L. 25, diam. 11 mill.

Malacca, China, Australia.

P.acutigemmata,1^. A. Smith, is an unfigured species, locality
unknown. The describer says : " It is with considerable hesita-
tion that I apply a name to this form, on account of its close

172 PLEUROTOMA.

relationship with jubata, Hinds. The chief differences are the
narrower form, larger tubercles and shorter canal." As jubata
is known to vary considerably in the above characters, acuti-
gemmata had better be considered a synonym.

P. EMENDATA, Monterosato. PL 4, fig. 47.

Shell brown, the spire-whorls with three cingulae and two liraa,
the last whorl spirally multicingulate and longitudinally lirulate ;
suture slightly but distinctly incised; aperture white within,
canal short and wide, sinus wide, between the first and second
carina. L. 9, diam. 3 mill.

Mediterranean Sea; Bay of Biscay, at great depths.

Mr. Jeffreys says this species inhabits the Japanese Seas ; if
so, some of the foregoing species will probably refer to it.
Described and figured by Philippi as P. Renieri, Scacchi — an
erroneous identification and name changed by Monterosato, as
above.

P. NIPONICA, E. A. Smith. PI. 3, fig. 27.

Shell light brown, whorls six and a-half, the nucleus large,
globose, glassy, whorls strongly keeled, and concave above,
with two or three fine spiral lirae ; also concave below the carina,
and encircled on the bod3T-whorl by about ten lirae, becoming
finer towards the base, the interstices crossed by elevated,
oblique growth-striae ; slit in the concavity above the principal
carination ; columella a little prominent in the middle and
oblique below ; canal short, scarcely recurved.

L. 7, diam. 2'5 mill.

Japan.

The oblique incremental striae are flexuous and turned to the
right above the carina, and straight, inclined to the left below it.

P. TRIPORCATA, E. A. Smith. PL 3, fig. 28.

Shell pale brown or luteons, the nuclear whorl globular, glassy,
the rest encircled by distinct keels, of which there are three on
those of the spire, more numerous on the body-whorl; the inter-
stices each latticed by three or four revolving lines and incre-
mental striae ; notch deep and wide, above the principal keel.

L. 14, diam. 4*5 mill.

Japan.

GEMMULA. 173

P. DIFFICILIS, Smith. PL 32, fig. 16.

About ten rather coarse spiral line on the last whorl^ the
sinus above the submedian liration; brownish horn-color.
Length, 7 mill.

Japan.
Subgenus GEMMULA, Weinkauff.

P. SPECIOSA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 48.

Shell crenulately carinate or ribbed, the principal carina,
forming the angle of the whorls, corded, with a sloping shoulder
above it ; yellowish white, the ribs ochraceous.

L. 47, diam. 18 mill.

China.
P. CARINATA, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 49.

Shell closety encircled by sharp ribs and intermediate striae,
the slit-band a pair of beaded ribs ; suture channeled ; yellowish
white, chestnut-spotted on the ribs ; fissure wide and deep.

L. 65, diam. 20 mill.

Habitat unknown.

P. Kieneri. Doumet, is a S3monym.

P. GR^FFEI, Weinkauff. PL 4, fig. 50.

Shell brownish, crenulately carinate or cingulate, the ribs
lighter-colored, the median carina stronger, with larger crenula-
tions ; aperture plicate within. L. 20, diam. 6 mill.

Viti Islands.
Doubtfully distinct from the next species.

P. GEMMATA, Hinds. PL 4, figs. 51, 54.

Shell more slender than the preceding species, with a more
prominent noduled keel, and spiral lirulse ; yellowish brown,
the keel usually white, sometimes indistinctly brown-banded
above and below it. L. 26, diam. 7'5 mill.

Eed Sea, Japan, Australia (Brazier),

Viti Islands (Garrett).

Hinds' locality, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, has not
been confirmed. P. monilifera, Pease (fig. 52), is perhaps
somewhat stouter, with shorter spire and canal in the examples
figured by Weinkauff, but from those before me I am convinced
that it passes into the typical gemmata.

P. fusca, Hombron et Jacq. (fig. 53), although figured as of a

GENOTIA.

uniform dark chestnut-color, is nevertheless so close in form
and sculpturing that I think it belongs here ; the Japanese shells
with light-colored keel referred to fusca by Mr. E. A. Smith are
certainly identical with P. gemmata. P. amabilis. Jickeli (fig. 54),
from the Red Sea has a sharper carina than the typical gemmata,
and may possibly rank as a variety.

P. ARMILLATA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 55.

Shell pyramidally ovate, somewhat fusiform, whorls keeled, the
middle keel transversely beaded ; sinus large and deep ; yellowish
white, brown-banded above the keel. L. 19, diam. 8 mill.

Philippines (Cuming), Australia (Brazier).

A stouter, shorter species than P. gemmata, with the tubercles
transverse instead of longitudinal.

Unfigured and Unidentified Species of Pleurotoma.

( The subgeneric group not ascertained.)
P. GRACILLIMA, Carpenter. Bay of Panama.

Described from a single specimen, '83 in. long, in the Cuming
collection. Weinkauff has subsequently used the same specific
name (p. 165).
P. CANDIDA, Jonas. H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 88.

P. SANCTI-JOANNIS, E. A. Smith.
P. NELLIE, E. A. Smith.
P. CEYLONICA, E. A. Smith.
P. ALBOFASCIATA, E. A. Smith.
P. MULTISERIATA, E. A. Smith.

P. ANTIPODUM, E. A. Smith.

Japan.

Mauritius.

Ceylon.

Sandwich Islands.
Ceylon, Persian Gulf,

China Sea.
New Zealand.

Genus GENOTIA, H. and A. Adams.
G. MITR^FORMIS, Wood. PI. 7, figs. 1, 2, 2 a.

Periphery noduled, above it the shoulder is sloping, slightly
concave, with revolving lines, lightly marked ; below the periphery
decussated by close revolving and somewhat curved growth-
lines ; yellowish or orange-brown. L. 42, diam. 13 mill.

W. Africa.

COLUMBARIUM. 175

Var. PAPALIS, Reeve. Figs. 2, 2 a.

Shoulder somewhat flatter, nodules more distinct, as are_the
longitudinal lines or folds, the revolving sculpture scarcely de-
cussating them and sometimes obsolete ; sometimes indistinctly

banded. L. 47, diam. 16 mill.

W. Africa.

This is merely a more rugged larger growth of G. Mitree-
formis, and its best claim to a separate name is that it has borne
one for forty years.

G. LUHDORFI, Lischke. PL 7, fig. 100.

Shell yellowish brown ; shoulder concavely flattened, with a
crenulated margin next the suture, and a tuberculate periphery ;
surface with spiral, white, distant sulci, and incremental striae ;

aperture white. L. 71, diam. 26 mill.

Japan.

The white revolving sulci on the brownish surface are very
distinctive in this species.

G. MITRELLA, Dall. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

G. DIDIMA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. L, 450 fms.

G. ENGONIA, Watson. Off Inosima, Japan.

G. ATRACTOIDES, Watson. Philippines.

The above are all unfigured species, described as Genotiae.

Genus COLUMBARITJM^v'on Martens. 1 % $

Shell fusiform, with the short body-whorl, and long, straight,
narrow, nearly closed canal of the typical Fusus ; no sinus,
except a very slight curve of the margin of the shoulder. Teeth
toxoglossate.

I feel pretty well satisfied, notwithstanding Schacko's discovery
of toxoglossate dentition in this group, that I was correct in
placing the typical species in Fusus ; nevertheless I introduce it
again here, partly in order to dispose of a form described by von
Martens and which was published since the issue of the third
volume of the " Manual."

C. PAGODA, Lesson. Manual, vol. iii, p. 51, t. 32, f. 86. This

volume, PI. 7, figs. 98, 97, 99.

Fusus Japonicus, Gray, Fusus diadema (Lesson), Sowerby
(PI. 7, fig. 98), and Pleurotoma cedo-nulli, Reeve (fig. 97), are

176 ANCISTROSYRTNX, DRILLIA.

synonyms. The latter is probably erroneously assigned to
Panama, on Cuming's authority ; it is evidently a young shell, and
that Reeve should have placed it in Pleurotoma is suggestive.

Japan.
Yar. SPINICINCTA, von Martens. Fig. 99.

Chestnut-brown, surface rougher, whorls 9, instead of 7-8,
spines longer, more numerous, with oblique rows of short spines
upon the canal. L. 67, diam. (without the spines) 14*5 mill.

W. Australia.

Genus ANCISTROSYRINX, Dall, 1881.

Shell with the posterior surface of the whorls concave, with
a broad deep sinus, bordered externally by a pectinated elevated
frill, directed backwards.

A. ELEGANS, Dall.

Shell with the canal about the same length as the spire, acutely
tapering before and behind ; white ; whorls nine, of which two
are embryonic ; aperture very long and narrow ; anterior surface
of the whorls everywhere sculptured with even uniform spiral
rows of rounded nodules beautifully reticulated by the lines of
growth ; one row about the middle of the whorl slightly elevated
above the others ; carina fringed with delicate triangular points ;
posterior surface of the whorls, except for lines of growth,
smooth, with one row of nodules just inside the carina; canal
straight, columella not thickened, but somewhat twisted anteri-
orly, outer lip sharply angulated by the carina.

L. 27 mill., of which 12 mill, are behind the carinal notch ;
max. width, 12 mill. ; width of aperture, 4 mill. Defl. 45°.

Florida Reefs (Pourtales) ; off Havana (Agassiz).

Unfigured.

Genus DRILLIA, Gray.

Section BRACHYSTOMA, Swain son.

A. Alatae.

^

D. STROMBOIDES, Sowerby. PI. 10, fig. 58.

Shell with a sutural band, and oblique longitudinal ribs below
the periphery, sculptured by revolving lines, which are some-
what granular towards the base of the body-whorl ; aperture

DRILLIA, 177

somewhat winged ; light yellowish brown, sometimes with a pale
band. L. 26,;diam. 9'5 mill.

Bay of Panama ; five fathoms mud (Cuming).

D. CASTANEA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 18 ; PL 34, fig. 87.

Chestnut-brown ; longitudinally plicate, crossed by revolving
lines ; outer lip somewhat winged. L. 17, diam. 8 mill.

Moluccas (WeinkaufF).

Reeve's figure (fig. 18) is of a specimen not adult ; I add one
from Weinkauff (fig. 87), which scarcely looks like the same
species.

D. BICANALIFERA, Sowb. PI. 12, fig. 27.

Shell with whorls concave and smooth above the periphery,
which is angulated, longitudinally ribbed below, ribs small,
granular, crossed by revolving striae; lip somewhat winged, with
a broad, rounded posterior sinus and a small anterior one ; light
yellowish brown. Length, 20 mill.

Bay of Monti j a, W. Coast of Central America (Cuming).

D. FLAVIDULA, Lam. PL 10, figs. 56, 57.

Rather thin, turreted, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, crossed
by revolving lines ; yellowish white to brown, the lighter-colored
specimens sometimes indistinctly broadly fasciated with brown.

L. 65, diam. 20 mill.

Red Sea, China, Japan.

D. zonata, Gray (fig. 57), is a synonym.

D. JEFFREYSII, E. A. Smith.

Subturreted ; whorls thirteen, concave above, convex below,
with oblique ribs and revolving lines ; luteous, with maculations
and dots of purplish brown. L. 37, diam. 11 mill.

Japan.

Allied to D. flavidula, but has a shorter aperture, broader
canal, and distinct spiral striation upon the concave upper por-
tion of the whorls. Unfigured.

D. LATISINUATA, E. A. Smith.

Shell fusiform and turreted ; whorls twelve, excavated above,
carinated and angulated in the middle, below the angle obliquely
plicated ; yellowish brown, with white revolving lirse ; canal
moderately long, slightly curved. L. 50, diam. 35 mill. China.

178 DRILL! A.

Allied to D.flavidula, Lam. Upper half of each whorl nearly
smooth, as the plications extend scarcely beyond the central
large spiral liration which marks the angulation of the whorls.
Sometimes, this lira being double, the whorls are less acutely
angular. Unfigured.

D. STOLIDA, Hinds. PI. 10, fig. 61.

Fusiform, smooth, olive- or horn-brown; whorls depressed
above the periphery, below it with short, whitish tubercular
ribs ; lip sharp, with broad sinus. L. 41, diam, 15 mill.

Ayulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope.

D. CRENULARIS, Lamarck. PL 10, figs. 64, 63, 66, 69 ; PL 32,
fig. 38.

Abbreviately fusiform, upper portion of whorls slightly con-
cave, periphery with the terminations of somewhat distant
rounded ribs, separated by about equal interspaces, marked
below the periphery by revolving lines, and intermediate fine
striae ; canal very short ; yellowish brown, with sometimes an
obscure chestnut superior band, occasionally maculated with
chestnut. L. 40, diam. 14 mill.

Tranquebar, Bombay, Singapore, Australia.

Reeve's figure (fig. 64) is not very characteristic, being taken
from a very narrow, worn specimen ; his D. Tayloriana (fig. 69)
is a better representative of this narrow form. The typical
crenularis is well represented by Weinkauff (fig. 38), and with
it may be united D. Sumatrensis, Petit (fig. 63), and D. Griffithii,
Gray (fig. 66).

The species of this group are not readily distinguishable ; the
last-named form, for example, connecting closely with D. Strom-
boides, Sowb.

D. MAJOR, Gray. PL 9, fig. 52.

Somewhat fusiform, dark brown, transversely marked with
white lines ; whorls nodulated in the middle, nodules white ;
aperture oblong, canal a little recurved. L. 43, diam. 19 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The figure indicates a species very distinct in form and
coloring, yet Reeve says of it : " Very closely allied to the PL
Griffithii ; indeed some authors would account ft to be a variety
of that species." Weinkauff makes it a synonym of D. flavidula.

DRILLIA. 179

D. GIBBOSA, Born. PI. 9, fig. 54.

Yellowish white or brownish, usually interruptedly broad-_
banded above and below the middle of the last whorl ; spire
turreted, the whorls with a sutural cord, and smooth, slightly
concave shoulder, the periphery nodulous with the terminations
of oblique, longitudinal ribs, which are crossed by strong
revolving lines ; labium with a very strong projecting superior
callus ; outer lip winged, with a second small sinus indicated
towards the base. L. 60, diam. 20 mill. West Indies.

Allied to D. flavidula, but heavier, with shorter canal, and
usually differently colored in having the pair of more or less
interrupted, and mostly faint-colored bands.

D. ALABASTER, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 78.

Shell turreted, snowy white, sometimes faintly rose-tinged;
longitudinally ribbed, with very fine revolving grooves and
striae ; somewhat depressed next the suture ; sinus broad.

Length, 30 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Darnley 7., Australia (Brazier).

The sculpture is exceedingly delicate, the cross-grooves
looking as if they had been graved with an etching point.

D. UMBILTCATA, Gray. PI. 11, figs. 82, 91 ; PI. 8, fig. 24 ; PI. 30,
fig. 78.

Shell light yellowish brown or yellowish white ; with promi-
nent, distant ribs, forming a strongly tuberculate shoulder, and
revolving striae ; sinus produced upwards ; inner lip thickened
below, forming with the axis a false umbilicus.

Length, 1*2 inches.

Sierra Leone (Gray) ; West Indies (Swift).

Z). Dunkeri, Weinkauff (PI. 8, fig. 24 , is an immature example
of this species. D. Saulcydiana, Recluz (fig. 91), varies a little
in sometimes possessing a broad indistinct central band of light
chestnut ; the shells are adult, although not so large as the type.
Of its identity with D. umbilicata there can be no question.

D. ROSACEA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 51.

Longitudinally closely ribbed, with fine revolving striae, con-
cave and smooth above the periphery ; canal very short, sinus
broad and large ; rose-colored throughout. Length, 20 mill.

W. Coast of Africa (Maltzan).

180 DRTLLIA.

D. CAGAYANENSIS, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 79.

Spire acuminated, whorls strongly angulated at the periphery,
ribbed below, the ribs crossed by revolving striae, forming low
tubercles ; sinus wide, ascending ; white. Length, 18 mill.

Philippines (Cuming).

Is very probably identical with D. alabaster, Reeve.

D. VARIABILIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 11, figs. 81, 92.

Yellowish brown, sometimes irregularly maculated with
chestnut, with chestnut spots on a narrow band below the
suture; spire long, turreted ; slightly umbilic.ated ; sinus large,
ascending. Length, 1*25 inches. Andaman Islands.

The spire is longer and the color different from D. alabaster,
Reeve, but it is very likely a variety of that species.

D. ROBUSTA, Hinds. PL 11, fig. 10.

Whorls strongly turreted, the spire exserted, periphery angu-
lated and nodulous, with fine revolving striae ; sinus large, pro-
duced; yellowish white. Length, 15 'inch.

Hong Kong, China, sandy mud, 4-7 fms. (Hinds).

D. SINUOSA, Gray. PI. 13, fig. 45.

Shell solid, turreted, with a few prominent longitudinal ribs
terminating at the periphery, crossed by close, strong striae ;
aperture broadly cut out below, with up proper canal ; sinus
large, ascending. White, or brownish with white ribs, or whitish
indistinctly maculated or centrally banded with light brown.

Length, -75 inch. Habitat unknown.

D. UNIMACTJLATA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 59.

Shell less solid than D. gibbosa, without sutural band or spiral
striae, the knobs on the periphery rather short, instead of
terminating ribs as in D. gibbosa; yellowish brown, spotted with
chestnut, one large spot on the back of the body-whorl.

L. 38, diam. 13 mill. Panama.

Yer}r doubtfully admitted as a distinct species from D. gibbosa.

D. SOWERBYI, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 67.

Turreted, with a nodulous sutural band and nodulous periphery,
the latter terminating longitudinal oblique ribs, which are sharply
decussated by revolving sculpture ; chestnut-brown.

L. 44, diam. 14 mill. China ?

DRILLIA. 181

This is possibly only a dark-colored, strongly sculptured D.
gibbosa. It is P. turricula, Sowb., not Montagu, and P. cor^
rugataj Sowb., not Kiener.

D. MAURA, Sowerby. PL 10, fig. 70 ; PL 32, fig 43.

Shell dark chocolate-color, with oblique longitudinal ribs ;
nodulous at the crossing of raised revolving lines.

L. 48, diam. 13 mill.

West Columbia (Cuming).

D duplicata, Weinkauff (not Sowerby) (PL 32, fig. 43), is a
synonym.

D. MiLiTARis, Hinds. PL 10, fig. 74.

Acuminately turreted, yellowish white, sometimes stained with
brown ; whorls decussated with nodulous longitudinal ridges,
and spiral striae ; upper part of the whorls concave, edged with
a slightly nodulous keel. L. 43, diam. 12 mill.

Veragua, W. Coast of America.

I am not acquainted with this species, but think it probable
that it is only a light-colored variety of the preceding one.

D. LANCEOLATA, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 65 ; PL 32, fig. 44.

Shell orange-brown, the tubercles lighter-colored ; spiral
striae stronger towards the base of the body-whorl.

Length, 53 mill.

Japan.

Reeve's figure being from a poor and broken specimen, I add
a much finer one from von Martens (fig. 44). It may be distin-
guished from its allies mainly by the narrower form.

D. INTERRUPTA, Lamarck. PL 10, figs. 68, 76.

Sharply turreted, longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated ;
yellowish brown, the ribs reddish brown. Length, 30 mill.

Japan.

D. seminifera, Gould (fig. 76), is a synonym.

D. DALLI, Yerrill and Smith. PL 13, fig. 61.

Color brown of various tints, often deep brown, with one or
two spiral bands of yellowish brown, and with streaks of light
brown, or the ribs may be pale yellowish brown, aperture brown
within, columella whitish in front ; notch deep a little below the

182 DRILL! A.

suture, usually constricted or almost closed at the edge of the
lip, but broadly rounded at the extremity. Length, 19'5 mill.
Martha's Vineyard, 94 to 146 fms. ;

off Delaware Bay, 104 fms.

Animal and operculum not observed ; the generic position is
therefore very uncertain. It is described simply as a Pleu-
rotoma.

Un figured Species.
D. PYRBH A, Watson. (Related to lanceolata, but more stumpy.)

Japan.
D. STERRHA, Watson. N. Australia.

B. Pusionellseformes.

These shells are very like Pusionella in form, but differ in the
surface and in possessing the normal operculum of Pleurotoma ;
they differ also from the typical Drillise in wanting the callus
deposit on the upper portion of the labium. Any one who is
fond of minute divisions of the genera has here a chance to
distinguish himself by instituting a new subgenus.

D. INERMIS, Hinds. PI. 12, figs. 43, 40 ; PL 32, fig. 42.

Pinkish ash-colored under a light olivaceous epidermis, the

lines of growth, which are sometimes rib-like, oblique and angu-

lated at the periphery and lighter-colored, so that the interspaces

appear like angulated lines of chestnut or reddish narrow stripes ;

Nwhole surface covered by close revolving incised lines.

L. 38, diam. 13 mill.

Southern California, L. California.

D. penicillata, Carpenter (fig. 40), described from beach-worn
specimens, ha\ing the same general form as the above, as well
as its peculiar coloring, was supposed to differ principally in
having stronger and fewer plications. I can find no good char-
acters by which to distinguish it. The shell which Weinkauff
figures for D. inermis is not that species.

D. INCISA, Carpenter. PL 12, fig. 41.

Shell in general form like the preceding species, but smaller,
the whorls somewhat more rounded ; cinereous, with reddish
chestnut revolving lines. L. 1-13, diam. -4 in. Puget's Sound.

DRILLIA. 183

D. CANCELLATA, Carpenter.

Shell like a young incisa in form, the spire decorticated, four"
planate whorls remaining, suture distinct, with about twenty
small longitudinal ribs crossed by close revolving striae, cancel-
lating the surface, and sometimes the intersections subnodulous.

Puget's Sound.

Two specimens found. I an not acquainted with the species ;
it has not been figured.

D. EBURNEA, Carpenter.

Shell turreted, pinkish white, rather thin, smooth, shining;
spire decollated ; nine normal whorls remaining, planate above,
appressed above the sutures and medianly concave, with here
and there obsolete irregular longitudinal ribs, base prolonged,
with a conspicuous, open canal. L. 1-3, diam. -45 mill.

Near Gulf of California.

Easily recognized by its smooth, glossy aspect and French-
white color ; the notch lying along a broad spiral channel, which
throws the junction of the whorl as it were up the suture. Un-
figured and unknown to me.

D. M(ESTA, Carpenter. PI. 12, fig. 38.

Shell dark brown under an olivaceous epidermis, with about
ten curved longitudinal ribs, obsoletely nodulous on the
periphery, with the whorls usually slightly constricted above it,
ribs generally obsolete on the body-whorl of adult specimens ;
suture narrowly corded, noduled and spotted ; aperture choco-
late within. L. 30, diam. 10 mill.

Southern California, Lower California.

D. TOROSA, Carpenter. PL 14, fig. 93.

Whorls with angulated shoulder bearing nodulous termina-
tions of about ten short oblique ribs, no spiral sculpture ; burnt-
brown, under an olivaceous epidermis ; nodules whitish, aperture
brown. L. -95, diam. '3 inch.

Southern California.
Yar. AURANTIA, Carpenter.

Shell orange-colored, sometimes spirally striate.
L. -6, diam. -28 inch.
13

184 DRILLIA.

D. EROSA, Schrenck. PI. 12, fig. 39.

Shell longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated, a narrow
band at the suture « brown, with sometimes a darker band at the
suture and another at the base. L. 17, diam. 6 mill.

Gulf of Tartary, Japan.

D. IMP AGES, Adams and Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 73.

Shell flexuously, narrowly ribbed or plicate, the plicae extend-
ing to the suture, but not prominent ; yellowish brown.

Length, 36 mill.

China Sea.

This species has not been recognized by any conchologist
subsequent to its publication in the Voyage of the Samarang ;
it is more like Clionella than any other of the group.

D. NOV^E-ZELANDI^I, Reeve. PL 12, figs. 44, 42.

Shell spirally sulcate and longitudinally striate, the suture
slightly impressed, marginate and subcrenulate ; sinus rather
broad and shallow ; rose-ash color, purple-rose within the aper-
ture. Length, 1 inch.

New Zealand.

First described by Quoy under the name of rosea (fig. 42) —
preoccupied by Sowerby, changed by Deshayes to Quoyi, pre-
occupied by Desmoulins.

D. DIGNA, E. A. Smith.

Shell ovately fusiform, bluish ash under a thin light olivaceous
epidermis ; whorls nine, slightly convex, with 13-14 oblique
longitudinal ribs, forming nodules on the periphery ; aperture
brown, bifasciate with white, the lip thin, white-margined, with
a small sinus ; columella callous towards the base ; canal rather

short and wide. L. 26, diam. 9 mill.

California.

I am not acquainted with this species ; it is unfigured.

D. MONTEREYENSIS, Stearns. PL 12, fig. 30.

Shell similar in form to D. torosa, but smaller, the longitudinal
nodules and short ribs number 14 to 15 on each whorl, with
rather coarse inconspicuous revolving striae, there are also
indistinct puckerings at the suture of the spire-whorls ; dark

DRILLIA. 185

brown, the ribs rubbed white ; canal short, sinus of outer lip
moderate, rather broadly rounded. L. IT, diam. 6 mill.

Monterey, Cal.

Described from a single specimen. I have not seen it, but
judging by the description and figure, it differs from D. torosa
principally in the greater number of ribs.

D. HEMPHILLI, Stearns. PL 13, fig. 49.

Shell small, slender, polished, with a long spire and short
aperture terminating in a short, broad, open canal ; horn-colored ;
there are inconspicuous longitudinal ribs on the spire, which
are obsolete on the body-whorl, and an impressed sutural line.

L. 6*5, diam. 2*3 inches.

Todos Santos Bay, L. California.

Section CLAVUS, Montfort.

Distinguished by the short, turreted form, broad base, appear-
ing truncated below, tuberculated periphery and want of spiral
sculpture.

D. ECHINATA, Lam. PI. 9, fig. 31.

Shell whitish, with chestnut longitudinal streaks, forming
bands interrupted by the ribs, often chestnut-spotted between
the tubercles. Length, 2 inches. W. Coast of Africa.

D. AURICULIFERA, Lam. PL 8, fig. 25.

Shell white, with a broad chestnut band below the periphery ;
tuberculations of the periphery often long, spinose ; usually a
revolving row of nodules below the middle of the body-whorl.

Length, 1 inch. Philippines.

According to Desires this is the Strombus lividus, Linn., but
the identification remains doubtful.

D. EXASPERATA, Reeve. PL 8, fig. 26.

Shell resembling D. auriculifera in general form and coloring,
but the tuberculations on the periphery are short and more
numerous ; the shell is also usually heavier. Length, 21 mill.

Mauritius (Robillard).
D. UNIZONALIS, Lamarck. PL 9, figs. 38, 33, 34, 30 ; PL 32, fig. 48.

Shell nodosely plicate, smooth, or with a few close revolving
lines at the base ; whitish or yellowish white, the body-whorl

186 DRILL! A.

below the periphery chocolate, sometimes with a white band at
the base ; interior chocolate, with an irregular white superior
band. Length, 22 mill.

Viti Islands, Philippines.

The synonyms are D. vidualoides, Garrett (fig. 33), including
the larger specimens, usually completely chocolate below the
periphery; D. vidua, Reeve (= nigrozonata, Weink., fig. 34),
in which there is an inferior row of very small tubercles, more
or less apparent. D. vidua, Hinds (fig. 30), which Dr. Weinkauff
considers a distinct species and refers to the Yoy. Sulphur, 60,
t. 6, f. 6, for description and figure, is not to be found in that
work, and does not differ from the vidua of Reeve. I am inclined
to think P. Beckii of Weinkauff (PI. 32, fig. 48) belongs here,
whatever may be said of the very obscure species figured by
Reeve under that name.

D. BECKII, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 40.

Shell oblong, cylindrically attenuated, sharp at the apex ; six-
angled, whorls longitudinally tuberculated at the angles ; the
entire shell olive-brown except the tubercles, which are white ;
columella and interior of the mouth brown ; canal very short.

Length, 22 mill.

J. Luzon, Philippines.

If Reeve's figure of this shell is correct, Dr. Weinkauff 's iden-
tification of it (see D. unizonalis, above) must be erroneous.

D. PULCHELLA, Reeve. PL 9, figs. 28, 29.

Pink, with a chestnut band below the periphery, and a chestnut
line, interrupted by the tubercles. Length, 21 mill.

Mauritius, Philippines, Cook's Islands.

I think D. bilineata, Reeve (fig. 29), is identical; it appears
to differ only in the tuberculations being less sharp and the
color not so bright, with a brownish tinge. No locality is given
for D.pulchella in the original description.

D. UETA, Hinds. PL 9, fig. 32 ; PL 11, fig. 87.

Shell smooth, polished ; whorls with a strongly tuberculated
shoulder, the body-whorl with a second inferior row of small,
sometimes obsolete tubercles; white, banded with brown, the
band often more or less interrupted. Length, 9-17 mill.

Sts. of Macassar, New Guinea, Viti Islands.

DRILLIA. 1 87

D. formosa, Reeve (PI. 11, fig. 87, double natural size),
appears to be identical ; it comes from the Philippine Islands.

D. HEXAGONA, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 35.

Shell sharply pyramidal, reddish brown, whorls hexagonal,
very finely striated, ribbed-tuberculated, the ribs six on each
whorl ; sinus broad. Length, 23 mill.

Guacomayo, Central America (Cuming).

Dr. WeinkaurT's figure of this species is not at all character-
istic, and resembles D. Beckii, Reeve.

D. POLYGONALIS, Weinkauff. PI. 9, fig. 45.

Whorls nine, contracted above, convex on the middle, with
longitudinal, curved nodulose ribs ; white, with a chestnut band ;
canal very short, broadly emarginate at the base.

Length, 14 mill. Zanzibar.

Said to resemble closely D, unizonalis, but to be much'smaller
and more slender, with more numerous whorls.

D. ANGASI, Crosse. PL 9, figs. 37, 36,

Shell brownish olivaceous, whorls about nine, the embryonal
whorls smooth, the others with from seven to ten short longitu-
dinal costse forming a tuberculated shoulder, surface often with
minute revolving striae ; aperture chestnut-brown.

Length, 11-13 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia; Tasmania.

Having received this species from several collectors and con-
chologists I find considerable variation in the number of ribs
and in the proportions of the shell, some having a longer spire
and narrower form even than the figure of D. Angasi, whilst
others are short and stout, as in the form called by Crosse D.
Beraudiana (fig. 36) ; sometimes there is a brown band below
the middle of the body-whorl.

D. MEDIOCRIS, Deshayes. PI. 9, fig. 41.

Whorls eleven, nodosely plicate in the middle, the body-whorl
with revolving striae towards the base ; flesh-brown, with a cen-
tral interrupted narrow chestnut band, base broadty chestnut-
banded. Length, 11 mill.

Isl. of Bourbon.

Described from a single specimen — which I have not seen.

188 DR1LLIA.

D. EXIGUA, Hombr. et Jacq. PI. 9, fig. 39.

Shell not adult, composed of seven whorls, brownish, with
distant, large white tubercles on the periphery. Length, 10 mill.

Torres Sts., Australia.

Described from a single specimen. It may be a young shell
of the stumpy form of D. Angasi, Orosse.

D. VITTATA, Reeve. PI, 9, fig. 44.

Whorls slightly concave above the periphery, which is tuber-
culate, with two or three inferior rows of smaller tubercles ;
yellowish white, with a chestnut band occupying the shoulder
of the whorls. Length, 15 mill.

Philippines (E. A. Smith).

Mr. Smith changed the name to P. exquisita, on account of
Mangilia vittata, Hinds ; but as Mangilia is generally regarded
as a distinct genus from Drillia, there is no occasion for this.

D. COCCINATA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 54 ; PI. 30, fig. 85.

Whorls smooth or obsoletely striate, concave around the upper
part, plicately nodose on the periphery ; pink-white, stained with
rose-color between the nodules, and sometimes below them,
occasionally faintly banded with rose on the lower part of the
body-whorl. Length, 12-15 mill.

West Indies.

Occasionally the color varies to a pinkish brown, and I have
before me a pure white variety from Yucatan. D. pulchella,
Reeve (p. 186), is very closely allied. D. Isevisulcata, Maltzan
(PI. 30, fig. 85), from West Africa, agrees with this species
except in its color, which is bluish gray. As only dead shells
Vere found in mud, they. were possibly discolored. D. rosolina,
Marrat (unfigured), described below, also needs to be compared
with coccmata.

D. EBUR, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 56.

Shell white, strongly nodulosely plicate, obsoletely spirally
striate; pure white. Length, 17 mill.

West Indies.

Described by Reeve from specimens in the Cumingian col-
lection, without locality. Some of these are before me, and on
comparison with shells from St. Thomas and St. Croix, W. I.,
show no differential characters. The nearest species is D.

DRILLIA. 189

coccinata, but that shell is more numerously ribbed and more
slender.

D. THEA, Dall. PL 34, fig. 1.

"Whorls eight, ashy olivaceous, covered with a shiny very
thin epidermis, claret-brown within the aperture; with eleven
short, oblique, slightly curved ribs, more prominent on the
periphery and fading away above it; with evanescent spiral
strife, not always visible, and some stronger raised threads
towards the base. Length, 15 mill.

tfarasota Bay, W. Coast of Florida,

on mud-flats between tides (Hemphill).

D. IMPRESSA, Hinds. PL 13, fig. 53, magnified.

Tuberculately ribbed, ribs oblique, interstices transversely
striated, back of the last whorl smooth; pale flesh-color, ribs
whitish ; outer lip a little expanded. Length, 9 mill.

W, Coast Central America.

A species having no very distinctive characters.

D. PUDICA, Hinds. PL 13, fig. 55.

Whorls shortly obliquely ribbed, the ribs obsolete on the
back of the last whorl, depressed below the sutures ; yellowish
brown, with a deep reddish chestnut spot on the back of the
body-whorl; canal rather long. Length, 13 mill.

West Coast of Central America (Hinds).

D. FUCATA, Reeve. PL 11, figs. 86, 93.

Shell obsoletely channeled above the periphery — which is not
prominently angulated ; longitudinal ribs numerous, rounded,
not prominent, not interrupted on the periphery but continuous
to the suture; sometimes obsoletely spirally striated ; back of
body-whorl with a peculiar hump or longitudinal varix ; yellow-
ish white, banded and maculated with yellowish or orange-brown.

Length, 21 mill. West Indies.

D. paria, Reeve (fig. 93), is a synonym ; the characteristic
broad faint yellowish band is mentioned in the description,
although not well indicated in the figure.

D. REGULARIS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 52 (fig. 1J nat. size).

Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate ; whorls concave round the

190 DRILLTA.

upper part, obliquely regularly ribbed ; sinus broad ; yellowish
white. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown,
D. ROSEA, Sowb. PI. 10, fig. 62.

Strongly plicately noduled, concave around the upper part of
the whorls ; outer lip somewhat wing-like, with a deep posterior
sinus and a slight anterior one ; pinkish brown, aperture rosy.

Length, 26 mill.

W. Coast of Central America,
D. ROSOLINA, Marrat.

Resembles D. rosea, but is obliquely ribbed, closely striated,
and uniform rose-color. W. Africa,

Unfigured. No dimensions given.

D. ACUMINATA, Mighels. PI. 12, fig. 20 ; PL 32, fig. 41.

Shell with a very slight angle on the periphery, with numerous
small ribs reaching the suture and terminating at a raised
revolving line on the lower part of the body-whorl ; below this
line are sometimes revolving striae ; livid or chocolate-brown,
with a white band at the suture, ribs white, aperture brown.

Length, 10 mill.

Sandwich Islands ; Indian Ocean (Nevill).

D. MARIEI, Crosse. PI. 13, fig. 73.

Shell olivaceous brown, smooth, with a pair of narrow brown
revolving lines below the periphery, body-whorl with one or two
additional colored lines, situated inferiorly, the base with a few
revolving striae. Length, 10 mill. New Caledonia.

D. CLAVATA, Sowb. PL 11, fig. 95.

Shell with a few strong longitudinal ribs, which surmount the
angulated periphery and reach the sutures ; no revolving sculp-
ture ; outer lip thickened, the sinus large and ascending, aperture
truncate below ; whitish, the ribs slightly stained with flesh-color

Length, 13 mill.

Xipixapi, W. Columbia (Cuming).

D. PICA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 50.

Shell thick; whitish, irregularly variegated with a few large
squarish brown spots; upper portion of whorls smooth, concave,
below the periphery with numerous narrow ribs ; sinus broad.

Philippines (Cuming); Mauritius (Robillard).

DRILLIA. 191

The following unfigured species are referred by the describers
to this section of Drillia ; they are all unknown to me, except
through the preliminary descriptions.

D. MARMARINA, Watson. Off Pernambuco.

Obtained by the Challenger Expedition. Said to be allied to
D. sacra, Reeve — which does not belong to this section of the
genus.

P. ALBOANGULATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

D. SPINOSA, E. A. Smith. (Allied to D. laeta, Hinds.)

Habitat unknown.
D. INTERPUNCTA, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas, W. I.

The description applies pretty well to some individuals of D.
coccinata, Reeve.

D. AMANDA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

D. DIVERSA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

P. QUADRILIRATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

D. INTERSTRIGATA, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas and St. Vincent, W.I.
P. HOTTENTOTA, E. A. Smith. Port Elizabeth, So. Africa.

P. CAFFRA, E. A. Smith. South Africa.

P. COFFEA, E. A. Smith. Philippine Islands.

P. BELLULA, E. A. Smith. St. Vincent, W. I.

Section CRASSISPIRA, Swainson.
D. RUDIS, Sowerby. PI. 14, figs. 85, 90.

Shoulder of the whorls prominently tuberculated, with smaller
tubercles below it where the flexuous longitudinal ribs are
crossed hy coarse revolving lines ; above the shoulder the whorls
are contracted, and* tuberculated at the sutures; chocolate-brown,
usually broadly white-banded above the periphery, or the tubercles
only white, with sometimes a narrow white band near the base.

Length, 25-35 mill.

Galapagos Islands (Sowb.) ; Panama to Mazatlan.

D excentrica, Sowb. (fig. 90), is founded on an abnormal
specimen, the last whorls somewhat displaced.

D. DIGITALIS, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 75.

Shell dark chocolate, covered by rows of lighter- colored granu-
lations, caused by the decussation of small flexuous rather
numerous longitudinal ribs and elevated revolving lines ; aperture
light chocolate. Length, 20 mill. Philippines, Mauritius.

192 DRILLTA.

D. BARKLIENSIS, H. Adams. PL 13, figs. 70, 11, 77.

Whorls granulated minutely, with a tuberculated shoulder;
chocolate- or orange-brown, the latter often white-banded above
the shoulder, and sometimes with an inferior narrow darker
band ; tubercles, and usually the granules, white.
, Length, 1 inch.

Mauritius; Neiv Caledonia (Souverbie).

D. strigata, Sowb. (fig. 71), is a synonym; as is also D.
Rougeyroni, Souverb. ^fig. 77), from New Caledonia.

D. BOTTLE, Valenciennes. PL 13, fig. 74.

Shell ponderous, dark chestnut or chocolate, with a slight
shoulder-angle, above which the whorls are slightly concave to a
sutural band ; below the shoulder with close rude longitudinal
ribs, sometimes decussated into nodules by the raised revolving
lines ; towards the base of the body-whorl the latter remain
prominent, whilst the former have vanished.

Length, l'75-2'25 inches.

Panama to Mazatlan.

This species is usually known as D. incrat&ata, Sowb., a name
which has priority over D. Bottse, but was unfortunately pre-
viously used by Defrance.

D. CALLOSA, Valenciennes. PL 13, figs. 63, 68 ; PL 30, fig. 79.

Shell very solid, with a well-defined shoulder, and sulcate
space above it; longitudinal ribs low, rounded, closer than in
the preceding species, the interspaces being very narrow, crossed
b^y raised revolving lines ; chocolate-colored.

Length (decollated), 1'75 inches.

West Coast of Africa.

Very closely allied to D. Bottae. I think D. carbonaria, Reeve
(PL 13, fig. 68), is identical, and very likely the next species also.

D. CONSOCIATA, E. A. Smith. PL 30, fig. 81.

Whorls doubly carinated at the suture, below which the surface
is concave to the periphery ; longitudinal ribs six, strong, crossed
by raised revolving lines ; yellowish brown. Length, 24 mill.

W. Coast of Africa.

The color is lighter and the ribs less numerous than in D.
callosa, yet it is probably only a variation of that species.

DRILL! A. 193

D. APPELTI, Weinkauff. PL 10, fig. 75.

Shell narrower than D. callosa, with more numerous ribs and
a longer canal ; light ochraceous, indistinctly white-banded.

Length, 40 mill.

Habitat unknown.

P. FUSCESCENS, Gray. PL 14. figs. 9f , 98 ; PL 15, fig. 13.

Shell deep chocolate-brown, the longitudinal ribs separated
by wider interspaces, crossed by revolving raised lines, forming
granules, above the periphery smooth and slightly concave, with
a raised line next the suture. Length, 19 mill.

West Indies.

D. solida, Adams, D. cuprea, Reeve (fig. 98), and D. nigres-
cenSj Gray (PL 15, fig. 13), are synonyms — the latter described
from a small specimen. D. nigrescens, Adams = nigrescens,
Gray, and has priority of publication over that species, as well
as fuscexcens : I think it better not to disturb the well-known
name of the species, as Adams' description was not accompanied
by a figure, and could not be positively identified until Adams
himself subsequently pointed out that it was the same shell as
that figured by Reeve as nigrescens, Gray.

D. HARPULARIA, Desmoulins. PL 14, fig. 99.

Chestnut- or chocolate-color, spire more slenderly elongated ;
canal 'longer and more compressed than the preceding species ;
the revolving lines do not form granules on the ribs.

Length, 1 inch.

Australia.

Barely distinguishable from the preceding species with the
aid of the different localit}r.

D. SCHILINGI, Weinkautf. PL 12, fig. 28.

Strongly ribbed below the periphery, smooth and concave
above it, ribs crossed by spiral striae ; yellowish brown, with
chestnut bands ; canal short and wide, subtruncate.

Length, 18 mill.

Zanzibar.
D. B^TICA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 26.

Dark shining chocolate-colored ; ribs prominent!}* pointed at
the periphery ; sinus broad and large. Length, 18 mill.

Habitat unknown.

194 DRILLTA.

D. FLAVESCENS, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 96 ; PL 21, fig. 22.

Yellowish olive ; sculpture like D.fuscescens, except that there
is no revolving line below the sutures. Length, 17 mill.

Wnst Indies.

The lighter color and want of sutnral line are not very good
distinguishing characters, and it is probable that this species
should be united with D. fuscescens. D. affinis, Gray (PL 21,
fig. 22), appears to be a synonym.

D. HONDURASENSIS, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 95.

Whorls nodosely ribbed, with revolving strife, and a smooth
space below the sutures ; alternately banded with yellow and ash-
color. Length, 8 mill.

Honduras (Dyson).

I am not acquainted with this little species. The figure is
about double the natural size.

D. PAXILLUS, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 92.

Shell short and stout, the spire acuminated at the apex ; whorls
concave round the top, with a small keel, very closely plicated
in the middle, interstices between the folds finely striated, ridged
round the base, sinus large; chocolate-brown. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Notwithstanding some difference in form and the much smaller
size I think it very probable that this will prove to be synony-
mous with D. fuscescens ; the sinus, however, is said to be large,
whereas in the latter it is very small.

D. ATERRIMA, Sowerby. PL 14, figs. 78, 79, 80, 83, 84 ; PL 32,
figs. 45, 46.

Shell very dark chocolate, with sometimes a narrow white line
above the periphery, but this is usually absent; spire lengthened
or short ; whorls rudely prominently keeled on the periphery,
which is nodulous ; below the keel are a few raised revolving
lines, occasionally broken up into granules. Length, 15 mill. •

Panama to Gulf of California.

The great variation in the proportions of this shell has caused
a number of synonyms to be made, and the confusion has doubt-
less been increased by the uncharacteristic figure given by Reeve
(fig. 79). I add better illustrations from Weinkauff's monograph

DRILLIA. 195

(PL 32, figs. 45, 46). D. atrior, C. B. Adams, D. discors, Sowb.
(PL 14, fig. 80), a variety with elevated spire, and strong nodules
on the periphery, D. Melchersi, Menke (fig. 83), D. rustica,
Carpenter, and D. zonulata, Reeve (fig. 84), are synonyms. In
the latter, which ma}' be considered a variety, there is a narrow
j^ellowMi band, and the revolving ridges are more prominent
than in the type ; it is PI. cincta, Sowerby, not Lamarck. In
D. cerithoidea, Carpenter, and its synonym, D. maura, Kiener,
not Sowerby (PL 14, fig. 78), the spire is somewhat exserted, an
accidental variation which occasionally obtains in most species
having a raised spire.

D. QUADRIFASCIATA, Gray. PL 14, fig. 82.

Shell pyramidal, whorls encircled with a single keel above and
below, longitudinally closely ridged in the middle ; keels whitish,
middle of the whorls bluish brown, ridges whitish; aperture
small; canal very short. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown.

I am not acquainted with this species. The figure is about
double the natural size.

D. PARDALIS, Hinds. PL 14, fig. 81.

fshell longitudinally ribbed, ribs curved, interstices with fine
revolving striae ; lip crenulated within ; chocolate-brown, ribs
conspicuously fulvous yellow. Length, 15 mill.

Gulf of Nicoya, W. Coast Central America.

D. LUCTUOSA, Hinds. PL 14, fig. 86.

Shell solid, dark chocolate-color, with very tine revolving striae,
scarcely apparent without a glass, and a single row of minute
tubercles on the periphery, which also appears on the spire-
whorls ; no longitudinal ribs.

Mazatlan to San Pedro, Cal.

The locality " Bay of Guayaquil " given by Hinds, needs con-
firmation.

D. scARABvEus, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 87.

Shell stoutly ovate, spire short, apex raised, smooth, spire
obsoletel}' hexagonal towards the apex ; dark chestnut-brown,
last whorl encircled with a narrow yellowish zone ; apex white.

Length, 11 mill. Honduras (Dyson).

I do not know this shell.

196 DRILLIA.

D. NIGERRIMA, Sowb. PL 14, figs. 91, 89, 88, 94.

Shell very dark chocolate; whorls longitudinally ribbed, the
ribs terminating on a nodulous periphery, above which the sur-
face is smooth and slightly concave, lower portion of body-whorl
with revolving striae. Length, 22 mill.

Panama to Mazatlan*.

D. cornuta, Sowb., is founded upon a specimen in which the
callous deposit at the top of the aperture is very thick. D. uni-
color, Sowb. (fig. 89), D. rustica, Sowb. (fig. 88 >, D. tiarella,
Kiener (PI. 32, fig. 19), D. rugifera, Sowb. (PI. 12, fig. 22), and
probably D. Hanleyi, Carpenter (described from a single im-
mature specimen), are identical.

Yar. HARFORDIANA, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 94.

Whorls with a narrow yellowish band on the periphery. D.
obvellata, Carpenter, described from a single young shell, is
probably equivalent to this variety.

D. BICOLOR, Sowerby. PL 14, fig. 100.

Shell chocolate-brown, with a yellowish band just below the
periphery ; sculpture as in other species of this group.

Length, 20 mill. Panama; Galapagos Islands.

D. GRANULOSA, Sowerby. PL 14, fig. 1.

Whorls concave and smooth above the periphery, ribbed
below it, ribs crossed by fine granulated revolving lines ; light
yellowish or pinkish brown. Length, -75 inch.

Panama, Bay of Montija.
D. PALLTDA, Sowerby. PL 14, fig. 8.

Ribs deflected at the periphery but continuous to the suture,
sharp and rather close, interstices with fine revolving striae ;
sinus broad and deep ; canal very short, a little recurved ; white.

Length, 20-30 mill. Panama.

D. ZEBRA, Lamarck. PL 14, figs. 2, 6, 5, 11, 12, 7, 10; PL 15,
figs. 15, 18.

Shell orange-, chestnut- or chocolate-color, the duplicate rows
of tubercles on the periphery white, with frequently one or two
inferior white bands on the tubercles of the lower part of the
body-whorl. Length, 20 mill. West Indies.

A very common species, referred by Kiener to Mauritius, and

DRILLIA. 197

by Weinkauff to E. Africa, possibly through mistaking for it
poor examples of D. Barkliensis. Weinkauff attempts to .sepa-,
rate Kiener's figure of D. zebra from that given by Reeve, and
refers the latter, as a S3rnonym, to D. ornata, d'Orb. ; but Kiener's
figure represents the ordinary West Indian form quite .as well as
does that of Reeve. There are a number of synonyms : D.
albinodata. Reeve (fig. 5), having the periphery more sharply
angulated than usual, the figure magnified, D. albocincta, C. B.
Adams, D. albomaculata , d'Orb. (fig. 11), which E. A. Smith
changed to D. albopustulata, under the impression that the
species (above mentioned) described by C. B. Adams, bore the
same name as d'Orbigny's, D. ornata, d'Orb. (fig. 12), D. zebroides,
Weinkauff (fig. 15), D. pulchra, Gray (fig. 18, magn. f), D.
Jayana, C. B. Adams, D. cinerea, Weink. (fig. 10), D. collaris,
Sowb. (fig. t).

As will be seen from a comparison of the above figures D. zebra
is a very variable species; one of its extreme forms may be
separated as

Var. LEUCOCYMA, Dall.Tt&. 34, fig. 2.

Compared with albomaculata, d'Orb., it is more slender, with
the periphery -angle bearing a pair of close revolving ribs, more
conspicuous than the rest of the spiral sculpture and tipped
with white wrhere crossing the jongitudinal ribs.

JT* Sarasota Bay, W. Fla.

In the typical albomaculata the cdroring is fimilar, but a single
broader rib revolves at the periphery; in some specimens, how-
ever, there is a more or less distinct impressed line on the middle
of the rib, 'so approximating it to this variety. ^

D. OSTREARUM, Stearns. PL 34, fig. 19.

Concavely, rather narrowly shouldered, with a thread-like
raised line at the suture, closely longitudinally ribbed below the
periphery, decussated by raised revolving lines ; dingy yellow to
purplish black. Length, 16 mill.

W. Coast of Florida (on oysters).

Figured for the first time, from a specimen in Coll. Acad.
Philad.

D. CANCELLATA, Gray. PL 15, fig. 19.

Whorls keeled at the upper part, transversely very finely

1 98 DRILLIA.

ridged, ridges cancellated with longitudinal striae ; aperture
small ; jet-black, ridges dirty white. Length, 10 mill.

St. Vincent, W. L (Guilding).

I do not know this species ; the figure is about double the
natural size.

D. DYSONI, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 3.

Chestnut-brown, upper part of whorls here and there inter-
ruptedly white-banded. Length, 21 mill.

Honduras (Dyson).

Shell with stronger keel, lighter and more inflated than D-
fuscescens ; differing also in having a broad sinus and scarcely
any canal. I have not seen it.

D. LYSIDIA, Duclos. PI. 14, fig. 4.

Shell smooth and white above the periphery, below it with
narrow white ribs upon a rose-red ground, connecting below
with revolving rows of whits tubercles. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Figured, but not described, as a Columbella.

D. LAMBERTI, Montrouzier. PL 13, fig. 76.

Shell yellowish brown, with a central reddish chestnut band,
filled with a double series of revolving white-tipped tubercles ;
below this, on the body-whorl, is a second narrower band, bearing
;i Dingle series of small white tubercles, and a brown line and
spots at the base. Length 10 mill.

N. Caledonia.
D. MUCRONATA, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 14.

Shell acuminately pyramidal, whorls somewhat obscurely
plicately ribbed, ribs nodulous, aperture short ; brown, middle
row of nodules whitish. Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Described from a single shell having no well-marked characters ;
it may be a variety of D. fuscescens.

D. CLIONELL^EFORMIS, Weinkauff. PI. 15, fig. 16.

Yellowish, longitudinally plicate, the plicae whitish, closely
covered by revolving lines ; whorls contracted and unilirate at
the suture. Length, 22 mill.

Habitat unknown.

DRILLIA. 199

D. CANTHARIS, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 22.

Shell thick, solid, smooth; whorls oblique, nodosely plicated^
round the middle ; sinus rather large ; very dark brown, nodules

whitish. Length, 11 mill.

Philippines.

Evidentl}7 described from a stunted specimen. The figure is
double the natural size.

D. NITIDA, Kiener. PL 15, fig. 20.

Shell ovate, rather stout, smooth, shining ; yellowish, painted
with brown revolving lines, rose-tinted at the apex ; upper whorls
of the spire delicately plaited ; lip simple, contracted in the
middle. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.
D. RUBIGINOSA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 17.

Whorls six, somewhat rounded, with revolving striae; reddish
brown. Length 7*5 mill.

Straits of Malacca, in mud, 17 fms. (Hinds).

This and the preceding species are aberrant forms of the group
Crassispira.

D. MARAVIGN^;, Bivona. PL 8, fig. 12.

Whorls usually somewhat round-shouldered, shell finely
flexuously longitudinally plicate, plicae about twenty ; lip usually
externally varicose, sinus wide ; yellowish- or reddish-brown,
shining, sometimes banded. Length, 12 mill.

Mediterranean Sea, Bay of Biscay.

The synon3rmy includes Fasus semicostatus, Cantraine, PI.
incrassata, Dujardin, PL crebricostata, Hinds, PL incisa, Reeve
(figured), PL elegans, Scacchi.

The following are unfigured species of the Crassispiree, which
I am unable to arrange.

D. MICROSTOMA, E. A. Smith. Ceylon.

D. MELANACME, E. A. Smith (? = young D. zebra).

St. Vinvent, W. I.

D. LATIZONATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

D. CARIBB^A, E. A. Smith. Cuba.

D. ATRAMENTOSA, E. A. Smith. (Near P. discors, Sowb.)

Panama.
14

200 DRILLIA.

D. FLAVOCARINATA, E. A. Smith. (Sculpture like discors.)

Panama.

D. NODATA, C. B. Adams. Jamaica.

D. CLIMACOTA, Watson. Tongatabu.

Section BRILLIA (typical).

The sections of Drillia are all artificial and unsatisfactory —
this more so than the preceding ones, as it merely includes those
species which cannot be properly placed under the foregoing
groups. Some of them resemble the Alatse so closely that they
might almost as well go into that group, others are only distin-
guished from the section Clatus by the presence of spiral sculp-
ture, whilst others again can only be separated from Crassispira
by arbitrarily fixing the precise degree of solidity necessary to
enter that group. The great confusion which reigns regarding
the synonymy and mutual relations of the Pleurotomidse forbids
an}Tthing approaching a definite arrangement of the species at
present ; indeed the material is absolutely insufficient. My
present essay towards a natural grouping of the species will,
I hope, pave the way for better work hereafter. In no other
group of the family have the results of my studies been so
unsatisfactory as in the one now to be considered.

D. SPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 72.

Whorls smooth, longitudinally ribbed below the tuberculate
periphery, tubercles and ribs slight, the latter curved, and white
upon a brownish rose-colored surface. Length, 28 mill.

Galapagos Islands.
D. SPECTRUM, Reeve. PL 11, fig 83.

Snowy white, the nodules tinged with light brown ; sinus broad
and shallow, not produced ; outer lip sharp.

Length, 17*5 mill. Philippines (Cuming).

A pale, obliquely ribbed species, rather thin.

D. PUTILLUS, Reeve. PL 11, figs. 85, 97.

Yellowish white, chestnut-tinted between the slight longi-
tudinal ribs ; the tuberculate periphery forms a strong angle on
the whorls; lip simple, thin, sinus broad and shallow.
Length, 15 mill.

Philippines, 15 fathoms, coarse sand (Cuming) ;

N. Australia (Brazier) ; China Sea (Ads. and Reeve).

DRILL! A, -201

D. albicincta, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 97), is a more highly colored
adult, with, the peripheral row of tubercles whitish ; I find no
other difference.

D. REGIA, Beck. PL 11, fig. 80.

Periphery with a double row of nodules^ the Whorls smooth
above and granulated below it ; sinus small ; whitish maculated
with chestnut. Length, 25-35 mill. Amboina, Moluccas.

D. SINENSIS, Hinds. PI. 11, figs. 84, 94, 5, 6, 9 ; PI. 12, fig. 11.

Whorls numerous, convex, slightly angulated and noduled on
the periphery, flexuously longitudinally ribbed below and cancel-
lated by raised revolving lines ; suture bordered by an obliquely
nodulous band ; yellowish or flesh-brown, sometimes narrowly
dark-banded at the suture and base ; interior yellowish.

Length, 1 inch.

New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, China Sea (Hinds) ; Philip*
pines (D unker) ; Japan (Bunker) ; Australia (Angas, Brazier,
etc.).

Weinkauff s figure of this species scarcely represents it. The
synonyms are D. intertincta, E. A. Smith (fig. 94) ; D. Metcalfei,
Angas (fig. 5); D. consimilis, E. A. Smith (fig. 11); D. Coxi,
Angas (fig. 6) ; D. spicata, Hinds (fig. 9).

D. SAORA, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 89.

Shell rather solid, somewhat gibbous towards the base ; whorls
depressed above the nodulous periphery, longitudinally granosely
ribbed below it, with minute revolving ridges ; canal very short ;
sinus broad ; yellowish white, the last whorl with a central light
chestnut band. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown.

Closely allied to the last species in form, but differs in the
better developed ribs and in coloration.

D. PERADMIRABILIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 11, fig. 96.

Yellowish white, stained with brown beneath the suture, brown-
banded on the middle of the body-whorl, irregularly spotted and
dotted with a lighter tint-over the rest of the surface, but leaving
a narrow, plain white zone on the periphery and another just
below the brown band; whorls obliquely plicated, with close
revolving lirae finely granulated, and separated by deep-cut striae.

Length, 23 mill. Japan.

202 DRILLIA,

D. INTERMACULATA, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 90.

Shell shining, subpellucid, white, with four revolving series of
brownish yellow dots between the ribs on the body-whorl, and
two on those of the spire ; ribs slight, no revolving striae.

Length, 10 mill.

Japan.
D. FLAVONODULOSA, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 99.

Solid, pale fleshy white, with two narrow reddish brown bands ;
coarsely longitudinally ribbed, and spirally lirate, lifee of ir-
regular sizes, some of them nodulous. Length, 9*5 mill.

Japan.
D. JAPONICA, Lischke. PL 11, fig. 88.

Spire elevated, acute, with a ridge below the sutures; longi-
tudinal ribs about eight, rounded, oblique, crossed by close
strong striae, and terminating above on the periphery ; yellowish
brown with two chestnut bands, or the lower one broader so as
to cover the lower portion of the body -whorl ; sinus small, but
rather deep. Length, 1 inch.

Japan, Hong Kong.

A fine specimen before me has two decided varices on the body
and one on the penultimate whorl. The original specimens were
imperfect and figures have been published by E. A. Smith and
Weinkauff (figured), the former from a worn and rather unchar-
acteristic specimen, the latter excellent. Weinkauff considers
the unfigured D. latifasciata^ Sowb., a s}rnonym.

D. RARICOSTATA, Smith. PL 11, fig. 2.

Shell horny brown, the whorls excavated above and somewhat
margined at the suture, with a few strong, oblique ribs, termi-
nating above at the periphery, last whorl obliquely grooved at '
the base. Length, 10 mill.

Japan.
D. LONGISPIRA, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 3.

Whorls with six longitudinal ribs, obliquey subnodulous on
the periphery, which they surmount, but do not reach the suture,
spirally striated ; whitish, with two bands of chestnut spots
between the ribs on the spire-whorls, and a third band in
addition upon the lower part of the body-whorl.

Length, 16'5 mill.

Japan.

DRILLIA. 203

D. HUMILTS, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 4,

Whorls Strongly excavated above, with granules beneath the
suture, periphery nodulous, below which are nine oblique longi-
tudinal ribs, the body-whorl is striate towards the base only;
yellowish brown, with a rather broad chocolate central band,
ribs tipped with white. Length, 9 mill.

Japan.

Said to resemble a dwarfed D. obliquata, Reeve, but has fewer
volutions and the apical ones much larger, the form is less robust
and the coloring is different in detail.

D. OBLIQUATA, Reeve. PL 11, fig. 1 (*).

Yellowish brown, within and without, with a narrow lighter
band on the periphery, and sometimes a row of white dots on
the ribs a little below the middle of the body-whorl ; a few
revolving striae at the base. Length, 14 mill.

Persian Gulf, Ceylon, Singapore, Japan.

D. SUBOBLTQUATA, Smith. PL 11, fig. 100.

Shell horny brown, with a narrow white band at the periphery,
and a second subinterrupted one on the body-whorl below the
middle. Length, 18 mill.

Japan.

More slender than D. obliquata, the upper concave portion of
the whorls narrower, the costae more numerous, crossed by
revolving striae (wanting in D. obliquata), the basal canal
broader.

D. CANDENS, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 8.

White, shining, subpellucid ; whorls eight, nuclear smooth,
normal ones obliquely ribbed, with here and there fine spiral
striae requiring a glass to make them out ; lower part of body-
whorl obliquely grooved ; sinus very wide and deep.

Length, 12 mill.

Japan.
D. DENSEPLICATA, Dunker. PL 11, fig. 7.

Shell yellowish brown, the whorls strongly shouldered and
closely ribbed, crossed by larger and smaller revolving striae;
lip thick, subsulcate within ; sinus rather deep.

Length, 13 mill.

Bass Straits,.

204 DRILLIA.

D. OBLIQUICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 12.

Longitudinal ribs oblique, narrow, a little waved, obtusely
pointed on the periphery ; a few revolving stride at the base of
the body-whorl ; yellowish white, spotted and maculated with
chestnut. Length, 16 mill.

Habitat unknown.

A species which evidently has no especial characteristics.
I am not acquainted with it.

D. CROCATA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 13.

Shell pyramidally oblong, transversely elevately striated,
longitudinally ribbed, last whorl furnished with a small gibbous
tubercle, canal very short, aperture short, sinus broad, large ;
whitish, covered with a saffron-olive epidermis.

Length, '8 inch.

Habitat unknown.

This shell is unknown to me, but appears closely related to
D. Sinentris, Hinds.

D. AQUATILIS, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 16.

Shell ovately turreted, solid, spire acuminated, whorls smooth,
depressed round the upper part, obliquely plicately tubercled ;
canal very short, sinus large ; ivory-white, painted with bands
of extremely fine pale horny brown waved lines.

Length, '75 inch.

Habitat unknown.
D. PALLIATA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 15.

Shell ovately oblong, whorls rather convex, transverse^ very
finely closely striated, encircled with a single row of conspicuous
rather elevated granules; canal very short; whitish, covered
with a pale fulvous epidermis. Length, 13'5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
D. EXARATA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 14.

Shell granose at the intersection of longitudinal and revolving
sculpture, the granules taking a spiral direction, minutely noduled
on the periphery ; canal very short, truncated, sinus large ; pale
fulvous color, brown-dotted between the ribs.

Length, 13'5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

DRILLIA. 205

D. VARICOSA, Reeve. Pi. 12, fig. 17.

Whorls smooth near the suture, longitudinally ribbed below,
with large rude scattered varices, sinus broad "and rather deepf
ribs grayish on a darker surface, sometimes entirely brown.

Length, 1 inch.

Philippines, Australia.

Notwithstanding some differences in the descriptions, I think it
probable that this species is identical with D. Japonica, Lischke ;
if so, the latter name will become a synonym.

D. ALBICOSTATA, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 57.

Rose-colored, the longitudinal ribs white, close-set, no spiral
sculpture ; aperture callous above ; sinus rather deep.

Length, 22 mill.

Galapagos Inlands.

D. SOLOMONENSIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 12, fig. 23.

Differs from D. varicosa in being narrower, with angulated
ribs, longer and narrower aperture and canal, and in color,
having dark brown stripes between the ribs, and a series of
brown spots on an infrasutural keel. Length, 23 mill.

Solomon's Isles (Brazier).

Sometimes slightly varicose.

I). PYRAMIDATA, Kiener. PL 12, fig. 34 ; PL 13, fig. 67.

Shell Cerithiiform, strongly corded on the periphery, smooth
above it, except a narrow granulated sutural band, below with
oblique slight, ribs and revolving striae ; chocolate, the peripheral
and sutural nodes whitish ; interior chocolate, with a white band.

Length, 1 inch.

W. Africa.
D. OBELISCUS, Reeve. Pi. 12, fig. 21.

Shell stouter than the preceding species, lower portion of the
last whorl granosely ridged ; canal short; sinus large ; whitish,
covered with a yellowish olive epidermis. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.
I have not seen this species.

D. WILMERI, E. A. Smith. PL 12, fig. 24.

Sharply keeled and noduled on the periphery, with revolving
striae below it, stronger towards the base ; .whitish, stained with

206 DRILLIA.

chestnut at the apex and on the lower part of the body-whorl, a
row of chestnut dots between the nodules of the periphery.
Length, 16 mill.

Andaman Islands.

D. TRAILLT, Hutton. PI. 34, fig. 90 ; PI. 12, fig. 37.

Spire acute, with broad, shallow, spiral grooves, and promi-
nent transverse ribs on the central and anterior portions of the
whorls ; posterior margin, near the suture flat ; aperture oval,
canal short ; yellowish brown or chestnut-color ; body-whorl
shorter than the spire. Length, I'l inches.

Stewart Island, N. Zealand, 24 fms. (Hutton) ;

New South Wales (Angas).

Figured from a specimen sent to me by Prof. Hutton. D.
semula, Angas (PI. 12, fig. 37), is identical.

D. LAUTA, Pease. PI. 12, fig. 31.

Periphery nodose, nodules rather prominent, longitudinally
disposed, surface concave above ; canal short, open ; sinus broad
and deep ; yellowish chestnut, with a white band on the periphery
and a red chestnut line running on the middle of it, one or two
narrow wrhite bands below on the body-whorl, each indistinctly
narrowly bordered with red chestnut on either side.

Length, 9 mill.

Viti and Paumotus Is.

D. EXILIS, Pease. PI. 15, fig 25 ; PI. 12, fig. 32.

Whorls nearly plane, longitudinally plicately ribbed, the ribs
small and close, descending from the sutures ; aperture very
short ; canal short and open ; reddish chestnut, the ribs whitish,
with a dark band below the middle of the body-whorl.

Length, 5*5 mill.

Viti, Cook's and Paumotus Isles.

D. pusilla, Garrett (PI. 12, fig. 32), is a synonym.

D. PYGMJEA, Dunker. PI. 34, fig. 89.

Shell stouter, the spire shorter, more convex and obtuse than
in the preceding species, the whorls not constricted above ;
sculpture and coloring same as in D. exilis.

Viti Islands.

Although remarkabty similar to D. exilis, the form will, on
comparison, readily distinguish it.

DRILLIA. 201

D. PAPILLOSA, Garrett. PI. 12, fig. 33.

Whorls eight, slightly constricted round the upper portion^
covered by large rounded granules ; base contracted, spirally
riclmvd ; canal short, obtuse; sinus large, deep and rounded;
yellowish white, with three obscure light chestnut bands on the

body-whorl. Length, 6 mill.

Viti Islands.
D. MINUTISSIMA, Garrett. PI. 12, fig. 29.

Shell minute, solid ; whorls six, the spire moderate, covered
with close granules formed by revolving lines decussating low
longitudinal ribs ; aperture truncated below ; sinus large ; red-
dish brown. Length, 2 mill.

Viti Islands.
D. SUBAURTFORMIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 12, fig. 35.

Whorls well rounded, sometimes slightly angulated on the
periphery, spire rather long, acute; obliquety longitudinally
closely costate, crossed by spiral lirae, the intersections becoming
aubgranulous ; spiral lirse more conspicuous at the base ; lip
thickened without, lirate or dentate within ; sinus wide ; yellowish
white, brown-banded at the suture, and lower part of the body-
whorl similarly colored. Length, 9*5-1 2*5 mill.

Japan.
D. TEXTA, Dunker. PI. 9, fig. 42.

Shell small, with close ribs and revolving striae ; suture pro-
found ; aperture slightly coarctate, outer lip thickened, sulcate
within ; sinus wide ; yellowish brown, with a chestnut band below
the middle of the body- whorl. Length, 8 mill. Japan.

Perhaps a variety of the preceding species.

D. FORTILIRATA, E A. Smith. PL 12, fig. 36.

Whorls twelve, slightly convex, with ten or eleven coarse
oblique ribs crossed by very prominent spiral lirae, forming com-
pressed large nodules; below the middle of the body-whorl the
ribs become evanescent and the spiral sculpture finer and closer;
sinus small; horny or dirty white, aperture horn-colored, some-
times slightly lirate within the outer lip. Length, 14 mill.

Japan.
D. MOQUINIANA, Montrouzier. PI. 9, fig. 43.

Shell with flattened whorls, obliquely longitudinally costate,
the costse fading towards the upper part and base of the body-

208 DBILLTA.

whorl, with close revolving lines ; sinus moderate and rounded ;
canal very short, recurved ; color yellowish white, marked with
chestnut, and with also scarcely apparent lines of chestnut.
Length, 12 mill.

New Caledonia.
D. TRIPTER, von Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 80.

Light violaceous ; sinus wide and shallow. Length, 23 mill.

W. Coast of Africa.
D. BALLISTA, von Maltzan. PL 30, fig, 90.

Wax-yellow; narrowly sinuate, sinus pretty deep.
Length, 18'5 mill.

W. Coast of Africa.

D. BUCHANANI, Hutton.

Shell fusiform, elongated ; spire acute ; periphery angulated,
above it the whorls are concave and smooth, with a slight ridge
at the suture, below the angle with oblique ribs and spiral strias;
aperture oval, canal produced ; bod}^-whorl longer than the spire;
light rosy, fuscous between the ribs. Length, 21 mill.

New Zealand.

First described by Hutton as a tertiary fossil ; afterwards by

E. A. Smith, from recent specimens, under the name of D.
maorum. Not figured.

D. AWAMOAENSIS, Hutton. PL 12, fig. 25.

Shell small, thin, turreted, j^ellowish white ; whorls eight-and-
a-half, the first ones smooth and convex, afterwards slightly
carinated ; longitudinally finely ribbed, and spirally lirate ; upper
part of whorls not concave ; canal moderate, aperture elongately
oval, posterior sinus very slight. Length, 13 mill.

New Zealand.

Distinguished from D. Buchanani, by the whorls being less
angulated and without the smooth concave shoulder and the
suture not margined. First described as a tertiary fossil.
Figured from a recent specimen sent to me by Prof. Hutton.

D. PATAGONICLV, d'Orbigny. PI. 13, figs. 46, 4t.

Shell yellowish brown, first whorls globose, third and follow-
ing ones Bubangulated, with longitudinal short, fine ribs and close
revolving striae, the ribs obsolete on the body-whorl ; sinus broad
and shallow. Length, 1 inch.

Patagonia.

DRILLIA. 209

Martens describes a var. Magellanica, differing only in being
half the above size.

D. STUDERTANA, Martens. PI. 13, fig. 48.

Shell stouter than the preceding species, with shorter body-
whorl ; the ribs stronger and fewer, evanescent on the bod3^-whorl,
the revolving lines slighter, scarcely apparent ; canal shorter and

broader. Length, 22 mill.

Kerguelen Island.

J). LOPRESTIANA, Calcara. PI. 13, figs. 66, 59.

Whorls seven, with revolving carinse, the interstices longitu-
dinally striate ; sinus wide ; whitish, apex brown-stained.

Length, 8 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

i>. crispaia, as figured by Reeve (fig. 59), is a synonym ; as
well as several other specific names, some of which are for fossils ;
Tarentini, Phil., Renieri, Scacchi, moniliger, Cantraine, tri-
cinctum, Calcara, Trecchi, Testa.

D. KENNICOTTI, Dall. PI. 13, fig. 69.

Shell solid, white, with traces of thin yellowish epidermis ;
no longitudinal ribs ; lip deeply excavated below the suture,
margin thin and sharp ; columella twisted. Length, 21 mill.

Unga Island, Shumagin Group, Alaska.

Much resembles PI. declivis, Martens, from Japan. If identi-
cal, the latter name will become a synonym.

D. CORTJSCA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 60.

Shell rather pyramidal, highly polished ; upper portion of the
whorls flat, clouded with reddish brown and white, lower portion
more prominent, encircled with a row of irregular reddish brown
dots, last whorl encircled with two rows of dots; aperture
short ; canal very short. Length, '75 inch.

Philippines (Cuming).

Two specimens only of this singular shell were obtained ; it
differs much from the ordinary type of Drillia, the form being
more like a Daphnella, but it appears to be a thick species.

D. VEXILLUM, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 72 (f ).

Shell closely ribbed, and with revolving ridges at the base ;

210 DRILL I A.

yellowish, the lower half of the body-whorl, and a narrow lower
portion of those of the spire chocolate-brown. Length, 11 mill.

Pt. Jackson, Australia (Angas),

D. ARATA, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 27 (f ).

Shell pyramidal, sutures peculiarly excavated ; whorls very
closely encircled with narrow granulous ridges ; aperture small ;
yellowish white. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The ridges are said to be more granulous towards the apex..
I am not acquainted with the species.

D. PAGODA, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 23.

Shell pyramidal, whorls depressed at the upper part, slightly
angled, ribbed at the angle, ribs short, close-set, decussated
throughout with raised lines ; ashy red, stained with dark red
spots between the ribs, Up and columella stained with dark red ;
canal short. Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown,
D. TURRIS, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 30 (f ).

Pyramidally acuminated, whorls longitudinally stoutly ribbed,
transversely very finely ridged, aperture short; olive-brown.
Length, 8 mill,

Habitat unknown.

First described and figured by Reeve under the name of
Pagoda — already used by himself for the preceding species.

D. DONATA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 26.

Whorls eight, rose-colored, ribs small, rather sharp, oblique,
whitish, fading towards the suture ; back of the last whorl
smooth ; canal short. Length, 8 mill.

New Guinea.
D. FULVA, Hinds. PL 13, fig. 65.

Shell fulvous ; whorls six, granulous, tubercularly ribbed, ,
angulated at the upper part ; suture with a granulous line.
Length, 6 mill.

Straits of Macassar (Hinds).

D. MINUTA, Tenison-Woods. PL 34, fig. 93.

Shell minute, fusiform, turreted, elongate, thin ; \-ellowish or

DRILLIA. 211

pink of reddish chestnut throughout ; whorls six, convex, spirally
many-keeled, between the keels thickly and slenderly longitudi-
nally lirate ; apex of two subinflated whorls which are spirally
and equally striate ; aperture shorter than the spire, elongately
ovate, outer lip thin, sinuous, inner lip inconspicuous.

L. 3, lat, 1 mill.

Tasmania,

Figured from a specimen sent to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome.

Section CONOPLEURA, Hinds.
D. STKIATA, Hinds. PI. 8, figs. 6, 7.

Spire turreted, the shoulder of the whorls somewhat tabulate,
with numerous septa crossing to the sutures, shoulder-angle
somewhat coronate ; surface finely spirally striate ; sinus broad
and deep ; Whitish or yellowish. Length, 19 mill.

New Guinea, 7 fms., mud (Hinds).

One of Reeve's figures shows a reversed shell, a rarity in this
genus.

The following unfigured species ate described as species of
Drillia :—

D. ZEALANDICA, E. A. Smith. • New Zealand
D. Cheesemani, Hutton, is a synonym.

D. CHOCOLATUM, E. A. Smith* Japan.

D. MINDANENSIS, E. A. Smith* Philippines.

D. ROTUNDICOSTATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

D. SUBOCHRACEA, E. A. Smith. China seas (probably).

D. NODILIRATA, E. A. Smith* Philippines.

D. ATKINSONI, Tenison-Woods, 1876. Tasmania.

D. ATKINSONI, E. A. Smith, 1877* Habitat unknown.

If the last two are both good species, Mr. Smith's specific
name will need changing.

D. ANGUSTA, E. A. Smith. China Sea.

D. MULTILIRATA, E. A. Smith. ? Port Jackson, Aust?\

D, INCERTA, E. A. Smith. New Guinea.

212 DRILLIA.

D. PRATTII, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

D. EXCAVATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown.

D. CONCOLOR, E. A. Smith. Moluccas; China.

D. INCONSTANS, E. A. Smith. Japan.
D. TUBEROSA, E. A. Smith. (Resembles varicosa, Reeve.) Japan.

D. GYPSATA, Watson. New Zealand.

D. BRACHYTONA, Watson. Aru Island.
D. FLUCTUOSA, Watson. (Allied to Studeriana and Patagonica,

Martens.) Kerguelen.

D. BULBACEA, Watson. New Zealand.

D. SPICEA, Watson. Off Pernambuco.
D. ULA, Watson. N. E. from N. Zealand.

D. STIROPHORA, Watson. Near Pernambuco..

D. PH^EACRA, Watson. Near Pernambuco.

D. TMETA, Watson. Off Pernambuco.

D. INCILIS, Watson. St. Thomas, W I.

D. EXCULPTA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. I.

D. THOLOIDES, Watson. Off Pernambuco.

D. AMELIA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. I.

D. AGLAOPHANES, Watson. St. Thomas, W. I.

D. LOPHOESSA, Watson (and var. PLATIA). Pernambuco.

D. BI COLOR, Gray. Habitat unknown.

D. CLATHRATA, Gray. Habitat unknown.

D. SUTURALIS, Gray. Habitat unknown.

D. EBOREA, Gould. Kikaia Island.

D. RUFESCENS, D unker. Upolu.

D. NODIFERA, Pease. Sandwich Islands.

D. NODULOSA, Pease. Polynesia.

D. L^VIS, Hutton. New Zealand.

D. MASTERST, Brazier. New Guinea.
D. SPALDINGI, Brazier. Torres Sts., Australia.

D. WELDIANA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.

D. AGNEWI, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.

D. T^ENIATA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.

D. TRICARINATA, Tenison-Woods. Port Jackson, Austr.
D. POLYTORTA, Dall. (413 fins.) Off Cape S. Antonio, Cuba.

D. NUCLEATA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

D. SUBSIDA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

SPIROTROPIS, BEL A. 213

D. EXASPERATA, Ball. (1002 fms.) Off Gape S. Antonio, Cuba.

D. ? LEUCOMATA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

D. GRATULA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

D. DETECTA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

D. SERGA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

D. SMIRNA, Dall. Off Cape S. Antonio, Cuba.

D. OLEACINA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

D. HAVANENSIS, Dall. Off Havana ; Yucatan Strait.

D. YERRILLII, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

D. PERIPLA, Dall. Yucatan Strait.

D. ELUSIVA, Dall. Yucatan Strait.

D. MORRA, Dall. Off Havana.

D. PUNCTATOSTRIATA, Carpenter. Bay of Panama.

D. APPRESSA, Carpenter. Cape St. Lucas, L. California.

Genus SPIROTROPIS Sars., 1878.

S. CARINATA, Philippi. PL 7, figs. 94, 93.

Shell white, whorls slightly excavated above, angulated and
carinated on the periphery ; sinus broad, deep and remarkably
distinct, with the upper edge thickened. Length, '75 inch.

Mediterranean Sea to Norway.

Jeffreys thus describes the animal * Body cream-color ; pallial
tube short ; tentacles cylindrical, short and slender; eyes black,
small but very distinct, placed on the tops of stalks which are
united to the tentacles and are one-half their length ; foot pro-
portionally large, almost equally broad throughout, squarish in
front, and bluntly pointed behind.

First described as a Sicilian tertiaiy fossil, and often known
under the catalogue-name of P. modiolus, Jan.

Genus BELA (Leach) Gray, 1847.

Prof. Yerrill has carefully reviewed the American species of
Bela (Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 457-486), elucidating, as satisfac-
torily as possible, the synonj^my of this very variable group of
shells. His connection with the U. S. Fish Commission has
given him opportunities for the study of their characters, such
as have been enjoyed by no other naturalist. He says : u Each

214 BELA. )

species of the genus seems to have a longer and a shorter form,
which often differ decidedly in appearance. This variation,
which is also seen in many other genera of spiral shells, is prob-
ably, to a certain extent, sexual ; but it is not entirely so, for
while the males seem usually to be long-spired, with narrower
and flatter whorls, I have also found males among the short-
spired ones. Moreover, there are, evidently, geographical races
or varieties, as well as irregular individual variations, and pecu-
liarities due to injuries of various kinds."

B. SCHANTARICA, Middendorff. PL 34, fig. 76 ; PI. 30, figs. 96,

97 ; PI. 29, fig. 56 ; PL 33 ; fig. 70.

Shell whitish or flesh-white, under a livid olivaceous epider-
mis ; smooth, or with fine spiral striae ; aperture violaceous to
white. L. 12, diam. 8 mill.

Norway to Alaska.

The synonymy is large, including B. gigas (Beck, MS.), Ver-
kriizen (fig. 97), B. Isevigata, Dall (fig. 96), and I think B. tenui-
lirata, Dall, described as a variety of B. Isevigata, with revolving
striae, and afterwards called simplex, by Yerrill, from a specimen
dredged, in 365 fathoms, off Martha's Vineyard. B. simplex,
Middendorff (PL 29, fig. 56), shell narrower, with longer spire,
does not appear to me to present even varietal ditiracters. B.
Morchi, Leche (PL 33, fig. 70), is another name for B. gigas as
figured by Verkriizen, whilst for a variety diUering in the more
produced, curved canal, the typical gigas of Beck, Mb'rch has
proposed the name gigantea. Mr. Pali's B. laevigata is much
smaller than the type, with shorter spire, and may constitute a
geographical race or variety. According to Mr. Dall B. arctica,

A. Ad., should be added to the synonymy.

B. BICARINATA, Couthuoy. PL 28, figs. 32-34 ; PL 27, figs. 18,
26,31.

Whorls six or seven, the lower ones obtusely, the upper ones
more acutely carinated, upper whorls with riblets on the subsu-
tural band, sometimes crossing the carina, becoming obsolete on
the body-whorl ; fine revolving striae cross the growth-lines, and
give the shell a finely decussated appearance ; a single revolving
ridge on the spire below the shoulder-carina, and several, less

UNIVERSITY

BELA.

prominent ones on the penultimate and body-whorl ; chestnut to
violaceous brown. Length, 8'5-ll mill.

Cape Cod, Mass., to Greenland; Iceland,

Norway, Spitzbergen.

Jeffreys declares the previous species closely allied to this and
Leche makes them identical specifically.

B. violacea, Mighels and Adams (figs. 33, 34), differs from the
typical form only in being a little larger and stouter, with the
two carinse on the upper whorls less evident ; this is due partly
to erosion, partly to age ; the perfect young of the species being
typical, the adults or eroded young of the form violacea. The
synon3^my includes B. cylindracea, Moller, B. Beckii, Moller, B.
livida, Moller (PL 27, fig. 26), B. Grcenlandica, Reeve (PL 27,
fig. 18, J), B brevis, Leche, B. ventricosa, Morch, and B. rugu-
lata (Moller), Reeve (PL 27, fig. 31).

B. NOVAJA-SEMLJENSIS, Leche. PL 33, fig. 66.

Shell yellowish ash-color ; finely and equally decussated by
longitudinal and revolving lines ; whorls with a narrow shoulder.

Length, 8 mill.

Nova Zembla.

B. PYRAMIDALIS, Strom. PL 30, fig. 92 ; PL 28, figs. 40, 47 ; PL

27, fig. 30 ; PL 33, fig. 72 ; PL 34, fig. 81.

Shell with usually a rather high spire, seven or eight tolerably
convex whorls, scarcely or not at all shouldered, ribs 13 to 16,
sigmoid, fading out about or above the middle of the body-whorl ;
there are numerous, fine, close revolving lines, sometimes not
apparent on the ribs ; pale chestnut-color, when fresh.
Length, 13 mill.

Massachusetts to Greenland ; Iceland, Norway,

Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla.

Varies considerably in the elevation of the spire and in stout-
ness, as well as in the development of the ribs. Prof. Verrill
doubts the identity of B. pleurotomaria , Couthouy (PL 30, fig.
92) with this species, and considers B. pyramidalis, as figured
by Sars (PL 28, fig. 40), at any rate different from pleuroto-
maria; but I find all the forms that have been referred to this
species by Jeffreys, Leche and others well within the usual
varietal limits of similar species. I therefore consider the fol-
15

216 BELA.

lowing as additional synonyms : B. semiplicata, Sars (PI. 28, fig.
47), a varietal name, B. discors, Brown, Fusus rufus, Gould, not
Montagu (PI. 34, fig. 81), B. Vahli, Moller (PL 27, fig. 30), and
B. Jenisseensis (PL 33, fig. 72) and Isevior, Let-he, described as
varieties.

B. ALASKENSIS, Dall. PL 34, fig. 5.

Whorls well rounded, slightly shouldered, obliquely ribbed,
the ribs waved near the suture, and obsolete on the lower half of
the body-whorl, with very minute, close revolving striae ; reddish
or purplish brown, under a thin olivaceous epidermis ; aperture
brown, polished, smooth. Length, -8 inch.

Alaska.

Described as a Mangilia, with a doubt as to whether it may
not be a Bela. Through Mr. Dall's kindness I have examined the
type, and think it better placed in Bela.

B. ALEUTICA, Dall. PL 34, fig. 4.

Shell pure white, narrow, of seven shouldered whorls, bearing
13 or 14 longitudinal ribs, terminating in a carina at the
shoulder, with very faint close spiral grooves passing over the
ribs. Length, '68 inch.

Alaska.

Figured from one of the type specimens. Described as a
Mangilia.

B. EXPANSA, Sars. PL 29, fig. 52.

Whorls five, finely decussated ; spire short ; whitish.
Length, 9 mill.

Norway.
Its peculiar form will immediately distinguish it.

B. EXIGUA, Jeffreys. PL 33, fig. 73.

Shell rather solid, but translucent, somewhat glossy, milk-
white ; delicately decussated by close, fine striae ; suture deep ;
last whorl obtusely shouldered near the mouth. Length, 5 mill.

Faroe Channel.

Said to differ from B. tenuicostata, Sars (= the next species),
by its narrower form, straight longitudinal lines or striae, and
very blunt spire ; the fissural groove also, is much shallower.

BELA. 217

B. DECUSSATA, Couthouy. PI. 29, figs. 55, 60, 65, 69 ; PL 27, figs.
21, 25 ; PL 28, figs. 35, 36 ; PL 30, fig. 94.

Shell ovate-fusiform, with a moderate, scarcely tnrreted spire;
whorls six or seven, round-shouldered ; with about 24 sigmoid
longitudinal ribs, evanescing about the middle of the body-whorl,
close revolving striae cross the ribs ; sinus well marked, close to
the suture ; canal narrowed, but short ; columella nearly straight
in the middle ; color white, yellowish or pinkish white.

Length, 9 mill.

New England, northwards ; Labrador ;

Greenland; Nova Zembla.

This is B. scalaris (Vahl) of Reeve (PL 27, fig. 21) afterwards
changed to B. borealis. B. leucostoma, Reeve (PL 27, fig. 25),
B. reticulata, Vahl, according to Reeve.

B. tenuicostata, M. Sars (PL 28, figs. 35, 36), differs only in
being smaller, with more numerous ribs. Yerrill also describes
a var. pusilla, having the ribs less prominent and not so much
bent at the shoulder, giving the shell a smoother appearance.
Another variety is B. viridula, Moller not of Reeve, and of
which B. Kobelti, Verkruzen (PL 30, fig. 94), is a synonym;
it is more strongly ribbed with a better defined shoulder
than the type, the ribs straighter. B. incisula, Verrill (PL 29,
fig. 65), appears to me to be no more than a stunted, shouldered
variety, with straight ribs, approaching B. Kobelti. B. hebes, Ver-
rill (PL 29, fig. 69). and B. pygmsea, Verrill (PL 29, fig. 60), are
also varietal forms, having slight distinctive characters, which
will appear by comparing the figures ; the latter is evidently from
its small size and fewer whorls a young specimen. B. Trevelyana,
var. Smithii, Jeffreys, is considered by Verrill a doubtful variety
of his B. incisula.

B. PINGELII, Moller. PL 29, fig. 64.

Shell slender, with elongated spire, and moderately convex
whorls, with numerous longitudinal, rather straight ribs, excurved
above, and strong, elevated spiral lines, forming nodules where
the}*- cross the ribs ; pale chestnut-brown, with the canal and
columella whitish. Length, 11-12 mill.

Maine; Greenland; Norway.

Not unfrequently confounded by authors with the next species,

218 BELA.

and perhaps with B. pyramidalis, but readily distinguished by
its high spire, want of shoulder, and its nodulous surface.

B. CANCELLATA, Mighels. PL 29, figs. 67, 53 ; PL 28. fig. 46.

Whorls nine, somewhat convex, narrowly obtusely shouldered ;
ribs strong, flexuous, with a sigmoid curve at the shoulder,-
crossed by coarse spiral cinguli ; white, stained rosy or light
chestnut, or yellowish. Length, 15-20 mill.

Massachusetts; Greenland; Norway; Nova Zembla.

Often confounded with allied species, and especially with B.
Pingelii, above, and with B. pyramidalis, B. harpularia, and B.
Gouldii. B. pyramidalis has a more slender spire, and the spiral
sculpture is less developed ; B. harpularia is less elongated, with
straighter ribs and finer revolving lines ; B. Gouldii has more
shouldered whorls, nodulous at the angle, straight ribs, and
longer carnal. It must be confessed that these distinctions are
rather arbitrary, and that the interests of science would have
been promoted if many of the so-called species of Bela had not
been described. B. elegans, Moller (PL 29, fig. 53), and B. angu-
losa (PL 28, fig. 46) of Sars, may be considered slight variations
of this species.

B. SARSII, Yerrill. PL 28, fig. 49.

This name was proposed for the species figured by Sars for
B. cancellata. The whorls are obtusely shouldered, the ribs
fewer and stronger, and nearly straight, crossed by rather distant
revolving grooves, giving it a coarsely cancellated or tesselated
subnodulous surface. Length, 10 mill.

Norway; Labrador t
B. CINEREA, Moller. PL 28, fig. 48.

Shell scarcely shouldered, with numerous narrow ribs, and
many spiral striae ; aperture broadly truncate below.
Length, 22 mill.

Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen.
Barely distinguishable from the last species.

B. DECLIVIS, Love'n. PL 28, fig. 38.

Shell longer in the spire and narrower, proportionally, than
B. cinerea, with slightly stronger shoulder, fewer ribs and

BEL A. 219

revolving striae, the sculpture cancellated ; aperture broadly
truncate below. Length, 22 mill.

Norway, Faroe Islands.
Yar. augustior, Jeffreys, is said to be narrower and smaller.

B. OBLTQUA, Sars. PL 28, fig. 50.

Shell turriculated, with shouldered whorls, the shoulder acute
and tuberculated by the terminations of thirteen to sixteen nar-
row oblique ribs, having much wider interspaces which are
covered b}r revolving striae ; aperture rather short, broadly
truncate below. Length, 10 mill.

Norway.

B. TURRICULA, Montagu. PL 30, fig. 93 ; PL 27, fig. 22 ; PL 28,
figs. 41, 44, 45 ; PL 29, fig. 57 ; PL 33, fig. 60.

Shell narro'v, turriculated, the shoulder acute, with the ribs
strongly projecting above it and then running across to the
sutures; ribs about sixteen, nearly straight, prominent, crossed
by very close, rather fine revolving striae ; aperture rather nar-
row; canal narrow and produced. Length, 17 mill.

Europe, Nova Zembla, Greenland.

B. scalaris, Moller, B. scalaroides, Sars (PL 28, fig. 59), B.
Woodiana, Moller?, B. harpularia, var. rosea, Sars (PL 28, fig.
37), are synonyms of the typical form. B. Dowsoni and robusta
of S. Y. Wood are here referred by Dr. Jeffreys ; and among the
older names may be cited B. alba, Pennant, B. angularis, Donov.,
and B. discrepans, Brown. B. nobilis, Moller (PL 28, fig. 41),
and its synonym B. angulata, Morch, designate a variety with
more strongly marked shoulder on the whorls. B. exarata,
Moller, and B. harpularia, Sars, not Couth. (PL 28, fig. 45), B.
rugulata, Sars (PL 33, fig. 60), B. assiwilis, Sars (PL 28, fig. 44),
and perhaps B. mitrula^Ltoven (PL 29, fig. 57), are synonyms.

B. HARPULARIA, Couthouy. PL 29, fig. 51.

Shell slightly round-shouldered, with 17-20 low oblique ribs
and fine revolving striae ; pale reddish brown or rosy, when fresh,
frequently yellowish or white. Length, 13-17 mill.

Long Island Sound to Nova Scotia.

This species is often confounded with the preceding one, but
differs in its obtusely rounded shoulder, lower and more numerous

220 BELA.

ribs, usually lower spire, finer spiral sculpture, etc. Towards its
northern limit it becomes rather rare, according to Prof. Yerrill.
Sars' figure of B. harpularia appears to represent a variety of
B. turricula.

B. AMERICANA, Packard. PI. 33, fig. 64; PI. 29, fig. 68.

Shell thin, inflated, body-whorl rather wide, spire short;
shoulder strongly defined, with the ribs crossing it ; ribs 13 to 15,
rather high and narrow, somewhat oblique, with wider inter-
spaces ; revolving sculpture very distinct on the interspaces,
less distinct on the ribs ; whitish or yellowish white.

Length, 18-20 mill.

Cape Cod to Greenland. ? Norway.

The shell figured by Sars as B. nobilis, Moller, juv. (fig. 42)
appears to = this species, but fig. 19 in the Moll. Norv. better
represents B. turricula. The shell very usually occurs under
the latter name in American collections, but appears to differ
sufficiently in its shorter, wider form, thinness, etc. B. turricula
is essentially European in distribution ; B. Americana, on the
contrary, American.

Yar. GOULDII, Yerrill. PL 29, fig. 68.

Ribs sharper, more produced on the shoulder-angle, no spiral
lines on the shoulder, those on the middle of the body-whorl
fewer and more distant than in the typical form.

Massachusetts to Nova Scotia.
B. IMPRESSA, Beck. PL 33, fig. 69.

Shell wide, with short spire, and sloping but rather well-
defined shoulder ; densely costulate longitudinally, crossed by
about ten spiral riblets, forming a cancellated surface ; yellowish
ash-color. Length, 15 mill.

Spitzbergen ; Nova Zembla.

B. CONCINNULA, Yerrill. PL 29, fig. 54 ; PL 27, fig. 27.

Shoulder sloping, the angle not acute ; ribs numerous, often
20 to 25, crossed by strong spiral lines, forming a nodulous
surface, including the shoulder; whitish under a pale greenish
epidermis. Length, 10-1T5 mill.

New England to Nova Scotia.

The sloping shoulder, less defined carination, tuberculated

BELA. 221

surface and canal distinguish this from B. exarata (a form of B.
turricula). A var. acuta is described by Prof. Yerrill as having
a more slender form, with a longer and more acute spire and
narrower aperture, the whorls more flattened, the nodules on the
shoulder more prominent and sharper, and the carina higher;
there are intermediate forms between this and the type. It is
the B. mitrula of Verrill, not Loven. B. Molleri, Reeve (PI. 27,
fig. 27), is a rather problematical species, which Petit refers to
B. Trevelyana, and Jeffreys to B. exarata, Moll. It appears to
me to agree better with this species ; it is a young shell, the
figures being about twice its natural size, and its identification
with B. concinnula is not sufficiently certain to authorize a
change of name.

B. TREVELYANA, Turton. PL 33, fig. 65 ; PL 27, fig. 29.

Shell somewhat thin, ovately fusiform, subventricose ; whorls
six, slightly planate above the carina ; aperture nearly equally
contracted above and below; outer lip a little insinuate below
the shoulder ; surface lightly decussated by inconspicuous longi-
tudinal plications, evanescent below the middle of the body-whorl,
and close, fine revolving striae ; whitish. Length, 8-13 mill.

Europe, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Boreal America.

A smaller, more fragile and more delicately sculptured species
than B. turricula, with shorter spire, and more oval form. The
synonymy includes B. decussata, Macgill. (PL 27, fig. 29) and
B. reticulata, Brown. The latter name has priority, but may be
regarded as obsolete. A variety Smithii, described by Jeffreys,
is doubtfully referred by Yerrill to B. incisula, Verrill (=
decussata, Couth, var.).

B. CONOIDEA, Sars. PI. 29, fig. 61.

Shell narrow, with long spire ; whorls seven, convex, without
carina; plications slight, somewhat sigmoid, almost obsolete on
the body-whorl: everywhere covered with moderately strong
revolving striae ; white. Length, 15 mill.

Norway.
B. LYCIACA, Forbes. PL 27, fig. 28.

Shell rather shortly fusiform, whorls convex, narrowed at the
upper part, longitudinally ribbed, with revolving elevated strise,

222 BELA.

the alternate ones rather larger ; aperture lanceolately ovate ;
canal rather long, straight. Length, 6 mill.

Cape Artimesium, Coast of Asia Minor, 80 fins. (Forbes).
This species (evidently immature) has not been obtained since.

B. FIDICULA, Gould. PI. 32, fig. 17.

Whorls seven, broadly shouldered ; about twenty-four longi-
tudinal plications, crossed and decussated by more crowded
delicate revolving lines • dirty- white. Length, *45 inch.

Puget Sound.
B. SUBLTJTA, Gould. PI. 33, fig. 18 ; PL 34, fig. 75.

Shell thin, turreted, with elevated spire ; whorls seven or eight,
slightly round-shouldered ; there are twelve obtuse ribs not quite
reaching the sutures, the interstices showing evanescent, epi-
dermal, revolving lines ; pale ash, stained with light yellowish
brown, tip of beak and interior dark chestnut, with a narrow
white fascia. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This shell is possibly Patagonian ; it has the peculiar appear-
ance of the Magellanic molluscan fauna. I think that the Pata-
gonian B. Cunninghami, Smith (fig. 75), will prove to be a
synonym.

Unfigured and undetermined species of Bela.

B. PLICIFERA, Wood (Crag Mollusca.) This species has, according
to Leche, been found living. The original figure and descrip-
tion will apply sufficiently well to a dozen recent forms, and
the identification of it must therefore be considered very
doubtful.

B. EOBUSTA, Packard (fossil). Labrador.

B. UNDATELLA, Gould. Off Coast of Georgia, 400 fms.

B. TURGIDA, Gould. Kamtschatka.

B. BLAKEANA, Dall,and vars. NORMALTS and EXTENSA.

Caribbean Sea,.

B. FILIFERA, Dall. Caribbean Sea.

B. HARVEYI, Verkriizen. Newfoundland.

B. GILPINI, Verkr. Bay of Fundy.

B. MULTICOSTATA, Verkr. Bay of Fundy.

BEL A. 223

B. UNDATA, Yerkr. Bay of Fundy.

B. BRACHYSTOMA, Pfeiffer. (Adams' Genera, i, 92).
B. PULLA, Reeve. (Adams' Genera, i, 92.)

B. EXCURVATA, Carpenter. Pugefs Sound.

? B. RUBESCENS, Jeffreys. Holsteiriborg.

B. JESSOENSIS, E. A. Smith. Japan.

? B. MITRALIS, Adams and Angas. Port Jackson, Australia.

? B. AUSTRALIS, Adams and Angas. So. Australia.

B. WILLEI, Friele. Arctic Ocean.

B. OVALIS, Friele. Arctic Ocean.

B. VIRTDULA, Reeve, not Moller (PI. 21, fig. 20.) Greenland.

Morch considered this a synonym of Columbella Holbolii,
Beck = rosacea, Gould. See Manual, v, p. 160.

Section TYPHLOMANGELIA, Sars, 1818.
B. NIVALIS, Loven. PI. 7, fig. 92.

Shell turreted, with a long spire; white; whorls ten, the
periphery tuberculated longitudinally, the ribs which give rise
to them very short ; covered by close revolving striae ; shoulder
of the whorls slanting. Length, -85 inch.

Shetland, Norway.

Section H^EDROPLEURA, Monterosato, 1883.
B. SEPTANGULARIS, Montagu. PI. 21, figs. 8, 9 ?; PI. 22, fig. 42.

Shell subulate, smooth, without shoulder ; longitudinal plicae
seven or eight, including the varicose lip, short, low, not attaining
the middle of the body-whorl, but starting from the suture ;
pinkish white. Length, 14 mill.

Europe.

Differs from the true Belas in several particulars, besides distri-
bution, and has the general appearance of Mangilia ; but must
be separated from that genus (in our very artificial classification),
on account of having an operculum. The synonymy includes
B. costata, Donov., B. secalina, Phil. (PI. 22, fig. 42), a small
form, and B. Petitii, Maravigna, which = the latter. B. Ginnan-
iana, Reeve, not Risso (PI. 21, fig. 9), is here referred by
Forbes and Hanley — a very doubtful identification.

224 BELOMITRA, LACHESIS.

B. RUFA, Montagu. PI. 32, fig. 35.

Whorls seven, rather convex, very slightly shouldered ; ribs
14 or 15, narrower than the interstices ; surface covered with fine
close revolving striae ; chocolate-brown, the ribs lighter colored.

Length, 13 mill.

Europe.

The synonymy is enormous, including B. Kieneri, Marav., B.
chordula, Turton (juv.), B. nigra, Potiez et Mich., B. fusca, B.
discors, B. castanea and B. discrepant of Brown, and perhaps
also B. alba and B. minima of the same author.

Jeffreys distinguishes the following varieties : —
Var. LACTEA. Shell white.

Yar. SEMICOSTATA. Lower whorls ribless ; shell often larger.
Yar. UHLIDEANA, Thompson. Shell orange-brown or fawn-color,

with stronger sculpture.
Yar. CRANCHII, Brown. Ribs twisted.

Yar. ANGUSTA. Shell narrower, and slender, with sharp and
oblique ribs.

Subgenus BELOMITRA, Fischer, 1882.
B. PARADOXA. Fischer.

Shell elongatety fusiform, whitish, whorls eight, the embryonal
obtuse, mammillate, the others slightly convex, angulately cari-
nated in the middle, with about twelve subarcuate longitudinal
ribs, which become evanescent below the middle of the body-
whorl, and revolving strine ; aperture oblong, narrow ; lip obso-
letely sinuous behind, smooth within ; columella nearly vertical
with six or seven oblique narrow plications ; canal short.

L. 28, diam. 9 ; L. apert. 14 mill.

Atlantic, 627 metres.

Locality not given. Unfigured.

Genus LACHESIS, Risso, 1826.

L. MINIMA, Montagu. PI. 32, figs. 21, 24 ; PI. 27, fig. 4.

Shell solid, opaque, rather glossy ; ribs nine or ten, crossed by
fifteen to twenty broad, flattened spiral ridges on the body-whorl,
four on the spire whorls ; apex globular, twisted on one side ;
whorls five to six, rather convex ; outer lip varicose without,

LACHESIS. 225

toothed within, without sinus; color usually reddish brown,
sometimes spotted ; operculum yellowish. Length, 5-8 mill.

British Channel to Southern Europe, W. Africa.

The spire is sometimes truncated in live specimens. On the
Southern Coast of England and the Channel Islands the species
is common but local, in the laminarian zone, upon rocky and
stony ground. The animal swims with the foot upwards.

There is a large synonymy : Fusus turritellatus, Desh., Fusus
subnigrus, Brown, L. mamillata, Risso (fig. 14), PI. Chauveti,
and PI. perlatum, Requien, Murex Folineae, Chiaje, granulata,
Risso, PL multiplicata (Forbes), Reeve (PL 27, fig. 4), BUG.
Lefebrui, Marav. There are a number of color varieties distin-
guished by Jeffreys, Monterosato and Tiberi.

L. VULPECULA, Monterosato. PI. 33, fig. 67.

Whorls very convex, with deeply impressed sutures, spire
longer, canal more pronounced, longer than in L. minima, some-
what recurved, aperture not toothed ; sculpture strong but narrow,
forming a clathrate surface. Length, 5*3 mill.

Mediterranean.

It is L. recondita, Brugnone.

L. CANDIDISSIMA, Phil. PI. 32, fig. 23, 22.

Shell of seven whorls, strongly granulated by decussating
sculpture ; outer lip toothed within ; usually white, sometimes
yellowish, or with the granulations darker. Length, 10 mill.

Mediterranean; W. Africa.

The colored variety referred to above is L. lineolata, Tiberi
(fig. 22) = L. Massena, Chiaje, not Risso.

L. FOLINE^E, Phil. PL 32, fig. 25.

Shell ovate-fusiform, of six rather flattened whorls, with
shallow longitudinal and revolving grooves, cutting the surface
into squares ; lip with two remote tubercles ; canal suboblique,
very short, dilated at the base ; surface fuscous, the sulci fulvous
or white. Length, 7*5 mill.

Mediterranean (very rare).

This is L. areolata, Tiberi, and Fusus granulat us, Calcara.

L. PELLIS-PHOC^E, Reeve. PL 27, fig. 3.

Shell with close, fine, longitudinal and revolving lines, lip

226 LACHESIS.

dentate within ; chocolate, with usually a narrow lighter or white
line at the suture. Length, 10 mill.

St. Thomas, W. I. (Swift.)

L. JAPONICA, A. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 78.

Shell with about 20 arcuate longitudinal ribs crossed by rather
finer striae ; lip somewhat thickened externally, thin and crenu-
late at the margin, very faintly sinuated near the suture, with
about ten short fine Urge near the edge internally ; yell< «wish
white with chestnut stains, or entirely chestnut.

Length, 12 mill.

Japan.
L. TURQUETI, Velain. PI. 30, fig. 95.

Longitudinal ribs, rounded, rather coarse, crossed by revolving
grooves ; aperture narrow, canal very short and open, lip slightly
thickened, not crenulated within ; yellowish brown.

Length, 4 mill.

Isle of St. Paul. Indian Ocean.

Velain calls attention to the resemblance of this shell to the
genus Etallonia, formed by Deshayes for eocene species of the
Paris basin. Deshayes considered Etallonia between Bulla and
Ringicula, but Mr. Yelain thinks it should rather be referred to
the Pleurotomidae.

L. MERIDIONALIS, E. A. Smith. PL 32, fig. 26.

Whitish, of six convex whorls, turreted ; with coarse longitu-
dinal ribs, and revolving grooves, the former obsolete on the
lower half of the body-whorl ; on the periphery, two stronger
grooves cut the ribs into a single series of tubercles ; two apical
whorls large and smooth. Length, 4'3 mill.

Strait of Magellan.
Un figured Species.

L. GRANULATISSIMA, Morch. W. Coast Central America.

L. CRATICULATA, Morch. Same Habitat.

L. PERLATA, Morch. Same Habitat.

L. SULCATA, Hutton. New Zealand.

L. CANDIDISSIMA, C. B. Ad., West Indies, is referred here by H.
and A. Adams, but is a Mangilia, probably.

BORSONIA. 227

Genus BORSONIA, Bellardi, 1846.

In the fossil Borsonia prima, the shell is fusiform, the lip not
varicose, the columella with a single plait, high up ; but in some
fossil species there are indifferently one or two plaits, so that
Cordiera (= Scobinella) is generally considered synonymous.
The following recent species, referred to Borsonia, are now
placed here with some hesitation ; the plications being usually
more numerous, and the shells otherwise resembling that section
of Mangilia for which the name Glyphostoma has been proposed.
Unfortunately, the operculum of none of the species has been
noticed ; and I really doubt its existence in any of them. My
conviction is that these forms will all be found to be Glypho-
stomse, and that the diagnosis of that group will need to be'
enlarged to include species having several as well as many
columellar plications.

B. CRASSI COST ATA, Pease. PL 34, fig. 94.

Shell fusiform, shining, longitudinally coarsely ribbed, crossed
by revolving raised striae ; whorls rounded, with well-impressed
sutures ; aperture narrow ; outer lip denticulated within ; canal
short, slightly recurved, light yellow or pink. Length, 7 mill.

Sandwich Islands, Paumotus.
B. BIFASCIATA, Pease.

Shell fusiform, shining, longitudinally coarsely ribbed ; crossed
by coarse raised stride ; whorls rounded at the sutures ; outer
lip thick, incurved, serrated on the edges at the termination of
the transverse striae ; canal short and slightly recurved ; color
white ; two light brown bands on each whorl.

Sandwich Islands.

Not figured, and I have no specimens ; the description may
be compared with B. nigrocincta, Montr.

B. LUTEA, Pease.

Shell fusiform, solid, shining; whorls convex, angulated at
the sutures, longitudinally regularly and closely ribbed, crossed
by regular transverse ridges ; aperture narrow ; outer lip thick,
denticulated within ; canal produced and recurved ; light
yellowish brown.

Sandwich Islands.

Unfigured.

228 CLAVATULA.

B. NEBULOSA, Pease.

Shell fusiformly oblong, finely ribbed longitudinally, striated
transversely, forming regular granules ; sutures slightly angu-
lated and smooth ; aperture oval ; outer lip slightly incurved
and serrated on its edge, striated internally ; canal slightly pro-
duced and incurved ; white, marked with irregular, interrupted,
longitudinal brown lines.

Sandivich Islands.

Unfigured.

B. GILIBERTI, Souverbie. PI. 25, fig. 58.

Shell pink, with a central chestnut band ; lip with 7-8 interior
plications ; columella with 3-4 ascending plications.

Length, 10 ? mill.

Lifou Island, N. Caledonia.

Described from a single specimen.

B. NIGROCINCTA, Montrouzier. PI. 19, fig. 62.

Yellowish white, with two narrow dark chestnut lines on the
body-whorl, the upper one of which appears on the spire ; lip
with about 5-6 plications within, columella with several (3-4)
ascending plications, continuations of the revolving sculpture
of the outer surface. Length, 8-9 mill.

New Caledonia (Montr.), Andaman Is. (Nevill).

Unfigured Species.

B. CORRUGATA, Pease, MS. Carpenter referred this, as a syn-
onym, to B. nebulosa, Pease ; but Pease says that this is an
erroneous determination, that B. corrugata is a unique shell
in his collection. It has not been published.

B. PUSILLA, Dunker. Upolu.

B. CEROPLASTA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. Ind.

B. SILICEA, Watson. Off Pernambuco.

II. Clavatulinse.
Genus CLAVATULA, Lamarck, 1801.

C. LELIEURI, Recluz. PI. 8, fig. 20.

Shell turreted ; whorls smooth and concave above, with
revolving raised lines below the bicarinated periphery ; yellowish
brown, the upper portion of the whorls with large brown

CLAVATULA. 229

maculations and a revolving series of small brown spots just

above the lower carina. Length, 33 mill.

Senegal^
Very doubtfully distinct from the following species.

C. MURICATA, Lam. PI. 8, figs. 22, 21, 15-19, 27; PL 30, figs.
77,83.

Upper portion of whorls smooth and concave, with a sutural
band of tubercles, sometimes becoming spinose ; the periphery
angulated, and tuberculate, as well as the body-whorl below it,
caused by rude curved longitudinal ribs crossed by revolving
sculpture ; light yellowish brown, sometimes fasciated ; aperture
occasionally light violaceous, but mostly white.

Length, 40 mill.

W. Coast of Africa, South Africa.

Varies much in form and in the degree of development of the
tubercles and spines ; the younger and less robust specimens also
have a somewhat longer canal. I include here several specific
names heretofore regarded as distinct forms : C. virginea
(Chemn.), Reeve (fig. 21), is a spineless form, the name of which
would have priority, if it were binomial ; it is, however, "Murex
Turris virgineus," which is not admissable. The name which I
have adopted for the whole series of forms is that one which is
in most common use, and represents the usual state of the
species. Other synon3rms are Murex mitratus, Wood, Murex
Turris coronatus, Chemn., Murex clavatulus, Dillw., P. cornea,
Enc}Tc. Meth., C. bimarginata, Lam. (fig. 15), C. diadema,
Kiener (fig. 18), a younger and thinner shell, perhaps inhabiting
more quiet localities than the heavier specimens ; G. gravis,
Hinds (fig. 16), C. sacerdos, Reeve (PL 18, fig. 19; PI. 30, fig.
77), C. mystica, Reeve (fig. 27), a very similar form to the last.

Yar. RUBRIFASCIATA, Reeve. PL 8, fig. 17 ; PL 30, fig. 83.

Shell yellowish brown, banded with bright red and ash-color.
Appears to be connected with the typical species through C.
ferruginea, Maltzan (PL 30, fig. 83), described as an entirely
ferruginous-colored variety of G. rubrifasciata.

C. IMPERIALIS, Lam. PL 8, fig. 13.

Shell ovate, short, ventricose, clothed with a thick, dark olive-
colored epidermis; whorls angulated above, the angle having a

230 CLAVATULA.

row of scale-like tubercles ; columella covered with a thick white
callus ; interior of aperture stained above and below with violet.
Length, 55 mill.

Cabenda, W. Coast of Africa ; 5 fms., in soft mud,

washed down b}^ the waters of the Congo.
A rare species, from its appearance probably an inhabitant of
brackish water.

C. IMPLICATA, Reeve. PL 8, fig. 23.

Shell pyramidally turreted, whorls depressed around the upper
part, with revolving rows of nodules below, upper row on the
periphery -angle, and duplicate ; covered with a thick olivaceous
epidermis, aperture whitish. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Described from a single specimen. Its characteristics appear
to be the long spire, and double row of tubercles on the shoulder-
angle.

C. COLINI, Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 84.

Rosaceous, with a superior, and an inferior brown band.

Length, 1 inch.

W. Africa.

A narrower form, with longer spire than any other species
except (7. implicata, from which it may be distinguished bty its
carina and more pronounced canal, as well as b}^ color. I doubt
whether it is really distinct from C. muricata.

C. OERULEA, Weinkauff. PL 5, figs. 59, 60.

Shell narrowly turreted, strongly keeled, the keel tuberculated,
with revolving, sometimes granulous striae below it, the granules
more apparent at the base ; bluish, the tubercles white, with the
interstices purplish. Length, 20 mill.

W. Africa (Maltzan).

According to Maltzan the shell is white, with two corneous-
bluish bands. The appearance of the figure, especially of the
canal, indicates a young shell.

C. PATRUELIS, E. A. Smith. PL 32, fig. 39.

Reddish brown, with a white narrow band on the periphery,
and, on the body-whorl, a second inferior band ; whorls twelve
and a-half, with obsolete flexuous longitudinal plications, crossed

W^JV£tf£

PERRONA;

by revolving lines ; nodulous at the periphery, and less distin<
so infer iorly. Length, 27 mill.

Japan.

I include this species in Clavatula on account of the opercu-
lum, which has a subcentral nucleus, rather near the inner
margin.

C. TEXTILIS, Hinds. Straits of Macassar.

Shortly diagnosed in Zool. Proc., 1843, but not included with
the other species in the Moll, of Yoy. Sulphur, nor figured in
Reeve's Iconica. The species must, therefore, have been either
mislaid or discovered to have no claim to recognition. Clava-
tula, according to Hinds, contained numerous species now
excluded from that group.

Subgenus PERRONA, Schum., 1817.

Dr. Fischer has separated Tomella, Swainson, as a subgenus,
characterized by spire not carinated, sinus wide near the middle
of the outer lip; type, C.lineata. The position of the sinus in
that species depends upon the extent of the callosity upon the
upper part of the inner lip, and the spire is so variable, some
specimens of undoubted lineata being subcarinate, that I do not
think the distinction can be maintained.

C. LINEATA, Lam. PI. 8, figs. 10, 11.

Shell smooth, body-whorl more or less constricted above, the
spire sometimes very short, and sometimes long ; whitish or
yellowish brown, thickly flexuously longitudinally lineated with
chestnut or chocolate. Length, 1-1'5 inches.

W. Africa ; Cape of Good Hope.

C. TAXUS, Chemn. PI. 8, fig. 14; PI. 32, fig. 15.

Shell yellowish brown, nexuously lineated with chestnut, under
a thick olivaceous brown epidermis ; whorls constricted above,
slightly nodulously longitudinally plicate below, and flexuously
longitudinally striate ; aperture brownish.

Length, 2'75-4 inches.

Cape of Good Hope.
C. OBESA, Reeve. PI. 8, figs. 9, 4.

Whorls corded below the suture, with a constriction below the
16

232 PERRONA.

cord ; yellowish white, flexuously lineated with chestnut, the
corded portion white. Length, 40 mill.

W. Africa.

Possibly only a heavy shelled variety of C. lineata. I think
that C. tripartita (Smith), Weinkauff (fig. 4), is synonymous, as
I have specimens intermediate between the two forms.

C. SPIRATA, Lam. PL 8, fig. 5.

Whorls constricted around the upper part, with a rather sharp
ridge next the suture, and an obtuse angle below the constric-
tion; yellowish, mottled and striped with chestnut.

Length, 1-1-5 inches.

W. Africa.
C. PERRON, Chemnitz. 1*1. 8, fig. 8.

Shell fusiform, turreted, rather smooth^ pale yellow; whorls
flat, with flexuous longitudinal lines, slightly angulated round
the upper part, lower portion of the last whorl contracted and
with several regular, distant revolving ridges ; sinus nearly cen-
tral. Length, 27 mill.

W. Africa (Mar rat).

Is an intermediate form between C. lineata and C. spirata —
which should probably be merged in one species. Chemnitz
adopted a Dutch name " the perron," for this species, and Reeve
erroneously supposing it to be in honor of a naturalist, changed
its form to (7. Perronii.

C. MONILE, Yal. PL 7, fig. 96.

Chestnut-brown, with a subsutural band maculated with
darker chestnut spots ; surface finely decussated with longitu-
dinal and spiral striae* Length, 1 inch.

Australia.

Pleur. monile being preoccupied by Brocchi for a fossil species,
Desmoulins changed the name to Quoyi ; but the species figured
under the latter name by Reeve and Weinkauff appears to me to
be very distinct In the present group the specific name monile
is not preoccupied ; I therefore restore it.

C. GRACILIOR, Sowb. (Unfigured.) Habitat unknown.

C. TUMIDA, Sowb. (Unfigured.) Agulhas Bank, So. Africa.

CLIONELLA. 233

Subgenus CLIONELLA, Gray, 1847.
C. STRIATA, Kiener. PI. 9, fig. 53.

Shell olive-yellow, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, with fine
revolving striae, lip simple, sinus broad. Length, 1'5 inches.

Habitat unknown.

Schrenck includes this species in his Moll, of Amurl.,but very
probably, as Weinkauff has pointed out, Crassispira Clionellde-
formis was mistaken for it.

C. ROSARIA, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 51.

Shell shortly subulate, truncated at the base, whorls plaited,
smooth, aperture short; bright scarlet-rose, uppermost part of
the whorls white-zoned. Length, 22 mill.

So. Africa.
C. SIGILLATA, Reeve. PI. 9, figs. 47, 48.

Shell pyramidally ovate, transversely somewhat obscurely
striated ; whorls channeled around the upper part, faintly
nodosely, obliquely plicated beneath the channel ; pale reddish
chestnut, aperture and columella yellowish white.

Length, 32 mill.

So. Africa.
C. SEMICOSTATA, Kiener. PI. 9, fig. 46.

Whorls with shallow channel above, periphery nodulous by the
terminations of short, oblique, rather distant ribs ; sinus broad ;
light yellowish brown. Length, 1-75 inches.

So. Africa.
C. SINUATA, Born. PI. 9, fig. 50.

Whorls with a narrow channel above, the periphery with a row
of small nodules, terminating short, low, flexuous plicate ribs ;
pale rusty brown, under a blackish brown epidermis.

Length, 2 inches. So. Africa.

Equally well known under its later name of C. Buccinoides,
Lam.

C. NUX, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 49.

Shell ovate, whorls convex, slightly concave at the upper part,
last whorl rather gibbous ; canal very short, truncated ; sinus
rather broad ; reddish chestnut, columella and interior white.

Length, -75 inch.

So. Africa.

234 PUSIONELLA.

C. RUBINICOLOR, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 55.

Whorls with a nodulous periphery, and shallow shoulder above
it ; last whorl with slight revolving striae towards the base ;
orange-red, nodules whitish. Length, -75 inch.

Hab. unknown .

Perhaps does not belong to this group.

C. BORNII, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope.

0. BIPARTITA, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured).

Port Elizabeth, So. Africa.

C. SUBVENTRICOSA, E. A. Smith. (Untigured.) So. Africa.

C. PLATYSTOMA, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope.
C. KRAUSSII, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope.
C. QUADRUPLEX, Watson. (Unfigured.) 1000 fms. W. of Azores.

Genus PUSIONELLA, Gray, 1847.

P. VALIDA, Bunker. PI. 31, figs. 9, 10.

Shell smooth, ponderous, whorls 11-12, flatly rounded, with
two or three striae around the upper portion, and several at the
base of the body-whorl ; light yellowish brown.

Length, 3 inches.

Pacific Ocean ? (Dunker).

This is probably a West African shell as are all the other
species of the genus, except P. rapulum. I suspect that the
young shell which Philippi calls Fusus candidus (fig. 10), may
belong here ; it is W. African.

P. ACULEIFORMIS, Lam. PL 31 > figs. 2, 3.

Shell elongated, spire^whorls more or less plicately ribbed,
sometimes only the upper ones ; body-whorl smooth except at
the base, where there are revolving grooves ; very light grayish
yellow, or yellowish brown, or chestnut. Length, 1*75 inches.

W. Africa.

P. Catelini, Petit (fig. 3), is a shouldered variety; many of the
specimens exhibit some shoulder on the whorls.

P. VULPINA, Born. PL 31, figs. 4-6.

Shell stouter than the preceding species, no longitudinal ribs,
upper part of the whorls with two or three engraved revolving

PUSIONELLA. 235

lines, and several more at the base of the body-whorl ; otherwise
smooth and polished, or with microscopic revolving sTrue ;
chocolate-color, sometimes yellowish or orange-brown.

Length, 1*6 inches.

W. Africa.

This species is equally well known as P. buccinata, Lam. P.
albocincta, Petit (fig. 6), is a variety with a median white band ;
P. Recluziana, Petit (fig. 5), is a light-colored variety ; P. grandis,
A. Ad., an unfigured species, is evidently synonymous with the
latter.

P. MILLETI, Petit. PL 31, figs. 7, 8.

Shell whitish, or yellowish flesh-color, or brown, more or less
decussated by longitudinal and revolving engraved lines, some-
times forming granulations — especially on the spire ; the revolv-
ing lines prominent on the body-whorl, where the longitudinal
ones are usually subobsolete. Length, 1-5-2 inches.

W. Africa.

P. subgranulata, Petit (fig. 8), is a synonym, as are also prob-
ably the unfigured P. lirata, A. Ad,, and P. lupinus, Phil.

P. RAPULUM, Reeve. PI. 31, figs. 11, 12.

Shell oblong ovate, the whorls compressedly gibbous, forming
a round shoulder, constricted and with revolving striae towards
the base ; otherwise smooth, except that the upper whorls of the
spire are slightly longitudinally plicate; whitish, under a very
thin, smooth, yellowish brown epidermis, often yellowish brown
within the aperture ; a heavy, white callous deposit at the upper
extremity of the inner margin of the aperture.

Length, 1'5 inches.

Malacca (Cuming) ; Java (Petit).

P. Wallaysi, Petit (fig. 12), is a synonym.
P. NIFAT (Adanson) Bruguiere. PL 31, figs. 13, 14.

Whorls usually narrowly shouldered above, whitish under a
light olivaceous, thin epidermis, with several revolving series of
square chestnut spots ; base constricted, with a few engraved
striae. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches.

W. Africa ; Algiers.

Weinkauff dredged living specimens off the Algerian coast.
This is the Buccinum pusio of Born and Gmelin, but not of

236 SURCULA.

Linnaeus ; the usual shouldered form is also the P. scalarina,
Lam.

P. BECURVIROSTRIS, Marrat (unfigured). W. Africa.

No dimensions are given. ? = P. aculeiformis.

Genus SURCULA, H. and A. Adams, 1853.

With long canal.
S. MACULOSA, Sowerby. PL 5, fig. 57.

Smooth, or with light revolving striae, the shoulder of the
whorls angulated and defined by a row of tubercles ; flesh-
colored, light brown, or light purplish, with chestnut macula-
tions. L. 42, cliam. 13 mill.

West Columbia to Gulf of California.

S. BRUNNEOMACULATA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 71.

Shell stout, with a more turreted spire and more angulate
periphery and stronger nodules than ' S. maculosa, the whorls
also more distinctly spirally striate ; color j^ellowish brown with
chestnut maculations and interrupted bands.

? California (Frick).

Notwithstanding the differences above pointed out, the species
is evidently so closety allied to S. maculosa, that I have hesitated
to keep it separate. I scarcely think that Weinkauffs figure
represents the species.

S. AUSTRALIS, Roissy. PL 5, fig. 58 ; PL 2, fig. 9.

Shell yellowish white, encircled. by corded orange-brown ribs,
with several intermediate striae ; outer lip broadly rounded
above into the rather shallow sinus. L. 100, diam. 28 mill.

China Sea, Philippines.

S. turris, Yal. (fig. 9), is a synonym.

S. ARCUATA, Reeve. PL 5, fig. 61.

Shell arcuately fusiform, thin, inflated, rather transparent;
whorls lined and sharply keeled round the middle, keel painted
with regular brown spots; lip rounded, separated from the last
whorl by a broad sinus; canal slender, curved, equaling the
length of the spire. L. 43, diam. 13 mill.

Coast of Veragua, Central America (Hinds).

SUROULA. 237

S. TORNATA, Dillwyn. PL 5, fig. 62 ; PL 6, fig. 81.

Shell smooth, ivory-like, lower portion of body-whorl with
revolving striae, upper portion of the whorls broadly, concavely
channeled, sinus broad and shallow ; whitish or 3'ellowish,
flexuously strigated with light brown. L. 80, diam. 26 mill.

East Indies, Java.

Generally known as P. Javana, Linn., but that author's
description is of a ribbed shell — which this is not.

Yar. FULMINATA, Kiener. PL 6, fig. 81.

Shell smaller, proportionally wider, the revolving striae upon
the lower part of the bodyrwhorl stronger ; the color variegated
by strong flexuous longitudinal strigations or maculations.

L. 48, diam. 17 mill.

Java.

Barely distinguishable as a variety.

S. JAVANA, Linn. PL 5, figs. 63-65.

Whorls angular and tuberculated in the middle, the tubercles
developing from more or less indistinct oblique folds or ribs,
everywhere closely encircled by striae ; light yellowish brown,
the tubercles lighter. L. 56, diam. 23 mill.

Java, Malacca, Japan.

This is perhaps better known as S. nodi/era, Lam., the S.
Javana of authors (not Linn.) being the preceding species —
S. tornata, Dillwyn. S. Coreanica, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 64), is a
specimen not fully grown, and S. lurida, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 65),
is a small, darker hued, banded variety.

S. TUBERCULATA, Gray. PL 5, figs. 66, 67.

Whorls angulated, the angle defined by a row of tubercula-
tions, below them are several rows of granular revolving striae,
and towards the base the striae are continued but not granular ;
yellowish, punctate with chestnut. L. 25, diam. 9 mill.

Hong- Kong, Japan, Java, Australia.

With this species must be united S. punctata, Reeve (fig. 66).

S. OLIVACEA, Sowb. PL 5, figs. 69,70; PL 10, fig. 77; PL 34,

fig. 3.

Shell with 8-10 coarse, rounded longitudinal ribs, forming a
knobbed angle on each whorl, where they terminate, encircled

238 SURCULA.

by coarse riblets and striae; interior of outer lip generally
showing revolving striae ; yellowish brown, chestnut or chocolate,
under a light olivaceous or brownish epidermis, the projecting
portions of lighter color. Jj. 62, diam. 26 mill.

Panama to Gulf of California.

P. funiculata, Val. (fig. 70), and P. duplicata, Sowb. (fig. 77),
are synonyms. The species is a very common one in the Gulf
of California and at Mazatlan. Fig. 69, which represents the
typical olivacea, at first sight would be supposed to be distinct
from funiculata (fig. 70), and to approach the next species.
The shoulder is very narrow, so that the angle is not prominent.
I figure an intermediate form from Weinkauff (PL 34, fig. 3),
which he calls S. olivacea.

S. TUBERCULIFERA, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 5, fig, 68 ; PI. 10, fig. 60.

Whorls well rounded with strong rounded ribs, nodules forming
a single row on each whorl, with strong revolving striae ; yellowish
brown, darker banded above arid below the nodules, with some
additional brown revolving lines below the lowest band.

L. 63, diam. 22 mill.

Gulf of California.

Described from a specimen not fully grown (PI. 5, fig. 68).
Through the kindness of Mr. R. E. C. Stearns I am enabled to
give a figure of an adult of this fine species (PI. 10, fig. 60). I
have a specimen before me uniform yellowish brown, without
bands.

S. UNDATIRUGA, Bivona. PI. 5, figs. 71, 72; PL 6, figs. 73, 74.

Whorls angulated in the middle and nodulous on the angle,
above it the surface is smooth, below the nodules are continued
as flexuose wrinkles or ribs, becoming evanescent towards the
base of the aperture ; yellowish brown, with usually one or two
darker bands. L. 50, diam. 16 mill.

Sicily, Algiers, Spain, Teneriffe, W. Coast of Africa.

This is the S. balteala, Beck, of Kiener (fig. 72), S. corrugata,
Kiener (fig. 74), and S. tenuis, Gray (fig. 73). Monterosato
considers corrugata a synonymn, but he separates balteata and
tenuis as a variety under the name of similis, Bivona.

SURCULA. 239

S. KADERLYI, Lischke. PI. 6, fig. 75.

Whorls subangulated with about twelve oblique, rounded,
longitudinal ribs below 'the angle, surface decussated by growth-
lines and small revolving striae ; 3*ellowish white, with orange-
brown bands on the shoulder, at the base and intermediately —
three in all, the upper one appearing on the spire.

L. 67, diam. 24 mill, Japan.

S. PAUPERA, Watson,

Fusiform, decussated by spiral striae and growth-lines, whorls
angulated by a revolving row of tubercles, giving rise to short
longitudinal ribs, about thirteen in number on the body-whorl ;
spire high, conical, whorls 10-11 ; color buff-brown, under a
coarse, harsh yellowish epidermis. L. 1*75, diam. -68 in.

Aru 7s/., 800 fathoms, mud.

Dredged by the "Challenger" Expedition, and not yet
figured. It is described as a Drillia.

S. CLARA, von Martens. PI. 6, figs. 77, 77 a,

Whorls seven, spirally closely striate, decussated by growth-
lines, with a strong spiral carina ; sinus short and wide, extending
from the carina to the suture ; diaphanous white.

L. 36, diam. 13 mill.

Patagonia.
S. CARPENTERIANA, Gabb. PI. 7, fig. 3.

Shell fusiform, the whorls somewhat flattened, without angle,
carina or ribs, surface with close revolving lirse, sometimes
alternating in size ; sinus a mere sigmoid curve of the outer lip;
aperture scarcely narrowed into a canal below. Brownish orange,
with broken revolving bands of a light reddish brown ; these
bands usually occur on the larger liree, and are most closely
placed on the middle of the shell. L. 73, diam. 26 mill.

California.

It is a post-pliocene fossil, of which some specimens, retaining
the color (and therefore supposed to be recent) have been ob-
tained on the shore and by dredging.

S. PERVERSA, Gabb. PL 6, fig. 79.

Sinistral, elongate, slender, of 11-12 convex whorls, with very
flexuose growth-striae, and fine spiral lines ; aperture scarcely

240 SURCULA.

canaliculate, the outer lip sigmoid ; light reddish brown, under an
olivaceous epidermis, with a central broad white band, having ill-
defined edges ; columella and extremities of the shell also white.
L. 38, diam. 11 mill.

Catalina Isl., Gal.; Straits of Fuca.
S. VINOSA, Dall.

Sinistral, shorter and much less slender than the preceding
species, with a shorter canal and proportionally much larger
aperture, finely spirally striate ; uniform deep wine-brown or
claret-color.

Aleutian Islands.
S. STNISTRALIS, Petit. PI. 13. fig. 64.

Sinistral; ash-brown ; lightly decussately striated ; sinus broad ;
canal short. Length, 20 mill.

W. Coast of Africa (Petit).

S. PLUTEATA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 18 ; PL 30, fig. 82.

Shell narrowly fusiform, with elevated, acuminated spire and
long, narrow, twisted canal ; whorls with a shelf below the
sutures, and a central revolving carina of small nodules ; horn-
color, the nodules white ; sinus rather shallow and wide.

L. 30, diam. 7 mill.

Whydah, W. Africa.

Described by Reeve without locality, but I have the same
species before me, received from the Liverpool Museum, with
the above habitat, with the MS. name P. mandarina, Smith.

S. ANNULATA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 83.

Shell solid, with elongated spire and well-formed but rather
short canal ; whorls cingulated throughout. L. 48, diam. 15 mill.

Habitat ?
S. CATENA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 84.

Shell narrow, elongately fusiform, spire turreted, yellowish
gray ; whorls very convex in the middle as if suddenly swollen,
and bearing a row of oblique, white tubercles; lip thin, sinus
broad ; canal long and straight. L. 58, diam. 15 mill.

Habitat unknown.
With short canal.

S. ASTRICTA, Reeve. PL 6, figs, 85, 86 a ; PL 32, fig. 36.

Spire often truncate, the tip acuminate when present, whorls

SURCULA. 241

spirally ridged ; yellowish white, the superior ridge on each

whorl articulated with chestnut and white. L. 16, diam. G nrilh

Isl. Annaa (Cuming) ; Cook's Islands (Garrett).

This is the S. interrupta of Sowerby, ncH Lamarck; S. modesta

of Weink., not Sowb. (fig. 86 a).

S. CINCTA, Lamarck. PI. 6, fig. 86.

Spire convex in outline, slightly acuminated towards the tip ;
whorls encircled throughout with tumid ridges ; yellowish brown
or reddish brown, aperture same color. L. 14, diam. 5'5 mill.
Heal Llejos (probably erroneous), and Isl. Annaa

(Cuming); Mauritius (Weinkauff);

Viti Islands (Garrett).

This is the S. modesta, Sowb., and the shell described and
figured under that name by Weinkauff = the preceding species.

S. BTJUBATA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 8Y.

Shell chocolate-brown, encircled by narrow, lighter-colored
keels, the second keel, which is somewhat stronger than the
others, often broken up into small tubercles ; interior of aperture
chocolate-colored. L. 20, diam. 8 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Mauritius (Robillard) ;

Viti Isles (Garrett); Solomon Islands (Smith).
Distinguished from the preceding species by its narrower
form, longer spire, sharper ridges and darker color.

S. RADULA, Hinds. PI. T, figs. 89, 88, 90.

Shell dark brown, encircled by ridges of which the one
defining the shoulder-angle and those below it are granular or
tuberculate ; the angle-row usually white ; sometimes with
chestnut bands. L. 18, diam. 6 mill.

Red Sea, Malacca, Australia.

S. versicolor, Weink. (fig. 88), is merely a variegated speci-
men, and S. raduliformis,Wemk. (fig. 90), has the sculpture not
so strongly developed. I am inclined to think that P. Metcalfei,
Angas, P. obeliscus, Reeve, P. pyramidata, Val., which I have
treated under Drillia, will need to be united with this form when
fuller series shall be available for comparison.

242 SURCULA.

S. OWENII, Gray. PI. 7, fig. 91.

Whorls encircled by a row of compressed tubercles at the
periphery, and a smaller one beneath the suture ; below the
periphery granulated by the intersection of fine revolving riblets
and close curved growth costa* ; cream-brown or nearly white,
often orange-tinged at the extremity of the spire.

L. 30, diam. 11 mill.

Australia.
S. QUOYI, Reeve. PL 7, fig. 95.

Shell yellowish brown, with a double row of small, compressed
nodules on the periphery, above which the surface is slightly
concave to a subsutural, slightly nodulous band, which is
regularly square-spotted with chestnut ; lower part of body-
whorl with revolving, fine ridges and striae.

L. 28, diam. 12 mill.

Australia.

With this species Reeve and Weinkauff unite P. monile, Val. ;
it appears to me more nearly related to the group Perrona.

The following species of Surcula have been described by Rev.
Robert Boog Watson in the " Mollusca of the Challenger
Expedition." They have not been figured.

P. STAMINEA, Watson. Kerguelen, Prince Edward IsL, etc.

P. TRILIX, Watson. Kerguelen and Heard Isl.

P. LEPTA, Watson. Southern Ocean, Southeast of Australia.

(Resembles P. clara, von Martens, from Patagonia.)
P. ROTUND AT A, Watson. Pacific, East of Japan.

P. GONIODES, Watson. Southeast of La Plata.

(Resembles in a general way P. circinata, Dall.)
P. PLEBEIA, Watson. Off Pernambuco.

(Something like P. nodifera, Lam.)

P. SYNGENES, Watson. Off St. Thomas, West Indies.

P. HEMIMERES, Watson. Pernambuco.

P. ANTERIDION, Watson. Off Gape of Good Hope.

P. RHYSA, Watson. Pernambuco.

P. BOLBODES, Watson. Pernambuco.

P. ISCHNA, Watson. Northeast from New Zealand.

(Resembles P. emendata, Monterosato, of the Mediterranean.)

MANGILIA.

III. Mangiliinae.
Genus MANGILIA, RissQ, 1826.

M. VAUQUELINI, Payraudeau. PL 21, figs. 17, 18.

Shell pale yellowish or almost white, with distant strong ribs ;
the shoulder with brown dashes or spots, appearing on the ribs
only ; there is usually, on the body-whorl a central line of spots,
also on the ribs. Length, 9-12 mill.

Mediterranean, throughout ; Atlantic Coast

of Spain, Madeira, Canaries

The synonymy includes M. rigida, Reeve (fig. 18), M. unifas-
ciata, Costa (not Deshayes), and Fusus Rossmassleri, Anton.

Yar. BREVIS, Requien (= nana, Monts.), is smaller and pro-
portionally shorter than the type.

M. PACINIANA, Calcara. PL 32, fig. 33.

Shell with the whorls not shouldered, but ribbed as in the
preceding species, not striate ; yellowish or whitish, with brown
revolving lines. Length, 6 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

This species is also known as M. Sandrii, Brusina.

M. T^NIATA, Desh. PL 21, fig. 13.

Shell smooth, with shouldered whorls ; whitish or yellowish
brown, with narrow brown revolving lines. Length 9 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

M. eburnea, Bivona, is a synonym.

M. UNIFASCIATA, Deshayes. PL 34, fig. 88.

Shell white, with a broad brown band above the aperture,
reappearing on the spire, and another at the base of the body-
whorl. Length, 7 mill.

Morea, Algiers.

Weinkauff (Med. Meeres-Conchyl.) states that this species has
not been recognized since the publication of the original descrip-
tion and figure, but he thinks it may be synonymous with
Raphitoma costulata, Bfainv. ; Monterosato, however, enumerates
it among his Algerian shells (Jour, de Conch. 1877, 42).

244 MANGILIA.

M. BERTRANDI, Payr. PI. 21, fig. 12 ; PL 32, fig. 47.

Shell chestnut- or chocolate-brown, with usually an indistinct
central darker band, ribs often white; whorls rounded above,
without distinct shoulder. Length, 9-14 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

M. cxrulans, Phil., is a synonym. The M. casrulans figured
b}' Appelius (PL 32, fig. 47), and which Monterosato has named
M. indistincta, does not appear to differ materially ; it has not
been described.

M. COSTATA, Forbes and Hanley. PL 34, fig. 77 ; PL 32, fig. 37.

Shell with 7 or 8 stout ribs ; whorls without shoulder ;
spire var}Ting in length ; spire and upper half of the body-whorl
chestnut- or chocolate-color, lower half of body-whorl light
yellowish brown, sometimes yellowish brown with darker linea-
tions. Length, 12 mill.

Sweden to Mediterranean.

Mr. Jeffreys says : u The Murex costatus of Pennant is a
mixture of small shells belonging to different genera." I follow
him in ascribing the name to Forbes and Hanley who have
accurately diagnosed the species, rather than to any of those
earlier authors who used it indefinitely. The P. coarctata,
Forbes (fig. 37), is merely a larger form of this species, mainly
northern in distribution. M. pusilla, Reeve, and M. balteata,
Reeve, are both made synonyms by Forbes and Hanley ; they
are described without locality, but the former has shouldered
whorls and too many ribs, and the latter has been identified as
Australasian by Mr. Brazier, and as West Indian by Mr. Swift.

M. SICULA, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 10.

Shell chestnut- or chocolate-brown within and without, with
narrow brown lines, more conspicuous on the thickened lip,
which is lighter colored ; whorls rounded, rather gibbous, those
of the spire obtusely angulated. Length, 12 mill.

Sicily, Adriatic Sea.

PL plicatum, Phil., is a juvenile.

M. MULTILINEOLATA, Deshayes. PL 22, fig. 53.

Longitudinal ribs rather numerous, close together, curved ;

MANGILIA. 245

white, with chestnut, revolving lines, rarely unicolored or

unifasciate. Length, 7 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

M. ALBIDA, Deshayes. PL 32, fig. 32. s

Shell white, very slightly round-shouldered, with about ten
longitudinal ribs, and wider interspaces. Length, 6 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

Monterosato considers this a distinct species, but Weinkaulf
refers it to M. rugulosa. I have not seen specimens.

M. RUGULOSA, PhilippL PI. 22, fig. 44.

Shell whitish to yellowish brown, the whorls round-shouldered
above, the rude ribs with wider interspaces, crossed by elevated
revolving lines, some of them much larger than the rest, and
which are sometimes brown. Length, 6 mill.

Mediterranean Sea — England.

The distinctive character of this species, if it be one, is the
series of revolving, minute ridges and striae. M. Stossichiana,
Brusina, is a synonym, according to Weinkauff.

M. COMPANYOI, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. PI. 33, fig. 62.

Whorls convex, subangular above, with strong, distant ribs,
surface covered by extremely fine decurrent striae, visible only
with the microscope ; yellowish white, with numerous well-
marked, regular, darker, revolving lines. Length, 7 mill.

Roussilon, France.

I have not seen this species ; apparently it possesses but
slight distinctive characters.

M. SUBCLATHRATA, Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 87.

Turreted fusiform, sutures Well impressed ; ribs eleven, decus-
sated, and rendered nodulous by many undulating spiral riblets ;
lip thickened, denticulated, sinus small. Length, 6 75 mill.

Isl. Goree, West Coast of Africa.

M. STRUCKI, Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 88.

Turreted fusiform, with produced spire and deep sutures ;
reddish brown; ribs nine, straight, decussated and rendered
nodulous by spiral riblets ; sinus nearly obsolete, lips thickened
and dentate. Length, 5'5 mill.

Isl. Goree, West Coast of Africa.

246 MANGILIA.

M. GOREENSTS, Maltzan, PL 30, fig. 9L

Shell with about eight smooth costse, and wider interspaces
covered by revolving striae ; brownish, with the ribs white
towards the aperture. Length, 8 mill.

West Coast of Africa.
M. STELLATA, Stearns. PI. 34, fig. 84.

Shell turreted, yellowish, tinged more or less with reddish
brown; whorls seven, angulated above; suture distinct; with 12 or
13 strong, smooth longitudinal ribs, extending to the extremity
of the basal volution, which also shows near its termination a
few revolving lines ; labrum effuse, externally much thickened,
deeply notched near the suture. L. '35, lat. -14 inch.

Tampa Bay, W. Florida.

The lip and columella in most specimens are dark ferruginous
brown. I may add to the above description that the inter-
spaces . of the ribs, in one of the specimens before me, are
covered with fine revolving striae, and that another has a faint
central band. It has not been figured hitherto, and I therefore
give an illustration from a specimen from Tampa Bay which
appears to fairly represent the typical form.

M. LAQUEATA, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 30.

Ribs stout, few, remote ; sinus not very distinct ; dull white.
Considerably magnified, but no dimensions given.

West Indies (d'Orbigny).

The figure shows revolving colored lines, which are not
mentioned in the description.

M. LUCTUOSA, d'Orb. PI. 22, fig. 47.

Whorls very slightly round-shouldered, yellowish brown, with
about eleven darker longitudinal ribs, the interstices with
revolving striae ; aperture and lips dark brown. Length, 11 mill.

Cuba, Guadeloupe.

I am not acquainted with this species. Mr. E. A. Smith has
supposed it to be a Drillia, and as the specific name is preoccu-
pied in -that genus by Hinds, he has changed it to P. Cubensis.

M. PENTAGONALIS, Gray. PI. 21, fig. 30.

Shell white, smooth, longitudinally five-ribbed, ribs pointed at
the shoulder. Length, f> mill.

St. Vincent, West Indies.

MANGILIA. 24?

M. GUARANI, d'Orbigny. PI. 22, fig. 46 ; PL 18, fig. 21.

Brownish, sometimes with narrow, lighter bands ; ribs promi-
nent, rounded, crenulating the suture 4 there are elevated
revolving lines. Length, 5 mill.

West Indies (Reeve), Brazil (d'Orb.).

M. obesicostata, Reeve (PI. 18, fig. 21), from the West Indies is
evidently a synonym.

M. DYSONI, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 21.

Whitish, with two faint bands of orange-brown. Length, 9 mill.

Honduras (Dyson).
M. SYMMETEICA, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 40.

Whorls shouldered ; longitudinally ribbed, the interspaces
with very fine elevated stride ; yellowish brown, the shoulder
white. Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown (Mus. Cuming).

I can add nothing to the information concerning this species.

M. BALTEATA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 11.

Whorls obtusely slightly angulated in the middle ; ribs few,
narrow, with wide smooth interspaces ; white, with a median
chestnut zone. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat? (Reeve), West Indies (Swift).

Krebs considers M. densestriata, C. B Ad., a doubtful
synonym ; it is a white shell, without band, ribs 10 to 12, more
numerous than in the figure of balteata* the interstices very
finely striate transversely. I am not acquainted with the species,
but the characters appear to be sufficiently distinctive. Brazier
identifies an Australian shell with M. balteata.

M. BADIA, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 41.

Shell plicately ribbed, transversely strongly plicated; dark
chestnut-brown. Length, 5 mill.

Habitat? (Reeve), St. Thomas, W. I. (Krebs).

According to Krebs, M. crassicostata, C. B. Ad. (an unfigured
species), is a synonym.

M. TRILINEATA, C. B. Adams. PL 21, fig. 31 ; PL 18, fig. 36.
Shell narrowly shouldered, with small, close, numerous longi-
17

248 MANGTLIA.

tudinal ribs and impressed revolving striae ; whitish, with three
narrow brown bands, one of which appears on the spire-whorls.

Length, 6 mill.

West Indies.

Described and figured by Reeve as M. trifasciata, Gray, a few
months later than Adams' description. M. costata, Gray (PI. 18,
fig. 36), is the same species without bands, as first determined
by Krebs. The latter name being preoccupied by Pennant, Mr.
E. A. Smith has recently changed it to decora. Krebs thinks
that M. quadrilineata, Adams (unfigured), also belongs here.

M. ALBOVITTATA, C. B. Ad. PI. 21, fig. 32.

Ovately oblong, whorls with narrow shoulder ; longitudinally
strongly ribbed, ribs close-set, obtuse; white, orange banded.

Length, 6 mill.

West Indies.

Described and figured by Reeve a few months later, under the
name of M. luteo-fasciata, and without locality. Adams includes
revolving striae in his diagnosis ; they are not visible on the
figure. Hutton erroneously identified with this species a New
Zealand shell, afterwards distinguished as Drillia Sinclairi,
Smith.

M. HORNBECKII, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 6f.

Shell ovate, spire rather short, acute, sutures deep, somewhat
cavernous, longitudinally ribbed, ribs prominent, transversely

very minutely striated ; white. Length, 10 mill.

West Indies.

The following species, apparently of Mangilia (restricted),
have been described as West Indian, etc. ; they are unfigured
and unknown to me.

M. brevis, M. biconica, M. vicina, M. multilineata (= M. poly-
zonata, H. and A. Ad.), M. muricoides, M. dubia, M.fusca,
and M. candidissima, all of C. B. Adams. Jamaica.

M. cinctella, Pfeiffer. Cuba.

M. millestriata, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas, W. I.

M. inepta, E. A. Smith. Honduras.

MANGILIA. 249

M. hypsela, Watson. Off Pernambuco.

M. acanthodes, Watson. Bermuda, Azores.

M. corallina, M. tiara, Watson. Near St. Thomas, W. I.

M. macra, Watson. Azores.

M. eritmeta, Watson. Azores.

M. rufocincta, E. A. Smith. Porto Cavallo, So. America.

M. ligata, 0. B. Ad., H. and A. Adams, Genera. I have not
found any description of this species.

M. INTERLIRATA, Stearns. PI. 22, fig. 56.

Shell dark reddish brown, solid ; whorls eight, with 8-10 strong
longitudinal ribs, and 10-12 thread4ike, darker colored revolving
ribs in the interspaces only ; outer lip simple, somewhat
thickened. Length, '27 inch.

Monterey and San Diego, Gal.
M. HEXAGONA, Gabb.

Shell small, slender, fusiform ; spire subacute, nuclear whorls
two, smooth, normal whorls five, slightly subangular and orna-
mented by six large acute radiating ribs with broad, concave
interspaces ; besides these, the whole surface is cancellated by
minute raised lines ; color brownish white, ornamented by a few
reddish brown revolving bands, one much larger than the rest,
in the middle of the whorl ; aperture narrow, columella very
slightly twisted ; outer lip acute, sinus almost obsolete.

L. -34, lat. -1 ; L. apert. "15 inch.

Monterey, Gal. (2 specimens).
M. BELLA, Hinds. PI. 21, fig. 35.

Shell fusiform, attenuated below, slender, pale yellowish
brown ; whorls rounded, longitudinally ribbed, crossed with
white raised lines, banded with darker brown round the upper
part ; ribs slender, furnished with small scattered granules,
running into a simple suture ; lip thickened, sinus small, rather
wide. Length, 16 mill.

W. Goast of Central America.

M. STRIOSA, C. B. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 96.

Shell slender, dingy white, with a rather indistinct narrow
central brown band on the body-whorl ; longitudinal ribs 10-12,

250 MANGILIA.

slender, crossed by close elevated revolving lines; lip rather
sharp on the edge but thickened behind it by a stout rib.

Length, -3 inch.

Panama.

Not hitherto figured ; my illustration is from a specimen
which was obtained at Panama, and appears to correspond
closely with the description.

M. FOEMICARTA, Sowb. PL 21, fig. 38.

Shell acuminately oblong, longitudinally strongly ribbed,
interstices crossed with very fine striae ; pitch-black within and
without. Length, 8 mill.

Iquiqui, Peru, under stones (Cuming).

I am not acquainted with the species above so meagrely
described.

M. OBDTNARIA, E. A. Smith. PL 34, fig. 97.

Shell subturreted, yellowish brown; ribs 10-11, with strong
revolving striae or lirae, here and there larger ; lip thickened.

Length, 7*5 mill.

Chili and Peru.

This will probably prove identical with the last species.
Figured from a specimen.

M. CARPENTERI, Folin. PL 30, fig. 74.

Fulvous. Length, 4-5 mill.

Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina.

M. GODFROIDI, Folin. PL 30, fig. 70.
Very dark brown. Length, 4 mill.

Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina.
M, LEUCOLABRATUM, Folin. PL 30, fig. 72.

Brown, the upper portion of the whorls light yellowish.
Length, 3'8 mill.

Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina.
M. IMPERFECTUM, Folin. PL 28, fig. 43.

Reddish brown; sinus very shallow. Length, 4*2 mill.

Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina.

M. SULCATA, Carpenter. Unfigured. Described from a single
broken specimen, 2 inches long. Mazatlan.

MANGILIA. 25 1

M. CEREA, Carpenter. A single immature specimen described,
but not figured. Panama.

M. LEVIDENSIS, Carpenter. Pugvt Sound and Neah Bay.

M. ALBOLAQUEATA, Carpenter. From an imperfect, worn speci-
men ; lip broken. Panama.

M. HAMATA, Carpenter. Unfigured. Panama.

M. STELLATA, Morch. Unfigured. W. Coast Central America.

M. UNDATICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 34.

Shell fusiform, whorls slightly shouldered, with longitudinal,
waved ribs; whitish. Length, 9'5 mill.

Hab. ? (Reeve) ; Cape York, Australia, and

N. Guinea (Brazier).
M. CAVERNOSA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 26.

Shell narrowly shouldered ; ribs oblique, rather narrow ; white,
the shoulder light chestnut, with sometimes a few chestnut spots
on the body-whorl. Length, 9-10 mill.

N. S. Wales (Cox) ; Philippines (CumingX

M. FUNEBRIS, Reeve. PL 24, figs. 27, 18.

Shell smooth, the ribs rather solid, obtuse, with wider inter-
spaces ; yellowish brown, broad banded with chestnut, ribs
lighter colored than the interstices. Length, 9-11 mill.

Philippines.

M. pusilla, Reeve (fig. 18), appears to be identical.

M. HEXAGONALIS, Reeve. PL 20, figs. 1, 4.

Shell with six distant longitudinal continuous ribs, and rather
close revolving strise ; yellowish white. Length, 8 mill.

Philippines ; N. Australia ; N. Guinea.

The artificial and unnatural grouping of the Pleurotomidse is
well illustrated in this species, for M. obeliscus, Reeve (fig. 4),
which has a toothed aperture, and would therefore belong to
another section, is nevertheless specifically identical with M.
hexagonalis.

M. GRACILENTA, Reeve. PL 23, figs. 98, 88 ; PL 17, fig. 11.
Shell yellowish white to yellowish brown, very slightly nar-

252 MANGILIA.

rowly shouldered, pretty closely longitudinally ribbed, the ribs
subnodulous, crossed by elevated revolving strise.

Length, 15 mill.

Philippines, Japan, N. Australia.

M. contracta, Reeve (PI. 23, fig. 88), is a smaller specimen of
the same species ; as is also M. Fusoides, Reeve (PI. 17, fig. 11).

M. FULVOCINCTA, Nevill. PI. 22, fig. 52.

Whorls nine, the first four embryonal and colorless, the others
varicosely seven-ribbed, with microscopic revolving strise ;
whitish, chestnut banded below the sutures, and also at base of
body-whorl, and within the aperture. Length, 8 mill.

India.
M. ZONATA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 79.

Shell obscurely shouldered, longitudinally ribbed, ribs smooth,
descending from the sutures ; white, with a chestnut band at the
upper part of the aperture. Length, 8 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Solomon Is. (E. A. Smith).

M. ANGICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 85 ; PI. 32, fig. 49 ; PL 22,
fig. 69.

Shell turreted, whorls distinctly shouldered, with a few distant
small longitudinal ribs, extending to the suture, and much wider
interspaces ; light yellowish brown to white ; columella chocolate
tinged, often with a narrow interrupted chocolate central line.

Length, 18 mill.

New Caledonia, Viti Isles.

Described without locality, but there can be little doubt that
M. melanostoma, Garrett (fig. 49), from the Viti Isles, is iden-
tical, although Reeve does not mention the dark bordered colu-
mella. Probably Reeve's figure is magnified. M. scalata, Souverb.
(PL 22, fig. 69), is a short variety, pure white with the narrow
band, from New Caledonia. Some of Garrett 's Viti Islands
specimens are exactly like it.

M. CLARA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 89.

Shell smooth, plicately ribbed, round shouldered; purple
brown, upper part of the whorls whitish. Length, 15 mill.

Hob. unknown.

The aperture being neither described nor figured, the position
of this species can only be guessed at.

MANGILIA. 253

M. CORNEA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 99.

Shell ovate, spire acuminated, horny, semitransparent ; finely
longitudinally ribbed ; light brown, encircled by a pale zone.

Length, 5 mill.

Hob. unknown.
M. LUTESCENS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 83.

Whorls very narrowly obtusely shouldered ; longitudinal ribs
numerous, small, with revolving striae in the interstices; yel-
lowish brown. Length, 12 mill.

Hob. unknown.

Described by Reeve under the name of M. fulva, preoccupied
by Hinds.

M. LIVIDA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 80.

Whorls smooth, with narrow flexuous longitudinal ribs ; livid

flesh-color. Length, 12 mill.

Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming).

M. LINEATA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 77.

Shell obtusely longitudinally ribbed, smooth; fleshy brown,
with numerous faint revolving lines of darker color.

Length, 8 mill.

Sab. unknown (Reeve) ; So. Australia (Angas).

M. NITENS, Hinds. PL 20, fig. 2.

Whorls carinately shouldered ; with longitudinal, sharp, oblique
ribs, pointed on the shoulder-angle, and extending to the suture,
and revolving striae; flesh-brown. Length, 12 mill.

N. Australia, New Guinea, Straits of Macassar,

and Malacca.
M. OPALUS, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 5.

Shell with continuous longitudinal distant ribs, the wide inter-
stices smooth or with revolving striea ; whorls obtusely angulated
in the middle ; white, the interstices of the ribs sometimes more
or less stained with brown. Length, 9 mill.

Philippines.

M. PYRAMIS, Hinds. PL 34, fig. 86.

Shell white, angularly longitudinally sharp ribbed, six-sided,
with close revolving striae. Length, 12 mill.

Straits of Macassar (Hinds).

254 MANGILIA.

M. PSEUDOCARINATA, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 3.

Whorls concavely shouldered, somewhat indistinctly keeled,
the keel rendered nodulous by the ends of close obliquely longi-
tudinal ribs, which are short, becoming evanescent about the
middle of the body-whorl, everywhere with close revolving
grooves, which are somewhat nodulous ; yellowish brown.

Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown (Cuming Collection).
M. PURA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 76.

Spire turreted ; whorls slightly, narrowty shouldered ; sutures
rather deep ; ribs narrow, reaching the sutures, revolving striae
distant ; yellowish white, with a median row of faint brown spots
on the back of the body-whorl. Length, 8 mill.

S. Australia (Angas).
M. PALLIDA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 78.

Whorls convex, without shoulder, with about 10-11, strong,
flexuous ribs extending to the suture ; white. Length, 8 mill.

Isl. of Ticao, Philippines.
M. SORDIDA, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 98.

Whorls angulated in the middle ; longitudinally obliquely
ribbed, the ribs short, most prominent on the angle ; interstices
latticed with raised striae — which become more prominent towards
the base of the body-whorl, where the ribs are obsolete ; dull
white. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown (Mus. Metcalfe).
M. SEMEN, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 86.

Whorls with rather broad, sloping shoulders, nodulated by the
ends of short oblique longitudinal plicae, or ribs ; no revolving
striae ; chestnut-brown, the ribs lighter or whitish.
Length, 6 mill.

St. Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines,

under stones at low-water (Cuming).
M. VITREA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 95.

Shell cylindrically elongated, thin, pellucid, glassy, smooth ;
no longitudinal ribs ; a few revolving grooves at the upper and
lower part of the body-whorl, the former appearing on the spire
also ; yellowish white. Length, 6 mill.

Singapore, and Philippines (Cuming).
. A species having peculiar characters.

MANGILIA. 255

M. CASTANBA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 84.

Whorls rounded ; longitudinally ribbed, the interstices wittr
close revolving striae; chestnut-brown. Length, 11 mill.

Isle of Burias, Philippines (Cuming).

Nearly related to M. livida, but the ribs are straighter, the
canal more slopingly produced, and the surface striate.

M. ROBUSTICOSTATA, Smith. PL 22, fig. 60.

Whorls turreted, with strongly angular periphery, and short,
oblique ribs, about twelve in number; lip thin at edge, but
thickened externally by one of the ribs ; sinus scarcely dis-
cernible ; yellowish brown, whitish towards the base of the body-
whorl and labrum. Length, 6'3 mill.

Japan.
M. SPLENDIDA, A. Adams. PL 22, fig. 55.

Shell somewhat thin, subpellucid, shining, with longitudinal,
obtuse, unequal, rather weak plicae, and somewhat distant spiral
lineations ; light brownish, with bands of rather large chestnut
maculations ; lip acute, but varicose externally.

Length, 1 inch.

Japan.

One of the largest and most distinct species of the group,
though scarcely of typical character.

M. COPPINGERI, Smith. PL 22, fig. 58.

Whorls divided by a deep suture, longitudinally closely
ribbed, the ribs becoming obsolete on the lower part of the
body-whorl, where they are replaced by revolving striae, more
distinct towards the base; aperture small, labrum thickened,
with a very faint sinus ; chocolate-brown, including the aperture.

Length, 6*3 mill.

Patagonia.
M. COSTULATA, Dunker. PL 22, figs. 62, 70.

Shell with close, rounded, longitudinal ribs, and obsolete
revolving striae ; yellowish white, with narrow chestnut revolving
lines. Length, 8 mill.

Japan.

M. Leuckarti, Dunker (fig. 70), is a variety with stronger
revolving striae, and uniformly brown-colored.

256 MANGILIA.

M. DESHAYESII, Bunker. PI. 22, fig. 71.

Narrowly shouldered, with close, small, longitudinal riblets,
crossed by revolving elevated striae ; light yellowish brown, the
thickened lip brown-spotted. Length, 7 mill.

Japan.

Very probably identical with the preceding species.

M. PICTA, Adams and Angas. PL 22, fig. 72.

Whorls with narrow shoulder ; longitudinal ribs few, slightly
flexuous, with much wider interspaces covered with revolving
striae; light yellowish brown, with a broad chocolate band
beneath the shoulder. Length, 12 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

M. TNSCULPTA, Adams and Angas. PI. 22, fig. 61.

Closely longitudinally plicate, the ribs forming a slight poste-
rior shoulder or angle, interstices with revolving lirae ; light
yellowish brown, darker in the grooves. Length, 6 mill.

St. Vincents Gulf, So. Australia.

M. ANGULOSA, E. A. Smith. PL 22, fig. 67.

Whorls obtusely angulated, with six curved longitudinal ribs,
and close small revolving striae, distinct only in the interstices ;
light brown. Length, 5 mill.

West Africa.
M. FLAVESCENS, Angas. PL 22, fig. 68.

Whorls shouldered, the angle pointed with the longitudinal
ribs ; revolving striae, closer and sharper at the base of the body-
whorl; yellowish white, sometimes tinged with orange at the
angle of the whorls and towards the base. Length, 5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.
M. PAPILLARIS, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 21.

Whorls angulated, obsoletely tubercularly ribbed; pinkish

yellow, edge of the lip tinged with red within. Length, 11 mill.

Straits of Malacca, 17 fathoms, mud (Hinds).

A very obscure species, the characters of which are not
apparent.

M. DARNLEYENSIS, Brazier. PL 19,, fig. 73.

Shell pyramidal, slender, six-sided, longitudinally ribbed,
crossed with raised striae, somewhat rugose, interstices smooth ;

MANGILTA. 257

whorls 7 to 8, fattened; outer lip slightly varicose, sinus wide
and deep ; yellowish brown, lip sometimes black-edged.

Length, 12 mill.

Torres Straits, Australia.

Figured from one of several specimens obligingly commu-
nicated by Mr. Brazier.

M. CITHARELLA, Lam. PI. 24, figs. 13, 14.

Light yellowish brown, or yellowish white, banded narrowly
and numerously with chestnut. Length, 15-20 mill.

Solomon's Is., Philippines.

This is M. striata, Schum. M. lyra, Reeve (fig. 14), is a
variety with stronger shoulder-angle and ribs. Mr. E. A. Smith
considers M. funiculata, Reeve, a variety also ; but that species
has a toothed labrum, and therefore belongs to the section
Cythara, as very artificially separated from Mangilia ; it may be
a synonym, nevertheless.

M. PYGM^EA, Bunker. PL 32, fig. 50.

Longitudinally plicate, plicae evanescent towards the base of
the body-whorl ; light brown. Length, 6 mill.

Japan.
M. VARICULOSA, Sowb. PI. 16, fig. 60.

Whorls narrowly shouldered ; longitudinal ribs granose,
crossed by raised striae ; dark chocolate-brown.
Length, 13'5 mill.

Bay of Montija, W. Coast Centr. America.

M. QUISQUALIS, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 63.

White, obtusely angulated, smooth above the angle, which is
nodose by the termination of short longitudinal ribs.

Length, 11 mill.

W. Coast Centr. America.
M. LUCIDA, Nevill. PL 12, fig. 19.

White, slightly and irregularly marbled with pale brown,
between the ribs and especially behind the outer lip.

Length, 8 mill.

Persian Gulf; Bay of Bengal.

Allied in general to M. quisqualis, Hinds, but is smaller, with
transverse striae at the base of the last whorl, with a row of

258 MANGILIA.

granules and a deep groove beneath the suture, and with straight
instead of oblique ribs. Perhaps a Drillia.

M. ERICEA, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 71.

Light brown ; slightly shouldered, the ribs continued to the
sutures, nodulous below the shoulder, by the crossing of revolv-
ing lines. Length, 12*5 mill.

Coast of Veragua.
M. C^ELATA, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 67.

Whorls shouldered, with an elevated revolving line below the
suture, shortly obliquely ribbed below the shoulder ; dark chest-
nut, aperture blackish. Length, 6*5 mill.

Gulf of Fonseca, mud, 20 fms. (Hinds).

M. CONCENTRICOSTATA, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 48.

Shell slenderly fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls very closely
concentrically ribbed, sutures simple ; flesh-tinged brown.

Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Closely allied to M. variculosa, Sowb., but without the raised
revolving striae of that species.

M. MARGARITIFERA, Gray. PL 15, figs. 39, 43.

Whorls rounded or very slightly shouldered, reticulated by
longitudinal and revolving fine ribs and lines ; yellowish brown,
tinged with chestnut, sometimes forming an indistinct central
band. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

With this species I unite M. dsedala, Reeve (fig. 43), also
described without locality, but for which Mr. Brazier indicates
Torres Straits, N. Australia.

M. CARDINALIS, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 44.

Obliquely longitudinally plicated, minutely transversely stri-
ated ; yellowish white, with three narrow chocolate bands.

Length, 10 mill.

Isle of Negros, Philippines.

M. ORASSILABRUM, Reeve. PL 15, figs. 45, 47.

Shell narrowly shouldered, the shoulder smooth, tubercularly

MANGILIA. 259

ribbed beneath, crossed by elevated revolving striae ; yellowish
brown, variously chocolate banded. Length, 16 mill.
Isl Ticao, Philippines; Darnley 1st., N. Australia

(Brazier), Bay of Hakodadi (Schrenck).

A variety of this species is entirely without the colored
bands.

M. ALBICANS, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 57.

Slightly longitudinally ribbed, the ribs nodose at the sutures,
with revolving striae towards the base of the body-whorl ;
whitish, more or less tinged with chestnut. Length, 6 mill.

Straits of Malacca; mud, 17 fms. (Hinds).

M. ANQULATA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 28.

Whorls sharply angulated, with a few sharp narrow longi-
tudinal ribs, crossing the shoulder to the suture, no revolving
striae ; yellowish brown, lineated with pale chestnut.
Length, 5 mill.

Bay of Manilla (Cuming) ; Cape York,

Australia (Brazier).

M. CINCTA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 29 ; PL 27, fig. 13.

TJather narrowly shouldered, the shoulder-angle sharp pointed
by the ribs, which attain the suture, interstices of the ribs with
revolving striae ; yellowish brown, with a broad superior darker

band. Length, 7*5 mill.

Philippines.

I unite with this species M. nana, Reeve (PL 27, fig. 13),
which is not banded. There is not sufficient distinction between
this and the preceding species.

M. ORYZA, Hinds. PL 23, fig. 94.

Shell smooth, shining, with seven prominent plicate ribs ;
whitish. Length, 12 mill.

New Guinea.
M. MACULATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 72.

White, with an orange-brown band, interrupted by the ribs,
and appearing only in the interstices. Length, 10 mill.
Darnley JsZ., N. Australia (Brazier) ;

Philippines (Cuming).

260 MANGILIA.

M. TENEBROSA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 70.

Shell turreted, with narrowly, flatly shouldered whorls and
deep sutures ; distantly longitudinally ribbed, crossed by
revolving striae ; dark chestnut-brown without and within.

Length, 10 mill.

Philippines.
M. ABYSSICOLA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 19.

Whorls shouldered, the narrow, rather distant longitudinal
ribs crossing the acute angle of the shoulder to the suture,
encircled by raised strife ; yellowish brown, with a narrow
chestnut central band. Length, 7-10 mill.

Philippines.
M. ASTRICTA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 26.

Whorls convex, without shoulder; longitudinally rather num-
erously but narrowly ribbed; yellowish, with a narrow interrupted
central chestnut band, and a still narrower superior one.

Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. GOODALLTI, Gray. PL 27, fig. 7.

Whorls with narrow sloping shoulder ; conspicuously narrowly
ribbed, with wider concave interspaces bearing revolving striae ;
whitish or yellowish, the striae pale brown. Length, 10 mill.

Hob. unknown (Reeve) ; N. Australia (Brazier).

M. PESSULATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 66.

Whorls not shouldered, rather fiat : rather numerously flexu-
ously longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with revolving striae;
whitish. Length, 1 1 mill.

Philippines.
M. CORONATA, Hinds. PL 27, fig. 19.

Whorls six, shouldered ; plicately ribbed and transversely
striated, ribs somewhat acuminated at the upper part ; yellowish
white. Length, 12 mill.

Straits of Macassar (Hinds).

M. CELEBENSIS, Hinds. PL 27, fig. 12.

Shell smooth, plicately ribbed, ribs rather distant ; light 3^0!-
lowish, brown banded. Length, 12 mill.

New Guinea.

MANGILIA. 261

M. PYRAMIDALIS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 93.

Shell pyramidal, slim, whorls with sloping shoulders, with
narrow ribs reaching the sutures, and much wider interspaces,
which are transversely striated ; yellowish white.

Length, 7 mill.

Philippines.

Unfigured Exotic Species of Mangilia.
M. MODICA, E. A. Smith. Japan.

M. FLEXUOSA, M. MINUTISTRIATA, M. OPALINA, M. PLATYCHEILA, M.

ACUTANGULARIS, of E. A. Smith. No locality.

M. PELLYI, E. A. Smith. Persian Gulf.

M. CALEDONICA, E. A. Smith. New Caledonia.

M. TRIZONATA, E. A. Smith. Philippines.

M. FILICINCTA, E. A. Smith. Japan.

M. LEVUKENSIS, Watson. Fiji Islands.

M. TRACK YS, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.
M. MEREDITHS, Tenison-Woods. Bass Straits, Tasmania.

M. SEMIASSA, Gould. Bab. unknown.

M. TETRAQONA, Gould. China Sea.

M. LUTEA, Gould. Loochoo Sea.

?M. MICA, Philippi. Red Sea.

M. CRASSICOSTATA, Dunker. Viti Isles.

M. CLAVATA, Sowerby. China Sea.

M. ANNA, Jousseaume. JV. Caledonia.

Section CYTHARA, Schumacher.
M. MARGINELLOIDES, Reeve. PL 24, figs. 22, 17.

Interstices of the longitudinal ribs either smooth or more or
less thickly covered with fine revolving striae ; yellowish or ash-
white, with fine, rather close chestnut revolving lines, sometimes
interrupted by the ribs, sometimes crossing them, sometimes
obsolete, shoulder usually tinged with chocolate.

Length, 10-13 mill.

Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia.

M. Columbelloides, Reeve (fig. 17), is a synonym.
M. ANTILLARUM, Reeve. PL 24, fig, 12.

Shell ribbed, without revolving striae ; yellowish brown, broadly

262 MANGILIA.

banded with chocolate and shoulder tinged with the same color.

Length, 16 mill.

West Indies (Reeve).

The locality may be doubted, as it has not been confirmed by
any other authorities ; its distinctness from the preceding species
is also doubtful.

M. RETICULATA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 10 ; PI. 25, figs. 45, 47.

Longitudinally plicately ribbed, finely transversely striated ;
yellowish, broadly two-banded with chocolate or bluish ash, the
two bands sometimes coalescing into one and covering all except
the upper portion of the body-whorl. Length, 9-12 mill.

Philippines, N. Caledonia, Solomon's Is., Viti Isles.

M. Guestieri, Souverb. (PI. 25, fig. 41), is a synonym, and M.
Bichardi, Crosse (PI. 25, fig. 45), appears to be a small form,
without bands.

M. OBESA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 11.

Interstices of the ribs with strong revolving striae ; whitish,
the shoulder and base of the body-whorl tinged with chocolate,
with a central rather broad band of the same color.

Length, 10 mill.

Philippines,

Perhaps a variety of the preceding species. Described under
the name ofvittata, preoccupied by Hinds.

M. PONDEROSA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 5.

Numerously narrowly and delicately longitudinally ribbed,
latticed by revolving striae ; yellowish white, interruptedly nar-
rowly brown-banded at the slight shoulder, and occasionally
tinged with brown elsewhere. Length, 16 mill.

Philippines (C tuning) ; N. Australia (Brazier).

M. CONOHELICOIDES. Reeve. PL 23, fig. 4.

Longitudinally many ridged, transversely striate ; yellowish
white, with sometimes a large orange-brown blotch on the back
of the body-whorl. Length. 12 mill.

Philippines, under stones (Cuming).
M. GRADATA, Nevill. PL 25, fig. 44.

Ribs narrow, straight, continuing to the base of the body-
whorl, interstices regularly transversely striated ; columella

MANGILIA. 263

almost straighib, slightly rugose above, outer lip nearly straight,
very thick, regularly rounded ; pure white. Length, 5*75 mill.

Ceylon, Bombay.
Possibly a form of the preceding species.

M. PLANILABROIDES, Tryon. PL 21, fig. 28.

Shell fusiform, smooth, narrowty, slopingly shouldered; brown
with a superior white zone. Length, 10 mill.

Isl. of Ticao, Philippines (Cuming).

Described by Reeve as M. planilabrum, a name already used
by him for the following species described as a Pleurotoma.

M. PLANILABRUM, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 87.

Shell ovately oblong, reddish brown ; whorls convex, lineated
spirally, ribbed longitudinally, ribs almost obsolete ; aperture
oblong, lip flat, red, denticulated within, canal very short.

Length, 1 inch.

Philippines (Cuming).
M. DECUSSATA, Pease. PI. 25, fig. 37.

Whorls shouldered; longitudinally narrowly ribbed, thebroader
interspaces with revolving striae ; white. Length, 10 mill.

Paumotus Is.
M. CITHARA, Gould. PI. 25, fig. 43 ; PL 22, fig. 50.

Ribs rounded, prominent, the interspaces narrow, with close
revolving striae ; white, sometimes obscurely chestnut-banded.
Length, 8-10 mill.

Fiji Is. (Gould) ; Paumotus Is. (Pease).

Mr. Pease's M. brevis (PL 22, fig. 50) appears to be a synonym ;
the type, which is before me, is a specimen not fully grown.

M. CAPILLACEA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 73.

Whorls lightly shouldered ; ribs narrow, flexuous, the inter-
spaces broader, with revolving striae ; light yellowish brown,
encircled by hair-like brown lines on the summits of the striae.
Length, 11 mill.

Philippines (Cuming); Solomon Is. (E. A. Smith);

N. Australia (Brazier).
M. DELACOURIANA, Crosse. PL 25, fig. 32.

Ribs rounded, narrower than the interspaces, surmounting the

18

264 MANGILIA.

slight shoulder-angle and attaining the suture, revolving striae
very fine and close ; white, with traces of brown staining.

Length, 12 mill.

N. Caledonia.

Is possibly a variety of the preceding species, from which it
appears to differ only in the absence of the hair-like brown lines.

M. STROMBOIDES, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 1.

Interstices of the ribs with fine revolving striae ; yellowish
white. Length, 14 mill.

Philippines (Cum ing), Red Sea (Riippell).

M. ELEGANS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 3.

Interstices of the narrow ribs very beautifully elevately
striated ; yellowish white, very faintly zoned with brown.

Length, 13 mill.

Philippines (Cuming).

Perhaps a variety of the preceding species,

M. BALANSAI, Crosse. PI. 25, fig. 35.

Yellowish white, the interstices of the ribs chestnut-colored,

obsoletely chestnut-banded. Length. 19'5 mill.

Neiv Caledonia.

Narrower and more numerously ribbed than M. Stromboides,
Reeve.

M. DUBIOSA, Nevill. PL 25, fig. 42.

Doubtfulty distinct from the next species, which is described
and figured from a young shell. White, with a broad brown
stain on the back of the last whorl ; ribs narrow, straight, not
on the shoulder, interstices closely striated. Length, 7*5 mill.

Andaman Is. ; Mauritius.
M. CONIFORMIS, Gray. PL 26, fig. 79.

Shell rather transparent, thin, whitish ; faintly plicate on the
upper part of the whorls, transversely very faintly striated.
Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown (Reeve) ; W. Coast of Cent. Am. (Morch).

M. SOUVERBIEI, Tryon. PL 22, fig. 65.

Shell minutely tuberculate at the shoulder-angle, and covered

MANGILIA. 265

by minute revolving striae; whitish, with a4arge dorsal brownish
spot or stain. Length, f mill.

New Caledonia.

Described by Souverbie as M. coniformis, a name preoccupied
by Gray, above.

M. PULCHELLA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 20.

Many ribbed, the ribs flexuous, narrow, the interstices very
faintly reticulated ; yellowish white, with several narrow chestnut
bands interrupted by the ribs. Length, 12 mill.

Isle of Ticao, Philippines, on the sands (Cuming).

M. VEXILLUM, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 8.

Whorls nodulous at the shoulder, with ribs descending from
the nodules, entire surface of the shell decussately striated, as
if very finely granulated ; orange-yellow, with a number of
narrow whitish bands. Length, 11 mill.

Philippines, under stones (Cuming).
M. LAMELLATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 69.

Sutures deep, a little cavernous, ribs narrow, erect, lamelli-
form, somewhat pointed around the sutures, transversely
strongly distantly striate ; yellowish white, faintly zoned with
pale brown. Length, 11 mill.

Philippines, coarse sand, 7 fathoms (Cuming).

M. REEVEI, Tryon. PL 26, fig. 68.

Longitudinally plicately ribbed ; ribs crossing the shoulder to
the suture; yellowish white or light brown, banded with pale
chocolate, crossed with numerous obscure fine white lines.

Length, 11 mill.

Philippines (Cuming).

Described by Reeve as Mangilia crassilabrum, but the specific
name is preoccupied by himself in Pleur. crassilabrum, which is
also a Mangilia.

M. INTERRUPTA, Reeve. PI. 23, figs. 74, 75 ; PI. 22, fig. 51.

Shell nodose at the shoulder, with strong, narrow, rounded
ribs descending from the nodules ; whitish, with hair-like,
chocolate, revolving lines between the ribs, sometimes approxi-
mating into bands. Length, 7 mill.

Philippines, Sandwich Isl., Mauritius, Abyssinia, Ceylon.

266 MANGILIA.

Daphnella bella, Pease (unfigured), and PI. gemmulata, Desh.
(PL 22. fig. 51), are synonyms.

M. GIBBOSA, Reeve. PI. 24, figs. 24, 25.

Whorls nodulous at the shoulder, smooth, ribs slightly

flexuous ; ashy white, encircled by faint orange-brown lines,

back stained with pale black at the upper part. Length, 7 mill.

Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming) ; Swan River, Australia.

M. Novse-Hollandide, Reeve (fig. 25), appears to be only a
variation of the main characters of this shell.

M. CINNAMOMEA, Hinds. PI. 2*7, fig. 17.

Shouldered, plicately ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated ;
cinnamon-colored, narrowly white-banded. Length, 13 mill.

New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca.

M. PELLUCTDA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 31 ; PI. 22, fig. 63.

Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, smooth, transparent,
shining, longitudinally closely ribbed, whitish, brown at the
base, sometimes with three narrow, interrupted bands.
Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown (Reeve) ; Darnley Isl.,

Australia (Brazier) ; Philippines (Ad. and Reeve).
M. trivittata, Ad. and Reeve (PL 22, fig. 63), appears to be a
banded form of this species.

M. DERELICTA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 30 ; PL 23, fig. 96.

Longitudinally strongly ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated ;
light brown. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

"A strong ribbed species of ordinary form," says Reeve. I
do not find any sufficiently distinctive characters in either the
description or figure of M. Zebuensis, Reeve (PL 23, fig. 96),
from the Philippines.

M. APICATA, Gray. PL 15, fig. 32.

Whorls concavely flattened above a fine keel, nodosely plaited
beneath, plaits fading away towards the lower part ; transversely
impressly striated ; pale yellow, reddish at the apex.

Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

MANGILTA. 267

%

M. NEGLECTA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 35.

Ribs rounded, approximated, transversely elevately striated;
rusty brown. Length, 10 mill.

Gulf of Nicoya, W. Coast of Central America.
Is quite as nearly related to Clathurella as to Cithara.

M. ANGELA, Ad. and Angas. PL 25, fig. 34.

Yellowish white, chocolate-tinted towards the base, aperture
stained with violet in front. Length, 15 mill.

Woodlark Isl., Australia.

M. FUNICULATA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 16.

Smooth, ashy brown, the ribs whitish. Length, 16 mill.

Philippines.

Mr. E. A. Smith (Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 538), considers this a
synonym of M. citharella, Lam. This may indeed be the case,
but if so, we can retain but few of the numerous species of
Mangilia. It is narrower than that species, and the outer lip is
toothed, thus placing it in Cythara, whilst M. citharella, having
a plain lip, is a typical Mangilia.

M. DORVILLI.E, Gray. PL 16, fig. 65.

Shell rather thin, narrowly shouldered ; longitudinally plicated,
with fine revolving striae, more conspicuous towards the base ;
whitish, with a pale brown three-line zone. Length, 9 mill.

West Indies.
M. GRACILTS, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 15.

Ribs narrow, distant, the interstices with very fine revolving
striae ; whitish, with a central chestnut zone, and sometimes
additional chestnut blotches. Length, 13 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Islands (Garrett).

M. CYLINDRICA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 92 ; PL 24, fig. 9.

Slightly shouldered, longitudinally finely ribbed, the ribs
attaining the suture, transversely elevately striated ; transparent
white, stained with pale brown, spotted on the shoulder with
orange-brown. Length, 10 mill.

Philippines, sandy mud, 25 fms. (Cuming).

268 MANG1LIA.

M. FUSIFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 2.

Yellowish white, stained or interruptedly fasciated with orange-
brown. Length, 15 mill.

Philippines, coarse sand, 10 fms. (Cuming).

M. LYRICA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 21.

Whorls not shouldered ; lightly longitudinally ribbed, crossed
by revolving elevated striae ; light brown, indistinctly banded
with orange-brown. Length, 11 mill.

Philippines.

Lightly ribbed, and more attenuated towards the base than
the allied forms.

M. TURRICULA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 23.

Sutures deep ; shoulder very narrow ; whorls rather flat ;
whitish, sometimes with a central brown band, with fine brown
revolving lines, invisible except with a lens. Length, 12 mill.

Philippin es , Mauritiu s.
M. BICOLOR, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 65.

Interstices of the ribs very finely transversely striated ; whitish
above, but most of the body-whorl lead-color.
Length, 11 mill.

Darnley Isl., N. Australia (Brazier) ;

Philippin es ( C uming ) .
The coloring has probably faded from chocolate.

M. DIGITALIS, Reeve. PI. 2T, fig. 24.

Shell solid, granosely cancellated, yellowish white, with narrow
brown sutural and peripheral bands. Length, 7 mill.

Hdb. unknown (Reeve) ; Solomon Is. (E. A. Smith).

M. TRITICEA, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 51 ; PI. 21, fig. 14.

Longitudinal ribs oblique, transverse striae very fine but
distinct, inner and outer lips both corrugated ; whitish, with a
broad central brown band on the back of the body-whorl, which
when the shell is worn appears as a spot. Length, 10 mill.

Indian Ocean (Kiener) ; Polynesia ( Pease).

Pease changed M. triticea, Reeve, to angiostoma, believing the
species distinct from the Indian Ocean form described and
figured under the name of triticea by Kiener. I cannot detect
distinguishing characters, however ; moreover Kiener's locality

MANGILIA. 269

may not be true, although if so, it would not make an extraor-
dinary distribution for the species.

M. FASCIATA, Gray. PL 26, fig. 74.

Ribs latticed with conspicuous transverse striae ; yellowish
white, with a central, narrow, chestnut band. Length, 8'5 mill.

Africa.
I know nothing concerning this species.

M. VITTATA, Hinds. PL 22, fig. 66.

Closely ribbed, crossed by numerous revolving striae ; yellowish
brown, fasciate with chestnut. Length, 11 mill.

Straits of Macassar, 10 fms., coarse sand (Hinds).

M. EXQUISITA, E. A. Smith. PL 24, fig. 6.

Narrowly and distantly longitudinally ribbed, transversely
very finely corded ; whitish, lineated and banded with chestnut.

Length, 16 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Warrior /., Australia (Brazier).

This species was figured by Reeve for a specimen in the
Cumingian collection, under the name of vittata, Hinds (described
above), but it is evidently a different species.

M. METULA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 59.

Whorls flattened, five in number; obsoletely ribbed, trans-
versely striated, suture with a raised line; lip inflected in the
middle; yellowish brown, banded with chestnut.

Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. RIGIDA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 64.

Shoulder undulated at the angle by the longitudinal ribs,
which are crossed by raised striae ; fulvous. Length, 8 mill.

Panama.

Partakes of the characters of Clathurella. Carpenter has
described (but not figured) a var. fuscoligata, from Cape St.
Lucas, L. California. I have not seen it.

M. ASPERA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 62.

Shoulder very narrow, longitudinal ribs decussated by raised
revolving lines ; chocolate-brown, aperture flesh-red.

Length, 13 mill.

Guayaquil (Hinds).

270 MANGILTA.

M. SUBULA, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 94.

Closely reticulated with longitudinal and revolving lines,
with a flatly obtuse keel near the suture, lip-sinus distinct;
yellowish white, painted with chestnut spots around the guture.
Length, 15 mill.

Philippines, coarse sand, 7 fms. (Cnming) ;

Darnley I., Australia (Brazier).

M. FAIRBANKI, Nevill. PI. 22, fig. 48.

Ribs rounded, distant, continuous, crossed by distant revolving
riblets which swell upon the ribs; leaden brown, stained with a
darker shade on the outer lip and columella. Length, 6 mill.

Bombay ; probably also Ceylon, arid Andaman Is.

Closely allied to M. hexagonalis, Reeve, but differs in the
dentate aperture, shorter and more open canal, more distant and
distinct revolving sculpture.

M. DEBILIS, Pease. PL 25, fig. 33.

Narrowly angulated at the suture, from which descend about
ten longitudinal ribs, closely and finely crossed by revolving
striae ; white, back of body-whorl stained with chestnut.

Length, 6 mill.

Paumotus Is.

Described as Cythara dsedalea, which name being preoccupied,
was subsequently changed as above.

M. HIRSUTUM, Folin. PL 30, fig. 75.

Yellowish white, the earlier whorls darker. Length, 3-4 mill.

Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina.

M. BOAKEI, Nevill. PL 33, fig. 71 ; PL 25, fig. 36.

Whorls narrowly round-shouldered at the top ; longitudinal
plicae close, small, rather straight; no revolving striae; pinkish
white, shining, with a subsutural interrupted chestnut band, and
another about the top of the aperture, lower half of bodj^-whorl
pale chestnut ; interior two-banded with chestnut ; lip thickened,
internally minutely crenulated. Length, 12 mill.

Ceylon, So. Australia.

I think that M. bicinctula, Nevill (fig. 71), will prove to be
identical, and M. bella, Ad. and Angas (PL 25, fig. 36), from
Rapid Bay, So. Australia, may also be considered a synonym.

MANGILIA. 2 I

t

Unfigured species of Mangilia of the Section Cythara.

M. INTAMINATA, Gould (China Seas); M. GLAREOSA, Gould (Hong

Kong ; M. ALBICINCTA, Gould (Loo Ghoo Seas); M. LOTA

Gould ( China Seas). All collected by Stimpson, 1ST. Pac.

Expl. Exped., and types destroyed in the great Chicago

fire.
M. LABECULA, Gould. Dredged off the Coast of Georgia. May

belong to Astyris, in Columbellidae.

M. LANCEOLATA, C. B. Adams. Jamaica.

M. CORONATA, Mighels (Sandwich Islands). Pease thinks this

may possibly = M. triticea, Reeve.
M. PAUCICOSTATA, Pease (Tahiti); M. PUSILLA, Pease (Sandwich

Islands); M. STRIGATA, Pease (Sandwich Islands).
M. DESALESI and M. TASMANICA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.
M. MAcCoYi, Petterd. (Allied to M Tasmanica.) Tasmania.
M. SUBTILTS, Watson. Off Pernambuco.

M. HANLEYI, Dunker. Upolu.

M. MILIUM, Philippi. China.

M. SINUATA, Carp. (Panama); M. SUBDIAPHANA, Carp., and M.

FUSCONOTATA, Carp. (Cape St. Lucas).

Section GLYPHOSTOMA, Gabb.

Lienardia, Jousseaume (1884), of which the following species
is made the type, is a synonym of Glyphostoma.

M. RUBIDA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 34; PL 16, fig. 53; PI. 18, fig. 51.

Pink outside and inside, the canaliculate sutures often black-
banded, with frequently a white central band on the body-whorl,
and a narrow black band below it. Length, 12 mill.

New Guinea, New Ireland, Mauritius,

Viti and Cook's Is., New Caledonia.

Kiener has apparently figured this species for Donovan's
Murex angulatus, of the British Channel. The synonymy also
includes M. canaliculata, Pease (PI. 18, fig. 51) = M. Peasei,
Nevill, M. Bertiniana, Tapparone-Canefri (PI. 16, fig. 53), and
probably M. exquisita, Nevill. M. Peasei, was proposed instead
of canaliculata, Pease, preoccupied by Reeve.

272 MANGILIA.

M. ROSEOTINCTA, Montrouzier. PL 16, fig. 54.

Shell larger than the preceding species, more attenuated
towards the base, spire longer, outer lip not so thick ; rose-
colored. Length, 19 mill.

New Caledonia.

Perhaps only a variety of M. rubida.

M. MARMOROSA, Reeve. PI. 27, fig. 11.

White, very sparingly spotted with orange-brown.

Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. ISSELT, G. and H. Nevill. PL 25, figs. 40, 48.

White, with two narrow, interrupted orange bands, one of
which reappears on the spire. Length (decollated), 7*75 mill.

Ceylon.

Yar. Cernica (fig. 48), from Mauritius, is smaller (6*5 mill.),
and retains the embryonal whorls.

M. BICLATHRATA, Souverbie. PL 25, fig. 53.

Yellowish white, with a sutural chestnut band, and two bands
below it on the body-whorl ; both lips plicate. Length, 2*5 mill.

New Caledonia.
M. INTERSTRIATA, E. A. Smith. PL 25, fig. 50.

Longitudinal ribs ten, thin, oblique, with revolving lines in
the interspaces; both lips denticulate; whitish, banded with
dark chocolate at the sutures, and also at the middle and base of
the body-whorl. Length, 8 mill.

San Christovalj Solomon Islands.

" This species has much resemblance to PL biclathrata, Souv.,
and may eventually prove to be but a large variety of it."

M. ONAGER, Souverbie. PL 25, fig. 46.

Whitish, with chestnut stripes and bands. Length, 15 mill.

New Caledonia.
M. UNILTNEATA, E. A. Smith. PL 25, fig. 52.

Longitudinally ribbed and transversely striate ; both lips
denticulate ; yellowish white or light brown, with an interrupted
white median band margined below with chestnut.

Length, 15 mill.

San Christoval, Solomon Islands.

MANGILIA. % . 273

M. AMABILIS, G. and H. STevill. PI. 30, fig. 76.

White, with three double rows of bright brown granules on
the ribs of the body-whorl, and one double row on those of the

spire. Length, 7 mill.

Mauritius.
M. APICULATA, Montrouzier. PL 19, fig. 50.

Translucent white, with a row of opaque white spots about
the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 7 mill.

New Caledonia (Montr.) ; Ceylon and Andaman Is. (Nevill).

M. SPURCA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 37.

Yellowish brown, the revolving striae dark brown.
Length, 22 mill.

New Guinea and Straits of Malacca (Hinds) ;

Australia (Brazier, Angas).
M. CINEREA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 38.

Yellowish brown ; the space above the tuberculated angle
smooth. Length, 17 mill.

Hob. unknown.
Ma}7 be only a form of the preceding species.

M. CANDIDA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 41.

Ribs rather broad, rounded, the revolving striae only at the
base ; white. Length, 14 mill.

Magnetic Island, Coast of Veragua (Hinds).

M. ARGILLACEA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 40.

Brownish yellow ; body-whorl with revolving striae towards
the base. Length, 14 mill.

Straits of Malacca, mud, 14 fms. (Hinds) ;

Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier).

I cannot detect any difference between the figure of this species
and that of M. Candida, and I suspect that, notwithstanding the
very different localities, they are identical.

M. MONTROUZIERI, Souverbie. PL 20, fig. 77.

Orange-brown. Length, 26'5 mill. New Caledonia.

The largest species of the section.

M. OBESA, Garrett. PL 19, fig. 64.

Yellowish brown. Length, 9 mill. Vili Islands.

The type figured is evidently not adult.

274 CLATHURELLA.

M. ALBOVIRGULATA, Souverbie. PL 16, fig. 58.

The rounded ribs crossed by narrow revolving ridges ; outer
lip dentate within, inner lip with several oblique grooves ; light
lilac, with white blotches below the sutures, the spiral sculpture
also whitish. Length, 14 mill.

New Caledonia.

Unfigured Species of Glyphostoma.

M. SOROR (Persian Gulf) ; M. BISERTATA (Hab. ?) ; M. OBTUSICOS-
TATA (? Japan, Persian Gulf); M. RUBROCINCTA {Fiji Islands);
M. BATHYRAPHE (Philippines) ; — all of Mr. E. A. Smith.

M. OCELLATA, Jousseaume. Mauritius.

Section CITHAROPSIS, A. Adams.
M. CANCELLATA, A. Adams.

Acuminated above and below, reddish brown, spire and aper-
ture equal ; whorls convex; longitudinally costellate, transversely
lirate, closely elegantly cancellate, last whorl produced and
acuminated below. Japan.

Unfigured. No dimensions given.

M. SOLIDA, Reeve. PL 27, fig. 10.

Solid, very closely granosely latticed throughout ; purplish.
Length, 9 mill.

Philippines, sand, 7 fms. (Cuming).

Genus CLATHURELLA, Carpenter.
C. INFLATA, Crist, et Jan. PL 32, fig. 30.

Whorls very convex, with very narrow, curved, distant ribs
and close fine revolving striae ; yellowish brown.
Length, 1 inch. ,

Mediterranean Sea (rare in living state).
C. volutella, Kiener (figured) is a synonym.

C. STRTA, Calcara. PL 33, fig. 74,

Whorls convex, with revolving lines, those of the spire only
with longitudinal rounded ribs. Length, 13 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

Described as a fossil, but a few recent fragments have been
dredged. G. semiplicata, Bonelli, is a synonym.

OLATHURELLA. 275

C. TORQUATA, Philippi. PI. 20, fig. 78.

Rather thin, subdecussate, whorls with sloping shoulders, th^
angle set with small tubercles. Length, 1 inch.

Mediterranean, deep sea.

Originally described as a fossil from Calabria, but recent
specimens have been dredged at several localities. It is PL
recondita, Tiberi.

C. PURPUREA, Montagu. PI. 18, figs. 40, 41.

Whorls usually well rounded, clathrate by narrow ribs and
almost equally strong revolving ridges ; reddish or purplish
brown, white-zoned below the middle of the body-whorl, the zone
distinct within the lip. Length, 12-19 mill.

Europe, Canary Islands.

Yar. PHILBEBTI, Mich. (fig. 41). Shell dwarf, more solid, fewer

ribs, often particolored (P. bicolor, Risso).
Yar. LA Vi-as, Phil. More lengthened and smaller than the type,

very regularly trellised. It is the var. oblonga of Jeffreys

and P. corbis, Midland.
Yar. MAJOR, Monts. Length, 26 mill.
Yar. ATRA, Monts. Uniform dark chocolate.
Yar. FLAVIDA, Monts. Light yellowish, a little roseate.
Yar. ALBIDA, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. White.
Yar. BICOLOR, Risso. Brown with large white spots.
Yar. LINEOLATA, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. A brown line between

each ridge.

C. CORDIERI, Payr. PI. 32, fig. 34 ; PL 18, fig. 35 ; PI. 20. fig. 79.
Ribs and revolving ridges higher and sharper, and not so
numerous as in the preceding species, the intersections produced,
prickly, aperture more attenuated into a canal below ; yellowish
brown, irregularly mottled or streaked with chestnut.
Length, 13-25 mill.

Europe.
Yar. CANCELLATA, Sowb. A large form, with convex whorls;

white or light purplish with a lighter central band.
Yar. PUNGENS, Monts. Shell small, thick ; brownish, with white

blotches.
Yar. HISTRIX, Jan. Intersections of the sculpture spinose.

276 CLATHURELLA.

Yar. RUDIS, Scacchi. Whorls less convex, shell thicker, apex

more obtuse than the type, sculpture closer, less lamellar,

canal shorter. Appears to form a connection between this

species and M. purpurea.

G. reticulata, Renieri (PL 18, fig. 35), and G. scabra, Jeffreys

(PI. 20, fig. 79) are synonyms.

C. CLATHRATA, Marcel de Serres. PL 33, fig. 68 ; PL 16, figs.

68, 70.

Conspicuously latticed with coarse sculpture ; aperture large,
truncate at base ; yellowish white.

Mediterranean and Adriatic; W. Africa.

The synonyms include G. rudis, Phil. (fig. 68) ; G. granum,
Phil. ; G. quadrillum, Dujardin ; G. cancellata, Calcara, and G.
Delosensis, Reeve (PL 16, figs. 68, 70.)

C. LEUFROYI, Michaud. PL 18, fig. 33.

Ribs strong, rounded, not crossing the slightly concave sub-
sutural area, encircled by very fine stria?, which cross the ribs ;
yellowish gray, under a thin yellowish brown epidermis — of which
it is usually denuded, variegated by irregular chestnut blotches
arranged in two broad bands on the body-whorl, and a single
band on those of the spire. Length, 15-18 mill.

Europe, Canary Islands.

Yar. CARNOSULA, Jeffreys. Pale flesh-color. Length, 20-22 mill.
Yar. ALBIDA, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. Uniform whitish. In sponges
from Barbary.

C. LINEARIS, Montagu. PL 18, fig. 34.

Longitudinal ribs rounded, strong, crossed by rather numerous
revolving lines ; yellowish *ray, the lines chestnut. .

Length, 9 mill.

Europe, Canary Islands.

Animal sluggish, frequently turns on its back and floats at the
surface of the water, as do the related species. Spawn-cases
separate, hemispherical, thin, membranous, one-fifth of an inch
in diameter, with a small oval hole in the centre. They are
attached at the base to the inside of old bivalve shells and to
other smooth surfaces. Each capsule contains from 200 to 300
fry. These are of a brown color and exquisitely reticulated, each

CLATHURELLA. 277

having a single whorl, globular, and partially umbilicate, with a

roundish mouth and an incomplete canal like that of lanthiita.-

The fry, when in the capsule, are very restless, and gyrate fieely

by means of their ciliated front lobes. — JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch.,

iv, 369.

Yar. MAJOR, Requien. Nearly double the usual size.

Yar. BREVIS, Requien. Shell short.

Yar. ^EQUALIS, Jeffreys. Broader, with more rounded whorls
and closer, less prominent sculpture than the type ; apex
yellowish white, colored lines regularly distributed and of
a paler hue, or altogether wanting. Includes vars. inter-
media and pallida of Forbes and Hanley.

Yar. VIOLACEA, Monts. Dark violet.

Yar. RUBROLINEATA, Monts. Revolving lines red instead of
chestnut.

C. CONCINNA, Scacchi. PI. 34, fig. 85.

Longitudinal ribs rounded, not very prominent, distant,
revolving lines fine and numerous, canal very short, aperture
wide, lip rather thick, smooth within, with shallow sinus ; grayish,
with interrupted bands and lines of chestnut. Length, 13 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

Some authors consider this a var. major of the preceding
species, but it appears to be sufficiently distinct in other respects

besides that of size.

•*,*
C. PLICATA, C. B. Ad. PI. 30, fig. 98 ; PI. ^ fig. 92.

Longitudinal ribs 11-12, prominent, crossed by about the same
number of strong, thread-like ridges, the intersections sometimes
produced into nodules ; reddish chocolate, interior dark chocolate.

Length, 6-8 mill.

New England to Tampa Bay, West Coast of Florida.

The shell is only whitish in dead specimens. Prof. Adams
changed the name to plicosa, because Lamarck described a fossil
Pleurotoma plicata ; of course, in Clathurella the original name
can still be used. The synonyms include C. brunnea, Perkins,
and C. Jewetti, Stearns (PL 48, fig. 92), the latter found on
oysters at Tampa Bay, Fla.

278 OLATHURELLA.

C. CANDIDULA, Reeve. PI. 18, figs. 24, 23, 25.

Longitudinally plicate, revolving ridges rather distant, con-
spicuous ; pale straw-color, lip tinged with pink.

West Indies.

The figure is said to be highly magnified, but the dimensions
are not given.

Yar. D'ORBIGNYI, Reeve (fig. 23). Longitudinal plications

obsolete.
Yar. CLATHRATA, Reeve (fig. 25). Light brown, variegated with

reddish chestnut.

C. QUADRATA, ReCVC. PL 18, fig. 31.

Strongly biangulated on the body-whorl ; ribs distant, con-
spicuous, revolving sculpture fine and close ; whitish or yel-
lowish ; the interstices of the ribs often chestnut-color.

Length, 5*5 mill.

West Indies.

Described by Reeve without localit^y. His figure is three
times the size given above, but there are good reasons for sup-
posing it to be magnified ; among them, is the fact that Prof. C.

B. Adams obtained a shell in Jamaica which, except for its
diminutive size, exactly corresponds with Reeve's figure. He
proposed to call his species M. diminuta, in case it should prove
distinct. My specimens confirm his suspicion and Krebs' con-
viction that the two species are identical.

C. ANGULIFERA, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 22.

Bodj'-whorl biangulated, the upper and lower parts chestnut,
the middle yellowish.

West Indies.
Dimensions not given, but greatly magnified in the figure.

C. MONILIFERA, Sowb. PL 14, fig. 9 ; PL 18, fig. 43.

Shell minutely reticulated ; white, tessellately painted with
squares, each composed of four short parallel brown lines.

Length, 5 mill.

West Indies.

Described as a Columbella, and included in that genus in the
" Manual," v, p. 149 ; the figure, however, shows the Pleurotomid
notch. P. scalpta, Reeve (PL 18, fig. 43), and P. fuscolineata,
C. B. Ad., are synonyms.

CLATHURELLA. 279

C. GUILDINGII, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 44.

Whorls slightly concavely shouldered above, nodosely plicated
beneath, transversely very closely striated ; very dark chocolate
or blackish, interior same color. Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.

C. ANTILLARUM, d'Orbigny. PI. 20, figs. 82, 85, 88.

Whitish, whorls clathrate, slightly, narrowly shouldered.

Length, 5-9 mill.

West Indies.

I think that C. Lavalleana, d'Orb. (fig. 85), and C. Vespuc-
ciana, d'Orb. (fig. 88), are synonyms.

C. CARIB^EA, d'Orb. PL 20, fig. 87.

Distinctly shouldered, longitudinally costate, encircled by
thread-like lines ; light yellowish brown or whitish.

Length, 4§5 mill.

West Indies.
C. ELATIOR, d'Orb. PL 20, fig. 84.

Shell finely clathrate, whitish or light brown. Length, 4 mill.

West Indies.
C. RUBRICATA, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 29 ; PL 20, fig. 83.

Very distantly ribbed, closely transversely striate ; yellowish
white to chestnut-colored. Length, 6 mill.

West Indies.
I think C. Auberiana, d'Orb. (PL 20, fig. 83) is a synonym.

C. CANDEANA, d'Orb. PL 20, fig. 93.

Whitish, spire longitudinally plicate, body-whorl without
sculpture except a few revolving lines at the base.

Length, 4 mill.

West Indies.
C. MACROSTOMA, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 27.

Whorls convex, spire obtuse : ribs rounded, large, close, oblique,
vanishing below, aperture very narrow, sinuous ; bluish purple,
lineated transversely with red.

West Indies.

Figure greatly magnified.

C. OOCIDENTALIS, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 28.

The close longitudinal ribs are nodosely decussated by narrow
19

280 CLATHURELLA.

revolving ridges ; canal narrow, rather long, curved ; chestnut-
brown.

West Indies.

Dimensions not given, but figure much magnified.

C. TURBINELLOIDES, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 26.

Whorls smooth, longitudinally ribbed, ribs varicose ; whitish,
banded with chocolate lines, arranged in pairs.

West Indies.

No dimensions given, but figure greatly magnified.

C. INFLEXA, von Martens. PL 20, fig. 95.

Whorls angulate in the middle, with about nine rounded ribs,
and numerous revolving striae ; pink-white. Length, 5 mill.

Tropical Atlantic Ocean.

Said to be allied to C. Auberiana, d'Orb. A single specimen
found in the stomach of a fish.

C. OCCATA, Hinds. PI. 18, fig. 46.

Shell light yellowish brown. Length, 10 mill.

Magnetic Island, West Coast of Veragua (Hinds).

C. MERITA, Hinds. PI. 18, fig. 32.

Shell shortly plicately ribbed, transversely striated, angulated

next the suture; yellowish, back of last whorl clouded with

brown, with a brown line on the shoulder-angle. Length, 12 mill.

Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (Hinds).

C. SCULPTA, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 14.

Whorls rather flatly convex, ribbed longitudinally, crossed by
fine revolving lines; ribs rounded, rather compressed, leaving
off near the suture, outer lip externally varicose ; yellowish,

banded with light brown. Length, 21 mill.

Panama.

Hinds' unique specimen, figured above, was not adult; I add
the varicose lip from an adult before me.

C. CANFIELDI, Dall. PL 20, fig. 91.

Shell narrowly shouldered ; numerous indistinct longitudinal
plications fade out towards the lower part of the body-whorl,
about sixteen revolving ridges on the body-whorl, sinus deep ;

CLATHURELLA. 281

yellowish white, without bands or with from one to three narrow

chocolate bands. Length, 8 mill.

Monterey, Gal.
C. AFFINIS, Dall. PL 20, fig. £0.

Strongly ribbed and transversely striated, narrowly shouldered;
outer lip internally lirate, much thickened, with two strong den-
ticulations, inner lip with four or five crenulations on the colu-
mella ; livid purple, with a single white band on the middle of
the body-whorl, appearing just above the suture of the penulti-
mate whorl. Length, 6 mill.

Cape St. Lucas, L. Gal.; San Miguel IsL, So. California.

C. HAYSIANA, Angas. PL 15, fig 46.

Whorls angulated, the decussating sculpture forming nodules;
dull chalky gray, apex and interior of aperture purple.

Length, 12 mill.

New South Wales, Australia.

C. RETICOSA, Adams and Angas.

Ovately fusiform, fuscous, with a median white band ; whorls
six, rather flat, with scarcely a sutural angle, reticulated (but not
nodulous ) by sculpture ; aperture elongately ovate, lip nodosely
lirate within. L. 12, diam. 5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

" A species very similar in its general character to C. purpurea,
BL, from the Mediterranean."

C. TENUILIRATA, Angas. PL 16, fig. 52.

Shell solid, opaque, pale brown ; longitudinal ribs eight, com-
pressed, prominent, crossed by narrow, distant erect ridges,
becoming sharply angular at the intersection, the entire spaces
between them being very closely and regularly ornamented with
fine hair-like concentric striae ; outer lip thin-edged, variced, the
interior with a tubercle next the posterior sinus, which is broad
and shallow. Length, 8 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

C. RJSSOIDES, Reeve. PL 27, figs. 8, 9.

Shell smooth, shining, semitransparent ; first three whorls
longitudinally plaited, the rest smooth, the last with a varix
nearly opposite the aperture (accidental ?) • columella spirally

282 CLATHURELLA.

twisted, lip rather thickened, delicately denticulated within,
sinus small, distinct; whitish, washed with clouded yellow
streaks, apex pink. Length, 23 mill.

Isle of Ticao, Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming\
A curious shell, with which I am not acquainted.

C. GRANULOSISSIMA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 20.

Shell somewhat like C. sculptilis, but differs in having the fine
spiral lirse conspicuously granular, about every fourth one being
larger than the others ; color uniform pale brown ; longitudinal
ribs very conspicuous ; sinus very faint. Length, 6*5 mill.

N. Tasmania.

Figured from a type specimen in the collection of the Royal
Society of Tasmania.

C. SCULPTILIS, Angas. PI. 16, fig. 51.

Moderately solid, pale brown ; whorls seven, rounded, a little
excavated next the sutures; with about nine rounded ribs,
between which are numerous fine erect longitudinal striae, which
become crescent-shaped on the flattened area below the sutures,
and encircled with numerous concentric, somewhat irregular
ridges, which are slightly nodulous at the intersections; outer lip
varicose, slightly silicate within, sinus rather deep.

Length, 8 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

C. SCULPTILIOR, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 21.

Differs from the preceding species in being smaller, without
smooth subsutural space, ribs sixteen, revolving sculpture alter-
nately larger and smaller, lines of growth not very visible ;

brownish white. Length, 5'5 mill.

Tasmania.

Figured from a type in Coll. Roy. Soc. of Tasmania.

C. DEBILIS, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 10.

Whorls rounded, without sutural shoulder, ribs small, close,
extending to the sutures, crossed by revolving striae ; yellowish,
darker between the ribs. Length, 11 mill.

New Guinea, Straits of Macassar (Hinds) ;

Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier).

CLATHURELLA. 283

C. oxYCLATHRUS, Martens. PL 16, fig. 49.

Whorls clathrate by distant longitudinal and revolving lirae,
forming nodes at the intersections, interstices finely cancellate ;
sinus narrow and deep; light yellowish brown.

Length, 1 inch.

New Guinea.
C. CUMINGII, Powis. PI. 26, fig. 76 ; PL 23, fig. 90.

Ribs slightly nodulous, columella spirally plaited, canal very
short and slightly recurved ; lip somewhat thin, without external
varix, sinus small, distinct ; pale orange-brown with small deeper-
colored spots, the revolving striae white. Length, 34 mill.

Grimwood's Island ; Philippines.

C. albibalteata, Reeve (PL 23, f. 90), appears to be a slight
variation only in coloring and sculpture from the type.

C. TRITONOIDES, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 91.

Delicately cancellated with very finely nodulous longitudinal
ribs and elevated transverse striae ; lip thickened, sinus small ;
yellowish brown, obscurely banded with white in the middle.

Length, 23 mill.

Philippines (C tuning).

C. FENESTRATA, ReCVC. PL 26, fig. 83.

Shell thin, pellucid, whorls latticed throughout with rather
distant superficial ridges, lip simple, sinus rather broad ; trans-
parent white, faintly stained with orange. Length, 10 mill.

Philippines, coral sand at 9 fms. (Cuming).

The Messrs. Adams place this in Daphnella on account of its
thin lip, a feature which I suppose to be due to juvenility, as the
shell has the facies of a Clathurella.

C. OCTANGULA, Dunker. PL 16, fig. 50.

Shell solid, obtusely shouldered, strongly ribbed, transversely
sutistriate ; yellowish white, with an interrupted chestnut band.

Length, 10 mill.
C. SINCLAIRI, E. A. Smith. PL 34, fig. 91. Japan.

Spiral striae close, most apparent in the interstices of the ribs ;
pale brown or purplish brown, with a central pale spiral band.

Length, 11 mill.

New Zealand.

First described by Prof. F. W. Hutton as G. Letourneuxiana,

284 CLATHURELLA.

Crosse. Subsequently, ascertaining that it is distinct from that
species, he named it C. luteofasciata, Reeve — from which it is
also distinct. Mr. Gillies calls it as above.

C. FUSCOBALTEATA, Smith. PI. 25, fig. 59.

Yellowish, pale violet or lilac towards the apex, banded with
light brown, one band at the top of the whorls darker than the
rest ; ribs about sixteen, crossed by fine lirae ; lip thickened within
and exteriorly, thin at the extreme edge, smooth interiorly, sinus

sutural, small. Length, 12 mill.

Japan.
C. SUBZONATA, Smith. PI. 25, fig. 56.

Light yellowish brown, more or less distinctly medianly
banded, with opaque white lines interrupted by dark brown dots
or short lines, sometimes marked with opaque white streaks just
beneath the suture, and with a second less apparent transverse
band around the lower part of the body-whorl ; ribs sixteen,
crossed by spiral lirae ; lip moderately thickened, smooth within,

with a small sutural sinus. Length, 17 mill.

Japan.

C. CANALICULATA, ReCVC. PL It, fig. 9.

Ovately turreted, suture of the spire channeled, whorls finely
latticed with raised striae, sinus large ; whitish.

Length, 9 mill.

Hob. unknown.

A light elegantly formed shell, contracted at the base.
C. ROBILLARDI, Barclay. PL 16, fig. 55.

Shell thin, white, with distant, thin, ridge-like ribs, and distant
revolving lirse, more closely striate at the base.

Length, 1 inch.

Mauritius.
C. BICOLOR, Angas. PL 16, fig. 61.

Rather solid, light yellowish brown, the sutures, lower half of
the body-whorl and interior of aperture reddish chestnut ; whorls
very narrowly, obtusely shouldered; longitudinal ribs close,
crossed by revolving striae; outer lip thin, denticulated within,
strongly varicose externally, sinus rather broad and deep.

Length, 7-12 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

It is possible that Drillia vexillum, Reeve, is identical with
this species, and if so, that name has priority.

CLATHURELLA. 285

C. ALBOCINCTA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 84.

Moderately solid ; reddish brown, with a rather broad white
band on the middle of the body-whorl, visible on the spire ; lip
thickened, dentate within. Length, 5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.
C. ZONULATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 89.

Rather solid, light brown, banded with ashy gray below the
sutures and towards the base of the last whorl, encircled with
rather distant fine brown lines ; longitudinally nodosely plicate,
transversely closely lirate ; lip thin, varicose, sinus moderate.

Length, 8 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

C. RUFOZONATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 100.

Shell solid, white, sometimes with a zone of double interrupted
chestnut lines near the base of the body-whorl, similar markings
being apparent here and there near the upper portion of the
whorls ; ribs nodose. Length, 5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

C. PUSTULATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 85.

Moderately solid, whorls rounded, white, irregularly longi-
tudinally flamed with chestnut on the upper whorls, with two
broad brown bands on the last whorl ; sinus rather broad and
shallow. Length, 7 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

May be at once recognized by the stout granules at the base
of the pillar.

C. MODESTA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 92.

Solid, fulvous brown; intersections of sculpture nodulous;
columella with a few strong granulations at the base.

Length, 5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

Closely allied to and perhaps identical with G. granulosissima,
Tenison-Woods.

C. BRENCHLEYI, Angas. PL 17, fig 93.

Shell moderately solid, light brown, inclining to ash-color
towards the apex ; aperture tinged with brown.

Length, 18 mill.

N. S. Wales, Australia.

286 CLATHURELLA.

C. GBACILISPIRA, E. A Smith. PL 17, fig. 94.

Light yellowish brown, faintly banded with chestnut between
the ribs on the upper part of the whorls, and stained with chestnut
below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 15 mill.

Japan.

More slender, the whorls more convex, the extremities more
lengthened and attenuated than C. bicolor, Angas.

C. LETOURNEUXIANA, Crosse. PL 17, figs. 87, 86 ; PL 34, fig. 99.

Yellowish brown, or light reddish brown. Length, 12 mill.

New South Wales; Tasmania.
Yar. LALLEMANTIANA, Crosse. PL 17, fig. 86.

Two of the revolving lines more prominent, ridge-like.

G. incrusta, Tenison-Woods (PL 34, fig. 99), is a smaller shell,
7 mill., with two of the revolving striae more prominent (on the
body-whorl 8-9), slightly keel-like. I figure it from a specimen
sent to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome, of Tasmania. I believe it to
be a S3rnonym of G. Letourneuxiana, var., one of my specimens
of the latter exhibiting a transition from the normal type with
equal revolving sculpture to the form with two more prominent
lines.
C. PYRAMIDULA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 20.

Closely latticed with small numerous flexuous longitudinal ribs
and revolving striae, a narrow shoulder below the sutures ; body-
whorl somewhat truncated at the base ; yellowish brown, or
yellowish white. Length 11 mill.

Habitat unknown (Reeve); New Guinea (Brazier).
C. NAGASAKIENSIS, Smith. PI, 19, fig. 71.

Yellowish brown ; closely sculptured by longitudinal numerous
ribs and spiral striae ; a very slight concave constriction below
the sutures ; aperture rather small, light brown within, outer lip

thin. Length, 17 mill.

Japan.
Has the appearance of immaturity.

C. MUTICA, Hinds. PL 34, fig. 98.

Not ribbed, transversely striate ; yellowish brown, with longi-
tudinal chestnut strigations and a median white band, chestnut
at the base. Length, 15 mill.

Straits of Malacca, 17 fms., mud (Hinds).

CLATHURELLA. 28 7

C. SCALARIS, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 78.

Ribs rounded, but narrower than represented by the figure,
running into the suture,.like the lamellae of Scalaria, closely trans-
versely striate, whorls convex, with well-impressed sutures; light
yellowish brown, with a narrow indistinct chestnut zone below
the' middle of the body-whorl. Length, 9 mill.

Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, 12 fms. (Hinds).

C. AMABILIS, Hinds. PI. IT, fig. 6.

Ribs few, distant, narrow, revolving striae fine and close ; pale
orange-brown, last whorl with a narrow white band, suture orna-
mented with white spots. Length, 16 mill.

Straits of Malacca, 17 fms., mud (Hinds).

Very closely allied to the preceding species, but larger, with
less numerous ribs.

C. NEXA, Reeve*. PI. 16, fig. 69.

Whorls rounded, plicately ribbed, encircled with fine narrow
cords, becoming nodulous on crossing the ribs ; lip flattened,
sinus broad - whitish, stained with chestnut, the cords darker
chestnut or chocolate. Length, 12-15 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Islands (Garrett).

C. PHILIPPINENSIS, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 81.

Tentricose, rather transparent, white, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs very delicate, rather compressed, somewhat distant, and
variously painted with black or chestnut and opaque-white.

Length, 14 mill.

Philippines, under stones, at low-water (Cuming).

I suspect that this will prove to be a color-variety of the pre-
ceding species.

C. GRANICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 80 ; PI. 17, fig. 88.

Yellowish or blush-brown, with a white band above the middle,
the nodules darker-colored. Length, 9-13 mill.

Viti Islands (Garrett) ; Mauritius (Robillard).
C. rufinodis, Martens (fig. 88), is a synonym.

288 CLATHURELLA.

C. METCALFIANA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 17.

Shell ovate, rather thick, with close revolving elevated striae,
longitudinally somewhat obsoletely grooved towards the apex ;
white, painted with two bands of reddish brown spots.

Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. FORAMINATA, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 7.

Yery closely latticed with narrow longitudinal and transverse
striae ; yellowish. Length, 6 mill.

Hob. unknown.
C. FIMBRIATA, Hinds, PL 16, fig. 82.

Longitudinally closely , nuinerousjy laminate, the laminee short,
flexuous, dentate ; lip crenulated, reflected, sinus very small ;
pale reddish brown, with a central white, narrow band.

Length, 9 mill.

New Guinea.
C. PARVULA, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 72.

Whorls rather swollen, longitudinally ribbed, transversely
very minutely ridged ; pale yellowish brown. Length, 6 mill. ?

Habitat unknown.

Reeve gives no dimensions, but his figure is probably magnified
three times — as are most of the others upon the same plate.

C. FOVEOLATA, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 73.

Reticulated with strong elevated ridges, granose at the inter-
sections ; white. Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

u The interstices of the reticulations are peculiarly deeply
pitted."

C. REFLEX A, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 74.

Shell Triton-shaped, longitudinally ribbed, transversely
strongly ridged ; aperture rather long, sinuous, lip reflexed,
denticulated within; whitish, tinged with chestnut between the
ribs. Length, 7 mill.

Hab. unknown (Reeve) ; N. Guinea (Brazier).

C. BILINEATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 4.

Whorls angulate above, coarsely longitudinally ribbed and
transversely ridged, the interstices very finely decussately
striated ; posterior sinus very shallow ; pale straw-color or light

CLATHURELLA. 289

brown, nearly white round the aperture and at the base, with a
narrow chestnut band just below the suture, and a second
between the periphery and base of the last whorl.
Length, 4 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

C. BICARINATA, Pease. PL IT, fig. 90.

Shell white, decussately striated, the body-whorl with two, the
spire-whorls with one stout revolving keel, crenulated on the
edge ; sinus a very narrow deep slit terminating in a round hole,

Length, 10 mill.

Islands.

0. CARINULATA, Souverbie. PL 17, fig. 95.

Longitudinally obscurely ribbed, and transversely striated,
ribs disappearing tp. wards the base, where the striae become
stronger ; body-whorl tricarinate, those of the spire bicarinate,
caririae nodulous ; whitish, maculated with yellowish chestnut.

Length, 8 mill.

New Caledonia.

C. TRICARTNATA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 15 ; PL 26, fig. 91.

Shell finely decussated by raised striae, last whorl three-,
upper ones one-keeled ; white. Length, 12 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Japan (Dunker).

Mr. Garrett writes to me that this = the unfigured Purpura
exilis, Dunker, from the Yiti Islands. See Manual, ii, 176.
I think M. lactea, Reeve (PL 26, fig. 91). is a larger specimen of
the same species.

C. HINDSII, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 12.

White, faintly variegated with pale brown ; last whorl with
four distant revolving ridges, the others with two, delicately
cancellated with numerous compressed smaller ribs. Figure
slightly magnified.

Philippines.
C. PULCHERRIMA, H. Adams. PL 17, fig. 99.

Clathrate by three revolving ridges, and longitudinal lines ;
whitish ; whorls four, convex, the last subventricose.

Length, 7 mill.

New Hebrides.

290 CLATHURELLA.

C. PUNCTICINCTA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 79.

Longitudinally rather obscurely plicated, interstices very
minutely striated, sinus rather large; whitish, with an inter-
rupted band of chestnut on the periphery, coloring the interstices
of the ribs so as to form a circle of spots. Length, 8 mill.

Hab. unknown.
C. EETUSA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 83.

Ribs rounded, close, forming a coronal on the shoulder-angle,
crossed by revolving striae ; orange-brown, purplish at the apex.
Length, 8 mill.

Straits of Macassar, sand at 8 fms. (Hinds).

C. EXIMIA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 5.

Shell with narrow longitudinal lamellae, fimbriated by the
intersection of revolving sculpture ; sinus rather indistinct,
canal slightly twisted. Length, 18 mill.

Philippines, under stones at low-water (Cuming),

I am not acquainted with this Trophon-like species. The sinus,
though somewhat indistinct, is fully sufficient, according to
Reeve, to place it in the Pleurotomidse.

C. SEMIGRANOSA, Reeve. PL 11, fig. 98.

Whorls concave round the upper part, nodosely ribbed in the
middle, granulated beneath ; whitish, encircled round the lower

part with an orange band. Length, 8 mill.

Hab. unknown.

C. CAVERNOSA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 10 ; PL 19, fig. 69.

Slightly angulated above, longitudinally distantly ribbed,
latticed with narrow raised revolving ridges, cavernously grooved
near the base ; chestnut, lighter on the ridges.

Length, 6-7 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Is. (Garrett).

C. infrasulcata, Garrett (PL 19, f. 69), is a synonym: the
figure does not represent the type specimen nearly as well as
does that of Reeve.
C. MICANS, Hinds. PL 17, fig. 8.

Chestnut-color, with small, rather sharp, whitish, oblique ribs,
fading towards the suture ; back of last whorl smooth ; lip thin,
acute, smooth within. Length, 8 mill.

Gulf of Papagayo, mud at 14 fms. (Hinds).

<pt LIBfl^.

SV OF THE n'
CLATHURELLA. |{J ftl V E R S l¥¥

C. GLUMACBA, Hinds. PL It, fig. 13. V £.

i T T7

Pale brown, shining, rather strongly shouldered ; ribs short,
rounded, running into the suture, transversely striated, aperture
brown. Length, 6 mill.

New Guinea, mud at 22 fras. (Hinds).

C. DENTIFERA, Hillds. PI. It, fig. 19.

Whorls five, ribbed, crossed by revolving lines ; ribs numerous,
small, narrow, running into the suture; lip crenulated, dilated
and toothed at the lower part, columella furnished with a tooth
at the lower part : orange-brown. Length, 13 mill.

N. Guinea ; Straits of Malacca, mud at 5-lt fms. (Hinds).

C. MABTBNSI, Nevill. PL 19, fig. 4t.

Dark brown, the granules lilac-color ; columella twisted in the
middle, with a few minute denticulations at its edge, violet ; outer
lip bright brown, with a deep rounded sinus, and four strong
lilac-colored teeth. Length, 5 mill.

Ceylon, in sand.
C. BLANFORDI, Nevill. PL 19, fig. 48.

Granulate, with an excavated furrow near the base of the body-
whorl ; lip thickened, with two or three granules, and a rather
large sinus ; lilac-colored throughout. Length, 5*t5 mill.

Annesley Bay, Abyssinia; Polynesia.

C. rosea, D linker, from McKean IsL, Phrenix Group, appears
to be the same.

C. POLYNESIENSIS, Reeve. PL It, fig. 3.

Whorls narrowly obtusely shouldered, longitudinally closely
ribbed, transversely striated ; lip thickened, sinus large; white.

Length, 6-8 mill.

Paumotus Is.
C. REEVEANA, Deshayes. PL 19, figs. 56, 75.

Surface almost microscopically decussated, the spiral sculpture
being generally the strongest ; whitish, with light chestnut
revolving lines, irregularly distributed, approximating or distant.
Length, t-9 mill.

Isle of Bourbon, Mauritius, Andaman Is.,

Viti and Paumotus Is.

G. tumida, Pease (fig. t5), and, according to A. Garrett, the
unfigured C. concinna, Danker, are synonyms.

292 CLATHURELLA.

C. CYCLOPHORA, Desh. PI. 19, fig. 54.

Obsoletely longitudinally plicate, transversely distinctly
striate, suture somewhat corded and noduled ; white flamed
with brown. Length, 7 mill.

Isle of Bourbon ; Mauritius.

Appears to be very closely related to the preceding species.

C. LABIOSA, E. A. Smith. PL 20, fig. 89.

Obliquely longitudinally costate, transversely sulcate, sulci
indistinct on the ribs, whorls angulated above ; white, with a
pellucid zone below the suture. Length, 5 mill.

Whydah, W. Africa.
C. SMITHI, Nevill. PL 19, fig. 49.

Whorls slopingly shouldered above the middle, smooth above
the angle, closely reticulated and granular below it, longitudinal
sculpture becoming obsolete towards the base ; sometimes addi-
tionally keeled just below the suture ; white, tinged with pale
brown on the columella arid outer lip. Length, 3'5 mill.

Persian Gulf.
C. ALBOSTRIGATA, Baird. PL 19, fig. 53.

Whitish or light yellowish brown, marked on the back of the
body-whorl with a pure white chalky-looking band, and in some
instances with an interrupted band of brown. Length, 6 mill.

New Caledonia.

C. TINCTA, Reeve. PL 16, figs. 76, 75; PL 17, fig. 96; PL 32,
fig. 40.

Longitudinal ribs strong, with revolving riblets reticulating

them, interstices deep ; sinus broad ; white, interruptedly banded

above and below with orange-brown spots. Length, 9-12 mill.

Viii '/«., New Caledonia, Paumotus, New Guinea.

C. albifuniculata, Reeve (fig. 75), is a synonym, and C. rubro-
guttata, H. Adams (PL 17, fig. 96), which Mr. Garrett writes to
me — the unfigured C. corrugata, Dunker, appears to me to be
merely a small variety.

C. FELINA, Hinds. PL 17, fig. 18 ; PL 19, fig. 70; PL 22, fig. 64;

PL 32, fig. 40.

Decussated by longitudinal and revolving sculpture, yellowish
white, with chestnut short longitudinal strigations upon the

CLATHURELLA. 293

granules, often upon every alternate rib, interrupted by a central
white space, and again painted towards the base.

Length, 8-10 mill.

New Ireland, Upolu, New Caledonia.

Reeve's figure (fig. 18) is a very poor one ; that of Hinds (PI.
32, fig. 40) is better, but neither that, nor the figure of one of the
synonyms, C. apicalis, Montrouzier (PI. 22, fig. 64), exhibits per-
fectly the usual arrangement of the coloring ; sometimes this
coloring is broken up and more or less dispersed over the sur-
face, and then there is considerable resemblance to the preceding
species. CL picta, Thinker (unfigured), is probably identical,
and CL maculosa, Pease (PI. 19, fig. 70), appears to be a small
variety.
C. PUNCTTFERA, Garrett. PI. 19, fig. 74.

Ribs small, narrower than their interstices, ten to eleven on
the body-whorl, crossed by smaller transverse ridges, the granules
of intersection light brown, the rest of the shell cinereous;
sinus rather large, semicircular, lip six-toothed within.

Length, 5 mill.

Society, Samoa and Viti Islands.

This species is allied to the preceding ; the spots on the granu-
lated ribs are not shown on the figure — in which the ribs also
are too narrow.

C. PERPLEXA, Nevill. PI. 19, fig/65.

Uniform ash-color, a shade or two darker in the interstices of
the ribs and near the apex ; columella, outer margin of the lip
and interior of the aperture bright chestnut-brown ; outer lip
very sharp, irregularly undulating, obsoletely granulated just
within the aperture. Length, 6 mill.

Bombay, Ceylon.
C. SINGULARIS, Nevill. PI. 19, fig. 61.

Faintly and obtusely ribbed, crossed by distant raised lines;
whorls obtusely angulated at the periphery ; white, in the centre
of the ribs on the last whorl ornamented with obsolete brown
spots. Length, 8*5 mill.

Andaman Islands.
C. MASONI, Nevill. PL 19, fig. 60.

Sharply shouldered, white, outer lip granular within.
Length, 4 mill.

Andaman Islands.

294 CLATHURELLA.

C. ENGIN^EFORMIS, Nevill. PI. 19, fig. 58.

Openly clathrate, nodulous at the intersections of the sculpture ;
white, with a single, somewhat irregular yellow band, repeated
a little below the middle of the last whorl ; some of the granules
on this band are yellow, whilst others are white.

Length, 5-5 mill.

Ceylon.
C. CONTORTULA, Nevill. PL 19, fig. 55.

White, with a pink tinge towards the apex. Length, 5'5 mill.

Ceylon.
C. OBTUSA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 77.

Obtusely ribbed, transversely finely ridged, sinus broad ; pale
yellow. Length, 15 mill?

Habitat unknown.

No dimensions are given by Reeve. Perhaps his figure is a
magnified one.

C. ARMSTRONGI, Nevill. PL 19, fig. 59.

Distantly and obtusely ribbed, crossed by fine regular striae;
columella much twisted, with a shining, granulated callosity,
outer lip very closely minutely granulate just within the aperture,
sinus remarkably wide, deeply excavated ; chocolate-brown.

Length, 5 mill.

Andaman Is.
C. ARCTATA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 2.

Ribs corded with raised striae, lip thickened, peculiarly effused,
sinus large ; dull white. Length, 7 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Darnley /., N. Australia (Brazier).

C. D^DALEA, Garrett. PL 19, fig. 66.

Yellowish white, maculated with small irregular chestnut-
brown spots, mostly confined to the ribs; whorls slightly tabu-
lated at the sutures; ribs rounded, compressed, 13-14 on the
body-whorl, slightly oblique, crossed by small, revolving elevated
lines, forming granules at the intersections ; sinus deep, outer
lip varicose, crenulate and shortly lirate within, columella faintly
rugose with oblique wrinkles. Length, 8 mill.

Viti Islands.

The coloration is very like C. felina, Hinds, but this is a
narrower species.

CLATHURELLA. 295

C. BRAZIERI, Angas. PL 17, fig. 98.

Whorls narrowly shouldered, longitudinally plicate, trans-
versely finely ridged ; outer lip thin, simple within, sinus wide,
not very deep ; pale brown, a little darker on the body-whorl and

at the apex. Length, 6 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

Described as a Clathurella,but the thin outer lip might remove
it from the group — unless the diagnosis is from a young shell.

C. CJELATA, Garrett. PL 20, fig. 99.

Ribs ten, nodose, crossed by 10-11 revolving ridges, interstices
scabrous with close, elevated longitudinal strise ; sinus large ;
cinereous, stained with luteous, nodules whitish and obsoletely
lineated in the spiral grooves. Length, 6 mill.

Viti Islands.

C. GRANOSA, Bunker. PL 19, fig. 72.

Cinereous, with four or five revolving brown lines on the upper
whorls and three near the base ; ribs twelve, rather stout, inter-
stices with small transverse ridges, which form nodules on the
ribs ; sinus large, rounded, peristome 6-7 toothed within.

Length, 5 mill.

Viti and Samoa Islands.

The figure does not do justice to this species ; it is narrower,
and the lineations are more prominent. Bunker's species remains
unfigured, but its identit}r with C. semilineata, Garrett, is
admitted by the latter in a note to me.

0. LINEOLATA, Gray. PL 21, fig. 14.

Somewhat fusiformly oblong, longitudinally obtusely ribbed ;
whitish, encircled with very fine brown lines. Length, 6 mill.

Hob. unknown.

" May be known by the fine hair-lines with which it is encircled ;
the ribs have not that granular appearance represented in the
figure." The figure does not show the brown lines — in fact is
valueless, so that we can only guess at the probable relationship
of this to the preceding species.

20

296 CLATHURELLA.

C. SCALARINA, Desh. PI. 19, fig. 52.

Whitish, with a narrow chestnut or chocolate sutural band,
and another below the middle of the body-whorl only.
Length, 6 mill.

Ceylon and Mauritius (Nevill) ; Isle of

Bourbon (Deshayes).

Pease makes this a synonym of C. rugosa, Mighels, but it is
not nearl}7 related to that species.

C. ALBA, Desh. PI. 25, fig. 38.

White. Length, 4 mill. Me of Bourbon,

C. RAVA, Hinds. PI. 18, fig. 42.

Fulvous, the interstices of the ribs and edge of the lip stained
purple-red ; sinus wide and deep. Length, 12 mill.

Isl of Mindanao, Philippines (Cuming).

C. VULTUOSA, Reeve. PI. 15, figs. 33, 36 ; PI. 16, fig. 66.

Yellowish white or light yellowish brown ; apex sometimes

rosaceous. Length, 8-10 mill.

Philippines.

G. efficta, Reeve (PI. 16, fig. 66), locality unknown, apparently
belongs here, as well as C. compta, Reeve (PI. 15, fig. 36).

C. NASSOIDES, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 29.

Shell thin, as though pellucid, ribs close, obtuse ; horny white,
banded above and below with reddish brown. Length, 12 mill.

Hob. unknown.
C. GRAYI, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 31.

Light chestnut-brown, with two darker bands on the body-
whorl. Length, 6'5 mill.

Hob. unknown.
C. LIRATA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 56.

Shell ornamented with revolving ridges, sinus broad and large;
yellowish white, edge of the lip stained with deep red within.
Length, 10 mill.

Philippines, sandy mud at 7 fms. (Cuming).

C. LANGUIDA, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 42.

Ribs and striae rather distant, nodulous ; sinus large ; whitish,
stained with reddish brown. Length, 9'5 mill.

Darnley IsL, N. Australia (Brazier).

CLATHURELLA. 297

C. RUGOSA, Mighels. PI. 19, fig. 57.

Outer lip thickened, toothed, sinus large and rather deep ;
whitish, with a chestnut band at the suture, obscurely indicated
on the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 6'5 mill.

Sandwich Inlands (Mighels and Pease) ; Upolu (Bunker,

Garrett) ; Ceylon, Mauritius, Bourbon (Nevill).

Var. CURCULIO, Nevill.

Ribs twelve, with four revolving keels on the whorls, of which
the two middle ones are more prominent and spirally striated ;
two brown lines on the body-whorl, showing within the aperture.

Length, 8 mill.
Var. FALLAX, Nevill.

Ribs nine, the transverse keels less unequal in size, only one
brown line on the last whorl and within the aperture.

Length, 4-5 mill.

According to Mr. Garrett the unfigured Cl. solidula and C.
cincta, Dunker, are synonyms of rugosa.

C. FORMOSA, Jeffreys. PI. 33, fig. Cl.

Sculpture variable, the longitudinal varying from strise to ribs,
sometimes nodulous ; suture deep, with a sloping infrasutural
groove ; sinus remarkably deep and broad ; thin, opaque, dark-
colored. Length, 12'5 mill.

Europe, North Atlantic ; deep sea.

C. TESSELLATA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 24.

Whorls granular, decussated with longitudinal and spiral lines;
painted with brown somewhat square spots. Length, 6 mill.

Straits of Macassar, coarse sand at 10 fms. (Hinds).

C. LEMNISCATA, Nevill. PI. 15, fig. 28.

White, with a brown band just below the sutures, and a second
one below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 6'5 mill.

Ceylon, Mauritius.
C. MALLETI, Recluz. PL 20, figs. 100, 96.

Rose-red with a median white band ; inner margin of aperture
with 5-6 closely set teeth. Length, 4 mill.

Samoa and Viti Islands ( Garrett) ;

Andaman Is. (Nevill).
C. pinguis, Garrett (fig. 96), is a synonym.

298 CLATHURELLA.

C. PURPURASCENS, Dunker. PI. 20, fig. 90.

Rose-red to violaceous, with a central white band ; outer lip
5-6 toothed within. Length, 5 mill.

Viti Islands.

A narrower form, with less robust sculpture than C. Malleti.
It is unfigured, but is admitted by Mr. Garrett to be identical
with his C. pulchella, over which it has two years' priority of
publication.

C. CLANDESTINA, Deshaycs. PI. 19, fig. 67 ; PL 20, fig. 81.

Minutely granular, light violaceous with two darker bands of
the same color. Length, 5*5 mill.

Isle of Bourbon (Desh.) ; Paumotus (Pease) ;

Viti Is. (Garrett).
C. violacea, Pease (PL 20, fig. 81), is a synonym.

C. PURPURATA, Souverbie. PL 20, fig. 76.

Violaceous or rosy white to purplish, sometimes obscurely
lighter banded in the middle ; ribs evanescent towards the
decidedly cons'tricted base of the body-whorl, where the revolv-
ing sculpture becomes more prominent ; lip much thickened,
dentate within. Length, 9*5 mill.

N. Caledonia (Souverbie) ; Viti Is. (Schmeltz) ;

Paumotus (Garrett).
The specimens usually have a rounded shoulder on the whorls.

C. PUMILA, Mighels. PL 19, fig. 68.

Pinkish white, with an orange-brown band near the sutures,
and a broader one below the middle of the last whorl.

Length, 5'5 mill.

Sandwich Islands.

C. reticulata, Garrett, is a synonym.
C. PRODUCTA, Pease. PL 19, fig. 63.

Yellowish white ; sinus deep. Length, 6 mill.

Sandwich Jslands.

I have not seen this species. The figure appears to represent
an immature individual.

C. PUSTULOSA, Folin. PL 30, fig. 73.

Light fulvous, the pustules tipped with red. Length, 5 mill.

Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina.

CLATHURELLA. 299

C. NODOSA, Folin. PL 30, fig. 71.

Light fulvous. Length, 4 mill.

Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina.

Un figured or unidentified species of Glathurella.

0. PUNGENS, Gould, C. ASPERSA, Gould. Hong Kong.

C. TURRICULA and C. PUNCTATA, Dunker. Upolu.

C. NEGLECTA, C. B. Ad. (= DESPECTA, H. and A. Ad.). Panama.

C. PYGM^IA, C. MACULATA, C. MINOR, C. B. Ad. Jamaica.

C. SECT A, Sowb. China.

C. RUBICUNDA, Gould (Loo Ghoo)-, C. FILOSA, Gould (Ousima)-,
C. LACUNOSA, Gould (Hong Kong) ; C. AMPLEXA, Gould,
(Simon's Bay) ; C. PEREGRINA, Gould (Sydney, N. S. W.\

C. HEPTAGONA, C. FUSCOLINEATA, C. FENESTRATA, Punker. Upolu.

C. STREPTOPHORA (N. Atlantic), C.PACHIA, C. ARANEOSA, C.PUDENS,

C. PERPAUXILLA, C. CIRCUMVOLUTA, C. CHARTESSA, C. HORMO-

PHORA (all West Indies), C. PERPARVA (Pernambuco), C. CHYTA
(Azores^, Watson.
C. EXILIS, Phil. Red Sea.

C. HARPA, C. ELEGANS, C. PAUCICOSTATA, C. CYLINDRIQA, C. BRUN-
NEA, C. FUSCOMACULATA, C. BALTEATA, C. BUCCINOIDES, C. EXTLTS,

and C. PULCHELLA, Pease. Sandwich Islands.

C. GIBBERA, C. TENELLA, C. CONVEXA, C. TENERA (all Mediter-
ranean), C. NODULOSA, (Medit., Portugal), C. EXQUISITA (Por-
tugal), ail of Jeffreys.

C. SUBGRANOSA (Singapore), C. ALTERNANS (^Ta&. ?),C. RETICULOSA
(Japan), C. ALBICAUDATA (Persian Gulf), C. PIPERATA
(Korea), C. MORETONICA (Australia), C. CAPENSIS (S. Africa),
C. COMMODA (So. Africa), C. ASPERULATA (Japan, Persian
Gulf), C. TRIFILOSA (Hab.1), all of Edgar A. Smith.

C. PHILOMENA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.

C. MACLEAYI (Australia), C. TRICOLOR (Australia), C. RAMSAYI
(New Guinea), C. BARNARDI (Australia), all of Brazier.

C. PAPUENSIS, Tapparone-Canefri. New Guinea.

C. HEXAGONA, Pfr. Cuba.

C. CRYSTALLINA, and C. CONSTRICT A, Gabb. Gatalina Isld., Gal.

C. INTERCALARIS, and C. SERRATA, Carpenter. Panama.

300 DAPHNELLA.

Genus DAPHNELLA, Hinds.
D. LYMNEIFORMIS, Kiener. PI. 26, figs. 60, 89, 90, 93.

Whorls with narrow, close, revolving ridges, the earlier ones
with longitudinal ribs ; white, irregularly maculated with chest-
nut, often forming longitudinal zigzag markings.

Length, 14 mill.

West Indies, Philippines, Australia.

D. decorata, C. B. Adams, is a synonym, from the West
Indies, and D. patula, Reeve (tig. 89), another from the Philip-
pines ; the above widely separated localities appear to be well
authenticated. Kiener gave the Indian Ocean and Isle of France
for habitats.
Yar. FRAGILTS, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 90.

Shell thin, fragile, transparent, very closely finely reticulated
throughout with raised lines, the spiral ones the most prominent ;
white. Length, 23 mill.

Hab. ? (Reeve) ; Australia (Angas) ; Japan (E. A. Smith).

Mr. Smith says that the Japanese form is much smaller than
the type, being 10 mill, long ; I suspect, however, that Reeve's
figure is magnified. Mr. Smith also unites this with the type,
but it may better be regarded as a variet}f of it.
D. CASTA, Hinds. PL 26, fig. 96.

Shell glassy, spirally grooved, columella twisted ; faintly tinged
with pink. Length, 13'5 mill.

Gulf of Nicoya, Central America, 23 fms. mud (Hinds).
D. VARIEGATA, Carpenter. PL 22, fig. 54.

Very thin, with nine ribs and almost microscopic revolving
lines ; yellowish or pinkish horn-color, with one or two narrow
chestnut bands — sometimes interrupted. Length, 8 mill.

Sta. Barbara, Cal.

Figured from a specimen, one of the original lot. A variety
nitens has a chestnut and a white band ; from same locality.
D. PLUMBEA, Hinds. PL 21, fig. 39.

Thin, longitudinall}7- ribbed ; pale lead-color, narrowly banded
with chestnut. Length, 13'5 mill.

Magdalena Bay, L. Cal., 5 fms. (Hinds).

I suspect that the preceding species will prove to be
synonymous with tlr's.

DAPHNELLA. 301

D. FUSCOLIGATA, Ball. PL 34, fig. 95.

Strongly sculptured, longitudinally and spirally ; brownish
white, brown-banded at the suture, and in the middle of the
body-whorl, the nodulous intersections of the sculpture frequently
brown-tipped. Length, T-8'5 mill.

Monterey and San Diego, Gal.

Figured from a specimen from the latter locality. The strong
sculpture allies this to Clathurella.

D. BOHOLENSIS, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 92.

Shell without longitudinal sculpture except close growth-lines,
with fine spiral striae, some of which are more prominent than
the others, forming small acute ridges ; whitish, rather indis-
tinctly wraved or streaked with yellowish chestnut.

Length, 12 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Is. (Garrett).

D. HYALINA, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 33 ; PL 26, figs. 82, 86.

Thin, transparent, longitudinally very minutely and closely
elevately striated throughout; whitish, encircled by distant
chestnut lines, sometimes borne on striae. Length, 14 mill.

HabJ

Narrower than the preceding species, but may be only a variety
of it.

D. VARICIFERA, Pease. PL 25, fig. 39.

Shell rather light, thin, closely decussated by longitudinal and
spiral ridges, some of the latter much more prominent ; whorls
here and there somewhat indistinctly varicose ; white, more or
less stained and maculated with chestnut. Length, 17 mill.

Paumotus Is.
D. DELICATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 80.

Shell thin, hyaline, very closely and evenly spirally striated ;
white, with pale chestnut or orange-brown tessellations, inter-
rupted by a white central band. Length, 13-22 mill.

Lord Hood's Isl. (Cuming) ; Tahiti (Garrett).

According to Mr. Garrett the unfigured D. Philippiana,
Dunker, is the same.

302 DAPHNELLA.

D. DELICATULA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 29.

Shell subdiaphanous, shining ; pale yellow, slenderly and

irregularly zoned with red lines. Length, 9 mill.

Tasmania.

Figured from a type specimen in the museum of the Ro}^al
Society of Tasmania.

D. FLAMMEA, Hinds. PL 2S, fig. 78.

Spirally closely striated, lip minutely crenulated within, sinus
somewhat obsolete ; whitish, ornamented with waved longitudinal

chestnut flames. Length, 16 mill.

New Ireland (Hinds).
D. ORNATA, Hinds. PL 26, fig. 88.

Cancellated with decussating striae, sinus rather broad ; pale
fulvous with two revolving rows of short flames or spots of
chestnut. Length, 12 mill.

New Guinea (Hinds) ; Darnley JsZ., N. Australia (Brazier).

D. MARMORATA, Hinds. PL 26, fig. 95.

Whorls flatly angulated around the upper part, elegantly can-
cellated with transverse and longitudinal striae, columella striated
at the base ; whitish, longitudinally zigzag marbled with chest-
nut. Length, 8 mill.

New Guinea (Hinds) ; Darnley /., Australia (Brazier).

Reeve changed the name to Daphnelloides because of PL mar-
morata, Lam. ; the latter is, however, a true Pleurotoma.

D. AUREOLA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 77.

Thin, transparent, spirally ridged, longitudinally very finely
closely striated ; lip crenulated within, sinus small, distinct; pale
golden color. Length, 21* mill.

Isl. of Luzon, Philippines (CumingX

"A delicate shell of so bright a hyaline texture that the pillar
of the lip may be seen throughout." I have doubts of its dis-
tinctness from D.flammea.

D. IQNIFLUA, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 6.

Spirally very closely elevately striated, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs rather broad, approximated, conspicuous towards the apex,

DAPHNELLA. 303

obsolete towards the base ; lip crenulated within, sinus super-
ficial ; whitish, ornamented with waved fulvous orange flames.
Length, 14 mill.

Hab. unknown.
D. SATURATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 75.

Granosely reticulated with raised striae ; lip finely crenulated,
sinus distinct ; deep bright brown within and without, orna-
mented with rather distant longitudinal white markings, and a
white band revolving upon the middle of the body-whorl.
Length, 14 mill.

IsL of Corrigidor, Philippines, coarse sand,

7 fms. (C timing).
D. FUSIFORMIS, Garrett. PL 27, fig. 15.

Longitudinally ribbed on the spire, ribs obsolete on the body-
whorl, where there are several minute periodical varices, with
unequal, more or less crenulated revolving ridges ; lip very finely
crenulated, sinus small ; white, faintly tinged with yellowish
brown. Length, 8 mill.

Paumotus.

I think it not improbable that this is an extreme form of a
young Clathurella tricarinata, Reeve.

D. MILLEGRANA, QaiTett, PL 27, fig. 2.

Whole surface minutely granularly decussated; lip delicately
crenulated, sinus large and deep; white, with short transverse
ferruginous lines and dots. Length, 9 mill.

Paumotus.
D. TESSELLATA, Garrett. PL 27, fig. 1.

Very finely, minutely granularly decussated throughout ; lip
finely crenulated, sinus large and deep, slightly sinuous also near
the base ; white, tessellated with three spiral rows of small, sub-
quadrangular chestnut spots, one row of which appears on the
spire. Length, 10 mill.

Paumotus Is.
D. VITREA, Garrett. PL 25, fig. 57.

Shell thin, vitreous, subpellucid ; whorls eight, obtusely nar-
rowly shouldered above, covered by fine spiral striae, upper
whorls longitudinally ribbed, each whorl with two slight period-
ical varices ; lip finely crenulated, slightly varicose externally,
sinus large and deep ; white. Length, 8 mill.

Paumotus Is.

304 DAPHNELLA.

D. CRENULATA, Pease. PL 25, fig. 55.

White, spirally finely ridged, the interstices striated, longitu-
dinally faintly and obsoletely irregularly ribbed ; sutures bor-
dered on each side by a crenulated rib, the crenulations connected
obliquely by a short ridge ; sinus broad and deep.

Length, 7 mill.

Central Polynesia.
D. AXIS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 85.

Whorls two-keeled round the tipper part, spirally faintly
ridged beneath ; sinus very deep ; whitish, somewhat indistinctly
stained with orange-brown. Length, 23 mill.

Philippines (Cuming).
D. CURTA, Pease. PI. 27, fig. 16.

Strongly decussately granular, white. Length, 4'5 mill.

Paumotus Is.
D. INQUINATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 98.

Shell spirally ridged, closely longitudinally striated, sinus
deep ; whitish, stained here and there with orange-brown.

Length, 9 mill.

Philippines.
D. PLURICARINATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 81.

Shell encircled by numerous sharp keels, the interstices lon-
gitudinally striate, sinus rather large ; whitish, stained with
streaks of orange-brown. Length, 7*5 mill.

Philippines.

Yery closely allied to D. axis, Reeve, but only one-third the
size of the figure of that species, if the latter be not magnified.

D. TICAONICA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 84.

Whorls rather ventricose, spirally irregularly ridged, inter-
stices between the ridges very minutely latticed, sinus small ;
whitish, flamed here and there with orange-brown.

Length, 12 mill.

Philippines.

The figure of the above species exhibits some slight peculiar-
ities, yet 1 suspect that all the forms having similar carinated
sculpture and flamed coloring should be referred to one species.

DAPHNELLA. 305

D. TRIVARTCOSA, Martens. PI. 25, fig. 54.

Shell with four or five revolving ridges on the body-whorl,
with intermediate close revolving striae, no longitudinal ribs
except on the upper whorls of the spire, subcontinuously three-
varicose ; light yellowish white. Length, 15 mill.

Mauritius.
D. VARICOSA, Souverbie. PL 27, fig. 5.

Shell finely reticulated by growth and revolving striae, with
larger spiral lirse, crossed by non-continuous varices ; yellowish
white, with minute white markings on the spiral ridges, and a
large brown spot on the back of the bod}' -whorl — apparent also
within the aperture. Length, 12 mill.

New Caledonia.
D. DENTATA, Souverbie. PI. 25, fig. 41.

Smooth, with fine spiral striae, more apparent towards the base
of the body-whorl ; thin, translucent, yellowish white, with
irregular revolving series of milk-white spots, and a more
regular subsutural series; lip slightly toothed, sinus narrow,
shallow, sutural. Length, 31 mill.

New Caledonia.

A very distinct, somewhat aberrant form, of which only one
specimen was obtained.

D. JEGROTA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 87.

Shell thin, finely decussated throughout ; whitish.
Length, 11 mill.

Singapore, fine sand, 7 fins. (Cuming).

D. CREBRIPLICATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 94.

Shell cancellated by close longitudinal ribs and spiral ridges ;
white, profusely variegated with rich orange-brown.
Length, 16 mill.

Philippines, under stones at low-water (Cuming);

Port Jackson, Australia (Angas).

D. REEVEANA, Tryon. PI. 23, fig. 81.

Narrowly and very distantly longitudinally ribbed, spirally
finely striate ; fleshy brown, obscurely banded, ribs whitish.

Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.
This is Z>. casta, Reeve, not Hinds.

306 DAPHNELLA.

D. OLYRA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 97.

Thin, somewhat transparent, spire short; smooth or obsoletely
striated ; snowy white, apex rose-color. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This may be a worn specimen of the next species, which, if
so, will become a synonym.

D. COMPTA, Ad. and Angas. PI. 25, fig. 49.

Spire and upper part of body-whorl longitudinally plicate,
crossed by fine close revolving lines, lip acute, unarmed, widely
but not deeply sinuous behind ; light yellowish or whitish,
maculated more or less with chestnut. Length, 12 mill.

8. Australia,

Described as a Cithara, and the lip said to be externally
varicose, but in the specimens before me the lip, although thick
except on its edge, shows no varix, and none would be anticipated
on a shell of this character. A shell sent to me from Tasmania
as representing the unfigured D. varix, Tenison-Woods, appears
to belong to this species, and judging from the description it
must be either a synonym or very closely allied.

D. URNULA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 97.

Yentricose, longitudinally ribbed, spirally elevately striated;
chestnut-brown. Length, 5 mill,

Habitat unknown.

"A curious little ventripose shell which seems scarcely to have
arrived at maturity."

Unfigured species, probably belonging to Daphnella.

D. LEUCOPHLEGMA, Dall (Caribbean), D. LIMACINA, Ball (Carib-
bean [Dall], Martha's Vineyard, Mass. [Yerrill]).

D. CLATHRATA, Gabb. Catalina Id., Cal.

D. EFFUSA, Carpenter, h. 3'J. Neeah Bay.

D. MAGELLANICA, Phil. Straits of Magellan.

D. CANCELLATA, Hutton. New Zealand.

D. KINGENSIS, Petterd. King's Id., Bass Straits.

D. PURA, Gould (Hong Kong) ; D. CONCINNA, Gould (Loo Choo) ;
D. DELUTA, Gould ( China Seas).

D. TASMANICA, D. IMMACULATA, D. HARRISONI (Tenison-Woods).

Tasmania.

DAPHNELLA. 307

D. INCINCTA, Watson (Azores) ; D. COMPSA, Watson (Fiji 7s4 •-

D. AULACOESSA, Watson (between Cape York, Australia, and

Neiv Guinea).
D. SANDWICENSIS, D. MACULOSA, D. INTERRUPTA, Pease.

Sandwich Isles.
D. GEALEI, D. TENUIOLATHRATA, D. TENELLA, Smith.

Habitat unknown.
D.BUTLERI, Smith (Philippines)-, D. SUPERCOSTATA, Smith (Japan);

D. SOUVERBIEI, Smith ( W. Australia) ; D. MACANDREWI,

Smith (Persian Gulf).

Section RAPHTTOMA, Bellardi.

D. NUPERRIMA, Tiberi. PL 22, fig. 49.

Rather thin, with about twelve distant, small longitudinal
riblets, crossed by distant raised lines. Length, 12 mill.

Mediterranean Sea, rare.

It is 1). decussata, Phil., and several authors have also
referred it to the PI. hispidula, Jan ; but that fossil form has
the spiral sculpture more prominent.

D. NEBULA, Montagu. PI. 21, figs. 20, 11 ; PI. 33, fig. 56 ; PL 30,

fig. 86.

Longitudinally ribbed, crossed by spiral striae ; sinus broad
and shallow ; chestnut or horny brown, interior similarly
colored. Length, 12 mill.

Norway, Mediterranean, Canary Is., W. Coast of Africa.
The following forms or varieties have been distinguished :

Var. GINNANNIA, Risso. Ribs larger and stronger, yet the
revolving sculpture is well marked. Mostly Mediterranean.
This is not the P. Ginnannia of Reeve's Iconica.

Var. L^EVIGATA, Phil. (fig. 11). Elongated, with the ribs not so
prominent, and sometimes nearly obsolete, the revolving
striae faint. Reeve's figure, which I have copied, is inac-
curate, as it ought to show some traces of longitudinal ribs ;
it is magnified three times. Jeffrey's figure (PL 33, fig. 66)
represents a transitional form.

Var. COSTULATA, Risso. Ribs narrower, continuing to the base of
the body-whorl.

308 DAPHNELLA.

Var. ELONGATA, Jeffreys. Elongated, larger than the type.

Yar. PALLIDA, Monts. Yellowish white.

Yar. RUFULA, Monts. Reddish chestnut.

Yar. FASCIATA, Monts. Yellowish, with a chestnut zone.

(= laevigata).

Var. MEDIOFASCIATA, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 86.
D. FUSCATA, Desh., is possibly a variety.

D. BBACHYSTOMA, Phil. PI. 22, fig. 45; PL 21, fig. 21; PL 18,

fig. 45.

Slightly, narrowly shouldered, with 7-9 narrow ribs extending
from the shoulder to the base, and wider interspaces ; whole
surface covered with revolving striae ; yellowish white, orange
or occasionally deep reddish brown, paler specimens sometimes
indistinctly brown-banded below the periphery.
Length, 6-8 mill.

Europe.

The synonym}*- includes D. Cycladensis, Forbes (t. 21, f. 21),
D. granulifera, Brugn., D. tiarula, Loven, and perhaps D.
Forbesii, Reeve (PL 18, fig. 45).

D. TURGIDA, Forbes. PL 21, figs. 25, 29, 7.

Longitudinal ribs few, strong, rounded, wider than the inter-
stices, crossed by revolving lines, ribs disappearing towards the
base of the body-whorl ; chocolate-brown. Length, 7'5 mill.

Mediterranean Sea, W. Africa.

The synonymy includes D. nana, Scacchi, not Desh. — the
latter a fossil form, D. fortis, Forbes (fig. 29), D. JEgeensis,
Forbes (fig. 7).

D. ATTENUATA, Montagu. PL 21, fig. 24.

Ribs nine, narrow, flexuous, with wider interspaces, spirally
slightly and finely striate ; pale tawny, the upper part and
middle of the body-whorl often banded, or the lower half of
the body-whorl darker -colored, sometimes there are several
narrow revolving chestnut lines. Length, 12-15 mill.

Europe, Teneriffe.

Several authors have referred Murex aciculatus, Lam., to this
species, but I believe it to be an Ocinebra. D. Villiersii,

DAPHNELLA. 309

Michaud, D. gracilis, Scacchi, D. Payraudeauti, Weinkauff (rmt-
Deshayes), and perhaps D. Bivonse and D. Valenciennesii,
Maravigna, and D. vulpina, Bivona, are also referred to this
species.

D. COSTULATA, Blainv. PI. 21, figs. 19, 23.

Narrowly but distinctly shouldered, ribs 9-10, crossed by fine
revolving lines, which are almost microscopic ; buff or pale
yellow, sometimes with a chestnut band on the periphery, or
below the suture, or with several narrower bands.

Length, 12-15 mill.

Europe, Madeira.

The synonyms are D. *>triolata, Scacchi (fig. 19), D. Loeviana,
Forbes (fig. 23), D. Smithii, Forbes, D. elegans, Brown, D. Far-
ranii, Thompson, and possibly D. fenestrata, Desh., D. Steveni,
Krynicki, and D. costulata, Cantraine. The latter was supposed
identical with Columbella Haliseeti, Jeffreys (Manual, v, 160, t.
56, f. 77), with which opinion that author himself agreed, until
recently (Zool. Proc., 392, 1883) — when he refers it to the present
species.

D. SEMICOLON, S. Wood. PI. 4, fig. 56.

Strongly shouldered, forming a carinated and tuberculated
periphery, with well-marked sculpture. Length, 10 mill.

Mediterranean^ Shetland Islands, North Sea.

Reported in a recent state by Dr. Jeffreys, from the above
localities, under the name of D. galerita, Phil, (figured), but that
species, a Sicilian fossil, appears to differ. The figure given by
Jeffreys corresponds with that of D. semicolon, in Wood's Crag
Mollusca sufficiently to justify Monterosato in uniting the two
species.

D. MINUTA, Forbes. PI. 21, fig. 16.

Shell strongly ribbed, distantly spirally striate ; reddish brown.
Length, 5 mill.

jEgean Sea.
Perhaps a variety of D. turgida, Forbes.

D. ABYSSICOLA, Forbes. PI. 21, fig. 15.

Ribs strong, crossed by rather distant raised striae ; chocolate-
brown. Length, 4 mill.

jEgean Sea.

310 DAPHNELLA.

D. SENEGALENSIS, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 89.

Shell with ten, straight, subcompressed ribs, finely reticulated;
spire subturreted, with impressed sutures; lip acute, the sinus
slightly emarginated ; brownish, lower part of body-whorl }Tel-
lowish white. Length, 5 mill.

Isl. Goree, W. Coast of Africa.

D CERTNA, Kurtz and Stimpson. PI. 22, fig. 43 ; PI. 34, fig. 100.
Yellowish white, columella sometimes tinged with black; sur-
face covered by very fine revolving lines crossing the ribs.
Length, 7 mill.

New England to Tampa Bay, Fla., mostly

Southern in distribution.

D. atrostyla, Ball, MS. (PI. 34, fig. 100), is a slight variety, with
dark columella, from W. Coast of Florida.

D. CABPENTERT, Yerrill and Smith. PI. 13, fig. 62.

Scarcely shouldered, with about twelve short flexuous longi-
tudinal ribs and no spiral sculpture ; white or pale yellow, often
with darker brownish yellow ribs. Length, 7 mill.

New England.
D. ACCINCTA, Montagu. PL 18, fig. 37.

Shell slightly shouldered, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, very
closely spirally striated ; white, with sometimes an orange-brown
band below the periphery. Length, 7 mill.

West Indies.

Described by Montagu as British — an error repeated b}^ Reeve,
where D. Forthiensis is assigned to the Frith of Forth.

D. INTERFOSSA, Carpenter. PL 22, fig. 57.

Scarcely, very narrowly shouldered, with about fifteen narrow
longitudinal ribs, separated by wider interspaces, and the same
number of spiral lirae, forming subquadrangular pits between the
sculpture ; reddish brown. Length, 10 mill.

Vancouver's Isl.

Figured from a small specimen.

D. FUNEBRALE, Dall.

Reddish black, slender, acuminate ; whorls 7-8, rather rounded ;
aperture elongate, narrow, canal short, slightly recurved ; inner
lip and columella smooth ; sinus almost imperceptible; sculpture

DAPHNELLA. 311

of fine rounded grooves, about'fifteen on the body-whorl, sepa-
rating evenly rounded ridges about twice as broad as the grooves;
these are crossed by about twelve longitudinal rounded ribs,
obsolete anteriorly. Length, '46 inch.

Sitka, Alaska.

Described from a single specimen and referred to Mangilia
with doubt. Not figured.

D. POLITA, Hinds. PI. 20, fig. 97.

White, polished, angularly ribbed, seven-sided, lip simple,
sinus small. Length, 16 mill.

Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, 7 fms. (Hinds).

D. FULGURANS, Krauss. PL 22, fig. 59.

With about eleven narrow longitudinal ribs, short on the body-
whorl, with revolving striss towards the base ; sinus scarcely
apparent; white, with angular chestnut markings. Length, 6 mill.
Cape of Good Hope ; in the byssus of Pinna.

D. ^RUGINOSA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 100.

Longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with very minute spiral
striae ; yellowish white, with a sutural chestnut line, more or less
interrupted, a middle line on the body-whorl, interrupted by the
ribs, below which the whorl is often stained a darker color, and
sometimes an inferior interrupted chestnut line. Length, 10 mill.
Hob. unknown (Reeve) ; Indian Ocean ?

D. PESSULATA, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 36, 37.

Ribs more or less distant, crossed by somewhat obsolete spiral
stride ; lip thin, sinus small ; yellowish or ash-color.

Length, 12-15 mill.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Australia (Brazier).

D. VINCENTINA, Crosse. PL 17, fig. 91.

Ribs narrow, distant, crossed by distant spiral lirae, which
become more crowded towards the base ; sinus shallow ; light
yellowish brown. Length, 7 mill.

Gulf of St. Vincent, Australia.

D. JACKSONENSIS, Angas. PL 22, fig. 73.

With somewhat prominent longitudinal ribs, slightly nodulous
at the angle of the shoulder, the interstices crossed by narrow

312 DAPHNELLA.

grooved lines in pairs ; sinus very shallow, pale fulvous yellow.
Length, 14 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

Unfigured species of the section Eaphitoma.

D. CALCARATA, Grat. (D. ETRUSCA, Tiberi). Mediterranean Sea.

Probably exotic, according to Monterosato.
D. NODULOSA, Jeffreys ; D. FUSIFORMIS, Requien ; both Mediter-
ranean.
D. LITHOCOLLETA, D. LiNCTA, Watson. West Indies.

D. IPARA, D. COMATROPIS, D. BANDELLA, D. ANTONJA, D.'POUR-
TALESII, D. COLUMBELLA, D. PELAGIA, D. LISSOTROPIS, Dall.

Caribbean Sea.
D. TABULATA, D. CREBRicosTATA, D. ANGULATA, Carpenter.

W. Coast U. S.

D. DEMPSTA, Gould. China Seas.

D. ALTERNATA, D. ST. GALL^:,and Yar. BENEuiCTi,Tenison-Woods.

Tasmania.

Section BELLARDIELLA, Fischer.

D. GRACTLIS, Mont. PL 18, fig. 38.

Whorls very narrowty, concavely shouldered below the sutures,
with curved longitudinal ribs crossed by fine, close revolving
striae ; pale 3Tellowish brown, with a narrow lighter central band,
sometimes bordered by a chestnut band on the lower side.

Length, 25 mill.

Europe, Canary Islands.

Body white, closely but irregularly speckled with pink and
flake-white ; pallial tube somewhat extensile, usually short ; head
bulbous ; tentacles extremely short — mere points above the eyes,
below the eyes they are cylindrical and stout ; eyes proportionally
large, on long stalks conjoined with the tentacles ; foot rounded
in front, with small angular corners, pointed behind.

It is D. emarginata, Donovan ; D. oblonga, Brocchi ; D. Comar-
mondi, Michaud ; D. suturalis, Bronn ; D. pelorius, Chier. ; D.
sinuosa, Couch; Z>. Branscombi, Clark; and D.fallax, Forbes—
the two latter juveniles.

DAPHNELLA. 313

Section TERES, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf.
D. ANCEPS, Eichwald. PI. 18, fig. 39 ; PL 32, fig. 31.

Shell encircled by spiral ridges, of which there are from 20 to
25 on the body-whorl, frequently alternately larger and smaller ;
light yellowish brown, usually irregularly spotted with chestnut,
forming interrupted longitudinal streaks. Length, 8-15 mill.

Norway to Mediterranean, Madeira and Canaries.

Var. CONCOLOR is without the chestnut spots.

The synonymy includes D. teres, Forbes, a name under which
it is perhaps more extensively known. Reeve's figure of teres
(PI. 18, f. 39) being very bad, I add another, from Forbes and
Hanley (PI. 32, f. 31). Other synonyms are D. La Vise, Calcara ;
D. borealis, Loven ; D. fusiformis, Requien ; D. polyzonatum,
Brugnone, and D. Barbieri, Brusina.

D. AM(ENA. Sars. PL 20, fig. 86.

Shell thin, pellucid, interstices of the revolving ridges longi-
tudinally striate, lip-sinus profound ; light brownish.
Length, 8 mill.

Arctic Norway.
Section ZAFRA, A. Adams.

There appears to be much uncertainty as to the limits of this
group. Adams himself includes the West Indian minute Clathu-
relloe discovered by d'Orbigny and figured by Reeve on PL 39
of the Conch. Icon., although they do not appear to me to pos-
sess any characters apart from ordinary Clathurellae. As will
be seen below, there are differences of opinion as to some of the
other species.

D. MITR^EFORMIS, A. Adams.

Whorls six-and-a-half, rather flat, longitudinally ribbed, the
plicae somewhat distant, oblique ; last whorl constricted in front
and obliquely sulcate ; white, with an obscure chestnut band at
the sutures, the last whorl with a narrow chestnut band on the
periphery, and chestnut-tinted at the base.

Japan.
Not figured.

Columbella zonata, Gould (Manual, v, 172), also unfigured, is
doubtfully referred here by Mr. E. A. Smith. If identical, it has
priority of two months in publication.

314 DAPHNELLA.

D. SUBVITREA, Smith. PI. 34, fig. 83.

Ribs about eleven, disappearing a little below the middle of
the body- whorl, the lower extremity of which is obliquety five or
six striate, the two or three uppermost striae wider apart than the
rest ; subpellucid, white, with a thin indistinct brown line, inter-
rupted by the costae around the lower part of the whorls, and a
transparent pellucid zone at the top, with a second band or series
of short flames just below the middle of the last whorl, which is
stained with brown at the extremity. L. 4, width 1*5 mill.

Japan.

Dunker (Index Moll. Mar. Japan, 26) refers this shell to
Columbella — in which I think he is correct.

D. POLITA, G. and H. Nevill.

Smooth, white, with two bands of irregular opaque white
flakes on each whorl, four on the last. Length, 3'5 mill.

Mauritius.

Described as a Zafra, but I think it may be referred to Colum-
bella. If a Pleurotomid the specific name will need to be
changed.

D. SEMISCULPTA, G. and H. Nevill. PI. 34, figs. 14, 15.

Ribs about twice as broad as their interstices (represented as
narrower on the figures), obsolete on the back of the last whorl,
which is transversely striated at its base ; outer lip scarcely
thickened or reflected, not as long as the columella, slightly
emarginate at junction with the last whorl; horny brown
throughout. Length, 3 mill.

Burmah.

Appears to me to be an Anachis, in Columbellidse, although
described as a Zafra.

D. PUPOIDEA, H. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 92.

Numerously longitudinally ribbed, sinus short and wide ;
white, with a broad chestnut band below the periphery, and
tinged with chestnut at the base. Length, 7 mill.

New Hebrides.

DAPHNELLA. 315

Section THESBIA, Jeffreys.
D. NANA, Loven. PL 32, fig. 28.

Encircled by numerous punctate impressed lines ; milk-white.
Length, 6 mill.

Northern Europe — Arctic.

Dr. Jeffreys (Brit. Conch., iv, 359) refers to this species
Columbella rosacea, Gould (Manual, v, 160), a shell which does
not appear to me to be nearly related to it.

Unfigured Species of Section Thesbia.
The following are described by Rev. R. Boog Watson :

D. TRANSLUCIDA (Kerguelen IsL), D. ERITIMA ( Tristao da Gunha),
D. CORPULENTA (Kerguelen IsL), D. PLATAMODES (ditto), D.
PAPYRAOEA (ditto), D. PRUINA (Azores), D. MONOCEROS (S. W.
of Sierra Leone), D. DYSCRITA (St. Thomas, W. L), D.
BRYCHIA (Lai. 1° 47f N., long. 24° 26' W., Mid- Atlantic,
1850 fms.).

Section TARANIS, Jeffreys, 1870.

D. MORCHI, Malm. PL 29, fig. 66.

Periphery strongly, tubercularly angled, the shoulder above
it sloping, below the periphery there are several raised cinguli
forming inferior carinations, crossed throughout by flexuous,
narrow longitudinal plications ; whitish. Length, 4*5 mill.
Norway to Mediterranean Sea ; off Newport, R. /.,

365 fms. (Verrill) ; Gulf of Mexico, 805 fms. (Dall).
It is Pleurotoma demersum, Brugnone (not Bellardi), and
Bela demersa, Tiberi.

D. PULCHELLA, Yerrill. PL 29, fig. 63.

A smaller species than the preceding, not so sharply angu-
lated, the carinse sharp but not nodulous, those on the body-
whorl six in number, besides one or two on the canal.

Length, 2-20 mill.

Off Martha's Vineyard, 487 fms., one specimen.

Dr. Dall thinks this may be included in the preceding species,
as European specimens of D. Morchi sent to him by Dr. Jeffreys
and Prof. Sars, appear to agree with it pretty well.

316 DAPHNELLA.

D. TURRITISPIRA, E. A. Smith (unfigured). Japan.

D. L^EVISCULPTA, Monterosato (unfigured). Mediterranean Sea.

Section PLEUBOTOMELLA, Verrill, 1872.
D. PACKARDII, Verrill. PI. 29, fig. 59.

Spiral striae faint or strong, the ribs low and narrow ; pale
yellowish brown or salmon, the nucleus darker.
Length, 21'5 mill.

Gulf of Maine (85-110 fms.) ; off Cape Cod,

Mass. (96 fms.).
D. AGASSIZII, Yerrill and Smith. PI. 29, fig. 58.

More solid and rugosely sculptured than the preceding species ;
sinus wide, rather deep, rounded, a little below the suture ;
usually white when fresh, sometimes pink or pale yellow, often
stained with dark ash-gray ; columella often white, but usually
tinged with brown. Length, 31 mill.

Off Newport, R. /., and S. of Martha's Vineyard;

off Delaware Bay, 65 to 500 fms.

D. PANDIONIS, Verrill. PI. 29, fig. 62.

Waxy white, tinged with pale orange-brown, with a faint white
band on the middle of the body-whorl, and another below the
suture, sometimes stained gray or brown. Length, 43 mill.

Martha's Vineyard; 238-312 fms.

D. VERRILLII, Ball (unfigured). 360 fms., Caribbean.

D. SIGSBEI, Ball (unfigured). 640-1568 fms., Caribbean.

D. CIRCINATA, Dall. PI. 6, fig. 76.

Shell slender, elongate, covered with a brownish epidermis ;
whorls six, evenly rounded, but with a sharp carina, above which
they are smooth, whilst below it they are grooved, with wider
interspaces ; notch deep, about one-third of the way from the
carina to the suture. L. 3 inches, cliam. 1 inch.

Alaska.

Described as a Surcula from a dead specimen found on the
beach at Nateekin Bay, Unalashka. The subsequently described,
but unfigured PL insignis, Jeffreys, of which ten living specimens
were obtained by the Vega Expedition in the Siberian Sea,
appears to be a synonym. These had no operculum ^therefore

DAPHNELLA. 317

the species cannot be a Surcula. I place it here temporarily, but
it is not unlikely that a new group, perhaps a genus, will need to
be made for it.

Section MITROMORPHA, A. Ad., 1865.
D. FILOSA, Carpenter. PI. 25, fig. 63.

Equally spirally lirate throughout, lip scarcely sinuous, with
about a dozen minute internal denticles ; purple-black, or choco-
late-color, without and within. Length, 5-6 mill.

So. California, Lower California.

D. ASPERA, Carpenter. PI. 25, figs. 61, 62.

Spirally lirate and longitudinally closely costulate, the inter-
sections forming a roughly asperated surface ; reddish brown.

Length, 3-5 mill.

S. California, Lower California.

Var. GRACILIOR, Hemphill. Fig. 62.

Decussation not so deep, so that the surface is smoother, the
tuberculation smaller ; sometimes the clathration of the body-
whorl is only seen on the upper portion, the longitudinal costulse
becoming obsolete below. Length, 4-5 mill.
D. EFFUSA, Carpenter.

Shell graceful, much effused, reddish brown ; whorls narrow,
elongate, sutures impressed ; spirally striate, decussated by
growth-lines ; lip thin, scarcely sinuate ; reddish brown.

L. 15*5 mill, diam. 5*5 mill.

Neeah Bay, Washington Terr.

Described from a single broken specimen (not figured \

D. LIRATA, A. Adams.

Shell whitish or light brownish, mitriform, acuminated below,
spire and aperture of equal length ; normal whorls five, convex,
transversely lirate, the lirae about equal and equidistant ; aperture
narrow, columella arcuately truncate, with an anterior incon-
spicuous plication, lip smooth within, margin crenulated.

Japan.

"A variety or allied species has the whorls longitudinally
plicate, and some of the transverse lirae corrugate or undulated."
No figure ; dimensions not given.
D. FLORIDANA, Dall. PI. 34, fig. 12.

Cancellated by longitudinal and spiral sculpture, the inter-
sections nodulous, suture distinct, not channeled, outer lip thick,

318 HALIA.

lirate posteriorly, inner lip transversely quadruplicate, the pos-
terior plait strongest ; chocolate-colored. Length, 6 mill.

Key West, Fla., on the reefs at low-tide.

I figure this to complete the list of Mitromorpha, although
Dr. Dall describes it as a Mitra, with a queried reference to
Mitromorpha. I doubt its pertinence to the group, as it appears
to me to have the facies of a true Mitra.

D. DORMITOR, Sowerby. PI. 27, fig. 23.

Dr. P. P. Carpenter says (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, xv, 182, 1865),
" M. Crosse suggests that Golumbella dormitor, Sby., may be
congeneric (with Mitromorpha)." I think it is a true Columbella.

Inhabits Caribbean Sea.
CRONIA ANOMALA, Angas (Manual, II, Purpurinffi).

Prof. Tate believes this to be a Mangilia. I cannot agree with
him.

Genus HALIA, Risso, 1826.

H. PRIAMUS, Meuschen. PI. 31, fig. 1.

Rather thin, smooth ; yellowish brown, sprinkled, except on
the upper part of the whorls, with distant square or long chestnut
spots, which sometimes have band-like regularity.

Length, 3 inches. Bay of Cadiz.

It is Priamus stercus-pulicum, Chemn., Buccinum ficus, Mar-
tyn, Priam agathine, Chenu, Bulla helicoides, Brocchi, Achatina
maculata, Swainson, Helix priapus, Gmelin.

HALIA FLEMINGIANA, Macgillivray.

This = fry of Buccinum Dalei, Sowb. (Manual, iii).
Unidentified and Unfigured Species of Pleurotomidde.

Of the following" names and descriptions most may be con-
sidered obsolete, and not worth the trouble of group-division,
others, of more recent date, I cannot place for want of illustra-
tions :

P. TENUIS, P SEMINUDA, P. SUBULATA, P. RUSTICA, P. OBLIQUA, P.

MENKEI, P. ISABELLA, P. ELONGATA, P. ELONGATULA, P. FUSI-

FORMIS, P. FERRUGINEA, P. FUNICULUS, P. CHEMNITZII, P.
CER1THINA, P. CORNEA, P. COCCINEA, P. CURVATA, P. ATRATA,

all of Anton, and without localities.

APPENDIX. 319

P. PERLATA, Lesson. Sandwich Isles.

P. GRACILIS, Marrat. West Africa.

PL. SUBULATA, Menke.

PL. NIVEA, Phil. (Formosa) ; PL. VESTALIS, Phil. (Hob. ?).

PL. LYRATUM, Pfeiffer (Gmelin). ? = Lyria.

PL. ADUSTA, Sowb. Monte Christi, W. Columbia.

CAILLIAUDI (CoNUs), Jay. PI. 34, fig. 13.

Hob. unknown.

Looks something like a Conorbis, but is more probably an
immature Strombus ; notwithstanding its sinus, it can scarcely
be a Pleurotoma.

PL. YANCOU VERB N sis (Vancouver's Isl.), PL. ALBATA (Persian
Gulf)j PL. SEXCOSTATA (Singapore), PL. RUBROAPICATA
(Japan), of E. A. Smith.

PL. INSCULPTA, Mighels. Key West, Fla.

PL. MICANS, PL. CRASSILABRUM, PL. SINUOSA, PL. TODILLA, PL.

OBNUBILA, PL. CIRCUMSECTA, Mighels. Sandwich Islands.
PL. AUGUSTS, PL.FUSCOCINCTA, PL. FUSIFORMIS, PL. FLAVOCINCTA,

PL. ALBOMACULATA, PL. ELATIOR, PL. ALBIDA, PL. ALBELLA,

C. B. Adams. Jamaica.

Appendix.
PLEUROTOMA YEDDOENSIS, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. Y.

A Japanese form, recently described and figured, which will,
I think, prove synonymous with P. grandis. Gray.

DRILLIA HEMPHILLI, Stearns. Page 185.
For inches read millimetres.

DRILLIA MAKIMONOS, Jousseaume. PI. 34, fig. 10.

Whorls closely spirally sulcate, the interstices slightly striated ;
white, with large longitudinal yellowish maculations.

Length, 25 mill.

Japan.
D. POULOENSIS, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. 11.

Shell brown, spirally lirate ; outer lip crenulate, with a slight
sinus. Length, 20 mill. Malacca.

Described from a single specimen.

D. CLEVEI, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. 9.

Shell spirally costate ; white, fasciate with light brown ; outer

• 320 APPENDIX.

lip crenulate, ridged within, with a shallow, wide sinus ; colu-
mellar lip with a median callosity. Length, 9 mill.

Ceylon.
Described from a single specimen.

D. BELLARDI, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. 8.

Shell white, spirally costate ; outer lip crenulated, with a
shallow sinus near the suture ; columellar lip with a median pli-
cation. Length, 11 mill.

Hab. unknown.

The above three species are, judging from the figures, described
from immature and imperfect, possibly water-worn specimens,
so that it is not easy to compare them with previously described
species. There are a number of spirally ribbed species described
by Smith and older authors to which these may be approximated,
but in the absence of material, no definite result is practicable.
The practice of describing unique and imperfect specimens can-
not be too strongly condemned. Desire for scientific renown
will continue to enlarge our synonymy, until some method can
be devised, by which no man's ambition can possibly be gratified
in the making of generic and specific names. Although Dr.
Jousseaume has furnished the text of this sermon, it is not
intended to signalize him as a principal offender ; much greater
men — in fact the greatest conchologists are equally in fault in
their desire to write nobis as frequently as possible.

DRILLIA LIMONITELLA, Dall. PI. 34, fig. 6.

Small, thin, translucent, lemon-yellow, very faintly narrowly
brown-banded on the periphery and below it on some specimens,
the columella also brown-tinged ; whorls turreted, nodulated at
the periphery by about a dozen ribs, which extend across the
shoulder to the suture, spiral sculpture very fine and close; outer
lip slightly thickened, with a distinct, rather broad, shallow
sinus. Length, 6*75 mill.

Cedar Keys, Fla., on mud flats between tides (Hemphill).

COLUMBARIUM PAGODOIDES, Watson.

This species, recently described as a Fusus, is probably only
a variety of C. Pagoda, Lesson. It is unfigured.

Off Sydney, JV. 8. W.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PLEUROTOMID^E.

PAGK.

Abbreviata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 182, 167

Abyssicola (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 260
Abyssicola (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Icon., sp. 157,

1844, .... 309

Acanthodes (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, 433,

1881, '.249

Accincta (Daphnella), Montagu. Test. Brit. Suppl., 114, . 310
Aculeiformis (Pusionella), Lam. Hist. Nat., Ed. ii, ix, 461, 234
Acuminata (Drillia), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1848,

p. 23, .... '. . . 190

Acuta (Bela), var. of concinnula, Yerrill. Trans. Conn.

Ac., v, p. 470. = B. concinnula, Yerrill, . . . 221
Acuta (Pleurotoma), Bellardi (1842).

= Spirotropis carinata, Phil.

Acutangulus ( Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 218, 261
Acuticostata (Mangilia), Opt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p.

162. Mazat. Cat., 400 ; 2d Report, 36, 184.

= M. neglecta, C. B. Adams.
Acutio-emmata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag.

N. H., 1877, p. 489. = P. jubata, Hinds.

Adusta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc.,jl833, p. 137, 319
JEgeensis (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.

164, 1844. == D. turgida, Forbes, . . . . . 308
^Egrota (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, 305
Mmula, (Drillia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 36, pi.

v, fig. 9. = D. Traillii, Button.
^Equalis (Plenrotoma), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, p. 369.

= M. linearis, Mont., var. 277

^Ernginosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 115, 311

Affinis (Clathurella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 102;

Proc. Cal. Acad., v, 62, t. 2, f. 7, 281

Affinis (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 309,

1846. = Drillia flavescens, Reeve.

(321)

322 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Agassizii (Pleurotoma), Yerrill and Smith. Am. Jour. Arts

and Sciences., 3d vol., xx, p. 394 316

Agathine (Priam), Chenu. Conch., f. 903, p. 242 (1847).

= Halia Priamus, Meuschen.
Aglaophanes (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., p. 251,

vol. xvi, 1882, 212

Agnewi (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878,

p. 36, . . . . : 212

Alabaster (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181, 179
Alaskensis (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 98, 18U, 216
Alata (Drillia), H. and A. Adams. Gen. Shells, 90.

= PL crenularis, Lam.
Alba (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 7, t. 5, f. 62.

? = B. rufa, Mont. 224

Alba (Bela), Pennant. ?= B. turricula, Montagu, . . 219
Alba (Clathurella), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p 110, pi. xii, f.

17-18, .... 296

Albata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 210, 319
Albella (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 63,

131, .319

Albibalteata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 182. =r C. Cumingii, Powis 283

Albicans (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Toy. Sul., p. 23, pi. 7,

f. 8, 258

Albicarinata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p.

253. = P. oxytropis, Sowb.
Albicaudata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

299, 299

Albicincta (Drillia), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 40,

t. 10, f. 6. = D. putillus, Reeve.
Albicincta (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii,

340, . . 271

Albicostata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 135, 1833, . 205
Albida (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii,

p. 3, 319

Albida (PL Leufroyi, var.), Bucq., Dautz., Dollf. Moll.

Roussilon, 96. = P. Leufroyi, Mich 276

Albida (Mangilia), Deshayes. Exp. Moree, iii, p. 176, t. 19,

f. 22-24, 245

Albifuniculata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 6. = P. tincta, Reeve,

Albina (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 96, . .167
Albinodata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 6, 1846.

= Drillia zebra, Lam.
Alboangulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 206

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 323

PAGE.

Albocincta (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871. p.

18, pi. i, f. 22, . . . 285

Albocincta (Crassispira), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H., ii, p. 3. = D. zebra, Lam.
Albocinctus (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conchyl., ii, 76, t. 1,

f. 12, 1851. = Pusionella vulpina, Born., var. . . 236
Albofasciata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., 491, 1877, ... ... 174

Albolaqueata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865,

p. 280, .... ... 251

Albomaculata (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H., ii, p. 3, . . . 319

Albomaculata (Pleurotoma), d'Orb. Sagra. Hist. Cuba, ii,

176, 1846, pi. xxiv, f. 16-18. = D. zebra, Lamarck.
Albopustulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

211. = D. zebra, Lam.

Albostrigata (Defrancia), Baird. Voy. Curacoa,pl. 37, f. 3, 4, 292
Albovallosa (Pleurotoma), Carp. Mazat. Shells, p. 396.

= D. nigerrima, Sowb., var.
Albovirgulata (Mangilia), Souv. Jour. Conch., 1860, p. 124,

pi. ii, fig. 12, 274

Albovittata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N.

H., 1845, p. 4, 248

Albula( Pleurotoma), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p. 12, 166
Albus (Fusus), Jeffreys, 1849. = Thesbia nana, Loven.
Aleutica (Bela), Ball. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 99, 1871, 216
Alternans (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,298, 299
Alternata (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878,

39, 312

Amabilis (Cithara), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc.

Beng., 1874, pt. 2, p. 23, pi. i, f. 11, 273

Amabilis ( Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40 ;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 21, pi. vii. f. 3, . . . .287

Amabilis (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,

25. = P. gemmata, Hinds, var.

Amanda (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 207, . 191
Amblia (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 249, 1882, 212
Americana (Bela), Packard. Mem. Bos. Soc., i, p. 233, pi.

vii,f. 11, 220

Amicta (Pleurotoma), E. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p.

488. = P. cingulifera, Lam., 166

Amcena (Defrancia), G. 0. Sars. Friele, Jan Mayen Moll.,

p. 6, ... . . 313

Amplexa (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii,

338, 299

324 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Anceps (Pleurotoma), Eichwald. Naturh. Lith. Volh., 225,

1830, ... ... ... 313

Ancistrosyrinx, Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 53,

1881, 155, 176

Angasi (Drillia), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., iii, p. 8*7,

pi. i, f. 5, 1863, 187

Angela (Cithara), Ad. and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863,

p. 419, pi. xxxvii, f. 4, . 267

Angicostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 252
Angiostoma (Cythara), Pease. Am. J. C., iv, p. 105.

= M. triticea, Kiener, 268

Angularis (Bela), Donov. Brit. Shells.

= B. turricula, Montagu, . . . . . . .219

Angulata (Daphnella),Cpt Ann. Mag. N.H., 1865, xv,p. 395, 312
Angulata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, 259
Angulata (Pleurotoma), Kiener. Pleur., 74, t. 26, f. 4.

? = P. rubida, Hinds.
Angulatus (Bela), Morch. Moll. Grrenl., No. 85.

= B. turricula, var. nobilis, Moll., . .-'... . . 219
Angulifera (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. xxxix, f.

360, 278

Angulifera (Pleur.), Weinkauff. Cat. No. 20.

= PI. cingulifera, Lam.
Angulosa (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 227, t. 16, f. 16, 1878.

= B. cancellata, Mighels, . . 218

Angulosa (Mangilia), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871,

p. 731, pi. Ixxv, fig. 10, 256

Angusta (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. IL, 1877, p. 495, 211
Angustior (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. H., 1877,

xix, 330. = Var. of B. declivis, Loven, . . .219

Anna, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 244, 1826.

? = Clathurella.

Anna (Mangilia), Jousseaume. LeNaturaliste, v, 325, 1883, 261
Annulata (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 25, 1843, 240
Anomala (Cronia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, pi. v, f.

1 ; Tate, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, v, 131, . . . 318
Anteridion (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. 'Soc., xv,

399, 1881, 242

Antillarum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59, 261
Antillarum ( Pleurotoma), Crosse. Journ. Conch., xiii, pi. i,

f. 8. = P. Virgo, Lam., 168

Antillarum (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 173, t. 24,

f. 1-3, 1846, .279

Antipodum (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 491, 174

Antonia (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,ix, 59, 312

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 325

PAGE.

Aphanitoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 241,

1877. = S. G. of Daphnella, . . 161

Apicalis (Pleurotoma), Montrouzier. J. de Conch., 1861, p.

277, pi. xi, f. 6. = C. felina, Hinds, . 293

Apicata (Pleurotoina), Gray. Reeve, Mangilia, fig. 305,

pi. xxxiii, .......... 266

Apiculata (Mangilia), Montrouzier. J. de Conch., 1864, p.

264, pi. x, f. 2, . . . . . ' . . . . 273
Appelii (Drillia), Weink. Conch. Cab., sp. 112, pi. xx, f. 5, 193
Appressa (Drillia), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1864, xiv,

p. 46, 213

Aquatilis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, 204
Araneosa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 462,

1881, 299

Arata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, . 210
Arctata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 294
Arctica (Bela), A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 121, 214
Arcuata (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. iii, f. 15, 1843, 236
Areolata (Lachesis), Tiberi. Jour, de C., 1868, p. 73.

= L. Folinese, Phil 225

Argillacea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p.

40 ; Moll. Toy. Sul., p. 1$, pi. vi, f. 1, . . 273

Armillata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. Ill 174

Armstrongi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng.,

1875, pt. 2, p. 93, pi. vii, f. 13, . .294

Aspera (Mitromorpha), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., xii,

146, 1865, ... .... .317

Aspera (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 19, pi. 6,

figs. 7, 8 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40, ..'•'.. . 269

Asperrimus ( Fusus), Brown. 111. Conch. Gt. Br., 8, t. 6, f. 2,

= P. purpureuna, Montg.

Aspersa (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N.H., vii, 338, 299
Asperulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

296, . 299

Assimilis (Bela), G. 0. Sars. Mol. Reg. Arc. Nov., p. 231,

pi. xxiii, f. 8; pi. viii, f. 17, 1878. = B. turricula, Mont., 219
Associata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p.

300. (Not identified.)

Astricta (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, 260
Astricta (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xii, sp. 98, 1843, 240
Aterrima (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . 194
Atkinsoni (Drillia), T.-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 142, 211
Atkinsoni (Mangilia), Tenison-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,

1875, p. 141.

= Columbella speciosa, Angas, Manual, vol. v.

326 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Atkinsonii (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1877, p. 495, 21
Atoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 324, 1877.

= Clathurella, Sect., 160

Atractoides (Pleurotoma), Watson, Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

407, 1881, 175

Atramentosa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag., N. H., 1861, 211, J 99
Atrata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318
Atrior (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Panama Shells, p. 138,

308. = D. aterrima, Sowb.
Atrostyla (Raphitoma), Dall. MS.

= D. cerina, Kurtz and Stimpson, var., . . . .310
Attenuata (Pleurotoma), Montagu. Test. Brit., p. 266, pi.

9, f. 6, 1803, 308

Auberiana (Pleurotoma), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 174, t. 24,

f. 4-6. = C. rubricata, Reeve, 279

Augustse (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 61, . 319
Aulacoessa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

472, 1881, 307

Aurantica (Drillia), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., v,

145, 1865. = D. torosa, Carpenter, var. . 183

Aureola (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, 302
Auriculitera (Drillia), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 91, . 185
Australis (Bela), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 420, 223
Australis (Surcula), Roissy. Buffon, Hist. Nat., . .236
Awamoaensis (Drillia), Hutton. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Z., 4,

1874. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xv, 131, . . . .208
Axis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 3, . 304

Babylonia, var. (Pleurotoma), Kien., pi. 1, fig. 2.

= P. Garnonsii, Reeve, ....... 163

Babylonia (Pleurotoma), Linn., ed. x, p. 754, . . . 162
Bad'ia (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, . 247
Bsetica (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110, . 193
Balansai (Cithara), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1873, p. 65 ; p.

131, pi. v, fig. 5, 264

Ballista (Drillia), von Maltzan. Jahrb. Mai. GeselL, 1883,

p. 119, t. 3, f. 2, 208

Balteata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 299
Balteata (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon. Mangil., f. 57,

1846, .247

Balteata (Pleurotoma), Beck. Kien., Icon., pi. 13, f. 2.

= P. undatiruga, Bivona, ....... 238

Bandella (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool., ix, 59, 312
Barbieri (Raphitoma), Brusina (1866). Contr. Faun. Moll.

Dalm., p. 33. = Pleurotoma anceps, Eich. . . . 313

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 327

PAGUE.

Barkliensis (Drillia), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, t.

19, f. 3, .... . 192

Barnard! (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,

i, p. 157, 299

Bathyraphe (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

305, 274

Beckii (Bela), Moll. Moll. Groml., p. 14.

= P. bicarinata, Couth. ....... 215

Beckii (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, . . 186

Beckii (Drillia), Weinkauff, Kiister. = D. unizonalis, Lam.
Bela, Leach, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 134, 1847, . . 156, 213
Bella (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 147.

= Mangilia interrupta, Reeve, ...... 266

Bella (Mangilia), Ad. and Aug. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p.

419, pi. 37, f. 6. = M. Boakei, Nevill. . . . .270
Bella (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, . 249
Bella (Taranis), Verrill. Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix,

71. Probably intended for T. pulchella, Yerrill.
Bellardia, Bucq.,Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussilon, 85, 1883.

= Bellardiella, Fischer, 1883.
Bellardiella, Fischer. Manuel de Conchyl., 593, 1883.

= Daphnella, Sect , 160, 312

Bellardii (Oligotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

1883, 202, . 320

Bellaspira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 261, 1867.

= Mangilia.

Bellula (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 209, . 191
Belomitra, Fischer. Jour, de Conch., 1882, p. 275.

= S. G. of Bela, . . . . . . . 156, 224

Benedict! (Mangilia St. Gallae, var.), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy.

Soc. Tas., 1876, p. 137, . . 312

Beraudiana (Pleurotoma), Crosse. 111. Conch. ,xi, p. 88, 1. 1,

f. 5. = D. Angasi, Crosse.
Bertiniana (Clathurella), Tap.-Can. Bull. Soc. Zool., Fr.

iii, 247, pi. vi, f. 7-8. = Var. M. rubida, Hinds, . '.271
Bertrandi (Mangilia), Payr. Coq. de Corse, p. 144, t. 7, f.

12-13, . 244

Bertrandi (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil., 1, 198, t. 11,

f. 20, 1836. = M. nebula, Montg.

Bicanalifera (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . 177
Bicarinata (Bela), Couth. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., 1, 50,

1841 ; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 481, . . .214
Bicarinata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p.

243, 289

Bicarinatus (Murex), Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t, 5, f. 7.

= Pleurotoma cryptorrhaphe, Sowb,

22

328 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Biciiictula (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. B.,xl,pt.

2, p. 6, pi. i, f. 15. = M. Boakei, Nevill, . . .270

Biclathrata ( Mangilia \ Souverbie. J. de Conch., 1872, p.

363; 1873, p. 59, pi. iv. f. 4, 272

Bicolor (Clatlmrella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 18,

pi. i, fig. 20, 284

Bicolor (Drillia), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1838. p. 29, . 212
Bicolor (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, . 268
Bicolor i Pleurotoma), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 214.

= P. purpurea, Mont., 275

Bicolor (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, . 196
Biconica (Mangilia \ C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 65, . 248
Bifasciata (Borsonia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 1860, p. 143, 227
Bijubata (Surcula), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182, 242
Bilineata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p.

18, pi. i, f. 23, 288

Bilineata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 1845, p.

113. = D. pulchella, Reeve.
Bimarginata (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 83.

= Clavatula muricata, Lam., ...... 229

Bipartita (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 500, 234

Biseriata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 304, 274
Bivonse (Pleurotoma), Maravigna. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc.,

1840. — P. attenuata, Mont , 309

Bivoniana (Pleurotoma), Marav. Rev. Zool., 1840.

= P. multilineolata, Desh.

Blakeana (Bela), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 54, 1881, 222
Blanfordi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng.,

1875, pt. 2, p. 92, pi. vii, f. 14, .... .291

Boakei (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Ceylon B. R.

A. S., 1867-70, p. 142, 270

Boholensis (Pleuvotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1843,

p. 184, . 301

Bolbodes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 402,

1881, .... 242

Boothii (Pleurotoma), Smith. Wern. Soc. 98, t. 1, f. 1.

= P. Leufroyi, Mich.
Borealis (Mangilia), Loven. Idex. Mol. Lit. Scand., p. 14,

= Pleurotoma anceps, Eich. . . . . . .313

Borealis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Corrections.

= B. decussata, Couth 217

Bornii (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 499, 234

Borsonia, Bellardi. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, x, 30, 1839, 157,227
Bottae (Drillia , Yak-nc. Kiener, Coq. viv., t. 15, f. 12, . 192

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 329

Brachystoma (Bela), Pfeiffer. Adams' Genera, i, 92, . . 223
Brachystoma (Pleurotoma), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sic., ii, p.

169, pi. 26, f. 10, 1844, . 308

Brachytoma, Swainson. Malac., 154, 314, 1840.

= Drillia, Sect. ..... . 155, 176

Brachytona (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 415,

1881, ........... 212

Brazieri (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 187 1, p. 18,

pi. 1, f. 21, . . . 295

Branscombi (Pleurotoma), Clark.

= Juv. P. gracilis, Montagu, ...... 312

Brenchleyi (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p.

37, pi. v, f. 12, . . . . 285

Brevicaudata ( Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 186. = P. fasciatus, Lam.
Brevis ( Cithara), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 217, pi.

15, f. 11. = M. cithara, Gould, ..... 263
Brevis (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 66, . 248
Brevis ( Pleurotoma), Leche. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.,

Bd. 16, No. 2, p. 56. = B. bicarinata, Couth. . . 215

Brevis (Pleur.), Requien. = Mangilia Vauquelini, Payr. . 243
Brunnea (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 299
Brunnea (Pleurotoma), Perkins. Bost. Proc., xiii, 121, 1869.

= C. plicata, C. B. Adams, . . ... 277

Brunneomaculata (Surcula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873,

p. 720, t. 59, f. 8, ... 206

Brychia (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 451,

1881, . . .;•' ........ 315

Buchanan! (Drillia), Button. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Zeal., 4,

1873, ..... ...... 208

Buchanensis (Pleurotoma), Macgill. Moll. Aberd.

= M. linearis, Mont.
Buccinatus (Fususi, Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 132.

= Pusionella vulpina, Born, ...... 235

Buccinoides (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860,

p. 144, . ....... 299

Bucoinoides (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 94.

= PI. sinuata, Born ......... 233

Bulbacea (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 418, 1881, 212
•Butler! (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 303, 307

Cselata (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873,
p. 220, pi. 2, f. 34, . . ..... 295

Cselata (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 21, pi. 7, f. 6, 258
Caerulans (Mangilia), Appelius. Bull. Mai. Ital., ii, 137?t. 4,
f. 1, 1869. = M. indistincta, Monts.

330 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Caerulans, var. sicula (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Notizie,

p. 52. = P. sicula, Reeve.
Caerulans (Pleurotoma), Phil. Ennm. Moll., ii, p. 168, pi.

xxvi, f. 4. = P. Bertrandi, Payr., 244

Caerulea (Pleurotoma), Martens (not Weink.) Conch.

Mittheil., 107, t. 21, f. 5-9. = PI. pyramidata, Yal.
Caerulea (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., p. 34, pi. vii,

f. 4-6, 230

Caffra (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 209, . 191
Cagayanensis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 180
Cailliaudi (Conus), Jay. Ann. Lye. N. Y., iv, 169, t. 10, f.

8, 1846, ... 319

Calcarata (Pleurotoma), Grat. Monts. Jour. Soc. Sc. Nat.

Palermo, 105, 1878, 312

Caledonica (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p.

217, 261

Callosa (Drillia), Yal., MS. Kiener, Coq. viv., 50, t. 18, f. 1, 192
Canaliculata (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii,

p. 219, pi. 15, f. 17. = M. rubida, Hinds, . . 271

Canaliculata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 6, . 284

Cancellata (Bela), Mighels and Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H., 1841, i, p. 50, 218

Cancellata (Bela), G. 0. Sars. Moll. Arc. Norv., p. 224, pi.

xxiii, f. 31 ; pi. viii, f. 9. = B. Sarsii, Yerrill.
Cancellata (Citharopsis), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865,

xv, p. 323, 274

Cancellata (Daphnella), Hutton. Jour. Conch., 1878, p. 18, 306
Cancellata (Drillia), Cpt. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., 1865,

p. 63, 183

Cancellata (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 317, 1846, . 197
Cancellata (Pleurotoma), Calcara.

= PL clathrata, De Serres, 276

Cancellatum (Pleurotoma), Sowb. (non Calc.). Ind. Brit.

Shells, t. 19, f. 9. = P. Cordieri, Payr. . . . .275
Candeana (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 175, t. 24, f.

10-12, ... 279

Candelabrum, Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v, 1878.

= Ancistrosyrinx, Dall.
Candens (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 192, t.

19, f. 17, . . . 203

Candida (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 20 ;

Moll. Yoy. Sul., p. 20, pi. 6, f, 18, 273

Candida (Pleur.), Jones. H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 88, 174
Candida (Pleurotoma), Mke. Ch., 4, 1337-38.

— P. tornata, Dillw.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 331

_FAGE.

Candidissima (Lachesis), Phil. Moll. Sic., i, p. 222, t. xi,

f. 18, ... 225

Candidissima (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H., ii, p. 4, . . 226, 248

Candidula (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 358,

1846, 218

Candidus (Fusus), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 148, 1848. Abbild. iii,

117, t. 5, f. 7. ? = Pusionella valida, Dunker, . . . 234
Canfieldi (Clathurella), Ball. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 101,

t. 15, f. 9, . . . 280

Cantharis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 199
Capensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Arm. Mag. N. H., 1882, p.

296, . 299

Capillacea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 1846, p. 60, 263
Carbonaria (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 187. = D. callosa, Val.

Cardinalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. ,1845, p. 115, 258
Caribsea (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 172, t. 23, f.

32-34, 279

Caribbsea (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. II., 1882, p. 211, 199
Carinata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Griff., Cuv. An. King, pi. 23, 173
Carinata (Spirotropis), Bivona. Gen. Moll., 12 ; Phil. Moll.

Sicil., t. 26, f. 15, 213

Carinulata (Clathurella), Souverbie. Jour. Conch., 1875, p.

289, pi. xiii, f. 6, ... . 289

Carnosula (PI. Leufroyi, var.), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv,

367, 276

Carpenteri (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 53, pi.

v, f. 12, 250

Carpenteri- ( Pleurotoma', Yen-ill and Smith. Am. Jour.

Sc., 3d ser., xx, p. 395, . . . 310

Carpenteriana (Surcula), Gabb. Proc. 'Cal. Acad. Sci., 183,

1865. Pal. Cal., ii, 5, t. 1, f. 8, - 239

Casta (Mangilia), Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64.

= Daphnella, Reeveana, Tryon, ..... 305
Casta (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 25, pi.

7, f. 20, 300

Castanea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 255
Castanea (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 177
Castaneus < Bela\ Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 43, 44.

= B. rufa, Mont. ... . . 224

Catelini (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conobyl., ii, 75, t. 1, f. 2,

1851. = Pusionella aculeiformis, Lam 234

Catena (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 36, 1843, . 240
Cathedralis (Candelabrum), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,

v, 1878. = Ancistrosyrinx elegans, Dall.

332 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Caudata (PL reticulatum, var.), Requien. Coq. Corse., 72.

= C. Cordieri, Fayr.
Caudicula (Pleurotoma), Chieregh. Brusina, Ipsa Chieregh.

Conch., 158. = P. Leufroyi, Mich.

Cavernosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, 251
Cavernosa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.

118, . . 290

Cedo-nulli (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. p.

185. = C. Pagoda, Lesson.
Celebensis (Mangilia), Hinds. Prnc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 46 ;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 26. pi. ix, f. 5, . 260

Cerea (Mangilia), Carpenter, Ann. Mag. N. H , xv, 1865,

p. 400, . 251

Cerinum (Pleurotoma), Kurtz and Stimps. Proc. Bost Soc.

N. H.,iv, p. 115, . .310

Cerithina (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, .318

Cerithoidea (Pleurotoma), Cpr. Mazat. Shells, p. 394.

= D. aterrima, Sowb.
Cernica (Cythara), G, and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875,

pt. ii, p. 94, pi. vii, f. 16. = M. Isseli, var., . . 272

Ceroplasta (Borsonia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 473,

1881, . . . 228

Ceylonica (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N.

H., 1877, p. 489, . . ' 174

Chariessa (Pleurotoma;, Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 458,

1881, . . . . .299

Cheesemani (Drillia), Button. Jour, de Conch., 16, 1878.

= D. Zealandica, Smith.
Chauveti (Pleurotoma), Req. Coq. de Corse, p. 101.

= Lachesis minima, Montg., 225

Chemnitzii (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 74, . 318
Chocolatum (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 492, . .... .211

Chordula (Murex), Turton. Diet., p. 94. = Juv. Bela rufa,

Mont., 224

Chyta^ Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 467, 1881, 299
Cincta (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt, xviii, p. 161.

= C. rugosa, Mghels. Garrett, Mss., .... 297

Cincta (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65. . 259
Cincta (Surcula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 92, . . 242
Cincta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. (not Lam.). Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1833, p. 136. = D. zonulata, Reeve.

Cinctella (Mangilia), Pfeif. Arch. f. Nat., 1840, i, p. 258, . 248
Cinerea (Bela), Moll. Moll. Groenl, p. 13, . . 218

Cinerea (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., 18, pi. 6, f. 3 273

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 333

PAGE.

Cinerea (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., 126, pi. 23,

f. 1,3. = D. zebra, Lamarck.
Cingulifera (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii,

p. 94, ... . .166

Cinnamomea (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 45, . . 266

Circinata (Pleurotoma), Dall. Proc. Cal. Acad., v, p. 61,

pi. ii, f. 5, 1873, ... .316

Circumsecta (Pleurotoma), Mign. Proc. Bost. Soc. N H.,

ii,p. 24, . . . 319

Circumvoluta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

465, 1881, . .299

Cirratum (Pleurotoma), Brugnone (non Bellardi, 1847).

Mem. Pleur. Foss., 1862, p. 17, f. 9. : = M. Morchi, Malm.
Cithara (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii,

p. 140, 1849, .263

Citharella (Mangilia), Lam. Anirn. sans Vert., Edit. Desh.,

ix,407, 257

Citharopsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iv, 97, 1868.

= Columbellidse.
Clandestina (Pleurotoma), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. 110,

pi. xii, f. 15-16, . 298

Clara (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 252
Clara (Surcula), Martens. Mittheil., i, p. 35, pi. 8, f. 1 a-d. 239
Clathrata (Clathurella), Marcel de Serres. Geogn. du Midi,

113, t. 2, f. 7,8, . . 276

Clathrata (Daphnella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc., 1865,

p. 185, , 306

Clathrata (Drillia), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. H., i, 1838, p. 28, . 212
Clathrata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. lc., pi. 39, f. 361.

= C. candidula, Reeve, var., 278

Clathurella, Carpenter. Mazatl. Cat. 399, 1857, . . 159, 274
Clavata (Mangilia), C. B. Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870,

p. 254, . . 261

Clavata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, . 190
Clavatulus (Murex), pars. Dillw. Cat., i, p. 713.

= Pleur. muricata, Lam.
Clavatulus (Murex), Dillwyn. Cat. ii, p. 713. (Ex-parte.)

= Pleurotoma taxus, Chemn.
Clavatula, Lamarck. Syst. An., 84, 1801, . . . 157, 228

Clavatulinse, 153

Clavicantha, Swainson. Malac., 155, 314, 1840.

= Clavatula, Lam.
Clavulus (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134.

= Columbella, Manual, v, 184.

334 INDEX ANP SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Clavus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 434, 1810.

= Drillia, Sect. . 155, 185

Clevei (Oligotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

1883, 200, 319

Climacota (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn, Soc.,xv, 1881, 428, 200
Clinura, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, 204, 1877.

= Surcula, Sect 158

Clionella, Gray. Zool. Proc., 153, 1847, . . . 157, 233
Clionellseformis (Drillia), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., p. 106,

t. 23, f. 5, 198

Coarctata (Mangilia), Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., v, 107.

= M. costata, Forbes and Hanley, 244

Coarctata (Mangilia), Weink. M. M. Conch., ii,p. 125 (non

Forbes). = M. multilineolata, Desh.

Coccinata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 188
Coccinea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318
Cochlespira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 210, 1865.

— Pleurotoma, Lam.

Coffea (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 209, . 191
Cognata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 490, 170

Colini (Clavatula), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. GeselL, 1883,

126, t. 3, f. 0, 230

Collaris (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= D. zebra, Lam.
Columbarium, Martens. Conch. Mitth., p. 105, t. 21, f. 1-3,

1881, 154, 175

Columbella( Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. ix, 60, 312
Columbelloides (Cythara , Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 62. == M. Marginelloides, Reeve, . . . .261
Comarmondi (Pleurotoma), Mich. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord.,

iii, 263, t. l,f. 6. = P. gracilis, Mont., . .312

Comatotropis (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,

ix, 58, .312

Commoda (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,299, 299
Companyoi (Mangilia), Bncq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll.

Roussillon, 108, t. 15, f. 20-22, 1883, . . . .245
Compsa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 470,

1881, 307

Compta (Cithara), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p.

419, pi. xxxvii, f. 5, 306

Compta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118.

= C. vultuosa, Reeve, ....... 296

Concentricostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845,

p. 117, 258

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 335

Concinna (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. N. H., 1861,

p. 382, . 306

Concinna (Pleurotoma^ Dunker. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p.

356 ; Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 160. = C. Reeveana, Desh., . 291
Concinna (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch. Reg. Neapol.,

1836, p. 12, fig. 18, . . . . 277

Concinnula (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 468, pi.

xliii, f. 15 ; pi. Ivii, f. 11, 1882, 220

Concolor (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 498, ... 212

Conica (Pleurotoma). Enc. Meth., pi. 439, f. 9 a-b.

= P. muricata, Lam. . 229

Coniformis (Cythara), Gray. Moll. Toy. Blossom, p. 119, 264
Coniformis (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch.,

1875, p. 288, pi. xiii, f. 5. = M. Souverbiei, Tryon, . 265
Conohelicoides (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 62, .262

Conoidea (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 236, t. 16, f. 14, 1878, 221
Conopleura, Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 24, 1844.

= Drillia, Sect 155, 211

Consimilis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p.

188, t. 19, f. 11. = D. Sinensis, Hinds.
Consociata (Crassispira), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 496. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell, 1883, 121, t. 3, f. 4, . 192
Constricta (Clathtirella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc.,

1865, p. 184 299

Contortula (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng.,

1875, pt. 2, p. 92, pi. vii, f. 12, . ... 294

Contracta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.

185. — Mangilia gracilenta, Reeve, .... 252
Convexa (Defrancia), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 33, 299
Coppingeri (Mangilia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p.

27, pi. iv, f. 2, . . 255

Coralligena (PL Leufroyi, var.), Monterosato. Enum. e.

Sinon, 46. = M. Leufroyi, Mich.
Corallina (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 435,

1881, 249

Corbis (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Monterosato. Enum. e.

Sinon, 46. = P. purpureum, Mont. .... 275

Cordiera, Rouault. Bull. Soc. Geol., v, 1848.

= Borsonia, Bell 227

Cordieri (Clathurella), Payr. Moll. Corse., 144, t. 7, f. 11, 275
Coreanica (Pleurotoma), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang,

t. 10, f. 8. = P. javana, Linn. 237

Cornea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, . 253
Cornea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318

336 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Cornnta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= D. nigerrima, Sowb,
Coronata (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 45 :

Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 26, pi. ix, f. 2, . . . . '. 260
Coronata (Mangilia), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1845, p. 23, 271
Coronatus (Murex Turris), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, p. 11 4,

t. 190, f. 1831 and 1832. = Pleurotoma muricata, Lam.
Corpulcnta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv.

p. 446, 1881, . . . '. 315

Corrugata (Borsonia), Pease, MSS. Carp. Zool. Proc,, 1865,

516; Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 232, . . . . .228
Corrugata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 159,

1871. == C. rubrognttata, H. Ad. . . . . . 292

Corrugata (Pleurotoma), Kien. Coq. viv., t. 9, f. 2.

= P. undatiruga, Bivona, ...... 238

Corrugata (Pleurotoma), Sowerby. Zool. Proc., 137, 1833.

= Drillia Sowerbyi, Reeve.

Corusca (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183, . 209
Costata (Mangilia), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll., iii, 485, 244
Costata (Pleurotoma), Gray, MSS. Reeve, Icon., sp. 298,

1846. = M. trilineata, C. B. Ad 248

Costatum (Pleurotoma), Donovan. Brit. Shells, v, t. 179,

f. 4. = B. septangularis, Mont. . . 223

Costulata (Mangilia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 227; xviii,

p. 165, . 255

Costulata (Mangilia), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer., iv. p.

219,1826. = D. nebula, Montg 307

Costulata (Pleurotoma), DeBlainv. Faune Fraii9.,t,4 ,f. 6, 309
Costulatum (Pleurotoma), Gmelin. Syst. Nat.

? = P. Cordieri, Payr.
Costulifera (Cithara i, Pse. Carpenter, Proc. Zool. Soc., 516,

1865. = Cithara ornata, Pse. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 232.
Coxi (Drillia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 1 13, pi. 13,

f. 15. == D. Sinensis, Hinds.

Cranchiana (Mangilia), Leach. = M. linearis, Mont.
Cranchii (Pleurotoma), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 5.

= B. rufa, Mont 224

Crassicostata (Borsonia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p.

143, 227

Crassicostata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p.

66, 1850. = M. badia, Reeve, . . ' . . . .247
Crassicostata (Mangilia), Dunk. Mai. Blatt, xviii, p. 164, . 261
Crassilabrum (Mangilia ), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 36, 1846, . 265
Crassilabrum (Pleurotoma), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc. N.

H., ii. 319

INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Crassilabrum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 135, ... . 258

Crassispira, Swainson. Malac., 152, 313, 1840.

= Drillia, Sect. 155, 191

Craticulata (Defrancia), Olivi (nee Linn.). Chieregh. Conch.,

160. = M. Cordieri, Payr.

Craticulata (Lachesis), Morch. Mai. Blatter, vii, p. 104, . 226
Crebricostata (Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865,

xv, p. 28, 312

Crebricostata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 41 ; Reeve, Icon. Pleurotoma, Corrections.

= D. Maravignae, Bivona.
Crebriplicata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 3, .... .305

Crenularis (Drillia), Lara. Anim. sans Yert., vii, p. 92, . 178
Crenulata (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 221,

pi. 15, fig. 20, . . . . . . . . 304

Crispa (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 95, 1818, 163
Crispaturn (Pleurotoma), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., i, p. 200 ; ii,

p. 170, t. 26, f. 12. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara, . . 209
Crocata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110, . 204
Cryptoconus, v. Koenen. Arch. f. Nat., 1880, ii, 211.

= Genotia, Sect. . . . ... 154

Cryptorrhaphe (Pleurotoma), Sowb. App. Tank. Cat., p. 14, 168
Crystallina (Clathurella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S.,

1865, p. 184, 299

Cubensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,211.

= Mangilia luctuosa, d'Orb. . . . . . .246

Cunningham! (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881,

p. 27, pi. iv, f. 1. ?= B. subluta, Gould, . . . .222
Cuprea (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187.

= D. fuscescens, Gray.
Curculio (Clathurella rugosa, var.), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc.,

1875, 86, ... . . 297

Curta (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p, 221,

pi. 15, f. 22, ... 304

Curvata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeiclmiss, p. 74, . . 318
Cumingii (Clathurella), Powis. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835, . 283
Cycladensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. xxxii,

fig. 289, 1845. = D. brachystoma, Phil 308

Cyclophora (Clatlmrella), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. Ill, pi.

xii,f. 19-21,1863, 292

Cyliudracea (Bela), Moll. Moll. Grcenl., p. 13.

= B. bicarinnta, Couth 215

Cylindrica (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p.

143, 299

338 INDEX ANP SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Cylindrica (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, 267
Cyrilli (Raphitoma), Brusina. Contr. Fauna Dalm., 64.

= M. linearis, Mont.
Cythara, Schumacher. Essai nov. gen., 245, 1817.

== Mangilia, Sect. . . . . . . . 159, 261

Cytharella, Monterosato. = Githara.

Cytharopsis, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H.. 1865, xv, 322.

= Mangilia, Sect. . 159, 274

Dsedalea (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A N. S., 1873, p. 219,

pi. 2, f. 33, . 294

Daedalea (Cythara), Pse. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 218, pi.

15, f. 13, 1867. = C. debilis, Pease, . . . .270
Daedala (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6.

= M. margaritifera, Gray, . . . . . .258

Dalli (Drilliai, Verrill and Smith. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p.

451, pi. Ivii, f. 1, la, 181

Daphnella, Hinds. Toy. Sulphur, 25, 1844, . . .160

Daphnelloides (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi, xxiv,

f. 206. = P. marmorata, Hinds, 302

Darnleyensis (Mangilia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.

Wales, i, 154, 256

Debilis (Cythara), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iv, p. 105,

18C.8, . * 270

Debilis (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 39 ;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5, f. 16 282

Decora (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 215.

= M. trilineata, C. B. Ad., . ... 248

Decorata (Daphnella), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 62.

= D. Lymneiformis, Kiener, ...... 300

Declivis (Bela), Loven. Ind. Moll. Scand., p. 13, . . 218
Declivis (Pleurotoma), Martens. Conch. Mittheil., i, 39,

t. 9, f. 2, . ... ... 170

Decussata (Bela), Couth. Bos. Jour. Nat H., ii, p. 183, pi.

iv, f. 8, 1839, 217

Decussata (Mangilia), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 217,

pi. 15, f. 10, . . 263

Decussata ( Pleurotoma \ Macgillivray. Moll. Aberdeen, p.

172. = P. Trevelyana, Turt 221

Decussata (Pleurotoma), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 174,, t. 26, f.

23, 1844. = D. nuperrima, Tiberi, 307

Defrancia, Millet. Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1826.

= Clathurella, Carp. . . . .159

Delacouriana (Cithara), Crosse. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 177 ;

xx, p. 66, pi. ii, f. 4, . . 263

Delicata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 34, f. 310, . 301

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 339

Delicatula (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas.,

1878,37, .302

Delosensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 40, f. 365.

= P. clathrata, Marcel, 276

Deluta (Daphnella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 339, . 306
Demersa (Bela), Tiberi. Jour. Conch., 1868, p. 179.

= D. Morchi, Malm .315

Dempsta (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 340, . 312
Denseplicata (Pleurotoma), Dunker. Mai. Blat.,xviii,p. 159, 203
Densestriata (Mangilia), C. B, Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 65.

? = M. balteata, Reeve, 247

Dentatum (Pleurotoma), Souvr. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 418 ;

xviii, p. 431, pi. xiv, f. 5, 305

Dentifera (Clathurella), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 23, pi.

7, f. 14; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, . . . . 291
Derelicta (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, 266
Desalesi (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,

1876, 138, 271

Deshayesii (Mangilia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 228, . . 256
Deshayesii (Pleurotoma), Doumet. Mag. de Zool. Moll.,

1840, pi. 1 1. = P. Indica, Desh.

Despecta (Defrancia), H. and A. Ad. Genera, i, 96, . . 299
Detecta (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 65, 1881, 213
Diadema (Fusus), Lesson. Sowb. Thes., iv, pi. 410, fig. 53.

= Columbarium Pagoda, Lesson.
Diadema (Pleurotoma;, Kien. Iconog., pi. 8$ f. 2.

= Clavatula muricata, Lam. ...... 229

Didyma (Genotia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 404, 1881, 175
Difficilis (Pleurotoma', Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 187,

t. 19, f. 8, 173

Digitalis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186, . 191
Digitalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65, 268
Digna (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 499, 184
Diminuta (Pleurotoma \ 0. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 63.

= P. qiiadrata ? Reeve, 278

Discors (Bela ), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 6, 7.

= B. pyramidalis, Strom. . . . . . . .216

Discors (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Geol. Soc., 1833, p. 137,

= D. aterrima, Sowb., var.
Discrepans (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 6, t. 5, f. 49, 50.

= B. rufa, Mont 224

Ditoma, Belkrdi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 29, 5, 1877.

= Clathurella, Sect.

Diversa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 18*2, 207, . 191
Dolichotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, p. 229,

1877. = Genotia, Section, 154

340 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Donata (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sul., p. 22, pi. 7, f. 7 ;

Proo. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, . . . . .210

Donovania, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85,

1883. = Lachesis, Risso.
D'Orbignii (Pleurotoma , Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 359,

1846. = C. candidula, Reeve, var. . . . . . 278

Dormitor (Mitromorpha), Sowb. Carpenter, Ann. Mag.,

182, 1865, 318

Dorvilliae (Mangilia), Gray. Reeve, Pleurotoma, sp. 249, . 267
Dowsoni (Pleurotoma \ S. V. Wood. = P. turricula, Mont. 219
Drillia, Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. i, 1838, p. 28, 155, 176
Dubia (Mangilia), C. B, Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii,

p. 4, 248

Dubiosa (Cythara), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875,

ii, p. 93, pi. vii, f. 18, . -. 264

Dunkeri (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Kiister's Conch. Cab.,

No. 86, t. 16, f. 2. = D. umbilicata, Gray.
Duplicata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843.

= P. olivacea, Sowb 238

Duplicata (Pleurotoma), Weiukauff (not Sowerby). Kiister,

Conch. Cab., t. 10, f. 9, 11. = Drillia maura/Sowb.
Dyscrita (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 448,

'1881, 315

Dysoni (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 198
Dysoni (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 29, . . . 247

Eborea (Drillia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. 7, p.

337, 212

Ebur (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, . 188
Eburnea (Drillia), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 280, . 183
Eburnea (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Gen. posth., p. 9.

= M. taeniata, Desh . .243

Echinata (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 91, . 185
Echinatus (Pleurotoma), Brocc. (not Lamarck). Conch.

foss. Subap., 423, t. 8, f. 3. = C. Cordieri, Payr.
Efficta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118.

= C. vultuosa, Reeve, 296

Effusa (Daphnella), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d

ser., xv, 29, 1865, 317

Elatior (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc., ii, p. 4, 319
Elatior (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 173, t. 23, f.

35-37, . 279

Elegans (Ancistrosyrinx), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,

ix, 54, 1881, .176

Elegans (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299
Elegans (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, . 264

INEEX AND SYNONYMY. 341

Elegans (Defrancia), Moll. Moll. Groenl., p. 13.

= Bela cancellata, Mighels, 218

Elegans (Murex), Wood. Ind. Test. Supp., pi. 5, f. 8.

= Pleurotoma fascialis, Lam.
Elegans (Pleurotoma), Brown. Conch. Gb. Brit.

= D. costulata, Blainv. . 309

Elegans (Pleurotoma), Blv. (non Donov.).

= P. purpureum, Mont.
Elegans (Pleurotoma), Donovan. Brit. Shells, v, 1. 179, f. 3.

= M. linearis, Mont.
Elegans (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., pi. 26, f. 5.

= D. Maravignse, Bivona.
Elegantior (Pleurotoma), S. Wood. 1872.

= B. elegans, Moll. Jeffreys, Proc. Roy. Soc., xxv, 189.
Elongata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318
Elongata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Beechey's Yoy., p. 119.

? = P. cryptorraphe, Sowb.

Elongatula (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 74, . 318
Elusiva (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 69, 1881, 213
Emarginata (Clathurella), Donov. Brit. Shells, v, t. 169,

f. 2. = D. gracilis, Montagu, ...... 312

Emendata (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Conch. St. Yito.

Jour, de Conch., 1878, 157, 172

En^inseformis (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S.

Beng., 1875, ii, p. 91, pi. vii, f. 9, 294

Engonia (Genotia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 405, 1881, 175
Ericea (Mangilia), Hinds. Yoy. Sulphur Moll., p. 17, pi. 5,

f. 15, . . . " . . . 258

Eritima (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 443,

1881, 315

Eritmeta (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 432,

1881, . .- 249

Erosa (Drillia), Schrenck. Amurland Moll., p. 405, t. xvii,

figs. 5-7, 184

Erythrrea (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. (Kuster, t. 4, f. 10), 166
Etallonia, Deshayes. Paris Fossils, 2d edit., 605, 1862, 156, 226
Etruscum (Pleurotoma), Tiberi. Monterosato, Nuova

Revista, 42. = PL calcarata, Grat. . . . .312

Eucheilodon, Gabb. Jour. Acad. Pliilada., 2d ser., iv, 380,

t. 67, f. 18. = Pleurotoma, Lam.
Eucithara, Fischer. Man. de Conch., 593, 1884.

= Cythara, Schum.
Exarata (B^la), Moll. Moll. Grcenl., p. 12.

= B. turricula, Mont. . . . . . . .219

Exarata (Bela), Yen-ill. Pro. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 366 (pars).

= B. concinnula, Yerrill.

342 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Exarata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 204
Exasperata (Drillia), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 63,

1881, . 213

Exasperata (Drillia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. ii, fig. 8, 1843, 185
Excavata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 498, 212

Excentrica (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= D. rudis, Sowb.
Excurvata (Bela), Opt. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., 1865,

p. 63, . 223

Exigtia (Drillia), Homb. et Jacq. Voy. Astr. et Zel., v, 111,

t. 25, f. 21, 22, 188

Exigua (Bela), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, 398, t. 44,

f. 10, 216

Exilis (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299
Exilis (Drillia), Pease Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 220, pi. 15,

f. 19, 1867, . .206

Exilis (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 1849, p. 31, . •. 299
Eximia (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181, 290
Expansa (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 240, t. 17, f 7, 1878, . 216
Exquisita (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng.,

1875, p. 87 (pt. ii). = M. rubida, Hinds, . . . .271
Exquisita (Defrancia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag., 33, 1882, . 299
Exquisita (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 305, 269
Exsculpta (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 247,

1882, 212

Extensa (Bela Blakeana, var .), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp.

Zool., ix, 55, . 222

Fabagina (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. Weinkauff,

Cat., p. 4. = P. fagina, Ad. and Reeve.
Fagina (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. Voy. Sam., p 40,

t. 9, f. 2a-6, . . . . ' . , .167

Fairbanki (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc.

Ben., 1875, ii, p. 85, pi. vii, f. 2, 270

Fallax ( Clathurella rugosa, var.), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S.

Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 87, . .... 297

Fallax (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Rep. JBg. Invert., 139.

= juv. P. gracilis, Montagu. ...... 312

Farranii (Pleurotoma), Thomps. Ann. Nat. Hist., xv, 316,

t. 19, f. 3. = D. costulata, Blainv 309

Fascialis (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 93, . 169
Fasciata (Cythara), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Mangilia,

sp. 52, 269

Felina (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42;

Voy. Sulph., t. 7, f. 4, . 292

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 343

Fenestrata (Clatlmrella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt, xviii, p. 162,
Fenestrata (Pleurotoma), Desh. Exp. Moree, 177.

?= D. costulata, Blainv 309

Fenestrata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 283
Ferruginea (Clavatula), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell.,

1883, 115, t. 3, f. 8. = 01. muricata, Lam., var. . 229

Ferruginea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . 318
Ficus (Buccinum), Martyn. Univ. Conch.

= Halia Priamus, Meuschen.

Fidicula (Bela), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 142, 1849, . . 222
Filicincta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 216, 261
Filifera (Bela), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 56, 1881, 222
Filosa (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p.

338, . • 299

Filosa (Mitromorpha), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d

ser., xv, 182, 1865, 317

Filosa (Pleurotoma), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, 240,

1877, UO

Fimbriata (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.

43 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 22, pi. 7, f. 9, . . . . 288
Flammea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.

42; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 21, pi. 6, f. 21, . . 302

Flavescens (Mangilia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p.

37, pi. v. f. 11, . . .-.."• 256

Flavescens Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, 194
Flavidula (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 92, . 177
Flavocarinata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 212, 200
Flavocincta (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 63, 319
Flavo-nodulosa (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p.

194, t. 19, f. 21, 202

Flemingiana (Halia), Macgilliv. Moll. Aberd., p. 189.

= Buccinum Dalei, Sowb. 318

Flexuosa (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 214, 261
Floridana (Mitromorpha), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus.,vi, 1883, 317
Fluctuosa (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 416, 1881, 212
Folinese (Lachesis), Ph. Moll. Sic., ii, 1844, p. 189, t. xxvii,

f. 10, 225

Folinese (Murex), Chiaje. Mem., t. xlix, f. 12-14.

= Lachesis minima, Mont. ...... 225

Foraminata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 118, 288

Forbesii (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 37, f. 339.

? = D. brachystoma, Phil. 308

Formicaria (Mangilia), Forbes. JEgean Report, 139, 1844.

= M. nebula, Montg.
Formicaria (Mangilia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 139, 250

23

344 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Formosa (Clathurella), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883,

397, t. 44, f. 9 297

Formosa (PL reticulata, var.), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv,

371. = M. Cordieri, Payr.
Formosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 36, f. 331 ;

Reeve, Corrections, Conch. Icon. = D. Iseta, Hinds.
Forthiensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 114. = D. accincta, Montg. ..... 310

Fortilirata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 194,

t. 19, f. 22,. . ... 207

Fortis (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844.

= D. turgida, Forbes, 308

Foveolata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, 288
Fragilis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill ;

Smith, Zool. Proc , 198, 1879. = D. Lymneiformis, Kiener, 300
Fucata (Drillia). Reeve. Proc. Zool Soc., 1845. p. 110, . 189
Fulgurans (Daphnella), Krauss. Siidafrikan. Moll., p. 109,

t. vi, f. 11, . . 311

Fulminata (Pleurotoma), Kiener. Icon., pi. 10, f. 2.

= P. tornata, Dillw., var 237

Fulva (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116.

= M. lutescens, Reeve, ....... 253

Fulva (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, . 210
Fulvocincta (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc.

Beng., 1875, ii, p. 85, pi. vii, f. 1, . 252

Funebrale (Daphnella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 100,

1871, 310

Funebris (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 251
Funiculata (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p.

60, .... . ... 257, 267

Funiculata (Pleurotoma), Yal., MSS. Kiener, Iconog.,t. 16,

f. 1. = P. olivacea, Sowb 238

Funiculus (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . 318
Fusca (Bela), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 3, 4.

= B. rufa, Mont 224

Fusca (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,

ii, p. 4, . . . . 248

Fusca (Pleurotoma), Calcara. = Mangilia Sicula, Reeve.
Fusca (Pleurotoma), Homb. and Jacq. Vo}7. Sud Pol. Zool.,

v, p. Ill, t. 25, f. 19-20. = P. gemmata, Hinds.
Fuscata (Pleurotoma), Desh. ?= D. nebula, Montg. . .308
Fuscescens (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 125, 1843, . 193
Fuscobalteata (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

p. 196, pi. xix, f. 26, 284

Fuscocincta (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 62, 319

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 345

PAGE.

Fuscoligata (Daphnella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p.

100, 1871, 301

Fuscoligata (Mangilia rigida, var.), Opt. Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1856, p. 163, 269

Fuscolineata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii. p. 162, 299
Fuscolineata (Daphnella), Smith. Dunker, Jap. Moll., 25.

= D. fuscobalteata, Smith.
Fuscolineata (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H., 1845, p. 4; Contrib. Conch., p. 54.

= P. monilifera, Sowb 278

Fuscomaculata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860,

p. 144, . 299

Fusconotata (Cithara), Cpt. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1864,

xiv, p. 46, 271

Fusiformis (Cithara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 268
Fusiformis (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila.,

1873, p. 229, pi. 3, f. 58, 303

Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 64, 319
Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 74, . 318
Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), Requien. Coq. Corse, Suppl.,

101, No. 524, bis. = P. anceps, Eichw. . . . .313
Fusoides (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p.

6. = M. gracilenta, Reeve, ...... 252

Galerita (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys (not Phil.). Brit. Conch.,

v, 221, t. 102, f. 6. = P. semicolon, S. Wood.
Gslerita (Pleurotoma), Philippi. En. Moll. Sic., ii, 172, t.

26, f. 15, 1844, . ... ... 309

Garnonsii (Pleurotoma). Reeve, 4, pi. 1, Conch. Ic., 1843, 163
Garrettii (Cythara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 147.

= Columbella lachryma, Gask. Yol. v, 165.
Gealei (Daphnella), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist,, 1882,302, 307
Gemmata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 37, . . 173

Gemmata (Pleurotoma . MacAndrew Report.

= P. arnabilis. Jick.
Gemmula, Weink. Jahr. Mai. Ges., ii, p. 287, 1876.

= Pleurotoma, Sect. 154, 173

Gemmulata (Pleurotoma), Desh. Conch. Reunion, p. 107,

pi. xii, f. 8-10. = Mangilia interrupta, Reeve, . . 266
Genotia, H. and A. Adams, em. Gen. Rec. Moll, i, 89, 1853.

154, 174
Gibbera (Defrancia), Jeffreys, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1873,

114, 299

Gibbosa (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 266
Gibbosa (Drillia), Born. Test. Mus. Cses., t. 11, f. 12, 13, . 179

346 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Gigantea (Bela), Morch. Moll. Spitzbergen, No. 33.

= B. Schantarica, Midd.
Gigas (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Yerkriisen, Jahrb. Mai.

Gesell., ii, 239, t. 8, f. 6, 7, 1875.

= Bela Schantarica, Midd.
Giliberti (Borsonia), Souv. Jcur. Conch., 1874, p. 189, pi.

vii, fig. 2, . 228

Gilpini (Bela), Yerkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v, 1878, p. 226, . 222
Ginnannia (Mangilia), Reeve (not Risso). Mangilia, f. 45.

? = PI. septangularis, 223

Ginnannia (Mangilia), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 220, t. 7, f. 99.

= D. nebula, Montg .307

Glareosa (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 340, . 271
Glumacea (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.

44 ; Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 24, pi. vii, f. 15, . . . 291

Glyphostoraa, W. M. Gabb. Proc. Ic. N. S. Phila., iii, 270,

pi. xi, f. 4, 1872 ; Semper, Verb. Hamburg, 199, 1875.

= Mangilia Risso, Sect. ... . 159, 271

Godfroidi (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 54, pi. v,

f. 12, . .250

Goniodes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 394,

1881, 242

Goodallii (Mangila), Gray, MSS. Reeve . Mangilia), 58, . 260
Goreensis (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., 1883,

131, t. 3, f. 11 . . 246

Gouldii (Bela), Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 465, pi. Ivii,

f. 6, 6 a, 1882, .220

Gracilenta (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 184, 251
Gracilior (Clavatula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 254, 232
Gracilior (Mitromorpha), Hemphill, ..... 317
Gracillima (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., 26, t. 5, f.

4,5, 1876, 165

Gracillima (Pleurotoma), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 164, 174
Gracilis (Clathurella), Montagu. Test. Brit., 1. 1, p. 267, pi.

xv, f. 5, 312

Gracilis (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, . 267
Gracilis (Pleurotoma), Marrat. Jour. Conch., i, 240, . . 319
Gracilis (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 13, 1836.

= P. attenuata, Montagu, ....... 309

Gracilispira (Clathurella), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1879, p. 196, pi. xix, f. 25 286

Gradata (Cythara), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875,

ii, p. 93, pi. vii, f. 15, . 262

Grseffei (Pleurotoma), Weink. Jahr., ii, t. 9, f. 9, 10, p. 290,
1875, .173

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 347

PAGB.

Grandis (Plcurotoma), Gray. Griff. Guv. An. Kingd., pi.

xxiii, f. 1, . . .163

Grandis (Pusionella), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 73, 1853.

= P. vulpina, Born, .... ... 235

Granicostata (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xxxv,

f. 323, 1846, . . 287

Granosa (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 162, 1871, 295
Granulata (Nessea), Risso. Hist., t. iv, p. 223, f. 67, 68.

= Lachesis minima, Montg. ...... 225

Granulatissima (Lachesis), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vii, p. 103, 226
Granulatus (Fusus), Calcara. Ric. Malac., 1839, f. 10.

= Lachesis Folineee, Phil. . .... 225

Granuliferum (Pleurotoma), Brugn., 1862.

= P. brachystoma, Phil. 308

Granulosa (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 139, . 196
Granulosissima (Clathurella), T.- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc.

Tasm., p. 37,1878, ....'.. .282,285
Granum (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil., ii, 170.

= P. clathrata, Marcel, .276

Gratula (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 64, 1881, 213
Gravis (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 16, pi.

v, f. 6, -'."'. . . .229

Grayi (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, 296
Greenlandica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xxxvii,

f. 343. = B. bicarinata, Conch 215

Griffithii (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 57,

1843. = D. crenularis, Lam 178

Gruneri (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Zeit. f. MaL, 1848, p. 12.

= P. Virgo, Lam.
Guarani (Mangilia), d'Orb. Moll. Amer. Mer., p. 445, pi.

Ixxvii, f. 13, 14, 247

Guerinii (Pleurotoma), Duval. Revue Zool., 1845, p. 212, . 166
Guestieri (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1872,

p. 362 ; 1873, p. 58, pi. iv, f. 3. = M. reticulata, Reeve, 262
Guildingii (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 116, . .279

Gypsata (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 413, 1881, 212

Hsedropleura, Monterosato,Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll.

Roussillon, 85, 1883. = Bela, Sect. . . . 156, 223

Halia, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. merid., iv, 52, 1826, . 161, 318
Hamata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p.

399, 1865, .251

Hanleyi (Cithara), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 164, . . 271
Hanleyi (Drillia), Carp. Mazat. Shells, p. 398.

= D. rustica, Sowb.

348 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Harfordiana (Plenrotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 183. = D. nigerrima, Sowb., var., . . . .196
Harpa (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299
Harpula (Pleurotoma), Yalenc., MSS. Kiener, Iconog., 58,

t. 18, f. 3. = D. harpularia, Desmoulins.
Harpularia (Bela), Couth. Bos. Jour. N. H., 11, p. 106, pi. 1,

f. 10, 1838, 219

Harpularia (Bela), G. O. Sars. Moll. Re£. Arct. Norv., p.

234, pi. 16, f. 17, pi. ix, f. 3a-c, 1878.

= B. turricula, Montg. . . . . . . .219

Harpularia (Drillia), Desmoulins. Revis. Pleur., p. 56, . 193
Harrisoni (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria,

xiv, p. 56, 306

Harveyi (Bela), Verkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v, p. 225, 1878, 222
Hastula (Pleurotoma \ Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187.

= P. marmorata, Lam. ....... 165

Havanensis (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo., ix, 67,

1881, ... 213

Hayesiana (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p.

17, pi. i,fig. 17, 281

Hebes (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Hi, p. 367.

= B. decussata, Couth., var. .... . .217

Helicoides (Bulla), Brocchi. Conch, foss. snbap., t. 1, f.

9 a and 6, p. 283, 1814.

= fossil var. of Halia Priam us, Meuschen.
Hemimeres (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

398, 1881, . 242

Hemphilli (Drillia), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac., v, p. 80, pi. 1,

f. 3, 185, 319

Heptagona (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 161, . 299
Heptagona (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Notizie, 42, t. 1, f. 9.

= PI. septangularis, Mont.
Hexagona (Mangilia), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., 1865, iii,

p. 185, 249

Hexagona (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 139, 187
Hexagonalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 118, . . . . .251

Hexagonum (Pleurotoma), Pfr. Arch. f. Nat., 1840, i, p.

258, . . . 299

Hindsii (Clathurella), Ref ve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186, 289
Hirsutum (Pleurotoma, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, 59, pi. v,

f. 18, . . 270

Histrix (Defrancia), Jan. Bellardi, Mon. Pleur. Fos. Piem.,

<;13, t. 4, f. 14. = C. Cordieri, Payr. . . 275

Holbolii (Bela), Beck. = Columbella rosacea, Gould.

Manual, v, . 223

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 349

PAGE.
Homotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 264,

1877. = Daphnella, Sect. . 160

Hondurasensis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 194
Hormophora (Pleurotoraa), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

p. 457, 1881, 299

Hornbeckii (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 248
Hottentota (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 208, 191
Humilis (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 193, pi.

19, f. 20, . 203

Hyalina (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, 301
Hypsela (Mangilia), Watson, Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 433,

1881, 249

Igniflua (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 1 13, 302
Immaculata (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875,

p. 142, . ... ... 306

Impages (Drillia), Adams and Reeve. Zool.Voy. Samarang,

p. 39, t. 9,f 1 a, 6, . . . • 184

Imperfectum (Pleurotoma), Folin, Meleagrinicoles, p. 60,

pi. v, f. 17, . v • 250

Imperialis (Clavatula), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 91, . 229
Implicata (Clavatula), Reeve. P. Z. S., 1845, p. 110, . . 230
Impressa (Bela), Verrill. Proc.U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 365,

1880. = B. incisula, Verrill.
Impressa (Bela), Beck. Morch, Moll. Spitzb., No. 31 ; Ann.

Soc. Mai. Belg., iv, 21, 1869, 220

Impressa (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 21, pi. 6, f.

23, 24 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, .... 189
Incerta (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p.

496, . 211

Incilis (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 425, . . 212
Incincta (Pieurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, 438,

1881, 307

Incisa (Drillia). Opt. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865,

• p. 62, . 182

Incisa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843.

= D. Maravignse, Bivona. Reeve, Corrections.
Incisula (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 461, pi.

xliii. f. 12; pi. Ivii, f. 14. = B. decussata, Couth., var. 217
Inconstans (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875,

xv, p. 417, . . . - 212

Incrassata (Pleurotoma), Dujardin. Mem. Geol., ii, p. 292,

t. 20, f. 28. = D. Maravignse, Bivona.
Incrassata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p.

138. = D. Bottse, Val 192

350 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Incrusta (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876,

p. 136. = C. Letourneuxiana, Crosse, .... 286
Indica (Pleurotoma), Deshayes. Voy. Indes-Orient, p. 421,

pi. ii,f. 9-10, . ... ... 168

Indistincta (Mangilia), Monterosato. Nuov. Revista, p. 43;

Enum. Conch., 107. ? = M. Bertrandi, Payr. . . .244
Inepta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.', 1882, 217, .248
Inermis (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37, . 182
Inflata (Clathurella), Crist, et Jan. Monts. Nuova Revista, 274
Inflata (Pleurotoma), PMlippi. Moll. Sicil., i, 197, t. 11, f.

24. = P. Leufroyi, Michaud.
Inflexa (Clathurella), Martens. Mittheil., iir p. 108, pi. 21,

figs. 10-12, . .280

Infrasulcata (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila.,

1873, p. 220, pi. 2, f. 35. = C. cavernosa, Reeve, . . 290
Inquinata (Pleurotoma^, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.

117, ... 304

Insculpta (Mangilia), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863,

p. 420, pi. 37, f. 8, . . . 256

Insculpta (Pleurotoma), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,

i, p. 189, . . 319

Insignis (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5

ser., xii, 120, 1883. = PL circinata, Dall, . . .316
Intaminata (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861,

p. 339, . .271

Intercalaris (Defrancia), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1*56, p. 163, 299
Interfossa (Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, p.

29, xv, 310

Interlirata (Mangilia), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac., iv, p. 226,

pi. l,f. 10, . . . . 249

Intermaculata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p.

193, pi. 19, f. 19, .... ... 202

Intermedia (M. linearis, var.), Forbes and Hanley, iii, 471.

= M. linearis, Mont., var.
Interpunctata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1882, p. 207, . 191

Interrupta (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 265
Interrupta (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., I860, p.

147, .... . . .307

Interrupta (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii^ p. 92, . 181
Interrupta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= P. astricta, Reeve, ....... 241

Interstriata (Cythara), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii,

p. 538, pi. xxx, f. 11, 1876, 272

Interstrigata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 208, 191

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 351

PAGE.

Intertincta (Drillia), Edg. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 497 201

Ipara (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool., ix, p. 57, 312
Isabella (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 73, . .318
Ischna (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 403,

1881, 242

Ishnula, Clark. = Bela, Leach.

Isseli (Cythara), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng, 1875, ii,
p. 94, pi. vii, p. 17, . . . 272

Jacksonensis (Daphnella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877,

p. 37. pi. v, tig. 10, 311

Japonica (Lachesis), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, v, p.

411 ; Zool. Proc., 1879, 198, t. 20, f. 29, . . . . 226
Japonica (Drillia), Lischke. Mai. Blat., xvi, p. 105 ; Jap.

Meer. Conch., p. 32, 1869, 202

Japonicus (Fusus), Gray. = Columbarium Pagoda.
Javana (Pleupotoma), Kien. and Reeve (not Linn.).

= P. tornata, Dill .237

Javana (Surcula), Linn. Ed. xiii, p. 3541, . . . 237

Jayana (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr., p. 61.

== D. zebra, Lam.
Jeffreysii (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p.

417, 177

Jelskii (Pleurotoma), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xiii, p. 33,

pi. i, f. 6, 7. = P. Yirgo, Lam. . ... 168

Jenisseensis (Pleurotoma', Leche. Kongl. So. Yet. Akad.

Hand. Bd. 16, No. 2, p. 56. = var. B. pyramidalis, Strom., 216
Jessoensis (Bela), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv,

p. 419, 223

Jewetti (Clathurella), Stearns. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873,

p. 346, 277

Jickelii (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., t. 4, f. 2, 3,

1876, 164

Jubata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37, 171

Kaderlyi (Surcula), Lischke. Mai. Blat., xix, p. 100, . . 239
Kennicotti (Drillia), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 102, pi.

16, f. 2, 1871, ... 209

Kieneri (Pleurotoma), Doumet. Mag. de Zool. Moll., 1834,

pi. x. = P. carinata, Gray.
Kieneri (Pleurotoma), Maravigna. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc.,

1840. = B. rufa, Mont. . 224

Kingensis (Daphnella), Petterd. Jour, of Conch., ii,p. 102, 306
Kobelti (Bela), Yerk. Nach. Mai. Gesell., 1876, p. 17, No. 8.

= B. decussata, Couth., var 217

352 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Kraussii (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,
1877, p. 500, . 234

Labecula (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. 8,

p. 281, 271

Labiosa (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 731,

pi. Ixxv, f. 9, 292

Lachesis, Risso. Hist. Nat. Ear. Merid.,iv,211, 1826, . 156, 224
Lactea (Defrancia), Moller. Reeve, Icon., sp. 324.

= Bela Molleri, Reeve.
Lactea (Pleurotoma \ Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186.

= P. tricarinata, Reeve, 289

Lacunosa ^Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii,

33$, 299

Laeta (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, . . 186
Laevigata (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 98, t. 16,

f. 7, 1871. = B. Schantarica, Midd.
Lsevigata (Pleurotoma), Phil. Enum. Mol. Sic., i, p. 199, pi.

xi, f. 17, ii, 169. = D. nebula, Montg. . . . .307
Lsevior (Bela), Leche. Kongl. So. Vet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 16,

No. 2, p. 55. = var. B. pyramidalis. Strom. . . .216
Lsevis (Drillia), Button. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p. 12, . 212
Lsevisculpta (Taranis), Monts. Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital., vi, 75,

1880, . 316

Lsevisulcata (Crassispira), H. F. von Maltzan. Jahr. Malac.

Geseli., 1883, 122, t. 3, f. 6. == D. coccinata, Reeve.
Lallemantiana (Clathurella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865,

p. 423. = C. Letourneuxiana, Crosse, var., t. 11, f. 5, . 286
Lamberti (Drillia), Montr. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iv, 117,

t. 2, f. 10, 1860, 198

Lamellata (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, 265
Lanceolata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 66, 271
Lanceolata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, 181
Lan^uida (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.

lf5, 296

Laqueata (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 280, 1846, . 246
Laterculata (Pleurotoma), G. B. Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1870, p. 253, . ... . 166

Latifasciata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870,

p. 253 = D. Japonica, Lischke.
Latisinuata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 494, 177

Latizonata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,212, 199
Lauta (Drillia), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 220, pi. 15,

f. 18, 206

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 353

PAGB.

Lavalleana (Pleurotoma), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 174, t. 24,

f. 7-9. = C. Antillarum, d'Orb. . .279

La Vise (Fusus , Calcara. Cenno sui Moll, della Sic., 37, t.

4, f. 20. = Pleurotoma aneeps, Eich. . . . 313

La Vise (Pleurotoma), Phil. Enum. Mol. Sic., ii, p. 170, pi.

xxvi, f. 9. = PI. purpureum, Mont., . . 295

Lefebvrei (Buccinum), Maravig. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 325.

= Lachesis minima, Montagu, . . . 225

Lelieuri (Clavatula), Recluz. Jour. Conch., ii, p. 210 t. 5,

f. 7, 1851, - 228

Lemniscata (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. R. A. S.,

Ceylon Branch, 1869. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 92, pi.

vii', f. 11, • 297

Lepta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, p. 391,

1881, • 242

Letourneuxiana (Daphnella), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N.

Z. = C. Sinclair!, E. A. Smith, . . 283

Letourneuxiana (Mangilia), Crosse. Jour, de Couch., 1865,

p. 425, pi. 11, f. 7, 286

Leuckarti (Mangilia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 228.

= M. costulata, Bunker, 255

Leucocyma (Drillia), Ball. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 328, t. 10,

f. 8, 1883. = D. zebra, Lam., var.
Leucolabratum (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p.

55, pi. v, f. 13, . . . . . . 250

Leucomata (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus, Comp. Zool., ix, 63,

1881, .213

Leucophlegma (Daphnella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,

ix, 70, . 306

Leucostoma (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. xxxi, f.

278. = B. decussata, Couth. ... .217

Leucotropis (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. Toy. Sama-

rang, t. 10, f. 7. =^= P. oxytropis, Sowb. . . 169

Leufroyi (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord.,

pi. 2, f. 5 and 6, . . 276

Levidensis (Mangilia), Cpt. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,

1865, p. 63 . .251

Levukensis (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p.

432, 1881, . . . .261

Lienardia, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, viii, xl,

1884. = Glyphostoma, Uabb, .271

Ligata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. H. and A. Adams, Genera,

i, 100, 249

Limacina (Daphnella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix,

p. 55, 102, 306

354 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Limonitella (Drillia), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 329. t. 10,

f. 10, 1883, ... . 320

Lincta (Plenrotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 442,

1881, 312

Linearis (Clathurella), Montagu. Test. Brit., p. 261, pi. 9,

f. 4, 276

Lineata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, . 253
Lineata (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 93, . 231
Lineolata (Lachesis), Tiberi. Jour, de Conch., 1868, p. 76,

pi. v, f. 5, 225

Lineolata (Clathurella), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 337, 295
Lirata (Mitromorpha), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 3d ser.,

xv, 322, 1865, . . 317

Lirata (Pleurotoma), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 68,

1868, . . 169

Lirata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, 296
Lirata (Pusionella), A. Adams, Zool. Proc., 73, 1853.

?= P. Milleti, Petit, .235

Lissotropis (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,

ix, 58, . . 312

Lithocolleta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

441, 1881, 312

Livida (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, . 253
Livida (Pleurotoma), Moller. Moll. Groenl.,p. 14.

= B. bicarinata, Couth. . . . . . 215

Lividus (Strom bus), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 746.

? = Pleurotoma auriculifera, Lam.
Loeviana (Mangilia), Forbes. Reeve, Icon., f. 290, 1845.

= D. costulata, Blainv 309

Longispira (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 190,

pi. 19, f. 14, . .202

Lophoessa (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 252,

1882, 212

Loprestiana (Drillia), Calcara. Nuov. Sp. Conch. Sicil., 7,

1841 ; Monterosato, II. de Conch., xxii, 278, . . .209
Lota (Cythara), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 339, 271
Lucida (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,

1875, pt. ii, p. 84, pi. viii, f. 15, ... . 257

Luctuosa (Mangilia), d'Orb. Sagra. Hist. N. Cuba, ii, p. 172,

1846, pi. xxiii,f. 29-31, 246

Luctuosa (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40, . 195
Luhdorfi (Genotia), Lischke. Mai. Blatt., xix, p. 100, . 175
Lupinus (Fusus), Philippi. Abbild., Hi, 118, 1850.

= Pusionella Milleti, Petit, 235

Lurida (Pleurotoma), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang

Moll., p. 40, pi. x, f. 5. == P. Javaria, Linn. . . .237

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 355

PAGE.

Lutea (Borsonia), Pease. Zool. Proc., 143, 1860, . . 227
Lntea (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 340, 261
Lnteofasciata (Defrancia), Button. Jour, de Conch., It,

1878. = M. Sinclair}, E. A. Smith.
Luteo-fasciata (Pleurotoina), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 114. = Mangilia albovittata, C. B. Ad. . . .248
Lutescens (Mangilia), Reeve. Corrections, Conch. Icon. .253
Lyciaca (Bela , Forbes, Reeve, Conch. Icon.,sp. 160, 1844, 221
Lymneiformis (Daphnella), Kiener. Pleurotoma, 62, t. 22,

f. 3, . . . , , . . . . .300

Lyra (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc, Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59.

= M. citharella, Lam 257

Lyratum (Pleurotoma), Pfr. (Gm.) Kritisches Register,

p. vii 319

Lyrica (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, . 268
Lysidia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26,

f. 15, 16, .... .... 198

Macandrewi (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

802, 307

MacCoyi (Cythara), Petterd. Jour, of Conch., ii, p. 103, . 271
Macgillivrayi (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contrib., p. 54.

= Bela Trevelyana, Turton.
Macleayi (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc, Linn. Soc. N. S.

Wales,i, 157, 299

Macra (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 437, 1881, 249
Macrostoma (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 362, 279
Maculata (Achatina), Swains. Exotic Conch., p. 27.

— E[alia Priamus, Meuschen, 318

Maculata (Defrancia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 62, 299
Maculata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 259
Maculosa (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1862, p. 242 ; Am. Jour. Conch., Hi, p. 219, pi. 15, f. 16.

= C, felina, Hinds, 293

Maculosa (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 148, 307
Maculosa (Surcula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, 236
Magellanica (Daphnella), Phil. Mai. Blatt, xv, p. 223, . 306
Magellanica (Drillia Patagonica, var.), Martens. Sitzb.

Bed., 77, 1881, 208

Major (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 59, . .178
Makimonos (Oligotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool.

France, 1883, 198, t. 10, f. 4, 319

Malleti (Clathurella), Reel. J. Conch., 1852, p. 254, t. 10, f. 2, 297
Mamillata (Lachesis), Risso. Hist., t. iv, p. 211, f. 65.

= L, minima, Montg, ,...,.. 225

356 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Mandarina (Pleurotoma), Smith. Marrat, Jour, of Conch.,

i, 240. = P. pluteata, Reeve, 240

Mangilia, Risso, em. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 219, 1826, 158
Mangiliella, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85,

1883. = Mangilia, Risso.

Mangiliinse, 153

Manrum (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 497. - D. Buchanani, Hutton.

Maravignae (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Gen. Posth., p. 13, . 199
Margaritifera (Mangilia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 354, 1846, 258
Marginelloides (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 60, . . . 261

Mariei (Drillia), Crosse. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 178, 1869;

Jour. Conch., p. 67, pi. ii, f. 5, 1872, . . . .190

Marmarina (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 429,

1881, . 191

Marmorata (Daphnella), Hinds. Moil. Voy. Sulph., p. 25,

pi. 7, f. 19 302

Marmorata (Pleurotoma), Brug. Enc. Meth., t. 439, f. 6.

= P. tigrina, Lam.

Marmorata (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Yert., vii, p. 95, 165
Marmorosa (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846. p. 64, 272
Martensi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. -S. Beng.,

1875, ii, p. 91, pi. vii, f. 8, 291

Masoni (Clathurella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc., 1875, t. 7, f. 7, 293
Mastersi (Drillia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,

i, p. 153, 1877, . ... 212

Massena (Murex), Chiaje (non Risso). Mem., t. xlix, f.

17-19. = Lachesis candidissima, Phil 225

Maura (Pleurotoma), Kien. Coq. Viv., p. 59, pi. 23, f. 1

(not Sowb.). = D. aterrima, Sowb.

Maura (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, . 181
Mediocris (Drillia), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. 108, pi. xii, f.

11, 1863, ... 187

Mediofasciata (Mangilia nebula, var.), von Maltzan. Jahr.

Mai. Gesell., 1883, t. 3, f. 12, p. 132, = D. nebula, Mtg. 308
Melanacme (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 213, 199
Melanostoma (Cithara), Garrett. = M. angicostata, Reeve, 252
Melatorna, Swainson. Malac., 202, 342, 1840.

= Clionella, Gray.
Melchersi (Pleurotoma), Menke. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851, p. 20.

= D. aterrima, Sowb.

Menkei (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 75, . . 318
Meredithiae (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas.^ 1875, p.

142, 261

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 357

Meridionalis (Lachesis), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p.

28, pi. iv, f. 3, 226

Merita (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42 ;

Voy. Sulphur, 21, t. 6, f. 20, . . .280

Mesochilostoma, Seely. = Clavatula.
Metcalfei (Drillia), Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 113,

pi. 13, f. 16. = D. Sinensis, Hinds.
Metcalfei (Mangilia), Thorpe. Brit. Mar. Conch., p. xlvi.

= M. costata, Forbes and Hanley.
Metcalfei (Pleurotoma), Hanley. Petit, Shells Eur., 152.

= M. nebula, Montg.
Metcalfiana (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 114, . . . 288

Metula (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44 ;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 23, pi. 7, f. 12, 269

Mica (Mangilia), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1849, p. 31, . . 261
Micans (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43 ;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 22, pi. 7, f. 5, . . . . 290

Micans (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. ii,

p. 23, . . . , 319

Microstoma (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 210, 199
Militaris (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 38, . 181
Milium (Mangilia), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851. p. 79, . . 271
Millegrana (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. AN. S., Phila.,

1873, p. 230, pi. 3, f. 59, 303

Millestriata (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Ma^. N. H., 1882,217, 248
Milleti (Pusionella), Petit. Jour, de Conchyl., ii, 77, t. 1,

f. 6, 1851, 235

Mindanensis (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 493, . .211

Minima (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 6, t. 5, f. 35, 36.

? = B. rufa, Montg 224

Minima (Lachesis), Montagu. Test. Brit., tab. viii,f. 2, 1803, 224
Minor (Defrancia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,

ii, p. 4, 299

Minnta (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Icon, sp., 158, 1844, 309
Minuta (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1876, p.

136, . 210

Minutissima (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873,

p. 218, pi. ii, f. 30, 207

Minutistriata (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,213, 261
Minutum (Pleurotoma), Aradas, 1847.

= P. anceps, Eich.

Mitneformis (Genotia), Wood. Index. Test. Sup., pi. v, f. 5, 174
Mitraeformis (Zafra), A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860,

vi, p. 332, 313

358 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Mitralis (Bela), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 420, 223
Mitrella (Genotia), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 56,

1881, 175

Mitromorpha, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p. 322.

= S. G. of Daphnella, 161,317

Mitrula (Bela), Verrill. Proc. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 366.

= B. concinnula, var. acuta, Verrill, .... 221
Mitrula (Pleurotoma), Loven. Sars, Moll. Norv., 233, t. 23,

f. 9. ? = B. turricula, Monts:. 219

Mitrus (Murex), Wood. Ind. Test. Sup., pi. v, f. 5.

= Pleurotoma raurieata, Lam.
Modesta (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 38,

pi. v, f. 15, 285

Modesta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 136, 1833.

= P. cincta, Lam. . 242

Modesta (Pleurotoma). Weinkauff. Kuster, Conch. Cab., 44,

t. 9, f. 9. = P. astricta, Reeve, 241

Modica (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 213, . 261
Modiolus (Pleurotoma), Jan. Cat., p. 10, n. 17, 1832.

= Spirotropis carinata, Phil .213

Mcesta (Drillia), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 3d ser., xv,

1865, p. 366, . ... 183

Molleri (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xxxv, f. 324,

1846. ? = B. concinnula, Verrill, 221

Monastiche (Pleurotoma), Menke, MS. in coll, et litt.

= P. pulchra, Gray.
Monile (Clavatula), Valen. Kien., Coq. viv., p. 52, t. 15,

f . 3 , . 232, 242

Monilifera (Columbella), Sowb/ Zool. Proc., 1844; Man.

Conch., v, 149. = Clathurella, . . . . .278
Monilifera (Turris), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860. p. 398 ;

Am. Jour. Conch., v, 68, 1870. = P. gemmata, Hinds.
Moniliger (Pleurotoma), Cantraine. Petit, Cat. Shells Eur.,

154. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara.
Moniliopsis, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 143, 1865.

= Drillia.
Monoceros (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

449, .315

Montereyensis (Drillia), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., v,

p. 80, pi. i,f. 2, .184

Montrouzieri (Mangilia), Souv. Jour. Conch., 2d ser., iv,

370 ; 3d ser., i, 275, pi. xi, f. 7, . . 273

Moquiniana (Drillia), Montr. Jour. Conch., 1874, p. 193, pi.

vii, f. 5, . . . . . . . . . 207

Morchi (Pieurotoma), Leche, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand.,

16, ii, p. 57, t. 1, f. 18. = Bela Schantarica, Midd.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 359

PAGE.

Morchi (Pleurotoma), Malm. Goteborgs. Yet. o Yitt. Samh.

HdL, 1863, viii, t. 2, fig. 15, 315

Moretonica (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

299, 299

Morra (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 69,

1881, 213

Mucronata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, . 198
Multicostata (Bela), Yerkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v, p. 227,

1878 222

Multilineare (Pleurotoma), Brown. = M. linearis, Mont.
Multilineata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H., ii, p. 3. = M. polyzonata, H. and A. Ad. . . 248
Multilineolata (Raphitoma), Brusina. Contr., p. 65.

= Mangilia ru<rulosa, Phil.

Multilineolata (Mangilia), Desh. Exp. Moree, pi. 19, f. 46, 244
Multilirata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 496, ... .211

Multiplicata (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Ic., pi.

40, f. 364. = Lachesis minima, Montg. .... 225
Multiseriata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 471, ... . ... 174

Muricnta (Clavatula), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 91, . . 229
Muricoides (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Contr. Conch., 65, . 248
Muricoides (Pleurotoma), Blv. Faune Franc. , iii, t. 4, f. 7.

= P. linearis, Mont.
Mutica (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43;

Moll. Yoy. Sulph , pi. 7, f. 10, .... .286

Mystica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.

183. = Clavatula muricata, Lam 229

Nagasakiensis (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

p. 190, t. 19, f. 13, 286

Nana (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65.

= M. cincta, Reeve, ........ 259

Nana (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Nuova Revista, 43.

= Mangilia Yauquelini, Payr., var. ..... 243

Nana (Thesbia), Loven. Ind. Moll. Scand., 12, . . . 315
Nanum (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., pi. 26, f. 11.

— D. turgida, Forbes, 308

Nassoides (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Pleurotoma, sp.

259, ' 296

Nebula (Pleurotoma), Montagu, Test. Brit., 267, pi. 16. f.

6, 1883, ' . 307

Nebulosa (Borsonia), Pease. Zool. Proc., 143, 1860, . . 228
Neglecta (Defrancia), C. B. Ad. Panam. Sh., 149, 1852.

= C. despecta, H. and A. Ad 299

24

360 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Neglecta (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sul., p. 20, pi. 6,

f. 14, 267

Nellise (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 489, 174

Ne^sea, Risso. Nat. Hist. Eur. Merid., iv, 223, f. 69, 1826 ;

Tiberi, Jour, de Conch., 74, 1868. = Lachesis, Risso.
Netrum, Philippi. Abbild., iii, 118, 1850.

= Pusionella, Gray.

Nexa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, 287
Nifat (Pusionella), Brug. Diet., No. 56, . . . 235

Nigerrima (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 137, 1833, . 196
Nigra (Bela), Mich. Gal. Douai., 1, 446, t. 35, f. 5/6.

= B. rufa, Mont. . . ... 224

Nigrescens (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc.

N. H., Jan., 1845, p. 3. = D. fuscescens, Gray.
Nigrescens (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 235,

Nov., 1845. = P. nigrescens (C. B. Ad.). Contr., 54.
Nigrocincta (Borsonia), Montrouzier. J. de Conch., 1872,

p. 362, and 1873, pi. iv, fig. 2, p. 56, . . . 228

Nigrozonata (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,

66, t. 13, f. 2. = D. unizonalis, Lamarck.
Niponica (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p.

187, t. 19, f. 7, 172

Nitens (Mangiiia), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p. 394.

= D. variegata, var., Cpt. ...... 300

Nitens (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 20, pi. 6,

f. 17. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, .... 253

Nitida (Drillia), Kiener. Iconog., pi. 27, f. 4, . . . 199
Niticla (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= P. variculosa, Sowb.

Nivalis (Bela), Loven. Index Moll. Scand., 14, . . 223

Nivea (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851, p. 92, . . 319
Nivea (Turris), Martini. Conch. Vol., iv, 143.

= Pleurotoma Virgo, Wood.
Nobilis (Bela), Moll. Moll. Groan., p. 12.

= B. turricula, var., Mont 219

Nobilis (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., pi. 5, f. 1

and 2. = P. oxytropis, Sowb.

Nodata (Drillia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 64, . 200
Nodifera (Drillia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 145, . 212
Nodifera (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 96.

= P. Javana, Linn. ........ 237

Nodilirata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 494, . 211

Nodosum (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 58, pi.

v, f. 15, 299

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 361

PAGE.

Nodulosa (Drillia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 279, 212
Nodulosa (Raphitoma), Jeffreys. Kept. Brit. Assoc., 113,

1873, .... 312

Normalis (Bela Blakeana, var.), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp.

Zool., ix, 54, 1881, 222

Novge-Hollandiae (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 62, 266

Novse-Zelandiee (Drillia), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 143, 1843, 184
Novaja-semljensis (Bela), Leche. Kgl. Sv. Vet. Akad.,

Handlinoar xvi, 2, 53, t. 1, f. 15, 215

Nucleata (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 62,

1881, . 212

Nuperrima (Mangilia), Tiberi. Des. Nuov. Test. Medit., p.

14, pi. 2, f. 9, 307

Nux (Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 233

Obeliscus (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64.

= M. hexagonalis, Reeve, ...... 251

Obeliscus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110, 205
Obesa (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,

1873, p. 221, pi. 2, f. 36, . . 273

Obesa (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch: Icon., errata, . . 262

Obesa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 33, 1843, . 231
Obesicostata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. xxxix,

f. 265. == Mangilia Guarani, Orb. . . . .247

Obliqua (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 226, t. 16, f. 6, 1878, . 219
Obliqua (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318
Obliquata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115.

Smith, Zool. Proc., 1879, p. 191, 203

Obliquicostata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.

110, ... . .... 204

Oblongus (Murex), Brocchi. Conch, foss. subap., 430, t. 9,

f. 19. = P. gracilis, Mont 312

Obnubila (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,

1848, p. 24, . 319

Obtusa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6, 294
Obtusicostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

304, ... 274

Obvelata (Drillia), Carpenter. = D. nigerrima, Sowb.,var.
Occata (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, 280
Occidentalis (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 357, 279
Ocellata (Lienardia), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

viii,xl, 1884, 274

Octangulata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 234, . 283
Oleacina (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 66,

1881, .213

362 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Oligotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pi. 2, p. 235,

1877. = Genotia, Section, . . ... . 154

Olivacea (Surcula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 136, 237
Olyra (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, 306
Onager (Mangilia), Souverbie. Jour. Conch., 1875, p. 286,

pi. xiii, f. 4, 272

Opalina (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 215, . 26L
Opalus (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, . 253
Ornata (Citharopsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 97, 18B*.

= Columbella Garretti, Try on. Vol. v, 166.
Ordinaria (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 216, 250
Ornata (Pleurotoma), d'Orb. Ramon de la Sagra's Cuba,

ii, p. 171, t. 23, f. 26-28. = D. zebra, Lam.
Ornata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Vo}^. Sulph., p. 25. pi.

7, f.21, . .302

Oryza (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 46;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 26, pi. ix, f. 4, . . . 259

Ostrearum (Drillia), Stearns. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv,

p. 22, 1872, 197

Otocheilus, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i. 24, 1865.

= Cythara.
Ovalis (Bela), Friele. Prel. Rept. Moll Norw. Exp., p. 9,

1876; Jahr. Mai. Ges., 4, 263, 223

Owenii (Surcula), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 70, 1843, 242
Oxyclathrus(Clathurella), Martens. Mitth. i,p. 41, pi. 9,f. 1, 283
Oxytropis (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . 168

Pachia (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 460,

1881, . 299

Paciniana (Pleurotoma), Calcara. Ricer. Malacol. Palermo,

1839, p. 7,f. 2, . . 243

Packardii (Pleurotoma), Verrill. Am. Jour. Sc., v, p. 15,

1872, 316

Pseteliana (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., 61, pi. 12,

f. 7, 8, 169

Pagoda (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5.

= D. turris, Reeve.
Pagodoides (Fusus), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 382.

1882. = Columbarium, 320

Pagoda (Columbarium), Lesson. 111. Zool., pi. 40, 1831, . 175
Pagoda (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 1 14, . 210
Palliata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, . 204
Pallida (M. linearis, var.), Forbes and Hanley, iii, 472.

= M. linearis, Mont., var.

Pallida (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, . 254
Pallida (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 137, . 196

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 363

PAOK. _

Pandionis (Pleurotomella), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

iii, p. 368, 1880, 316

Papalis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843.

= G. Mitraeformis, Wood, 175

Papillaris (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42, 256
Papillosa (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873,

p. 218, pi. 2, fig. 29, . ". 207

Papuensis (Clathurella), Tap.-Can. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., iii,

p. 247, - 299

Papyracea (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p.

450, 1881, 315

Paradoxa (Belomitra), Fischer. Jour. Conch., 1882, p. 275, 224
Pardalis (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., 22, pi. 7, f.

1 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42, . . 195

Paria (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5.

= D. fucata, Reeve.
Partita (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 36, f. 330.

= P. striata, Hinds.

Parvula (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, 288
Patagonica (Drillia), d'Orb. Moll. Am. Mer., 446, pi. 77, f.

15, 16 ; Martens, Mittheil., i, 36, t. 8, f. 3, . . . 208
Patruelis (Clavatula), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., xv,

p. 419, 1875; Zool. Proc., 188, t. 19, f. 10, 1879, . . 230
Patula (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113.

= D. Lymneiformis, Kiener, ...... 300

Paucicostata (Cithara), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p.

217, 1867, . ... . 271

Paucicostata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860,

p. 144, 299

Paupera (Surcula), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 411, 1881, 239
Paxillus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1845. p. 117 . 194
Payraudeauti (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Mittelm., ii,

137. = D. attenuata, Mont. . . . . . .309

Peaseana (Pleurotoma), Dunk. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 158, . 165
Peasei (Clathurella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng., 1875,

pt. 2, 87. — M. rubida, Hinds, 271

Pelagia (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,ix, 61, 312
Pellis-phocae (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 115, . . 225

Pellucicla (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, 266
Pellyi (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 218, . 261
Pelorius (Pleurotoma), Chiereghini.

= P. gracilis, Montagu, 312

Penicillata (Pleurotoma), Cpr. Jl. de Conch, xiii, p. 146,

1865. = D. inermis, Hinds, 182

364 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Pentagonalis (Mangilia), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp.

255, 1845, 246

Peradmirabilis (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool Soc., 1879, p.

189, t. 19, f. 12, 201

Peregrina (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,

1861,337, . 299

Peripla (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 68, 1881, 213
Perlata (Lachesis), Morch. Mai. Blatt.. vii, p. 104, . . 226
Perlata (Pleurotoma), Lesson. Revue Zool., 1842, p. 143, . 319
Perlatum (Pleurotoma), Requien. Coq. Corse, p. 75, 101.

= Lachesis minima, Montg. \ 225

Perparva (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

469, 1881, ... 299

Perpauxilla (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

468, 1881, 299

Perplexa ( Clathurella \ G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng.,

1875, pt. ii. p. 89, pi. vii, f. 5, 293

Perron (Murex), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 164, f. 1573, . . 232
Perrona, Schumacher. Essai Nov. Syst., 218, 1817.

= Clavatula, S. G. . . 157, 231

Perronii (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183.

= Clavatula perron, Chemn 232

Perversa (Surcula), Gabb. Proc. Cal. A. N. S., 1865, p. 183 ;

Pal. Cal.,ii, 6, t. 1, f. 10, . . . 239

Pessulata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 260
Pessulata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 185, . . . .... 311

Petitii (Pleurotoma), Maravigna. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1840.

= B. secalina, Phil 223

Phaeacra (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 423, 1881, 212
Phallus (Buccinum), Gmelin. Linn., ed. xiii, p. 3503.

= P. sinuata, Born.
Philberti (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord.,

pi. 3, f. 2 and 3. = P. purpureum, Mont. . . .275
Philipineri (Pleurotoma), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas.,

1876, p. 136, 167

Philippiana (Daphnella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt, xviii, p. 164.

= D. delicata, Reeve, 301

Philippii (Raphitoma), Weink. M. M. Conch., ii, p. 145.

= Pleurotoma Sicula, Reeve.
Philippinensis (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 184, 287

Philomena (Clathurella), T.-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875,

p. 141, 299

Pica (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181, . . 190
Picta (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 160, . . 293

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 365

Picta (Mangilia), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 419,

1863, pi. 37, f. 7, ........ 256

Picta (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Mus. King. Denmark;

Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 16, 1843, ..... 163
Picturata (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., 73, pi. 2,

f. 10, pi. 14, f. 1-3, 1876, ....... 164

Pingelii (Bela), M. Her. Ind. Moll. Grcenl., p. 13, 1842, . 217
Pinguis (Olathur^lla), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873,

p. 221, pi. 2, f. 38. = C. Malleti, Recluz, . . .297
Piperata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. B., 1882,298, 299
Planilabroides (Mangilia-), Try on, ..... 263
Planilabrum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p.

63. = M. planilabroides, Tryon, ..... 263
Planilabrum (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 182, . . ........ 263

Platamodes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

447, 1881, .... ..... 315

Platia (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 253, 1882.

= D. lophoessa, var.
Platycheila (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

214, ....... . 261

Platystoma (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 501, .... .... 234

Plebeia (Pleurotoma) Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 395, . 242
Pleurotoma, Lamarck. Prodrom., 1799, . . . 154, 162
Pleurotomaria (Bela), Couth. Bost. Jour. N. H., ii, p. 107,

pi. 1, f. 9, 1838. = B. pyramidalis, Strom. . . .215

Pleurotomella, Yerrill. Am. Jour. Sc., 3d ser., v, p. 15, 1873.

= Daphnella, Sect. . . 161, 316

Pleurotomidae, ......... 151

Pleurotominse, ........ 153, 162

Plicata (Clathurella), C. B. Adams. Bost. Jour. Nat. H., iii,

p. 318, pi. 3, fig. 6, ..... . 277

Plicatum (Pleurotoma), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., i, p. 118, t. 9,

f. 15. = Mangilia Sicula, Reeve, juv ..... 244
Plicifera (Pleurotoma), Wood. Crag. Moll., i, p. 64, t. vii,

f. 15 ; Leche. Kongl. Sv. Yet. Akad. Handlingar, Bd. 16,

No. 2,58, .. . .... 222

Plicosa (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contrib., p. 54.

= C. plicata. C. B. Adams, . . . . . .277

Plnmbea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, 300
Pluricarinata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 117, .......... 304

Pluteata (Surcula), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183, 240
Polita (Pleurotoma), Brusina. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

1865. = M. nebula, Montg.

366 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Polita (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, 311
Polita (Zafra), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.,

1875, ii,p. 97, pi. viii, f. 5, ...... 314

Polygonalis iDrillia), Weinkauff. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,

119, t.21,f. 7,9, 187

Polynesiensis (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Z >ol. Soc., 1845,

p. 119, 291

Polytorta (Drillia), Pall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 61, 1881, 212
Polyzonata (Mangilia), H. and A. Ad. Genera, i, . . 248
Polyzonatum (var. of Pleurotoma minutum), Brugnone.

Pleur. toss., t. 1, f. 10. = P. auceps, Eich. . . .313
Ponderosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. vi, f. 44, . 262
Pouloensis(01igotoma),Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

1883, 199 319

Pourtalesii (Pleurotoma), Pall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool.,ix, 60, 312
Prattii (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 498, 212
Priamus, Beck. Deshayes, Lam. edit., ii, viii, 299, 1838.

= Halia, Risso.
Priamus (Halia), Meuschen. Cat. Mus. Gronov., No. 1355,

1778, 318

Priapus (Helix), Gmel., p. 3654, No. 198, 1788.

= Halia Priamus, Meuschen, ...... 318

Prismatica (Pleurotoma), Brugnone.

= P. costata, Forbes and Hanley.

Producta (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 298
Pruina ( Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 453, 315
Pseud o-carinata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 115, 254

Pseudotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, p. 209,

1877. = Genotia, Section, 154

Pudens (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 461,

1881, . . 299

Pudica (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph.,p. 20, pi. 6,f. 11,

12; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41,' 189

Pulchella (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873,

p. 219, pi. 3, f. 32. = C. purpurasceiis, Punker, . . 298
Pulchella (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 18GO, p.

144, .299

Pulchella (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 265
Pulchella (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, . 186
Pulchella (Taranis), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p.

368, 1880; Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 487, t. 57, f. 17, . . 315
Pulcherrima ( Clathurella), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872,

p. 14, pi. iii, f. 26, 289

Pulchra (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 351, 1846.

= D. zebra, Lain.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 367

PAGE.

Pulla(Bela), Reeve. Adams' Genera, i, 921, . . .228
Pumila (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc., p. 23, 1845, 298
Punctata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 103, . 299
Punctata(Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc.Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 111.

= P. tuberculata, Gray, . .... 237

Punctata (Pleurotoma), Schubert et Wagner. Suppl., p.

155, pi. 234, f. 4103, a, b. = P. tigrina/Lam.
Punctatostriata (Drillia), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856,

p. 164, 213

Puncticincta (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 115 290

Punctifera (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila.,

1873, p. 222, pi. 2, f. 39, 293

Punsrens (Clavatula), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861,

339, 299

Pungens (Pleurotoma), Monterosato.

= C. Cordieri, Payr., var. 275

Pupoidea (Zafra), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 14,

pi. iii, f. 27, 314

Pura (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861,339, 306
Pura (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, . 254
Purpurascens (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xvii, p. 160,

1871, . . ... 298

Purpurata (Pleurotoma), Souv. J. C., 2d ser., iv, 370, 1860 ;

Sdser., i, 276, pi. 11, f. 8, 1861, 298

Purpurea (Clathurella), Mont. Test. Brit., 260, t. 9, f. 13, 275
Pusilla (Bela), var, of B. decussata, Couth. Verrill, Tr. Conn.

Ac., v,481.

Pusilla (Borsonia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 163, . .228
Pusilla (Cythara),. Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 147, . 271
Pusilla (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 219,

pi. ii, f. 31. = D. exilis, Pease.
Pusilla (Mangilia), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 63, 1846.

= M. funebris, Reeve, 251

Pusillum (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., p. 13, pi. xxvi, f. 2.

= Mangilia multilineolata, Desh.
Pusio (Buccinum), Born. Mus. Caes.,p. 316.

= Pusionella Nifat, Brug. 235

Pusionella, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 137, 1847, . . 158, 234
Pustulata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p.

38, pl.v,f. 14, . . . 285

Pustulosum (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 56, pi.

v, f. 1, 298

Putillus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, . 200
Pygmaea (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 460, pi.

Ivii, f. 8. — B. decussata, Couth., var 217

368 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Pygmsea (Clathurella), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 63, 299

Pygmsea (Drillia), Bunker, 206

Pygmaea (Mangilia), Dkr. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 8, . . 257
Pyramid alls (Bela), Strom. Nov. Act. Dan., iii, p. 296, f. 22, 215
Pyramidalis (Mangilia), Reeve Iconica, pi. v, f. 13, . . 261
Pyramidata '(Drillia), Kiener. Coq. viv., 57, t. 21, f. 3, . 205
Pyramidatus (Fusus), Brown. Illust. Conch. Gt. Brit, 7,

t. 5, f. 8, 9, 1827. = Plenrotoma nebula, Montagu.
Pyramidula (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 115, . . 286

Pyramis (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42, 253
Pyrrha (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 409, 1881, 182

Quadrata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, 278
Quadrifasciata (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 251, 1845, 195
Qradrilineata (Defiancia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p.

64. ? = M. trilineatR, C. B. Ad. . . . . . 248

Quadrilirata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 208, 191
Quadrillum (Pleurotoma), Dujardin. Mem. Geol., iii, 291,

t. 20, f. 23. = C. clathrata, Marcel, . . . .276

Quadruplex (Pleurotoma , Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi,

p. 253, 1882, . . .234

Quisqualis (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 19, pi.

vi, f. 5 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, . . . . 257
Quoyi (Pleurotoma', Desh. Lam., 2d ed., ix, p. 346.

= D. Novae-Zelandiae, Reeve
Quoyi (Pleurotoma), Desmoulins. Rev. de Pleu., p. 61.

= P. monile, Val 232

Quoyi (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon , sp. 137, . . 242

Radula (Surcula), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 16, pi. 5, f.

9, 62 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 16, . . . 242

Radulaeformis (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., t. 19,

f. 7, 9. = P. radula, Hinds, . . . . . .242

Raffrayi (Pleurotoma), Tap.-Can. Bull. Soc Zool. Fr., iii,

p. 246, pi. vi,f. 1, 1878, . . 163

Ramsa}ri (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.

Wales,i, 157, .... .... 299

Raphitoma, Bellardi. Monog. Pleur. Foss., 1847.

= Daphnella, Sect 160

Rapulum (Pusionella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 83, 1846, . 235
Rarieostata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 192,

t. J9,f. 18, 202

Rava (Clathurella), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5,

f. 18, ... 296

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 369

PAGE,

Reeiproca (Pleurotoma), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p.

336, 1860, .171

Reclusianus (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 77, t. 1, f.

1, 1851. = Pusionella vulpina, Born. . . . 235

Recondita (Bela), Tiberi. = Plenrotoma torquata, Phil. . 275
Recondita (Lachesis), Brug. Misc. Malac., 1873, p. 10, f.

.15. — L vulpecula, Monts 225

Recurvirostris (Pusionella), Marrat. Quart. Jour, of Conch.,

i, 180, 236

Reeveana (Daphnella), Tryon, . ... 305

Reeveana (Pleurotoma), Desh. Moll. Bourbon., 106, pi. xii,

f. 5-7, 1863, . . .291

Reevei (Mangilia), Tryon, . .... 265

Reevei (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr., p. 54 (not Bel-

lardi). = P. violacea, Hinds.

Reflexa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1845, p. 114, 288
Regia (Drillia \Beck. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 75, 1843, . 201
Regularis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, . 189
Renieri (Pleurotoma), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., ii, t. 26, f. 22,

1844. = P. emendata, Monterosato.
Renieri (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Petit, Cat. Shells Eur., 154.

= D. Loprestiana, Calcara.
Reticosa (Clathurella), Ad. and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1863, p. 420, 281

Reticulata (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 262
Reticulata (Bela), Vahl. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 278.

= B. decussata, Couth. . . . . . . .217

Reticulata (Mangilia), Renieri. Tav. alf. Conch. Adriat.,

p. 2. = C. Cordieri, Payr 276

Reticulata (Pleurotoma), Brown. Brit. Shells, 1827.

= Bela Trevelyana, Turton, 221

Reticulata (Pleurotoma). Garr. Proc. Cal. Ac., vol. i, p. 102,

1857. = P. pumila, Migh 298

Reticulosa (Pleurotoma), "Smith. Ann. Mag. K H., 1882,

297, . . . 299

Retusa (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44 ;

Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 24, pi. 7, f. 16, . . 290

Retusispirata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N.

H., 490, 1877, . .... .170

Rhysa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 400,

1881, . . 242

Richard! (Cithara), Crosse. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 177,

1869) ; p. 65, pi. ii, fig. 3, 1872. = M. reticulata, Reeve. 262
Rigicla (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63.

= M. Yauquelini, Payr .243

370 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Rigida (Man^ilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 45 ;

Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 24, pi. 7, f. 18, 269

Rissoides (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 184, 281

Robillardi (Clathurella), Barcl. H. Ad., P. Z. S. 1869, p.

272, pi. 19, f. 2, 284

Robusta (Bela), Packard. Mem. Bost. Soc., i, p. 232, pi. vii,

f. 12 222

Robusta (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5,

f 12, 180

Robusta (Pieurotoma^ S. Y. Wood. == P. turricula, Mont. 219
Robusticostata (Mangtlia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

p. 198, t. 19, f. 28, 255

Rombergi (Pieurotoma), Morch. Jl. de Conch., vi, 28, t. 10,

f. 6, 1857. = P. picta, Beck, 164

Rosaeea (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 109, . 179
Rosaria (Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 3, . 233
Rosea (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 234, t. 23, f. 10, 1878.

= B. turricula, Mont 219

Rosea (Pieurotoma \ Brusina. Yerhand. zoo.-bot. Ges.,

Wien, 1865. = M. linearis, Mont.
Rosea (Pieurotoma), Quoy. Yoy de 1'Astr., p. 524, pi. 35,

f. 10, 11. = D. Novae-Zelandise, Reeve.

Rosea (Clathurella), Dunker. = C. Blanfordi, Nevill, . 291
Rosea (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, . 190
Roseotincta (Pieurotoma), Montrouzier. Jour, de Conch.,

1872, p. 361 ; 1873, pi. iv, f. 1, 272

Rosolina (Drillia), Marrat. Jour. Conch., i, 239, . . 190
Rossmassleri (Fusus), Anton. Yerzeichn., 126.

? = Pleur. Yauquelini, Pay 243

Rotundata (Pieurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,p.

393, 1881, . . 242

Rotundicostata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 493, ' 211

Rouaultia, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 223, 1877.

= Genotia, Sect. ........ 154

Rougeyroni (Pieurotoma), Souv. Jour. Conch., 1874, p.

187, pi. vii, f. 1. = D. Barcliensis, H. Adams.
Rubescens (Bela), Jeffreys. Proc. Roy. Soc., xxv, p. 183, 223
Rubida (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 40;

Moll. Yoy. Sulph., 18, pi. 6, f. 6, . . 271

Rubicunda (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii,

p. 338, 299

Rubiginosa (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 22, pi. 7,

f. 5; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, . > . . . .199

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 371

Rubinicolor (Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. Ill, ........ . .234

Rubricata(Clnthurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39,f.321, 1846, 279
Rubrifasciata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 110, . . . • • 229

Rubro-apicata (Pleurotoma , Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

269, ....... ... 319

Rubrocincta (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

1882, 305, ..... . ... 274

Rubro-guttata (Clathnrella), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1872, p. 14, pi. iii, f. 25. = C. tincta, Reeve, . . .292
Rude (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil.,i, 199, t. 11, f. 16.

= C. clathiata, Marcel de Serres, ..... 276
Rude (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 12, f. 17.

= C. Cordieri, Payr. . ...... 276

Rudis (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, . 191
Rufa (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., 263, ..... 224

Ruf'escens (Drillia), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 159, . 212
Rufinodis (Pleurotoma), Martens. Mauritius, p. 227, pi. 20,

f. 2. = G. granicostata, Reeve, ... . 287

Rnfocincta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 215, 249
Rufozonata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p.

38, pi. v, f. 13, . . ..... 285

Rufus (Fusus), Gould (non MontagA Inv. Mass., ed. i, p.

290, f. 192. = B. pyramidalis, Strom ..... 216
Rugifera (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833.

= D. nigerrima, Sowb.
Rugosa (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc., p. 23, 1845,

vol. ii, .......... 297

Rugulata (Bela), Moller, MSS. Sars, Moll. Norv., 230, t. 23,

f. 6. = B. turricula, Mont ....... 219

Rugulata (Bela), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 345, 1846.

= Pleurotoma bicarinata. Couth. ..... 215

Rugulata (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 366.

= B. Gouldii, Yerrill.
Rugulosa, var. (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Notizie, p. 52.

= M. Paciniana, Calcara.

Rugulosa (Mangilia), Philippi. Enum. Moll., 2, pi. 26, f. 8, 245
Rustica (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 74, . . 318
Rustica (Pleurotoma), P. P. Carp. Cat. Prov. (non Sowb.).

= D. aterrima, Sowb.
Rustica (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 138, 1833.

= D. nigerrima, Sowb.

Sacerdos (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.
110. = Clavatula muricata, Lam ...... 229

372 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Sacra (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Sop., 1845, p. Ill, . 201
Sancti Joannis (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N.

H., 1875, xv, p. 416.
Sandriana (Pleurotoma), Brusina. Contr., p. 65.

= P. Paciniana, Calcara.
Sandrii (Rhaphitoma), Brasilia. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges., 1865.

= M. Paciniana, Calcara, ,...,.. 243
Sandwicensis (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860,

p. 148, . . 307

Sarsii (Bela), Yen-ill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 364,

1880. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 484, . . 218

Saturata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.

113, . . . . . . . . . . .303

Saulcydiana (Drillia), Recluz, Jour, de Conch., ii, 209, t. 5,

f. 6, 1851. = D. umbilicata, Gray, 179

Scabra.( Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, 372, .276

= Pleqrotoma Cordieri, Payr.
Scabra (Pleurotoma), Sovverby. III. Index Brit. Shells, t. 1 9,

19, f. 13. = M. linearis, Mont.

Scacchii (Rhaphitoma , Beliardi. = PI. linearis, Mont.
Scalarina (Clathurella), Desh. Conch. Isle Reunion, 1863,

p. 109, . . ... . 296

Scalarinus (Fusus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 133.

= Pusionella nifat, Bru<*.
Scalaris (Bella), Pack. Can. Nat. and Geol., 1863.

= B. Americana, Packard.
Scalaris (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 39.

Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 18, pi. 6, f. 2, 287

Scalaris (Bela), Moil. Moll. Green., p. 12, 1842.

= B. turricula, Mont 219

Scalaris (Pleurotoma^, Yahl. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,f. 277.

= B. decussata. Couth. ....... 217

Scalaroides (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 231, t. 23, f. 7, 1878.

= B. turricula, Mont. . . . . . . .219

Scalata (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., xxii, p.

192, pi. 7, fig. 4. =M. angicostata, Reeve, . . . 252
Scalpta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5.

= C. monilifera, Sowb 278

Scarabseus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6, . 195
Schantarica (Bela),Middendorff. Reise,223, t. 12, f. 17, 19,

1851, 214

Schilingi (Drillia), Weink. Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 7, 9, . 193
Scobinella, Conrad. Jour. Acad. N. S. Phila., i, 111, 1848.

= Cordiera, Rouault, ....... 227

Sculpta (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 39.

Yoy. Sulphur, 17, t. 5, f. 17, . . . . . . 280

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 313

PAGE.

Sculptilior (Clathurella), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,

1875, p. 38, 282

Sculptilis (Clathnrella). Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1811, p.

11, pi. l,fig. 19, ' 282

Secalina (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Enum. Moll. Sic., 2, pi.

26, f. 9. = var. of B. septangularis, Mont. . . .223
Secta (Defrancia), G. B. Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1870,

p. 254, 299

Semen (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, 254
Semiassa (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii,

p. 382, .261

Semicolon (Pleurotoma), S.Wood. Crag. Moll., 54, t. 5, f. 3, 309
Semicostata (Clionella), Kiener. Iconog., p. 39, pi. 19, f. 1, 233
Semicostata (Pleurotoma), pars, Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., p.

109. = P. sigillata, Reeve.
Semicostatus (Fusus), Cantraine. Jeffreys, Zool. Proc.,

392, 1883. = D. Maravignae, Bivona.
Semigranosa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

p. 5, 290

Semilineata ( Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila.,

1873, p. 221, pi. 2, f. 37. = M. granosa, Bunker. . . 295
Seminella, Pease. See Manual, v, 102, .... 160
Seminifera (Drillia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii,

p. 140. = D. interrupta, Lam.

Seminuda (Pleurotoma1, Anton. Yerzeichniss, 73, . ,318
Semiplicata (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 4,

= B. pyramidalis, Strom. . . . . . , .216

Semiplicatum (Pleurotoma), Bonelli. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii,

174, t. 26, f. 18. = C. stria, Calc. . . . . 274

Semisculpta (Zafra), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.,

1875, ii, p. 97, pi. vii, f. 6, 7, . . . . . . 314

Senegalensis (Daphnella), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell.,

1883, p. 134, t. 3, f. 15, 310

Serga (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 65, 1881, 213
Serrata (Defrancia \ Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 163, . 299
Septangularis (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., p. 268, pi. 9, f. 5, . 223
Sexcostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

305, 319

Sicula (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59, . 244
Sigillata (Clionella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 40, f. 363, 1846, 233
Sigsbei (Pleurotoma^ Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 57,

1881, . . 316

Silicea (Borsonia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc , xv, 474, 1881, 228
Similis (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Monterosato, Nuova Revista,

42. = P. undatiruga, Bivona, var. . . ... . 238

374 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE

Simplex (Bela), Yerrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 367,

1880; Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 493.

= B. Schantarica, Middendorff.
Simplex (Pleurotoma), Middendorff. Reise, 223, t. 12, f.

15, 16, 1851. = Bela Schantarica, Midd.
Sinclair! (Clathurella), Smith, MSS. Gillies, Trans. N. Zeal.

Inst,, xiv, 170, 283

Sinensis (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 38, . 201
Singularis (Clathurella^, G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng.,

1875, pt. ii, p. 89, pi. vii, f. 10, ... . 293
Sinistralis (Surcula), Petit. Guerin's Mag. de Zool., 1839,

pi. i, . 240

Sinuata (Cithara), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 162, . 271
Sinuata (Clavatula), Born. Test. Mus. Ctes., p. 268, . . 233
Sinuosa (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 307, 1846, . . 180
Sinuosa (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. ii,

p. 23, . , . 319

Sinuosum f Pleurotoma), Fleming. = P. Leufroyi, Mich.
Sinuosus 'Pleurotoma) Conch, = P. gracilis, Mont. . .312
Smirna (Drillin), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 66, 1881, 213
Smithii, var. of Trevelyana (Bela), Jeff'. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1876, p. 332; Trans Conn. Acad., v, 461.

?= B.incisula.Verrill, . . . . . .217,221

Smithi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng.,

1875, pt. ii, p. 88, pi. 8, f. 13, . . . . . 292

Smithii ^Pleurotoma), Forbes. Ann. Mag., 107, t. 2, f. 14,

1840. == D. costulata, Blainv 309

Solida (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, . 274
Solida (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 61.

= Drillia fuscescens, Gray.
Solidula (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 163.

= C. rugosa, Mighels, 297

Solomonensis (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii,

p. 537, pi. xxx, f. 6, 205

Sordida (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, 254
Soror (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 303, . 274
Souverbiei (Mangilia), Try on, ...... 264

Souverbiei (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

300, ." ... 307

Sowerbyi (Drillia), Reeve. Corrections in Conch. Icon., . 180
Spaldingi (Drillia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i,

p. 153, 212

Speciosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 2, fig. 9, 1843, 173
Spectabilis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, fig. 6, 1843.

= P. babylonia, Linn. . . . . . . .162

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 375

PAGE.

Spectrum (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113. 200"
Spicata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 17, pi.

5, f. 13. = D. Sinensis, Hinds.
Spicea (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 419,

1881, • • • 212

Spinicincta (Columbarium), Martens. Mittheil., ii, p. 105,

t. 21, f. 1-3. = C. Pagoda, Lesson, var. . . .176

Spinosa (PI. reticnlata, var. , Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Sh.,

t. 113, f. 5. = M. Cordieri, Payr.
Spinosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

p. 206, 191

Spiralis (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871,

p. 731, pi. 75, f. 8, 171

Spirata (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 93, . . 232
Spirotropis, Sars. Moll. Norv., 242, 1878, . . 155, 213

Splendida (Mangilia), A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867,

p. 309, pi. 19, f. 24, 255

Splendidula (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, 200
Spurca (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Toy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5,

f. 14, ... 273

Staminea (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p.

388, 1881, 242

Stellata (Pleurotoma), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vii, p. 103, . 251
Stellata (Mangilia), Stearns. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1872, xv,

p. 22, 246

Stercus pulicum (Priamus), Chemn. 9, pi. 120, fig. 1026-7.

= Halia Priamus, Meuschen.

Sterrha (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 426, 1881, 182
Steveni (Buccinum), Andrj. Krynicki. Bull. Nat. Mos., 1837,

ii,p.59. =D.costulata,Blainv 309

St. GallaB (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas.,

1876, 137, .... ..'... 312

Stirophora (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn, Soc., xv, 422,

1881, 212

Stolida (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37, . 178
Stossiciana (Mangilia), Brusina. J. de Conch., xviii, p. 235.

= M. rugulorfa, Phil. 245

Streptophora (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

464, 1881, . 299

Stria (Clathurella), Calcara. Ric. Mai., 1839, p. 11, f. 5, . 274
Striata (Clionella , Kiener. Icon., p. 36, pi. 14, f. 2, . . 233
Striata (Conopleura), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., pi. 7, f. 22,

23, 211

Striata (Cythara), Schum. Syst. Yers. Test., p. 245.

= Mangilia citharella, Lam. . . ... . . 257

25

376 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Strigata (Cythara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 242, . 271
Strigata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, t. 59, f. 9.

= D. Barkliensis, H. Adams.
Striolata (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch. Neapol., 1836.

= P. costulata, Blainv 309

Striosa (Mangilia), C.B.Adams. Panama Shells, 147, 1852, 249
Stromboides (Cythara ), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 264
Stromboides (Cythara), Val. Carpenter.

= Pleurotoma triticea, Reeve.

Stromboides (Drillia), Sowb. Gen. Shells, Pleur., f. 4, . 176
Strucki (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., 1883,

133, t. 3, f. 14, . 245

Studeriana (Drillia), Martens. Sitzb. Berl., 22, 1878 ; Mitth.,

i, p. 37, pi. 8, f. 2, 209

Subauriformis (Drillia), Smith. Zool. Proc., 195, 1. 19, f. 23,

1879, 207

Snbcaudata (Mangilia), Bivona. = M. multilineolata, Desh.
Subclathrata (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell.,

1883, 133, t. 3, f. 13, 245

Subdiaphana (Mangilia), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1864, xiv,

p. 45, . 271

Subgranosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

300, . . . 299

Subgranulatus (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 78, t. 2,

f. 1, 1851. = Pusionella Milleti, Petit, . . . .235
Subluta (Bela), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 142, 1849, . . 222
Subnigrus (Fusus), Brown. 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 58, 59.

= Lachesis minima, Mont. ...... 225

Subobliquata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p.

191, t. 19, f. 16, . . . 203

Subochracea (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H.,

1877, p. 493, 211

Subsida (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 62,

1881, 212

Subtilis (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 431,

1881, 271

Subula (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, 270
Subulata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318
Subulata (Pleurotoma), Mke. Syn. Meth., No. 1131, 1830, 319
Subventricosa (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N.

H., 1877, p. 500, 234

Subvitrea iDaphnella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p.

209, pi. 20, f. 43, 314

Subzonata (Daphnella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p.

197, t. 19, f. 27, .284

Sulcata (Lachesis), Button. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p. 12, 226

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 377

ZAGE.

Sulcata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p.

272, 250

Sumatrensis (Pleurotoma), Petit. Jour, de Conch., p. 55,

t. 2, f. 2, 1852. •= Drillia crenularis, Lam. . . . 178
Supercostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

301, . . . .307

Surcula, H. and A. Adams. Genera, i, 88, 1853, . 158, 236
Surculites, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., 1, 213, 1865.

= Surcula, Sect. ......... .158

Suturalis (Defrancia), Moller. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 343.

= Pleurotoma Groanlandica, Reeve.

Suturalis (Drillia), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1838, p. 29, . 212
Suturalis (Pleurotoma), Bronn. Erg. mei. nat. Reise, ii.

= P. gracilis, Mont. . 312

Symmetrica (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846,

'p.. 5, . . .247

Syngenes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 396, 242
Syracusanum (Pleurotoma), Marav. = M. Cordieri, Payr.

Tabulata (Daphnella), Opt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv,

p. 29, . .312

Tamiata (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,

1878, 36, 212

Tseniata (Mangilia), Desh. Exp. Moree, p. 178, xix, f. 37-39, 243
Taranis, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. H., 4th ser., v, 447, 1870.

= Daphnella, Sect 160, 315

Tarentini (Pleurotoma), Phil. (1844).

= D. Loprestiana, Calcara.
Tasmanica < Cithara), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,

1875, p. 145, .271

Tasmanica (Daphnella), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,

1876,138, . 306

Taxus (Pleurotoma), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 162, fs. 1550

and 1551, ... 231

Tayloriana (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 40, f.

366. = D. crenularis, Lam 178

Tenebrosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 260
Tenella (Defrancia), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p.' 33, . 299
Tenella (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 302, 307
Tenera (Defrancia), Jeffreys. Brit. Assoc. Rept., 114, 1873, 299
Tenuiclathrata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1882, 301, 307

Tenuicostata (Pleurotoma), Sars. Yid. Selsk. Forhand,

1868, p. 259. = var. Bela decussata, Couth. . . .217
Tenuilirata (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 98,

1871. = B. Schantarica, Middendorff.

378 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Tenuilirata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871,

p. 17, pi. l,f. 18, . . 281

Tenuis (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318
Tenuis (Pleurotoma), Gray. An. Mag. N. H.

= P. undatiruga, Bivona, 238

Teres, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85, 1883.

= Daphnella, Sect 160, 313

Teres (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844.

= P. anceps, Eich 313

Tessellata (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S., 1873, p.

230, pi. 3, f. 61, 303

Tessellata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.

44 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 23, pi. 7, f. 17.
Tessellata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4.

= C. formosa, Reeve, ....... 297

Tetragona (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1881, p. 382, 261
Texta (Drillia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 225, . . . 207
Textilis (Clavatula), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, 231
Thea (Drillia), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 328, t. 10, f. 5,

1883, 189

Thesbia, Jeffreys. Sars, Moll. Norv., 221, 1878.

= Daphnella, Sect .160,315

Tholoides (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 248,

1882, 212

Tiara (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 440, 1881, 249
Tiarella (Pleurotoma), Valen. Kiener,Iconog.,56,t. 23, f. 2.

= D. rustica, Sowb.

Tiarula (Pleurotoina), Loven. = P. brachystoma, Phil. . 308
Ticaonica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.

116, 304

Tigrina (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 95, . 164
Tincta (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, . 292
Tmeta (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 424, 1881, . 212
Todilla (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii,

p. 24, 319

Tomella, Swainson, Malae., 115, 314, 1840.

= Perrona, Schum 157, 231

Tornata (Surcula), Dillwyn. Cat., ii, p. 715, 1815, . . 237
Tornatus var. y (Murex), Dillw. Cat., ii, p. 715.

= Pleurotoma Virgo, Lam.
Torosa (Drillia), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., v,

145, 1865, 183

Torquata (Clathurella), Phil. Moll. Sic., ii, p. 171, t. xxvi,

f. 14, 1844, 275

Trachys (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Viet.,

xiv, p. 57, 261

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 379

Trailli (Drillia), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Z., p. 11, 1873 ;

Man. N. Z. Moll., 42, . ...... 206

Translucida (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,

444, 1881, .......... 315

Trecchi ( Pleurotoma), Testa. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv, 363.

= PI. anceps, Eichw.
Trecchi (Pleurotoma), Testa, 1842. Monterosato, Jour, de

Conch., 1874, 279. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara.
Trevelliana (Bela), Turton. Mag. N. H., vii, p. 351, 1834;

Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv, 398. = B. Trevelyana, Turton, 221
Tricarinata (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,

ii, p. 265, .......... 212

Tricarinata (Clathurella), Yal. Reeve, Icon., f. 121, 1843, . 289
Tricinctum (Pleurotoma), Brugn. (1862). Monterosato,

Journ. de Conch., 279, 1874. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara.
Tricolor (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.

Wales, i, p. 158, ........ 299

Tricolor (Pleurotoma\ Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 215.

= P. linearis, Montagu.
Trifasciata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 297, Dec.

1845. = Mangilia trilineata, Ad ...... 24^7

Trifilosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 297, 299
Trilineata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,

ii, p. 3, Jan. 1845 ; Contrib. Conch., 55, . . . . 247
Trilix (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 390,

1881, .......... 242

Tripartita (Clavatula), E. A. Smith. Weinkauff in Kiister,

120, t. 26, f. 12, 13. ? = C. obesa, Reeve, . . .232
Triporcata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

p. 188, t. 19, f. 9, ........ 172

Tripter (Drillia), von Maltzan. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., 1883,

119, t. 3,f. 1, ......... 208

Triticea (Mangilia), Kien. Ic., pi. 27, f. 3, . . . 268, 271
Tritonoides (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,

p. 182, ... ....... 283

Tritonum (Perronea), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 218.

= Pleurotoma perron, Chemn.

Trivaricosa (Daphnella), Martens. Mauritius, 228, t. 20, f. 1, 305
Trivittata (Mangilia), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p.

40, pi. x, f. 9. = M. pellucida, Reeve, . . . .266
Trizonata (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 215, 261
Tuberculata (Surcula), Gray. Zool. Beech. Voy., p. 120, . 237
Tuberculifera (Surcula), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv,

p. 378, 1829, . . ....... 238

Tuberosa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 418, 212

380 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Tumida (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 218,

pi. 15, fig. 14, 1867. = C. Reeveana, Desh. . . .291
Tumida (Clavatula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 253, 232
Turbinatus (Boletus), Martini. = Pleurotomasinuata,Born.
Turbinelloides (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f.

295, 1846, .280

Turgida (Bela), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1861, 7, p. 337, . 222
Turgida (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 163,

1844, 308

Turqueti (Lachesis), Ch. Yelain. Arch. Zool. Exp., vi, p.

107, pi. ii, f. 18, 19, 1877, . . 226

Turricula, Schumacher. Essai Nov. Gen., 217, 1817.

= Surcula, Ads.

Turricula (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., i, p. 262, 1803, . . 219
Turricula (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 161, . 299
Turricula (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 268
Turricula (Fusus), Gould. Rep. Inv. Mass., 1st ed., p. 292,

pi. 13, f. 193. = Bela americana, Packard.
Turricula (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p.

137. = D. Sowerbyi. Reeve.
Turris, Humphrey, Mus., 1797. Ad. Genera, i, 87, 1853.

= Pleurotoma, Lamarck.

Turris (Drillia), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 37, f. 344; Correc-
tions, Index of Conch. Icon 210

Turris (Pleurotoma), Yal. Atlas, Toy. Venus, t. 5, f. 3.

= P. australis, Roissy, ....... 236

Turritellatus (Fusus), Desh. Exp. Moree, pi. xix, f. 28, 45.

= Lachesis minima, Mont. ...... 225

Turritispira (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,

306, . . . 316

Typhlomangilia, M. Sars, em. Sars, Moll. Norv., 1878.

= Bela. Sect . . . 156, 223

Ula (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 420, 1881, . 212
Ulideana (Pleurotoma), Thomps. Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, 316,

t. 19, f. 2. = B. ruta, Mont., var 224

Umbilicata (Drillia), Gray, MSS. Ann. Mag. N. H., i, 1838,

p. 28, 179

Undata (Bela),Verkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v. p. 229, 1878, . 223
Undatella (Bela), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861, viii,

p. 280, 222

Undaticostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,

p. 117, .... 251

Undatiruga (Surcula), Bivona. Gen. posthum., 7, . . 238
Undosa (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert, vii, p. 95, . .166

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 381

PA8B.

Undulata (Mangilia), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid.

?= M. Sicula, Reeve.
Unedo (Pleurotoma), Valenc., MSS. Paris Mus., Kiener,

Coq. viv., 19, t. 14, f. 1, . . 165

Unicolor (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843.

= D. nigerrima, Sowb.
Unifasciata (Mangilia), Desh. Expl. Sci. Morde, t. 19, f.

22-24, .... 243

Unifasciata (Pleurotoma), 0. G. Costa (non Desh.).

= P. Yauquelini, Payr 243

Unilineata (Cythara), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, p.

538, pi. xxx, f. 13, 1876, 272

Unimaculata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, 180
Unizonalis (Drillia), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 92, . 185
Urnula (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, 306
Ustulata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 40, f. 369,

1846, 167

Vahlii (Pleurotoma), Moller. Moll. Grcenl., p. 13.

= B. pyramidalis, Strom. ...... 216

Yalenciennesii (Pleurotoma), Maravig.

= D. attenuata, Mont 309

Yalida (Pusionella), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 191, 1852 ; Novit.

Conch., 33, t. 10, f. I, 2, ....... 234

Yallata (Pleurotoma), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii,

p. 336,1860, .... . .171

Yancouverensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., vi,

1880, p. 286, 319

Yaria (Cithara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 447.

= Columbella Peasei, Martens. Manual, vol. v, 166.
Yariabilis (Drillia), Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1877, xix,

p. 495, ... . . 180

Yaricifera (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p.

221, pi. xv, f. 21, ... .... 301

Yariegata (Mangilia), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv,

p. 394, .... .... 300

Yariegata (Pleurotoma), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. ix, f. 1, . 164

Yariegata (Pleurotoma), Philippi. En. Moll. Sic., i, 197, t.

11, f. 14. = P. purpureum, Mont.
Yariegata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. i, fig. 2,

1843. = P. picturata, Weink.

Yaricosa (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187, 205
Yaricosa (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Jour. Conch., 1874, p. 190,

pi. vii, fig. 3, 305

Yariculosa (Mangilia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, .257

382 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.

Yarix (Daphnella), T.-Woods. Proc, Roy. Soc. Tas., 1876,

p. 138. ? = D. compta, Ad. and Ang. . . . .306
Yauquelini (Pletirotoma), Payraudeau. Moll. Cors.,p. 145,

pi. vii, figs. 14, 15, 243

Yentricosa (Bela), Morch. Moll. Grcenl., No. 95.

= B. bicarinata, Couth. ....... 215

Yenusta (Pleurotoina), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181, 162
Yerrillii(Drillia),Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 68, 1881, 213
Yerrillii (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix,

57, 1881, . 316

Yersicolor (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 12, f. 19.

= P. purpureum, Mont.
Yersicolor (Pleurotoma), Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab,, pi.

xv, f. 8. = P. radula, Hinds, 241

Yertebralis (Pleurotoma), E. Smith. Weinkauff, Jahrb., iv,

5, 1877. = PI. violacea, Hinds.
Yertebrata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

1875, xv, p. 416. = P. violacea, Hinds.
Yespuciana (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 175, t. 24,

f. 13-15 . .279

Yestalis (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851, p. 93, . 319

Yexillum (Manama), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59, 265
Vexillum(Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, 209, 284
Yicina (Mangilia), C. B.Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 66, . 248
Yidua (Pleurotoma), Hinds (not Reeve). Weinkauff, Kiister,

Conch. Cab., 65, t. 13, f. 1, 3. = D. unizonalis, Lam.
Yidua (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112.

= D. unizonalis, Lamarck.
Yidualoides (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873,

p. 217, pi- 2, f. 28. = D. unizonalis, Lam.
Yilliersii (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord.,

262, t. 1, f. 4, 5, 1826. = P. attenuate, Mont. . . . 308
Yincentina (Daphnella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, p.

422, t. 11, f. 6, 311

Yinosa (Surcula), Dall. Proc. Cal. Ac., v, p. 253, 1874, . 240
Yiolacea (Bela), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1841, vol. i,

p. 50; Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1842, p. 15, pi. 1, f. 21.

= B. bicarinata, Couth uoy, . . . . . .215

Yiolacea (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 218,

pi. 15, f. 15, 1867. = C. clandestina, Desh. . . .298
Yiolacea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 16,

pi. 5, f. 8, . . . . 169

Yiolaceus (Pleurotoma), Desh. = PI. linearis, Mont.
Yirgatum (Pleurotoma), Bivona.

= PL inflata, Cr. et Jan.

INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 383

EAGB.

Yirginea (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Reeve, Icon., f. 32.

= Clavatula muricata, Lam. ...... 229

Yirginea (Pleurotoma), Yalenc. Kien. (non Beck), Iconog.,

p. 55, t. xxi, f. 2, . . . 167

Yirgo (Pleurotoma), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 94, . . 168
Yiridula (Bela) Moller. Moll. Grcenl., p. 14.

= B. decussata, Couth 217

Yiridula (Pleurotoma), Reeve (not Moller). Conch. Icon.,

f. 306. = Columbella Holbolii, Beck, Manual, v, . . 223
Yitrea (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 18*73,

p. 230, pi. 3, f. 60, 303

Yitrea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118y . 254
Yittata (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 45;

Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 26, pi. ix, f. 3, • . . . . 269
Yittata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60.

= M. obesa, Reeve, 262

Yittata (Mangilia) Reeve (not Hinds). Icon., f. 53.

= M. exquisita, Smith.

Yittata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 188
Yolutella (Pleurotoma), Yal. Kiener, Pleur., 67, t. 25, f. 1.

= C. inflata, Crist, et Jan 274

Yulpecula (Lachesis), Monter. Not. Conch. Med., 1872,

p. 49, ... ... ... 225

Yulpina (Pleurotoma), Bivona, Benoit.

? = D. attenuata, Montg 309

Yulpina (Pusionella), Born. Test. Mus. Cses., 317, t. 11, f.

10, 11, . 234

Yultuosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 116, 1845, 296

Wallaysi (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 74, t. 1, f. 7,

1851, 2d ser., i, 35, 1856. = Pusionella rapulum, Reeve, 235
Weinkauffi (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. Moll. Rothes Meer.

= P. violacea, Hinds.
Weldiana (Drillia;, T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875,

p. 137, 212

Willei (Bela), Friele. Prel. Rep. Moll. Norw. Exp., p. 9,

1876; Jahr. Mai. Ges., iv, 263, 223

Wilmeri (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 805, pi.

50, f. 4, 205

Woodiana (Bela), Moll. Grcenl., p. 13.

= B. turricula, Mont. . . . . . . .219

Woodii (Pleurotoma), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., p. 12, t. 7, f. 1.
= P. cryptorrhaphe, Sowb 168

Yeddoensis (Pleurotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool.
France,- 1883, 196-, t. 10, f. 7, 319

384 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PAGE.

Zafra, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, vi, p. 331.

= Daphnella, Sect 160, 313

Zealandica (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877,

p. 492; Gillies, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xiv, 170, . . .211
Zebra (Drillia), Lara. Hist. Nat., Ed. Desh., x, p. 177, . 196
Zebroides (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., p. 108, pi.

23, f. 8. = D. zebra, Lam.
Zebuensis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65.

= M. derelicta, Reeve, ....... 266

Zonale (Pleurotoma), Del. Chiaje. Mem., t. 84, f. 1.

= P. Leufroyi, Mich.
Zonata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii,

1860; Smith, Zool. Proc., 209, 1879.

? = Zafra Mitrsefonnis, A. Ad 313

Zonata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, . 252
Zonata ( Pleurotoma), Gray, MSS. Reeve, Icon., sp. 74.

= D. flavidula, Lam.
Zonulata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p.

113, pl.xiii, f. 17, 285

Zonulata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Syst., ii, pi. 234,

f. 10. = D. aterrima, Sowb.

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PLEUROTOMID^.

PLATE 1.

FIGURE. PAGE.

A. Pleurotoma babylonia, Linn. Quoy, Yoy. Astrol., t.

35, f. 4, 162

B, C. Pleurotoma babylonia, operculum. Adams, Genera,

t. 10, f. la, 6, . . . . . . . 162

1. Pleurotoma babylonia. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 5, . 162

2. Pleurotoma spectabilis, Reeve (— babylonia). Reeve,

Icon., f. 6 a, .162

3. Pleurotoma Raffrayi, Tapparone-Canefri. Bull. Soc.

Zool. France, iii, t. 6, f. 1, ... . 163

6. Pleurotoma crispa, Lam. (== grandis, Gray). Reeve,

Icon., f. 11 a, .163

7. Pleurotoma grandis, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 13, 163

8. Pleurotoma Rombergi, Morch (= picta, Beck). Jour.

de Conch., 2d ser , ii, t. 10, f. 6, .... 163

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 385

PLATE 2.

FIGURE. PAGE.

4. Pleurotoma venusta, Reeve (= babylonia). Icon. , f . 79, 162

5. Pleurotoma Garnonsi, Reeve Icon., f. 4, . . 163
9. Surcula turris,Val. (= Australis,Roiss}r). Voy.Yenus,

t. 5, f. 3, 236

10. Pleurotoma tigrina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 3, . 164

11. Pleurotoma Jickeli, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,t. 4,

. f. 2, . . . 164

12. Pleurotoma variegata, Reeve (= picturata, Weink.).

Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2, . . . . ' . .164

13. Pleurotoma variegata, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog., t. 9,

f. 1, 164

14. Pleurotoma albina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 77, . . 165

15. Pleurotoma gracilina, Weink. Kiister, t. 5, f. 5, . . 165

16. 16 a. Pleurotoma marmorata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f.

216, 21 a, ... ... . 165

17. Pleurotoma hastula, Reeve (= marmorata). Reeve,

Conch. Icon., f. 139, 165

18. Pleurotoma Peaseana, Dunker. Kiister, t. 15, f. 1-3, . 165

19. Pleurotoma picta, Beck. Reeve, Icon., f. 16, . . 163

PLATE 3.

20. Pleurotoma unedo, Yal. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 12, . 165

21. Pleurotoma undosa, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 18, . . 166

22. Pleurotoma fagina, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang,

t. 9, f. 2, . .167

23. Pleurotoma cingnlifera, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 1, .166

24. Pleurotoma Erythrsea, Jickeli. Kiister, t. 4, f. 10, . 166

25. Pleurotoma abbreviata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 86, . 167

26. Pleurotoma ustulata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 3696, . 167

27. Pleurotoma Niponica. E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1. 19,

f. 7, 1879, ......... 172

28. Pleurotoma triporcata, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 9,

1879, 172

29. 29 a. Pleurotoma vertebrata, Smith (= violacea, Hds.).

Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 6, 6 a, 1879, . . . .169
30 Pleurotoma cryptorraphe, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch.

Icon., f. 7, 168

31. Pleurotoma Woodii, Kiener (== cryptorraphe). Kiener,

Iconog., t. 7, f. 1, . *. . . . . 168

32. Pleurotoma Virgo, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 20, . 168

PLATE 4.

34. Pleurotoma Antillarum, Crosse (= Virgo, Lam.). Jour.

de Conch., xiii, t. 1, f. 8, . . . . . -168

386 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PrGURB. PAGE.

35. Pleurotoma Jelski, Crosse (= Yirgo, Lam.). Jour, de

Conch., xiii, t. 1, f. 6, 168

37. Pleurotoma lencotropis, Ad. and Reeve (= oxytropis).

Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 7, . . . " . .168

38. Pleurotoma oxytropis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 176, . 168

39. Pleurotoma nobilis, Hinds (= oxytropis). Voy. Sul-

phur, t. 5, f. 1, . . . . . . . 168

40. Pleurotoma fascialis, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 24 a, . 169

41. Pleurotoma deciivis, von Martens. Conch. Mittheil.,

t. 9, f. 2, 170

42. Pleurotoma violacea, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 186, . 169

43. Pleurotoma Gruneri, Phil. (= Yirgo, Lam.). Kiister,

t. 14, f. 7, 168

44. Pleurotoma spiralis, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 75,

f. 8, 1871, .171

45. Pleurotoma brevicaudata, Reeve (= fascialis). Reeve,

Icon., f. 126, 169

46. Pleurotoma jubata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 52, . . 171

47. Pleurotoma Renieri, Phil. (= emendata, Monts.).

Kiister, t. 13, f. 11, 172

48. Pleurotoma speciosa, Reeve. Icon., f. 9, . . .173

49. Pleurotoma carinata, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 56. 173

50. Pleurotoma Graffei, Weink. Kiister, t. 3, f. 9, . . 173

51. Pleurotoma gemmata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 83, . 173

52. Pleurotoma monilifera, Pease (= gemmata). Kiister,

t. 15, f. 7, . . 173

53. Pleurotoma fusca, Hombr. (= gemmata). Astr. Zelee.,

t. 25, f. 19, 173

54. Pleurotoma amabilis, Jickeli (= gemmata). Kiister,

t. 6, f. 4, . . . . . . .173

55. Pleurotoma armillata. Reeve, Icon., f, 176, . . 174

56. Daphnella galerita, Phil. (== semicolon, Wood). Jef-

freys, Brit. Conch., t. 102, f. 6, .... 309

PLATE 5.

57. Surcula maculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 45, . . 236

58. Surcula australis, Roissy. Reeve, Icon., f. 14, . . 236

59. Clavatula caerulea, Weiiik. Kiister, t. 7, f. 4, . . 230

60. Clavatula caernlea, Weink. Martens, Mittheil., t. 21, f. 5, 230

61. Surcula arcuata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, . . 236

62. Surcula tornata, Dillwyn (Javaria, Reeve). Reeve,

Conch. Icon., f. 26, . 237

63. Surcula Javana, Linn, (nodifera, Lam., Reeve). Reeve,

Icon., f. 28, 237

64. Surcula Coreanica, Ad, and Reeve (= Javana). Voy.

Samarang, t. 10, f. 8, 237

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 387

FIGURE.

65. Surcula lurida, Ad. and Reeve (= Javana). Yoy.

Samarang, t. 10, f. 5, . . . . . . 237

66. Surcula punctata, Reeve (= tuberculata). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 181, ......... 237

67. Surcula tuberculata, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 72, . . 237

68. Surcula tuberculifera, Brod. Reeve, Icon., f. 63, . 238

69. Surcula olivacea, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 27, . . 237

70. Surcula funiculata, Val. (= olivacea). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 95, ..... -. . . .237

71. Surcula undatiruga, Bivona. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26,

f. 13, .... ..... 228

72. Surcula balteata, Beck (= undatiruga). Kiener,Iconog.,

t. 13, f. 2, ......... 238

PLATE 6.

73. Surcula tenuis, Grajr. Conch. Icon., f. 73, . . . 238

74. Surcula corrugata, Kiener (= undatiruga). Kiener,

Iconog., t. 9,f. 2, ....... 238

75. Surcula Kaderlyi, Lischke. Kiister, t. 11, f. 5, . . 239

76. Paphnella circinata, Dall. Calif. Proc., v, t. 2, f. 5, . . 316

77. 77 a. Surcula clara, Martens. Mittheil., t. 8, f. 1, . 239

78. Surcula pluteata, Reeve. Icon., f. 101, . . . 240
t9. Surcula perversa, Gabb. Pal. Calif., ii,.t. 1, f. 10, . 239

80. Pleurotoma Deshayesii, Doumet (= Indica). Reeve,

Icon., f. 19, ........ 168

81. Surcula fulminata, Kiener ( =tornata, var.). Reeve,

Icon., f. 37, ........ 237

82. Pleurotoma Indica, Desh. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 142, 168

83. Surcula annulata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 35, . . 240

84. Surcula catena, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 36, . . 240

85. Surcula astricta, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 98, . . 240

86. Surcula cincta, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 99, . . . 241
86 a. Surcula modesta, Sowb. (= astricta). \Kiister, Conch.

Cab., t. 9, f. 9, ........ 240

87. Surcula bijubata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 87, . 241

PLATE 7.

88. Surcula versicolor, Weink. (=radula). Kuster,t. 15, f. 8, 241

89. Surcula raclula, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 223, . . 241

90. Surcula raduliformis, Weink. (= radula). Kiister, 1. 19,

f. 7, ...... . . . .241

91. Surcula Oweni, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 70, . . . 242

92. Bela nivalis, Lovdn. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., v,t. 91, f. 4, 223

93. Spirotropis modiola, Jan. (= carinatum). Jeffreys,

Brit. Conch., v,t. 102, f. 7, ..... 213

388 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGK.

94. Spirotropis carinatnm. Phil. Moll. Sicil.,ii, t. 26, f. 19, 213

95. Surcula Quoyi, Reeve. Icon., f. 137, . . . . 242

96. Perona monile, Val. Kiener, Iconog, t. 15, f. 3, . 232

97. Columbarium cedonulli, Reeve (= pagoda). Reeve,

Icon., f. Ufa, . 175

98. Columbarium diadema, Lesson (= pagoda). Sowerby,

Thes. Conch., iv, t. 410, f. 53, 175

99. Columbarium spinicincta, Martens (= pagoda, var.).

Martens, Mittheil., t. 21, f. 1 175

100. Genotia Luhdorfei, Lischke. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t.

6, f. 8, 175

1. Genotia Mitraeformis, Wood. Reeve, Icon., f. 23, . 174

2. 2 a. Genotia papalis, Reeve (= Mitraeformis, var.).

Reeve, Icon., f. 22 a, 6, 174

3. Surcula Carpenteriana, Gabb. Pal. Calif., ii, t. 1, f. 3, 239

PLATE 8.

4. Perrona tripartita, Smith (= obesa, Rve.). Kiister,

Conch. Cab, t. 26, f. 12, 231

5. Perrona spirata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 44, . . . 232

6. 7. Drillia partita, Reeve (= striata, Hinds). Reeve,

Icon., f. 330 a, 6, 211

8. Perrona Peronii, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 94, . . 232

9. Perrona obesa, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 29, . . 231
10, 11. Perrona lineata, Lara. Ibid.,f. 96 a, 6, . . . 231

12. Drillia incisa, Reeve (= Maravignae, Biv.) Ibid., f. 133, 199

13. Clavatula imperialis, Lam. Ibid., f. 33, ... 229

14. Perrona taxus, Chemn. Ibid., f. 25, . . . . 231

15. Clavatula bimarginata, Lam. (=muricata). Ibid., f. 34, 229

16. Clavatula gravis, Hinds (= muricata). Ibid., f. 202, . 229

17. Clavatula rubrifasciata, Reeve (= muricata, var.). Ibid.,

f. 171, 229

18. Clavatula diadema, Kiener (= muricata). Ibib., f. 46, 229

19. Clavatula saoerdos, Reeve (== muricata). Ibid., f. 172. 229

20. Clavatula Lelieuri, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 7, 228

21. Clavatula virginea, Chemn. (= muricata). Reeve,

Conch. Icon., f. 32 229

22. Clavatula muricata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 31, . . 229

23. Clavatula implicata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 170, . 230

24. Drillia Dunkeri, Weink. (= umbilicata, Gray). Kiister,

Conch Cab., t. 16, f. 2, 179

25. Drillia auriculifera, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 69, . . 185

26. Drillia exasperata, Reeve. Icon., f. 8, . . . 185

27. Clavatula mystica, Reeve (= muricata). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 107. . . 229

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 389

PLATE 9.

FIGURE. PAGE.

28. Drillia pulchella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 180, . . 186

29. Drillia bilineata, Reeve (= pulchella). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 225, ... . .186

30. Drillia vidua, Hinds (= unizonalis, Lam.) Kiister-,

Conch. Cab., t. 13, f. 1, 185

31. Drillia echinata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 48, . . . 185

32. Drillia laeta, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 155, . . .186

33. Drillia vidualoides, Garrett (= unizonalis, Lam.). Proc.

Philad. Acad., t. 2, f. 28, 1873, .... 185

34. Drillia vidua, Reeve (= nigrozonata, Weink.). Reeve,

Icon., f. 192, ... .... 185

35. Drillia hexagona, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 105, . . 187

36. Drillia Beraudiana, Crosse (== Angasi, Cr.). Jour, de

Conch., xi, t. 1, f. 6, . . . . 187

37. Drillia Angasi, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xi, t. 1, f. 5, 187

38. Drillia unizonalis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 113, . 185

39. Drillia exigua, Hombr. Yoy. Astr. Zel., t. 25, f. 21, . 188

40. Drillia Beckii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 10, . . . 186

41. Drillia mediocris, Desh. Moll. He Reunion, f. 39, f. 11, 187

42. Drillia texta, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 19, . . 207

43. Drillia Moquiniana, Montr. Jour, de Conch., t. 7, f. 5,

1874 207

44. Drillia vittata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 205, .188

45. Drillia polygonalis, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 21,

f. 7, 187

46. Clionella semicostata, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 67, 233

47. 48. Clionella sigillata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 363 a, b. 233

49. Clionella nux, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 185, . . 233

50. Clionella Buccinoides, Lam. (=sinuata, Born). Reeve,

Icon., f. 68, 233

51. Clionella rosaria, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 314, . . 233

52. Drillia major, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 59, . . 178

53. Clionella striata, Kiener. Reeve, Icon , f. 144, . . 233

54. Drillia gibbosa, Born. Reeve, Icon., f. 30, . . . 179

55. Clionella rubinicolor, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 184, . 233

PLATE 10.

56. Drillia flavidula, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 66, . 177

57. Drillia zonata, Gray (= flavidula). Ibid., f. 74, . 177

58. Drillia Stromboides, Sowb. Ibid., f. 71, . . .176

59. Drillia unimaculata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 42, ... 180

60. Surcula tuberculifera, Brod. Specimen. . . . 238

61. Drillia stolida, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 152, . 178

62. Drillia, rosea, Sowb. Ibid., f. 43, . . . .190

390 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

63. Drillia Sumatrensis, Petit (= crenularis). Jour, de

Conch., iii, t. 2, f. 2, 178

64. Drillia crenularis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon, f. 54, . 118

65. Drillia lanceolata, Reeve. Ibid, f. 182, . . .181

66. Drillia Griffitkii, Gray (= crenularis). Ibid., f. 157, . ITS
6T. Drillia turricula, Sowb. (= Sowerbyi, Reeve). Ibid.,

f. 49, . . .180

68. Drillia interrupta, Lam. Ibid., f. 51, . . . .181

69. Drillia Tayloriana, Reeve (crenularis, Lain.). Ibid.,

f. 366 a, 178

70. Drillia maura, Sowb. Ibid., f. 47, .... 181

71. Surcula brunneomaculata, Sowb. Proc, Zool. Soc"

1873, t. 59, f. 8, 236

72. Drillia splendidula, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 60, 200

73. Drillia impages, Ad. and Reeve. Toy. Samarang, t. 9,

f. 10, . 184

74. Drillia militaris, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 55, . 181

75. Drillia Appclii, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 20,

f. 50, 193

76. Drillia seminifera, Gould (= interrupta). Moll. Wilkes

Exped., f. 312, . 181

7T. Surcula duplicata, Sowb. (= olivacea). Reeve, Icon.,

f. T8, 237

PLATE 11.

78. Drillia alabaster, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 65, . 179

79. Drillia Cagayanensis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 329, . 180

80. Drillia regia, Beck. Reeve, Icon., f. 75, . . 201

81. Drillia variabilis, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, t. 50,

f. 2, 180

82. Drillia umbilicata, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 97, . 1T9

83. Drillia spectrum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 222, . . .200

84. Drillia Sinensis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 153, . . . .201

85. Drillia putillus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 219, . . . .200

86. Drillia fucata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 169, . . . .189

87. Drillia tessellata, Reeve (= formosa, Rve.), f. Ibid.,

f. 331, 186

88. Drillia Japonica, Lischke. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 19,

f. 8, 202

89. Drillia sacra, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 183, . . . 201

90. Drillia intermaculata, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

t. 19, f. 19, 202

91. Drillia Saulcydianus, Recluz (= umbilicata). Jour, de

Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 6, 179

92. Drillia variabilis, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, t. 56,

f. 3, .180

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 391

FIGURE. PURE.

93. Drillia paria, Reeve (= fucata, Reeve). Ic^n., f. 334, 189

94. Drillia intertincta, Smith (= Sinensis, Hinds). Kiister,

t. 22, f. 8a, . . 201

95. Drillia clavata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 132, . .190

96. Drillia peradmirabilis, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

t. 19, f. 12, 201

97. Drillia albicincta, Ad. and Reeve (= putillus). Voy.

Samarang, t. 10, f. 6, . . . . . 200

98. Clatburella semigranosa, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 346, 290

99. Drillia flavonodiilosa, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

t. 19, f. 21, 202

100. Drillia subobliquata, Smith. Ibid., f. 16, . . .203

1. Drillia obliquata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 262. . . 203

2. Drillia raricostata, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, 1. 19,

f. 18, 202

3. Drillia longispira, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19,

f. 14, 202

4. Drillia humilis, Smith. Ibid., f. 20, . . . . 203

5. Drillia Metcalfei, Angas (= Sinensis). Proc. Zool. Soc.,

18U7,t. 13, f. 16, . . . . . . . 201

6. Drillia Coxi, Angas (= Sinensis, Hinds). Ibid., f. 15, 201 ,

7. Drillia denseplicata, Danker. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t.

23, f. 7, 203

8. Drillia candens, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19,

f. 17, 203

9. Drillia spicata, Hinds (= Sinensis, Hinds). Reeve,

Icon., f. 231, 201

10. Drillia robusta, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 204, . . 180

PLATE. 12.

11. Drillia consimilis, Smith (= Sinensis, Hds.). Zool.

Proc*., 1879, t. 19, f. 11, 201

12. Drillia obliquicostata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 168, . 204

13. Drillia crocata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 174, . . . . 204

14. Drillia exarata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 201, . . . .204

15. Drillia palliata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 193, . . . .204

16. Drillia aquatilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 177, . . . 204

17. Drillia varicosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 1416, . . . 205

18. Drillia castanea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 191, .... 177

19. Mangilia lucida, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., xliv,

t. 8, f. 15, 257

20. Drillia acuminata, Mighels. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 190

21. Drillia obeliscus, Reeve. Icon., f. 175, . . . 205

22. Drillia rugifera, Sowb. (= nigerrima, Sowb.). Reeve,

Icon.,f. 127, . 196

26

392 REFERENCE TO PLATES. •

FIGURE. . PAGE.

23. Drillia Solomonensis, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t.

30, f. 6, 205

24. Drillia Wilmeri, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, t. 50,

f. 4, 205

25. Drillia Awamoaensis, Hutton. Specimen, . . . 208

26. Drillia baetica, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 167, . 193

27. Drillia bicanalifera, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 103, . . 177

28. Drillia Schilling!, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 16,

f. 7, 193

29. Drillia minutissima, Garrett. Proc. Phila. Acad., 1873,

t. 2, f. 30, 207

30. Drillia Montere}Tensis, Stearns. Proc. Calif. Acad., v,

t. 1, f. 2, 184

31. Drillia lauta, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 18, 206

32. Drillia pusilla, Garrett (= D. exilis, Pease). Proc.

Philad. Acad., 18J3, t. 2, f. 31, 206

33. Drillia papillosa, Garrett. Ibid., f. 29, . . 207

34. Drillia pyramidata, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 41, . . 205

35. Drillia subauriformis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t. 19,

f. 23, 207

36. Drillia fortilirata, Smith. Ibid., f. 22, . . . . 207

37. Drillia aemula, Angas (= Trailli). Proc. Zool. Soc.,

1877, t. 5, f. 9, 206

38. Drillia moesta, Carpenter. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 30,

f. 5, 183

39. Drillia erosa, Schrenck, f. Amurl. Moll., t. 17, f. 7, . 184

40. Drillia penicillata, Carpenter (= inermis). Kiister,

Conch. Cab., t. 28, f. 1, 182

41. Drillia incisa, Carpenter. Specimen, .... 182

42. Drillia rosea, Quoy (= Novaezelandise). Voy. Astrol.,

t. 35, f. 10, . ... 184

43. Drillia inermis, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 64, . . 182

44. Drillia Novaezelandiae. Reeve, Icon., f. 143, . . 184

PLATE 13.

45. Drillia sinuosa, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 307, . 180

46. Drillia Patagonica, d'Orb. Martens, Mittheil., t. 8, f. 3, 208

47. Drillia Patagonica, d'Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., t. 77,

f. 15, 208

48. Drillia Studeriana, Martens. Mittheil., t. 8, f. 2, . 209

49. Drillia Hemphilli, Stearns. Calif. Proc., v, t. 1, f. 3, . 185

50. Drillia pica, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 61, . . 190

51. Drillia rosacea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 166, . . . .179

52. Drillia regukris, Reeve. $. Ibid., f. 326, . . .189

53. Drillia irnpressa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 200, . . . .189

54. Drillia coccinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 299. . . .188

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 393

FIGURE. .PAGE.

55. Drillia pudica, Hinds. Ibid., f. 199, . . . .189

56. Drillia ebur, Reeve. Ibid., f. 275, . . . .188

57. Drillia albicostata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 62, ... 205

58. Pleurotoma Pateliana, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,

t. 12, f. T. 169

59. Drillia crispata, Reeve (= Loprestiana). Icon., f. 156, 209

60. Drillia corusca, Reeve. Icon/, f. 89, .... 209

61. Drillia Dalli, Verrill and Smith. Trans. Conn. Acad.,

v, t. 57, f. 1, 181

62. Daplmella Carpenteri, Verrill and Smith. Ibid , f. 2, . 310

63. Drillia callosa, Val. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 104, . 192

64. Surcula sinistralis, Petit. Ibid., f. 81, . . . 240

65. Drillia fuiva, Hinds. Ibid.,f. 237, . . . .210

66. Drillia Loprestiana, Calcara. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t.

13, f. 8, . . . 209

67. Drillia pyramidata, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog., t. 21, f. 4, 205

68. Drillia ctirbonaria, Reeve (= callosa, Val.). Reeve,

Icon., f. 145, ... .... 192

69. Drillia Kennicotti, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 16,

f. 2, 209

70. Drillia Barkliensis, Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, t.

19, f. 3, ... 192

71. Drillia strigata, Sowb. (= Barkliensis). Proc. Zool.

Soc., 1873, t. 59, f. 9, 192

72. Drillia vexillum, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 264, . . 209

73. Drillia Mariei. Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872, t. 2, f. 5, 190

74. Drillia incrassata, Sowb. (=Bottae, ValA Reeve, Icon.,

f. 76, 192

75. Drillia digitalis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 138, . .191

76. Drillia Lamberti, Montr. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iv,

t. 2, f. 10, . . 198

77. Drillia Rougeyroni, Sonverbie (= Barkliensis). Jour.

de Conch., 1874, t. 7, f. 1, 192

PLATE 14.

78. Drillia maura. Kiener (= Cerithoidea, Cpr.). Kiener,

Iconog., t. 23, f . 1 194

79. Drillia aterrima, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100, . 194

80. Drillia discors, Sowb. (= aterrima). Ibid., f. 38, . 194

81. Drillia pardalis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 196, . . . .195

82. Drillia quadrifasciata, Gray. Ibid., f. 251, . . . 195

83. Drillia Melchersi, Menke (= aterrima). Specimen, . 194

84. Drillia zonulata, Reeve (= aterrima). Reeve, Conch.

Icon., f. 39, 194

85. Drillia rudis, Sowb. Ibid., f. 53 191

86. Drillia luctuosa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 149, . . . .195

394 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

87. Drillia scarabaens, Reeve, f. Ibid., f. 353, . . .195

88. Drillia rustica, Sowb. (= nigerrima). Ibid. ,f. 91, . 196

89. Drillia unicolor, Sowb. (= nigerrima). Ibid., f. 92, . 196

90. Drillia excentrica, Sowb. (== rudis, Sowb.) Ibid., f. 58, 191

91. Drillia nigerrima, Sowb. Ibid., f. 102, . . . 196

92. Drillia paxillus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 285 194

93. Drillia torosa, Carpenter. Specimen, .... 183

94. Drillia Harfordiana, Reeve (== nigerrima, var.). Reeve,

Conch. Icon.,f. 93, 194

95. Drillia Hondurasensis, Reeve. Ibid., 318, . . .194

96. Drillia flavescens, Reeve. Ibid., f. 178, . . .194

97. Drillia fuscescens, Gray. Ibid., f. 125, . . . 193

98. Drillia cuprea, Reeve (= fuscescens, Gray). Ibid., f.

140, 193

99. Drillia harpularia, Desmoul. Ibid., f. 124, . . . 193
100. Drillia bicolor, Sowb. Ibid., f. 40, . . . .196

1. Drillia granulosa, Sowb. Ibid., f. 90, .... 196

2. Drillia zebra, Lam. Ibid., f. 135, . . . .196

3. Drillia Dysoni, Reeve. Ibid., f. 315, . . . .198

4. Drillia Lysidia, Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch. Colum-

bella, t. 26, f. 16, 198

5. Drillia albinodata, Reeve (= zebra, Lam.). Reeve,

Conch. Icon., f. 352 196

6. Drillia zebra, Lam, Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 23, f. 4, . 196

7. Drillia collaris, Sowb. (= zebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 120, 196

8. Drillia pallida, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 134, . .196

9. Clathurella monilifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, t. 40, f.

177, 278

10. Drillia cinerea, Weink. (== zebra). Kiister, Conch.

Cab., t. 23, f. 1, 196

11. Drillia albomaculata, Orb. (= zebra). Orb., Moll. Cuba,

t. 24, f. 16, . 166

12. Drillia ornata, Orb. (= zebra). Ibid.,t. 23, f. 26, . 196

PLATE 15.

13. Drillia nigrescens, Gray (= fuscescens). Reeve, Conch.

Icon., f. 235, 193

14. Drillia mucronata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 328, . . 198

15. Drillia zebroides, Weink. (= zebra). Kiister, Conch.

Cab.,t. 2:5, f. 8, 1%

Hi. Drillia Clionellfleformis, Weink. Ibid., t. 23, f. 5, .198

17. Drillia rubiginosa, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,f. 226, 199

18. Drillia pulchra, Gray (= zebra). Ibid., f. 351, . . 196
r.). Drilh'a canccllata, Gray. Ibid., f. 317, . ' . .197

20. Drillia nitida, Kiener. Ibid., f. 130, . . . .199

21. Mangilia papillaris, Hinds. Ibid., f. 335, . . . 256

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 395

FIGURE.

22. Drillia cantharis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 272, . . .199

23. Drillia Pagoda, Reeve. Ibid., f. 242 210

24. Clathurella tessellata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 244, . . .297

25. Drillia exihs, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 1. 15, f. 1 9, 206

26. Drillia donata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 228, » 210

27. Drillia arata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 267, . . . 210

28. Clathurella lemniscata, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,

1875, t. 7,f. 11,. . . . . . . 297

29. Clathurella Nassoides, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 259, 296

30. Drillia Pagoda, Reeve (= turns, Reeve). Ibid., f. 344, 210

31. Clathurella Grayi, Reeve. Ibid., f. 232, . . .296

32. Mangilia apicata, Gray. Ibid., f. 305, . . .266

33. Clathurella vuituosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 273, . . .296

34. Mangilia rubida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 220, . . .271

35. Mangilia neglecta, Hinds. ' Ibid., f. 218, . . .267

36. Clathurella compta, Reeve ( = vuituosa, Reeve). Ibid.,

f. 292, . . 296

37. Mangilia spurca, Hinds. Ibid., f 312, . . .' .273

38. Mangilia cinerea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 195, . . : 273

39. Mangilia margaritifera, Gray. Ibid., f. 354, . . 258

40. Mangilia argillacea, Hinds/ Ibid., f. 317, . .. . 273

41. Mangilia Candida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 221, . . .273

42. Clathurella languida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 257, . . .296

43. Mangilia dsedalea, Reeve (= margaritifera). Ibid.,

f. 355, 258

44. Mangilia cardinalis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 266, . . .258

45. 47. Mangilia crassilabrum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 118 a, 6, . 258

46. Clathurella Hayesiana, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 1,

f. 17, 281

48. Clathurella concentricostata. Reeve, Icon., f. 279, . 258

PLATE 16.

49. Clathurella oxyclathrus, Martens. Martens, Mittheil.,

t. 9, f. 1, . . . . . . .283

50. Clathurella octangula, Dunker. Dunker, Moll. Japon.,

t. l,f. 18, 283

51. Clathurella sculptilis, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871,

t. l,f. 19, 282

52. Clathurella tenuilirata, Angas. Ibid., f. 18, . . 281

53. Mangilia Bertiniana, Tapp.-Canefri (= rubida). Bull.

Soc. Zool., Hi, t. 6, f. 7, . . ~ . . .271

54. Mano-ilia roseotincta, Montrouz, Jour, de Conch.,

1873, t. 4, f. 1, 272

55. Clathurella Robillai-di, Barclay. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869,

t. 19. f. 2, 284

396 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

56. Glathurella lirata, Reeve, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 281, 296

57. Mangilia albicans, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 243, 259

58. Mangilia albovirgulata, Souv. Jour, de Conch., 1860,

t. 2, f. 12, 274

59. Mangilia metula, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 238, 269

60. Mangilia variculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 194, . 257

61. Clathurella bicolor, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, t.

1, f. 20, 284

62. Mangilia aspera, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 224, 269

63. Mangilia quisqualis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 230, . . . 257

64. Mangilia rigida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 216, . . . .269

65. Mangilia Dorvillise, Gray, f . Ibid., f. 249, . . .267

66. Clathurella efflcta, Reeve (= vultuosa). Ibid., f. 302, 296

67. Mangilia cfelata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 241, . . .258
68,70. Clathurella Delosensis, Reeve (=clathrata, Serres).

Ibid., f. 365 a, 6, 276

69. Clathurella nexa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 282, . . .287

71. Mangilia ericea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 188, . . . .258

72. Clathurella parvula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 254, . . .288

73. Clathurella foveolata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 342, . . 288

74. Clathurella reflexa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 252, . . .288

75. Clathurella albifuniculata, Reeve (= tincta). Ibid.,

f. 350, . . 292

76. Clathurella tincta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 347, . . .292

77. Clathurella obtusa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 356, . . . 294

78. Clathurella scalaris, Hinds. Ibid., f. 233, . . .287

79. Clathurella puncticincta, 'Reeve. Ibid., f. 258, . .2^0

80. Clathurella granicostata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 323, . . 287

81. Clathurella Philippinensis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 109 a, .287

82. Clathurella fimbriata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 208, . . 288

83. Clathurella retusa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 234, . . .290

PLATE 17.

84. Clathurella albocincta, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871,

t. l,f. 22, 285

85. Clathurella pustulata, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877,

t. 5, f. 14, . . 285

86. Clathurella Lallamantiana, Crosse (= Letourneuxiana,

var.). Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 11, f. 5, . . . 286

87. Clathurella Letourneuxiana, Crosse. Ibid., f. 7, . 286

88. Clathurella rufinodis, Martens (= granicostata). Mar-

tens, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 2, . . . . . 287

89. Clathurella zonulata, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867,

t. 13, f. 17, 285

90. Clathurella bicarinata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii,

t. 15, f. 23, ... ....

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 397

FIQUBE. — PAOE.

91. Daphnella Yincentina, Crosse. Jour, de Conch, 1865,

t. 11, f. 6, 311

92. Clathurella modesta, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877,

t. 5, f. 15 285

93. Clathurella Brenchleyi, Angas. Ibid., f. 12, . . 285

94. Clathurella gracilispira, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879,

t. 19, f. 25, ... . .286

95. Clathurella carinulata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1875,

t. 13, f. 6, . . 289

96. Clathurella rubroguttata, H. Ad. (= tincta). Proc.

Zool. Soc., 1872, t. 3, f. 25, . 292

97. Borsonia nigrocincta, Montrouz. Jour, de Conch.,

1873, t. 4, f. 2, 228

98. Clathurella Brazieri, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. l,f. 21, 295

99. Clathurella pulcherrima, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 1872,

t. 3, f. 26, .... . 289

100. Clathurella rufozonata, Ans;as. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5,

f. 13, 285

1. Lachesis multiplicata, Forbes. (Enl. ?) Reeve, Conch.

Icon., f. 64 &, 225

2. Clathurella arctata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 294, 294

3. Clathurella Polynesiensis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 304, 291

4. Clathurella bilineata, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t.l,f. 23, 288

5. Clathurella eximia, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 82, 290

6. Clathurella amabilis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 308, . '. . 287

7. Clathurella foraminata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 301, . .288

8. Clathurella micans, Hinds. Ibid., f. 227, . . . 290

9. Clathurella canaliculata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 348, . . 284

10. Clathurella cavernosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 303 . . 290

11. Mangilia fusoides, Reeve (= gracilenta). Ibid., f. 349, 252

12. Clathurella Hindsii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 119, . . .289

13. Clathurella glumacea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 240, . .291

14. Clathurella sculpta, Hinds. Ibid., f. 154, . . . 280

15. Clathurella tricarinata, Val. Ibid., f 121 6, . .289

16. Clathurella debilis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 187, . . .282

17. Clathurella Metcalfiana, Reeve. Ibid., f. 229, . .288

18. Clathurella felina, Hinds. Ibid., f. 80, . . .292

19. Clathurella dentifera, Hinds. Ibid., f. 236, . . .291

20. Clathurella pyramidula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 260, . .286

PLATE 18.

21. Mangilia obesicostata Reeve (= Guarani). Conch.

Icon., f. 265, . . 247

22. Clathurella angulifera, Reeve. Ibid., f. 360, . . 278

23. Clathurella cTOrbignyi, Reeve (= candidula). Ibid.,

f. 359, . " . ... 278

398 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE,

24. Clathurella candidula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 358, • . . 278

25. Clathurella clathrata, Reeve (= candidula). Ibid., f. 361, 278

26. Clathurella turbinelloides. Reeve. Ibid., f. 295, . . 280

27. Clathurella macrostoma, Reeve. • Ibid., f. 362, . . 279

28. Clathurella occidental, Reeve. Ibid., f. 357, . . 279

29. Clathurella rubricata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 321, . . 279

30. Mario-ilia laqueata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 280, . . . 246

31. Clathurella quadrata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 253, . . 278

32. Clathurella merita, Hinds. Ibid., f. 148, . . .280

33. Clathurella Leufroyi, Mich. Ibid., f. 131, . . .276

34. Clathurella linearis, Mont. Ibid., f. 296, . . .276

35. Clathurella reticulata, Ren. (= Cordieri, Payr.). Ibid.,

f. 122, 275

36. Mana:ilia costata, Gray (= trilineata, Ads.). Ibid., f.

298, 247

37. Daphnella Forthinensis, Reeve (= accincta, Montg.).

Ibid., f. 246, 310

38. Daphnella gracilis, Mont. Ibid., f. 50, . . .312

39. Daphnella teres, Forbes (= anceps, Eichw.). Ibid., f.

161, 312

40. Clathurella purpurea, Blainv. Ibid., f. 136, . . 275

41. Clathurella purpurea, var. Philberti. Ibid., f. 129, . 275

42. Clathurella rava, Hinds. Ibid., f. 250, . . .296

43. Clathurella scalpta, Reeve (=rmonilifera,Sowb.). Ibid.,

f. 338, . . 278

44. Clathurella Guildingii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 268, . . 279

45. Daphnella Forbesii, Reeve (= brachystoma, Phil.).

Ibid., f. 339, ......... 308

46. Clathurella occata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 197, . . .280

PLATE 19.

47. Clathurella Martensi, Novill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,

1875, t. 7,f. 8, . . 291

48. Clathurella Blanfordi, Nevill. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 291

49. Clathurella Smithii, Nevill. Ibid., t. 8, f. 13, . 292

50. Mangilia apiculata, Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser.,

iv, t. 10, f. 2, 273

51. Mangilia canaliculata, Pease (= rubida, Hinds). Am.

Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 17, 271

52. Clathurella scalarina, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, t. 12,

f. 12, 296

53. Clathurella albostrigata, Baird. Voy. Curacoa, t. 37,

f. 3, 292

54. Clathurella cyclophora, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, t.

12, f. 19, . . . 292

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 399

FIGURE. — FAiHS.

55. Clathurella contortula, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,

1875, t. 7, f. 12, 294

56. Clathurella Reeveana, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, 1. 12,

f. 5, . 291

57. Clathurella rtigosa, Migh. Donum.Bism., t. 1, f. 5, . 296

58. Clathurella Enginoeformis, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc.

Beng., 1875, t. 7, f. 9, 294

59. Clathurella Armstrong!, Nevill. Ibid., f. 13, . .294

60. Clathurella Masoni, Nevill. Ibid., f. 7, ... 293

61. Clathurella singularis, Nevill. Ibid., f. 10, . . . 293

62. Borsonia nigrocincta, Montr. Ibid., f. 6, . . 228

63. Clathurella producta, Pease. Donum Bismark, t. 1,

f. 3, 298

64. Mangilia obesa, Garrett. Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 36, 273

65. Clathurella perplexa, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,

1875, t. 7, f. 5, 298

66. Clathurella dsedalea, Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Philad.,

1873, t. 2, f. 33, .. . . 294

67. Clathurella clandestina, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, t.

12, f. 15, . . . 298

68. Clathurella pumila, Mighels. Donum Bism., t. 1, f. 2, 298

69. Clathurella infrasulcata, Garrett (— cavernosa). Proc.

A. N. S. Phila., 1873, t. 2, f. 35, . . . . 290

70. Clathurella maculosa, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t.

15, f. 16, . ....... . . .293

71. Clathurella Nagasakiensis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879,

t. 19,f..l3, . 286

72. Clathurella semilineata, Garrett (= granosa, Dunker).

Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 37, 295

73. Clathurella Darnleyensis, Brazier. Specimen, . . 256

74. Clathurella punctifera, Garrett. Phila. Proc, 1873, t.

2, f. 39, 293

75. Clathurella tumida, Pease (= Reeveana, Desh.). Am.

Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 14, . . . . . 291

PLATE 20.

76. Clathurella, purpurata, Souv. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser.,

i, t. 11, f. 8, 298

77. Mangilia Montrouzieri, Souv. Ibid., f. 7, . . . 273

78. Clathurella torquata, Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 14, 275

79. Clathurella scabrum, Jeffreys (= Cordieri, Payr.).

Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., ii, t. 5, f. 9 6, . . 275

80. Clathurella affinis, Dall. Calif. Proc., v, t. 2, f, 7, . 281

81. Clathurella violacea, Pease (= clandestina, Desh.).

Am. Journ. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 15, . . . .298

82. Clathurella Antillarum, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 24, f. 2, . 279

400 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PA OK

83. Clathurella Auberiana, d'Orb. (= rubricata, Reeve).

Cuba, t. 24, f. 5, 279

84. Clathurella elatior, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 35, . .279

85. Clathurella Lavalleana, d'Orb. (= Antillarum). Cuba,

t.24, f. 7, 279

86. Daphnella amoena, Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 17, f. 10 a, . 313

87. Clathurella Caribaea, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 32, . .279

88. Clathurella Vespucciana, d'Orb. (= Antillarum). Cuba,

t. 24, f. 13, 279

89. Clathurella labiosa, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 75, f. 9, 292

90. Clathurella pulchella, Garrett (= purpurascens, Dkr.).

Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 32, 298

91. Clathurella Canfieldi, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t.

15, f. 9, . 280

92. Clathurella Jewetti, Stearns i= plicata, Ads.). Proc.

Phila. Acad., 1873, p. 346, 277

93. Clathurella Candeana, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 24, f. 10, . 279

94. Mangilia subula, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 211, . . 270

95. Clathurella inflexa, Martens. Mittheil., t. 21, f. 10, . 280

96. Clathurella pinguis, Garrett (= Malleti, Recluz).

Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 38, 297

97. Daphnella polita, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 150, . . 311

98. Mangilia sordida, Reeve. Icon., f. 286, . . . 254

99. Clathurella caelata, Garrett. Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2,

f. 34, 295

100. Clathurella Malleti, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iii, t. 10,

f. 2, 297

1. Mangilia hexagonalis, Reeve. Reeve. Icon., f. 293, . 251

2. Mangilia nitens, Hinds. Ibid., f. 189, .... 253

3. Mangilia pseudocarinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 256, . . 254

4. Mangilia obeliscus, Reeve (= hexagonalis). Ibid., f. 56, 251

5. Mangilia opalus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 274, . . . 253

6. Daphnella ignifera, Reeve. Ibid., f. 214, . . .302

PLATE 21.

7. Daphnella JEgeensis, Forbes (= turgida, Forbes).

Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 164, 308

8. Bela septangularis, Montg. Ibid., f. 322, . . .223

9. Bela Ginnaniana, Scacchi (? = septangularis). Ibid.,

f. 45, . . . 223

10. Mangilia Sicula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 1, . . . .244

11. Daphnella Isevigata, Phil. (= nebula). Ibid., f. 291, . 307

12. Mangilia Bertram!!, Payr. Ibid., f. 46, . . .244

13. Mangilia tseniata, Desh. Ibid., f. 351, .... 243

14. Clathurella lineolata, Gray. Ibid., f. 337, . . .295

15. Daphnella abyssicola, Forbes. Ibid., f. 157, . . .309

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 401

PAGE.

16. Daphnella minuta, Forbes. Ibid., f. 158, . . .309

17. Mangilia Vauquelini, Payr. Ibid., f. 108, . . 243

18. Mangilia rigida, Reeve (= Vauquelini). Ibid., f. 40, 243

19. Daphnella striolata, Scacchi (= costulata, Bl.). Ibid.,

f. 320 309

20. Daphnella nebula, Mont. Ibid., f. 198, . 307

21. Daphnella Cycladensis, Forbes (= braehystoma, Phil.).

Ibid., f. 289 308

22. Drillia affinis, Gray (= flavescens. Reeve). Ibid., f.

309, .194

23. Daphnella Lceviana, Forbes (== costulata, Blainv.).

Ibid., f. 290, 309

24. Daphnella attenuata, Mont. Ibid., f. 248, . . . 308

25. Daphnella turgida, Forbes. Ibid., f. 163, . . .308

26. Mangilia cavernosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 8, . . . 251

27. Mangilia Dysoni, Reeve. Ibid., f. 29 247

28. Mangilia planilabroides, Try on (= planilabrum, Rve.).

Ibid., f. 43, 263

29. Daphnella fortis, Forbes (== turgida, Fbs.). Ibid., f.

165, . .308

30. Mangilia pentagonalis, Gray. Ibid., f. 255, . . 246

31. Mangilia trifasciata, Gray (= bilineata, C. B. Ad.).

Ibid., 1. 297, 247

32. Mangilia luteofasciata, Reeve (= albovittata, Ad.).

Ibid., f. 239, ' . .248

33. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve, Ibid., f. 287, . . .301

34. Mangilia undaticosta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 284, . .251

35. Mangilia bella, Hinds. Ibid., f. 146, . . . .249

36. 37. Daphnella pessulata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 115 a, 6, .311

38. Mangilia formicaria, Sowb. Ibid., f. 247, . . .250

39. Daphnella plumbea, Hinds. Ibid., f. lol, . . .300

40. Mangilia symmetrica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 340, . . 247

41. Mangilia badia, Reeve. Ibid., f. 60, . . . . 247

PLATE 22.

42. Bela secalina, Phil, (septangularis). Moll. Sicil., ii, t.

26, f. 9, . 223

43. Daphnella cerina, Kurtz and Stimpson. Shells N.

Eng., t. 2, f. 2, 310

44. Mangilia rngulosa, Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 8, . 245

45. Daphnella braehystoma, Phil. Ibid., f. 10, . . . 308

46. Mangilia Guarani, d'Orb. Voy. Amer., t. 77, f. 14, . 247

47. Mangilia luctuosa, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 29, . . 246

48. Mangilia Fairbankii, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,

1875, t. 7, f. 2, 270

402 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

49. Daphnella decussata, Phil. (= nuperrima, Tiberi).

Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 23, . . . . 307

50. Mangilia brevis, Pease (— cithara, Gould). Am. Jour.

Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 11, . . . . . .263

51. Mangilia gemmulata, Deshayes (= interrupta, Reeve).

Moll. Reunion, t. 12, f. 8, 2G5

52. Mangilia fulvocincta, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,

1875, t. 7,f. 1, . .252

53. Mangilia multilirieolata, Deshayes. Expl. Moree, 1. 19,

f. 46 244

54. Daphnella variegata, Carpenter. Specimen, . . 300

55. Mangilia splendlda, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1867, t. 19,

f/24, 255

56. Mangilia interlirata, Stearns. Cal. Proc., iv, t. 1, f. 10, 248

57. Daphnella interfossa, Carpenter. Specimen, . . 310

58. Mangilia Coppingeri, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 4,

f/2, 255

59. Daphnella fulgurans, Krauss. Sudaf. Moll., t. 6, f. 11, 311

60. Mangilia robusticostata, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t.

19, f. 28, . . . . . . . . . .255

61. Mangilia insculpta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863,

t. 37, f. 8, 256

62. Mangilia costulata, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 20, . 255

63. Mano-ilia trivittata, Ad. and Reeve (=,pellucida). Moll.

Samarang, t. 10, f. 9, 266

64. Clathurella apicalis, Montr. (= felina, Hinds). Jour.

de Conch., 3d ser.,i, t. 11, f. 6, 292

65. Mangilia coniformis, Souverb. (= Souverbiei)_ Jour.

de Conch., 1875, t. 13, f. 5, 264

66. Mangilia v'ittata, Hinds. Yoy. Sulph., t. 9, f. 3, . . 269

67. Mangilia angulosa, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 75,

f. 10, . . . . . . . . .256

68. Mangilia flavescens, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5,

f. 11 256

69. Mangilia scalata, Souverb. (= angicostata). Jour, de

Conch., 1874, t. 7, f. 4, 252

70. Mangilia Leuckarti, Dunker (== costulata). Moll.

Japon., t. 1, f. 1, 255

71. Mangilia Deshayesii, Dunker. Ibid., t. 1, f. 3, . .256

72. Mangilia picta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, t.

37, f. 7, 256

73. Daphnella Jacksonensis, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t.

5, f. 10, .311

PLATE 23.

74. 75. Mangilia interrupta, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 16 a, &, 265
76. Mangilia pura, Reeve. Ibid., f. 63, . . . 254

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 403

77. Mangilia, lineata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 42, . . . . 253

78. Mangilia pallida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 34, . . 25^ ^

79. Mangilia zonala, Reeve. Ibid., f. 15, . . . . 254

80. Mangilia iivida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 28, .. . 253

81. Dapimella casta, Hinds. (== Reeveana, Tryon). Ibid.,

f. 55, . ...... . . 305

82. Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 13, v, . 267

83. Mangilia fulva, Reeve (= lutescens, Reeve). Ibid.,

f. 271, ......... 253

84. Mangilia castanea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 48, ... 255

85. Mangilia angicostata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 327, . . .252

86. Mangilia semen, Reeve. Ibid., f. 333, .... 254

87. Mangilia plaiiilabrum. Ibid., f. 88, . . . 263

88. Mangilia contracta, Reeve (= gracilenta). Ibid.,

f. 116, ......... 251

89. Mangilia clara, Reeve. Ibid. , f . 190, . . . .252

90. Clathurella albibalteata, Reeve (= Cumingii, Powis).

Ibid., f. 84, ........ 283

91. Clathurella Tritonoidcs, Reeve. Ibid., f. 85, . . 283

92. Mangilia cylindrica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 9 b, . . 267

93. Mangilia pyramidalis, Reeve. Ibid., t. 5, f. 1.3, . . 261

94. Mangilia oryza, Hinds. Ibid., f. 37, . . . . 259

95. Mangilia vitrea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 300, .... 254

96. Mangilia Zebuensis, Reeve (== derelicta, Rve.). Ibid.,

C, 68, ......... .266

97. Dapimella urnnla, Reeve. Ibid., f. 245, . . .306

98. Mangilia gracilenta, Reeve. Ibid. , f . 114, . . .251

99. Mangilia cornea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 341, . . .253
100. Dapimella a3ruginosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 261, . . 311

1. Mangilia Stromboides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 33, . . . 264

2. Mangilia fnsiformis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 19, ... 268

3. Mangilia elegans. Reeve. Ibid., f 41, . . . 264

4. Mangilia conohelicoides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 25, . . 262

5. Mangilia ponderosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 44, . . . 262

PLATE 24.

0. Mangilia vittata, Reeve (= exqnisita, Smith). Reeve,

Conch. Icon., f. 53, ....... 269

7. Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 13 a, ... 267

8. Mangilia vexillum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 2 a, . . . 265

9. Mangilia cylindrica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 9 6, . . . 267

10. Mangilia reticnlata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 17, . • . 262

11. Mangilia balteata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 57, ... 247

12. Mangilia Antillarum, Reeve. Ibid. , f . 4ft, . . .261

13. Mangilia c}rtharella, Lam. Ibid., f. 5, . . . . 257

14. Mangilia lyra, Reeve (= cytharella). Ibid., f. 3, . 257

404 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

15. Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 11 a, . . . 267

16. Mangilia funiciilata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 7, . . . 267

17. Mangilia Columbelloides, Reeve (— Marginelloides).

Ibid., f. 246 261

18. Man^ilia pusilla, Reeve ( = funebris, Reeve). Ibid.,

f. 50, 251

19. Mangilia abyssicola, Reeve. Ibid., f. 30 a, . . . 260

20. Mangilia pulchella, Reeve. Ibid., f. 18 a, . . .265

21. Mangilia lyrica. Ibid., f. 206, . . . . .268

22. Mangilia Marginelloides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 6 a, . .261

23. Mangilia turricula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 53, . . .268

24. Mangilia tribbosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 21, . . . 266

25. Mangilia Novae-Hollandiae, Reeve (= gibbosa, Rve.).

Ibid., f. 27, 266

26. Mangilia astricta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 59, ... 260

27. Mangilia funebris, Reeve. Ibid., f. 32, ... 251

28. Mangilia angulata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 62, ... 259

29. Mangilia cincta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 69, . . . . 259

30. Mangilia derelicta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 66, . . . 266

31. Mangilia pellucida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 61, . . . 266

PLATE 25.

32. Mangilia Delacouriana, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872,

t. 2, f. 4, 263

33. Mangilia daedalea, Pease (= debilis, Pse.). Am. Jour.

Conch , iii, t. 15, f. 13, . . . . . .270

34. Mangilia angela, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863,

t. 3, f. 21, 267

35. Mangilia Balansai, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1873, t.

5, f. 5, 264

36. Mangilia bella, Ad. and Angas (= Boakei, Nevill).

Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 37, f. 6, 270

37. Mangilia decussata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t.

15, f. 10, 263

38. Clathurella alba, Desh. Moll. Reunion, t. 12, f. 17, .296

39. Daphnella varicifera, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii.,

t. 15, f. 21. 301

40. Mangilia Isseli, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 7, f. 17, 272

41. Daphnella dentata, Sou verb. Jour, de Conch., xviii,

t. 14, f. 5, 305

42. Mangilia dubiosa, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 7,

f. 18, 264

43. Mangilia cithara, Gould. Wilkes Exped. Moll., f. 3 6, 263

44. Mangilia gradata, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 7, f. 15, 262

45. Mangilia Richardi, Crosse (= reticulata, Rve A Jour.

de Conch., 1872, t. 2, f. 3, 262

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 405

F GURE. FAOE.

46. Mangilia onager, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 18*75, t.

13, f. 4, . . .272

47. Mangilia Guestieri, Souverb. (= reticulata, Rve.).

Jour, de Conch., 1873, t. 4, f. 8, . . . . 262

48. Man^ilia Isseli, var. cernica, Nevill. Jour. Bengal,

1875, t, 7,f. 16, . . . . 272

49. Daphnella compta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863,

t. 37, f. 5, . . 306

52. Mangilia unilineata, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii,

t. 30, f. 13, 272

51. Mangilia triticea, Kiener. Iconog., t. 27, f. 3, . . 268

50. Mangilia interstriata, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t.

30, f. 13, ... 272

53. Mangilia biclathrata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1873,

t. 4, f. 4, 272

54. Daphnella trivaricosa. Martens. Mauritius, t. 20, f. 1, 305

55. Daphnella crenulata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t.

15, f. 20, 304

56. Clathurella subzonata, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t. 19,

f. 27, 284

57. Daphnella vitrea, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., 1873,

t. 3,f. 60, .303

58. Borsonia Giliberti, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1874, t.

7, f. 2 . . . • . .228

59. Clathurella fuscobalteata, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t.

19, f. 26, 284

60. Daphnella Lymneiformis, Kiener. Iconog., t. 22, f. 3, . 300

61. Daphnella aspera, Carp. Specimen, .... 317
. 62. Daphnella gracilior, Hemphill. Specimen, . . .317

63. Daphnella filosa, Carp. Specimen, . . . .317

PLATE 26.

64. Mangilia abyssicola, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 30 &, . 260

65. Mangilia bicolor, Reeve. Ibid., f. 31, . . . . 268

66. Mangilia pessulata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 38, ... 260

67. Mangilia Hornbeckii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 47, . . . 248

68. Mangilia Reevei, Try on (== crassilabrum, Reeve). Ibid.,

f. 36, . . .' 265

69. Mangilia lamellata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 12, . . . 265

70. Mangilia tenebrosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 26 a, . . . 260

71. Mangilia obesa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 262

72. Mangilia maculata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 22 a, . . 259

73. Mangilia capillaeea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 10, . . . 263

74. Mangilia fasciata, Gray. Ibid., f. 52, . . . .269

75. Daphnella saturata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 213, . . . 303

76. Clathurella Cumingii, Powis. Ibid., f. 110 a, . . 283

406 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

77. Daphnella aureola, Reeve. Ibid., f. 212, . . .302

78. Daphnella flammea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 210, . . .302

79. Mano-ilia coniformis, Gray. Ibid., f. 67, . . . 264

80. Daplmella delicata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 310, . . .301

81. Daplmella pluricarinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 288, . . 304

82. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve-. Ibid., f. 280, . . .301

83. Clathurella fenestrata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 319, . . 283

84. Daphnella Ticaonica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 270, . . .304

85. Daphnella axis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 3-11, .... 304

86. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve. Ibid., f. 269, . . .301

87. Daphnella aegrota. Reeve. Ibid., f. 276, . . . 305

88. Daphnella ornata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 209, . . .302

89. Daphnella patula, Reeve (== Lymneiformis). Ibid., f.

215, . . . . 300

90. Daplmella fragilis, Reeve (= Lymneiformis, var.).

Ibid., f. 179, 300

91. Clathurella lactea, Reeve (== tricarinata, Rve.). Ibid.,

f. 123o, 289

92. Daplmella Boholensis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 112 a, . .301

93. Daphnella Lymnseformis, Kiener. Ibid., f. 325, . . 300

94. Daphnella crebriplicata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 313, . . 305

95. Daphnella Daphnelloides, Reeve (=:marmorata, Hinds).

Ibid., f. 206, 302

96. Daphnella casta, Hinds. Ibid., f. 336, . . . .300

97. Daphnella olyra, Reeve. Ibid., f. 207, . . . .306

98. Daphnella inquinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 283, . . .304

PLATE 27.

1. Daphnella tessellata, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., t. 3,

f. 61, 1873, 303

2. Daphnella millegrana, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 59, . . 303

3. Lachesis pellis-phocse, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.

263, 225

4. Lachesis multiplicata, Forbes (= minima). Reeve,

Icon., f. 364, .224

5. Daphnella varicosa, Sonverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1874,

t. 7, f. 3, 305

6. Pieurotoma clavulus, Sowb. (= Columbella, Manual, v.

184). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 106.

t. Mangilia Goodalli, Gray. Ibid., f. 58, . . . .260

8, 9. Clathurella Rissoides, Reeve. Ibid., f. Ill a, 6, . 281

JO. Manp-ilia solida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 64, . . . .274

11. Mangilia marmorosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 54, . . . 272

12. Mangilia Celebensie, Hinds. Ibid., f. 49, . . .260
l:;. Mangilia nana, Reeve (= cincta, Reeve). Ibid. , f. 71. . 2;V.)
14. Mangilia triticea, Kiener. Ibid., f. 128, . . . 268

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 401

FIGURE. i'AGfi.

15. Daphnella fusiformis, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad.,t.

3, f. 58, 1873, 303

16. Daphnella curta, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15,

f. 22, 304

17. Mangilia cinnamomea, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.

39, 266

18. Bela Groenlandica, Reeve (= B bicarinata, Couth.).

Ibid., f. 343, 214

19. Mangilia coronata, Hinds,. Ibid., f. 51, . . .260

20. Bela viridula, Moll. (= Col. Holbolii, Beck). Ibid., f.

306, 223

21. Bela scalaris, Vahl (= decussata). Ibid., f. 277, . 217

22. Bela turricula, Montg. Ibid., f. 162, . . .219

23. Daphnella dormitor, Sowb. Sowb., Thes. Conch., i, t.

40, f, 173, 318

24. Mangilia digitalis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 70, . . 268

25. Bela leucostoma, Reeve (= decussata). Ibid., f. 278, 217

26. Bela livida, Moll. (= Bela bicarinata, Couth.). Ibid.,

f. 316, . . .214

27. Bela Molleri, Reeve (— concinnula, Yerrill). Ibid.,

f. 324, . 220

28. Bela Lyciaca, Forbes. Ibid., f. 160, . . . .221

29. Bela decussata, Macg. (= Trevelyana). Ibid., f. 159, 221

30. Bela Vahlii, Moll. (= pyramidalis). Ibid., f. 332, . 215

31. Bela rugulata, Moll. (= bicarinata). Ibid., f. 345, . 214

PLATE 28.

32. Bela bicarinata, Couth. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 12, 214

33. Bela violacea/Mighels (= bicarinata). Ibid., 1. 17, f. 2, 214

34. Bela violacea, var. levior, Sars (= bicarinata). Ibid.,

t. 17, f. 3, 214

35. 36. Bela tenuicostata, Sars (= decussata). Ibid.,t. 17,

f. 16, a, . 217

37. Bela harpularia, var. rosea, Sars (= turricula). Ibid.,

t. 23, f. 10, 219

38. Bela declivis, Loven. Ibid., t. 16, f. 10, ... 218

39. Bela scalaroides, Sars (= turricula). Ibid., t. 23, f. 7, 219

40. Bela pyramidalis, Strom. Ibid., t. 16, f. 3, . . . 215

41. Bela nobilis, Moller (= turricula). Ibid., t. 16, f. 19, . 219

42. Bela nobilis, juv., Sars (= Americana). Ibid., t. 16,

f. 20, . ..220

43. Mangilia imperfectum, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, t. 5,

f. 17, 250

44. Bela assimilis, Sars (= turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv.,

t. 23, f. 8, 219

45. Bela harpularia, Sars (= turricula). Ibid., t. 16, f. 17, 219

27

408 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIOUBJB. PAGB.

46. Bela angulosa, Sars (= cancellata, Moll.). Ibid., t.

16, f. 16, . 218

47. Bela pyramidalis, var. semiplicata. Ibid., t. 16, f. 4, . 215

48. Bela cinerea, Moller. Ibid., t. 23, f. 4, ... 218

49. Bela cancellata, Sars (= Sarsii, Verrill). Ibid., t. 23,

f. 3, 218

50. Bela obliqua, Sars. Ibid., t. 16, f. 6, . . . .219

PLATE 29.

51. Bela harpularia, Couth. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43,

f. 14, 219

52. Bela expansa, Sars. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 17, f. T, .216

53. Bela elegans, Moll. (= cancellata). Ibid., t. 16, f. 15, 218

54. Bela concinnula Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43,

f. 15, 220

55. Bela decussata, Couth. Ibid., t. 43, f. 13, . . . 217

56. Bela simplex, Middendorff (== Schantarica). Reise, t.

12, f. 16, . 214

57. Bela mitrula, Loven (= turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv.,

t. 23, f. 9, . . 219

58. Pleurotomella Agassizi, Yerrill and Smith. Trans.

Conn. Acad., v, t. 57, f. 3, 316

59. Pleurotomella Packardi, Verrill. Ibid., t. 43, f. 9, . 316

60. Bela pygmsea, Verrill (= decussata). Ibid., t. 57, f. 8, 217

61. Bela conoidea, Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 14, . . 221

62. Pleurotomella Pandionis, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad.,

v, t. 57, f. 4, . . . . 316

63. Taranis pulchella, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t.

57, f. 17, 315

64. Bela Pingeli, Moller. Ibid., t. 43, f. 16, ... 217

65. Bela incisula, Verrill (= decussata). Ibid., t. 43, f. 12, 217

66. Taranis Morchi, Malm. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 17, f. 8, . 315

67. Bela cancellata, Mighels. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43,

f. 10, . . .218

68. Bela Gouldii, Verrill (= Americana, var.). Ibid., t. 57,

f. 6, 220

69. Bela hebes, Verrill (= decussata). Ibid., t. 57, f. 7, . 217

PLATE 30.

70. Mangilia Godeffroyi, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, t. 5,f. 12, 250

71. Clathurella nodosa, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 15, . . 299

72. Mangilia leucolabratum, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 13, . 250

73. Clathurella pustulosa, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 14, . . 298

74. Mangilia Carpenteri, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 11, . . 250

75. Mangilia hirsutum, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 16, . . 270

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 409

FIGURE.

76. Mangilia amabilis, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc., xliii, t.

l,f. 11, ......... 273

77. Clavatula sacerdos, Reeve. Jahf. Mai. Gesell., x, t. 3,

f. 10, .......... 229

78. Drillia umbilicata, Gray. Ibid., t. 3, f. 5, . . .179

79. Drillia callosa, Val. Ibid., t. 3, f. 3, . . . .192

80. Drillia tripter. Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 1, . . .208

81. Drillia consociata, Smith. Ibid., t. 3, f. 4, . . .192

82. Surcula pluteata, Reeve. Ibid., t. 3, f. 7, . . 240

83. Clavatula ferruginea, Maltzan (= rubrifasciata, Rve.).

Ibid., t. 3, f. 8, ........ 229

84. Clavatula Colini, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 9, . . . 230

85. Drillia Isevisulcata, Maltzan (= coccinata, Reeve).

Ibid., t. 3, f. 6, ........ 188

86. Daphnella mediofasciata, Maltzan (= nebula, var.).

Ibid , t, 3, f. 12, ....... 307

87. Mangilia subclathrata, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 13, . 245

88. Mangila Struckii, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 14, . .245

89. Daphnella Senegalensis, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 15, . 310

90. Drillia ballista, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 2, . . . 208

91. Mangilia Goreensis, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 11, . .246

92. Bela pleurotomaria, Couth. Gould, Invert. Mass., f.

625, ....... . . .215

93. Bela turricula, Montg. Ibid., f. 620, . . . .219

94. Bela Kobelti, Verk. (=decussata). Jahrb. Mai. Gesell.,

iii, t. 4, f. 5, ........ 217

95. Lachesis Turqueti, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper., vi, t.

2, f. 18, ......... 226

96. Bela Isevigata, Dall. (= Schantarica). Am. Jour.

Conch., vii, t. 16, f. 7, ... . 214

97. Bela gigas, Beck (= Schantarica). Jahrb. Mai. Gesell.,

ii, t. 8, f 6? ........ 214

98. Clathurella plicata, Adams. Gould, Invert. Mass., f.

619, . ....... 277

PLATE 31.

1. Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Reeve, Icon., xiv, fig. 1 d, . 318

2. Pusionella aculeiformis, Lam. Kiener, Iconog. Fusus,

t. 29, f. 2, . ....... 234

3. Pusionella Catelini, Petit (= aculeiformis). Jour, de

Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 2, . ...... 234

4. Pusionella buccinatus, Lam (= vulpina, Born.). Kie-

ner, Iconog. Fusus, t. 8, f. 2, ..... 234

5. Pusionella Recluziana, Petit (= vulpina). Jour, de

Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 1, . . . .234

410 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

MGUOT.

6. Pusionella albocincta, Petit (= vulpina). Jour, de

Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 12, 234

7. Pusionella Milleti, Petit. Jour de Conch., ii, 1. 1, f. 6, ! 235

8. Pusionella subgranulata, Petit (= Milleti). Jour, de

Conch., ii, t. 2, f. ], 235

9. Pusionella valida, Dunker. Novit. Conch., t. 10, f. 1,. 234

10. Pusionella Candida, Phil. (? = valida). Abbild. iii,

Fusus, t. 5, f. 7, 234

11. Pusionella rapnlum, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Buc-

cinum, f. 83, 235

12. Pusionella. Wallaysii, Petit (= rapulum). Jour, de

Conch., ii, t. 1,'f. 7 235

13. 14. Pusionella nifat, Brug. Kiener, Fusus, t. 23, f. 1 •

t- 24, f. 2, ' .' I 235

PLATE 32.

15. Perrona taxus, Chemn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 10, f. 1, . 231

16. Pleurotoraa difflcilis, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19 f . 8

1879, . . 173

17. Bela fidicula, Gould. Moll. Wilkes Exped., f. 284, . 222

18. Bela subluta, Gould. Ibid., f. 286, .... ^22

19. Drillia tiarella, Kiener (=nigerrima, Sowb.). Iconog.,

t. 3,f. 2, . . . 196

20. Clathurella granulosissima, Tenison-Woods. Speci-

men, 282

21. Lachesis minima, Mont. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 7,

1868, 224

22. Lachesis lineolata, Tiberi (= candidissima). Ibid., t.

5, f. 5, 1868, . 225

23. Lachesis candidissima, Phil. Ibid., t. 5, f. 4, 18H8, . 225

24. Lachesis mamillata, Risso (= minima). Ibid., t. 5,

f. 6, 1868, 224

25. Lachesis Folinag, Phil. Phil., Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f.

10, 225

26. Lachesis meridionalis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 4,

f- 3, .226

27. Clathurella sculptilior, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . 282

28. Daphnella nana, Loven. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.

Moll.,t. 112, f. 8, 315

29. Daphnella delicatula, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . 302

30. Clathurella volutella, Kiener (= inflata). Kiener,

Iconog., t. 25, f. 1, 274

31. Daphnella teres, Forbes (= anceps, Eichw.). Forbes

and Hanley, t. 113, f. 2, . . 313

32. Mangilia albida, Desh. Expl. Moree, t. 19, f. 22, . 245

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 411

FIGURE. PAGE.

33. Mangilia Sandriana, Brusina (= Paciniana). Jahrb.

Mai. Gesell., i, t. 10, f. 5, 243

34. Clathurella Cordieri, Payr. Payr., Moll. Corse., t. 7.

f. 11, 275

35. Bela rufa, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, t. 112, f. 3, . 224

36. Surcula astricta, Reeve. Weinkauff, Kiister; t. 9, f. 4, 240

37. Mangilia coarctata, Forbes and Hanley (= costata).

Forbes and Hanley, t. 114 a, f. 5, . . . . 244
38 Drillia crenularis, Lam. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 10, f. 6. 178

39. Clavatula patruelis, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 10,

1879, . .230

40. Clathurella felina, Hinds. Yoy. Sulphur, t. 7, f. 4, . 292

41. Drillia acuminata, Migh. Martens, Don. Bism., t. 1,

f . 1 190

42. Drillia inermis, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. 5, f. 7, . . 182

43. Drillia duplicata, Weinkauff (= niaura). Kiister, t. 10,

f. 9, 181

44. Drillia lanceolata, Reeve. Martens, Mittheil., t. 8, f. 4 a, 181

45. 46. Drillia aterrima, Sowb. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 19,

f. 1; t. 17, f. 2, 194

47. Mangilia cserulans, Apellius (= Bertrandi). Bull. Mai.

Ital., ii, t. 4, f. 1, . . . . . .244

48. Drillia Beckii , Weink. (= unizonalis). Weinkauff, Kiis-

ter, t. 13, f. 4, . . 186

49. Mangilia melanostoma, Garrett ( = angicostata). Proc.

Philad. Acad., t. 2, f. 40, 1873, . . . > .252

50. Mangilia pygmaea, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 8, . 257

PLATE 33.

51. Halia Priamus,Meusch. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser.,iii,t.

5, f. 3, . . - . . . . . . .162

52. Bela rugulata, Moll. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 8, f. 13 a ; p,

proboscis ; a, intestine ; r, unciniferous sac, contain-
ing the radula ; u, poison gland ; 6, its excretory
canal, 151

53. Spirotropis carinata, Phil. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 9, f. 11, 155

54. Pleurotoma babylonia, Linn. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 3,

f. 12, 154

55. Bela rugulata, Moll. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 8, f. 13 c, . 156

56. 57. Clathurella Leufroyi, Mich. Ibid., t. 8, f. 2 fe, a, . 159

58. Clionella Buccinoides, Lam. Stinison, Am. Jour.

Conch., i, t. U, f. 13, 158

59. Surcula noditera, Lam. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 3, f. 13, 158

60. Bela rugulata, Moll. (= turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv.,t.

23, f. 6, . 219

412 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PACJB

61. Clathurella formosa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 44, f. 9,

1883, 297

62. Mangilia Companoyi, B.D.D. Moll. Rouss.,t. 15, f. 20, 245

63. Bela Novaja-Semljensis, Leche. Sven. Handl. , xvi, t. 1,

f. 15, .215

64. Bela Americana, Packard. Bost. Memoirs, i, t. 7, f. 11, 220

65. Bela Trevellyana, Turton. Forbes and Hanley, t. 112,

f. 2, . .221

66. Daphnella nebula, Montg., var. laevigata. Jeffreys,

Brit. Conch., t. 91, f. 3, 307

67. Lachesis recondita, Brugn. (= vulpecula, Mts.). Brug-

none, f. 15, 225

68. Clathurella rude, Phil. (= clathrata, Marcel). Phil.,

Moll. SiciL, i, t. 11, f. 16, ... . 276

69. Bela impressa, Beck. Leche, Sven. Handl., xvi, t. 1,

f. 16, 220

70. Bela Morchi, Leche (= Schantarica). Ibid., t. 1, f. 18, 214

71. Mangilia bicinctula, Nevill (= Boakei). Jour. As. Soc.

Beng.,xl, t. l,f. 15 a, 270

72. Bela Jenisensis, Leche (—pyramidalis). Leche, Sven.

Handl., xvi, t. l,f. 17, 215

73. Bela exigua, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 44, f. 10, 1883, . 216

74. Clathurella semiplicata, Bon. (== stria). Phil, Moll.

Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 18, . . 274

PLATE 34.

75. Bela Cunninghami, Smith (== subluta\ Zool. Proc.,

t. 4, f. 1, 1881, . .222

76. Bela Schantarica, Middendorff. Reise, t. 12, f. 18, . 214

77. Mangilia costata, Forbes and Hanley. Forbes and

Hanley, t. 114 a, f. 4, 244

78. Lachesis Japonica, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 29, 1879, 226

79. Drillia ostrearum, Stearns. Specimen, . . . 197

80. Pleurotoma virginea, Yal. Kiener, Iconog., t. 21, f. 2, 167

81. Bela rufa, Gould (= pyramidalis). Gould, Invert.

Mass., 1st ed., f. 192, . .... 215

82. Pleurotoma Philipineri, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . 167

83. Daphnella subvitrea, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 43,

1879, 314

84. Mangilia stellata, Stearns. Specimen, . . . 246

85. Clathurella concinna, , Scacchi. Cat., f. 18, . . .277

86. Mangilia pyramis, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 147, . . 253

87. Drillia castanea, Reeve. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 22, f. 4, 177

88. Mangilia unifasciata, Desh. Expl. Moree, t. 19, f. 34, 243

89. Drillia pygmaea, Dunker. Specimen, .... 206

90. Drillia Traillii, Button. Specimen, .... 206

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 413

WGUKB. TAQB.

91. Clathurella Sinclair!, Smith. Specimen, . . .283

92. Zafra pupoidea, Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 3, f. 27, 1872, . 314

93. Drillia minuta, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . . 210

94. Borsonia crassicostata, Pease. Specimen, . . . 227

95. Daphnella fuscoligata, Dall. Specimen, . . . 301

96. Mangilia striosa, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . . . 249

97. Mangilia ordinaria, Smith. Specimen, . . . 250

98. Clathurella mutica, Hinds. Yoy. Sulphur, t. 7, f. 10, . 286

99. Clathurella incrusta, Tenison-Woods (= Letourneux-

iana). Specimen, ....... 286

100. Daphnella atrostyla, Dall (= cerina, Kurtz and Stimp-

son, var.). Specimen, 310

1. Drillia thea, Dall. Specimen, 189

2. Drillia leucocyma, Dall (= zebra, var.). Specimen, . 197

3. Surcula olivacea, Sowb. Weinkauff, Conch. Cab., t. 8,

f. 2, . . . . . . . . .237

4. Bela Aleutica, Dall. Specimen, ..... 216

5. Bela Alaskensis, Dall. Specimen, .... 216

6. Drillia limonitella, Dall. Specimen, .... 320

7. Pleurotoma Jeddoensis, Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

1883, 319

8. Drillia Bellardi, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

1883, 320

9. Drillia Clevei, Jousseaume. Ibid., .... 319

10. Drillia makimonos, Jousseaume. Ibid., . . .319

11. Drillia Pouloensis, Jousseaume. Ibid., . . . 319

12. Mitromorpha Floridana, Dall. Specimen, . . . 317

13. Conus Cailliaudi, Jay. Ann. N. Y.Lyc., iv, t. 10, f. 8, 319

14. 15. Daphnella semisculpta, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc.,

t. 8, f. 6,7, 1875, 314

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