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War Departmeol Office of (he Chief of Sleff
[ Manual of
Interior Guard Duty
1914
Wab Department.
Document No. #6.
Office of the Chief of Staff.
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PBOCUBED FBOM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PBINTINQ OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
25 CENTS PER COPY
>
War Department,
Office of the Chief of Staff,
Washington, May 21, 1914*
The following Manual of Interior Guard Duty is approved
and herewith published for the information and govern-
ment of the Regular Army and the Organized Militia of the
United States.
By order of the Secretary of War:
W. W. WOTHERSPOON,
Major General, Chief of Staff.
3
CONTENTS.
Paragraph.
Introduction 1-5
Classification of interior guards 6
Details and rosters 7-25
Commanding officer 27-28
The officer of the day : 29-40
The commander of the guard 41-79
The sergeant of the guard 80-103
The corporal of the guard 104-137
Musicians of the guard 138-139
Orderlies and color sentinels 140-153
Privates of the guard 154-208
Countersigns and paroles 209-217
Guard patrols 218-220
Watchmen 221
Compliments from guards 222-237
Prisoners 238-298
Guarding prisoners 299-307
Stable guards 308-336
Flags 337-345
Reveille and retreat gun 346
/Guard mounting 347-359
Relieving the old guard 360-367
5
rj
9 '
t »
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY*
INTRODUCTION.
) 3
1. Guards may be divided into iew. classes: Exterior
guards, interior guards, military police^ndproYOstg^iards.
2/ Exterior guards are used only in time of war./ They
belong to the domain of tactics and are treated of in the
Field^ Service Regulations and in the drill regulations of
thedifferent arms of the service.
/The purpose of exterior guards is to prevent surprise, to
delay attack, and otherwise to provide for the security jof
the main body.
On the march they take the form of advance guards, rear
guards, and flank guards. At a halt they consist of out-
posts^*
8T Interior guards are used in camp or garrison to pre-
serve order, protect property, and to enforce police regu-
lations^/ In time of war such sentinels of an interior guard
as may be necessary are placed close in or about a camp,
and normally there is an exterior guard further out con-
sisting of outposts. In time of peace the interior guard is
the only guard in a camp or garrison.
4/ Military police differ somewhat from either of these
classes. (See Field Service Regulations.) They are used
in time ox war to guard prisoners, to arrest stragglers and
deserters, and to maintain order and enforce police regu-
lations in the rear of armies, along lines of communication,
and in the vicinity of large campsy
7
8 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
5. Provost guards are used in the absence of military
police, generally in conjunction with the civil authorities
at or near large posts or encampments, to preserve order
among soldiers beyond the interior guard.
INTERIOR GUARD.
CLASSIFICATION.
6. The various elements of an interior guard classified
according to their particular purposes and the manner in
which they perform their duties are as follows:
(a) The main guard.
, , Special guards: Stable guards, park guards, prisoner
guaras, nerd guards, train guards, boat guards, watchmen,
etc.
DETAILS AND ROSTERS.
7. At every military post, and in every regiment or
separate command in the field, an interior guard will be
detailed and duly mounted.
It will consist of such number of officers and enlisted
men as the commanding officer may deem necessary, and
will be commanded by the senior officer or noncommis-
sioned officer therewith, under the supervision of the officer
of the day or other officer detailed by the commanding
officer.
8. The system of sentinels on fixed posts is of value in
discipline and training because of the direct individual
responsibility which is imposed and required to be dis-
charged in a definite and precise manner. In order, how-
ever, that guard duty may not be needlessly irksome and
interfere with tactical instruction, the number of men
detailed for guard will be the smallest possible.
Commanding officers are specifically charged with this
matter, and, without entirely dispensing with the system
MANUAL OP INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 9
of sentinels on fixed posts will, as far as practicable, in
time of peace, replace such sentinels with watchmen.
(See Par. 221.)
9* At poets where there are less than three companies
the main guard and special guards may all be furnished
by one company or by detail from each company.
Where there are three or more companies, the main
guard will, if practicable, be furnished by a single com-
pany, and, as far as practicable, the same organization will
supply all details for that day for special guard, overseer,
ana fatigue duty. In this case the officer of the day, and
the officers of the guard, if there are any, will, if practicable,
be from the company furnishing the guard.
10. At a post or camp where the headquarters of more
than one regiment are stationed, or in the case of a small
brigade in the field,* if but one guard be necessary for the
whole command, the details will be made from the head-
quarters of the command.
If formal guard mounting is to be held, the adjutant,
sergeant major, and band to attend guard mounting will
be designated by the commanding officer.
11. When a single organization furnishes the guard, a
roster of organizations will be kept by the sergeant major
under the supervision of the adjutant. (See Appendix B . )
12. When the guard is detailed from several organiza-
tions, rosters will be kept by the adjutant, of officers of the
day and officers of the guard by name; by the sergeant
major, under the supervision of the adjutant, of sergeants,
corporals, musicians, and privates of the guard by number
per organization; and by first sergeants, of sergeants, cor-
§ orals, musicians, and privates by name. (See Appen-
ix A.)
13. When organizations furnish their own stable, or
stable and park guards, credit will be given each for the
10 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
number of enlisted men so furnished, as though they had
been detailed for main guard.
14. Special guards, other than stable or park guards,
will be credited the same as for main-guard, credited with
fatigue duty, carried on special duty, or credited as the
commanding officer may direct. (Pars. 6, 221, 247, and
300.)
15. Captains will supervise the keeping of company
rosters and see that all duties performed are duly credited.
(See pars. 355-364, A. R., for rules governing rosters, and
Form 342, A. G. O., for instructions as to how rosters should
be kept.)
16. Tnere will be an officer of the day with each guard,
unless in the opinion of the commanding; officer the guard
is so small that his services are not needed. In this case
an officer will be detailed to supervise the command and
instruction of the guard for such period as the commanding
officer may direct.
17. When more than one guard is required for a com-
mand, a field officer of the day will be detailed, who will
receive his orders from the brigade or division commander
as the latter may direct. When necessary, captains may
be placed on the roster for field officer of tine day.
18. The detail of officers of the guard will be limited to
the necessities of the service and efficient instruction;
inexperienced officers may be detailed as supernumerary
officers of the guard for purposes of instruction.
19. Officers serving in staff departments are, in the
discretion of the commanding officer, exempt from guard
duty.
20. Guard details will, if practicable, be posted or
published the day preceding the beginning of the tour,
and officers notified personally by a written order at the
same time.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 11
s 21. The strength of guards and the number of consecu-
tive days for which an organization furnishes the guard
will be so regulated as to insure privates of the main
guard an interval of not less than five days between tours.
When this is not otherwise practicable, extra and special
duty men will be detailed for night-guard duty, still per-
forming their daily duties. When so detailed a roster will
be kept by the adjutant showing the duty performed by
them.
22. The members of main guards and stable and park
guards will habitually be relieved every 24 hours. The
length of the tour of enlisted men detailed as special
guards, other than stable or park guards, will be so regu-
lated as to permit of these men being held accountable for
a strict performance of their duty.
23* Should the officer of the day be notified that men are
required to fill vacancies in the guard, he will cause them
to be supplied from the organization to which the guard
belongs. If none are available in that organization, the
adjutant will be notified and will cause them to be supplied
from the organization that is next for guard. (Par. 63 . )
24. The adjutant will have posted on the bulletin board
at his office all data needed by company commanders in
making details from their companies .
At first sergeant's call, first sergeants will go to head-
quarters and take from the bulletin board all data neces-
sary for making the details required from their companies;
these details will be made from their company rosters. #
25* In order to give ample notice, first sergeants will,
when practicable, publish at retreat and post on the com-
Sany bulletin board all details made from the company for
uties to be performed.
26. Where rosters are required to be kept by this man-
ual, all details will be made by roster.
12 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
THE COMMAHDIKG OFFICER.
27. The commanding officer will exact a faithful, vigi-
lant, and correct performance of guard duty in all of its
details, giving his orders to the officer of the day, or caus-
ing them to be communicated to him with the least prac-
ticable delay. He will prescribe the strength of the guard,
and the necessary regulations for guard, police, and fatigue
duty.
28. The commanding officer receives the reports of the
officers of the day immediately after guard mounting, at
his office, or at some other place previously designated;
carefully examines the guard report and remarks thereon
(questioning the old officer of the day, if necessary, con-
cerning his tour of duty), relieves the old officer of the day
and eives the new officer of the day such instructions as
may be necessary.
THE OFFICER OF THE BAT.
29. The officer of the day is responsible for the proper
performance of duty by the guard with which he marches
on and for the enforcement of al 1 police regulations . He is
charged with the execution of all orders of the commanding
officer relating to the safety and good order of the poster
camp. His actual tour begins when he receives the in-
structions of the commanding officer after guard mounting,
and ceases when he has been relieved by the commanding
officer. In case of emergency during the interval between
guard mounting and reporting to the commanding officer,
the senior officer of the day will give the necessary instruc-
tions for both guards.
80. In the absence of special instructions from the com-
manding officer, the officer of the day will inspect the
guard and sentinels during the day and at night at such
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 13
times as he may deem necessary. He will visit them at
least once between 12 o'clock midnight and daylight.
81. He may prescribe patrols (par. 218) and visits of in-
spection to be made by officers and noncommissioned offi-
cers of the guard whenever he deems it necessary.
82. He will see that the commander of the guard is fur-
nished with the parole and countersign before retreat in
case they are to be used, and will inform him of the pres-
ence in post or camp of any person entitled to the compli-
ment.
83. In case of alarm of any kind he will at once take
such steps as may be necessary to insure the safety of life
and public property and to preserve order in the command,
disposing his guard, so as best to accomplish this result.
84. In the performance of his duties as officer of the day
he is subject to the orders of the commanding officer only,
except that in case of an alarm of any kind, and at a time of
great danger, the senior line officer present is competent
to give necessary orders to the officer of the day for the
employment of the guard.
35, At the inspections and musters prescribed in Army
Regulations, the officer of the day will be present at the
post of the guard, but all commands to the guard will be
given by the commander of the guard.
86. Both officers of the day together verify the prisoners
s and inspect the guardhouse and premises.
37* In the absence of special instructions, the old
officer of the day will, at guard mounting, release all
garrison prisoners whose sentences expire that day. If
there are any prisoners with no record of charges against
them, theold officer of the day will report that fact to the
commanding officer who will give the necessary instruc-
tions.
88* The old officer of the day signs the report of the
commander of the guard. He also enters on it such
remarks as may be necessary.
14 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
89* The officers of the day then report to the com-
manding officer.
On presenting themselves, both salute with the right
hand, remaining covered. The old officer of the day,
standing on the right of the new, then says: "Sir, I report
as old officer of the day/ 9 and presents the guard report.
As soon as the commanding officer notifies the old officer
of the day that he is relieved, the old officer of the day
salutes the commanding officer and retires. The new
officer of the day again salutes and says: "Sir, I report as
new officer of the day," and then receives his instruc-
tions.
40. The officer of the day will always keep the guard
informed as to where he may be found at all hours of the
day and night.
COMXANDER OF THE GUARD.
41* The commander of the guard is responsible for the
instruction and discipline of the guard. He will see that
all of its members are correctly instructed in their orders
and duties, and that they understand and properly per-
form them. He will visit each relief at least once while
it is on post, and at least one of these visits will be made
between 12 o'clock midnight and daylight.
42* He receives and obeys the orders of the command-
ing officer and the officer of the day, and reports to the
latter without delay all orders to the guard not received
from the officer of the day; he transmits to his successor
all material instructions and information relating to his
duties.
48. He is responsible under the officer of the day for
the general safety of the post or camp as soon as the old
guard marches away from the guardhouse. In case of
emergency while both guards are at the guardhouse,
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 15
the senior commander of the two guards will be responsi-
ble that the proper action is taken.
44. Officers of the guard will remain constantly with
their guards, except while visiting patrols or necessarily
engaged elsewhere in the performance of their duties.
The commanding officer will allow a reasonable time for
meals.
45. A commander of a guard leaving his post for -any
purpose will inform the next in command of his destination
ana probable time of return.
46*' Except in emergencies, the commander of the
guard may divide the night with the next in command,
but retains his responsibility; the one on watch must be
constantly on the alert.
47* When any alarm is raised in camp or ganjson. the
guard will be formed immediately. (Par. 234.) If the
case be serious, the proper call will be sounded, and the
commander of the guard will cause the commanding
officer and the officer of the day to be at once notified.
48. If a sentinel calls: "The Guard/' the commander
of the guard will at once send a patrol to the sentinel's
post. If the danger be great, in which case the sentinel
will discharge his piece, the patrol will be as strong as
possible.
49* When practicable, there should always be an
officer or noncommissioned officer and two privates of the
guard at the guardhouse, in addition to the sentinels
there on post.
50. Between reveille and retreat, when the guard had
been turned out for any person entitled to the compliment
(see pars. 222 and 224}, the commander of the guard, if an
officer, will receive the report of the serseant, returning
the salute of the latter with the right hana. s He will then
draw his saber, and place himself two paces in front of the
center of the guard. When the person for whom the guard
16 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DITTY.
has been turned out approaches, he faces his guard and
commands: 1. Present, 2. ARMS; faces to the front and
salutes. When his salute is acknowledged he resumes the
carry, fac< -i about, and commands: 1. Order, 2. ARMS;
and faces to the front.
If it be an officer entitled to inspect the guard, after
saluting and before bringing his guard to an order, the
officer of the guard reports: "Sir, all present or ac-
counted for"; or, "Sir, (so and so) is absent"; or,
if the roll call has been omitted: "Sir, the guard Is
formed," except that at guard mounting the commanders
of the guards present their guards and salute without mak-
ing any report.
Between retreat and reveille, the commander of the
guard salutes and reports, but does not bring the guard to
a present.
51. To those entitled to have the guard turned out but
not entitled to inspect it, no report will be made; nor will
a report be made to any officer, unlesi he halts in front of
the guard.
52. When a guard commanded by a noncommissioned
officer is turned out as a compliment or for inspection, the
noncommissioned officer, standing at a right shoulder on
the right of the right guide, commands: 1. Present,
2. ARMS. He then executes the rifle salute. If a report
be also required, he will, after saluting, and before bringing
his guard to an order, report as prescribed for the officer of
the guard. (Par. 50.)
58. When a guard is in line, not under inspection, and
commanded by an officer, the commander of the guard
salutes his regimental, battalion, and company com-
mander, by bringing the guard to attention and saluting
in person.
For all other officers, excepting those entitled to the
compliment from a guard (par. 224), the commander of the
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 27
guard salutes in person but does not bring the guard to
attention.
When commanded by a noncommissioned officer the
guard is brought to attention in either case, and the non-
commissioned officer salutes.
The commander of a guard exchanges salutes with the
commanders of all other bodies of troops; the guard is
brought to attention during the exchange.
"Present arms^ is executed by a guard only when it
has turned out for inspection or as a compliment, and at
the ceremonies of guard mounting and relieving the old
guard.
54. In marching a guard or a detachment of a guard the
principles of paragraph 53 apply. "Eyes right" is exe-
cuted only in the ceremonies of guard mounting and
relieving the old guard.
55* If a person entitled to the compliment,, or the regi-
mental, battalion, or company commander, passes in rear
of a guard, neither the compliment nor the salute is given,
but the guard is brought to attention while such person is
opposite the post of the commander.
After any person has received or declined the compli-
ment, or received the salute from the commander of the
guard, official recognition of his presence thereafter while
he remains in the vicinity will be taken by bringing the
guard to attention.
56. The commander of the guard will inspect the guard
at reveille and retreat, and at such other times as may be
necessary, to assure himself that the men are in proper
condition to perform their duties and that their arms and
equipments are in proper condition. For inspection by
other officers, he prepares the guard in each case as directed
by the inspecting officer.
46705°— 14 2
18 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
57* The guard will not be paraded during ceremonies
unless directed by the commanding officer.
58. At all formations members of the guard or reliefs will
execute inspection arms as prescribed in the drill regula-
tions of their arm.
5fr» The commander of the guard will see that all senti-
nels are habitually relieved every two hours, unless the
wes,uier or other cause makes it necessary that it be done
at shorter or longer intervals, as directed by the command-
ing officer.
60. He will question his noncommissioned officers and
sentinels relative to the instructions they may have re-
ceived from the old guard; he will see that patrols and
visits of inspection are made as directed by the officer of
the day.
61. He will see that the special orders for each post and
member of .the guard, either written or printed, are posted
in the guardhouse, and, if practicable, in the sentry box
or other sheltered place to which the member of the guard
has constant access.
62. He will see that the proper calls are sounded at the
hours appointed by the commanding officer.
63. Should a member of the guard be taken sick, or be
arrested, or desert, or leave his guard, he will at once
notify the officer of the day. (Par. 23.)
64. He will, when the countersign is used (pars. 210 to
216), communicate it to the noncommissioned officers of
the guard and see that it is duly communicatea to the
sentinels before the hour for challenging; the countersign
will not be given to sentinels posted at tne guardhouse.
66. He will have the details for hoisting the flag at
reveille, and lowering it at retreat, and tor firing the
reveille and retreat gun, made in time for the proper per-
formance of these duties. (See pars. 338, 344, 345, and
346.) He will see that the nags are kept in the best con-
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 19
dition possible, and that they are never handled except in
the proper performance of duty.
66. He may permit members of the guard while at the
guardhouse to remove their headdress, overcoats, and
gloves; if they leave the guardhouse for any purpose what-
ever he will require that they be properly equipped and
armed according to the character of the service in which
engaged, or as directed by the commanding officer. #
§7. He will enter in the guard report a report of his tour
of duty, and. on the completion of his tour, will present it to
the officer 01 the day. He will transmit with his report all
passes turned in at the post of the guard.
68. Whenever a prisoner is sent to the guardhouse
or guard tent for confinement, he will cause mm to be
searched, and will, without unnecessary delay, report the
case to the officer of the day.
69. Under war conditions, if any one is to be passed out
of camp at night, he will be sent to the commander of the
guard, who will have him passed beyond the sentinels.
70* The commander of the guard will detain at the
guardhouse all suspicious characters or parties attempting
to pass a sentinel s post without authority, reporting his
action to the officer 01 the day, to whom persons so arrested
will be sent, if necessary.
71* He will inspect the guard rooms and cells, and the
irons of such prisoners as may be ironed, at least once dur-
ing his tour, and at such other times as he may deem
necessary.
72. He will cause the corporals of the old and new reliefs
to verify together, immediately before each relief goes on
post, the number of prisoners who should then properly be
at the guardhouse.
73. He will see that the sentences of prisoners under his
charge are executed strictly in accordance with the action
of the reviewing authority.
20 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
74. When no special prisoner guard has been detiiled
(par. 300), he will, as far as practicable, assign as guards
over working parties of prisoners sentinels from poets
guarded at night only.
76. The commander of the guard will inspect all meals
sent to the guardhouse and see that the quantity and
quality of food are in accordance with regulations.
76. At guard mounting he will report to the old officer
fit the day all cases of prisoners whose terms of sentence
expire on that day, and also all cases of prisoners concern-
ing whom no statement of charges has been received.
(See Par. 241.)
77. The commander of the guard is responsible for the
security of the prisoners under the charge of his guard; he
becomes responsible for them after their number has been
verified and they have been turned over to the custody of
his guard by the old guard or by the prisoner guard or
overseers.
78. The prisoners will be verified and turned over to
the new guard without parading them, unless the com-
manding officer or the officer of the day shall direct other-
wise.
79. To receive the prisoners at the guard house when
they have been paraded and after they have been verified
by the officers of the day, the commander of the new guard
directs his sergeant to form his guard with an interval, and
commands: 1. Prisoners, 2. Bight, 3. FACE, 4. Forward,
5. MARCH. The prisoners having arrived opposite the
interval in the new guard, he commands: 1. Prisoners,
2. HALT, 3. Left, 4. FACE, 5. Bight (or left), 6. DRESS,
7. FBONT.
The prisoners dress on the line of the new guard.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 81
SERGEANT OF THE GUARD.
80. The senior noncommissioned officer of the guard
always acts as sergeant of the guard, and if there be no
officer of the guard, will perform the duties prescribed for
the commander of the guard.
81. The sergeant of the guard has general supervision
over the other noncommissioned officers and the musicians
and privates of the guard, and must be thoroughly familiar
with all of their orders and duties.
82. He is directly responsible for the property under
charge of the guard, and will see that it is properly cared
for. He will make lists of articles' taken out by working
f>arties, and see that all such articles are duly returned,
f they are not, he will immediately report the fact to the
commander of the guard.
83. Immediately after guard mounting he will prepare
duplicate lists of the names of all noncommissioned officers,
musicians, and privates of the guard, showing the relief
and post or duties of each . One list will be handed as soon
as possible to the commander of the guard; the other will
be retained by the sergeant.
84. He will see that all reliefs are turned out at the
proper time, and that the corporals thoroughly understand,
ana are prompt and efficient in, the discharge of their
duties.
85. During the temporary absence from the guardhouse
of the sergeant of the guard, the next in rank of the non-
commissioned officers will perform his duties.
86. Should the corporal whose relief is on post be called
away from the guardhouse, the sergeant of the guard will
designate a noncommissioned officer to take the corporal's
place until his return.
22 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
87. The sergeant of the guard is responsible at all times
for the proper police of the guardhouse or guard tent, in-
cluding the ground about them and the prison cells.
88. At "first sergeant's call" he will proceed to the
adjutant's office and obtain the guard report book.
89. When the national or regimental colors are taken
from the stacks of the color line, the color bearer and guard,
or the sergeant of the guard, unarmed, and two armed pri-
vates as a guard, will escort the colors to the colonel's
quarters, as prescribed for the color guard in the drill
regulations of the arm of the service to which the guard
belongs.
90. He will report to the commander of the guard any
suspicious or unusual occurrence that comes under his
notice, will warn him of the approach of any armed body,
and will send to him all persons arrested by the guard.
91. When the guard is turned out, its formation will be
as follows: The senior noncommissioned officer, if com-
mander of the guard, is on the right of the right guide; if
not commander of the guard, he is in the line of file closers,
in rear of the right four of the guard; the next in rank is
right guide; the next left gjuide; the others in the line of
file closers, usually, each in rear of his relief; the field
music, with its left three paces to the right of the right
guide. The reliefs form in the same order as when the
guard was first divided, except that if the guard consists
of dismounted cavalry and infantry, the cavalry forms on
the left.
92. The sergeant forms the guard, calls the roll, and, if
not in command of the guard, reports to the commander of
the guard as prescribed in drill regulations for a first ser-
geant forming a troop or company ; the guard is not divided
into platoons or sections, and, except when the whole
guard isiormed prior to marching off, fours are not counted.
MAOTJA1 OF INTERIOR GTTABD DUTY. 88
93. The sergeant reports as follows: "Sir, all present
or accounted for," or "Sir, (so-and-so) is absent' 9 ;
or if the roll call has been omitted, "Sir, the guard Is
formed." Only men absent without proper authority
are reported absent. He then takes his place, without
command.
94. At a night, the roll may be called by reliefs and
numbers instead of names; thus, the first relief being on
post: Second relief; No. 1; No. 2, etc.; Third relief,
Corporal; No. 1, etc.
95. Calling the roll will be dispensed with in forming the
guard when it is turned out as a compliment, on the
approach of an armed body, or in any sudden emergency;
but in such cases the roll may be called before dismissing
the guard. If the guard be turned out for an officer entitled
to inspect it, the roll will, unless he directs otherwise,
always be called before a report is made.
90. The sergeant of the guard has direct charge of the
prisoners, except during such time as they may be under
the charge of the prisoner guard or overseers, and is
responsible to the commander of the guard for their
security.
97. He will carry the keys of the guardroom and cells,
and will not suffer them to leave his personal possession
while he is at the guardhouse, except as hereinafter pro-
vided. (Par. 99.) m Should he leave the guardhouse for
any purpose, he will turn the keys over to the noncom-
missioned officer who takes his place. (Par. 85.)
98. He will count the knives, forks, etc.. given to the
prisoners with their food, and see that none of tnese articles
remain in their possession. He will see that no forbidden
articles of any kind are conveyed to the prisoners.
99. Prisoners, when paraded with the guard, are placed
in line in its center. The sergeant, immediately before
forming the guard, will turn over nis keys to the non-
24 MANUAL OP INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
commissioned officer at the guardhouse. Having formed
the guard, he will divide it into two nearly equal parts.
Indicating the point of division with his hand! he com-
mands:
1. Right (or left), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH,
5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Left (or right), 8. FACE.
If the first command be right face, the right half of the
guard only will execute the movements; if left face, the
left half only will execute them. The command halt is
given when sufficient interval is obtained to admit the
prisoners. The doors of the guardroom and cells are then
opened by the noncommissioned officer havingthe keys.
The prisoners will file out under the supervision of the
sergeant, the noncommissioned officer, and sentinel on
duty at the guardhouse, and such other sentinels as may
be necessary; they will formi in line in the interval
between the two parts of the guard.
100. To return the prisoners to the guardroom and
cells, the sergeant commands:
1. Prisoners, 2. Right (or left), 3. FACE, 4. Column
right (or left) 5. MARCH.
The prisoners, under the same supervision as before,
return to their proper rooms or cells.
101. To close the guard, the sergeant commands:
1. Left (or right), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH,
5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Right (or left), 8. FACE.
The left or right half only of the guard, as indicated,
executes the movement.
102. If there be but few prisoners, the sergeant may
indicate the point of division as above, and form the nec-
essary interval by the commands:
1. Right (or left) step, 2. MARCH, 3. Guard,
4. HALT, and close the intervals by the commands:
1. Left (or right) step, 2. MARCH, 3. Guard,
4. HALT.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 25
103. If sentinels are numerous, reliefs may, at the
discretion of the commanding officer, be posted in detach-
ments, and sergeants, as well as corporals, required to
relieve and post them.
CORPORAL OF THE GUARD. <
104. A corporal of the g[uard receives and obeys orders
from none but noncommissioned officers of the guard senior -O
to himself, the officers of the guard, the officer of the day, ^
and the commanding officer.
105. It is the duty of the corporal of the guard to post
and relieve sentinels, and to instruct the members of his
relief in their orders and duties.
106. Immediately after the division of the guard into
reliefs the corporals will assign the members of their respec-
tive reliefs to posts by number, and a soldier so assigned to
his post will not be changed to another during the same
tour of guard duty, unless by direction of the commander
of the guard or nigher authority. Usually, experienced
soldiers are placed over the arms of the guard, and at re-
mote and responsible posts.
107. Each corporal will then make a list of the members
of his relief, including himself. This list will contain the
number of the relief, tne name, the company, and the regi-
ment of every member thereof, and the post to which each
is assigned. The list will be made in duplicate, one copy
to be given to the sergeant of the guard as soon as com-
pleted, the other to be retained by the corporal.
108. When directed by the commander of the guard,
the corporal of the first relief forms his relief, and then
commands: CALL OFF.
Commencing on the right, the men call off alternately
rear and front rank, "one," "two," "three," "four,"
26 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
and bo on; if in single rank, they call off from right to left.
The corporal then commands:
1. Right, 2. FACE, S. Forward, 4. MARCH.
The corporal marches on the left, and near the rear file,
in order to observe the march. The corporal of the old
guard marches on the right of the leading file^ and takes
command when the last one of the old sentinels is relieved,
changingplaces with the corporal of the new guard.
109. When the relief arrives at six paces from a sentinel
(see par. 168), the corporal halts it and commands, accord-
ing to the number of the post: No. ( — ).
Both sentinels execute port arms or saber; the new senti-
nel approaches the old, halting about one pace from him.
(See par. 172.)
110. The corporals advance and place themselves, fac-
ing each other, a little in advance or the new sentinel, the
old corporal on his right, the new corporal on his left, both
at a right shoulder, and observe tnat the old sentinel
transmits correctly his instructions.
The following diagram will illustrate the positions taken:
A
R □
□ □□'□□
CD HD
n nan
a
B
R is the relief; A, the new corporal; 2?, the old; C, the
new sentinel j D, the old.
111. The instructions relative to the post having been
communicated, the new corporal commands, POST; both
sentinels then resume the right shoulder, face toward the
new corporal, and step back so as to allow the relief to pass
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 27
in front of them. The new corporal then commands,
1. Forward, 2. MARCH; the old sentinel takes his place
in rear of the relief as it passes him, his piece in the same
position as those of the relief. The new sentinel stands
fast at a right shoulder until the relief has passed six paces
beyond him, when he walks his post. The corporals take
their places as the relief passes them.
112. Mounted sentinels are posted and relieved in ac-
cordance with the same principles.
118. On the return of the old relief, the corporal of the
new guard falls out when the relief halts; the corporal of
the old guard forms his relief on the left of the old guard,
salutes, and reports to the commander of his guard: "Sir,
the relief is present' 9 ; or "Sir, (so and so) is absent,"
and takes his place in the guard.
114. To post a relief other than that which is posted
when the old guard is relieved, its corporal commands:
1. (Such) relief, 2. FALL IN; and if arms are stacked,
they are taken at the proper commands.
The relief is formed facing to the front, with arms at an
order; the men place themselves according to the num-
bers of their respective posts, viz, two, four, six, and so
on, in the front rank, and one, three, five, and so on, in
the rear rank. The corporal, standing about two paces
in front of the center of his relief, then commands: CALL
OtfF.
The men call off as prescribed. The corporal then com-
mands: 1. Inspection, 2. ARMS, 3. Order, 4. ARMS;
faces the commander of the guard, executes the rifle sa-
lute, reports: "Sir, the relief is present," or "Sir (so
and so), is absent"; he then takes his place on the right
at order arms.
115. When the commander of the guard directs the cor-
poral: "Post your relief," the corporal salutes and posts
Lis relief as prescribed (pars. 108 to 111); the corporal of
28 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
the relief on post does not go with the new relief, except
when necessary to show the way.
116. To dismiss the old relief, it is halted and faced to
the front at the guardhouse by the corporal of the new re-
lief, who then falls out; the corporal of the old relief then
steps in front of the relief and dismisses it by the proper
commands.
117. Should the pieces have been loaded before the
relief was posted, the corporal will, before dismissing the
relief, see that no cartridges are left in the chambers or
magazines. The same rule applies to sentinels over
prisoners.
118. Each corporal will thoroughly acquaint himself
with all the special orders of every sentinel on his relief,
and see that each understands and correctly transmits
such orders in detail to his successor.
119. There should be at least one noncommissioned
officer constantly on the alert at the guardhouse, usually
the corporal whose relief is on post. This noncommis-
sioned officer takes post near the entrance of the guard-
house, and does not fall in with the guard when it is formed.
He will have his rifle constantly with him.
120. Whenever it becomes necessary for the corporal to
leave his post near the entrance of the guardhouse, he will
notify the sergeant of the guard, who will at once take his
place, or designate another noncommissioned officer to
do so.
121. He will see that no person enters the guardhouse,
or guard tent, or crosses the posts of the sentinels there
posted without proper authority.
122. Should any sentinel call for the corporal of the
guard, the corporal will, in every case, at once and quickly
proceed to such sentinel. He will notify the sergeant of
the guard before leaving the guardhouse.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 29
123. He will at once report to the commander of the
guard any violation of regulations or any unusual occur-
rence which is reported to him by a sentinel, or which
comes to his notice in any other way.
124. Should a sentinel call : "The Guard/ 9 the corporal
will promptly notify the commander of the guard.
125. Should a sentinel call: "Relief , 99 the corporal will
at once proceed to the post of such sentinel, taking with
him the man next for duty on that post. If the sentinel is
relieved for a short time only, the corporal will again post
him as soon as the necessity for his relief ceases.
126. When the countersign is used, the corporal at
the posting of the relief during whose tour challenging is
to begin gives the countersign to the members of the re-
lief, excepting those posted at the guardhouse.
127. He will wake the corporal whose relief is next on
post in time for the latter to verify the prisoners, form his
relief, and post it at the proper hour.
128. Should the guard be turned out, each corporal
will call his own relief, and cause its members to fall in
promptly.
129. Tents or bunks in the same vicinity will be des-
ignated for the reliefs so that all the members of each re-
lief mavj if necessary, be found and turned out by the
corporal in the least time and with the least confusion.
180. When challenged by a sentinel while posting his
relief, the corporal commands: 1. Belief, 2. HALT; to
the sentinel's challenge he answers " Relief,' 9 and at the
order of the sentinel he advances alone to give the counter-
sign, or to be recognized. When the sentinel says, "Ad-
vance relief/ 9 the corporal commands: 1. Forward, 2.
MARCH.
If to be relieved, the sentinel is then relieved as pre-
scribed.
30 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
131. Between retreat and reveille, the corporal of the
guard will challenge all suspicious looking persons or par-
ties he majr observe, first halting his patrol or relief, if
either be with him. He will advance them in the same
manner that sentinels on post advance like parties (pars.
191 to 197), but if the route of a patrol is on a continuous
chain of sentinels, he should not challenge persons coming
near him unless he has reason to believe that they have
eluded the vigilance of sentinels.
182. Between retreat and reveille, whenever so ordered
by an officer entitled to inspect the guard, the corporal
will call: " Turn out the guard," announcing the title of
the officer, and then, if not otherwise ordered he will salute
and return to his post.
133. As a general rule he will advance parties ap-
proaching the guard at night in the same manner that
sentinels on post advance like parties. Thus, the senti-
nel at the guardhouse challenges and repeats the answer
to the corporal, as prescribed hereafter (par. 200); the cor-
poral, advancing at " port arms," says: "Advance (so and
so) with the countersign/ 9 or "to be recognized/ 9 if
there be no countersign used; the countersign being cor-
rectly given, or the party being duly recognized, the cor-
poral says: "Advanee (so and so) 9 '; repeating the answer
to the challenge of the sentinel.
184. When officers of different rank approach the guard-
house from different directions at the same time, the sen-
ior will be advanced first, and will not be made to wait for
his junior.
135. Out of ranks and under arms, the corporal salutes
with the rifle salute. He will salute all officers whether
by day or night.
136. The corporal will examine parties halted and de-
tained by sentinels, and if he has reason to believe the
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 31
parties have no authority to cross sentinel's posts, will
conduct them to the commander of the guard.
137. The corporal of the guard will arrest all suspicious
looking characters prowling about the post or camp, all
persons of a disorderly character disturbing the peace, and
all persons taken in the act of committing crime against
the Government on a military reservation or post. All
persons arrested by corporals of the guard, or by sentinels,
will at once be conducted to the commander of the guard
by the corporal.
MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD.
138. The musicians of the guard will sound call as pre-
scribed by the commanding officer.
' 139. Should the guard be turned out for national or
regimental colors or standards, uncased, the field music of
the guard will, when the guard present arms, sound, "To
the color" or "To the standard"; or, if for any person
entitled thereto, the march, flourishes, or ruffles, pre-
scribed in paragraphs 375, 376, and 377, A. R.
ORDERLIES AND COLOR SENTINELS.
140. When so directed by the commanding officer, the
officer who inspects the guard at guard mounting will select
from the members of the new guard an orderly for the
commanding officer and such number of other orderlies
and color sentinels as may be required.
141. For these positions the soldiers will be chosen who
are most correct in the performance of duty and in mili-
tary bearing, neatest in person and clothing, and whose
arms and accouterments are in the best condition. Cloth-
ing, arms, and equipments must conform to regulations.
If there is any doubt as to the relative qualifications of
two or more soldiers, the inspecting officer will cause them
82 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
to fall out at the guardhouse and to form in line in single
rank. He will then, by testing them in drill regulations,
select the most proficient. The commander of the guard
will be notified of the selection.
142. When directed by the commander of the guard to
fall out and report, an orderly will give his name, com-
pany, and regiment to the sergeant of the guard, and,
leaving his rifle in the arm rack in his company quarters,
will proceed at once to the officer to whom ne is assigned,
reporting: "Sir, Private , Company — , reports
as orderly."
143. If the orderly selected be a cavalryman, he will
leave his rifle in the arm rack of his troop quarters, and
report with his belt on, but without side arms unless
specially otherwise ordered.
144. Orderlies, while on duty as such, are subject only
to the orders of the commanding officer and of the officers
to whom they are ordered to report.
145. When an orderly is ordered to carry a message, he
will be careful to deliver it exactly as it was given to him.
146. His tour of duty ends when he is relieved by the
orderly selected from the guard relieving his own.
14 7» Orderlies are members of the guard, and their
name, company, and regiment are entered on the guard
report and lists of the guard.
148. If a color line is established, sufficient sentinels
are placed on the color line to guard the colors and stacks.
149. Color sentinels are posted only so long as the stacks
are formed. The commander of the guard will divide the
time equally among them.
150* When stacks are broken, the color sentinels may be
permitted to return to their respective companies. They
are required to report in person to the commander of the
guard at reveille and retreat. They will fall in with the
guard, under arms, at guard mounting.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR. GUARD DUTY. 83
151. Color sentinels are not placed on the regular reliefs,
nor are their posts numbered. In calling for the corporal
of the guard, tney call: "Corporal of the guard. Color
line/'
152. Officers or enlisted men passing the uncased colors
will render the prescribed salute^ If tne colors are on the
stacks, the salute will be made on crossing the color line
or on passing the colors.
158. A sentinel placed over the colors will not permit
them to be moved, except in the presence of an armed
escort. Unless otherwise ordered by the commanding offi-
cer, he will allow no one to touch them but the color bearer.
He will not permit any soldier to take arms from the
stacks, or to touch them, except by order of an officer or
noncommissioned officer of the guard.
If any person passing the colors or crossing the color line
fails to salute the colors, the sentinel will caution him to do
so, and if the caution be not heeded he will call the corporal
of the guard and report the facts.
PRIVATES OF THE GUARD.
154. Privates are assigned to reliefs by the commander
of the guard, and to posts, usually, by the corporal of their
relief. They will not change from one relief or post to
another during the same tour of guard duty unless by
proper authority.
ORDERS FOR SEHTHTELS.
155. Orders for sentinels are of two classes: General
ordere and special orders. General orders apply to all
sentinels. Special orders relate to particular posts and
duties.
46705 e — 14 3
84 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
156. Sentinels will be required to memorize the fol-
lowing:
My general orders are:
1. To take charge of this post and all Government
property in view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner, keeping
always on the alert and observing everything that
takes place within sight or hearing.
3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed
to enforce.
4. To repeat all calls from posts more distant from
the guardhouse than my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentinel
who relieves me all orders from the commanding
officer, officer of the day, and officers and non-com-
missioned officers of the guard only.
7. To talk to no one except in line of duty.
8. In case of fire or disorder to give the alarm.
9. To allow no one to commit a nuisance on or near
my post.
10. In any case not covered by instructions to call
the corporal of the guard.
11. To salute all officers, and all colors and stand-
ards not cased.
12. To be especially watchful at night, and, during
the time for challenging, to challenge all persons on
or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without
proper authority.
REGULATIONS RELATING TO THE GENERAL ORDERS
FOR SENTINELS.
No. 1: To take charge of this post and all Govern-
ment property in view.
157- All persons, of whatever rank in the service, are
required to observe respect toward sentinels and members
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 35
of the guard when such are in the performance of then-
duties.
158. A sentinel will at once report to the corporal of
the guard every unusual or suspicious occurrence noted.
159. He will arrest suspicious persons prowling about
the post or camp at any time, all parties to a disorder
occurring on or near his post, and all, except authorized
persons, who attempt to enter the camp at night, and will
turn over to the corporal of the guard all persons arrested.
160. The number, limits, and extent of his post will
invariably constitute part of the special orders of a sen-
tinel on post. The limits of his post should be so denned
as to include every place to which he is required to go in
the performance oi his duties.
No. 2: To walk my post In a military manner,
keeping always on the alert and observing every-
thing that takes place within sight or hearing.
161. A sentinel is not required to halt and change the
position of his rifle on arriving at the end of his post, nor
to execute to the rear, march, precisely as prescribed
in the drill regulations, but faces about while walking, in
the manner most convenient to him, and at any part of
his post as may be best suited to the proper performance
of his duties. He carries his rifle on either shoulder, and
in wet or severe weather, when not in a sentry box, may
carry it at a secure.
162. Sentinels when in sentry boxes stand at ease.
Sentry boxes will be used in wet weather only, or at other
times when specially authorized by the commanding
officer.
163. In very hot weather, sentinels may be authorized
to stand at ease on their posts, provided they can effect-
ively discharge their duties in this position, but they
will take advantage of this privilege only on the express
authority of the officer of tne day or the commander of
the guard.
86 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
164. A mounted sentinel may dismount occasionally
and lead his horse but will not relax his vigilance.
No. 3: To report all violations of orders I am
Instructed to enforce.
165. A sentinel will ordinarily report a violation of
orders when he is inspected or relieved, but if the case be
urgent he will call the corporal of the guard, and also, if
necessary, will arrest the offender.
No. 4: To repeat all calls from posts more distant
from the guardhouse than my own.
166. To call the corporal, or the guard, for any purpose
other than relief, fire, or disorder (pars. 167 and 173), a
sentinel will call, "Corporal of the guard, No. (— ),"
adding the number of his post. In no case will any sen-
tinel ^call, "Never mind the corporal; 99 nor will the
corporal heed such call if given.
No. 5: To quit my post only when properly relieved.
167. If relief becomes necessary, by reason of sickness
or other cause, a sentinel will call, "Corporal of the
guard, No. ( — ), Belief/' giving the number of his post.
168. Whenever a sentinel is to be relieved, he will halt,
and with arms at a right shoulder, will face toward the
relief when it is thirty paces from him. a He will come to a
port arms with the new sentinel, and in a low tone will
transmit to him all the special orders relating to the post,
and any other information which will assist him to better
perform his duties.
No. 6: To receive, obey, and pass on to the senti-
nel who relieves me, all orders from the commanding
officer, officer of the day, and officers and noncom-
missioned officers of the guard only.
169. During this tour of duty a soldier is subject to the
orders of the commanding officer, officer of the day, and
officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard only;
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 37
but any officer is competent to investigate apparent
violations of regulations by members of the guard.
170. A sentinel will quit bis piece on an explicit order
from any person from whom he lawfully receives orders
while on poet; under no circumstances will he yield it to
any other person. Unless necessity therefor exists, no
person will require a sentinel to quit his piece, even to
allow it to be inspected.
- 171. A sentinel will not divulge the countersign (pars.
209 to 217) to any one except the sentinel who relieves
him, or to a person from whom he properly receives orders,
on such person's verbal order given personally. Privates
of the guard will not use the countersign except in the
performance of their duties while posted as sentinels.
No. 7: To talk to no one except in line of duty.
172. When calling for any purpose, challenging, or
holding communication with any person, a dismounted
sentinel, armed with a rifle or saber, will take the position
of * ' port ' ' arms or saber. At night a dismounted sentinel,
armed with a pistol, takes the position of raise pistol in
challenging or nolding communication. A mounted sen-
tinel does not ordinarily draw his weapon in the daytime
when challenging or holding conversation' but if drawn,
he holds it at advance rifle, raise pistol, or port saber, ac-
cording as he is armed with a rifle, pistol, or saber. At
night, in challenging and holding conversation, his weapon
is drawn and held as just prescribed, depending on whether
be is armed with a rifle, pistol, or saber.
No. 8: In case of fire or disorder to give the alarm.
178. In case of fire, a sentinel will call, "Fire No. ( — ),"
adding the number of his post; if possible, he will extin-
guish th« fire himself. In case of disorder, he will call:
"The Guard, No. ( — )," adding the number of his post.
If the danger be great, he will, in either case, discharge his
piece before calling.
38 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
No. 11: To salute all officers and all colors and
standards not cased.
174. When not engaged in the performance of a specific
duty, the proper execution of which would prevent it, a
member of the guard will salute all officers who pass him.
This rule applies at all hours of the day or night, except in
the case of mounted sentinels armed with a rifle or pistol,
or dismounted sentinels armed with a pistol, after chal-
lenging. (See par. 181.)
175. Sentinels will salute as follows: A dismounted sen-
tinel armed with a rifle or saber, salutes by presenting
arms; if otherwise armed, he salutes with the right hand.
A mounted sentinel, if armed with a saber and the saber
be drawn, salutes by presenting saber; otherwise he salutes
in all cases with the right hand.
176. To salute, a dismounted sentinel, with piece at a
right shoulder or saber at a carry, halts and faces toward
the person to be saluted when the latter arrives within
thirty paces.
The limit within which individuals and insignia of rank
can be readily recognized is assumed to be about 30 paces,
and therefore at this distance cognizance is taken of the
person or party to be saluted.
177. The salute is rendered at 6 paces; if the person to
be saluted does not arrive within that distance, then when
he is nearest.
178. A sentinel in a sentry box, armed with a rifle,
stands at attention in the doorway on the approach of a
person or party entitled to salute, and salutes by present-
ing arms according to the foregoing rules.
If armed with a saber, he stands at a carry and salutes as
before.
179. A mounted sentinel on a regular post halts, faces,
and salutes in accordance with the foregoing rules. If do-
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 30
ing patrol duty, he salutes, but does not halt unless
spoken to.
180. Sentinels salute, in accordance with the foregoing
rules, all persons and parties entitled to compliments from
the guard (pars. 224, 227, and 228): officers of the Army,
Navy, and Marine Corps: military and naval officers of
foreign powers; officers of volunteers, and militia officers
when in uniform.
181. A sentinel salutes as just prescribed when an officer
comes on his post; if the officer holds communication with
the sentinel, the sentinel again salutes when the officer
leaves him.
During the hours when challenging is prescribed, the
first salute is given as soon as the officer has been duly rec-
ognized and advanced. A mounted sentinel armed with
a rifle or pistol, or a dismounted sentinel armed with a
pistol, does not salute after challenging.
He stands at advance rifle or raise pistol until the officer
passes.
182. In case of the approach of an armed party of the
guard, the sentinel will halt when it is about 30 paces
from him, facing toward the party with his piece at the
right shoulder. If not himself relieved, he will, as the
Sarty passes, place himself so that the party will pass in
ont of him; he resumes walking his post wnen the party
has reached 6 paces beyond him.
188. An officer is entitled to the compliments pre-
scribed, whether in uniform or not.
184. A sentinel in communication with an officer will
not interrupt the conversation to salute. In the case of
seniors the officer will salute, whereupon the sentinel will
salute.
185. When the flag is being lowered at retreat, a sen-
tinel on post and in view of the flag will face the flag, and,
at the first note of the "Star Spangled Banner" or to th*
40 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
color will come to a present arms. At the sounding of the
last note he will resume walking his post.
No. 12: To be especially watchful at night and
during the time for challenging, to challenge all
persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to
pass without proper authority.
186. During challenging hours, if a sentinel sees any
person or party on or near his post, he will advance rapidly
along his post toward such person or party and when
within about 30 yards will challenge sharply, "HALT.
Who is there?" He will place himself in the best pos-
sible position to receive or, if necessary, to arrest the
person or party.
187. In case a mounted party be challenged, the sen-
tinel will call, "HALT. DISMOUNT. Who is there?"
188. The sentinel will permit only one of any party to
approach him for the purpose of giving the countersign
(pars. 209 to 217), or if no countersign be used, of being
duly recognized. When this is done the whole party is
advanced, i. e., allowed to pass.
189. In all cases the sentinel must satisfy himself
beyond a reasonable doubt that the parties are what they
represent themselves to be and have a right to pass. If
he is not satisfied, he must cause them to stand and call the
corporal of the guard . So, likewise, if he have no authority
to pass persons with the countersign, or when the party
has not the countersign, or gives an incorrect one.
190. A sentinel will not permit any person to approach
so close as to prevent the proper use of his own weapon
before recognizing the person or receiving the countersign.
191. When two or more persons approach in one party,
the sentinel on receiving an answer that indicates that some
one in the party has the countersign, will say, "Advance
one with the countersign," and, if the countersign is
given correctly, will then say, "Advance (So and so),"
99
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 41
repeating the answer to his challenge. Thus, if the answer
be, "Belief (friends with the countersign, patrol,
etc.)," the sentinel will say, "Advance one with the
countersign"; then, "Advance relief (friends, patrol,
etc.)."
192. If a person having the countersign approach alone,
he is advanced to give the countersign. Thus, if the
answer be, "Friend with the countersign (or officer
of the day, or etc.)," the sentinel will say, "Advance,
friend (or officer of the day, or etc.) with the coun-
tersign"; then, "Advance, friend (or officer of the
day, or etc.)."
193. If two or more persons approach a sentinel's post
from different directions at the same time, all such per-
sons are challenged in turn and required to halt ana to
remain halted until advanced.
The senior is first advanced, in accordance with the
foregoing rules.
194. If a party is already advanced and in communi-
cation with a sentinel, the latter will challenge any other
party that may approach; if the party challenged be
senior to the one already on his post, the sentinel will
advance the new party at once. The senior may allow
him to advance any or all of the other parties* otherwise,
the sentinel will not advance any of them until the senior
leaves him. He will then advance the senior only of the
remaining parties, and so on.
195. Tne following order of rank will govern a sentinel
in advancing different persons or parties approaching his
post: Commanding officer, officer of the day, officer of the
guard, officers, patrols, reliefs, noncommissioned officers
of the guard in order of rank, friends.
196. A sentinel will never allow himself to be surprised,
nor permit two parties to advance upon him at the same
time.
42 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
197. If no countersign be used, the rules for challenging
are the same. The rules for advancing parties are modi-
fied only as follows: Instead of saying "Advance (so and
so) with the countersign," the sentinel will say,
"Advance (so and so) to be recognized." Upon
recognition he will say, "Advance (so and so)."
198. Answers to a sentinel's challenge intended to con-
fuse or mislead him are prohibited, but the use of such an
answer as "Friends with the countersign," is not to
be understood as misleading, but as the usual answer made
by officers, patrols, etc., when the purpose of their visit
makes it desirable that their official capacity should not
be announced.
SPECIAL ORDERS FOR SENTINELS AT THE POST OF TEE
GUARD.
199. Sentinels posted at the guard will be required to
memorize the following:
Between reveille and retreat to turn out the guard
for all persons designated by the commanding
officer, for all colors or standards not cased, and in
time of war for all armed parties approaching my
post, except troops at drill and reliefs and detach-
ments of the guard.
At night, after challenging any person or party,
to advance no one but call the corporal of the
guard, repeating the answer to the challenge.
200. After receiving an answer to his challenge, the
sentinel calls, "Corporal of the guard (So and so),"
repeating the answer to the challenge.
He does not in such cases repeat the number of his post.
201. He remains in the position assumed in challenging
until the corporal has recognized or advanced the person
or party challenged, when he resumes walking his post,
or, if the person or party be entitled thereto, he salutes
HAOTAL OF INTEBIOB, GITAED DUTY. 43
and, as soon as the salute has been acknowledged, resumes
walking his post.
202. The sentinel at the post of the guard will be noti-
fied by direction of the commanding officer of the presence
in camp or garrison of persons entitled to the compliment.
(Par. 224.)
203. The following examples illustrate the manner in
which the sentinel at the post of the guard will turn out
the guard upon the approach of persons or parties entitled
to the compliment (pars. 224, 227, and 228): "Turn out
the guard, Commanding Officer"; "Turn out the
guard, Governor of a Territory"; "Turn out the
guard, national colors"; "Turn out the guard,
armed party"; etc.
At the approach of the new guard at guard mounting
the sentinel will call "Turn out the guard, armed
party."
204. Should the person named by the sentinel not
desire the guard formed, he will salute, whereupon the
sentinel will call "Never mind the guard."
205. After having called "Turn out the guard," the
sentinel will never call "Never mind the guard," on
the approach of an armed party.
206. Though the guard be already formed he will not
fail to call "Turn out the guard," as required in his
special orders, except that the guard will not be turned
out for any person while his senior is at or coming to the
post of the guard.
207. The sentinels at the post of the guard will warn the
commander of the approach of any armed body and of the
presence in the vicinity of all suspicious or disorderly
persons.
208. In case of fire or disorder in sight or hearing, the
sentinel at the guardhouse will call the corporal of the
guard and report the facts to him.
44 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
COUNTERSIGNS A2TD PABOLES.
209- Forty-fourth Article of War. Any person be-
longing to the armies of the United States who makes
known the watchword to any person not entitled to receive
it, according to the rules ana discipline of war, or presumes
to give a parole or watchword different from that which he
received, shall suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct. (See par. 171.)
210. The countersign is a word given daily from the
principal headquarters of a command to aid guards and
sentinels in identifying persons who may be authorized to
pass at night.
It is given to such persons as may be authorized to pass
and repass sentinels' poets during the night, and to officers,
noncommissioned officers, and sentinels of the guard.
211. The parole is a word used as a check on the coun-
tersign in order to obtain more accurate identification of
persons. It is imparted only to those who are entitled to
inspect guards and to commanders of guards.
The parole or countersign, or both, are sent sealed in the
form of an order to those entitled to them.
212. When the commander of the guard demands the
parole, he will advance and receive it as the corporal, re-
ceives the countersign. (See par. 133.)
213. As the communications containing the parole and
countersign must at times be distributed oy many order-
lies, the parole intrusted to many officers, and the counter-
sign and parole to many officers and sentinels, and as both
the countersign and parole must, for large commands, be
prepared several days in advance, there is always danger
of their being lost or becoming known to persons who would
make improper use of them; moreover, a sentinel is too
apt to take it for granted that any person who gives the
right countersign is what he represents himself to be;
XAOTTAI OF IHTEKIOB, GUARD DUTY. 46
hence for outpost duty there is greater security in omitting
the use of the countersign and parole, or in using them
with great caution. The chief reliance should be upon
personal recognition or identification of all persons churn-
ing authority to pass.
Persons whose sole means of identification is the counter-
sign, or concerning whose authority to pass there is a rea-
sonable doubt, should not be allowed to pass without the
authority of the corporal of the guard after proper investi-
gation; the corporal will take to his next superior any per-
son about whom he is not competent to decide.
214. The countersign is usually the name of a battle;
the parole, that of a general or other distinguished person.
215* When they can not be communicated daily, a se-
ries of words for some days in advance may be sent to posts
or detachments that are to use the same parole or counter-
sign as the main body.
216. If the countersign be lost, or if a member of the
guard desert with it, the commander on the spot will sub-
stitute another for it and report the case at once to head-
quarters.
217. In addition to the countersign, use may be made
of preconcerted signals, such as striking the rifle with the
hand or striking the hands together a certain number of
times, as agreed upon. Such signals may be used only by
guards that occupy exposed points.
They are used hef ore the countersign is given, and must
not be communicated to anyone not entitled to know the
countersign. Their use is intended to prevent the sur-
prise of a sentinel. s
In the daytime signals such as raising a cap or a handker-
chief in a prearranged manner may be used b y sentinels to
communicate with the guard or with each other.
46 MANUAL OF INTEBIOB GUARD DUTY.
GUARD PATROLS.
218. A guard patrol consists of one or more men detailed
for the performance of some special service connected with
guard duty.
219. If the patrol b3 required to go beyond the chain of
sentinels, the officer or noncommissioned officer in charge
will be furnished with the countersign, and the outposts
and sentinels warned.
220. If challenged by a sentinel, the patrol is halted by
its commander, and the noncommissioned officer accom-
panying it advances alone and gives the countersign.
WATCHMEN.
221. Enlisted men may be detailed as watchmen or as
overseers over prisoners, and as such will receive their
orders and perform their duties as the commanding officer
may direct.
COKPXJMEOTS FROM GUARDS.
222. The compliment from a guard consists in the guard
turning out and presenting arms. (See par. 50.) No com-
pliments will be paid between retreat and reveille except
as provided in paragraphs 361 and 362, nor will any person
other than those named in paragraph 224 receive the com-
pliment.
223. Though a guard does not turn out between retreat
and reveille as a matter of compliment, it may be turned
out for inspection at any time by a person entitled to in-
spect it.
224. Between reveille and retreat the following persons
are entitled to the compliment: The President, sovereign
or chief magistrate of a foreign country, and members of a
royal family; Vice President; President and President
MANUAL OF INTEBIOB, GTTAB,b DUTY. 47
pro tempore of the Senate; American and foreign ambas-
sadors; members of the Cabinet; Chief Justice; Speaker
of the House of Representatives; committees of Congress
officially visiting a military post; governors within their
respective States and Territories; governors general; As-
sistant Secretary of War officially visiting a military post;
all general officers of the Army; general officers of foreign
services visiting a post; naval, marine, volunteer, and
militia officers in the service of the United States and
holding the rank of general officer; American or foreign
envoys or ministers; ministers accredited to the United
States; charge's d'affaires accredited to the United States;
consuls general accredited to the United States; com-
niandirig officer of the post or camp; officer of the day.
225. The relative rank between officers of the Army
and Navy is as follows: General with admiral, lieutenant
general with vice admiral, major general with rear admiral,
brigadier general with commodore, & colonel with captain,
lieutenant colonel with commander, major with lieuten-
ant commander, captain with lieutenant, first lieutenant
with lieutenant (junior grade), second lieutenant with
ensign. (A. R. 12.)
226. Sentinels will not be required to memorize para-
graph 224, and except in the cases of general officers of the
Army, the commanding officer, and the officer of the day,
they will be advised in each case of the presence in camp
or garrison of persons entitled to the compliment.
227. Guardswill turn out and present arms when the
national or regimental colors or standards, not cased, are
a The term "governors general" shall be taken to mean administra-
tive officers under whom officers with the title of governor are acting.
ft The grade of commodore ceased to exist as a grade on the active list
of the Navy of the United States on Mar. 3, 1899. By section 7 of the
act of Mar. 3, 1899, the nine junior rear admirals are authorized to
receive the pay and allowances of a brigadier general of the Army.
48 XAVTMfL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
earned past by a guard or an armed party. This rule also
applies when the party carrying the colors is at drill. If
the drill is conducted in the vicinity of the guardhouse, the
guard will be turned out when the colors first pass, ana not
thereafter.
228. In case the remains of a deceased officer or soldier
are carried past, the guard will turn out and present arms.
229. In time of war all guards will turn out under arms
when armed parties, except troops at drill and reliefs or
detachments of the guard, approach their post. (See
par. 53.)
280. The commander of the guard will be notified of
the presence in camp or garrison of all persons entitled to
the compliment, except general officers of the Army, the
commanding officer, and the officer of the day. Members
of the guard will salute all persons entitled to the compli-
ment and all officers in the military or naval service of
foreign powers, officers of the Army, Navy, and Marine
Corps, officers of volunteers, and officers of militia when in
uniform.
GENERAL RULES CONCERNING GUARD DUTY.
281. Thirty-sixth Article of War. No soldier shall
hire another to do his duty for him.
282. Thlrt v-eigh th Article of War. Any soldier who
is found drunk on his guard, party, or other duty shall
suffer such punishment as a court-martial may direct.
288. All material instructions given to a member of the
guard by an officer having authority will be promptly
communicated to the commander of the guard by the offi-
cer giving them.
284. Should the guard be formed, soldiers will fall in
ranks under arms. At roll call, each man, as his name or
number and relief are called, will answer "Here," and
come to an order arms.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 49
»
235. Whenever the guard or a relief is dismissed, each
member not at once required for duty will place his rifle
in the arms racks, if they be provided, and will not remove
it therefrom unless he requires it in the performance of
some duty.
286. Without permission from the commander of the
guard, members of the main guard, except orderlies, will
not leave the immediate vicinity of the guard house. Per-
mission to leave will not be granted except in cases of
necessity.
237. Members of the main guard, except orderlies, will
not remove their accouterments or clothing without per-
mission from the commander of the guard. (Par. 66.)
PRISONERS.
238. Articles of war 66, 67, 68, 69, and 70 have special
reference to the confinement of prisoners and should be
carefully borne in mind.
239. The commander of the guard will place a civilian
in confinement on an order from higher authority only,
unless such civilian is arrested while in the act of commit-
ting some crime within the limits of the military jurisdic •
tion; in which case the commanding officer will be im-
mediately notified.
240. Except as provided in the twenty-fourth article of
war, or when restraint is necessary, no soldier will be con-
fined without the order of an officer, who shall previously
inquire into his offense. (A. R. 930.)
241. An officer ordering a soldier into confinement will
send, as soon as practicable, a written statement, signed by
himself, to the commander of the guard, setting forth the
name, company and regiment of such soldier, and a brief
statement of the alleged offense. It is a sufficient state-
46705°— 14 4
50 MANUAL OP INTEBIOB GUARD DUTY.
ment of the offense to give the number and article of war
under which the soldier is charged.
242. A prisoner, after his first day of confinement, and
until his sentence has been duly promulgated, is considered
as held in confinement by the commanding officer. After
due promulgation of his sentence, the prisoner is held in
confinement by authority of the officer who reviews the
proceedings of the court awarding sentence. The com-
mander of the guard will state in his report, in the proper
place, the name of the officer by whom the prisoner was
originally confined.
243. Enlisted men against whom charges have been pre-
ferred will be designated as "awaiting trial "; enlisted men
who have been tried will, prior to the promulgation of the
result, be designated as "awaiting result of trial"; en-
listed men serving sentence of confinement, not involving
dishonorable discharge, will be designated as "garrison
prisoners." Persons sentenced to dismissal or dishonor-
able discharge and to terms of confinement at military posts
or elsewhere will be designated as "general prisoners. ,,
(A. R. 928.)
244. The sentences of prisoners will be read to them
when the order promulgating the same is received. The
officer of the guard, or the officer of the day if there be no
officer of the guard, will read them unless the commanding
officer shall direct otherwise.
245. When the date for the commencement of a term
of confinement imposed by sentence of a court-martial is
not expressly fixed by sentence, the term of confinement
begins on the date of uie order promulgating it. The sen-
tence is continuous until the term expires, except when the
person sentenced is absent without authority. (A. R. 969.)
246. When soldiers awaiting trial or the result of trial,
or undergoing sentence, commit offenses for which they
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 51
are tried, the second sentence will be executed upon the
expiration of the first.
247. Prisoners awaiting trial by, or undergoing sentence
oi a general court-martial, and those confined for serious
offenses, will be kept apart, when practicable, from those
confined by sentence of an inferior court, or for minor of-
fenses. Enlisted men in confinement for minor offenses, or
awaiting trial or the result of trial for the same, will ordi-
narily be sent to work under charge of unarmed overseers
instead of armed sentinels, and will be required to attend
drills unless the commanding officer shall direct otherwise.
248. Prisoners, other than general prisoners, will be fur-
nished with food from their respective companies or from
the organizations to which they may be temporarily
attached.
The food of prisoners will, when practicable, be sent to
their places of confinement, but post commanders may
arrange to send the prisoners, under proper guard, to their
messes for meals.
When there is no special mess for general prisoners, they
will be attached for rations to companies.
Enlisted men bringing meals for the prisoners will not be
allowed to enter the prison room. (See par. 289.)
249. With the exception of those specially designated
by the commanding officer, no prisoners will be allowed to
leave the guard house unless under charge of a sentinel and
passed by an officer or noncommissioned officer of the guard.
The commanding officer may authorize certain garrison
Erisoners and paroled general prisoners to leave the guard
ouse, not under the charge of a sentinel, for the purpose of
working outside under such surveillance and restrictions
as he may impose.
250. Prisoners reporting themselves sick at sick call, or
at the time designated by the commanding officer, will be
sent to the hospital under charge of proper guard, with a
52 XAOTAL OF INTERIOR GUARD' DUTY.
sick report kept for the purpose. The recommendation of
the surgeon will be entered in the guard report.
251. The security of sick prisoners in tne hospital de-
volves upon the post surgeon, who will, if necessary, apply
to the post commander for a guard.
2 62 . Prisoners will be paraded with the guard only when
directed by the commanaing officer or the officer of 'the day.
253. A prisoner under charge of a sentinel will not salute
an officer.
254. All serviceable clothing which belongs to a pris-
oner, and his blankets, will accompany him to the post
designated for his confinement, and will be fully itemized on
the clothing list sent to that post. The guard in charge of
the prisoner during transfer will be furnished with a dupli-
cate of this list and will be held responsible for the delivery
of all articles itemized therein, with the prisoner. At least
one serviceable woolen blanket will be sent with every
such prisoner so transferred. (A. R. 939.)
255. When mattresses are not supplied, each prisoner in
the guard house will be allowed a bed sack and 30 pounds of
straw per month for bedding. So far as practicable, iron
bunks will be furnished to all prisoners in post guard
houses and prison rooms. (A. R. 1084.)
256. If the number of prisoners, including general pris-
oners, confined at a post justifies it, the commanding officer
will detail a commissioned officer as "officer in charge of
prisoners." At posts where the average number of pris-
oners continually in confinement is less than 12, the detail
of an officer in charge of prisoners will not be made.
BT7LES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF
GENERAL PRISONERS AT POSTS.
257. The officer in charge of prisoners, when one is de-
tailed, will make a daily inspection of the cells and prison
rooms and will inspect the food and submit to the com-
manding officer any complaints about the same.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUABD DUTY. 58
258. He will have charge of the property, money, and
valuables belonging to general prisoners, which the v are
not permitted to keep in their possession, and will dis-
burse said money, when desired by the owner, for pur-
poses approved by the commanding officer. If there be no
officer in charge of prisoners, this duty will be intrusted
to the adjutant.
259. No general prisoner will be released from confine-
ment except on an order communicated by the command-
ing officer, who, before giving such order, will verify the
date of expiration of the prisoner's sentence by examining
all orders fixing or modifying the term of confinement.
260. The following records and reports will be kept:
Record of general prisoner, on blank supplied by the
Adjutant General's Department; morning report, and cloth-
ing book (ordinary blank book without specail ruling fur-
nished by the Quartermaster's Department).
261. Paragraphs 262 to 295 of this manual will be read
to or by every general prisoner as soon as practicable
after his confinement, ana a copy of these rules and regu-
lations, which will be furnished by the Adjutant General's
Department, will be kept posted in each cell and room.
262. After a general prisoner, who is serving sentence
at a post, has served one-half of nis sentence, he may sub-
mit to the commanding officer of the post an application
to be placed upon parole during working hours for the
remainder of the term of confinement. Such application
will contain a pledge on the part of the applicant to comply
with all general conditions under which general prisoners
may be paroled, and also with any special requirements
that may from time to time be made of aim. Upon receipt
of such an application, the post commander may, in tne
exercise of his discretion, parole the prisoner during work-
ing hours for work in the Quartermaster Corps upon con-
dition that if the prisoner's conduct is not good the parole
04 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
status will be forfeited. The granting of the qualified
parole here authorized does not constitute a release of the
prisoner from military custody or control, but merely
authorizes a relaxation of the strict rule which would other-
wise require the presence of a guard whenever the prisoner
is outside of the guardhouse. In determining what con-
stitutes one-half of a sentence the calculation will be
based upon the prisoner's term without deduction for
good conduct. The authorized abatement for good con-
duct will continue to accrue during the good conduct of a
general prisoner on parole. (A. R. 943). No paroled
general prisoner will be employed about the post exchange
or the quarters of any officer except as a mechanic or
laborer under the direction of the quartermaster.
263. Every general prisoner on admission will be mi-
nutely eearcned and will be permitted to retain in his pos-
session only proper clothing and necessary toilet articles.
He will then be required to bathe, his nair will be cut
close, and his beard, whiskers, and mustache trimmed.
264. General prisoners will bathe at least once a week
and will wear their hair short. The hair and beard of a
general prisoner may be allowed to grow during the last
month of his confinement.
265. All articles of personal property taken from a
general prisoner will be marked with nis name and stored
until he is released, when they will be returned to him.
266. The prison rooms will be properly policed, good
order and quiet demeanor maintained, and necessary
measures taken for security. The names of occupants of
cells will be posted on the doors. Each cell ana prison
room will be inspected at least once a day for the purpose
of detecting contraband articles and of seeing whether
any alterations have been made or attempted which might
facilitate escape.
MANUAL OF INTEEIOE GUARD DUTY. 55
267. The diet of general prisoners shall be determined
by the commanding officer. A general prisoner confined
on bread-and-water diet will receive an allowance of 18
ounces of bread each day and as much water as he may
desire.
268. Meals will be served in prison rooms or cells when
no separate mess is provided . Ample time and a sufficient
quantity of food will be allowed for each meal.
269. Each general prisoner will be furnished with and
will have at all times one complete suit of outer clothing,
two complete suits of underclothing, one pair of shoes, one
hat, and one or two blankets, depending on the tempera-
ture. The outer clothing of general prisoners will be con-
spicuously marked "P'^ana divested of all ornament.
When released such prisoner will have in his possession a
serviceable suit of clothing, the outer garments bearing no
prison mark.
270. At the weekly inspection each general prisoner
will stand by his bed or bunk, and the inspecting officer
will see that the rules for cleanliness have been observed.
The bedding and clothing will be folded, clothing on top
of the bedding. General prisoners will be held to a strict
accountability for clothing in their possession, and they
are forbidden to alter it without authority.
271. General prisoners will be kept at hard labor daily
except Sunday, January 1, February 22, May 30, July 4,
Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day, but in
case of pressing necessity they may be employed on these
days. So far as practicable, they will perform all scaven-
ger duties at the. post. They will not be employed in cul-
tivating company or private gardens, nor upon ordinary
police about 6tables or barracks.
272. General prisoners who desire an interview with the
commanding officer will make application to the officer in
charge, stating the purpose. The officer in charge will
66 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY,
receive oral complaints which may be made by them, and
will notify them of his action. Complaints in writing will
also be addressed to him, and will be laid before the com-
manding officer with such information as he may possess
bearing on the case. If there be no officer detailed in
charge of prisoners, the officer of the day will receive appli-
cation for interviews, complaints, etc., under this para-
graph.
273. Wrongs will be righted, if possible, but those who
make frivolous or untruthful complaints will be punished.
General prisoners will be permitted to submit explanations
for offenses for which reported. No general prisoner will
sign any protest or petition in conjunction with other pris-
oners: each will make his own complaints or requests.
274. A record will be kept of all reports against general
prisoners, with the disciplinary punishment awarded in
each case.
275. Except as otherwise ordered by the commanding
officer, general prisoners will be constantly under charge of
the guard, and in the event of mutiny, attempted outbreak
or escape, or any disorder immediate action will be taken
by the guard and enough force used to restore order. The
force used in any case will be limited to that necessary to
the enforcement of these rules, the preservation of order,
and the proper control of prisoners.
276. No disciplinary punishment will be inflicted upon
general prisoners unless by direction of the commanding
officer, and then only after a full investigation of each case.
277.. A general prisoner who violates any of these rules,
who is insolent, insubordinate, disrespectful, or disorderly,
or who uses indecent or profane language may be disci-
plined by —
(a) Being deprived of a meal.
Being locked in his cell when not at work.
MANUAL 07 INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 57
( c) Performing extra hard or disagreeable labor.
la) Solitary confinement on bread-and-water diet.
tV) Forfeiture of good-conduct time.
In addition to being disciplined as indicated he may also
be tried by court-martial if the gravity of the offense so
demands.
Solitary confinement on bread and water will not exceed
14 consecutive days at any one period, and will not be
repeated until an interval of 14 days shall have elapsed and
shall not exceed 84 days in one year.
278. No good-conduct time can be forfeited in advance.
When it is necessary to discipline a general prisoner who
has none to his credit, the punishment must take some
other form. F
279. Any general prisoner who attempts to escape will
forfeit all good-conduct time previously earned. A recap-
tured prisoner will suffer the same forfeiture. In either
case, tne prisoner may, in addition, be tried by court-
martial.
280. A general prisoner who refuses to work may, for the
first offense, be closely confined and deprived of his next
meal, but food will be allowed him as soon as he consents
to resume work; and he may be further punished for his
offense by loss of not more than 20 days' good-conduct
time, or by being locked in his cell for not more than 30
days, except when at work.
281. Letters will be sent out by general prisoners
through the officer in charge or officer of the day. Each
prisoner will be permitted to write to his family or friends
once in each month, all letters to be submitted unsealed
{without stamp or envelope) for inspection. Paper will be
furnished to prisoners for official as well as private com-
munications.
282. Prison authorities without the consent of a general
prisoner will not open and inspect letters addressed to
58 HAOTAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
him. Such letters may, however, be retained unopened
until the prisoner is released, or his letters otherwise dis-
posed of under judicial process.
283. General prisoners will be permitted to make appli-
cation for clemency as soon after their arrival at a post for
confinement as they may desire, but thereafter not until
six months shall have elapsed since the date of final action
upon the last application. Applications should be ad-
dressed to the officer in charge (or the officer of the day),
but applicants may state to what authority they wish to
appeal.
284. Applications for clemency should be based on
reasonable grounds. Good conduct is rewarded by an
allowance of good-conduct time, but does not of itself fur-
nish any claim to clemency or further mitigation of sen-
tence. ^ It will aid, however, in obtaining favorable con-
sideration for applications based upon other grounds.
285. General prisoners, other than those confined in
penitentiaries, will be allowed in abatement of their terms
of confinement, when serving sentences of over 3 months
and not over 12 months, 5 days for each complete period
of 25 days during the whole of which their conduct has
been good * but the abatement of 5 days so authorized shall
not have the effect in any case of reducing the confinement
below 3 months. On sentences exceeding 1 year there
will be allowed the foregoing abatement for the first year
of the sentence, including abatement, and thereafter 10
days for each complete period of 20 days during the whole
of which the conduct of the prisoners has been good.
Abatements thus authorized may be forfeited wholly or in
Sart by subsequent misconduct, such forfeiture to be
eterrmned by the commanding officer of the post where
the prisoner is confined. A general prisoner serving sen-
tence in a penitentiary will receive the abatement author-
ized for convicts in that penitentiary. (A. R. 942.)
HAOTAL 07 INTERIOR GUARD DITTY. 59
286* In order to secure uniformity in computing abate-
ment of terms of confinement, the following method of
computation will be used :
A general prisoner will be credited at the beginning of
his confinement with all the good-conduct time that can
be earned in his case during the entire period of his sen-
tence. All months will be assumed to consist of 30 days.
"When forfeitures of good-conduct time are imposed they
will be deducted from the amount of the prisoner's credit,
but care will be taken not to impose or deduct a forfeiture
in excess of the amount of good-conduct time that has
actually been earned at date of forfeiture. (A. R. 942.)
Except when the loss of good-conduct time is prescribed
for specific offenses, the other minor penalties enumerated
in paragraph 275 will ordinarily be inflicted before resort
is had to loss of good-conduct time.
287. Talking, gazing about, or laughing in ranks is pro-
hibited. # General prisoners who are not at work will stand
at attention when addressed by an officer or noncommis-
sioned officer. Those at work will, under no circum-
stances, leave their places of employment without the per-
mission of the noncommissioned officer or sentinel in charge
of the party.
288. A general prisoner desiring to speak to a sentinel
will hold up his hand as a signal for the desired permission.
289* No persons will be permitted to enter the prison
rooms without authority from the commanding officer, the
officer of the day, or the officer in charge.
290* The beds will be neatly made up as soon as the
cells are unlocked. The night buckets will be emptied,
cleaned, and put in the place provided for them during the
day. A small quantity of disinfecting fluid will be placed
in each bucket, and the buckets will be taken into the cells
immediately after supper.
60 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
291. Spitting on the walla or floors of cells and prison
rooms, or defacing them, is forbidden. Any general pris-
oner who makes unnecessary litter or dirt in the prison will
be reported to the officer in chargeor officer of the day.
29a. Trafficking with general prisoners is forbidden.
293. General prisoners will be in bed at taps. Loud
talking or loud noises of any kind will not be permitted at
any time. Strict silence is enjoined after tattoo.
294* General prisoners will be respectful in their treat-
ment of one another. They are forbidden to hold any con-
versation with soldiers or citizens, except on a matter of
duty, without authority from the commanding officer,
officer of the day, or officer in charge.
295. A record of all violations of these rules will be kept
by the provost sergeant or commander of the guard, and
report oi the same will be made to the officer in charge of
prisoners or the officer of the day, in time to accompany
the morning report of general prisoners.
296. The foregoing rules will be enforced with reference
to garrison prisoners so far as applicable.
297. Garrison prisoners will be allowed in abatement
of their terms of confinement when serving sentences of
1 month, 5 days for good conduct. On sentences ex-
ceeding 1 month they will be allowed the foreeoing
abatement for the first month of the sentence, and there-
after 10 days for each complete period of 20 days during
the whole of which their conduct has been good. Abate-
ments thus authorized may be forfeited, wholly or in part,
bv subsequent misconduct, such forfeiture to be deter-
mined by the commanding officer of the post where the
prisoner is confined. (A. R. 942.)
298* After a garrison prisoner has served one-half of his
sentence he may, if his enlistment has not expired, sub-
mit to the commander of the post where the sentence is
being executed a request to be put on probation for the
MANUAL 07 INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 61
remainder of the term of confinement adjudged, and upon
the request being granted the soldier will be restored to
duty upon condition that if his conduct is not good while
on probation he will be required to serve the remainder of
his sentence. In determining what constituted one-half
of a sentence the calculation will be based upon the
prisoner's term without deduction for eood conduct.
The authorized abatement for good conduct will con-
tinue to accrue during the good conduct of a garrison
prisoner on probation. (A. R. 943^)
GUARDING PRISONERS.
299. The sentinel at the post of the guard has charge
of the prisoners except when they have been turned over
to the prisoner guard or overseers. (Par. 247 and 300
to 304.)
(a) He will allow none to escape.
(b)
He will allow none to cross his post leaving
the guardhouse except when passed by an officer or
noncommissioned officer of the guard.
(c) He will allow no one to communicate with
{prisoners without permission from proper author-
ty.
(d) He will promptly report to the corporal of the
guard any suspicious noise made by the prisoners.
(e) He will be prepared to tell whenever asked
how many prisoners are In the guardhouse and
how many are out at work or elsewhere.
Whenever prisonere are brought to his post returning
from work or elsewhere, be will halt them and call the
corporal of the guard, notifying him of the number of
prisoners returning. Thus: "Corporal of the guard,
(so many) prisoners."
62 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
He will not allow prisoners to pass into the guardhouse
until the corporal of the guard has responded to the call
and ordered him to do so.
300. Whenever practicable special guards will be de-
tailed for the particular duty of guarding working parties
composed of such prisoners as can not be placed under
overseers. (Par. 247.)
801. The prisoner guard and overseers will be com-
manded by the police officer; if there be no police officer,
then by the officer of the day.
802 # The provost sergeant is sergeant of the prisoner
guard and overseers, and as such receives orders from the
commanding officer and the commander of the prisoner
guard only.
808. Details for prisoner guard are marched to the
guardhouse and mounted by being inspected by the com-
mander of the main guard, who determines whether all
of the men are in proper condition to perform their duties
and whether their arms and equipments are in proper
condition, and rejects any men found unfit.
804 # When prisoners have been turned over to the pris-
oner guard or overseers, such guards or overseers are
responsible for them under their commander, and all
responsibility and control of the main guard ceases until
they are returned to the main guard, (rar. 306.)
805. If a prisoner attempts to escape, the eentinal will
call "Halt" If he fails to halt when the sentinel has
once repeated his call, and if there be no other possible
means of preventing his escape, the sentinel will fire upon
him.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 63
The following will more fully explain the important
duties of a sentinel in this connection:
(Circular.) War Department,
Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, November 1, 1887.
By direction of the Secretary of War the following is published for the
information of the Army:
United States Circuit Court, Eastern District of Michigan, August 1, 1887.
The United States v. James Clark.
The circuit court has Jurisdiction of a homicide committed by one soldier
upon another within a military reservation of the United States.
If a homicide be committed by a military guard without malice and in
the performance of his supposed duty as a soldier, such homicide is
excusable, unless it was manifestly beyond the scope of his author-
ity or was such that a man of ordinary sense and understanding
would know that it was illegal.
It seems that the sergeant of the guard has a right to shoot a military
convict if there be ho other possible means of preventing his escape.
The common-law distinction between felonies and misdemeanors has
no application to military offenses.
While the finding of a court of inquiry acquitting the prisoner of all
blame is not a legal bar to a prosecution, it is entitled to weight as
an expression of the views of the military court of the necessity of
using a musket to prevent the escape of the deceased.
* * * * *
By order of the Secretary of War:
R. C. Drum,
Adjutant General.
The following is taken from Circular No. 3 of 1883, from
Headquarters Department of the Columbia:
Vancouver Barracks, W. t.,
April £0,1883.
To the Assistant Adjutant General,
Department or the Columbia.
Sir:
* * * * *
A sentinel is placed as guard over prisoners to prevent their escape,
and for this purpose he is furnished a musket, with ammunition. To
prevent escape is his first and most important duty.
* * * * *
64 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
I suppose the law to be this: That a sentinel shall not use more force
or violence to prevent the escape of a prisoner than is necessary to effect
that object, but if the prisoner, after being ordered to halt, continues
his flight, the sentinel may maim or even kill him, and it is his duty to
do so.
A sentinel who allows a prisoner to escape without firing upon him
and firing to hit him, is, in my judgment, guilty of a most serious military
offense, for which he should and would be severely punished by a general
court-martial.
*****
(Signed) Henry A. Morrow,
Colonel 21st Infantry, Commanding Post.
[Third indorsement.]
Office Judge Advocate,
Military Division of the Pacific,
May 11, 1888.
Respectfully returned to the Assistant Adjutant General, Military
Division of the Pacific, concurring fully in the views expressed by Colonel
Morrow. I was not aware that such a view had ever been questioned.
That the period is a time of peace does not affect the authority and duty
of the sentinel or guard to fire upon the escaping prisoner, if this escape
can not otherwise be prevented. He should, of course, attempt to stop
the prisoner before firing, by ordering him to halt, and will properly
warn him by the words, "Halt, or I fire/' or words to such effect.
W. Winthrop,
Judge Advocate.
[Fourth indorsement.]
Headquarters Military Division of the Pacific,
May 11, 188S.
Respectfully returned to the Commanding General, Department of
the Columbia, approving the opinion of the commanding officer, Twenty-
first Infantry, and of the Judge Advocate of the Division, in respect to
the duty of and method to be adopted by sentinels in preventing prisoners
from escaping.
*****
By command of Major General Schofield:
J. C. Kelton,
Assistant Adjutant General.
See also Circular No. 53, A. G. O., December 22, 1900.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 65
806. On approaching the post of the sentinel at the
guardhouse, a sentinel of the prisoner guard or an overseer
in charge 01 prisoners will halt them and call, "No. 1, (so
many prisoners." He will not allow them to cross the
post of the sentinel until so directed by the corporal of the
guard.
807. Members of the prisoner guard and overseers
placed over prisoners for work will receive specific and
explicit instructions covering the required work; they will
be held strictly responsible that the prisoners under their
charge properly and satisfactorily perform the designated
work.
STABLE GUARDS.
808. Under the head of stable guards will be included
guards for cavalry stables, artillery stables and parks,
mounted infantry stables, machine-gun organization sta-
bles and parks and quartermaster stables and parks.
Where the words "troop" and "cavalry" are used they
will be held to include all of these organizations.
809. When troop stable guards are mounted they will
guard the stables of the cavalry (see par. 13). When no
stable guards are mounted, the stables will be guarded by
sentinels posted from the main guard, under the control
of the officer of the day.
The instructions given for troop stable guard will be
observed as far as applicable by the noncommissioned offi-
cers and sentinels of the main guard when in charge of the
stables.
TROOP STABLE GUARDS.
810. Troop stable guards will not be used except in the
field, or when it is impracticable to guard the stables by
sentinels from the main guard.
46706°— 14 5
66 MANUAL OP INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
811. Troop stable guards will be under the immediate
control of their respective troop commanders; they will be
posted in each cavalry stable, or near the picket line, and
will consist of not less than one noncommissioned officer
and three privates.
Stable guards are for the protection of the horses, stables,
forage, equipments, and public property generally. They
will in addition enforce tne special regulations in regard to
stables, horses, and parks.
812. Sentinels of stable guards will be posted at the sta-
bles or at the picket lines when the horses are kept outside.
The troop staple guard may be used as a herd guard during
the day time or when grazing is practicable.
818. The troop stable guard, when authorized by the
post commander, will be mounted under the supervision
of the troop commander. It will be armed ; at the discre-
tion of the troop commander, with either rifle or pistol.
814. The tour continues for 24 hours, or until the guard
is relieved by a new guard.
816. The employment of stable guards for police and
fatigue duties at the stables is forbidden; but this will not
prohibit them from being required to assist in feeding
grain before reveille.
816. The troop stable guard will attend stables with the
rest of the troop and groom their own horses, the sentinels
being taken off post for the purpose.
817. Neither the noncommissioned officer nor the mem-
bers of the stable guard will absent themselves from the im-
mediate vicinity of the stables except in case of urgent
cessity, and then for no longer time than is absolutely
necessary . No member of the guard will leave for any pur-
pose without the authority of tide noncommissioned officer
of the guard.
818. The noncommissioned officer and one member of
the stable guard will go for meals at the proper hour; upon
ULAJSTUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 07
their return the other members of the guard will be directed
to .go by the noncommissioned officer.
319. When the horses are herded each troop will furnish
its own herd guard. (Par. 14.)
320. Smoking in the stables or their immediate vicinity
is prohibited /No fire or light, other than electric light or
stable lanterns, will be permitted in the stables. A special
C* ce will be designated for trimming, filling, and lighting
terns.
NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER OF THE TROOP STABLE
GUARD.
321. The noncommissioned officer receives his orders
from his troop commander, to whom he will report im-
mediately after posting his first relief, and when relieved
will turn over all his orders to his successor. He instructs
his sentinels in their general and special duties; exercises
general supervision over his entire guard; exacts order
and cleanliness about the guardroom; prevents the intro-
duction of intoxicants into the guardhouse and stables;
receives, by count, from his predecessor, the animals, horse
equipments, and all property (both private and public)
pertaining thereto; examines, before relieving his prede-
cessor, all locks, windows, and doors, and should any be
found insecure he will report the fact to his troop com-
mander when he reports for orders. He will personally
post and relieveeacn sentinel, taking care to verify the
property responsibility of the sentinel who comes off post,
ana see that the sentinel who goes on post is aware of the
property responsibility that he assumes.
822. That the noncommissioned officer may be more
thoroughly informed of his responsibility, all horses return-
ing, except those from a regular formation, will be reported
to him. He will then notify the sentinel on post, and,
68 MANUAL 0* INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
in the absence of the stable sergeant, will see that the
horses are promptly cared for.
In case of abuse, he will promptly report to the troop
commander. Should the horse be the private property of
an officer, he will report such abuse to the owner.
323. The noncommissioned officer will report any
unusual occurrence during his tour direct to nis troop
commander.
324. Horses and other property for which the noncom-
missioned officer is responsible will not be taken from the
stables without the authority of the post or troop com-
mander.
a 825. The noncommissioned officer must answer the sen-
tinel's calls promptly.
826. In case of fire, the noncommissioned officer will see
that the requirements of paragraph 334 are promptly car-
ried out.
827. "Whenever it becomes necessary for the noncom-
missioned officer to leave his guard, he will designate a
member of it to take charge and assume his responsibility
during his absence.
SENTINELS OF THE TROOP STABLE GUARD.
328. The sentinel in the discharge of his duties will be
governed by the regulations for sentinels of the main guard
whenever they are applicable — such as courtesies to officers,
walking post in a soldierly manner, challenging, etc.; he
will not turn out the guara except when ordered by proper
authority.
829. The sentinel will receive orders from the com-
manding officer, the troop commander, and the noncom-
missioned officers of the stable guard only, except when the
commanding officer directs the officer of the day to inspect
the stable guard.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 69
880. In the field and elsewhere when directed by the
commanding officer the sentinel when posted will verify
the number of horses for which he is responsible, and when
relieved will give the number to his successor.
831. The sentinel will not permit any horse or equip-
ments to be taken from the stables, except in the presence
of the noncommissioned officer.
832. Should a horse get loose, the sentinel will catch
him and tie him up. If he be unable to catch the horse,
the noncommissioned officer will at once be notified. In
case a horse be cast, or in any way entangled, he will
relieve him, if possible; if unable to relieve him, he will
call the noncommissioned officer. Sentinels are forbidden
to punish or maltreat a horse.
833. When a horse is taken sick, the sentinel will notify
the noncommissioned officer, who in turn will call the
farrier, and see that the horse is properly attended to.
834. In case of fire the sentinel will give the alarm by
stepping outside the stable and firing his pistol or piece
repeatedly, and calling out at the same time, "Fire,
stables, Troop ( )."
As soon as the guard is alarmed , he will take the necessary
precautions in opening or closing the doors so as to prevent
the spreading of the fire and make it possible to remove the
horses; he will drop the chains ana bars, and, with the
other members of the guard, proceed to lead out the horses
and secure them at the picket line or such other place as
may have been previously designated.
835. Sentinels over horses, or in charge of prisoners,
receive orders from the stable sergeant, so far as the care of
the horses and the labor of prisoners are concerned.
836. In field artillery and machine-gun organizations,
the guard for the stables has charge of the guns, caissons,
etc., with their ammunition and stores, as well as the
horses, harness, and forage.
70 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DITTY.
FLAGS.
837. The garrison, post, and storm flags are national
flags and shall be of bunting. The union of each is as
described in paragraph 216, Army Regulations, and shall
be of the following proportions: Width, seven- thirteenths
of the hoist of the nag; length, seventy-six one-hundred ths
of the hoist of the flag.
The garrison flag will have 38 feet fly and 20 feet hoist.
It will be furnished only to posts designated in orders from
time to time from the War Department, and will be hoisted
onlv on holidays and important occasions.
Tfhe post flag will have 19 feet fly and 10. feet hoist. It
will be furnished for all garrison posts and will be hoisted
in pleasant weather.
The storm flag will have 9 feet 6 inches fly and 5 feet
hoist. It will be furnished for all occupied posts for use
in stormy and windy weather. It will also be furnished
to national cemeteries. (A. R. 223.)
888. At every military post or station the flag will be
hoisted at the sounding of the first note of the reveille, or of
the first note of the march, if a march be played before the
reveille. The flag will be lowered at the sounding of the
last note of the retreat, and while the flag is being lowered
the band will play "The Star Spangled Banner," or, if
there be no band present, the field music will sound "to
the color." When "to the color" is sounded by the field
music while the flag is being lowered the same respect will
be observed as when "The Star Spangled Banner" is
played by the band, and in either case officers and enlisted
men out of ranks will face toward the flag, stand at atten-
tion, and render the prescribed salute at the last note of
the music. (A. R. 437.)
The lowering of the flag will be regulated as to be com-
pleted at the last note of^'The Star Spangled Banner" or
*'to the color."
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DITTY. 71
339. The national flag will be displayed at a seacoast
or lake fort at the beginning of and during an action in
which a fort may be engaged, whether by day or by night.
(A. R. 437.)
340. The national flag will always be displayed at the
time of firing a salute. (A. R. 397.)
341. The flag of a military post will not be dipped by
way of salute or compliment. (A . R. 405 . )
342. On the death of an officer at a military post the
flag is displayed at half-staff and so remains; between
reveille and retreat 2 until the last salvo or volley is fired
over the grave; or if the remains are not interred at the
post, until they are removed therefrom. (A. R. 422.)
343. During the funeral of an enlisted man at a military
post the flag is displayed at half-staff. It is hoisted to the
top after the final volley or gun is fired or after the remains
are taken from the post. The same honors are paid on the
occasion of the funeral of a retired enlisted man. (A. R.
423.)
844. When practicable, a detail consisting of a non-
commissioned officer and two privates of the guard will
raise or lower the flag. This detail wears side arms or, if
the special equipments do not include side arms, then
belts only.
The noncommissioned officer, carrying the flag, forms
the detail in line, takes his post in the center, and marches
it to the staff. The flag is then securely attached to the
halyards and rapidly hoisted. The halyards are then
securely fastened to the cleat on the staff and the detail
marched to the guardhouse.
845, When the flag is to be lowered, the halyards are
loosened from the staff and made perfectly free. At retreat
the flag is lowered at the last note of retreat. It is then
neatly folded and the halyards made fast. The detail is
then reformed and marched to the guardhouse, where the
flag is turned over to the commander of the guard.
72 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
The flag should never be allowed to touch the ground
and should always be hoisted or lowered from the leeward
side of the staff, the halyards being held by two persons.
REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN.
846. The morning and evening gun will be fired by a
detachment of the guard, consisting, when practicable, of
a corporal and two privates. The morning gun is fired at
the first note of reveille, or, if marches be played before the
reveille, it is fired at the beginning of the first march. The
retreat gun is fired at the last note of retreat.
The corporal marches the detachment to and from the
Sieee, which is fired, sponged out, and secured under his
irection.
GUARD MOUNTING.
847* Guard mounting will be formal or informal as the
commanding officer may direct. It will be held as pre-
scribed in the drill regulations of the arm of the service to
which the guard belongs; if none is prescribed, then as for
infantry. In case the guard is composed wholly of
mounted organizations, guard mounting may be held
mounted.
848. When infantry and mounted troops dismounted
are united for guard mounting, all details form as pre-
scribed for infantry.
FORMAL GUARD MOUNTING FOR INFANTRY.
849. Formal guard mounting will ordinarily be held
only in posts or camps where a band is present.
850. At the assembly, the men designated for the
guard fall in on their company parade grounds as pre-
scribed in paragraph 106, 1. D. K. The first sergeant then
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 78
verifies the detail, inspects it, replaces any man unfit to go
on guard, turns the detail over to the senior noncommis-
sioned officer, and retires. The band takes its place on the
parade ground so that the left of its front rank shall be
12 paces to the right of the front rank of the guard when the
latter is formed.
851. At adjutant's call, the adjutant, dismounted,
and the sergeant major on his left, marches to the parade
ground. The adjutant halts and takes post so as to be
12 paces in front of and facing the center of the guard
when formed; the sergeant major continues on, moves by
the left flank, and takes post, facing to the left, 12 paces
to the left of the front rank of the band; the band plays in
quick or double time; the details are marched to the
parade ground bjr the senior noncommissioned officers;
the detail that arrives first is marched to the line so that,
upon halting, the breast of the front-rank man shall be
near to and opposite the left arm of the sergeant major; the
commander of the detail halts his detail, places himself in
front of and facing the sergeant major, at a distance equal
to or a little greater than the front of his detail, and com-
mands: 1. Bight, 2. DRESS. The detail dresses up to
the line of the sergeant major and its commander, the right
front-rank man placing his breast against the left arm of
the sergeant major; the noncommissioned officers take post
two paces in rear of the rear rank of the detail. The detail
aligned, the commander of the detail commands: FRONT,
salutes, and then reports: "The detail is correct;" or
"(So many) sergeants, corporals, or privates are
absent;" the sergeant major returns the salute with the
right hand after the report is made; the commander then
passes by the right of the guard and takes post in the line
of noncommissioned officers in rear of the right file or his
detail.
74 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
Should there be more than one detail, it is formed in
like manner on the left of the one preceding; the privates,
noncommissioned officers, and commander of each detail
dress on those of the preceding details in the same rank
or line; each detail commander closes the rear rank to the
right and fills blank files, as far as practicable, with the
men from his front rank.
Should the guard from a company not include a non-
commissioned officer, one will be detailed to perform the
duties of commander of the detail. In this case the com-
mander of the detail, after reporting to the sergeant major,
E asses around the right flank between the guard and the
and and retires.
352. When the last detail has formed, the sergeant major
takes a side step to the right, draws sword, verifies the
detail, takes post two paces to the right and two paces to
the front of the guard, facing to the left, causes the guard
to count off, completes the left squad, if necessary, as in
the school of the company, and if tnere be more than three
squads, divides the guard into two platoons, again takes
rst as described above and commands: 1. Open ranks.
MARCH.
At the command march, the rear rank and file closers
march backward four steps, halt, and dress to the right.
The sergeant major aligns the ranks and file closers and
again, taking post as described above, commands : FRONT,
moves parallel to the front rank until opposite the center,
turns to the right, halts midway to the adjutant, salutes,
and reports: "Sir, the details are correct;" or, "Sir,
(so many) sergeants, corporals, or privates are
absent;" the adjutant returns the salute, directs the
sergeant major: Take your post, and then draws saber;
the sergeant major faces about, approaches to within two
paces of the center of the front rank, turns to the right,
moves three paces beyond the left of the front rank, turns
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 7ff
to the left, halts on the line of the front rank, faces about,
and brings his sword to the order. When the sergeant
major has reported, the officer of the guard takes post,
facing to the front, three paces in front of the center ox the
guard, and draws saber.
The adjutant then commands: 1. Officer (or officers)
and noncommissioned officers, 2. Front and center,
3. MARCH.
At the command center, the officers carry saber. At
the command march, the officer advances and halts three
paces from the adjutant, remaining at the carry; the non-
commissioned officers pass by the flanks, along the front,
and form in order of rank from right to left, three paces in
rear of the officer, remaining at the right shoulder; if there
is no officer of the guard the noncommissioned officers halt
on a line three paces from the adjutant; the adjutant then
assigns the officers and noncommissioned officers according
to rank, as follows: Commander of the guard, leader
of first platoon, leader of second platoon, right guide
of first platoon', left guide of second platoon, left
guide of first platoon, right guide of second platoon,
and file closers, or, if the guard is not divided into pla-
toons: Commander of the guard, right guide, left
guide, and file closers.
The adjutant then commands: 1. Officer (or officers)
and noncommissioned officers, 2. POSTS, 3. MARCH.
At the command posts, all, except the officer com-
manding the guard, face about. At the command march,
they take the posts prescribed in the school of the com-
pany with open ranks. The adjutant directs: Inspect
your euard, sir; at which the officer commanding the
guard faces about, commands: Prepare for inspection,
returns saber, and inspects the guard.
During the inspection, the band plays; the adjutant
returns saber, observes the general condition of the guard,
76 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
and falls out any man who is unfit for guard duty or does
not present a creditable appearance. Substitutes will
report to the commander of the guard at the guardhouse.
853* The adjutant, when so directed, selects orderlies
and color sentinels, as prescribed in paragraphs 140 and
141, and notifies the commander of the guard of his
selection.
354. If there be a junior officer of the guard he takes
post at the same time as the senior, facing to the front,
3 paces in front of the center of the first platoon; in going
to the front and center he follows and takes position on the
left of the senior and is assigned as leader of the first pla-
toon; he may be directed by the commander of the guard
to assist in inspecting the guard.
If there be no officer of the guard, the adjutant inspects
the guard. A noncommissioned officer commanding the
guard takes post on the right of the right guide, when the
guard is in line; and takes the post of the officer of the
guard, when in column or passing in review.
855. The inspection ended, the adjutant places himself
about 30 paces in front of and facing the center of the guard,
and draws saber; the new officer of the day takes post in
front of and facing the guard, about 30 paces from the ad-
jutant; the old officer of the day takes post 3 paces to the
right of and 1 pace to the rear of the new officer of the day;
the officer of the guard takes post 3 paces in front of its
center, draws saber with the adjutant and comes to the
order; thereafter he takes the same relative positions as a
captain of a company.
The adjutant then commands: 1. Parade, 2. REST,
3. SOUND OFF, and comes to the order and parade
rest.
The band, playing, passes in front of the officer of the
guard to the left of the line, and back to its post on the
right, when it ceases playing.
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 77
The adjutant then comes to attention, carries saber, and
commands: 1. Guard, 2. ATTENTION, 3. Close ranks,
4. MARCH.
The ranks are opened and closed as in paragraph 745,
1. D. R.
The adjutant then commands: 1. Present, 2 ARMS,
faces toward the new officer of the day, salutes, and then
reports: Sir, the guard is formed. The new officer of
the day, after the adjutant has reported, returns the salute
with the hand and directs the adjutant: March the guard
In review, sir.
The adjutant carries saber, faces about, brings the guard
to an order, and commands: 1. At trail, platoons (or
guard) right, 2. MARCH, 3. Guard, 4. HALT.
The platoons execute the movement; the band turns to
the right and places itself 12 paces in front of the first
platoon.
The adjutant places himself 6 paces from the flank and
abreast of the commander of the guard; the sergeant
major, 6 paces from the left flank of the second platoon.
The adjutant then commands: 1. Pass in review,
2. FORWARD, 3. MARCH.
The guard marches in quick time past the officer of the
day, according to the principles of review, and is brought
to eyes right at the proper time by the commander of the
guard; the adjutant, commander of the guard, leaders of
platoons, sergeant major, and drum major salute.
The band, having passed the officer of the day, turns to
the left out of the column, places itself opposite and facing
him, and continues to play until the guard leaves the
parade ground. The field music detaches itself from the
band when the latter turns out of the column, and, remain-
ing in front of the guard, commences to play when the
band ceases.
78 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
Having passed 12 paces beyond the officer of the day,
the adjutant halts; the sergeant major halts abreast of the
adjutant and 1 pace to his lefts they then return saber,
salute, and retire; the commander of the guard then com-
mands: 1. Platoons, right by squads, 2. MARCH, and
marches the guard to its post.
The officers of the day face toward each other and salute;
the old officer of the day turns over the orders to the new
officer of the day.
While the band is sounding off, and while the guard is
inarching in review, the officers of the day stand at parade
rest with arms folded. They take this position when the
adjutant comes to parade rest, resume the attention with
him, again take the parade rest at the first note of the
march in review, and resume attention as the head of the
column approaches.
The new officer of the day returns the salute of the com-
mander of the guard and the adjutant, making one salute
with the hand.
856. If the guard be not divided into platoons, the adju-
tant commands: 1. At trail, guard right, 2. MARCH,
3. Guard, 4. HALT, and it passes in review as above; the
commander of the guard is 3 paces in front of its center:
the adjutant places himself 6 paces from the left flank and
abreast of the commander of the guard; the sergeant covers
the adjutant on a line with the front rank.
INFORMAL GUARD MOUNTING TOR INFANTRY.
857. Informal guard mounting will be held on the
Sarade ground of the organization from which the guard is
etailed. If it is detailed from more than one organiza-
tion, then at such place as the commanding officer may
direct.
358. At assembly, the detail for guard falls in on the
company parade ground. The first sergeant verifies the
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 79
detail, inspects their dress and general appearance, and
replaces any man unfit to march on guard. He then turns
the detail over to the commander of the guard and retires.
359. At adjutant's call, the officer of the day takes
his place 15 paces in front of the center of the guard and
commands: 1. Officer (or officers) and noncommis-
sioned officers, 2. Front and center, 3. MARCH;
whereupon the officers and noncommissioned officers take
their positions, are assigned and sent to their posts as pre-
scribed in formal guard mounting. ^ (Par. 352.)
The officer of the day will then inspect the guard with
especial reference for its fitness for the duty for which it is
detailed, and will select as prescribed in paragraphs 140
and 141, the necessary orderlies and color sentinels. The
men found unfit for guard will be returned to quarters and
will be replaced by others found to be suitable, if available
in the company. If none are available in the company,
the fact will be reported to the adjutant immediately after
guard mounting.
When the inspection shall have been completed, the
officer of the day resumes his position and directs the com-
marider of the guard to march the guard to its post.
BELIEVING THE OLD GT7AB.D.
360. As the new guard approaches the guardhouse, the
old guard is formed in line, with its field music 3 paces to
its neht; and when the field music at the head of the new
guard arrives opposite its left, the commander of the new
guard commands: 1. Eyes, 2. RIGHT; the commander of
the old guard commands: 1. Present, 2. ARMS; com-
manders of both guards salute. The new guard marches
in quick time past the old guard.
When the commander of the new guard is opposite the
field music of the old guard, he commands: FRONT; the
80 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DITTY.
commander of the old guard commands: 1. Order, 2.
ARMS, as soon as the new guard shall have cleared the
old guard.
The field music having marched 3 paces beyond the
field music of the old guard, changes direction to the right,
and, followed by the guard, changes direction to the left
when on a line with the old guard ; the changes of direction
are without command . The commander of the guard halts
on the line of the front rank of the old guard, allows his
guard to march past him, and when its rear approaches
forms it in line to the left, establishes the left guide 3 paces
to the right of the field music of the old guard, and on a
line with the front rank, and then dresses his guard to the
left; the field music of the new guard is 3 paces to the right
of its front rank.
861. The new guard being dressed, the commander of
each guard, in front of and facing its center, commands:
1. Present, 2. ARMS, resumes his front, salutes, carries
saber, faces his guard and commands: 1. Order, 2. ARMS.
Should a guard be commanded by a noncommissioned
officer, he stands on the right or left of the front rank, ac-
cording as he commands the old or new guard, and* exe-
cutes the rifle salute.
862. After the new guard arrives at its post, and has
saluted the old guard, each guard is presented by its com-
mander to its officer of the day; if there be but one officer
of the day present, or if one officer acts in the capacity of
old and new officer of the day, each guard is presented to
him by its commander.
863* If other persons entitled to a salute approach, each
commander of the guard will bring his own guard to atten-
tion if not already at attention. The senior commander
of the two guards will then command "1. Old and new
guards, 2. Present, 3. ARMS."
MANUAL OP INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 81
The junior will salute at the command "Present Arms"
given by the senior. Alter the salute has been acknowl-
edged, the senior brings both guards to the order.
364. After the salutes have been acknowledged by the
officers of the day, each guard is brought to an order by ita
commander; the commander of the new guard then directs
the orderly or orderlies to fall out and report, and causes
bayonets to be fixed if so ordered by the commanding
officer; bayonets will not then be unfixed during the tour
except in route marches while the guard is actually march-
ing, or when specially directed by the commanding officer.
The commander of the new guard then falls out members
of the guard for detached posts, placing them under charge
of the proper noncommissioned officers, divides the guora
into three reliefs, first, second, and third, from right to
left, and directs a list of the guard to be made by reliefs.
When the guard consists of troops of different arms com-
bined, the men are assigned to reliefs so as to insure a fair
division of duty, under rules prescribed by the command-
ing officer.
365. The sentinels and detachments of the old guard
are at once relieved by members of the new guard; the two
guards standing at ease or at rest while these changes are
being made. The commander of the old transmits to the
commander of the new guard all his orders, instructions,
and information concerning the guard and its duties. The
commander of the new guard then takes possession of the
guardhouse and verifies the articles in charge of the guard.
366. If considerable time is required to bring in that
portion of the old guard still on post, the commanding
officer may direct that as soon as the orders and property
are turned over to the new guard, the portion of the old
guard at the guardhouse may be marched off and dis-
missed. In such a case, the remaining detachment or
46705°— l
82 MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
detachments of the old guard will be inspected by the
commander of the new guard when they reach the guard-
house. He will direct the senior noncommissioned officer
present to march these detachments off and dismiss them
in the prescribed manner.
367. In bad weather, at night, after long marches, or
when the guard is very small, the field music may be dis-
pensed with.
Appendix A.
When the guard for the day is supplied by more than one
organization, the details due from the several companies
will be determined as follows: Take the number of pri-
vates for duty in each company from its morning report
for the day next preceding tnat on which the tour of duty
is to commence, deducting details for detached service of
over 24 hours, made after the morning report has been re-
ceived ; the total of these gives the total number of privates
available. Then: The total strength is to the strength of
a company as the total detail is to the detail from the com*
pany. Multiply' the total detail by the strength of the
company, and divide the result by total strength; carry
out to two places of decimals, disregarding all smaller
fractions. This rule is applied for each company.
The whole numbers in the results thus obtained are
added together, and if the total is less than the total detail
required add one to the whole number in the result that
has the largest fraction, and so on for each company till the
required total is obtained.
There will thus be a difference between the exact pro-
portion and the number detailed from each company; this
difference is entered in the credit column ana the next
day is carried forward and added or subtracted from the
first proportion.
83
84
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
FIRST DAY.
* Troop F furnishes 3 stable and no other guard.
Note.— The proportion due from a company is always given a minus
sign and the detail furnished given a plus sign.
MANUAL OP INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 85
SECOND DAY.
A 27 X 14 + 160 - -2.36 -.18 -2.64 + 2 -.54
B 23 X 14 -i- 160 - -2.01 -.10 -2.11 + 2 -.11
C 28 X 14 -*- 160 - -2.45 +.38 -2.07 + 2 -.07
D 23 X 14 -*- 160 - -2.01 +.08 -1.93 + 2 +.07
E 21 X 14 -*- 160 - -1.83 +.08 -1.75 + 2 +.25
F (Cav.) 38 X 14 -i- 160 - -3.32 -.23 -3.55 +*4 +.45
160 11 14
* Troop F furnishes 3 stable and 1 main guard.
The number of sergeants, corporals, and musicians will
be determined in like manner.
A convenient form for the roster is as follows.
86
MANUAL OF INTERIOR GUARD DUTY.
Roster L— Privates.
Enlisted strength of guard, 14 privates.
A Company:
Strength
First proportion. .
Final proportion .
Detail
Credits
B Company:
Strength
First proportion .
Final proportion .
Detail
Credits
C Company:
Strength
First proportion. .
Final proportion .
Detail
Credits
D Company:
Strength
First proportion .
Final proportion .
Detail
Credits
E Company:
Strength ■
First proportion .
Final proportion .
Detail
Credits
F Troop:
Strength
First proportion .
Final proportion
Detail
Credits
Guard required.
Jan. 1,
14.
25
-2.18
+2
- .18
24
-2.10
+2
- .10
30
-2.62
+3
+ .38
22
-1.92
+2
+ .08
22
-1.92
+2
+ .08
37
-3.23
+3
- .23
Jan. 2,
14.
27
-2.36
-2.54
+2
- .54
23
-2.01
-2.11
+2
- .11
28
-2.45
-2.07
+2
- .07
23
-2.01
-1.93
+2
+ .07
21
-1.84
-1.76
+2
+ .24
38
-3.32
-3.55
+4
+ .45
Jan. 3,
14.
27
-2.36
-2.90
+3
+ .10
23
-2.01
-2.12
+2
- .12
28
-2.45
-2.52
+3
+ .48
23
-2.01
-1.94
+2
+ .08
21
-1.84
-1.59
+1
- .59
38
-3.32
-2.87
+3
+ .13
MANUAL 07 INTERIOR GUARD DUTY. 87
Appendix B.
When details for guaid and fatigue are made as prescribed
in paragraph 11, no account will be taken of very small dis-
proportions in the strength of companies.
When the disproportion is considerable a roster will be
kept by the sergeant major under the supervision of the
adjutant as follows: In accordance with the method ex- ^
plained in Appen<Jix A, determine the proportion of pri-
vates each company would be required to furnish.
In the credit column, charge each company, except the
one furnishing the guard, with this proportion, i. e., with
the number of men it was due to furnish but did not
furnish. Enter this number or proportion with a minus
sign.
Then credit the company furnishing the guard with the
number of men furnished, less the proportion it was due
to furnish. The difference is the number of men it fur-
nished in excess, and is entered in the credit column with
a plus sign.
Whether the same or different companies furnish the
guard on consecutive days, the debits and credits will be
determined for each day and added algebraically to the
credit or debit brought forward from the preceding day.
The result will then be entered in the credit column for
the day.
When a new company is to relieve the one furnishing the
guard, that one will ordinarily be detailed which has the
largest minus number in the credit column.
The following table indicates the form of the roster.
The order in which companies are shown in this table as
furnishing the guard has no especial significance, as many
reasons may enter into the determination of this matter.
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