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CONCHOLOGY 


STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC. 


WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES. 


BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. 


CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 
OF PHILADELPHTA. 


WOME VLE. 


NATICID, CALYPTREIDA, TURRITELLID®, VERMETID, 
CACIDA, EULIMID.A, TURBONILLIDA, 
PYRAMIDELLID. 


PRVEADE LP HA: 
Published by the sts sata ae 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, CGR. ISTH & RACE STS. fi “ 


1886. hea 


MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 


Famity NATICIDZ. 


Shell subglobular, spiral, or paucispiral, with or without 
epidermis, the margin of the aperture entire. Operculum absent, 
or present and paucispiral or concentric, corneous or calcareous. 

Animal with voluminous foot, often incapable of entirely 
withdrawing into its shell; eyes at the base of the tentacles, 
often subcutaneous; shell often partially or entirely covered 
by the mantle. Dentition 3°1°3. 

The Naticidze have been monographed by 

Reeve, Conch. Iconica: Natica, 143 sp., 1855. Sigaretus, 26 
sp., 1864. Vanikoro, 24 sp., 1875. 

Philippi, in Kiister’s Conchylien Cabinet, 1852: Natica, 190 
species. 

Weinkauff, in Kuster: Sigaretus, 37 species, 1883. 

Sowerby, in Thesaurus Conchyliorum : Sigaretus, 28 sp., 1882. 
Vanikoro, 24 sp., 1884. Natica, 144 sp., 1883. 

Recluz, in Chenu’s Illustrations Conchyliologiques, ete. 


The present work admits about 225 recent species belonging 
to the family; many of those recognized by previous mono- 
graphers being considered synonyms: besides these there are 
many unfigured and undetermined forms. 


Subfamily I. Naticine. 


Shell turbinate, subglobose or auriform, the spire usually 
short; aperture entire, without canal or sinus, the outer lip 
sharp, not reflected or margined, the columellar lip callous, more 
or less reflected over the umbilicus. Operculum calcareous or 
corneous, paucispiral (PI. 1, figs. 12-14). 


4 NATICIDA. 


Animal with small tentacles, which are lanceolate, wide apart, 
connected by a veil; eyes absent, or placed under the skin, 
behind the tentacles ; foot much produced in front, where it is 
furnished with a fold (propodium) covering the head and anterior 
margin of the shell; operculigerous lobe very ample, partially 
enveloping the shell; mantle enclosed. Jaws corneous, waved or 
tessellated, subtrigonal (PI. 1, fig. 3). Central tooth of the 
radula trapezoidal, generally tricuspidate, lateral teeth with a 
central large and smaller cusps, inner marginals simple or bifid, 
outer marginals simple (Pl. 1, figs. 4-6). 

The animals of Naticidz, characterized by the cephalic disk 
forming the propodium, are completely retractile within the 
Shell in the typical Natica, but not retractile in Sigaretus and 
Mamilla. In some species of Neverita, the posterior margin of 
the propodium forms on the left side a sort of fleshy siphon; the 
operculigerous lobe, which encircles the shell sometimes has a 
sinus on the right side, probably for the introduction of water 
into the branchial cavity. 

The Natica (PI. 7, fig. 43) is an active animal, carnivorous and 
very predaceous, living in sandy places, where it hides under the 
surface and burrows for bivalves. These it pierces with its 
tongue, boring a round hole, generally near the beaks, where 
the shell of the victim is thinnest. ‘The eyes, hidden by the 
propodium, and subcutaneous, are generally not perceptible, but 
can be distinguished in the group Amaura. 

The Nidus (Pl. 7, figs. 44, 45) is unlike that of any other 
mollusk in form and composition, being built up largely of 
the sand of the sea-bottom, agglutinated into a strap, forming 
part of a circle, and provided on one side with a constriction or 
rim; the walls contain the eggs, arranged in quincunx order. 


Subfamily Il. Lamellartine. 


Shell thin, sigaretiform, more or less internal, generally pauci- 
spiral, sometimes reduced to a non-spiral auriform lamina; spire 
short, few-whorled, lateral; aperture oval, entire, large. No 
operculum. 

The animal (PI. 1, figs. 18,19) has not the cephalic disk of 
Natica. The mantle gradually grows over the shell until the 
latter becomes, in some of the genera, completely internal ; eyes 


NATICIDA, 5 


on prominences at the base of the tentacles. Dentition, Pl. 1, 
fie: 

The Lamellariine are carnivorous, living upon Hydrozoa, 
Aleyonaria and compound Ascidiz. The eggs are deposited in 
the midst of colonies of the latter. The first embryonic shell 
is nautiloid, with spiral ridges; the second is more simple, 
resembling a Carinaria; these shells are united at their margins 
by a thin membrane. ‘The pelagic larval forms have received 
the names of Brownia, Echinospira, Calearella and Jasonilla. 
See Manual, ii, t. 8, f. 103-105; Structural and Syst. Conch., i, 
130, t. 20, f. 51. 

Subfamily Ill. Vanikoride. 

Shell external, white, with sometimes a velvety epidermis, 
usually striated, costate or decussated ; umbilicated, without a 
trace of callus. Operculum thin, corneous, non-spiral. 

Animal with a long snout, tentacles flattened, much dilated in 
the middle, narrow above; eyes sessile at their external base ; 
mantle margin simple; foot profoundly bipartite, a narrow, 
truncated, elongated propodium and a larger, rounded or sub- 
quadrangular, operculigerous metapodium; a large epipodial 
veil on each side of the foot ; branchia a single row of triangular 
leaflets, partly free. Jaws flattened; radula short and wide, 
having, according to Gray, two series of teeth (?). 


Synopsis of Genera. 
I. Naticine. 
Genus NATICA, Adanson, 1757. 


Shell oval globular, porcellanous, solid, generally smooth, 
covered by a fine epidermis, which is transparent, and generally 
not very persistent; umbilicated, or umbilicus more or less 
filled with callus; aperture semilunar, vertical, the outer lip 
simple. Operculum large, semilunar, paucispiral, corneous or 
calcareous. 

Animal with large cephalic lobe, truncated in front, subquad- 
rangular. 

Subgenus Natica (sensu stricto). 

Shell smooth, solid, brightly colored in bands, spots, stripes, 
ete. Operculum calcareous (Pl. 1, figs. 12, 13). N. canrena, 
Linn. 


6 NATICIDA. 


The species are numerous; mostly inhabitants of warm seas, 
in all quarters of the globe. The genus first appeared in the 
jurassic formation. The fossil forms are remarkable for the 
persistence of their colors. Nacca, Risso, is a synonym. 

Section StigmMauLaAx, Morch, 1852. 

Whorls cancellated or grooved. N. cancellata, Lam. 


Subgenus Neverira, Risso, 1826. 


Shell large, depressed orbicular, spire conical or flattened ; 
umbilicus open, or partly filled by a tongue-shaped callous process 
(funiculum) of the columella. Operculum corneous. Dentition, 
Pl. 1, fig. 6. WN. duplicata, Say. 

The shell of Neverita is usually larger sized, sombre colored, 
and not so solid as that of Natica. The group inhabits mostly 
temperate waters. 

Section NEVERITA (typical). 

Umbilicus partly filled by a tongue-shaped callous process of 
the columella. 

Section LunatraA, Gray, 1847. 

Shell subglobose, large, umbilicus open, without funiculum. 
Almost insensibly connects with Neverita. Operculum, PI. 1, 
fig. 14. WN. heros, Say. 

Section PayreaupAutiaA, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Dollfus, 
1885. 

Umbilicus furnished with two funicular plications; shell small, 
variegated. N. intricata, Donovan. 

Appears to connect with the typical group which it resembles 
in coloration, but distinguished by its umbilicus and operculum. 

Section Mamma, Klein, 1753. 

Shell oval or suboval, solid, smooth, usually unicolored, white 
or yellowish ; aperture semilunar, inner lip oblique, callous, the 
callus extending into and more or less completely filling the 
umbilicus. NV. uber, Val. 

Polinices, Montf., 1810, Mamillaria, Swains., 1840, Naticina, 
Guilding, 1834, and Naticella, Guilding, 1840, are synonyms. 

Section Cepatra, Gray, 1840. 

Shell rotelliform ; umbilicus closed by a large callosity, a 
pliciform lamella on the upper part of the columellar lip. Fossil 
only. NN. cepacea, Lam. Kocene. 


NATICIDA. (: 


Velainia, Munier-Chalmas, 1884, is a synonym. 

Section MAmILLaA, Schum., 1817. 

Shell oval conic, rather thin, the whorls oblique, rapidly 
enlarging ; white or fasciated with brown; mouth oblong, inner 
lip narrow, reflected, usually brown or blackish; umbilicus not 
funiculated. N. maura, Lam. 

The synonyms are Naticaria, Swainson, 1840, and Ruma 
(Chemn.), H. and A. Adams, 1853. 


Subgenus AmpuLiina, Lam. fide Defrance, 1821. 


Umbilicus without funiculum, sometimes open, sometimes 
closed by a callosity ; columellar margin usually convex, the 
umbilical region limited by a spiral ridge. 

Globularia, Swainson, is a synonym. 

Only one living species belongs in this group; the rest are 
tertiary fossils. 

Section AMPULLINA (sensu stricto). 

Spire short, aperture large. N. sigaretina, Lam. Eocene, 
Paris (Struct. and Syst. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 66). 

Ampullinopsis, Conrad, may perhaps be placed here. Globu- 
laria, Swains., is also a synonym. 

Section AMAURELLINA, Bayle, 1885. 

Spire scalariform, elongated, sharp; umbilicus with a narrow 
false funiculum. WJ. spirata, Lam. 

Section Mrcatytortus, Fischer, 1885. 

Callosity of the umbilical region very large. limited by a 
semicircular groove, distant from the columella. JV. crassatina, 
Lam. Lower Miocene. 

Section Cernina, Gray, 1840. 

Subglobose, polished, bright colored; aperture large; umbili- 
cal region entirely covered by a convex callosity, not limited by 
a groove; columellar margin convex. JN. fluctuata, Sowb., the 
sole living species of this subgenus. 

Anomphala, Jonas, is a synonym. 


Subgenus Eusprra, Agassiz, 1837. 


Spire more or less elevated, suture canaliculated ; whorls few, 
angulated or carinated ; umbilical fissure little marked or hidden. 
N. canaliculata, Morris and Lye., Oolite, England. (Struct. and 
Syst. Conch., t. lxiv, f. 84). 


8 NATICIDA. 


Subgenus AmAuRA, Moller, 1842. 

Shell oval, smooth, thin, imperforate, covered by an epidermis ; 
aperture oblong, columella short, simple. 

Animal with small, compact foot, the right lobe profoundly 
sinuated ; eyes subcutaneous, but visible. 

A boreal group, commencing with jurassic fossils, and con- 
taining a few living species. N. candida, Moller. 

Section AcrysBtA, H. and A. Adams, 1853. 

Shell globular, spire very short; columellar margin incurved, 
columella twisted ; lip fragile. NV. flava, Gould. 

Bulbus, Brown, 1839, is a synonym. 

Section AMAuRopsis, Morch, 1857. 

Suture canaliculated. N. canaliculata, Gould. 

Section PsreuDAMAURA, Fischer, 1885. 

Shell more solid, longitudinally ribbed. NV. bulbiformis, Sowb., 
-fossil. 

Section Prycuosroma, Laube, 1866. 

Shell imperforate, oval; spire large, elevated, sharp; aperture 
oval, angular posteriorly ; columella straight; the margin arcu- 
ated; lip sinuated near the suture; growth lines sinuous. J. 
Pleurotomoides, Wissman. Triassic. 


? Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Adams, 1867. 


Shell small, imperforate, white, shining, apex submamillary, 
aperture acuminately ovate ; lip arcuate, simple, a little thickened. 
It is very doubtful where in the system these little shells 
should be placed. The type species was originally described as 
a Macrocheilus, but it was subsequently said to have greater 
affinities with Amaura. 
Subgenus Naricopsis, M’Coy. 

Shell imperforate ; inner lip very thick, spreading. Operculum 
shelly. N. Phillipsii, M’Coy. Carboniferous, Gi. Brit. (Struct. 
and Syst. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 67). 

Neritomopsis, Waagen, 1880, is a synonym. 

Section Isonema, Meek. J. humilis, Meek. Devonian, Ohio 
(S. and S. Conch., t. lxiv, f. 71). 

Section TrAacuypomrA, Meek and Worthen, 1866. 

Surface covered by small regularly disposed tubercles. 

N. nodosa, M. and W. Carboniferous, Illinois. 


NATICIDA. 9 


Subgenus Gyropes, Conrad, 1860. 


Shell depressed globose; aperture generally angular or nar- 
rowly rounded below; inner lip thin; umbilicus wide, deep, 
without callosity, bounded by a revolving carina which is some- 
times crenate, with occasionally a second small revolving ridge 
within; whorls shouldered above, the angle generally wrinkled 
or crenate. 

Cretaceous, United States, India. N. alveata, Conv. (S. and §. 
Voneh., tf. 1xiv, f.-70). 


Subgenus Tycuontra, de Koninck, 1881. 


Shell somewhat depressed, globose, smooth; spire short, 
obtuse, suture linear; last whorl very large, depressed at the 
base; aperture semilunar; lip thin; columella thickened by : 
callosity which is limited by a shallow oblique groove; no 
umbilicus. 

N. Omaliana, de Koninck. Carboniferous, Belgium. 


? Subgenus PLaryostoma, Conrad. 

Shell subglobose ; spire short ; aperture very large, suborbicu- 
lar, dilated ; labrum joining the body-whorl at right-angles to the 
axis of the shell. 

P. Niagarensis, Hall. Niagara group, New York (8. and 8. 
Conch., t. lxiv, f. 74). 

Section SrropHostytus, Hall. 

Shell subglobose, spire small, body-whorl large, ventricose ; 
outer lip thin, sometimes slightly expanded ; columella twisted 
or spirally grooved within, not reflected; umbilicus none. LP. 
subobtusa, Hall. Lower Helderberg, N. Yori: (S.and 8. Conch., 
; Ixiv, f. 75). 

Differs in its twisted or grooved columella. 

Section Ortostoma, Munier-Chalmas, 1876. 

Umbilicus moderate, circumscribed by a carina; whorls some- 
times partially free. P. Barrandei, Mun.-Chalm. Devonian. 

The relations of this group with Natica are somewhat obscure, 
as are also those of the typical form with those designated here 
as sections. As in many other cases with the older fossil forms 
we can only be guided by rather remote general resemblances. 


Tylostoma, Sharpe, is considered a member of the group by 


10 NATICID A. 


some conchologists ; I have placed it in Tornatellide (See Struct. 
and Syst. Conch., ii, 357). 


Genus RUMELLA, Bourguignat, 1885. 


Shell small, obliquely oval, polished, spire short, of few whorls ; 
last whorl with a large umbilical depression, limited by a basal 
angle, and covered by a strong rounded callus; lip simple. Oper- 
culum unknown. 

Lake Tanganika, Central Africa. 

The species are said to resemble the group Mamilla in minia- 
ture; their position cannot be positively ascertained until we 
become acquainted with the animal and operculum. 


Genus SIGARETUS, Lamarck, 1799. 


Shell depressed ear-shaped, with minute spire and very large 
aperture, externally with revolving striz; color usually white, 
sometimes invested with a thin corneous epidermis. Operculum 
minute, horny, paucispiral (Pl. 1, fig. 15). 

Animal with large mantle partly or entirely covering the shell 
—into which it is not able to withdraw entirely. Dentition. 
Central tooth of the radula shorter than the lateral cusps (PI. 1, 
fig. 7). 

Sigaretus inhabits warm seas, on muddy sand-flats ; it is slug- 
gish and very timid, moving slowly; when crawling they con- 
stantly explore the surrounding surface with the produced fore- 
lobe of the foot, which is also used in burrowing. 

Living species are rather numerous; fossil, it commences in 
the Cretaceous. Catinus (Klein, 1753), H. and A. Adams; 
Lupia, Conrad ; Stomatia, Hill; Cryptostoma, Blainv., 1818, and 
Raynevallia, Ponzi, are synonyms. 

Section SIGARETUS (sensu stricto). 

Shell depressed orbicular, convex above, mouth rounded ; 
umbilicus none or covered by a reflection of the inner lip; spire 
short, oblique. 

Section Eunaticrna, Fischer, 1885. 

Shell umbilicated, oval oblong, thin, ventricose; spire sharp ; 
inner lip straight, thin anteriorly, with a median callus. S. 
papilla, Gmel. 

It is Naticina, Gray, 1840 (not Guilding, 1834). Lacunaria, 


NATICIDA. 1 


Conrad, was referred here by me in Structural and Syst. Conch. ; 
its species having been described as Naticz ; it is now placed in 
Lacunide. 

Section AMPLOSTOMA, Stoliczka, 1868. 

Subovate, thin, spire short; whorls few, the last large, ventri- 
cose, produced in front, widely excavated at base; aperture 
elongately ovate, subangulated, pillar lip smooth, outer lip 
dilated and expanded at the margin; surface nearly smooth. 
S. auriformis, Stol., Cretaceous, So. India (S. & 8. Conch., t. 
lxiv, f. 85). 

The characters are exceedingly close to those of the last 
section. Lysis, Gabb., 1864, which I consider a member of the 
subfamily Purpurine, of Muricide, has been referred to this 
neighborhood by Dr. Fischer. 


Subfamily Il. Lamellariine. 


Genus LAMELLARIA, Montagu, 1815. 


Shell internal, ear-shaped, thin, pellucid; spire lateral, very 
small; aperture large, patulous, both lips regularly arcuated ; 
axis imperforate. No operculum. 

Animal much larger than the shell, which is entirely concealed 
beneath the dorsal shield; shield thick, verrucose, notched in 
front; foot elongated, truncated in front, acuminated behind ; 
eyes at the outer bases of the tentacles. Dentition 1:11, the 
central tooth subtrigonal, with the free margin denticulated and 
base incurved ; laterals large, the summit lanceolate, the margins 
denticulate, no marginals (PI. 1, fig. 9). 

There are a few living species, and two species in the Miocene. 
Interesting particulars of the habits of Lamellaria will be found 
in Structural and Systematic Conchology, ii, 209. 

The synonymy includes Marsenia, Leach, 1847; Cordocella, 
Blainv., 1824; Chelinotus, Swains., 1840; Cryptocella, H. & A. 
Adams, 1853; Hrmxa, Gray, 1857; Cryptothyra, Menke, 1830. 
Coriocella and Cryptocella have been considered subgenera, but 
have no important characters; the former was founded upon an 
individual accidentally deprived of its shell. The fry, also, 
have received several generic names (p. 5). 


1 NATICID AB. 


Subgenus Marsenina, Gray, 1850. 


Shell auriform, similar to Lamellaria. 

Animal (PI. 1, fig. 20) with shield only partially covering the 
shell, open in the middle, the anterior margin deeply incised a 
little to the left of the middle, and again incised at the middle 
of the right margin. Dentition, Pl. 1, fig. 10. Boreal Seas. 
IL. prodita, Loven. Colobocephalus, Sars, is a synonym. 


Genus ONCIDIOPSIS (Beck), Bergh, 1853. 


Shell internal, membranous, flexible, slipper-shaped, not spiral, 
oblong, obtuse at the extremities. 

Animal (PI. 1, fig. 21) completely enveloping the shell; dorsal 
shield verrucose, thick, margin entire; foot elongated, lanceo- 
late, exceeding the shield at either extremity; tentacles cylin- 
drical, with eyes at their exterior bases. Dentition as in Velutina 
(Pl. 1, fig. 11). Boreal Seas. O. glacialis, Sars. 


? Genus CALEDONIELLA, Souverbie, 1869. 


Shell heliciform, imperforate, oval, orbicular, thin, invested by 
a thin epidermis which extends beyond the lip; spire much 
depressed, sublateral; whorls few, rapidly increasing ; aperture 
oblique, rather large, the extremities of the simple lip united by 
a callus extending widely upon the whorl. Animal unknown. 
C. Montrouziert, Souverb. New Caledonia. 


Genus VELUTINA, Fleming, 1 822. 


Shell thin, mostly external, calcareous, auriform, paucispiral, 
invested by a velvety epidermis; spire lateral, suture well im- 
pressed ; aperture large, rounded, the lip thin, the columellar 
lip a little reflected. No operculum. 

Animal with large oblong foot; margin of mantle developed, 
and more or less reflected over the edge of the shell; head 
broad ; tentacles subulate, blunt, far apart, with eyes on prom- 
inences at their outer bases. 

Dentition, 2°1°1:1-2, the central tooth subquadrangular, multi- 
cuspid, the central cusps very long and sharp; lateral teeth 
multicuspid, marginals narrow, with a few obsolete denticles on 
the margin (PI. 1, fig. 8). 


NATICIDA. 13 


The Velutinas resemble the pulmoniferous genus Otina, but 
are strictly marine. Sometimes they are met with far out at 
sea, but usually live among stones near low-tide. Boreal. V. 
levigata, Pennant. 

? Catinella, Stache, is a synonym. 

Section Limneria, H. and A. Adams, 1853. 

Spire more elevated, peristome not continuous, columella 
subeanaliculate. V. undata, Brown. 

Morvillia, Gray, 1857, is a synonym. 

Section VELUTELLA, Gray, 1847. 

Shell in most part covered by the mantle, very thin, flexible, 
with short spire; peristome continuous, thickened. V. flexilis, 
Montg. 

Section Lepronotis, Conrad, 1866. 

Margin of the aperture remarkably expanded, surpassing the 
spire. V.exrpansa, Whitfield. Eocene. Alabama. 

The shell is minute, and may be embryonic. 


ScazvocyrRa, Whitfield, 1877. Struc. and Syst. Conch., iii, 350. 
Lyosoma, White, 1883. Struc. and Syst. Conch., iii, 350. 


These two fossil groups, of doubtful relationships, may 
possibly be members of the Naticide. 


Subfamily III... Vanikoride. 
Genus VANIKORO, Quoy and Gaimard, 1832. 


Shell subglobose, external, white, with a velvety epidermis, 
surface striate, costate or decussate, umbilicated, without a trace 
of callus in the umbilicus ; spire not produced; aperture semi- 
lunar, outer lip simple. 

Animal described in the subfamily. Operculum thin, corneous, 
with apical nucleus, not spiral (PI. 1, figs. 16, 17). 

A few species are found about corals in warm seas; fossil, 
commences with secondary strata. 

About equally well-known under the later and perhaps more 
acceptable name of Narica, Recluz, 1841. Leucotis, Swainson, 
1840, and Merria, Gray, 1842, are also synonyms. 

Section Vanrkoropsts, Meek, 1876. 

Shell subglobose, thick, body-whorl large, spire low; imper- 


14 NATICA. 


forate; outer lip simple, beveled, inner lip closely folded upon and 
adhering to the columella and body-whorl, very little thickened, 
smooth; surface with distinct revolving lines and furrows, 
developing on the body-whorl strong oblique grooves parallel to 
the growth lines. V. Tuomeyana, Meek and Worthen. Creta- 
ceous; Upper Missouri River (S. and 8. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 87). 

Section Naticopon, Ryckholt. 

Shell like Vanikoro, but inner lip usually thickened, and 
always provided with some kind of a tooth, columella either 
slightly hollowed out or solid; surface smooth, or ornamented 
with various spiral or transverse striw. -V. spirata, Sowb. 
Carboniferous, Hurope (8S. and 8. Conch., t. lxiv, f. 76). 

This group forms a connecting-link between Vanikoro and Neri- 
topsis; the former having the columellar lip smooth, the latter 
insinuated in the middle, or provided with two strong teeth, 
while Naticodon has only one tooth; as regards the thickness of 
the shell, this transition seems equally to hold good. 

Section Navirta, de Koninck, 1881. 

Shell globose, spire short, suture profound, axis perforated ; 
surface longitudinally plicate, with intermediate parallel striae, 
and slight spiral striz; columellar margin slightly thickened ; 
aperture nearly circular, peristome continuous. Carboniferous- 
Trias. V. lirata, Phillips. 


Subfamily Naticine. 
Genus NATICA, Adanson, 1757. 
Subgenus Narica (sensu stricto). 


N. MILLEPUNCTATA, Lam. PI. 2, figs. 22, 23, 24, 25. 

Yellowish white, closely painted with small light chestnut 
spots, umbilical region and interior of aperture light brown ; 
umbilicus with a central entering ridge. Length, 1°5—2 inches. 

Mediterranean Sea. 

Linnzeus classed this among the varieties of his N. canrena. 
It is a variable species in its color markings, thus acquiring 
several synonyms. Among those of the typical color-variety are 
N. punctata, Karsten, and N. stercus-muscarum, Gmel. (juvenile). 
Monterosato has named a var. minor. 


NATICA. 15 


Var. MACULATA, Desh. PI. 2, fig. 24. 


The spots larger, less sharply defined, often interruptedly con- 
fluent, with three interrupted bands of larger spots or macula- 
tions. 

Appears to connect closely with the type form, but has been 
separated as a distinct species of late years by several concholo- 
gists on account of differences in the lingual dentition. I retain 
the name by which the species is well known instead of the prior 
one of N. hebreea, Martyn—which has scarcely obtained currency. 
Other synonyms are N. trifasciata (Recluz), Adams ; N. aspersa, 
Menke ; NV. cruentata, Payr. 

Monterosato has named as color-varieties, fusca, immaculata, 
and rarimaculata. The latter appears to me to connect with the 
next species. 


Var. SANGUINOLENTA, Brusina. PI. 2, fig. 25. 


The punctations coalescing into undulating longitudinal flam- 
mules. 


N.FULMINEA, Gmelin. PI. 2, figs 26, 27. 


Shell solid, somewhat tumid and plicately striated next the 
suture; umbilicated, but the umbilicus partly covered by an 
overgrowing callous deposit on the upper part of the columellar 
lip, which finally becomes very thick; whitish, with longitudinal 
undulating or zigzag chestnut markings, sometimes partly broken 
up into spots; often peppered with minute spots between the 
larger markings; occasionally the zigzag lines break up into 
three revolving series. Length, 1—-1°75 inches. 

West Coast of Africa. 

The synonymy includes N. cruentata and WN. arachnoidea, 
Gmel.; ? N. pardalis, Phil.; N. bifasciata (Recluz), Reeve; N. 
punctata, Swainson; N. Senegalensis, Recluz (fig. 28) has been 
placed here by Reeve and Sowerby ; the figure has the markings 
of fulminea, but appears to possess a more conical spire; it is 
probably distinct. 


N. Apansont, Phil. PI. 2, fig. 30. 


Small, solid, yellowish maculated and spotted with chestnut, 
upper and lower portions of body-whorl free from spots, or 


16 NATICA. 


nearly so; umbilicus completely filled by the callus of the inner 
lip. Length, 15 mill. 
W. Africa. 
The shell figured by Reeve under this name (fig. 29) is a 
distinet species — N. fanel, Adanson. 


N. ruteurans, Recluz. PI. 7, fig.29; Pl. 2, fig. 28; Pl. 7, fig. 29. 


Yellowish white, with purplish brown angulately flexuous 
streaks, often running together; aperture white; umbilicus 
partly filled by a rather large, convex, rounded central callus. 

Length, 25 mill. 

“Senegal. 

Differs from N. Adansoni in the partly excavated umbilicus, 
from NV. fulminea in its more conical spire, and less tumid 
shoulder of the body-whorl. NV. Senegalensis, Recluz (fig. 28) 
appears to be a synonym. 


N. Boureurenati, Recluz. PI. 2, fig. 31. 


Somewhat thick, with well-impressed suture ; umbilicus small, 
contracted above by the lip callus and with an entering line; 
white-flamed longitudinally or punctate with dark chestnut. 

Length, 14-15 mill. 

Madagascar. 

Reeve unites this with the preceding species; if so, it is a 
strongly marked minor variety. 


N. zepra, Lam. Pl. 2, fig. 32. 
Whitish, densely longitudinally painted with narrow, sharply 
zigzag chestnut streaks. Length, 1 inch. 
Philippines. 
N. PELLIS-TIGRINA, Chemn. PI. 2, fig. 33. 
Whitish, densely spotted with purplish chestnut, a little plicate 


at the suture. Diam. 22 mill. 
Australia. 
N. variolaria, Recluz, is a synonym. 


N. macutosa, Lam. PI. 3, fig. 35. 

Spire more elevated than in the last species, umbilicus nar- 
rower, maculations obsolete towards the base of the body-whorl 
and sometimes near the suture also. Diam. 18 mill. 

China, Japan, Philippines, Java, ete. 


NATICA. 17 


It is very doubtful whether this is really distinct from the 
preceding species. N. Javanica, Lam., is a synonym. 


N.FANEL, Adanson. PI. 2, fig. 29. 


Widely umbilicated, with a re-entering callous central ridge, 
the umbilicus bounded by a sharp angle; whorls flattened next 
the suture; punctate with chestnut, some of the punctations con- 
fluent into maculations, which are either irregular or form two 
or three interrupted revolving series, 

Senegal. 

Reeve changed the above barbarous specific name to Adan- 
soni already used by Philippi. I cannot consent to re-baptize 
the species; better a bad than an unstable name, 


Notynx, Phil. Pl: 2; fio. 34. 


Rather thick, smooth, whitish, with light chestnut spots, 
umbilicus very narrow, nearly filled by the funiculate callus. 
Height 6°66, diam. 5°33 mill. 
Mangalore, India. 
Closely resembles the preceding species in form and coloring; 
distinguished by its much smaller size and narrow umbilicus. 


N. imperrorata, Gray. PI. 3, fig. 36; Pl. 17, figs. 27, 28. 

Solid, with a heavy white callus quite closing the umbilicus, 
whorls a little constricted below the suture, where they are 
shortly chestnut-flamed, everywhere else densely minutely punc- 
tate with chestnut, with obsolete light revolving bands. 

Diam. 1 inch. 

Cape of Good Hope, West Africa (Marrat). 

N. genuanus, Reeve (figs. 27, 28), is a younger and more per- 
fect state of this species, with the narrow pale bands more 
distinet and bearing dark spots or sagittate markings. 


N. FLORIDA, Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 37. 


Umbilicated, umbilicus brown stained, with a central entering 
ridge ; whitish, with close chestnut punctations and two faint 
light purplish bands, sometimes obsolete. Length, 22 mill. 

Hab. unknown. 
N. puuicaRis, Phil. PI. 3, figs. 38, 39. 
Shell umbilicated, smooth, polished, a little flattened beneath 


the suture; columella callous above; whitish, closely sprinkled 
2 


18 NATICA. 


with fine orange dots, with large oblique blotches on the upper 
part of the body-whorl (appearing also on the spire), and narrow 
revolving bands of the same color on the middle and lower part. 


Length, 20 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 


The above is the description of WN. tincturata, Reeve, which, 
in the Index to the “ Iconica,” is said to be a synonym of the 
smaller, obscurely figured N. pulicaris. 


N. cincta, Recluz. Pl. 3, fig. 40. 
Shell white covered by numerous chestnut punctations, with 
four narrow white bands spotted with brown. Length, 17 mill. 
Malabar. 
I am not acquainted with this species—which appears to me 
to be nearly related to the preceding. It is omitted from the 
monographs of Philippi, Reeve and Sowerby. 


N. vIoLAcEA, Sowb. PI. 3, fig. 41. 
Thick, smooth, polished; white, tessellated with obliquely 
square orange-brown spots, arranged in revolving series, some- 
times promiscuously interrupted or broken up into hieroglyphic 
markings; columella with a heavy violet-colored callous deposit, 
covering the upper portion of the umbilicus. Height, 1 inch. 
; Philippines, Viti Islands. 
This is N. rhodostoma, Phil. 


N. FABELLA, Jousseaume. PI. 3, fig. 42. 

Ovately conoidal, solid; yellowish with minute chestnut dots 
and a sutural series of maculations; aperture white within, 
bifasciate with chestnut maculations, the margin minutely chest- 
nut dotted; umbilicus narrow, largely covered by the thick 


brownish columellar callus. Length, 13 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 


Appears to be very closely related to N. lynx, Phil. 


N. recta, Adanson, PI. 3, fig. 43. 

Ovately conoidal, solid, smooth, shining; yellowish, with 
short longitudinal chestnut lines at the suture, the rest of the 
surface minutely punctate with chestnut ; umbilicus covered by 


the white colamellar callus. Height, 18 mill. 
Guinea. 


NATICA. 19 


N. Sacratana, d’Orb. Pl. 3, figs. 44-46. 


Whitish, with light chestnut, narrow zigzag lines, interrupted 
by a white band on the periphery ; columellar callus chestnut or 
violaceous, nearly covering the umbilicus. Length, 5-7-5 inches. 

West Indies, Madeira, W. Africa, 
Mediterranean Sea. 

N. fulminea, Risso, name preoccupied by Gmelin for another 
species; ? N. flammulata, Requien; N. pulchella, Pfeiffer (fig. 
46); N. nivea, Anton; N. Jamaicensis, C. B. Adams; N. filosa, 
Phil. (fig. 45), deseribed as lineolata, preoccupied by Deshayes 
for a fossil species, are synonyms. 


N. venustuna, Phil. Pl. 3, figs. 47-49. 


Shell shining, white with sparse chestnut lineations, somewhat 
zigzag, interrupted by a white band at the suture and a broader 
one on the periphery ; columellar callus white, filling the umbili- 


cus except a narrow chink. Length, 8 mill. 
Habitat unknown. 


The lines are not so close as in the last species, the sutural 
area is without them, the callus is uncolored and more nearly 
fills the umbilicus; still, 1 doubt its distinctness. WN. Bayani, 
Jouss. (fig. 49), is apparently a synonym. 


N. Traiuuit, Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 50. 


Rather solid, somewhat depressed globose, umbilicus large, 
partly filled by the brownish columellar callus; whitish, painted 
throughout with waved oblique dark chestnut lines. 

Length, 12 mill. 

Malacca. 

More depressed than N. Sagraiana, the lineations wider apart, 
not interrupted by any peripheral band, etc. 


N. Mozatca, Sowb. PI. 3, figs. 51, 52. 


Ovate, whitish with four series of ovate, obliquely quadrate 
chestnut markings; columellar callus wide, white, covering the 


umbilicus. Length, 15 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 


The form and eallus remind one of the smaller species of 
Neritina. 


20 NATICA. 


N. Curnensis, Lam. PI. 3, figs. 53, 54. 


Umbilicus wide, nearly filled by a wide central entering white 
callus, leaving a semicircular groove terminating in a narrow 
deep perforation above; white, with obliquely subquadrate 
chocolate-colored spots, arranged in four or usually five revolving 
series, the second and fourth series often conspicuously larger. 

Length, 1 inch. 

China, Singapore, Philippines, Viti Islands. 

This is N. onca, Bolten, of Adams’ Genera, and N. Aimei, 
Jousseaume (fig. 54). 


N. Forskatu, Chemn. PI. 3, fig. 55. 


Openly perspectively umbilicated, plicately striate next the 
suture ; white, longitudinally strigate with chestnut, the striga- 
tions interrupted, forming two narrow white bands, base un- 


colored. Length, 1-1°5 inches. 
Mauritius. 


Has been considered by some conchologists a var. of N. rufa, 
Born, but the latter is unicolored, interrupted by bands and at 
the base, and the umbilicus has a distinct entering ridge. 


N. Maneensis, Dufo. PI. 3, fig. 56. 


Strongly plicately wrinkled next the suture; umbilicus half 
filled with a strong white central entering callus; whitish, with 
two broad bands of oblique chestnut blotches. Length, 28 mill. 

Seychelles Is. 
N. Raynowprana, Recluz. PI. 3, fig. 57. 

Rather thick, smooth, umbilicus partly covered on the upper 
part by the white columellar callus ; orange-fulvous, sometimes 
unicolored, more frequently more or less covered by chocolate 
reticulations, often with an irregular band-like interruption on 
the periphery. Length, 1 inch. 

Ceylon, Singapore, Viti Is. 

Sowerby’s figure is of a shape not characteristic of this species, 
the spire being too elevated. 


N. canrena, Linn. PI. 4, figs. 58-61. 

Umbilicus largely filled with a white entering callus, leaving 
a semicircular rimation ; chestnut-brown, with yellowish brown 
revolving zones, and longitudinal zigzag brown streaks, becom- 


NATICA. 21 


ing darker and much more prominent upon the pale bands, base 


white. 
West Indies, Central America, Florida. 


The young of this species has been described under the 
name of N. proxima, C. B. Ad. (fig. 59). WN. lemniscata, Phil. 
(fig. 60), and WN. affinis, Busch (fig. 61), appear to me to be 
merely young, faded-out examples of this species, although the 
first has been identified somewhat doubtfully with a West African 
shell (Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., iii, 244). Another synonym is N. 
pennata, Schroter. 


N. ALA-PAPILIONIS (Chemn. in part), Auct. Pl. 4, figs. 62-67. 

Slightly flattened at the suture, umbilicus large, with a central 
entering callous ridge; fleshy fawn-colored, with three or four 
subequidistant narrow white zones filleted with chocolate, the 
interspaces of the first and second and of the third and fourth 
zones usually darker colored. Length, 25-35 mill. 

China, Philippines, Australia, Seychelles, Zanzibar, 
Guaymas and Cape St. Lucas, W. Coast of Mexico. 

The above remarkable distribution is fully confirmed by speci- 
mens before me. The West Coast shells are known under the 
name of JN. zonaria, Lam., but Carpenter acknowledges their 
identity. N. crenata, Recluz (fig. 63), N. articulata, Phil. (fig. 
64), and N. taniata, Menke, are synonyms. 


Var. BroperRIPIANA, Recluz. Figs. 65-67. 


Whorls longitudinally plicately grooved; orange-fawn color, 
with three white bands articulated with chestnut. 
West Columbia, Mazatlan. 
N. Taslei, Recl. (fig. 66), and N. costoma, Menke (fig. 67), are 
synonyms of this variety. The-latter has been differently 
identified, with N. marochiensis, Gmel., but Philippi’s figure of 
the original type sets this question at rest. 


N. prota, Recluz. PI. 4, figs. 68, 69. 

Umbilicated, the umbilicus mostly filled by a white entering 
callus, smooth; orange fawn-colored, white at the suture and 
base, covered with longitudinal short zigzag chestnut lines, and 
two or three subequidistant narrow or broader white bands 
sagittately marked with chestnut; the spaces between these 


22 NATICA. 


bands sometimes plain orange-fawn, or indistinctly or less dis- 
tinctly marked with the zigzag lines. Length, 1 inch. 
Philippines, So. Australia, N. Caledonia. 
N. elegans and N. euzona, Recluz, and N. decora, Phil., are 
synonyms. 
N. ZELANpDICcA, Quoy. PI. 4, fig. 70. 
Smooth, umbilicus with a central white entering callus; yel- 
lowish fawn-colored, with five white bands painted with chestnut- 


colored arrow-headed markings, and a similarly colored wider 
sutural band. Length, 22 mill. 

New Zealand. 
N. caATENATA, Philippi. Pl. 4, figs. 71-73. 

Wrinkled-plicate around the suture, umbilicus large, with a 
central entering callus, below which it is wide but shallow, whorls 
more obliquely flattened than in the preceding species, brown 
fawn-color, white around the base, with three prominent narrow 
white bands painted with sagittate chestnut markings; an indis- 
tinct additional band often appearing between the second and 
third ; interior violaceous white. Length, 18 mill. 

Panama to Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal. 

Allied to '. Zelandica on the one side and to N. marochiensis 
on the other. Reeve and Sowerby have confounded it with the 
latter and made it a Mediterranean species; Reeve’s figure 92a, 
however, represents the species correctly. NV. depressa, Gray, 
= N. Grayi, Phil. (fig. 73), isa synonym. Gray’s name was 
preoccupied by Sowerby for a fossil species. 


N. MAROCHIENSIS, Gmelin. PI. 5, figs. 74-96; Pl. 7, fig. 36; PI. 
8, fig. 49. 

Slightly plicate at the suture, umbilicus largely filled ‘by an 
entering white callus; color variable, grayish, yellowish gray, 
yellowish brown, or reddish brown, with about four bands of 
arrow-head markings, often running together or more or less 
obscured. Length, -75-1°5 inches. 

W. Africa, W. Indies, Panama to Mazatlan, Society 
and Philippine Islands, Australia, etc. 

An exceedingly variable species, with very extended distribu- 
tion. It is not the N. marochiensis, of Lamarck, which is 
Mediterranean, where the present species does not occur. It is 


NATICA. 23 


equally well known as N. maroccana, Chemn. The typical 
condition of the species is represented by figs. 74, 75. This 
form inhabits W. Africa, West Indies, Panama, Polynesia, etc. 

N. Cayennensis (fig. 80), N. sagittifera (fig. 36), and N. Sou- 
leyettiana (fig. 81), of Recluz, N. undulata, Pease MS., and 
probably N. Manceli, Jouss. (fig. 82),and N. undata, Phil. (fig. 
88), are synonyms. Very probably N. Gualteriana, Petit (PI. 
8, fig. 49), belongs here; it resembles N. tessellata, Phil., quoted 
below. 


Var. turiDA, Phil. Figs. 76, 17, 79, 83, 84. 

Yellowish green or whitish, the bands obscure, with faint 
chestnut lines crossing them instead of the sagittate markings, 
suture plicate. 

N. tessellata (fig. 79) and N. hebrexa, Phil., include specimens 
with the color lines more distinctly marked. Occurs mainly in 
Central Polynesia, Sandwich Islands, etc., but also in West 
Indies and W. Africa. 

N. plicatula, Nuttall MS., is a synonym, but the figure given 
by Reeve does not represent it, but more probably N. sordida, 
Phil. WN. Maheensis, Dufo, which I have described on p. 20, 
may possibly be a large aberrant form of this variety. N. 
limacina (fig. 83) and N. Marche (fig. 84), Jouss., belong here. 


Var. LivipA, Pfeiffer. Figs. 85-87, 89-92. 


Plicate at the suture; whitish or yellowish white, often with 
a broad band of ash-color or brown, almost covering the body- 
whorl, sometimes indistinctly doubly banded ; interior of aper- 
ture more or less tinted with chestnut or chocolate, the columellar 
callus chocolate-colored. 
E West Indies to Brazil. 
Closely allied to the preceding variety, but distinguished by 
its colored callus; it is also usually smaller. N. rujfilabris, 
Reeve (fig. 86), N. lacernula, Orb. (fig. 87), NV. Jamaicensis, 
(fig. 89), NV. gracilis, Sowb. (fig. 90), and N. nigrescens, C. B. Ad., 
are synonyms. N. Menkeana, Phil. (figs. 91, 92), is referred 
here by Mérch; it can scarcely be determined with confidence. 


Var, UNIFASCIATA, Lam. Fig. 93. 
Yellowish brown, chocolate or olivaceous, whitish towards the 


94 NATICA. 


base, with a more or less distinct narrow yellowish white band 
on the upper part of the whorls; interior chocolate tinged 
callus white. 


> 


Panama, etc. 

Large sized like the Var. Chemnitzii, into which it passes. WN. 

mustelina, Swains., may be a water-worn specimen of this variety ; 
it has not been recognized as a species. 


Var. Cuemnitzu, Pfr. Figs. 94-96. 

Grayish blue or grayish yellow, with four or five rather indis- 
tinct bands of sagittate markings either light chocolate or 
whitish, often connected by lightning-like whitish longitudinal 
streaks ; interior dark chocolate, banded. Large sized. 

Panama to Mazatlan and W. Africa. 

N.. Pritchardi, Forbes (fig. 94), is a synonym of this variety, 

as is also possibly N. Cernica, Jouss. (fig. 96), from Mauritius. 


N. INsEcTA, Jousseaume. PI. 6, figs. 98, 99. 

Shell thick, solid; whitish, with a central yellow band, and a 
few longitudinal flexuous chestnut stripes above and below it; 
umbilicus with a slight central entering callus. Length, 8 mill. 

Hab. unknown. 

Possibly a variety of the preceding species. 

N. LINEOZONA, Jousseaume. PI. 5, fig. 97; Pl. 6, figs. 100, 1. 

Umbilicus open, with a small entering callus ; white, with four 
equidistant spiral chestnut lines, and longitudinal chestnut 
flammules extending from the suture to the second revolving 
line, interrupted between the second and third, and. again 


extending from third to fourth. Length, 9 mill. 
New Caledonia. 


N. Gaidei, Souverbie (fig. 100), and N. notata, Sowb. (fig. 1), 
are synonyms. 
N. LocELLus, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 2, enlarged. 
Livid flesh-tinged, fulvous brown, obscurely filleted and 
stained ; columella thinly callous ; umbilicus partly filled. 
Habitat unknown. 
Is possibly a variety of N. marochiensis, Gmel. 
N. AsELLUS, Reeve. PI. 6, figs. 3, 4, considerably enlarged. 
Whorls faintly plicately striated at the suture, columella 


NATICA. 25 


covered by a broad ecallosity ; whitish, with two broad chocolate 
bands and a row of spots between them. 
Australia. 
N. Dinuwyni, Payr. 1.6, figs..5, 8; Pl. 5, fig. 78. 
Yellowish or fawn-white, with white bands bearing obscure 
arrow-head markings of light chestnut ; umbilical region whitish, 


partly filled by a callus. 
Mediterranean Sea. 


The original figure (fig. 8) represents an obscurely colored 
state of this species. N. avellana, Phil. (fig. 78) is a nut-brown 
variety, the bands obsolete. The late Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys 
considered N. proxima, C. B. Ad., a synonym. 


N. argouata, Recluz. PI. 6, fig. 23. 


Shell rather thin, polished; yellowish brown, with lighter 
zigzag markings; umbilicus with a large white entering callus. 

Length, 15 mill. 
Australia, Philippines, Moluccas, Viti Is. 


N. ABBREVIATA, Sowb. PI. 6, figs. 6, 7. 


Livid, bifasciately maculated, white-banded and slightly 
wrinkled at the suture ; umbilicus closed by the callus; aperture 
chestnut within. Length, 12 mill. 

? Mediterranean Sea. 

Possibly a form of one of the well-known European species ; 
only known to me by Sowerby’s figures. 


N. MARMOoRATA, H. Adams. PI. 6, fig. 9. 


Whitish, marbled with chestnut and somewhat flammulate at 
the suture, a lighter marbled band on the periphery ; umbilicus 
partly reduced by the superior callus; columellar callus and 
interior tinged with chestnut. Length, i6 mill. 


Canary Islands, Mediterranean. 
It is N. Pretot, Hidalgo. 


N. virtata, Gmelin. PI. 6, figs. 10-12. 
Yellowish brown, vittate with chestnut, or laciniated ; umbili- 
cus with a central entering ridge. Length, 20 mill. 
Morocco, Algiers, So. Coast of Spain. 
N. textilis, Reeve (fig. 12), and N. intricatoides, Hidalgo, are 
synonyms. 


26 NATICA. 


N. rorata, Reeve. Pl. 6, fig. 22. 

Shell depressed globose, resembling a Turbo ; umbilicus large, 
with flattened walls forming an angle with the base of the shell, 
and with a central thread-like entering-ridge ; aperture semicir- 
cular, the inner lip straight and mostly detached, bounding the 
umbilicus ; yellowish white, reticulated and spotted in revolving 
series with orange-brown. Length, 15 mill. 

Cape of Good Hope. 
N. urmpipa, E. A. Smith. Pl. 6, fig. 24. 

Rather thin, semitransparent, whitish, glossy, opaque white at 
the suture ; umbilicus rather narrow, without any internal ridge. 

Length, 8 mill. Torres Straits, Australia. 

No operculum obtained. Is probably a young shell, and cer- 
tainly possesses no characters to entitle it to description as a 
new species. 


N. Anront, Phil. Pl. 6, fig. 25. 

Smooth, plicatulate at the suture ; olivaceous brown, with two 
spiral series of brown dots, whitish towards the base ; umbilicus 
entirely filled with callus. Length, 14 mill. 

Loo Choo Islands (Phil.); Mouth of Macusi Riv., 
E. Africa (Smith). 

Mr. Smith remarks that a young specimen had a pale band 
between the two series of dots—which become obsolete in the 
adult. 


N. Conner, Recluz. P1. 7, figs. 34, 30-33. 


Obsoletely plicate at the suture; yellowish, with oblique, 
squarish chestnut markings in four spiral series, the two middle 
series sometimes confluent; umbilicus with a central rounded 
entering callus. Length, 19 mill. Australia, Japan. 

N. concinna, Dunker (figs. 30, 31) and JN. bicineta, Schrenck 
(figs. 32, 33) are only color-varieties of this species. 


N. RUBROMACULATA, Smith. PI. 7, fig. 35. 

With a band of chestnut-colored maculations above, and 
another near the base, the spots connected by longitudinal 
flexuous lines; margin of aperture maculate within ; umbilicus 
narrow, with entering callus, Length, 17 mill. 


Whydah, W. Africa, 


NATICA. 27 


N. VARIABILIS, Recluz. PI. 7, fig. 57. 


Smooth, shining, rather solid ; yellowish white, covered with a 
fine network of chestnut color, with a row of maculations near 
the base, and an opaque white band overlaid with the reticula- 
tions at the suture ; columellar callus tinged with deep chestnut, 
and nearly filling the umbilicus. Length, 22 mill. 

Hab. unknown (Reeve); W. Africa (Marrat). 

Seems to be nearly related to N. imper/forata, Gray. 


N. PAVIMENTUM, Recluz. PI. 7, figs. 38, 39. 


Yellowish white, with orange-brown flexuous markings or 
spots, interrupted on the periphery by a broad light-bluish 
band, on the middle of which is a spiral series of orange-brown 
squarish spots ; columella filled with callus. Length, 10 mill. 

Philippines, Amboina. 

N. Cailliaudi, Recluz (fig. 39) is a mere variety of this species. 


N. pyem@a, Phil. PI. 7, fig. 40. 


Whitish, covered by small chestnut-colored punctations, with 
three obscure bands ; umbilicus narrow, open. Length, 10 mill. 
Cape of Good Hope. 

N. pitecta, Gould. PI. 7, fig. 41. 

Covered with a russet-colored epidermis, under which the 
shell is ivory-white, reticnlated with a very minute network of 
rusty brown or fawn-color, leaving occasional white patches, and 
with a series of chestnut-colored blotches, revolving on all the 
whorls, near the suture; callus tinged with chestnut-brown, 
nearly filling the umbilicus. Length, 16 mill. 

? Mouth of the Rio Negro, Patagonia. 


N. Apamsiana, Dunker. PI. 8, fig. 46. 


Olivaceous brown, with two lighter bands covered with longi- 
tudinal flexuous chestnut markings; umbilicus with central 
entering callus; suture slightly plicate; interior of aperture 
chéstnut colored with two pale bands. Length, 23 mill. 

Japan. 
N. Moquinrana, Recluz. PI. 8, figs. 47, 48. 

Rather thin; yellowish brown, with three series of chestnut 

maculations, running together in adult specimens, with connect- 


28 NATICA. 


ing longitudinal stripes ; callus slight, partly covering the umbil- 
icus from above. Length, 16 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 
M. Recluz is of opinion that the operculum will prove to be 
corneous. 


N. LIMBATA, @’Orb. PI. 8, fig. 50. 


Thin, smooth, reddish or light purplish, white around the base, 
and white lined at the suture; umbilicus narrow. 
Length, 16 mill. 
Bay of San Blas and Mouth of Rio Negro, Patagonia. 


I am not acquainted with either this or the following species. 


N. IsaABELLEANA, d’Orb. [P1. 8, fig. 51. 


Reddish brown, smooth, thin ; umbilicus narrow. 
Length, 13 mill. 
Maldonado, Uruguay. 

Philippi remarks that the specimen figured and described by 
dOrbigny is probably worn and has lost some of its markings, 
as he had seen a Brazilian shell, with four bands, and longitu- 
dinal flames which might well be referred to this species. 


N. conLaRiA, Lam. PI. 8, figs. 54, 52, 53, 49. 


Whitish, with irregular, interrupted chestnut streaks, not 
extending to the base, slightly flattened at the suture, and milk- 
white, bearing fewer, larger sagittate chestnut markings ; umbili- 
cus with somewhat inferior entering callus ; interior tinged with 
chestnut. Length, 1-125 inches. 

W. Africa. 

N. labrella, Lam.; N. Gambix, Recluz (fig. 53), an old thick- 
ened example; and JN. obstructa, Menke (fig. 49 bis) a faded 
specimen, are synonyms. One of the figures of labrella given 
by Philippi in Kuster (fig. 52) also represents an individual 
denuded of color markings. 


N. Evena#, Recluz. PI. 8, figs. 55, 56. 


Depressed, inflated, spire small, suture well impressed, closely 
plicately ridged above and below between the growth grooves, 
the middle of the body-whorl with incised growth lines only ; 
umbilicus very large, with an inferior entering callus; whitish, 


NATICA. 29 


densely lineated with chestnut, the markings dislocated in three 
spiral series. Length, 1—-1°5 inches. 
Panama. 
Closely allied to the next species in general pattern of coloring 
only. 
N. Haneti, Recluz (fig. 56), and N. excavata, Carp., are 
synonyms. 


N.winrata, Lam. Pl. 8, fig. 57. 


Shell smooth, rather largely umbilicated, with inferior entering 
callus ; white, flexuously lineated with chestnut, except at the 
base. Length, 1—2 inches. 

Singapore, Philippines. 
N. BurtAsensis, Recluz. PI. 8, fig. 58. 

Whorls somewhat slanting above, convex below, smooth, 
polished; bluish white; witb longitudinal flexuous chestnut 
lineations ; deeply umbilicated; columella with a broadly re- 
flected deep red columellar callosity. Length, 15 mill. 

Isle of Burias, Philippines. 
N. GRACILIS, Recluz. Pl. 8, fig. 59. 

Whorls more convex and spire more produced than in pre- 
ceding species ; whitish, with crowded oblique longitudinal linea- 
tions ; umbilicus reniform, with a median entering callus. 

Length, 10 mill. 

Philippines. 
N. viretius, Linn. PI. 8, fig. 60. 

Whorls slightly plicate at the suture ; orange-brown, obscurely 
lighter banded, with an upper and a lower series of large white 
or yellowish spots; umbilicus deep, partly circumscribed by a 
superior callus. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches. 

} Ss TUG "é. 
N. zonatts, Recluz. PI. 8, fig. 61. page i ae 

Shell covered by a very thin brownish epidermis, beneath 
which it is whitish, with two bands of longitudinal, sometimes 
confluent chestnut lines ; umbilicus with inferior entering callus. 

Length, 17 mill. 

Viti Islands. 
N.rura, Born. Pl. 9, figs. 62, 63. 

Excavately umbilicated, with central entering callus, and 

Overhanging superior callus; upper and middle portion of 


30 NATICA. 


whorls chestnut-color, with a narrow white sutural band,a white 

peripheral band, and the lower part of the body-whorl also white. 
Length, 1:5 inches, Hong Kong, Singapore, Mauritius. 
It is NV. fasciata, Martyn, N. lewcozonias, Gmel. ° 

Var. SPADICEA, Gmelin. Fig. 63. 


The coloring lighter and more diffused, often varying in 
intensity in obsolete bands and spiral lines, the sutural white 
band wider. 

Var. Forskaui, Chemn. 


On p. 20 I have treated this as a distinct species; it has been 
regarded by some conchologists as a variety of N. rufa in which 
the coloring is interrupted by the growth-lines causing it to 
form longitudinal oblique stripes instead of being diffused over 
the entire surface. It is very possible that it has been correctly 
placed here. 


N. wELVAcEA, Lam. PI. 9, fig. 64. 


Whorls somewhat slanting above, then more convex ; umbili- 
cus deep, contracted above by the callus; a diffused white band 
at the suture, then a broad diluted chestnut band extending to 
below the periphery, base white; on the chestnut space, at the 
periphery is a narrow white band, above it generally another, 
obsolete. Length, 1°5 inches. Singapore. 

Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species, which it 
decidedly resembles in coloration, differing mainly in the 
sloping conical form, and narrower umbilicus with the entering 
callus barely indicated. It is usually called N. globosa, Chemn., 
but this is only a portion of the descriptive phrase used by that 
author to designate the species. It is N. spadicea, var. f, of 
Dillw., and N. pallens, Phil. 


N. cuausa, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 9, figs. 65, 67-69, 73. 
Shell globose, whitish or yellowish white, spire often tinged 
livid, umbilicus entirely covered and closed by a callus. 
Length, 1:25-2 inches. 
Arctic Seas—circumboreal, N. Japan, Alaska, 
Melville Isl., Greenland to Massachusetts, 
Arctic Europe, Off Coast of Portugal 
(nearly 1000 fms.). 


NATICA. 31 


The late Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys identified this with N. affinis, 
Gmel. Mr. Verrill in reviewing Dr. Jeffrey’s paper (Am. Jour. 
Sci., 3 ser., v, 472), dissents from this consolidation, because 
Nerita affinis, Gmel., is described as having a nacreous interior, 
as inhabiting New Zealand, and is placed in the umbilicated 
section of the genus. An inspection of the Syst. Nat. of Gmelin 
shows that in the last particular only is Verrill correct, no 
silvery interior is mentioned, the habitat is said to be northern 
seas and a reference is made to the Zool. Danica, prodr. of 
Miller. Still, the uncertainty of an unfigured species, insuf- 
ficiently described, and the fact that it is, whether correctly or 
not, placed among umbilicated species, forbid the use of the 
name affinis for the species. 

The synonyms are N. consolidata, Couth. (fig. 67), a southern 
and smaller form, occurring as far southward as Massachusetts ; 
N. septentrionalis, Beck (fig. 69), Greenland; probably N. russa, 
Gould, Arctic Ocean; N. operculata, Jeftreys (fig. 73), Japan. 

N. occlusa, 8. Wood, a Crag fossil of England, has been 
referred to this species; I think it distinct, as the spire is much 
more elevated and the whorls more convex. 


Var. virrata, Jeffreys. 
Spire more elevated, body-whorl with two purplish bands, one 
of them showing on the penultimate whorl. 
Greenland. 
This will perhaps prove distinet ; I should think it, from the 
description, more nearly allied to the fossil N. occlusa. 


Var. IANTHOSTOMA, Desh. Fig. 68; Pl. 19, fig. 89. 
Yellowish brown, irregularly white zoned, apex blackish; 
interior purplish. Length, 2 inches. 
Kamtschatka, Northern Japan. 
N. imperviA, Phil. Pl. 9, fig. 66. 
Oval, with spire very short, rather solid, white, umbilicus 
completely filled with callus. Length, 10 mill. 
Straits of Magellan. 
N. pusitta, Say. PI. 21, fig. 6. 
Cinereous, or yellowish white, with sometimes one or two 
obsolete bands; columella callous nearly closing the umbilicus, 


32 NATICA. 


and only leaving an arcuated linear opening; operculum cal- 
eareous. Length, 6 mill. 
Southern Coast of the United States ; 
Buzzard’s Bay, 3 to 8 fms. (Stimpson). 
This is not N. pusilla of Reeve’s ‘‘ Iconica.” 


Section StiagmauLax, Morch, 1852. 


N: stLeara, Born, Pi.) fie.i75; 


Largely umbilicated, partly filled by an inferior entering 
callus; cancellated by revolving and longitudinal close grooves, 
often pitted at their crossings; white, sometimes banded and 


mottled with fulvous orange. Length, 20 mill. 
West Indies. 


The revolving grooves are sometimes very faint, in other 
specimens as strong as the longitudinal ones. Other names for 
the species are N. cancellata, Gmelin, N. rugosa, Chemn., N. 
costata, Menke. 


N. sEMisuLtcaTa, Gray. Pl. 9, fig. 74. 


Deeply and rather widely umbilicated, umbilicus bounded by 
an angle, suture excavated, whorls slantingly flattened above ; 
polished white, encircled superiorly by five or six linear 


erooves. Length, 14 mill. 
West Indies. 
Is possibly a Mamma. I do not know the operculum. 


Subgenus Neverita, Risso, 1826. 


Section NEVERITA (typical). 


N. ampta, Phil. Pl. 10, figs. 81-88, 85, 86; Pl. 11, figs. 91-93; 
P12, fie. 36. 

Depressed globose, indistinctly spirally engraved, a little 
depressed below the suture ; umbilicus very wide, spirally striate, 
and usually two- or three-ridged, umbilical callus transversely 
deeply grooved in the middle, reflected over the upper portion 
of the umbilicus, rather small; color light flesh or yellowish 
brown, earlier whorls often livid, interior and callus light choco- 
late. Length, 2—2°5 inches. 

Indian Ocean, China, Japan, Australia, Mauritius. 

The numerous species here united have received from Sowerby 


aol 


NATICA. 33 


and others the name of N. didyma, Bolten (fig. 81), an author 
scarcely quotable; NV. vesicalis, Phil. (fig. 92), has also been 
used in this connection; but N. ampla has priority of position, 
although published at the same time as J. vesicalis. Other 
synonyms are: WN. robusta, Dkr., N. Lamarckiana (fig. 86), N. 
Chemnitzii (fig. 82), N. Petiveriana (fig. 91), and N. intermedia 
of Recluz; N. problematica, Reeve (fig. 93); N. papyracea, 
Busch (fig. 85); N. bicolor, Schrenck, not Phil.; N. incisa, Dkr., 
and perhaps WN. glaucina, Lam., not Linn. 


N. sicotor, Phil. Pl. 11, fig. 94. 


Depressed orbicular, smooth, yellowish brown above, whitish 
beneath ; umbilicus spirally striate, and few ridged, callus small, 
bipartite, chocolate-color; aperture dark chocolate above, whitish 
inferiorly. Length, 28 mill. 

Chinese Sea, Japan. 

Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. 


®.incer, Phil? Pl. 10> fies. S790; Pl. 11, fic. 95. 

Yellowish-, brownish-, or livid-white, chocolate, etc.; depressed 
orbicular; umbilicus entirely filled with a button-like callus, the 
rounded margin of which is sometimes deeply grooved ; aperture 
white, or tinged with chocolate. Length, 1-1-25 inches. 

Southern Coast of Australia. 

The synonyms are N. Baconi (fig. 95), and N. fibula (fig. 89) 

of Reeve, and N. clavata, Sowb. (fig. 90). 


N. JosepHin&, Risso. Pl. 10, fig. 84; Pl. 11, fig. 96. 


Depressed globose, widely umbilicated, but the umbilicus 
mostly filled by the flattened callus; glaucous or yellowish brown 
above, usually lighter or whitish beneath, aperture chocolate- 


colored, white inferiorly. Length, 1 inch. 
Southern Europe. 


It is N. glaucina of Reeve and other authors (fig. 96), not of 
Linnzeus or Lamarck; N. olla, Desh.; N. Philippiana, Recluz 
(fig. 84); N. albumen, Scacchi, etc. 


N. pupiicata, Say. PI. 12, figs. 3-5; Pl. 18, fig. 10. 
More or less conically globose, obsoletely spirally engraved, 
and obliquely longitudinally striated, often with a slightly 
3 


34 NATICA. 


depressed area beneath the suture; umbilicus wide, spirally 
striate, nearly filled by a wide, somewhat overhanging callus, 
which is often rugose or obsoletely pitted; gray, yellowish 
brown, livid, etc., callus and interior of aperture chocolate. 
Length, 3 inches. 
New England to Florida, Gulf Shores of the United States, ete. 


The species figured by Reeve under this name is Lunatia 
heros, Say ; Sowerby has also confounded the two species. N. 
Delessertiana, Recluz, combines the typical form with that 
described by Gould as N. fossata (fig. 4). The latter is scarcely 
entitled to even varietal rank; it is distinguished by the umbili- 
cus being more decidedly striate and bounded by an acute ridge, 
but these features common, perhaps predominant in Florida 
specimens, seem to shade away with the more northern distribu- 
tion. N. Campeachiensis, Recluz (fig. 10), and N. Texasiana, 
Phil. (fig. 5),are synonyms. The bowl-shaped sandy nidimental 
ribbon is a common and very curious sea-shore object; it is very 
different in form and structure from the capsules of other gastro- 
pod genera. 


N. Reciuzrana, Desh. PI. 12, fig. 1. 


Shell solid, conically globose, columella strongly callous from 
the superior function of the outer lip, nearly filling the umbilicus ; 
fawn-color, or yellowish brown, lighter or whitish below, interior 
chocolate, callus usually white. Length, 5 inches. 

California, N. W. Coast of Mexico. 

The figure is more than usually conical, the general form being 
somewhat more conical than in NV. duplicata. 


N. euauca, Humboldt. Pl. 11, figs. 97, 98. 


Shell very much depressed, rugosely striate, concavely exca- 
vated beneath, the umbilicus partly overhung by a thin, tongue- 
like callus; whitish, or yellowish, broadly chestnut banded 
above, callus and interior chestnut-color. 


L. 1-25, diam. 2°25 inches. 
Acapulco to Panama. 


It is N. Bonplandi, Val. and N. patula, Sowb. The latter 
name should perhaps have priority were it not preoccupied for a 
fossil species. 


<S 


NATICA. 35 


Pee 


N. parvata, Canefri. Pl. 23, fig. 64. 

Smooth, very minutely decussately striate, subplicate at the 
suture ; bluish white, with two indistinct chestnut bands ; umbil- 
icus entirely filled by a heavy white columellar callus; aperture 


chestnut-colored. Length, 18 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 


The operculum has not been observed, and the systematic 
position of the species is uncertain. 


Section Lunatta, Gray, 1847. 
M® Linwist; Gould. Pl: 13, figs, 11, 12; Pl. 9, fig. 70. 


Conical globose, obsoletely spirally striate, yellowish white or 
brownish white; whorls obliquely sloping above with, in old 
specimens, an obtuse angle on the shoulder, defined by a slight 
concave constriction above and below it; interior chocolate- 
white ; umbilicus narrow and deep, with a tongue-shaped, chocolate- 
tinged callus extended partly over it from above. 

Length, 3-5 inches. 

California, Oregon, etc., Japan. 

The largest species of the genus. Small specimens are regu- 
larly rounded on the upper portion of the whorls; it is only with 
advancing age that the constriction gradually becomes more 
apparent. The species is generally known as N. herculea, Mid- 
dendorff, but that name was published two years subsequently. 


_N. Reiniana, Dunker (fig. 12),a Japanese species, is surely a 


synonym ; and WN. algida, Gould (fig. 70) is the young. 


W, HERos, Say. PI. 13, figs. 13, 16; Pl. 14, figs. 19, 20. 
Yellowish, or brownish white, with obsolete waved minute 

spiral striz, interior flesh-color, columella only slightly callously 

thickened, flesh-color, scarcely contracting the narrow, deep 


umbilicus. Length, 3-4°5 inches. 
Maine to New Jersey. 


N. heros is a northern species, gradually replaced southwards 
by WN. duplicata. The latter has been confounded with it by 
British authors. Like N. duplicata, it preys extensively on 
other mollusks; on the New Jersey coast Mactra solidissima is 
its usual victim, being grasped in the voluminous foot of the 


36 NATICA. 


Natica, whilst the tongue bores a circular hole through the shell 
near its beak. The egg-case, like that of N. duplicata, is a com- 
mon sea-shore object. 

N. triseriata, Say (fig. 16) is a color-variety of the young of 
this species ; it has three spiral series of oblique, short chestnut 
streaks, under an olive-gray epidermis. In this state the species 
resembles some of the typical Naticas in coloration. As the 
shell grows larger the markings become more obscure, so that it 
is rare to find a specimen an inch in diameter in which any trace 
of them remains. In other young specimens there are never 
any markings at any stage of growth. N. ampullaria, Lam., 
referred by authors to several species, really appears to belong to 
this ; but there seems to be no good reason for reviving it at this 
late day. N. pomum, Phil. (fig. 20) appears to be a synonym; 
its locality is unknown. 


N. PAPYRACEA, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 14. 
Shell thin, globose, yellowish white, obscurely two-banded, 
umbilicus narrow, interior of aperture and columella flesh-color. 
Length, 1°4 inches. 
Hab. unknown. 
Said to resemble the European Helix pomum. It is probably 
the young of one of the preceding species—perhaps of NV. Lewisiv. 
N. nevicuna, Verrill. Pl. 13, fig..17. 
Shell thin and light, globose, with deeply impressed sutures, 
columellar lip nearly vertical, very slightly callously expanded 


above, so as to encroach somewhat on the narrow umbilicus. 


Length, 40 mill. 
Maine, Massachusetts ; deep water. 


Much thinner, with more rounded whorls and different colu- 
mella than N. heros. It is very rare,and has only been obtained 
during recent years by dredging. 


N. croposa, Jeffreys. Pl. 14, fig. 34. 


Globular, thin and fragile, semitransparent, glossy, whitish, 
suture rather deep, umbilicus narrow. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Moroccoand Cape Verd Is. (Talisman Exped., 1192-1980 fms.). 

I introduce this little species here, because of its remarkably 
suggestive resemblance to the preceding one, of which it may 
possibly be the young. 


NATICA. 37 


N. Paragonica, Phil. Pl. 14, fig. 24; Pl. 21, fig. 12.. 


Shell globose, solid, smooth, white, suture profound, umbilicus 


narrow. Length, 1°4 inches. 
Straits of Magellan. 


N. globosa, King (unfigured), from the same locality, appears 
to agree in description, except that it is said to be thin. Per- 
haps N. Magellanica, Phil. (fig. 12), may also be referred here. 


N. ATROcCYANEA, Phil. PI. 14, fig. 21. 


Ovately globose, rather thin, bluish or bluish-white, with a 
white band at the suture, and white also at the base; umbilicus 
narrow; interior and columella chocolate-colored. 

Length, 1-5 inches. 

Straits of Magellan. 
N. Forrunel, Reeve. Pl. 14, figs. 22,23; Pl. 9, fig. 72; Pl. 21, 
fig: 9; 

Conically globose, with elevated spire and well-marked suture, 
umbilicus narrow, slightly contracted by callus above ; yellowish 
white to brownish, interior tinged with chocolate. 

Length, 42 mill. 

China. 

Reeve’s example was a young one (fig. 22), and resembles 
Natica tenuis, Philippi (not Recluz), so closely (fig. 9), that I 
am inclined to consider that shell also identical; although it is 
said to be as thin as paper, whilst Mortunez is of medium thick- 
ness. The name tenuis was used at an earlier date by Recluz. 
Perhaps N. gilva, Phil. (fig. 72), is identical; if so, the name will 
take precedence. 


N. panwipA, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 14, figs. 27,26,28; Pl. 13, fig. 
15; Pl. 9, figs. 16-78. 
Ovately globose, narrowly umbilicated, smooth, dirty white 
under a yellowish brown thin epidermis. Length, 28 mill. 
Arctic Seas—circumboreal ; Maine, Massachusetts. 
N. borealis, Gray (fig. 76); N.alba, Lovén; N. pusilla, Gould, 
Forbes and Hanley (not Say) (fig. 78); WN. Grenlardica, Beck 
(fig. 35); NV. lactea, Lovén; N. bulbosa, Reeve (fig. 77), probably 
N. Beverlii, Leach; N. Gouldii, Phil. (fig. 15); MW. suturalis, 
Gray (fig. 28); N. livida, Laskey; N. caurina, Gould (fig. 26), 
are synonyms. 


38 NATICA. 


N. sorpmpa, Phil. PI. 12, figs. 99, 100. 

Solid, striate longitudinally, reddish brown or orange-brown, 
or yellowish white, white at the base; umbilicus narrow, open, 
spirally striate, usually reddish brown as well as the callus; 
interior of aperture whitish or tinged with brown. 


Length, 1*1 inches. 
England to Mediterranean, rare. 


With this must be united N. Brocchiana, Phil., N. fusca, of 
Weinkauff, not Blainville—the latter being a somewhat doubtful 
species, NW. levida, Laskey, and N. plicatula, Reeve (fig. 100). 


N. compacta, Jeffreys. Pl. 14, fig. 31. 

Globular. thick, opaque, somewhat glossy, with a few micro- 
scopical spiral striz ; light yellowish brown ; suture wide, slightly 
channeled ; inner lip thickened, closing the umbilicus, but not by 
a pad. Length, 9 mill. 

Atlantic, O. (‘‘ Porcupine ” and “ Lightning ” Expeditions). 

The young have the umbilicus open. 


N. suppiicaTa, Jeffreys. Pl. 14, fig. 32. 

Globular, rather thick, opaque, glossy, slightly wrinkled— 
striate at the suture ; ivory-white ; suture rather deep ; umbilicus 
narrow. Length, 10 mill. 

Bay of Biscay, Off Cape Verd Is. (370-1192 fms.). 


N. ANGULATA, Jeffreys. Pl. 14, fig. 33. 
This is an embryo only, and should not have been described. 
Length, 1-25 mill. 
Atlantic, Mediterranean (“ Porcupine” Exped.). 


N. TENUIS, Recluz. Pl. 14, fig. 25. 

Thin, dirty white, smooth, spire elevated, suture well impressed, 
columellar callus thin, reducing the umbilicus to a rimate open- 
ing. Length, 1 inch. 

Valparaiso. 
N.mMmacunata, Totten. Pl. 12, fig. 7. 

Conically ovate, the extremities rather pointed, milk-white, 
under a thin greenish yellow epidermis; umbilicus narrow; 
inner lip with white callus. Length, 8 mill. 

New England, Nova Scotia, ete., to Greenland. 

With this I unite NV. nana, Moller, a species described from 
Greenland. 


NATICA. 39 


N. prstrorMis, Recluz. PI. 12, fig. 8. 


Narrowly umbilicated, white, columella with a white callus 
above ; rather solid, whorls somewhat flattened above. 
Length, 5-6 mill. 
Valparaiso, Chili. 
I know nothing of this species. 


N. nucuna, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 9; Pl. 9, fig. 80. 


Subglobose, body-whorl obliquely flattened or subconstricted 
around the middle; columella with a broad, button-like callosity 
completely covering the umbilicus; dull yellowish white, livid at 
the apex. 

New Ireland. 

The figure is said to be “considerably magnified,” but no 
dimensions are given. 


N. optusa, Jeffreys. Pl. 9, fig. 79. 
Cenically globose, rather thick, opaque and glossy, whitish, 
inner lip callous, completely covering the umbilicus. 
Length, 7°5 mill. 
N. Atlantic Ocean. 
Closely resembling N. immaculata, Totten in form, but dis- 
tinguished by its closed umbilicus. 


N. sotuta, Gould. PI. 9, fig. 71. 


Shell small, thin, globular, whorls slightly tabulated above, 
suture channeled ; umbilicus deep, narrow, columella somewhat 
callous above; color whitish. Length, 13 mill. 

2 Southern Coast of South America. 

The locality is very doubtful. It does not appear to differ 
much from N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb., and P. P. Carpenter is 
probably correct in referring it to that species. 


N. Montacut, Forbes. Pl. 14, fig. 30. 


Yellowish or rufous white, smooth, suture narrowly channeled, 
umbilicus moderate, with a nearly obsolete entering callus. 
Length, 10 mill. 
Iceland, England, Norway. 
It is N. rufa, Montagu; N. helicina, Saguenza (in part); N. 
albula, Marshall, and N. squalida and N. rutila of Macgillivray. 


40 NATICA. 


N. NoraBILis, Jeffreys. Pl. 13, fig. 18. 

Somewhat pointed at the extremities, thick, smooth, opaque, 
rather glossy ; yellowish white, with three equidistant bands on 
the body-whorl, composed of oblique, close, reddish brown 
streaks; umbilicus contracted by a thick but small chestnut- 
blotched pad, so as to form a concentric groove. 

Length, 10 mill. 

Off Sagres, Portugal. 

Like N. triseriata in coloring, but the whorls are not so 
ventricose, spire more pointed, and umbilicus different; it 
differs also from N. macilenta in shape, consistency, color and 
umbilicus. 


N. MACILENTA, Phil. Pl. 6, figs. 17-19. 


Shell conic-ovate, smooth, spire rather elevated, openly um- 
bilicated ; yellowish white, four-banded with oblique chestnut 
streaks, columellar callus chestnut-tinged. Length, 12-15 mill. 

Mediterranean, Atlanlic Coast of Spain and N. Africa. 

N. pulchella, Risso, is probably the same species, and N. Rizze, 
Phil. (fig. 19), is a slight color-variety. It is very doubtful 
whether this species is distinct from N. Guillemini, Payr., 
differing only in its smaller size and more oval shape. 


N. GurmLuemini, Payr. Pl. 6, figs. 16, 14, 26. 

Narrowly umbilicated, conically globose; purplish white, 
marbled or obscurely five-banded with chestnut blotches, which 
are more distinct and irregular around the suture, columellar 
callus tinged with chestnut. Length, 18-22 mill. 

Southern Europe, Atlantic and Mediterranean. 

N. marmorata, Risso, and N. maroccana, Salis, are synonyms. 
See remarks under preceding species. N. Franciscana, Recluz 
(fig. 26), is a variety. 


N. ALperI, Forbes. PI. 6, figs. 13, 15. 

Obliquely rounded above, subglobose; whitish, usually with 
five bands of chestnut-colored markings, the three lower ones 
sagittate ; umbilicus open, narrow, the columellar callus chestnut- 
tinted, slightly impinging above. Length, 12-15 mill. 

Northern Europe to Mediterranean Sea. 

This is N. nitida, Forbes and Hanley (fig. 15), not Donovan, 


NATICA, 41 


N. marochiensis, Phil., not Chemnitz; perhaps NN. glaucina, 
Linn., in part, N. macilenta, Reeve (fig. 13), not Phil., and J. 
lactea, Marshall, N. intermedia, Phil., N. Poliana, Chiaje, etc. 


N. catena, DaCosta. PI. 7, figs. 42-45. 

Shell yellowish brown, with a single band of very short flexu- 
ous chestnut markings or spots at the suture ; umbilicus open, 
rather narrow, partly restricted above by the callus. 


Length, 1:5-2 inches. 
Europe. 


Better known under the later name of N. monilifera, Lam.; 
but it is doubtful whether this species has been properly identi- 
fied ; it is certainly the N. monilifera of most authors. 

The animal is yellowish or drab, with a purplish tinge on the 
upper part, and faintly lineated with brown. The fry are 
globular, orange-colored and umbilicated; they assume the 
purplish brown markings after they are excluded from. the 
leathery band (fig. 44). 

According to Bouchard-Chantereaux the sexual coition lasts 
many hours. The spawn-envelope consists of a great number 
of rounded cells, each containing from 12 to 15 fry, which 
emerge in succession at an interval of two or three days after at 
least two months of foetal life. The eggs are laid usually in 
March and April, and the young are produced in May or June. 
“When just taken, in vigor, and immersed in sea-water, it is 
scarcely possible to contemplate a more beautiful and interesting 
object, with its shell rising as a globular pyramid from its 
immense circular disk, elegantly marked with fine dark lines on 
clear drab ground.”—CLark. 

It is N. canrena, Maton and Rackett, N. castanea, Lam., N. 
Nicolii, Forbes, N. helicina, Brocchi, N. glaucina, Fleming and 
Pennant. N. ampullaria, Lam., has been referred to this 
species, but the figure of it given by Delessert is more like N. 
heros, Say. The brown variety called castanea by Lamarck, has 
since been rechristened Var. Leckenbyi, Marshall. 


N. LarGituierti, Recluz. PI. 14, fig. 29. 


Yellowish brown, rather smooth, inflated, umbilicus narrow, 
reduced to a mere slit by the reflected callus. 
Length, 32-45 mill. Newfoundland. 


49, NATICA. 


Believed to have been obtained from the stomach of codfish. 
If the original figure is correct, this species appears to have 
escaped all other collectors. 


Section PAYRAUDEAUTIA, Bueq., Dautz. & Dollf., 1883. 


N. mntricaTA, Donovan. PI. 6, figs. 20, 21. 


Largely excavated umbilicated, with two funicular ridges ; 
purple-white, with five or six white bands bearing angular or 
sagittate chestnut markings, interior chocolate-tinged. 

Length, 15-22 mill. 

Azores, Southern Europe, Mediterranean Sea. 

N. fasciata, Risso, N. grisea, Requien, N. Valenciennesta, 
Payr., are Synonyms. 


Section Mamma, Klein, 1753. 


N. peroposa, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 36. 


Depressed ovate, spire minute, body-whorl flattened beneath, 
the umbilicus filled by a heavy white callus; whorls smooth, 


striate, pale straw-color. Length, 1°75 inches. 
Australia. 
Differs in form and umbilicus from N. aurantia, Lam. 


N. AURANTIA, Lam. Pl. 15, figs. 39-41, 37. 

Thick, ponderous, body-whorl conically sloping above and a 
little constricted in old specimens ; orange-brown; callus heavy, 
ivory-white, in adults usually entirely filling the umbilicus. 

Length, 2 inches. 

Singapore, Moluccas, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia. 
Var. Mirrrer, Hombr. and Jacq. (fig. 37), is a specimen in which 
the umbilicus is not entirely filled by callus; JN. ciirina, 
Phil. (fig. 41), appears to be a similar form. 
Var. STRAMINEA, Recluz. Fig. 40. 

Color straw-yellow, varying to yellowish white. 

N. PowistanA, Recluz. Pl. 15, fig. 42; Pl. 19, fig. 92; Pl. 20, 
figs. 99, 100. 


Openly obliquely umbilicated, columellar lip with a heavy 
white callus overhanging a central broad entering funiculum ; 
whitish or yellowish white, usually overlaid on the body-whorl, 


SF 


NATICA. 43 


except near the suture and at the base with orange-brown, the 
latter sometimes evanescent in places, or obscurely banded. 
Length, 1-°75—2°25 inches. 
China, Moluccas. 
N. Cumingiana, Recluz (fig. 99),and ? N. pallium, Recluz, and 
N. Draparnaudi, Recluz (fig. 100), are synonyms. WN. effusa, 
Swains. (fig. 92), is probably a pale-colored variety. 


N. RAVIDA, Souleyet. Pl. 15, fig. 38. 

Deeply perspectively umbilicated, globose, very solid, body- 
whorl slightly obliquely flattened above; white, covered with 
a thin, rough, horny yellowish epidermis, columellar callus very 
strong, white. Length, 28 mill. 

Payta, Peru (Souleyet); St. Hlena, W. Columbia (Cuming). 


N. oRIENTALIS, Gmelin. PI. 20, figs. 1, 2. 

Widely globose, plicate at the deep suture; umbilicus broad, 
with a white central entering callus, aperture produced below; 
orange-brown, varying to yellowish white. 

Length, 1°5-1°75 inches. 

Singapore. 

It is NV. eburnea, Desh., N. subfulva, Chemn. 


N. MAMILtEARIS, Lam. PI. 18, fig. 74. 


Conic ovate, deeply umbilicated, with a broad entering callus, 
flesh-brown or orange-brown, base and columellar callus white. 

Length, 2 inches. 

West Indies, Caribbean coasts of Central and Souti 
America, Bahia, Brazil. 

Itis N. brunnea, Linck,and N. Bahiensis, Recluz. N. palliwm 
of the latter author (p. 42), which I have made a doubtful syno- 
nym of N. Powisiana, may belong here; it closely resembles 
the present species, but the locality differs widely. 


N. otis, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 17, figs. 72, 70, 71; PI. 19, fig. 91; 
PLZ; fig. 2. 

Conic ovate, yellowish white or light mouse-color, with a yel- 
lowish or orange band at the suture; umbilicus open, chestnut- 
brown, together with the central entering callus; interior of 
aperture chestnut-color. Length, 1—-1-°75 inches. 

Gallapagos Is. to Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal. 


44 NATICA. 


N. Gallapagosa (fig. 71); N. perspicua (fig. 91); N. Salango- 
ensis (fig. 70) of Recluz, and Var. fusca, Carpenter (fig. 2), are 
synonyms. 


N. BIFASCIATA, Gray. Pl. 18, fig. 75. 


Light fawn-brown, white next the suture and around the um- 
bilicus, with two narrow white bands; umbilicus narrow, chestnut- 
brown, partly covered above with the brown-tinged columellar 
callus; interior light flesh- or chocolate- brown, showing the bands. 

Length, 1°25-1-75 inches. 

Acapulco, Guaymas, Cape St. Lucas, L. Calif. 


N. surrusa, Reeve. Pl. 19, fic. 87. 


Conic ovate, solid, smooth, transparent white, here and there 
opaque, tinged with violet towards the apex ; columellar callosity 
violet, nearly covering the umbilicus. Length, 12 mill. 

New Ireland. 

Is probably a variety only of N. mamilla; but I have not 
seen the species. 


N. conroA, Lam. Pl. 18, figs..76, 7. 


Elongated conical-ovate, a little compressed and whitish or 
orange-tinted at the suture; balance of shell fulvous ash-color, 
fading to white at the base; columellar callus heavy, almost 
filling the umbilicus—which, with the callus, is more or less 
tinged with chestnut-color. Length, 1°25—-1-75 inches. 

So. Australia. 

N. ustulata, Sowb. (fig. 77) appears to be only a slight variety. 


N. PYRAMIS, Reeve. Pl. 17, fig. 68. 


Solid, conical ovate, whitish or yellowish-white; columellar 
callus thick, white, partly covering the narrow umbilicus. 
Length, 28 mill. 
Australia. 
I think this will prove to be an uncolored form of the pre- 
ceding species. 


N. pLruMBEA, Lam. PI. 18, figs. 78, 79; Pl. 19, fig. 88. 


Conically ovate, rather solid, growth striz ruguse at the suture ; 
leaden gray, lighter or orange-banded at the suture; umbilicus 


NATICA. 45 


moderate and, with the columellar callus tinted with orange- 
brown ; interior chestnut-colored. Length, 15-2 inches. 
Australia, New Zealand. 
The form is less conical, the color deeper, the umbilicus more 
open than in JN. conica. 
N. microstoma, Quoy (fig. 79), is probably a synonym, and JN. 
sordida, Swainson, certainly is. I figure a form called by Gray 
N. sordida, var. globosa (fig. 88). 


N. teucopumA, Reeve. PI. 18, figs. 82, 80. 


Differs from N. plumbea only in its more globose form, and more 
open umbilicus ; coloring similar. Length, 1:25 inches. 
Australia. 
Probably only a variety of N. plumbea. WN. Strangei, Reeve 
(fig. 80), appears to be identical. 


N. MELASTOMA, Swainson. PI. 18, fig. 81; Pl. 19, fig. 90; Pl. 21, 
fig. 8. 

Obliquely ovate, slightly concave at the suture; olivaceous, 
with a whitish sutural space bearing an indistinct darker band ; 
umbilicus widely excavated, and filled up with a heavy chestnut- 
colored callus; interior chocolate brown. Length, 1:25 inches. 

Australia. 

Partakes of the characters of Neverita, and appears to be 
somewhat closely related to \V. Incet, Reeve, belonging to that 
group. N. sanguinolenta, Desh. (fig. 8), is a synonym. 


N. Dunxert, Phil. Pl. 21, fig. 7. 

Rather solid, smooth, yellowish gray, light-banded at the 
suture, and with indistinct darker bands on the last whorl; 
umbilical region defined by an angle, umbilicus completely filled 
by the white columellar callus. Length, 17 mill. 

Habitat unknown. 

This species is placed here because Philippi compares it with 
NV. melastoma ; { cannot see any resemblance between the two. 
N. Dunkeri has not been recognized by subsequent authors. 


N. souipa, Blainv. Pl. 20, fig. 98. 


Thick, smooth, fulvous or chestnut-brown, with a rather broad 
lighter band at the suture, and another below the periphery ; 


46 NATICA. 


columellar callus chocolate-colored, broadly reflected, nearly 
covering the similarly colored narrow umbilicus. 
Length, 30 mill. 
Singapore, Philippines. 
The synonyms are N. lupinus, Desh.; N. melanostoma, var. of 
Gmelin, and N. cznnamomea, Menke. 


N.INTEMERATA, Phil. Pl. 18, fig. 83; Pl. 19, fig. 93. 
White, deeply umbilicated with a central obtuse entering 


callus. Length, 1°5 inches. 
Mazatlan. 


N. alabaster, Reeve (fig. 93),is identical. Carpenter thinks it 
a variety of N. wher, Val.; this is not unlikely, but if so, it estab- 
lishes a range of variation in form, umbilicus and callus, which 
may reduce the white Mammas to a single species. 


N. canpipissima, Le Guillou. Pl. 16, fig. 49; Pl. 19, fig. 95. 
Globosely neritoid, very solid, whorls polished, ivory-white ; 
eallus broad, slightly entering the rather wide umbilicus. 


Length, 33 mill. 
Moluccas, North Australia. 


Is N. Jukesit, Reeve (fig. 95) = N. candidissima, Kecluz. 


N. PHYTELEPHAS, Reeve. Pl. 19, fig. 97. 

Globosely ovate, with sharp spire and linear suture; white, 
under a very thin horny white epidermis showing indistinct 
revolving lines; umbilicus compressed, with a slight central 
entering callus, the columellar callus above often obsoletely 
divided by spiral depressions. Length, 1°25 inches. 

Australia. 

Perhaps not distinct from NV. candidissima. 

N. UNIMACULATA, Reeve. PI. 19, fig. 96. 

Pyriform ovate, compressly umbilicated ; white, under a very 
thin horny white epidermis; columellar callus white, with a 
central projection .entering the umbilicus, and chestnut-spotted 
on the face. Length, 1-25-1°5 inches. 

Panama, Mazatlan. 
N. zoonoaica, Jousseaume. PI. 20, fig. 3. 

Somewhat inflated, solid, white ; angulated around the widely 
open umbilicus ; columellar callus rather narrow, chestnut-tinged 
below. Length, 57 mill. 

Hab. unknown. 


NATICA. 47 


Related by its coloring with the preceding species, from which 
it differs in form and in its much wider umbilicus. 


Recasra.,Phil, Plo 17, fig. 63. 


Whorls obliquely flattened above, angulated around the rather 
wide umbilicus; columellar callus moderate, entering the um- 
bilicus ; white. Length, 1:5 inches. 

Hab. unknown. 

Distinguished from the other species of the group by the wide 
umbilicus and sloping form of the body-whorl. 


N. ALBUMEN, Linn. PI. 20, fig. 5. 
Obliquely depressed, orange-brown; umbilicus very wide, 
bordered by an angle, white, with a strong central entering 


callus. Length, 1-5-2 inches. 
Singapore, Moluccas, Philippines. 


N. cotumnaris, Recluz. PI. 20, fig, 4. 


Widely globose, pure white, polished, base strongly angulated 
around the very large umbilicus, which bears a slight spiral 
ridge and is more or less filled by a strong, broad central enter- 


ing callus. Length, 1-5-2 inches. 
Philippines, Mauritius. 


It is N. pes-elephantis, Chemn., and probably N. funiculata, 
Recl. 


MaDoBIA, Recluz. Pl. 16, fiz. 50; Pl. 17, fiz.67; Pl.18, fig. 73; 
Bi 19, fis. 94. 

Thick, with small spire and but slightly marked suture; white 
under a slight yellowish white epidermis; umbilicus narrow, 
bounded by an almost cord-like angle, in the adult nearly filled 
by an entering callus, at, which place the columellar lip often is 
cut into one or two mamillary callous deposits. 

Length, 1:25-1°75 inches. 

Chili, Peru. 

N. Atacamensis, Phil. (fig. 94), N. amiculata, Phil. (fig. 73), 


and NV. rapulum, Reeve (fig. 67), are synonyms. 


N. cora,d’Orb. Pl. 19, fig. 86; Pl. 16, fig. 58; Pl. 19, fig. 84. 


Shell thick, conical ovate, body-whorl obliquely flattened 
above; umbilicus narrow and deep, bounded by a ridge, partly 


48 NATICA. 


contracted by the broad, thick callus; white, under a thin 
yellowish white epidermis. Length, 18 mill. 
W. Coast of South America. 
A species of no marked character; perhaps not distinct from 
N. uber, Val. WN. elongata, Troschel (fig. 84) appears to be 
identical. 


NS vem, Val: “PL 17, figs: 61206. 


Shell white, polished, under an extremely deciduous thin 
epidermis, columella densely enameled, usually covering the 
upper part of the narrow, deep umbilicus. Length, 1-1°5 inches. 

Peru, Panama, Mazatlan. 

Carpenter wrote of this shell: ‘‘The extreme forms of this 
species are so dissimilar as to have warranted their separation. 
An examination of some hundreds of specimens, however, 
shows that there is no consistency in the types. The shell is 
either thin or heavy ; subglobular or very transverse; with the 
umbilicus quite open, or reduced by the callosity to a mere 
chink; the callus varying greatly in shape and intensity. The 
callosity projects considerably beyond the aperture, leaving a 
sutural groove. Umbilicus more or less slightly spiral.” 

Carpenter includes NV. uberina of Adams’ Genera, N. ovum, 
Menke, and N. rapulum, Reeve; also, somewhat doubtfully, N. 
alabaster, Reeve—which I have described separately. To this 
list is to be added UN. virginea, Recluz (fig. 66), and possibly 
several of the species from western South America—dubia, 
Recluz, cora, d’Orb., ete. Finally, I can distinguish forms of 
N. uber from the Polynesian and East Indian WN. mamilla in no 
way except by habitat. 


N. PanaMENsIS, Recluz. PI. 17, fig. 60. 


Compressed on the sides into a quadrangularly ovate form ; 
white, under a deciduous horn-colored epidermis; umbilicus 
narrow, nearly filled by the columellar callus. 


Length, 1:5-2 inches. 
Panama. 


The peculiar form described above appears to be characteristic 
of the species. 


oe 


NATICA. 49 


N. LacTEA, Guilding. Pl. 16, figs. 54-57, 59, 52; Pl. 15, fig. 45; 
Pl Li, fie. 62< Pl. 19, fig. 85. 

Ovate, body-whorl a little slopingly flattened above, white, 
usually clothed with a thin yellowish epidermis; umbilicus 
moderate, partly filled with an entering callus which is often 
indistinguishably joined to the callus above. Length, 1 inch. 

West Indies, Canary Islands, Brazil, Cape Horn. 

The form appears to be moderately constant, and the epidermis 
is more persistent than in the other species; otherwise than in 
the latter particular it is undistinguishable from N. uber, of the 
Pacific Coast of N. America. 

The synonymy includes N. Caribea, Phil. (fig. 56); N. nitida, 
Donovan; WN. uberina, d’Orb. (fig. 57); N. Pfeifferi, Phil. (fig. 
45) — N. pes-elephantis, Pfr., not Chemn.; N. porcellana, d’Orb. 
(fig. 55), from the Canary Islands; N. puella, Phil. (fig. 85), an 
elongated variety, very like the N. cora, of West Coast of So. 
America; N. puerilis, Gould (fig. 59), from the same region as 
N. porcellana and N. Philippiana, Nyst (fig. 62) — N. acuta, 
Phil., preoccupied. 


Var. ocurostoma, Recluz. Fig. 52. 


Aperture and columellar callus light ochraceous. 


Ne MAMILLA, Linn. Pl. 16, figs. 46,48; Pl. 15, fig. 43; PI. 11, 
figs. 65, 69. 

Conically ovate, smooth, white, shining, body-whorl slopingly 
flattened above ; columellar callus very thick, entirely covering 
the umbilicus. Length, 1°5—2°5 inches. 

East Indies, Philippines, N. Caledonia, 
Central Polynesia, ete. 

The synonymy includes JN. pyriformis (fig. 48) and JN. inter- 
media, of Recluz; XV. virginea (fig. 69), and N. vestalis (fig. 43) 
of Philippi, and J. alveata, Troschel (fig. 65), said to have been 
collected on the Peruvian coast. 


N. ALBULA, Recluz. PI. 16, fig. 47. 

Depressly globose, subventricose, whorls somewhat squarely 
convex, polished, obsoletely grooved-striated, white ; columella 
densely callous, filling the umbilicus. Length, 2 inches. 

Philippines. 

Perhaps only a variety of N. mamilla, Linn. 

4 


50 NATICA. 


N. FLemineiana, Recluz. Pl. 16, figs. 51,53; Pl. 15, fig. 44. 
Conically ovate, white, with a dense callosity almost covering 
the umbilicus. Length, 1-1°5 inches. 
China, Philippines, Australia, Viti Islands, ete. 
Only distinguished from N. mamilla by its umbilicus, and 
probably a form of that species. N. Vavaosi, Le Guillou (fig. 
44), and N. galactites, Phil. (fig. 53), are synonyms. 


N. GLABELLA, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 10, 11. 


Narrowly deeply umbilicated, subfusiformly oblong, rather 
solid; columella with a broadly reflected callosity above; trans- 
parent white, flesh-tinged, callosity flesh-colored. Length, 13 mill. 

Hab. unknown. 

Reeve figures this as a reversed species, but does not so describe 

it; Sowerby’s figure is dextral. 


Section MAmiLia, Schum., 1817. 


N. MELANostToMA, Gmel. PI. 21, figs. 13-18; Pl. 22, fig. 21. 


Smooth, polished, with obsolete engraved spiral lines; flesh- 
white, obscurely banded with light flesh-brown, columella and 
umbilicus chocolate-colored. Length, 1°5—-2 inches. 

East Indies, Philippines, Western Polynesia, 
Mauritius, Madagascar. 

The above diagnosis will define the species in a restricted 
sense; the variations of form and coloring are numerous, and it 
would be easy to include most of the other species as varieties 
at the most. 

N. opaca, Recluz is a synonym. 


Var. ZANZEBARICA, Recluz. Fig. 15. 

Shell a little more quadrangular in shape than the type, the 
strize more strongly impressed, the brown bands broken up into 
series of irregular longitudinal markings. 

Var. MELANOSTOMOIDES, Quoy. Figs. 16, 21. 

Founded on thin, young specimens, with the bands broken up 
into chestnut spots, frequently becoming obsolete. Washed-out 
specimens of this form are N. Sebx, Souleyet (fig. 16). Very 
probably the unfigured N. bicincta, Recluz, is also an example of 
this variety. 


d1 


Var. FIBROSA, Souleyet. Fig. 17. 


The spiral bands distinct. 


Var. SUCCINEOIDES, Reeve. Fig. 18. 


Shell white, without markings, columella and umbilicus 
chocolate-colored. 


N. Srur#, Desh. PI. 21, figs. 19, 20. 


Flesh-white, marbled with fawn-colored or light olivaceous 
rather obscure markings, with three or four revolving series of 
short irregular chestnut streaks and spots; umbilicus and colu- 
mella chocolate-colored. Length, 1-2 inches. 

Philippines, New Zealand, Viti Islands. 

Embraces N. simioides, Recluz, of Reeve, and probably JN. 
Samarensis, Recluz—both of them unfigured. NN. Bernardii, 
Recluz (fig. 20), appears to be a slight color-variety. Its habitat 
is ‘? Gulf of Mexico,” doubtless an error. 


N. rinosa, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 22. 


Shell decussated by rather rugose growth-lines, and very close 
fine waved revolving striz ; whitish, obscurely wide-banded with 
faded chestnut, columella and umbilicus chocolate-colored. 

Length, 1°5 inches. Australia. 


Very like N. melanostoma in form and coloring, but has not 
the polished surface of the latter species, and is immediately 
recognized by the very close thread-like revolving striz. 


N. Priamus, Recluz. Pl. 22, fig. 23. 


Thin, inflated, polished, pale chestnut- or fawn-color, with two 
spiral series of small chestnut spots; callus thin, but filling the 
umbilicus, chocolate-colored. Length, 1°5 inches. 

Moluccas. 
N. maura, Brug. Pl. 22, fig. 24. 

Polished, chestnut- to chocolate-colored, obliquely strigate with 
darker color; columella and umbilicus chocolate-colored ; aper- 
ture brownish white. Length, 1°5—2 inches. 

Philippines. 
E. MAckostToMA, Phil. PI. 22, fig. 25. 

Globosely swollen, polished; white, here and there strigate 
with chestnut, and with two bands of chestnut spots and streaks. 

Length, 1°5 inches. Habitat unknown. 


52 NATIGCA. 


N. UMBILICATA, Quoy. PI. 22, fig. 26. 


Shell thin, inflated, largely, obliquely, excavately umbilicated, 
obscurely decussately striated ; subtransparent white with zigzag 
Jongitudinal light chestnut markings, often interrupted to make 
spiral series. Length, -75 inch. 


So. Australia. 
N. globosa, Tenison-Woods is a synonym. 


N. MACROTREMA, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 27. 


Smooth, thin, very largely excavately umbilicated; greenish 
white. Length, 1 inch. 
Borneo. 
Perhaps a faded condition of the preceding species. 


Subgenus AmpuLiina, Lam., Defrance, 1821. 
N. rLucTuATA, Sowb. Pl. 22, fig. 28. 


Obliquely globose, rather thin, polished ; light fawn-color, 
obscurely darker banded, overlaid with zigzag white streaks ; 
columella white, densely callous, bordered with chestnut, com- 
pletely overlaying the umbilicus; interior whitish, interruptedly 
banded with light chestnut. Length, 2—-2°5 inches. 

Philippines. 

It is NV. imperforata, Jay. 


Subgenus AMAuRA, Moller, 1842. 


N. canpipA, Moller. Pl. 22, fig. 29. 


Thin, imperforate, bulimiform, with considerably elevated 
spire; white, under a thin epidermis. Length, 12 mill. 
Greenland. 
Section Acrypra, H. & A. Adams, 1853. 


N. FLAVA, Gould. PI. 22, fig. 30. 


Shell thin, subglobose; aperture large, columella sinuous, a 
little dilated above, umbilicus none; white, under a thin straw- 
colored epidermis. Length, 1 inch. 

Maine, Newfoundland, northwards ; 
Finmark, Nova Zembla. 

N. aperta, Lovén, and N, Smithii, Brown, are identical. 


NATICA. 53 


Section AmAuropsis, Morch, 1857. 


N. HELICOIDES, Johnson. PI. 22, fig. 31. 


Thin, with channeled suture ; umbilicus a narrow line; chalky 
white, covered with a light yellowish brown epidermis. 
Length, 1-15 inches. 
Newfoundland, Arctic Ocean, Norway, Siberia. 
It is N. canaliculata, Gould, N. fragilis, Leach, N. cornea, 
Moller, and perhaps N. Islandica, Gmelin. 


N. purpurgA, Dall. Pl. 22, fig. 32. 


Suture channeled, umbilicus a mere chink or closed, inner lip 
with a thin callus ; whorls 4, inflated, with fine revolving grooves ; 
purplish brown, under a yellowish epidermis. Length, 1 inch. 

Alaska. 

Differs from the preceding species in sculpture and color, and 

is usually more globose. 


N. eropuus, Angas. PI. 22, fig. 33. 


Rimate, rather thin, shining; orange horn-color, much paler 
on the last whorl towards the aperture; two narrow concentric 
raised keels on the subapical whorl; nearly smooth, a few 
microscopical spiral strie here and there crossing the growth- 
lines; columella slightly thickened and expanded over the um- 
bilicus, Length, 5 mill. 

Holdfast Bay, So. Australia. 

The pertinence of this species to Amauropsis is very ques- 
tionable. 

Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Ad., 1867. 


The species, three in number, are unfigured: N. Japonica, 


N. glabrata and N. semistriata, A. Ad. 
Japan. 


Unfigured and Undetermined Species. 


N. russa (Arctic Ocean) and N. sEvERA (Japan), of Gould. 

N. Puirrpernensis (Philippines), N. atrypa (W. of Cape York, 
S. W. of Papua), N. pseustes (fii Islands), N. SUTURALIS 
(Kerguelen Isl.), N. RADIATA (Bermuda), N. AMPHIALA (1. N. 
LE. from N. Zealand), N. ueptauna ( West Indies). N. XANTHA 


RUMELLA. 


(near Kerguelen Isl.), N. pRASINA (Kerguelen Isl.), N. FAR- 
TILIS (Kerguelen Isl.), N. apora (Off Arru Islands), N. AM- 
PHIALA (= N. virrEeA, Hutton, N. Zealand), all of Watson. 


. AUSTRALIS and N. virreA, Hutton. New Zealand. 
. PARVULA, Tapparone-Canefri. Papua. 
. NUCAHIVENSIS, Jardin. Marquesas. 
. GRISEA, N. scULPTA and N. PERscALPTA, Martens. 
; Kerguelen’s Isl. 
Mavaparica (Malabar), N. Tournerorti (Seychelles), N. 
PUNCTICULATA and N. ALEXANDKI (Hab.?), of Recluz. 

. UNDATA and N. puTAMEN, Meuschen (Adams’ Genera). 
. ALBA, Potiez et Mich. Hab. ? 
. STRIATA, Anton. Hab. ? 
FRINGILLA, Dall. West Indies. 
. APERTA, Sowb. Hab. ? 
. PARVULA (Borneo), and N. SAnpALINA (Sandalwood Bay), of 


Le Guillou. 


. AFFINIS, Gmelin. Northern Seas. 
. QUADRIFASCIATA, Gray. Hab. ? 
. RHODOCHEILA (New Caledonia), and N. Mércut (Australia) of 


Ads. and Reeve. 


. OBTURATA, Phil. Magellan’s Strait. 
. SEMIPELLUCIDA, N. FABA, N. Carrra, N. opiiquata, Marrat. 


W. Coast of Africa. 


. SERTATA and N. sacitraTa, Menke. Australia. 
. NANA, N. G@LoBosa, N. TasMAnica, Tenison-Woods. Zasmania. 
. BeppoMeE!, Johnston (N. potira, Tenison-Woods in part). 


Tasmania. 


. SUBCOSTATA, Tenison-W oods. Australia. 


Genus RUMELLA, Bourguignat, 1885. 


According to Bourguignat, the Naticidze are added to the 


remarkable assemblage of marine forms inhabiting Lake Tanga- 
nika in Central Africa. No figures of the shells have been 
published, nor are the animal and operculum known. Two 
species have been described — 


R. 


GirAupDI and R. Minne-EpwarpstAna, Bourg. L. Tanganika. 


EEE eee 


—_—_— 


SIGARETUS. 55 


Genus SIGARETUS, Lam., 1799. 
Typical Species. 


S. concavus, Lamarck. PI. 23, figs. 36,37; Pl. 22, fig. 34. 

Fawn-colored, with thin white columellar callus reflécted over 
the umbilicus ; interior chestnut-brown. Diam. 1°5-2 inches. 

Peru, Chili. San Pedro, California. 

I have before me a specimen collected living at the latter 
locality by Mrs. A. E. Bush. The synonyms are S. maximus, 
Phil.; S. cymba, Menke; S. Grayi, Desh; S. neritoides, Recluz, 
non Linn.; ?S. latifasciatus, Reeve, not Ads. and Reeve; S. 
haliotoideus, Reeve, not Linn (fig. 34). According to Dunker, 
this species occurs also on the West Coast of Africa. 


S. NERITOIDEUS, Linn. PI. 22, figs. 35, 38-40. 
Less globose than the preceding species, and showing less of 


the body-whorl below. Diam. 1:25-1°75 inches. 
East Indies. 


S. latifasciatus, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 38); S. Javanicus, Gray 
(fig. 39); S. insculptus, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 40), and S. Leachii, 
Phil., are synonyms. 

S. Japonicus, Lischke. PI. 23, figs. 44-46. 
Convex, spire somewhat prominent, solid, with slight spiral 


strie, scarcely undulated, the interstices alternating broader 


and narrower, whitish. Diam. 21 mill. 
Japan. 


Differs a little in form from the preceding species, of which it 
may be only a variety, or even a synonym. 


S. tavicatus, Lam. PI. 24, figs. 47-51. 


Convex, thin, translucent white, sometimes obsoletely fasciate 
with chestnut, very finely undulately striate, almost smooth. 


Diam. 1-5 inches. 
Indian Ocean, Java, Australia. 


The synonyms are S. Australis, Hanley (fig. 50), S. zonalis, 
Quoy (fig. 57). 
S. Cuvrerranus, Recluz. PI. 24, figs. 55, 56. 
Depressed ovate, spire small, rather prominent, spirally corded 
throughout; white, spire flesh-colored. Diam. 28 mill. 
Philippines. 


56 SIGARETUS. 


S. eEximius, Reeve. PI. 24, figs. 52-54. 


Convex, thin, oblique, opaque white, whorls densely spirally 
corded. Diam. 15-20 mill. 
Malacca, Australia. 
S. argenteus, Reeve (fig. 54), from Australia, appears to be 
identical. 


S. Marrinianus, Phil. Pl. 23, figs. 41-43. 


Convexly curved, rather solid, whorls slightly concavely 
impressed round the suture, spirally wave-striated, growth-lines 
somewhat rugose; chestnut-brown, varying in intensity and some- 
times obsoletely banded, under a thin yellowish brown epidermis, 
becoming whitish on the base, interior chestnut-tinted. 

Diam. 1:5 inches. 

West Indies. 

This is S. zonatus, d’Orb., S. maculatus, S. Petiti, S. Listeri, 
and very probably S. unifasciatus (fig. 43), of Recluz. ’ 


S. MACULATUS, Say. PI. 24, figs. 57, 58. 


Globosely depressed, finely spirally striated ; yellowish white, 
yellowish chestnut at the suture, and bearing on the body-whorl 
two spiral series of spots or maculations. Diam. 1-25 inches. 

Florida. 

In the young shell, as described and figured by Say (fig. 58) 
the maculations are more distinct and regular than in the adult. 
The species is still a rare one in collections; it may eventually 
prove to be only a variety of the preceding one. 


S. BIFASCIATUS, Recluz PI. 24, figs. 59, 60. 

Flatly depressed, finely undulately waved-striated ; whitish 
under a yellowish epidermis, with two interrupted bands or series 
of maculations of chestnut-brown color. Diam., 17:5 mill. 

Guinea, W. Africa. 

S. Menkeanus, Dunker, is a synonym. Distinguished at once 

from the foregoing species by its dorsal flattening. 


S. sinuatus, Recluz. Pl. 24, figs. 62, 63. 


Auriform, convex, thin, pellucid, white, undulately striate. 
Diam., 29 mill. Red Sea. 


SIGARETUS. 5T 


\ S. persprctivus, Say. Pl. 24, figs. 61, 64. 

More or less flatly convex, white under a light yellowish epi- 
dermis, dorsally covered with slightly waved spiral striz, base 
flattened. Diam., 1:5 inches. 

New Jersey (rare), North Carolina to West Indies. 
Say has compared his species with S. Leachii, Blainv., and 
several authors have identified it with that species; but the latter 
is really indeterminable, and has accordingly been variously 
interpreted. The synonymy easily includes the following: S. 
depressus, Phil.,a West Indian species; S. Antillarum, Recluz, 
perhaps S. halioitoideus of Lamarck and some other authors (not 
Linneus), and Cryptostoma Carolinum of Cuvier. The prob- 
lematical S. Leachii, Blainv., may possibly be here referred. 


S. DEBILIS, Gould. Pl. 24, fig. 65. 


Flatly convex, spirally striate above, smooth below, a little 
depressed round the suture; white, more or less stained with 
rusty yellow. Diam., 28 mill. 

Lower California. 

I cannot detect any difference in the shell between this species 
and S. perspectivus. 


S. paiyippit, Weinkauff. PI. 24, figs. 66-68. 


Shell small, white, spirally slightly undulately striate. 
Diam., 18 mill. 
| Mediterranean. 

This is S. haliotoideus, Philippi, not Linneus, and bears several 
additional names in its fossil condition, if these fossil forms 
really are the same species. Some authors have identified the 
Linnean S. haliotoideus as this species, but it is indeterminable. 
It would be difficult to point out any good distinctive characters 
between this and the preceding and following species. 


S. incrsus, Reeve. Pl. 24, fig. 69; Pl. 25, figs. 70-72. 


Dorsally flatly depressed, strongly spirally striated, strize 
slightly undulated ; white. Diam., 1-1°5 inches. 

Straits of Malacca, Japan. 

Differs from S. perspectivus in locality only ; a comparison of 

the characters of the voluminous soft-parts of these animals will 

be necessary in order to definitely decide upon the validity of 


58 SIGARETUS. 


the species. S. undulatus, Lischke (figs. 70-72) appears to me 
to be very similar. 


S. DELEssERTI, Recluz. PI. 25, figs. 73, 74. 


Plano-convex, thin, pellucid, yellowish chestnut, somewhat 
zoned, interior chestnut-colored. Diam., 32 mill. 
Philippines. 
Dr. Weinkauff refers to this species a shell with a well-defined 
chestnut-band (fig. 74); he thinks it scarcely distinguishable from 
S. levigatus, Lam. 


S. PLANULATUS, Recluz. PI. 25, figs. 75-17. 


Much flattened on the dorsal side, white, under a very thin 
yellowish epidermis, smooth, or with obsolete or very slight 
spiral striz. Diam., 1-25-15 inches. 

Zanzibar, Philippines, Australia. 

Distinguished by its smooth flattened surface. It is S. planus, 
Phil., S. Gualterianus, Recluz, S. lacteus, Recluz (fig. 77), S. 
Indica, Gray. 


Section Eunaricina, Fischer, 1885. 


S. PAPILLA, Gmelin. Pl. 25, figs. 78, 79, 87, 88. 

Whitish, under a yellowish epidermis, moderately umbilicated, 
spirally engraved. Length, 33 mill. 

Tranquebar, Moluccas, Japan, Philippines. 

It is S. costulatus, Quoy and Gaimard, S. acuminatus, Ad. and 
Reeve. The following appear to me to be only varieties: S. 
coarctatus, Reeve (fig. 79), S. nitidus, Reeve (fig. 87), S. acumin- 
atus, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 88). 


S. TUMESCENS, Reeve. PI. 25, fig. 82. 


Rather thin, ventricose, body-whorl not slopingly flattened. 


Length, 1 inch. 
Hab. unknown. 


Probably only a variety of the preceding species. 


S. optonaus, Reeve. Pl. 25, fig. 83. 
Resembles S. papilla in form, but the sculpture instead of 
incised linear grooves, consists of numerous raised threads. 


Length, 30 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 
Very doubtfully distinct from S. papilla. 


SIGARETUS. 59 


S. peLLuctpuS, Reeve. PI. 25, fig. 84. 


Rather solid, deeply umbilicated, transparent white, spirally 
linearly incised, grooves stronger next the suture. 


Length, 12 mill. 
Malacca. 
S. MAMILLARIS, Linn. PI. 25, figs. 85, 86. 


Umbilicated, rather thick, white, spirally remotely sulcate, 
suture channeled. Length, 1 inch. 
Seychelles, Madagascar ? 
S. LINNEANUS, Recluz. Pl. 25, figs. 89, 90. 


Umbilicated, thin, white, narrowly regularly spirally grooved, 
pellucid. Length, 22 mill. 
Sunda Islands, Philippines. 
S. Lamarckianus, Recluz (fig. 90), and probably S. cancellatus, 
Swains. (not described), are synonyms. 


S. rrpuLA, Reeve. PI. 25, fig. 91. 


Rather solid, umbilicated, white, whorls slopingly flattened 
above, then gibbose, smooth, or obliquely minutely striate. 
Length, 14 mill. 
Singapore. 
Probably an immature shell, perhaps of mamillaris. 


S. pictus, Reeve. Pl. 25, fig. 92. 


Rather thin, deeply umbilicated, smooth, shining, white, with 
obscure revolving bands of short, longitudinal chestnut mark- 


ings. Length, 1 inch. 
Adelaide, So. Australia. 


Unfigured and Undetermined Species. 


S. Souversier, Folin. This is merely an embryonic shell, 3:5 
mill. diameter. It is useless to reproduce the figure. 

S. Carotinus, Dufo. Seychelles Is. 

8. HELICcoIDES, Guillou. Amboina. 

8. Austratis, Dunker. Australia. 

8. Lucius, Gould. North China. 

S. Fmuicatus, Mighels. Zanzibar, 


60 LAMELLARIA. 
Subfamily Il. Lamellariide. 
Genus LAMELLARIA, Montagu, 1815. 


The monographic and anatomical study of this group of shells, 
by Bergh (Mem. Acad. Copenhagen, v, ser. iii, 1853), may be 
consulted with advantage by the student. 


L. natens, Muller. PI. 26, figs. 93-95, 98. 


Shell thin, white, semipellucid, smooth, shining. 
Length, 12 mill. 
Norway, Great Britain. 

The animal has a depressed mantle, a little convex over the 
shell, rather smooth, sparsely spotted with brown, densely radiately 
striate below. Sigaretus Strémii, Sars, is a synonym, and I 
think that Z, tentaculata (Montagu), Forbes, and Hanley (fig. 
98), also belongs here, as well as ZL. stomatella, Iisso. 


L. peRsPIcuA, Linn. PI. 26, figs. 96, 97, 99. 


Shell haliotiform, polished, outer lip somewhat contracted 
above. Length, 16 mill. 
Hurope. 
Animal lemon-colored with oval clear specks or else tessellated 
with milk-white, or reddish brown with irregular yellow dots ; 
mantle with large tubercles, each surrounded by a border of flake- 
white, and having a small dark central speck. 


Var. LaTA. Fig. 99. 


Shell smaller, broader, more compressed, but not flattened nor 
contracted infront. This variety, says Dr. Jeffreys, may possibly 
equal the preceding species. 

The male and female differ somewhat, and have been separated 
as distinct species. The synonymy includes also L. ampullacea, 
Maravigna; L. haliotoidea, Miller, ete. (not Linn.); L. Morelli, 
Chiaje ; LZ. Kindelmaniana, Mich.; L. producta, Leach; L. com- 
planata, Leach; ZL. convera, Bouchard; L. Audouini, Cantr. ; 
L. zonifera, Bergh (fig. 99); L. neritoidea, L. Adansonii, and 
L. flava, Chiaje. 

For a description of the habits of this mollusk see ‘“‘ Structural 
and Systematic Conchology,” ii, 208. 


1 te ~ 


————aEEeE—————— eee eS 


LAMELLARIA. 61 


L. pEtLucIDA, Verrill. Pl. 26, fig. 100. 


Shell ovate, with oblique spire, delicate, transparent, smooth ; 
aperture broad, ovate, not showing the interior of the spire 
except from an endwise view. Length, 12-16 mill. 

Martha’s Vineyard, Mass.; off Delaware Bay, 86-208 fms. 

Animal yellowish brown, mottled with darker, broad elliptical, 
swollen, without tubercles on the back. 

Var. Goutpr, Verrill. 

Shell a little shorter, broader, with the spire lower, the apex 
less elevated, and suture less impressed ; last whorl more ventri- 
cose, and the outer lip and aperture more broadly rounded. 
Mantle shorter, broader and higher, with more or less numerous 
low verruce on the dorsal surface; pale yellow or yellowish 
white, more or less blotched or speckled with brown, flake-white 
and yellow. Prof. Verrill thinks that part of the differences in 
the soft parts arise from contraction in alcohol; some specimens 
are intermediate. © 
L. Tenvis, Jeffreys. Pl. 26, figs. 1, 2. 

Thin, fragile, semitransparent, glossy, white, microscopically 
spirally striate, base with a small but distinct umbilicus. 

Length, 2°5 mill. 

St. 16, Atlantic O. (Porcupine Expedition). 

This young shell is scarcely a Lamellaria; at least, I know of 
no other species having an umbilicus. 


L. anrarctica, Couthouy. PI. 26, figs. 3, 4. 


Shell not observed. Animal with back reticulated on an 
orange-brown surface, the reticulating lines bordered with white 
dots, and the intervals covered with larger ones of bright yellow; 
under side of mantle rose-color, narrowly margined with dark 
red ; foot lemon-color, paler towards the middle. 

Length, 1°6 inches. 

Orange Harbor, Patagonia. 
L. prmTENUIS, Couthouy. PI. 26, fig. 5. 

Back of animal greenish ochraceous, longitudinally wrinkled, 
with a short cinereous pubescence; under side of mantle and 
foot light brownish yellow. Length, 1:25 inches. 


Shell not observed. 
Orange Harbor, Patagonia. 


62 LAMELLARIA. 


L. Paraconica, Smith. Pl. 26, figs, 6-8. 

Shell large, very fragile, transparent hyaline, with a slight 
milky cloudiness, showing very fine growth-striz; whorls 35, 
suture deep. Diam.,1 inch. Mantle dirty yellow, with lines 
and blotches of light vandyke brown, the under surface around 


the foot marked with light-colored striz. 
Patagonia. 
Is possibly identical with L. Antarctica, Couth. 


Section CHELYNoTUS, Swains. 


L. TonGaNa, Quoy and Gaimard. Pl. 26, fig. 11; Pl. 27, figs. 
14-16, 18. 
Shell shining white, pellucid, margin brown. Length, 28 mill. 
Animal with a thick mantle, tuberculate, the tubercles large, 
subhexagonal, black, anteriorly produced and bifid ; foot narrow, 
brownish. Length, 85 mill. 
Tonga Tabou. 
This and several following species belong to a section charac- 
terized by the produced anterior portion of the mantle and 
narrower foot. Very probably L. Berghi is a synonym of the 
present species, or of the next one; Coriocella nigra of Blain- 
ville (fig. 16) is also perhaps identical, but cannot be made out 
with certainty. L. Cuvieri, Bergh (fig. 18), appears to be an 
individual contracted in alcohol. 


L. Mauritiana, Bergh. Pl. 27, fig. 17. 
Shell elevated, yellowish white, pellucid, smooth, with distinct 
incremental strie. Length, 1 inch. 
Mauritius. 
L. Bereut, Desh. PI. 26, figs. 9, 10. 
White, pellucid, striate; open below, showing the whorls. 


Length, 16 mill. 
Mauritius. 


In the specimens before me the margin of the aperture is 
narrowly tinted with brown. 


L. ISABELLINA, Bergh. PI. 26, fig. 19. 
Undescribed. The figure represents an oval, flat, white- 
margined species, the back light purplish with white spots. 


Length, 10 mill. 
? Philippines. 
Shell not figured. 


LAMELLARIA. 63 


L. gemMA, Bergh. Pl. 26, fig. 20. 


Undescribed. Violaceous, covered with small white specks, 
the middle of the back, and a few, mostly marginal, spots red- 
dish. Length, 21 mill. 

? Philippines. 

Shell not figured. 


L. Stearnstl, Dall. Pl. 26, figs. 12, 13. 


White, suborbicular, depressed, whorls three, columella sharp, 
thin, widely arcuated, showing the apex from below; spire 
hardly elevated, suture distinct ; aperture very effuse, rounded ; 
exterior marked by growth-lines, crossed by microscopic revolv- 
ing striz. Length, 6-5-8 mill. 

Monterey, Cal. 

Mr. Dall described a var. orbiculata, which proves to be only 
sexually distinct; the differences being such as mark the sexes 
in the British species. 

L. Dixcornsts, Dall. Pl. 26, figs. 21, 22. 

Malleate, polished, white, translucent, orbicular, with deep 

suture, volutions to apex visible from below. Length, 16 mill. 
S. Diego, Cal. 

Less calcareous, and more globosely elevated than the pre- 
ceding form, as well as larger, and malleated, with no trace of 
spiral striz. 

L. Sempert, Bergh. Pl. 26, fig. 23. 


Undescribed. From the figure it appears to be black, with 
strong warty reticulations on the back, and anterior, and pos- 
terior wrinkled processes on either side. Shell not figured. 

Length, 3 inches. 

a ? Philippines. 


Unfigured Species of Lamellaria. 


L. (CorI0cELLA) PUNCTATA, Stimpson. Japan. 
L. (CoRI0cELLA) TUBEROSA, Stimpson. China. 
L. sPIROLINEATA, Monterosato. Mediterranean Sea. 
L. Kiectacut, Brusina. Mediterranean Sea. 
L. Ranem, Bergh. West Indies. 
L. Inpica, Leach (L. Opntone, Gray). S. Australia, New Zealand. 
L. TRANSLUCIDA, Blainv. Hab. unknown. 


64 ONCIDIOPSIS. 


Subgenus Marsenina, Gray, 1850. 


L. RHomBICcA, Dall. Pl. 26, figs. 24, 25. 


Pure white, subrhomboidal, moderately elevated, whorls 3; 
columella thickened, stout, with a groove behind the callus; 
whorl appressed against and slightly flattened below the suture ; 
spire very small, not elevated; aperture subquadrate, outer lip 
very much produced above and below, suture deep; surface 


smooth. Length, 12 mill. 
Monterey, Cal. 


Animal bluish translucent, white, the mantle only partially 
covering the shell. Untigured. 


L. Guasra, Couthouy. PI. 26, figs. 26-28. 


Thin, pellucid, white, smooth and shining, whorls two, the first 
a mere nucleus, the aperture oval, very large. Length, 12 mill. 
New England to Greenland, Norway. 
It is L. haliotoidea, Gould, not Linn.; LZ. micromphala, Bergh, 
(figs. 27, 28). 
L. Gra@ntanpica, Moller. PI. 26, figs. 29, 30. 


Obliquely elevated, whorls 2, the last very large, whitish, 
shining. Length, 8 mill. 
Greenland, Norway. 
L. propita, Lovén. PI. 27, figs. 31, 32. 
More obliquely elevated than the preceding species, with 
deeper suture, but perhaps only a variety of it. 
Maine to Greenland. 
L. AMPLA, Verrill. Pl. 27, figs. 33, 34. 


Inflated, subglobular, the spire not elevated. 
Eastport, Maine. 


Genus ONCIDIOPSIS (Beck), Bergh, 1853. 


O. GLACIALIS, Sars. Pl. 26, figs. 35, 36. 


Shell thin, hyaline, slipper-shaped, flexible. Length, 16 mill. 
Animal with a long, narrow foot ; the mantle subverrucose, ash- 


colored, maculated with brown. 
Norway. 


CALEDONIELLA, VELUTINA. 65 


O. Grentanpica, Bergh. PI. 27, figs. 37, 38. 


Shell thin, flexible, subcorneous, with coarse irregular growth- 
lines. 
Animal with verrucose mantle, color not described. 


Greenland. 
Possibly — the foregoing species. 


O. caRnEA, Kroyer. PI. 27, fig. 39. 


Shell more elongated than in the preceding species, with a 
short wing-like production on the left side. 
Animal with high, rounded mantle, verrucose. 


Greenland. 
O. recondita, Kroyer, is the juvenile of this species. 


? Genus CALEDONIELLA, Souverbie, 1869. 


The animal has not been observed; it is therefore somewhat 
doubtful whether the genus really belongs in the Naticide. 


C. MonTRovzIERI, Souverb. Pl. 27, fig. 40. 


Imperforate, heliciform, depressed, thin, fragile, finely striate, 
the strie somewhat pliciform at the suture, translucent, white, 
under a very thin shining yellowish epidermis; whorls 3 to 34, 
suture narrowly channeled and margined ; extremities of the lip 
joined by a parietal callus. Diam., 7 mill. 

New Caledonia. 


Genus VELUTINA, Fleming, 1822. 
V. L2ZVIGATA, Pennant. PI. 27, figs. 41-44, 48, 59. 


Shell thin, translucent, whitish, or usually light pink, with 
numerous fine revolving striz crossing the minute growth-lines ; 
epidermis thin, transparent horn-color, somewhat tufted on the 
revolving strie ; whorls 34, suture deeply impressed. ~ 

Length, 16 mill. 

Northern United States to Greenland, Northern 
Europe, Kamtschatka. 

Often credited to Linneus, but his Helix levigata may be 
regarded as a lost species. It is Bulla velutina, Muller, V. halio- 
loidea, Fab.; V. capuloidea, Blainv.; V. striata, Macgill; V. rupv- 
cola, Conr.; V. Mulleri, Desh. (figs. 44, 48), the latter a large 

5 


66 VELUTINA. 


variety from Kamtschatka. V.solida, Martens (fig. 59), is founded 
on a large, pink specimen, denuded of epidermis. 

The animal is said to discharge a very copious, tenaceous 
clear white slime, which is frothy, and perhaps serves the 
Velutina for concealment. 


V. LANIGERA, Moller. PI. 28, figs. 51, 52. 


Very thin and fragile, smoothish, incremental striz slight ; 
epidermis yellowish brown, shortly, densely pubescent. 


Length, 13 mill. 
Greenland, Finmark. 


V. PROLONGATA, Cpr. 


Pink, under a smooth, thin, yellowish epidermis, the growth- 
lines crossed by very fine slight spiral impressed strive ; whorls 
34, the last very large, suture deeply impressed ; aperture long 
oval, junction of columellar and outer lip somewhat angulated. 


Length, 10 mill. 
Vancouver’s Isl. 


Unfigured. My specimen is in too imperfect a condition for 
illustration. 


Section Limneria, H. & A. Adams, 1883. 


V. zonaTA, Gould. PI. 28, figs. 53, 54. 


Thin, with sharp minute growth-striz ; whitish, with several 
faint chestnut-colored revolving zones, under a very thin 
smoothish epidermis; whorls less than three, spire minute, 
suture deeply impressed; columella flattened, with shallow 
channel behind. Length, 11 mill. 

New England, northwards ; 
Arctic Seas of both continents. 


An arctic specimen measuring 21 mill. has been called var. 
grandis by Mr. E. A. Smith. Sars has described a var. expansa 
(fig. 53). It is V. canaliculata, Beck. Sometimes the zones are 
absent. V. zonata has sometimes been placed erroneously in 
the pulmoniferous genus Otina, the shell of which, although 
much smaller, resembles it. 


0 Tyee 


VANIKORO. 67 


Section VELUTELLA, Gray, 1847. 


V. piicaTitis, Muller. Pl. 28, figs. 55-57. 


Nearly membranous, translucent, with obscure spiral strize and 
irregular growth-lines ; yellowish or yellowish brown; whorls 24, 
ventricose in fresh, but compressed (from collapse) in dried 
specimens, suture deep; epidermis tough, but readily separated 
into slight fibrous plaits. Length, ‘5 inch. 

The animal is bright orange color, sometimes speckled with 


yellow. 
Northern Europe, Greenland. 


Is Bulla flexilis, Montagu. V.coriacea, Pallas, may be only a 
large variety. 


V. coniacEA, Pallas. Pl. 27, figs. 49, 50. 


Membranaceous, corneous, subpellucid, rugosely striate ; 


whorls 24, the last very large, expanded. 
7 Kurile Islands. 
V. cryprosprra, Middendorff. Pl. 27, figs. 45-47. 


Shell narrower, more elongated than V. levigata, the columellar 
lip forming an angle with the outer lip below; coriaceous, or with 
a very slight calcareous deposit. Length, 10 mill. 

Ochotsk Sea, Alaska, ete. 


Undetermined and Unfigured Species. 


V. Bernarpi, Martens (PI. 28, fig. 58). Hab. unknown. 
V. pusio, A. Ad. é Straits of Corea. 
V. S1GARETIFORMIS, Potiez. (A young Natica ?) Australia. 
V. Srrxensis, A. Ad. Sitka. 
V. stYLirerRA, Fleming = Siylifer Turtoni. 
V. MARGARITACEA, Duclos. Australia. 


‘Subfamily ITI. Vanrxorina. 


Genus VANIKORO, Quoy and Gaimard, 1832. 


V. CANCELLATA, Lam. PI. 29, figs. 60, 61. 


Broadly patulate, rather thick, cancellated with oblique rather 
lamellar ribs and thin spiral ridges; epidermis yellowish brown. 


Diam. 1 inch. 
Isl. of Vanikoro, 


68 VANIKORO. 


V. Quoyi, Recluz, is a synonym. Many of the following 
“species ” are probably only slight and unstable modifications 
of this form. 


V. GUERINIANA, Recluz. PI. 29, fig. 62. 
Ribs stronger than in the preceding species, the spiral ridges 
seen in their interstices ; umbilicus much wider. Diam. 15 mill. 
Philippines. 
V.ruaatTa, A. Ad. PI. 29, fig. 63. 
Spire elevated, whorls rather strongly plaited, the deep inter- 
stices spirally ridged, umbilicus moderate. Diam. 10 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 
V. ciparis, Recluz. Pl. 29, fig. 64. 
Rather thin, clathrate with nearly equal longitudinal and spiral 
sculpture, umbilicus narrow, almost closed. Diam. 22 mill. 
Philippines. 
Ribs not so strong as in V. cancellata, spire somewhat more 
elevated. 


V. wieATA, Recluz. Pl. 29, figs. 65-72. 


Rather thin, longitudinal sculpture low oblique folds, becom- 
ing obsolete, spiral sculpture thread-like; umbilicus moderate. 
Diam. 1 inch. 
Philippines, Paumotus. 
A little more elevated than V. cidaris, with larger umbilicus. 
V. Petitiana (fig. 66), V. helicoides (fig. 68), and V. plicata, Recluz 
(fig. 67), appear to me to be very slight modifications of the 
type form, principally in the oblique riblets being somewhat 
more or less prominent; whilst in V. Deshayesiana (fig. 69), 
V. Blainvilliana (fig. 71), and V. Souleyetiana (fig. 70), of Re- 
cluz the growth sculpture is obsolete or faint. Of this form 
V. delicata, Pease (fig. 72), appears to me to be the young; it 
comes from the Paumotus. 


V. cLATHRATA, Recluz. PI. 29, figs. 73-77, 83. 
Rather thick, cancellating sculpture subequal, umbilicus mod- 


erate. Diam. 10 mill. 
Hab. Polynesia, Australia, I. Bourbon. 


Nothing but the smaller size appears to distinguish this from 
forms of the last species. N. granulosa, Recluz (fig. 74); V. 
semiplicata, Pease (fig. 75); V. Cumingiana, Recl. (fig. 76), and 


VANIKORO. 69 


V. disparilis, Desh. (fig. 83), are synonyms. WN. Sigaretiformis, 
Potiez, has been considered synonymous; it is really unrecog- 
nizable. I add as a synonym V. granifera, Pease (fig. 77), from 
Ins. Jarvis. The granular appearance of the original figure 
(copied by me) is an exaggeration, and does not agree with the 
types before me. 


V.sutcata,d’Orb. Pl. 29, figs. 78, 79. 


Revolving riblets most prominent, but rendered somewhat 
granular by the crossing of the growth sculpture; umbilicus 


moderate. Diam. 9 mill. 
West Indies. 


Only distinguished from forms of the last species by locality. 
I figure a very young shell, in which the spiral ribs are much 
more prominent than they remain in the later whorls. V. anomala, 
Adams (unfigured), is probably the same. 


Wesrerara, d’Orb. Pl. 29, figs. 80, $1. 


Rather thin, with fine spiral raised lines ; umbilicus moderate. 


Diam. 8 mill. 
Cuba. 
Probably only a variety of V. sulcata. 


V. lamellosa, d’Orb (fig. 81), is probably the young of this 
species, and V. oxychone and V. Vitrineformis, Mérch (un- 
figured), synonyms. 


V. rosEA, Recluz. Pl. 29, fig. 82. 


Cancellated, pink; umbilicus widely open. Diam. 5 mill. 
Is evidently a juvenile shell. 
Moluccas. 
V.ELATA, Sowb. Pl. 29, fig. 84. 
Elevated, thin, very finely decussated, umbilicus narrow. 
Diam. 9, alt. 10 mill. 
China Sea. 
V. acuta, Recluz. Pl. 29, figs. 85, 86. 

Thin, white, subpellucid, very delicately sculptured, the spiral 
lines the most prominent; spire acute, umbilicus wide, aperture 
somewhat obliquely produced. Diam. 7-10 mill. 

Lord Hood’s Is., Cape Natal, Moluccas. 

The above rather incongruous localities are given by Recluz ; 
Mérch adds West Indies in considering the species ‘a synonym 


70 VANIKORO. 


of V. lamellosa, d’Orb. I do not think it adult. V. imbricata, 
Pease (fig. 86), appears to be a younger state of the same species. 


N. Rectuzrana, Ad. and Angas. PI. 29, fig. 87. 


Elevated, acuminated, spire cancellated, last whorl almost 
smooth, umbilical channel moderate, long. 

Diam. 9, alt. 10°5 mill. 

N. So. Wales. 
V. sotipa, Sowb. Pl. 29, fig. 88. 

Solid, globose, upper whorls cancellated, rounded, last whorl 
finely spirally and concentrically striated, columella tortuous, 
umbilical channel long and narrow. Diam. 9, alt. 11 mill. 

Hab. unknown. 
V. semtsoLuta, Sowb. Pl. 29, fig. 89. 

Sculptured spirally with beaded ribs and concentrically with 

thin striz, canal elongated, rather broad. Diam. 6, alt. 10 mill. 
East Indies. 
The lips are so produced as scarcely to touch the body-whorl. 


V. Orpranyana, Recluz. PI. 29, figs. 90-92. 


Shell deeply and broadly cancellated with strong distant spiral 
ribs and concentric ridges; umbilicus narrow, deep. 


Diam. 4 mill. 
Habitat unknown. 


Is V. Quoyi, Adams, not Recluz, and V. Gaimardi, Adams 
(fig. 91), V. tricarinata, Recluz (fig. 92), and V. Cumingiana of 
Reeve and Sowerby, not Recluz. 


VY. pisTans, Recluz. Pl. 29, fig. 93. 


With distant longitudinal lamellz, and closer spiral striz in 
the interstices ; umbilicus broad, semilunar. Alt. 6 mill. 
Philippines. 
VY. FOVEOLATA, Montr. PI. 29, fig. 95. 
Strongly ribbed, crossed by thinner but prominent spiral 
sculpture; umbilicus very narrow. L. 5 mill., diam. 4 mill. 
New Caledonia. 
V. Cuviertana, Recluz. Pl. 29, fig. 94. 
Rather patulous, thin, very finely decussately sculptured, last 
whorl obliquely flattened, umbilicus broad. Diam. 10 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 


VANIKORO. 71 


Unfigured or Undetermined Species. 


V. TUBEROSISSIMA, Montagu. 
V. GLABRISSIMA, Brown — GLABERRINA, Recluz. 


The above two species erroneously introduced into the British 
catalogues are probably young West Indian shells, but indeter- 
minable ; the latter probably a Neritina. 


VY. Maurit1#, Recluz. A mere embryo. Mauritius. 
V. ovorpEA, Gould. = Isapis. 
V. MontrovuzieErt, Souverb. New Caledonia. 
VY. APERTA, Carp. (Diam. 7°5 mill.) Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal 


Appendix to Natica. 


The following species are described, but not figured, by Roche- 
brune, in Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris, 102-104, 1884-5. The last 
is from Cape Horn, the others from Sta. Cruz, Patagonia. 


N. Lesrount, N. Coureaunpt, N. omora, N. secunDA, N. PAYENI. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


NATICIDA. 


Abbreviata (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 100, £157, 


158, 


Acrybia, fre and eS Adams. “Gen. Rec. Moll.,i, 207, 1853, 8, 


Acuminata (Naticina)), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 
54, t. 13, f. 8. —S._ papilla, Gmelin. 
Acuminatus (Sigaretus), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 
p. 54, pl. xiii, f. 8. =—S. papilla, Gmelin, : 
Acuta (Vanikoro), Recluz. Rev. Zool. AT, 1844 ; Guerin’s 
Mag., 61, 1845, . : . 
Acuta (Natica), Phil. Arch. f. Nate., 1845, jG) 0) 65. 
vie say. Nyst. Bull. Ac. Roy. Bruxelles, xii, ae 
Oh op ie be 
Adansoni (Natica), Phil. Menke, “Zeitschr., 1848, 155, 
Adamsiana (Natica), Dkr. Mal. Blitter, vi, 231, 1860, 
Adansoni (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 83. 
— N. fanel, Adanson. 
Adansonii (Lamellaria), Chiaje. Mem., t. 47, f. 3, 4. 
= L. perspicua, Linn. ; 
Adspersa (Natica), Menke. Synops., 46. 
— N. maculata, Desh. : ; 
Affinis (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat. D. 3675, : : 31, 
Affinis (Natica), Phil. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soce., 1843, p. 111, 


. 


Abbild., 1, 13, i2.;3; | ——N. canrena: Linn. 

Aimei (Natica), Jousseaume. Bull. Soe. Zool., 181, 1884, t. 
A, f.10. = N: Chinensis, Liam: 

Alabaster (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Tes Be 
— N. intemerata, Phil. Reeve. Corrections, ; - 46, 


Ala-papilionis (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cab.,v, p. 257, tes. 
1868 to 1871, . 

Alba (Natica), ‘Lovén. ‘Rev. “Zool. Cu. Soc., 1843, p- ‘118. 
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. ; 

Alba (Natica), Potiez et Mich. Gall. des Moll., 1 ', p. 289, = 

Albula (Natica), Marshall. Ann. Mag. N.H. 1875, Xvi, 393. 
= Var. N. Montagui, Forbes, 

Albula (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ii, p. “194, 1851, 

(72) 


52 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Albumen (Natica), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1252,. 
Albumen (Natica), Scacchi. Cat., p. 1. 
= N. Josephine, Risso, . , 
Alderi (Natica), Forbes. Malacol. Monens., , p- 34, 
Alexandriz (Natica), Recluz. Sowb., Thes. Index, : 
Algida (Natica), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soc. N. Ee, iit, "73% 
1848. —N. Lewisii, Gould, . ‘ : : 
Alveata (Natica), Troschel. Arch. f. Natg., 1852, p. 159, 
t.'v,{.3. = N. mamilla, Linn. : ; : : 
Amaura, Moller. Index Moll. Greenl., 7, 1842, : ee. 
Amaurella, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, 8 
Amaurellina, Bayle. 1885, ; 2 : 
Amauropsis, Morch. Rink’s Greenland, 1857, ; ets 
Americana (Natica), Recluz. Sewb., Thes. Index. 
?— N. Alderi, Forbes. 
Amiculata (Mamma), Phil. Menke, Zeitschr., 1848, 155. 
= N. dubia, Recluz, . : : : : ‘ : L 
Amphiala (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 261, 1881. 
= N. vitrea, Hutton, Cat. Mar. Moll., 21, 1873, p 
Ampla (Neverita), Phil. Menke, Zeitschr., 1848, 156, 32, 
Ampla wana at Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. Ath 374, 
1880, . 
Amplostoma, Stoliczka. Pal. India, li, "319 , 1868, 
Ampullacea (Vitrina), Maravigna. 
= Lamellaria perspicua, Linn. . ; : : 2 : 
Ampullina, Lamarck, teste Defrance. Dict. Sc. Nat., xx, 
PAGS ASOT , % c-Fes Cee ganga alte nr 3g 
Ampullinopsis, Conrad. Smn.Eocene Check List, 20, 1866, 
= Ampullina, Lam. . : 
Ampullaria (Natica), Lam. ‘An. s. .. Vert., XViii, p. 633. 
f= N. heros, Say,. : : 
Andouini (Lamellaria), Cantr. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux., 
xiii, 1840. —L. perspicua, Linn. . : : : 
Angulata (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 32, 1885, . 
Anomala (Narica), C. B. Adams. Contrib. Conch., 109. 
? — V. sulcata, d’Orb. 
Anomphala, Jonas (? inedit.). Herrmanns Ind. Gen. Malac., 


i, 61, 1846. = Cernina, Gray, . 
Antarcticus (Sigaretus), Couthouy MSS. " Gould, Wilkes 
Exped., p. 216, f. 259. = lLamellaria, . 4061, 
Antillarum (Sigaretus), Recl. Jour. de @onehs 1851, p. 
185. =S. perspectivus, Say, 


Antoni (Natica), Phil. Zeit. f. Malakz., 1851, p- 48; EL A. 
Smith, Zool. Proe., 720, 1877, 

Aperta (Natica), Sowerby. Thes. Conch. pt. 39, p. 84, 1883, 

Aperta (Lunatia), Lovén. Oefv. Kong. Vet. Akad. Forhand. 
= N, flava, Gld. : ; : . : E : 


PAGE. 


08 


74 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Aperta (Vanikoro), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. H., xiii, 476, 1864, 
Apora (Natica), Watson. - Jour. Linn. Soe. XY, 265, 
Arachnoidea (Nerita), Gmelin. Syst. Nat. , 3674. 
= Natica fulminea, Gmelin, 
Areolata (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, 206, 
Argenteus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon. Aer v, f. 25, 
1864, , 
Articulata (Natica), Phil. Kiister’s Conch. Cab., 119. 
— N. ala papilionis, Chemn. 
Asellus (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ie., 136, 1855, : 
Atacamensis (Natica), Philippi. Reise durch Atacama., p- 
186, pl. vii, f. 20, 1860. = N. dubia, Recluz, . 
Atrocyanea (Lunatia), Phil. Arch. f. Nat. , 1845, p. 64, 
Atrypa (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 254, 53. 
Aurantia (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. (Desh. Ed.), vill, 
p. 632, - : : : : : : 
Australis ( (Sigaretus), Hanley. Young Conchologist’s Book 
of Species, frontispiece. = S. levieatus, Lam. : 
Australis (Lunatia), Hutton. Jour. de Conch. eis p- 93. 
Proc. N. Zeal. Inst., x, 295, : 
Australis (Sigaretus), Dkr. Malak. Blitter, Xv Li, Laie ‘1871, 
Avellana (Natica), Phil. Kuster, Conch. Oab., 15, 't. ie 
f. 14. =N. Dillwyni, Payr, 


Baconi (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 37, 1855. 
== Neeineel Pils i). 

Bahiensis (Ruma), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., 3 399, 150. 
=  N. mamillaris, Lam. 

Bayani (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. and Mag. de Zool., 
1874, p. 20, pl. ii, f. 5-6. = N. venustula, Phil. 

Beddomei (Natica), Johnston. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 
291,1884, . : : : : ‘ : ; 

Berghi (Lamellaria), Desh. Moll. de Reunion, p. 77, pl. 9, 
f. 18- 205) ef : 5 ; ‘ ; : 

Bernardi (Velutina), Martens. Archiv Naturg. 149, 1858, 

Bernardii (Ruma), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ii, 197, pl. 5, 
f..1., L851. »='N. Simiz, Desh., var. 

Beverlii (Natica), Leach. "Thoms. Ann. Philos., 1819. 
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 

Bicineta (Ruma), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., I 395, 1850. 
?’— N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. 

Bicincta (Natica), Schrenck. Bull. Ak. Imp. St. Ptrsbg. 
t. v, p. 513. =—N. Colliei, Recluz. . 

Bicolor (Natica), Schrenck. Nordjap. Moll., 378 (not Phil.) 
== /Neamplan Phil) ye 

Bicolor (Neverita), Phil. Zeitsch. fi Malac., v, 1848 p. a 

Bifasciata (Natica), Gray. Graff, Cuv. An. Kined. pl. hi 


54 


25 


ne 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 75 


PAGE, 


Bifasciata (Natica), Recluz. Reeve, Icon. Sp., 62. 


a a Vee Ss E: 
Bifasciatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., 1851, p. 

190, pl. 6, f. 3-4, : ; , < : - 56 
Blainvilleana (V anikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 141, 1843; 

Guerin’s Mag., 53, ae ligata, Recluz, : . 68 
Bonplandi (Natica), Val. Obs., p. 264, t. ST) f 3. 

= N. glauca, Humboldt, . . 34 
Borealis ‘(Natica), Gray. Zool., Beechey’ S Voy., ce 136. 

= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 37 
Bourguignati (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., iii, , 170, 

pl. vii, f. 8, 1852, : ‘ 16 
Brocchiana (Natica), Phil. Kiister’s Conch. Cab., t. 8, f. 

aelso2.) =< N_sordida, Phil. -. : : : : . 38 
Broderipiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1847, p. 

2 = N. ala-papilionis, var. . : 2 Sn Fe 
Brownia, d’Orbigny. Sagra’s Cuba, 1841. 

= Lamellaria, Montg. 
Brunnea (Natica), Linck. Rost., 1807, p. 140. 

= N. mamillaris, Lam. : ; : ; : : . 43 
Bulbosa (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 119, 1855. 

= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. . : : 5 : = 3l 
Bulbus, Brown. Proc. Geol. Soc., iii, 119, 1839. 

= Acrybia, Ads. . é c 3 : - : 5) 
Buriasensis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 212, 29 


Caffra (Natica), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, 204, 47 4 
Cailiaudi (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de rai i, 392, pl. 13, 
f.9. —N. pavimentum, Recluz, var. : ; zt eet 
Calcarella, Souleyet. Jour. de Conch., i 246, 1850. 
= Brownia, d’Orb. 
Caledoniella, Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 421, 1869, . reel 
Caledoniella, Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 1869, 421; 
RSTO, TL,. ~ d : 3 ; : : pace 
Canrena (Natica), Linn. Mus. Ulr., p. 674, ; ; 5, 20 
Canrena (Natica), var., Dillwyn. Desc. Cat. 
== N. Chinensis, Lam. 
Canrena (Nerita), Mat. and Rack, p. 223, No. 1. 
= Natica catena, Da Costa. 
Campeachiensis (Natica), Recluz. MSS. Reeve, Conch. Ic., 


1/1855. — N.duplicata, Say, . 384 
Canaliculata ( (Natica), Gould. Sillim. Jour. ey Ll 197. 

= N. Helicoides, Johnston, : 8, 53 
Canaliculata (Velutina), Beck. = V. zonata, Gould, 2 166 


Cancellata (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3670. 
== N. sulcata, Born. . : ; : - : - bos 


76 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 
Cancellata (Narica), Lam. An. sans Vert., t. vi, 2e part, 
p. 208, 67 
Cancellata (Naticaria), Swains. Treatise on 1 Malac. P. 846, 
f.107. = Sigaretus Linneanus, Recluz, . 2 og 
Candida (Amaura), Moll. Greenl. Moll. Bad (eae Me 52 
Candidissima (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch. , 1851, ae a 
=—N. Jukesii, Reeve, 3 46 
Candidissima (N atica), Le Guillou. Rev. Zool. Soe. ‘Ouv., 
1842, p. 105, . : ; : 46 
Capuloidea (Velutina), ‘Blainv. Malac., p. 469, ph 42 sat ie 
= V. levigata, Pennant, . 65 
Caribwea (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1851, D. 934, ' 
= N. lactea, Guild. . : Hae oo) 
Carnea (Onchidiopsis), Kroyer. Amtl. Ber., 115, 1847, GO 
Carolinum (Cryptostoma), Cuvier. Regn. anim., Edit. 2, 
ili, 91. ? = Sigaretus perspectivus, Say. 
Carolinus (Sigaretus), Dufo. Ann. Se. Nat., Oct., 1840, 
p. 201, , ‘ : , : : Sao 
Casta (Mamma), Phil. ‘Kiister, Conch: ‘Caby Tite t. Pit 
1852, . ; : 4T 
Castanea (Natica), Lam. An. sans Vert. (edit. Deshayes), 
viii, 643. — Natica catena, Da Costa, . 41 
Catena (Nerita), Da Costa. Brit. Conch., 83, t. 5, £ 1, alah 


Caténata (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 933, sn 
Catinella, Stache. Jahrb. Geol. Reichs. XXvii, 313, 1877. 


= — Velutina, Fleming, . aaailtes 
Catinus (Klein 2), H. and A. Adams, i , 219 1853. 

= Sigaretus, Lam. . : Pet 
Caurina (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. ists 

239, 1847. =—N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 4 37 
Cayennensis (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch. 11850 1, P 

383, pl. xiv, £ 6. =: N. marochiensis, Gmel. -. 23 
Cepatia, Gray. Synops. Brit. Mus., 1840, . 6 


Cernica (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. and Mag. de Zool., 
1874, p. 19, pl. ii, f. 13, 14. 


? —N. marochiensis, var. Chemnitzii, . ¢ : . 24 
Cernina, Gray. Synops. Brit. Mus.,1840, . : : se | 
Chelinotus, Swainson. Malacol., 234, 355, 1840. 

= Lamellaria, Montg. : : : ani 
Chemnitzii (Natica), Pfr. Registr. iD: 8. 

= N. marochiensis, Gmel. var. . - say tae bd: 
Chemnitzii (Natica), Recluz, MSS. Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 

i; 1855. co= Ni am pla Phil: : 38. 
Chinensis (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert., viii, De 644, : 20 


Cidaris (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 137, 1843; Rev. 
Zool., 5, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 20, 1845, ; ; é 68 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Cincta (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch.,i, p. 384, pl. xiv, 
ft, 1820, : 

Cinnamomea (Natica), Synopsis, 41, 1830. 
= N. solida, Blainv. . 

Citrina (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mal., 49, 1851. 

? — N. aurantia, Lam. : b : F ‘ 
Clathrata (Vanikoro), Recluz: Guerin’s Mag., 42, 1845, 
Clausa (Natica), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, p. 360, 
Clavata (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 167, 1883. 

= N. Incei, Phil. : : 
Coaretatus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Vj pln 

f. 17, 1864. =S. papilla, Gmel. var. ‘ 

Collaria (Natica). iam: Ans. Vert.; viii, p. 638, : 
Colliei (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 206, 
Colobocephalus, M. Sars. Nyt. Mag. Natur., 168, 1870. 

? — Marsenina, ; ; L E ; ; : 
Colpodaspis, M. Sars. Nyt. Mag. Natur., xvii, 186. 

= Lamellaria. 

Columnaris (Natica), Recluz. Petit. Jour. de Conch., evi 

1850, : : 
Compacta (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 33, 1885, 
Complanata (Lamellaria), Leach. = L. perspicua, ‘Linn. 
Concavus (Sigaretus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert , vol. 9, p. 10, 


Concinna (Natica), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, 1860, p. 232; Moll. 


Japon., p. 14, pl. ii, f. 21. = N. colliei, Reel. . : ‘ 
Conica (Natica), Lam. An.s. Vert. (Desh. Ed.), viii, p. 632, 
Consolidata (Natica), Couth. Bos. Jour., v. 2, pl. 3, f. 14. 

= N. clausa, Brod. and Sowb. . - ; : : ’ 
Convexa (Lamellaria), Bouchard. Cat. Moll. Boulonn, 149. 

= L. perspicus, Linn. : 
Cora (Natica), d’Orb. Voy. “Am. Mer. pl. 78, f 10, iy AT, 
Coriacea (Velutina), Pallas. Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop., i; 

237, 1788, : ; ; , : : ; . : 
Coriocella, Blainville. Dict. Sc. Nat., xxxii, 259, 1824. 

— Lamellaria, Montg. ; : : ; : tah he 
Cornea (Natica), Moll. Ind. Moll. Greenl., p. 7. 

—N. helicoides, Johnston, 

Costata (Natica), Menke. Malst. Cat. , 1828, p 12, 

—— IN. sulcata, Born. ~. : 
Costulata (Natica), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astrl. ov ie 

pl. 66, f. 20,21. = Sigaretus papilla, Gmel. . 
Couteaudi (Natica), Mab. et Rochbr. ‘Bull. Soc. Philom., 

p- 102, 1854-5, : ‘ 

Crenata ’(Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Ganon , 1853, p. 320, 
pl. 7,f. 4,5. = N. ala-papilionis, Chemn. 
Crosseana (Natica), Kleciach. Weinkauff, Conch. Mittelm., 4 

ii, 257. = Fossarus. 


TT 
18 
46 
42 


68 
30 


78 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 


Cruentata (Natica), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3673. 


— N. fulminea, Gmel. : , : ort Ey 
Cruentata (Natica), Payr. Moll. Corse, 118. 

— N. maculata, Desh. . ; ‘ aed 5) 
Cumingiana (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 139, 1843; 

Guerin’s Mag., 27, 1845. = V. clathrata, Recluz. . 68 
Cumingiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 

210. =—N. Powisiana, Recluz. 43 
Cuvieri (Lamellaria), Bergh. Mem. ‘Acad. Copenh.., 344, 

1853. = L. Tongana, Quoy, : ee 


Cuveriana (Vanikoro), Recluz. Guerin’ s Mag., 63, 1845, ab fl 
Cuverianus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Ill. Conch. Sig: py LS, vl 


i,t. 2A to: a) °: 55 
Cy mba (Sigar etus), Menke. ‘Syn. “Meth. Moll. ¥, p. 88. 
= 8. concavus, Lam. 55 


Cymba (Sigaretus), var., Dunk. Guinea inf., 32 , t. 5, f. 20-2 
= §. concavus, Lam. 
Cryptocella, H. and A. Adams, 1853. 


= Lamellaria, Montg. 11 
Cryptospira (Velutina), Middend. Malac. Rossica, il, 106a 

Siberian Voy., p. 216, pl. xxv, f. 8-10,  . ae ON 
Cryptothyra, Menke. Synops. edit., ii, 8, 1830. 

= Lamellaria, Monte. : Rae 
Cryptostoma, Blainville. Bull. Soe. Philom., No. 120, 1818. 

= Sigaretus, Lam. . : . : : : : Set) 
Debilis (Sigaretus), Gould. Bost. Proc., vi, 375, 1852 on 
Decora (Natica), Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab. Natica, 118. 

== N. picta, Recluz. . . 22 
Deiodosa (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ie., 35, 1855, 4 42 


Delesserti (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, Ill. Conch. a cee! 8. 58 
Delessertiana (Natica), Recluz. Chenu, Iliust. Coneb., ili, 


(4; {25 96- — Niduplicata, Say, i: ¢ : . 34 
Delicata (Narica), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., li, 282, 1867. 

= V. ligata, Recluz. . Seite: 
Depressa ‘(Natica), Gray. Zool., " Beechey’s Voy. p. 136, 

pl. sbst..2, 1330.9 IN Gray. ’ Phil. : 3 ere 


Depressa (Lamellaria), Dall. MSS., 1866. 
— L. Stearnsii, Dall. 
Depressus (Sigaretus), Phil. Neuer oder wenig gekannte 
Conch, bd..1, p: 2; 4:11, £3. 38: perspectivus; Say, |< 797 
Deshayesiana (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 138, 1843; 
Rev. Zool., 7, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 48, 1845. 
——ve ligata, Recluz. . : 5 : : : #268 
Didyma (Neverita), Bolten. Phil., Chenu, Ll. Conch., 
pl.'3, £.4.> — Natica ampla,, Phil: L : : . 33 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 


Diegoensis (Lamellaria), Dall. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 
538, t. 24, f. 1-3, 1885, : 

Dilecta (Natica), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soe. N. H. SALE Tics, ‘1848, 

Dillwyni (Natica), Payr. Moll. Corse, pl._v, f. "98° ‘ 

Disparilis (Vanikoro), Desh. Moll. Reunion, LG t. 9, f. 15, 
17, 1863. = V.clathrata,Recluz. . 

Distans (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proce., 140, 1843; “Rev. 
Zool., T, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 45, 1845, . é 

Draparnaudi (Natica), Recluz. Petit Jour. Con., ii Dp. 198, 
pl. 5, f.11, 1851. = N. Powisiana, Recluz. 


Dubia (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 209, 4, 


Dunkeri (Natica), Phil. Zeitschr. f. Malakz., 1851, Le ie 
Duplicata Varese, ae Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. NP hg oy 
247, . 6 


Eburnea (Natica), Desh. Lam., An. sans Vert., viii, 646. 


—N.orientalis,Gmel. . 5 ‘ 2 3 
Echinospira, Krohn. Archiv Naturg., xix, 1853. 

= Brownia, d’Orb. 
Effusa (Natica), Swains. Zool. Ill., pl. 104. 

= ?N. Powisiana, Recluz. j ! ; ; 
Elata (Vanikoro), Sow: Reeve, Goneh: eae SP. 23, 1875, 
Elegans CNavien}; Recluz. Jour. de Conch., i, e 381 aS 

14, f. 4. . picta, Recluz. 
Elenz (Natica), Recluz. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1843, 15 205, : 
Elongata (Natica), Troschel. Arch. f. Nat. 2., 1852, p- 158, 

pity = N. corasd Orb. .. : : ; : 
Ermea, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 1857. Lamellaria, Monte., 
Eunaticina, Fischer. Manuel de Conch., 768, 1885, . 10, 
Euspira (Agassiz, 1837), Morris and Lycett. Moll. Gt. 

Colt. NS50),),+ : : : : ; ; : : 
Euzona (Natica’, Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 204; 

Jour. de Conch., ii, p. 381, pl. xiv, f. 3, 1850. 

= N. picta, Recluz, : : ‘ : : é 
Excavata (Natica), Carpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 165. 

— N. Elene, Recl. 
Eximius (Sigaretus), Reeve. " Coneh. Icon. pl. v, £.2 22, “13864, 
Expansa (Moro. zonata, var.), Sars. Moll. Norv. , 147, 1878, 
Fava (Natica), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, 205, . : 
Fabella (Natica), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., 183, t. 4, 

f. 11, 1884, : : : : u 3 5 : 
Fanel (Natica), Adanson. Coq. de Senegal, pl. 13, f. 3, 16, 
Fartilis (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 264, 
Fasciata (Natica), Martyn. Univ. Conch., pl. 110. 

= N. rufa, Born, : : : : ; 


45 


80 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


1826. = Natica Dillwynii, Payr. 


Fibrosa (Ruma), Soul. Voy. Bonite, p. oa pl. 35, fs. 8-10. 


— Natica mélanostoma, Gmel., Var. 


Fibula (Natica), Reeve. onck. Ie. sp. 130, 1855. 


— N. Incei, Phil., juv. 


Fibula (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon, pl. Vv, f. 26, 1864, 
Filicatus (Sigaretus), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc., ii, p. 22, 


1845, 


Filosa (Natica), Phil. Neueo Conch., ii, t. ii, fe 4, p. 8. 


— N. Sagraiana, d’Orb. 


Filosa (Natica), Sowb. MSS. Reev., Couch. Te. 12, 1855, . 
Flammulata (Natica), Requien. Cat. Moll. Corse. 


? — N. Sagraiana, d’Orb. . F ‘ 
Flava (Lamellaria), Chiaje. Mem., v, t. 77, af 10. 
— L. perspicua, Linn. 


Flava (Natica), Gould. Silliman’s Jour., XXXVili i 196, 8, 
Flemingiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1843, D. 


2095422 : : 
Flexilis (Bulla), Mont. “Test. Brit. Suppl. 


= Velutina plicatilis, Muller, . 13, 
Florida (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Tess 64, 1855, : 
Fluctuata (Natica), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., Dp. Rik t's Sia, 
Forata cMngdny, Baere Conch. Icon., sp. 129, 1855, : 
Forskalii (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, pl. 197, f. 


1901, 1902, 


Fortunei (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Te. Sp. 123, 1855 ; Jour. 


de Conch., 1863, p. 262, pl. ix, f. 5, 


Fossata (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soe., li, p: 263, 1847, 


— N. duplicata, Say, . 


Foveolata (Narica), sf "Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., vi, 


138, 1866, 


Fragilis (Natica), a oN helicoides, ‘Jobnst. ‘ 
Franciscana (Natica), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Conch. Ic., sp. 


127, 1855. == N. Guillemini, Payr. 


Fringilla (Natica), Dall. Bull. Mus. ‘Comp. Zool., ix, P 93, 
Fulgurans (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P. 206, 


Fulminea (Natica), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. SY, 149, 


1826. =N. Sagraiana, d’Orb. 
Fulminea (Natica), Gmel. Syst. Nat. , 3672, 


Funiculata (Mamma), Recluz. Jour. de rake i, 400, 


1850; ii, 201, 1851. = N. columnaris, Recluz, 
Fusca (Natica), Weink. Medit. Conch., ii, 251. 
—N. sordida, Phil, 
Fusea (Natica), Carpenter. Rept. Brit. Assoc., 
1863. =N. otis, Brod. and Sowb. 


"593, 624, 


PAGE, 


Fasciata (Necca). Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 149, 


51 


33 
59 


59 


19 
51 


19 


60 
52 


50 


67 


17 
a3 
26 
20 
37 
34 


70 
53 


40 
54 
16 


19 
15 


47 
38 
44 


ee | 
- ty 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 81 


PAGE, 


Fusca (Natica), de Blainville. Faune Frang., t. 14, f.1, 1a. 
= N. maculata, Desh. 

Fuscata (Natica), Humph. Cat., 21, 1797. 
= N. mamillaris, Lam. 


Gaidei (Natica), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 1874, 196, pl. 


Migs si5, 292, pl. xii;f. 8... — N. lineozona, Jouss.. 24 
Gaimardi (Vanikoro), A. Ad. Conch. Icon., sp. 9, 1875. 

= V. Orbigniana, Recluz, . “ rae!) 
Galactites (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mal. AT, 1851. 

= N. Flemingiana, Recluz, : . 50 
Gallapagosa (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P. 

213. —N. otis, Brod. and Sowb. . 44 
Gam biz ‘(Natica), "Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 207, 

== N.collaria, Lam. . 28 
Gemma (Marsenia), Bgh. Semper’ Bonen im Aner Phil., 

Bae 1, tli, f.T, : 63 


Genuanus (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Teon., f. 121, 1855 ; 
Marrat, Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 243. 


= N. imperforata, Gray, . : : ; : : sah Bi 
Geraudi (Rumella), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 90, 

1885, . : : : : : : : PNT 
Gilva (Natica), Phil. Menke’s Zeitsch., 48, 1851. 

? —N. Fortunei, Reeve, . : ‘ : : : “aot 


Glabella (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Tes spied. 1855.2: oe 
Glaberrima (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 136, 1843. 


== NW. Neritina’ . 2 ; é : : eet! 
Glabra (Lamellaria), Couthouy. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., ii, 
my plo, 4. 16, 1838, ~. : : : ; ; ny 


Glabrata (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, Re 3) 
Glabrissima (Vanikoro), Brown. Wern. Mem., ii, 532, t. 

24,f.12. = V. glaberrima, Recluz, 71 
Glacialis (Onchidiopsis), M. Sars. Sars, Faun. Moll. Norv. 153, 64 
Glauca (Natica), Humboldt. Desh. , An. s. Vert., viii, p.651, 34 
Glaucina (Natica), Reeve, etc., not ‘Linn. nor Lamarck. 

= N. Josephine, Risso, . : : : ; poo 
Glaucina (Natica), Lam. (non Ean)2°— Nampla, Phil: ) 33 
Glaucina (Natica), Linn. Faun. Suecce. | edit., 533. 

?—N. Alderi, Forbes. . : F : ‘ ; 5 
Globosa (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 33,1885, . ob 
Globosa (Lunatia), King. Zool. Jour., v, p. 344. 


== N. Patagonica, Phil... - : : : : 5 hanes Tf 
Globosa (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cat., v, p. 267, pl. 188, f. 

1896, 1897. —N.helvacea, Lam. . 30 
Globosa (Ruma), T. Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1815, 

149. — R. umbilicata, ae Petterd, Jour. of Conch., 


ii, 353, i : : 52, 54 
6 


82 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Globulus (Amauropsis), Angas. Proc. Zook aad oe P. 
ALG. plinxl, f.75,-% , 
Globularia, Swainson, Malacol., 345, 1840. 
— Ampullina, Lam. . ‘ 
Gouldii (Natica), Phil. Menke, Zeit., 1845, ccs 
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. ; : : 
Gouldii (Lamellaria pellucida, var. af Verrill. Trans. Conn. 
Acad. viele. : 
Gracilis ‘(Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., i 381, pl. Xiv, 
f. 11, 1850, ; 
Gracilis (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch. , Sp. 102, f. 156. 
= N. marochiensis, var. livida, : 
Granifera (Narica), Pease. Am. Jour. ‘Conch., Vv; 18, 1869. 
= V. clathrata, Reeluz, ; 
Granulosa (Vanikoro), Reeluz. Zool. Proc., 140, 1843; ’ Rey. 
Zool., 6, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 32, 1845. 
Eat Vi clathrata, Recluz, 
Grayi (Sigaretus), Desh. Lam. Anim. sans ‘Vert., iP P. 12. 
= S. concavus, Lam. : 
Grayi (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., TA. 
— N. catenata, Phil. . : 
Grisea (Natica), Martens. Sitzber. Gesellschaft, Nat. i'r: 
Berlin, 1878, 24, . : 
Grisea (Natica), Requien. Coq. de Corse, 61. 
— N. intricata, Donov. 


Greenlandica (Lamellaria), Moller. Index, “Moll. Greenl. P. 


10; 1842, ° i. 
Greenlandica (Natica), Beck. Mill. Ind. Mol. Greenl., (ip: 1. 
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 
Groénlandica (Onchidiopsis), Bergh. Mem. “Acad. Copenh.., 
346, 1853, . : 3 
Gualteriana (N Vatica), Petit. Jour. “Conch.. i, p. 396, 1850. 
? — N. marochiensis, Gmel. . j 
Gualterianus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Mart. Conch., i, pl. ‘16, ft. 
152. =S. planulatus, Recluz, 
Gueriniana (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 139, 1843; 
Rev. Zool., T, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 43, 1845, . 
Guillemini (Natica), P ayr. Cat. Moll. Corse, pl. v, fs. 25 26, 
Gyrodes, Conrad. Jour. Phila. Acad., iv, 289, 1860, : 


Haliotoidea (Helix), Muller. Zool. Dan. Prodr., 240. 
— Lamellaria perspicua, Linn. : : : : : 
Haliotoidea (Velutina), O. F. Fabr. Fauna Greenl., 390, 
1780.. = V. levigata, Pennant, 
Haliotideus (Sigaretus), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., ie p. 165, aie 
p. 142. =S. Philippii, Weink; Kuster, p. 23, 
Haliotoideus (Sigaretus), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., x, 175, 


PAGE, 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Haliotoideus (Sigaretus), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. 
— §. coneavus, Lam., , : : 

Haliotoideus (Sigaretus), Gould. Invert. Mass., Ist Edit., 
244. =  Lamellaria glabra, Couth. . 

Haneti ( Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., a1, 1850, 389, pl. 
13; fi. 6, 7. =N. Elene, Recluz, . 

Hebrea (Natica), Philippi. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 73, ‘6. i 
f.10. = N. marochiensis, var. lurida, ; 

Hebreea (Natica), Martyn. Univ. Conch. te LOS: 1769- 1784. 
= N. maculata, Desh. : 

Helicina (Nerita), Brocchi. Conch. foss. subap., ii, 297, t. 1: 


f.10. = Natica catena, Da Costa, é 
Helicina ‘(Natica), Seouenza. Notizie, succincte intorno, 
p- 17, 22 part. == N, Montagui, Forbes, 


Helicoides (Natica), Johnston. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soe. Ber- 
wick on Tweed, 1835, ; : 
Helicoides (Vanikoro), Guillou. Rev. “Zool., 105, 1842. 
= N. ligata, Recluz, . 
Helicoideus (Sigaretus), Guillow. Rev. Zool. Cuv. ‘Soe. 11842, 
p- 105, : , 
Helvacea (Natica), ‘Lam. Anim. sans Vert., No. nee , 
Herculea (Natica), Middend. Malac. Rossica, i il »P. 96, 1849. 
= N. Lewisii, Gould, - 
Heros (Natica), Say. Jour. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila., i, ps 248, 
6, 34, 


Imbricata (Vanikoro), Pease. Zool. Proc., 435, 1860. 
? = Acuta, Recluz, : : : : : : 
Immaculata (Natiea), | Totten. Silliman JOUr.,° KEVIL,. p- 
sais t. 6, : : ; "38. 
Imperforata (N atica), J: Jay. Cat. Od Ed. Bae Oy “81, pl. iv, f. 10. 
— N. fluctuata, Sowb. Jay., 3d Edit., 117, ; 
Imperforata (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 135, pl. 
weed Big: 
Impervia (Natica), Phil. Arch. f. Nat., 1845, p- 65, 
Incei (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., ‘1851, p. 233, : 
Incisa (Natica), Dkr. Kuster, Conch. Cab. D. 81 Pl. 12 af. 8. 
= N. ampla, Phil. 
Incisus (Sigaretus), Reeve. ‘Conch. Icon., pl. ili, f. Ll, vol. 
=v, 1864, . 
Indica (Lamellaria), Leach. " Angas, Zool. Proc., “199, 1867, 
Indica (Sigaretus), Gray. Spicilegia, Zool., No. 5 
= 8. planulatus, Recluz, : : : : 
Inseulptus (Sigaretus), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 
pl. xiii, f. 10. —S. neritoideus, Linn. . 
Insecta (Natica), . Jousseaume. ‘Rev. de Zool., 1874, 
t. ii, f. 1,2, : : : ‘ 


84 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Intemerata (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 933, 


Intermedia (Neverita), Recluz. Chenu, Ill. Conch., iii, 
Natica, t! 2, 3. =="Nv mamilla, Linn’ ©. ieee : 
Intermedia (Natica), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, 163, t. 9, 
f. 11,1886." == NoAldermstorbes,~ : : . : : 
Intermedia (Natica), Recluz (non Phil.). Reeve, Icon., sp. 
21:3 (= NS amplas eal : . : : : : 
Intricata (Natica), Donovan. British Shells, v, pl. 167, 6, 
Intricatoides (Natica), Hidalgo. Moll Esp., t. 20 b, i 12, 
13 t. 20:¢, £10; 41. = N. vittata, Gmelin, ; 
Iostoma (Natica), Mke. Zeitschr., 1847, p. 178. 
= N. ala-papilionis, var. Broderipiana, . 
Isabellina EISELE Bgh. Semper’s Voy. Phil. Ba. ii, pl. 
Roe Fe 
Isabelleana (Natica), d’Orb. Voy. ‘Am. Mer. pl. 16, fs. 19- 13, 
Islandica (Natica), Gmelin. — N. Helicoides, Johnston, 
Isonema, Meek and Worthen. Phila. Proc., 251, 1865, 


Jamaicensis (Natica), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 111. 
= N. marochiensis, Gmel. var. livida, : : 
Jamaicensis (Natica), CB. Ad: Contrib. Conch., ili, 1850. 
— N. Sagraiana, Orb. ; : 
Janthostoma (Natica), Desh. Guer. Mag. ‘de Zool., ‘1841, 
pl. 45 —N. clausa,' Br. et Sowb. var. 
Japonica (Amaurella),A.Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 407, 1860, 
Japonicus (Sigaretus), Lischke. Malakl. Blatter, xix, 104, 
Jasonilla, Macdonald. Ann. Nat. Hist., xvi, 206, 1855. 
= Brownia, d’Orb. 
Javanica (Natica), Lam. An.s. Vert., v, 8, p. 644. 
= N. maculosa, Lam. : : s : : : i 
Javanicus (Sigaretus), Gray. Griffith’s Cuv. Anim. Kingd., 
pleat fale 4s: neritoides, Linn. . i ; 
Josephine (Natica), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. “Merid. pal aes 
£<43,~.. : : : 
Jukesii (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Te. sp. 84, 1855. 
= N. candidissima, Le Guillou, 


Kleciachi Gaamelanay, Brusina. Contr. Fauna. Moll. 
Dalm., p. 35, 

Kindelanina (Lamellaria), Mich. Bul. Soe. Nat. Hist. Bord., 
t. 2, p. 119, 1828. = L. perspicua, Linn. : 


Labrella (Natica), Lam. An. sans Vert., v, 8, p. 644. 
—  N. collaria, Lam. . : : : 
Lacernula (Natica), d’Orb. Cuba, 1842, 2, p- 35, t. ‘14, f. 
23-25. = N. marochiensis, Gmel., var. livida, ; 
Lactea (Natica), Guild. Linn. Trans., t. vi, p- 29, 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Lactea (Natica), Marshall. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xvi, he 


aga.) = var.,.N. Alderi, Forbes, : 

Lactea (Natica), Lovén. Phil., Abb and Besehr. Nat. p. 
Payot. et. 13. == N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 

Lactea (Sigaretus), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., 1851 Dp. 186, 


pl. 6, f. 1-2. —S. planulatus, Recluz. 
Lacuna (Natica), } Montg. = Lacuna puteolus, Turton. 
Lacunaria, Conrad. Smn. Eocene Check List, p. 12, 1866. 
= — Lacunide, : : : 


Levida (Natica), Laskey. She sordida, Phil. : 

Levigata (Velutina), Pennant. But. Zool., iv, 140, 1877, 

Levigatus (Sigaretus), Lam. An. s. vert, vi, 2d part, 
p- 208, 

Lamarckiana (Natica), Recluz. MSS. Reeve, Conch. Ie. ae 
heooe) —— N. ampla, Phil. : 

Lamarkianus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, aie Conch., 7, 
tf 14.5 (not t. 3, f. 2:-— Delesserti). ay Linneanus, 
Recluz, : s : ‘ : 

Lamarckianus (Sig yaretus), Reeluz. Chenu, Ill. Conch., pl. 
ta. =o. Cuvierianus, Recluz. Chenu, p. 18. 


33 


59 


Lamellaria, Montagu (pars). Trans. Linn. Soc., xi, 1815, 11, 60 


Lamellosa (Vanikoro), d’Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, t. Bisel 


meaty 2 Vi. stridta,.d’Orb.. ‘ : ; 2 GOTO 


Lanigera (Velutina), Moller. Moll. Groenlandiz, p. 10, 
1842, : : p : ; < 2 
Largillierti (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., 1852, p. 
408, pl. xii, f. 1, : : : - 5 : 
Larina, A. Adams. — Paludinide. 
Larvata (Neverita), Tapp. Can. Voy. Magenta, 34,t.1,f. v, 
Latens (Lamellaria), Mull. Prodr. Zool. Dan., 242 
Latifasciatus (Sigaretus), Reeve (non Ad. and R.). Conch. 
Icon.,sp.9. ?% —S. concavus, Lam. : : ; : 
Latifasciatus (Sigaretus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. 
pamar., p. 55, pl. 13, f. 11. = S.neritoides, Linn. 
Leachii (Sigaretus), Phil. Abb. Conch., pl. 1, f. 3. 
= §. neritoideus, Linn. : . : : : 
Leachii (Sigaretus), De Blainv ile. Man. de Mal., t. 42, f. 3, 
Lebruni (Natica), Mabille et Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom., 
p. 102, 1884-5, . WM ibs ere eee thes se: 
aed (Natica), Marshall. Ann. Mag. N. H., xvi, 393, 
1875, = var. N. catena, Da Costa, ; ; 
Lemniscata (Natica), Phil. Kuster, Natica, 122, Lich lee ee 
= N. canrena, Linn., juv., : : 
Leptalea (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 261, 
Leptonotis, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., ii, 76, 1866, 
Leucophvea (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 51, 1855, 
Leucotis, Swainson. Malacol., 346, 1840. = Narica, Recl. 


66 


35 
60 


55 
55 


55 
57 


ia 
41 


21 
53 
13 
45 
13 


86 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Leucozonias (Nerita), Gen. Syst. Nat., 3672. 


PAGE, 


= Natica rufa, Born. 3 : ‘ 2 ; é . 30 
Levicula (Lunatia), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 

OM Leia, se : : ‘ ; i : . wou 
Lewisii (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Hm, 239, 

1847, ‘ ; ; : : Seni 
Ligata (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 138, 1843; Rev: 

Zool., 5, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 22, 1845, 68 
Limacina (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool., 1874, i it p- 14, 

pl. 2, f. 7-8. = N. marochiensis, var. lurida, : 23 
Limbata (Natica), d’Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. spl: BT, f.71- 9; 28 
Limneria, H. and A. Adams, i, 200, 1853, _ . ; = 2) GhS66 
Limpida (Natica), HE. A. Smith. Zool. Alert, 57, t. 5, f. L, 

1884, . 26 
Lineata (Natica), Lam. “An. s. Vert. (Desh. Ea. ), viii, D. 640, 29 
Linneanus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, Ill. Conch., iii, pl. 

etre, ; : : ‘ : : 2) Og 
Lineolata (Natica), Phil. Menke, Zeit. f. Mal., 1844, p. 107. 

= N. filosa, Phil. 
Lineozona (Natica), Jouss. Mag. de Zool., 22, t. 11, f. 3, 4, 

1874, . 24 
Listeri (Sigaretus), Recluz. "Chenu, Conch. UUs pl 2 2, 1 £9 oe 

= §. Martinianus, var.? Reeve, E =) 16 
Litterata (Ruma), Souleyet. Adams, Genera, i, 210. 

= N. melanostoma, Gm., var. melanostomoides. 

Livida (Natica), Pfr. Archiv fur Naturg., vi, 1840, p.254,. 23 
Livida (Lunatia), Lask. — N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 37 
Locellus (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 134, 1855, . 24 
Lucidus (Sigaretus), Gould. Proc. Boston Soe. N. H., viii, 

p. 14, : 5 59 
Lunatia, ‘Gray. Zool. Proc., 149, 1847, : 6, 35 
Lupia, Conrad. Smn. Eocene Check List, 15, 1866. 

== Sigaretus, Lam.  . 10 
Lupinus (Natica), Desh. An. sans s Vert., Vv, 8, p- “648. 

= N. solida, Blainv. : ; 46 
Lurida (Natica), Phil. Kiist., Conch. Cab., 19. 

= N. marochiensis, Gm., var. . : 5 23 
Lynx (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mal., 46, 1851, 17 
Lysis, Gabb. Paleont. Calif., i, 138, ut 
Macilenta (Natica), Phil.. Abb. und Besch. Conch., ii, pl. 

2A. f TS ee ‘ : ‘ . 40 
Macilenta (Natica), Reeve (non Phil. se “Conch. Icon., f. 133, 

1855. = N. Alderi, Forbes, _. 4] 
Macrotrema (Ruma), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang ree p. 

54, pl ccs £299; °. 52 
Macrostoma ’(Natica), Phil. Kiister, Natica, 5B, 1852, 51 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 87 


Maculata (Natica), Desh. Anim. s. Vert., My p. 645. 


= N. millepunctata, Lam., Var. Bn Us: 
Maculatus (Sigaretus), Reeluz. Monoer., s Dy £ Te 2. 
= S§. Martinianus, Phil. . 2 Ob 


Maculatus (Sigaretus), Say. Am. Conch., pl. 25, p 176, aL 

Maculosa (Natica), Lam. An.s. Vert. (Desh. Bd. ), Viil, p. 
641, . : : : : f : Pee 

Magellanica (Natica), Phil. Voy. Astral. et Zelée, v. 64. 
PN, Patagonica, Phil. . : : b ; 3 aie 


Maheensis (Natica), Dufo. Am. Sc. Nat., 1840, p. 193, ZO 
Malabarica (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de’ Coneh., i i, P. 393, 
1850, . 54 
Mamilla (Natica), Linn, Syst. Nat., Ea. Xi, 1959 ; “AD 
Mamilla, Schumacher. Essai nouv. gen. 190, 1817, Pe OU 


Mawillaria, Swains. Malacol., 345, 1840. = Mamma, Klein, 6 

Mamillaris (Sigaretus), Linn. Syst. Nat.,12th ed., p. 1246, 59 

Mamillaris (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. Desh., ed. viii, p. 
628; Morch. Mal. Blatt., 24, p. 59. 


= N. fuscata, Humph. ; : d : : : . 43 
Mamma, Klein (Ostrac, 1753). H.and A, Adams, Genera i, 
210, 1853. = Polinices, Montf. 
Manceli (Natica), peerage Rev. and Mag. Zool., 1874, 
15, t. ii, f. 11,12. ?—N. marochiensis, Gmel. 23 
Marchei (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. and Mag. Zool. 1874, 
p17, 6. 11,1. 9,10. = N. marochiensis, var. lurida, «ao 
ee aces (Natica), Duclos. Potiez et Mich., Gal. des 
Moll., ke ae : : ; : , ee Ont 
Renbrats (Natica), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. ni 147, 
1826. == N. Guillemini,'Payr.. 40 
Marmorata (Natica), H. Ad. Proce. Zool. Soe., 1869, P 274, 
Poxix, {..8, , 25 
Maroccana (Nerita), Salis. Reisen Neap. es 379, 1793. 
=N.Guillemini, Payr. . ; . 40 


Maroceana (Nerita), Chemn. Conch. Cab., y, 270, d ie 
Marochiensis (Natica), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., ii, 256. 

= N. Alderi, Forbes, : : : ‘ : : a> 4 
Marochiensis (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3673, No.15, 22 
Marsenia, Leach. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., xx, 1847. 

—— Lamellaria, Montg. ; : : : : off lel 
Marsenina, Gray. Figs. Moll. Anim., AV: 10,08 800) 1135 dD G4 
Martinianus (Sigaretus), Phil. Abbild. und Besch. Coo 

i, p. 144; Morch., Mal. Blatter, xxiv, pl. 25. . 11.06 
Maura (Natica), Brug. Enc. Mesh. pl. 453, f. 4a,b, . ARN 
Mauritize (V anikoro), Recluz. Guerin’s Mag., 19; 1845, etl 
Mauritiana (Lamellaria), Bergh. Marseniaderne, p- 103, 

Pia. b, £. 9, : ‘ : : : 4 . . - 62 


88 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Maximus (Sigaretus), Phil. Neuer Conch., t. 1, f. 1. 
= 8. concavus, Lam. . i : : : 
Megatilotus, Fischer. Manuel de Conch., 766, 1885, 
Melanostoma (Nerita), var., Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3674. 
= Natica solida, Blainv. ; : : : : : 
Melanostoma (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., xiii ed., p.3674, 
Melanostoma (Natica), var. b, Lam. An. sans Vert. 
= N. maura, Brug. 
Melanostomoides (Natica), Quoy and coun. Voy. Astr. 
ii, p. 229, pl. 66, f. 4-8. = N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. 
Melastoma ’(Natica), Swains. Zool. Illust., ii, '. rec dpe 
Menkeana (Natica), Phil. Kuster, Conch. ‘Cab. sts Lens 8. 
? — N. marochiensis, Gmel., var. livida, . 
Menkeanus (Sigaretus), Dkr. Moll. Guineensia, P 33. 
= §. bifasciatus, Recluz, . : 
Merria, Gray. Zool. Beechey’ s Voy., 137, 1842. 
— Narica, Recluz, . 
Micromphala (Marsenia), Beh. Vid. Meddel. Nat. For. \p. 
120 1857. | == Meelabra, Couth. : 
Microstoma (Natica), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astr., il, 282, 
t. 66, f. 9. = N. plumbea, Lam. ; d 
Millepunctata (Natica), Lam. An.s. Vert., vi, 199, ; 
Milne-Edwardsia (Rumella). Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanga- 
mika, O15 sLSS55 6% 
Mittrei (Natica), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. and Zel., 
v. 65. =N.aurantia, Lam. . 
Moerchi (Amauropsis), “ad: and Ang. Proc. Zool. " Soe., 
1863, p..423, . 1: 
Monilifera (Natica), Lam. ‘An. s. Vert. (Desh. Kd. )s vil 
638. = N. catena, Da Costa, 
Montagui (Natica), Forbes. Malac. Monensis, p. 32, 
Montrouzieri (Caledoniella), Souverb. Jour. de Conch. 
1869, 421; 1870, 71, . . : 19, 
Montrouzieri (Vanikoro), Souverb. Jour. de Conch., 136, 
SiO E A 
Moquiniana (Natica), Recluz Jour. de Conch., 1853, p 
154: 6.4 Oe 10; t : : 5 
Morelli (Lamellaria), Chiaje. Mem., v, t. 62 ne at 
= L. perspicua, Linn. 
Morvillia, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mas., 45, 1857. 
= Limneria, Ads. 
Mozaica (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch. , Sp- 107, f. 133, 134, 
Mulleri (Velutina), Desh. Mag. de Zool., Moll., pl. 28, 
= V.levigata, Pennant, . ; 
Mustelina (Natica), Swains. Zool. Il. pl. 19. 
? — N. marochiensis, Gmel., var. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 89 


Nacca, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 148, 1826. 


= Natica, Adanson, . : : : 5 . : 156 
Nana (Natica), T.-Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, 149; 

So RaSh iy me : ‘ : : 5 : ; . 54 
Nana (Lunatia), Moll. Greenl. Moll., p. 7. 

aculata, Totten, ; ; : ; : at i: 

Narica, Recluz, in @Orbieny. Moll Cuba, 139,184.) 2 is 
Natica, Adanson. Hist. Nat. Seneg., 172, 1757, . ar COR ie 
Naticaria, Swainson. Man. Malacol., 346, 1840. 

= — Mamilla, Schum. . T 


Naticaria, H. ‘and A. Adams (not Swainson), Genera i, 208, 
1853. 
Naticella (pars), Minster. Beitr. z. Petref., iv, 1841. 
— Natiria, de Koninck. 
Naticella, Guilding. Swainson, Maiacol., 345, 1840. 
— Mamma, Klein, . : ; ; ; ‘ : LEG 
Naticina, Guilding. Trans. Linn. Soc., xvii, 31, 1834. 
= Mamma, Klein. 
Naticina, Gray (not Guilding, 1834). Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840. 


= — Eunaticina, Piseher.:: 1%: : : eal 
Naticodon, Ry ckholt. Mel. Paleont., 1852 ; . 14 
Naticopsis, M’Coy. Carb. Foss. Ireland, 33, 1844, ; Vac8 
Natiria, de Koninck, 1881, . f ara 
Neritoidea (Lamellaria), Ghiaje. Mem., ill, 215, 226, 1828. 

= L. perspicua, Linn. ‘ “ 60 
Neritoideus tear etue): Recluz. Monogr. Chenu ll. Conch., 

Tita {> f, 2.1.2, 3.) ==. concavus, Lami. * :: 5D 
Neritoideus (Sigaretus), Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th Ed. ‘ps 1250, 55 
Neritomopsis, Waagen, 1880. —= Naticopsis, M’ Coy : seat. 
Neverita, Risso. Hist. Nat. Hur. Merid., iv, 149, 1826, 6, 32 
Nicolii (Natica), Forbes. = N. catena, ; ; eae 


Nigra (Lamellaria), Blainville. Manuel de Malac., p. 466, 
pl..42,f.1. ?=—L. Mauritiana, Bergh. 
Nigrescens (Natica), Ad. Coutr. Conch., p. 112. 


= N. marochiensis, var. livida, : sae 
Nitida (Natica), Donov an. Brit. Shells FLW pl. 144, 

= N. lactea, Guild. . : 2) 49 
Nitida (Natica), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll., lii, 330, 

= N. Alderi, Forbes, P : 3 ‘ : . 40 
Nitidus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. iv, f. 20, 1864. 

= 8S. papilla, Gmel., var. . . 58 
Nivea (Natica), Anton. Verzeichniss, D. 30, No. LITA, 

——9p Sagraiana, Orb. : : eel 
Notabilis (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proe. oN 1885, . 40 
Notata (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch , sp. 44, f. 168. . 


= N. lineozona, Jouss. : , ; ee 


90 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Nucahivensis (Natica), Jardin. Mem. de Me Re. xe he 
p- 193, BA 
Nucula (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Teon. tO 140, 1855, ayes, 


Obliquata (Natica), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., 1, 243,° .. 5A 
Oblongus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch, Ic., pl. iv, f. 21,1864, 58 
Obstructa (Natica), Menke. Zeitschr. f. Malakoz, 1849, p. 36, 


—N.collaria, Lam. . 28 
Obturata (Natica), Phil. Mal. Blitter, iii, p. 165, 1857, «| 4 
Obtusa (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool Proc. Bee: 1885, : 39 


Occlusa (Natica), 8. V. Wood. Mong. Crag Moll., p. 146, 
t. xii, f. 4a,b, 1848; Suppl. 76, t. 4, f. iW Ie 1872. 


eee *e clausa, Brod. and Sowb. : me Med 
Ochrostoma (Mamma), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., in 391, 
pl. xiii, f..10,.1850: > — N? lactea, Guild, var... 1.49 


Olla (Natica), Desh. Expd. a Moreé, p- 157, No. 218. 
— N. Josephine, Risso. 
Omoia (Natica), Mabille et Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom., 


LOS; ABBE er) nee SEE ely Wee ie thf ee 
Oncea (Natica), Bolt. H.and A. Adams, Genera i, 206. 

— N. Chinensis, Lam. . 20 
Oncidiopsis (Beck), Bergh. “Act. Soe. Dan., iil; 1853, 42 
Opaca (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ii, jr Re 1851. 

—  N.melanostoma, Gmelin, . , : : : - 50 
Bia teed (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 34, t. 4, f. 7, 1885. 

= N. clausa, Brod. and Sowb. 31 


a ante (Lamellaria), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1844, p. 169. 

= L. Indica, Leach, Hutton; Jour. de Conch., 23, 1878. 
Orbiculata (Lamellaria), Dall. "Am Jour. Conch., vii, 122, 

1871; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 539. —L.Stearnsii, Dall. 63 
Orbignyana (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc. 140, 1843; 

Rev. Zool., 6, 1844. Guerin’s Mag. 30,1845, . = 10 
Orientalis (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat. Lp. 3673, : . 43 
Oriostoma, Munier-Chalmas. Jour, de Conch., 103, LST65 9 
Otis (Natica), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, 4, p. 372, . 43 


Ovoidea (Narica), Gould. Bost. Proce., vii, 44, : Tl 
Ovum (Natica), Menke. Zeitschr. f. Malakz., 1850, p- 165. 

— N. uber, Val. , 48 
Oxychone (Vanikoro), Morch. Mal. Blitt., xxiv, 94, “1877. 

? — V. striata, d’Orb. : : 69 


Pallens (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mal., 157, 1848. 

— N. helvacea, Lam. . 30 
Pallida (Natica), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour. i 7,4 D- 372, 37 
Pallidula (Natica), Brown. Conch. Great Britain. 

— Lacuna pallidula, Da Costa. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Pallium (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., i, p. 397, 1850. : 


== N. Powisiana, Recluz. . 
Panamaensis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 208, 
Papilla (Sigaretus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3675, No. 20, 10, 
Papyracea (Natica), Sowb. (not Busch). Thes. Conch., Sp. 
18, f. 149, 1883, : , , : : : : 
Papy racea (Nev evita), Busch. Philippi, Abbild., ii, 45, t. 2, 
Ed. = N.ampla, Phil. . , ; ; ; ; 
Pardalis (Natica), Phil. Zeitschr. f. Malakz , 1851, 46. 
?—N.fulminea,Gmel. . ; : F : 4 : 
Parvula (Natica), Guillou. Rev. Zool. Cuy. Soc., 1842, p. 105, 
Parvula (Neverita), Tapp. Can. Ann. Museo Civico. 
Genoa, viii, 324, : ; : : , 
Patagonica (Lunatia), Phil. Arch. f. Nat., 1845, p. 65, : 
Patagonica (Lamellaria), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, 
p- 32, pl. AN phe Oe : : 5 : 
Patula (N atica), Sowb. Zool. Jour. Bu leg 0) ay 6) 
= N. glauca, Humboldt, . : ; : : ; 
Pavimentum (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, 208. 
Payeni (Natica), Mab. et Rochebr. S10 Soc. Philom: pe 
104, 1884-5, 71, 5 
Payraudeautia, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. Moll. Rouss., 149, 
1883, : ! 6 


Pellis-Tigrina (Natica), Chemn. Coneh. Cab.., v, p- 265, pl. 


LS, 1 1892- 93, 2 . : : ‘ : 
Pellucida (Lamellaria), Verrill. Am. Jour. Se. 30 iSer.; 
xx, 395, 1880, : : ‘ E ‘ : 
Pellucidus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch: Icon., pl. v, £ 23, 
1864, . : : : é ; 5 : 
Pennata (Natica), Schrater. "Register, 1788, p. 72. 
S—ecanrena, Linn... ; ; : : : ; 
Perscalpta (Natica), Martens. Sitz -ber. Berlin, 1878, p. 25, 
Perspectivus (Sigaretus), Say. Am. Conch., pl. 25, p. 175, 
Perspicua (Natica), Recluz. Petit. Jour. de Conch., i, p. 
379, pl. 14, f. 1-2, 1850. — N. otis, Brod. and Sowb. 
Perspicua (Lamellaria), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1250, 1767, 
Pes-Elephantis (Natica), Pfr. Wiegm. Arch., 1840, i, p. 
254,289,non Ch. —N. lactea, Guild, : ‘ 4 
Pes-Elephantis (Natica), Chem. Conch. v, 5, pl. 186, f. 
1922-3. —N. columnaris, Recluz, . 
Petitii (Sigaretus), Recl. Shenu., Ill. Conch., pl. 2, Tf. a 
ee Martinianus, var., Reeve, . : ; 
Petitiana (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zak Proc., 138, 1843; 
Guerin’s Mag., 24, 1845. : 
Petiveriana (Natica), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 
sp. 17, 1855. — N. ampla, Phil. 


92 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Pfeifferi (Natica), Phil. Mke. Zeitsch., 1851, p. 45. 
— N. lactea, Guild, : 
Philippii | Sigaretus), ‘Weinkauff. Conch. Cabinet von Mart. 
and Chemn., 23, t. 5, f. 1=3, 1883, ~. 
Philippiana (Natica), Ny st. Bull. Ac. Roy. Bruxelles, xii, 
pt. ii, p. 153.. == N- lactea, Guild, 
Philippiana (Natica), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Con. Ie., 5, 
1885. —N. Josephine, Risso, 4 
Philippinensis (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc. Xv, 259, 
Phytelephas (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 42, 1855, 
Picta (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, Dp. 204, 
Pictus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pl. v, f. 24, 1864, 
Pisiformis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 18438, p. 213, 
Planus (Sigaretus), Phil. Neuer oder wenig gekannter 
Coneh., 1,-4.4), 121.4 "8, planulatus, Reeluz, 2 
Planulatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Ill. Conch. Sig., p. 21, pl. 
3 a4, : : : eee : : : ‘ 
Platyostoma, Conrad. Jour. Phila. Acad., viii, 275, 1842,. 
Platyostomella, Etheridge. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soe. ow 
163, 1879-80. atyostoma, 
Plicata (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc.1,;305 1843 ; “Rev. 
Zool., T, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 40, 1845. 
= V. ligata, Recluz, . 2 : : 3 : : 
Plicatilis (Velutina), Muller. Zool. Dau. prodr., 1776, 
Plicatula (Natica), Reeve (not Nuttall). Conch. eee is 
107, 1855. = N.sordida, eae ¢ ; 
Plicatula (Natica), Nuttall. Jay’s Cat. Shells, p. 68. 
— N. marochiensis, var. lurida, : 
Plumbea (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. (Desh, Ed. dv viii, P. 
632, 
Poliana (Natica), Chiaje. Scacchi, Catal. ; p. Wie 
= N. Alderi, Forbes, : 
Polinices, Montfort. Conch. Sy st., ii, 210, 1810. 
== — Mamma, Klein, ; ; 
Polita (Natien), Tenison Woods Proc Roy. ye Tasm., 
1875; 32, 1877, : 3 : , A 
Pomum (Natica ?), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1851, p. 234. 
?—N. heros, Say, . 
Porcellanea (Natica), d’Orb. Moll. Iles Canaries, p 84, 
pl. 6, f. 27,28. = N. lactea, Guild, 
Powisiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.2 210, 
Pretenuis (Sigaretus), Couthouy MS. Gould, Wilkes. 
Exp., p. 217, f. 260. == Lamellaria, . 
Prasina (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe. xv, 263, - 
Priamus (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 213,. 
Prietoi (Natica), Hidalgo. Moll. Esp. Lam., 20D, aos 
= N. marmorata, Ad. : : - - : - 


4 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


93 


Pritchardi (Natica), Forbes. Ann. and Mag. N. H. , 1852, oe 


x, p. 307. = N. marochiensis, var. Chemnitzii, Pfr. 
Problematica (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Icon. , Sp: 21, 1855. 
= N. ampla, Phil. 


Prodita (Marsenia), Lovén. Ofvers., 1847; Index,1846, 12, 


Producta (Lamellaria), Leach. Syn. Brit. Moll. Ann. Mag., 
fat. —- lu. perspicua,; Linn.’ . é : ‘ ‘ : 
Prolongata (Velutina), Cpr. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, 
Deo, i : : : : 3 
Proxima (Natica), ©. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. ILI. 
= N. canrena, Linn., juv. . : meee 
Pseudomaura, Fischer. Manuel de Conch. 167, 1885, 
Pseustes (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., XV, 200; 
Ptychostoma, Laube. Sitzb. Wien. Akad., liii, St.Cassian., 
ta, LoGG,: : 
Puella (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Natica, Taf. - eh 1. 
== N. lactea, Guild, . 
Puerilis (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. saviLls ». 44. 
=N. lactea, Guild, . 
Puerilis (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soe. N. He vii, at 
Pulchella (Natica), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 148, 
fet. 42. -— N. macilenta, Phil. 
Pulchella (Natica), Pfr. Arch. f. Nat. G., 1840, p. 254. 
—N. Sagraiana,d’Orb.  . : : ; é P 
Pulicaris (Natica), Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab., p. 90, t. 13, 
dene 2 ; : ; é ; ; : ‘ ge Eff 
Punctata (Natica), Swainson. Zool. Ill., t. 104. 
= N. fulminea, Gmel. . ; : : : ‘ : 
Punctata (Nerita), Karsten. Recluz, Jour. de Conch., 14, 
1864. — Natica millepunctata, Lam. 
Punctata (Coriocella), Stimpson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Paula. vil, 378, : : : : . 
Puncticulata (Lunatia), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ipo 9 ls 
1850, , : : ; i ‘ 
Purpurea (Amauropsis), ‘Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 124, 
Beis £16. Rant thot eerie cami 
Pusilla (Colpodaspis), M. Sars. Nyt Mag. for Naturvk., 17, 
p. 182, pl. 11, f. 1-6. = Cyprea Europea, juv. 
Pusilla (Natica), Say. Jour. Ac. N. Se. Phila., ii, p. 257, 
Pusilla (Natica), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll. 
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. . 
Pusio (Velutina), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
1860, p. 411, 
Putamen (Ruma), Meusch. ‘Adams’ Genera, i, 210, ; 
Pygmaea (Natica), Phil. Abbild. neuer Conch., i, ‘LI, t. 1, 
Peay. . : : 
Pyramis (Natica), Reeve. Conch. he? sp. 93, 1855, 


94 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Pyriformis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 211, 


— N. mammilla, L. 


Quadrifasciata (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey’s Voy., p. 187, 


Quoyi (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 137, 1843. 
= V. cancellata, Lam. 


Quoyiana (Vanikoro), A. Adams. ” Zool. Proe., 175, 1853. 


= V. Gaimardi, A. Ad. 


Radiata (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 258, 
Rangii (Lamellaria), Bergh. Mer., p. 94, No. 8, 1853, 
Rapulum (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 47, 1855. 
— N. dubia, Recluz, . 5 4g 
Ravida (Natica), Souleyet. “Voy. de la Bonite, p. 582, pl. 
35; fs. 12-15, 707 
Raynoldiana (Natica), Recluz. Sea Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 212, 
Raynevallia, Ponzi. —Sigaretus, Lam. . 
Recluziana (Vanikoro), Ad. vand Ang. Zool. Proc. 424, 1863, 
Recluziana (Natica), Desh. M ag. de Zool., 1841; Moll. pl. 
37, 


? = O.carnea, Kroyer, juv. : : : : : 
Reiniana (Natica), Dunker. Mal. Blatt., xxiv, 71, 1877. 
— N. Lewisii, Gould, 


Rhodocheila (Ruma), Adams and ‘Angas. Zool. Proce., 493, 


1863, 


Rhodostoma ( (Natica), Phil. Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv., 1843, p. 


117. —N. violacea, Sowb. 


ee Soran Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 


122, 1871; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 539, 1885, 
Rizzee (N atica), Phil. ae fur Mal. ae p. 108. 

— N. macilenta, Phil., var. : ; 3 
Robinsonia, Newly v= — Larina, A. Ad., Paludinidee. 
Robusta (Natica), Dkr. Mal. Bhitter, vi, p. 232. 

= N.ampla, Phil. . 

Rosea (Vanikoro), Recluz. “Zool. Proe., 140, 1843; Rev. 

Zool., 6, 1844; Guerin’s Mag., 36, 1845, . 
Rubro-maculata (Natica), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soe, ‘1871, 

p. 733, 

Rufa (Natica), Born. Mus., 398, t. 1%, re a 4, : 
Rufa (Nerita), Montagu (non Born). Suppl., p- 150, ‘te 30, 

f. 3. = Natica Montagui, Forbes. . 

Rufilabris (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ie., 103, 1855. 

— N. marochiensis, var. livida, . 3 
Rugata (Vanikoro), A. Adams. Zool. Proc. Td 1853, 
Rugosa (Stigmaulax), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, 270. 

— Natica suleata, Bour. : : 


Recondita (Onchidiopsis), Kroy er. Ampt. Ber., 115, 1847. 


PAGE. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Ruma, Chemn. H. and A. Adams’ Genera, i, 209, 1853. 


= Mamilla, Schum. : : ; : : : : 
Rumella, Bourguignat. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 89, 
1885, . : se hOr 
Rupicola (Velutina), Conrad. Jour, Acad. Phila., vi, 266, 
Poh i718. > —- V. levigata, Pennant, : , 


Russa (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. HE, Vii. 43. 
— N. clausa, Brod. and Sowb. . 
Russa (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. He vii, 43, 
Rutila (Natica), Macgillivray. Moll. Aberdeen, D. 126. 
= N. Montagui, Forbes, 


Sagittata (Natica), Menke. Moll. Nov. Holl., 10, 1843, 

Sagittifera (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., iii, D. 168, 
pl. viii, f. 4, 5, 1852. N. marochiensis, Gmel. . 

Sagraiana (Natica), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 34, pl. 18, f. 20 
and 22, : 

Salangoensis (Mamma), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., ‘1843, 
2115 —_N. otis, Brod. and Sowb. +. ; 

Samarensis (Ruma), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1843, 214. 
= N. Simia, Desh. : 

Sandalina (Natica), Guillou. Rev. Zook Cuv. Soc., 1849, 
p- 105, 


Sanguinolenta (Natica), Desh. Guer. Mag. ‘de Zool., 1841, 
p. 46. —N. melastoma, Swains. . : 

Sanguinolenta (Natica), Brusina. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. oxv; 
19. —N. millepunctata, Lam., var. : 


Scevogyra, Whitfield. Ann. Rep. Wisconsin, 1877, ; 
Sculpta (Natica), Martens. Sitz.-ber. Berlin, ‘1873, p. 24, 
Sebz (Natica), Souleyet. Voy. de la Bonite, p. 519, pl. 35, 
f.6,7. —N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. . 
Secunda (Natica), Mab. et Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom. 5 P 
104, 1884-5, : 
Semipellucida (Naticina), Marr. ~ Quart. Jour. “Conch., i 
_ al : , , ‘ 
Semiplicata (Vanikoro), Pease. Zool. Proc., 435, 1860. 
= V. clathrata, Recluz, , 
Semisoluta (Vanikoro), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. “‘Tcon., sp. 


Semistriata (Amaurella), BY ‘Ad. ‘Zool. Proc., 311, 1867. : 
Semisulcata (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey’s Voy., p. 187, 
Semperii (Chelyonotus), Bgh. Semper’s Voyage to hee 
pines, Bd. ii, pl. xli, f. 9, 
Senegalensis (Natica), Recluz. Jour. ‘de Conch., i ip. 382, 
pl. xiv, f.5. = N. fulgurans, Recl. : 
Septentrionalis (Natica), “Beck. Cat. Moll. Greenl., T. 
= N. clausa, Brod. et Sowb. : , : 


96 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Sertata (Natica), Menke. Moll. Nove Hollandiz, p. 10, 
1843, . - 
Severa '(Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soe. N. Hy vii, 43, 
Sigaretus, Lam. Prodr., 77, 1799, : : 10, 
Sigaretiformis (Velutina), Beck. Potiez and Mich., Gall. 
Moll., i, p. 508, pl. xxxv, f. 21, 22, 
Sigaretiformis (Vanikoro), Potiez and Mich. | Gal. des Moll., 
$. 39,,f..21, 22.° ? — V. clathrata: Recluz, 
Simiz (Natica), Desh. An.s. Vert., viii, p. 552, : 
Simioides (Natica), Recluz. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 76. 
—N.simiz, Desh. . 5 : “ : 
Sinensis (Natica), Lam. Moebius, Mauritius, 275. 
= N. Chinensis, Lam. : : - : : , : 
Sinuatus Pierre) Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ae 189, 
pl. 6, fs. 12 : 
Sitkensis CV clutins), Aad Proc. Zool. Soe. 1851 .D 283, 
Smithii (Natica), Brown. — N. flava, Gould, ‘ 
Solida (Vanikoro), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. , sp. 20, 1875, 
Solida (Velutina), Martens. Arch. f. Naturgeschichte, 1858, 
i, 150. = V. levigata, Penn., var. . 
Solida (Natica), Blainville. Malacologie, pl. 36, f. 8, 
Soluta (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. viii, 73, “1848, 
Sordida (Natica), Phil. Enum, Moll. Sicil., ii, 139, 1844, 
Sordida (Natica),Swains.,var. globosa. Gray Zool. Beechey’s 
Voy., plat, 10... == ZN, plumbea, Tuam.,” . 
Sordida (Natica), Swainson. Zool. Dit, ta 9: 
— N. plumhbea, Lam. : p : 
Souleyetiana (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., 1, 380; pL. 
xiv, f. 8. = N. marochiensis, Gmel. é 
Souleyetiana ‘(Vanikoro), Recluz. Guerin’s Mag., 67, 1845. 
= V. ligata, Recluz, 
Souverbiei (Sigaretus), Folin. Les Meleagrinicoles, »- 68, 
PLovicd BO. : : 
Spadicea (Natica), var B, Dill. Dese. Cat. 
— N. helvacea, Lam. : : 
Spadicea (Natica), Gmelin. ‘Syst. Nat., 13th Ed. 
= N. rufa, Born., var. 5 
Spirolineata (Lamellaria), Monterosato. Test. Nuovi Sicilia, 
Squalida (Natica), Macgillivray. Moll. Aberd., 126. 
— N. Montagui, Forbes, . : : : : : 
Stercus-muscarum (Natic ay Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3673, juv. 
— N. millepunctata, Lam. : ‘ 3 : : 
Stearnsii (Lamellaria), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., a ms 122, 
1871, : ‘ 
Stiomaulax, Mirch. Yoldi Cat., 133, 1852 
Stomatia, Hill. Hist. Anim., 119, 1752. — Sigaretus, ‘Lam. 


PAGE. 


53 
55 


67 


69 
51 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Stomatella (Lamellaria), Risso. Hist. Nat., iv, 252, 1826. 
= L. latens, Muller, 
Straminea (Mamma), Recluz, Jour. de Conch. ai} 201, “1851. 
= N. aurantia, Lam., var. : 
Strangei (Natica), Reeve. Conch. le: sp. 81, 1855. 
ray. leucophza, Reeve, 
Striata (Natica), Anton. Verzeichniss, p- 31, No. 1203, 
Striata (Vanikoro), d’Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 29, 31, 
Striata (Velutina), Macgillivray, Moll. Bee, 160, 1844. 
— V. levigata, Pennant, 
Stromii (Sivaretus), Sars. | Beskr. fhe ere 67, 1835. 
= Lamellaria latens, Mull. : 
Strophostylus, Hall Pal No Yeu, 303, 1859, 
Stylifera (Velutina), Flem. = — Stilifer Turtoni, Brad., 
Subcostata (Natica), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Linn. Soe. N. 
Sawn, 203, : 
Subfulva (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cab., 268. 
= N. orientalis, Gmelin, : 
Subplicata (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 39, 1885, ‘ 
Succineoides (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 73, 1855. 
= N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. f 
Suffusa (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ie. | 8p. 139, 1855, 


Suleata (Natica), Born. Test. Mus. Ces. Vindobonensis, 


Pe iy. f 5, 6, 


Stileata (Vanikoro), d’Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, 39, t. 11, 


f. 26-28, 1842 

Suturalis (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey’s Voy., pl 317, ae 
=N. pallida. Brod. and Sowb. : 

Suturalis (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., XV, 257, 


Teniata (Natica), Menke. Cat. 46, 1830. 
=N.alapapilionis,Chemn. . 

Taslei (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., 1853, p. 43, pl. 2, 
f.12,14. —N. Broderipiana, Recluz, 

Tasmanica (Natica), T.-Woods. Proce. oie Soe. Tasm., 
1875, 148; 32,1877, . : 

Tecta (Natica), Anton. Verzeichnis, p. 31, No, 1183, 


Tentaculata (Lamellaria), Montagu. Linn. "Trans. xi, 18; 


1811. =L. perspicua, Linn. 
Tenuis (Natica), Phil. Kiister’s Conch. Cab., 97, 1852. 
= N. Fortunei, Reeve, 


Tenuis (Lunatia), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., i,’p. 388, pl. 


Se ay 3 : : : 
Tenuis (Lamellaria), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool Soe., 45, 1885, 
Tessellata (Natica), Phil. Menke, Zeitschr., 1848, p- 158. 

= N. marochiensis, var, lurida, 

7 


98 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Texasiana, Phil. Zeitschr., 1848, p. 158. 


PAGE, 


as — Natica duplicata, Say, : 34 
Textilis (Natica), Reeve. Conch. ‘Te. sp. 115, 1855. 

— N. vittata, Gmelin, 25 
Tincturata (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 63, 1855. 

= N. pulicaris, Phil. 18 
Tongana (Limellaria), Quoy and Gainm. Voy. ‘Astrol., 

p- “217, t t. 66 bis, f. 4-8, : 62 
Tonganus, var. (Sigaretus), Quoy ‘and Gaim. Voy. Astrol., 

ii, “219, pl. 66, bis, f. 9. == Lamellaria Mauritiana, Bergh. 
Tournefortii (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., I 396, 

1850, : . : . o4 
Trachy ‘domia, Meek and Wiaeehen! 1866, 8 
Traillii (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Icon. , Sp. 137, 1855, 19 
Translucida (Lamellaria), Blainv. Dict. Se. Nat., xlix, 111,. 63 
Tricarinata (Vanikoro), Recluz. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 

pl. 482, f. 24,1884. = V. Orbignyana, Watt He 71 
Trifasciata (2 (Natica), Recluz. Adams’ Genera, i, 206. 

= N. maculata, Desh. J eld 
Tuberosa (Coriocella), Stimpson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., 

vii, 378. 

Tuberosissima (Vanikoro), Montagu. Test. Brit., 150, t. 

Dates lie fal 
Tumescens (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon. XY, pl. iv, f. 

18,1864, . . ; : eae 
Tychonia, de Koninck, 1881, ; 9 
Tylostoma, Sharpe. Quar. Jour. Geol. ‘Soe., Vi; 376, 1849, 9 
Uber (Natica), Val. in Obs. Geol. Humboldt, 1838, ii, p. 

266, . . 6, 46, 48 
Uberina (Natica), WOrb. Cuba, ii, p- 31, t. ag, f. eo 

= N. lactea, Guild, 49 
Uberina (Mamma), Valenc. Mem. ‘Geol. Humboldt; Recluz, 

Zool. Proc., 210, 1843. =N. uber, Val. 48 
Umbilicata (Natica), Se: Voy. Ast., i, p- 234, pl. 66, 

fs. 22-23, “ 52 
Undata (Natica), Phil. Archiv fiir Naturg., ; 160, 1852. 

— N. marochiensis, Gmel. : 23 
Undata (Natica), Meusch. Adams’ Genera, i Le 206, ‘ 54 
Undata (Morvillia), Brown. = Velutina zonata, Gould, 13 
Undulata (Natica), Pse. MSS. Zool. Proc., 516, 1865; Am. 

Jour. Conch., iii, 232. = N. marochiensis, Gmel. 

Undulatus (Sigaretus) Lischke. Malakl. Blatter, xix, 103. 

= §. incisus, Reeve. 

Unifasciata (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. Sacer Ed. de is 

640. = N. marochiensis, Gm. . “ 23 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 99 


PAGE, 
Unifasciatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chemn., Ill. ee 
3,f.1. =—S. Martinianus, Phil. 2 56 
Unimaculata (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic. , Sp. 85, 1855, |) iD 
Ustulata,(Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f 112 , 1883. 
= N.conica, Lam. . : : . 44 


Valenciennesii (Natica), Payr. Cat. Moll. Corse, pl. 5, 


f..23, 24. —N. intricata, Don. t ee ho 
. Vanikoro, Quoy and Gaimard. Zool. Voy. ‘Astrol., ii, 239, 
1832. = Narica, Recluz. 3 = SGT 
Vanikoropsis, Meek. Invert. Foss. Upper Mo., 1876, stile 
Variabilis (Natica), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Conch. "Ieon., 
sp. 104, 1855; Marrat, Quar. Jour. Conch., 1 2435.0, Bi | 


Varigera, d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Jur., ii, 29, 1850. 
= Tylostoma, Sharpe. 
Variolaria (Natica), Recluz. Reeve, Natica, No. 55. 


= N. pellis tigrina, Chem. ; 16 
Vavaosi (Natica), Le Guillou, MSS. Reeve, Conch. Icon.., 

Bp od. 1855. — N. Flemingiana, Recluz, - . . 50 
Velainia, Munier-Chalmas, isse == —- Cepatia, Sat : See 
Velutella, Gray. Zool. Proc., IDSG}A84T,. = : 20 *6T 
Velutina (Bulla), Muller. Zool. Dan., t. 101. a 

= Velutina levigata, Pennant, : 65 


Velutina, Fleming. Hist. Brit. Anim., 296, 1828, at. 125.65 
Venustula (Natica), Phil. Zeit. f. Mal., 1851, p. 48, : me kG 
Vesicalis (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mal. 159, 1848. 


e—Ncampla, Phil.  . : . : : - - . 30 
Vestalis (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 234. 

=N.mamillaria, Linn. . : ‘ : ‘ : . 49 
Virginea (Natica), Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab., 81, 1852. 

‘= N. mamilla, Linn. 49 
Virginea (Mamma), Recluz. Jour. de “Conch. a P. 388, pl 

xil, f. 6, 1850. — N. uber, Val. : 48 


Violacea (Natica), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., i 54 Pte Lg | 
Vitellus (Natica), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1952, re, 
Vitrea (Natica), Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll. N. Zeal. »p- 21, 54 
Vitrineformis (Vanikoro), Mirch. Mal. Blatt., xxiv, 93, 


fit. ¢— V.striata,d’Orb. . ~ 69 
Vittata (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat. , Sp. 3674, : Sa 
Vittata (Natica), Jeff. Ann. Mag. N. ere 1877, xix, 318. 

= N. clausa, Br. and Sowb., var. . Aig i 


Xantha (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 262, . 53 


Zanzibarica (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 
" 213. =N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. F 50 
Zebra (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. (Desh. Ed.), viii, p. 643, 16 


100 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Zelandica (Natica), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astr., ii, p. 237, 


pl. 66, fs. ll and 12, . 3 


Zoologica (Mamma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., i, 


272, pl. v, f. 6, 1872, 


Zonalis (Natica), Recluz. Jour. de Coneh.. i 386, pl. xiy, 


£9, 1051850). ce 

Zonalis (Sigaretus), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astrol., vol, ii, 
p- 221, pl. 66 bis, f. 1-8. =S. levigatus, Lam. 

Zonaria (Natica), Lam. An.sans Vert. (Edit. Desh. ‘ Vill, 
643. = N: ala-papilionis, Chem. 


Zonata (Velutina), Gould. Invert. Mass., “Ae 249, f. 160; 


E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xx, 131, 1877. 

Zonatus (Sigaretus), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 38. 

Zonifera (Lamellaria), Bergh. Mem. Acad. Copenhagen, 335, 
1853. = L. perspicua, Linn. 


PAGE, 


Famity CALYPTRZIDZ. 


Shell limpet-like, with a more or less spiral apex, interior 
simple or partly occupied by a shelly process, variously shaped, 
to which the adductor muscles are attached. 

Animal with a distinct head and lengthened muzzle; eyes near 
the external base of the tentacles; only one branchial plume is 
developed. 

The bonnet-limpets are found adhering to stones and shells ; 
most of them appear never to quit the spot on which they first 
settle, as the margins of their shells become adapted to the 
irregularities of the surface beneath, whilst some wear away the 
space beneath their foot, and others secrete a shelly base. The 
form and color of the shell both depend somewhat upon the situ- 
ation in which it grows; those found on the inside of the mouth 
of dead shells are generally flat or even concave above and 
white; those attached to the outside of shells are convex and 
colored. The animal is supposed to feed on sea-weed and ani- 
malcules; and an individual kept alive in a glass by Professor 
Forbes, ate a small nudibranch (Goniodoris), its fellow prisoner. 
Both Calyptrza and Pileopsis sometimes cover and hatch their 
spawn under the forepart of the foot. The inner process or shelf 
of the shell forms a support for the viscera. The branchia of 
this family is composed of narrow, rigid filaments, and Gray has 
created for this type the division Plocamobranchia. 


Subfamily Calyptreine. 


Muzzle slit at its extremity ; tentacles subulate, carrying eyes 
near their base; foot short, rounded oval; the single branchia 
finely and deeply pectinated ; adductor muscle horse-shoe shaped 
or oval; jaws rudimentary; radula with a subquadrangular 
middle tooth, the margin pectinated, the central cusp longer; 
lateral teeth with denticulate margins ; marginals narrow, curved, 
denticulate (plain in Capulus). 

Shell conic, patelliform, the summit more or less spiral; 

(101) 


102 CALYPTRAIDA. 


interior polished, porcellanous, simple or chambered by a dia- 
phragm or variously shaped process, supporting the viscera; 
peristome entire. No operculum or attached base. 


Subfamily Hipponycine. 


Animal without foot, properly so-called; adductor muscle 
fixed to the interior of the shell above, and below either to the 
substratum excavated in the surface of the body on which the 
mollusk is attached, or to a ventral calcareous opercular-like 
piece which completely closes the aperture; inferior surface of 
the body encircled by a sort of ventral mantle with papillary 
margins, resembling the dorsal mantle and morphologically cor- 
responding to the epipodium; muzzle long, deeply incised and 
terminated by two lateral lobes; tentacles long, subulate, the 
eyes sessile towards their base; a spatuliform growth below the 
neck; radula as in Calyptreine, the marginal teeth denticulated. 

Shell conical, peristome simple, with or without an internal 
process attached at the apex, but an opercular piece normally 
forms the base to the shell and is soldered to the surface of the 
body on which it lives attached. The embryonic Hipponyx has 
a spiral shell. 

These gastropods have so aberrant an appearance that they 
have been classed as Rudistes (Sowerby), and Brachiopoda 
(Morris), the opercular piece being taken for a ventral valve. 


Synopsis of Genera. 
I—CALYPTRAIN A. 
Genus CRUCIBULUM, Schum., 1817. 


Differs from Calyptrea (described below), in having an in- 
ternal cup-shaped lamina, the margin of which is entire, and 
which is attached on one side to the inner wall of the shell. 
Temperate and tropical seas. 

Dentition, Pl. 30, fig. 2. 

The synonyms are Trelania, Catillina, and WNeleta, Gray, 
1867; Dispotza, Say, 1826, and Calypeopsis, Lesson, 1830. 

Section BicaTiILLus, Swainson, 1840. 

Cup open and reduced to a curved lamina, adhering for its 
entire length. Indian Ocean. Fossil in the miocene of Aqui- 


CALYPTR AIDA. 103 


taine. The development of the cup appears to be arrested in 
this group; but I am inclined to believe that this is not always 


the case. 
Genus CALYPTRAA, Lam., 1799. 


Shell conical, trochiform, with central, spiral apex, aperture 
basal, circular, entire ; interior furnished with a spiral diaphragm, 
the columellar margin of which is twisted, forming a false 
umbilicus, free margin convex. 

The animal (P1. 30, fig. 7) has a short head, the muzzle bilobed, 
tentacles rather short, cylindrical, with the eyes on tubercles 
at their exterior base ; foot short, rounded, obtuse behind, angu- 
lar in front. 

Dentition, Pl. 30, fig. 3. 

The recent species are tropical and subtropical in their distri- 
bution; fossil, the genus first appears in the lower Cretaceous. 
Galerus, Humphrey, 1797, and Mitella, Leach, are synonyms. 


Subgenus GALERopsis, Conrad. 


Spire more elevated. G. excentricus, Gabb. Eocene. 


Subgenus InrunpisuLuM, Montfort, 1810. 


Summit central, whorls plicate, axis imperforate. 

Tropical and subtropical. Found in the tertiary of the United 
States and West Indies. Trochita, Schum., 1817, Trochatella, 
Lesson, 1830, and Clypeola, Gray, 1867, are synonyms. 


Subgenus S1gapaTELLA, Lesson, 1830. 


Shell oval with lateral apex, interior plate with submarginal 
axis, the free margin concave. Haliotoidea, Swains., 1840, and 
Trochella, Gray, 1867, are synonyms. 


Genus CREPIDULA, Lam., 1799. 


Shell oval, limpet-like, with a posterior, generally lateral spiral 
apex ; interior with a lamina or shelf, covering the posterior half 
of the aperture. 

Animal with head depressed, laterally dilated, muzzle short, 
bilobed, tentacles short, subulate; foot short, subtruncate in 
front, rounded behind. 

Dentition, Pl. 30, fig. 4. 


104 CALYPTRAIDA. 


Adhering to shells or stones, and modifying the form and 
surface of their shells in accordance with the inequalities 
of their place of attachment; thus, the same species will be 
convex if on the outside of a Natica, concave if on its inte- 
rior wall, ribbed in either direction, according to its attachment 
on the exterior of a Pecten, etc.; others again are attached in 
groups one over another on each others’ shell. 

The distribution is world-wide; the individual species have a 
wide range, which, added to their great variability, as in 
attached shells generally, has caused an enormous specific 
synonymy. Generically, the synonyms include Sandalium, 
Schum., 1817, Crypta, Humphrey, 1797, Tylacus and Lyro- 
scapha, Conrad, Crepipatella, Lesson, 1830, Proscenula, Perry, 
1811. 

The following sections are founded on characters of little 
importance or stability : 


Section Garnomta, Gray, 1867. 
Apex median, posterior, detached and distant from the 
peritreme. 


Section Crypra (Gray, in part, 1867), Fischer, 1885. 

Surface spinose. 

Section Ianacus, Morch, 1852. ° 

Shell depressed or’ concave above, apex posterior, but 
slightly lateral. 


Section SrpHopaTELLA, Lesson, 1830. 

Lamina produced in front, its columellar margin subtubular. 
Ergea, H. and A. Adams, 1854, and Noicia, Gray, 1867, are 
synonyms. 


Section Sprrocrypra, Gabb, 1864. 

Summit of shell posterior, lateral, submarginal, spiral; 
internal plate attached to the margin on the lower or outer 
side, curving upwards and inwards, and uniting with the oppo- 
site side at a considerable distance. The plate is subspiral, 
thus approaching Infundibulum and Galerus. C. pileum, 
Gabb (Struct. and Syst. Conch., t. lxiv, f. 78). 

Cretaceous of California. 


CALYPTRAIDA. 105 


[Genus GALERICULUS, Seeley. 


This genus has two distinct septa, the larger one originating 
below the incurved apex, the smaller one at the base. Only the 
cast is as yet known; the shell has the form of a Helcion, but 
its upper surface has not been observed. G. altus, Seeley 
(S. and S. Conch., t. lxiv, f. 79). Cretaceous. | 


Genus CAPULUS, Montfort, 1810. 


Shell conical, provided with epidermis, apex posterior and 
directed to the right, more or less spirally curved; aperture 
basal, the lip continuous, no interior process, the horseshoe- 
shaped muscular impression on the inner wall. 

Animal with lengthened rostrum; tentacles subulate, with 
the eyes on bulgings at their outer bases; mantle margin 
fringed ; foot suborbicular, simple; gill-plume placed obliquely 
_ across the mantle-cavity, the elongate linear laminz partly 
exposed. Central tooth of the radula trapezoidal, the reflected 
margin triangular, having a long sharp median and very fine 
lateral cusps, laterals multicuspidate, marginals simple (PI. 30, 
2) 

The few species inhabit the seas of Europe, the East and 
West Indies, Western America, etc. Fossil, the genus com- 
menced with the Silurian, and about twenty species are known. 

These animals are said to feed on the seaweed that grows 
around them, and on small marine organisms. They appear to 
have but limited locomotion, being usually adherent and modi- 
fying the margin of the aperture of the shell according to the 
surface on which they live. Sometimes they wear away the 
surface beneath their foot, forming shallow excavations, or they 
secrete an imperfect shelly base by means of that organ. The 
egg-cases are membranous and are attached in a tuft at the 
front of the foot under the neck. 

Pileopsis, Lam., 1812, and Actita, Fischer de Waldheim, are 
synonyms. 

Section CapuLacma, M. Sars. 

Shell thin, patelliform, with thin epidermis; apex not spiral, 
somewhat inclined to the right and posteriorly. Boreal Seas. 
Piliscus, Lovén, 1859, and Pilidium, Midd., not Forbes, are 
synonyms. 


106 CALYPTRAIDA. 


Section Broccata, Bronn, 1827. 

Irregularly conical, apex slightly spiral, directed to the left; 
left margin with a profound sinus, its posterior half folded. 
Tertiary, 2 sp. C. sinuosa, Bronn (8S. and §S. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 
80). A single living species is mentioned but not described as 
C. reductus, Desh., Isle of Bourbon. 

Section Tuyca, H. and A. Adams, 1854. 

Shell conical, longitudinally grooved, transparent, slightly 
curved. Indian Ocean, a single species on Asteria. 


Subgenus Meroproma, Phillips, 1836. 


Shell depressed, conical, elliptical, truncated behind, apex not 
spiral, posterior, slightly inclined posteriorly. Carboniferous, 
Europe, United States. C. solaris, Kon. (S. and 8. Conch., t. 
Ixxxiv, f. 52). 

In the above-named work I included this among the sections 
of Patella, which it resembles exteriorly; the muscular im- 
pression is like that of Capulus. Tryblidium, Lindstrom, 
1880, is a synonym. 


[Subgenus SprricELLA, Rang., 1828. 


Shell flattened, elongated, with a sinistrally situated apex, 
and a corresponding cavity in the interior; muscular impression 
very indistinct. 

C. ungutculus, Rang. (S. and S. Conch., t. lxv, f. 96, 97). 
Miocene, France. 

The relations of this group are obscure; it may belong near 
Umbrella. | 

Genus AMATHINA, Gray, 1842. 


Shell depressed, oblong; apex posterior, not spiral, with 
three strong ribs radiating from it to the anterior margin which 
is produced into three points. 

Animal with elongated head, the eyes sessile on the margin 
behind the short tentacles; mantle margin entire, a tentacular 
median filament at the hind part. Indian Ocean. 


Genus PLATYCERAS, Conrad, 1840. 


Shell depressed subglobose, subovoid or obliquely subconical ; 
spire small; volutions few, sometimes free and sometimes con- 


CALYPTRAIDA, 107 


tiguous, without columella; aperture more or less expanded, 
often campanulate, and sometimes with the lip reflexed ; peris- 
tome entire or sinuous. Surface striated or cancellated, often 
spirally ridged or plicate, and sometimes strongly lamellose 
transversely, nodose or spiniferous. 

There are fifty fossil species, Silurian to Carboniferous. 
United States, Europe. P. ventricosum, Conr. (S. and 8. Conch., 
t. lxiv, f. 81, 82). As Platyceras was parasitic on crinoids and 
other marine organisms, the shells are very frequently deformed. 
The subglobose species resemble the Velutinz, but there is 
every degree of variation in form between these and non-spiral 
shells. From among these, the following groups have been 
rather arbitrarily separated. Acroculia, Phillips, 1841, is a 
synonym; in the opinion of some naturalists, Conrad’s name 
(being preoccupied in insecta) should yield to this. 


Section OrtHoNnycutA, Hall, 1843. 

Body of the shell straight or curving, gradually diminishing 
above, arched or in some degree spiral at the apex, with the 
last volution or more quite free. P. spirale, Hall (S. and S. 
Conch., t. lxiv, f. 83). 

Section Igocrras, Hall, 1859. 

Shell cancellated and often plicate. P. pileatum, Conr. Si- 
lurian, U. S. 


Section Exoayroceras, Meek and Worthen, 1868. 
Shell sinistrally spiral, with rudimentary columella. P. 
reversum, Hall. 


[Genus DIAPHOROSTOMA, Fischer, 1885. 


Under this new name, Dr. Fischer includes Platyostoma, 
Conrad (not Klein, etc.), and its section Strophostylus in this 
subfamily. I have placed it in Naticide, p. 9.] 


[ADDISONIA, Dall, 1882. 


Dr. Fischer has included this patelliform genus here on 
account of its lingual dentition, and the existence of a male 
copulatory organ ; for both conchological and anatomical reasons 
I prefer to retain it near Fissurella. ] 


108 CALYPTRAIDA, 


Il.—_ HI PPONYCIN &. 
Genus HIPPONYX, Defrance, 1819. 


Shell thick, obliquely conical, non-spiral, apex somewhat pos- 
terior and directed backwards, surface rugose or longitudinally 
grooved or cancellated ; muscular impression horse-shoe shaped ; 
base of attachment (opercular piece) when present, thick. 

Animal oval or suborbicular, conical or depressed ; foot very 
thin, a little thickened towards the margins ; head globose, sepa- 
rated from the body by a neck-like constriction; eyes upon 
swellings of the tentacles. 

Dentition, Pl. 30, fig. 6. 

Distribution: Warmseas. Fossil: Cretaceous, Hocene. U.S., 
Europe. 

The synonyms are Cochlolepas, Klein, 1753; Krebsia, Morch., 
and Amalthea, Schum., 1817. 

The same species will either excavate a cavity to which it 
adheres, or secrete a testaceous support. The section Amalthea 
was formed for certain species which were supposed to differ 
from Hipponyx in not secreting a shelly base, but forming 
instead a cavity in the surface of shells. 


Genus MITRULARIA, Schum., 1817. 


Shell conical, more or less irregular with a subcentral, sub- 
posterior, subspiral apex ; interior with a central, half cup-shaped 
lamina, open in front, free on the sides, attached at the apex; 
basal plate thickened. 

Animal with broad muzzle, tentacles lanceolate, with eyes 
externally near their base, the neck lobed on either side. 

Inhabits temperate and tropical seas, distribution world-wide. 
The synonymy includes Cemoria, Risso; Mitrella, Trochilina, 
Trelania and Foculina, Gray, 1867; Lithedaphus, Owen, and 
Calyptrea, Lam., 1801, not 1799. Lamarck at the later date 
adopted for his type a species belonging to the present group to 
which it has since been generally applied, whilst the name of 
Galerus, Humphrey, has been the received designation for the 
Calyptrea, Lam., of 1799. I follow Dr. Fischer in correcting 
this matter, and like him displace the earlier but ill-founded 
name of Humphrey for the latter. 


OALYPTREIDA. 109 


[Genus HARTTIA, Walcott, 1884. 


A cast indicating a patelliform shell within which extends a 
low broad ridge, originating at one end and supports a broad, 
subcordate shield-like expansion covering most of the other end. 
H. Matthewi, Walcott (P1. 30, fig. 1), Cambrian, St. John, N. B. 
A group of doubtful affinities. | 


The following extracts from a lecture by P. P. Carpenter, 
delivered under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution, and 
printed in its Annual Report for 1859, scarcely require apology 
for their introduction here, in view of their intrinsic interest. 
Carpenter and Dr. Gray agree in making large reductions from 
the number of published species, although, as a matter of course, 
they differ somewhat in detail. 

“The Calyptreids (‘slipper’ and ‘cup-and-saucer’ limpets) 
found on the Spondylus valves are the most beautiful and varied 
that are known in any part of the world. The shells are large 
and thin, delicately furrowed and as it were engine-turned, with a 
profusion of tubercles, which sometimes rise up into long hollow 
spines. The colors vary from white to a rich black-brown, or 
are variously mottled with sienna, while the shape may be either 
an elevated cone ora widely spreading disk. Sometimes the same 
individual will begin with one form and sculpture-pattern, and 
suddenly change to another; others again seem to develop per- 
manent and widely differing varieties. Occasionally a starved or 
diseased Mazatlanian will present the aspect which is normal on 
the colder shores of South America; exchanging its thin texture 
and delicate sculpture for a coarse, solid, and nearly smooth 
Shell. So far the views lately propounded with such ability by 
the celebrated author of the ‘ Voyage of the Beagle’ meet with 
sufficient confirmation; and yet amid all its changes, there is a 
habit of growth, hard to describe and yet easily recognized by 
the practiced eye, which not only unites the most aberrant forms, 
but at once separates them from neighboring species found on 
the same coast and appearing very similar to the common ob- 
server. The ordinary plan of only preserving in collections a 
few picked specimens displaying marked peculiarities, is by no 
means favorable to the elimination of truth in reference to spe- 


110 CALYPTRAID A. 


cific variation. These extreme forms are very naturally described 
as distinct species, the intermediate connecting links not passing 
before the view of the naturalist. On showing to a distinguished 
author a carefully eliminated suite of Mazatlan specimens con- 
necting the smooth, thin, flat Crepidula squama, Brod., with 
the coarse, arched, laminated C. Lessonii, passing through the 
forms C. nivea, C. B. Ad., and C. striolata, Mke., he complained 
that I had ‘ kept all the puzzling shells.’ In the very useful work 
of Messrs. H. and A. Adams, on the ‘Genera of Recent Mol- 
lusca,’ these forms appear under different subgenera. It is not 
fair to blame authors for these mistakes, which naturally result 
from the imperfection of the material on which they work. 
But the prevalence of such errors should lead us to embrace 
every opportunity of studying large numbers of specimens, both 
from the same and different localities. Patience, accuracy, and 
honesty may thus render as valuable service to science as bril- 
liant genius, and may supply the materials from which some 
master-mind may hereafter develop the most important generali- 
zations. 

‘‘ Those who describe species from minute differences founded 
on individual specimens, might do well to study the plates ap- 
pended to the ‘B. A. Report on the West Coast Mollusca.’ 
Take e. g. the Crucibulum spinosum, pl. 9. The shell is at first 
spiral, like a snail. It then surrounds its entire margin with a 
rim, which is the first beginning of what in the adult becomes 
the ‘saucer’ or outside shell; that is the hardened skins of the 
animal’s body (for the shells are not to be regarded as a house, 
constructed for the animal to live in, but as an integral part of 
the animal itself, like the feathers of birds or our own nails and 
hair). At the same time it raises a slight lamina from the labi- 
um or ‘ pillar-lip’ which ultimately becomes the ‘cup.’ At first, 
however, it is like the ‘deck’ in the Slipper limpets, from some 
species of which it can scarcely be then distinguished. The 
Crepidulz, however, continue their deck in a horizontal direc- 
tion, while the Crucibulum turns the edges upwards at a more 
or less obtuse angle. Gradually during the progress of adoles- 
cence, this angle becomes right and then acute, the outer shell 
meanwhile taking various forms, round, oblong, or irregular, 
according to the nature of the surface to which it has chosen to 


CALYPTRAID A. Halal 


adhere. Often this immature state is continued to a late period ; 
if permanent it would belong to the subgenus Dispoteea (Say), 
of Messrs. Adams. But normally the sides of the cup close in, 
while its body becomes greatly swollen in front. This cup now 
assumes the form which is always characteristic of the species 
under every modification of external growth; being well rounded 
in C. imbricatum, angular at the side in C. spinosum, and with 
the sides flattened against each other in C. radiatum. In C. 
rude, the adolescent stage is very soon completed and the cup 
is permanently detached from the side of the shell, forming a 
veritable ‘cup and saucer,’ one too after the fashion so prevalent 
in America, where the cup-handle has never been formed. It is 
a remarkable fact in geographical distribution, that the forms 
intricatum and rude, which are typical in the west tropical 
fauna of Central America, reappear but very sparingly on the 
Caribbean shores; while C. spinosum, which is far more common, 
more variable and more widely distributed being found (under 
various names) from California to Chili has not yet been dis- 
covered on the eatern side. 

“ Again, the C. radiatum, which is the most delicately formed 
of the whole group, confines itself to the equatorial western 
seas, not having been found further north than the Panama dis- 
trict. An extremely remarkable specimen of C. spinosum was 
dredged by Mr. Cuming in comparatively deep water. The net 
brought up a large stone with a small hole in it, on looking 
down which Mr. Cuming perceived a number of spines, as 
though a sea-urchin was lodging there. A blow of the hammer 
discovered the existence of a large cavity within, communica- 
ting with the external world only through this narrow opening. 
In the hollow of this cavity lay the limpet, turned as it were 
nearly inside out. The creature had gone to live there when 
young, and being of sedentary habits, it had not occurred to 
him that he might be imprisoned for life by his own corpulence, 
else he would probably have made his escape before he had 
grown too large. As it was, he grew larger and larger, and as 
the walls of his prison rose up round him on every side, he was 
obliged to flatten out his shell till it became a plate, instead of a 
cone. At the same time, his body protruding into the hollow, 
the cup protruded along with it till it stood considerably 


112 OALYPTRAIDA, 


beyond the shell, of which it was normally an inside partition. 
Thus our Calyptreid was fixed as immovably as any Pholas, but 
with this difference in their condition: that the Pholas, being 
designed for that kind of life, is not troubled with useless heads 
and eyes, and, moreover, is furnished with two long pipes to 
convey the water to and from the mouth and gills; while the 
Crucibulum had eyes simply to stare at the wall in the dark, 
feelers to push the stone, and a long ribbon tongue, armed with 
hundreds of teeth, to rasp the water. And while encumbered 
with these unnecessary appendages he had not the benefit of 
water-pipes, to bring what alone this lock-jawed subject had to 
feed upon. For this want, however, the economy of the animal 
provided a remedy. The C. spinosum in its normal growth is 
either spinose or not; the flatter forms being almost always 
smooth. The spires are developed from prolongations of the 
mantle (or thin shell-bearing skin of the animal), which appear 
at irregular intervals, though in regular pattern. Sometimes 
the whole shell is covered with crowded prickles C. hispidum, 
Brod.), sometimes a few long spines appear at the edge on one 
side of the otherwise smooth shell. Sometimes the spines are 
few, large and hollow (C. tubiferum, Less.), each of the outer 
row communicating through a hole within the inner margin, 
which is afterwards filled up. Our prisoner worked for his 
living by constructing very large, long and open spine-pipes, 
which, instead of standing up at right angles to the shell, were 
directed back towards the narrow opening in the stone. It 
would appear that by this means the animal was simply supplied 
with nourishment, for the shell was above the ordinary size. 

“The most common Calyptreid on the backs of our Spon- 
dylus valves, however, was Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. It was 
first described from West Indian specimens, which are generally 
dead and worn in collections, and afterwards re-described from 
fine West Coast shells, as C. hystriz and C. echinus, Brod. 
The stunted northern form was named C. Californica by 
Nuttall. 

‘‘ Perfect specimens brought by Mr. Dyson from Honduras 
correspond so exactly with those from Mazatlan that it is hardly 
possible to resist the impression that they are identical. Speci- 
mens from South Africa, from Sydney (Australia) and from the 


CALYPTRAIDA. 113 


Pacific Islands, also present no marks of specific distinction. 
It appears to be one of the ubiquitous species, of which several 
are found in various genera, and some are known to have existed 
far back in time. 

“The Crepidula not only undergoes the changes of form from 
nearly flat to deeply arched, but from obese to elongated, which 
every observer of the common slipper-limpet of the Atlantic 
(C. fornicata, abundant from the icy shores of the St. Lawrence 
to the tropical waters of the Gulf of Mexico) knows to prevail 
in that species ; but in sculpture it may either be crowded with 
short spines (C. echinus, Brod.), or have a few radiating lines 
of longer spines with nodulous interstices (C. hystrix, Brod.), 
or be covered with an irregular mass of spiny knobs (normal 
state), or lose the spines altogether in roughened striz (smooth- 
water form), or even become almost destitute of sculpture, like 
some northern specimens of the stunted variety (C. Californica, 
Nuttall). Through all these changes it is recognized by its 
spiral stomattelloid growth exemplifying a section of the genus, 
the extreme forms of which approach Trochita; and by its 
beautifully waved deck-margin, which resembles a ~+»~~. The 
pointed centre, as the shell increases in size, generally leaves a 
characteristic line on the surface of the deck, passing up to the 
vertex. But often the point is rounded off, and even degener- 
ates into a broad wave. In one specimen co-ordinate with this 
degeneracy, a sharp angle was abnormally formed on one of the 
sides, so as to give the margin the aspect of a brace turned the 
wrong way, thus -.~ ; a very good specific distinction, if no 
intermediate specimens had been found. A series of deck- 
margins belonging to this and the following species, will be 
found represented on plate 8 of the British Association Report, 
Fig. 1, f.3,g. The best means of distinguishing the species of 
slipper-limpets from each other was found to be the shape of the 
nuclear portion and the mode of growth of the very young shell. 
Whatever be the abnormal character of the adult, it did not 
appear that the offspring had a tendency to the same degeneracy, 
but rather to the resumption of the normal type. In the case of 
local varieties, the peculiarities are reproduced, because they 
depend on circumstances which affect all alike. But in such cases 
as those under consideration, where the extremes and all the 


114 CALYPTRAIDA. 


intermediate forms of variation are found in the same locality, 
the changes depending on the accidents of individuals, it is not 
yet proved that the idiosyncrasies are transmitted. In fact, the 
frequent instances in which the individual itself changes its 
form and sculpture at different periods of its life, is against 
such a hypothesis. 

“Tt is a fact worth noticing that while some species of shells 
are extremely variable, others, inhabiting the same localities, are 
very constant in their characters. These are seldom widely 
diffused, and are often rare in individuals. A few young speci- 
mens of such species were found among the slipper-limpets on 
the spondyli; but the bulk of the specimens belonged either to 
C. aculeata, which, as we have seen, is a somewhat ubiquitous 
species, or to C. nivea, which, under many shapes and many 
names, spreads over the principal parts of the Pacific coast of 
America, representing there the very distinct C. fornicata of the 
Atlantic. Two extreme forms were described by Broderip, from 
Mr. Cuming’s collection; the one, C. squama, thin, flat, and 
smooth; the other, C. Lessonii, solid, often arched, and covered 
with concentric lamine. These sometimes appear at regular 
intervals, and seem to be the normal and unique sculpture of the 
shell. It appears, however, that C. sgquama (which is the calm- 
water form), if exposed to rougher influences, arches its back, 
adds layer after layer of porcellanous matter, hiding the color 
é rays, and leaving the margin like the edge of a quire of paper. 
Now, if co-ordinate with this laying on of extra coats, the crea- 
ture advances forward, turning up the previous portion, the form 
Lessonii is produced; in general very roughly and irregularly, 
which is the C. striolata of Menke, but sometimes very delicately, 
with fine sculpture between the lamin as described by Brod. It 
is common to find shells living for some time as squama, and 
suddenly plunging into the Lessonii types, with one or two 
strong lamin. Every stage of intermediate form was found 
among the Mazatlan shells. The degraded specimens of the 
Chilian seas form a part of the C. protea of d’Orbigny—a 
convenient receptacle, as the type specimens in the British 
Museum show, for the dead and puzzling shells which the 
author did not know where else to place. The ordinary condi- 
tion, intermediate between the extremes first described, is C. 


CALYPTRAIDA. 115 


nivea of C.B. Adams. As it is the normal state, the usual rules 
of priority have been set aside, and C. nivea taken for the name 
of the species, leaving squama and Lessonii for the principal 
varieties. The White Slipper is known under all forms (when 
in good condition), by its shaggy, light-green skin, and by the 
very peculiar character of the nuclear whirls. These are 
remarkably small, though the shell is large, standing out from 
the surface, of a reddish tinge, and crowded with regular trans- 
verse ribs. The characters have been observed in specimens of 
all the forms, although the influences which produce Lessonii 
drawing the shell away from the vertex, generally lead to its 
abrasion. Sometimes the White Slipper goes to live, when 
young, into the empty burrow of a boring mussel. In these 
cases, as soon as it has grown to the width of its cave, it is 
obliged to develop itself longitudinally, at the same time turning 
up its sides in the vain attempt to get more room. The corres- 
ponding slipper limpet of the California coast appears to have a 
special fancy for this mode of life, as most of the specimens 
sent have assumed the form now described. It was first found 
by Mr. Nuttall, and distributed by him a C. exuviata. It was so 
published in Dr. Jay’s catalogue. Dr. Gould, however, figured 
and described it as C. explanata. It had been previously figured 
by Valenciennes, in the Voyage de la Venus, as C. perforans, 
that author supposing that it had made the burrow in which it 
was found. The designation representing an untruth, it must 
yield to the latest name, which alone is accompanied by a de- 
scription. A very singular groove, not found in the Mazatlan 
Specimens, appears in all the specimens of C. explanata, and 
gives name to the shell. It is, however, a mere accident of 
growth, differing in every individual, and often not appearing 
till the animal approaches maturity. A specimen in situ, in the 
Smithsonian Institution, fortunately reveals the cause of this 
unique appearance. ‘The creature goes to live in at the outer or 
pipe-end of the burrow of a bivalve, which remains at the other 
end after the animal has perished. The growth of the shell is 
normal till it has attained the breadth of the pipe, be that greater 
or less. It then increases down the pipe, the vertex of the shell 
being always turned towards the outerend. There is no groove 
at this period of its growth, and when the vertex is rubbed off 


116 CALYPTR MID. 


(as it generally is in elongated specimens), it can hardly be dis- 
tinguished from similar specimens of the White Slipper. But 
as soon as it has reached the bottom of the pipe, where the 
dead bivalve (generally a Petricola, a creature with rather short 
siphons), still remains undecomposed, it suddenly encounters an 
unexpected obstacle. It wedges itself under this (to it) mighty 
globe, and turns its delicate mantle, exuding the shelly skin up 
the sides of the cavity, but in vain. There is nothing for it but 
to retrace its steps, and back out. As it does so, every new 
portion formed under the arched bivalve repeats the previous 
concave impression, and the grooved slipper is the result. The 
sharp instrument of the explanation of one author, and the 
“ yerforation”’ of the other, is nothing but the little rounded 
“clam” tightly wedged at the bottom of its burrow; and the 
same slipper-limpet freely developed under unconstrained influ- 
ences, is probably the C. navicelloides of Nuttall, to ascertain 
the characters of which we are still in want of perfect specimens. 

“To return to the White Slipper on the back of our Thorn 
Oyster. Among the young shells which appear to the naked 
eye to be the young C. nivea, were some which under the micro- 
scope displayed a much larger but smooth and imbedded nuclear 
portion. On comparing these with similarly situated specimens 
from the west coast of Africa and from other places, I found 
them exactly identical. They probably belong to the C. ungut- 
formis of Lamarck. Now, it so happens that Prof. C. B. Adams, 
who in general described every shell of Atlantic types as a new 
species, if found on the Pacific coast, in this one instance felt 
constrained to adopt the Lamarckian name for the unguiform 
Slippers of Panama. It is not certain that in this one instance 
he was correct. Some of the specimens he distributed under 
the name are undoubtedly compressed and inverted forms of his 
own QC. nivea; for every species may take the form of ungut- 
formis when grown inside of a dead spiral shell, especially with 
a dead hermit crab pressing against it. But there seems suffi- 
cient evidence to believe that while each coast has its special 
species of slipper-limpets, each one of which assumes protean 
changes, there is in this one species which has been scattered, it 
may be in dead shells, and on ballast, round the world, and to 
be distinguished from all neighboring species by the peculiar 


ead 
’ 


sae nae IO aa retinas 


CRUCIBULUM. 117 


character of the nuclear whorls. It is too much the custom 
among collectors, and even among naturalists, to examine and 
preserve only well-conditioned adult specimens. More may 
often be learned from deformed and ‘ugly’ shells; and espe- 
cially from series in all ages of development.”—Puinire C. 
CARPENTER. 


In preparing the following pages I have made use princi- 
pally of: 


W. J. Broderip. Descriptions of some new Species of Calyp- 
treide. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, I, 3 colored plates. 1835. 

This is almost a monograph of the family. 

Lovell A. Reeve. Conchologia Iconica. Monographs | of 
Calyptreea, Crepidula, Crucibulum, Trochita. 1858. 

G. B. Sowerby. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. ~Monograph of 
the family Calyptreidz. 1883. 

J. E. Gray. Notes on the specimens of Calyptreeidz in Mr. 
Cuming’s Collection. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1867. 


Genus CRUCIBULUM, Schum., 1817. 


C. SCUTELLATUM, Gray. Pl. 3], figs. 13-24; PI. 32, figs. 25-38; 
Pl. 33, figs. 39-43. 


Shell solid, chestnut-brown or pale, with brown rays, polished 
and often darker colored within, rudely radiately ribbed, 
_ coarsely latticed by concentric ribs, or smoother and closely 
radiately striated. Length, 2—2°5 inches. 

West Coast of America from Chili to Mazatlan. 

Varies greatly in sculpture, height, etc., giving rise to many 
Synonyms. The type form has been described as C. imbricatum, 
Brod. (fig. 17), and the synonymy embraces C. corrugatum, 
Carp. (figs. 18, 19), C. rugosum, Lesson, C. dentatum, Menke, 
C. costata, Menke, C. Cumingii, Carp., C. extinctorium, Sowb., 
C. rude, Brod., C. gemmacea, Val., C. pectinatum, Carp. (fig. 
24), C. umbrella, Desh. (fig. 20) = depressed specimens, and 
C. planata, Mirch. GC. concameratum, Reeve (figs. 21, 22), and 
C. serratum, Brod. (fig. 23), are young shells. 


118 CRUCIBULUM. 


Var. quigiquina, Lesson. PI. 32, figs. 30, 31. 


Finely radiately costulate, or smooth. Mutations of this 
form have been called C. trigonale, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 25), C. 
Serrugineum, Reeve (fig. 26), C. lignaria, Brod. (figs. 27, 28), 
C. tenue, Brod. (fig. 29) and C. spectrum, Reeve (figs. 30, 31). 


Var. AURICULATUM (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 32, figs. 34, 35. 


Whitish or light brown, brown-speckled or unicolored, de- 


pressed, rugosely irregularly radiately ribbed. 
West Indies. 


It can scarcely, except by locality, be distinguished from flat 
specimens from the West Coast, yet the flatter rude form is 
predominant in the West Indies, whilst in the former localities 
it is exceptional. The synonymy includes ©. Cuvieri, Desh., 
C. planatum, Schumn., C. Caribbeense, Carp. 


Var. VIOLACEUM, Carpenter. PI. 32, figs. 36, 37. 


Ribbed and colored like the preceding species, interior light 


violaceous or violaceous brown. Ceylon 


Var. TUBIFERUM, Lesson. PI. 32, figs. 32, 33,38; Pl. 33, figs. 
39-43. 


Closely radiately striated, distantly radiately costulate, the 
riblets prickly with short or long tubular hollow processes. 
West Coast of America, Chili to California. 
Typical specimens of this form might readily be distinguished 
as a species, but the intermediates connect it with var. guiriqut- 
num. It is better known under the later name of C. spinosum, 
Sowb. (fig. 38). Other synonyms are C. cinereum, Reeve (fig. 
39), C. hispida, Brod. (fig. 42), C. Peziza, Gray, var. compresso- 
conicum, Carp., C. maculatum, Brod. (fig. 43), and C. striatum, 
Brod., not Say (= C. auritum, Reeve, figs. 32, 33), the last two 
waeumere connecting with the Seah or finely striate variety. 


C. striatum, Say. Pl. 33, figs. 44, 45. 

Aperture orbicular, apex usually rather high, beaked, 
surface radiately striate, cup broadly open, attached fully one- 
third of its cireumference; brownish white, brownish within. 

New England to New Jersey. 

The type of the section Dispotaea, Say, which has no claim to 

be separated from the main group. 


PRE CLO OO ELD 


Sy ME cesta ap, OE Tn EA CS REO BINS 


eileen 


i a ne ne ee | 


fae 


CALYPTRAA. 119 


©. RADIATUM, Brod. PI. 33, figs. 52, 53. 

Conically orbicular, whitish rayed with dark chestnut without 
and within, radiately striated and very closely finely ridged; 
internal appendage cup-shaped, produced, concavely compressed 


on one side. 
Bay of Caraccas. 


Broderip describes the cup as “ pressed in on one side, adher- 
ing to the shell not only by its apex, but also by a lateral seam, 
which scarcely reaches to the rim of the cup.” A doubtful species. 


Section BricaTiLius, Swainson, 1840. 


C. EXTINCTORIUM, Lam. PI. 33, figs 46-51. 

Thin, shining, smoothish, apex elevated and twisted; brownish 
white, more or less rayed or spotted with chestnut; interior 
appendage small, cornucopia-shaped. 

Malacca, Singapore, Mauritius. 

It is C. levigatum of Chenu, C. morbidum, Reeve (figs. 48, 49), 
and C. lividum, Reeve (figs. 50, 51), a brown variety. 


C. veRRUcOSUM. Reeve. PI. 33, figs. 54, 55. 

Shell orbicular, conical in the middle, top central, somewhat 
mamillary, yellowish cream-color, rather opaque, more or less 
rayed and spotted with chestnut, surface interruptedly laterally 


wrinkled ; cup small, cornucopia-shaped. 
Yucatan (Norman). 


Described without locality, which is supplied from specimens 
in Mus. Philad. Acad. 


C. MAMMULA, Rochebrune. (Unfigured.) Senegambia. 


Genus CALYPTRA#A, Lamarck, 1799. 


C. Sinensis, Linn. PI. 34, figs. 56,57; Pl. 30, fig. 7. 
Orbicular, thin, smooth or finely scaled, shining within; white 


or yellowish white. 
Europe. 


Dr. Jeffreys writes: “‘It would seem that this mollusk seldom, 
if ever, leaves its place of abode. I found some at Sark, living 
attached to small pebbles, each pebble having scarcely a broader 
surface than the circumference of the shell, which closely fitted 
the sinuosities of the stone. Both shell and pebble were en- 


120 CALYPTRAZA. 


crusted by mullipore, and had the same appearance. The mark 
of adhesion is glossy, but does not show any excavation. Ac- 
cording to Andouin and Milne-Edwards the female hatches her 
eggs, and keeps the fry between her foot and the foreign body 
to which she adheres; her patelloid shell thus serves not only to 
cover and protect herself, but is also a shield for her offspring. 
The eggs are yellow, and inclosed in membranous capsules, which 
are flattened, transparent, and filled with an albuminous matter. 
These little sacs are from six to ten in number, connected one 
with another by a pedicle,and arranged like the petals of a rose; 
each capsule contains ten to twelve eggs. The fry resembles 
that of Velutina levigata in shape and sculpture; and the ani- 
mal at this stage of growth has large ciliated neck-lobes, as in 
other Gastropoda.”—Brit. Conch., iii, 275. 

It is C. vulgaris, Phil.; C.squama, Desh.; C. mamma, Sie- 
maschko; C. levigata, Lam.; C. muricata, Costa; C.spinulosa, 
Chemn.; C. albida, Donov.; C. succinea, Risso; C. Politi, Scacchi; 
C. spirata, Nardo; C.carinaria, Bon., besides a number of fossil 
synonyms. 


C. SUBREFLEXA, Carpenter. Pl. 34, figs. 58, 59. 


Reddish brown, aculeately radiately striated ; internal appen- 
dage lateral, appressly effused. 
Gulf of California. 
C. PELLUCIDA, Reeve. PI. 34, figs. 60, 61. 
Depressed orbieular, pellucid, finely concentrically striated ; 
livid white; internal appendage rather depressly septum-shaped. 


Philippine Islands..- 


C. conica, Brod. PI. 34, figs. 62, 63. 


Rather thin, concentrically striated; yellowish white, radi- 
ately subtessellately marked with chestnut, interior bluish white 
with the markings chestnut-violaceous; internal appendage 
diaphanous, thin, effused. 

West Columbia to Acapulco. 
C. MAMILLARIS, Brod. PI. 34, figs. 64-75, 78-81. 

Rather thin, smooth, with growth-lines; whitish, becoming 
purplish or brownish purple on the spire, the mamillary apex 
brownish ; interior light brownish or violaceous. 

Valparaiso, Panama, Mazatlan, Sta. Barbara, Cal. 
Payta to Guayaquil (d’Orbigny). 


a 
| 


1 


Lee ee 


CALYPTRAA. 121 


The synonymy includes C. regularis and C. aspersa (figs. 80, 
81), C. B. Ad., C. Lamarckii, Menke, C. lorica, Brod. (Gray), 
C. fastigiata, Gould (figs. 66, 67), from Puget Sound, C. solida, 
Reeve (tigs. 68, 69), C. lichen, Brod. figs. 70, 71), C. unguis, 
Brod. (figs. 72, 73), a distorted young specimen, and C. poculum, 
Reeve (figs. 74, 75) — C. fusca, Carp., both young specimens. 

C. clypeolum, Reeve (figs. 78,79) = C. Magellanica, Gray, 
said to come from Straits of Magellan may be added. 


C. CanpEANA, d’Orb. PI. 34, figs. 76, 77, 82, 83. 


Small, rounded, thin, spire elevated, growth-lines rugose, 
sometimes obsoletely finely radiately striated, white. 
West Indies. 
It is C. occidentalis, Gray, and C. Chinensis, Guilding. C. 
lamellosa, A. Ad. (figs. 82, 83), does not appear to have any 
distinctive character. 


Unfigured Species. 


C. PARVULA, Dunker. West Indies. 
C. conrorta, Carp. California. 
C. DEcIPIENS, Phil. Sts. Magellan. 
C. sELLA, Menke. Hab. unknown. 
C. vestiTa, Phil. ' Hab. unknown. 
C. SPINIFERA, Gray. Kurrachee. 
C. RADIATA and C, RADIOLA, Desh. Hab. unknown. 
C. ARIETINA, Rochebrune. Senegambia. 


Subgenus InrunpiBuLuM, Montfort, 1810. 
C. RapiaNs, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 84-88. 


Orbicular, depressed, or elevated radiately subnodulously 
ribbed; whitish or yellowish white, under a yellowish brown 
fibrous epidermis, interior white, more or less stained with 
chocolate, the septum white. Diam. 2-3 inches. 

Peru, Chili. 

The synonyms are C. Peruviana, Desh., C. concamerata, 
Mart., C. costellata, Phil., C. Trochiformis, Gmel., C. Trochoides, 
Dillw., C. Araucana, Lesson, C. sordida, Brod. (fig. 86), a 
young shell, C. spirata, Forbes (fig. 87), a darker colored 
specimen, said to come from the Gulf of California, but the 
habitat has not been confirmed, although probable, and C. corru- 


122 CALYPTRAA, 


gata, Reeve (fig. 88). A specimen of this species was collected 
(dead) at the island of Inagua, Bahamas, by Dr. J. J. Brown, 
and is in the museum of the Philadelphia Academy. 


C. INTERMEDIA, d’Orb. PI. 35, figs. 89, 90. 
Orbicular, thin, whitish, longitudinally costate, inner margin 


of the lamina reflected over the blade. 
Peru. 


I know nothing of this shell, said to be rare. Is it an 
aberrant young C. radians? 


Unfigured Species. 


C. scurum, Lesson (C. TENUIS, Gray said to be a syn.). 


N. Zealand. 
C. veNTRICOSsA, Carp. (= C. RADIANS?) Mazatlan. 
C. PHLYCTIPHERA, Rochebrune. Senegambia. 


Subgenus SIGAPATELLA, Lesson, 1830. 
©. prtxotus, d’Orb. PI. 35, figs. 91, 100. 


Thin, smooth, with revolving distant riblets, thin, diaphanous, 
white. 

Patagonia, Falkland Is. 
C. HELICOIDEA, Sowb. PI. 35, figs. 92,93. - 

Whorls oblique, divaricately costate, orange-brown. 

Hab. unknown. 
C. LATERALIS, Sowb. PI. 35, figs. 94, 95. 

Divaricately rugosely ribbed, whitish stained and radiated 
with chestnut. 

Hab. unknown. 
C. CALYPTR&ZIFORMIS, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 96-99. 

White or yellowish white, marked by growth-lines, spire often 
light violaceous, covered by a thin fibrous yellowish epidermis, 
interior white, more or less stained or blotched with violet. 

Australia, New Zealand, ? Viti Is., ete. 

Lamarck described this species as a Trochus, and Deshayes in 
removing it to the genus Calyptreea, changed the specific name 
to Lamarckii. I have thought it best to restore the original 
name, although rather objectionable. Inno case could Deshayes’ 
name be used, for the next in priority is Sowerby’s equally 
objectionable C. comma-notata; then follow C. Nove-Zelandiz, 


CREPIDULA. 193 


Lesson, C. tomentosa (figs. 96-98), and C. maculata (fig. 99) of 
Quoy. It is also C. Chinensis of Chenu, not Linn. 


Genus CREPIDULA, Lam., 1799. 


The slipper-limpets are quite as variable as either of the pre- 
ceding groups, and the definitive arrangement of the species 
will require continued observation of the growth of shells from 
the same brood under diverse conditions. I take the species as 
conventionally recognized, although fully aware of some facts 
which, at least, militate strongly against the retention of some 
of them. As in most attached genera the form and sculpture 
are influenced by the surface of attachment; thus a species flat 
and suborbicular when attached to a similar surface will become 
high and compressed if growing on the spire of a narrow- 
whorled shell. 

C. unguiformis, Lam., is generally found on the inside of 
large univalve shells, such as Naticas, Fulgurs, ete., and has the 
upper surface concave, and the color white; and Gray thought 
that the same species became C. fornicata, Gmel., convex, with 
radiating chestnut spots, when attached externally ; but wngut- 
formis whilst appearing to prefer the interior station, yet is 
sometimes found on the outside of shells, still preserving its 
white color and long shape, but becoming somewhat convex. 

The admitted cosmopolitan distribution of C. unguiformis 
points to a large geographical range in the other species; yet 
the protected station usually chosen by that species is probably 
conducive to its spread and acclimation. . 

Gray writes (Zool. Proc., 737, 1867): ‘ Messrs. H. and A. 
Adams formed the genus Janacus for the white flat specimens of 
this genus. All the specimens of the different species that take 
up their residence in the inside of the shell assume this form 
and color. It has been suggested that, instead of being depend- 
ent on the accident of locality, their living in such places is a 
habit peculiar to the species, and a proof that they are of a dis- 
tinct kind. This theory is set at rest by the fact that some 
specimens of the shell show the two states; that is to say, an 
animal growing on the outside of a shell has moved to the inside, 
aud an animal that commenced life on the inside of a shell has 


~* 


124 CREPIDULA. 


moved to the outside. In the first case the apex of the shell is . 
convex and brown, and the circumference white and flat; in the 
other the apex is flat and white, and the circumference brown 
and convex. I have seen one specimen in which the animal has 
moved twice, and the shell has a brown tip and margin and a 
white flat intermediate space.” 

I have seen many thousands of specimens of the American C. 
fornicata and C. unguiformis, but never noticed any showing 
the change above recorded. 

The spinous ribbing of C. aculeata is very probably not a spe- 
cific character, yet it occurs in connection with a general facies 
which is easily recognizable as specific, although not readily 
definable. , 


C. rornicaTA, Linn. PI. 36, figs. 1-8. 

Smooth, whitish or pink white, with radiating irregular chest- 
nut lines often broken up into spots, interior more or less stained 
with brown or violaceous. Length, 2 inches. 

East Coast of United States from Maine to Florida ; 

West Indies, Brazil, ete. 

I figure a ribbed specimen (fig. 2). The synonymy includes 
C. gibbosa, Defrance; C. nautarum (Humph.), Moérch; C. Riise, 
Dunker; C. maculosa, Conrad; C. depressa, Say, has been 
referred to C. unguiformis, Lam., but specimens presented to 
the Philada. Academy by Mrs. Say are young fornicata. C. 
protea, d’Orb., includes this species and C. ungutformts, and is 
said to extend from West Indies to Patagonia. I am somewhat 
in doubt as to the West Coast distribution of this species as 
assumed by Dr. Gray. Most of the Pacific forms which that 
naturalist has associated with C.fornicata appear to me dis- | 
tinguishable by perhaps slight, but sufficiently recognizable | 
characteristics; C. arenata, Brod. (figs. 4,5), however, said to 
occur at St. Elena, West Columbia, where it was obtained by 
Cuming, appears to be absolutely identical, and C. Patagonica, 
d’Orb. (figs. 6, 7), differs only in being more rounded in outline 
(in the figure) than the usual form of fornicata. C. Aplysioides, 
Reeve (fig. 8), from Rio Janeiro, may be added. The shell 
which Reeve has figured under the name of C. nautiloidea, Les- 
son, also appears to be referable here. 


ee 


——. 


CREPIDULA. 125 


C.auauca, Say. Pl. 36, fig. 9. 
Rather flat, with a sharp pointed apex, yellowish brown with 


radiating rows of chestnut spots, interior dark chestnut brown, 


more or less mottled or spotted, septum white, diaphanous. 
Length, °75 inch. 
Long Island Sound to North Carolina. 
The darker color and smaller size distinguish this from 
the preceding species, but I am not at all sure that it is more 
than a varietal state of the young shell. Reeve’s figure probably 
represents a colorless C. fornicata. 


C. convExa, Say. PI. 36, fig. 10. 


Convex, with somewhat trigonal outline, high back and ob- 
liquely beaked apex; whitish or glaucous radiately lined with 
chestnut spots, with sometimes larger nebulous chestnut-purple 
markings. Length, 75 inch. 

Nova Scotia to Florida. 

The form of this species is due to its attachment on the crus- 
tacean Hupagurus longicarpus and the gastropod Ilianassa 
obsoleta. The preceding species has been supposed identical 


_ with this, and simply modified by attachment to broad flat sur- 


faces ; this may be so, yet the present is a smoother, lighter-colored 
heavier shell. Its identity with C. fornicata is not improbable. 
C. navicula (Dunker), Morch;a West Indian form, insufficiently 
described, and unfigured, is probably a synonym. 


C. apspersA, Dunker. PI. 36, figs. 11, 12. 


Ovate, more or less convex, rugulose, white with chestnut 
spots, epidermis olivaceous. Length, 1 inch. 
Benguela. 
Possibly a form of the last species. 


C. pentTicinosa, Sowb. Pl. 36, figs. 13, 14. 


Yellowish chestnut-colored, with purple chestnut radiating 
series of spots. Length, 1 inch. 

Cape of Good Hope. 

Perhaps identical with C. convexa, Say, and the last species. 


C. Capensis, Quoy. PI. 36, figs. 15, 16. 


Suborbicular, flattened, radiately, obsoletely striated, chestnut- 
brown, brighter colored within. Length, 1-25 inches. 
Cape of Good Hope. 


126 CREPIDULA. 


This species differs in form from the last as (. glauca does 
from C. convexa. 


C. PORCELLANA, Linn. PI. 37, fig. 22. 


Apex slightly beaked, whitish, maculated and divaricately 
stained with purplish chestnut spots. Length, 1:25 inches. 
Senegal; Indian Ocean ? 
It is very doubtful whether this is distinct from C. fornicata ; 
a sharper apex and divaricating color-lines appear to be its chief 
points of difference. 


C. Moutinst, Michaud. PI. 36, fig. 17. 


Oval, depressed, smooth or slightly rugose, chestnut-brown. 


Length, 1-1-25 inches. 
Mediterranean Sea. 


Is C. fornicata, Phil., and C. gibbosa, Desh. Dr. Jeffreys and 
other good authorities consider this to = C. fornicata. 


C. Lessontr, Brod. Pl. 36, figs. 18-21; Pl. 37, figs. 22-25. 


Rather flat, concentrically laminarly frilled, frequently ra- 
diately costulate, white, sometimes radiately lineated with chest- 
nut. Length, 1 inch. 

West Coast of Central America to Monterey, Cal. 

C. fimbriata, Reeve (figs. 20,21), said to come from “ Van- 
couver’s Straits,” C. squama, Brod. (fig. 23), C. nivea, C. B. Ad., 
C. striolata, Menke, and probably C. navicelloides and C. 
exuviata, Nutt., C. explanata, Gould (figs. 24, 25), and C. per- 
forans, Val., are synonyms. (C. explanata has the form of C. 
ungutformis, but Carpenter places it here. 

Carpenter (Mazat. Cat., 281), describing this species under 
Prof. C. B. Adams’ name of C. nivea, writes as follows con- 
cerning it: 

‘This creature, when flat and finely grown, is the C. squama 
of Broderip. The same shell, when coarsely grown, more convex 
and without brown stripes, is C. nivea, C. B. Ad. When the 
layers of which it is composed, instead of lying regularly one 
over the other, are slightly prominent, it becomes C. striolata, 
Menke. When they are drawn forwards and project it becomes 
C. Lessonii, Brod. The name of Prof. Adams is retained, in 
preference to the prior ones of Broderip and Menke, as repre- 
senting the normal condition of the shell. 


CREPIDULA. 127 


“Tn the sqguama stage it appears as a very thin, flat shell; with 
the vertex generally lustrous brown, sometimes white ; from this 
radiate a greater or less number of brown lines, sometimes more 
or less broken into dots, gradually losing themselves in the 
white texture of the shell, sometimes reappearing at the margin, 
sometimes altogether absent. Very rarely a rich lustrous brown 
is developed inside, shading into a sea-weed green. The shell is 
covered with a copious yellowish green epidermis, which lies in 
a fringe round the sharp margin. In its ordinary state, the 
texture has a tendency to run into layers. The epidermis does 
the same, the layers being in shreds and very copious.” 


C. porsata, Brod. Pl. 37, figs. 26-30; Pl. 38, fig. 41. 


Thin, wide, irregularly longitudinally corrugated or rudely 
ribbed, or smoothish, whitish or yellowish, sometimes violaceous 
within; septum bilobed. Length, -75 inch. 

Mazatlan to California. 

So distorted is this species in some instances that the apex is 
somewhat distant from the margin, and the attachment of the 
septum is lateral, so that it was described as a Calyptreea. 

C. bilobata, Gray (figs. 26, 27), is a smooth, chestnut-rayed 
form of this species; C. lingulata, Gould, is described from a 
worn specimen of it. C. foliacea (fig. 28),and C. strigata (figs. 
29, 30), Brod., referred by Carpenter to the next species, appear 
to me more likely to belong here, if they are not C. aculeata, 
Gmel. 


C. pipatata, Lam. PI. 37, figs. 31-34; Pl. 38, fig. 42. 


Oval, broad, rather thick, smooth, but with distinct growth- 
lines; whitish, under a yellowish brown, thin epidermis, interior 
white, but the margin usually stained or radiately lineated with 
chestnut ; apex much curved to the side of the shell. 

Length, 1°5-2°5 inches. 

Western Coast of America from Patagonia to Alaska ; 
Kamtschatka. 

Distinguished by its rugose growth, inflated form, interior 
marginal coloring. The synonymy is very large: C. depressa, 
Desh., C. Peruviana, Lam., C. patula, Desh., C. Adolphei, 
Lesson, C. nautiloides, Lesson, C. pallida, Brod. (fig. 32), C. 
arcuata (Brod.), Orb., C. princeps, Conr., C. prerupta, Conrad, 


128 CREPIDULA. 


C. grandis, Midd. (fig. 33), C. minuta, Midd. (fig. 42), and C. 
nummaria, Gould (fig. 34), the latter from the interior of shells, 
hence flattened. It appears to me that nummaria might as well 
be referred to C. Lessoni as here, and that C. explanata, which 
is placed in the synonymy of C. Lessoni, could also be equally 
well placed here; further, these flat, interior-growing specimens 
of Crepidula from the West Coast have about as much right to 
a distinetive place as has C. unguiformis. 


C. MonoxyLa, Lesson. PI. 37, figs. 35, 36. 


Whitish, elongated, contorted, high-convex. 

Length, 1:25-1°5 inches. New Zealand. 

This species does not appear to have any special character- 
istics; a C. unguiformis growing on the outside of a narrow 
shell would be apt to take on the same form. C. contorta, Quoy 
(figured), and C. profunda, Hutton, are synonyms. 


C. onyx, Sowb. Pl. 37, figs. 37, 38; Pl. 38, figs. 43-50; PI. 
39, fig. 59. 


Rather thick, rugose, smooth or rarely radiately costellate, 
chestnut or chocolate-colored within and without, sometimes 
obscurely chestnut-rayed, the septum usually white. 

Length, 15-2 inches. Panama to California. 

Carpenter, in his Mazatlan Catalogue, endeavors to distin- 
guish C. rugosa, Nuttall (fig. 37), from this species; the latter 
having a shaggy epidermis, whilst that of rugosa, though some- 
what lamellar, is glossy, never shaggy. The numerous speci- 
mens before me, from many localities, do not seem to establish 
this distinction, and probably the shaggy epidermis is the 
result of rough water. I suspect that C. adunca, Sowb., with 
its sharp elevated beak, although placed from this character in 
a distinct section, will prove to be an onyx growing upon more 
restricted surfaces. ; 

The synonymy will include C. hepatica (fig. 88), perhaps of 
Deshayes, at any rate, of C. B. Adams; but whether the C. 
hepatica so identified by Krauss, or his var. complanata (fig. 45), 
from the Cape of Good Hope, are identical, remains doubtful : 
I can see no difference, judging from the figures. C. immersa, 
Angas (figs. 46, 47), from Australia, also appears the same. To 


/ 


\/ ©. apunca, Sowb. Pl. 38, figs. 51-55; Pl. 37, figs. 39, 40; 


CREPIDULA. 129 


these are to be added C. amyydalus, Val., C. Cerithicola, C. B. 
Ad. (juvenile), C. marginalis, Brod. (figs. 48, 49), C. lirata, 
Reeve (fig. 50), and perhaps C. Sitchana, Midd. (fig. 59). 


Section Garnorra, Gray, 1867. 


PL. 39, fig. 60. 


Usually rather high, compressed on the sides, or subtriangular 
with a sharp hooked beak distant from the margin, smoothish, 
chestnut-brown, under a light yellowish brown epidermis, with 
sometimes indistinct rays, more or less broken up into spots, 
interior also chestnut color. Length, 1 inch. 

Panama—Sts. of Fuca. 

A very common West Coast form, the distinctive character 
of which may result mainly from its attachment; tbe coloring 
does not differ from C. onyx. The synonyms are C. solida, 
Hinds (fig. 52), C. rostriformis, Gould (figs. 53, 53a), C. 
uncata, Menke, C. jfissurata, Sowb. (fig. 60), and C. rostrata, C. 
B. Ad. C. excavata, Brod. (figs. 54, 55), is a large form, a 
variety of which has been named fusco-punctata by Morch. C. 
incurva, Brod. (figs. 39, 40), is normally radiately ribbed, but 
intermediates occur between it and the smooth typical form. 


Section Crypra (Gray), Fischer, 1885. 


C. acuneatTa, Gmel. PI. 39, figs. 61-65. 

Oval, moderately convex, apex lateral, spiral, surface covered 
with radiating prickly or spinose ridges; whitish, yellowish or 
brownish, often chestnut-rayed, interior often splotched or 
rayed with chocolate, septum white. Length, 1-1-5 inches. 
Florida to Patagonia, and West Coast of America 

northwards to Southern California, Sandwich 
Islands, Japan, Australia, Mauritius, India, ete. 

A cosmopolitan species, varying in the development of the 
spines, and with a considerable synonymy: C. echinus (fig. 68) 
and C. hystrix (fig. 64), of Broderip, C. Californica, Nuttall, 
MS., C. costata, Menke (fig. 65). C. strigata and C. foliacea, 
Brod., which I have referred to the synonymy of C. dorsata, 


may possibly belong here. 
9 


< 


130 CREPIDULA. 


Section Ianacus, Morch, 1852. 


C. uNGUIFORMS, Lam. PI. 39, figs. 66-68. 


Narrow, upper surface, usually flat or concave, with apex 
direct and marginal, somewhat lamellar, milk white, interior 
highly polished, the septum convex. Length, 1 inch. 

Nova Scotia to Texas, West Indies, Mediterranean Sea, 

Peru, Panama to California, Australia, 
New Zealand, Singapore, etc. 

It is Patella crepidula, Linn., C. Italica, Defrance, C. calceo- 
lina, Defrance, C. Deshayesit, Folin (figs. 67,68), C. plana, Say, 
C. sinuosa, Turton, C. candida, Risso. Some authors have 
contended that the European C. unguiformis is a different 
species from our C. plana; the comparison of large suites of 
both will demonstrate their identity to any one. 


Section SrpHopaTELuLaA, Lesson, 1830. 


C. Watsait, Hermannson. PI. 38, figs. 56-58. 
Transverse, concave, white, beak lateral, internal appendage 
oblique, inflected at the outer side. Width, 1:25 inches. 
Ceylon, Singapore, China Sea, Japan. 
It is C. plana, Ads. and Reeve, not Say, C. scabies, Reeve 
(fig. 58). 
C. Cuinensis, Gray. Pl. 39, figs. 69-71. 


Spiral, with one and a half or two whorls, pale brown or 


whitish, internal plate thin with a lateral fold. 
China. 


Possibly identical with the preceding species and presenting 
a more free growth of it. It is the type of Gray’s group 
Noicia. ; 


Unfigured and Undetermined Species. 


C. CALYPTR#ZIFORMIS, Desh. Peru. 
C. NERITOIDES, Recluz. = Genus Latia. 
C. suBSPIRATA, Blainy. Hab. unknown. 
C. rucuLosA, Dunker. Cape Good Hope. 
C. NAVICELLA, Lesson. Hab. unknown. 
C. Curtiensis, Lesson. Chili. 


AGO QF Orer"G@riG 


CAPULUS. 131 


. LAMELLOSA, A. Ad. Japan. 
. COSTULATA, Dunker. Hab. unknown. 
. LINEOLATA, Desh. Southern Seas. 
. STRIGILLATA, Dunker. Hab. unknown. 
. ExcrisA, Phil. Ins. Mergut. 
»ATRA, Phil. Hab. unknown. 
. GoREENSIS, Desh. Senegal. 
. Hoturrart, Perry. 

. TEGULICIA, Rochebrune. Senegambia- 


Genus CAPULUS, Montfort, 1810. 


C. Hunaaricus, Linn. PI. 39, figs. 72-74. 


‘Shell cornucopia-shaped with recurved apex, rather thin, 


finely irregularly ribbed, disappearing towards the margin, 


growth-lines conspicuous, irregular, undulating the surface of 
the shell; yellowish white to dull reddish brown, under a thin 
yellowish brown epidermis, which is easily detached and seldom 
remains on the upper part, interior white or pinkish. 

Diam. 1°5—-2 inches. 

Europe; off Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., 69 and 458 fms. 

In British waters it is found in from 7 to 85 fathoms, attached 
to rocks and large shells, especially frequenting oyster and 
scallop beds. It isa common tertiary fossil. 

The synonymns are C. Ungaricus, Lam., Pileopsis militaris, 
Linn. (juv.), C. unguis, Sowb., C. dispar, Michelotti, Protomedea 
ornata, Costa. 


C. Unearicores, d’Orb. PI. 40, figs. 82, 83. 

Rather depressed, very thin, fragile, summit lateral and spiral ; 
surface of the shell entirely smooth, but the epidermis has 
some radiating raised lines ; rosy white with a few reddish rays. 

Diam. 15-22 mill. Payta, Peru. 


C. 1ntortus, Lam. PI. 39, figs. 75, 76. 

Thin, very obliquely spiral, finely longitudinally rugosely 
costulate, somewhat obsoletely decussated by the growth- 
sculpture; aperture rounded; white, the epidermis yellowish 
brown, hairy. Length, 17 mill. 

Florida, West Indies, Paumotus, Philippines, Mauritius. 


132 CAPULUS. 


A species having a wide distribution in warm seas. It is 
2C. militaris, Wood, C. incurvus, Gmel., C. liberatus, Pease 
(fig. 76). 


C. BapDius, Dunker. PI. 39, figs. 77, 78. 


Laterally compressed, obsoletely radiately costulate, orange- 


brown. Length, 15 mill. 
Japan. 
Has somewhat the aspect of a Hipponyx. 


C. SAGITTIFER, Gould. Pl. 39, figs. 79, 80. 


Smooth, thin, translucent white, with minute arrowhead- 
shaped markings of more opaque white, arranged in quincunx 
order. Diam. 6 mill. 

Hab. unknown. 
C. viotaceus, Angas. PI. 39, fig. 81. 

Laterally compressed, radiately striated, apex free, inclined 
to the right; internally with a very narrow rib, rounded at the 
edge, situated in the cavity of the shell and extending on either 
side nearly to the interior of the aperture ; interior violaceous. 


Length, 16 mill. 
Port Jackson, Australia. 
Described from a single specimen. 


Section CaputacmZa, M. Sars. 


C. rapratus, Sars. PI. 40, figs. 84-87. 

Thin, transparent, radiately striate or smooth except growth- 
lines, whitish or yellowish, faintly strigate with darker color, 
under a thin yellowish epidermis, base rounded, apex small, 
inclined. Length, 22 mill. 

Circumboreal: Sea of Ochotsk, Alaska, Davis’s Strait, 
Norway, Spitzbergen, Japan. 

The synonymns are Pilidium commodum, Midd. (figs. 86, 87), 
Piliscus probus, Lovén, Capulus dilatatus (figs. 84, 85), and 
C. depressus, A. Adams. 


ALLERYA Kressit, Moérch, and PropiLipIuM TENUE, Jeffreys, 
both referred to this group, are members of the family 
SIPHONARIIDA. 


AMATHINA. 133 


Section Tuyca, H. and A. Adams, 1854. 


C. aAsTERICOLA, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 40, fig. 88. 
High-conical, sculptured with fine close-set radiating riblets ; 
white; margin crenulated. Alt. 6 mill. 
Sooloo Sea, on the tubercle of a star-fish. 


Unfigured and doubtful species of Capulus. 


C. (Tuyca) ELEGANS, Tapp. Canefri (unfigured). Papuan Islands. 


C. CyTHER&%A, Lesson (unfigured). Tahitt. 
C. PALEACEA, Menke (unfigured). Hab. unknown. 
C. Japonicus, A. Adams (unfigured). Japan. 
C. Garnotil, Payr. = Gadinia. 
C. SureEvE!, Conrad. = Hinge process of Pholas costata, Linn. 


Genus AMATHINA, Gray, 1842. 


A. TRIcosTATA, Gmel. PI. 40, figs. 89, 90. 

White, apex posterior but not marginal, recurved, with distant 
radiating low striew posteriorly and three strong anterior ridges, 
diverging and causing a projection of the margin. 

Length, 1 inch. East Indies, Japan. 

Patella tricarinata, Linn., to which this is referred by H. and 
A. Adams, is an entirely different shell. 


A. Nopitis, A. Ad. PI. 40, fig. 91. 


Shell shaped like Capulus, solid, white; apex median, acute, 
involute, turned to the right; strongly bicarinated, posterior 


margin dilated. Length, 25 mill. 
Saghalien Island, Japan. 


A. ANGUSTATA, Souverbie. Pl. 40, fig. 92. 
Elongated, narrow, a little twisted, apex recurved, spiral ; with 
three or four anteriorly directed strong carinations, the rest of 


the surface with slighter radiating carine. Length, 12 mill. 
N. Caledonia. 


A. TRIGONA, Sowb. (unfigured). Friendly Islands. 


A. BICARINATA, Pease (unfigured). Sandwich Islands. 


Judging from the descriptions, these two species are closely 
allied, perbaps identical. 


134 HIPPONYX. 
Subfamily Hipponycine. 
Genus HIPPONYX, Defrance, 1819. 


Sowerby, in the first volume of his Thesaurus, has monographed 
this genus, consisting then of five species, as a bivalve mollusk 
in connection with Crania and Thecidium, mistaking the occa- 
sionally formed calcareous base for an attached valve. 


H. antiquatus, Linn. Pl. 40, figs. 93-99. 


White, apex posterior, concentrically rudely, closely laminated, 
more or less distinctly radiately striated ; epidermis pilose. 

Length, °75 inch. 

Florida, West Indies, Senegal, Polynesia, 
California, Panama, Peru, Australia. 

The synonyms are H. mitrula, Gmel.; H. Panamensis, C. B. 
Ad.; H. foliaceus, Quoy (fig. 98), and H. Chameformis, Rochbr. 
(fig. 99). 


AAO OE Re AD ee AEE NAOT SED EE 


H. sERRATUS, Carpenter. Pl. 40, fig. 100. 


Differs from H. antiquatus in the character of the base of the 
shell (margin of aperture), which is broad and flat, made up of 
very numerous close-set lamellae, deeply serrated into large, 
scarcely rounded lobes; the interstices are filled with epidermis, 
in irregular ribband-like shreds. Length, 1 inch. 

Mazatlan. 

Living attached to each other or to other shells. . folt- 
aceus, Menke (not Quoy and Gaimard), is probably a synonym. 
H. susprurus, Lam. PI. 40, fig. 1. 

Shell orange or orange-red, decussated by radiating and con- 
centric close striz. Length, °d inch. 

West Indies, Peru, Panama. 

H. cernuus, Gmel., is probably identical. 

H. tuberculatus, Carp., is similarly colored, with subcentral 
apex, close radiating ribs and concentrically tuberculate, base 
thick, lamellate. Length, *5 inch. 

Morch refers it here doubtfully. 4. trigonus,Gmel., is said to ~ 
be flatter than subrufus, with stronger radiating sulci, and to 
this Moérch doubtfully refers H. barbatus, var. costellatus of Car- 
penter ; it is perhaps only a variety of subrufus. 


Sgt I Re ih Dm RG III IP ALY ALOE ALA DGD <aA DL  tae RP PaO ARPA OAS soe 


HIPPONYX. 135 


H. Barsatus, Sowb. Pl. 40, figs. 2, 3. 


Shell depressed, apex suberect, subposterior, whitish, concen- 
trically and radiately striated, with a pilose brownish epidermis, 
aperture margin smooth. Length, °75 inch. 

Mazatlan, Galapagos Is., Polynesia, Japan, 
Cape Good Hope. 

It is H. australis, Menke, not Lam. #. pilosus, Desh. (fig. 3), 
appears to be the same, and has priority, but the species is gen- 
erally known as H. barbatus. 


H. Grayanus, Menke. PI. 40, figs. 4, 5. 


Apex subcentral, ribs fewer, coarser and more nodulous than 
in H. barbatus, with softer, shorter, fewer and more irregular 
hairs, base flat but very broad, rather rounded at the inner 
margin, crenated at the outer, with numerous lamelle, undulated 
but not serrated. Length, °75 inch. 

Galapagos, Panama, Mazatlan, Sandwich Islands. 

Described as H. radiatus, Gray, a name preoccupied by Quoy 
and Gaimard, and by Deshayes, the latter for a fossil species. I 
doubt its distinctness from H. barbatus. 


H. CranioipEs, Carp. Pl. 40, figs. 6, 7. 


Rounded, convexly planate, the apex subcentral, radiately 
striate, concentrically laminate. Length, *85 inch. 
Vancouver’s Island. 


H. tumens, Carp. (fig. 7), is a somewhat higher form, less 


‘worn by attrition, but having the essential characters of the 


above; it is reported from Sta. Barbara and 8S. Pedro, Cal. 
Neither species has very good claims to recognition as distinct. 


H. RADIATUS, Quoy and Gaimard. PI. 41, fig. 8. 


Shell radiately broadly costate, apex submedian. Dimensions 
and habitat unknown. 


This species was found on a Pterocera chiragra, consequently 
is probably Polynesian. The figure is no doubt magnified, but 
the dimensions are not given. It appears to me not unlike 4. 
australis, Quoy. 


136 HIPPONYX. 


H. AUSTRALIS, Quoy. PI. 41, figs. 9-16. 

Rather thin, with broad flat radiating ribs and narrow inter- 
stices, concentric sculpture rather faint or obsolete, apex erect, 
subposterior; whitish, or the interstices of the ribs sometimes 
orange-brown, interior usually stained with orange-brown. 

Length, 22 mill. 

Australia, New Guinea, N. Zealand, Mauritius, 
Viti Is., Japan. 

H. acutus, Quoy (figs. 12,13), H. suturalis, Quoy (figs. 14, 15), 
H. cornucopiz, Hutton, H. orientalis, Dufo, are synonyms. It 
is possibly Amalihea conica, Schum.—a name which would 
have priority if its identity could be fully established ; another 
older name which possibly belongs to this species is Patella 
cassida, Dillw. 


H. rmsricatus, Gould. Pl. 41, figs. 16, 17. 


Apex subcentral, surface rayed with forty to fifty ribs, which 
are trellised by concentric growth-lines, yellowish white, chestnut- 
color stains the interior. Length, 12 mill. 

Sandwich Islands. 
H. crysTaLLinus, Gould. Pl. 41, figs. 18, 19. 

White, ctrystalline, apex marginal, recurved, radiately ribbed, 
ribs somewhat undulated by the growth-lines, aperture margin 
thick behind, thin anteriorly. Length, 12 mill. Hab. unknown. 

Described as a Capulus. 


H. GRANULATUS, A. Adams. PI. 41, figs. 20, 32. 


Shell Capuliform, with compressed sides and posterior, declined 
apex; reddish brown, with white granules disposed in radiating 
series, and subflexuous concentric lines, reddish brown within. 


Length, 16 mill. 
West Coast of Africa, 


Was found attached to the spine of a Cidaris, and reproduces 
its granulations; probably ona larger smooth surface the species 
would be very different in form and ornamentation. 


H. Dantett, Crosse. Pl. 41, figs. 21, 22. 
Apex posterior, sharp, carmine, rest of surface brownish, radi- 
ately striate, interior chestnut-colored, more or less varied with 


carmine towards the apex. Length, 22 mill. 
New Caledonia. 


—$ ————,>__— 


MITRULARIA. T3% 


The oblique undulating ribs of the original figures, reproduced 
by me, are not of specific importance, resulting from a similarly 


sculptured surface of attachment; they do not exist on other 


specimens. The species is mainly characterized by its attenu- 
ated apex, thinness and color. 


H. Trcaontcus, Sowb. Pl. 41, figs. 23, 24. 


Suborbicular, with the apex posterior and recurved, closely 
radiately striate, whitish, under a pale fulvous hairy epidermis. 
Length, 15 mill. 


Philippines. 

I doubt its distinctness from H. subrufus, Sowb. 
H. ruauLosus, Dunker (unfigured). Samoan Is. 
H. puanatus, Carpenter (unfigured). Mazatlan. 
H. EFFODIENS, Carpenter (unfigured). West Indies. 
H. minor, Garrett (unfigured). Sandwich Islands. 


Genus MITRULARIA, Schum., 1817. 


M. Equestris, Linn. PI. 41, figs. 25-32; Pl. 42, figs. 33-56; PI. 
43, figs. 57-67, 70. 

Nearly orbicular or irregular, rather solid, varying to papy- 
raceous, rudely convex ; whitish, or more or less stained with 
light yellowish; radiately closely minutely ridged, or striated, 
outer edge of base often closely crenulated. Basal plate con- 
cave, platter-shaped, with puckered edge. Diam. 1:25 inches. 

China Sea, Philippines, Indian Ocean, 
Prince’s Isl.,-W. Africa, W. Indies, 
W. Coast of Central America, Galapagos Is. 

I have interpreted this species in accordance with general 
usage, the Linnean species being indeterminable. The synonomy 
includes: ? M. Dillwynii, Gray, M. umbo, Reeve (fig. 27), I 
Neptunii, Dillw., var. costata, Mirch, M. scutulum, Reeve (figs. 
28,29), MW. stella, Reeve (fig. 31), M. cepacea, Brod. (fig. 30), 
M. varia, Brod. (fig. 35), M. Layardii, Reeve (fig. 33), I. 
Adamsi, Reeve (fig. 36) — M. depressa, Ad. and Reeve, not 
Lamarck (fossil sp.), M. alveolata, A. Ad. (fig. 34), IL Vani- 
korensis, Quoy (fig. 38), M. cancellata, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 37), 


128% MITRULARIA. 


I. Roissyi, Dufo, Lithedaphus longirostris, Owen, WM. dormitoria, 
Reeve (fig. 60), W. ossea, Reeve (fig. 39), I Hipponiciformis, 
Reeve (figs. 40, 41), MW. cyathella, Reeve (fig. 42), JL bulla, — 
Reeve (fig. 43), WZ. stultorum, Reeve (fig. 44), I. Tongana, Quoy 
(figs. 45, 46), DM. pileopsis, Quoy (figs. 47, 48), I. chlorina, 
Gould (figs. 49-51), WZ. radiosa, Gould (tig. 52). These forms 
represent a great variety in shape and sculpture, and it is not 
wonderful that, with the ideas prevalent among conchologists a 
quarter of a century ago, they were described as distinct 
species. I have, for convenience, separated a series of irregu- 
larly corrugated forms as a variety, but they really connect — 
insensibly with the type. 


Var. TORTILIS, Reeve. Figs. 53-59, 61-67. 


Surface irregularly corrugated and folded, the folds longi- 
tudinal, oblique or concentric, sometimes taking every direction, 
and so thick as to obscure the radiating striz. 

West Indies, Philippines. 

This form is very usual, especially in West Indian specimens. 
M. diaphana (fig: 54), Reeve, M. Martiniana, Reeve (fig. 55), 
M. uncinata, Reeve (fig. 57), IW. papyracea, A. Ad. (figs. 58, 59), 
M. cornea, Reeve (figs. 61, 62), MW. cicatricosa, Reeve (fig. 56), 
MW. saccharimeta, Reeve ‘fig. 63), MW. Balanoides, Reeve (fig. 64), — 
M. porosa, Reeve (figs. 65, 66), and M. fibulata, Reeve (fig. 67), 
are all synonyms. 


Var. ACULEATA, Reeve. Fig. 70. 
Radiately striate and scaled, or short spinose. 
Honduras. 
M. tubifera, Gray (unfigured), from the same locality, is doubt- 
less a synonym. 


M. corruGcata, Brod. PI. 43, figs. 68, 69. 


Suborbicular, apex subcentral, rugosely radiately ribbed sail 
striated, ribs scaly towards the margin; whitish, or light yellow- 


ish brown. Diam. 40 mill. 
Guacomayo, Central America. 


Found by Cuming, under stones at 14 fms. A beautiful form, 
but perhaps not specifically distinct from JL. equestris. 


MITRULARIA. 139 


M. recrum-SinensE, Lam. PI. 43, figs. 71-74. — 
Whitish, radiately striated or nearly smooth, with concentric 
lamelle, free at the edges. Diam. 1 inch. 
Philippines. 
The well-known “ Chinaman’s hat.’ I. scabies, Reeve (fig. 74), 
is a synonym, and connects with varieties of MM. equestris. 


_M. rueutosa, Dunker (unfigured). Swain’s Isl. 
M. Lactucacea, Rochebrune (unfigured). Senegambia. 


INDEX AND: SYNONYMY. 


CALYPTRAZID Zz. 
PAGE. 

Aberrans (Calyptriea), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 330. 

= Anomia. 
Acroculia, Phillips. Palzoz. Foss., 1841. 

== Platyceras, Conrad, . : : : : : » 107 
Actita, Fischer de Waldheim. Advers. Zool., iii, 1825. 

= — Capulus, Montf. . : : , ' : 105 
Aculeata (Calyptrzea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, fig. 31 a, b, 

1858. — Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. ; : . 138 


Aculeata (Patella), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3693, - 112, 127, 129 
Acuta (Crepidula), H. C. Lea. Am Jour. Sci., 1 ser. xlii, 


108, t.1,f.4. =  C. convexa, Say. 
Acutus (Hippony x), Quoy. Voy. de l’Astr., iii, pl. 72, 35, 

36. = H. australis, Quoy, : . : : : . 136 
Adamsii (Calyptrza), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 7, 1858. 

= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . : 3 ‘ : . 137 
Addisonia, Dall., 1882, . : ‘ ; ; E : - 107 
Adolphzi (Crepidula), Lesson. Voy. de la Coq., ii, 391. 

= C. dilatata (Crepidula), Lam. : . 127 
Adspersa (Crepidula), Dunker. Mollusca ‘Guineensis, 34, 

853, . mB 

Aduneca (Caly ptreea), Sowb. Tank. Cat., app. 1, No. 828 

1825, . 128, 129 


Albida’ (Patella), Donovan. Brit. ‘Shells, iv, t. 129. 
= Calypt. Sinensis, Linn. : : : F - . 120 


140 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Allerya, Méreh. Mal. Blatt., xxiv, 100, 1877. 
= Williamia (Siphonariide), 


Alveolata (Calyptrea), A. Ad., MS. Reeve, Icon., vol. xi, 


sp. 8, 1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. 
Amalthea, Schum. Essai nouv. Syst., 181, 1817. 
== — Hipponyx, Defrance, 


Amathina, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus. 5 6a, 90, 1842, ; 106, 
Amyegdalus (Crepidula), V alenciennes. Voy. Venus, pl. 15. 


= C. onyx, Sowb. 


Angustata (Amathina), Souverbie. J. de Conch., p. 43, 


IST5 <p. 12, 6. 1; i618, 


Antiquatus (Hipponyx), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. xii, 1259, 


Aplysioides (Crepidula), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 19. 
= C. fornicata, Linn. 


Araucana (Calyptrea), Lesson. Zool. de la Coq., ii, part 1, 


No. 156, 1830; Guerin’s Mag., 1831, t. 14. 
= Cal. radians, Lam. 


Arcuata (Crepidula), Brod. Brit. Mus. Cat., xxvii, So. 


Am., 49. = Crep. arenata, Brod. 

Arcuata (Crepidula), ‘ Brod.,” Orb., Gray. Brit. Mus. Cat., 
xxvii, 49. —C. dilatata, Lam. 

Arenata (Crepidula), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pl. xxix, 7 
— fornicata (Crepidula), Linn. : 

Arietinus (Galerus), Rochebrune. Bull. Soc. Philom., 180, 
1882-3, : 

Aspersa (Trochita), C. B. Ad. Ann. Lyeeum Nat. Hist. vs 
443, 1852, . 


Astericola (Pileopsis), Aa. and Rve. "Voy. Samarang, 69, 


pl. x1f. 1, 1848, ° : 
Atra (Crepidula), Phil. Menke’s ‘Zeitsch., 68, 1851, 


Auriculata (Patella), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 336, pl. elx. 


— scutellatum, Gray, var. . 

Auritum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., aS pe 11, 1859. 
= C. scutellatum, Gray, var. . 

Australis (Hipponyx), Menke. Zeit., 186, 1847. 
= barbatus (Hipponyx), Sowb. 


Australis Carpeny. x) ae VOY: de DAstr., i, pl. 125 


25-34, 


Badius (Capulus), Dkr. Moll. Mar. Japan, 124, t. 13, f. 


15-17, 1882, 
Balanoides (Calyptreea), Reeve. “Conch. Icon., xi; sp. 21, 
1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. 
Barbatus (Hipponyx), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soc., 5, 1835, 
Bicarinata (Amathina), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1860, 399, 
Bicatillus, Swains. Malac., 354, 1840, ; : « 102, 


PAGE, 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 141 


PAWE. 
Bilobata (Crepidula), Gray. Zool. Proc., 745, 1867, . rae ar 
Brocechia, Bronn. Zeit. Min., ii, 538, 1827, . - . 106 
Broderipii (Crucibulum imbricatum, var.), Carp. ‘Zool. 
Proc., 168, 1856. = scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray. 
Bulla (Calyptrza), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 4, 1858. 
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . : é : . 138 


Calceolina (Crepidula), Desh. Enc. Méth., ii, 26. 
= C. unguiformis, Lam. . ; q : . 130 

Californica. (Cry pta), Nutt MSS. 
= C. aculeata, Gmel. 


A Seves se bauer er) 
Calypeopsis, Lesson. Zool. Voy. Coquille, 1830. 


= Crucibulum, Schum. . : 2 . 102 
Calyptriea, Lam. Syst. an., 70, 1801. 

— Mitrularia, Schum. ; : : : : . 108 
Calyptrea, Lamarck. Prodr., 1799, ; : - 03) 108; 119 


Calyptrxiformis (Calyptrea), Lam. Anim. sans vt., vil, 12, 122 
Caly ptreiformis er: Desh. Ene. Méth., ii, 87, No. 


12, 130 
Cancellata (Calyptrea), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 

70, pl. ii, fig. 4. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. : solar 
Candeanum (Calyptrza), d’Orb. Cuba., p. 190, . : . 121 
Candida (Crepidula), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Meérid., 

255, 1826. — C. unguiformis, Lam. ” 130 
Capensis (Crepidula), Qnoy. ™ ak de I’ Astr. 1 424, ap 72, 

mone, 14, ce 23) 
Capulacmea, M. Sars, ‘ : : : : 105, 132 


Capulus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., 1.54, TRIO, - 5 : 105, 131 
Caribbeense (Crucibulum Cumingii, var.), Carp. Zool. 


Proe-, 167; 1856. — C. scutellatum, Gray, var. ? ae OE. 
Carinaria (Patella), Bonanni. = = Caly ptreea Sinensis, Linn. 120 
Cassida (Patella), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., 1032, 1815. 

? — Hipponyx australis, Quoy, : : . 136 
Catillina, Gray. Zool. Proe., 744, 1867, : E : . 102 
Cemoria, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 258, 1826. 

= Mitrularia, Schum. : p : ; ; : . 108 
Cepacea (Calyptrea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pl. 27, fig. 

4,1835. — Tectum-sinense (Calyptrea), Gray, ‘ - AST 
Cerithicola (Crepidula), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 225. 

= C. onyx, Sowb. . 7/129 
Cernua (Patella), Gm. Sy st. Nat. wp: 3715, ‘No. 120. 

= Hipponyx subrufus, ‘Dam... . 134 


Chameformis (Amalthea), Rochebrune. Bull. Soe. Philom., 
1881-2, p: 29; Nouv. Archives Mus., 2d ser., iv, 273. 
Beat, antiquatus, Time <>: : F , F : . 134 
Chiliensis (Crepidula), Lesson. Voy. Coq,., ii, 394, . . 130 


142 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.. 


Chinensis (Galerus), Chenu. Man., f. 2350-2351. 
= C. Calyptreiformis, Lam. . ; : 
Chinensis (Calyptrzea), Guild. Swains. Treatise, 233, Fe 12, 
1840. —C. Candeana, d’Orb. : 
Chinensis (Patella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1957, 
= C. sinensis, Linn. 
Chinensis (Noicia), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, 740, 
Chlorina (Calyptraa). Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. , ti, Gis 


1846. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. 
Cicatricosa. (Calyptraea), Reeve. Conch. Icon:, x ‘sp. 3, 
1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. 


Cinerea (Calyptraea), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842. 


= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . 118 
Clypeola, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 735, 1867. 

— Infundibulum, Montf. ; F ; ‘ : 103- 
Clypeolum (Trochita), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 14, 

1859. == Magellanica (Clypeolum), 121 
Cochlolepas, Klein. Ostrac., 119, 1753. 

= Hipponyx, Defrance, . : . 108 
Comma-notata (Caly ptreen), Sowb. Tank. Cat. , app. 4, No. 

821, 1825. —C. Calyptreiformis, Lam. . . 122 
Commodum (Pilidium), Midd. Siberischke Reise., ii, 214, 

1851. =  Capulus radiatus, Sars, . . 132 
Complanata, var. (Crepidula), Krauss Sudafr. Moll., 69. 

— — hepatica (Crepidula), Desh. 128 
Compresso-conicum (Crucibulum spinosum, var.), Carp. 

Zool. Proc., 167, 1856. == C. scutellatum, Gray, var. 118 
Concamerata (Lepas), Martini, Conch., i, 152. 

= (. radians, Lam. . : : : < 121 
Concameratum (Crucibulum), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 

23,1859. =C. scutellatum, Gray, var. . é : . ae 
Conica (Calyptrza), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soe., 1, t. 28; f. 6, 129 
Conica (Amalthea), Schum. Essai nouv. gen., 181, t. 21, f. 

OUST is ; 3 : ' : . 136 
Contorta (Crepidula), Quoy. Voy. de l’Astr., iii, pl. 72, f. 

15,16. = monoxyla (Crepidula), Lesson, . : . 128 
Contorta (Crepidula), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 35, 1851. 

= C. onyx, Sowb. 
Contortus (Galerus), Cpr. Proc. Cal. Soe., iii, 215, . 121 
Convexa (Crepidula), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

il, 227, 125 
Cornea (Calyptreea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pl. 27, 5. 

— M. equestris, Linn., var. : : : . 188 
Cornucopize (Hipponyx), Hutton. Cat. Moll. N. Zeal. ; 

Jour. de Conch., xxvi, 30. — H. australis, Quoy and Gaim. 136 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 143 


PAGE, 
Corrugata (Calyptrea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc, i, BS 27, 
fig. 2, 1835, 3 . 138 
Corrugata (Trochita), Reeve. Conch. Icon., ‘xi, sp. 9, 
1859. — Calyptreea radians, Lam. . : . 122 


Corrugatum (Crucibulum), Carpenter. Proe. Zool. Soc., 

1856, 204. = scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, : ee | 
Costata (Crucibulum), Morch. Mal. Blatt., vii, 76. 

= C. scutellatum, Gray, . : : eG: Pa io rf 
Costata (Calyptreea, var.), Mirch. Mal. Blatt., xxiv, 100. 

= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . ; : ; : ~ iy 
Custata (Crepidula), Desh., Lam. Anim. sans vt., vii, 644. 


= (©. aculeata, Gmel. . 129 
Costellata (Calyptreea), Phil. - Archiv. fiir Naturg. 1845, 62. 

= C. radians, Lam. . E » 121 
Costellatus (Hipponyx), var. , Carp. "Proc. Zool. Soe., 4, 

Pso6.- — H. subrufus, Lam. : . 13% 


Costulata (Crepidula), Dkr. Menke, Zeitsch., 190, 1851, ae 3 
Cranioides (Hipponyx), oa Ann. Mag. N. Hist. 3 Ser., 


xiv, 1864, . . 135 
Crepidula, Lamarck. Prodr. ,1799, : 03, 123 
Crepidula (Patella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1957. 

= unguiformis (Crepidula), Lam. . : , . 130 
Crepipatella, Lesson. Illust. Zool., t. 42, 1830. 

= Crepidula, Lam. . . : , : 5 : . 104 


Crucibulum, Schum. Essai nouv. syst., 182, 1817, . 102, 117 
Crypta, Humphrey. Mus. Callon, 1797. 


= Crepidula, Lam. . , . 104,129 
Crystallinus (Hipponyx), Gould. Proe. Boston Soc. Nat. 

fieh., ar, 161, 1846, . : . 136 
Cumingii (Crucibulum imbricatum), var. _ Carp. Zool. 

Proc., 167, 1856. = OC. scutellatum, Gray. ae 117 
Cuvieri ‘(Calyptraea), Desh. Regné Animal, pl. 48, £ i 

= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, VATS 5 : als 
Cyathella (Calyptrea), Reeve. Conch. leony x1; sp. 2g 

1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. : : : . 138 
Cythera (Pileopsis), Lesson. Voy. Cogq., ii, pt. i, 387, 

ne : : , 3 : ‘ F , 133 


Danieli (Hipponyx), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 81, 161, 1858; 

Jour. de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 205; 3 ser., ii, 22, . P e La6 
Decipiens (Caly ptria), Ph. Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1845, 61, 121 
Dentatum (Crucibulum), Menke. Zeitsch., 1847. 

= scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, : ‘ : bs War 
Depressa (Crepidula), Desh. Ene. Méth., ii, 26. 

= C. dilatata, Lam. . : : : : 


144 INDEX AND SYNONYMY, 


Depressa (Calyptrzea), Ad. and Reeve (not of Lamarck). 
Moll. Voy. Samarang, 70, pl. xi, f. 2a, b. 
Mitrularia Adamsii, Rve. . 
Depressa (Crepidula), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad., 225, 
= C. fornicata, sae : 
Depressus (Capulus), A Ad. Ann. and Mag., 1861, 138, 
— C. radiatus, Sars. . E : - : : : 
Deshayesii (Crepidula), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, 29, 1867. 
= C. unguiformis, Lam. . 
Diaphana (Calyptreea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., ea sp. 23, ‘1858. 
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. 
. Diaphorostoma, Fischer. Man. ‘de Conch, 156, 1835. 
= Platyostoma, Conr. : 
Dilatata (Crepidula), Lam. Anim. sans 1s Vert., Edit. Desh. 
vii, 644, . : : : : : : 
Dilatatus (Capulus), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Dec., 1860, 422. 
= C. radiatus, Sars. - ‘ : ‘ 4 : : 
Dillwynii (Caly ptreea), Gray. 1825, Brit. Mus., Cat. xxvii, 
48. — M. equestris, Linn. : : ; . : ; 
Dispar (Pileopsis), Michelotti. Foss. Mioc. It. Sept., 136, 
i. 5, f) 1,2: = Capulis Muncaricus, inn: 2 : : 
Dispotea, Say. Jour. Philad. Acad., iv, 131, 1824. 
= Crucibulum, Schum. 
Dormitoria (Calyptrea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 5, 


1858. == Mitrularia equestris, Linn. : 
Dorsata (Calyptrza), Brod. Trans. Zool. Boe. i ab 28, f. 
HO ,1835;. 2. : 5 : . 127, 


Echinus (Calyptriea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc. V1; 203, t. 29, 
f.1. = Crep. aculeata, Gmel. = A, 
Effodiens s (Hipponyx), Carp. ' ‘Proc, Ziol. Soc., 1856, p. 5, 
Elegans (Capulus), Tapp.-Can. Museo Civico Genoa, ix, 286, 
Equestris (Mitrularia), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit , xii, 1257, 
Ergea, H. and A. Adams. Genera i, 370, 1854. 
= Siphopatella, Lesson, . : , : : : 
Excavata (Crypta), Brod. Pro. Zool. Soc., 46, 1834. 
= (. adunea, Sowb. . ‘ , : ‘ ‘ : 
Excisa (Crepidula), Phil. Menke, Zeitsch., 24, 1849, 
Exogyroceras, Meek and Worthen, 1868.05": 
Explanata (Crepidula), Gould. Cal. and Mex. Shells, 4, t. 
14,4.%. 2? = C, Lessonii, Brod. : : : sos 
Extinctorium (Calyptrea), Lam. Anim. sans Vt., vil, 622, 
Extinctorium (Crucibulum), Sowb. (non Lam.). Gen., f. 3 
= scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, 
Exuviata (Crypta), Nutt. MS. per tes a Proc. 738, "1867. 
= C. Lessonii, Brod. : é Lia, 


PAGE, 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Fastigiata (Calyptrea), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist., ii, 161. = C. mamillaris, Brod. 

Ferrugineum (Crucibulum), Reeve. Conch. Icon. wel, ‘sp. 5. 
1858. = scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, 


Fibulata (Calyptraea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 11, 1858. 
— Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . F 
Fimbriata (Crepidula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi 8p. 1, 1859. 
— Lessoni (Crepidula), Brod. . ; 
Fissurata (Crepidula), Sowb. Thes. Conch. JED: 10, 1883. 
= C. adunca, Sowb. . ‘ 
Foliacea (Caliptrea), Brod. “Trans. Zool. Soe, i, t. 28, fea, 
1835. ? — Crep. dorsata, Brod. é : 197, 
Foliaceus (Hipponyx), Menke. Zeit., 1851, 36 (non Quoy. 
and G.). = H. serratus, Carp. 
Foliaceus (Hipponyx), Quoy. V oy Astrol., t. 72, his 11-45. 
—H. antiquatus, Linn. . ; : : 
Fornicata (Crepidula), Phillippi. “Moll. Sicil., io tle lesG. 
= C. Moulinsii, Mich. : ; : : : = Ls; 
Fornicata (Patella), Linn. Syst. Nat. 1257, 3 : 
Fusca (Trochita), Carp. Thes. Conch. Index. 
= Calyptreea mamillaris, Brod. ; : 
Fusco- -punctata (Crepidula excavata, var. a: Moreh. Mal. 
Blatt., vii, 74. = C. aduneca, Sowb. 


Galericulus, Seeley. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., Ser. iii, vil, ee 
1861, : : . : 5 ; 

Galeropsis, Conrad (not Hupé), : é 

-Galerus, Humphrey, 1797. — Oalyptreea, Lam. 

Garnotia, Gray. Zool. BLOG. fad 180, a0. : . 104, 

Garnotii (Pileopsis), oe Cat. 94, pL, figs. 3, 4. 
= Gadinia, 

Gemmacea (Calyptriea), var. "Valenciennes. Voy. Venus., 
xv. = scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, 

Gibbosa (Crepidula), Def. Dict. Nat. Sci., xi, 397, No. 2. 
= C. fornicata, Linn. : 

Gibbosa (Crepidula), Desh. "Ann. sans Vert., Edit. ii, vii, 
eai. =. Moulinsii, Mich. . 

Glauca (Crepidula), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

Goreensis (Crepidula), Desh. Lam. Anim. sans Vt., vii, oe 

Grandis (Crepidula), Midd. Malaco. Rossica, 101. 
= (. dilatata, Lam. . : 2 

Granulatus (Capulus), A. Adams. Zool. Proc:; ‘176, 1853, 
t. 20, f. 3, : 

Grayanus (Hippony x), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 115, 1853, 

10 


145 


PAGE, 


146 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Haliotidea, Swains. Malac., 354, 1840. 
— — Sigapatella, Lesson, 


PAGE, 


- 103 


Harttia, Walcott. Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, No. 10, 18, 1884, 109 
Helicoidea (Trochita), Sowb. Thes. Conch., XXXiX, Sp. 19, 

1k83, : : 122 
Hepatica (Crepidula), Desh. Ene. Méth, it; 26, Nowy. 

? = C. onyx, Sowb. ‘ : . 128 
Hipponiciformis (Caly ptreea), Reeve. ‘Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 

26, 1858. = C. equestris, Linn. : 5 : . 138 
Hipponyx, Defrance. Bull. des Se. 9, 1819, : . 108, 134 
Hispida (Calyptrea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc,, iy sexvil, 1. 

10, 1835. = Crue. scutellatum, Gray, var. . .* 112, tas 
Holurthii (Crepidula), Parry. hes. Conch. Index, 131 
Hungaricus (Capulus), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1259, . 131 
Hystrix (Calyptraea), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc. 39, 1834. 

= Crep. aculeata, Gmel. . aS . LQ, 113,018 
Tanacus, Mirch. Yoldi Cat.,i, 146,1852, . : . 104, 130 
Igoceras, Hall, 1859, 3 ; . ; : - he 
Imbricata (Hipponyx), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

Fist, Hy 261. : : . 136 
Imbricatum (Crucibulum), Brod. Zool. Jour. golly: tie Bulle thee te 

= scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, Lil, Tg 
Immersa (Crepidula), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soe. bt, 1865. 

= C. rugosa, Nutt. . : . 128 
Immersa (Crepidula), Ad. and Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. 

Conch. = C. porcellana, Linn. 

Incurva (Patella), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3715. 

= C. intortus, Lam. 

Incurva (Crypta), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 40. 

= C. adunea, Sowb. . . 129 
Incurvata (Crepidula), Brod. and Bam! Zool. Journ., iv, 

370. = Incurva (Crypta), Brod. 

Infundibulum, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 166, 1810,. 103 
Intermedia (Calyptrea), d’Orb. oe Amer. mer., 463, t. 

59, f. 4-6, 22 
Intortus (Capulus), Lamarck. Anim, sans Vert. eer ‘pt. 2, 

18, 1822, . 131 
Intusconcamerata (Lepas), Martini. Conch. Cab. 

= Calypt. radians, Lam. 

Italica (Crepidula), Detr. Dict. Sc. Nat. | My Oot 

= unguiformis (Crepidula), Lam. . . 130 
pee os ee ee Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 138, 

1861, : 5 . 133 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Krebsia, Mirch. Mal. Blatt., xxiv, 97, 1877. 
— Hipponyx, Defrance, 

Krebsii (Piliscus), Mérch. Mal. Blatt., Xxiv, 100, 1877. 
= Williamia, Monts. (Siphonariide), 


Lactuecacea (Calyptrea), Rochebrune. Bull. Soc. Philom., 


' 179, 1882-3, : ; 
Leevigata (Calyptreea), Chenu. Man. ip 9331. 
= C. extinctorium, Lam. 2 ‘ 
Leevigata (Calyptreea), L am, Anim. sans vt., vii, 623. 
— 0. Sinensis (Calyptrza), Linn. . 
Lamarekii (Calyptrea), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 186, 1841. 
==€. mamillaris, Brod... : 
Lamarckii (Calyptrea), Desh. Lamarck, Anim. sans vt., 
vii, 627, 1836. =—C. Calyptreiformis (Trochita), Lam. 
Lamellosa (Crepidula)~(Crypta), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., ae 
1862, . 
Lamellosa (Trochita), A. Ad. Sowerby, Thes. Coneh., sp. 
16,1883. = Cal. Candianum, Orb. . : 
Lateralis (Trochita), Sowb. Thes. Conch., XXXiX, sp. 9, 
1883, : ‘ 3 : A : , 
Lay ardii (Caly ptriea), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 28, 1858. 
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . 
Lentiginosa (Crepidula), Sowb. Thes. ‘Conch. , Sp. 18, 1883, 
Lessonii (Crepidula), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soe. 11,204, t. 29, 


f. 5, 1835, . : : : 126, 

Liberatus (Capulus), Pease. "Am. Jour. Conch., iil, 284, pl 
24, f. 2, 1867. =—C. intortus, Lam. . 

Lichen (C alyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soe., i pl XXViii, 
f. 4, 1835. —C. mamillaris, Brod. . 

Lignaria (Calyptreea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pl. xxvii, 
f. 8,1835. “— Scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, 


Lineolata (Crepidula), Desh. Ene. Méth., ii, No. 4. 
Lingulata (Crepidula), Gould. Otia. Conch. 

= UC.dorsata, Brod. . : : : : : el Tic 
Litata (Crepidula), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 30, 1859. 

= C.onyx,Sowb. . - : ; : : : 
Lithedaphus, Owen. Zool. Proc., 147, 1842. 

= Mitrularia, Schum. ; : : : : : 
Lividum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 25, 1859. 

= C. extinctorium, Lam. ‘ . ; : : 
Longirostris (Lithedaphus), Owen. 

= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . : F : ‘ 
Lorica (Calyptrea), Brod. Brit. Mus. Cat., xxvii; Gray 

(Orb., So. Am.), p.47. = mamillaris (Calyptreea), Brod. 
Lyroseapha, Conrad. = Crepidula, Lam. . . : ; 


148 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 

Maculata (Calyptrea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pl. xxvii, 

4, =Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . Lise 
Maculata (Trochita), Quoy. Voy. de l’Astr., iii, 422, pl. 12, 

f. 6,9, 1834. = C. Calyptreitormis, Ramone . 123 
Maculosa (Crypta), Conr. Proc. Philad. Acad., 26, 1846. 

= Crep. fornicata, Linn. . : : : ; : . 124 
Magellanica (Clypeolum), Gray. Zool. Proc., 785, 1867. 

= C.mamillaris, Brod. . , : ; : é ~ ion 
Mamillaris (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. “Sac., 1, pl. 

XXvili, 5, 1835, . é d : : . 120 
Mamma ’(Caly prea), Siemaschko. Bulletin des Natur. de 

Moscou, 1847, 122. = C. Sinensis, Linn. : : . 120 
Mammula’ (Dispotea), Rochebrune. Bull. Soc. Philom., 

179, 1882-3, - : : : ‘ : . 119 
Marginalis (Cry pta), Brod. ‘Zool. Trans., i 205; t.29 it. 9) 

1835. = C. onyx, Sowb. . 129 
Martiniana (Calyptreea), Rve. Conch. Icon. Beas sp. 13; “1858. ; 

= Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. . : . 138 
Metoptoma, Phillips. Geol. Yorksh., a 293, 1836, : - 106 


Militaris (Pileopsis), Linn. Mantissa, 552. 


= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn.,juv. . : j « Lae 
Militaris (Patella), Wood. Ind. Test., 1895. 
?— Capulus intortus, Lam. : : . 132 


Minor (Hipponyx), Garrett. Cal. Proc., vol. L103 5) « 13st 
Minuta (Crepidula), Midd. Malaco. Rossica, 101. 

== (C.dilatata, lam. . ; 4 3 . - ~ 128 
Mitella, Leach. = Calyptrea, Lam. 
Mitrella, Gray. Zool. Proc., 740, 1867. = Mitrularia, Schum. 108 
Mitrula ( Patella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3708. 


= Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. : «134 
Mitrularia, Schum. Essai nouy. Syst., 183, lei, . 108, Ter 
Monoxyla (Calyptrea), Lesson. Voy. Cone, i rapt. do dle 

1830, @ 138 
Morbidum (Crucibulum), Rve. thet eon: a! sp. 24, 1859. 

== C. extinctorium, Lam. . = lg 
Moulinsii (Crepidula), Mich. Bull. Soc. Linn. Brod. sul 265. 

= Jefireys, Zool. Proc., 680, 1882, . ; - 126 
Muricata (Patella), Costa, Cat., 124. 

= C. Sinensis (Calyptriea), Linn. : : : . 120 


Nautarum (Crypta), Humph. Cat., 9, Moreh, Mal. Blatt. 
xxiv, 103, 1877. = C. fornicata, Linn. . . 124 
Nautiloides (Crepidula), Lesson MSS. IIL. de Zoil. es pl. 42. 
= C. dilatata (Crepidula), Lam. = C. fornicata, Linn. 124, 127 
Navicella (Crepidula), Less. Voy. Cogq., ii, pt. i, 388, . 130 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


149 


P. 
Navicelloides (Crepidula), Nutt. Jay’s Cat. of Shells, No. on 


3035. ? — C. Lessonii, Brod. . . 116, 
Navicula (Crypta), Dkr. ‘MSS. Mirch, Mal. Blitt., XXiv, 

Maeisit. ?—C. convexa, Say. . : 
Neleta, Gray. Zool. Proc., 743, 1867. 

= Crucibulum, Schum. ; é - : : 
Neptunii (Calyptreea), Dill. Descrip. Cat., 1017, 1885. 

= C. equestris, Linn. : é : j : : : 
Neritoides (Crepidula), Recluz. Jour. de. Conch., 205, My 

feo 86.-19, 1851. = Latia, [bid., iti, 260, 1852, —s«z 
Nivea (Crepidula), C. B. Ad. ‘Panama Shells, 234, 1859, 115, 
Nobilis (Amathina), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 312, 1867. 
Nove-Zelandiz (Calyptraea), Lesson. Voy. Coq., Ml, Soo. 

1830. = €. Calyptreiformis, Lam. . : : : : 
Noicia, Gray. Zool. Proc, 740, 1867. 

— Siphopatella, Lesson. . 3 104, 
Nummaria (Crepidula), Gould. Bost. Proc. Otia. Conch. 15. 

= C. dilatata, Lam. ; : : : : : 


Occidentalis (Trochita), Gray. Fig. Moll. An.,1850,iv rP- 84. 
= Calyptrea Candiana. d’Orb. . 

Onyx (Crepidula), Sowb. Gen. of Shells, No. 23, te 2s 

Orientalis (Hipponyx), Dufo. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1840, 20%. 
— H. australis, Quoy, : 

Ornata (Protomedea), Costa, p. 74, te Xi, f. 6 a, Ox; “Ann. 
Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th Ser., xii, 251. 
= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. . : : 

Orthonychia, Hall. Geol. N. Y., iv, 171, 1843, ; 

Osculans (Crepidula), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat., 1852. 
= Scutellina. 

Ossea (Calyptrea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 19, 1858. 
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. ; : : : 


Paleacea (Pileopsis), Menke. Synopsis, p. 89, . 

Pallida (Crepidula), Brod. Trans, Zool. Soc.,i, 204, pl. 29, 
f 3, 1835. = C. dilatata, Lam. 

Panamensis (Hipponyx), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 218, 
= Antiquatus (Hipponyx), Linn. . 

Papy racea (Calyptraa), A. Ad. MS. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 
sp. 6, 1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. : - 

Parvulus (Galerus), Dkr. Jahrb. Mal. Ges., 1875, p. 244, 

Patagonica (Crepidula), d’Orb. Voy. Amer. mer., 464, pl. 
58, iaeeo.  £ = GC. fornicata, Linn. ; i : : : 

Patula (Crepidula), Desh. Encye. Meth., ii, 27. 
= C. dilatata, Lam, ; . : d : 


126 


150 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Pectinatum (Crucibulum), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, 

168. = C. scutellatum, Gray, . . 1 
Pellucida a (Galy ptrea), Rve. Trochita, f 2, 1859, : . 120 
Perforans (Calyptrea), Val. Voy. Venus, t. 24, 'f 9, 1846. 


wR a 16 GOO RE ROL NS IEA AA LLL ESCAPED 


= Crepidula Lessonii, Brod. . . 115, 126 
Peruviana (Calyptraea), Desh. Eneye. Meth., il, 170, 1830. 

= Radians (Trochita), Lam. _ . . Lae 
Peruviana (Crepidula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert. edit. Desh., 

vii, 644. — C. dilatata, Lam. . LOR 
ied ctiphera (Trochita), Rochebrune. _ Bull. Soc. Philom., 

179, 1882-3, ; : ; ; : : . 122 
Pileolus (Calyptreea), a Orb. Voy. Amer. mer., 468, t. 78, 

£5, 6; : : ‘ : : ; . 122 
Pileopsis (C aly ptreea), ‘Quoy. Voy. de 1l’Astr., iii, pl. 72, 

figs. 19,20. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. 3 - . 138 
Pileopsis, Lam. Extr. d’un Cours., 1812. 

= Capulus, Monffort, - : . 105 
Pileus (Trochita), Lam. Deless. Icon., st: 34, f. 2. : 

= Calyptrea radians, Lam. i 
Pilidium, Midd. (not Forbes). Beitr. Mal. Ross. vl 1849. . | 

— — Capulacmea, Sars, 5 : - 105 at 
Piliscus, Lovén. Ofv. K. vet. Ak., 1859. | 

= Capulacmea, M. Sars. . - 105 
Pilosus (Pileopsis), Desh. Guerin’s Mag. ‘de Zool. i: ph 9, : 

1831.. — H. barbatus, Sowb. . : . 135 an 
Plana (Calyptreea), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang gpl. xi, } 

f..3.° = C. Walshii, Hermannson, “- . 130 : 
Plana (Crepidula), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., Fs 

226. = C.unguiformis, Lam. . : ” 130 . | 
Planata (Crucibulum imbricatum, var.),. Mirch. Mal. | 

Blatt., vii, 76. -—  C. scutellatum, Gray, . : : = 2 | 
Planatum (Crucibulum), Schum. Essai nov. syst. + 

= C. scutellatum, Gray, var. . : 5 - 118° 
Planatus (Hipponyx), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 298, LSdil%, » len §g 
Platyceras, Conrad. Rep. Geol. N. Y., 1840, . : . 106 } 
Poculina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 742, 1867. | 

= Mitrularia, Schum. . 108 t 
Poculum (Trochita), Rve. Conch. Icon., ail sp. se 1859. : 

= Calypt. mamillaris, Brod. . « 12t 
Polii (Calyptrea), Scacchi. Cat. =C. Sinensis, Linn. . 120 Re 
Porcellana (Patella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Hdit,, xii, 1257. °. ..196 t 
Porosa (Calyptreea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 20, 1858. 4 

= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . 138 3 
Prerupta (Crepidula), Conrad. U.S. Expl. Exped., x 191, 3 

19,9,9¢. =—C. dilatata, Lam. : OF 4 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Peziza (Calyptriea), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 10. 
= Crue. scutellatum, Gray, var. : 
Princeps (Crypta), Conrad. Gabb. Pal. Calif, il, "82. 
= C. dilatata, Lam. . : 
Probus (Piliscus), Lovén, 1851. 


= Capulus radiatus, Sars. 5 3 5 - ; . 132 
Profunda (Crepidula), Hutton. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Zeal., 

14,1873. = C. monoxyla, Lesson, 2 . 128 
Proscenula, Perry. Conch., ea eat —- Crepidula, Lam. 104 
Protea (Crepidula), d’Orb. (in part). Voy. de l’Amer. Mer., 

465; Voy. Cuba, ii, 192. —C. fornicata, Linn. . 114, 124 
Protea (Crepidula), d’Orb. (in part). Woy. Cuba, 11, 192, 

t. 24, f. 30,31; Voy. Amer. Merid., 465. 

= C. unguiformis, Lam. 
Quiriquina (Calyptreea), Lesson. Voy. de la Coq., 397, No. 

157, 1830, : : 3 : : : : : By he) 
Radians (Trochita), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, ee Ce 
Radiata (Calyptrea), Desh. Enc. Méth., ii, 17, No. 3, 1830, 121 
Radiatum (Crucibulum), Brod. Trans. "Zool. Soc., ae pl. 

xxvii, f. 6, 1835, : : : : 5 : obit is 
Radiatum (Pilidium), Sars. Reise Lofoten, 64, 1850. 

Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., xix, 321, 1877, 132 
Radiatus (Hipponyx), Quoy et Gaimard. Voy. Uranie, 

454, t. 69, f. 1-5 : . 135 
Radiatus (Hippony x<)s Gray. Proc. Zool. Soe. ; p. 5, 1835. 

= H. Grayanus, Menke. . 135 
Radiola (Calyptriea), Desh. Enc. Méth., ity 178, 1830, ee eal 
Radiosa (Calyptraea), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., 

ii, 160. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . : : . 138 
Reducta (Pileopsis), (Brocchia), Desh. Cat. Moll. Ile 

Reunion, page 51, 1863, : : 5 : ; . 106 
Regularis (Trochita), C. B. Ad. Panam. Shells, 224. 

= Mamillaris (Trochita), Brod. , : : : 121 
Riisei (Crepidula), Dkr. Menke, Zcitsch., 189, 1852. 

= C. fornicata, Linn. ; : : 2 : ; . 124 
Roissyi (Calyptrea), Dufo. Ann. Sci. Nat., Oct. 1841, f. 

206. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. lst 
Rostrata (Crepidula), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 935, 

= C.adunca, Sowb. . . 129 
Rostriformis (Crepidula), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

Hist., ii, 160. ==  C. adunca, Sowb. j = 129 
Rudis (Calyptrza), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc. lie 196. 

= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, mea ae 
Rugulosa (Crepidula), Dunker. Menke, Zeitsch., 5 LOS, ‘1846, 130 


Le INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Rugulosa (Amalthea), Dunker. Mal. Blatt., xviii, 151,1871, 137 
Rugulosa (Calyptrea), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, 150, 1871, 139 
Rugosa (Crepidula), Nutt. Jay’s Cat. of Shells, 41; Zool. 
Proc., 1856. = C. onyx, Sowb. ; : : : . §2e 
Rugosum (Crucibulum), var., Lesson. Guer. Mag., pl. ii. 


= Scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, : : - . LE 
Sacchari-meta (Calyptrea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, Sp. 15, 

1858. = C. equestris, Linn., var. . . 1338 3 
Sagittifer (Capulus), Gould. Wilkes’ Exp., "383, 1859, . 132 


Sandalium, Schum. Essai nouy. syst., 183, 1817. 
= Crepidula, Lam. . , ; : : : : . 104 
Scabies (Calyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 16, 1858. 


— Mitrularia tectum-sinense, Lam. . é 5 ; . ae 
Seabies (Crepidula), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, P. 18, 1859. 

= C. Walshii, Herm. . 130 
Scutellata (Patella), Gray it in Wood. Ind. Test. ‘Supp, pl. 

viii, 4, . 14 
Seutum (Calyptreea), Lesson. Voy. Coq. vii, pt. 1395, 1830, 122 
Scutulum (Calyptrza), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi oe 30, 1858. 

= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . : 13m 
Sella (Calyptreea), Mke. Synopsis, 89, ~ 1s 
Serrata (Caly ptreea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soe., i ; “pl. XXViii, 

f. 1. == Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, . : - . 
Serratus (Hipponyx), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 296, °. . 134 
Shreevei (Capulus), Conrad. A.J. C., v, 105, pl. 13, f. 3, - aa 
Sigapatella, Lesson. Zool. Voy. Coquille, 1830, . 103, 122 


Sinensis (Calyptrzea), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1257, . ies 
Sinuosa (Crepidula), Turton. Zool. Jour., ii, 364, t. 13,f. 5, 

= C.unguiformis, Lam. . é . 130 
Siphopatella, Lesson. Zool. V oy. ” Coquille, 1830, . 104, 130 
Sitchana (Crepidula), Midd. Mal. Rossica, pt. ii, 100, t. 11, 


f. 8-5. 2? = 'C.onyx, Sowb. : . 129 
Solida (Crepidula), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur. 53, pl 16, f. G 8, 
= C. adunca, Sowb. . « 128 


Solida (Trochita), Rve. Conch. Icon. Pe | Sp. 10, 1859. 

= C. mamillaris, Brod. 
Sordida (Calyptrza), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soe. i, pl. eer 2. 

= C. radians, Lam. . - : : ; . tak 
Spectrum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 13, 

1859. = C. scutellatum, Gray, var., aS 
Spinifera (Mitrella), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, 741, - 128 
Spinosa (Calyptrzea), Sowb. Gen. of Shells, "f. 4, 7. 

= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var... ~ 10; 1b ee 
Spinulosa (Trochita), Chemn. 

= C. sinensis (Trochita), Linn. ane e ; ; . 120 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 153 


Spirata (Calyptrea), Nardo, == C.Sinensis, Linn. . . 120 
, Spirata (Calyptrzea), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, 271. 
i = C. radians, Lam. . . 121 
| Spiricella, Rang. Bull. Soc. Linn. , Brod., ii 296, 1883, = 106 
| Spirocrypta, Gabb. Pal. Catif. i, 137, 1864, - . 104 
Squama (Crypta), Brod. Trans. "Zool. Soc., i, 205, 1839. 
= Crepidula Lessonii, Brod. . : .110, 126 
| Squama (Calyptrea), Desh. Enc. Méth. jul ‘116, No. 1%. 
= C. Sinensis, Linn. : : : . 120 
| Stella (Calyptrea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi sp. 24, 1858. 
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . sailon 
|  Striata (Calyptreea), Brod. (not of Say). Trans. Geol. Soc., 
| i, pl. xxviii, 6. — Crue. scutellatum, Gray. var. 
Striata (Calyptreea), Brod. (not Say). Zool. Proc., 38, 1834. 
| = C. scutellatum, Gray, var. . : : : : <P Lt8 
|  Striatum (Crucibulum), pau Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
| 7 216,1826, —. Gt. 118 
Strigata’ (Crepidula), Brod. "Trans. Zool. Soce., iy ple 28 f. 
~~ =. dorsata, Brod. . : : 12a. P29 


Strigillata (Crepidula), Dkr. Menke Zeit., iii, 1853, : Page Ly | 


Striolata (Crepidula), Menke. Zeit. fur Malac., 1351, 30. 


1 
| 
| 
= (©. Lessonii, Brod. . : : : : : - 110, 126 
Stultorum (Calyptrea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 12, 1858. 
| = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . 138 
Subreflexa (Calyptreea), Carp. Zool. Proce. ; "933, 1855, « 120 
Subrufus (Hipponyx), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vi, p. 18, . 134 
Subspirata (Crepidula), Blainv. Malac., pl. 48, bis. aay ie ee Ci 
Succinea (Calyptreea), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. merid. 
| == C. Sinensis, Linn. . : : - s : : me b-1U) 
| * Snuturalis (Hipponyx), Quoy. Voy. del’Astr,, iii, 440, pl. 72, 
| figs. 39,40. =H. australis, Quoy, . . : 4 . 136 
Tectum-sinense Oke Aa Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 
G24, . ‘ : ; Z : : - . 139 
Tegulicia (Cryptay, Rochebrune. Bull. Soe. Philom., 180, 
1882-3, ; : - : é . 13st 
Tenue (Bropilidium), Jeff. MSS. Monts. Bull. Soc. Mol. 
Ital., vi, 66. = Siphonariide, . : . 132 
Tenuis (Calyptreea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pl. XXVI, 
f. 9. = Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . elas 
Tenuis (Trochita), Gray. P. Z. See 1867, 135; Hutton, Jour. 
merConch., xxvi, 30. = C. scutum, Lesson, f = tae 


Tenuis (Calyptrea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i ie BS t. 27, 
f,9. =— Crue. scutellatum, Gray, var. 

Thyca, H. and A. Adams. Genera I, 372, 1854, . - 106,>13 

Ticaonicus (Hipponyx), Sowb. Thes., 370, : : Be ey 


154 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. — 


Tongana (Calyptrea), Quoy. Voy. de l’Astr., ili, pl. 72, figs. 

17,18. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . ; . 138 
Tomentosa ‘(Trochita), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 71. 

= Calyptreformis (Trochita), Lam. . 193 
Tortilis (Calyptrea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, SP 2, 1858. 

= C. equestris, Linn. var. . 138 
Trelania, Gray. Zool. Proc., 744, 1867. ‘ 

— Mitrularia, Schum. ‘ f : ‘ - 102 

Trelania, Gray. Zool. Proe. cece 1867. ‘ 

= Crucibulum, Schum. . : : . - 108 
Tricarinata (Amathina), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1259, 

= A. tricostata, Gmelin, . : ‘ . 133 


Tricostata (A mathina), Gmelin. Syst. N at., Edit. xiii, 3698, 133. 


Trigona (Amathina), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, 251, . 133 
Trigonalis (Calyptraa), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang., 70, 


pl. ix, Ta,b. = Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . 118 
Trigonus (Hipponyx), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3714, 

? =H subrufus, Lam. ; : . 134 
Trochatella, Lesson. Voy. Coquille, 1830. . 

= — Infundibulam, Montf. . : : : . 103 
Trochella, Gray. Zool. Proc., 735, 1867. 

= — Sigapatella, Lesson, . : : : . 103 
Trochiformis (Patella), Gmel. Syst. Nat. 

= Cal. radians, Lam. : : : . ae 
Trochilina, Gray. Zool. Proe., 741, 1867. 

— Mitrularia, Schum. y ; : : . 108 

Trochoides (Patella), Dillwyn. Cat., ii, 1018. 4 

= Calypt. radians, Lam. . : : . 121 
Trochita, Schum. Essai nowy. syste 184, 1817. 

= — Infundibulum, Montf. . : : . 103 
Tuberculatus (Hipponyx), oe Proc. Zool. SOC., (prey 

1856, - ; : : 4 . 134 
Tubifera (Calyptreea), Gray. Prog. Zool. Soc., 1857, p. 748. 

— Mitrularia equestris, var. aculeata, « ss 
Tubifera (Calyptrzea), Lesson. Voy. Coquille, il , pt. i 391, 


1830. = (Crucibulum), scutellatum, Gray, var. : "312 , Lis 
Tubiferum (Crucibulum), Say. Gray, in Zool. Proc:; 746, 

1867. == C. scutellatum, Gray, var. ) 
Tumens (Hipponyx), Carpenter. Ann. and Mag., 3d des 

xv, S05 dS6b. 3 . 135 
Tylacus, Conrad. = — Crepidula, Lam. : . 104 
Tryblidium, Lindstrém. 1880. — — Metoptoma, Phillips, . 106 


Uneata (Crepidula), Menke. Zeitschrift ftir Malac , 1847, 
184. = C. adunca, Sowb. : : : : 2 » 129 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Ungarica (Pileopsis), Lam. Anim. s. Vt., vil, 609. 
= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. 


Ungaricoides (Pileopsis), d’Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., 457, 


pl. 78, fig. 4, 


aris (Caly ptriea), Brod. Trans. Zool. oes it, “pl. xxviii, 


f.3. = C. mamillaris, Brod. 
Unguis (Patella), Sowb. Min. Conch., 88, t. 139, f. 7, 8. 
= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. 


Unguiformis (Crepidula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 
642, . Pde hpy WAG ROR: 


Umbrella (Calyptriea), Desh. Ene. Méth., ii, 173, No. 8. 
= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var... 

Umbo (Calyptreea), Rve. Conch. Icon. sly Sp. 33, 1858. 
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn, 


Uncinata (Calyptriea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. if, ‘1858. 


= M. equestris, Linn., vai 


Vanikorensis (Calyptrea), Quoy. Voy. de 1’Astr. ee 
12, figs. 21-23.. — Mitrularia equestris, Linn. 

Varia Pps), Brod. Trans. Ziol. Soe., i, pl. 27, fig. 3 
1835. ‘ia equestris, Linn. 

Ventricosa (Trochita), a Mazat. Cat, 264. 
? — C. radians, Lam. 

Verrucosum (Crucibulum), re ign eon pels sp. 19, 
1859, 

Vestita (Caly ptreea), Phil. Zeit. Mal., 65, 1851, 


Violaceum (Crucibulum), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soe 


ty, 


1856, 167. —C. scutellatum, Gray, 


Violaceus (Capulus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, 114. 


felp. t. 23, ‘ 
Vulgaris (Caly ptrea), Phil. "Enum. Moll. Sic., ii, 93. 
= C. Sinensis, Linn. . ‘ . ; : ; 


Walshii (Crepidula), Hermanson. Reeve, Icon., xi, sp. 17, 


1859. = Walshii (Crepidula), Hermann, 


? 


Famity XZ NOPHORIDZ. 


Shell depressed or conical, trochiform, with carinated periph-_ 


ery, not nacreous, soldering shells, stones, etc., to its upper sur- 


face. Operculum large, horny, subannular, with lateral dextral — 
nucleus, muscular impression sinistral, semilunar, extending the 


whole length. 


Animal with long, annulated muzzle, elongated, subulate ten-_ | 
tacles, with sessile eyes at their external base; foot small, used 


for jumping, not walking, with the anterior ae expanded, 
posteriorly tapering ; gill long, composed of narrow lamine and 
filaments. Dentition, 2°1:1:1:2; the central tooth subtrigonal, 
multicuspid, laterals large, subtriangular, the margin reflected 
and multicuspid, the marginals very narrow and long, arcuated 
(Pl. 30, fig. 8). 

These mollusks scramble along like the Strombs; they extend 
and fix the front dilated part of the foot, and draw the posterior 
portion up to it, jerking the shell forwards at every movement ; 
this mode of progression is adapted to the nature of the surface 
on which they move, which is usually composed of the debris 
of dead shells. The shell resembles a Trochus, but the texture 
is not nacreous. The peculiarity of this tribe is the habit of 
agelutinating foreign bodies to the upper surface of the shell, 
which is carried to such an extent in some instances as to con- 
ceal the volutions and give the structure the appearance of a 
small pile of fragments of stones and shells. That this imitation 
of its surroundings is protective in its nature, there can be no 
doubt; but in some of the species the protection is not apparent, 
the agglutinating process being restricted within narrow bounds, 
or sometimes not developed, and when exhibited is confined to 
a single row of small bivalves or stones on the suture or periph- 
ery, arranged with a degree of regularity as to size, and occur- 
rence indicating the existence of choice or artistic taste on the 
part of the mollusk. Of the shells attached, single valves of 
lamellibranchs are preferred, probably because they give more 

(156) 


XENOPUORID®. 157 


surface for their weight than univalves, and as the back affords 
the best surface for attachment, the interior of these is turned 
up and free, thus making the whole mass particularly uninviting 
to any creature disposed to essay the destruction of the structure 
with a view to molluscous food. The near relatives of the 
Xenophoride, the Vermetids, are as well protected by soldering 
their shells to the surface of large bodies, but other groups not 
very distant appear to have no dependence but on their shell. 


Genus XENOPHORA, Fischer de Waldheim, 1807. 


Shell conical, trochiform, upper surface carrying shells, stones 
and madrepores, irregularly arranged, so as sometimes to almost 
completely disguise tlie surface; imperforate or narrowly rimate ; 
lower face of peripheral carina striate and granular. 

. Tropical Seas. 

Phorus, Montfort, 1810,and Pseudophorus, Meek,are synonyms. 


Section Tucurium, Fischer, 1880. 

Shell umbilicated, only agglutinating in the neighborhood of 
the suture, margin of the last whorl prolonged, thin, blade like, 
smooth below ; operculum trigonal or trapezoidal. 


Section Onustus, H. and A. Adams, 1854. 

Shell conical, depressed, widely and profoundly umbilicated, 
periphery spinose at intervals, suture, towards the apex only, 
more or less ornamented with small stones or shells agglutinated 
to the surface. Tropical Seas. 

Humphrey first used the faulty generic name (being an adjec- 
tive), in 1797, but the justifiable exclusion of this author’s genera 
does not prevent its use in connection with the recognizable 
definition of H. and A. Adams; hence I see no absolute neces- 
sity for adopting instead Haliphebus, Fischer, 1880. 


Subgenus EnpopryGMa, Gabb, 1877. 


Shell umbilicated, agglutinating, the basal margin having one 


* or two internal spiral plications, which have left their imprint on 


the cast from which the group is described. 


E. UMBILIcATUM, Tuomey. Cretaceous of Alabama. 


158 XENOPHORIDA. 


Genus EUTROCHUS, Whitfield, 1682. 


Conical above, flat or concave beneath, broadly deeply umbili- 


cated; aperture very oblique, periphery strongly carinated or 
expanded ; surface ornamentation unlike above and below. Dif- 
fers from the umbilicated forms of Trochidz in not forming a 
columella, and from Risella in being umbilicated. 


K. concava, Hall. Carboniferous, Jllinois, Indiana. 


Genus AUTODETUS, Lindstriém, 1884. 


Shell small, widely conical, sinistral, attached by its truncated 
apex to foreign bodies, axis imperforate, suture not perceptible 
externally. A. calyptratus, Schrenck, Silurian of Gotland. An 
aberrant form placed in this family by Lindstrém. The apical 
fixation resembles that of certain Vermetide, but the shell may 
be a tubiculate Annelid. Anticalyptrea, Quenstedt, 1884, is a 
synonym. 


Genus CLISOSPIRA, Billings, 1865. 


This curious form from the Silurian of Canada, which I have 
placed, with some doubt, in Trochidz, is with equal doubt 
referred here by Fischer. It is trochiform, with reticulated 
surface; there is some evidence that towards the apex it is 
spirally coiled, but the cavity occupied by the body of the 
animal appears to be straight and central, with an aperture 
expanding trumpet-like all around. 


The Xenophoride have been monographed by Reeve, in Con- 
chologia Iconica; by Philippi, in Kuster’s Conchylien Cabinet, 
and more recently by Dr. Fischer, in Kiener’s Coquilles vivantes. 
They first appeared possibly in the Silurian, more probably in 
the Devonian, and have not been numerous at any period of the 
geological history. 


a 


x 
: 
t 
5 
- 
¢ 
rn 
lu 


XENOPHORA. 159 


Genus XENOPHORA, Fischer, 1807. 


X. CALCULIFERA, Reeve. PI. 44, figs. 75, 76. 


Light yellowish brown, whorls convex, obliquely subgranu- 
larly undulately striate, suture and periphery agglutinating, the 
periphery undulated ; base widely umbilicated, closely radiately 
striated, the striz continued obliquely across the peripheral 
blade and there becoming corrugated or granose, middle of base 


with revolving grooves, Diam. 2°5 inches. 
China. 


X. Sinensis, Phil., is believed to be identical, and should per- 
haps be preferred, its date being earlier. 


X. SonarioipEs, Reeve. PI. 44, fig. 77. 

Widely umbilicated, yellowish white, obliquely rugosely 
striated, copiously agglutinating; base radiately arcuateiy cos- 
tulate, spirally granularly lirate, somewhat obliquely costulate 
at the periphery, umbilical area infundibuliform, subangular. 

Diam. 20 mill. 

Philippines. 

Very like X. calculifera, but much smaller, and distinguished 
by its more profuse crop of foreign bodies. 


X. coprnuGaTaA, Reeve. PI. 45, figs. 81, 82. 

Stoutly conical, diagonally wrinkled and corrugated, suture 
and periphery closely agglutinating fragments of shells; base 
with curved radiating granose striz, and a few revolving 
grooves, imperforate. Diam. 2°5 mill. 

Indian Ocean, Japan. 


X. CAPERATA, Phil. PI. 44, figs. 78, 80; Pl. 45, fig. 83. 


Obliquely perforate, light yellowish brown, suture and per- 
iphery agglutinating, surface obliquely striate; base lamellarly 
striate and concentrically lirate, some of the lirz strong, ele- 
vated, becoming smaller and denser on the peripheral margin. 

Diam., 1°5 inches. 

LH. Africa; Pondicherry. 

Smaller, thinner, with less dilated periphery than the last 
species; distinguished also by its basal sculpture and half-open 
umbilicus. 


4 


160 XENOPHORA. 


¢ 


X. AusTRALIS, Souverbie. Pl. 47, figs. 94, 95. 


Perforate, elevated conical, light yellowish brown, obliquely 
subflexuously corrugated above, profusely agglutinating; base 
subconvex around the umbilicus and spirally suleate, subeoncave 
and intricately rugate towards the margin, decussated by radia- 
ting striae, becoming subnodulous near the umbilicus. 

Diam., 1 inch. 

New Caledonia. 
X. CEREA, Reeve. PI. 45, fig. 84. 


Perforate, yellowish white, nearly smooth, profusely aggluti- 
nating; base slightly concave, very minutely spirally and con- 
centrically striate. Diam. 25 mill. 

Philippines. 
X. PALLIDULA Reeve. PI. 44, fig. 79. 

Imperforate, yellowish white, obliquely striate, profusely 
agglutinating; base subplane, thinly arcuately radiately striate, 
very minutely crispate. Diam. 2°5 inches. 

Japan. 
X. orispaA, Konig. Pl. 45, fig. 85; Pl. 46, fig. 88. 


Umbilicated, rather thin, whitish or light yellowish brown, 
obliquely rugate, and profusely agglutinating at the suture and 
periphery ; base concentrically closely lirate, lirze about eight in 
number, granular, the vicinity of the periphery obliquely sub- 
radiate and granular; columellar callosity hiding a small part 
of the umbilicus, which is profound, lamellarly plicate. 

Diam. 34 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 

The operculum is thin, with unilateral lines; the earlier 
whorls of the shell are smooth. First described under the 
above name as an Italian tertiary fossil; as a living species, 
Tiberi called it X. Mediterranea. 


X. SENEGALENSIS, Fischer. PI. 45, figs. 86, 87. 


Umbilicated, conical, rather solid, whitish, earlier whorls 
smooth, subsequent ones with irregular, crispate, oblique striz 
and impressed lines, agglutinating at suture and periphery ; 
base a little concave, concentrically granosely lirate, the lire 5 
or 6 in number, the lire of the peripheral carina oblique, 


fF > 


ee FF 


kd 


Canal Ay nail acai At VO ME 


7 


wr 


XENOPHORA. 161 


crowded, more minutely granular; umbilicus slightly impinged 
on by the columellar callus, striate within. Diam. 16 mill. 

West Coast of Africa. 

Differs from the preceding species in having fewer basal 
costulations, with stronger granules upon them; differs also in 
its subrhomboidal, thin, corneous operculum having the striz a 
little angular in the middle. It is X. caperata, Petit (non 
Phil.), and X. crispa, Martens (non Konig). 


X. concHYLiopHoRus, Born. Pl. 46, fig. 89. 

Light brown, rugosely obliquely striated, profusely agelu- 
tinating large shells, stones, etc.,so as almost to conceal the 
upper surface, face concave, imperforate in the adult, with 
strong, crowded, curved growth-lines, and nearly obsolete con- 


centric low narrow ridges. Diam. 2 inches. 
West Indies. 


It is X. trochiformis, Born, X. agglutinans, Lam., X. onustus, 
Reeve, X. meandrina, X. vulcania, X. tricostata, and X. levt- 
gata, Fischer de Waldh., etc. 


X. ropusta, Verrill (unfigured). tha Paz, L. Calif. 
X. DieitaTa, Martens (unfigured). West Africa. 
X. Caveviert, Rochebrune (unfigured). Senegambia. 


Section Tucurium, Fischer, 1880. 
X. ExuTA, Reeve. PI. 46, figs. 90, 91. 

Suture and periphery undulated, upper surface occasionally 
agglutinating at the suture near the apex, but usually free from 
foreign bodies, obliquely undulately striated and grooved ; under 
surface shining, smooth, surrounded by a border of several close, 
rugose revolving strize, umbilical funnel closely striated; yel- 
lowish or orange-brown, lighter colored beneath. 

Diam. 2°75 inches. 

China. 
X. Inpica, Gmelin. Pl. 46, figs. 92, 93. 

Finely obliquely striated, yellowish brown, under surface 
smooth, lighter colored, in fresh specimens surrounded by a 
brown band, but without the marginal spiral stris of the last 
Species, umbilical funnel striated, periphery blade-like, only 


11 : 
A” 


2 
aye yw 


* 


162 XENOPHORA. 


irregularly slightly undulated on its edge; agglutinating only © 
at or near the apex. Diam. 2 inches. ; 


Indian Ocean. 
X. Wagneri, Phil., is a synonym. 4 


X. HELVACEA, Phil. Pl. 47, fig. 96. 


Differs from the preceding species in the umbilicus, which has 
convex sides and is not defined by an angle. 4 
Diam. 3 inches. 


Madagascar. — 
Its distinctness from X. Indica is problematical. 


X. Carisma, Petit. Pl. 47, figs. 97, 98. 


Thin, pale yellowish brown, white beneath, occasionally 
agglutinating on its irregularly undulating periphery; upper 
surface obliquely, slightly undulatingly striate; lower surface 
radiately finely striate, shining, with concentric obsolete grooves, — 
bordered by a strong revolving rounded rib, beyond which is 
the smooth shining peripheral blade. Diam. 2°5 inches. 

Isle of Marie Galante, West Indies. 


X. LAMBERTI, Souverbie. PI. 47, figs. 99, 100. 


Umbilicus partly covered, its walls convex, not defined by an 
angle; base subconvex, strongly spirally sulcate, the peripheral 
blade smooth; upper surface obliquely undulately striate, 
agolutinating at the suture, but not at the periphery ; light yel- 
lowish brown. Diam. 2 inches. 

New Caledonia. 


Section Onustus, H. and A. Ad., 1854. 
X. souaris, Linn. PI. 49, figs. 1, 2. 


Upper whorls with a few small agglutinating pebbles and 
shells at the suture, then fringed with regular distant hollow 
spines on the periphery, surface obliquely granularly striate, 
radiately, granularly ridged below; light yellowish brown. 

Diam. 78 mill. 

Malacca, Singapore. 


Famity VERMETIDEZ. 


Shell tubular, septate within, attached or free; sometimes 
regularly spiral when young, always becoming irregular in the 
adult growth; aperture rounded, usually entire, sometimes fis- 
sured. Operculum corneous, annular, sometimes spiral, rarely 
absent. 

Animal vermiform, elongated, with short snout and distant 
short tentacles, bearing eyes at their outer bases; foot small; a 
single elongated branchia, no copulatory organ ; two corneous 
jaws; dentition (PI. 30, fig. 9). 

These aberrant mollusks were separated by Cuvier in 1830, as 
an order under the name of Tubulibranchiata, corresponding 
with Tubispira, Desh., 1830, and Protopoda, Gray,1837. A more 
extensive acquaintance with the modifications of the breathing 
organs in mollusks has tended to diminish the importance which 
Cuvier attached to them. 

These animals, generally attached upon shells, or coral, or 
living in sponges, often gregarious in large colonies, although 
without copulatory organs are unisexual, oviparous or viviparous. 
The eggs are often attached to the tube itself. The embryos 
(Pl. 48, fig. 6) are furnished with a spiral shell and the young are 
often perforating. 

Like most attached shells the Vermetids are exceedingly irreg- 
ular in growth, sculpture and coloring, often reproducing the 
surface upon which they are fixed. The species are therefore 
very difficult to identify satisfactorily, particularly as in many 
Specinens the parts wherein reside the characteristic marks, the 
mouth, the operculum, etc.,are wanting. The difficulty is enhanced 
by the great resemblance of some of the forms to annelids of the 
genus Serpula—from which they may be distinguished by the 
spiral nuclear shell, and interior septa of the tube. The tube 
of Serpula is composed of two calcareous layers, that of Ver- 
metidee of three. As to the lamelle occurring within the tube, 
on the columellar or parietal wall, they are often wanting, perhaps 

(163) 


164 VERMETID. 


absorbed away by the animal, like the teeth of Pupa, and although 
they are made subgeneric and sectional characters, they may be 
present or missing in the same species, and are consequently of 
inferior taxonomic importance. 

Prof.O. A. L. Mirch made a special study of the Vermetida, 
and to his papers in the Journal de Conchyliologie, and particu- 
larly in the Zool. Proceedings, London, 1860-1862, we are in- 
debted for the only scientific arrangement of them. Unfortunately 
this author has endeavored to name and describe every slight 
variation, and has thus amassed a large collection of forms, 
varieties and species, subgenera and genera, the study of which 
is even more perplexing than that of the specimens themselves. 
His genera are here reduced to subgenera, his subgenera to sec- 
tions. Illustrations may be found in the folio volume of Chenu, 
in Reeve’s “ Iconica’”’ and Sowerby’s ‘ Thesaurus,” but these 
respective monographs are only partial in their scope, the two 
latter being confined to Siliquaria, and leave much to be desired 
on the score of completeness. 

Dr. Leon Vaillant (Researches on Lamarck’s species of the 
Tubispirata in Nouv. Arch. du Museum, vii, 1871), thus classifies 
the Vermetidze :— 


A. Operculum wanting or rudimentary. 


1. Genus SERPULORBIS, Sassi. 


Operculum fees S. G. THyacopEs. 
rudimentary. S. G. Bivonia. 


B. Operculum present and perfect. 


a. Shell smooth within. 


2. Genus SIPHONIUM, Gray. 


Concave, with aes S. G. SipHoNiuM. 
margins spinose. 8S. G. STEPHOPOMA. 
Operculum { Formed of non eroding. 8S. G. VERMICULUS. 
[stacks up Jerod the body to which 
lamellze. Shell 


is attached. S. G. SprroGLyPHus. 


PERLE Net 


wore f 


eww 


| Mite ene Gg J 


Nea Ca Ae ty: ihe Senet § ae le oa Sad 


VERMETID®. 165 


b. Shell with interior plications or lamellz. 


3. Genus VERMETUS, Adanson. 


With a single columellar plication. S. G. VERMETUS. 
With parietal lameliz. S. G. PETALOCONCHUS. 


‘Synopsis of Genera. 


Genus VERMETUS, Adanson, 1757. 


Animal having two pedal filaments, much longer than and 
situated in front and below the cephalic tentacles. 

Shell tubular, free or fixed, sometimes. regularly spiral when 
young, but becoming irregularly protracted or contorted when 
adult, with interior septa; aperture circular; operculum usually 
present, corneous, annular, circular, exteriotly concave. 

Inhabits temperate and tropical seas. Fossil, secondary and 
tertiary. 


Subgenus VERMETUS (sensu stricto). 

Shell spirally twisted, attached, surface often decussated, 
columella bearing one to three longitudinal lamelle. Operculum 
very small, concave, scarcely spiral. 

Section VeRMETus (typical). 

Lamine on the parietal wall. 


Section Petanoconcuus, Lea, 1843. 

Shell with two internal ridges running spirally along the colu- 
mella, becoming obsolete towards the apex and aperture. Mostly 
fossil. 

VY. scutprvuratus, Lea. Tertiary. U.S. (S. and S. Conch., t. 67, 
t 76). 
Section Macropuracma, Carp., 1857. 


Internal lamin towards the middle of the columella; superior 
lamina sharp, angulately deflexed, externally bicarinate. 

Operculum small, very thin, corneous, smooth, subplanate, 
searcely spiral. 


Section AtErEs, Carpenter, 1857. 


Whorls larger than in preceding section, columella with a very 


166 VERMETIDA. 


faint median thread-like line ; color usually yellowish brown, the 
early whorls chestnut. 

Operculum concave externally, with 5-6 spiral lamine, the 
last abrupt; interiorly convex, shining, with irregular spiral 
liree; muscular area irregular, opaque. 


Subgenus Brvonta, Gray, 1842. 


Shell affixed, mostly spiral, with spiral, interruptedly nodu- 
lose lire and a median elevated line; aperture contracted, 
circular, columella without ridges. Operculum small, rudimen- 
tary. 

When these shells are not perfect, without the aperture 
margin, they are difficult to distinguish from Spiroglyphus. 
Dofania, Morch, 1860 (in part), is a synonym. 


Subgenus Srrrociypeaus, Daudin, 1800. 


Animal excavating a groove on the surface of shells or stones, _ 
covering it over with shelly material, and thus forming a: 
tubular planorbiform case. Considered by some naturalists an 
annulose animal allied to Serpula, but of this there is no proof. 
When first hatched, the shell is spiral and regular, consisting of 
one and a half whorls; it soon attaches itself, the channel it 
excavates being at first shallow, afterwards deeper; color bright 
purple to nearly black. The operculum is large, thick, convex 
exteriorly, with strong concentric lamine, plane interiorly, con- 
centrically lirate, with central mamilla, and narrowly elevated 
margin. 

Stoa, Serres, 1855, is in part a synonym. 


Subgenus Tuynacopes, Guettard, 1774. 


Shell adherent, frequently solitary, tubular, irregularly twisted, 
with 3-5 longitudinal nodulous lire, aperture rounded, colu- ° 
mella not plicate, but frequently partitioned internally perpen- 
dicularly to the axis. No operculum, or minute when present. 

Dofania, Morch, 1860 (in part), is a synonym; others are 
Serpulorbis, Sassi, 1827 (a name frequently used for the genus), 
Serpulus, Montf., 1810, and Serpuloides, Gray, 1850. The sub- 
genera. Cladopoda, Gray, 1840, Tetranemia, Morch, 1859, 


VERMETID. 167 


Hatina, Gray, 1847, and Lementina, Risso, 1826, are founded on 
differences of form in the mollusk, mostly as represented by 
published figures, and allowing that these are correct, their 
value is probably no more than specific. These characters will 
be referred to in the descriptions of the species. 


Subgenus Srppontum (Brown, 1756), Morch, 1859. 


Shell adherent, irregularly twisted, carinated, without internal 
armature. Operculum large, smooth, circular, concave exter- 
nally, convex interiorly, the scar of attachment central, with 
rugose concentric striz, and plain margin. 

M. Rougemont has observed at Naples that S. maximum 
emits from its mouth a thin veil-like plaited substance, which 
entangles small natatory animals and is subsequently with- 
drawn (Bull. Soc. Neuch., xii, 94). 

Stoa, Serres, 1855 (in part), is a synonym, according to the 
text. 

Subgenus SrerHoroma, Morch, 1860. 


Adult shell adherent, spiral, solitary or clustered; aperture 
slightly inflexed above, very obsoletely effused below, without 
internal lamellze. Operculum slightly concave, arctispiral, fur- 
nished with long divergent multifid setze. Recent and fossil. 

The shells are generally very small, and usually so tender as 
to be very rarely found fossil in a good state of preservation. 
Difficult to distinguish from Vermiculus. 


Subgenus Burtinetia, Morch, 1861. 


Young shell adherent, the adult free, thick, widely conically 
elevated, trochiform or planorboid, usually sinistral, rarely dex- 
tral, last whorl protracted, more or less prolonged, tubular 
within, angular exteriorly, aperture circular, not contracted. 
Fossil only, 15 species. Oolitic, Cretaceous, Tertiary ; Hurope, 
India. 


B. concava, Stol. (Struc. and Syst. Conch., t. 67, f. 69, 70). 


Subgenus TusuLostium, Stoliczka, 1868. 


Shell planorboid to broadly conical, aperture contracted, pro- 
longedinatube. 4 sp. Jurassic, Hurope; Cretaceous, India ; 
Tertiary, United States. 


168 VERMETIDA. 


Subgenus VeRMICULARIA, Lam., 1799. 


Shell free, in its early stage regularly coiled like a Turritella ; 
subsequently uncoiled, the tube variously twisted or more or 
less straight and prolonged. Operculum size of the aperture. 
Carboniferous—living. Tropical and subtropical. 

There is apparently no other distinction between the shells of 
Vermicularia and Burtinella, except that the latter are coiled 
in a broad, largely umbilicated cone; Tubulosttum has a con- 
tracted aperture. Often called Vermiculus, Lister. 


Genus SILIQUARIA, Brug., 1789. 


Animal with rudimentary pedal tentacles; mantle slit along 
the branchial cavity. 

Shell tubular, at first spiral, afterwards protracted and irregu- 
lar; tube with a longitudinal fissure, which is sometimes simple, 
sometimes formed by a series of perforations; often both varieties 
exist in the same specimen; aperture circular, without internal 
septa or lamelle. Operculum corneous, subcylindrical or 
conoidal, formed of a spirally rolled band, with ciliated margin ; 
axis of the cone filled up internally by a series of spiral radiat- 
ing cells (Pl. 48, figs. 9,10). Mediterranean Sea, W. Africa, 
Tropical Pacific Ocean. 

Fossil, 20 sp. Tertiary, one species from the upper creta- q 
ceous. The typical species, as well as several others, occur 
imbedded in sponges. 

Tenagodus, Gueltard, 1774, is the same, but the genus is much 
better known under its later name. 

Fischer proposes the following divisions, based on distinctions 
in the branchial slit. 


Section Sin1QquaRIA (sensu stricto). 
Slit continuous, open. 
Section Pyxipoma, Morch, 1860. 


Slit closed by a lamella, but not filled up outside, open near 
the mouth. 


Section AGAtuirses, Montfort, 1810. 
Slit composed of numerous isolated holes. 


VERMETUS. 169 


As all three kinds of slit may exist in different parts of a 
single specimen, the above classification has but little to recom- 
mend it; and yet in a rough way the distinctions of the slit 
hold good. 

About a dozen species have been recognized by Morch, 
Sowerby and Reeve. The monographs of the Thesaurus Con- 
chyl. and Conchologia Icon. are essentially the same ; an earlier 
one is contained in Chenu’s Illust. Conchyliologiques. 

The recent species are tropical and subtropical in distribution. 
They live on rocks and corals; the restricted group S7liquaria 
inhabits sponges. 


Genus CRYPTOBIA, Desh., 1863. 


Proposed for a perforation in polyps, sometimes lined by a 
shelly plate, sometimes without it; spire regular, of 5 or 6 
whorls, in the middle of the polyp; the following whorls are 
unrolled ; on one of the walls is found a series of fissures, which 
traverse the polyp. C. Michilini, Desh., Isle of Bourbon. These 
perforations are filled by parasitic sipunculi, which may have 
destroyed in some cases the shell of the mollusk. 


Genus VERMETUS, Adanson, 1757. 


Subgenus VERMETUS (sensu stricto). 
Typical. 
VY. Apansonil, Daudin. PI. 49, figs. 20, 21; Pl. 48, fig. 12. 


Shell graceful of 5-12 whorls, loosely or more or less closely 
coiled, and terminating in a rather straight tube about an inch 
in length when adult, strongly striated by 6 to 12 raised longi- 
tudinal ridges or lines, sometimes chagreened ; dark brown, be- 
coming ash color in dead shells. Operculum very thin, with two 
small concentric grooves, about half the diameter of the aper- 
ture. 

Senegal. 

It is Vermetus lumbricalis, Roissy, not Linn. 

Var. Lamarcki, Mérch (fig. 21). 

Does not appear to possess any immutable distinctive charac- 

ter; the tube is said to be thin towards the mouth, the attach- 


170 VERMETUS. 


ment is by the apex, the surface is sometimes transversely and 
not longitudinally sculptured. 


Var. CARPENTERI, Morch. 


Is founded upon the presence and form of the interior lamelle 
as shown in section by the figure. Carpenter described it as 
Petaloconchus renisectus (fig. 12). 


VY. vanians, d’Orb. P1..49, figs. 22,23; PL 48, fig. 11; 
Irregularly convoluted, longitudinally rugosely costate or 


smooth, violaceous brown. 
Brazil to West Indies, W. coast of Fiorida. 


The varieties described by Mirch need only to be named and 
figured here; they are scarcely of sufficient importance to justify 
separate headings and descriptions. They are: 


Var. CARPENTER! (fig. 11), West Indies; var. occLusA, Morch, 
West Indies; var. MONILE, Morch, Honduras; var. IRREGU- 
LARIS, d’Orb.; var. ELECTRINA, Morch; var. BADIA, Morch; 
var. CANDIDISSIMA, Mérech; var. PERLATA, Morch; and var. 
costaTA, Mérch; all from the West Indies. As to var. 
IRREGULARIS, Morch quotes the text of d’Orbigny’s Cuba, 
but writes, ‘I am nearly sure that the group figured is a 
Spiroglyphus, perhaps mixed with a Vermetus.” 


VY. conicus, Dillw. Pl. 49, fig. 24. 


Flexuose, spiral at base, tube rather thick, brownish white, the 
spiral portion irregularly wound, about 8 whorls. 
West Indies. 
The sculpture varies as in the preceding species, it usually 
consists of longitudinal striz; the tube is much larger than in 
V. varians, and also differs in its light color. It is V. lumbri- 
calis, 3. of Gmelin. Mérch has vars. PERSONATA, GORDIALIS (decus- 
satus, Lam. non Gmel.), PROBOSCIS, RETIFERA. 


V. RENISECTUS (Carp.), Mérch. PI. 49, figs. 25, 26. 

Brownish ash-color, attached, spirally contorted, lightly longi- 
tudinally lirate, the interstices rather smooth, especially towards 
the aperture, incremental striz rugose, regular, somewhat gran- 
ulated in intersecting the longitudinal lire. Interior with two 


| 
. | 
4 
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; } 
i | 
| 
| | 
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2 | 
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VERMETUS. 171 


flattened lamin ; one on either side of the columella, and a dis- 


tinct line on the middle of the columella. 
Philippines. 


This is V. renisectus, Carp.,in part. Mérch describes vars. 
GORDIALIS, ASPERULA, ASPERELLA, WooDWARDII, Carp., EBENEA, 
PICEA, INDENTATA, MONILIFERA. 


V. contortus, Carpenter. Pl. 49, fig. 27. 


Laterally attached, chestnut-color, rather thin, irregularly con- 
torted, first whorls spiral, usually in contact, the last protracted, 
closely longitudinally lirate, decussated by incremental lines, the 
intersections very obsoletely nodulose; interior without lamella, 
but with 3-5 spiral liree on the columella. 

Mazatlan and Gulf of California. 

Morch adds vars. REPENS, FAVOSA, CONTORTULA, INDENTATA and 
CORRODENS. 


vs NerInoipes, Carp. Pl 49; figs: 28,29; Pl, 48, fic 13. 


Closely agglomerated, irregularly spirally twisted, orange- 


colored, almost everywhere superficially ashy ; whorls separate, 


yet approximating, lire somewhat compressed, very obsoletely 
nodosely contracted, interstices rather wide, with close incre- 
mental striz ; internal lamella (fig. 15) large, modifying the inte- 
rior as in a section of Nerinxa. 

Australia. 
VY. ocrosectus, Carp. PI. 48, fig. i4. 

Solitary, laterally affixed, whitish, irregularly spirally twisted, 
longitudinal lire rather remote, reticulated by closer, rugose 
incremental lines, with distant transverse orange lines; interior 
laminz prominent, lateral, the exterior part of the chamber small 
in the first and large in the last whorl, columellar line acute. 

So. Africa? Red Sea, 

“T have seen specimens with and without internal lamine 
attached on the same shell. One specimen shows on the outer 
wall a sharp keel pointing to the slit between the laminz, which 
I have never elsewhere seen so well developed. According to 
Carpenter, it differs from the following species in the absence of 
the ‘remarkable’ structure at the base, and in the comparatively 
small size of the outer chamber; the former character is prob- 
ably quite accidental, and the latter is not constant in one and 


172 ; VERMETUS. 


the same species. The variety (below) is still more like the V. 
cereus, which perhaps will itself prove to be merely a variety 
when more specimens have been compared.”—M6rca. 

Var. DILATATA, Mirch. Whorls a little flattened, suture 
depressed, dilated, the strong tranverse rug approximating. 
This variety is from the Red Sea, to which locality the type also 
probably belongs. | 


V. ceREus, Carp. PI. 48, fig. 15. 


Solitary, attached, orange-color, with depressed whitish 
sutures, the attached side with a series of nodules which, writes 


Morch, are the impressions of a coral. There is no sculpture, 
the specimen appearing as though it had been attacked by acid. 


It is a large species, the penultimate whorl having a diameter of 
6-7 mill., the aperture of 4°75 mill. Lateral interior lamelle 


about central. 
Philippines. 
Morch has Vars. GYMNOGASTRA and TENUIS. 


V. CARINATUS, Quoy. PI. 49, fig. 30. 

Widely irregularly coiled, carinated, somewhat triangular, 
transversely striated, yellowish ash-color, aperture rounded 
within. 


Isl. Guam. 

“T have seen forms which I regard as intermediate between 

V. octosectus, Carp., and V. cereus, Carp., approaching to this.” 
—Morcu. 


V..uiLacinus, Morch. PI. 49, fig. 31. 

Ageregated, subcylindrical, spirally twisted, purplish, whorls 
contiguous with dilated white suture, longitudinal lire obsolete, 
remote, incremental ruge generally remote, stronger towards 
the aperture, last whorl slightly protracted; parietal laminz 
very short (broken?), approximating to the columella, median 


columellar lira somewhat acute. 
Zanzibar. 


Section Peratoconcuts, Lea, 1843. 


V. SUBCANCELLATUS, Bivona. PI. 49, fig. 32. 


Solitary, or more rarely gregarious, reclining, almost entirely 
affixed, irregularly spiral, with the whorls in contact, brownish, 
surface subeancellated by longitudinal and transverse striz, the 


4 
: | 
| : 


VERMETUS. ARS 


anterior extremity free. Operculum plain, thin. Animal dark 


purple. Southern Europe. 


It is Serpula glomerata, of Linn., 12th Edit., but not of 10th 
Edit., and V. infortus, Weink. “I have examined five or six 
groups without finding any internal lamin, as Sowerby and 
Moore appear to have done. Ina comparatively few specimens 
I have found a distinct medial lira on the columella.”—Morcu. 
This author describes vars. OCCLUSA, SUTURALIS and_ SscoLo- 
PENDRINA. 


VY. VERMICELLA, Lam. PI. 49, fig. 33. 
Yellowish, filiform, narrow, transversely rugose, flexuous, 
without longitudinal sculpture, conglomerated into a dense mass. 
W. Africa. 
It is V. glomeratus, Daudin, V. Lispe (Adanson), Deshayes. 
Morch describes a var. FILARIS. 


VY. ANELLUM, Morch. Pl. 49, fig. 34. 
Shell sinistral, spirorbiform, white, spire aflixed, umbilicus 
open, whorls few, with transverse close ribs, Diameter of shell 


about 2 to 3°5 mill. 
Todas Santos Bay, L. California (on Haliotis). 


Very like a Spirorbis in shape, and ‘ perhaps will prove to be 
the type of a new genus.”—Mo6rcu, 


Section MacropuraGMa, Carpenter, 1857. 


V. MACROPHRAGMA, Carp. PI. 48, fig. 16. 


Shell small, chestnut-colored, laterally attached, often eroding, 
spirally twisted, first whorls flattened, contiguous, the last 
loosely contorted, with close longitudinal liree and incrémental 
Strie ; interior armature (see figure). 

San Diego, Cal., L. Cal., Mazatlan, Realejo. 

“ VY. contortus, Carp., is perhaps the adult stage of this species, 
which again possibly may be a form of Aletes centiquadrus.”— 
Morcu. 


V. cOCcHLIDIUM, Carpenter. PI. 48, fig. 17. 
Distinguished from the preceding species by its internal 
laminz ; the shell is of a lighter color and larger growth. 
Australia ; var. from Tahiti. 


174 VERMETUS. 


VY. FLAVESCENS, Carp. Pl. 48, fig. 18. 


“Shell externally closely allied to V. subcancellatus, from 
which it is principally known by the smaller size and stronger 
sculpture. Internally it most resembles V. cochlidium, from — 
which it may be distinguished by the absence of keels on the_ 
upper lamina through a large part of the length; and by the 
general absence of the third plait, which, when it appears, is 
like another fold of the lower lamina in the same direction.” 
—Morcu. 

Sicily. 
Section ALerEs, Carpenter, 1857. 

“The operculum seems to me only different from that of 
Vermetus in size, in consequence of the larger calibre of the 
shell. The variety of Vermetus conicus, Dillw., would be 
referable to this group, if I had not seen one and the same 
specimen successively in the different whorls change from 
Vermetus (Petaloconchus) to Thylacodes, and ultimately to 
Aletes.’—Morca. Yet Mirch himself admits these subdivisions 
and the distinction of species by small differences in the 
internal shell. 


V. centTiquaprus, Valence. Pl. 49, fig. 35; Pl. 50, figs. 36-40. 


Laterally attached, spirally twisted, earlier whorls rather 
narrow, rapidly increasing, the last wide, spread out and com- 
pressed at the margin; light yellowish brown, with obscure 
narrow lines, earlier whorls dark brown, the interstices of the 
lire impressed punctate. . 

Panama to Gulf of California. 

“The. first whorls are of a dark brown color and strongly 
sculptured with longitudinal lirae and transverse ruge exceed- 
ingly like V. contortus, Carp., which I suppose to be only a form 
of this shell, judging from analogy with V. conicus, Dillw. The 
columella shows one exceedingly feeble median lira, scarcely to 
be seen except in a very favorable light, and two very conspicu- 
ous lateral lire which seem to answer to the lamine in JV. 
macrophragma, but they must perhaps be more properly re- 
garded as the margins of a thin layer covering all the interior 
of the whorls, except the larger median part of the columella, 
which shows a slight difference in color.” Animal violaceous, 


VERMETUS. 1%5 


deepest on the back, more bluish and lighter towards the mar- 
gins of the foot.—Morcu. 
It is V. effusus, Val. (fig. 36), V. angulatus, Rouss. (fig. 37). 


Var. PANAMENSIS, Rouss. (fig. 35). = Var. maxima, Morch. 
Differs in its smoo‘h surface and deep transverse furrows. 


Var. Peron, Val. (fig. 38). Without impressed punctations. 


Var. sipHonata, Morch (fig. 39). = V. Peronit, Rouss., non 
Val. Subcylindrical, spirally twisted, vertically attached, 
suture dilated, with close, very obsolete nodulous lire, the 
interstices impressed punctate. Diam. apert. 5°5 mill. 
Puntarenas. 


Var. TULIPA, Rouss. (fig. 40). Laterally attached, irregularly 
spirally twisted; whorls oblique, smooth or very obsoletely 
sculptured on the later whorls, variegated violaceous and 
white. 


Var. Brivcesit, Mirch (unfigured). Very like the last, but the 
color is mostly obliterated and the last whorl is partly free 
and erect. 

Wekoussai, Vaillant. Pl. 51, fig. 43. 

Earlier whorls spirally twisted, afterwards lengthened, undu- 
lated, longitudinally lirate, liree fading towards the aperture, 
cancellate towards the base, which is flattened. 

Timor. 

The figures of Chenu’s Illust. Conch. represent two species. 
One of these is selected by Morch as best answering the original 
description of V. sipho, Lam., and I have copied it; the other 
appears to bea V. polyphragma, Sassi. Vaillant, from an exam- 
ination of specimens in the Paris Museum, thinks that neither of 
these figures represents the type, and he therefore describes the 
sipho of Rousseau and Mirch, as V. Rousset, Vaillant. I may 


add that none of the figures cited by Lamarck himself agree 
with his description. 


Unfigured Species of Vermetus. 
V. BALANI-TINTINNABULI, Mirch, and Var. crysTaLLina, Mirch. 


Philippines. 
VY. pacuyLasMA, Mérch. (Possibly a fossil.) 2? Guinea. 


176 VERMETUS. 


Subgenus Brvonta, Gray, 1842. 


V. triqueTra, Bivona. PI. 50, figs. 41, 42. 

Solitary or gregarious, subtriangular, a little depressed, orbicu- 
larly or turbinately twisted, transversely flexuosely rugose, 
anterior portion of the shell when free, becoming cylindrical, 
but if remaining attached, continuing subtriangular; whitish or 


brownish. 
Mediterranean Sea. ~ 


V. contortuplicatus, Var., A. Scacchi, is a synonym. 

Var. PINNICOLA, Mérch. Irregularly spiral, with three crenulated 
longitudinal lines. It is V. granulatus, Graven., not Fabr., 
and perhaps V. rupestris, Risso. 

Var. sprroRBIS, Mérch. Solitary, white, cretaceous, spirorbiform, 
with a crenulated dorsal carina, and one or two arcuate 
varices in the penultimate whorl. 


Var. ALETES, Mirch. Laterally affixed, whorls flattened, ob- 
liquely declined; dorsal carina compressed, crenulated, - 
approximating the umbilicus; incremental striae membran- 
aceous, obsoletely undulated in the umbilical region. 


Vars. SERPULINA, EXPANSA and AMPLIATA, Morch. 

Var. FAScIcULARIS, Mérch (fig. 42). Shells aggregating, base 
spiral, anteriorly upright, rounded. Forms a transition to 
the next species, from which perhaps it does not differ. 


VY. sEMIsURRECTUS, Bivona. PI. 51, fig. 44. 

Solitary, cylindrical, white, apex contorted, rugose, adnate, 
anteriorly the tube is free, flexuose, longitudinally striate or 
almost smooth. Mediterranean Sea. 


V. Sequensranus, Avadas and Benoit. Pl. 51, fig. 45. 
Irregularly spirally twisted and attached below, finally becom- 
ing erect; whorls at first angulated, rugosely longitudinally 
striate, and with stong incremental striz, the free portion be- 
coming cylindrical and smooth, rather fragile, gregarious. 
Sicily. 
V. Quorr, H. and A. Adams. PI. 51, fig. 46. - 
Solitary, loosely contorted, rather thin, livid white, brown 
clouded, attached at the end, last whorl long, flexuous, with 


VERMETUS. Vet 


obsolete longitudinal lire, and still more obsolete intermediate 
strie, incremental strizx membranaceous ; aperture circular, diam. 
about 4 mill. Philippines. 

Shell very like the preceding. 

Morch adds vars. LILACINA, PLANORBOIDES, LAQUEARIS, RUGOSO- 
SQUAMOSA, STRIGATA, PAPILLOSA, CORALLIOPHILA, TRIQUETRA, GRAN- 
IFERA, FULGURATA, PUNCTATA, VARIEGATA, FLOS-LACTIS. According 
to Vaillant Lamarck’s V. eruca, from examination of the speci- 
men, is the same and should have priority. 


VY. GorEEnsis, Gmelin. PI. 51, fig. 47. 


Conglomerated, rounded, cancellated, yellowish, corneous 
within, with close longitudinal elevated striz. L. of tube 8—9 
inches, diam. 6-8 mill. Operculum so small as to be hardly 


perceptible, not over a quarter of a millimetre in diameter. 


W. Africa. 


Unfigured Species. 
VY. EXxsERTA, Dall. West Indies. 
VY. constricror, Mérch. Australia. 
VY. sUTILIS, and vars. MAJOR and TRIQUETRA, Morch. 
Panama to Mazatlan. 


V. Ionica, Danillo and Sandri. Dalmatia. 
V. GREGARIA, Monts. Sicily. 
V. PANoRMITANUS, Gregorio. Sicily. 
VY. compacta, Carp. Vancouver’s Island. 


Subgenus SprroGiyPaus, Daudin, 1800. 


“V. Spirunirormis, De Serres. Pl. 51, figs. 48, 49. 


Spiruliform, brownish or ash colored, or white, sometimes fas- 
ciated, the last whorl detached but continuing spiral, smooth or 


with growth-strize. Diam. 1 inch. 
Zanzibar, Philippines, Red Sea. 


Morch describes vars. SCAPHITOIDES, VORTEX, LEMNISCATA, SPI- 
RALIS, SOLIDISSIMA, IMMERSA (fig. 49), ERYTHRAENSIS, DISCULUS, 


V. AmMoniTirorMis, De Serres. PI. 52, fig. 54. 
Planorbiform, last whorl closely wound like the others, with 
strong incremental striz. Diam. 20 mill. 


Indian Ocean, on Perna isognomon. 
12 


178 VERMETUS. 


VY. sprrorBis, Sowb. PI. 51, fig. 50. 


Planorbiform, white, smoothish, whorls not in contact. 


2 Cape of Good Hope. 
V. ANNULATUS, Daudin. PI. 51, figs. 51, 52. 4 


3 


Irregularly spiral, transversely lamellate. 

West Indies, on Shells. 

Var. CORRODENS, d’Orb. (fig. 51). Having a peripheral carination, » 

forming a tooth-like projection at the mouth. This is var. | 
dentifera of Morch. 


Var. IRREGULARIS, d’Orb. (fig. 52). Brownish black, irregularly — 
contorted, transversely rugosely plicate. This is var. glome-_ 
rata, Morch. | 

Var. TROCHICOLA, Morch (unfigured). 

V. GLOMERATUS, Bivona. PI. 51, fig. 53; Pl. 52, figs. 55-58. a 

Conglomerated, tubes cylindrical or subangulated, contorted, — 
transversely undulately rugose. Mediterranean Sea. — 
Miérch has vars. CRUSTANS and TUBULOSA — ANNULATA, Lam. — 
(fig. 58). 
V. cristatus, Biondi, is the young of this species. Vaillant — 

remarks that Daudin’s species is smaller than V. annulatus, Lam., i 

and corrodes the surface upon which it is attached ; as Daudinhas _ 

priority he proposes for the Lamarekian species V. annularium. 
Monterosato has substituted the name petra, because of Ser- — 
pula glomerata, Linn.; he adds a var. minor. 


Embryonal whorls smooth, projecting in the centre of the shell, 
and not unlike a very small Amnicola. Has more regular whorls — 
and wants the tooth-like process of the carina in the aperture of ; 
V. annulatus. —_—_—. qa 

Doubtful and Unfigured Species. 5 
SERPULA CosTALIs and S. InruNDIBULUM, of Chenu’s Ilust. Conch. — 
V. atBibus, Carp. Mazatlan. — 
V. staamoniT™. Mirch. ? Guinea. — 
V. ANGULIFERA, Monts. Tripoli. — 
V. puANorsis, Dkr. PI. 52, fig. 59. : 

Planorbiform, somewhat solid, white, carinated, transversely 
sublamellate, whorls in contact. : 


' Japan, slightly immersed in the surface of . 
Vermetus imbricatus, Dkr. 


VERMETUS. 179 


Subgenus TuHyLacopEs, Guettard, 1774. 


V. POLYPHRAGMA, Sassi. Pl. 52, figs. 60-62. 


Solitary, irregularly twisted, commencing irregularly spiral, 
with dilated suture, afterwards rounded, longitudinally finely 
striate, the strie often alternately smaller, frequently granose, 
sometimes with three or four strong lirz, remote nodules and 
intervening brownish punctations; color usually whitish or 
yellowish white. Aperture, 14 mill. wide. 

Mediterranean Sea. 

The synonyms are V. arenaria, Lam., in part., Serpula intes- 
tina, Salis, Dentaliwm intestiniforme, Linn., teste Hanley, V. 
gigas, Gray, in part. 


Var. ALETES, Morch (fig. 62). Laterally attached, almost regu- 
larly spiral; last whorl somewhat protracted. It is V. 
lineolata, Gravenh. 


Var. AmpLA, Morch. Loosely contorted, rather thin, whorls 
scarcely contiguous, the last rather short,solute, with approxi- 
mating small longitudinal lirze decussated by incremented 
strie, interstices lightly punctate; last whorl with two or 
three interrupted lire above, elongately nodulose; whitish, 
or yellowish white, first whorls light violaceous, 


Malta. 
V. DENTIFERUS, Lam. PI. 52, fig. 63. 


Large, subsolitary or often conglomerated, irregularly twisted 
at first, with rugose growth-striz, fine longitudinal lines, and 
frequently two or three longitudinal riblets bearing distant 
tubercles. 

Indian Ocean, Australia. 

Mérch describes a var. REPENS. The following species is 
probably only a variety, and both might be referred to V. poly- 
phragma. The Lamarckian examples appear to include several 
species, according to M. Vaillant; I give the form as restricted 


by Morch. 


V. Nov#—Ho.ianpi4, Rouss. PI. 53, fig. 64. 


Shells agglomerated, inferiorly contorted, then protracted, 


180 VERMETUS. 


with numerous subdentate longitudinal costelle, and intervening 

strie; brownish. Probably identical with the foregoing species. 

Australia. 

Described by Morch under the name of V. sulcatus, Lam., 

but one of the three types of that species is a fossil and different, 
the other two appear to be V. sipho, Lam. 


V. MAsIER, Deshayes. PI. 53, fig. 65. 

Large and thick, irregularly spiral, not elevated, with about 
twenty longitudinal grooves; grayish, yellowish brown or flesh- 
color, corneous within. Length, 1 foot, diam. 16-18 mill. 

Cape Verde Is. 

Le Masier, of Adanson. It is also V. sipho (Lam. in part), 
Blainy., and V. arenarius, Daudin. 


V. Braziniensis, Rousseau. PI. 53, fig. 66. 

Large, solitary, at first spiral, last whorl protected, lightly 
curved, erect, with slight distant spiral lire. 

Diam. apert. 30 mill. Brazil. 
V. aTRA, Rousseau. PI. 53, fig. 67. 


Usually solitary, thick, spirally twisted, laterally attached, 
last whorl protracted, rounded, the affixed ones with expanded 


sides; surface with close growth-lines, and distant longitudinal — 


lirule ; black or very dark brown. Diam. of aperture, about 20 


mill. 
Philippines, New Caledonia, East Indies. 


This is Serpula colubrina, Bolten, V. fuscata, Humphr., ? V. 
ochrea, Gmel. Moreh adds vars. ALBINA, brown and blackish, 


mixed with white towards the aperture, VIOLACEO-FUSCA, LAVI- © 


USCULA, and AGGLOMERATA. 


V.impBricatus, Dunker. Pl. 53, fig. 68. 


Rather solid, laterally attached, anteriorly sometimes free and 
erect, light brownish, with longitudinal, subimbricated costule. 
Japan. 

V. noposo-RuGosts, Lischke. PI. 53, figs. 69, 70. 

Whitish, yellowish or violaceous brown, somewhat solid, irreg- 
ularly twisted, anteriorly shortly erect, flat and attached below, 
obsoletely carinate and nodosely transversely wrinkled above, 
becoming smoother towards the aperture. Japan. 


: 


VERMETUS. 181 


V. pecussatus, Gmelin. PI. 53, figs. 71, 72. 

Rather solid, variously twisted, solitary, laterally attached ; 
whorls rounded, sometimes contiguous at the commencement, 
with longitudinal lire and intermediate striz, decussated by 
incremental striz ; yellowish white, variegated and clouded by 
light brown. 

West Indies. 

Morch describes vars. TENUIS, INTERMEDIA, LZVIGATA, with 
smooth whorls, represented in part by V. Porites, Rouss. (fig. 
72), all from West Indies; and vars. PHILIPPINENSIS and BADIA, 
from the Philippine Islands. 


V. SQUAMIGERUS, Carp. PI. 54, figs. 73, 74. 

Yellowish white, usually conglomerated, loosely twisted, 
becoming erect, closely longitudinally costate, with intermediate 
raised lines, scaly decussated, the erect anterior portion marked 
by rugose incremental striz only. 

Southern California, Lower California. 


Var. PENNATA, Morch (fig. 74). 

Solitary, laterally attached, longitudinal lirze rather distant, 
compressed, nodosely serrated, alternately smaller, the inter- 
stices striate; whitish, or yellowish, with angulated (pennate) 
incremental strize, which are occasionally chestnut-colored. 

California. 

This is V. margaritarum, of Val. (Voy. Venus), in part. 


V. Micuaupir, Rouss. PI. 54, fig. 75. 
Yellowish white, laterally attached, longitudinally closely 


striate, with distant annular ribs. 
Hab. unknown. 


V. poritEs Rousseau. PI. 54, fig. 76. 

Thin, laterally attached, very lightly longitudinally striated; 
incremental strie very close, obsolete, with regular, remote 
incremental sulci, the interstices slightly convex; yellowish 
white, darker within. 

Hab. unknown, on a coral. 
V. toneiritis, Mérch. PI. 54, fig. 77. 

Reclining, laterally attached, loosely twisted, variegated with 

yellow and light brown, longitudinally lirulate, with three or 


182 VERMETUS. 


four stronger, remote lire, aperture transversely oval, bluish 

within. Australia. 
This is the type and only species of the subgenus Tetranemia, 

Morch, which is described as having very long pedal filaments, 

subulate, and not retractile, with an intermediate mamilla; the 

mesopodium small, elongated, with two posterior short filaments. 
V. dentiferus, Quoy, not Lamarck, is a synonym. 


V.INOPERTUS, Ruppell. PI. 54, fig. 78. 


Olivaceous, rather thick, twisted. Animal with conical 
rostrum ; tentacles short, thick, proceeding from a heart-shaped 
dorsal process; no pedal filaments, metapodium large, cylin- 
drical, truncate, penis subulate. Red Sea. 

It is V. operculatus, Gray, and (according to Issel) V. eruca, 
Lam. 


V. GRANDIS, Gray. PI. 54, fig. 79. 

Clouded, yellowish brown, contorted, laterally affixed, longi- 
tudinally striate, flattened on the base, convex above, where there 
are two or three more prominent rugose ridge-like striz, aper- 
ture round, violaceous. 

Australia. 

This is the type of the subgenus Cladopoda, Gray, and the 
following species are included therein by Mirch. The diagnosis 
is: Operculum none; foot elongate, front end simple, hinder 
extremity oblong, clavate or subtruncate. 

It is V. arenarius, Lam., of Quoy and Gaimard. Morch adds 
a Var. OXYGONA, 


V. ELEGANS, Quoy and Gaimard. PI. 54, fig. 80. 


Animal cinereous, the tentacles, head and foot maculated and 
spotted with red. Shell and habitat unknown. 
V. ZELANDIcUS, Gray. PI. 54, fig. 81. 

Animal with yellowish head, brown and red-spotted in front, 
foot yellowish, spotted with red, mantle widely margined with 
orange-red. Shell contorted, having no characters of importance. 

New Zealand. 

Possibly identical with the preceding species. It is V. Nove- 

Zelandiz of Gray. 


i tee a 


VERMETUS. 183 


Doubtful and Unfigured Species of Thylacodes. 
VY. Cuviert, Risso (PI. 48, fig. 19). Southern Europe. 
This unrecognized species is the type of the subgenus Lemen- 
tina, Risso, distinguished by the remarkably radiated metapo- 
dium. Dr. Gray regarded it as “ probably only a badly described 
and figured Serpuloides arenarius.” 


VY. oRYZATA, and var. ANNULATUS, Morch. Panama. 
VY. Rumen, Blainv. (V. protensa, Dillw., V. vermium, Petiv.). 
Hab. unknown. 


VY. PROTENSUsS, Gmel. Hab. unknown. 
V. scABER, Gravenhorst. Hab. unknown. 
VY. NaTAatensis, Morch. So. Africa, 
VY. ERUCIFORMIS, and vars. ERYTHROSCLERA and LUMBRICELLA, 

Morch. California. 


VY. Ruser, and vars. MUHLENPFORDET, and LIMACELLA, Morch. 
West Indies. 
VY. Turontus, Rouss. Definitely ascertained to be a fossil. See 
Vaillant, Nouv. Arch. du Mus., 193, 1871. 
VY. ANNULUS, Rouss. Hab. unknown. 
Y. setectus, Monts. and vars. ARBOREA and RAMOSA. 
Mediterranean Sea. 


V. MELANOSTOMUS, Morch. Zanzibar. 
VY. sipHo, Lam. Timor. 
V. Lamarcrit, Vaillant. Australia. 


Subgenus SipHonium (Browne, 1756), Morch, 1859. 
V.LITUELLA, Morch. PI. 54, fig. 82. 


Variously twisted, often openly spiral, laterally attached and 
deeply immersed, with a median carina or rib above, which is 
more or less nodulous, and close, rugose incremental lines ; color 
whitish or ash, often obsoletely brown clouded, early whorls 
chestnut colored. California, on Haliotis, ete. 

It is V. ammoniformis, Serres. 


VY. arruM,Gmel. PI. 54, fig. 83. 


Very solid, white, corroding and attached laterally, spiral, 
becoming thinner towards the aperture, with a superior rib and 
obsolete longitudinal striz, distant incremental sulci, and close 
arcuate incremental striz. Gaboon, W. Africa, on Chama, 

It is “ Le Datin” of Adanson, 


184 VERMETUS. 


VY. potitus, Daudin. PI. 54, figs. 84-86. 


Paucispiral, openly wound, like a hunting-horn; whorls two, 
rapidly enlarging to the rounded aperture, laterally attached 
and corroding, white, smooth, with somewhat distant annular 


constrictions. 
Indian Ocean, etc. On Tridacna and Serpula. 


V. perforans, Serres, is a Synonym. 


V. neBuLosus, Dillw. Pl. 54, figs. 87, 88. 


Young shell planorbiform, corroding, chestnut-color to white, 
slightly spirally lirulate ; afterwards contorted, variegated with 
light brown and white, lire rugose, with three squamiferous 
liree above ; finally becoming free, with rugose annulations and 
suleations, and longitudinal sculpture obsolete. 

West Indies. 

Morch describes Vars. SERRATA, ACULEATA, TURBOIDES — Ser- 
pula bicarinata, Sowb. (fig. 88), ImBricata — Serpula dentifera, 
Sowb., PLANORBOIDES, RUGOSA, ANAULAX, FISSURATA. 


V. MARGARITARUM, Val. (in part). Pl. 55, fig. 92. 


Large, spirally lirulate, with more distant nodose ribs, 
chestnut-brown to yellowish. 

Panama— Mazatlan. 
V. MAXIMUS, Sowb. Pl. 55, figs. 89, 90. 

Large, irregularly twisted, rather smooth, annularly rugose, 
dorsal carina becoming spinose anteriorly; often deeply im- 
bedded in coral; diam. of aperture 1 inch. The young shell is 
subtriangular, with dorsal carina. 

Java— Polynesia. 

Morch describes several varieties; among them he names 
SCANDENS, MEGACENTRO, PRAELONGA, BIANGULARIS. 


Undetermined and Unfigured Species. 


V. CARINIFERUS, Gray. New Zealand. 
V. LAMELLOsUuS, Hutton. New Zealand. 
V.suspGRANosUS, Morch, with Vars. CARINATA, COSTALE, and 

TRIQUETRA. East Indies. 
V. turtipus, Morch. Society Islands. 


VERMETUS. 185 


VY. gaparopl, Morch (V. turboides, Chieregh.). 
2 Spain on Spondylus. 


V. pictus, Mirch, and Var. TURBOIDES. East Indies. 
VY. trextum, Morch, and Vars. scAPTOIDES and UNGUICULATA. 
Philippines. 


V. suBCRENATUS, Lam. East Indies, Philippines. 
Vars. SQUAMULOSA, BIFUNICULARIS, CRISTATA, SUBDECUSSATA, and 
sPINOSA, Morch. 


V. DaCosta, Morch (PI. 55, fig. 91). Hab. unknown. 
V. puatypus, Morch. Sandwich Is. 
V. TEREDULA, Morch. ? Morocco. 
VY. LEucozoniAs, Morch. W. Africa. 
VY. MEGAMAStTUM, Morch (PI. 55, fig. 93), and Var. IMBRICATUS, 

Carp. California. 


?V. Apamsi, Morch. ? Borneo, Japan. 
V. pricariA, Lam. Australia. 


Subgenus SrepHopoma, Mérch, 1860. 


VY. ROSEUS, Quoy and Gaimard. PI. 55, fig. 94. 


Shell small, spirally twisted, cylindrical, rugose, rose-colored. 
» SI , Cy , rug : 
Operculum round, brownish, multispira bearing a large number 


of divergent multifid corneous hairs. 
; New Zealand. 
VY. pennatus, Morch. PI. 55, figs. 95, 96. 


Solitary, spirally angulately twisted, with open umbilicus; 
whorls obsoletely quadrangular or pentagonal, closely longitu- 
dinally lirulate, incremental striz irregular; white, brownish or 


variegated. 
W. Coast of Central America. 


Morch describes a var. bispinosa, distinguished by a different 
form in the bristles of the operculum, when viewed under a lens. 


Unfigured Species. 


V. senticosus, Mérch. Hab. unknown. 
V. rricuspis, Mérch. Australis. 
Y. Lyneasyanus, Morch. Denmark. 


ad 


186 VERMETUS. 


Subgenus VerMicuLAriA, Lam., 1799. 


The animal is thus described by Stimpson: 


“Mantle fringed at its margin with short filaments ; foot very 
short and broad, dilated into rounded auricles anteriorly ; muz- 
zle broad, not cleft; tentacula short, conical, with eyes at their 
exterior base; an elevated ridge runs along the back, becomes 
flattened into a membrane at the head, and passes round under 
the right tentacle, forming a kind of canal, near which is the 
anus; its color is light brown, with patches and spots of black. 
Viviparous. The-young shell is helicoid and reversed. Oper- 
culum corneous, black and hard on the inner, and lamellated on 
the outer surface; it is surrounded by a thin, membranous, 
flexible portion, about one-fourth its diameter; thus it is enabled 


to close its shell perfectly at the aperture, and yet to retreat far 
into the narrower whorls.” 


V. tortuosus, Solander. Pl. 55, fig. 97; Pl. 56, fig. 1. 


Loosely twisted, whorls flattened or slightly concave on the 
exterior, smooth, rectangular above and below, margined by a 
rib, spire short, conical. 

Philippines. 

V. costalis, Rouss.,is a synonym. It is doubtful whether this 
species is distinct from V. lumbricalis ; yet Mirch has described 
vars. unicostalis (fig. 91) and nidificans. 


V. LUMBRICALIS, Linn. PI. 55, fig. 98. 


Yellowish chestnut color; whorls rounded with or without one 
or two exterior carinz, sometimes with two slight inferior carine, 
smooth or longitudinally striz. 

Philippines, East Indies. 


This is the well-known type of the family Vermetide. It is 
very doubtful whether it should be restricted to oriental speci- 
mens, as no permanent differential characters appear to charac- 
terize the forms from other localities which have received distinct 
names, as for instance, that of the Atlantic coast of the United 
States and West Indies. Mérch has described vars. DIAPHANA, 
CORNEA, AMPLIATA, RUGULOSA and TERES (= Jndicus, Rouss. in 
part). 


in ihe aon hii Waa : Nowe 


ea le Na PANG a - Ne IDE FEES sepatedy ra Fax mas is neha Pen ets! aera 


Rancid atl 


7s 


+ 


Ohi, <a etn e! Se gle hs 
= ry 


VERMETUS. 187 


Y. spinatus, Phil. Pl. 55, figs. 99, 100. 


Shell chestnut-colored, varying to light yellowish ash, more or 
less longitudinally striated and carinated. 
Atlantic Coast of the United States, West Indies, 
Gulf of Mexico. 


Var. MELANOSCLERA, Mirch. Shell solid, chestnut-colored, with 
dark transverse strie, obtusely quadrangular, exteriorly 
angulated in the middle, the angle lighter colored, longitu- 


dinally lirulate, interior sides strongly lirate. 
Vera Cruz. 


Var. QUADRANGULARIS, Mirch (= quadrangulus, Phil.). Reddish 
brown. 
Yucatan. 
Var. BICARINATUS, Mirch. This is the ordinary West Indian and 
Florida type as figured above. Dall. describes a V. lumbrt- 
calis, var. nigricans, growing in large patches, almost form- 
ing reefs on the West Coast of Florida. He can scarcely 
refer to this form; more probably it is V. varians, d’Orb. 
This is V. lumbricalis, V’Orb., V. Knorri, Desh. 


Var. 


i 


RADICULA, Stimpson (fig. 100). Yellowish ash-color, with 
several unequal strong ridges, sometimes spotted with chest- 
nut, and intermediate fine lirule. United States, Mass. to 
Fla. 

This is V. lumbricalis of Gould, and var. cinerea of Mirch. 


Vars. UNGULINA, SCALARIS and TERES are also given by Morch. 


VY. pimorpuus, Morch. PI. 56, fig. 2. 


Solid, spirally twisted, variegated ash-color and cinnamon ; 
whorls loose, laterally connate and aflixed, longitudinally closely 
striulate, with three unequal remote exterior lire, upper side 


with a plane surface destitute of sculpture. 
Philippines. 
Morch adds a var. LITUINA. 


V. peLLucibus, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 56, figs. 3-6, 9, 10. * 


Pellucid, longitudinally striate, carinate towards the apex. 
West Coast of Central and South America. 


188 SILIQUARIA. 


Var. PLANOBOIDES, Morch, fig. 9. Rather thin, irregularly plan- 
orbiform, laterally affixed, beautifully densely longitudinally 
striated and flatly lirate, spire turretelloid. It is Serpula 
regularis, Chenu. 


Var. crassa, Morch, fig. 10. Lire prominent, shell. irregularly 
twisted. Animal greenish maculated and reticulated with 
white, tentacles long, subulate, interruptedly lineated ; pro- 
boscis short, rounded. This is Serpula Panamensis, Chenu. 


Var. EBURNEUS, Reeve (fig. 6). Shell white, thick, loosely whorled, 
with distant, subobsolete longitudinal sculpture. = Var. 
volubilis, Morch. 

There are also vars. LAQUEARIS, CINNAMOMINA, PICTA, TIGRINA, 

CASTANEA, DISCIFER and SUBGRANOSA Of Morch. 


V. EFFusus, Val. in part (PI. 56, fig. 7). Hab. unknown. 
V. TURRITELLA, Rouss. (Pl. 56, fig. 8). Hab. unknown. 
V. souarinus, Morch (unfigured). Philippines. 
V. rAstRUM, Morch (unfigured). Hab. unknown. 


Genus SILIQUARIA, Brug., 1789. 
Section SrLrquariA (sensu stricto). 


S. ponDEROSA, Morch. PI. 57, fig. 11. 


Yellowish white, very thick, large; whorls broadly convoluted, 
apex obtuse, outer half of whorls much thickened by a deeply 
transversely fissured layer, slit continuous below, margined above 
by waved dentate lamelle, in the earlier whorls usually articu- 


lated, thin, filled within by shelly matter. 
Australia. 
S. SENEGALENSIS, Recluz. PI. 57, fig. 12. 


Heavy, upper portion of spire-whorls a little convex, plane or 
excavated, closely radiately undulate-sulcate, closely volute, 
forming a narrow umbilicus, externally transversely deeply fis- 
sured, slit open, slightly undulate-dentate ; pink or pale fulvous. 

Senegal. 
, This is S. incisa of Morch, not Chemnitz. 


Var. RosEA, Mirch. Deep rose-color, apex whitish, umbilicus 
pervious. 


SILIQUARIA. 189 


Var. LINEATA, Morch. Whitish, whorls with close longitudinal 
light orange-colored lines below. 


S. encaustica, Morch. PI. 57, fig. 13. 

Small, thick, rugose, irregularly pyramidal, pointed, tube small, 
umbilical region covered by an enameled callus, thickened, 
roughly wrinkled and transversely fissured on the peripheral 
side; slit closed in the upper whorls, then articulated, finally 


open, continuous. 
Ceylon. 


Described from a single specimen in the Cumingian collection. 


S. rRocHLEARIS, Mirch. PI. 57, fig. 14. 


Rather thin, umbilicus narrow, pervious; whorls 6, at first 
close, then dissolute, plane above and below, transversely 
densely rugosely fissured, longitudinally very obsoletely striate 
and sulcate, with yellowish spiral lines, slit undulately dentate. 

Philippines. 
_S. optusa, Schum. PI. 57, figs. 15, 16. 

Shell elongated, whorls large, spirally rather finely lirated, 
smoother on the umbilical face, thickened on the outside and 
transversely fissured; spiral slit simple, frequently closed 


towards the apex. 
Mediterranean Sea. 


It is S. anguina, of Phil., Sowb., etc., but not of Linneus. 
There are Vars. rosEA, Montr., and costa, Cantraine. 


Section AGatTuirses, Montfort, 1810. 


S. AustRALIs, Quoy and Gaimard. PI. 58, fig. 20; Pl. 57, fig. 17. 


Shell large, thick, apex pyramidal, tube finely longitudinally 
Striated on the inner side, thick, rugose and transversely fissured 
on the outer side, slit represented by round holes, gaping open 
near the aperture. 

Australia. 

Mérch describes Vars. SCALARIFORMIS, MULTILIRATA and 
TAENIATA (fig. 17). 


S. Reentzi1, Morch. 


Graceful, obsoletely longitudinally lirulate, rust color, whitish — 


towards the aperture, with a chestnut line below the slit. First 
described as Var. ferruginea of S. Australis. 


190 SILIQUARIA. 


S. tostus, Mérch. PI. 57, fig. 18. 


Small, rust color, darker brown at the apex; tube narrow, 
rather smooth, spire suborbicular ; fissure articulated, bordered 


by a dentate line on either side. 
Ceylon. 


Differs (insufficiently) from the next species in the elliptical, 
distant pores, the slit being bordered by a narrow elevated 
undulated line on both sides; so that except in the last whorl, 
the slit seems situated on the top of a feeble carina. 


S. Cuminer, Moérch. Pl. 57, fig. 19; Pl. 58, fig. 21. 


Whorls 5, the first scalariform, angulated behind, the angle 
evanescent in the last whorl, granularly lirate below, lirze distant, 
the interstices with intervening lirule, externally transversely 
lightly fissured, the fissures evanescent in last whorl, umbilical 
region longitudinally undulately striate, decussated by sigmoid, 
distant radiating sulci; slit at first closed, afterwards with open 
round holes, which finally coalesce into a denticulated open slit. 

Philippines, Japan. 

Morch describes Vars. RUDIS, CONIFER, PLATYOMPHALA, LUM- 

BRICALIS, LAZVILIRATA, J APONICA. 


S. Bernarpil, Morch. Pl. 58, fig. 22. 

White, clouded with fawn color, thin, elongated, narrowly 
and loosely twisted, irregularly pyramidal towards the apex; 
tube narrow, crenulately striated, slit band roundly articulated. 

Australia. 
S. anauinA, Linn. PI. 58, figs. 23-25. 

Shell rather thick, broadly irregularly twisted, distantly 
spirally ridged, ridges sharply squamose or spined ; tube gener- 
ally very slowly increasing; spiral fissure very narrow, partly 
consisting of oblong perforations, partly continuous and dentate 
by the coalescence of these; white, yellowish or purplish, some- 


times two colors on the same specimen. 
. Moluccas, Ceylon. 


The synonyms are S. muricata, Born., S. volvox, Dillw., S. 
ruber, Schum., S. sulcata, Gray, S. polygona, Blainv., S. Dunkert, 
Mirch, S. squamata, Blainv. (fig. 25). In the latter form the 
slit is simple and open, although otherwise the features are those 
of anguina. This is not an error in the representation of the 


CRYPTOBIA. 191 


shell, for similar specimens are before me, besides intermediates. 
These sections of Siliquaria, I repeat, are founded on evanescent 
characters, and should be accepted with reserve. 


Section Pyxiroma, Morch, 1860. 


S. LacTEA, Lam. PI. 58, fig. 26. 


Narrow, smoothish, pellucid, white, obsoletely brown-tinted, 
rarely striated, apical whorls slightly pyramidal, fissure articu- 
lated, partly closed by an internal lamina near the apex. 

Australia, China, Hast Indies. 
. Gregarious, forming conglomerated masses. 


T. TawEITENSIS, Morch. PI. 58, fig. 27. 


Rather thick, smooth, fulvous, longitudinally lirulate, cancel- 

lated between the ridges, slit narrow, right margin thichkened. 

Tahitt. 

Shell much larger than the preceding, with stronger lire, the 

interstices cancellated, slit coarctate. The only figure of the 
species is from.a fragment in the British Museum. 


S. WeELpD1, Tenison-Woods. PI. 58, fig. 28. 

. Graceful, smooth or very lightly longitudinally striated, 
whitish, yellowish, or very light rosy, first three whorls with the 
slit filled below, afterwards it is open. 

So. Australia, Tasmania. 


Undelermined or Unfigured Species of Siliquaria. 


S. Cosr#, Cantraine. Mediterranean Sea. 
S. auasra, Risso (— the above”). Mediterranean. 
S. Mozsr, Morch. Manilla. 
S. cicgas, Lesson. Moluccas. 
S. pPAPILLOSA, Rees. Hab. unknown. 
S. SPIRALIS, Risso (? = S. obtusa, Schum.). Mediterranean. 
8. AnauinLz&, Morch. West Indies. 
S. MopgstA, Dall. West Indies. 


Genus CRY PTOBIA, Desh., 1863. 


The two species, MICHELINI and HETEROPSAMMARIUM, are not 
described or figured. Isl. Reunion. 


Famity ZURRITELLIDA. 


Animal with a short broad rostrum; long, subulate, diverging | 
tentacles, the eyes slightly prominent at their external base; i, 
mantle margin fringed, slightly plicate or channeled in front and 
on the right side; branchial plume single, very long; foot very 
short, truncate in front, attenuated and obtuse behind, grooved | 
beneath, operculigerous lobe simple. 

The lingual dentition varies in the number of margined teeth ; 
thus for 7. acicula, the marginals are suppressed, and the for- 
mula is 0—1-1—1-0 (PI. 59, fig. 30); for 7. ungulina, 2-1-1-1-2, § 
(Pl. 30, fig. 11), and for 7. triplicata 8-1-1-1-3 (Pl. 59, fig. 29). # 
T. lactea, representing the group Mesalia, has the marginal teeth 
with smooth edges, formula 2—1—1-1-2 (PI. 30, fig. 12). 

Shell spiral, not umbilicated, spire very long, of numerous 
whorls, with revolving striz or carinations, and curved growth- 
strie ; mouth obliquely oval or subquadrangular, usually entire, 
lip not thickened. Operculum multispiral. 

The genus Eglisia, Gray, 1840, included by many conchologists 
in this family, belongs apparently to the Scalariide. Von 
Maltzan has recently described a genus Smithia, 1883, which is 
said to have a multispiral operculum, and is placed by him in 
Turritellide, yet in the scalariform whorls, depressed superior 
portion, etc., it appears to be simply an exaggeration of the char- 
acters of Eglisia; and it is connected with that group by Fischer. 

The Turritellide have been monographed by : 

Kiener. Cogquilles vivantes. 34 species. 

Reeve. Conchologia Iconica. 68 species. 1849. 

Boury has monographed the genus Mathilda, in Journal de 
Conchyliologie, 1883. 


Synopsis of Genera. 
Genus TURRITELLA, Lam., 1799. 


Shell pyramidal, the numerous whorls spirally striated or 
ridged, crossed by arcuated growth-lines, spire very long, aper- 
ture oval or subquadrangular, entire, lip thin. Operculum with 
fimbriated margin. 

(192) 


| 


TURRITELLIDA. 193 


About a hundred species are known, inhabiting all seas, but 
principally tropical and subtropical. The fossils number about 
four hundred species ; the genus commenced in the trias. 

The genus Proto, Defrance, 1824, is probably founded ona 
young Turritella: Proto of authors (Protoma, Baird) is different. 


Section I. TurrireLua (restricted). 
Whorls rounded, spirally striate, unicolored, aperture rounded. 
Section II. Hausraror, Montfort, 1810. 


Whorls flattened, mouth subquadrangular, outer lip sinuous ; 
usually undulatingly strigate with chestnut-color. 


Section III. Torcuna, Gray, 1847. 


Shell turriculated, usually white or horn-colored with faint 
strigations of chestnut-color; whorls subangular, with a median 
excavation ; aperture subquadrangular, the outer lip with a slight 
median sinus. 


Section IV. Zarta, Gray, 1847. 


Shell turriculated, without color markings ; whorls carinated ; 
aperture subquadrangular, outer lip simple. 


Section V. Turrite.worsis, Sars, 1878. 


Shell like Turritella, the whorls of the spire grooved across ; 
aperture oval. The radula is without marginal teeth. Inhabits 
boreal seas. Tachyrhynchus, Morch., 1868, separated from 
Mesalia by a slight difference in the operculum, is a synonym. 
I do not adopt it instead of Turritellopsis because the real dif- 
ferences of radula, size and habitat are not mentioned. 


Subgenus Mesania, Gray, 1842. 


Shell turritelliform, the last whorl rounded; aperture oval, 
slightly produced in front into a rudimentary channel, lip sharp, 
arcuated, slightly sinuous behind, columella flattened, a little 
twisted at the base. Operculum with fewer whorls than in Tur- 
ritella, the nucleus central. Lateral and marginal teeth of the 
radula with smooth edges. 

West Africa; fossil in the Eocene. 
13 


194 TURRITELLIDA, 


Subgenus ArcotiA, Stoliczka, 1868. 


Turreted, elongated, spirally striate, the incremental lines 
straight, not curved; columella excavated, aperture angulately 
rounded, subeffuse anteriorly. 

Jurassic and Cretaceous of India. T. Inpica, Stol. (8. and 8. 
Conch., t. 67, f. 64). 


Subgenus Lirsorrocuus, Conrad. 


Shell having the appearance of an elongated Trochus; spire 
obtuse, the whorls numerous, transversely grooved, last whorl 
carinated, smaller than the spire; there is a thickened sutural 
band, with very numerous growth-striz ; aperture subtetragonal, 
entire. 

Lias of Chili. T. Humpoxpri, Buch (8. and S. Conch. t. 67, _ 
£60): 

Genus PROTOMA, Baird, 1870. 


Shell turreted, with flattened whorls, aperture oval, narrowly 
channeled and excised in front, with a basal swelling and a 
fasciole around the excision, lip sinuous behind. Operculum 
circular, corneous, multispiral. | 

A single recent species is known, from West Africa. 

This is the genus Proto, of authors, not Defrance, represented 
in the Miocene of Europe. 


? Genus GLAUCONIA, Geibel, 1852. 


Shell turriculated, conical, sometimes pupiform, the whorls 
less numerous than in Turritella, and crossed by costulations ; 
outer lip notched or sinuated by an impressed furrow which 
winds round the last whorl ; aperture rounded, continuous ; colu- 
mella usually distinctly umbilicated. There are about 30 creta- 
ceous species, Hurope, India and America. Omphalia, Zekeli, 
1852 (not Omphalius, Phil.), and Cassiope, Coquand, 1866, are 
synonyms. 

Usually considered a member of this family, but is remarkably 
allied to Melanatria. 


TURRITELLA. 195 


Genus MATHILDA, Semper, 1865. 


Shell turriculated, rather solid, apex heterostrophe, abruptly 
turned from left to right; whorls in the typical species trans- 
versely cingulated and reticulated, longitudinally striated ; aper- 
ture entire, subrotund, base sometimes subeffuse; lip acute, 
columella smooth. Operculum corneous, rather solid, multi- 
spiral, the external face concave, nucleus central. 

Animal with very long thread-like, divergent tentacles, with 
rather large eyes on prominences upon their exterior side, about 
a quarter of their length from the base; foot large, cut out in 
front, obtuse behind; operculigerous lobe having a row of cilia 
in constant movement. 

Seas of Europe, China, Australia, Strait of Magellan. 

There are about thirty tertiary and a few secondary species. 

** Mathilda,” writes Dr. Fischer, ‘‘ has the shell of Turritella, 
with the heterostrophe embryonic whorls of Pyramidella; the 
exterior form of the animal, the position of the eyes, and the 
structure of the operculum, relate it to the former,” On the 
other hand, Monterosato finds in it affinities with Solarium, and 
Jeffreys places it in the Pyramidellide. The radula is unfortu- 
nately unknown. 


Subgenus GEGANIA, Jeffreys, 1884. 
Shell small, conic, reticulated, imperforate, the nucleus glob- 
ular and twisted, not spiral and not sinistral. G. pinauts, Jeffr. 
Coast of Portugal (abyssal). 
Differs from Mathilda in its short spire and non-heterostrophe 
apex. 


4~ Genus TURRITELLA, Lam., 1799. 


Section TurRiTELLA (typical). 
WSTEREBEA, Linn: PI. 59, figs. 32, 33. 


Whorls convex, each with about 6 revolving ridges and inter- 
mediate close striew, suture deep; yellowish brown to chestnut- 
color. Length, 5-8 inches. 

Singapore, Java, Philippines. 

T. Archimedis, Dillwyn, is a synonym, and TZ. spectrum, Reeve 
(fig. 33), is at most a variety, developing more numerous ridges. 


196 {URRITELLA. 


T. BACILLUM, Kiener. PI. 59, figs. 34,35; Pl. 60, fig. 42. 


Whorls somewhat flattened in: the middle, but with deep 
suture, with about 6 revolving ridges and fine intermediate 
strie ; light yellowish ash to chestnut-color, the ridges on the 
larger whorls often marked by darker lines. Length, 4-5 inches. 

Ceylon, China. 

This is possibly only a variety of 7’. terebra, the essential differ- 
ence being that its whorls are somewhat flattened in the middle. 

T. cerea, Reeve (fig. 35) is a synonym. In the darker colored 
specimens, called 7. crocea, by Kiener (fig. 42), there is often a 
more or less defined lighter colored sutural band. 


T. uNeuLINA, Linn. PI. 60, fig. 43. 


Whorls about fifteen, convex, rather smooth, with about ten 
low ridge-like striz, the interstices superficially striulate ; chest- 
nut-color, becoming dark chocolate towards the aperture. 

Length, 8 inches. 

T. fuscata, Lam., is a synonym. West Africa. 


T. NIVEA, Gray. Pl. 60, fig. 44. 


Whorls about 20, convex, a little slopingly flattened around 
the upper part, encircled by seven to ten low ridges and inter- 


mediate striz. Length, 3°5 inches. 
East Coast of Africa. 


I have some doubt about the correctness of the locality 
assigned for this species, and think it very probable that it will 
prove to be a colorless variety of 7. ungulina. In one of the 
specimens before me the spire is chestnut-tinted. 


T. communis, Risso. Pl. 60, figs. 45, 46. 

Whorls about 15, convex or somewhat flattened, the last some- 
times with an obtuse angle below, with spiral slight ridges and 
intermediate striz, often several of the ridges stronger; yellow- 
ish brown to rusty chestnut color, often variegated in irregular 
longitudinal stripes, interior of aperture usually purplish tinged. 


Length, 2 inches. 
Europe. 


The nomenclature of this species is somewhat involved. It is 


TURRITELLA. 197 


T. terebra of Linn. Faun. Suec., but not of the Systema, and 
some conchologists prefer this name ; it is more frequently known, 
however, as 7. cornea, Lam., although its identification is not 
beyond question. Other synonyms are 7. ungulina, Lovén, etc. 
(not Linn.), 7. Linnezi, Deshayes, and 7’. imbricosoluta, Gregorio, 
the latter described as a variety. 


T. Capensis, Krauss. Pl. 60, fig. 47. 


Whorls about 15, rounded, brownish, white-clouded, with 
irregular obtuse revolving lines and deep suture, base a little 
angulated, aperture light brownish. Length, 28 mill. 

Cape of Good Hope. 
T. TRIPLICATA, Studer. Pl. 60, figs. 48-50. 

Whorls 15, with deep suture, spirally striated, three-ribbed, 
ribs flattened, the middle one the largest, the upper one smallest, 
duplicate, and sometimes obsolete towards the apex; whitish, 
variegated and flamed with chestnut, sometimes all chestnut. 

Length, 1-1°5 inches. 

Mediterranean Sea; West Africa ; 
Canary Is., Coast of Spain. 
Includes 7. incrassata, Sowb., T. tricarinata, Brocchi. 


Var. TURBONA, Monts. Fig. 50. 


Shell larger, bicarinate. Near Civita Vecchia. 


T. FAScIALIS, Menke. PI. 59, figs. 36, 37. 


Very slender; whorls about 18, convex, four-ridged, suture 
deeply impressed ; yellowish, chestnut banded at the suture. 


Length, 1 inch. 
Japan, China Sea. 


Menke described his species without locality ; the shell which 
Reeve has figured for it is said, on the authority of Cuming, to 
have been dredged in “ Bay of Montija, Central America (in 
coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms).” That this habitat 
is an error can scarcely be doubted; not only has the locality 
failed to yield additional specimens, but Mr. A. Adams has 
recognized in the figure a Japanese species of which the unfigured 
T. gracillima, Gould, of Japan, likewise, is a synonym. My 
type specimens of the latter confirm this. 7. bicolor, Ad. and 
Reeve (fig. 37), is another synonym. 


198 TURRITELLA. 


T. CINGULIFERA, Sowb. PI. 59, figs. 38-41. 


Slender, with about twelve whorls, contracted beneath the 
deep suture, then rounded, with a number of thin, elevated 
spiral striz ; whitish to yellowish brown, chestnut banded next 
the suture, sometimes with undulating transverse chestnut lines 
or acentral chestnut band made up of two or three close parallel 


lines on the last whorl. Length, °75 inch. 
Australia. 


The type is lighter colored than usual; 7. fragiiis, Kiener 
(fig. 39), better represents the ordinary appearance of the species, 
whilst 7. fusco-cincta Petit (fig. 40) is a variety with different 
development of the ridging, and 7. parva, Angas (fig. 41), is a 
juvenile. 

“Section Hausraror, Montfort, 1810. 


T. contostoma, Val. Pl. 60, figs. 51,52; Pl. 61, figs. 53-57. 


Whorls 18 to 20, flattened in the middle, with fine spiral striz, 
and sometimes a few more prominent ridges; when the latter 
are present they usually define the flattened area above and 
below, with occasionally some intermediate ridges upon the 
area, and a number of stronger ridges on the base of the body- 
whorl; ridges sometimes irregularly nodulous; first whorls of 
the spire unicarinate in the middle; whitish, thickly marbled, 
speckled and irregularly strigate with chestnut or chocolate- 


color. Length, 4—6 inches. 
Payta, Peru to Mazatlan. 


The synonyms include 7. Broderipiana, d’Orb. (fig. 53), and 
T. Californica, Brod. (teste d’Orb.); 7. marmorata, Kiener (fig. 
54); Z. lentiginosa, Reeve (fig. 55); TZ. punctata, Kiener (fig. 
56), and 7. Banksii, Reeve (fig. 57), a juvenile. This list com- 
prises shells nearly smooth, and those with strong revolving 
ridges, also both slim and stout specimens, and shows a varia- 
bility ‘which, if common to other species of the genus, would 
largely reduce their number. The specimens before me fully 
suffice to make out the synonymy as I have given it. 


T. vaniecaTa, Linn. PI. 61, fig. 58: Pl. 62, figs. 63, 64. 


Whorls 15 or 16, the first few carinated in the middle, the rest 
flattened, swollen above the suture, with four or five distant 


TURRITELLA. 199 


obsoletely granulated ridges, and intermediate fine striz ; whitish, 
boldly longitudinally clouded and strigated with chocolate-color. 

Length, 2°5—4 inches. 

West Indies. 

The difference between this and the preceding species is mainly 
locality, yet the clouded painting is usually of a bolder pattern. 
The 7. goniostoma and all its varieties might be united with this 
without injury to science. 

This is 7. terebra, Donovan; 7. marmorata, Chemn., perhaps 
T. meta, Reeve (fig. 63), and TZ. imbricata, Linn., figured by 
Reeve as var. elongata (fig. 64). 


T. TIGRINA, Kiener. Pl. 62, figs. 65, 66. 


Whorls 18-20, rather narrow, flatly sloping, swollen below and 
obtusely angulated, encircled by eight to ten riblets and inter- 
vening close striz, suture deep; whitish, longitudinally irregu- 
larly strigate with dark chestnut or chocolate-color. 

Length, 3-4°5 inches. 

Panama to Mazatlan. 

The more scalariform whorls and more definite obliquely 
longitudinal painting distinguish this from the preceding species ; 
the upper whorls, also, have no central carina. T. Cumingii, 
Reeve (fig. 66), is a synonym. 

T. ROSEA, Quoy. PI. 62, figs. 67, 68; Pl. 61, fig. 59. 

Whorls about 15, flat, the last sharply angled around the 
base, the angle defined by a:rib, above which is another rib; 
encircled by rather close, raised striz, finer on the base; yel- 
lowish, marbled with chestnut, the raised striz. usually darker 
chestnut. Length, 2—-2°5 inches. New Zealand. 

T. lineolata, Kiener (fig. 68), is described from a light colored 
or faded specimen. The coloring of none of the specimens 
before me justifies Quoy’s specific name. I think that 7. Han- 
leyana, Reeve (fig. 59), will prove to be a young specimen of 
this species. 

T. SANGUINEA, Reeve. Pl. 62, fig. 69. 

Whorls 18-20, slopingly convex to an angle above the deep 
suture, spirally grooved, with wider, flat-topped ridges; whitish 
variegated on the ridges with transverse oblong chestnut-colored 
markings. Length, 2-3 inches. Gulf of California. 


200 TURRITELLA. 


T. pectivis, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 70. 


Whorls about 18, flatly slanting to an angle above the suture, 
nearly smooth, very finely undulately striated, plicate in the 
middle, towards the apex; yellowish white, stained with livid 
brown, the earlier whorls spotted with brown in a row beneath 
the suture. Length, 2 inches. 

China Sea. 
T. sinuaTA, Reeve. PI. 61, fig. 60. 

Whorls 14, flattened, finely spirally ridged and striated, lip 
deeply sinuous; light fulvous, with a red-dotted white zone 
beneath the suture. Length, -65 inch. 

Hab. unknown. 
T. cINGULATA, Sowb. PI. 62, fig. 71. 

Whorls about 17, convexly flattened, spirally strongly three- 
ribbed, often with alternate smaller riblets, ribs usually gran- 
osely crenulated, suture deep; whitish, the ribs very dark 
chocolate or nearly black, aperture numerously chocolate banded. 

T. tricarinata, King, is a synonym. Chili. 


T. COLUMNARIS, Kiener. PI. 63, fig. 76. 


Whorls about 30, narrow, the earlier ones showing two 
approximate keels in the middle, the rest rather flattened and 
about ten-ridged, the ridges obsoletely granulated, with inter- 
mediate fine strie, suture excavated ; yellowish white, with light 
chestnut-colored waved longitudinal streaks. Length, 4 inches. 

Ceylon. 
T. LEucostomA, Val. PI. 62, fig. 72. . 

Whorls about 20, very narrow, contracted around the exca- 
vated suture, flattened, spirally about 6-ridged, the ridges narrow, 
rather distant, granose, the interstices very finely striated; 
whitish, faintly longitudinally clouded with light chestnut, ridges 
chestnut-spotted. Length, 3 inches. 

West Coast of Central America. 


T.CoorrEri, Carp. PI. 61, fig. 61. 

Whorls about 17, slopingly flattened, excavated at the suture, 
two-ridged and finely striated spirally, the last whorl doubly 
ridged below, with a single ridge above; yellowish, longitu- 
dinally flamed with chestnut or chocolate. Length, 1°75 inches. 

Southern California. 


vy 
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ee SES ES 


TURRITELLA. 201 


T. ruBEscENS, Reeve. PI. 61, fig. 62. 


. Acuminately turreted ; whorls 13, spirally pals ridged and 
striated, the first few wlors keeled in the middle, keel quickly 
vanishing; lightred. Length, -65 inch. 

Bay of Montija, West Columbia. 
All the whorls are somewhat prominent in the middle, occupied 
by the keel in the first few whorls. 
The above is Reeve’s description of a young shell which does 
not appear to possess any special characteristics ; it will possibly 
prove identical with one of the larger species from the same 
region. 


T. FLAMMULATA, Kiener. PI. 62, fig. 73. 


Whorls 18, the earlier ones two-ridged, the rest convex, seven- 
ribbed, the middle ribs broader; fulvous white, stained with rose, 
dotted and clouded with chestnut, base rose color. 
Length, 2°75 inches. 

West Africa. 

T. rorutosa, Kiener. PI. 62, fig. 74. 
Whorls 15, flatly convex, the earlier ones two-ridged, after- 
wards becoming four-ridged, ridges obsoletely granulated, two 
lower ones always the most prominent, interstices closely spirally 
striate; light yellowish white dotted and longitudinally flamed 
with light chestnut. Length, 5 inches. 
? Red Sea. 

Ts possibly a mere variety of the following species. 


T. TRIsuLcATA, Lam. PI. 63, fig. 75 


Whorls about 18, conspicuously three-ribbed, the intermediate 
grooves hollowed, striated; whitish, violaceous towards the apex, 
sparsely longitudinally flamed with chestnut. 
Length, 2°5 inches. ' 
Red Sea. 

T. RADULA, Kiener. PI. 63, fig. 77. 
Whorls about 22, doubly ridged above and below, the wide 
intermediate space concave, striated, ridges, except the lowest, 
rather obsoletely granose, last whorl sometimes lamellated ; 
light brownish, spotted, strigated and flamed with chestnut. 
Length, 2°75 inches, 

Bay of Guayaquil. 


202 TURRITELLA. 


T. nopuLosa, King. PI. 63, figs. 78-80. 


Whorls 14 or 15, nodulously ridged, a central ridge usually 
stronger, making an angulation, concave and striate in the mid- 
dle; light yellowish brown, longitudinilly chestnut-flamed be- 
tween the nodules Length, 2 inches. 

Gulf of Dulce, Central America. 

Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. T. papillosa, 
Kiener (fig. 80), is a synonym. 


T. aquiza, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 81. 


Whorls 14-15, concavely sloping around the upper part, then 
somewhat obscurely broadly two-ribbed, conspicuously engraved 
throughout with grooved striz, last whorl neatly ridged and 
striated beneath; swarthy brown, obliquely spotted and 
streaked with reddish chestnut. Length, 1°6 inches. 

Nagasaki Bay, Japan. 

“The painting of this species has rather a dotted appearance 
from its being everywhere cut through by the striate grooves.” 
—REEVE. . 


C. BicincuLaTaA, Lam. PI. 63, fig. 82. 


Whorls about 18, each bearing two strong, rounded, nodulous 
ribs, separated by a narrow, concave groove, which is closely 
striated, base concentrically ridged; yellowish or purplish 
white, thickly covered with purple-chestnut longitudinal flames, 
aperture maculated purplish. Length, 2-5-3 inches. 


Cape Verd Is. 
It is 7. biangulata, Blainy. 


T. MACULATA, Reeve. Pl. 63, fig. 83. 


Differs from the preceding species in the keels of the earlier 
whorls being comparatively obsolete, the base of the shell more 
concave, and marked by numerous colored linear striz, which 
are continued over the whole shell. There is none of the bold 
blotchy painting which distinguishes 7. bicingulata, but the 
upper margin of the whorls has a row of irregular chestnut 
spots immediately beneath the suture. Length, 2°75 inches. 

China Sea, 


TURRITELLA. 203 


T. KnysNAEnsIS, Krauss. PI. 63, fig. 84. 

~Whorls 17, convex, with profound suture, with two approxi- 
mate central keels (three on last whorl), and narrower spiral 
lines; whitish marbled and longitudinally strigate with chestnut. 


Length, | inch. 
Cape of Good Hope. 


|. QT. annuata, Kiener. PI. 63, fig. 85. 

Whorls 20, sloping above, then two-keeled with a narrow 
intervening sulcus, closely striate, the striz above and below 
the keels stronger than in the sulcus; yellowish white, 
obscurely longitudinally flamed with light chestnut. 

Length, 2°75 inches. 

West Africa. 
T. Gunni, Reeve. PI. 63, figs. 86, 87. 

Whorls 18, flattened, irregularly inconspicuously ridged and 
striated, suture excavated ; whitish, with chestnut-colored waved 
flames, aperture light purplish. Length, 2 inches. 

Tasmania, Australia. 
Var. TasmMAnica, Reeve. Fig. 87. 

Whorls 15, rather flattened, ridged at the lower edge, encir- 
cled with two ridges and intermediate striz above, interstices 
very closely decussated with minute oblique raised striz. 


T. inctsa, Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 88. 


Whorls 12, flatly convex, concavely angled at the base, spi- 
rally very closely marked with engraved striz ; ash-brown. 

Length, °75 inch. 

Sydney, Australia. 
T. INFRACONSTRICTA, Smith. PI. 63, fig. 89. 

Whorls about 20, convexly flattened, with excavated suture, 
finely lirated and two-ridged; brownish white, minutely dotted 
with chocolate-color on the lire. Length, 2 inches. 

Andaman Is. 
T. HasTULA, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 93. 

Whorls 22-23, slender, flatly convex, concentrically plicately 
wrinkled, last whorl swollen at the base, with the wrinkles 
obsolete, all the whorls spirally impressly striated, the inter- 
mediate ridges being obsoletely granulated ; ash-white, arcuately 
streaked and variegated with purple-brown. Length, 2-25 inches. 

Hab. unknown. 


204 TURRITELLA. 


T. virruLATA, Adams and Reeve. PI. 63, figs. 90, 91. 


Whorls 12, flatly convex, with deep suture, spirally sharply 
six-ridged and striated, the interstices showing oblique longitu- 
dinal striz, ridges thin, the two lower ones more prominent; 
yellowish white to light brown, irregularly interruptedly stained 
with chestnut. Length, -75 inch. : | 

China Sea, 

T. canaliculata, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 91), is a bleached speci- 

men of this species. 


T. MULTILIRATA, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 97. 


Shell delicate, translucent, whorls contracted round the upper _ 
part, gently slanting below, channeled round the lower part, spi- 
rally many-ridged, ridges very finely granulated ; pellucid, white. 

Length, | inch. 

China Sea. 

Although described as white, the original figure is decidedly 
colored a light violaceous brown. 


T. FASTIGIATA, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 92. 

Whorls 18-20, narrow, convex, contracted above, slanting, then 
rounded, very finely ridged and striated, two-keeled towards the 
apex ;. variegated with pale violet and white, and oblique brown- 
ish streaks, ridges dotted or articulated with light brown. 4 

Length, 1°75 inches. 

. China Sea. 

T. conceLAta, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 94. 

Whorls 16, convexly flattened, smooth, obscurely three-ridged, 
ridges narrow, distant; translucent white. Length,*75 inch. _ 

China Sea. 
T. pacopa, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 95. 

Whorls 14-15, slantingly flattened, spirally sharply ridged, » 
conspicuously encircled with a single sharp rib below, paired on 
the body-whorl, first few whorls two-ribbed ; whitish, obscurely 
flamed with light fulvous. Length, °8 inch. New Zealand. 

7 
T. CANDIDA, Reeve. Pl. 64, fig. 96. 

Whorls 18, spirally ridged, at first two-keeled around the upper 
part, concave in the middle, then with a single keel, two last 
whorls four-keeled, suture excavated ; white, without markings. 

Length, 2 inches. Hab. unknown. 


TURRITELLA. 205 


T’. pecIPIENS, Monts. PI. 64, fig. 3. 


Whorls about 10, convexly flattened, the suture slightly 
marked, with crowded revolving lines, the earlier whorls carinate 
in the middle, afterwards becoming indistinct, the middle line a 
little more prominent than the others, base concave, defined by 
asharp angle; light yellowish brown to chestnut-brown, with 
fine flexuous chestnut stripes and spots. Length, 1 inch. 


Gabes, Tunis. 
It is 7. subangulata, Auct., not Brocchi. 


T. ALBA, H. Adams. PI. 64, fig. 4. 


Turreted, thin, white; whorls 12, carinated in the middle, the 
last whorl bicarinate, with a broad intervening flattened space, 
a little concave, everywhere spirally striate. Length, 14 mill. 


fed Sea. 
Apparently a young shell. 


“Section TorcuLa, Gray, 1847. 
7. EXOLETA, Linn. PI. 64, figs. 98-1. 


Whorls 16 or 17, rudely ridged above and below, the broad 
intermediate space concavely excavated, and sometimes crossed 
by thin lamelle, lower rib of body-whorl double; margin of the 
aperture sinuated in the middle; yellowish white, obscurely 
longitudinally flamed with light chestnut, more conspicuous on 
the ridges. Length, 2—2°5 inches. 

West Indies. 

The longitudinal septz are frequently wanting. It is 7’. tor- 
cularis, Born, and 7’. obsoleta, Gmel. Iregard 7’. cochlea, Reeve 
(fig. 100), as a specimen accidentally less closely coiled than 
usual, so that the paired lower ribs are exhibited on several of the 
‘whorls. 7’. excavata, Sowb. (fig. 1), said. to come from Agulhas 
Bank, So. Africa, is also a synonym. 


T. MONILIFERA, Adams and Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 5. 


Whorls 15, stout, with upper and lower moderate ridges and 
a slightly concave wide middle space, lower carina doubled in 
the body-whorl; pinkish white, upper ridge with chestnut spots. 


Length, 1:25 inches. 
China Sea. 


206 TURRITELLA. 


T. CLATHRATA, Kiener. PI. 64, figs. 2, 16. 


Whorls 18, narrow, flattened, smooth, strongly two-keeled, 
with intermediate sulcus, and sloping concave surface to the 
suture above; fulvous, obscurely marked with spots or stripes of 


chestnut, keels paler. Length 1°75 inches. 
Australia. 
With this species I unite 7. constricta, Reeve (fig. 16). 


T. concava, Martens. PI. 64, fig. 6. 


’ Whorls about 10, alabaster white, obliquely striulate, the first 
two whorls smooth, the rest bicarinate, the carinz indistinct, the 
lower one at the suture, base concave, margin of aperture deeply 


sinuated. Length, 16 mill. 
Mauritius. 
T. CARINIFERA, Lam. PI. 64, fig. 7. 


Whorls 15, stout, turreted, slanting on the upper part, then 
encircled by two stout carine, with an intermediate shallow 
sulcus, everywhere finely, undulately, spirally striate; white, 
sometimes with a violaceous tint. Length, 3°75 inches. 


? Cape of Good Hope. 
T. GEmMMATA, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 8. 


Whorls about 15, with two granulated approximate ridges 
next the suture, and a single plain ridge at the base, concave in 
the middle; white, faintly stained here and there with light 
orange brown. Length, 1°5 inches. 

Hab. unknown. 
T. Hookert, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 9. 


Whorls 15, rather thin, with two sharp, remote keels and 
slightly concave interval, lower keel doubled on the body whorl ; 


translucent white. Length, 22 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 
T. acuta, Tenison-Woods. PI. 64, fig. 10. 


Whorls 12, narrow, flat, the earlier ones smooth, then encircled 
by a couple of slight ridges, and smaller elevated lines, the sur- 
face between the ridges slightly concave; yellowish white, 


obscurely marked with chestnut. Length, 28 mill. 
Tasmania. 
Figured from a specimen. 


TURRITELLA. 207 


Section Zaria, Gray, 1847. 
oT. DupLicaTA, Linn. PI. 65, figs. 20-22. 


Whorls about 16, stout, ponderous, the first few with several 
subequal keels, afterwards first one keel and then a pair of them 
are developed more strongly, whilst the others become faint or 
obsolete, everywhere closely spirally striate ; fulvous cream color, 
becoming light chestnut towards the apex. Length, 5-6 inches. 

Indian Ocean. 

T. replicata and T. acutangula, Linn. (fig. 21), are synonyms. 

In the latter the second prominent keel is not developed. 


Var. ATTENUATA, Reeve. Fig. 22. 


Reeve attempts to distinguish this from 7. acutangula by the 
want of the single prominent keel, but the variations between 
these forms are infinite. so that attenuata can barely stand as a 
variety. Z'. acutangula, Desh., not Linn., is a variety. 


T. FERRUGINEA, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 11. 

Whorls 16, convex, finely spirally ridged, first whorls two- 
keeled, keels gradually fading, the lower whorls becoming 
obtusely subangulated below the middle ; whitish, longitudinally 
undulately strigate with chestnut. Length, 3°75 inches. 

Hab. unknown. 
T. AUSTRALIS, Lam. PI. 65, fig. 23. 

Whorls about 12, with deep suture, encircled by a prominent 
central nodulous carina, and a less prominent subnodulous one 
below the suture, spirally striate ; yellowish brown, brown banded 
on the base. Length, 1 inch. Australia, Tasmania. 

T. granulifera, Woods, is a synonym. 


Section TuRRITELLOPSIS, Sars, 1878. 


T. acicuLA, Stimpson. PI. 64, fig. 12. 

Small, turreted, subulate, thin, white; whorls 10, very convex, 
longitudinally striate and spirally ribbed; aperture rounded, 
effuse anteriorly, peristome acute. Length, 5 mill. 

Cape Cod, northwards ; Norway to Sitka. 

Distinguished from the young of 7. erosa by its much more 
convex whorls and prominent ribs. 7. tenuisculpta, Carp., is a 
synonym. 


208 TURRITELLA. 


T. ROSA, Couth. PI. 64, figs. 13, 14. 


Whorls 9-11, rather flat, sloping towards the suture, with from 
three to five narrow revolving grooves, apex generally eroded ; 
yellowish brown. Length, 12°5 mill. 

Massachusetts to Greenland, Alaska. 

T. polaris, Beck, and T. Eschrichtti, Midd. (fig. 14), are syn- 
onyms. In the Arctic regions the species attains double the 
above dimensions. 


T. RETICULATA, Mighels and Adams. PI. 64, figs. 15,19 Pi 
65, figs. 24-26. . 

More slender than the preceding form ; whorls 11-12, rounded, 
with three to five spiral striz, and longitudinal folds; yellowish 
brown. Length, 17 mill. 

Maine to Greenland, Alaska. 

T. costulata, Mighels and Adams (fig. 24), M. lactea, Miller 
(fig. 25), 7. lacteola, Carp., and 7’. erosa, var. costata, Aurivil- 
lius (fig. 26), are synonyms. The latter author appears to con- 
sider the present species identical with 7’. erosa: as Arctic 
shells are very variable, this may be the case; yet I can readily 
distinguish the two species among the numerous specimens 
before me. . 


Var. pEcLIvIS, Aurivillius. Fig. 19. 
Shell without sculpture, Length, 27°5 mill. 


Unfigured, Undetermined and Spurious Species. 


T. RUNCINATA, T. accisaA, T. CARLoTT, T. CoRDISMEI, T. LAMEL- 

Losa, Watson. S. £. Australia. 
T. ADMIRABILIS, Watson. | Admiralty Islands. 
T. peLIc1iosaA, Watson. N. Australia. 
T. AUSTRINA, Watson. Kerguelen Isl. 
T. Putiiprensis, Watson. Pt. Philip, Australia. 
T. AREOLATA, Stimpson. = Turbonilla. 
T. PusILLA, Jeffreys. Not a Turritella. 
T. Yucatanvm, Dall. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. 
T. FULMINATA, T. viITTATA, Hutton. New Zealand. 
T. Sopu1®, Brazier (7. incisa, Woods, not Reeve). 


Pt. Jackson, Australia. 
. AURBOCINCTA, Martens, Friendly Islands. 


- 


Sabet 


arth RPMI 


Fg 


ee ea eels a 


TURRITELLA. 209 
T. suss@uAMosa, Dunker. Bass Strait, Australia. 
T. pukA, Morch. Realejo, Centr. Am. 
T. GRANOSA, Quoy. Not a Turritella. 
T. CERITHIUM, Quoy. —Cerithium. 
T. Viraintana, Lam. (2) Virginia. 
T. TRICINGULATA, Anton., T. NIVEA, Anton. No locality. 
T. spina, Crosse and Fischer. Australia. 
T. PUNCTICULATA, Sowb. Agulhas Bank, So. Africa. 
T. ImpRESSA, Say, T. BISUTURALIS, Say. =—Odostomia. 
T. NEBULOSA, Kiener. Not a Turritella. 
T. TasMANIcA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. 
T. CONCAVA, Say, T. ALTERNATA, Say. = Terebra. 
T. HQUALIS, Say. — Turbonilla. 
T. rricincta, Hutton. Described as a tertiary fossil, but is also 


living. TZ. symmetrica, Hutton and 7. rosea, Mantell (not 
Quoy), are synonyms. N. Zealand. 


Subgenus Mesattia, Gray, 1842. 


T. BREVIALIS, Lam. PI. 65, figs. 27-29. 


Whorls 15, convex, five-ridged, the upper one often forming a 
sutural margin, lower ones frequently faint, interstices finely 
closely striated ; aperture a little effuse below; white, ash-color 
or brownish olivaceous, aperture often violaceous. 

Length, 2—2°5 inches, 

Northern and Western Africa. 

The synonymy includes 7. mesul, Deshayes; 7’. sulcata, Gray ; 
T. suturalis, Forbes. 


T, vARIA, Kiener. Pl. 65, figs. 30, 31. 
Whorls 12, convex, about five-ridged ; yellowish white to violet 
ash-color, interior brownish. Length, 1 inch. 
West Africa, Cuba. 
T. Caribexa, d’Orb. (fig. 31), from the latter locality, appears 
to be identical; it remains to ascertain whether this species is 
really distinct, or only a small variety of 7. brevialis. 


T. MELANOIDES, Reeve. PI. 65, fig. 32. 


Whorls 10, slightly concave at the upper part, obliquely longi- 
tudinally plicately ribbed, decussated with numerous spiral strize 
14 


210 MATHILDA. 


and distant ridges, suture impressed; whitish, sparsely dotted 
with chestnut. Length, 1°65 inches. 
Hab. unknown. 
T. opALINA, Adams and Reeve. PI. 65, fig. 33. 
Whorls 12, rounded, stout, a little constricted above to a 
sutural fasciole, smooth, very minutely striate ; yellowish white, 
with light chestnut curved longitudinal stripes. Length, 1 inch. 


China Sea. 

Unfigured Species of Mesalia. 
T. puicaTa, A. Ad. Teneriffe. 
T. pecussaTa, A. Ad. Philippines. 
T. Freytaai, Maltzan. W. Africa. 


Genus PROTOMA, Baird, 1870. 
P. KnockerI, Baird. Pl. 65, figs. 34, 35. 


Elongate subulate, transversely, narrowly closely sulcate ; 
whorls 16, flattened, with well-impressed suture, base of shell 
with a spiral fasciole ending in a deep incision of the base of the 
aperture ; white or brown. Length, 2°5 inches. 

Whydah, W. Coast of Africa. 


Genus MATHILDA, Semper, 1865. 
M. ELEGANTISSIMA, Costa. PI. 65, fig. 36; Pl. 64, figs. 17, 18. 


Whorls 9, turreted, with rounded spiral ribs more or less 
granulated by longitudinal lines, suture narrowly channeled ; 
brownish. Diam. 11 mill. 

Mediterranean. 

M. cochleformis (fig. 36), M. granolirata (fig. 17), and J. 
retusa (fig. 18), Costa, and M. funiculata, Tiberi, are synonyms. 


M. ELEGANTULA, Angas. PI. 65, fig. 37. 


Whorls 14, thin, translucent, nearly flat, whitish, each with 
three rounded spiral ribs, the one next the suture smallest, 
between the ribs finely longitudinally striate, striz raised and 
very thin, base of last whorl smooth and flattened ; nuclear whorl 


sinistral. Length, 11 mill. 
Port Jackson, Australia. 


are 


MATHILDA. Dick 


M. quapricincta, Brocchi. Pl. 65, fig. 38. 
Whorls carinated, turreted, convex, encircled by four narrow 
crenulated spiral ridges, the interstices longitudinally striate. 
Mediterranean. 
Described from an Italian tertiary fossil. Hylisia Macandree, 
H. Adams, is a synonym. 


M. sinEnsis, Fischer. Pl. 65, fig. 19. 


Whorls 11, elongated turreted, rather thick, embryonal ones 
smooth, the others turriculate, subcarinate, cancellate, with deep 
suture, traversed by four spiral ribs, the interstices longitudi- 
nally costate; yellowish. Length, 6 mill. 

Isle of Chusan, China Sea. 


Unfigured Species. 


M. TrRocaLeA, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I. 
M. Macerianica, Fischer. Sts. Magellan. 
M. coronata, Monts. Mediterranean. 


Subgenus GEGANIA, Jeffreys, 1884. 


M. pineuis, Jeffreys. Unfigured. Coast of Portugal. 


Famity CA CID. 


Shell tubular, with a spiral plane nucleus which is caducous 
or persistent, then becoming cylindrical, curved, terminating in 
a simple, circular aperture, the posterior portion of the tube 
usually divided by one or more septa (Pl. 66, figs. 47-51). 
Operculum horny, multispiral, margin sometimes fimbriated. 
There are usually three stages of growth in the shell of Cecum: 
first, the spiral or nuclear, soon lost by truncation, the end of 
the remaining tube closed by a septum; second, the adolescent 
stage, a curved tube, also lost subsequently; and, third, the 
adult tube, of similar curved shape, and again closed behind by 
a septum (PI. 66, fig. 39). In Strebloceras the three stages of 
growth are persistent and the septa consequently absent. 

Animal with a long flat rostrum; tentacles cylindrical, with 
sessile eyes at their outer base; mantle thick, fleshy, circular, 
closely embracing the neck; a single branchial plume; foot 
short, narrow, truncated in front, attenuated and obtuse behind. 
Dentition 2-1-2? a 

These minute mollusks have some points of resemblance with 
the Vermetide, but are always free and the foot is without the 
anterior tentacular projections which distinguish that family. 
The animal is not at all shy, and crawls with considerable vivacity. 

The Cecide, on account of their minuteness, have been neg- 
lected by collectors and students. No complete illustrated 
monograph of the family exists. P. P. Carpenter was the first 
naturalist to study them, and we are indebted to him for some 
of the subdivisions of the family at present recognized, as well 
as for others which must be relegated to the synonymy. Unfor- 
tunately the obvious distinctions of sculpture, often so charac- 
teristic of species and higher groups, have not the systematic 
importance here which Carpenter supposed them to have; the 
Marquis de Folin, the latest monographer of the group, having 
shown that the same species will sometimes vary from a smooth 
to aribbed surface. For this reason, and also because most of 
the species have not been figured, our knowledge of them 

(212) 


————— 


CAHCIDA. 213 


remains very incomplete and unsatisfactory. About two hun- 
dred nominal species have been described, and they appear to 
inhabit temperate and warm seas, throughout the world, but are 
absent in cold waters. Some tertiary species have been 
discovered. 

Two of the principal works in which the Marquis de Folin 
has described new species, namely, ‘‘ Les Fonds de la Mer,” and 
“Annales Soc. Linn. Maine et Loire,” xi, are unfortunately inac- 
cessible to me. The former publication is particularly import- 
ant for its illustrations. The Librarian of the Philadelphia 
Academy has made several unsuccessful attempts to secure this 
work through the Academy’s agents in Europe, and I am reluc- 
tantly compelled to do without it; my monograph is therefore 
necessarily very imperfect. On the other hand, I am able to 
give illustrations of a number of species of Carpenter and C. B. 
Adams hitherto unfigured. 


Genus CAICUM, Fleming, 1817. 


This is the only genus; the diagnosis consequently corres- 
ponds with that of the family. Odontina, Zborzewsky, 1834 ; 
Odontidium, Phil., 1836; Cornuoides, Brown, 1827; Brochus, 
Brown, 1829; Czcaliuwm, Macgillivray ; Corniculina, Munster ; 
Dentaliopsis, Clarke; Brochina, Gray, 1857, are synonyms. 

Costa has described the spiral portion only of the tube of a 
Cecum, probably Cecum trachea, under the name of Spiro- 
lidium Mediterraneum; but he included a second species in his 
genus, which appears to be a Parastrophia. 

The septum of the various species has a prominence upon the 
external face, which is directed backwards and presents consid- 
erable variation in form. 


Subgenus C cum, sensu stricto. 


Shell commencing with two or three whorls, planorboid (Pl. 
66, figs. 41, 42), which are subsequently lost by truncation, and 
the posterior extremity of the adult curved tube closed by a 
diaphragm. 

Brochina, Gray, was founded on a single specimen, insufli- 
ciently characterized by its convex operculum. 


914 CACIDA. 


Carpenter established the sections Elephantulum, Anellum 
and Fartulum, but De Folin rejects these, because they are not 
in harmony with all the forms included in them and are insuffi- 
cient to meet the present demands of science; he proposes 
instead :— 


Section I. Levia. Shells smooth. 

Section II. AnnunaTaA. Shells annulated. 

Section III! Cosrutata. Shells ribbed longitudinally. 
Section IV. QuapriLtaTA. Shells cancellated. 

Section V. ArmMaATaA. Shells spinose. 


Subgenus Meroceras, Carpenter, 1858. 


Young shell loosely spiral, not in one plane (PI. 66, fig. 43); 
the adult truncate behind, something like a cow’s-horn, some- 
what inflated, smooth, aperture oblique; operculum, externally 
concave, 

Most of the species occur on the east coast of America between 
Florida and Rio de la Plata. 


Subgenus Srresioceras, Carpenter, 1858. 


Shell not decollated and without septa, the permanent spiral 
nucleus lying in a plane obliquely perpendicular to the adult 
tube (Pl. 66, figs. 44, 45). Mostly fossil. 


Subgenus WarsontA, de Folin, 1879. 


Nucleus caducous, tube scarcely curved, conical, aperture 
round, very oblique, encircled by a strong rib. 


Subgenus ParaAstropata, de Folin, 1869. 


Shell tubular, with a scarcely spiral and entirely posterior 
pointed nucleus, the embryonic shell only having disappeared, 
anterior part of tube inflated (Pl. 66, f. 46). 

Moreletia, de Folin, 1868 (not Gray, 1855), and Spirolidium 
Costa (in part), are synonyms. 

The feature of this group is the persistence of the second or 
adolescent stage of growth, in the adult typical Cecum always 
lost by truncation. The posterior end is septate, but pointed. 


CABCUM. 915 


Genus CAACUM, Fleming, 1817. 
Section I. Levia. 


C. rave, C. B. Ad. Pl. 66, fig. 52. 

Shell rather obese, short, smooth, shining, subdiaphanous, 
tinged with brown, slightly contracted in front, the aperture 
oblique ; operculum concave. Length, 07 inch. 

Panama to Mazatlan. 

Folin has described vars. subornatum and cylindrica. The 
figure is from a specimen identified by P. P. Carpenter. 


C. FARCIMEN, Cpr. PI. 66, fig. 53. 

Like C. lzve, but whitish, aperture less contracted, more slen- 
der, septum submucronate; operculum with a spiral marginal 
rib. Length, :064 inch. Mazatlan. 


C. viTREUM, Cpr. PI. 66, fig. 54. 

Subelongate, vitreous, shining, a little tumid towards the 
oblique aperture, septum prominent, mucronate. 

Length, ‘078-107 inch. Teneriffe; Mediterranean Sea. 

C. Sardinianum,Folin, and C.glabrum,Mc Andrew, aresynonyms. 
Var. CLARKI, Carp. PI. 66, fig. 55. 

Shell smaller, straighter, septum ungulate, apex more obtuse. 


Teneriffe. 
C. DEXTROVERSUM, Carp. PI. 66, fig. 56. 


Narrow, rather elongated, thin, septum tumid, submamillated, 
operculum concave. Length, -092 inch. Mazatlan. 
The specimen figured is a junior. 


Var. ANTILLARUM, Carp. 

A single young specimen was found in W. Indian sponge, not 
presenting any characters by which it can be separated from C. 
dextroversum. Why should it be designated by a varietal name ? 


C. cLABRuM, Mont. PI. 66, fig. 57. 

Shell narrow, thin, smooth, subdiaphanous, aperture not con- 
tracted, nor tumid, white, septum without appendage. 

Length, °68 inch. Atlantic Coast of Europe. 

The operculum is externally convex, constituting it the type 
of Gray’s group Brochina. The synonyms include Dentalium 
minutum, Linn.; Brochus levis, Brown; Cornuoides minor, 
Brown (juvenile); Odontidium levissimum, Cantr.; Brochus 
arcuatus, Brown; Vermiculum incurvatum, Mont. 


216 CCUM. 


C. AURICULATUM, de Folin. PI. 66, fig. 58. 

Shell thin, hyaline, cylindrical, a little curved, white, septum 
with rounded projection, mouth encircled by a rib. 

Length, 075 inch. Mediterranean Sea. 

This is C. Chiereghinianum, Brusina, and perhaps Odontidiwm 
glabrum, Cantr. 


C. GLABRIFORMIS, Carp. 
Like C. glabrum, but the septum more tumidly mamillate, 
nearly hemispherical. Length, ‘073 inch. 
Mazatlan ; San Diego, Cal. 
The shell is said not to differ from C. glabrum. 


C. Acurrona, de Folin. Pl. 66, fig. 59. 

Rather solid, yellowish, shining, transversely very minutely 
striated, towards the aperture a little inflated and whitish, aper- 
ture a little oblique, subcontracted below, septum large, mamil- 
lated, subungulate. Operculum slightly convex, doubly margined. 

Length, 1 inch. -_ Bahia, Brazil. 
C. Somert, de Folin. PI. 66, fig. 60. 

Elongated, conical, smooth, whitish, almost opaque, aperture | 
not contracted nor oblique, septum projecting, mamillate at the ~ 
apex. Length, ‘095 inch. 


Pernambuco, Brazil. 
Unfigured Species, and those of which the Figures are 
inaccessible to me. 


C. corneum, Dkr. Brazil. 
C. Orcurtt, Dall. San Diego, California. 
C. pEcuRTATA, Monts. Sicily. 


C. PARVULUM, C. MINUTUM, C. IMPERFECTUM. C. VALIDUM, C. coM- 
PLANATUM, C. MASSILIENSE, C. MODESTUM, C. CARMENENSE 
(I. Carmen), C. cuccina (Vera Cruz), C. ORIENTALE (TI. 
Rhodes), C. VERAcRUZANUM (Mexico), C. stricosum (Rio 
Janeiro), C. BIMAMILLATUM (La Guayra), C, cIRCUMVOLUTUM 
(Aspinwall), C. suBFLAVUM (Cape York, Australia), C. suc- 
CINEUM (Cape York, Australia), all of de Folin. 

C. CORRUGATULUM,C. REVERSUM, and C. TERES,Carpenter. Mazatlan. 


C. SUBQUADRATUM, Carp. Port Elizabeth. 
C. BIMARGINATUM, Carp. Singapore. 
C. ArmoricuM, Folin. ° Gulf of Gascony. 


C.1ncompra, Monteérosato (C. glabrum, Brusina). Mediterranean. 


Eps 


CCUM. ay ( 


Section II. Annulata. 


C. SUBIMPRESSUM, Carp. PI. 66, fig. 61. 


Rather solid, the annulations rounded, with subimpressed 
interstices, septum mucronate, mucro small, obtuse, dorsal; 
operculum concave. Length, *115 inches. 

- Mazatlan to Cape St. Lucas, L. C. 


C. FLorIpANuM, Stimpson. PI. 66, fig. 62. 


Arcuate, solid, white, shining, with about 32 acute, elevated 
annulations and much wider interstices, aperture a little oblique, 


not contracted, septum obtusely mucronate, mucro dorsal. 
florida. 
C. PULCHELLUM, Stimpson. PI. 66, fig. 63. 

Somewhat solid, light brownish, adolescent stage graceful, 
with distant few annulations, adult with about 25 rounded annu- 
lations and more or less equal interstices, septum mamillate ; 
operculum concave, with about 8 whorls. Length, ‘1 inch. 

New Bedford, Mass. 
C. rinmatum, C. B. Ad. PI. 67, fig. 66. 

Stout, young shell smooth, adult with 23-33 annulations, the 
earlier ones more acute, then becoming subquadrate, interstices 
also subquadrate, narrow, septum subangulate, the projection 
short. Length, -‘l inch. 

Panama, Mazatlan, Todas Santos Bay, L. C. 

With this are to be united, according to Carpenter, C. ebur- 
neum, C. diminutum (jun.), C. pygmxeum and C. monstrosum 
(both adolescent), of C. B. Adams. 


C. qUADRATUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 67. 

Short, solid, with 12-20 quadrate annulations, and deep quad- 
rate interstices, aperture subcontracted, septum mucronate, the 
mucro small, narrow, subdextral. Length, :072 inch. Muzatlan. 


Var. compactum, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 68. 
Annulations large, planate, interstices small or evanescent. 


C. ELEGANTISSIMUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 69. 

Diaphanous, vitreous, shining, white, aperture slightly con- 
tracted and oblique, young shell smooth, adolescent and adult 
with 14 to 18 distant acute ‘lire, the interstices very elegantly 
arcuate ; septum submucronate and subungulate, the small apex 
obtuse. Length, 1 inch. Teneriffe. 


218 CCUM. 


Var. SEARLES-Woop1t, Carp. 


Rings closer (about 24 in the young shell), scarcely sharp and 
often obsolete, growth scarcely tapering, very slender, septum 
ungulate, turned somewhat to the right. 


C. unDATUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 70. 


Short, obese, young sliell smooth, adult with 10-15 acute 
annulations and undulating concave interstices, contracted at 
each extremity, septum ungulate, with prominent, acute, elon- 
gate apex; operculum concave, with about 15 whorls. 

Panama to Mazatlan. 

The adolescent stage is C. parvum, C. B. Ad. Folin has 
described Vars. contraria and cornea. 


C. RyssoTITUM, Folin. Pl. 66, fig. 64. 


White, very shining, transversely obsoletely annulated, be- 
coming more distinct on the concave side near the aperture, 
aperture oblique, much contracted above, septum submamillate, 
submucronate. Operculum? Length, ‘09 inch. 

West Indies, Venezuela, Brazil. 


C. pARAVOXUM, Folin. PI. 67, fig. 78. 


Shell arcuate, subtranslucent, yellowish white, grayish or 
corneous, smooth, with three prominent distant rounded annu- 


lations near the apex, and wider interspaces, septum large, with 


bead-like projection. Length, :066 inch. 
Pearl Islands, Panama. 


C. SUBANNULATUM, de Folin. PI. 67, fig. 72. 


Hyaline, slightly arcuated, very finely numerously annulated, 
the septum convex, hardly projecting, aperture encircled by a 
prominent rib. Length, ‘066 inch. 

Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. 


C. CREBRICINCTUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 71. 


Rather large, solid, reddish brown, with darker longitudinal 
rays, often obsolete, with about 80 close, rounded, low annula- 
tions, without interstices; septum subungulate, submucronate. 


Length, *14 inch. 
Monterey, San Diego and Sta. Barbara, Cal. 


See Sed, 


i 
| 
| 
{ 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


Sa 


CCUM. 919 


C. Cauirornicum, Dall. PI. 66, fig. 65. 


Small, rather narrow, whitish or brownish, with 34-38, close 
acute annulations, and subconcave interstices, septum subungu- 
late, apex obtuse, not elevated. Length, -09 inch. 

San Diego and Catalina Isl., California. 

This is C. Cooperi of Carpenter, not Sanderson Smith. 


C. rracHea, Montagu. PI. 67, fig. 77. 

Solid, brownish corneous, young shell smooth, adult with 
~ 40-50 close annulations, the interstices small, very minutely 
longitudinally striulate, septum subangulate, submucronate, 
apex somewhat to the right, obtuse, more or less elevated; 
operculum scarcely concave, with spiral elevated lines and about 
15 whorls. Length, 128 inch. England to Mediterranean Sea. 

It is Dentalium imperforatum, Mont.; Creseis rugulosa, Can- 
traine; Brochus trachiformis, and striatus, Brown; Cornuoides 
major, Brown; Odontidium rugulosum, Phil. (in part); C. obsole- 
tum, Carp. (unfigured), is described as a variety. 


C. MaGnuM, Stearns. PI. 67, fig. 83. 

Very finely, closely annularly striate, septum with sharp narrow 
ungulate apex, yellowish brown. Length, ‘2 inch. 

San Diego, Cal. 

On the label of this specimen it is said to = C@. glabriformis, 
Carp. The latter is described as a much smaller species, one- 
third the length of the present, smooth, with hemispherical 
mucro. ~~ 
Undetermined Species, 
including those of which the figures are inaccessible to me. 


C. ELONGATUM, C. CLATHRATUM, Carpenter. Mazatlan. 
C. GRACILE, Carp. Japan. 
C. REGULARE, Carp. West Indies, Singapore. 
C. GuRGULIO, Carp. West Indies. 
C. GRACILE, Gould (name used by Carpenter). China Sea. 


C.microcycLos and ©. aTTENUATUM (Cape York, Australia); 
C. rorquATUM and C. LINEIcINCTUM ( West Indies); C. ELEGANS 
and Vars. RUBELLA and FLEXUOSA, C. SUPERBUM, C. OCCULTUM, 
C. STRANGULATUM and Var. acuTa, C. VENUSTUM, C. ERUCA- 
TuM, C. THZNIATUM, C. AGonrIATUM, C. BIPARTITUM, C. IMPAR- 
TITUM and Var. BICOLOR, C. SEMICINCTUM and Var. SUBACUTA, 
and C. EXILE ( Tongatabou), all of de Folin. 


220 CCUM. 


Section III. Costulata, 
C. ctAva, de Folin. PI. 67, fig. 86. 


Shining, with subacutely rounded longitudinal costulations, 
becoming stronger towards the aperture, and evanescent annular 
Strize, inflated towards the aperture, aperture contracted, nar- 
rowly margined, septum mucronate, prominent, apex obtuse. 

Length, -08 inch. 

Guadeloupe, W. I. 
C. BREVE, de Folin. PI. 67, fig. 88. 

Very short, cylindrical, slightly bent, subpellucid, white, with 
fine longitudinal lirze, and equal interspaces and a few annular 
striz towards the aperture, aperture encircled by a tumid rib, 
not contracted; septum mamillate, subungulate, with dextral 
apex. Length, ‘05 inch. 

Jamaica. 


Undetermined Species. 


C. SUBSPIRALE, ABNORMALE, INSCULPTUM, OBTUSUM, Carpenter. 
Mazatlan. 
C. pLicatuM, Carpenter, W. Indies. 
C. POLLICARE, Carpenter. Teneriffe. 
C. LAQUEATUM, C. B. Ad. Panama. 
C. SEMITRACHEA, Brusina. Mediterranean. 


C. cRySTALLINUM (Honolulu), C. srrratuM, C. MIRABILE, Folin. 


Section IV. Quadrilata. 


C. ANNULATUM, Brown. PI. 67, fig. 76. 


Elongated, solid, with 20-30 rounded annulations, larger and 
more distant towards the mouth, and rather close longitudinal 
lire, septum with a dextral finger-like mucro. Young shell with 
more acute annulations, the longitudinal sculpture obsolete. 

Length, *122 inch. 

Europe, West Indies, Aden. 

The more characteristic name of reficulatum was given to the 
adolescent form by Brown. It is Orthocera trachea of Fleming. 


C. INSIGNE, Folin. Pl. 67, fig. 87. 


Elongated, subdiaphanous, shining, brownish, with wide flatly 
rounded annulations and narrow interstices, longitudinally striate 


CACUM. 221 


over the annulations; aperture oblique, margined by a rib; 
septum mucronate, mucro dextral, sharp pointed. 

Length, 125 inch. 

Jamaica. 
C. coronaTuM,.Folin. PI. 67, fig. 80. 

Yellowish gray, with wide, flatly rounded annulations and 
minute interstices, decussated by prominent, distant rounded 
longitudinal costz, with rather wide interstices, aperture bordered 
by a tubercular rib; septum mucronate, mucro dextral, sharp 
pointed. Length, ‘08 inch. 

Jamaica. 
C. IRREGULARE, Folin. PI. 67, fig. 82. 

Yellowish or grayish, with wide flattened annulations, becom- 
ing higher and more convex towards the aperture, interstices 
narrow, and longitudinally striate ; septum mucronate, the mucro 
dextral, finger-like. Length, 16 inch. 


Bahia, Brazil. 
C. puoronium, Folin. Pl. 67, fig. 79. 


Shell well-curved, with numerous rounded annulations, and 
narrow interstices, decussated by longitudinal distant narrow 
sulci; mucro spinose. Length, °13 inch. 

Haiti. 
C. Coopert, Smith. PI. 67, figs. 84, 85. 

Shell with about 24, somewhat rounded longitudinal ribs, 
crossed by numerous annulations, which are less marked towards 
the middle, white ; septum mucronate, with the apex inclining to 
the left, when looking at the back of the shell; operculum con- 
eave. Length,+13 inch. ; 
New England, Long Island Sound. 

Because of C. Cooperi, Carpenter, Dr. Cooper changed the 
name of this species to C. Smithii and Prof. Verrill to C. costa- 
tum, but as Smith’s species was published before Carpenter’s, 
both these names fall into the synonymy. It isa pity that such 
a little shell should be burthened with such a large synonymy— 
and for which there is no excuse. The desire to rush into print 
is so overmastering that no one is deterred by such a slight 
obstacle as being unable to refer to the literature of his subject. 
The figure given by Verrill represents the adolescent stage of 
sculpture, with less numerous ribs (fig. 85). 


bo 
bho 
bho 


CECUM. 


Undetermined Species. 
C. LIRATOCINCTUM and C. HEPTAGONUM, Carp. Mazatlan. 


Of the latter species Folin has described vars. hexagonum and 
octogonum. 


C. IMBRICATUM, Carp. West Indies. 
C. InFIMUM (Aspinwall), C. MiniricuM, C. UNCINATUM, Folin. 


Section V. Armata. 


C. spinosuM, Folin. (Description and figure inaccessible to me). 


Undetermined Species of Cxcum. 


I am unable to refer the following species to their appropriate 
sections :— 


C. TRIORNATUM, OC. ABBREVIATUM, C. INSTRUCTUM, C. CONTRACTUM, 
C. vestituM, of de Folin. 
C. FASCIATUM, and var. INTAMINATA, de Folin. Mediterranean. 


C. Syrracum, de Folin. Tripoli, in Syria. 
C. VITREUM, and var. SUBORNATA, C. INCLINATUM, C. MARGINATUM, 
de Folin. Cape Verde Is. 


C. vicinum, C. crAssuM, C. SENEGAMBIANUM, Folin. W. Africa. 
C. FORMULOSUM, and vars. DECUSSATUM, MARMORATUM and SsUL- 


cATuM, de Folin. Bahamas. 

C. SEPIMENTUM, de Folin. Sandwich Is. 

C. SEPIMENTUM, var. ARCUATUM, de Folin. Tahiti. 
C. INFLATUM, C. VARIEGATUM, and var. MINIMA, de Folin. 

Hong Kong. 

C. CHINENSE, de Folin. China, Australia. 


Subgenus Meioceras, Carpenter, 1858. 


C. n1TIDUM, Stimpson. PI. 67, fig. 73. 

Shell smooth, shining, whitish or light brown, inflated in the 
middle, contracted towards the aperture, aperture oblique, sep- 
tum submucronate, the mucro convexly rounded; operculum 
concave, 5-whorled. Length, 088 mill. 

Florida, West Indies. 

Carpenter describes a species under the name of nitidum, 
Bean MS., which appears to be identical. 


CECUM. 223 


C. conNucoPIa, Carpenter. PI. 67, fig. 75. 
Like the preceding, but smaller and less inflated, being sub- 
cylindrical; mucro very acute. Length, °064—09 inch. 
West Indies, in sponge of commerce. 
C. cORNUBOVIS, Carpenter. PI. 67, fig. 74. 
Shell like the preceding, but the septum subangulate, with 
narrow, submucronate apex; operculum about 12-whorled, with 


an exterior strong spiral lamina. Length, -067—-082 inch. 
West Indies. 


Unfigured Species. 
C. SUBINFLEXUM (Bahamas), C. Fiscuert and C. IMiktis (Vera 
Cruz and Carmen), C. cuBITaATuM, C. TENERUM, C. Coxt, 
C. unDULOsUM, C. CrosseI, C. DEsHayeEst1, C. MoreELett, C. 


BITUMIDUM, C. CARPENTERI and C. TUMIDISSIMUM, all of de 
Folin. 


Subgenus SrrREBLOCERAS, Carpenter, 1858. 


C. SUBANNULATUM, de Folin. Honolulu. 
This is the only recent species of the group, and it is unfigured. 


Subgenus Watsont4, de Folin, 1879. 


C. ELEGANS, de Folin. Cape York, Australia. 
The only species, and unfigured. 


Subgenus ParasrropHtia, de Folin, 1869. 


C. Foxint, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. Pl. 67, fig. 81. 


Shell elongated, rather narrow, thin, subopaque, white; 
nucleus smooth, oblique, afterwards finely annulated, the annu- 
lations microscopically decussated. Length, -085 inch. 

Mediterranean. 

Spirolidium Mediterraneum, Costa, is identified with this 

species by Monterosato. 


Undetermined Species. 


C. AsSTURIANA, de Folin. Atlantic Coast of Spain. 
C. CHALLENGERI, de Folin. Cape York, Australia. 


INDEX AWN Desay NON Gaya 


XENOPHORIDA, VERMETID%, TURRITELLID2, CACIDA. 


PAGE, 

Abbreviatum (Czcum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 222 
Abnormale (Cecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, P. 316; 

Zool. Proc., 420, 1858, : 220 


Accisa (Turritella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe nd 220, 1880, 208 
Achirona (Brochina), de Folin. Jour. de Conch., p. 57,1867, 216 
Acicula (Mesalia), Stimp. Shells of N. Eng, p. 35, t. 1, f. 


5, 1851; Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 118, : - 207 
Aculeata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Moreh. Zool. Proe., 

p- 162, 1861, 184 
Acuta (‘Turritella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. ‘Roy. Soe. Tas- 

mania, p. 143, 1875, . : 5 : . 206 | 
Acuta (Cxeum ’strangulatum, var. i de Bahn, Les Méléa- | 

grin., p. 44. 1867, : : : -_ og | 
Acutangula (Turritella), Desh. Anim. S. Vert., ix, p. 259: 

= T. “attenuata, Rve. ; ; : : 5 . 207 
Acutangula (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. X, 766. 

== 'P. “duplicata, Linn. A ; : : 2 : - 20% 
Adamsii (Siphonium?) Morch. Gray, Figs. of Moll., t | 

sek a Be : : 5 : : : . 185 
Adansonii (Vermetus), Daudin. Recueil, p. 35, 1800, . 169 
Admirabilis (Turritella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., p. 227, 

1880, . : ; : : : : . 208 
Aqualis (Turritella), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., v 

po208; 1826," 6". 3 } ; FS NY ; . 208 
A frum (Siphonium), Gm. Syst. Nat., p 3745, No. 23, . 183 
Agathirses, Montf. none: Syst., i, 398, 1808. 

‘ . 169, 189 

Agglomerata (Tislacades colubrina, var. _ Morch. “Zool. 

‘Proc, p. 72, 1862, : . 180 
Agelutinans (‘Trochus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 14. 

= Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born. . . 161 : 
Agoniatum (Czcum),de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 42, ‘1867, 219 
Alba (Turritella), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p.9,1872, _ . . 208 
Albina (Vermetus subcancellatus, var.), Monts. Il. Nat. 

Sicil., iv, p. 61, - : 5 . : : - - - 1 

(224) 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 295 


PAGE. 
Albidus (Vermetus), Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 307, 1857, wy LES 
Albina (Thylacodes colubrina, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc., 


p. 72, 1862, 5 180 
Aletes (Thylacodes poly phragma, var.), “Mirch. Zool. Proe, 
Ee GGalS6o, «a: a ATS 


_ Aletes (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc. , 63, 1862 au yas) 
Aletes (Bivonia triquetra, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc. , P. 55, 


1862, . ° . STG 
Aletes, Carp. Mazat. Cat. E p- 301, 1857. 

= 8. G. of Vermetus, Adanson, : . 165, 174 
Alternata (Turritella), Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

li, p. 243. = Terebra,  . ; é - 209 
Ammonitiformis (Spiroglyphus), De Serres. Ann. Sc. Nat., 

iV; 1855,240,, 9s : : a Lt 
Ammonitiformis (Stoa), M de Serres. Ann. des Sei. he 

. 242. = Siphonium lituella, Morch, . : : . 183 
Ampla (Thylacodes Ee ne eee var.), Moreh. Zool. 

IE TOGs,.Ds Oily L802, 5 - 249 
Ampliata (Bivonia triquetra, var. f Mirch. " Zool. Proc. Dp. 

56, 1862, . 176 
Ampliata (Vermiculus ‘lumbricalis, var.), “Moreh. Zool. 

Procp.ti2, L86h, - : : . 186 
Anaulax (Siphonium ‘nebulosum ,var.), Méreh, Zool. Proe., 

p- 163, 1861, , . : . 184 
Anellum, Carp. Mazat. Cat., 319, 1857 ; Zool. Proc., 423, 

1858, . : : ; 5 : . 214 


Anellum (Vermetus), } Mirch. Proc, Zool. Soc.,p.359,  . 173 
Anguilla (Tenagodus), Moérch. Proce. Zool. Soe., 1860 a 0 
410, : : : eek 
Anguina (Siliquaria), Blainv. Man. it. 1s f 1 
= Tenagodus Cumingii, Morch. 
Anguina (Siliquaria), Sowb. Genera. 


= Tenagodus obtusus, Schum. . ; ‘ : : . 189 
Anguinus as arta "Linn. Mus. Lud. Gir sO No: 
EY ey Gye ; ; ; : . : . 190 
Angulatus (Vermetus), “‘Rouss. Chenu. Illus. Conch., t. 5, 
fo SV centiquadrus, Valence. . : : : a aie) 
Anvculifera Se ae Monts. Enum. e Sin., p. 29; III. 
Nat. Sicil., iv, 61, A : ; : : eles 
Annularium (Vv ermetus), Vaillant. Nouv. Arch. du Mus., 
190, 1871. —S. annulatus, Daudin, 2 : 178 
Annulata (Turritella), Kien. Icon, Coq. Viv., p. 20, t. 13, 
ee i. . 203, 214, 217 
Annulatus 's (Brochns), Brown. Recent. Conch. Great Brit., 
827, : ; : ° . . 5 : . - 220 


15 


226 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 
J 
PAGE, 


Annulatus (Thylacodes oryzata var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., 

p. 78, 1862, Panama, 2 . E é A ‘ 18s 
Annulatus (Serpulus), Lam. Hist., v, p. 364, No. 10, 1818. 

= Spiroglyphus glomeratus, Daudin, var. tubulosa, Moreh, 178 
Annulatus (Spiroglyphus), Daudin. Recueil de Mem., p. 50, 


1800, E : : : : : . 178 
Annulus (Ver metus), Rousseau. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 1, 

f. 8, 3 3 : : ; . 183 
Anticalyptrea, Quenstedt, 1884. = Autodetus, Lindst., . 158 
Antillarum (Caecum pcs a, var.), Carp. Zool. Proc., 

433, 1858, . : 3 : : . 215 


Antiquarius (Trochus), “Meusch. "Gev., p. 453, 1787. 

= Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born. 
Aquila (Turritella), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, . . 202 
Arborea (Lemintina selecta, var.), Monts. Il. Nat. Sicil. iv, 63, 183 
Archimedis (Turritella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., ii, 871, 


= Terebra, Linn. - = 3 : 5 ~ 195 
Arcotia, Stoliczka, : : . 194 
Arcu atum (Cxecum sepimentum, var.), de Folin. Les Fonds 

de la Mer, i, p. 84, Tahiti, . : . 222 
Arcuatus (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit., 

1827. =C.glabrum, Mont. . é : : : . 215 
Arenaria (Septaria), Lam., vi, p. 32. 

= Thylacodes poly phragma, Sassi, . ; ; . Lig 
Arenarius (Vermetus), Daudin, p. 35, 1800. 

== Thylacodes Masier, Desh. . : : . 180 
Arenarius (Vermetus), “ Lamck.” Quoy, Voy. de l’Astr., © 

p. 289, pl. 67, f. 8-10. = Cladopoda grandis, Gray, - 182 
Areolata (Turritella), Stimpson. Shells N. Eng., 35, 1851. 

= Turbinella, . : . : : : . 208 
Armoricum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p. 

148, t. 23, f. 4,5, 1869. = Brochina incompta, Mont. . 216 
Asper ella (Ver metus renisectus, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc., } 

p. 347, 1861, : « Li 
Asperula (Vermetus renisectus, var.), ] Mérch. Zool. Proc., 

p. 347, 1861, : ie 
Asturiana (Parastrophia), de Folin. Fonds de Ta Mer, p. 

DES to gordeok, - 223 
Attenuata (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon. sp. re 1849. 

— T. duplicata, Linn., var. . 207 
Attenuatum (Czecum), de Folin. “Zool. Proc. B08 309, 1879, 219- 
Atra (Vermetus), Rousseau. Chenu, Ill.,t.5,f 5, . . LSe 


Aureocincta (Turritella), Martens. Sitz., Berlin, p 107, 1882, 208 


Auriculatum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la nica : . 216 
Australis (Xenophora), Souv. Journ. de Conch., xviii, 423, 
1870, . : : : : : : ‘ - : . 160 


. 


PAP Te FO 


Bivonia, Gray. Pick: “hoo. Soc., 1847, p. 156 (not 1842). 
= Spiroglyphus, Daudin. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 227 

PAGE. 

Australis (Siliquaria), Quoy. Voy. Astrolabe, : a k89 
Austrina (Turritella), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., p. 224, 

1880, . : 208 
Australis (Turritella), Lam. "Anim. s. vert., ix, 258, 207 
Autodetus, Lindstriém, 1884, - 158 
Bacillum (¢Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 5, t. 4, f. 1, 196 
Badia (Vermetus varians, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 340, 

£361, °. 170 
Radia (Thylacodes decussatus, var. w.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p- 76, 1862, a ASS 
Balani- Paneer March. "Proc. Zool. Soe. ,p- "359, 1861, 175 
Banksii (Turritella), Gray. MSS. Brit. Mus. Reeve, Conch. 

Icon., sp. 15, 1849. = T. goniostoma, Val. aus 
Bernardii (Tenagodus), Mirch. Journ. ‘de Conch., 1360, p- 

368, . 190 
Biangulata (Turritella), De Blainv. =. bicingulata, Lam. 202 
Biangularis (Vermetus maximus birass Morch. Zool. Proc., 

168, 1861, . 184 
Bicarinata (Vermiculus: spiratus, var. ye Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p. 174, 1861, ; 187 
Bicarinatus (Vermetts), Sowb. Man., my Ae 

= Siphonium nebulosum, Dillw. . 184 
Bicarinatus (Vermetus), Desh. Anim. s. vert. ap een it 1843, 

_ = V. lumbricalis, Linn. 
Bicingulata (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. vert., ix, 256,  . 202 
Bicolor (Cecum impartitum, var.), de Folin. Les Méléa- 

grin., p. 41, 1867, : : : - . 219 
Bicolor (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 47, 

= T. fascialis, Menke, 1848, : 197 
Bifunicularis (Siponium subcrenatum, var. ‘ Mirch. Zool. 

Proc., p. 158, 1861, 185 
Bimamillatum (Cxeum), de Folin. Fonds de la"Mer, t. 8, 

f.6,7; Jour. Linn. Soc., x, 261. Laguayra, . : . 216 
Bimarginatum (Czecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 431, 1858, . 216 
Bipartitum (Czcum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, pas) 
Bispinosum (Stephopoma), Moérch. Mal. Blatt., p. 78, No. 

72,1860. =S. pennatum, Morch, . . 185 
Bisuturalis (Turritella), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

ii, 256. = Odostomia, 209 
Bitumidum (/ (Meioceras), ‘de Folin. Ann: Soc. Linn. Maine 

et Loire, xi, 1869, : . 223 
Bivonia, Gray. Syn. ee Mus., 62, 90, 1842 ; Mrs. Gray’s 

Figs. Moll. Anim., , 1850, : . 164, 166, 176 


228 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Brasiliensis (Vermetus), Rousseau. Chenu, Illust. Conch., 

His ye, Dy, eae F : : : : : - 180 
Breve (Cxecum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 53, 1867, . 220 
Brevialis (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. vert., ix, p. 256, . 209 
Bridgesii (Vermetus centiquadrus var.), Morch. Zool. Proe., 

p. 363, 1861, : ; : : : éf : : 2 te 
Brochina, Gray. Guide Moll, p. 101, 1857. 

= — Cxcum, Flem. . 213, 215 
Brochus, Brown. Recent Conch. ‘Great Britain, i is 1827. 

= — COxeeum, Fleming, . 213 
Broderipiana (Turritella), d’ Orb. Voy. ‘Amer. Merid. 1p 388. 

= T. goniostoma, Val. : . 13s 
Burtinella, Moreh. Zool. Proc., 147, 1861, : : « Ge 
Cecalium, Macgillivray.” —Cecum, Fleming, . B . 213 


Cecum, Fleming. Encycl. Hdinb., t. 7, p. 67,1817, . 213, 215 
Calculifera (Phorus), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 162, 1842, . 159 
Californica (Turritella), Brod. Orb., Voy. Amer., 388. 


= T. goniostoma, Val. . . 19s 
Californicum (Caecum), Dall. Proc. U. 8. Nat. “Mas., viii, 
o415) 2 : - 2g 


Campulotus, Guett. Mem. iii, p- 4, 1774. 
= Vermetus, Adanson. 
Canaliculata (Turritella), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, 


p. 49, 1848. = T. vitulata, Ad. and Reeve, .. - 204 
Candida (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 38, 1349, . 204 
Candidissima (Vermetus varians, d’Orb var. ), Moreh. "Zool. 

Proc., 340, 1861, : . 170 
Capensis (‘Turritella), Krauss. Siidafrik. Moll. 35 p. 106, t. 

acs ae) 
Caperata (Xenophora), Phil. (not Petit). Zeits. fiir Malak., 

1P851,. = - Log 
Caperata (X#hophor a), Petit (not Phil. ). Journ. de Conch., 

v, 249, pl. x, f. 3-5, 1856. = +X. Senegalensis, Fischer, . Vor 
Caribzea (Xenophora), Petit. Journ. de Conch., v, 248, pl. 

flees, Ono. es . 162 
Caribrea (tesalia), @Orb. Cuba., lly No. 190, t. 10, f. 91. 

= T. varia, Kiener, var. . . 209 
Carinata (Siphonium subgranosum, var. ) Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p- 165, 1861, : . 184 
Carinatus (Vermetus), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. de VAstr., p. 

998 5t. Ol leds AO, | 5 -) ee 


Carinifera (‘Turritella), Thera Anim. BS: “Vert., ix, p- 258, . 206 
Cariniferum (Siphonium), Gray. Dieff. New Zeal., p. 242, 
T6492 ra ab cea Seal gt ene 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Carlotte (Turritella), Watson. Linn. Soc. Journ., xv, p. 

222, 1880, : ; 208 
Carmenense (Czecum), de Folin. "Fonds de la Mer, . 216 
Carpenteri (Vermetus varians, var. ee Morch. Zool. Proc., 

339, 1851, : 170 
Carpenteri (Vermetus Adansonii, var.), “Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

337, 1861, 4 : ; ene 
Carpenteri (Meioceras), "de Folin. Aun. Soe. Linn., Maine 

et Loire, 1869, : . 223 
Castanea (Vermiculus pellucidus, var. : Mérch. Zool. Proe. 7 

Pav io, L86t : . 188 
Cavelieri (Xenophora), “Rochbr. Bull. Soe. Philom., 178, 

1883, . 3 : : F : Sle 
Cellularia, Schmidt. Moll. Cat. Mus. Gotha, p. 70, 1833. 

et iby lacodes, Guett. 

Centiquadrus (Aletes), var. imbricatus. Carp. Cat., p. 302. 

= Siphonium megamastum, var. centiquadra, Moreh, . 173 
Centiquadrus Creriietas); Vala Viove Wenuss toh rt a, 

Jour. de Conch., 2, v, 37, . . 174 
Cerea eg aa Rve. Conch. Icon. (Phorus), fig. 9, 

1843, ; . 160 
Cerea (Turritella), “Rye. Conch. Icon., , Sp. 25, 1849. 

= JT. bacillum, Kiener, . . GUS 
Cereus (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proe. Zool. Soe., Dp. 316, ayia 

1856, . : ; : : ; : = LT2 
Cerithium (Turritella), Quoy. Voy. de l’Astr., t. 55, f. 27, 

28. = Cerithium, : : : . 209 
Challengeri (Parastrophia), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 806, 

1879, : : ; . 223 
Chiereghiniana (Brochina), Brusina. Journ. de ae Dp. 

248, 1869. = B. auriculatum, de Folin, so aLG 
Chinense (Cxecum), de Folin. Les Fonds de la Mer, is ps 

80, t. 9, f. 3, 4, : . 222 
Cinerea (Vermiculus spiratus, val. , Mirch. * Zool. Proc. Pp: 

164, 1861. = V. spiratus, var. radicula, : Be its 
Cingulata (Turritella), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 13, 200 
Cingulifera (Turritella), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 14, 198 
Cinnamomina (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Mirch. Zool. 

LOC., DoLit, 186); : - 188 
Cireumvolutum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8. 

f. 3; Jour. Linn. Soc., x, 262, . : . 216 
Cladopoda, Gray. Fig. of Moll. , p- 83, 1850. 

ane. Ol. L hylacodes, Guett. . : . 166 
Clarkii (Czecum), Carp. Zool. Proe., p. 432 , 1858. 

=O. -vitreum,,Carp:, var: . oe 
Clathrata (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv. iD: 38, t. VA f. 1, 206 


230 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Clathratula (Turritella), Wood. Crag Moll., 1848. 
= T. erosa, Couth. 
Clathratum (Cxcum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 322; Zool. 
Proc., 428, 1858, : : : . : : 
Clava (Cecum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 5A, 1867, 
Clisospira, Billings. Paleoz. Fossils, 1865, 
Cochlea (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon. , Sp. 29, 1849. 
= T. exoleta, Linn. . : 
Cochlezformis (Mathilda), Brugnone. Mise. Mulac., p. 5, 


f 1 Assy 

Cochlidium (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc. \p. 314, 
f, 2,-1856, °. 

Colubrina (Serpula), Bolten. Verz. Raph 50, No. 884, 1798. 
— Vermetus atra, Rouss. . 

Columnaris (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv. iD: 10, t. 1, = 1 

Communis (Turritella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., 
LOG;S se 

Compacta (Bivonia), Carp. ‘Ann. and Mag. ‘Nat. ‘Hist, xiv, 
p- 427, 1864, : 

Compactum (Czeeum quadratum, - var. are arp. Zool. Proc., 
p. 428, 1858, x 

Complanatum (Cxeeum), ‘de Folin. Les Méléagrin. p. 4] 1867, 

Concava (Turritella),Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. sve: 
p- 207, 1826, 


Concava (Turritella), Martens. Mobius Mauritius, p. 283, 
1880, 5 3 ‘ : : 

Conchy liophorus (Trochus), Born. Index Mus. Ces, 333, 

Congelata (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, D. 
AT 1848, 03 3 

Conicus (Vermetus), Dillwyn, i p. 1078, 1815, : 

Conifer (var. of Siliquaria ‘Cumingit), Moreh, Zool. Proe., 
404, 1860, . 

Constricta (Turritella), Rve. Conch. ‘Icon., pl. x sp. 16, 
1849, 

Constrictor (Bivonia), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 63, 1869, 

Contortula (Vermetus contortus, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proe., 
p- 345, 1861, : 

Contortuplicatus (Vermetus), var. b. ‘Scacchi, Cat. p. 18. 
= Dofania gregaria, Monts. . 

Contortus (Vermetus), Carp. Mazat. Cat. 305, No. 355, 


PAGE. 


1857, : . 171-173 


Contractum (Cxcum), de Folin. ‘Fonds de la Mer, 

Contraria (Czecum undatum, var.), de Folin. Fonds de la 
Mer, viii, 1869, 

Contrarius ’ (Spirogly phus), Moreh, Zool. Proc., "329, 1861. 
= §. spiruliformis, de Serres. 


. 218 


¢ ADAP © 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Cooperi (Turritella), Carp. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 216, 
Cooperi (Ccum), Smith. Ann. N. Y. Lyceum, vii, p. 154, 


P862\-ix, 393,63," : : : . 221 
Cooperi (Cxcum), Carp. (not Smith, 1862 ), Supp. Brit. Assoc. 

Rep., p. 655, 1864; Proc. Cal. Acad., iii, 216, 1866. 

(te Californicum, Dall, « Be) 
Coralliophila (Bivonia ae var. ) Mirch. Zool. Proc. 5 p. 

60,1862, . ; fg 
Corallophora Gisere Bolt. Cat. p. 56. 

= Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born. 

Cordismei (Turritella), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., p. 224, 

1880, - . 208 
Cornea (Vermiculus lumbrie: alis, var.), March. Zool. Proc. 4 

Polite. 186, : 186 
Cornea (Turritella), Lam. Kiener, Iconog. t 13, if 3, 

= T. communis, Risso. . - : : ADT 
Cornea (Cxecum undatum, var. ),de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 

41, 1867, : : ; . 218 
Corneum (Cxcum), Dkr. Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., ii, p. 244, 216 
Corniculina, Munster, Beitr., Geogn. Tirols, 118,119, 1841. 

= — Cecum, Fleming, : 2 : : : . 213 
Cornubovis (Meioceras), Carp. Zool. Proc. p: 439, 1858... 223 
Cornucopie (Meioceras), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 439, 1858, 223 
Cornuoides, Brown. Recent. Conch. Great Brit., 1827. 

— — Creum, Fleming, . 213 
Coronata, Monts. Poche Note Conch. Medit., 12, 1875, 211 
Coronatum (Czecum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch. ss De 50, 

1867, : . 221 
Corrodens (Vermetus contortus, var.), Mireh. Zool. Proc. : 

p. 346, 1861, : a UGE 
Corrodens (Spiroglyphus), ¢ @Orb. Cuba, p. 935, t. 18, f. ie 3. 

= §. annulatus, Daudin, var. . obs 
Corrugatus (Phorus), Pine: Proce. Zool. Soc.. 163, 1842 159 
Corrugulatum (Cxecum), C arp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 327: 

Zool. Proc., 433, 1858, - ; - F , . 216 
Coste (Tenagodus), Cantr. Bull. Acad. Brux., Sik p: 3. 

= Siliquaria anguina, Linn.  . . 189 
Coste (Siliquaria), Cantr. Bull. Acad. Brux., “91, 1836; 

Moreh. Zool. Proc., 413, 1860, 3 or ol 
Costale (Siphonium), Lam. Hist., VoD: 366, No. 23, ‘1818. 

— 8. subgranosum, Morch. . 184 
Costalis (Serpula), Lam. Chenu, “Tilus. Conch., t. 10, ‘f, 1], 178 
Costalis (Vermetus), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch. aa 3, i i 

= Vermiculus tortuosus, Solander, - ‘ ote et 
Costata (Turritella erosa, var.), Aurivillius. Vega Exped., 

p. 322, 1885. —T. reticulata, Migh. and Ad. 208 


939 ) INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 


Costata (Vermetus varians ier Moreh. Zool. Proe., 341, 
1861, . : ; : : : : - 170 
Costatum (Cxecum), Verrill. Am. Journ. Sci. , od Ser, ail) 
p. 283, t. 6, £. 6, 1872. = C. Cooperi, Smith, . . . 221 


Costulata (Turritella), Mighels and Adams. Bost. Journ. 
Nat. Hist. iv, 50, 1842. — T. reticulata, M.and A. 208-214 
Coxi (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn., Maine et 
Loire, xi, 1869, . 223 
Crassa (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 
p. 178, 1861 


Crassum (Cxecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . 222 
Crebricinctum (Czcum), Carp. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
iii, p. 215, . 218 


Crispa (Xenophora), Martens. Jahrb. der Deutsch. Mal. 
Ges., p. 238, pl. ix, f1,1876. = X. Senegalensis, Fischer, 161 
Crispa (Xenophora), Kinig. Bronn, Italiens Tertiiir- 


Gebilde, 62,1831,  . . ; : , . 160 
Cristata (Siphonium suberenatum, var.), Mérch. Zool. 

Proc. Pp. 205,001; : ; : : . 185 
Cristatus (Vermetus), Biondi. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia 

1859, p. 120,f 5. = V. glomeratus, Bivona, . 178 
Crocea (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv. op Pe 24a: aie f. 

2. = T.bacillum, Kiener, : . 196 
Crossei (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine et 

Loire, xi, 1869, : : : . 223 
Crustans (Spirogly phus elomeratus, var.), “Mirch. Zool. 

Proc, p. Sad, 186), . : . US 
Cryptobia, Deshayes. Jour. de Coneh., xi; 396, 1863, 169, 191 
Crystallina (Vermetus balani- tintinnabuli, var.), Mireh. 

Zool. Proc., p. 359, 1861, . A . : : 3 bes uli 
Crystallinum Sa de Folin. .Zool. Proe. p.- 82; 

1879, : : : 5 : : . 220 
Cubitatum (Meioceras), “de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 223 
Cuccina (Czcum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, : . SEG 
Cumingii (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 18, 1849, 

==" tigrina Kiener, ; : 5s : : Bees: 
Cumingii (Siliquaria), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1860, 

p. 403, : . 190 
Cuvieri (Lementina), Risso. Hist. Nat. Europe. Mer. se 

p. 114, t. 2, f. 16, 18, 1826, ; . 183 


Cylindrella (Tenagodus), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 410, 1860. 
Cylindrica (Czcum leve var.), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., 
DOs LBGTs Lok WW gs #2 CA nae 


Da Coste (Spirogly phus), Morch. rat od and Da Costa, 
Conch., xi, f. 15, : ; - ¢ . PSs 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 233 


Decipiens (Turritella), Monts. Enum. e Sinon., p. 29, - 205 
Declivis (Turritelia), Ad. and Reeve. te Samarang, p- 


48,1848, . : . 200 
Declivis (Turritella erosa, var. r.). Aurivillius. Vega Exped ; 
p. 324. = T. reticulata, Michels, var. . : : . 208 


Decurtata (Brochina), Monts. Il Nat. Sicil., iv, p. 23,1884, 216 
Decussata (Mesalia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 279, 1851, . 210 
Decussatum (Caecum formulosum, var.), de Folin. Fonds 


de la Mer, viii, p. 124, : ; : : 2 : . 222 
Decussatus (Vermetus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3745, No. 

vd Rs Fi : : : 2 : oS 
Decussatus (V ermetus), Lam. Anim. s. Vert, Vii pr cba: 

No. 7 (non Gmel.) = V. conicus, Dillwyn, var. gordialis. 
Deliciosa (Turritella), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soce., p. 226, 

1880, . : : ° 3 : oe ees . 208 


Dendropoma, March. Proc: Zool, Soc:, 1861, p. 153. 
= Sect. of Siphoninm 
Dentaliopsis, Clarke MS. ee Zool. Proc., 203, 1847. 


= Cecum, Fleming, ; ; ; . 213 
Dentifera (Vermetus), Quoy. Voy. de l’Astr. a 291, t 61, 

f. 27,28. = Thylacodes longifilis, Morch, : 182 
Dentifera (Spiroply phus annulatus, var.), "Mérch. ‘Zool. 

Proc., p-.col, 1861, ~. ; : : ; ls 
Dentiferus (Vermetus), Sowb. Gen.; 1 6 

= Siphonium nebulosum, Dillw. : : . 184 
Dentiferus (Thylacodes), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., v, 367, re) 
Deshayesi (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soe. Linn. Maine 

eu. Loire oa, 1869.0. . d ‘ : : . 223 


Dextroversum (Czecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 328, 215 
Diaphana (Vermiculus eg var), Morch. Zool. 


Brocn LrLkte6l. : : ; : : . 186 
Digitata (Xenophor aie Martens. "Sitz-Berich. Berlin, 135, 

1878, : : é salto 
Dilatata (Vermetus octosectus, van) Moreh, Zool. Proc., 

p- 351, 1861, ; ‘ ’ pee 
Diminutum (Cxcum), C. b. ‘Ad. “Pan. Shells, pp. 161, 316. 

— (. firmatum,,€:.B. Ad. ‘ : ‘ : e216 
Dimorphus (Vermiculus), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 176, 

1861, : : : = 187 
Discifer (Vv ermiculus pellucidus, var. yt Moreh. Zool. Proc., 

p. 180, 1861, : ; als 
Disculus (Spirogly phus Spiruliformis, var. } Moreh. ‘Zool. 

Proc., p. 329, 1861, .. : ; a AIG 


Dofania, Mirch. J. de G., 2d, iv, 34, 1860. 
= Thylacodes and Biv onia, in part, : : : . 166 


234 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 

Dunkeri (var. of Tenagodus beeen Blv.), Morch. Zool. 
Proc., 403, 1860, : : : : : : . 190 
Duplicata (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1239, . 207 
Dura (Turritella), Moreh. Mal. Blatt., vii, 78, . : . 209 


Ebenea (Vermetus renisectus, var.), Moreh. Zool. Proe., 
849, LRG, ©. eee Many Oo Neaatot ae 
Eburneum (Czxecum), C.B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 161, 311. 


— C. firmatum, C. B. Ad. 5 : 2 2 5 Qt 


Eburneus (Vermetus), Rve. Conch. Syst., ii, pl. 152, f. 2 

= Vermiculus pellucidus, Brod. and Sowb., var... . 188 
Echinata (Serpula), Gmel. Syst. Nat. 

= Siliquaria anguina, Linn. 
Effusus (Vermetus), Val. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 5, f. 4, 4 a. 


= V. centiquadrus, Val. . - ; ; » ETd des 
Eeglisia, Gray. Synops. Brit. Mus., 1840. = Scalariide. 
Electrina (Vermetus varians, d’ Orb., var.), Moreh. Zool. 

Proe., 340, 1861, : : ‘ : , : Pe yi) 


Elegans (Watsonia), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 808, 1879, . 223 
Elegans (Ciadopods), Quoy and Gaim. L.’c.p. 293, pl 


Gio f Wa1B 19334 a. : 2 , . 182 
Elegans (Cxcum), de Folin. Les Méléagrin, p. 45,1867, 219, 323 
Elegantissima (Mathilda), Costa. Microd. Medit.,  . . 210 


Elegantissimum (Czecum), Cpr. McAndrew’s Rep. Moll, 
N. EH. Atl. Brit. Assoc., p. 149, 1856; Zool. Proc., 429, 
1858, : : 4 ; ued 


Elegantula (Mathilda), Angas. Zool. Proc:,"p: 15, 18it, 328 
Elephantulum, Carp. Zool. Proe:, p 419, 1858, } 


== Cecum, Flem. 
Elongata Turritella variegata , var.), Reeve. Conch. Icon., 


sp. 19, 1849, : : d a) 
Elongatum (Cxecum), Car p- “Cat. Mazatlan “Shells, Pore leis 
Zool. Proe.. 424, 1858, : : ; : ; . 2g 


Encausticus (Tenagodus), } Mirch. Zool. Proc., 408, 1860, . 189 
Endoptygma, Gabb. Proc. Philad. Acad. for 1876, 302, 


1877, : ‘ , : ‘ ‘ oe 
Erosa (Turritella), Couth. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., ii, t 

Sol, ahs é ; ; 3 é : . 208 
Eruca (Vermetus® ; ‘Lamarck. Anim. sans vert., 2d edit., v, 

p. 634, : : : ; ; : é ~ Le 
Eruca (Ver metus), Lam. Anim. sans vert., ed. °s v,p 634. 

= Serpulorbis inopertus, Ruppel, . - . 182 


Erucatum (Cxecum), de Folin. Les Méleé: er in. an 49,1867, 219 
Eruciformis (Thylacodes), Mirch. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1862, 
Digai0.0 5 2 : ; : 5 F ‘ ; . 183 


ay 
= 
Pan 
iy) 
3 
| oe 
+ 
4 
as 
Fs 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 235 
PAGE, 
Erythreensis (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Mirch. 
Zool. Proc. p..329, 1861, . : Sart 
Erythrosclera (‘Thylacodes eruciformis, var. y Mirch. ‘Zool. 
Proe., p. 70, 1860, : . 183 
Eschrichtii (Turvitella), Mid. Malae. Rossica, in Xl, f. if 
== i erosa,.Couth:)\ 4 d . 208 
Eutrochus, Whitfield. 1882, : ‘ . 158 
Excavata (Turritella), Sowb. Zool. Proc. Dp. 252, 870. 
= TT. exoleta, Linn. . . 205 


Exile (Czcum), de Folin. Zool. Proe., p. 811, 1879, . : og 
Exoleta (Turritella), Linn. Ph: Nat., edit. x, No. 561 


Edit. xii, No. 644, —.. : . - 205 
Expansa (Bivonia triquetra, var. ), Mirch. "Zool. Eree: sp! 

56, 1862,° . = Li6 
Exserta (Bivonia), ‘Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Rak, P 39, 

1881, 2 . : - - aeett 
Exuta (Phorus), Rve. Proce. Zool. Soe., p. 162 1842 » 161 


Farcimen (Czecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 326, e215 
Fartulum, Carp. Mazat. Cat., 425, 1858. 
= Cecum, Fleming. 


Fascialis (Turritella), Menke. Synopsis, p. 83, 1828,. LO 
Fasciatum (Czecum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 66, t. 1, 

2, 3, : . 222 
Fascicularis (Bivonia triquetra, var. .r.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p- 56, 1862, J 2 ATG 
Fastigiata (Turritella), Ad. and Rve. | Voy. Samarang, p. 

48, "1848, ; ; . 204 
Favosa (Vermetus contortus, var. ), Mirch, “Zool. Proc. De 

845, 1861, . : 171 
Ferruginea (v ar of Tenagodus austr alis {Quoy ), Mé ireh. ‘Zool. 

Proe. S407 G0: | = Reentzii, Morch. : . 189 


Ferruginea (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 32, 1849, . o0'e 
Filaris (Vermetus vermicella, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

357,1861, . : ; : ‘ : a) at le 
Firmatum (Cxeum), C. B Ad. Pan. Shells, pp: 161, 311, . 917 
Fischeri (Meioceras), de Folin. Fonds de Mer, 18, 'f 32 4, 223 
Fissurata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.),Mérch. Zool. Proc., 

B. 163. 1861.) >: AY eee 
Flammulata (Turritella), Kien. Teon. Coq. Viv., Pilit. Oot. 1. 2OY 
Flavescens ee a Carp. Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 


at. £155 L850, 1 : - - é ta 
Flexuosa (Czcum elegans, var.), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., 

p. 45, 1867, : - ‘ : = 2g 
Floridanum (Cexecum), Stimp. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 

1851, 2 - : ° : , : : - Bee | 


236 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Flos-lactis (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Moreh. Zool. Proe., p. 
: ‘ : : ; Bae Fi 
Folini (Parastrophia), B. 1: a Moll. Mar. Roussillon, p. 


62, 1862, 


283, t. f. 5, 1884, 


Formulosum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, 


p. 124, 5 : : 
Fragilis (Turritella), Kiener. Iconog., 84, 6.18, fis: 
== T. cingulifera, Sowb. 


Freytagi (Mesalia), von Maltzan. Nachrichts. der Deutsch. 


Malak. Gesell., May, 1884, p. 68, 


Fulgurata (Bivonia Quoyi, var. i Mirch. Zool. Proe., p. 


61, 1862, 


Fulminata (Turritella), | Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll. N. Zeal., 


p. 29, 1873, 


Funiculata (Mathilda), Tiberi. Aradas and Benoit. Moll. 


Sicil., 313.. = M. elegantissima, Costa, ‘ 
Fuscata (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., ix, 255. 
— DP uneulina; Lan: 


Fuseata (Serpula), Humphr. Wood., Suppl, t. 8, f. 3, 1828. 


= Vermetus atra, Rouss, 


Fusco-cincta (Turritella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., p. 368, 


t. 11; f. 3, 1853. = T. cineulifera, Sowb. 


per ea ear Moreh. Proce. Zool. ou P- 163, 


1861... 
Gegania, Jeffreys. 1884, : ; ‘ ; 5 : 
Gemmata (Turritella), Ry e. Conch. Icon., sp. 28, 1849, 


ice (Siphonium), A. and G. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 5, f. 


~ Na 


Pelee (Ser puloides), Gre ay. Figs. ‘of Moll vty t. 58, f..6,,1850- 


ee polyphragma, Sassi, 
Gigas (Siliquaria), Lesson. "Voy. de la Coq., ii pt. 1, p- 409, 
Glabra (Tenagodus), Risso. Hist.,iv,p.115,  . 
Glabriformis (Brochina), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 437, 1858, . 


Glabrum (Dentalium), Montagu. Test. Brit., li, p. 497, 


1803,.. 
Glabrum (Cxcum), Brusina (not Mont. ). 
= Brochina incompta; Monts. 

Glabrum (Odontidium), Cantraine, . ; 
Glabrum (Cecum), McAndr. Geogr. Distr’ Test., 1854. 
= C. vitreum, Carp. , : : d 

Glauconia, Giebel, 1852 


Glomerata (Spiroely phus annulatus, var), Mirch. Zool. 


Proec.,.p- dol. 186)... : 
Glomerata ( Serpula), Linn. Syst. Nat., xii, Pp. 1266. 
= Vermetus subecancellatus, Bivon. : 


PAGE. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 937 


PAGE. 
Glomerata (Vermicularia), Gravenh. Tergest., p. 60,in part. 
= Thylacodes decussatus, Gm., var. tenuis, Morch. 


Glomeratus (Vermetus) Bivona. Nuovi Genera, 12, . se llig(ts) 
Glomeratus (Vermetus), Daudin. Ree. 35. 

—— V.vermicella, Lam.  . é : ; - : lites 
Glomeratus (Vermetus), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 2, 

f.2. = V. renisectus (Carp.), Morch. 
Goniostoma (Turritella), Val. ve Humboldt et Bon- 

pland, ii, p. 275, : : : 198 
Gordialis (Vermetus renisectus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Eroc,, 

p. 346, 1861, : sunlid dk 
Gordialis (Vermetus conicus, var. \: Moreh. "Zool. Proc. Ds 

a42,, 166), - 2 See nt 
Goreensis (Vermetus), Gmel. Sy st. Nat., p. 3745, : a GT 
Gracile (Cecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 129, LS5Ss © 4. . 219 


Gracile (Czecum), Gld. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat Hist, Vii, 407, 219 
Gracillima (Turritella), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., 
vii, p. 386, 1861; A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 107, 


1875. ae fascialis, Menke, : LO 
Grandis (Cladopoda), Gray. Fig. of Moll. Pa icay 6s "83, pl 56, 

finas)s 182 
Granifera (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Moreh. Zool. Proc., p. 61, 

1862, ax Len 


Granosa (aorritela), Quoy. Voy. del Astr. sll, t: 5D, E 29, 30, 209 
Granolirata (Mathilda), Brugnone. Mise. Malac. Ps OF f. 


1873. = M. elegantissima, O7 Gs Costa,:: : ” 210 
Granulata (Vermicularia), Gravenh. Tergestina, p. 65, No. 

5, 1831. = Bivonia triquetra, Bivon., var. pinnicola, Seals 
Granulifera (Turritella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soe. 

Tasmania, p. 143, 1875. = T. Australis, Lam. . 207 
Gregaria (Dofania), Monts. En. Sin., p. 28; Il. Nat. Sicil., 

iv, 62 aged 
Gunnii (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 45, 1849, . 203 
Gurgulio (Cecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p 426, 1858, . Se 
Be lossate: (Vermetus cereus, var.), Mdrch. Zool. Proc., 

p. 351, 1861, ‘ ‘ : 3 5 F ; F 2 


Haliphebus, Fischer. Kiener, Trochidze, 450, 1880, . Pea) Si 
Hanleyana (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 36, 1849. 


== I. rosea, Quoy- .. ; : 5 ; : : IE) 
Hastula (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 31, 1849, e203 
Hatina, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 62, 90, 1842; 62, 1844, a Wig) 
Haustator, Mtf. Conch. Syst., ii, 182, 1810, ; 193,198 
Helvacea (Xenophora), Ph. Zeit. fiir Malak., Hoi Ae Same sez 


Heptagonum (Cecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells iP. 319; 
Zool. Proc., 422, 1858, ; ° 3 : . 222 


238 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Heteropsammarium (Cryptobia), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. 
68, 1863,,..< : 19h 
Hexagonum (Cxecum heptagonum, var. ir), de Folin. Les 
Méléagrin., p. 46,1867, . 222 


Hookeri (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 61, 1848, . 206 


Imbricata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Mdrch. Zool. Proc , 
p. 163, 1831, :- . 184 

RR bRicnta (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Bdit., Shs No. 640. 
= T. variegata, var. elongata, Linn. - . 199 
Tmbricatun (Cxcum), Carp. Zool. Proc.. p. 492. 1858, 185, ph 

Imbricatus (Thylacodes), Dkr. Mal. Blavi. jas 240, No. 59, 


1860, . 5 . 180 
Imbricosoluta (Turritella communis, var.), De Greg. “Bull. 

Soc. Mal. ital. x, p-L18, . . Loi 
Imiklis (Meiocer: oA de Folin, Fonds de la Mer, 189, e 26, 

f.°5,/6, ; . 228 
Immersa openly ‘phus Spirulifor mis, ‘var.), Mireh. Zool. 

Prog. pros, 10k. pe. ~ ie 


Impartitum (Czecum), de Folin. Les Méleagrin., p. 41, 1867, 219 
Imperfectum (Czcum),de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 40,1867, 216 
Imperforatum (Dentalium), Montagu. Brit. Shells, 496. 


= C. trachea, Mont...” . : ‘ : ; ; . 2g 
Impressa (Turritella), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. datas 

ii, p. 244. — Odostomia, . . 209 
Incisa (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Téons ., Sp. 65, 1849, . 2038 


Incisa (Turritella), Tenison-Woods (non KRve. ). Proc. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W., ii, p. 262, 1877. = T. Sophie, Braz. 
Incisus (Tenagodus), Moérch. Zool. Proc., 408, 1860. 


— T. Senegalensis, Recluz, - ‘ . : : . 188 
Reet (C: eae de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p. 
142, ¢.-227 £. 122, 1869, : ; : e : A . 222 


Incompta BE ochie Monts. II Nat. Sicil., iv, p. 23, 1884, 216 
Incurvatum (Vermiculum), Mont. Test. Br., p. 518, 


— (C. glabrum, Mont. : . : ; . 215 
Indentata (Vermetus contortus, var. ), c arp. Morch. Mal. 

Blatt., 77, 1860, : : : « AT 
Indentata (Vermetus renisectus var. ar.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p. 349, 1861, : : : elit 


Indica (Xenophora), Gmel. ‘Syst. Nat., 355, : : - h6L 
Indicus (Vermetus), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 5, f.2a. 

— Vermiculus lumbricalis, Linn. var. teres, Morch, . 1 
Infimum (Czcum),de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8,f. 2, . 222 
Inflatum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p. 121, 

t. 15, f. 5, 6, 1869, - : 4 : : : E . 222 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Infraconstricta (Turritella), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., p. 
BLT Ste, « 3 : : ‘ : : 
Infundibulum (Ser pula), Chenu. Illus: Conch.,.t..10,f, 12, . 
Incrassata (Turritella), Sowb. Min. Conch. Great Brit., i, 
pe Like teal fb elo. = T. triplicata, Studer, 
Inopertus (Serpulus), elas Atlas A friea, t..11, £3, 


Insculptum (Czcum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan shells, p. 315, 


Zool. Proc., 420, 1858, : 2 : : ; i 
Insigne (Caecum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 52, 1867, 
Instructum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 
Intaminata (Czecum fasciatum, var.), Monts. Nat. Sicil., iv, 

24, 3 
Intermedia (Thylacodes decussatus, v var.), “Moreh. ‘Zool. 

Proes p. 10,1362," is - : 
Intestina (Serpula), Salis-Marschlius. ’ Reise, p. 308, 1793, 

= Thylacodes polyphragma, Sassi, . 

Intestiniforme (Dentalium), Linn, 1759. Hanley, Ms. of Mus. 


Ulric. 49. = Thylacodes poly phragma, Sassi, 
Intortus (Vermetus), Weinkautf (non Lamarck). Conch. 
Medit., 328. = V.subcancellatus, Bivona, 


Tonica (Bivonia), Danillo and Sandri. Elengo, Ld, 65, 
Irregulare (Czecum), de Folin, Journ. de Conch. op At; ‘186 1, 
Trregularis (Vermetus), d’Orb. Cuba, p. 235. 
= Vermetus varians, d’Orb, var. irregularis, Morch, : 
Irregularis (Vermetus), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 16, but 
scarcely desc. = Spiroglyphus annulatus, Daud, var. 


Japonica (var. of Tenagodus Cumingii), Mirch. Zool. 
Proe., 405, 1860, 

Juvenilis (V ermetus renisectus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proe., 
p. 348, 1561, 4 


Knockeri (Protoma), Baird. Zool. Proc., p. 60, 1870, 
Knorri (Vermetus), Desh. <An.s. Vert., ix, 68, 1843. 
= Vermiculus spiratus, Phil. var. bicarinata, Morch, 
Knysnaensis (Turritella), Krauss. Sudafrik. Moll. p. 106, t. 
6, f. 9, 1848, - : : 2 ; ; : : 


Lacquearis (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Mérch. Zool. 
Broc:, poti7,.1 8b. 
Lactea (Mesalia), Moller. Index Moll. Greenlandiz, p. 9. 


— T. reticulata, Migh. and Adams, . : ; : . 208 
Lactea (Siliquaria); Lam. Hist., v, p. 338, No. 5, 1818, . 191 


Lacteola (Mesalia), Cpr. Suppl. Rep. Brit. As., P. 655, 
1864. = T. reticulata, Migh. and Adams, 
Leve (Cecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 162, 311, 


. 208 


. 215 


240 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Leve-lirata (var. of Tenagodus Cumingii), Morch. Zool. 
Proc., 405, 1860, : . : : : . 190 
Levigata (Thyl acodes decussatus, var.), Moreh. Zool. 
Proc. Se Os haOer 0 bs 181 
Levigata (Xenophora), Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, pp. 213— 
214, 1807. = X. conchyliophorus, Born, . Lee 
Levis (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit. , 1827. 
= C. glabrum, Mont. ; . 215 
Leeviuscula (Thylacodes colubrina, var.), “Mirch. “Zool. 
PTC. Ps lon USGa. : ; : ; - 180 
Lamarckii (Serpulorbis), Wailleene Nouv. Archiv. du Mus., 
PST. palooy ‘ ‘ : . 183 
Lamarckii (Vermetus Adansonii, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 
San, VSOL, » : p , . 169 
Lamberti (Xenophora), ‘Souv. Jour. de Conch., xix, 334, 
1ST) er 4. TS 12,5 Ve - : : : . Lez 
Lainellosa (Turritella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., p. 229, 
1880, ; . 208 
Lamellosum (Siphonium), Hutton. Cat. Moll. N. Ze p 
30; Manual, 85, 5 : . 184 
Lapidifera (Astrea), Bolt. C at., D 56. 
— Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born. 
Lacquearis (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proce., p. 
BO, weGa ss : « LTT, Ese 
Laqueatum (Cxcum), C. B. Ad. Pan. ‘Shells, Pp. ecu 
Carp. Zool. Proc., 420, 1858, —. . ai 
? Lementina, Risso. Hist. Nat. Europe Mer. p. ple 1826. 
=r: Thylacodes, Guett,  . : 167 
Lemniscata (Spiroglyphus  spiruliformis, “var. ), Moreh. 
Zool. Proe.; p. 328, 1861, . : : é : : . 
Lentiginosa (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 9, 1849. 
== f\. goniostoma, Val... - : : : . ‘ . 198 
Leucostoma (Turritella), Val. me Humboldt et Bon- 
pland, ii, p. 275, : 3 : : . 200 
Leucozonias (Siphonium), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 155, 
1861, . : c : . 185 
Levi issimum (Odontidium), Cantr. Bull) Brox, 1x, "paves 
1842. =—C.glabrum, Mont. . . 215 
Liratocinctum (Cecum), Carp. Cat. "Mazatlan Shells, p- 
37 Zool. Proc. 421. P8585 on. . 222 


Ligar (Turritella), Desh. Anim. s. Vert. ix, ». 261. 
= T. fiammulata, Kien. 
Lilacina (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc., P. = 
1862, . : . 1 
Lilacinus 5 (Vermetus), “Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soe, p. 352 


1861, paren edn VS ae 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 241 
PAGE, 
Limacella (Thylacodes Riisei, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., 

p. 69, 1862, ; . . 183 
Lineata (var. of Tenagodus incisus), Mirch. Zool. Proes, 

408, 1860, : - - . 189 
Lineicinctum (Czcum), "de Folin. " Zool. Proc., p. 808, 1879, 219 
Lineolata (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 25, t. 5, 

io.» == Tt rosea, Quoy, : : ‘ A ; 199 
Lineolata (Vermicularia), Gr avenh. Tergesi:, p: 01, Noz 3: 

= Thylacodes polyphragma, Sassi, var. Aletes, Mirch. 
Linnei (Turritella), Desh. = T. communis, Risso, . smo 
Lispe (Vermetus), Desh. Anim. s. Vert., 2d Edit., ix, 65. 

= V. vermicella, Lam. F wily 
Longifilis (Thylacodes), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc. D. 19: 1862, 181 
Lithophorus (Trochus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, pl. 173, fi: 

1688-1690. = Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born. 
Lithotrochus, Conrad, S94 
Lituella (Siphonium), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soc. Dp. 154 1861, 183 
Lituina (Vermiculus dimorphus, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc., 

p- Wide 1861 187 
Lumbricalis (var. of Tenagodus Cumingit), Mirch. ‘Zool. 

Proc., 405, 1860, : ~ 190 
Lumbricalis (Vermetus), Gould. “Report Mass. \?. 287. 

= Vermiculus spiratus, Phil., var. radicula, Stimp. = 187 
Lumbricalis (Vermiculus), d’Orb. Hist. Nat. Cuba, p. 234. 

= V. spiratus, Phil., var. bicarinata, Morch, . - sy 
Lumbricalis (Serpula), B. Gm. Syst. Nat. P. "3742. 

= Vermetus conicus, Dillw. 2 LO 
Lumbricalis (Vermetus), Lam. Hist. “An. sans Vert. AML 

pt. 2,225. = V. Adansonii, Daudin, var. 

Lumbricalis (Vermetus), Roissy (non Linn.). Hist. Moll., 

Vv. p- 394, t. 00,1, 1. == V. Adansonii, Daudin, A . 169 
Lumbricalis (Vermiculus), Linn. Syst. Nat., x, 787, 1758, 186 
Lumbricella (Thylacodes eruciformis, var.), Mirch. Zool. 

Proce:, p. 70, 1862, é . 183 
Luridum (Siphonium), Mérch. Proc. Zool. Soe. \p. 164, ‘1861, 184 
Lyngbyanus (Vermetus), Morch. Proce. Zool. Soe., p. $3, 

1862; Mall. Blatt., xviii, 128, ; ; : : . 185 
Macandree (Eglisia), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 753, 1865. 

= Turritella quadricarinata, Brocchi. 

Macrophragma (Vermetus), Carp. Mazat. Cat. P. 309, No. 

359, 1857, : eens 
Macrophragma, Carp. Mazat. Cat. iG oe 308, 1157. 

= 5S. G. of Vermetus, Adans. , 165, : . Vis 
ee eorreems (Petaloconehus), ae Mazat. Cat. rs p. 309, 

oS a ig es 


16 


249 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 

Maculata (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 33,1849, . 202 
Magellanica (Mathilda), Fischer. Man. de Conceb., p. 172, 

1881, - . . : . - « 1S 

Magnum (Cxeum), Stearns, ‘ ; : ; : . 219 

Major (Bivonia sutilis, var. : Mirch, Zool. Proc., 58, 1862, 177 
ae (Cornuoides), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit., 


182%. = C. trachea, Mont., young, . ‘ : aa 
Mrcaibeeans (Vermetus), Val. Voy. Venus, t. ike i: 
(larger fig.), u Bic: 


Mar garitarum (Siphonium), Val. “Voy. Venus, pl. ig f. 9, 
= Thylacodes squamigerus, Carp., var. pennata, Morch.,. 184 
Marginatum (Cecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, 


CG A ig i eh ee ; ‘ 2 ; : . 222 
Marmorata (Turritella), Kiener. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 23, t. 

8,f. 4. = T. goniostoma, Val. : A : : . VOR 
Marmorata (Turritella), Ch., iv, p. 259, f. 1422 

= TT. variegata, Linn. : : . 199 

Marmoratum (Czcum formulosum, var. si de Folin. Fonds ° 

de la Mer, viii, p. 124, : ‘ . 222 
Masier (Vermetus), Desh. Anim. 8. Vert., ix, 65, 1843, . 188 
Massiliense (Cecum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, ; . 216 


Mathilda, Semper. Jour. de Conch, xiii, 330,1865, . 195, 210 
Maxima (Vermetus centiquadrus, var.), Mérch. Zool. 
Proe., p. 362, 1861, . : c P : : 1 . Lig 
Maximum (Siphonium), Sowb. Tank. Cat., p. 23,1825, . 184 
Maximus (Onustus), Humphr. Cat., p. 28. 
== Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born. . 
Meandrina (Xenophora), Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, DP. 213- 


214,1807. == X. conchyliophorus, Born, : . Eon 
Mediterranea (Xenophora), Tiberi. Jour. de Conch., xi, Dp: 
EDT, iplivl, -9h; 1660. (== Oe erispa, Kono ee 160 


Mediterraneum (Spirolidium), Costa. Microdoride Medi- 

terr., p. 66, t. xi, f. 4, 1861. ? = C. Folini, B.D. D. 213, 288 
Megacentro (Siphonium maximum, var.), Mérch. Zool. 

Proc.. p, LOS .186n,, . ; , : : . 184 
Megamastum (Siphonium), Moreh. Zool. Proc., p. 153, 1861, 185 
Meioceras, Carpenter. Zool. Proc., p. 438, 1858. 

= §. G. of Caecum, Flem. : : ‘ ; . 214, 232 
Melanioides (Mesalia), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 3, 1849,  . 209 
Melanosclera (Vermiculus spiratus, var.), Moreh. Zool. 


Proc, p:. 174, 1861, « 18g 
Melanostomus (Thylacodes), Mirch. "Proc. Zool. Soc. <9 fg 

99, 1865,... : . 183 
Mesal (Turritella), Desh. Anim. § s. vert. is, D: 261. 

= T. brevialis, Lam. . i ‘ . 209 


Mesalia, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840, < 5 . 193, 209 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Meta (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 34, 1849. 
== T. variegata, Linn., var. : : P - : : 
Michaudii (Thylacodes), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 2, 
f 


Michelini (Cryptobia), Desh. ; Moll. Tle Reunion, pp. 65-67, 
1863, 


Microcy relos (( (Cxcum), de Folin. “Zool. Pros; p: 811, 1879, 2 


Minima (Czecum variegatum, var.), de Folin. Fonds de la 
Mer, viii, p. 120, t. 15, : : : : ; : : 

Minor (Cornuoides), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit., 
1827. —C. glabrum, young, _ : 

Minor (Vermetus subcancellatus, var.), Monts. Il Nat. 
Breil. iv, p. 61, . : : 

Minutum (Dentalium), Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1264. 
= C. glabrum, Mont. 


Minutum (Czcum),de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p 40, 1867, = 


Mirabile (Cecum), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 45,1867, . 220 
Mirificum (Czcum),de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 47, 1867, . 7 
Mébii (Tenagodus), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1865, p. 98, . 191 
Modesta (Siliquaria), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., sak p- 39, 
Modestum (Cecum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . 216 
Monile (Vermetus varians, var. De Mirch. Zool. Proc., 339, 

1861, 170 
Monilifera (Vermetus renisectus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p- 349, 1861, : , Ae ys: 
Monilifera (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. ee 

p. 48, 1848, - . 205 
Monstrosum (Cxeeum), C. B. Ad. Pan. ' Shells, pp. 162, : all. 

= C. firmatum, C. B. Ad. : DANG 
Moreleti (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine et 

Loire, xi, 1869, . . 223 
Moreletia, de Folin. In les Fonds de la Mer, i i, p. 120. 

= Parastrophia, de Folin. 
Morchia, Mayer. Jour. de Conch., viii, 309, Aug. 1860 (non 

A. Adams, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., Apr., 1860). 

= Burtinella, Morch. 
Muhlenpfo1dti (Thylacodes Riisei, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc., 

p- 69, 1862, ‘ are 
Maltilirata (var. of Tenagodus Australis, Quoy), Moreh. 

Zool. Proc., 406, 1860, sl89 
Multilirata (Turritella), Ad. and ‘Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 

p. 47, 1848, Sid Fea 
Muricata (Siliquaria), Born. "Test. Cees. Vindobon, 446. 

= §. anguina, Linn. = 190 


Mutabile (Czeeum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, 1869 
y. 


° a, ef 
ain \ ATS. 


244 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Natalensis (Thylacodes), Moérch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 70, 
1862, . 

Nebulosa (Turritella), Kien. “‘Teon. Coq. Viv. SD: 33, t. 14, ie 2, 

Nebulosum (Siphonium), Dillw. II, p. 1076, No. 19, 

Nerinzoides (Petaloconchus), C pe Proc. Zool. Soe. p. 
316; f16, 1896, : 

Nidificans (Vermiculus tortuosus, var .), Moreh. Zool. Proc., 
p. 170; 1861, 

Nigricans CV; ermetus lumbricalis, var. ‘. Dall. Proc. Nat. 
Mus. , vi, p. 334. = V. varians, d’Orb. 


Nitidum Cxcum), Stimp. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.;iv, T1272 


Nitidum (Meioceras), Bean. Carpenter, Zool. Proc., 438, 
1858, . : : : ; : : a 
Nivea (Turritella), "Anton. Verzeich. der Conch., p. 61, 
Nivea (Turritella), Gray, MSS. Brit. Mus.; Reeve, Conch. 

Icon., sp. 44, 1849, : : : 
Nodoso- rugosus (Vermetus), Lischke. Mal. Blatt., xvi, 

106 : : : 5 ‘ 
Muduloes (Turritella), King. Zool. Journ., v, p, 347, No. 56, 
Nove-Hollandize (Vermetus), Rousseau. Chenu, Ill. Conch., 
t.1,f. 4a. = Thylacodes sulcatus, Lam. . : 
Novee-Zelandiz (Vermetus), Gray. Fig. of Moll. , li, p. 28, 
t. 56, f. 6. == Cladopoda Zelandica, Q. and G. : 


Obsoletum (Czecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 426, 1858. 
= C. trachea, var. . ‘ 
Obsoletus (Turbo), Gmel. Syst. Nat. \p. 3619, 
= T. Exoleta, Linn. . 
Obtusum (Cecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. ‘Shells, p. 311; “Zool. 
Proc., 421, 1858, : 
Obtusus (Tenagodus), Schum. Essai, ). 262 1817, 
Occlusa (Vermetus varians, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proe , 009, 
1861, - - : x : 
Occlusa (Vermetus subcancellatus, var.), Moreh. Zool. 
Proc., 356, 1861, : A ; ; ; 
Occultum (Czecum), de Folin. Les Méléagrin, p. 44, 1867, 
Ochrea (Serpula), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3744. 
? = Vermetus atra, Rouss. - 7 4 : é 
Octagonum (Czeum heptagonum, var.), de Folin. Les 
Méléagrin., p. 46, 1867, — ; 
Octosectus (Petaloconchus), © Jarp. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1p. 317, 
f. 8, 1856, : 
Odontina, Zborzewski. — Cecum, Fleming, 1834, 
Odontidium, Phil. = Cecum, Fleming, 1836, 


Opalina (Turritella), Ad. and "Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p- 
. ° . . 2 


48, 1848, 


PAGE. 


. 183 
209 
184 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Opereulatus (Serpulorbis), Gray. Zool. Proc., 156, 1847. 
= V. inopertus, Ruppell, 
Onustus, Humphrey. Mus. Calonn. 17973 ; H. and A. Adams, 
Genera, 1, 362, 1854, é zr lat, 
Onustus (Phorus), Rye. Proc. Zool. Soc., 160, 1842. 
== X. conchy liophorus, Born. . 
Orcutti (Czcum), Dall. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. , Viii, Raa 1885, 
Orientale (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, vi, vii, p- 
Mio, 11, £. 5,6, ‘ : : : : : 
Oryzata (Thylacodes), Mirch. Pro. Zool. Soc, p. 78, 1862, 
Oxygona (Thylacodes grandes, var.), Morch. Zool. 'Proc., 
p- 81, 1862, : : = < : : : 


Pachylasma (Vermetus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 354, 
1861, - 

Pagoda (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 60, ‘1848, 

Pallidulus (Phorus), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 162, 1842 

Panamensis (Vermetus), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch. me 5, 
f.la,b. = V.centiquadrus, Val., var. . 

Panamensis (Serpula), Chenu. Ill. Conch., t. 10, a 5. 
= V. pellucidus, var. crassa, 

Panamensis (Serpula), Chenu. Illus. Conch., le 10, f G. 
=Vermiculus pellucidus, Brod. & Sowb.,var.crassa, Mirch. 

Panormitanus OE ae Greg. Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., 
mop. LL, 1884, . 

Papillosa (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc. - P. 60, 
1862, . : 

Papillosa (Turritella), Kien. "Coq. Viv., t. 14, £3. 
= T. nodulosa, King, : 

Papillosa (Siliquaria), Rees, Encye. Chenu, Tlus. Conch., 

Bets LG, 3 

ee (Cxcum), de Folin. Jour. de Conch. D. o 1867, 

Parastrophia, de Folin. In les Fonds de la Mer, i, p. 174, 
1869; Jour. de Conch., 2038, 1877. 


= §. G. of Cecum, Flem. . F Pea 
Parva (Torcula), Angas. Zool. Proe., Dp. 174, t. 265.8, 17, 
1877. = T. cinguilifera, Sowb. 


Parvum (Czecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 163, 311. 
= C. undatum, Cpr. 


Parvulum (Cxecum), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 40, 1867, 2 


Pellucidus (Vermiculus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, 
p. 369, : : : : : : : ‘ : : 

Penicillus, Grew. Mus. regal., p. 132 (non Rondelet). 
= Vermicularia, Lam. 

Pennata (Thylacodes squamigerus, var.), Moérch. Zool. 
Proc., p. 76. 1862, : 


946 ° INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Pennatum (Sreener ey: Morch. Jour. de Conch., p. 43, 
TSG0; 3 4 

Perforans (Stoa), M. de ‘Serres. Ann. des Sci. .Y, p. 241, t. 
8, f. 3-6, 1855. = Siphonium politum, Daudin, 

Perlata (Vermetus varians, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc., 


PAGE. 


. 185 
. 184 


341, 1861 . 170 
Peronii (Vermetus), Rouss. "Chenu, Ill. Conch. : 4, £6. 

= V. centiquadrus, Val., var. 175 
Personata (Vermetus conicus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p- 341, 1861, ; 5 : - 179 
Petaloconchus, Lea. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1843, it. 9s pee 

229. =—S.G,of Vermetus, Adanson, . ‘ « 165, 172 
Petra (Bivonia), Monterosato. I] Nat. Siciliano, iv, p. 

61. = B. glomerata, Bivona. 

Philippinensis (Tbylacodes decussatus, var. ); Morch. Zool. 

Proc:,.p: 75, F862, ‘ . Lt 
Philippensis (Turritella), Watson. Jour. ‘cian! Soe, p. 

223, 1880, . ; . 208 
Phorus, De Montfort. Conch. Syst. ia, , 158, 1810. 

— Xenophora, Fischer, ; oe 
Phronimum (Czecum), de Folin, Jour. de Conch., p- 44, 

1867, . 221 
Picea (Vermetus renisectus, var. ), 1 Moreh. Zool. Proe., .p. 

349, 1861, : ae iy | 
Picta (V ermiculus pellucidus, var. ya Mirch. "Zool. Proc. = p. 

178, 1861, ‘ . 188 
Pictum (Siphonium), Moreh. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 161, 185 
Pinguis (Gegania), Jeffreys. 211, 1861. 

Pinnicola (Bivonia triquetra, var.), Moreh. Zool. Proc., p. 

55, 1862. 

Planorbis (Spiroglyphus), Dkr. - Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 240, 1860, 178 
Planorboides (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Mirch. ’ Zool. Proe:, 

p. 59, 1862 : Din 
Planorboides (Vermiculus pellucidus, var. ,. Mirch. Zool. 

Proe:, po its 186k. ; < . 188 
Planorboides (Siphonium nebulosum, * var. " Mirch. Zool. 

Proc., p. 163, 1861. 

Platy omphala (v ar. of Tenagodus Cumingii), Mérch. Zool. 

Proc., 405, 1860, : 5 : - : ; .- 190 
Platypus (Siphonium), } Mirch. Proce. Zool, Soe:, p- 157, 

1861, A : ‘ . 185 
Plicaria (Serpula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., v ,p. 619, No. 5, 188 
Plicata (Mesalia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 123, 1855, 210 
Plicatum (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p- 421, 1858;) . . 220 
Polaris (Turritella), Beck. Moller, Ind. Moll. Greenl., 1842. 

= T.erosa, Couth. . . : ° : } ; . 208 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE 

Pollicare (Ceecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 432, 1858, 220 
Politus (Spiroglyphus), Daudin. Recueil, p. 49, 1801, 184 
Polygonus (Tenagodus), Blainv. Dict., xlix, p. 213, 1827. 

= §. anguina, Linn. 2 ; = 190 
Polyphragma (Vermetus), S assi. * Jour. Ligur, Se., Vv; -, 482, 

1827, . f sls, 179 
Ponderosus (Tenagodus), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, 

p. 409, 188 
Porites (Thy lacodes), Rouss. Chenu, ‘Tlus. Conch. bis Zs f 

3,a,b,c. (Not figs. d, e), . 181 
Porites (Vermetus), ‘Rousseau (in part). Chenu, Tl. Conch., 

t. f.3,d,e. = V. decussatus, Gmel., var. levigata. 
Prielonga (Siphonium m maximum ca Mirch. Zool. Proce; 

p- 169, 1861, - : . 184 
Proboscis (Vermetus conicus, var. », Mirch. Zool. Proc., p. 

343, 1861, . ‘ : Pe! era 
Protensa (Serpula), Dillw. If, p- 1085, No. 38, (not Gmel.). 

= Thylacodes Rumphii, Gmel.. . 183 
Protensus (Thylacodes), Gmel. Syst. Nat. ‘p. 3744, No. 20, 183 
Proto, Defrance. Dict. se. Nat. pl., 1825; xliii, 410, 1826. 

= Turritella, Lam. 
Protoma, Baird.- Zool. Proc., p. 59, 1870, . : . 194, 210 
Pseudophorus, Meek. = — Xenophora, Fischer, p oe lon 
Pulchellum (Czecam), sot Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 

1851, . : Reena 
Punctata (Bivonia ‘Quoyi, var. r), March. Zool. Pree. P 62, 

1862, . : : : : eta 
Punctata (Turritella), Kien. “Teon. Coq. Waves, pes LOS teed Te 

ec. — i..contestoma, Val. 2 . 198 
Puncticulata (Turritella), Sowb. Zool. Proc. sD: 953, 1870, 209 
Pusilla (Turritella), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.. 

XVil, p..184,1856, - . : - 208 
Pyomeum (Czcum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells pp. 163, 311, 

== ©. firmatum, C.’B. Ad. - - 217 
Pyxipoma, Moreh. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, P. 409. 

=o. G. of Siliguaria, Brug. “. BES al aS 
Quadricarinata (Mathilda), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. subap., 

379, 1814, a 
Quadrangularis CN ermiculas spiratis, var. ), Mire. “Zool. 

Eroc.. p. 174; 1861, ‘ Pe bey 
Quadrangulus (X Guinicaias), Phil. Mke. Tete. Dp: 17, No. 

17,1848. =—V.spiratus, Phil., var. quadrangularis, Mirch, 187 
Quadratum (Ceecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 322, 

Zool. Proc., 428, 1858, : 217 
Quoyi (Bivonia), H.and A. Ad. Gen., p: 359, t. 39, f. 3-a,. 176 


948 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Radicula (Vermiculus), Stimp. Shells of N. England, p. 38, 
= V. spiratus, Phil., var. . : P 
Radula (Turritella), Kien. Icon ‘Coq. Viv., p. 13, fis Dig the ‘4 201 
Ramosa, (Lementina selecta, var.), Monts. Il Nat. 
Siciliano, LY, p.(Ga, Ys : . 183 
Rastrum (V ermiculus), March. Prog, Zool. Soc. Dp. 180, 1861, 188 
Reentzii (Tenagodus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 98, 1865, . 189 


Regulare (Cecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 428, 1858, : . og 
Regularis (Serpula), Chenu. Ill. Conch., t. 10, f. 14. 

= V. planorboides, Morch, : : 5 : : . 188 
Renisectus (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 315, 

f.5, 1856. == Vermetus Adansonii, Daudin, var. Carpen- 

ter, Morch, : 4 5 : : : . io 
Renisectus (Vermetus), Carp. Var. Zool. Proc., 315, 1856, 

Morch. Zool. Proc., 346, 1861, « ; « 110, ia 
Repens, (Vermetus contortus, var.), Mirch. Zool. POC, 

p: 3441861, 2. & 2. ae 


Repens, (Thylacodes dentiferus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 
p. 68, 1862. 
Replicata (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat. edit., xii, 1239. 


= T. duplicata, Linn, : : : ; : : . 207 
Reticulata (Turritella), Migh. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iv 
p50; to4, f2. 1918433 : : 5 : : of. 
Reticulatus (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit. 
1827. = Cecum annulatum, Brown, . 220 
Retifera (Vermetus conicus, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc. sD: 
343, 1861, . - Ae 
Retusa | (Mathilda), Brugnone. Mise. Malae. > P- 6, te 3, 
— M. elegantissima, Costa, 5 ‘ - 2h0 


Reversum (Ceecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 329, . 216 
Riisei (Thylacodes), Morch. ‘ Zool. Proc., 69, 1862, . . 183 
Robusta (Xenophora), Verrill. Am. Journ. Sci., xlix, 226, 
1870, . 3 ; , : ; : : : : . 16 
Rosea (var. of Tenagodus incisus), Morch. Zool. Proc., 
409, 1860, . ‘ ; : ; : : : ; . 188 
Rosea (var. of Siliquaria anguina), Linn. Monterosato, 
Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., v, 224, . 189 
Rosea (Turritella), Quoy. Voy. del’ Astr., ili, t. 5D, 1 24 26, 199 
Rosea Sos ease (not Quoy). Quar. Journ. Geol. 


Soc., vi, t. 28, f..16. = T. tricincta, Hutton, ; . 209 
Roseus (Stephopoms), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. de VAstr. og De 

300, t. 67, f. 20-2 . 185 
Roussei eee Vaillant. Nouv. ‘Archiv. du Museum, 

Lei loap. 1 Oil. ae ks . 175 
Rubella KGeousn elegans, var.), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., 

p. 45, 1867, : : . - : : : : . 219 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Ruber (Tenagodus), Schum. Essai, p. 262, 1817. 
= T. anguina, Linn. . : ; : : : 
Rubescens “(Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 63, 1849, 


Rudis (var. of Tenagodus eee Morch. Zool. Proc., 


404, 1860, . : - 


Rugoso (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 


p. 168, 1861, 


Rugoso- -squiamosa (Bivonia Quoyi, var. ‘: Moreh. Zool. Proe., 


p. 60, 1862, 
Rugulosa (Creseis), Cantraine, p- “39. 
= Cecum trachea, Mont. 


Rugulosa (Vermiculus lumbricalis, var.), Moreh. Zool. 


Proc., pe bis. Lsel, 


Rugulosum (Odontidium), P Phil. "Moll. Sic., 1; D. 102, t. 6 


f. 20. =Cecum trachea, Mont. 
Rumphii (Thylacodes), Blainv., 1828, 
Runcinata (Turritella), Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., p. 217, 
Rupestris (Serpula), Risso. Hur. Mér., p. 204, No. 25. 

= Bivonia triquetra, Bivon, var. pinnicola, . 
Ryssotitum (Czecum), de Folin. Jour. de Conch. ,p. 46, 1867, 


Sanguinea (Turritella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 27, 1849. 
=. goniostoma, Val. . 5 : : . 5 : 

Sardinianum (Cecum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, P. 231, 
Pelee tie bh. 1S60.. == Orvitrenm, Carp. 

Scaber (Thylacodes), Gravenh. Tergest. Hy Oma No. 2 2, ‘1831. 
Hab. unknown, 

Sealariformis (var. of Tenagodus “Austr alis, Quoy), Moreh. 
Zool. Proe., 406, 1860, 


Scealaris (Vermiculus ala var. ); Mirch. Zool. Proc., p. 


174, 1861, 


Scandens (Siphonium maximum, var.), Moreh. Zool. Proce., 


mis7 86h, Cures ee 

Scaphitella (Siphonium), Moreh. " Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 160, 
1861. 

Scaphitoides (Siphonium textum, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc , 
p.159,1861, aay ae 

Scaphitoides (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Morch. 
Zool. Proc., p. 327, 1861, A . ; : 

Scolopendrina (Vermetus subcancellatus, var. .), March. Zool. 
Proc., 356, 1861, : : : 

Searles. Woodii (Czee um), Cpr -McAndr. Rep. Moll. N. E. 
Atl. ?=C. elegantissimum, Carp., var. . : : j 

Selecta (Lemintina), Monts. Enum. e Sin., p. 281, 1878.; 
Il Nat. Sicil., iv, 63, . 

Semicinctum (Cxcum), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 42 1867, 


183 
219 


250 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 
PAGE, 
Semi-surrectus (Vermetus), Bivon. Nouv. Gen., p. 10, t. 2, 
f/35 1832, . « 6 


Semitrachea (Cecum), Brus. “MS. “Monts Nat. Sicil. iv, 24, 220 
Senegalensis (Siliquaria), Recluz. Mdérch., Zool. Proc., - 408, 


1860, : : : . : . 188 
Senegalensis (Xenophora), Fischer. Journ. de Conch., xxi, 

123, LSS; : . . 5 . 160 
Senegambianum (Cxcum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, W. 

Africa, ‘ : : : - . 223 
Senticosum (Stephopoma),} Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soe., p. 150, 

1861, 5 5 . : 5 . 185 
Sepimentum (Cxecum), de Folin. Les Fonds de la Mer,a, 

PASL loeb te lcs - . 229 
Sequenzianus ( ‘Vermetus), Aradas and Benoit. Conch. Sicil., 

PHlol ISTO. 2. : - ee 
Serpulina (Bivonia triquetra, var. . Mirch. “Zool. Proc. i p. 

HO USG2.5 5 : 146 
Serpuloides, Gray. Fig. of Moll., iv, p. 83, 1850. 

= Thylacodes, Guett. : : - 166 
Serpulorbis, Sassi. Journ. Ligur., Genes, v, “482, 1897. 

= Thylacodes, Guett, : . 164, 166 
Serpulus, Montf. Conch. Syst. 1? 22, 1810. 

= Thylacodes, Guett, - . 166 
Serrata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Moreh. Zool. Proc., 

po 162800 we: : . 184 


Siliquaria, Bruguiere. Encye. Meth., : p- XV, 1789, . 168, 188 
Siliquarius, Montf. Conch. Syst., ii, 38, 1810. 

— §. G. of Siliquaria, Brug. 
Sinensis (Mathilda), Fischer. Journ. de Conch., P. 304, t. 9, 


£/3, 1867) 4 . od 
Sinensis (Xenophora), Ph. " Fiinfter Jahresber. des Ver. 
Natur. Kassel, 8, 1841. = Onustus calculifera, Rve. . 159 


Sinuata (Turritella), Rve. “Conch. Iecon., sp. 62, 1849, . 200 
Sipho (Vermetus), Rousseau. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 4, f. 3, 
upper; Morch, Zool. Proc., 364, 1861. 
= V. Roussei, Vaillant. 
Sipho (Vermetus), Lam. Anim. s. vert., v, 367, 175, 180, 183 
Sipho (Vermetus), ‘“‘ Lam.” Blainv., Dict. Sci., 1828. 


== Thylacodes Masier, Desh. . : . 180 
Siphonata (Vermetus centiquadrus, var.), “Mirch. Zool. 
Proce., pi363,; P61, .-. . 5 - iis 


Siphonium, Gray. Figs. Moll. Anim., iv, 82, : . 164, 183 
Siphonium, “ Browne.” Moérch, Jour. de Conch., vii, 353. 

— Siphoniun, Gray. . : : » Let 
Smithii (Caecum), Cooper. Proc. A. N.S. 1154, 1872. 

= Cecum Cooperi, Smith, : ; ; . 221 


At el 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 951 


PAGE. 
Smithia, von Maltzan. Nachrichts. der Deutsch. Malak. 
Gesell., p. 97, July, 1883, . i : : 192 
Solarinus (Vermiculus), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soe., 171, 
HSo1;. . : 5 A <el8S 


Solarioides (Xenophora), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 8, 1843, lag 
Solaris (Xenophora), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. xii, 1229, . 162 
Solaris (Trochus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, 127. 

= X. Indica, Gmelin. 
Solidissima (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Moreh. Zool. 


Proc... p: 328, 1861, . : : ; Z : A ar 
Soluta (Vermetus subcancellatus, var.), Monts. Il Nat. 
Siciliano, p. 61, . ; é : : 2 


Someri (Brochina, ) de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 56,1867, 216 

Sophie (Turritella), Braz. Proc. Linn. Sinn. Soc. N.S. W., 
vili, p. 227, 1883, : : 5 : é : : . 208 

Spectrum (Turritella), Rve. Conch. posi sp. 40, 1849. 


= T.terebra, Linn., var. . 4 3 ‘ 7195 
Spina (Turritella), Crosse and Fisch. Journ. de Conch., 

p. 347, 1864, : : . 209 
Spinosa (Siphonium suberenatum, | var.), “Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

Palag, 1861, °. 185 
Spinosum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, ii, p. 84, 

Peal. ly. . : , : ; . 222 


Spiralis (Tenagodus), Risso. Hist... p. 115, No. 277, 1826, .. 191 
Spiralis (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Modrch. Zool. 
Proc, p. 328, 1861, . : A 3 ; ; ; ae (id 
Spiratus (Vermiculus), Phil. Archiv fur Naturg., 244, 1836, 187 
Spiroglyphus, Daudin. Recueil, p. 39, 1800, 164, 166, 170, 177 
Spirorbis (Serpula) 3, Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3740. 
= Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, De Serres, var. immersa, 


Morch. 
Spirorbis (Bivonia triquetra, var. ) Méorch. Zool. Proc., p. 

MO ,L862, .. - - - c aie 
Spirorbis (Spiroglyphus), Sowb. “Man., i. 8, : : elie 
Spiruliformis (Spiroglyphus), De Serres. Ann. des Sci., iv, 

eee 6 Ge f2 1855... 177 
Squamata (Siliquaria), Blainv. Dict. des Sci. N lat., t. “49, f. 

213. = S. anguina, Linn. ; ; ; 190 
Squamigerus (Vermetus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 226, 

1865, . : ; 2 - : fe Lil 
Squamosa (Turritella), Borson. —= T. quadricarinata. 
Squamulosa | Siphonium subcrenatum, var.), Méreh. Zool. 

roe, p. lol, 186), .. . 185 


Stephopoma, Moerch. Journ. de Conch. 1860, p. 49 » 164, 167,185 
Stramonite (Spiroglyphus), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soe. Pe 330, 
1861, . : ° 4 5 ‘ . . ° : Un 


252 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Strangulatum (Cecum), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 44, 
1867, : ‘ ~ ong 
Strebloceras, Carpenter. Zool. Proc., p. 440, 1858. 
= §. G. of Cecum, Flem. . : : . 214, 223 


Stoa, M. de Serres. Manales des Seance Nat.. iv, p. 238, 
1855. —Siphonium, Gray,and Spiroglyphus, Daudin, 166, 167 
Striatum (Cezecum), Folin. Fonds der la Mer, i, 49, 170, t. 


Dy pies : : : 3 : : . 220 
Striatus ’(Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit., 
1827. == Cecum trachea, Mont.  . 5 : : . 218 
Strigata (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proce. p. 60, 
Toney aoe ee ae fer ail 
Strigosum (Cxcum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8, f. 5, 
Journ. Linn. Soe. px, 261, : ; . 215 
Suave (Caecum), de Folin. ’ Fonds de la Mer, viii, 1869. : 
Subacuta (Caecum semicinctum, var.), de Folin. Les 
Méléagrin., p. 42, 1867, : 5 : ~ 21 
Subangulata (Turritella), Monts. (not Broce. :) 
oe decipiens, Monts. . : : . 205 
Subannulatum (Strebloceras), de Folin. Zool. Proce: S00), 
ltt) fs ee : . 223 
Subannulatum (Brochina), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p- 
250, t..o9, 1.9, 10; 1869, — : 3 . 218 
Subcancellatus (Vermetus), Bivon. Cat. 12, : : . 172 
Subcrenatum (Siphonium), Lam. Anim.'8. Vert., v, p. 370, 
1818, : ae G19) 
Subdecussata (Siphonium subcrenatum, var. ,; Mirch. “Zool. 
Proc:,p: 158, L861," . 185 
Subflavum (Czecum), "de Folin. Zool. Proc., p- 810, 1879, . 216 
Subgranosa (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Modrch. Zool. 
Proe. ,p. 180, 1861, . : 5 : : : . 188 
Subgranosum (Siphonium), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soce., p. 
165, 1861, . . , ; 5 : . 184 


Subimpressum (Cxecum), Carp. “Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 
320, Zool. Proc., 424, 1858, 5 - : . : - ait 
Subinflexum (Meioceras), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 


NGS; t223, 1.8, ; ; ‘ : . 223 
Subornata (Czecum vitrea, var. r.); de Folin. Fonds dela Mer, 

villi, p. 142, 1869, : : - é . 222 
Subornatum (Czecum leeve, var.), de Folin, Fonds de la 

Mer, 1869, ; . : - ; . 215 


Subquadratum (Cxecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 433, 1858, 216 
Subspirale (Czecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 315, 
Zool. Proe., 419, 1848, : : : : : : . 220 
Subsquamosa (Turritella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 152,. 209 
Suecineum (Cecum),de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 810, 1879, . 216 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 253 


- PAGE, 
Suleata (Czcum) formulosum, var., de Folin. Fonds de la 

Mer, viii, p. 164, 1869, ‘ : ; : : ‘ . 222 
Suleata (Siliquaria), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847. 


= Tenagodus anguinus, Linn. . : de 
Sulcatus (Thylacodes), L am. Anim. S. Vert., i POON, 

Noy 22, 1818, . P : . 180 
Suleatus (Mesali a) Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., ‘1842. 

= M. brevialis, Lam. . s : : : : : . 209 


Sutilis (Bivonia), Mirch. Proe2 Zool Sac. p.. 58) 1862. . 4 
Superbum (Czcum),de Folin. Les Méléagrin. -; DP: 44, 1867, 219 
Suturalis (Mesalia), Forbes. Rep. Ag. Inv. uD: oes 1843. 

= T. brevialis, Lam. - 73, 209 
Suturalis (Vermetus subeancellatus, var), Mirch. Zool. 

Prec. p. 356, 1861, . : : 5 é reas rhe 
Symmetrica (Turritella), Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll. N. 

Zeal. p. 30. = T. tricincta, Hutton, 4 . 209 
Syriacum (Cxecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p- 

114, t. 11, f. 7,8, 1869, : é - : - ; . 222 


Teniata (var. of Tenagodus Australis, Quoy), Mérch. 
Zool. Proc., 406, 1860, ‘ j ; : 5 ; . 189 
Teniatum (Cecum), de Folin. Les .Méléagrin., p. 43, 1867, 219 
Tachyrhynchus, Mirch. Am. Jour. Conch , iv, 46, 1868. 
= Turritellopsis, Sars, — . é : : é : pd 
Tahitensis (Tenagodus), Mérch. Zool. Proc., 410, 1860, . 191 
Tasmanica (Turritella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soe. 
Tasmania, p. 140,1876, . : - 209 
Tasmanica (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., , Sp. 42, 1849, . 203 
Tenagodus, Guett. Mém., 1774, p. 128. 
= Siliquaria, Brug. 
Tenerum (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine 


et Loire, xi, 1869, . : : : . 223 
Tenuis (Thylacodes decussatus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proe., 

p. 85, 1862, ‘ : : is 
Tenuis (Vv ermetus cereus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Pro¢:.p: 302, 

Pool, : : 5 : ed Br 
Tenuisculpta (Turritell: 1), Cpr. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

lli, p. 216, 1865. = T. acicula, Stimp. - : . 207 
Terebra (Turritella), Don. Brit. Shells, t. 29 sila as ext. 

= TT. variegata, Linn. : : ; SY) 


Terebra (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., Mins VIB |) L9H 
Terebra (Turritella), Linn. Fauna Succica, 2171. 

= 1. communis, Risso,’ . See 
Teredula (Siphonium), Mirch. Proc. Zool. Soe. \p 155, 1861, 185 
Teres (Cxzecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., 434,1858, . . 216 


254 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. _@ 


Teres (Vermiculus spiratus, var.), Mérech. Zool. Proce., p. 
175, 1861. 
Teres (Vermiculus lumbricalis, var.), Mérch. Zool. Proc., 


p- 173, 1861, : : : : ‘ - : . 186, 187 
Tetranemia, Mirch. Jour. de Conch., 1858, p. 353. 
= 8. G. of Thylacodes, Guett. . . 166 


Textum (Siphonium), Mirch. Proce. Zool. Soc., p. 159, ‘1861, 185 
Thylacodes, Guettard. Mém., iii, 143, 152, 1774, : . Bae 
Thylacodes, Mirch. Jour. de Conch., p. 48, 13860. 

= Sect. of Vermetus, Adans. . - : . 164 
Tigrina (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coa. Viv, p. 29, t. 4, 1.2, 19a 
Tigrina (Vermiculus ek var.), Mirch. Zool. ELOG:; 


p. 179, 1861, : : : s . 188 
Toreula, Gray. Zool. Proc., “155, 1847, ‘ : - 193 
Torcularis (Turbo), Born. Mus. , 308, t. 13, f. 8. 

= Turritella exoleta, Linn. : . 205 
Torquatum (Czcum), de Folin. ‘Fonds de la Mer, t. 8, f. 

2,3; Jour. Linn. Soc., x, 262, . : 3 : . ~ See 
Tortuosus (Vermiculus), Solander. Portland Catal., p. 184, 

No. 3939, . . , : A - 186 


Torulosa (Turritella), Kien. ‘Teon. Coq. Viv.; p..18; £6, 3, 201 
Tostus (Tenagodus), Mirch. Proe Zool. Soc., p. 405, 1860, 190 
Trachea (Dentalium), Montagu. Test. Brit., ii, p. 497, t. 14, 


f. 10, : d : ‘ - : oie 
Trachea (Orthocer a), Flem. " Hist. Brit. An., p. 237, 1828. 

— Cecum annulatum, Brown, . 4 é P . 220 
Trachiformis (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great 

Brit., p. 124, t. 56, f. 10,1827. = Czcum trachea, Mont., 219 
Tricarinata (Turritella), Brocchi. = T. triplicata, Studer., 197 
Tricarinata (Turritella), King. Zool. Jour., v, 346. 

= T. cingulata, Sowb. ; é . 200 
Tricincta (Turritella), Hutton. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Zeal., 

13,1873, \ . 209 


Tricingulata (Turritella), Anton. Verzeich. der Conch. \p. 61, 209 
Tiicostata ((Xenophora), Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, p. 213- 


214,1807. = X.conchyliophorus, Born. - EGE 
Tricuspe heres Moreh. Proc. Zool. Soc., P 150, 
S61, . 185 
ee (ea ae Folin. ands de t: Mer, : . 299 
Triplicata (Turritella), Studer. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, p- 190, 
1836, : ; : ‘ ; : . 199 
Triqueter (Vermetus), | var. C. Bivona, Nouv. genre de 
Moll., p. 11, 1832. = Dofania gregaria, Monts. 
Triquetra (V ermetus), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 165, 1861. 
= VY. subgranosus, Morch, var. > 4 : - 184 


Se 


ee i a a ee 


we E> 


tle. vt 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 255 


PAGE 

Triquetra (Bivonia), Bivona. Nuov. Gen., 11, 1832, . - 176 
Triquetra “sin eg Quoyi, er Mirch. Zool. Proe. Tk 61, 

1862, . . - 176 
Triquetra (Bivonia " sutilis, var.), “March. Zool. 'Proc., 58, 

1862, . - - : Bae YY 


Trisulcata (Turritella), Lam. Anim. S.  Vert., ix, p. 256, , 201 
Trochicola (Spiroglyphus ee var.), Mireh. Zool. 


Proc., p. 332, 1861, . : : é : : . 178 
Trochiformis (Xenophora). Born. Index Mus. Cees., 355. 
= X. conchyliophorus, Born. . . 161 


Trochlea (Mathilda), Mérch. Mal. Bhitt., Xxii. 165, 1875, . 211 
Trochlearis (Tenagodus), Mirch. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1860, \p. 


408, . . 189 
Tubulosa (Spiroglyphus elomeratus, var. is Mirch. ‘Zool. 

Proc., p. 334, 1861, . - : . 178 
Tubulostium. Btolseska: Pal. Ind., 937, 1 868, : é . 167 


Tugurium, Fischer. Kiener’s Trochids. 450, 1880, . 157, 161 
- Tulipa (Vermetus centiquadrus, var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 


p. 363, 1861, : : 3 : - 175 
Tumidissimum (Meioceras), de Folin. "Annales Soe. Linn., 

Maine et Loire, xi, 1869, . : . 223 
Turboides (Siphonium nebulosum, var 4: Mirch. Zool. Proc., 

p- 162,186], ; : . 184 


Turboides (Serpula), Chieregh. Venez. 1847. 
= Siphonium geederopi, Morch. 
Turboides (Siphonium separ var.), Mirch. Zool. Proc., 


p.161,1861,  . cee” aera mie yee 
Turbona (Turritella), Monts. Ann. del Mus. de Genova, ix, 
p. 420. 1877, : : : - : : ~ it 


Turonius (Thy lacodes), “Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 4, 


£44, . : : - : : . 183 ° 


Turritella, Lamiarck. Prodr. 314, 1799. : 192, 193, 195 
Turritella (Vermetus), R ouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 14, 
io, . : : . ‘ 3 : F : . 188 
Turritellopsis, Sars. Moll. Reg. Arct. Nouv., 186, 1878, . 193 
Tulaxodes, Guett. Mem. iii, pp. 143-152, 1774. 
= Thylacodes, Guett. 


Uncinatum (Czcum),de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 47,1867, 222 
Undatum (Czcum), Carp. is t. 9, f. 1.; Zool. Proc., 430, 


1858, . : : . . . 213 
Undulosum (Meioceras), de Folin. Annales Soc. Linn., 
Maine et Loire, xi, 1869, . - < : : : . 223 


Unguiculata (Siphonium textum,var.),Miérch. Zool. Proc., 
p- 160, 1861, : : : - : : : : - 185 


256 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 
PAGE, 
Ungulina (Vermiculus slahtnke var.), Moreh. Zool. Proc., 
p. Lia, a861,° ; : : ; ; . 187 
Ungulina (Turritella), owe én. Ind. Moll. Skand, 153. 
= T. communis, Risso, . : : cS , : « Lom 


Uneulina (Turritel'a), Linn. Syst. Nat., 12th Edit., p. 1240, 196 
Unicostalis (Vermiculus tortuosus, var.), Moreh. Zool. 
Proc. po 110, 136hy - : : : - : : . 186 


Validum (Czcum), de Folin. Les ae . p- 40, 1867, . 216 
Varia (Turritella), Kien. Spec. Nr., 34, t. ae ie - 209 
Varians (Vermetus),d’Orb. Voy. Amer. ty pl. 54, f; ine 10, 170 
beseech (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Moérch. Zool. Proc., p- 

s1SG22 —. : : : : : a (7 
kee (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 12 ed., p. 1240, . 198 
a ariegatum (Czecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p. 


120, 1869, t. 15, £. 3, 4, : ; 5 : : ; . 222 
Venustum (Czcum), de Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 43,1867, 219 
Veracruzanum (Crecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . 216 
Vermetus, Gray. Gould, Adams, Stimpson, Carpenter (non 

Adanson). = Vermicularia, Lam. . : . ° - 165 


Vermetus, Adanson. Hist. Sen., 161, 1757, é » 1653 hea 
Vermicella (Vermetus), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., v, 3€5, 1818, 173 
Vermicularia, Lam. Prodr., 1799; Syst., 1801, . . 168, 186 
Vermiculus, Lister. Hist. Conch., t. 548, 1688, . : . 164 


= Vermiculus, Lam. : : : : - : - 164 
Vermium (Tubulus), Petiv. Gazophyl. Amb., t. ae fs: 

= Thylacodes Rumphii, Blainv. 3 - . 183 
Vestitum (Cecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, : . 222 
Vicinum (Cecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . : . 222 
Violaceo-fusca (Thylacodes colubrina, var.), Mérch. Zool. 

Proc., p. 72, 1862 : - 180 
Virginiana (Turritell a), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., iii De 259, . 220 
Vitreum (Cxcum), Folin. Fonds de a Mer, 142, : . 222 
Vitreum (Ceecum), Carp. McAndr., Rep. Moll. N. E. Atl, 

Br. Assoc., 1856, : - 215 
Vittata (Turritella), Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll N. Zeal., 

p- 29.1803; - : : : . 208 
Vittulata (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 

48,1848, . . : : . 204 
Volubilis (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Moreh. Zool. 

Proc: ip: bis, :le6k.. : : : . 188 
Volvox ‘(Serpula), Dillw., Dp: 1079, “No. 26. 

= Tenagodus anguinus, Linn. . ; . 196 


Vortex (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var " Mirch. Zool. 
Proc. *p:ie21, Vso, : 3 : : : : « 2a 


 omdy Pathoee al Plas 


{cae beter ie 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Vulcanica (Xenophora), Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, Pe 213- 
214, 1807. =X. conchyliophorus, Born. 


Wageneri (Xenophora), Ph. Ktister, Conch. Cab., 345. 
24 Indicus, Gmelin. ; 5 
Watsonia, Rolin Zool. Proe., 807, 1879. 


257 


PAGE. 


= GT 


eG. of Cecum, Flem. ‘ : . 214, 223 
Weldii (Tenagodus), Tenison-Woods. Proe. Soe. Tasmania, 

1875, p. 144, 19 
Woodwardi (Vermetus renisectus, var. ib Car p- Proe. “Zool. 

poe. p. 316, 1856, :< : : elgg 
Xenophora, Fischer. Museum Demidoff, iii, p. 213, 1807, 

157, 159 
Yucatecanum (Tarritells), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 

ix, p. 93, - : : . 208 
Zaria, Gray. Zool. Proc., ne ES4 eos ; : 193, 207 
Zelandica (Cladopoda, Vermetus), . and G. _ Voy. de 

VAstr., p.293, t. 67, f. 16-17, . 182 


17 


Famity HOLIMIDZ. 


Animal with slender, subulate tentacles and eyes sessile at 
their outer bases, proboscis retractile, invaginate, when extended 
very long, mouth without jaw or radula; foot elongated, pro- 
duced in front, mantle with anterior rudimentary siphonal fold. 

Shell small, generally elongated, subulate or turriculated, 
shining, polished, with spire usually curved or distorted ; aper- 
ture oval, pyriform, entire, with simple lip, the columellar margin 
more or less thickened. Operculum corneous, paucispiral, some- 
times absent. 

This family, together with the Turbinellidz and Pyramidellide 
which follow it inthe present volume of monographs, constitutes 
the division Gymnoglossa of Gray, including proboscidiferous 
mollusks having no radula; the Solariidz and Cancellariidz, also 
originally included therein, have radulz and are otherwise related 
more closely to different groups. 

But little is known of the animals of these little shells; it is 
not certain, but probable that the sexes are separated. They 
creep with the foot much in advance of the head, which is usu- 
ally concealed within the aperture of the shell, the tentacles only 
protruding. They are more or less parasitic on sea-urchins, 
holothurians, etc. The small size of the shells, absence of color 
in most of the groups, and of sculpture, make the discrimination 
of species somewhat difficult. 

The Eulimidze have been monographed by Arthur Adams, 
Thes. Conchyliorum, ii, 793-805. G. B. Sowerby, Reeve’s Con- 
chologia Iconica, xv, 78 species, 1866. 


Synopsis of Genera. 


Genus EULIMA, Risso, 1826. 


Shell imperforate, subulate, many-whorled, polished, porcel- 
lanous, spire usually curved or twisted to one side, bearing on 
one side only, a series of varices forming ribs internally and 
marking the position of successive mouths, apex acute; aperture 
oval, entire, pointed above, rounded below, the lip simple, a little 

(258) 


EULIMIDA. 259 


thickened, columellar margin reflected. Operculum corneous, 
paucispiral, the nucleus near the inner lip. 

Animal with subulate tentacles, approaching at the base, eyes 
large, nearly sessile, foot truncated in front, mentum bilobed, 
opercular lobe winged on each side, branchial plume single. 

Over fifty species have been described, from tropical and 
temperate seas. The genus appeared early in the secondary and 
became abundant in forms during the Tertiary period. 

The foot of Eulima secretes a mucous filament which assists 
to sustain it inthe water. The parasitism of several species has 
been observed. J. distorta lives in the interior of Holothuria 
intestinalis upon the coast of Norway; several species have 
been captured in the intestines of Holothurians at the Philippine 
Islands, and one of them insinuates itself so deeply in the integu- 
ments of the Holothuria that only the summit of its spire remains 
exposed; at New Caledonia they have been observed attached 
to Asterie. 

The synonyms are Pasithea, Lea (in part), 1833, and Balcis, 
Leach,1847. Monterosato has proposed two sections Vitreolina 
and Acicularia, for some of the Mediterranean species. The 
first contains the small vitreous species without internal varices, 
with curved spire and slightly obtuse apex; the second has the 
apex acute, the shell white, the internal varices occasional. 


Subgenus SuputarrA, Monterosato, 1884. 


Shell subulately turriculated ; whorls a little flattened on the 
side, smooth, polished, often ornamented with spiral colored 
bands, a succession of slight varices on each side of the spire, 
not always apparent ; aperture oblong, narrow, entire; inner lip 
thickened, a little sinuous in the middle, outer lip sharp, flexuous. 

I reluctantly use the above name in preference to the better 
known one of Leiostraca, H. and A. Adams, 1853, on account of 
Liostracus, Albers, 1850. 


Section Hatietia, Monterosato, 1878. Animal blind. 


Subgenus Bacuna, H. and A. Adams, 1863. 


Differs from HLulima in having spiral strie, and the columella 
twisted back so as to form an acute angle at the base of the 
aperture. Arcuella, Nevill, 1874, is a synonym. 


260 EULIMIDA. 


Subgenus Apicatta, A. Adams, 1862. 
Shell solid, spire twisted with decidedly mucronated apex, 
aperture oblong. 
Subgenus MucronariA, A. Adams, 1862. 


Shell subulate, straight, often colored, pupoidal, with mu- 
cronate apex ; aperture oval-oblong. 

The distinction between this group and Apicalia is a very 
slight one. 

Subgenus Serma, A. Adams, 1864. 

Shell oblong-ovate, subdiaphanous ; spire short; last whorl 
large; aperture elongately ovate; columella arcuate, obliquely 
subplicate. 

Subgenus Srynirerina, A. Adams, 1860. 

Shell oval-conic, diaphanous, thin, smooth ; whorls numerous ; 
apex mucronate, nucleus sinistral; aperture subquadrangular. 
Parasitic on Asteria and Ophiura. 


Subgenus LamMBertIA, Souverbie, 1869. 

Shell pupiform, white, very smooth, polished; spire mucro- 
nate, cylindrical, the summit mamillated; whorls few; aperture 
semilunar, peristome continuous ; the outer lip sharp, the inner 
lip a little reflected at the base, columella slightly twisted. 
Operculum unknown. 


Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Adams, 1867. 


7, summit mamil- 


Shell small, oval, imperforate, white, shining, 


lated ; lip and columella thick. 
Resembles Macrocheilus in miniature, and is, perhaps, more 
nearly related to Stylifer. 


Subgenus EuLtmopsis, Brugnone, 1880. 


A fossil group; the base concentrically striate, whorls scarcely 
convex, suture distinct, aperture subrhomboidal, lip sinuous, 
columella twisted, base subchanneled. 

E. CarMeL®, Brugn. Pliocene, Sicily. (Struct. and Syst. 
Conch., ii, t. 68, f. 84.) 

Subgenus Iopsis, Gabb., 1873. 


Shell very small, smooth, polished, spire elevated, suture 
nearly obsolete, columella slightly twisted, forming an imperfect 


EULIMID. 261 


basal channel. E. FusiroRMIs, Gabb. Tertiary, West Indies. 
(Struct. and Syst. Conch., ii, t. 68, f. 86.) 


Genus SCALENOSTOMA, Desh., 1863. 


Imperforate, turriculated, surface not enameled, suture mar- 
gined; whorls numerous, the last with carinated periphery ; 
aperture subtrigonal, entire, a little arcuated, columella simple, 
rectilinear, forming an angle at its. junction with the lip, lip 
obliquely, deeply notched near the suture. 

Isle of Bourbon. 
Subgenus SuBevLmMA, Souverbie, 1875. 


Shell much twisted, ‘not enameled, whorls margined at the 
suture and with a series of varices on the right side, as in 
Lulima, last whorl with carinated periphery, but the lip without 
superior sinus. 

New Caledonia. 
Genus NISO, Risso, 1826. 

Shell deeply umbilicated, turriculated, many whorled, polished, 
apex acute; whorls slightly convex, the last with angulated 
periphery, aperture angulated above and below. Operculum as 


in Lulima. 
China, Philippines, W. America. 


Bonellia, Desh., 1838, and Janella, Grat., 1838, are synonyms. 


Section Votusra, A. Adams, 1861. 
Shell longitudinally ribbed. 


Section PALZontso, Gemmellaro, 1878. 


Shell thicker, more dilated at the base, more pupoidal in form, 
lip with a slight posterior sinus. Secondary. N. pupoides, 
Gemm. Lias. 

Genus HOPLOPTERON, Fischer, 1876. 

Shell very small, imperforate, elongate-turreted, shining, with 
obtuse summit; suture linear; whorls continuous, the earlier 
ones smooth, rather flattened, the others bearing on each side a 
long, triangular, wing-like varix ; aperture rounded oval, entire, 
lip simple, sharp. 

China. 

The minuteness of this shell and its bizarre appearance suggest 
that it is embryonic. It is only 1:15 mill. long. 


262 EULIMIDA. 


Genus STYLIFER, Broderip, 1832. 


Imperforate, hyaline, thin, ovoid or elongated, smooth, pol- 
ished; whorls numerous, apex very sharp, sometimes bent, 
nucleus sinistral, last whorl globular; aperture suboval, inner 
lip smooth, arcuated, outer lip slightly sinuous, thin, simple. ‘No 
operculum. 

Body ciliated ; tentacles slender, subulate, with eyes sessile at 
their outer bases; mantle reflected upon and more or less sur- 
rounding the shell, forming a siphonal lobe on the right side; 
foot linguiform, narrow, tubular in front, where it extends much 
beyond the head, attenuated behind, with a median groove below; 
verge sharp, elongated, resembling a tentacle. 

About twenty species are known from warm seas. 

Stylina, Fleming, 1828 (Gray), is a synonym. 

Stylifer is commensal or parasitic in its habits, occurring on 
Echinoderms; some are found in the teguments of Asteria, 
others on the upper face of the shells of Echini, between the 
spines, and generally near the anal opening; S. Orbignyanus 
lodges itself in a spine of Cidaris, which becomes deformed in 
erowth, forming an interior cell containing a pair of Stylifers 
and some young ones, the cell having a small mouth on either 
side; other species are obtained from Holothurians, Comatule, 
etc. 

The species mentioned above, inhabiting the spines of Cidaris, 
appears to be viviparous, but S. Zurtoni, on the contrary, is 
oviparous. Those which live upon the external surface of their 
host are probably commensal rather than truly parasitic. 

How does the S. Orbignyanus obtain nourishment ? 


Subgenus Cyrunis, Carpenter, 1864. 
Imbedded in star fishes like Stylifer, from which it is distin- 


guished by its normal nuclear whorls, and thin concentric oper- 
culum. W. Coast of N. America. 


Subgenus Puicirer, H. Adams, 1868. 


Imperforate, ovately subulate, not shining; spire styliform, 
nucleus sinistral, columella plicate ; lip flexuous, sinuate behind, 
aperture entire in front. Found on coral, at Ceylon; the shell 
resembles Leptoconchus in texture. 


EULIMIDA. z 263 


[Genus ENTOCONCHA, J. Miiller, 1852. 


Shell obovate, smooth; spire short, very obtuse, apex not 
elevated, whorls rapidly increasing; aperture transverse, semi- 
lunar, angulated above, rounded below, width almost equaling 
the height, margins disunited, the columellar margin straight. 
Operculum non-spiral.—E. mirasiits, Muller. 

Found parasitic in Stnapta digitata, one of the Holothuriide, 
at Trieste. A larval mollusk, sometimes referred to the present 
group, but now placed, doubtfully, with the Nudibranchiata ]. 


Genus EUCHRYSALIS, Laube, 1866. 


Small, thin, pupoid, attenuated at its extremities; whorls 
numerous, short, smooth, suture shallow ; aperture long, narrow, 
the lip sharp and thin, columella terminated by an indication of 
a siphon. Silurian—Cretaceous ; Hurope, India. 


Subgenus MitcHe.ttA, de Koninck, 1877. 

Shell elongated, cylindrical-conic, many whorled; aperture 
long, extremely narrow, sinuous, attenuated at its extremities, 
rostrated and prolonged but not canaliculated in front; peris- 
tome continuous, the lips subparallel, outer lip reflected ; surface 
spirally striated. Devonian, Australia. The type is sinistral. 


Genus MACROCHEILUS, Phillips, 1841. 


Shell thick, imperforate, ventricose, aperture effuse below, 
outer lip thin, columella callous, slightly tortuous and plicate in 
front. 

Devonian—Carboniferous. M. ScutotrHemu, d’Arch. (Struct. 
and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f. 91). 

The synonymy includes Polyphemopsis, Portlock ; Plectostylus, 
Conrad ; Macrochilina and Duncania, Bayle, 1879. 


Subgenus PasitHEA, Lea (Restricted), 1833. 

Spire short, last whorl ventricose. Rather more slender and 
cylindrical than the typical Wacrocheilus. M. CLAIBORNENSIS, 
Lea. Eocene; Alabama. 

Genus BOURGUETIA, Desh., 1871. 

Shell large, turreted ; spire long, pointed ; whorls convex, spi- 
rally striated or grooved, last whorl large; mouth oval, angular 
behind, widened and rounded below. B. srriata, Sowb., Jurassic, 


264 EULIMID. 


Genus LOXONEMA, Phillips, 1841. 


Shell elongated, many-whorled ; aperture simple, attenuated 
above, effused below, with a sigmoidal edge to the outer lip; 
spire interiorly septate. 

Like many other paleozoic genera, the bad condition of many 
of the species and the variation in form and sculpture render it 
difficult to place it properly in a systematic work; some of the 
species might go into Turbonillide, others appear closely allied 
to Chemnitzia, and might even be synonymous withit. Michelia, 
Rémer, and Holopella, Sandberger (in part), are synonyms. 
L. cosraTuM, Sandb. (Struct. and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f. 97). 


Genus STROBEUS, de Koninck, 1881. 


Shell small, smooth, spire sharp, of 5-7 convex whorls; mouth 
long-oval, outer lip sharp, inner lip callous, with an anterior fold. 
Dist. 3 sp. Carboniferous, Belgium. 


Genus ORTHONEMA, Meek and Worthen, 1861. 


Shell elongate, many-whorled, with revolving carinz, crossed 
by nearly straight growth-lines ; aperture angular above, slightly 
effuse below, lip simple, nearly straight; axis imperforate. 

Devonian and Carboniferous, United States. 

Allied to Loxonema, but has distinct revolving carinez, and 
wants the sigmoid outer lip of that genus. 


Genus RIGAUXIA, Cossmann, 1885. 

Shell narrowly elongated, nearly cylindrical, spirally striate; 
aperture rounded in front, lip a little sinuous above, inner lip 
thickened behind and separated from the columella in front by 
a groove. Fossil, Bathonian. 


Genus CLIMACINA, Gemmellaro, 1878. 
Shell imperforate, many-whorled, elongated, very finely longi- 
tudinally striated; aperture oval, rounded in front, lip simple. 
C. CATHERINZ,Gemm. Lias. 


Genus SUBULITES, Conrad, 1842. 


Shell fusiform, spire produced; volutions convex, the last 
large; columella bent and truncated at the base, where it is 
separated from the outer lip by a notch as in Achatina ; outer 


ee ee 


EULIMID. 265 


lip very slightly notched near the upper end; surface of shell 
smooth. Paleozoic, United States. 

Bulimella, of Hall (not Pfeiffer); Bulimorpha, Whitfield, 1882, 
and Polyphemopsis, Portlock (in part), are synonyms. 


Genus FUSISPIRA, Hall, 1872. 


This ‘Silurian group, which I have placed in Buccinide, may 
possibly belong here. 
F. ventrRicosa, Hall (Struct. and Syst. Conch., ii, 141, t. 51, f. 50). 


Genus CHEMNITZIA, d’Orb., 1850. 


Shell comparatively large, elongate conical; spire many- 
whorled, the last rather large, somewhat produced below; aper- 
ture ovate, somewhat effuse at base, peristome not continuous, 
outer lip sharp, sinuous at or above the middle, columeUa smooth, 
imperforate ; surface longitudinally striate or costate, sometimes 
decussated, rarely nodular. Secondary and Tertiary. C. con- 
DENSATA, Desh. (Struct. and Syst. Conch., ii, t. 68, f. 96). 

The recent shells known as Chemnitzia, and which were origi- 
nally included by d’Orbigny in his diagnosis of 1839, are referred 
to Turbonilla, Risso; they are smaller, ribbed, and do not possess 
the broad posterior lip-sinus of the fossil group. 


Section CuEMNITzIA (restricted). 

Shell lengthened, with cross ribs; mouth oval, rounded or 
angular in front; spire straight or slightly curved, somewhat 
callous; outer lip sharp. 

Section Ruagppoconc#aA, Gemellaro, 1878. 

Whorls striate or ribbed longitudinally, sometimes punctate 
or tuberculate. 

Section PsrupoMELANIA, Pictet et Campiche, 1862. 

Shell elongated, thick; whorls smooth, with fine curved growth- 
lines; mouth rounded or angular in front; spire straight or 
slightly curved. 

Section Oonta, Gemellaro, 1878. 

Shell penned: smooth, with growth-lines ; last whorl large ; 

mouth oval, rounded in oor spire slightly Sra 


Section Microscuiza, Gemellaro, 1878. 
Shell usually with cross ribs; narrowly perforate; whorls 


266 EULIMA. 


sharp, mostly scalariform ; mouth oval, rounded in front; inner 
lip and spire callously thickened. 


Section Bayanta, Munies-Chalmas, 1877. 


Shell elongated, spire sharp, earlier whorls reticulated, the 
last generally smooth, or feebly sculptured, basal lip subsinuous. 
About twenty Eocene and Miocene species. 


Genus EULIMA, Risso, 1826. 
Section EuLima (sensu stricto). 


EK. eranpis, A. Ad. Pl. 68, fig. 89. 
Solid, opaque; whorls 15, rather flat, with lateral continuous 
varices, last whorl angulated on the periphery. Length, 40 mill. 
Island of Burias, Philippines. 
K. Martini, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 90. 


Whorls numerous, flattened, with varices obliquely impressed, 
obliquely continuous to the apex, last whorl rather angular on 
the periphery. Length, 35 mill. 

China Sea; Singapore. 

Reeve gives S¢. Helena as locality, which requires confirmation. _ 


K. canpipA, Marrat. Pl. 68, figs. 91, 92. 


Whorls numerous, short, somewhat rounded, the varices im- 
pressed forming a continuous oblique line not reaching the apex. 
Length, 44 mill. 

Formosa. 

A stouter species than the preceding, with shorter whorls, not 

angulated on the periphery; the varix-line does not extend to 
the apex. 


E. mAJorn, Sowb. PI. 68, figs. 93, 94. 

Spire more or less curved to the right, often with a sutural 
band, very highly polished, white, sometimes blotched or clouded 
with chestnut or bluish chocolate, varix-line impressed, contin- 
uous. Length, 37 mill. 

Tahiti, Sandwich Is., Mauritius. 

E. arcuata, Sowb. (fig. 94), is a much curved specimen ; inter- 
mediate degrees of curvature are before me. Phasianella inflexa, 
Blainv., is possibly this species. 


EULIMA. 267 


E. Friuexvosa, A. Ad. Pl. 68, fig. 95. 


Whorls 15, flattened, with a semitransparent sutural line, the 


last whorl rounded, aperture broadly oval, outer lip flexuously | 


produced in the middle. Length, 31 mill. 
Hab. ? 
Very close to the preceding species, but the aperture is more 
rounded, and the spire is slightly curved to the left above. 


E. picta, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 98. 

Solid, pyramidal; whorls 11, slightly convex, those near the 
apex white, the last very obtusely angular, painted above the 
angle with an obscure interrupted rose-colored band. 

Length, 1 inch. 
Habitat unknown 
EH. Cumineir, A. Ad. Pl. 68, fig. 96. 

Whorls 13, a little rounded, spire nearly straight, varices 
irregular, impressed, here and there not apparent. 

Length, 35 mill. 

Sandwich, Lord Hood’s and Viti Islands. 


EH. TEINOsToMA, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 97. 


Spire straight; whorls 12, rather flat, with an impressed line 
beneath the suture, somewhat pellucid, last whorl rounded, 
aperture narrow. Length, 1 inch. 

Viti Is. on coral reefs. 

Too close to the preceding species ; appears to be narrower. 


E. uactea, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 99. 


Opaque, solid, nearly straight; whorls rather flat, the last 
subangulate on the periphery, varices impressed, continuous. 

Length, 28 mill. 

Philippines. 

E. BREVIS, Sowb. PI. 68, figs. 1, 2. 

Short; whorls convex, spire acuminated, the apex a little 
turned to the left, hyaline, whitish or pale fawn color. 

Length, 9-19 mill. 


Pacific Ocean, on shells of the Pearl Oyster; Isle Annaa. © 


[ am unable to separate EZ. labiosa, Sowb. (fig. 2), from this 
species, 


268 EULIMA. 


K. PORCELLANA, A. Ad. PI. 68, figs. 100, 15. 


White, opaque, solid, long, narrowly subcylindrical, apex 
slightly curved; whorls flat, the periphery subangulated, varices 


irregular, conspicuous. Length, 1 inch. 
Hab. unknown. 


EH. acuta, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 3. 


Subulate, white, opaque, nearly straight; whorls flat, body- 
whorl long, not angulated, aperture oblong, rather turned back- 
wards in front, outer lip thin, not much curved. Length, 1 inch. 

Isl. of Luzon, Philippines. 

Figured in Conch. Icon. as acuta, Sowb., but that is a much 
smaller species, from W. Coast of Central America, and referred 
to Leiostraca, by Carpenter. 


KE. souipa, Sowb. PI. 68, figs. 5, 4. 


Solid, subulate, curved, distorted, white, suture margined, 
last whorl swollen, somewhat produced obliquely, spire at- 


tenuated. Length, 10 mill. 
Paumotus, Viti Is., Sandwich Ts. 


EL. inflexa, Pease (fig. 4) is a synonym. 


KE. PusILLA, Sowb. Pl. 68, figs. 6, 7. 


Solid, subeylindrical, acuminated, narrow, white; whorls rather 
flat, the last oblong, aperture narrow. Length, 10 mill. 
Vite Is., St. Helena? 
I have from two respectable sources Stylifer acicula, Gould, 
under this name, and as that species has the same outline, it is 
difficult to decide which is the proper identification of puszlla. 
In making my selection, as above, I am compelled to make £. 
extlis, Pease (fig. 7), a synonym. 


E. venusta, Pease. PI. 68, fig. 8. 


Rather solid, vitreous, ashy white, elongate, subulate, very 
narrow, spire very slightly twisted; whorls 9-10, flatly convex, 


distinctly margined at the suture. Length, 6 mill. 
Tahitt. 


Occurs associated with Stylifer acicula, Gld., but is smaller, 
more solid and slender, the spire more curved. 


EULIMA. 269 


E. reTRoRSA, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 9. 


Solid, white, tinged with pale fawn color above, narrow, the 
apex recurved; whorls flat, rather straight, aperture small, oval- 
oblong, outer lip thickened, nearly straight. Length, 11 mill. 

: Tahiti. 

Differs from Z. pusilla only in the slightly recurved apex. 


K. aucur, Angas. PI. 68, fig. 10. 


Rather narrow, white, opaque, solid, apex very slightly curved 
to the left ; whorls 10, rather flattened, suture margined, periphery 


rounded. Length, 12 mill. 
St. Vincent’s Gulf, So. Australia. 
E. proxiMa, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 11. 


Solid, white, opaque, arched backwards; whorls 11, flat, the 
last obscurely angular, suture faintly margined. Length, 15 mill. 
Port Jackson, Austra‘ia. 

E. ARTICULATA, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 12. 

Acuminately pyramidal, white, articulated and marbled with 
chestnut; whorls rather rounded, varices somewhat prominent ; 
outer lip thickened. Length, 23 mill. 

Australia. 

Searcely looks like an Hulima, but the varices indicate its 
position here. 


KE. Tentson, Tryon. Pl. 68, fig. 16. 


Obtusely turreted, slightly curved, translucid, whitish ; whorls 
T, flattened above, penultimate rounded, last subinflated, aperture 
pyriform, the outer lip thin, produced, inner lip reflected. 

Length, 3 mill. 

Tasmania. 

The name is substituted for #. micans, Tenison-Woods, pre- 
occupied by Carpenter. 


KE. conompatis, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 17. 


Shell pyramidal, rather broad below, solid, white, opaque; 
whorls flat, periphery angulated, varices irregular. 
Length, 16 mill. 


Sandwich Is. (Sowerby); Singapore (S. Archer !) 


270 _ BULIMA. 


KE. potyeyra, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 18. 


Pyramidal, straight, narrow, angular at the base, white, 
opaque ; whorls numerous, short, flat, aperture obliquely diamond 
shaped, small, produced at base. Length, 10 mill. 

Isl. Mindanao, Philippines. 
E. conica, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 19. 

Small, white, solid, pyramidal, rather straight; whorls short, 
flat, the last angulated, apex sharp, suture distinct, aperture 
obliquely subquadrangular, outer lip thick, columella rather tor- 


tuous. Length, 5 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 


Differs from the preceding species in the lower part of the 
aperture being acuminated ; it is also more solid, and the whorls 
_ are not quite so short. 


K. mopicetua, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 20. 


White, semipellucid ; whorls 11, flattened, varices continuous, 
last whorl slightly angulated in the middle; aperture oval, outer 


lip anteriorly produced. Length, 6 mill. 
Isl. Zebu, Philippines. 


Appears to be too closely allied to ZL. retrorsa, Sowb. 


K. opaca, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 13. 


Rather straight, subulate, white, opaque, solid; whorls a little 
convex, the last oval; aperture ovate, outer lip thick, nearly 


straight. Length, 12 mill. 
Sandwich Islands (Sowerby). 


Somewhat stouter than 7. pusilla, Sowb. 


KE. PYRAMIDALIS, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 14. 


Shell rather short and stout, nearly straight, white, subpellu- 
cid; whorls 10, scarcely convex, the last rounded; aperture 
small, rather rounded, laterally produced, outer lip thin, pro- 
duced below the middle. Length, 9 mill. 

I. Capul, Philippines (Cuming !); Singapore (S. Archer !) 


~ 


E. cusPipaTA, Reeve. PI. 68, fig. 22. 
Subulate, subventricose, spire straight, apex acuminated ; 
whorls a little convex, the last oval, varices inconspicuous. 


Length, 12 mill. . 
Isl. Zebu, Philippines. 


EULIMA. 271 


KE. rortuosa, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 68, fig. 23. 


Shell solid, white, narrow, tortuous in the middle and at the 
apex ; whorls rather flat, obliquely varicose, aperture small, oval. 
Length, 20 mill. 


China Sea. 
E. sottpuLta, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 68, fig. 21. 


Abbreviately turreted (apex lost), somewhat solid, tortuous, 
varicose ; whorls 9-10, convex ; aperture small ; white. 
Length, 9 mill. 


China Sea. 
K. nitipuna, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 24. 


Shell white, opaque, rather ventricose, straight; whorls 10-11, 
somewhat convex, the last not angulate; aperture oval, outer 
lip slightly curved inwards above. Length, 9 mill. 

Singapore. 

Mistaking this name for nitida, which is preoccupied, Sowerby 
changed it to H. Adamsi. 


EK. SUBANGULATA, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 27. 


Pyramidal, thin, banded here and there with pale yellowish 
brown blotches; whorls flat, the last slightly angulated. 
Length, 20 mill. 
Indian Ocean. 
Closely allied to HZ. hastata, Sowb., from west coast of Central 
America, but narrower. 


E. acurormis, Nevill. Pl, 68, fig. 28. 


Very narrowly elongated, sharp pointed, flexuous, solid, white ; 
whorls 17, cylindrical, varices obliquely continuous, last whorl 
rounded. Length, 10 mill. 

Andaman Islands. 
E. ropusta, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 25. 

Pyramidally subulate, flexuous, apex recurved ; whorls a little 
convex, thie last large, oblique, rounded at the base, suture mar- 
gined; aperture ovate, produced, inner lip thickened above, 
outer lip arcuate ; white, semiopaque. Length, 4-5 mill, 

Japan. 

Figured from an author’s specimen in the museum of the 
Philadelphia Academy. 


272 EULIMA. 


E. munputa, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 26. 


Subulate, twisted, spire laterally curved; whorls 9, a little 
convex, the last large, oblique at base ; aperture ovate, produced ; 
inner lip thickened, outer lip arcuate, scarcely inflexed ; white, 
subopaque. Length, 3 mill. 

Japem 

Figured from an author’s type. 


E. micans, Carp. Pl. 69, figs. 29, 30. 


Straight, white, semipellucid, shining; whorls flattened, the 
last oblong oval; aperture narrowly oval, outer lip somewhat 
straight and scarcely thickened. Length, 9 mill. 

San Diego, Cal. 

I think that EZ. Elodia, Folin (fig. 30), from pearl oysters, 
West Coast of Central America, is synonymous. The figure is — 
greatly magnified. 


E. ceaci~iima, Sowb. PI. 69, fig. 31. 


Very narrow, tortuous, solid, opaque, shining; whorls numer- 
ous, the last oblong, aperture narrow, laterally produced, outer 
lip rather thick, straight. Length, 12 mill. 

. Guatemala. 
E. pagva, Sowb. PI. 69, figs. 32, 33. 

Very minute, white, rather pellucid, arched in the middle; 

apex distorted, last whorl ovate, aperture oval. Length, 3 mill. 
Mazatlan. 

E. adamantina, Folin (fig. 33), from Meleagrine, West Coast 
of Central America, isa species only. 2°5 mill. long oa of similar 
form; it is very probably identical. 


E. supRosTRaTA, Sowb. PI. 69, fig. 34. 


Small, white, narrow, tapering, near the apex arched and 
attenuated ; whorls few, the last oblong and slightly angular; 
aperture oblong, acuminated beneath, columella rather straight, — 
outer lip thin. Length, 5-5 mill. ; q 
Hab. unknown. 
E. ipsa, Folin. Pl. 69, fig. 35. 

Ventricose, spire acuminating and much curved, the apex : 
- somewhat obtuse, crystalline, very shining; whorls 9, somewhat 
convex, the last large, tumidly inflated. Length, 3 mill. 

W. Coast of Centr. America, on Meleagrina. 


EULIMA. 273 


E. opatina, Folin. Pl. 69, fig. 37. 

Rather pyramidal, straight, opaque, opaline, streaked with 
chestnut, spire subacute ; whorls 10, slowly increasing, a little 
convex, the last obtusely angulated in the middle, base contracted, 
aperture subquadrangularly oblique. Length, 3°5 mill. 

W. Coast Central America, on Meleagrina. 


E. proca, Folin. Pl. 69, fig. 38. 


Elongate acuminate, whitish, blotched and triangularly clouded 
with flesh-color, especially below the sutural band ; whgrls 10-11, 


_ somewhat rounded, body-whorl rather long. Length, 33 mill. 


W. Coast Central America, on Meleagrina. 


_ E. gastata, Sowb. PI. 69, fig. 39. 


Rather straight, pyramidal; whorls somewhat flattened, the 
last with angulated periphery ; rosy, brownish above the middle. 

Length, 22 mill. 
St. Elena, W. Coast of Central America. 


E. oLeacea, Kurtz and Stimpson. PI. 69, fig. 36. = 


Subulate, solid, straight or but slightly curved; whorls 12, 
flattened, closely coiled, suture inconspicuous; white, the spire- 
whorls marked in a banded manner with pale brown. 

Length, 6-25 mill. 

New England—North Carolina. 

Animal white, hyaline, its eyes visible through the shell. 

E. conomea, Kurtz and Stimpson. PI. 69, fig. 40. 

Conic lanceolate, white, with 13 flat whorls, the last subangu- 
late, aperture rhomboidal. Length, 9 mill. 

North Carolina to Florida. 

Figured from a specimen which is believed to be correctly 
identified. 


_ E..Jamaicensis, C. B. Ad. Pl. 69, fig. 41. 


Whorls about 10, a little convex, spire nearly straight, suture 
well marked, body-whorl long, rounded, aperture rather narrow. 
Length, 6 mill. 
West Indies. 
E. suscartnata, d’Orb. PI. 69, fig. 44. 
Pyramidal; whorls 8, flat, last one obtusely carinated, suture 
narrowly margined. Length, 3-5 mill. West Indies. 
18 


O74 EULIMA. 


BH. rora, C. B. Ad. Pl. 69; figs: 42: 


Very small, conical, white; whorls few, flat, the last wide and 
angulated on the periphery; apex acuminated and a little curved ; 
aperture subrhomboidal ; outer lip sharp; columella perpendicu- 
lar. Length, 2 mill. 


Jamaica. 
Evidently a young shell. 


E. INTERMEDIA, Cantraine. Pl. 69, fig. 43. 


Rather solid, very smooth, semipellucid, white tinged with 
light chestnut, narrow; whorls 13, flattened; spire subulate ; 
apex acute; body-whorl long, a little tumid, about one-third the 
length of the shell; aperture narrow. Length, 7:5 mill. 

Norway to Mediterranean, Canary Is., N. England to Florida. 

Is E. nitida, Phil. (not Lamarck.) 


E. pouita, Linn. Pl. 69, figs. 45, 46. 


Pyramidal, acuminated, straight, or a little curved, solid, 
opaque, very shining, white, more or less tinged with fawn or flesh 
color; whorls about 10, a little convex, nearly flat, narrow, last 
whorl obsoletely angulated ; aperture small, rather narrow. 

Length, 17 mill. 

Europe. 

Itis Melania Bosci, Payr.; LE. anglica, Sowb.; LE. elegantissima 
and E. glaberrima, Risso; Melania Gervillet, Collard; Turbo 
albus, Donovan. 


Var. INFLEXA, Monts. 
Spire slightly curved. 


Var BREVIS, Requien. Fig. 46. 
Shorter, more conical, periphery obtusely angulated. 
? EL. Petitiana, Brusina and EL. minor, Monts., are synonyms. 


E. rncurva, Renieri. Pl. 69, figs. 48, 47, 51. 


Thin, diaphanous; spire aciculate, composed of 10 nearly flat 
whorls; flexuous, body-whorl long, attenuated below. 
Length, 2°8 mill. 
Hurope. 
The following are synonyms: JL. distorta, Phil., et auct., non 
Defrance (which is a fossil of the Paris basin, and a different 


EULIMA. 25 


species), L. Philippii, Weink. (not Rayn. and Ponzi), #. curvata, 
Chiereg., H. sinuosa, Scacchi. 


Var. GRACILIS, Forbes and Hanby. Fig. 47. 


Larger and scarcely curved. England. 

Monterosato has added vars., ore-rotundato, ore-angusto, devi- 
ans and exilis, the latter subsequently made a species under the 
name of antiflexa (fig. 51). The figure, which is cited with 
doubt by Monterosato, is from Sars, and purports to represent 
£. distorta. 


E. curva, Jeffreys. Pl. 69, figs. 49, 50. 


Spire elevated, composed of 8 or 9 strongly curved, slightly 
convex whorls, suture superficial; hyaline white, translucent. 
Length, 3°4 mill. 
Mediterranean Sea. 
Var. ELoNGATA, B. D. and D. Fig. 50. 


More elongated, the last whorls narrower. 


E. compactitis, Monts. PI. 69, fig. 52. 


Slender, rather thick, semitransparent, whitish ; whorls 7, the 
last one half the total length, suture inconspicuous, aperture 
narrow. Length, 3°75 mill. 

Bay of Biscay to Azores, Mediterranean. 

It is L. obtusa, Jeffreys (figured). 


E. Srauior, Brusina. Pl. 69, fig. 53. 


Slightly curved; whorls 9, flattened, compact, apex rather 
obtuse, body-whorl rounded, aperture small, oblique. 
Length, 4 mill. 
Dalmatia to Madeira. 
EL. Petitiana, Brusina, which I have made a synonym of £. 
polita, var. brevis, is referred to this species by Jeffreys. 


E. ABBREVIATA, Jeffreys. Pl. 69, fig. 56. 


Conical, thin, semitransparent, glossy, minutely striate, ivory 
white, three apical whorls light brown, apex rather blunt ; whorls 
T, a little convex, the last long, rounded; outer lip straight. 

Length, 3°75 mill. 

Atlantic Ocean (Porcupine Exped.). 


276 EULIMA. 


EK. PYRIFORMIS, Brugnone. PI. 69, fig. 54. 


Pyriform ; whorls 9, slightly convex, apex rather acute, body- 
whorl obtusely subangulated, large, outer lip nearly straight, 
white, apical whorls sometimes brown-tinted. Length, 6 mill. 

Bay of Biscay to West Coast of Africa, Mediterranean. 

Some specimens are more or less curved. Described as a 
fossil. According to Dr. Jeffreys #. chaunagxz and perhaps E. 
hians of Watson are synonyms. The characters are the swollen 
shape of the last whorl, the remarkably flexuous character of 
the outer lip, and acuminated apex. 

Var. BIZONATA, with two narrow chestnut bands, one below the 
suture the other at the periphery, both showing on the spire- 
whorls. ; 


K. Fusco-APicaTA, Jeffreys. Pl. 69, fig. 55. 


Slender, thin, transparent, very glossy, microscopically striate, 
periphery sometimes slightly keeled, vitreous, the apical whorls 
chestnut brown; whorls 9-11, narrow, rather convex, outer lip 
remarkably flexuous. Length, 5 mill. 

Bay of Biscay to Cape Verd Is. 
K. Jerrreysit, Tryon. Pl. 69, fig. 59. 


Very slender, thick, transparent, very glossy, periphery more 
or less distinctly keeled, apex obtuse, glassy white; whorls 8, 
compact and flattened, the last about two-fifths the total length ; 
mouth rather small. Length, 5 mill. 

Bay of Biscay to W. Coast of Africa, Azores. 

Described by Jeffreys as H. solida, a name preoccupied by 
Sowerby. 


KH. SUBUMBILICATA, Jeffreys. Pl. 69, fig. 57. 

Short conical, solid, apex obtyse, nearly opaque, white, 
periphery obtusely angular; whorls 5, compressed and somewhat 
rounded, the last two-thirds the total length; umbilicus shallow, 
with a small perforation behind the pillar. Length, 1°25 mill. 

Atlantic Ocean. 

Probably a young shell. 

E. MINuTA, Jeffreys. Pl. 69, fig. 60. 


Club-shaped, thin, semitransparent and glossy, whitish, per- 
iphery rounded, apex blunt; whorls 5—6, the last about half the 


EULIMA. OT 


‘total length; mouth oval, pointed above, outer lip somewhat 
thickened. Length, 2 mill. 

Strait of Messina; Morocco. 
E. GLABRA, Jeffreys. PI. 69, fig. 61. 

Awl-shaped, solid, semitransparent, polished, whitish, tinged 
with brownish yellow, apex blunt, periphery rounded; whorls 8, 
flatly convex, the last half the total length. Length, 3°75 mill. 

W. Coast of Africa. 
E. Acuratis, Jeffreys. Pl. 69, fig. 62. 

Thin, semitransparent, periphery keeled, white, apex sharp; 
whorls slightly convex ; aperture a little pointed below. 

Length, 1-25 mill. 

Mediterranean. 
E. PERMINIMA, Jeffreys. PI]. 69, fig. 63. 

Slender, rather solid, semitransparent, white, slightly tinged 
with yellowish brown on the body-whorl, apex bluntly pointed ; 
whorls 6-7, compressed and compact. Length, 1:25 mill. 

Zetland, Mediterranean. 
E. Gentinomiana, Issel. PI. 69, fig. 64. 


Subulate, very slightly curved, white; whorls 11, flattened, 
suture margined, periphery rounded, apex acute. 

Length, 4 mill. 

Red Sea. 
E. Patvensis, Watson. PI. 69, fig. 58. 

Solid, whorls 7-8; a little rounded, suture slightly margined ; 
transparent white, obsoletely stained with rust color, forming 
indistinct bands. Length, 4 mill. 

Madeira. 
E. DENTIENS, Dunker. PI. 70, fig. 1. 

Thick, white, very shining ; whorls 6—7, a little convex, the last 

half the total length; lip thickened, dilated, obsoletely minutely 


tridentate within, at the base. Length, 8 mill. 
Viti Islands. 


Unfigured and Undetermined Species. 


KE. arrinis, E. contca, E. Gracitis, E. arcuata, C. B. Adams. 

; Jamaica. 
E. nutans, E. eBuRNEA, Muhlfeldt. West Indies. 
E. Breviuscuna, Dunker. Brazil, 


278 EULIMA. 

E. compacta, E. Tuersires, Carpenter. California. 
KE. FUSCOSTRIGATA, Carpenter. Cape St. Lucas, L. California. 
EK. BERYLLINA, EK. NANA, E.CIONELLA, Monterosato. Mediterranean. 
E. microstoMa, Brusina. Mediterranean. 
FE. cARNEOLA, Gould. Japan. 
EK. AcICULATA, Pease. Sandwich Islands. 
E. coyp@A, E. cyLINDRATA, E. GoMpHus, E. HYALINA. 

K. pstua, EH. rascrata, E. cHAscanon, Watson. West Indies. 
KE. EPHAMILLA, KE. oxynLata (Philippines), EH. ACANTHYLLIS (Sand- 


esimes| 


Sakae & 


K. 


wich Islands), EH. ACERRIMA (Cape York, Australia), E. Sa- 
Rissa (Pernambuco), E.LATIPES ( Torres Straits), E. FAMELICA 
(Azores), E. cuyta (Ascension Island), E. cAMPYLA (Cape 
York, Australia), EH. FALLAX (Viti Is.), E. AMBLIA (between 
Marion and Prince Edward Is.), KE. HEBES (Pernambuco), 
E. pissrmiuis (Port Jackson, Australia), HE. EURYCHADA (Cape 
York, Australia), all of Watson (Challenger Exped. Shells). 


. ANGULATA, E. AcIcULARIS, E. CHRYSALLIDA, E. cLAVOLA, H. 


cURVATA, E. DENTALIOPSIS, E. DEBILIS, EH. EBURNEA, HE. FLEXA, 
E. GIBBOSULA, E, INDEFLEXA, E. ODONTOIDEA, E. PINGUICULA, 
KE. PANDATA, E. RECLINATA, E. suBULA, E. scituLA, E. sEMI- 
TORTA, E. STENOSTOMA, E. sTYLATA, E. vauipa, all of A. 


Adams. Japan. 
. Perrerpi, E. LeGRANDI, Beddome. Tasmania. 
. MARGINATA, EH, APHELES, KE, TasMANICA, Tenison-Woods. 
Tasmania. 
. CHATHAMENSIS, Hutton. — Rissoa variegata, Angas. 
. NITENS, EH. AMABILIS, Brazier. Torres Sts., N. Australia. 
. AURANTIA, E. viITREA, Petterd. Tasmania. 
. INCERTA, E. DubrA, Anton. Hab. unknown 
. BIPARTITA, Morch. Sonsonate, Central Ama. 
. Guitpiner, A. Ad. West Indies. 
.Actis, A. Ad. Singapore. 
. INCERTA, d’Orb. Cuba. 


Subgenus Suspurarra, Monts., 1884. 


VARIANS, Sowb. PI. 70, figs. 65-67. 


Narrow, thin, pale fawn color, broadly brown banded, or with 


two narrow bands, or entirely brown. Length, 10-12 mill. 


Xipixapt, Central America. 


_— 


EULIMA. 279 


E. rutitA, Carpenter. PI. 70, fig. 68. 


Thin, glassy, narrow, apex attenuated ; whorls 10, irregularly 
banded and blotched with pale red. Length, 7 mill. 
California. 
E. ELEGANTISSIMA, Folin. PI. 70, fig. 69. 


Pellucid, very shining; whitish, with two pale chestnut, nar- 
row, distant bands and oblique chestnut strigations ; whorls 10, 
rather convex; lip brown tinted. Length, 5 mill. 

W. Coast of Central Ama. 


E. prvittaTaA, H.and A. Ad. Pl. 70, fig. 70. 


Attenuated, pale with two linear approximate chestnut. bands 
in the middle, showing on the spire whorls. Length, 10 mill. 


Sooloo Sea. 
Described by Adams and Reeve as £. bilineata, preoccupied 


by Alder. 


KE. supuLtatTa, Donovan. Pl. 70, fig. 71. 

Narrow, rather thin, semitransparent, yellowish white, with 
three pairs of narrow chestnut bands on the body-whorl, and 
two pairs on the spire whorls, sometimes each pair coalescing 
into a single wider band. Length, 12-16 mill. 

England to Mediterranean. 

It is Strombiformis glaber, Dacosta; H. fasciata, Renieri; 
E. trifasciata, Adams; E. flavocincta, Megerle; EL. Cambesse- 
desii, Payr.; EH. Donovani, Forbes; EL. lineata, Sowb. 

Var. PALLIDULA, Jeffreys. 
Bands of a paler color, and more or less interrupted. 


E. BILINEATA, Alder. Pl. 70, figs. 72-74. 


Like the preceding species, but usually smaller ; with a single 
pair of bands in the middle, and sometimes an obscure band just 
below the suture; upper whorls with a pair or occasionally a 
single band; some specimens have a tawny streak or blotch at 
the base. Length, 8 mill. 

Norway to Mediterranean Sea. 

Scarcely more than a variety of Z. subulata. 


E. BIFASCIATA, d’Orb. PI. 70, fig. 75. 


Acicular, spire sharp pointed; whorls about 12, white, with 
two distant narrow chestnut bands, visible on the spire. 
Length, 6 mill. Cuba. 


980 EULIMA. 


KE. ruLvocincra, C. B. Adams. PI. 170, fig. 76. 


Whorls few, subventricose; whitish, with two interrupted 
chestnut bands. Length, 4 mill. 
Jamaica. 
BE. vincra, AL Ad. (Pl j0; ae Tie 
Subfusiform, thin, pale, with two narrow chestnut lines on the 
middle; whorls a little convex, apex sharp pointed. 
Length, 4 mill. 
Japan. 
The species figured as £. vincta in the Conch. Icon. has no 
authority appended, but as the description corresponds, I sup- 
pose it to be this species. 


EK. Samosnsis, Crosse. PI. 70, fig. 78. 


Highly polished, pellucid white, with obscure, interrupted 
chestnut lineate maculations, and occasional chestnut-tinted 
varices; whorls 10-11, somewhat flattened, margin of aperture 
chestnut. Length, 9 mill. 

Samoan Is. 

This may be a highly colored state of Z. acicula, Gould. 


EK. UNILINEATA, Adams and Reeve. Pl. 70, fig..79. 


Thin, white, with a single narrow peripheral chestnut line, 
appearing on the spire. Length, 12 mill. 
Sooloo Sea. 
HK. Metcatrel, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 83. 
Whorls very few, the last large, oval, subpellucid, white, orna- 
mented with an interrupted chestnut band, and undulating 
oblique lines. Length, 11 mill. 


Sandwich Is. (W. H. Pease). 
KH. nucra, C. 5B; Ad. “Flo 70 hes Sk. 


Semipellucid, white, with a very pale rosy tinge; whorls few, 
straight, the last oval, ventricose. Length, 10 mill. 
Panama. 
KH. acuta, Sowb. | Pl. 70, fig. 82. 
Elongate, subcylindrical, dull white; whorls 12, rather flat- 
tened ; aperture narrow. Length, 8 mill. 
Bay of Montija, W. Coast of Central Am. 
The apex is rather obtuse than acute. 


EULIMA. 281 


E. nivea, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 84. 


White, semipellucid ; whorls a little convex, suture margined, 

columella subtortuous and thin. Length, 7 mill. 
Japan. 

E. pura, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 85. 

White, pellucid ; whorls numerous, short, straight, suture mar- 
gined; aperture narrow, columella rather tortuous. 

Length, 7°5 mill. Japan. 

Narrower than the preceding species. 


KE. pauxinitus, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 86. 


White, pellucida ; whorls short, rather flattened, suture margined, 


aperture short, columella tortuous. Length, 6 mill. 
Japan. 
Judging by the figures, this species ought to be united to 


the preceding. L. clara, A. Ad. (unfigured) is made asynonym 
by Sowerby. 


E. Maria, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 87. 

Whitish, opaque, subeylindrical ; whorls short, rather straight, 
suture distinct, apex obtuse, columella long, rather straight. 

Length, 10 mill. 

: Japan. 
E. Manzonrana, Issel. PI. 70, fig. 88. 

Subulate, smooth, very shining, white, apex acute; whorls 8, 
planulate, the last attenuated at the base; aperture small, 
narrow. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. 
E acutisstma, Sowerby. PI. 70, figs. 89, 90. 


Pellucid, white, very thin, acuminated; whorls 8, slightly 
convex, the last large; aperture narrow, columella long, rather 
straight. Length, 9 mill. 

Sydney, Australia. 

I consider £. Lesbia, Angas (fig. 90), a synonym. 


E. Peaser,Tryon. Pl. 70, fig. 91. 


Small, white, pellucid, short, somewhat arched and depressed 
in the middle ; whorls few, suture margined; aperture expanded 
below. Length, 4°5 mill. 

Sandwich Islands. 

Appears from the figure to be more like a true Hulima. 


2829 EULIMA. 


Described by Pease as LE. distorta, a name preoccupied by 
Defrance. 


K. actcuna, Gould. Pl. 70, figs. 92—95. 


Transparent white, blotched and obsoletely margined at the 
suture with pale fawn color, highly polished; whorls short, 
rather straight, numerous. Length, 8-9 mill. 

Fiji and Sandwich Is. 

Described as a Stylifer, and may possibly belong to that 
genus. The synonyms are JL. aciculata, Sowb. (fig. 93), £. 
pyramidalis, Sowb. (fig. 94), and H#. vitrea, A. Ad. (fig. 95). 


K. ATTENUATA, Sowb. PI. 70, fig. 97. 


Elongated, subcylindrical, narrow, semipellucid, white, faintly 
banded at the suture; whorls 13, flat, the last oblong, apex 
mucronate ; aperture narrow, outer lip produced in the middle, 
subemarginated beneath, columella oblique. Length, 13 mill. 

7 Viti Is. 

Probably only a large form of the preceding species. 


KE. HEMPHILLIT, Dall. PI. 70, fig. 96. 


Slender, subulate, brilliantly polished ; whorls 9-10, flattened, 
suture inconspicuous ; dark chocolate brown to blackish, with a 


lighter stripe at the suture. Length, 3 mill. 
Cedar Keys, Fla. 
A beautiful little species, remarkably colored. 


Section Harretia, Monts., 1878. 


KE. sTENOSTOMA, Jeffreys. Pl. 70 fig. 80. 
Thin, white, semipellucid; whorls very slightly convex, the 
last subangulated in the middle, aperture narrow, columella 


long, vertical. Length, 6°5 mill. 
Norway— Mediterranean. 


—— 


Unfigured Species of Leiostraca. 


E. cLAVELLA, E. n1xa, KE. niTIpA, E. LANcEATA, KE. Leacuu, E. 
LABIATA, EK. TURGIDULA, E. TANTILLA, H. LEPIDA, E. SPICULUM, 
KB. ARIEL, BK. Titanta, E. OBERon, E. Constant, EH. CAsTA, 
KE. LENTIGINOSA, E. HASTATA, E. suBuLINA, E. Miranpa, E. 


me — rs 


EULIMA. 983 


METULINA, E. PISTILLUM, E:. cRYSTALLINA, E. pusinua, E, 
pyGM@A, E. pusio, HE. exiaua, HE. Nana, HE. pumina, E. 
PICTURATA, E. CONSPURCATA, E. BIZONA, EH. CIRCUMCINCTA, 
KE. BIFASCIALIS, H. THNIATA, E. BALTEATA, HE. GRACILENTA, 
E. CINCTELLA, E. CINGENDA, HE. INTERRUPTA, HK. TANTILLA, E. 
CRASSULA, HE. INQUINATA, HE. sciTuLA, EH. spreTA, HK. HUMILIS, 


all of A. Adams. Japan. 
E. Monrrouziert, Souverbie. N. Caledonia. 
E. JEFFREYSIANA, Brusina. Adriatic Sea. 
E. onycuina, Folin. (Desc. and Fig. not accessible 

to me.) West Indies. 


Subgenus Bacuna, H. and A. Adams, 1863. 
E. miririca, Nevill. Pl. 70. fig. 98. 


White, shining; whorls 15, very narrow, tortuous, closely, 
minutely, spirally striated; columella bent backwards below ; 
aperture striate within. Length, 8 mill. 

Ceylon. 
E. strrata, H. and A. Adams (unfigured). China Sea. 


Subgenus ArrcatrA, A. Adams, 1862. 


The distinctions between Apicalia and Mucronalia are slight. 
The type species of the present group is unfortunately unfigured, 
and the two additional species appear to me rather to belong to 
Mucronalia, the spire being straight. 


EK. Houipsworrtu!, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 99. 


Thin, polished, ashy white, light brownish towards the apex, 
suture distinct, with a subpellucid, narrow margin; whorls 10, 
convex, apex styliform. Length, 6 mill. 


Ceylon. 
E. Guntuert, Angas. Pl. 70, fig. 100. 


Thin, subpellucid, shining, horn colored; whorls 7, narrowly 
shouldered below the suture, the last large, inflated, scarcely 


angulated at the periphery, apical whorls wanting. 
Length, 14 mill. 


New South Wales. 
KE. aippa, A. Ad. (unfigured),. Japan. 


984 EULIMA. 


Subgenus Mucronaria, A. Ad., 1862. 


E. GRACILIS, Pease. PI. 70, fig. 4. 


Solid, polished, shining, white; whorls 7, convex, with deep 


suture. Length, 4 mill. 
Tahiti. 
Resembles somewhat in form Apicalia Giintheri, Angas. 


KE. NITIDULA, Pease. PI. 70, fig. 2. 
Solid, shining ; whorls well rounded, stained with brown, apex 


oe? 
white, mucronate, aperture small, columella short, rather twisted. 

Length, 4 mill. 
Sandwich Is. 

EK. SUBPELLUCIDA, Pease. Pl. 70, fig. 3. 

Short, ventricose, thin, lower part of body-whorl semitrans- 
parent; whorls few, spire straight, suture narrowly margined, 
last whorl obscurely angulated on the periphery, varices few, 


indistinct. Length, 20 mill. 
Tahiti. 


In this species the columella is somewhat drawn back below, 
making the aperture a little oblique; the tenuity of the body- 
whorl below the angle is the most distinguishing feature. 


K. MucRonaATA, Sowb. PI. 70, fig. 5. 


Cylindrical, pellucid, narrow, with seven flat whorls and three 
additional apical ones which are suddenly contracted, mucronate, 
suture margined, aperture narrow, columella oblique, slightly 
tortuous. Length, 10 mill. 

Port Jackson, Australia. 
E. SANDWICHENSIS, Sowb. PI, 70, fig. 21. 

Ventricose, thin, white, opaque; whorls few, convex, the last 
rounded, opaque below. Length, 16 mill. 

Sandwich Islands. 
HE. oBesuLA, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 6.° 

Ventricose, rather transparent, tinged with pale rose-color; 
whorls few, convex, rapidly increasing. Length, 9 mill. 

Ins. Bohol, Philippines. 
K. rosea, Pease. PI. 70, fig. 7. 
Conical, solid, rosy-brown ; whorls 7, rounded ; aperture rather 


round. Length, 5 mill. 
Sandwich Is. 
More conical in shape than £Z. nitidula. 


aw 


ee eee 


EULIMA. 985 


E. rutvescens, A. Ad. Pl. 70, fig. 11. 


Small, hyaline, light brown, ventricose; whorls few, rounded ; 
apex mucronate ; aperture a little laterally produced. 

Length, 4°5 mill. 
! Ins. Labuan. 
E. Cateponica, Morelet. Pl. 70, fig. 10. 


Shining, smooth, polished, rather solid, whitish, more or less 
stained with light fawn-color; whorls 7-8, slightly convex, a 
little curved, suture submargined, apex sharply mucronate. 

Length, 6 mill. 

New Caledonia, Viti Is. 
£. obesula is larger, with more rounded whorls; H. rosea and 
E£. fulvescens have more convex whorls and the spire is straight. 


E. SuRVENTRICOSA, Sowb. PI. 70, fig. 13. 


White, short, rather solid, oval; whorls few, inflated ; aperture 
oval, short, outer lip thin. Length, 6°5 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 
E. Minporoensis, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 70, fig. 8. 


Whitish, thin, short, ventricose ; whorls few, inflated, the last 


‘large, oval, aperture rather oval, columella slightly tortuous. 


Length, 9 mill. : 
Philippines. 

It has been extensively distributed from the Viti Islands under 
the name of #. brevicula, Dunker. I do not know whether this 
name has been published. 


E. Bicincra, EH. exiiis, E. pacrea, E. susuwa, all of A. Adams. 
Japan. 
Subgenus Serma, A. Ad., 1864. 


E. succinroua, A. Ad. 


Elongately oval, thin, rimate, subdiaphanous, corneous, tinged 
with chestnut-color, spire short ; whorls 34, scarcely convex, the 
last large; aperture oblong; inner lip chestnut-stained, with a 
spiral, chestnut-colored plica, outer lip simple. 

Japan. 

This, the only species, is unfigured. No dimensions are given. 


286 EULIMA. 


Subgenus Styiirerina, A. Adams, 1860. 


Adams writes concerning this group :— 


The genus Hntoconcha of J. Muller, which is parasitic on 
Sinapta, also lias “the columellar margin straight;’”’ but the 
form is described as being very different from Styliferina, there 
being almost no spire, and the aperture being transverse and 
semilunar. I have never seen a specimen of Hntoconcha, which 
is also said to be operculate. My shells were, unfortunately, in 
the case of both the species, dredged dead, though perfect. I 
examined dozens of the blue Asterinz that came up with them, 
but found no parasite, nor was I more fortunate with Spatangi 
or Clypeasteres. 

In describing ZH. callosa, Mr. Adams places the group in Litio- 
pide ; Dr. Fischer and myself have continued to regard it as a 
member of the present family. 


E. ortHocHIna, E. Gconocuina, A. Adams (unfigured). Japan. 
E. cattosa, A. Adams (unfigured). Gulf of Suez. 
E. rurrita, Carpenter (unfigured),. California. 


Subgenus LAMBERTIA, Souverbie, 1869. 


FE. MontrouzieEri, Souverbie. P:. 70, fig. 15. 


Pupiform, thin, very smooth, polished, translucent, white, with 
very numerous milk-white lineolations ; whorls 5, convex, rapidly 
enlarging, apex short, styliform, mamillary. Length, 10 mill. 

New Caledonia. 

Described from a single specimen. 


Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Adams, 1867. 


E. Japonica, A. Adams. PI. 70, fig. 16. 


Rather solid, globose, short, spire produced, attenuated, 
acuminated, last whorl globose, aperture rather short, acuminated 


below, columella tortuous, rather solid. Length, 6°5 mill. 
Japan. 
E. GhABRATA A Ad P10 nel, 


Small, white, polished, spire with few whorls, the last one 
elongated, columella rather straight. Length, 11 mill. 
Japan. 


NISO. 287 


E. sEmistRiATA, A. Ad. Pl. 70, fig. 17. 
White, partially very finely spirally striated; whorls 4, the 
last ovate, oblong. Length, 12 mill. 
Japan. 
Subgenus ScaLEenostoma, Desh., 1863. 


KE. cARINATA, Desh. PI. 70, fig. 14. 


White ; whorls 11, the earlier ones a little convex, subsequently 
planulate, the periphery carinate, base convex. Length, 13 mill. 


Isle of Bourbon. 
KE. APIcuLATA, Souverbie. PI. 70, fig. 18. 


White, translucent; whorls 13, rather convex, the last only 
showing a strong peripheral carina. Length, 7:5 mill. 
New Caledonia. 
E. Rana, Folin. Pl. 70, fig. 20. 
Yellowish; whorls 12, smooth, periphery carinate. 
Length, 2°7 mill. 
——— Panama. 


E. Desuayesit, A. Ad. (unfigured). Gulf of Suez. 


Subgenus SusBeuLmmA, Souverb., 1875. 
E. LAMBERTI, Souverb. PI. 70, fig. 19. 


Shell much curved, consisting of twelve whorls, with carinated 
periphery, the upper whorls with fine spiral strie, soiled white. 
Length, 19 mill. 
New Caledonia. 
On the right side are varices as in the curved: species of 
Lulima ; in fact this appears to be simply a Scalenostoma with 
curved spire. 


Genus NISO, Risso, 1826. 
N. SPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 24. 


Solid, smooth, whitish purple, interruptedly brown-banded on 
the periphery, above and below the suture,-and surrounding the 
umbilicus; whorls numerous, suture and varices impressed and 
edged with brown. Length, 1:5 inches. 

S. Elena, W. Co. of Central America. 


288 NISO. 


N. MARMORATA, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 21. 
Solid, whitish tessellately marbled with chestnut; whorls 
rather convex, the last rounded. Length, 23 mill. 
Philippine Islands. 


Whitish, shining, with linear chestnut truncated spots at the 
varices, sometimes obsolete; whorls numerous, the last with 
angular periphery. Length, 19 mill. 

West Coast of Central America (Cuming). 

Dunker includes it in his Japanese list (Moll. Mar. Jap., 89). 


N. BRUNNEA, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 25. 


Solid, chocolate brown; whorls convex, the last slightly angu- 
lar on the periphery, and paler on the angle, umbilicus small. 
Length, 17 mill. 
Isl. of Hanan, China Sea. 
N.agonrostoma, A. Ad _ PI. 71, fig. 26. 
Solid, pale fawn-color, with a wide light chestnut-colored 
band; whorls numerous, short. Length, 20 mill. 


Isl. of Burias, Philippines. 


N. TEREBELLUM, Chemn. PI. 71, fig. 27. 


Solid, fawn-color, paler at the suture and around the umbilicus ; 
whorls numerous, short, a little convex, umbilicus. surrounded 
by a keel. Length, 23 mill. 


Nicobar. 
N. canpiputa, A. Ad. PI. ‘1, fig. 28. 


Solid, white ; whorls short, rather convex, umbilicus moderate, 
columella arched. Length, 23 mill. 
Philippines. 
N. SANDWICHENSIS, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 29. 
White, solid, last whorl broad, angular ; umbilicus small, round, 


aperture acute below. Length, 8 mill. 
Sandwich Islands. 
N. aGLeEEs, Bush. PI. 71, fig. 39. 


Thin, semitransparent, smooth, shining; whorls 12, suture 
indistinctly defined by a dark chestnut line; above and below 
this there is an indefinite band of yellowish white, becoming 
gradually yellowish, light brownish or purple-brown towards the 
middle of the whorls, periphery angulated, umbilicus margined 


HOPLOPTERON, STYLIFER. 289 


‘by a chestnut line, margin of aperture also chestnut-colored, at 


irregular intervals the whorls are somewhat obliquely crossed 


by chestnut lines. Length, 7-5 mill. 


Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 


N. rriimeata, Morch (unfigured). Guinea. 
N. optusa, Anton (unfigured). Hab. unknown. 


Section Vouusi4, A. Ad., 1861. 


N. musricata Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 31. 


Whitish, longitudinally striated and lineated with red ; whorls 
voneave above the periphery—which is subangular. 


Length, 19 mill. 
St. Hlena, W. Coast of Central America, 


Genus HOPLOPTERON, Fischer, 1876. 


H. Terquemi, Fischer. PI. 71, figs. 33-35. 


Minute, thin, white, translucent, shining; whorls 7, the first 
four smooth, minutely flexuously striated, the others developing 
a long wing on either side. Length, 1:15 mill. 

China Sea. 

A section of this singular shell shows it to be similar to 


Lulima as to its interior. The fighres represent different stages 
of growth. 
Genus STYLIFER, Brod., 1832. 


S. Stimpsonit, Verrill. Pl. 71, fig. 37. 


White, swollen, spire short, rapidly enlarging ; whorls 4-5, the 
last very large, smooth, a slightly impressed revolving line just 
below the suture. Length, 3°75 mill. 


George’s Bank, Block Island, off Coast of New Jersey, on Echini. 
S. Turtoni, Brod. PI. 71, figs. 32, 36. 


Subglobose, spire small, acuminated, produced ; whorls angular 
above, the last very large; outer lip very sinuous. 
Length, 4°5 mill. 
Northern Europe to Canary Is., on Echini. 
This species is found near the anal opening of its host, and 


Dr. Jeffreys was therefore of opinion that it derived its nourish- 
19 


290 STYLIFER. 


ment from the excrement of the urchin, and that its suctorial 
proboscis, and the absence of a radula or jaw supports this view. 

It is Phasianella stylifera, Turton, S. astericola, Brown, and 
S. globosus, Johnston. 


S. astericoia, Brod. PI. 71, fig. 38. 


Ovate globose, spire short, acuminated ; whorls few, the apical 
ones minute, lip sinuously produced above. Length, 10°5 mill. 
Galapagos Isl., on Asterias helianthus. 
_S. Broderipii, Adams, is a synonym. 


S. ovorpEvs, H. and A. Adams. PI. 71, fig. 39. 


Subglobose, spire moderately produced; whorls convex, the 
apical ones very minute; aperture pyriform, outer lip slightly 
compressed above, sinuously produced. Length, 11 mill. 

Borneo, on an Asterias. 

This is S. astericola, Ad. and Reeve, not Brod., but I really 
can see no valid differences between this and the two preceding 
species. 

S. OrpiaNyANus, Hupé. PI. 71, fig. 40. 

Short, ovate, inflated, pellucid, very shining, yellowish white ; 

whorls 7, well-rounded, with deep suture. Length, 6 mill. 
Australia. 
Found imbedded in the deformed spire of Cidaris imperialis. 


S. puprA, Baird. Pl. 71, fig. 41. 


Shell globose, spire produced, pyramidal, acuminated, apical ; 
whorls attenuated. Length, 6°5 mill. 
New Caledonia. 
S. Mirrret, Petit. Pl. 71, fig. 42. 
Very smooth, pellucid, yellowish white; whorls 7-8, rounded, 
suture profound. Length, 11-5 mill. 
os Seas (Mittre.), Polynesia (Pease 
I have received from Mr. Pease, under his MS. name of Muero- 
nalia tumida, a shell which I refer to this species. 


S. EBURNEUS, Desh. PI. 71, fig. 43. 


Ivory-white, very shining, polished; whorls 9, the first two 
cylindrical, the others very convex, with deep linear sutures. 


Length, 10 mill. 
Isle of Bourbon, 


STYLIFER. 291 


S. ApicuLAtus, Souverbie. Pl. 71, fig. 44. 

Thin, very shining, translucent, subhyaline white, apex milky ; 
whorls 10, very convex, with deep sutures, the five superior ones 
slowly increasing, the others rapidly, thinly subobliquely striu- 
late. Length, 11°5 mill. 
New Caledonia. 
S. Braziert, Angas. PI. 71, fig. 47. 

Smooth, pellucid, white, polished; whorls 6, flattened just 
below the suture, which is finely, callously margined, apex 
styliform. Length, 4 mill. 

Port Jackson, Australia. 
S. Cumineranus, Adams. PI. 71, figs. 48, 46. 


Spire acuminated, apex styliform; whorls numerous, the last 
inflated ; aperture short, the columella rather straight. 
Length, 12 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 
S. pYRAMIDALIS, Reeve (fig. 46), figured but not described, and 
no locality given, appears to be very similar. Deshayes 
ascribes to it a shell from the Isle of Bourbon. 


8. supuLaTus, Brod. & Sowb. Pl. 71, figs. 49, 50. 
Whorls 9-10, the superior ones styliform, afterwards rounded, 
suture linear, lightly impressed. Length, 15°5 mill. 
West Indies. 
S. bulbiformis, Sowb. (fig. 50), is probably a synonym. 
S. speciosus, H. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 57. 


Hyaline, spire attenuated and styliform above and somewhat 
twisted, lower whorls inflated, somewhat straight-sided ; aperture 
short, columella rather straight. Length, 16 mill. 

Mauritius. 
S. Barront, A. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 51. 

White, shining, semipellucid, apex mucronate; whorls 7, con- 
stricted, angulated above, longitudinally obliquely striated. 

Length, 6°5 mill. 

Hab. unknown. 

Found on a tropical asterias; evidently deformed. 


S. eExaratus, A. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 52. 


White, shining, semipellucid ; whorls a little convex, trans- 
versely sulcate, longitudinally lightly striate, suture impressed, 


292 STYLIFER. 


apex mucronate; aperture subeffuse at base, the lip sinuous, the 


margin thickened and expanded. Length, 19 mill. 
Philippines. 
S. CORALLINUS, Chemn. PI. 71, fig. 45. 

White, subulate, very smooth, thin, pellucid ; whorls about 12. 

Length, 16 mill. — 

West Indies. 
S. supaneutatus, A. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 53. 

White, shining, semipellucid, apex mucronate, twisted ; whorls 
numerous, a little convex, with transverse elevated lines, the 
last with subangulate periphery. Length, 18 mill. 

West Indies. 

Morch describes a var. abbreviata. 

S. THomast4, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 58. 


Attenuated and suddenly contracted towards the apex, last 
whorl obtusely angular; aperture obliquely subquadrate, colum- 
ella rather straight, acuminated below. Length, 21 mill. 

St. Thomas, W. I. 
S. ATTENUATUS, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 55. 

Very narrow; whorls numerous, the last one subangular on 
the periphery, apex a little twisted. Length, 16 mill. 

St. Thomas, W. I. 
S. Pautucoi#, Fischer. Pl. 71, fig. 54. 


White, smooth, shining, semipellucid ; whorls 11-12, the em- 
bryonal ones laterally deflexed, the others subrotund, suture 
lightly impressed. Length, 10 mill. 

Red Sea. 
S. DEFORMIS, Pease. PI. 71, fig. 56. 

Thin, smooth, shining, pellucid, white, indistinctly longitudi- 
nally striated; whorls 6-10, convex, suture narrowly margined, 
last whorl swollen. Length, 12 mill. 

Paumotus. 

Pease writes: “scarcely two specimens agree in shape,” a 


lesson to the species makers. 


S: rastiaratus, A. Ad. Pl. 71, fig. 59. 


Slightly perforated, spire acuminated, apex attenuated and 
obliquely bent; whorls numerous, rather convex, the last large, 


round, aperture narrow. Length, 19 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 


$ 


STYLIFER. 293 


S. sonipus, A. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 60. 


Subulate, rather solid, opaque; whorls numerous, the apical 
small, tortuous; aperture rather short, acuminated below. 
Length, 12°5 mill. 
Hab. unknown. 
S. Tasmanicus, Tenison-Woods. PI. 71, fig. 61. 


Milky-white, pellucid, smooth, shining; whorls 7, convex, 
suture impressed. Length, 4 mill. 
Tasmania. 
Figured from a specimen. Is it not rather an Eulima? 


Unfigured Species. 


S. curta, Verrill. Off Martha’s Vineyard, 410 fms. 
S. BrycHina, Watson. So. Atlantic. 
S. coMATULICOLA, Graff. Mediterranean. 
S. LoppER# and S. rogustus, Petterd. Tasmania. 
S. Rosustus, Pease. Sandwich Is. 


Subgenus CyruniA, Carp., 1864. 


S. ASTERTAPHILA, Carp. (unfigured). Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal. 
S. ruMEns, Carp. (unfigured). Mazatlan. 
S. aLBiDA, Carp. Southern California. 


Subgenus Puicirer, H. Adams, 1868. 
S Nevinu, H. Adams. PI. 71, fig. 62. 


Thin, semiopaque, whitish, suture distinct; whorls 63, styli- 
form at the apex, the rest irregularly flexuosely striate and 
spirally lirate ; columella callous, spirally plicate ; lip profoundly 
sinuated behind. Length, 3°5 mill. 

Ceylon. 


Famity PYRAMIDELLIDE. 


Shell turriculated, composed of numerous whorls, with long 
spire, the apex heterostrophe; aperture entire, the outer lip 
generally sharp, the columella with one or several plications. 
Operculum corneous, paucispiral, with excentric nucleus, the 
columellar margin sinuated. 

Animal with flattened, ear-shaped tentacles channeled outside 
towards their extremity, connate at the base; eyes sessile, 
immersed at the inner sides of the base ; proboscis long, retrac- 
tile, coming from an orifice situated immediately below the base 
of the tentacles; veil distinct, elongated, entire or divided in 
front reaching to the anterior margin of the foot; foot truncated 
or sinused in front, extending far beyond the head, attenuated 
behind. Probably carnivorous, but the lingual teeth are want- 
ing, or rudimentary. 

No zoological characters of importance separate this family 
from the Turbonillidz ; the distinction is mainly one of conve- 
nience, the present group containing those shells, usually larger, 
having two or more columellar plications (only one in Syrnola), 
the Turbonillidz being composed of minute shells having a single 
small plication, or without any. 

The heterostrophe and turned-over summit of the spire is one 
of the most remarkable features of the shell, a character found 
in few other families of mollusks. In the animal the presence of 
a mentum or veil is also a curious feature. It is developed below 
the mouth, and may be derived from the conjunction of buccal 
tentacles, or perhaps represents the propodium, as in Natica. 
The genus Pyramidella and its subgroups contain all the living 
species of the family, and a few fossils, cretaceous and tertiary ; 
the other genera are exclusively fossil. ‘The Pyramidellide 
present subjects of much interest to the students of extinct 
mollusca ; numerous forms, bearing all the aspect of being mem- 
bers of this family occur. . . . Many of them are gigantic 
compared with existing species, and the group, as a whole, may 

(294) 


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+ 


ha kee erptiats 


tee 


PYRAMIDELLIDA, 295 


be regarded rather as appertaining to past ages than the present 
epoch.” —FoBBEs. 

Pyramidella and Obeliscus have been monographed by : 

Kiener, Coquilles vivantes, 6 species. 

Arthur Adams in Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, ii, 53 
species. 

Reeve, Conch. Icon., xv, 45 species, 1862. 


y Synopsis of Genera. 
Genus PYRAMIDELLA, Lam., 1799. 


Shell turriculated, of many whorls, longitudinally ribbed or 
smooth ; aperture semioval, entire, rounded in front, the columella 
straight, with anterior strong plications, outer lip sharp, often 
plicate within. 

Inhabits tropical seas. Fossil, cretaceous and tertiary. 


Subgenus PyRAMIDELLA (sensu stricto). 


Shell smooth—typically with perforated axis. P. DOLABRATA, 
Linneus. 

Obeliscus (Humphrey, 1797), Moérch, 1852, is a synonym. 
Section Loncuaus, Morch, 1874. 

Shell imperforate, last whorl with a median sulcus. P. 
PUNCTATA, Chemn. 

Section Trirptycuus, Mirch, 1874. 

Shell subulate, spirally paucilirate, aperture lirate within, sub- 
sinuated in front, columella triplicate. P. Nivea, Morch. 
Section Amoura, de Folin, 1873. 

Shell subeylindrical, elongated, with feeble longitudinal ribs 
and two spiral cords; last whorl concentrically striated at the 
base ; columella biplicate. P. ANGuLIFERA, Folin. 

Section TipertA, Jeffreys, 1875. 


Shell very small, umbilicated, columella biplicate. P. nrrrpuna, 
A. Ad. 


Subgenus OropiEurA, Fischer, 1885. 


Shell oval, turriculated, pupiform, with longitudinal ribs; 
aperture oval, subchanneled at the base of the columella; colu- 


996 PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


mella with several plications, lip thickened, often expanded. P. 
AURIS-CATI, Chemn. 

This is the restricted Pyramidella of H. and A. Adams and 
most of their successors; the smooth shells which Lamarck 
designated by that name, being generally known as Obeliscus. 
The erroneous application of these names has become so well- 
established that I confess I follow Dr. Fisher with some relue- 
tance in his correction of the errors. 


\ Subgenus Syrnona, A. Adams, 1860. 


Shell small, subulate, polished; whorls flattened, suture well 
marked ; columelia with a single plication, outer lip simple. 

The Syrnole are small, slender Pyramidellids, with a single 
columellar plait. P. @Racitiina, A. Ad. 


Section Acataa, A. Ad., 1860. 


Shell oval acuminated; spiral plication very strong. P. Aus- 
TRALIS, Angas. 


Section Amatuis, A. Adams, 1861. 


Aperture dilated, rounded in front, acute behind. Possibly 
synonymous with Agatha. P. virco, A. Ad. 


Section Oscttta, A. Adams, 1867. 

Shell solid, ovate or pyramidally turreted, imperforate; whorls 
strongly spirally lirate; aperture oval or subquadrate, with a 
strong, transverse, median parietal plication. P. ANNULATA, A. 
Ad. 

Section Orina, A. Adams, 1870. é 

Shell conoidal, profoundly umbilicated; whorls flattened, 
smooth; aperture subquadrangular, with a single columellar fold. 
O. pinauicuLa, A. Ad. 


Section Enusa, A. Adams, 1861. 
Shell subulate, turreted ; whorls longitudinally plicate; aper- 
ture ovate, columella with a single plait, outer lip lirate within. 


P. SUBULATA, P. TERES, A. Ad. 


The above groups are all founded on Japanese species, mostly 
unfigured ; the characters appear to be unimportant. 


en eg ee ee ee 


te etadng 


a 


PYRAMIDELLID. 297 


Subgenus Curysatnipa, Carpenter, 1857. 


Shell small, pupiform, generally cancellated ; peristome con- 
tinuous, edge of lip simple, columella profoundly but distinctly 
plaited ; operculum (in the typical species) radiately corrugated. 
West Coast of America, Japan, West Indies. P. communis, C. B. 
Ad. 

This group might be equally well placed in Odostomia. 


Section Mormuta, A. Ad., 1863. 


Subulately turreted, rissoid, solid, thick, longitudinally plicate ; 
aperture large, columella spirally tortuous, lip thickened within, 
margin acute. P. Rissormna, P. acuis, A. Ad. 

Lancea, Pease, 1867, is a synonym. 


Section Strynopryema, A. Ad., 1860. 


Shell pupiform, subpellucid; whorls a little convex, with 
transverse grooves; aperture subquadrangular, lip dilated, colu- 
mella obliquely plicate above. P. srytina, A. Adams. 


Subgenus AcTHoPyRAMIs, Fischer, 1885. 


Shell elongate, imperforate, subconical ; whorls numerous, with 
spiral strive, sometimes cancellated; aperture oval-elongated, 
rounded in front ; columella with a strong spiral fold. P.srriata, 
Gray. 

The name is substituted for Monoptygma, Gray, 1840, preoc- 
cupied by Lea, 1833. These shells recall the genus Actexon by 
their form and sculpture, and may possibly include some of the 
small groups Myonia, Kleinella and Leucotina of A. Adams, now 
arranged with that genus. 


Section Mumtota, A. Adams, 1863. 


Shell thin, elongate or ovate; whorls convex, cancellate or 
granulose; aperture ovate, the lip-margin regularly arcuate. P. 
SPIRATA, A. Adams. Philippines. 


Section Careropsis. Moérch, 1874. 


Shell turriculated, having the form of Carelia Cumingii. P. 
STYLIFORMIS, Morch. West Indies. 


258 PYRAMIDELLID®. 


Genus SYRNOLOPSIS, E. A. Smith, 1880. 


Shell subulate, smooth, imperforate ; aperture broadly sinuated 
at the base, outer lip sinuous, slightly thickened, furnished far 
within with one or two prominent liree, columella with a distinct 
plait. Operculum unknown. §&. Lacustris, Smith. Lake .Tanga- 
nyika, BE. Africa (fresh water). 

The systematic position of this group is very uncertain : being 
lacustrine, Dr. Fischer has included it with doubt in the Hydro- 
biinee, but the characters of the shell (the apex is eroded) ap- 
pear to me to be closer to the present family. 


x * x 


Genus NERIN AA, Defrance, 1825. 


Shell elongated, many-whorled, nearly cylindrical; aperture 
channeled and produced in front, with plications within the outer 
lip and on the columella. About 150 species, Jurassic and Creta- 
ceous. N. Trinoposa, d’Orb., Struct. and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f. 

0; N. rracaes, Desh., Ibid. t. 68, f. 13. 
Section NeRIn@A (sensu stricto). 

Folds simple, two or three on the columella, one or two within 
the outer lip; axis solid or perforated. 

Section NERINELLA, Sharpe, 1850. 

Columella solid, folds simple, one on the outer lip, and one or 
none on the columella. 

Section TrocuatiA, Sharpe, 1850. 

Columella perforated, with one fold, outer wall simple, or 
thickened, or with one simple fold. 
Section Pryamatis, Sharpe, 1850. 


Columella solid or perforated, usually with three folds; outer 
wall with one to three folds, some of them complicated in form. 


Subgenus Hatoysta, Briart and Cornet, 1878. 

Shell elongated, turriculated ; whorls numerous, axis widely 
umbilicated; aperture rounded or subquadrangular, columella 
biplicate. 

N. Bipuicata, Br. et Corn. Struct. and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f. 14. 
L. Eocene of Mons, Belgium. 


<< 


PYRAMIDELLA. 299 


Subgenus Cryproptocus, Pictet and Campiche, 1854. 


Shell like Nerinzxa, but without columellar or labral plaits ; 
there is one plication on the posterior face of the aperture (as in 
some Cerithiums) ; aperture rounded in front, without channel ; 
axis umbilicated or imperforate; 7 species, Jurassic and Cre- 
taceous. Hurope. 
N. MONILIFERA, d’Orb. 


Subgenus Aptyxis, Zittel, 1873. 


Shell turreted, nearly cylindrical, imperforate ; whorls numer- 
ous, not embracing; aperture lengthened subquadrangular, 
without plications, the columella with a fold-like thickening. 

The synonyms are Pachystylus, Gemmellaro, 1878, and Apty.rt- 
ella, Fischer, 1885. The latter name was given because of 
Aptyxis, Troschel, 1868—which, however, is a synonym. 

A. sexcosTaTa, d’Orb. Jurassic. 


?Genus SOLENISCUS, Meek and Worthen, 1860. 


Shell fusiform, smooth, body-whorl contracted below into a 
distinct canal, columella with a single oblique plait. 
8. rypicus, Meck. ‘ Carboniferous, Jllinois, 


Genus PY RAMIDELLA, Lam., 1799. 
Typical Group. 
P. venTRIcosA, Guerin. Pl. 72, figs. 63-65. 

Slightly striated longitudinally, the last whorl ventricose ; 
yellowish white with irregular light chestnut undulating longi- 
tudinal stripes, more or less intensified into revolving bands; 
columella triplicate. Length, 1-25 inches. 

Viti Islands, Vanikoro, Singapore. 

Besides the type, I figure a white variety. P. scitula, A. Ad. 
(fig. 65), is only a younger state of this species. 


P. cincta, Reeve. PI. 72, fig. 66. 


Smooth, white, with a broad central chestnut zone, appearing 
on the spire whorls; columella triplicate, perforation narrow. 
Length, 20 mill. 
Philippines. 


300 PYRAMIDELLA. 


P. rasticium, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 67. 


White, polished, narrowly umbilicated, last whorl large, obso- 
letely angulated on the periphery ; columella triplicate, outer lip 
strongly plicate within. Length, 18 mill. 

Isl. of Bohol, Philippines. 
P. peRFORATA, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 68. 

Widely and deeply umbilicated, white, polished, with a spiral 
pale chestnut band ; whorls flattened, the last large, subangulate 
on the periphery. Length, 16 mill. 

St. John’s, W. I. 
P. BALTEATA, A. Ad. "Pl. 72) fe. Go: 

Umbilicated, white, shining, with a chestnut band, the whorls 
flattened, the last one subangulated on the periphery, columella 
biplicate. Length, 6°5 mill. 

Isl. Mindanao, Philippines. 
P. pusitna, A. Ad. Pl. 72, fia: 70: 

White, perforate, apex obtuse; whorls rather flattened, suture 
deep, last whorl subangulate ; columella biplicate. 

Length, 4°5 mill. 

Luzon, Philippines. 
P. DOLABRATA, Linn. PI. 72, figs. 71-74. 


Umbilicated, smooth, white, with three or four narrow chest- 
nut spiral lines on the body, and two on the spire-whorls; outer 


lip often lirate within. Length, 1-14 inches. 
West Indies. 
Strombus columella, Meusch., is a synonym. 


Var. SUBDOLABRATUS, Morch. 
Shell thin, shortly conical, last whorl inflated, lip without 


ridges. Runs into the type form. 
West Indies. 
Var. TEREBELLUM, Mull. Fig. 73. 


Whorls somewhat less convex, bands a little wider and choco- 


late colored. 
Sandwich Islands, Viti Is., Mauritius, Red Sea. 


Usually known under the name of the next variety, with 
which it is probably synonymous. 


Var. TEREBELLOIDES, A. Ad. Fig. 74. 
More slender than the last variety, columella with two instead 
of three plicz ; whorls with two or three slim chestnut lines. 
Length, 1 inch. Polynesia. — 


PYRAMIDELLA. 301 


P.puLcHELiA, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 75. 


Shell polished, yellowish white, with a sutural chocolate band, 
appearing on the periphery of the last whorl; columella with 
two plications. 

Red Sea, Japan. 

Described as having a single plication on the columella, which 
would place it in Syrnola, but a second plica is more or less 
developed. 

Section Loncnaus, Morch, 1874. 


P. acus, Gmel. PI. 72, figs. 76-78. 


Polished, white, with dark chestnut or chocolate spots, usually 
arranged in three revolving series on the spire whorls and five 
series on the body; columella three-plaited, the upper plait largest, 
lip sometimes lirate within. Length, 1:25-2 in. 

Polynesia, Mauritius, Red Sea. 

It is P. punctata (Chemn.), Moreh; P. guttata, Link, and 
P. maculosa, Lam. The peripheral groove becomes in this, as in 
most of the other species of the section, either obsolete or 
indicated by a slight angle. 


PesuneaTaA, A. Ad. Pl. 72, figs. 79-83. 


White, nebulously longitudinally strigate with pale orange- 
chestnut, frequently breaking up into revolving series of dots; 
aperture channeled at the aperture, columella three-plicate. 

Length, 1-1°5 in. 

Sandwich Is., Philippines, Australia, Mauritius, Red Sea. 

Adams has used for this species a MS. name given it by 
Nuttall; P. tessellata, A. Ad. (fig. 80), is founded on a younger 
slimmer individual; P. monilis, A. Ad. (fig. 81), represents a 
faded specimen of the same form and age, and P. teres, A. Ad. 
(fig. 82), is from a still younger, faded specimen. All these 
forms, and the intermediates, are represented in the series before 
me. I am inclined to place here also, P. Pratii, Bernardi (fig. 
83), a specimen from unknown locality, having the characters of 
coloration and basal sinus of P. sulcata, but with a deeper per- 
ipheral groove and angle than usual. 


P. rurrita, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 84, 85. 


Fulvous, obsoletely maculated with a deeper tint; whorls 


302 PYRAMIDELLA. 


flattened, suture deep, crenulated, frequently whitish, last whorl 
with a distinct median sulcus, aperture produced in front. 
Length, 22 mill. North Australia, New Caledonia. 


The shell which is figured in the Thesaurus Conchyliorum as 
P. gracilis, Brocchi (fig. 85), appears to be very similar to this 
species; the true P. gracilis is a Turbonilla and = 7. lactea, 
Linn. Issel identifies a Red Sea species with the figure of 
gracilis in Kiener, but recognizes the distinction of that figure 
from Brocchi’s species, and calls it P. Kienere. 


P. CuEemnitziana, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 86. 


Narrowly elongated, white ; whorls numerous, rather flattened, 
with angle at the suture, and on periphery of last whorl, aperture 
small, columella two-plaited. Length, 9 mill. 

Viti Is. 
P. Garrett, Tryon. PI. 72, fig. 87. 

Whorls flattened, yellowish, with chestnut colored nebulous 
longitudinal strigations, suture channeled, last whorl with a per- 
ipheral sulcus; columella three-plicate, the upper fold very 
strong, lower ones approximate and more oblique. 

Length, 15 mill. Vili Islands (Garrett). 


P. contca, C. B. Adams. PI. 72, figs. 88, 89. 


Whorls flattened, with deep Beenie suture, which is some- 
times slightly crated periphery also ahaimeted® fulvous, 
faintly banded with darker color; aperture produced below, 
columella triplicate. Length, 13-15 mill. 

Florida, Panama, Mazatlan, Cape St. Lucas, San Diego, Cal. 

Described from Panama; P. variegata, Carp., from Cape St. 
Lucas, etc., also answers to the description perfectly. I have 
received the same species from Sarasota Bay, Fla., under the 
erroneous name of P. tessellata, Ads. It was dredged there in two 
fms. water by Mr. Henry Hemphill. 

P. hastata, A. Ad. (fig 89), from St. Elena, W. Columbia, is 
another synonym; it is included by Mérch in his West Indian 
catalogue as a synonym of P. candida, Meuschen. 


P. CANALICULATA, Sowb. PI. 78, fig. 90. 


Whorls flattened, yellowish, banded and spotted with chestnut, 
with fine longitudinal white raised strigations, appearing like low 


ph 


PYRAMIDELLA. 303 


rounded riblets, with occasional darker maculations, especially 
on the base, suture and periphery channeled ; aperture channeled 
at the base, columella straight, three plaited. Length, 15 mill. 

Sandwich Islands. 
P. AcHATEs, Gould. PI. 73, fig. 91. 

Shell pupiform, with obtuse apex and elongated aperture ; 
light fulvous, with pale chestnut maculations in revolving series ; 
suture and periphery channeled ; columella triplicate. 

Length, 12 mill. 

W. Coast of Mexico. 

P. clavulus, A. Ad., is a synonym. 


P. JucunpA, Angas. PI. 73, fig. 92. 


Smooth, shining, white, with two chestnut bands on each 
whorl, three on the body-whorl, suture impressed, ‘“ columella 
with a prominent twisted fold encircling the pillar.” 
Length, 6 mill. 
Port Jackson, Australia. 
According to the description this would be a Syrnola, but the 
figure shows two columellar folds. 


P. Paumorensis, Tryon. PI. 73, fig. 93. 


Shell thin, smooth, hyaline, white, upper whorls suddenly taper- 
ing to an acute apex, base slighty produced; whorls 9, convex, 
suture margined; columella slightly callous, with two oblique 
plaits, the lower one most conspicuous, the upper smaller and 
deep-seated. Length, 10 mill. 

Paumotus and Society Islands. 

The form of the spire and position of the plice indicate for 
this species a distinct section of the genus. It much resembles 
Agatha Australis, Angas, in the lower plication. Described as 
P, hyalina, Garrett; I have changed the name on account of P. 
hyalina, Dunker. 


Unfigured Species of Pyramidella and Loncheus. 


P. virrea, A. Ad. (Described as a Syrnola, but afterwards made 


an Obeliscus = Pyramidelia). Japan. 
P. TRIFASCIATA and P. EBURNEA, A, Ad. Japan. 
P. so.ipa, Sowerby. Tranquebar. 


P, Tasmanica, Petterd. Tasmania, 


304 PYRAMIDELLA. 


P. roseA, Hutton. New Zealand. 
P. minuta, Phil. Red Sea. 
P. sururALIs, Maltzan. Ins. Gorée, W. Africa. 
P. Froripanus, Morch. West Indies, | 
P. picotor, Menke. California. 


Section Triptycuus, Morch, 1874. 
P. nivEA, Morch. PI. 73, fig. 1. 


White, slender; whorls flattened, each with three spiral ribs, 
the two upper ones nodulous, body-whorl with two plain ribs below 
the nodulous ones, and three revolving ridges below the periphery, - 
forming columellar folds; aperture produced below. 

Length, 8°5 mill. 

Key West, Fla.; West Indies. 

P. vincta, Dall,isa synonym. The shell is scarcely a Pyra- 
midella—the sculpture and plications are different. 


Section Amoura, de Folin, 1873. 


P. ANGULIFERA, de Folin. (Description inaccessible to me.) 


Section Tigeria, Jeffreys, 1875. 
P. n1iripuLaA, A. Adams. PI. 73, fig. 96. 


Deeply umbilicated, small, white, often banded, smooth; 
whorls few, rather flat, suture impressed, columella two-plaited. 

Length, 4 mill. 

Japan, Mediterranean Sea, Cape Verd Is., West Indies. 

These localities are all abundantly confirmed. Dr. Jeffreys — 
writes: “I have carefully compared my ‘ Porcupine’ and Medi- 
terranean specimens with those from Japan and Corea, which I ~ 
received from the late Mr. Arthur Adams and my friend Capt. 
St. John, and I cannot detect the slightest difference between 
any of them in shape, colored band, umbilicus or dentition of © 
the pillar” (Zool. Proc., 364, 1884). Dr. Jeffreys considers the — 
following synonymous: 

P. minuscuLA, Monts.; P. MEpITERRANEA, Monts.; P. SUBFAR- 
cINATA and P. TrIncta, Watson; P. LzviuscuLa, Jeffreys (not S. 
Wood); P. extuis (var.), Jeffreys. a 


PYRAMIDELLA. 805 


Subgenus Oropieura, Fischer, 1885. 
P. auris-cati, Chemn. Pl. 73, fig. 95. 


Smooth, white, longitudinally ribbed, ribs ending in nodules 
at the sutures, with spiral rows of chestnut spots, interstices of 
the ribs spirally striated. Length, 75-1 inch. 

Philippines, Mauritius. 

The synonyms are P. spiralis, Wood, P. plicata, Lam. 


P. nopicincta, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 100. 


White, with spiral rows of chestnut spots; whorls angulated 
above, with longitudinal ribs produced into nodules at the angles; 
lower part of body-whorl pitted, forming a sort of network be- 
tween the pits. Length, ‘75-1 inch. Philippines. 

I think this will prove to bea variety of the foregoing species. 


P. mitratis, A. Ad. Pl. 73, figs. 94, 97, 2, 3. 


Whitish, clouded and indistinctly banded with pale brown ; 
whorls rather convex, longitudinally ribbed, slightly angulated 
at the suture, interstices spirally striated. Length, 15-18 mill. 

Philippines, Taheiti ; Mauritius, Red Sea. 

P. propingua, A. Ad. (fig. 97), P. vARIEGATA, A. Ad. (fig. 3), 
and P. MaGnirica, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 2), appear to be syno- 
nyms. 

P. aians, Reeve. PI. 73, fig. 98. 


White, with a narrow chocolate band above and below the 
suture, the lower half of the body-whorl chocolate colored, longi- 
tudinally closely ribbed, the interstices spirally striated. 

' Length, 12 mill. Philippines. 

Possibly only a variety of the foregoing species. 


SermimipA, A. Ad. Pl. 73; fig. 99. 


Oral, shining, white, sometimes marbled with pale chestnut ; 
longitudinally flatly ribbed, interstices pitted. Length, 7:5 mill. 
Philippines, Viti Is. 

P. conruGatTa, Lam. PI. 73, fig. 4. 

White, with small sparse yellow spots near the suture, longi- 
tudinally plicate, the interstices spirally striated; columella 
three-plaited. Length, 23 mill. 

Isle of France (Coll. Lamarck). 


A doubtful species ; looks like a fossil. 
20 


306 PYRAMIDELLA. 


Subgenus Syrnona, A. Adams, 1860. 
P. ELEGANS, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. T. 


Subperforate, longitudinally and spirally striate, apex very 
acute ; fulvous, with a chestnut line on the periphery and suture; 
suture channeled ; whorls flat, periphery obtusely angulated. 

Length, 9 mill. 

Singapore. 
P. BRuNNEA, A. Ad. PI. 73, figs. 9, 8. 

Solid, narrow, yellowish brown; whorls 15, flatly convex, 
aperture ribbed within. Length, 15 mill. 

Japan. 

This species is figured twice in the Conch. Iconica, first under 
the above name, and again as P. fulva, Sowb. (fig. 8), with 
brunnea, A: Ad.,as a synonym; Mr. Sowerby being under the 
impression that his figures represent different species, and that 
Mr. Adams had described them both as brunnea, whereas the 
latter only described brunnea once. 


P, ATTENUATA, A. Ad. PI..73; fig. 5. 
Slender, whitish, shining, finely spirally striated ; whorls flat- 
tened, suture profound. Length, 11°5 mill. 
Ins. Bohol, Philippines. 
P. Apams!, Tryon. PI. 73, fig. 6. 
Subulate, polished, smooth, orange-brown; whorls numerous, 
flatly convex, suture deep; lip lirate within. Length, 10°5 mill. 
Ins. Bohol, Philippines. 
For Obeliscus aclis, A. Ad. Preoccupied by himself in section 
Mormula. 


P. actcunaTA, A. Ad. PI. 73, figs. 10, 11. 


Slender, fulvous white; whorls numerous, convex, flattened in 
the middle, longitudinally substriate, suture deep. 

Length, 12°5 mill. 

Ins. Cagayan, Philippines (Cuming); Viti Is. (Garrett). 

Described as an Obeliscus, and afterwards placed in Syrnola. 
Sowerby, who includes both in his Pyramidella, apparently 
supposes them to be distinct species, and changes the name of 
the one to P. denticulata (fig. 11). If his much enlarged figure 
is accurate, this is probably a distinct species, 


ee 


PYRAMIDELLA. 307 


P: crocaTa, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig, 12. 


Solid, smooth, yellowish brown; whorls rather flat, suture 
impressed, periphery rounded. Length, 4 mill. 


Japan. 
P. agractziima, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 13. 


Slender, yellowish white ; whorls flat, the last obtusely angular 
at the periphery. Length, 4 mill. 


Japan. 
P. cinctenna, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 14. 


Smocth, white, with a chestnut line at the periphery and above 
the suture; whorls 9, slopingly, flatly convex. Length, 10 mill. 
Japan. 

Ryerniaroca, A. Ad. Pl. 78, fig. 15. 

Whitish, subpellucid; whorls 8, slopingly convex, spirally 
striated ; aperture lirate within. Length, 6 mill. 

Viti Is, 
P. ornata, Gould. PI. 73, fig. 16. 

Narrowly cylindrical, smooth; yellowish white, with a chest- 
nut line on the periphery and above the suture; whorls numerous, 
convex. Length, 6 mill. Coral Sea. 

According to Sowerby S. columnella, A. Ad. (unfigured), is a 
synonym. 


P. CYLINDRELLA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 17. 


Narrowly subcylindrical, whitish, with a chestnut line on the 
periphery, appearing above the suture on the spire; whorls 
numerous, rather flat, a little swollen near the impressed suture. 

Length, 4 mill. 


Japan. 
eeeorinA, A: Ad. Pi. 73, fig. 19. 


Smooth, white, with a spiral chestnut peripheral line, showing 
above the suture; whorls 9, flatly convex, suture impressed ; 
aperture a little expanded in front. Length, 5 mill. Japan. 

A little wider than P. cylindrella. 


P. mopica, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 20. 


Narrowly cylindrical, obtuse, white with pale bands and a 
chestnut line above the suture; whorls 9, flattened, suture 
impressed, Length, 4 mill. Japan. 

Appears to be more narrow than P. cylindrella. 


308 PYRAMIDELLA. 


P. seROTINA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 21. 


Narrowly subcylindrical, white, with a chestnut line above the 
suture and on the periphery ; whorls 7, the last long, suture 
well-impressed ; plication far back. Length 3°5 mill. 

Japan. 
P. minuta, H. Adams. PI. 73, fig. 22. 

Subulate, tumid in the middle, rather solid, polished ; whitish, 
with a chestnut line above the suture and at the periphery; 
suture impressed; whorls 10, flattened; columellar plication 


conspicuous, transverse. Length, 4 mill. 
Orotava, Teneriffe. 
Appears precisely like P. serotina, except that the plica is 
stronger. 


P. susuLiIna, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 23. 


Tapering, pointed, smooth. whitish with a chestnut line above 
the suture and at the periphery; whorls numerous, slopingly, 
flatly convex. Length, 4 mill. 

Japan. 
PP; Smirai, Tryon:: “P13; fie. 18; 

Narrowly elongated, polished, white; whorls 11, plano-convex, 

with a diaphanous band below the suture; columella with a 


small plait. Length, 6°5 mill. 
Whydah, W. Africa. 


Described by Mr. E. A. Smith as S. gracillima, preoccupied 
by A. Adams. 


P. tIncTAa, Angas. PI. 73, fig. 24. 

Rather solid, smooth, shining, whitish, irregularly banded and 
marked with brown; whorls 103, flatly convex, suture deep; 
columellar plait rather prominent. Length, 6 mill. 

Port Jackson, Australia. 
P. sonipuLa, Dkr. PI, 73, fig. 26. 

Rather solid, yellowish white; whorls 7, somewhat flattened ; 
lip lirate within, columella short with a strong plica. 

Length, 5 mill. Japan. 


Var. FASCIATA, Jickeli. 


Upper whorls with a single chestnut line, two lines on the 
penultimate and three on the body whorl. 
Red Sea. 


PYRAMIDELLA. 309 


f,HYADINA, Dkr. PI. 73, fig. 25. 

Whitish, hyaline, smooth, polished ; whorls somewhat convex, 
suture deep; lip quadrilirate within, columella uniplicate and 
sinuate above. Length, 5:5 mill. 


Japan. 
Unfigured and Undetermined Syrnole. 

P. BUXEA, Gould. Japan. 
P. BiraAscIATA, Woods. Tasmania. 
P. BIZONALIS, P. DHDALA, P. LAcTEA, P. MERA, P. PISTILLUM, 
P. TERETIUSCULA, all of A. Adams. Japan. 

P. suBuLA, Gould. China Sea. 
P. tucipa, A. Ad. Red Sea. 
P. renurscuLpra, Lischke (figure inaccessible to me). Japan. 


Section AcarHa, A. Ad., 1860. 


P. AustRALIS, Angas. PI. 74, fig. 27. 


Acuminately ovate, rather thin, opaque, whitish; whorls 8, 
slightly convex, suture a little channeled ; columella with a strong 


spiral plait. Length, 8 mill. 
Port Jackson, Australia. 


Section Amatuis, A. Ad., 1861. 


P. virco, A. Adams (unfigured). Korea Strait; 46 fms. 


The following species are added by Mr. Adams, all of them 
unfigured and from Japan: 


P. propucta (Odostomia) and P. peLLucipA, P. EBURNEA and 
P. coNcINNA, described as Menestho. 


Section Oscrina, A. Ad., 1867. 


P. anNULATA, A. Adams. PI. 74, fig. 28. 


Whitish; whorls numerous, flattened, spirally ribbed, the 
interstices longitudinally striated; columella with a single 
posterior plication, lip subcrenulated, interior lirate. 

Length, 5 mill. 

Philippines; Singapore; Japan, 


310 PYRAMIDELLA. 


P. rigaTA, Angas. PI. 74, fig. 29. 


Rather thin, rosy-white, spiral ribs prominent; whorls 6; 
outer lip simple, columella with a small transverse plait. 
Length, 2 mill. 


Botany Bay, Australia. 


Unfigured Species. 
P. wiraTA, P. suncata, P. cincuLata, P. circinaTa, all of 
A. Adams. Japan. 
P. ZIZIPHINA, P. EXARATA, Carp. Mazatlan. 


Section Orina, A. Ad., 1870. 


P. pincurcuLa, A. Ad. (unfigured). Gulf of Suez. 
P. PYRAMIDALIS (Syrnola), A. Ad. (unfigured). Japan. 


Section Exusa, A. Ad., 1861. 
P. supuLtATA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 30. 


Umbilicated, apex mucronate, smooth, pellucid, whitish, some- 
what shining; whorls plano-convex, strongly longitudinally 
costate, interstices punctate ; columella uniplicate in the middle, 
aperture produced and subchanneled below. Length, 9°5 mill. 

Philippines; Japan; Red Sea. 
P. gracitis, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 31. 


Whitish, shining, with a chestnut line above the suture, and 
on the periphery of the last whorl; whorls flattened, distantly 
longitudinally costate, interstices smooth. Length, 9 mill. 

Philippines; Japan; Red Sea. 
P. Ruppettt, Jickeli. Pl. 74, fig. 32. 


Subrimate, rather solid, white, a little shining, longitudinally 
elegantly plicate, lightly impressly spirally striate; whorls 11, 
planulate, scarcely submargined above; lip slightly sinuate 
above, columella callously thickened. Length, 12 mill. 


Red Sea. 
P. meTULA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 33. 


Whitish, apex a little obtuse; whorls 10, planulate, closely 
regularly longitudinally ribbed, the interstices spirally striate ; 
lip and columella thickened, the latter with a median plica. 

Length, 13 mill. Philippines. 


PYRAMIDELLA. $11 


P. Kress, Morch. PI. 75, fig. 13. 


Yellowish or brownish, shining, closely costate, and spirally 
punctate in the interspaces, the costz becoming broader at the 
suture, and evanescent on the last whorl, suture with a wide ash- 
colored band; aperture Clausiliform, constricted above, inner 
lip thick, the columellar plication oblique, wide. 

St. Thomas, W. I. 
Var. prnauis, Morch. 


Shell more solid, with more strongly marked cost. 


P. ELEGANS, d’Orb. PI. 76, fig. 14. 


Thin, white, longitudinally costate ; whorls 9, subscalariform, 
angularly convex and spirally striate below, suture crenate, 
columella uniplicate. Length, 3°5 mill. 

Cuba. 


Unfigured Species of Section Elusa. 


P. CASTANEA, P. BADIA, P. STRIGULATA, P. CINNAMOMEA, P. TERES, 
all of A. Adams. Japan. 
P. ERYTHRKOSCLERA, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I. 


Subgenus CuRyYSALLiDA, Carp., 1857. 


All the typical species, with one exception, occur on the west 
coast of Mexico, Panama, and in the seas of Japan; they have 
been described by Carpenter, C. B. Adams and Arthur Adams, 
and none of them are figured. 


C. TELEsScopiuM, C. Reicent, C. anausta, C. CREBRISTRIATA, 
C. EFFUSA, C. FASCIATA, C. INDENTATA, C. OVULUM, all of 


Carpenter. Mazatlan, ete. 

C. pumina, Carpenter. California. 
C. MARGINATA, C. comMuNTS, C. PAUPERCULA, C. B. Adams. 

Panama. 

C. curTINA, Gould. So. Carolina. 


C. FiLocincra, C. ERUCELLA, C. RUFOLINEATA, C. GALBULA, 
C. METULA, C. puicata, C. GEMMA, C. COSTELLATA, OC. MUN- 
DULA, C. TENUICULA, C. INCONSPICUA, C. TEREBRA, ©. NANA, 
C. Mumia, C. munpA, C. ALVEATA, C. CONSOBRINA, C. CON- 
SIMILIS, C, PUPULA, all of A. Adams. Japan. 


312 PYRAMIDELLA. 


Section Mormuna, A. Adams, 1863. 


P. acuis, A. Ad: Pl. 74, fig. 34. 
White, shining; whorls 8, somewhat flattened, longitudinally 


5) 


plicate, the interstices smooth; lip dilated, columella somewhat 
thickened. Length, 7 mill. Philippines. 


P. ELONGATA, Pease. PI. 74, fig. 35. 

Longitudinally closely ribbed, spirally striate; whorls 14, 
convex, with a simple varix on each whorl, suture well impressed ; 
columella twisted below, lip widely varicose on its outer edge, 
strongly lirate within. Length, 19 mill. 

Paumotus (Pease); Viti Is. (Garrett). 


P. aRaAnpis, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 74, fig. 36. 


Longitudinally costate, the last whorl smooth below, white. 
Length, 15 mill. Eastern Seas. 


P: varicosa, A. Ad. Pl i4}fig. 35.0: 


Light-brownish, with pale chestnut bands; whorls flattened, 
varicose, closely longitudinally costate, crossed by spiral lire, 
the interstices with spiral raised lines. Length, 1 inch. 

Eastern Seas. 
P. Cornectiana, Newcomb. PI. 74, fig. 37. 

Solid, white, shining, lightly longitudinally costate, and spirally 
striate ; whorls 8, rounded, the 4th and 7th with an obscure varix; 
lip thickened, indistinctly bilabiate. Length, 10 mill. 

Honolulu, Sandwich Is. 


Unfigured and Undetermined Species. 


P. AmBIGuA, Gould. = Rissoina. 
P. EGREGIA, A. Adams. Philippines. 
P. Macanprma, A. Adams. Gulf of Suez. 
P. Rissoina, A. Adams. Japan. 


Section Srytopryema, A. Ad., 1860. 
P.-wypica,-Eryon, “Pl. 74, fie33: 


White, shining, subpellucid, spirally striate ; whorls flattened, 
the last with a central sulcus, apex suddenly acuminated ; colu- 


mella posteriorly uniplicate. Length, 8 mill. 
Ins. Bohol, Philippines. 


The name is substituted for P. stylina, A. Ad., preoccupied. 


PYRAMIDELLA. 813 


P. aurRANTIACA, Angas. PI. 74, fig. 40. 


Rather thin, shining, fulvous orange, with a pale band at the 
suture, darker on the lower whorls, fading into white towards 
the apex; whorls 8, finely transversely striated; lip-fold very 
small, rudimentary. Length; 6 mill. 

Port Jackson, Australia. 


Unfigured Species. 


P. CLAUSILIFORMIS, Carpenter. Mazatlan. 
P. PUPIFORME, P. SUBULIFORME, P. CEREUM, TP. GIBBUM, P. LAR- 

vuLa, all of A. Adams. Japan. 
P. penpix, A. Adams. Japan, Gulf of Suez. 
P. nIvEA, A. Adams. Gulf of Suez. 


Subgenus Acr#opyRaAmIs, Fischer, 1885. 
P. striata, Gray. PI. 74, fig. 39. 


Solid, olivaceous, deeply, distantly, spirally sulcate; aperture 
white. Length, 1 inch. 

Fhilippines. 
P. FutvA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 42. 

Slender, solid, fulvous, spirally sulcate; whorls flattened, 
suture deep; aperture brown. Length, 1 inch. 

Philippines. 
P. cRANULATA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 43. 

White, solid; whorls rather flat, gradate, longitudinally cor- 
rugately plicate, spirally, deeply, distantly grooved; columellar 
fold prominent. Length, 6 mill. 

Philippines. 
P. tauTa, A. Ad. Pl. 74, fig. 44. 


Thin, somewhat pellucid, whitish; whorls flattened, longitudi- 
nally striated, spirally, distantly grooved. Length, 7 mill. 
Philippines. 
P. ama@na, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 41. 


Thin, rather pellucid, white, substriated longitudinally, spirally 
distantly sulcated, interstices elegantly punctate. 
Length, 9 mill. 
Philippines. 


314 PYRAMIDELLA. 


P.casta, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 45. 


White, thin, semipellucid; whorls rather convex, spirally 
-rather closely grooved, interstices beautifully striated ; columella 
oblique, somewhat tortuous. Length, 11 mill. 
, China Sea. 

P. speciosa, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 46. 

White, thin, semipellucid; whorls 8, rather convex, with 
elevated spiral ridges, the interstices longitudinally striated ; 
columella nearly straight, with an oblique faint plication. 

Length, 9 mill. 

Philippines. 
P. styLinA; A. Ad. Pl. 74, fig. 47. 

White, subpellucid, middle whorls somewhat enlarged, a little 
flattened, thinly spirally striated, substriated longitudinally. 

Length, 8°5 mill. 

; Philippines. 
P. suturAuls, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 48. 

Subumbilicated, white, shining, subdiaphanous; whorls 7, 
flattened, suture channeled, spirally sulcate, last whorl subsolute, 
with white articulated bands; columellar plication evanescent. 

Length, 8 mill. 

Philippines. 
P. concinna, A. Ad. Pl. 74, fig. 50. 

Grayish white; whorls 6, rather flattened, spirally grooved, 
interstices microscopically crenulated ; columellar plait oblique, 
somewhat obsolete, lip lirate within. Length, 9 mill. 

Moreton Bay, Australia. 
P. pura, A. Ad. PIl.74, fig: 49. 

Rather solid, white; whorls somewhat convex, spirally grooved, 
intermediate liree smooth, grooves longitudinally striated. 

Length, 9 mill. 

New Zealand. 
P. puncruraTa, EH. A. Smith. Pl. 78, fig. 52 a. 

Subpellucid, brownish white; whorls 4, spirally punctate- 
suleate; columella obliquely twisted. Length, 5 mill. 

Whydah, W. Africa. 


Unfigured Species. 


P. eximruM, Lischke (figure inaccessible to me). Japan. 
P. cLATHRATULA, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I. 


SYRNOLOPSIS. 315 


P. canata, P. suLcIFERA, P. puNcTIGERA, P. METULA, P. viTTATA, 


all of A. Adams. Japan. 
P. TENELLA, A. Adams. Philippines. 
P. PUNCTICULATA, P. sinUATA, Gould. China Seas. 
P. acuminata, Gould. Japan. 


Section Mumrora, A. Ad., 1863. 
P. SPIRATA, A. Ad. PI. 74, figs. 52-54. 


White, under a yellowish or brownish epidermis, longitudi- 
nally plicate, transversely grooved, suture channeled; whorls 8, 
eradate; columella with an oblique fold. Length, 7 mill. 

Philippines. 
P. cincra, Carpenter. Pl. 74, fig. 51. 

White; whorls somewhat rounded, with deep sature, spirally 
costate, decussated by longitudinal riblets, most apparent near 
the suture. Length, 3 mill. 


Southern California. 
Figured from a specimen. 


Infigured Species. 


P. TESSELLATA, P. RETICOSA, A. Adams. Japan. 
P. ovaTa, P. RoTUNDATA, P. OBLONGA, P. NoposA, all of Carpenter. 
Mazatlan. 


Section CarEsiopsis, Morch, 1874. 


P. styLirorMis, Morch. (Unfigured.) West Indies. 


Genus SYRNOLOPSIS, E. A. Smith, 1880. 
S. nacustris, Smith. Pl. 74, figs. 55, 56. 


Smooth, glossy, imperforate, yellowish horn-color, handed 
with white beneath the suture; whorls 12, flattened, finely 
striated by flexuous growth-lines, sometimes showing traces of 
spiral striz; columella strongly plaited above; outer lip with 
one or two lamelle, far within. 

Lake Tanganyika, E. Africa. 

Bourguignat, who describes (but without figures) several new 
species, divides them into two groups, the first having two 


316 SYRNOLOPSIS. 


lamellz, the second a single one. In consequence of this divi- 
sion, the above species is placed among those having two 
lamelle, and the figure of it given by Mr. Crosse (fig. 56) is 
made a new species under the name of S. Grandidieri, because 
of having only one lamella. I do not believe the distinction 
will hold good, as these plice are either developed or entirely 
absent in the same species in Pyramidellide. 


Unfigured Species. 


S. Hamyana, S. Anceyana, 8. Giraupr, S. minura, all of 
Bourguignat. Lake Tanganyika. 


aie 


Famitry TURBONILLIDZA. 


Shell minute, white, slender, elongated, many-whorled, usually 
longitudinally or spirally sculptured ; columella without. plica- 
tions or with a single small fold ; apex sinistral. 

Animal us in Pyramidellids. Operculum corneous, pauci- 
spiral. 

The species are very small, and mostly more slender than in 
Pyramidellid ; they are numerous, and have been separated 
into a number of inferior groups, which are, for the most part, 
poorly defined —so that their classification is difficult and uncer- 
tain. As most of these groups are founded on European 
species, I have not, as a rule, included any extra-limital forms, 
preferring for my purposes a geographical division of the 
species. Hitherto the species have neither been monographed 
nor catalogued. 


Synopsis of Genera. 
Genus TURBONILLA, Risso, 1826, 


Shell slender, elongated, many whorled, generally costulate, 
apex sinistral, columella vertical, not plicate. Operculum horny, 
subspiral, the columellar margin entire, face with a spiral groove. 

Animal with wide tentacles, mentum elongated, flattened, 
usually bilobed in front; foot large, anteriorly auriculated. 

Comprises a great number of small, graceful, usually white 
shells; distribution universal. Fossil, tertiary. The synonyms 
are Chemnitzia, d’Orb., 1839, not 1850; Pyrgiscus, Philippi, 
1841; Orthostelis, Aradas. 


x 


Section Tracuta, Monts., 1884. 


Sculpture fenestrate; spire elevated, acute, apex twisted; 
whorls scalariform; columella without fold or tooth. T. 
FENESTRATA, Forbes. 


Section TraBecuLa, Monts., 1884. 


Whorls rounded, longitudinally lamellose ; aperture semicir- 
cular, with an exterior rib; no apparent spiral sculpture; apex 
(317) 


318 TURBONILLIDA. 


retrorse; columella without fold or tooth. T. JEFFREYSIANA, 
Seguenza. 
Section Pyraiscutus, Monts., 1884. 

Whorls scalariform, lamellarly ribbed, peculiarly spirally 
sculptured; aperture tetragonal, no columellar tooth. TT. sca- 
LARIS, Phil. 

Section Pyreotipium, Monts., 1884. . 

Rather stout, with one or more intercostal nodes in the centre 
of each whorl; no columellar fold; apex inclined, to the right. 
T. roseA, Monts. 

Section Pyraostetts, Monts., 1884. 

With longitudinal ribs, crossed by spiral striz, forming pit- 
tings; color fulvous or banded; columella with a re-entering 
fold. T. Rura, Phil. 

Section Pyraosryius, Monts., 1884. 
Shell varicose, the columella dentate. T. srrgraruna, Linn. 


Subgenus DunkertA, Carpenter, 1857. 
Whorls rounded, cancellated. T. paucinrrara, Carp. 


Section Crnauxina, A. Adams, 1860. 

Shell turriculated, subulate; whorls numerous, spirally ribbed, 
the interstices striate, aperture oblong, entire in front, columella 
straight, simple, lip sharp, arcuate. C. circinaTa, A. Ad.; 
Salassia, de Folin, 1870, is a synonym. 


Genus LIA, de Folin, 1872. 


Shell oval conic, spire whorls decussated, lip undulated by the 
spiral sculpture—which appears on the colamella, simulating 
two plications. L. DecoraTa, Folin. 

A doubtful group, possibly described from a young specimen. 


Genus MURCHISONIELLA, Morch, 1875. 


Shell small, elongate, thin, pellucid, many-whorled, the apex 
heterostrophe; lip profoundly sinuous; whorls subangular on 
the periphery, and having two spiral lines which define a sort 


El 


TURBONILLIDA. 319 


of sinus-band. M. spectrum, Morch. West Indies. A fossil 
form from the Parisian eocene is referred to the genus. 


Genus VANESIA, A. Adams, 1861. 


Shell melaniform, decussated by longitudinal and_ spiral 
ridges, subperforate, thin; whorls very little rounded ; aperture 
oval, rounded in front, entire, lip sharp. V. TRirascrata, A.“ 
Ad. China. 

Resembles a Melania, but is a true marine shell; the character 
of the apex and the animal are unknown, and the classification 
is provisional. 

Genus EULIMELLA, Forbes, 1846. 


Shell elongated, turriculate, solid, smooth, polished; whorls 
numerous, apex sinistral; aperture subquadrangular, lip not 
continuous, columella straight, without plications. 

Animal with short tentacles; mentum lobed in front; anterior 
extremity of foot truncated. 


Section BaupontA, Bayan, 1873. 

Shell aciculate, very long; whorls numerous, convex; aper- 
ture small, subquadrangular, columella a little sinuous. Recent 
and fossil. E. Graciuis, Desh. Eocene of Paris basin. The 
synonyms are Aciculina, Desh., 1862; Raphium, Bayan, 1873; 
Anisocycla, Monts., 1880. 

This section may well be merged in the typical group. 
Section OcEAnipA, Folin, 1870. 

Shell conical, elongated. E. Grapuata, Folin. West Indies. 

I know nothing of this section. 

Section Lrosromta, O. Sars, 1878. 

Shell relatively shorter, resembling Odostomia, subperforate ; 
aperture oval. L..chavuna, Lovén. 
Section Micropetiscts, Sandberger, 1874. 


Shell cylindrically subulate; whorls but slightly convex; 
aperture rounded oval, columella arcuate. E. 1NaspEcta, Fuchs. 
L. Pliocene, Hungary. 


Section Stytopsis, A. Adams, 1860. 


Shell subulate, opaque, smooth, not polished ; whorls flattened, 


320 TURBONILLID&. 


suture well-impressed; aperture subquadrangular, columella 
straight, simple, lip subangular in front. E. typica, A. Adams. 


Corea. 
Subgenus Menestuo, Moller, 1842. 


Shell turriculated, with spiral striz, or decussated ; aperture 
oval. M. anBuLa, Fabr. Boreal Seas. 
Pyrumis, of Couthouy, 1839 (non Schumacker, 1817), is a 
synonym. 
Genus ODOSTOMIA, Fleming, 1828. 


Shell small, perforate, oval, conoidal or turriculated ; colu- 
mella with a feeble, oblique, more or less marked tooth; aper- 
ture oval or subrhomboidal, peristome not continuous. Oper- 
culum horny, lamellar, subimbricated, with a median spiral 
groove, inner margin indented. 

Animal elongated, the head large and robust, bearing two 
conical tentacles, with eyes at their bases, foot depressed, trun- 
cated in front; mentum anteriorly bilobed. 

Very minute, usually smooth shells, having the habit of 
Risso, and, like them, sometimes found in brackish water. 
The species are numerous, of universal distribution, from low- 
water to 40 fathoms. F®#sil, eocene. O. pricaTa, Montagu. 
Hurope. 

The synonyms are Odontostoma, Turton, 1829; Odontostomia, 
Jeffreys, 1837. 

The sections will only be used for the division of the Euro- 
pean species on which they were founded; those of other 
localities will be described simply as Odostomie. 


Section Opostomta, sensu stricto. 


Whorls smocth; lip not grooved within, columellar tooth 
well marked. O. pLricaTa, Mont. 
Brachystomia, Monts., 1884, is a synonym. 


\ 


Section MrcastomiA, Monts., 1884. 

Shell smooth; aperture large, lip finely grooved within. O. 
conspicua, Alder. 
Section Onpina, Folin, 1870. 


Shell oval, thin; whorls smooth or spirally striated, colu- 
mellar tooth obsolete. O. opLiqua, Alder. 


TURBONILLIDA. BPA 


Generally known as Auriculina, Gray, 1847, a name pre- 
occupied by Grateloup, 1838. 
Section Dorretia, Monts., 1880. 

Shell Doliiform, smooth, apex immersed; peristome con- 
tinuous; columellar tooth feeble. O. NiTENs, Jeffreys. 
Section AurtstomrA, Monts., 1884. 

Shell smooth, aperture large, auriculate. O. ERJAVECIANA, 
Brusina. 
Section Evatna, A. Adams, 1860. 

Shell ventricose, spirally ornamented; columella plicate. 
O. ELEGANS, A. Adams. Odetta, Folin, 1870, is a synonym. 


Section PotyspIreLiaA, Carpenter, 1861. = 
Whorls with spiral ribs, the interstices thinly clathrate, colu- 


mella scarcely folded. O. TRACHEALIS, Gould. 


Section Pyraurina, A. Adams, 1863. 

Conoidal, longitudinally ribbed, crossed by spiral striz, colu- 
mella feebly plicate. O. DecussaTa, Montagu. The synonyms 
are Parthenia, Lowe (in part); Nema, Folin, 1870; Parthenina, 
Bue., Dautz. et Dollf., 1883. 

Section OposromiELLA, Buc., Dautz., Dollf., 1883. 

Shell pupoidal, longitudinally ribbed; columella plicate. 
O. poLtiotuM, Phil. 

Section Exopra, Folin, 1870. 

Shell conical, longitudinally ribbed ; columella plicate. O. Hor- 
TENSIZ, Nansouty. 

Section Sprroctimax, Mirch, 1874. 


Shell subeylindrical; whorls scalariform; aperture somewhat 
ear-shaped, lip sigmoid ; columella scarcely plicate. O.SCALARIS, 
Morch. 


Section Miratpa, A. Ad., 1863. 


Solid, ovate or elongated; whorls flat, plicate posteriorly, 
spirally lirate anteriorly; lip subangulate behind, margin crenate. 
O. piADEMA, A. Ad. Several Japanese species. 


21 


322 TURBONILLA. 


Genus TURBONILLA, Risso, 1826. 


I. European and West African Species. 
Typical. 
T. nAcTBA, Linn. P14, fig. 07s PI io.ne. 70. 
White, rather solid, opaque, glossy, strongly longitudinally 
ribbed, ribs terminating below the periphery of the last whorl ; 


whorls 12, moderately enlarging, slightly convex; columella 


usually without fold. Length, 8°5 mill. 
Europe. 


It is 7. elegantissima, Macg.; T. acuta, Donovan; T. alba, 
Penn.; J. plicatula, Risso; T. turritella, Scacchi, and T. gra- 
“cilis, Desh. 

Var. CAMPANELLA, Phil. Fig. 77. 

Whorls more flattened, costz more oblique. 

Sicily. 

T’. elegantissima, var. similis, Monts., is a synonym. 

T. stnuosa, Jeffreys. Pl. 75, fig. 84. 

Rather thin, semitransparent, glossy, closely longitudinally 
flexuously ribbed, ribs fading out at the periphery of last whorl, 
white; whorls 8, flattened; columellar tooth slight but distinct. 

Length, 4°3 mill. 

Mediterranean, W. Coast of Africa. 


T. acuTIcosTATA, Jeffreys. Pl. 75, fig. 85. 


Rather thick, opaque, glossy, with longitudinal ribs and wider 
interspaces, ribs terminated at the periphery of the last whorl 
by a spiral, thread-like line; whorls 9, rather convex; columella 


without tooth. Length, 3 mill. 
Mediterranean Sea. 


T. MAGNIFICA, Seguenza. PI. 75, fig. 96. 

White or pinkish white, often beautifully iridescent ; whorls 
11-12, somewhat flattened, rounded at the impressed suture, 
longitudinally ribbed, ribs curved, low and rounded; columella 
not dentate. Length, 12 mill. 

New England, Azores, Bay of Biscay. 

First described as a Sicilian tertiary fossil, but found living 


by the “ Travaillieur” and “ Talisman” expeditions. Mr. Ver- 


a 


TURBONILLA. 323 


rill described it as T. formosa, which being preoccupied by Dr. 
Jeffreys, he subsequently changed to 7. Bushiana. 
T. pusILLA, Philippi. Pl. 75, fig. 79. 
Whorls 9, flattened, with about 16 oblique ribs, spirally 
striate. Length, 3 mill. 
Sicily, Vigo Bay. 
T. GRADATA, Monts. PI. 75, fig. 82. 
Rather solid, cylindrical; whorls 9, longitudinally ribbed, 
with wider interspaces ; aperture subquadrangular. 
Length, 4°6 mill. 
Mediterranean Sea. 
Described as a variety of 7. lactea, Linn. Jeffreys considers 
it a variety of 7. pusilla, Phil. 7. Jimitum, Folin, is said to be 
a synonym. 


T. innovaTa, Monts. Pl. 75, fig. 76. 

Differs from 7. pusilla, Phil., in its larger size, straighter ribs 
and absence of spiral sculpture. Jeffreys described it in his 
British Conchology under the name of 7. pusilla, but subse- 
quently doubted its identity with that species, and Monterosato 
separated it as above. Length, 6°8 mill. 

England to Mediterranean Sea. 


T. peLicaTA, Monts. PI. 75, fig. 81. 


More slender than 7’. lactea, white, shining; whorls 10, flat- 
tened, closely longitudinally plicate, interstices smooth. 
Length, 3 mill. 
Ireland to Mediterranean. 


The name is substituted for 7. gracilis, Phil., non Brocchi. 
T. micans, Monts. Pl. 75, fig 83. 


Thin, semitransparent, very glossy; whorls 7, flattened, with 
from 18-20 long, sharp, curved longitudinal ribs and equal, 
smooth interstices. Length, 3 mill. 

Gulf of Marseilles; off West Coast of Africa. 

This is 7’. attenuata, Jeffreys, not Odostomia (EHulimelia) at- 
tenuata, Monts. 


T. FULGIDULA, Jeffreys. Pl. 75, figs. 86, 87. 


Rather solid, subcylindrical, nearly ‘transparent, lustrous; 
whorls 7, flattened, ribs 15 or 16, narrower than the interspaces, 


324 TURBONILLA. 


both crossed by numerous microscopic spiral striz, ribs fading 
out at the periphery of the last whorl. Length, 2 mill. 

Atlantic Ocean. 
T. compressa, Jeffreys. Pl. 75, fig. 88. 

Cylindrical, a little compressed in the middle of each whorl, 
thick, semitransparent, glossy ; whorls 11, with about 25 longi- 
tudinal ribs and subequal interspaces; color white, a young 
specimen having a broad, obscure chestnut-colored band. 

Length, 6°25 mill. Mediterranean, Azores, Cape Verd Is. 


T. PAUCISTRIATA, Jeffreys. Pl. 75, fig. 90. 

Rather thick, semitransparent, lustrous; whorls 9, flatly con- 
vex, with about 20 straight, slight, irregular longitudinal ribs, 
fading out on the body-whoxl. Length, 6°8 mill. 

Mediterranean; W. Coast of Africa ; 
Culebra, Danish West Indies. 

Dr. Jeffreys was somewhat doubtful of the distinctness of this 

shell from 7. compressa. 


T. sEMIcosTATA, Jeffreys. Pl. 75, fig. 89. 

Rather thick, semitransparent, glossy; whorls 9, flattened in 
the middle, with a few slight longitudinal ribs, sometimes cover- 
ing the upper whorls only, but in most disposed irregularly over 
the shell; in one specimen the whole surface is microscopically 
spirally striated. Length, 3°75 mill. 

Cape Breton, Gulf of Gascony. 
T. MacanpRez, H. Adams. PI. 74, fig. 59. 

Solid, whitish or light fulvous; whorls 16, slopingly flattened, 
with numerous rounded ribs, fading at the periphery, and equal 
smooth interspaces. Length, 18-24 mill. Vigo. 

Described by Mr. Adams as 7’. speciosa, preoccupied. 


T. oBLIQUATA, Phil. Pl. 75, fig. 80. 
Hyaline; whorls 9, convex, with about 14 oblique small ribs 


and much wider, smooth interspaces. Length, 3 mill. 
Mediterranean Sea. 


Unfigured Species. 
T. acuTIssIMA, Monts. Mediterranean. 
T. rosEA, T. Mutueri, T. SENEGALENSIS, Maltzan. 
Ins. Gorée, W. Africa. 


OFicetio ates pabcbbiie amor 8S 


ee ee ee ee 


RP A hae 


TURBONILLA. 325 


Section Tracura, Monts., 1884. 


T. FENESTRATA, Forbes. PI. 74, figs. 58, 60, 61. 


Rather solid, almost opaque, glossy; whorls 8-9, shelving, 
with about twenty longitudinal ribs, crossed by fine spiral lines, 
ribs terminating at the periphery where there are two strong 
spiral ridges, appearing on the spire-whorls, white or yellowish 
white. Length, 3°75 mill. 


Europe. 
It is 7. Weinkauffi, Dunker (fig. 61). 
T. JEFFREYSIANA, Seguenza (unfigured). Mediterranean. 


It is 7. clathrata, var. Jeffreysiana, Monts. 


Section Pyrarscutus, Monts., 1884. 


escauARris, Phil. Pl. 15, fig. 18; Pl: 74, fis: 66. 


Shell moderately solid, opaque, rather glossy ; whorls 9, nar- 
rowly shouldered, pale yellowish or cream-color, with frequently 
two or three faint tawny bands on the last whorl; longitudinally 
ribbed, with wider interspaces, not reaching the base of the body- 
whorl, interspaces spirally striate, the striz often arranged in 
pairs. Length, 6°25 mill. 

Europe. 
T. RUFESCENS, Forbes. PI. 74, figs. 62-64. 

Whorls convex, flexuously ribbed, with subequal, spirally 
striate interspaces ; yellowish brown, with two or three chestnut 
bands. Length, 6°25 mill. 

Hurope. 

Dr. Jeffreys considered this a variety of T. scalaris, Phil. He 
also places here 7’. indistincta, Fleming. 


T. FormosA, Jeffreys. Pl. 74, fig. 66. 


Narrowly elongated ; whorls 13, narrowly shouldered, making 
a channeled suture, with straight longitudinal ribs and somewhat 
wider interspaces, which are spirally costulate, a peripheral ridge 
terminates the longitudinal ribs on the body-whorl. 

Length, 8 mill. 
? Shellness, Kent, England. 


Dr. Jeffreys suspects that this shell is exotic. 


326 TURBONILLA. 


T. inpIsTINcTA, Montagu. PI. 74, figs. 73, 74. 


Whorls 8, rounded, with deep suture, white, flexuously costate, 
with fine spiral striz in the interstices. Length, 4 mill. 
Europe, Canary Is. 
The synonyms are 7’. areolata, Rayneval; T. Julizx, de Folin ; 
T. nanodea, Monts.; T. curvicostata, 8S. Wood; Rissoa Balliz, 
Thompson; 7’. speciosa, Bean. . 


Section Pyrconiprum, Monts., 1884. 
T. RosEA, Monts. 

Shell rosy ; whorls flattened with straight narrow ribs, becoming 
evanescent at the periphery of the last whorl, interspaces much 
wider, with two spiral series of nodules. Length, 6 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 

It is 7. internodulosa of Monterosato, not Searles Wood. 


T. CALAMELT, Jousseaume (unfigured). Algiers. 
Closely allied to, and perhaps = 7’. rosea. 


Section Pyraostetis, Monts., 1884. 
T. RuFA, Phil. Pl. 74, figs. 68-70; Pl. 75, fig. 91. 

Moderately solid, opaque, glossy, with 20-30 longitudinal, 
narrow and shallow ribs, evanescent at the periphery, the inter- 
stices crossed and base encircled by rather broad impressed 
lines; pale fawn-colored or tawny, frequently with a narrow 


chestnut band above the periphery. Length, 8°75 mill. 
Europe. 


T. crenata, Lowe; T. scalarioides, Risso; T. simillimus, 
Mont. Dr. Jeffreys (Zool. Proc., 356, 1884) thought 7’. inter- 
rupta, Totten, identical and that it ought to be adopted, being ~ 
a prior name; he also thought 7. Rathbun, Verrill and Smith, 
the same. 

Var. FULVocINcTA, Thompson. Figs. 69-70. 

Shell thinner, more slender, base narrower, whorls not so 

much compressed, band always present and more conspicuous. 


Var. DENSECOSTATA, Phil. Fig. 91. 
Whorls 9, very slightly convex, with numerous smooth, 
straight longitudinal ribs, wider than the interstices. 


Mediterranean Sea. 
Var. exigua, Monts., is a synonym. 


TURBONILLA. 327 


T. cosTIFERA, H. A. Smith. Pl. 75, fig. 92. 
Light fulvous; whorls 8, rather flattened, longitudinally cos- 
tate, the interstices finely spirally striate, with a diaphanous 


band below the suture; columella uniplicate. Length, 5°5 mill. 
Whydah, W. Africa. 


T. specTABILIS, Monts. (unfigured). Mediterranean. 


T. CLATHRATA, Jeffreys. Pl. 74, figs. 71, 72. 

Shell solid, opaque, shining; whorls 7, convex, with about 20 
strong flexuous longitudinal ribs, extending to the base of the 
body-whorl, with equal interstices, which are crossed by two 
strong spiral interrupted riblets (three on the last whorl); color 
whitish or pale reddish brown; columella without tooth. 

Length, 4 mill. Great Britain. 


T. siamorpEA, Monts. PI. 75, figs. 93, 94. 

Rather thin, semitransparent, glossy; whorls 8, flattened, 
with about 25 very flexuous oblique ribs, the wider interstices 
spirally striate. Length, 3°75 mill. Algiers, Palermo. 
T. FLEXUOSA, Jeffreys. Pl. 75, fig. 95. 

Rather thin, semitransparent, glossy; whorls 5, flattened, 
with 15-20 sharp, flexuous longitudinal ribs, abrupt or sub- 
nodose at the suture, almost disappearing at the periphery 
where they are crossed by a few spiral striz. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 
Section Pyreosrytus, Monts., 1884. 
T. STRIATULA, Linn. PI. 74, fig. 75. 

Shell thin, pale brown, with three darker bands, closely longi- 
tudinally ribbed, with much narrower interspaces, both crossed 
by distant spiral strie, of which there are four on the spire- 
whorls; whorls (normal) 9, rounded, with well impressed suture. 

Length, 9 mill. Mediterranean. 

The synonyms include J. striolata, Weink.; TY. varicosa, 
Forbes; 7. potamoides, Cantraine; ZT. pallida, Phil. 


T. caAnpipA, T. RuGosA, Folin. West Africa. 


The work in which these are described and figured is not 
accessible, 


328 TURBONILLA. 


II. Species of East Coast of the United States and West Indies. 


T. Emertont, Verrill. Pl. 75, fig. 6. 


White, lustrous; whorls 11, not very oblique, broadly 
rounded, a little flattened on the sides, suture strongly im- 
pressed ; surface with slight, rather indistinct and irregular 
longitudinal furrows, which are often absent. 

Length, 4°8 mill. 

Martha’s Vineyard. 

Smaller than 7. nivea, Stimp., with a larger nucleus and less 
distinctly ribbed. 


T. NIVEA, Stimpson. Pl. 75, fig. 11. 
White, shining; whorls 11, flattened, longitudinally straightly 


Do) 
ribbed; the interstices smooth, nucleus small, prominently 
upturned. Length, 7 mill. 
Maine, northwards. 
T. Ratueunt, Verrill and Smith. PI. 75, fig. 5. 

White; whorls 12, rather convex, suture impressed ; whorls 
rather flattened, crossed by about 30, smooth, even, longitudinal 
ribs, intervals as wide, showing eight or ten spiral strive. 

Length, 13 mill. 

New England, deep water. 

Dr. Jeffreys considered this to = 7. rufa, Phil., of Europe. 


T. ELEGANS, Verrill. Pl. 75, fig. 8. 

Light yellowish; whorls 10 or more, well-rounded, not dis- 
tinctly flattened, with rather deep suture; surface lustrous, with 
numerous rounded longitudinal ribs, narrower than the concave 
interspaces, fading out below the middle of the last whorl, and 
with numerous revolving grooves, interrupted by the coste, but 
continuous on the lower part of the body-whorl; sometimes 
there is a darker band on the middle of the last whorls and the 
revolving striz are darker. 

Narragansett Bay, Vineyard Sound, Long Island Sound. 


T. AREOLATA, Verrill. Pl. 75, fig. 9. 


Whorls 8 or 10, moderately convex, somewhat flattened in the 
middle, crossed by about 25 longitudinal ribs, the interstices 
with rather conspicuous impressed spiral lines, dividing them 


TURBONILLA. 329 


into pretty regular, small, squarish pits; body-whorl subangu- 
lated below the middle, the base only marked by fine spiral striz. 


Length, 4 mill. 
Long Island Sound, Vineyard Sound. 


T. costuLATA, Verrill. Pl. 75, fig. 10. 


Translucent, glossy white, faintly banded with pale brown; 
whorls 6 or more (besides a large apical whorl), flattened, but 
slightly convex, with about 20 longitudinal ribs and narrower, 
deep interspaces, the latter crossed by close microscopic revolving 
strie, which are continued below the subangulated periphery, 
the costz vanishing; bands two on the body, one on the spire- 


whorls. Length, 4 mill. 
Long Island Sound, Vineyard Sound. 


T. INTERRUPTA, Totten. Pl. 75, fig. 7. 


Whorls 10, almost flat, crossed by 20 to 30 obtuse ribs, the 
interstices with about 14 subequal revolving lines arranged in 
pairs, often confounded in one; ribs obsolete below, where the 
revolving lines are uninterrupted; the whorls are slightly 
shouldered, making the suture distinct ; whitish brown or amber- 
colored, Length, 6°25 mill. 

Mass. to N. Carolina. 

Very probably identical with 7. rufa, Phil., of Europe, over 
which it has priority of publication. 


PeTexXTHAS, Kurtz. Pl. 75, fig. 12. 


Whorls 6 or 7, shouldered, with close, prominent, smooth, 
longitudinal ribs, the interspaces crossed by impressed revolving 
lines; white, waxy or chalky. Length, 3 mill. 

So. Carolina. 


Unfigured Species. 


T. spirata, Kurtz and Stimpson. No. Carolina. 
T. EQUALIS, Say. Vineyard Sound ; Southern Coast. 
T. stricta, T. GRANDS, Verrill. Long Island Sound. 
T. PERLEPIDA, Verrill. Chesapeake Bay. 


T. VIRIDARIA, and vars. VIRGA and puNIcEA, Dall. 
Cedar Keys, Fla. 


330 TURBONILLA. 


T. onNATA, Q’Orb. Pl. 76, fig. 15. 
Thin, white, closely longitudinally ribbed and spirally striate; 
whorls 10, slightly convex, suture deep, crenulated. 


Length, 6 mill. 
Cuba. 


According to Mérch, Chemnitzia latior, C. B. Ad., is a 
synonym. 


T. MopestTa, d’Orb. Pl. 76, fig. 17. 


Thin, white, longitudinally ribbed, ribs terminating at a spiral 
ridge below the periphery of the body-whorl, base smooth, suture 
deep; whorls 6, moderately convex. Length, 2 mill. 

Cuba. 
T. PULCHELLA, d’Orb. PI1..76, fig. 18. 

Thin, white, longitudinally costate, the costa terminating on 
the body-whorl at a spiral ridge, below which the surface is 
‘smooth; whorls 12, moderately convex. Length, 7-8 mill. 

West Indies. 

Mirch considers T. levis, C. B. Ad. (unfigured), a probable 
variety. 

T. pustItua, C. B. Ad. PI. 76, fig. 19. 


White, with about 12 strong longitudinal ribs terminating 
about the periphery of the last whorl; whorls 10-11, besides the 
nucleus, moderately convex, with well impressed suture. 

Length, 3°3 mill. 

Jamaica, St. Thomas. 
T. TuRRIS, d’Orb. Pl. 76, fig. 20. 

Thin, white, longitudinally costate, terminating in a peripheral 
line, below which the base is spirally striate; whorls 14, suture 
impressed. Length, 7 mill. 

St. Thomas, W. I.; Rio, Brazil. 
T. supstriaTa, C. B. Adams. PI. 76, fig. 21. 


White, wax-colored next the suture; whorls 8, fiattened, with 
22 to 24 longitudinal ribs, and very numerous, scarcely per- 
ceptible spiral striz in the interspaces and on the lower part of 
the body-whorl; on the middle of the whorls is a spiral series of 
shallow, intercostal pits, suture distinct. Length, 2°75 mill. 

Jamaica, St. Thomas. 

Mirch remarks: “If d’Orbigny possibly has overlooked the 


OO a ee 


TURBONILLA. 331 


minute spiral strie, this species is perhaps the same as the 
preceding.” 


T. AmeRIcANA, d’Orb. PI. 76, fig. 16. 


Thin, white, coarsely longitudinally costate, with intercostal 
spiral strie ; whorls 9, convex, with a small deep-seated colu- 
mellar plication. Length, 3 mill. 

Rio Janeiro, Brazil to San Blas, Patagonia. 

The figure does not show the plication, which must be small 
and obscure. 


T. puncta, C. B. Adams. PI. 76, fig. 22. 


White; whorls 10-11, besides the nucleus, scarcely convex, 
with distinct suture; white, with about 26-30 rather prominent 
longitudinal ribs, not produced below the periphery of the last 
whorl, and numerous crowded intercostal strive, one of which 
strie a little above the middle of the whorls and another along 
the suture are wide and deep, resembling spiral series of 
punctures. Length, 5:5 mill. 

Jamaica, St. Thomas. 


T. suBULATA, C. B. Adams. PI. 76, fig. 23. 


White, or pale brownish white, with two spiral bands of pale 
wax-color, and a third on the lower part of the body-whorl ; 
whorls 10, rather convex, with well impressed suture, with 28--30 
siender prominent longitudinal ribs, not quite obsolete below the 
periphery, and very fine spiral strie between the coste and 
anteriorly, the one next the suture larger. Length, 4°25 mill. 

Jamaica, St. Thomas. 


T. FLAvocincra, C. B. Adams.’ PI. 76, fig. 24. 


White, with a broad yellowish brown sutural band; whorls 
8-9, besides the nucleus, slightly convex below the middle, a 
little shouldered, with distinct suture; with about 28 rounded, 
slender ribs, becoming obsolete anteriorly, and very minute 
spiral striz intercostal and anterior. Length, 3°5 mill. 

Jamaica, St. Thomas, Guadeloupe. 


T. FascraTa, d’Orb. PI. 76, fig. 25. 


Thin, white, with a broad chestnut subcentral band; whorls 
9, gradate, with deep suture; longitudinally costate, the ribs 


332 TURBONILLA. 


terminating at the periphery, with intercostal spiral striz con- 
tinued = becoming stronger on the base. Length, 3 mill. 
Rio Janerio, Brazil; San Blas, Patagonia. 


T. PUPOIDES, d’Orb. Pl. 76, fig. 26. 


Shell strong, white or yellowish brown; whorls 8, flat, with 
strong, subcontinuous coste, suture margined, base spirally 


striate. Length, 3 mill. 
Cuba, St. Thomas. 


Differs from the preceding species by its margined suture, 
stronger and more distant ribs and spiral striz only anteriorly. 


T. Riser, Mérch. Pl. 76, fig. 27. 


Thick, orange colored, with two darker bands, one Sidae the 
suture, étie other median; with about 40 cost, aoa very finely 
spirally striate; columella with an indistinct plication. 

Length, 3°5 mill, 

St. Thomas. 

Figured from the type. 


T. puBiA, d’Orb. PI. 76, fig. 28. 


Thin, whitish or fulvous with a white band, whorls 10, 
longitudinally undulately plicate, the wider interstices spirally 
striate, base without costze but the spiral sculpture stronger. 

Length, 4 mill. 

West Indies, Rio Janeiro. 


Unfiyured Species. 


T. RETICULATA, T. MULTICOSTATA, T. OBELISCUS, T. EXILIS, of C. 
B. Adams. Jamaica. 
T. TURRITELLA, Pfr. Cuba. 


III. Species of the Pacific Coast of America. 


T.. Conay @Orb. -- PE V6, ie. 29, 


Strong, whitish; whorls 8, flattened, with well impressed 
suture, strongly, longitudinally costate to the base, interstices 
wider spirally impressed striate, three of the striz (four on the 
body-whorl) more conspicuous. Length, 5 mill. 

Near Payta, Peru. 


TURBONILLA. 333 


T. resTIVA, Folin. Pl. 76, fig. 30. 


Whitish, subdiaphanous, with a few, very distant longitudinal 
cost, extending to the base, the very much wider interspaces 
spirally striate; whorls 7, suture profound. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Panama. 
T. TENUIcULA, Gould. PI. 76, fig. 31. 

Rather solid, shining, wax-yellow, a little dusky below the 
suture; whorls 10, flat, slightly shouldered above, with about 
20 straight, longitudinal ribs, the summits of which are cut by 
numerous fine revolving striz, deeper in the interstices, which 
extend over the base of the shell, the ribs terminating about the 
periphery ; revolving strize showing through the aperture. 

Length, 7:5 mill. 

Southern California. 
T. SUBCUSPIDATA, Carp. PI. 76, fig. 33. 

Differs from the preceding in being more distantly ribbed, 
with broader interspaces, closer and deeper spiral sculpture, the 
tops of the ribs elegantly muricated with projecting, curved 


lines between; the suture more deeply impressed. 


Length, 6 mill. 
S. Diego, Cal. 
Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. 


T. TorqUATA, Gould. PI. 76, fig. 34, 32. 


Solid, white; whorls 8, a little convex, with about 16 oblique, 
flexuous longitudinal ribs, not extending to the base, periphery 
subangulate, no spiral sculpture, base smooth. Length, 5 mill. 


Sta. Barbara, Cal. 
T. Vancouverensis, Baird, is a synonym. 


Var. sTYLina, Carp. (fig. 32), is a narrower furm than the type; 
T. gracillima, Gabb, is a synonym of it; TZ. Gabbiana, 
Cooper, another. 


Unfigured Species. 


T. Lorpr, E. A. Smith. ; Vancouver’s Island. 
T. Vireo, T. CREBRIFILATA, T. CHLATA, T. AURANTIA, T. CHOCO- 
LATA, T. TRIDENTATA, all of Carpenter. California. 


T. TENUILIRATA, T. MURICATA, T. GIBBOSA, T. PROLONGATA, T. 
C.B.ApDAMsI, T. GRACILLIMA, T. FLAVESCENS, T. TEREBRALIS, 
T. UNIFASCIATA, Carpenter. Mazatlan, 


334 TURBONILLA. 


T. GRAcILIon, T. PANAMENSIS, T. SIMILIS, T. srRiosa, T. TURRITA, 

T. AcuMINATA, C. B. Adams. Panama. 

T. acuteus, T. AFFINIS (T. undata, Carp.,a syn.), C. B. Adams. 

Panama and Mazatlan. 
T. CINCTELLA, T. CRATICULATA, T. SUBULA, Morch. 

W. Co. Centr. Am. 


IV. Polynesian and Australian Species. 


T. Hormani, Angas. PI. 76, figs. 41, 42. 


Rather thin, white, shining; whorls 13, slightly convex, lon- 
gitudinally broadly ribbed, interstices narrow, smooth, ribs 
-abruptly ceasing at the periphery of the last whorl. 
Length, 10 mill. Port Jackson, Australia; Tasmania. 
Described as JZ. nitida, Angas, a name preoccupied by A. 
Adams. Z. Mariz, Tenison-Woods (fig. 42), from Tasmania, 
appears to be identical. 


T. Festiva, Angas. PI. 76, fig. 45. 


Semipellucid, white} with a narrow chestnut band on the 
middle of the whorls, two bands on the body-whorl; whorls 8, 
rather convex, finely longitudinally plicate, the interstices 
microscopically spirally striate, suture deep, last whorl smooth 
at the base. Length, 4 mill. 

Port Jackson, Australia. 
T. rusca, A. Ads. PI. 76, figs. 46, 47. 

Whorls 8, very narrow, rounded, with deeply impressed suture ; 
yellowish or brownish, with a central darker band, two bands 
on the body-whorl, closely longitudinally plicate, the ribs 
becoming obsolete towards the base. Length, 6 mill. 

Australia, Tasmania, Japan. 

In the darker-colored specimens the bands are obscure; in- 
the lighter-colored, they are distinct (= 7. bifasciata, A. Adams 
(fig. 47). The form is narrower, more cylindrical, longer than 
T. festiva, but may be only a variety of it. 


T. MAcLEAYANA, Tenison-Woods. Pl. 76, fig. 44. 

Narrowly cylindrical, thin, translucent, white; whorls 12, 
flatly convex, with deep suture, longitudinally ribbed, ribs ter- 
minating at the periphery, interstices and base smooth. 

Length, 9 mill. Tasmania, 


TURBONILLA. 335 


T. TasMAnica, Tenison-Woods. PI. 76, fig. 40. 


Solid, white; whorls 8, convex, suture impressed, with strong, 
somewhat oblique rounded ribs, terminating at the periphery, 
the narrower intercostal spaces and base smooth. 


Length, 7 mill. 
Kiny’s Isl. Bass Straits, Tasmania. 


Unfigured Species. 


T. NeozeLAnpica, Hutton. New Zealand. 
T. Beppomet!, Petterd. Tasmania. 
T. crrcumDATA, Gould. Sydney Harbor, Australia. 
T. 1ora, Gould. Hab. unknown. 
T. acicuLARis, T. concinNA, T. Bonotensis, A. Ad. Philippines. 
T. conngEA, A. Ad. Eastern Seas. 
T. BICARINATA, T. POLYZONATA, T. Birrirormtis, Carpenter. 
Philippines. 
T. DECUSSATA, Pease. _ Sandwich Islands. 


V. Japanese and Chinese Species. 


T. Paripprana, Dunker. Pl. 76, fig. 37. 


Rather thick, whitish ; whorls plano-convex, slightly angulated 
above, strongly longitudinally plicate, plice straight, fading out 
at the periphery, interstices and base thinly striate, the base 
stronger. Length, 9 mill. 

Japan. 
T. varicosa, Dunker. PI. 76, fig. 38. 

Whorls 13-14, closely longitudinally costate, here and there 
varicose, terminated on the body-whorl by a peripheral spiral 
line, decussated by spiral strix, base thinly spirally lirate. 

Length, 11 mill. 

Japan. 
T. MULTIGYRATA, Dunker. Pl. 76, fig. 43. 

Pellucid, white; whorls 17-18, convex, with deep suture, 
covered throughout with wide oblique, curved cost. 

Length, 16-17 mill. Japan. 


Unfigured Species. 
T. compTa, T. ALBELLA, T. sciruLA, T. TEREBRA, T. CERINA, T. 
CANDIDA, T. DEBILIS, TT. METULINA, T, speciosa, T, SCALIOLA, 


336 TURBONILLA. 


T. BIcINcTA, T. MUNDA, T.ctINcTA, T. FRAGILIS, T. SCULPTILIS, 
T. commopa, T. niT1IDA, T. MoNocycLA, T. MoDICA, T. VENUS- 
TULA, T. EXIMIA, T. PERFECTA, T. MACILENTA, all of A. Adams. 


Japan. 
T. RuBRoruscA, T. Cuminei, Carpenter. China Sea. 
T. cHiaTa, T. onNATA, Gould. Hong Kong. 


VI. Indian Ocean Species. 


T. VEvaing, Tryon. Plo va sie.-99- 
White ; whorls 8, shouldered, longitudinally straightly plicate, 
the wider interspaces with slight spiral impressed striz. 
‘Length, 3:25 mill. Isl. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean. - 
Described by Velain as 7. scalaris, preoccupied by Philippi: 


T. piscuLus, Velain: Pl. 15, fig. 97. 


White ; whorls 9, rather flattened, with fine, close longitudinal 
ribs, terminating at the periphery of the body-whorl. 
Length, 3 mill. Isl. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean. 


T. PERONI, Velain. Pl. 75, fig. 98. 

Grayish white, thin, with 7 convex whorls, with irregular 
longitudinal riblets, becoming more or less evanescent about the 
middle of the whorls. Length, 2°75 mill. : 

Isl. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean. 
T. rENvIcosTA, Issel. Pl. 75, fig. 4. 

White, a little shining; whorls 63, a little convex, suture 
margined, thinly, obliquely, longitudinally plicate, plice fading 
out on the last whorl, interstices much wider. 

Length, 2°25 mill. Red Sea. 


T. sOLIDULA, Issel. Pl. 75, fig. 3. 

Yellowish white, a little shining, obliquely longitudinally 
plicate, interstices much wider, suture not margined; whorls 
8-9, somewhat convex, plications extending over the last whorl 

Length, 3 mill. , fied Sea. 


T. CRYSTALLINULA, Issel. Pl. 75, fig. 1. 

White, pellucid, shining, fragile, with thread-like longitudinal 
oblique plications extending over all the whorls, and much wider 
smooth interspaces ; whorls 9-10, convex. Length, 2 mill. 

- Red Sea. 


TURBONILLA. 337 


T. NITIDISSIMA, Issel. Pl. 75, fig. 2. 

White, translucid, very shining, rather strongly distantly 
longitudinally plicate, and no spiral lines; whorls 9-10, a little 
convex, with well-impressed suture, the ribs evanescent on lower 
part of body-whorl; aperture a little obliquely channeled below. 

Length, 3 mill. 

; Red Sea. 
T. venustA, Issel. Pl. 15, fig. 100. 

White, a little shining, with numerous, vertical cost ; whorls 

8—9, somewhat convex, with impressed suture, last whorl suban- 


gulated, and without costz below. Length, 3°25 mill. 
fed Sea. 


T. cHRySsOZzONA, Martens. PI. 76, fig. 48. 

Densely cancellated, white, with a single narrow orange band 
on the upper whorls, two on the middle ones, three on the last ; 
whorls 12-13, convex, occasionally varicose, last whorl subangu- 
late; columella slightly plicate at the base, where the aperture 
is a little channeled. Length, 15 mill. 

Mauritius. 
T. LACTEA, Krauss.. PI. 76, fig. 49. 

Solid, white, closely, obliquely, obtusely plicate, with equal 

smooth interstices; whorls 10-12, slightly convex, lower half 


of body-whorl smooth. Length, 3°5 mill. 
Cape of Good Hope. 


Unfigured Species. 


T. TRACHEALIS, T. OBELIScUS, Gould. Simon’s Bay, So. Africa. 
T. LIRATA, T. DECUSSATA, T. TRILINEATA, A. Ad. Ceylon. 
T. Woop-Masont, T. virrara, T. THntaTA, T. SUBEMARGINATA, 
T. MICROCHEILOS, T. INTUSLIRATA, T. CORPULENTA and var. 
MINIMA, all of Folin. (Desc. and figures inaccessible to me.) 
Andaman Is. 


Subgenus DunkertA, Carp., 1857. 


T. CANCELLATA, 4’Qrb.- Pl. 76, fig. 50. 
Thin, corneous, spirally ribbed, with equal interspaces, ribs 
decussated into granules by longitudinal sulcations; whorls 5, 


suture channeled. Length, 2 mill. 
Cuba. 
22 


338 TURBONILLA. 


T. LAMINATA, Carp. Pl. 176, fig. 51. 


Whorls 8 (besides 2 nuclear ones), convex, with deep suture ; 
longitudinally and spirally ribbed, the interstices of the decus- 
sations appearing pitted, on the last whorl the longitudinal sculp- 
ture becomes evanescent below the periphery ; yellowish or 
fulvous, more or less distinctly narrowly fasciate with lighter 
color on the spire, bifasciate on the body-whorl. 

Length, 6°25 mill. 

San Diego, Sta. Barbara, Cal. 


Unfigured Species. 


T. INTERMEDIA, T. SUBANGULATA, T. CANCELLATA, T. PAUCILIRATA, 


of Carpenter. Mazatlan. 
T. magor, C. B. Adams. Panama. 
T. cemMuLosé, C. B. Adams. West Indies. 
T. SUTURALIS, Gould. So. Carolina. 
T. LATELIRATA, Folin. Andaman Is. 
T. FascraTa, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. 


Section Cincutina, A. Adams, 1860. 


T. spina, Crosse and Fischer. Pl. 76, figs. 52, 53. 


Whorls numerous, flattened, with scarcely distinct suture, 
encircled by three spiral ribs, four on the body-whorl, the lower 
part of which is smooth, white. Length, 9 mill. 

Gulf of St. Vincent, Australia. 

I think 7. Brazieri, Angas (fig. 53), will prove synonymous: 
it is from Port Jackson, Australia. 


T. cincuLata, Dunker. Pl. 76, fig. 35. 


Whorls numerous, scarcely convex, suture distinct, with three 
revolving ribs on the spire-whorl, seven on the body, intersticess 
striate, white. Length, 10 mill. 

Japan. 
T. TEREBRA, Dunker. PI. 76, fig. 36. 

White, shining; whorls 12, scarcely convex, those of the spire 
with three revolving ribs, body-whorl with eight ribs, the lower 
ones smaller. Length, 8 mill. 

Japan. 


LIA, MURCHISONIELLA, VANESIA. 339 


K. Isset1, Tryon. Pl. 76, fig. 64. 


A little shining, translucent, white, spirally cingulated, inter- 
stices longitudinally striated; whorls 9, the last with 4 cingula- 


tions, base smooth. Length, 3:5 mill. 
Red Sea. 


Described by Issel as Hulimella cingulata, the specific name 
preoccupied in Cingulina by Dunker. 


Unfigured Species. 


T. crrcinaTA, A. Adams. Japan. 
T. AUSTRALIS, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. 
T. cARINATA, Folin. (Paper inaccessible to me.) 


Genus LIA, de Folin, 1872. 


L. pecorata, Folin. Iam not able to consult the description 
of this species. 


Genus MURCHISONIELLA, Mirch, 1875. 


M. spectrum, Morch (unfigured). St. Thomas, W. I. 


Genus VANESIA, A. Adams, 1861. 


YV.TRIFASCIATA, V. SULCATINA, A. Adams (unfigured). Manchuria. 


Genus EULIMELLA, Forbes, 1846. 
I. Huropean Species. 


E. Scirn, Seacchi. Pl. 76, figs. 63, 56. 


White, rather solid, polished ; whorls 11-12, flatly convex, the 


last subangulated on the periphery. Length, 9 mill. 
Europe. 


E. crassula, Jeffreys, and £. Macandrei, Forbes (fig. 56), are 
synonyms. 
E. compactiLis, Jeffreys. Pl. 76, fig. 58. 

Shell thinner, much smaller, not so strongly keeled. 

Length, 2°5 mill. 

Boreal and Arctic Europe. 

E. super flua, Monts. (Mediterranean), is possibly a synonym, 

according to Jeffreys; it has not been figured. 


340 EULIMELLA. 


BK. acicuta, Phil. Pl. 76, figs. 59-61, 54, 62. 


Rather thin, semitransparent, polished, glassy white in live, 
milk-white in dead specimens; whorls 8—9, narrow, flattened, 
periphery scarcely angulated. Length, 4°33 mill. 

Europe. 

Monterosato has changed the name to Z. commutata on 
account of Auricula acicula, Lam., a fossil species which is a 
very doubtful Eulimella. 


Var. TURRIS, Forbes. 


Shell of nearly equal breadth throughout, with rather convex 
whorls. 


Var. VENTRICOSA, Forbes. 


Shell thinner, with tumid whorls and deeper suture. 

EL. gracilis, Jeffreys; H. turritellata, Requien, and £. affinis, 
Phil. (fig. 62), are synonyms. Monterosato, who considers ven- 
tricosa a distinct species, has described a var. minima (unfigured). 


Var. oBELIscus, Jeffreys. Pl. 76, fig. 54. 


Shell smaller and narrower, with more compact whorls. 


BE. sTRIATULA, Jeffreys. Pl. 76, fig. 55. 


Very slender; whorls 8—9, flattened, suture distinct; white 
with distinct spiral striz. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Spezia, Italy. 
KE. niripissima, Mtg. PI. 77, fig. 79. 

Very thin, transparent, lustrous; whorls 7 (besides the nucleus), 
convex, finely spirally striate, white. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Europe. 
E. crassa, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 81. 

Thick, opaque, glossy, smooth, white; whorls 8-10 (?), flat- 
tened, suture slight; lip thick, with 8-10 spiral striz within, 
columella with a strong spiral tooth. 

Length (a fragment only), 6 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 

This species has the mouth of an Odostomia, but the form of 
the shell and want of sculpture together constitute an Eulimella 
as to external appearance. 


EULIMELLA. 341 


E. pr&LonGA, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 72. 


Thin, semitransparent, very glossy, white; whorls 10, flattened, 
suture slight ; columella with a small, tooth-like thickening. 

Length, 6°75 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea, West Coast of Africa. 

Another problematical species as to its generic position; the 
tooth, however, is not nearly so distinct as inthe last. It might 
almost rank as a colorless variety of H. unifasciata, Forbes (see 
American species). 


Unfigured Species. 


KE. ANGUSTA, and Var. PERANGUSTA, Monts. Mediterranean Sea. 
KE. cinGuLata, Requien. Corsica. 
E. Pointe, Folin (dese. and figure inaccessible). 
Port Said, Egypt. 
E. nitidissima, var. pura, Monterosato, is a synonym. It was 
found at St. Vito. 


KE. MACILENTA, Monterosato. Mediterranean. 
Name substituted for Odostomia debilis, Monts., not Pease. 


E. Fouint, Fischer. (Probably exotic.) France. 


II. Oriental Species. 
E. Arasica, Issel. Pl. 76, fig. 57. 


Shining, very minutely decussated, translucent, whitish, with 
narrow yellowish bands; whorls 12-13, flattened, the suture 
impressed, margined. Length, 5 mill. 


Red Sea. 
KE. Parurpprana, Dunker. PI. 77, fig. 75. 


White, subpellucid, very smooth and shining; whorls 9, 


flattened. Length, 11 mill. 
Japan. 


Unfigured Species. 


E opaca, E. viTreA, EK. wyaLina, A. Adams. Japan. 
E. cYLINDROPSIS, E. INFUNDIBULATA, Folin. Andaman Is, 


349 EULIMELLA. 


III. American Species. 


BK. uNIFASCIATA, Forbes. PI. 77, fig. 73; Pl. 76, fig. 65. 


Smooth, polished, white, with a median, narrow, light chestnut 
band; whorls 11, flattened. Length, 6 mill. 
New England, Azores, Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean. 
This is Lulimella Smithit, Verrill (fig. 65). The columellar 
tooth is inconspicuous, and the form, of the shell places it in 
Eulimella rather than Odostomia. 


BH. pourra, Verrill. Pl 17, fe-67: 


Whorls 12, well rounded, smooth and glossy. Length, 8 mill. 
Eastport, Mazne. 
Appears to be closely allied to HZ. ventricosa, Forbes. 


KH. wocma, Verrill., oP. 17, fig. 68. 


Whorls 11, flattened, smooth, polished, with very indistinct 
growth-lines, suture distinct, but scarcely at all impressed, trans- 
lucent pinkish white. Length, 8 mill. 

New England (2033 fathoms). 
E. cwarissa, Verrill. Pl. 77, fig. 69. 


Small and delicate ; whorls 11, very slender, translucent white. 
Length, 5°6 mill. 
New England (2033 fathoms). 
Smaller, with much more slender spire and smaller apical 
whorl than the last; there are also more whorls in the same 
length, they are somewhat more convex and the suture more 
impressed. 


BE. nimmpa, Verrnil: Pl: 77, fig. 70. 


Smooth, polished, rather large for the genus, moderately 
elongated, with a tall, regularly tapering spire of more than 
eight moderately convex whorls (apex broken), separated by a 
well-defined, somewhat impressed, rather oblique suture. 

Length (broken), 6°5 mill. 

New England (2033 fathoms). 

Most like #. lucida, but the whorls are more convex, the 
suture more oblique and more impressed, the body-whorl longer, 
more produced anteriorly, the aperture narrower, more elongated, 
and effuse in front. 


EULIMELLA. 343 


Be rissa, Verrill, PE 7; fie: T4. 


Small, white, polished; whorls 8, flattened, smooth, suture 
distinct. Length, 6 mill. 
Off Cape Hatteras, N. C. (142 fms.) 
Remarkable for the small size of the apical whorl and for its 
pupiform outline. 


KE. EnGonrA, Bush. 


White, lustrous; whorls 74, flattened, distinctly chamfered 
above the channeled suture, body-whorl distinctly angulated at 
the periphery, where there is a prominent rounded thread— 
there are also numerous indistinct, unequal striz only visible 
under a microscope; columella with a small distinct fold, not 
seen ina front view. Length, 6°5 mill. 

Cape Hatteras, and Beaufort, N. C. 

Described as an Odostomia, and placed here with some doubt 
on account of the long slender shell. 


Var. TERES, Bush. PI. 77, fig. 82. 


More slender, with flatter whorls, with a distinct impressed 
spiral line just below the angle. 


E. asa, Calkins. Pl. 76, fig. 66. 


Small, white, shining, pellucid; whorls 12-13, smooth, flat, 


suture lightly impressed. Length, 75 mill. 
Cedar Keys, Florida. 
E. SIMPLEX, d’Orb. PI. 77, fig. 74. 
Shell thin, white, finely spirally striate; whorls 7, slightly 
convex, with a shallow channel next above the suture. 
Length, 2°3 mill. Jamaica. 


Unfigured Species. 


E. oBsoLeta, Carpenter. Mazatlan. 
EK. PELLUCENS, E. opatina, A. Adams. Japan. 


Section OcEanrpDA, Folin, 1870. 


E. arapuatA, Folin. (Desc. not accessible). West Indies. 


344 EULIMELLA. 


Section Liosromra, Sars, 1878. 


BH. chavuta, Lovén. PI. 77, fig. 76. 


Thin, transparent, polished, microscopically longitudinally 
striated, white; whorls 4-5, rather convex, suture slightly 
margined ; umbilicus very small and narrow, but distinct; colu- 
mella with a barely discernable tooth or fold. Length, 2 mill. 

Europe. 

E. pistillus and E. pistilliformis, Brugnone, and £. Brugnoni, 

Monts., are synonyms. 


E. EBURNEA, Stimpson. PI. 177, fig. 78. 


White, shining, smooth; whorls 4, rather convex, subangu- 
lated at the suture; aperture ovate-elliptic, peristome thin, sim- 
ple, acute, effuse anteriorly ; umbilicus narrow. 

Length, 4°5 mill. 

New England. 
EK. ELEcTA, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 17. 

Thin, nearly transparent, glossy, with microscopical growth- 
lines; whorls 4, rather swollen, with deep suture; umbilicus 
small and narrow; columella with a superior, small, sunken 
tooth. Length, 2 mill. 

Between the Hebrides and Faroé Is. (516 fms.). 


Section Srynopsis, A. Ad., 1860. 


K. typica and EK. sutcata, A. Ad. (Unfigured). Japan. 
KE. rurorasciata, E. A. Smith (Unfigured) - Japan. 


Subgenus Menesruo, Moller, 1842. 


EH. ALBULA, Moller. Pl. 77, fig. 80. 


Corpulent, white; whorls slightly convex, with numerous 


spiral lines. Length, 5 mill. 
Labrador to Greenland. 


This is not the #. albula of most American authors which = 
the next species, 


EULIMELLA. 345 


_E. stataruna, Couthouy. PI. 77, fig. 87. 

Narrow, thick, whitish ; whorls 7-9, flatly convex, with distinct 
suture, with growth-lines, sometimes varicose, and 12-15 fine, 
regular revolving strie. Length, 15 mill. 

Massachusetts, northwards. 


Is EL. albuia, Gould, Tryon, ete., not of Lovén. 


Heeunesta Verrill, Pl. 77, fig. 86. 


Whorls 4, convex, with deep suture, white, spirally, numer- 
ously striate, umbilicus very narrow. Length, 3 mlll. 
New England (115,365 fms). 


E. Bruner, Verrill (Unfigured). Off Newport, R. I. (487 fms). 


EK. Humepoupr!, Risso. Pl. 77, figs. 83-85. 

Whorls 5, and nucleus, rather solid, stout, a little convex, with 
deep suture, with numerous spiral riblets decussated by longitu- 
dinal striz; columella with a strong superior plication; white. 


Length, 6 mill. 
Mediterranean Sea. 


The synonyms are £. lactea, Michaud; £. clathrata, Phil.; Z. 
turriculata, Caleara; EH. Kuzmict, Brusina; EH. subventricosa, 
Phil., and LZ. brevis, Requien, the two last given as varieties. 
Var. TUBERCULATA, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. Fig. 85. 


Sculpture stronger, forming a granulated surface. 


Var. sutcaTA, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. Fig. 84. 
Spirally sulcate, the longitudinal sculpture deficient. 


Unjfigured and Doubtful Species. 
EK. BULINEA, Lowe. 
Mediterranean Sea, Canary and Madeiran Islands. 
The synonyms are £. dissimilis, Tiberi; EF. striata, Brocchi; 
FE. elongata, Phil.; L. Humboldti, var. elongata, Requien. 


K. cRATICULATA, Renier. Mediterranean. 
E. EXARATA, A. Ad. Japan. 


346 ODOSTOMIA. 


Genus ODOSTOMIA, Fleming, 1828. 
I. European. 


The sections are only used for the European species. 


Section Opostomia, sensu stricto. 


O. puicaTa, Mont. PI. 77, fig. 88. 


Thin, transparent, polished, with microscopic spiral striae, 
very pale yellowish white or white, darker at the suture; whorls 
5-6, suture moderate; umbilicus none, or a narrow chink in full- 
grown specimens; columellar tooth small, but distinct. 

Length, 2°5 mill. 

Europe. 

It is O. elongata, Phil., O. bulimotdes, Scacchi. 


O. pALLIDA, Mont. PI. 77, fig. 89. 

Rather solid, nearly opaque, somewhat glossy, with microscopic 
spiral striae, milk-white or yellowish white; whorls 6-7, some- 
what convex, rapidly enlarging, suture moderate, distinct ; um- 
bilical chink very narrow or none; tooth strong. 

Length, 5 mill. 

Europe. 

O. Novegradensis, Brusina, O. Eulimoides, Hanley (figured), 
are synonyms. Jeffreys cites :— 


Var. crAssA, Thompson. 
Smaller and thicker; some of the spiral striz confluent, form- 
ing elevated ridges. 
Var. NoTATA, Jeffreys. 
Whorls more convex, spiral striz more conspicuous. 
Var. ancustTA, Jeffreys. 
Thinner and more slender. 


O. suBLonGA, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 90. 

Rather thick, semitransparent, glossy, ivory-white; whorls 
4-5, the last obsoletely angulated on the periphery ; tooth minute, 
but distinct. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Bay of Biscay, Cape Verd Is., Mediterranean Sea. 


i 


ODOSTOMIA, 347 


O. inscutpTa, Mont. PI. 77, fig. 91. 


Thin, semitransparent, glossy, with distinct spiral incised lines, 
with inconspicuous longitudinal strie near the suture, white; 
whorls 6, each narrowly, thickly rimmed just below the suture, 
which is slightly channeléd; umbilicus narrow; tooth incon- 
spicuous but always present. Length, 3°75 mill. 


Northern Europe. 
It is O. obliqua, Loveén. 


O. umBiLicaRiIs, Malm. PI. 77, fig. 92. 


Shell thin, transparent, very glossy, white; whorls 5-6, with 
deep suture; umbilicus very distinct, but small; tooth small, 
but prominent. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Northern Europe. 

Owing to the transparency of the whorls, the periphery of 
each appears like a narrow band round the top of the sue- 
ceeding one. 


O. MicHaEtis, Brugnone. PI. 77, fig. 93. 


Oblong ovate, smooth, shining; whorls 6, slightly convex, 
columella strongly uniplicate. Length, 5°5 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 
O. RissorpEs, Hanley. Pl. 77, figs. 94-96. 

Thin, transparent, glossy, with microscopical growth-lines 
and spiral striz, pale yellowish white, or whitish; whorls 5, 
convex, rapidly enlarging, suture rather deep, in fresh speci- 
mens with a darker band; umbilicus usually none, or a mere 
chink or indentation; tooth small and partly concealed. 

Length, 3 mill. 

Europe. 
Var. ALBA, Jeffreys. 

Thinner, spire produced, suture deeper and more oblique, 

umbilical chink very distinct. 


Var. niTIDA, Alder. Fig. 95. 


Whorls more ventricose and umbilicus distinct. 


Var. GLABRATA, Forbes and Hanley. Fig. 96. 


Nearly oblong, nucleus of spire exposed and mamillary, 
suture deep. 


348 ODOSTOMTA. 


Var. DuBIA, Jeffreys. 
Oval, more solid, body-whorl longer, umbilical chink distinct, 
tooth stronger. 


Var. EXILIS, Jeffreys. 


Smaller and more slender; spire elongated, suture slight. 


O. Luxtst, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 97. 


Solid, opaque, glossy, sculpture only very slight, almost 
microscopical scratch-like longitudinal striz, ivory-white ; whorls 
5-6, convex, the penultimate a little projecting ; umbilicus small, 
but distinct ; tooth small and prominent. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Great Britain. 
O. unrpENTATA, Mont. PI. 77, figs, 98, 100. 

Solid, almost opaque, glossy, with a more or less distinct 
peripheral angle, visible also at the base of the upper whorls, sculp- 
ture slight, microscopical, close-set spiral striz, white ; whorls 6 
(besides the nucleus), flattened, suture narrow, distinct; um- 
bilicus none, although there is sometimes a small chink; tooth 
long and prominent. Length, 5 mill. 

Iceland, Europe, West Africa, Canaries, Madeira, Pernambuco. 

O. Monterosati, Bucg. Dautz. et Dollf. (fig. 100), is a young 
shell of this species according to Dr. Jeffreys; who mentions a 
var. elata, with more elongated spire and narrower base. 


O. rurRITA, Hanley. PI. 77, fig. 99. 


Solid, semitransparent, glossy, microscopically spirally striate, 
periphery obtusely keeled; yellowish white or whitish, with a 
dark border below the suture; whorls 5—6 (besides the nucleus), 
suture narrow but distinct; umbilicus none; tooth small, not 
prominent. Length, 3 mill. 

Europe, Teneriffe, Madeira, Pernambuco. 

O. turriculata, Monts. and var. nana, Jeffreys, are enumerated 
as varieties by Dr. Jeffreys. 


O. acuta, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 1. 


Shell rather solid, but semitransparent and lustrous, with 
microscopic close spiral striz, and still more minute, flexuous, 
crowded growth-lines, whitish with a tinge of flesh-color ; whorls 


+ <shomegsaall 


ODOSTOMIA. 349 


6, besides the embryonic ones, periphery obtusely keeled ; umbil- 
icus conspicuous though small; tooth strong and prominent. 

Europe, Canary Is., Teneriffe. 

The outer lip is occasionally striate within. 


Var. UMBILICATA, Alder. 


Larger, stronger, white, with a broad base and usually wider 
and deeper umbilicus ; peripheral keel obscure. 


QO. ALBELLA, Lovén. PI. 17, fig: 3. 


Thin, semitransparent, dull yellowish white ; whorls 5-6, suture 
narrow, incised, narrowly banded below; imperforate, or some- 
times a narrow chink; tooth small, retired, nearly hidden behind 
the pillar. Length, 2°75 mill. 

Europe. 
O. sULCIFERA, Smith. PI. 77, fig. 4. 


ro) 


Ss 


White, polished ; whorls 5, subplane, indistinctly longitudi- 
nally striate, with a sutural pellucid zone, and a linear sulcus on 
the periphery ; columella lightly dentate. Length, 5 mill. 

Whydah, West Africa. 


O. FALLAX, Monts. (Unfigured). Mediterranean. 


Section Mrcasromia, Monts., 1884. 


O. conspicua, Alder. PI. 77, fig. 5. 


Shell solid, opaque, glossy, with microscopic spiral and longi- 
tudinal strize; pale cream color, varying to chocolate, and 
more or less stained with madder; whorls 8 (besides 2 embryonic), 
periphery obtusely angulated, the angle showing at the base of 
the spire whorls; umbilicus extremely small, almost covered ; 
tooth strong, conspicuous, outer lip grooved within. 

Length, 8°75 mill. 

Europe. 
O. conorDEA, Brocchi. PI. 77, fig. 6. 


Solid, white, polished, with microscopic growth-lines, periphery 
more or less distinctly keeled or angulated, with an impressed 
spiral line; whorls 8, nearly flat; umbilicus small, deep; tooth 


350 ODOSTOMIA. 


strong, prominent, interior of lip ridged, terminating in small 


tubercles within the mouth. Length, 6°25 mill. 
Europe. 


The synonyms include O. polita, Bivona; O. Nagli, Brusina ; 
O. sicula, Phil.; O. monodon, Requien; O. plica, Cantraine. 


O. TENUIS, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 2. 

Rather thin, nearly transparent, glossy, no sculpture except 
microscopic growth-lines; whorls 6; imperforate; tooth small 
but conspicuous, interior of lip with half a dozen short grooves 
or striz. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Brittany, Tunis. 


Section Onpina, Folin, 1870. 


O. optiqua, Adler. Pl. 77, figs. 10-12. 


Very thin, transparent, glossy, with fine, close spiral striz, 
becoming coarser on the base, whitish; whorls 5, suture deep 
and oblique; outer lip flexuous, retreating, sinuated above, 
smooth within, tooth only a slight obscure fold; umbilicus none, 


or a very small chink. Length, 5 mill. 
. Hurope. 
O. exilissima, Brusina, is a probable synonym. 


Var. WARRENI, Thompson. Figs. 11, 12. 


Smaller, with the basal striz more distinct, and the umbilicus 
more developed. 
O. Galvagni, Aradas, is a synonym. 


O. DIAPHANA, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 9. 


Very thin, nearly transparent, lustrous, with microscopic 
growth-lines, whitish ; whorls 5, suture narrow, oblique ; outer lip 
flexuous, deeply sinuous above, tooth obsolete; umbilicus devel- 


oped in the adult only, insignificant. Length, 2°5 mill. 
Hurope. 
O. ELEGANS, Monts. PI. 77, fig. 13. 


Pellucid, white, decussated by microscopic strive; whorls 7, 
convex, suture submargined ; columella obliquely uniplicate. 
Length, 4 mill. 
Sicily. 
It is O. vitrea, Brusina, not A. Ad.; O. neglecta, Tiberi, not 


ODOSTOMIA. 351 


A. Adams; 0. striata, Folin. Monterosato enumerates vars. 
simplex, exigua and concinna, Monts., and vixornata, Folin. 


Unfigured Species. 
(Including those of which the descriptions are not accessible). 


O. mopionaA, O. piLucipa, Monts. Mediterranean. 
O. MEssANENSIS, O. GRANATA, O. SEMIORNATA, Folin. Both con- 
sidered by Mts. synonyms of O. exilissima, Brusina, which 
Jeffreys unites with O. obliqua, Alder. 
O. sCANDENS, Brusina (Q. obliqua, Mts., not Alder). 
Mediterranean. 
O. sutcaTa, O. BILIRATA, Folin. West Africa. 


Section DoieLra, Monts., 1880. 


O. NITENS, Jeffreys. Pl. 77, fig. 15. 


Thin, semitransparent, very glossy, with microscopic growth- 
lines, white; whorls 3, besides the nucleus, suture very narrow, 
slightly excavated, margined by the overlapping of the whorls; 
umbilicus none; pe represented by a broad, but not conspic- 
uous, fold. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 

Jeffreys refers O. Hrjaveciana, Brusina, to this species, but 
Monterosato considers the two species very different. 


O. DoLroLirorMIs, Jeffreys. Pl. 78, fig. 26. 


Rather thin, transparent, somewhat glossy, with about 20 
remote and somewhat wavy spiral striz, almost perceptible by 
the naked eye, and numerous microscopic growth-lines, whitish 
or yellowish white; whorls 3, besides the nucleus, slopingly 
convex, suture channeled; outer lip abruptly incurved on 
the periphery, tooth strong and conspicuous; umbilicus a 


small chink. Length, 1°85 mill. 
Tor pe Europe. 


‘AT 


CAN 


Wy, : 
<j 
t% . i 
2 
ij 


O. valida, Folin, is a synonym. 


352 ODOSTOMIA. 


Section AuRistomiA, Monts., 1884. 


O. BuLIMULUS, Brugnone. PI. 77, fig. 14. 


Shell thin, smooth, shining; whorls 6, slightly convex; aper- 

ture long and rather narrow, with a plicate tooth above. 
Length, 5 mill. Mediterranean. 
O. bulimoides, Brugn., is a synonym. 


Unfigured Species. 


O. ErsavectANa, Brusina (Syns. QO. durriculata, Monts., and 


O. retardata, Tiberi). Mediterranean. 
O. rusuLus, Monts. Mediterranean. 
O. myosotis, Brugnone. Mediterranean. 


Section Pyreuuina, A. Ad., 1863. 


O. pecussaTA, Mont. PI. 77, fig. 7. 


Rather thin, semitransparent, somewhat glossy, with 20-25 
flexuous longitudinal ribs and finer, thread-like spiral strive, 
whitish ; whorls 4, besides the nucleus, convex, suture deep and 
channeled ; umbilicus slight, forming a narrow chink; tooth 
very retired and inconspicuous, consisting of a narrow oblique 


fold. Length, 3 mill. 
Hurope. 
It is Helix arenaria, Maton and Rackeit. 


O. EXIMIA, Jeffreys.” Pl. (7, fig. 8. 


Rather solid, semitransparent, glossy, with fine curved 
longitudinal ribs, which do not reach the base, these, or more 
frequently their interstices are crossed by three spiral striz or 
finer ribs on the middle of the body-whorl, giving the shell a 
partially cancellated appearance, the next whorls have two or 
three similar strive near the base; whorls 4-5, very convex, 
almost tumid, suture very deep; umbilicus extremely narrow 
but distinct; tooth minute, somewhat retired and obscure. 

Length, 1°5 mill. Boreal Europe. 

O. Barleei, Clark, is a synonym. 


ODOSTOMIA. 353 


O. inTERSTINCTA, Mont. PI. 77, figs. 16,17; Pl. 78, fig. 21. 


Rather solid, semitransparent, glossy, with numerous strong, 
slightly curved longitudinal ribs, broader than the interstices, 
ending at two or three a obscure spiral striz just below 
the periphery, forming punctures in the interstices, the upper 
whorls similarly marked just above the suture, base generally 
smooth, color white; whorls 5-6, compressly convex, shelving 
abruptly towards the suture, each with a thickend rim round the 
top, suture narrow, but deeply excavated; outer lip flexuous, 
slightly sinuated above; umbilicus none, or a narrow chink in 
old specimens; tooth short and retired, but strong. 

Length, 3 mill. 

Europe, Canary Is., Madeira. 
Var. TEREBELLUM, Phil. Fig. 17. 

Much larger, with elongated spire, ribs more oblique, espe- 
cially on the body-whorl, tooth prominent. 

O. Moulinsiana, Fischer (figured), appears to be equivalent 
to this. 


Var. sSUTURALIS, Phil. Fig. 21. 


Smaller, narrower and more cylindrical than the type, cost 
very fine and well curved. 
O. striata, Phil. (figured), is a synonym. 


Var. GRACILIS, Phil. 


Shining, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, with a single spiral 
line on the upper whorls, two on the body-whorl; whorls 5, 
suture well impressed. A minute, rather doubtful shell, 
variously interpreted; the following species has been referred 
to it. O. ambigua, Weinkauff, is identical. 


O. emactATA, Brusina. Pl. 78, fig. 22. 


Shell narrow, cylindrical, having 5 convex whorls besides the 
embryonic one, with strong longitudinal ribs and subequal inter- 
spaces, periphery marked by a spiral thread, below which, on 
the body-whorl. the ribs become evanescent ; tooth minute. 

Length, 2°1 mill. 

Mediterranean. 

It is O. pygmea, Brus., not Grateloup; O. Silvestri, Arad, 

23 


354 ODOSTOMIA. 


O. monozona, Brusina. PI. 78, fig. 18. 
Whorls 4, convex, longitudinally ribbed, with wider intervals, 
ribs disappearing gradually towards the base of the last whorl, 
a few spiral striz on the interstices about the middle of the 

last whorl; white; tooth small. Length, 2 mill. 
Mediterranean Sea. 
O. INTERMIXTA, Monts. PI. 78, figs. 19, 20. 
Whorls 4, besides the embryonic, slightly rounded, with 
strong longitudinal ribs, nearly straight, and fewer in number 
than in O. interstincta, a spiral thread near the suture, and on 


the periphery of the last whorl, tooth minute. 
Mediterranean. 


It is O. Jeffreysi, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf., not Koch and 
Weichman, the latter a miocene species of earlier description. 


Var. FLEXIcosta, Bucq., Dautz. Dollf. Fig. 20. 
More elongated than the type, the ribs flexuous. 


O. PencHYNATI, Buceq., Dautz. Dollf. Pl. 78, fig. 25. 

Closely related to O. interstincta and O. iniermixta, but dis- 
tinguished by its short pupoidal form and turriculated whorls. 

Length, 1°6 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 
O. ABBREVIATA, Monts. PI. 78, fig. 23. 

Solid, opaque, glossy, with about a dozen strong sharp longi- 
tudinal ribs, terminating abruptly at the bluntly angulated per- 
iphery ; white; whorls 4, besides the nucleus, suture shallow ; 
tooth small, indistinct; umbilicus none. Length, 2°5 mill. 

Mediterranean Sea. 

Described by Jeffreys as O. brevicula, preoccupied by Monte- 


rosato. 


O. sprratis, Mont. PI. 78, fig. 52. 

Rather solid, semitransparent, glossy, with about 30 straight 
or slightly curved ribs, broader than the interstices, terminated 
at the angulated periphery by a series of spiral basal strie, 
which are often closely punctured; whorls 5-6, flatly convex, 
shelving towards the suture which is narrow and deep; outer lip 
sinuous above; umbilicus a rather prominent chink; tooth very 


short, blunt and obscure. Length, 3 mill. 
Europe. 


ODOSTOMIA. 355 


O. TURBONILLOIDES, Brusina. Pl. 78, fig. 24. 


Shell smaller than the preceding species, the whorls more 
flattened, ribs straighter, equaling the interstices, basal spiral 
strize stronger. Length, 1-6 mill. 

Mediterranean. 


O. BREvICcULA, Monts., O. AMoENA, Monts. (O. venusta, Mts., a 
synonym), O. NArpot, Brusina (all unfigured). 
Mediterranean. 


Section OposToMIELLA, Bucq., Dautz. Dollf. 1883. 


O. potioLuM, Phil. Pl. 78, figs. 27, 28, 30. 


Solid, with smooth, longitudinal, rounded ribs without 
intervals; whorls 4, besides the nucleus, convex, with well im- 
pressed suture; yellowish, with two narrow spiral brown lines, 
three on the body-whorl, tooth moderate. Length, 2°2 mill. 

Mediterranean. 

The synonyms are O. regularis, Folin; O. tricincta, Jeffreys 
(fig. 30); O. btcincta, Tiberi; O. unicincta, B. D. D., the last re- 
ferring to variations in the banding; and O. cylindrica, B. D. D. 
(fig. 28), and elongata, Monts., both described as more narrowly 
elongated forms. 


Section Eropra, Folin, 1870. 


O. Hortenst®, Nansouty. Desc. inaccessible to me. 


Section Miratpa, A. Ad., 1863. 


O. ExcAVATA, Phil. PI. 78, fig. 31. 

Solid, opaque, rather glossy, with prominent spiral ridges, of 
which there are three on the main part of the body-whorl, and 
two slighter ones at the base, and two ridges on the spire whorls, 
crossed obliquely by sharp longitudinal ribs, extending to the 
base, the intersections with the spiral sculpture appearing nodu- 
lous, white; whorls 6, suture broad and very deep; tooth small 
and remote; umbilicus narrow but distinct. Length, 3°75 mill. 

Hurope. 

The synonyms are O. trinodosa, Rayneval ; O. turrita, Metcalfe; 

O. Deshayesiana, Recluz; O. Harveyi, Thompson. 


——_— 


356 ODOSTOMIA. 


O. cANATICULATA, Phil. Pl. 78, fig. 29. 


Shell with three series of granulations on the upper whorls, 
six on the body-whorl; whorls flattened, suture deeply chan- 


neled. Length, 2°5 mill. ca 
Mediterranean. 


O. intermedia, Brusina, is a synonym. This species scarcely 
differs from the preceding. 


II. Species of East Coast of United States, and West Indes. 


O. tmprEssa, Say. PI. 78, figs. 33, 34. 


Thick, opaque; whorls 7, flat, with deep suture, body-whorl 
with 15 revolving lines, the upper ones more distant, about four 
lines on the next whorl, the number of lines diminishing on the 
upper whorls; tooth distinct. Length, 5 mill. 

New England to Florida. 

O. insculpta, DeKay, is a synonym. 

Var. GRANATINA, Dall. Fig. 34. 
Posterior ribs strongly nodulous. Cedar Keys, Fla. 


O. TRIFIDA, Totten. Pl. 78, figs. 36, 37. 


Smooth, glossy; whorls 8, with about 6 impressed revolving 
lines, the one above and two next below the suture wider and 
more distinct, ten or twelve very minute lines at the base of the 
body-whor] ; fold sharp, oblique; color ivory or soiled white. 

Length, 5 mill. 

New England, New York. 


O. MARGINATA, Cailliaud (fig. 37), appears to be a specimen of 
this shell, accidentally carried to French shores. 


O. propucta, C. B. Adams. PI. 78, fig. 43. 


Whorls 8, flatly convex, white, under a light brown epidermis, 
smooth, columella flexuously plicate. Length, 5 mill. 
Massachusetts. 
O. Fusca, C. B. Adams. PI. 78, fig. 41. 
Whorls 6, rather flat, suture strongly impressed, with an im- 
pressed line below it, smooth, white under a shining brown 
epidermis; fold remote, occasionally double, and sometimes 


obsolete. Length, 6 mill. 
New England to Florida. 


ODOSTOMIA. BH ( 


O. DEALBATA, Stimpson. PI. 78, fig. 40. 


White, smooth, pellucid; whorls 6, rather convex, fold incon- 
spicuous. Length, 4 mill. 
Massachusetts. 
O. MopesTA, Stimpson. PI. 78, fig. 39. 


White, smooth; whorls 4, flattened, periphery obtusely angu- 
lated, suture impressed ; columellar fold small, oblique. 
Length, 3°5 mill. 
St. George’s Banks. 
O. sEmMINUDA, Adams. PI. 78, fig. 35. 


Whorls 7, convex, those of the spire and upper half of the 
body longitudinally plicate, crossed by three spiral lines, giving 
a granulated appearance, the folds terminate at the periphery, 
below it on the body-whorl are four spiral strize; suture distinct, 
indistinctly margined; pillar fold inconspicuous; glossy white, 
translucent. Length, 3°75 mill. 

New England to Florida. 
O. BISUTORALIS, Say. PI. 78, fig. 38. 


Smooth, epidermis light brownish; whorls 5—6, with an im- 
pressed revolving line below the suture, periphery obtuse:y 
angulated. Length, 5 mill. 

New England. 

Jaminea exigua, Couth., and fissoa rupestris, Forbes, are 
synonyms. 


_ QO. ceprosa, Dall. PI. 78, fig. 42. 


Whitish, thin, seven whorls, reticulated by longitudinal plica- 
tions and narrower interspaces and revolving striz, at the per- 
iphery the plications cease, but the spiral sculpture is continued 
to the base, but fainter and closer, suture submargined by a 
deeper line; white; fold obsolete or very faint; no umbilicus. 

Length, 55 mill. 

Cedar Keys, Fla., on mud flats. 


O. LavigatTa,d’Orb. Pi. 78, fig. 44. 


Thin, oblong, whitish, smooth, shining; whorls 6, slightly 
convex, suture opaquely margined, columella with a very slight 
fold. Length, 4 mill. 


St. Thomas, W. Indies. 


358 ODOSTOMIA. 


Unfigured and doubtful Species. 


O. DISPARILIS, O. TORNATA, Verrill. New England. 
O. acuTiDENs, Dall. Florida. 
O. CORTICARIA, Say. == Ppa. 
O. SOLIDULA, O. CANALICULATA, O. OVULOIDES, 

O. (M1raLtpA) Basynonica, all of C. B. Adams. Jamaica. 
O. (SPIROCLIMAX) SCALARIS, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I. 
O. rorcuta, Mérch. St. Thomas, W. I. 
O. CuBensis and O. pusILua, Pfr. Cuba. 


III. Species of West Coast of North America. 
O. INFLATA, Carp. PI. 78, fig. 45. 


Thin, light ashy, under an ash-colored epidermis; whorls 4, 
besides the nucleus, rapidly increasing, suture impressed, very 
minutely, closely spirally striated ; no umbilicus; tooth trans- 
verse, acute. Length, 6°5 mill. 

California. 

O. Sitkensis, Dall. MS., is doubtfully referred to this species. 


O. MucirormIs, Carp. PI. 78, fig. 46. 


Compact, smooth, solid, white; whorls 4, besides the nucleus, 
subplanate, margins excavated, base lengthened, not umbilicated ; 
lip solid, tooth obtuse, transverse. Length, 7°5 mill. 

Neeah Bay. 
O. sATURA, Carp. PI. 78, fig. 48. 

Solid, smooth, white; whorls 5, besides the nucleus, convex, 
with impressed suture, base rounded, subumbilicated, lip scarcely 
sinuated ; plica strong, transverse. Length, 7 mill. 

Neeah Bay. 


Vars. GouLDI and PUPIFORMIS are indicated by Carpenter. 


O. STRAMINEA, Carp. Pl. 78, fig. 47. 
Like an elate O. satura, but much more elate, not inflated, 
epidermis light yellowish, without stria. Length, 4°5 mill. 
Lower California. 


Unfigured Species. 
O. GRAVIDA, Gould. California. 
O. Berinet, Dall. Alaska. 


ODOSTOMIA. 359 


O. VALLATA, O. TENUIS, O. SUBSULCATA, O. MAMILLATA, O. LAM- 
ELLATA, of Carpenter. Mazatlan. 
O. AVELLANA, Carp. Vancouver Isl. 


Section Evatea, A. Ad., 1860. 


O. TENUISCULPTA, Carp. PI. 78, fig. 49. 


Whitish, thin, diaphanous; whorls 3, besides the nucleus, 
with impressed suture, with rather wide spiral sulcations, three 
on the upper whorls and upper part of body-whorl, six subobso- 
lete on the lower part of body-whorl; tooth acute, small. 


Length, 2°5 mill. 
Neeah Bay. 


Unfigured Species. 


O. ZQuIScULPTA and O. DELICATULA, Carp. Cape St. Lucas, L.Cal. 
O. SUBLIRULATA, Carp. Mazatlan. 


Section Pyreuiina, A. Ad., 1863. 


Unfigured Species. 


P. Z1z1PHINA, P. PHotis, P. CONVEXA, P. LACUNATA, P. ARMATA 
and P. scALARIFORMIS, Carp. Mazatlan. 

P. NoTABILIS (Syns. P. turrita, C. B. Ad., P. quinquecincta, * 
Carp.), and P. TEREBELLUM (Syn. P. exarata, Carp.), of OC. 
B. Adams. Panama and Mazatlan. 

P. CLATHRATULA, C. B. Ad. Panama. 


IV. Polynesian Species. 


O. INTERSTRIATA, Souverbie. PI. 78, figs. 51, 50. 


Thin, subpellucid, somewhat glossy, cinereous ; whorls 7, longi- 
tudinally ribbed, the interstices with close spiral striz, columella 
with a stout fold. Length, 4 mill. 

New Caledonia, Samoa and Viti Ts. 

The last two localities are for O. densecostata, Garrett (fig. 
50), which that gentleman, in a letter to me, acknowledges to be 
a synonym. 


360 ODOSTOMIA. 


O. AMANDA, Garrett. PI. 78, fig. 52. 


Rather thin, subpellucid, somewhat shining, cinereous, longi- 
tudinally ribbed, constricted below the suture, forming a row of 
granules, interstices of equal width and spirally impressly striated ; 
whorls 7, convex, suture deep and crenulated; tooth obsolete. 


9 


Length, 3 mill. 

Viti Is. 
O. puLCcHRA, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 53. 

Thin, slightly shining, remotely longitudinally ribbed, with 
wider, closely spirally ridged interstices ; whorls 7, convex, nar- 
rowly shouldered above; white; plait small, oblique. 

Length, 4°5 mill. 

Viiiets: 
O. suLcaTA, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 54. 

Rather solid, subpellucid, shining, white; whorls about 12, 
longitudinally grooved, with narrower interstices, gradually dis- 
appearing on the back of the body-whorl, suture deep; plait 
stout, callous. Length, 8°5 mill. 

Viti Islands. 
O. oBELiscus, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 55. 

Shell thin, hyaline, white, decussated by microscopical longi- 
tudinal lines and spiral impressed striz ; whorls 10, suture linear, 
margined; plait rather small. Length, 6°5 mill. 

Viti Islands. 
O. virrEA, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 56. 

Thin, vitreous, pellucid, smooth, shining; whorls 11, suture 
linear, rather widely margined ; aperture with revolving lamellz 
within, fold stout; umbilicus with a small fissure. 

Length, 7°5 mill. 

Viti Islands. 
©. exinis, Garrett. . PI’ 79, fic. 57. 

Fragile, pellucid, shining, white, finely longitudinally striated ; 
whorls 6-8, convex, suture well impressed; columellar fold 
small. Length, 4 mill. 

Vitt Islands. 
O. DENSESTRIATA, Garrett. PI. 79, fig. 58. 

Thin, pellucid, shining, white; whorls 11, flatly convex. closely, 
finely spirally striated, crossed by more delicate growth-lines, 
suture impressed ; plait rather small. Length, 9 mill. 

Viti Islands. 


ODOSTOMIA. 361 


O. ornyzA, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 59. 


Thin, smooth, glossy, white; whorls 7, flatly convex, suture 
faintly impressed, broadly margined ; columella concave, slightly 
callous, with a rather small plait. Length, 3:5 mill. 

Viti Islands. 
O. CRYSTALLINA, Garrett. PI. 79, fig. 60. 

Rather thick, subpellucid, smooth, shining white, decussated 
by microscopic striz ; whorls 11-12, nearly flat, suture impressed ; 
columella arched, callous, with stout plait. Length, 7°5 mill. 

Vitti Islands. 
O. LUTEA, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 61. 

Smooth, shining, luteous yellow; whorls 9-10, flatly convex, 
the last obsoletely subangulated on the periphery, suture im- 
pressed and margined ; a slight umbilical fissure; plait distinct. 


Length, 7 mill. 
Viti Islands; New Caledonia. 
The last locality is for O. rufula, Souverbie. The description 
does not mention a sutural margin in that species, but it is in- 
distinctly shown in the figure. 


O. UNILINEATA, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 62. 


Smooth, shining, subpellucid, white, with a yellowish brown 
line just above the suture; whorls about 11, convex, with deep 
suture; aperture lirate within, fold prominent. 

Length, 10°5 mill. 

Vili Islands. 
QO. cusPIpATA, Garrett. Pl. 79, fig. 63. 

Smooth, shining, creamy white, with a microscopical articulate 
darker line on the middle of the whorls; whorls 13-15, convex, 
the last showing growth-lines, suture deep; aperture lirate with- 
in, slightly expanded at the base; columella callous, fold stout ; 
umbilicus fissured. Length, 11 mill. 

Viti Islands. 
O. acicuULINA, Souverbie. Pl. 79, fig. 64. 

Smooth, subpellucid, white, with two orange-brown revolving 
lines, sometimes coalescing into a single broader band; whorls 
11, longitudinally, minutely, impressly striate, suture impressed, 
sometimes spirally substriated on the base, varicose around the 
umbilicus; columella with an ascending plica. Length, 8 mill. 

New Caledonia, 


362 ODOSTOMIA. 


O. BULIMOIDES, Souverbie. PI. 79, fig. 69. 


Rather solid, corneous white, longitudinally subobliquely 
striated; whorls 9, slightly convex, with impressed suture ; 


plait distinct. Length, 6 mill. 
New Caledonia, 


O. pup#ForMIS, Souverbie. PI. 79, figs. 65, 66. 


White, longitudinally costate, the equal interstices spirally 
impressed striate ; whorls 9, slightly convex, suture rather deep ; 
columella strongly plicate. Length, 5°5 mill. 

New Caledonia ; New South Wales. 


O. Kreffti, Angas (fig. 66), is a synonym. 


O. t&vis, Angas. PI. 79, fig. 67. 


Thin, subdiaphanous, shining, white; whorls 7, a little 
rounded, suture channeled ; fold strongly developed. 


Length, 7 mill. 
Port Jackson, Australia. 
O. ANGASI, Tryon. PI. 79, fig. 68. 


Rather thin, smooth, shining, white; whorls 6, flattened, 
suture impressed ; columellar fold strong. Length, 6 mill. 
Port Jackson, Australia. 
Described by Angas as O. laclea, preoccupied by Dunker. 


O. (PAaRTHENIA) Pascorr, Angas. PI. 79, fig. 70. 


Rather thin, rimate, pale yellowish brown; whorls 7, longitu- 
dinally rather closely plicate, plicz evanescent on the basal 
portion of the last whorl, transversely finely striated ; whorls 8, 
somewhat convex, suture well impressed; columellar plait 


moderate. Length, 8 mill. 
Port Jackson, Australia. 


O. VincentTina, Tryon. PI. 79, fig. 72. 


Moderately thin, white, regularly longitudinally ribbed, the 
interstices crossed by very fine hair-like strize ; whorls 74, slightly 
convex, contracted at the suture, suture profound; columellar 


plait strong. Length, 5 mill. 
St. Vincent's Gulf, Australia. 


The specific name is substituted for O. (Parthenia) gracilis, 
Angas, not Pease. 


ODOSTOMIA. 363 


O. simpLEX, Angas. PI. 79, fig. 71. 


Rather solid, smooth, whitish; whorls 74, rather flat, a little 
angulated at the suture; aperture lirate within, plait sharp, 
transverse. Length, 4 mill. 

Port Jackson, Australia. 
O. sTRiATA, Pease. PI. 79, fig. 73 

Subpellucid, whitish, spire sometimes stained yellowish or 
brownish, finely spirally striated; whorls 7, planely convex, 
slightly angulate at the well-impressed suture ; fold distinct. 

Length, 5°5 mill. 

Paumotus. 
WO ronira. Pease. Pl. 79, fig. 14. 


Smooth, glabrous, whitish or yellowish; whorls 8, nearly 
plane, suture slightly impressed; columella callous, fold well- 
developed. Length, 6 mill. 

Tahiti. 
O. RUBRA, Pease. PI. 79, fig. 75. 

Longitudinally striated, and indistinctly so spirally, light rose 

color ; whorls 9-10, plane, suture margined ; columella slightly 


callous, fold small. Length, 10 mill. 
Paumotus. 
O. ROSACEA, Pease. Pl 79, fig. 76. 


Solid, smooth, shining, rosy, paler at the base; whorls 5, 


plano-convex, suture obsoletely margined, with a row of obsolete 
light spots. Length, 7 mill. 

Paumotus. 
O. aracitis, Pease. Pl. 79, fig. 77. 


Thin, elongated, finely spirally striated ; whorls 6, flatly convex, 
acutely angulated at the suture. Length, 4 mill. 
Sandwich Is. 
O. DEBILIS, Pease. Pl. 79, fig. 79. 


Rather thick, longitudinally striated, and very minutely so 
spirally ; whorls 9, flat, acutely angulated at the suture, periphery 
obtusely angulated ; white, spire rosy. Length, 9 mill. 

Howland’s Isl. 


Undetermined Species. 
O. optusa, Gould. Bonin Islands. 


O. BULLULA, Gould. Loo Choo. 


364 ODOSTOMIA. 


V. Asiatic Species. 
'O. FasciaTa, Dunker. Pl. 79, fig. 81. 


Very smooth, shining, white, with a thin band; whorls 8, flat, 
with incised suture ; plait distinct ; columella barely rimate. 
Length, 5 mill. 
Japan. 
O. uactEA, Dunker. PI. 79, fig. 80. 


Rather solid, white, shining; whorls 8, flattened, with deep 


suture; fold conspicuous. Length, 6°5 mill. 
Japan, 
O. cosTuLATA, Dunker. PI. 79, fig. 83. 


Longitudinally costate, whitish; whorls 8, a little convex, 


suture distinct; plica oblique, strong. Length, 5 mill. 
Japan. 
QO. caninaTa, A. Ad. Pl. 79, fig. 82. 


Imperforate, thin, smooth, whitish; whorls 6, the upper ones 
unicarinated. The body bi-carinated, shouldered ; plica distinct. 
Length, 3 mill. 
Persian Gulf. 
Probably a monstrosity. 


O. cLysMATICA, Issel. PI. 79, fig. 84. 


Imperforate, solid, white, a little shining, transversely costu- 
late; whorls 54, a little convex, suture margined, upper whorls 
longitudinally plicate, the last at the suture only; plait small. 

Length, 2 mill. 

Red Sea. 
O. pEcoRATA, Phil. Pl. 79, fig. 85. 


Longitudinally plicated, the wider interstices spirally striated, 
plicee continuing to the base; whorls 6, slightly convex, with 


well-impressed suture; plait small. Length, 3 mill. 
Red Sea. 
O. cRATICULATA, Issel: PI.'79, fig. 86: 


Imperforate, yellowish white, solid, a little shining; longitu- 
dinally plicate, plicze stopping at the periphery of the last whorl, 
spirally costulate throughout; whorls 64, flatly convex, suture 
profound ; tooth small; umbilical region excavated. 


Length, 3 mill. 
Red Sea. 


ODOSTOMIA. 365 


O. Sureziensis, Issel. Pl. 79, fig. 87. 


Yellowish white, translucent, somewhat solid, smooth ; whorls 
6, rapidly increasing ; suture lightly impressed, brown margined ; 
tooth small. Length, 4 mill. 
Red Sea. 
-O. souipuLA, Philippi. Pl. 79, fig. 88. 
Subimperforate, white, smooth, shining; whorls 6; suture 
deep ; lip striate within. 
Red Sea. 


Issel’s figure shows indistinct spiral striz. 


Unfigured Species. 


O. SUTURALIS, O. SUBULATA, O. Erytorm@A, O. DOLIARIS, all of 
Philippi. Red Sea. 

O. VIRIDESCENS, O. PHYSOIDES, O. LIRATA, O. PUNCTICULATA, Gould. 
China Sea. 

O. SUBPLANATA, O. PLANATA, Gould. Hong Kong. 
O. scALARINA, O. soLuTA, Gould. Loo Choo. 
O. SUBDIAPHANA, QO. ACHATINELLA, O. PRUINOSA, O. NEGLECTA, 
O. cANA, O. NIVEA, O. GoNIOsTOMA, O. OVOIDEA, O. SUBANGU- 
LATA, O. vITREA, O. pyam@a, O. NANA, O. JAPONICA, O. VEN- 
TRICOSA, QO. OBESULA, O. puPA, O. TENERA, O. SCALINA, O. 
ELATA, O. HYALINA, O. OBLONGA, O. (AURICULINA) OVALIS, 

O. (AuRIcULINA) GrRAyI, O. (EVALEA) PyRAmis, O. (EvA- 
LE\) ARCUATA, O. (EVALEA) ELEGANS, O. (MiIRALDA) DIA- 
DEMA, O. (MIRALDA) GEMMA, O. (MiraLpA) Marrena, O. 
(PARTHENIA) c@LATA, O. (Parta.) casTa, O. (PARTH.) 
Minna, O. (Parru.) Brenpa, O. (PARTH.) ELEGANTULA, O. 
(PartTH.) PyamM@a, O. (ParTH.) PULCHELLA, O. (PaRTH.) 
CONCINNA, QO. (PARTH.) MIRANDA, O. (PARTH.) PURA, O. 
(ParTH.) CELATA, O. (PARTH.) BELLULA, O. (PARTH.) FENES- 
TRATA, QO. (PYRGULINA) DEcUSSATA, O. (PYRG.) TANTILLA, 

QO. (PaRTH.) serrata, O. (PARTH.) LITTORALIS, O. (PARTH.) 
PUNCTIGERA, QO. (CHRYSALLIDA) SEMIPLICATA, O. (PaARTH.) 
PaGopuLa, O. (Parra.) pusio, O. (PARTH.) FOVEOLATA, O. 
(PARTH.) COSTELLATA, all of A. Adams. Japan. 

O. viTRmA, O. ELLIPSOIDEA, O. CANALICULATA, O. MEGACHEILOS, 
G. ACUTELIRATA, O. FALLAX, O. NEVILLI, Folin. (Descerip- 
tions are inaccessible to me.) Andaman Isl. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMaAe 


EULIMIDA, PYRAMIDELLIDA, TURBONILLIDA. 


PAGE, 
Abbreviata (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884, . 275 
Abbreviata (Odostomia), Monts. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 


88,1884, . : : : . 304 
Abbreviat a (Sty lifer suban gulatus, var.), Méorch. " Mal. 
Blitt., Sx, 183, 1805, ; . 292 


Acanthyllis (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., XVil, Ue, 278 
Acerrima (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvii, 118, 278 
Achates (Pyramidella), Gld. Otia Conch., 186, 1352, . 303 
Achatinella (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d 


ser., vi, 417, 1860, : : - : : . 365 
Acicula (Eulimella), Philippi. Enum. Moll. Sic.,.1,"p- 158: 
t.19, 0.96, 18260 5 : 5 3 : . 340 


Acicula (Leiostraca), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 84, 1849, 282, 268 
Acicularia, Monterosato. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 102, 
1884, . - - “ . . 209 
Acicularis (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. “Zool. Proc., p. 182, 1853, 335 
Acicularis (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. De 
125, 1861, . : . 278 
Aciculata (Hulima), Pse. Zool. Proc. D. 438, 1860, ; . 278 
Aciculata (Eulima), Sowb. Conch. Icon. , Sp. 36 (not ash: 


= HE. acicula, Gould, . 282 
Aciculata (Sy rnola), A. Ad.’ Sowb., “‘Thes. Conch., ii, p. 

808, t. 171, f. 21, 1855, : . 306 
Aciculina, Desh. (not H. and A. Aad. ye 1853. . 

— Baudonia, Bayan, 1864, : Apo) 
Aciculina (Odostomia), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., eee 

p. 150,1865, . are . 361 
Aclis (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proce. D. O77, 1851, : . 278 
Aclis (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, : : . 306 
Aclis (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 

816, t. 172, f. 16, 17, 1855, eee eh ean 


Actwopyramis, Fischer. Man. de Conch. _ 187, 1885, 20g odie 
Acuformis (Eulima), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Asiatic Soe. 
Bengal, p. 98, 1875, . Bee dye 
Aculeus (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. “Pan. Cat., 164, 1852, . 334 
(366) 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 367 


PAGE, 
Acuminata (? Chrysallida),C. B. Ad. Panama Sh., No. 220, 
1852, . . 334 
Acuminata (Monoptygma), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, P 406, 
ES61,.. . old 


Acus (Obeliscus), Gmel. Sy st. Nat., p. 3451, : : . 301 
Acuta (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., po216; 135. . 268 


Acuta (Leiostraca), Sowb. Zool. Proe., 8, 1834, 280 
Acuta (Odostomia), Jeffr. Ann. and M: ag. Nat. Hist., od 
Ber, 1, p.d08,. -. . 348 


Acutalis (Bulima), Jeffreys. "Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xi, 

p. 397, t. 16, f. 5, 1883. 
Acutelirata (Odostomia), Folin. Moll. Andam., 365, Ba | 
Acuticostata (Odostomia), Jeffr. Zool. Proce., x 359, 1884, 322 
Acutidens (Odostomia), Dall. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 


p- 331, 1883, : . 358 
Acutissima (Leiostraca), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. » Sp: 

TO: S665 <:. . 281 
Acutissima (Turbonilla), Monts. "Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 

92,1884, .. eee OP 8 Seca EN A 
Acutus (Turbo), Donoy. Brit. Shells. 

= Turbonilla lactea, Linn. ; : ; : : - oon 
Adamantina (Eulima), Folin. Les ike ee D. 62, 

ie i 2 LOOT, |: - 272 
Adamsii (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, ‘Conch. Icon. 8p 38, 1866. 

= KH. nitidula, A. Ad. ; ; a aitel: 
Adamsi (Py ramidella), Tryon, °. : ‘ ; : . 306 
Aigleés (Nisso), Bush. Rep. U.S. Fish Comm., p. 83, 1883— 

1885, : : - 3 : : ; . 288 
Mquisculptis (Odostomia), Opr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

Xiv, p. 46, 1864, : : : : . ; 309 
Affinis (Chemnitzia), C.B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 165, 1852; Carp., 

Zool. Proc., 339, 1863, : . 334 
A ffinis (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Contrib. D. 110, 1850, 3 rst i | 
Affinis (Eulima), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., ii, p. 135, 1844. 

= eacieuia, Phil. var... . 340 


Agatha, A.Ad. Ann. "Mag. Ne Hist. 3 ser., vi (422, 1860, 296, 309 
Alba (Odostomia), Jeffrey Ss: Ann. "Mag. N. Hist. ., 2d ser., ii, 


Aaieeaee ser iil, t: a, 1. 202 =O. Rissoides, Hanley, var. 347 
Alba (Odostomia), Calkins. Cat. Shells of Florida, p. 239, 
teed, be 2S nae 


Albella (Odostomia), Lovén. Ind. Moll. Scand., ?. 19, . 349 
Albella (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann, ee N. Hist., 3d ser., 


Vil, 2g, LOGl,. -: “ - 339 
Albida (Cythnia), Carp. Suppl. Rept., 651, 1864, 3 . 293 
Albula (Menestho), Gould (not ae Inv ert. Mass. 1842. 

= M. striatula, Couth. .-. . 345 


368 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


; PAGE. 
Albula (Menestho), Moller. Ind. Moll. Groenl., 1842; Bush., 

Proc. U. 8. Nat: Mus.; vi, p. 242). 9, £ 1, : : . 344 
Albus (Turbo), Pennant. Brit. Zool. 


— Odostomia lactea, Linn. 7 : . 322 
Albus (Turbo), Donovan. Brit. Shells, Mis 177. 

= Kulima polita, Linn. . . 274 
Alveata (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 45, 

Leola sod 
Amabilis (Eulima), Braz. Linn. Soe., N.S. W., ae 235, 

1876, . 278 
Amanda (Odostomia), Garr. " Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

p. 225, t. 3, f. 43, 18783, : . 360 
Amathis, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. ‘Hist., viii, "303, 1861, 296, 309 
Amaurella, A. Ad. “ool. Proe., 311, 1867, : . 260, 286 


Awmbigua (Pyramidella), Gld. Ota. Conch. , p- 60, 1846. 
— Rissoina, Gld., Otia. Conch., p. 245, : 
Ambigua (Turbonilla), Weink. ‘Conch. Mittelm., ds 216, 
1868. = Odostomia Interstincta, Monts. ; . 358 
Amblia (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn, Soe:; xvii: 127, ats 

Americana Ss mate a dod Orb. Amer. Mérid. Poul t. 53, 


fio. F . 331 
Ameena (Monopty oma), Nt: Aad. Zool. Proc., 1851, : . dla 
Ameena (Odostomia), Monts. Enum. e Sinon. 1D: Bake . 355 
Amaura,de Folin. 1873, . 295, o04 
Anceyana (Syrnolopsis), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 

20,1885, . : : : ‘ : . 316 
Angasi (Odostomia), Tryon, : 3 . 362 
Angelica (Eulima), Sowb. Conch. ‘Tilust., fic. 8. 

= KH. polita, Linn. . F : . 274 
Angulata (iulima), A. Ad. “Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 

197, S61, - : : : F E . 278 


Anousta (Chrysallida), Carp. Ann. Mag., xiv, 47, 1864, . 311 
Angusta (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. ,ad eee 
ill, t; 3; f208.. = Oj pallida; Mont. vary |: . 346 
Angusta (Odostomia), Monts. Conch. Medit., ie} - . d4l 
Anisocycla, Monts. Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., vi, p. 72, 1880. 


s= — Baudonia, Bayan. . : : : ; - shi 
Annulatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, 

p. S12, t Wil 26; 1855. == Oscilla A Ada : . 309 
Antiflexa (Eulima), Monts. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 101 

1884. = KE. incurva, var. exilis. H : : F Ae (5) 
Apheles (Eulima), Tenison-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 

p41, TS78; : ‘ . 278 


Apicalia, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. ix, 295, 1862, . 260, 283 
Apiculatum (Scalenostoma), Souverbie. Journ. de Conch., 
p:.883, 18765 peii, lei, : : ‘ : : . 287 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 369 


a 
Apiculatus (Stylifer), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch, p. 238, 
hee eo i. ae e201 
Aptyxiella, Fischer. Manuel de Conch, , 689, 1885, : Sop) 
Aptyxis, Zittel, 1873. Handb. Pal., i, pt. 2, 247, : . 299 
Arabica (Eulimella), Issel. Mare Rosso, p. 182, bo Dad 5, 
E69, : - . 341 


Arcuata (Hulima), C. B. ase Contrib. De 110, 1850, A rat a 
Arcuata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. , sp. 14, 1866. 


= KE. major, Sowb. . . 266 
oe (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., 

vi, 22, 1860, : : : j : : . 865 
Arcuella, G. and H. Nevill. Journ, Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 

p. 26, 1874, : 3 - - . 259 
Arenaria (Helix), Maton and Rachett. 

= Odostomia decussata, Mont. : . 302 
Areolata (Chemnitzia), Ray neval. Jeffreys, Zool. Proe. ; 354, 

1884. —  Odostomia indistincta, Mont. . 326 
Areolata (Turbonilla), Verrill. Rep. U. 8. Fish Commis- 

sion, i, p. 659, 1874, . . - 328 
Ariel (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. ‘Hist., viii, 

p- 239, 1861, : : : : : : : . 282 
Armata (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 415, 1857, . - 309 
Articulata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8, 1834, r . 269 
Asteriaphila (Stylina), re Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii, 

p. 478, 1864, 5 . 293 
Astericola (Stylifer), a as Voy. Samaran®, p. 46, t. 17, 


i, tools — 5. ovoides. H. and. A. Ad. . , ‘ . 290 
Astericola (Stylifer), Brod. Zool. Proe:, p. GO, 1832\. 2 - 290 
Astericola (Stylifer), Brown. Ill. Conch. Gt. Brit., 133, 1844. 


= 8. Turtoni, Brod. : - 290 
Attenuata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Eulima, 

sp. 46, 1866, : . 282 
Attenuata (Odostomia), ‘Jeffr.. Zool. Proc., P. 360, 1884. 

= Turbonilla micans, Monts. . : : . 323 


Attenuata (Stylifer), Soak Conch. Tee. sp. EL; SKB 2292 
Attenuatus pu belecns), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ip 
Preulet LiL, i225 1855, .< . 306 
Augur (Eulima), Angas. Zool. Proc. D. 56, 1865, : - 269 
Aurantia (Chemnitzia), C ae Jour. de Conch. » ls ee 


1865, . = : : - : ; - 303 
Aurantia (Eulima), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 144, 
1884, A 5 - : . 278 


Aurantiaca (Styloptygma), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 112,1867, 313 
Auriculina, Gray (not Grat. , 1838). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, 

— Ondina, Monts.) : . 321 
Auristomia, Monts. Il Nat. Sicil, p. 201, 1885, : ‘ wee 302 


24 


370 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 
Australis (Agatha), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 15, t. 1, £ 9, 

Au aes : . : : : : : _ 303, 309 
‘Australis (Cingulina), Tenison-Woods. Piae! Roy. "Soe:, 

Tasmania, p. 14, 1875, . 339 
Avellana (Oclostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser 

xix, 1864, - ° : 309 
Babylonia (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., p. 6, 1846, 358 
Bacula, H. and A. Adams. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, 1863, 259, 283 
Badia (Elusa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 237, 1862, . 3il 
Balcis, Leach MS. Gray, Zool. Proc., 1847. ‘Pat oot 259 
Balliz (Turbonilla), Thompson. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., 

151. = T. indistincta, Mont., ’ ” 396 
Balteata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc. Vii \D. 89, 186 283 
Balteatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., pe 

809, t. IT1, f. 25, 1855, : . 300 
Barleei (Chemnitzia), Clark. Ann. Nat. Hist. , Vii, (129, "1851. 

— Qdostomia eximia, Jefireys, . BA2 
Barronii (Stylifer), A. ‘Ad. Zool. Proc., PI 137, 1834, 291 
Baudonia, Bayan, 1873, E Z 2 319 
Bayania, Munier-Chalmas, 1877, . : : 2 . 266 
Beddomei (Chemnitzia), Petterd. Journ. of Conch, iv, p. 

136, 1884, : : 2 : : . 339 
Bellula (Odostomia), i‘ Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

3 ser., vi, 415, 1860, : : - : : : . 365 
hes (Odostoniia), Dall. Amer. Journ. Conch., vii, p. 

, 1872, : : : , ; 358 
oe ies (Bulima), Monts. ‘Jour. de Conch., 154, 1878, 278 
Bicarinata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Zool. Proc., p. 171, 1856, . 335 
Bicineta (Mucronalia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

v, p- 301, 1860, : - : - ° : . 285 
Bicincta (Odostomia doliolum, var.), Tiberi. Journ. de 

Conch., p. 62, 1868, : : t : - 395 
Bicincta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, 336 
Bicolor (Pyramidella), Mke. Mal. Blatt., i, p. 28, 1854, BU4 
Bifascialis (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 

88, 1864, é . 283 
Bifaccita (Eulima), d ‘Orb. ‘Cuba, i ‘ p. 216, 1853, > B19 
Bifasciata (Syrnola), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc., 

Tasmania, p. 13, 1375, 5 : : 309 
Bifasciata (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

3 ser., vii, 297, 1861, : z 7 ES week 
Bilineata (Eulima), Ad. ‘and Rve. Voy. Samarang, p. 52, t 

11, f. 24. = Leiostraca bivittata, H. and A. Ad. . = ike 
Bilineata (Leiostraca), Alder. Moll. of Northumb. and 

Durham, . : : a . - 2 : - - 279 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 
Bilirata (Jaminea), Folin. Fonds de Ja Mer, t. 29, f.3,  . 351 
Bipartita (Eulima), Morch. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 120, 1860, . 278 


Bisuturalis (Odostomia), Say. Jour. Philada. Acad., ii, 244, 
1821, 


371 


. 357 


Bittiformis (Chemnitzia) Cpr. Zool. Proe., p. 171, 1856, . 335 
Bivittata (Leiostraca), H.and A. Ad. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 

p- 239, : “ - : sate 
Bizona (Leiostraca), re Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., ‘Vii, p. 88, 

1864, . 283 
Bizonalis (Sy rnola), A. ‘Ad. Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

p. 334, 1860, : 309 
Bizonata (Eulima piriformis, var. ) Jeffreys. Zool. Proe., 

369, 1884, . . - . 276 
Boholensis (Chemnitzia), A. ‘Ad. "Zool. Proc., p- 180, 1853, 335 
Bonellia, Desh. (not Rolando), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., viii, 

Dp: 449. = Niso, Risso, . 261 
Boscii (Melania), Payr. Moll. de Corse. D. 112, ¢ 5, 'f. 15, 

16,1826. = Eulima polita, Linn. . - - 274 
Bourguetia, Desh., 1871, : - 63 
Brachystomia, Monts. ll Nat. Sicil., p. 200, 1885. 

= Odostomia, Fleming, : : : : - 320 
Brazieri (Cingulina), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 35, 1877, 338 
Brazieri (Stylifer), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 173, 1877, wok 
Brenda (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

478, 1860, . : - : : ‘ . 365 
re cicaln (Eulima), Dako 5 Fs : . 285 
Brevicula (Odostomia), Jeffrey s. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

xi, p. 397, t. 16, f. 4, 1883. — O. abbreviata, Monts. 304 
Brevicula (Odostomia), Monts. Enum. e Sin., 33, 1878, 305 
Brevis (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., p. 7, 1834,. : 267 
Brevis (Eulima), Requien. Coq. de Corse., p. 58, 1848. 

= KE. polita, Linn., var. . : - - 274 
Brevis (Odostomia Humboldti, var. .), Requien. Coq. Cors , 

p- 59, 1848, : . 345 
Breviuscula (Eulima), Dkr. Jahrbiich. Deutsch. Mal. Gesell., 

p- 242, 1875, , = ZU 
Broderipii (Stylifer), Adams. — ‘Ss. astericola, Brod. 290 
Brugnoni (Odostomia), Monts. Jour. de Conch. p. 266, 

ist4., — O.-clavula, Leven,’ .. . d44 
Bruneri (Menestho), V errill. Trans. Conn. Acad., :, D. 539, 

1882, . : : - 345 
Brunnea (Niso), Sowb. "Zool. Proc., 1, 1834, - 288 
Brunnea ig ae Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, D. 810, 

t. 171, f. 35, 1855, 306 


Bry chius (Stylifer), Watson. cate Linn. Soe., xvii, p. . 130, 
1883, . - - ° : A - 


372 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Bulbiformis (Stylifer), Sowb. Conch. Icon., sp. 18, 1878. 
= §. subulatus, Brod. and Sowb. . 

Bulimella, Hall. ‘Trans. aaa Inst., iv; 29, 1858. 
= Subulites, Conr. : : 

Bulimoides (Odostomia), Bru ugnone. Mise. Malac., Site; 
1873. =O) balimulus, Brugn. 


Bulimoides (Odostomia), Souverbie. Journ, de Conch., xiii, 


p. 151,1865, . oy eehy A ae 
Bulimorpha, Whitfield, 1882. = Subulites, Conrad, . 


Bulimulus (Odostomia), Brugnone. Monts , Jour. de Conch., 


268, 1874, : : : : : : : 
Bulimus (Eulima), Scacchi. = Odostomia plicata, Mont. 
Bulinea (Menestho), Lowe. Zool. Proc., p.'40, 1840,. 
Bullula (Odostomia), Gld. Bost. Proe., vii, p. 404, 1861, 
Bushiana (Odostomia), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 537 ; 

Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 357, 1884. =O. magnifica, Seguenza, 
Buxea (Syrnola), Gld. Otia Conch., p. 147, 


Celata (Chemnitzia),Carp. Ann. Mag.,3 ser., xv, 399, 1865, 
Celata (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 


p 308, 1861, 


Ceelata (Par thenia), A. Ad Tourn: Linn: Soc., vii, p. 4, 1863, 


Ceelata (Turbonilla), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 406, 1861, 

Calameli (Chemnitzia), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, p. 
273, 1880, 4 5 : ; : ; : 

Caledonica (Eulima), Morelet. Journ. de Conch., p. 342, t. 
Lo file lve, Wasik oe. ee eae Tin 

Callosa (Styliferina), A. Ad, Ann, and Mag., vi, p. 124, 
1870, . 

Cambessedesii (Melania), Payr. “Moll. de Corse, p. 107, t. 
ay eel Ae 4 

Campanellz (Melania), Phil, Moll. Sica. ss a 156, 1836. 
= Turbinella lactea, Linn., var. " : 

Campyla Sean Watson. Journ. Linn. Soe. » xvii, P. 
121, 1883, 

Cana (Odostomia), ‘A. Ad. Ann. Mag, N. Hist., 3d Ser; Vi; 
417, 1860, 


Canaliculata (Odostomia), C. B. Aad. Contr. p. 109, 1850, . ues 


Canaliculata (Odostomia), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . 
Canaliculata (Pyramidella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., p. 720, 1873, 
Canaliculata (Rissoa), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 223, 1844, 
Cancellata (Dunkeria), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 435, 1857, 


Cancellata (Dunkeria), V’Orb. Cuba, p. 225, t. 17, f. 1-8, 1853, ¢ 


Candida (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 181, 1853, 
Candida (Eulima), Marrat. Proc. Liverpool Philos. Soce., 
p. 339, 1880; Smith, Journ. of Conch., iv, 282, 


. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Candida (Turbonilla), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 207, t. 


Bee flo’ +. : : : . - : ; 
Candidula ’(Niso), A. Ad. Sowerb., Thes. Conch., ii 1. 802, 
1855, . : : 
Candidus (Obeliscus), Meusch. Morch, Mal. Blitt., XAT, 
158-.=— PP conica, CoB. Ad « : : 
Careliopsis, Mirch. 'Mal. Blatt., 1874, : : : 297, 
Carinata (Odostomia), H. Adams. Zool. a ye, 206, t t.23, 
f 4.1873," . : 
Carinata (Salassia), Folin, 1870. = — Cingulina, 


Carinatum (Scalenostoma), Desh. Conch. Réunion, P. 58, 
t.. 7, 1. 26, 27, 1863) 
Carneola (Eulima), Gould. Bost. Proc., p. 404, 1860, 


Casta (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 301, a 
Casta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, 


p.240,1861, . At IPN Wika arith 
Casta (Monopty oma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc l3al, : 
Castanea (Elusa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 237, 1862, 
C.B.Adamsi (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 427, 1857, 


Cedrosa (Odostomia), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p. 


331, 1883, 


373 


PAGE, 


Cereum (Styloptyema), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. , p. 236, 1862, 313 


Cerina (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. ,9 Ser., Vii, 
297, 1861, 

Charissa (Eulimella), Verrill. Trans. “Conn. Acad. , vi, p. 
193, t. 32, f. 4, 4a, 4b, 1884, 


- Chascanon (Eulima), Watson. Journ, Linn. Soc., xvii, p- 


114, 1883, : : : . : 

Chathamensis (Bulima), Hutton. " Cat. N. Zeal. Moll., 73. 
= Rissoa variegata, Angas, 

Chaunax (Eulima), Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc. , XVii iP. 114, 
1883. = E. piriformis, Brugn. - 

Chemnitzia, d’Orb. Pal. Franc., 1850, 

Chemnitzia, d’Orb., 1839 ar 1850), Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries. 
= — Turbonilla, Risso, 


Chemnitziana (Py ramidella), A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 


sp. 34, 


Chocolata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 220, 1866, 
Chrysallida, Carp. Mazat. Cat., 416, 1857, . F HOTS 
Chrysallida alee), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 


p. 127, 1861, 


Chrysozona (Ouenmuraa) 2 Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, p. 


301, t. 20, f. 21, 1880, 


Chydiea (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soe. aig 124, 


883, . 
Chyta (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn, Soe. ,XvV ii, p. 121 1883, 


374 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Cincta (Chrysallida), Cpr. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 220, 1866, 
Cincta (Pyramidella), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 198, 1842, 
Cincta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, 

Cinctella (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Svc., vii, p. 89, 
1864, . 4 5 : . : 

Cinctella (Pyramidella), ‘er Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. 
Hist., vi, p. 333, 1860, : 

Cinctella (‘Turbonilla), Mirch. Mal. Blitt., vi, p. Lig: 1860, 

Cingenda (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn, Soc., vii, p. 89, 
1864, 4 5 5 5 $ 

Cingulata (Monopty oma), Ke Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. 
Hist., 186) p—- Osean : ° ; : : 

Cinoulata (Hulimella), Issel. Conch. Mare Rosso, 182, 
1869.. == T. Isseli; Tryon, ; : 

Cingulata (Eulima), Requien. Cat. Moll. Corse, 58, é 

Cingulata (Turbonilla), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 239, 1860, 

Cingulina, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 414, 1860, 318, 

Cinnamomea (Elusa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., P. 237, 1862, 

Cionella (Eulima), Monts. Jour. de Conch., 154, 1878, 

Circinata (Cingulina), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
p. 414, 1860, . : . 318, 

Circinata (Oscilla), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 311, 1867, 

Circumcincta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 
88, 1864, 5 : ~ - ‘ . 

Circumdata (Chemnitzia), Gia. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 407, 1861, 

Clara (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 
129, 1861. —="B. pauxillns; A. Ad-) : , 3 ; 

Clathrata (Chemnitzia), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. 
Hist., ii, p. 245, 1848, ; 

Clathr ata (Odostomia), Monts. (not Seftr, MY. “Notizie Conch. 
Med., 41, 1872, var. ee as = Turbonilla es 
jana, Seguenza, 5 é . . 

Clathrata ‘(Tornatella), “Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i 166, 
1836. = Menestho Humboldti, Risso, . 

Clathratula (Chrysallida), C. B. Ad. Panama Sh., 165, 
311, 1852 

Clathratula (Monoptygma), Mirch. Mal. Bhitt., 2S. Dp. 169, 
1S15, 6 

Clausilliformis (Chrysallida), © Jarp. Mazat. Cat., 496, 1857, 

Clavella (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. ‘Hist., 
p. 129, 1861, 3 

Clavula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. “and “Mag. Nat. Hist., P 
125, 1861, 

Clav ula (Odostemia), Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scand. Dp. 18, 

Clavulus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., i, ap: 
SIL tT) tas Soo: tees, Achates, Gould, : : 


PAGE. 


. 315 


299 


- 336 


303 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Ba 


PAGE, 
Climacina, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sci. Nat. Palermo, xiii, 
126, 1878, S - ° z ‘ . 264 
Clysmatica (Odostomia), Issel. " Savigny, Descript. de 
VEgypte Coq,., t. 3, f. 36, . : : 3 - . 364 
Columella (Strombus), Meusch. Mus. Gevers., p. 490, 1787. 
= Obeliscus dolabratus, Linn. . . 300 
Columnella (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Zool. ‘Proc. Ds 935, 1862. 
= Pyramidella ornata, Git .: - 307 
Comatulicola (Stylifer), Graff. Zeitsch. Wissensch. Zool., 
v, supplement, p. 124, 1875, 3 . 293 


Commoda (‘Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, . 336 
Communis (Chrysallida), C. B. Ad. Panam, Sh., 166, 312, 


1852, . f s 297; 511 
Commutata (Eulimella), Monts. Nat. Sicil., 203, 1885; 

Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 98. =H. acicula, Phil. . . 340 
Compacta (Eulima), Carp. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii, 

p. 221, 1866, : : : : : 2 Peaks 


Compactilis (Bulima), Monts. Nuova Rivista, 35, . . 275 
Compactilis (Odostomia), se Brit. Conch., iv, 169, 
1867, : ; : : - . 339 
Compressa (Odostomia), Jeffrey s. Zool. Proc., p. 360,1884, 324 
Compta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 ser., 


wit, 208, 1861, . ; “ 2 - - » 39D 
Concinna ‘(Chemnitzia), “A. Ad. Aool. Proe;, p: 181, 18535. 300 
Concinna (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

479, 1860, . : : : : : . 314 
Concinna ( (Menestho), Mp Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860. 

= Amathis, < . : . : . 309 
Concinna (Monopty ema), A. “Ad. " Sowb., Thes. Conch., ili, 

Poreiset. 172, f. 34.1855, . : : : - 365 
Concinna (Odostomia elegans, var.), Monts. Il Nat. Sicil., 

p- 202, 1885, ‘ : - - oot 


Conica (Eulima), ©. B. Ad.  Contrib., p. 110, 1850, . one 
Conica (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 44, 1866, 270 
Conica (Pyramidella), C. B. Ad. Cat. Panama Shells, 200, 


1852, . : . 302 
Conoidea (Eulima), Kurtz and Stimpson. Bost. Proc., 

115, 1851, . , 273 
Conoidea (Odostomia), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. Subapp., ii, 

p. 659, t. 16, f. 2 - 3 . 349 
Conoidalis (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. pee 22, 

1865, s 209 
Consimilis (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Annals and Mag. Nat. 

Hist., 44,1861, . . dll 


Consobrina (Chry sallida), A. ‘Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
44,1861, . : . ° ° . 5 Olt 


376 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 

Conspicua (Odostomia), Alder. Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field 
Club, i, 359, : . 820, 349 
Conspurcata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., Wt 
Sia L864, “ . 283 

Constantia (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. ‘and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
viii, 240, 1861, . . 282 
Convexa (Chry sallida), Carp. Mazat: ‘Cat., “494, 1857, 359 


Cora (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. le Am. Mérid., 398, t. 'T6,-f. 
1-9, . . 332 
Corallina (Stylifera), @hemnitz. Bl is 2084 2085, 1795, . 292 
Cornea (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. De 181, 1853, . 335 
Corneliana (Proto), Newe. Amer. Journ. Conch., Vaup: 
16426. 17, 1.6, 1300; : : : z . . 312 
Cor pulenta (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Andaman., 1879, . 337 
Corrugata (Pyramidella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., ed. Desh., 


LVs2p. Ge _ os : : : - : . 305 
Corticaria (Odostomia), Say. N. E., i, 2d ed., t:'4, f. 559A. 

©. 1816) = Pupa*< : : : : . 858 
Costellata (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 302, 

1861, : : : oul! 
Costellata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann, Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., 

vii, 42, 1861, : ; neh 3 . 35 
Costifera (Turbinella), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proe., {ps eo. 

LSTd, 4 ; : 3 5 : : . 327 


Costulata (Odostomia), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 233, 1860,. 364 
pees (Turbonilla), Verrill. Rep. U. 8. Fish Commis- 
sion, i, p. 658, 1874, . : ; - : : - 329 
Crassa (ioaobeonaia Jeffreys . Zool. Proc., p. 350, 1884, . 340 
Crassa (Odostomia), Thompson. Ann. Mag. IN: Hist xy, 


315. =O. pallida, Mont., var. . 346 
Crassula (Eulima), Jeffreys. Malac. Conch. Mag., 34. 

= Kulimella Scille, Scacchi, . . 339 
Crassula (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proce. Linn. "Soe., vii, D. 90, 

1864, . : . 283 


Craticulata (Odostomia), Issel. Mar. Rosso, 180, 1869, . 364 
Craticulata (Odostomia), Renier. Brusina, Jour, de Conch., 


235, Soo, O. : 4 : e “ . 345 
Craticulata ’(Turbonilla), Mirch. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 119, 

1860, b : ? : . 334 
Crebrifilata (Chemnitzia), C arp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d 

ser., xv, 380, 1865, . ; . 0093 
Crebristriata (Chrysallida), “Carp. Zool. Proc, p. 170, 

1856, . : io Wl 
Crenata (Parthenia), Lowe. = Chemnitzia rufa, “Phil. . 326 


Crocata (Py spears A. Ad. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. , Sp. 
36,1865, . ° “ ° : . 307 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 317 


PAGE, 
Cryptoplocus, Pictet and Campiche. Mater. Pal. Suisse, 
957, 1854, . : : : 2299 
Crystallina ’(Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proce. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 
86,1864, . . 283 
Orystallina (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
p. 226, t. 3, £.49,1873, . 361 
Cry stallinula A urbonilla), Issel. "Mal. Mar. Rosso, p. 176, 
fl tale. 1869, ; ‘ ; . : : . 336 
Ginauais (‘Tornatellina), Pfr. Shuttleworth, Ann. N. Y. 
Eve. vi, 13. ==Odostomia, . : é : : . 358 


Cumingii (Chemnitzia), Carp. Zool. Proce., 170, 1856, . 336 
Cumingii (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 277, 1851, - 267 
* Cumingiana (Stylifer), Adams MS. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 


sp. 5, : : : : . 291 
Curta (Sty lifer), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., pl 535, 
1882, . 200 


Curtina (Chrysallida), Gould. Bost. Proc.. Viil. "280, 1869 , 311 
Curva (Eulima), Jetfreys MS. Monts., Jour. de Conch., 269, 


1874, . 275 
Curvata (Eulima), ‘A Ad. Ann.and Ma ag: Nat. Hist. ; p. 195, 

1861, : - 278 
Curvatus (Turbo), ‘Chiereg. MS. Ets incurva, Ren. : . 275 
Curvicostata (Turbonilla), S. Wood. CS, Brit. Conch., 

xiv, tol. — 0. indistincta, Mont. . - 326 


Cuspidata (Eulima), A. Ad. "Zool. Proe. Dp. 276, 1851, . 270 
Cuspidata (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 


p. 298, t. 3, f.54,1873, . . B61 
Cylindrata (Eulima), Watson. Journ, Linn. Soe. Vie De 
125, 1883, . - . 278 


Cylindrella (Py ramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 234, 1862, 307 
Cy lindrica (Mumiola doliolum, var.), B. D. D. Moll. Rous- 
sillon, 168, Saat at : F F 5 aDD 
Cylindropsis (Eulimella), Folin. Moll. Andaman, 1879, . 341 
Cythnia, Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., xiii, 312, 
oe es ORS TORS 


Dedala (Syrnola), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 235, 1862, . . 309 
Dealbata (Chemnitzia), Stimp. Bost. Proc., iv, p. 114, 1851, 357 
Debilis (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 

127, 1861, . é . 278 
Debilis (Odostomia), Monts (not of Pse.). ‘Nuova Rivista, 

p. 34,1875. = Anisocycla macilenta, Monts. . : . 341 
Debilis '(Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., ili, p. 292, 

t. 24, f. 21, 1867, - 5 . ° 3 . 363 
Debilis (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 420, 1860, . 335 
Decorata (Lia), Folin, 1872, . - : ; : . 318, 339 


378 INDEX AND SYNONYMY, 

PAGE, 
Decorata (Odostomia), Phil. Zeitsch. fur Malac., p. 29,1849, 364 
Decussata (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Br., ii, p. 322, t. 12, 

Tae hs ; : : ; . 821, 352 
Decussata (Py reulina), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 5, 

1863, : é 3 ; ‘ . 337 
Decussata (Turbonilla), ‘A. Ad. Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

LS8Gd.t. ‘ Cc : - : . sob) 
Decussata (Turbonilla), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 488, 1860, 335 
Deformis (Stylifer), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 293, 

t. 24, f..23, 1867, ; ; : ; 5 ‘ . 292 
Delicata (Odostomia), Monts. Journ. de Conch., p. 267, 

1874; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 359, 1884,  . - 323 
Delicatula (Odostomia), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

xiv, p- 47, 1864, : ; : . 399 
Densecosta (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., “ii, p. 

131, ta 24, t9) : ; : : ; . 326 
Densecostata (Odostomia), Garrett. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Phila., p. 223,t. 3, f. 42,1873. — O. interstriata, Souverb. 359 
Densestriata (Odestonnn), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Phila., p. 224, t. 3, f. 44, 1873, . : : é : . 360 
Dentaliopsis (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

p..127, 1s6l, ‘ ‘ : : : . 278 
Denticulata (Pyramidella), Sowb. Reeve, Icon., sp. 39, 

1865, . : . ‘ : - 306 
Dentiens (Eulima), Dkr. Mal. Blitt., XVili, p.1lb201 871i ea 
Deshayesiana (Rissoa), Recluz. Rey. Zool., 105, 1843. 

= QOdost. excavata, Phil. . . 855 
Deshayesii (Scalenostoma), aS ea, Vane and Mag. War 

Hist., vi, p. 128, 1870, : 7 2S 
Devians (Bulima i incurva, var.). Monts. Nuova Riv., Pp. 35, 275 
Diadema (Miralda), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 1860, 321, 365 
Diaphana (Odostomia), Jeffr. Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist., 2d 

Her, li; Piteels ze 5 ; ‘ : : : : . 850 
Dilucida (Odostomia), a En. e Sin., p. 32; Nat. Sicil., 

202, 1885, . : 5 : ; 5 . 351 
Disculus (Turbonilla), velai, Comptes Rendus, Juillet, 

1876, > ; : : 6 . 336 
Disparilis (Odostomia), Verrill. Proc. Conn. Acad., Vi, p. 

196, 18845 — ‘ ; 3 ; ‘ 5 . 358 
Dissimilis (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soe., xvii, p. 

128, 1883, . ale: 
Dissimilis (Menestho), Tiberi. Journ. de Conch. p: 62 1868. 

— M. bulinea, Lowe, . : . 345 
Distorta (Leiostraca), Pease. Zool. Proc. p. 438, 1860, 282 
Distorta (Melania), Phil. (not Defr.). Enum. Moll. Sicil., 

i, p. 158, t. 9, f. 10, 1836. = Eulima incurva, Renieri, . 274 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Dolabratus (Trochus), Linn. Gmel., Syst. eae pi 3985, 

No. 113. = Pyramidella, Lam. ; 295, 
Doliaris (Odostomia), Phil. Zeitsch. fiir Malac. \P. 29, 1849, 
Doliella, Monts., 1880, . 21321; 


Dolioliformis (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann, "Mag. Ns Hist., 
2d ser., 11, 342, . 
Doliolum (Rissoa), Ph. Moll. Sicil., 1a 5p. 132, t. 23, f, 19, 
1844, . yoo 
Donovani (Melania), Forbes. Malac. Monensis, p. 15, 1838. 
= Leiostraca subulata, Mont. . 
Dubia (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. Cuba, p. 236, t. xvii, f es 1853, 3 
Dubia (Eulima), Anton. Verzeich. der Conch., p. 62, 1839, 
‘Dubia (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., 
ii, 338. = O. Rissoides, Hanley, var. 
Dubia (Stylifer), Baird MSS. Brit. Mus. Conch. Icon. Sp. 8, 
Duncania, Bayle. Jour. de Conch., xxvii, 1879. 
= — Macrocheilus, Phillips, 


: ; : . 26 
Dunkeria, Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 434, 1857, . elBe ae 


Eburnea (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 127, 
USGL: 
Eburnea (Eulima), Meg. v. Miihl. Schrift. Berl. Ntf. Freunde, 
p:.216,4. 9, f. 7, 1829, : 
Eburnea (Liostomia), Stimpson. ‘Bost. Proc., iv, 14, 1851, 
Eburnea (Menestho), A. Ad. Ann. Mag.,1860. = Amathis. 
EKburneus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 232, 1862, 
Eburneus (Stylifer), Desh. Conch. Réunion, p. 57, t. 7, f. 25, 
1863, . $ : 
Effusa (Chry sallida), © arp. Mazat. Cat. 422, 1857, 
Eeregia (Mormula), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. ‘Soe. , Vii, p. 2, 1863, 
Elata. (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3d ser., Vi, 20, 1860, 
Electa (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 394, 1883, 
Elegans (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. Cuba, p. 223, t. 16, f. 25-27, 
1853, . : é ; : : E 
Blegans (Odostomia), x Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., 
vi, 22, 1860, : ‘: . oats 
Elegans (Odostomia), Monts. Test. Nuovi Mar. Sicil., 1 
f. a 1869 


Elegans (Syrnola), A. Ad. ee Thes. Conch., ii, p 808, 


meee dt) 19, 1855, : : : : : : ‘ 
Elegans (Turbonilla), Verrill. Amer. Journ. Sci., iii, p. 210, 
t. 6, f. 4, 1872, 


Elegantissima (Eulima), Folin. Les Méléagrin,, p. 65, t. 6, 


f. "5, LSCT; : : é ; 
Elegantissima (E ulima), Risso (non Mont. ): "Europ. Mérid., 
p. 123. = E. polita, Linn. : : : : ‘ 


380 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE 
Elegantissima (Eulima), Macg. Moll. Aberd., 141. 

= Turbonilla lactea, Linn. . 322 
Elegantula (Chry sallida), A. Ad. Ann.and Mag. Nat Hist., 

478, 1860, . 365 
Ellipsoidea (Odostomia), Folin. © Moll. ‘Isles Andaman, 365 
Elodia, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870, ; . 321, 355. 
Elodia (Eulima), Folin. Les Méléagrin. :B: 66, t.6; 176, 1867. 

? — E. micans, Carp. : . 272, 355 
Elongata (Cheredteats Humbolati, var.), Requien, Coq. 

Corse. = KH. bulinea, Lowe, . . 345 
Elongata (Eulima curva, var.), B. D. D. Moll. Mar. du 

Roussillon, p. 192, t. 21, f. 15, . . 275 
Elongata (Menestho) Phil. Bronn’s Jahrb. ; 292 1837. 

—  Menestho bulinea, Lowe, . . 345 
Elongata (Mumiola doliolum, var.), Monts. Il. Nat. Sci., 

p. 84, 1885, . 850 
Elongata (Rissoa), Phil. Moll Sic., t. OS f. 16. 

— Odostomia plicata, Mont. . 346 
Elongata (Turbonilla), Pse. Amer. Journ. Coneh., i il, p. 

293, t. 24, f. 22, 1867, ; - : : . 312 
Elusa, A. Ad. Zool. Proc. wave 237, 1862, 5 5 296, 310 
Emaciata (Odostomia), Brusina. ‘Contrib. Moll. Dalm. , 69, 

1865, . 352 
Emertoni (Turbonilla), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad. ,y, p. 

536, t. 58, f. 14, 14 a, 1882, . 828 
Engonia (Odostomia ), Bush. Trans. “Conn. Acad., vi, p. 

466, 1885, ; : : : : ; 5 . 343 
Entoconcha, Muller. Ueber Synopta digitata und ueber die 

Erzeugung von Schnecken in Holothurien, 1852, 263 
Ephamilla (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 

TUG Sash) wok ee Plog! O68) Rta aaa Senora 
Equalis (Turritella), Say. Proc. Phila. Acad., v, p. 208, 

1826. == Turbonilla, Verrill, : . : : . 829 
Erjaveciana (Odostomia), Brus. Journ. de Conch., p. 241, 

1869, . . 321 B51, 322 
Erucella ‘(Chry sallida), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soe., vii, p.°3; 

1861, 311 
Erythriea (Odostomia), Ph. “Zeitsch. fiir Malac., p. 28, 1849, 365 
Erythrosclera ee Morch. Mal. Boe ay p. 

160, 1875, .>. : : . aeSili 
Euchrysalis, Laube, 1866, . 263 
Eulima, Risso. Hist. Nat. de I Burope Merid., iv, p. 123, 

1826, 3 é : 258, 266 
Kulimella, Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., xiv, 412, 1846, . 319, 339 


Eulimoides (Odostomia), Jeffreys. "Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
xx, 17, 1847. = O. conoidea, Brocchi. 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 381 
PAGE, 
Eulimoides (Odostomia), Hanley. Zool. Proc., p. 18, 1844, 346 
Eulimopsis, Brugnone, 1880, ‘ é F é . 260 
Eurychada (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., xvii, p. 
129, 1883, Sh Se ee nS 
Evalea, A. Adams. Ann. Mag.N. Hist.,vi,22,417,1860, 321, 359 
Exarata (Menestho), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. llist., p- 
303, 1861, . . 845 
Exarata (Oscilla), Carp. Mazat Cat. 115) 1857, . 310 
Exarata (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 415, 1857. 
= Cingula (Parthenia) terebellum, C. B. Ad., 399 
Exarata (Stylifera), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 122, 1855, : a 291 
_ Excavata anata Ph. Enum. Moll. Sic isp: 154, 
tO. t. *G, . 855 
Exigua (Jaminea), Couth. Bost. Jour, Nat. Hist., ii, 92, 
1838. — Odostomia bisuturalis, Saye eon 
Exigua (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii Dp. 87, 1864, 283 
Exioua (Odostomia elegans, var.), Monts. Nuova Rivista, 
p- 31, ‘ - : : . dol 
Exigua (Odostomia rufa, var. r.), Monts. En. e Sins, p: 34, 
1878. == Chemnitzia densecostata, Ph. . JAAS Se 
Exilis (Chemnitzia), C. Bb. Ad. Contr., p. 74. 1859, 332 
Exilis (Eulima), Pse. Zool. Proe., p. 249, 1862. 
= HE. pusilla, Sowb. : - ; : , . 268 
Exilis (Eulima ineurva, var ), } Monts. Enum. e Sinon., p.35, 275 
Exilis i erenalts), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ix, 
p- 295, 1862 ‘ : : : : ; - . 285 
Exilis (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 
223, t. 3, f. 43, 1873, E F . 360 
Exilis (Odostomia Rissoides, var. . Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., 
iv, 123, : : : . 348 
Exilis (Pyramidella nitidula, var.), Jeffr. “Zool. Proc:;p: 
363, 1884, : é : ‘ : . 304 
Exilissima (Odostomia), Brus. Contr. Moll. Dalmatia, p. 
35, 1866. = O. obliqua, Alder, ; 350, 351 
Eximia ease eas Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
new ser.,iv,p. 299, . 392 
Eximia (‘Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 418, 1860, 336 
Eximium (Monoptygma), Lischke. Mal. Blitt. (RIX, Po lOd: 
1872; Jap. Meeres Conch., iii, 59, t. 3, f. 4-6, 3 . 314 
Fallax (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii, p. 123, 
1883, . : : : y . 278 
Fallax (Odostomia), Monts. Nuova Rivista, p. 31, . 349 
Fallax (Parthenia), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, 1879,  . 365 


Famelica (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 121, 


eee oo Wey A 


- 278 


382 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Fasciata (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. Amer. Mérid, p. 496, t. 76, 


PAGE. 


i. 4=6, seal 
Fasciata (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat. 423, 1857, . . ela 
Fasciata (Dunkeria), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. 

Tasmania, T-14, 1875, é . 3 ' : : eaiis! 
Fasciata (Eulima), Renieri. Tavol. Alfab., p. 4, 1804. 

= E. subulata, Donovan, ; : : : : . 279 
Fasciata (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 113, 

1883, . : : - ‘ ; 278 
Fasciata (Odostomia), Dkr. Mal. Blitt. vi, p. 234, 1860, . 364 
Fasciata (Syrnola solidula, var.), Jick. Jahrb. tur Malac., 

ix, p. 367, 1882, . . 309 
Fastigiata (Sty lifer), A. Ad. MS. “Reeve, Conch. Teon. f. 16, 292 
Fastigium (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch. ii, p. 

809, til. ft 8.1855, ° . 300 
Fenestrata (Chemnitzia), Forbes “and ‘Jeffreys. "Ann. and 

Mag. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 345, 1848, : 3dLT, 325 
Fenestrata (Odostomia), A. Ad. ‘Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist.. 

vi, 415, 1860, . 365 
Festiva (Turbonilla), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 35, ‘1877, 334 
Festiva (Turbonilla), Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 49, t. 5, 

f. 4-6, 1867, : : : ; - » 833 
laine (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soce., vii, p. 

VASES. sive : é : : mary | 
nna (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 432, 1850, (sacs 
Flavocincta (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 74, 1452, . 321 
Flavocincta (Eulima), Meg. v. Muhl. Verhand. Berl. Gesell., 

i, p. 216, t. 2, f. 6a, b, 1824. — EK. subulata, Donov. rt!) 
Flexa (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 126, 

1861, . 278 
Flexicosta (Odostomia Jeffrey si, var. ), B. De is Moll. Mar. 

Rouss., Fase. 4, p. 170, t. 20, f. LOn =. . 304 
Flexuosa (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proe., p. 277, 1851, 267 
Flexuosa (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Rep. Brit. Assoc. speldze 

1873, . 827 
Floridanus (Obeliscus), Moreh. Mal. Blitt. xxii, p. 158, 1875, 304 
Folini (Eulimella), Fisch. Berchon’s Fonds de la Mer, i, 

py T4905 tet. 8, ; : : 5 : : . 341 
Formosa (Chemnitzia), Jeffrey s. Ann.and bs Nat. Hist., 

ii, p. 347, 1848, . , . 323, 325 
Formosa (Turbonilla), ‘Verrill and Smith. Amer. Journ. 

Sci., xx, p. 392. (880i, — T. BushianaVerntl: 

Foveolata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

1860, : : : ‘ ; . 365 
Fragilis (Turbonilla), A. ce Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, 336 
Fulgidula (Odostomia), Jetfr. Zool. Proc., p. 359, 1884, 323 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 383 


PAGE. 
Fulva (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, : . 313 
Fulva (Pyramidella), Sowb. Reeve’s Conch. Icon., sp. 42, 


1865. =  Syrnola brunnea, A. Ad. . : : 5 . 306 
Fulvescens (Eulima), A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon.. sp. 40, 
1866, : : : : 2 - 285 


Fulvo- aoe (Leiostraca), oy B. Ad. Shells of Jamaica, . 280 
Fulvo-cincta (Turritella), Thompson. Ann. Mag., v, 98, . 326 
Fusea (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 18l, 1853, . . 3dt 
Fuseca (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. Bost. Jour. N. Hist., ii, 282, 356 
Fusco-apicata (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 369, 1884, 276 
Fusco-strigata (Eulima), Carp. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
Xiv, p. 47, 1864, : - 2213 
Fusispira, Hall. 24th N. ne Report, 299, 1872, . . <2 
Fusulus (Odostomia), Mons. Jour. de Conch., 306, 1878, . 352 


Gabbiana (Chemnitzia), Cooper. —C.torquata, var. stylina, 333 
Galbula (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soce., vii, p. 3, 


1863, . - oll 
Galy agni (Rissoa), “‘Aradas. = Odostomia Warrenii , Thomp. 390 
Garrettii (Pyramidella), Tryon, . . 302 
Gemma (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 302, 

P36! . : : : : : - SOLE 


Gemma (Miralda), ‘A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, 365 
Gemmulosa (Dunkeria), C. B. Ad. Moreh, Mal Bhitt. ;XXi1, 

HGS. e ‘s . 338 
Gentilomiana (Eulima), ‘Iscel. M: ate Rosso, 183, 1369, seen 
Gervillei (Melania), Collard des Cherres. Catal. Finistiére, 


p. 42, 1830. = Eulima polita, Linn. - : : . 274 
Gibba (Apicalia), A; Ad; Ann. Mag. N.. Hist; 1x5 295; 

1862, . . 283 
Gibba (Bulima), Folin. Les Méléagrin. ate 64, t. 6, os 1867, 272 
Gibbosa (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 430, 1857, . 333 
Gibbosula (Eulima), A Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, 

p. 239, 1861, é : : : : : AN ite) 


Gibbum (Sty lopty oma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236, 1862, 313 
Giraudi (Syrnolopsis), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 


Bi tSS>,. ; : : P ; , F - . 316 
Glaber (Eulima), Da Costa. Brit. Conch., 117, 1779. 

== KH. subulata, Donovan, . 2h0 
Glabra (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., Dp. 367, 1884, . 20 
Glaberrima (Eulima), Risso. Europ. Mérid., p. 124, 1826. 

potas, inw, . : : , . 274 


Glabrata (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zooks Proc ca0l, 1867, . 286 

Glabrata (Odostomia), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll, iii, 
283. = QO. Rissoides, Hanley, var. . : : . . 347 

Glans (Pyramidella), Rve. Zool. Proc., p. 198, 1842, . . 305 


~ 


384 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Globosus (Stylifer), Johnston. Proc. Berw. Club, 1, 275, 
1841. —S. Turtoni, Brod. - : : : : . 290 
Gomphus (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn Soce., xvii, p. 125, 


1883, . Pri . 218 
Goniochila (Styliferina), A. Adams. Ann. Mag. . Hist., 

3 ser., vi, 835, 1860, . : . 286 
Goniostoma (Niso), As Ad: “Sowb. Thes. Conch., il, p. 801, 

1850, 288 
Goniostoma (Odostomia), re Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. ; 3d 

ser., vi, 416, 1860, 5 ‘ . 365 
Gouldi (Odostomia), Carp. 2d ‘Brit. Assoc. Rept., 144) 

1864. = O.satura,var. . . 858 
Gracilenta ( (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii p- 

89,1864, . : : . 283 


Gracilenta (Odostomia ‘interstincta, var u.), Monts, Conch. 
Medit., 12. 

Gracilior (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat, 167, 1852, 334 

Gracilis (Chemnitzia), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 187, 1844. 


= Odostomia delicata, Monterosato, : : : . 323 
Gracilis (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 110, 1850, . 277 
Gracilis (Eulima), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 2 ser., ii, 330, 

1848. = Eulimella acicula, Se. var. ‘ ; . d40 
Gracilis (Eulima incurva, var. i Forbes and Hanley. B.M., 

ili, p. 233, t. 92, E-Gihc . . 275 
Gracilis (Mucronalia), Pse. Am. ‘Journ, Conch., iii, p. 295, 

t. 24, f. 27, 1867, : : ‘ : ‘ ; . 284 
Gracilis (Odostomia), Pse. Am. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 292, 

t. 24, f. 20, 1867, : : 4 : . 363 
Gracilis (Odostomia), Phil. Moll. sieil., li, 128, t. 28, fh 13) 

1844. =O. interstincta, var. . ‘ . 353 
Gracilis (Parthenia), Angas. Zool. Proc. P 862, th ay: ee 

Mis. = s: Vincentina, Tryon, : é : . 362 
Gracilis (Pyramidella), A. Adis. : ‘ : : mas) A) 
Gracilis (Pyramidella), Broce. Adams, in Thes. Conch. 

Obeliscus, p. 807. =? P. turrita, A. Ad. ; c . 302 


Gracilis (Turritella), Desh. Exp. Morée, 147. 
= Turbonilla lactea, Linn. 5 ‘¢ é : : 4S) 
Gracillima (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 431, 1857,  . 333 

Gracillima (Eulima), Sowb. Rve., Conch. Icon. roe 32, 


1865, . . 272 
Gracillima (Obeliscus), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., p. T34, 

1871. =S8S.Smithii, Tryon, . . 308 
Gracillima (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. . 

Hist., v, p. 405, 1860, : . 296, 307 


Gracillima (Turbonilla), Gabb. Calif, Proc., iii, p. 186, 
1866. = C. torquata, Gld., var. stylina, . : - - 338 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 385 


PAGE. 
Gradata (Turbonilla), Monts. Enum. Syn. 33, 1878, aes 
Dautz. Dollf. Moll. Rouss., 180, 1883, = . 323 
Graduata (Oceanida), Folin, 1870, - : F ; 319, 343 
Granata (Odostomia ), Folin, : : : . 851 
Granatina (Odostomia impressa, var.), Dall. Proc. Nat. 
Mus., vi, 331, 1884, . - 306 
Grandidieria (Sy rnolopsis), ‘Bourg. Notice Prodr.. Tan- 
ganika, 18, 1885, : - 316 
Grandis (Chemnitzia), Ad. and Rve. " Voy. Samarang g, p. 
arctan td. Ais |. . 312 
Grandis (Bulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, . . 266 
Grandis (Turbonilla), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p. 
427, 1885, . : : : : 3 - 329 


Granulata (Monoptyema), A. Ad. Zool. Procstlsal, ; ald 
Gravida (Odostomia), Gould. Bost. Proc., vi, 376, 1852, . 358 
Grayi (Auriculina), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3 ser., v, 407, 1860; 

Wil, 45,0861, . . : - : : - . 365 
Guentheri (Apicalia), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 35, 1877, 283, 284 
Guildingii (Hulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proe., ps 200, 1851.) 2 278 
Guttata | (Plotia), Link. Mus. Bost. 

= Pyramidella acus, Linn. : : : : . . 301 


Haliella, Monterosato. Enum. e Sinon, 35, 1878, . 259, 282 
Halloysia, Briart and Cornet, 1878, _.. . 298 
oo bae (Syrnolopsis), Bours. Notice Prodr. Tanjanika, 

ry, 18 2 : - - 316 
Harveyi ios), Thompson. Ann. Mag. N: Hist., 1 ser., 

vs 07,1840. = Odost. excavata, Phil. .. 4 ‘ - 30D 
Hastata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . oo ate 
Hastata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 85,1864, 282 
Hastatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 

Bee itl, tc. VRo0., —- P. conica, C, B. Ad, : . 302 
Hebes (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 127, 


1883, : : 5 : : - 278 
Hemphillii (Bulima), Dall. ‘Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. me p. 

330, 1883, . : : : : - 282 
Hians (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soce., xvii, p. 115, 

1883. ?—E. piriformis, Brugn. . TG 


Hofmani (Turbonilla), Angas. Zool. Proc., 183, 1877, . 334 
Holdsworthi (Apicalia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. Ds O505 1874, 283 


Holopella Sandberger (in part). == Loxonema, Phillips, . 264 
Hoplopteron, Fischer. Journ. de Conch., xxiv, p. 232, 
1876, - : : : . 261, 289 
Hortensize (Odostomia), Nansouty, : 2 . 321, 355 
Humboldti Greens Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iy 
394, 1826, . : : ‘ . 345 


25 


386 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Humilis (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 90, 
1864, . ° . . . ‘ 
Hy alina (Bulima), ‘Watson. “Journ, Linn. Soe., xvii, p. 126, 
18383, . F 3 . A rc 
Hyalina (Eulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vii, 47, 1861, 
Hyalina (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag.,3 ser., vi, 20, 1860, 
Hyalina (Pyramidella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 233, 1860, 
Hyalina (Pyramidella), Garrett. Proc. Phila. Acad., p. 228, 
t.. 3, £06, L873, : - - : : - : : 


Imbricata (Niso), Sowb. Zool. Proc., i, 1834, ; 
Impressa (Odostomia), Say. Jour. Phila. Acad., ii, 244, 
1822, . 


Incerta (Bulima), aoe. Merrell: dee Goncke p. 62, 1839, 2 2 


Incerta (Eulima), d’Orb. Cuba, i, p. 218, 1853, 

Inconspicua (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. 301, 
LSol. 

Incurva (Eulima), Renieri. Tavol. Alfab., p. 4, 1804, : 

Indeflexa (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
p. 128, 1861, : : : ; : E 

Indentata (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 425, 1857, 

Indistincta (Chemnitzia), Mont. Test. Br. Supp., p. 129, 

Indistincta (Turritella), Flem. Brit. Anim., p. 304. 
= Chemnitzia rufescens, Forbes. . 

Inflata (O. lostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., XV, 1865, 

Inflexa (Eulima), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 294, 
1867. = K. solida, Sowb. : 

Inflexa (Eulima polita, ope Monts. Enum. e. Sinon, 35, 
18785... : : : : . : 

Inflexa (P hasianella), Blainv. Man. Mal., t. 35, f. 5, 1825. 

- ? = Eulima major, Sowb. 

Infundibulata (EKulimella), Folin. Moll. Andaman, 1879, 

Innovata (Turbonilla), Monts. Nomenc. Conch. Medit., 92, 
1884, . 

Inquinata (Leiostraca), A. Aa. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bis P. 90, 
1864, . 

Inseulpta (Odostomia), DeKay. Moll. N. a 
= O. impressa, Say, . 3 

Inseulpta (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl., p. 129, 

Intermedia (Dunkeria), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 435, 1857, : 

Intermedia (Eulima), Cantraine. Diagn. Moll. Bull. Ac. 
Brux., p. 14, 1835, : : : ; 2 : 

Intermedia (Odostomia), Brus. Journ. de Conch. 5 De 2ans 
1869. = Miralda canaliculata, Phil. 

Intermixta ‘a (Odostomia), Monts. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 
Bie UBSe. Nie. : : ; - - : - ° 


PAGE, 


. 283 


. 278 
. 341 


365 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 387 


PAGE, 
Internodula (Odostomia), not of S. Wood. Monts., Jour. 
de Conch., 39, 1877. = Turbonilla rosea, Monts. . . 326 
Interrupta (Leiostraca), A AG.? SP roe: Linn. Soe. , Vil ia 89, 
1864, . ‘ ° . 283 
Interrupta (Niso), Sow. Zool. Proc., 1, 1834, : : . 288 
Interrupta (Turritella), Totten. Am. Jour. Sci., Ist ser, 


REV, f. 7, . 326, 329 
Interstincta (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Br, py: "324, ‘t. 12 

lO, 5 : as 
Interstriata (Odostomia), Souv. Journ. de Conch., xiv, 

p. 255, 1866, : : - - . : . 359 


Intus-lirata (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman. . 337 
Iopsis, Gabb. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., xv, 227, 1873, . 260 
Jota (Chemnitzia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 406, 1861, . 335 
Iota (Eulima), OC. B. Ad. Shells of Jamaica, . : . 274 
Isselli (Turbonilla), Tryon. . : : : : ° - 339 


Janella, Grat. (not Gray). Conch. Foss. Adour., 14, 1838. 

— Niso, Risso. . - : - 261 
Jamaicensis (Eulima), C. B. Aa. ‘Bost. Proc., p. 6, 1845, . 273 
Japonica (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proce. eae 1867, . 286 
Japonica (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., 


vi, 21, 1860, 2 : : : : : . 365 
Jeffreysiana (Leiostraca), Brusina. Jour. de Conch., -p. 

245, 1869, . - : - : ° . 283 
Jeffrey siana (Turbonilla), Seguenza. Monts., Notiz. Conch. 

Med., 41, 1872; Nuova Rivista, 32, . ‘ 5 ~ clon aud 
Jeffreysi (Hulima), Wryony =< . 276 


Jeffreysi (Odostomia), B. D. D. Moll. Mar. Rouss. Fasc., 

4, p. 170, t. 20, f. 10, 1883. — O. intermixta, Monts. . 354 
Jucunda (Pyramidella), Angas. Zool) Proct, fp: Vis, 1st, a0s 
Juliz (Truncatella), Folin. Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 354, 1884. 

= Odostomia indistincta, Mont. : : : . 326 


Kieneri (Pyramidella), Issel. Mal. del Mar. Rosso., p. 174, 

Poet —Paturrnta, A: Ad. . . 302 
Krebsii (Chemnitzia), Mirch. Mal. Blitt. exit \p. 159, 1875, 311 
Kreffti (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc., P. 12, 1867. 

— O. pupiformis, Souverb. . 362 
Kuzmici (Turbonilla), Brusina, MS. 

= Odostomia Humboldti, Risso. 


Labiata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

p- 129, 1861, : . . 282 
Labiosa (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1, 1834. 

= KH. brevis, Sowb. . : . » 267 


388 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Lactea (Chemnitzia), Krauss. Sudafrik. Moll., P. 88, t..5, f. 
23,1848, . 
Lactea (Eulima), i, Ad Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, P 799, 
1855, 
Lactea (Mucronalia), A. Ad. Proc. “Linn. Soc. Vii .p 91, 1864, 
Lactea (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Pasta 112 , 1867. 
= QO. Angasi, Tryon, ‘ : 
Lactea (Odostomia), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 934, 1860, 
Lactea (Odostomia), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1238,. _ 322 : 
Lactea (Syrnola), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 234, 1862, 
Lactea (Tornatella), Michaud. Bull. Soe. Linn. Bord., 
271, 1829. = Menestho Humboldtii, Risso, 
Lacunata (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 414, 1857, 
Lacustris (Syrnolopsis), Crosse. Jour. de Conch. , t. ‘ f. 6, 
1881. =S. Grandidiera, Bourg. 
Lacustris (Syrnolopsis), Smith. Zool. mie: 288, 1881, 298, 
Levigata (Odostomia), d’Orb. Cuba, p. 227, t. 17, a (as eee 
Levis (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc., P 112, 1867, 
Leviuscula (Py ramidella), Jeffreys (not $ . Wood). Ann. 


and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 15,1870. = P. nitidula, A. Ad., 
Lambertia, Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 420, 1869, . 260, 
Lamberti (Subeulima), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., p. 296, 


aS Ta, 
Lamellata (Odostomia), ‘Carp. Mazat. ‘Cat., Wire 1857, 
anes (Dunkeria), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. -» 3d -ser., 
, 182, 1865, . - : . - : = 
Tepes ’(Leiostraca), he Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
p. 128, 1861, AO ie eae ee 
Lancea, ’Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 293, 1867, 


Larvula (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236, 1862, : 


Latelirata (Dunkeria), Folin. Moll. Andaman, 1879, . 
Latior (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 72, 185 2, 
= C. ornata, d’Orb. . : : : ; : : : 
Latipes (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc. ee, p- 120, 
1883, . : : 
Lauta (Monopty gma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, : 3 
Leachii (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 
128,1861, . ° : : : : : 
Legrandi (Eulima), Beddome. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, p. 168, 
1882, - : . - : : ° : 
Leiostraca, H. and A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., xv, 1856, 
Lendix (Sty loptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236, 1862, . 
Lentiginosa (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
viii, p. 240, 1861, : : : : - : 2 
Lepida (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 85, 
1864, ° : : é : : - 


PAGE, 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Lesbia (Leiostraca), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 16, 1871, 
Levis (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 70, 1852; Mérch, 

Mal. Blatt., xxii, 161. ? — C. pulchella, d’Orb., var. 
Lia, de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1872, 


389 


PAGE. 


. 281 


. 330 


Ligatus (Oscilla), Angas. Zool. "Proc. p: 113, 1877, . 3 SSG 
Limitum (Turbonilla), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 267, 1871, 

?— TT. gradata, Monts. . 5 = O23 
Lineata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proe., 8, 1834, . 219 
Liostomia, O. Sars. Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv eg., 205, 1878, 319, 344 
Lirata (Chemnitzia), AS Ad” Zool. Proe:; p: 181, 1853, By | 
Lirata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. age 

418, 1860, : . 310 
Lirata (Odostoma), Gd. Bost. Broa Vii, f 404, 1861, 365 
Lissa (Eulimella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad. ; Wig p: 29ue 

t. 32, f. 6, 1884, . . 343 
Littoralis (Odostomia), x Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

3d ser., vii, 42, 1861, . . 365 
Lodder (Sty lifer), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, 1884, 293 
Loncheus, Mérch. Mal. Blatt., xxii, p. 158, 1875, . 295, 308 
Lordii (Chemnitzia), E. A. Smith. Ann. and mee Nat. 

Hist., vi, p. 288, 1880, : “ . 333 
Loxonema, Phillips. Palioz. Fossils, ‘98, 1841, ‘ . 264 
Lucida (Eulimella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad. 7M, pag: 

t. 32, f. 3, 3 a, 1884, 5 . - 2 : : - 342 
Lucida (Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 

125, 1870, . : : 2 : ‘ - . 309 
Lukisi (Odostomia). Jeffr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d 

per lit, p. £12, t. 2; 7. 10;.. : : : : . . 348 
Lutea (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 

226, t. 3, f. 50, 1873, , : - - : . 361 
Macandree (Turbonilla), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 793, 1870, 324 
Macandreea (Mormula), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., 4th ser., 

Wi. 127, : ; : : . 312 
Macilenta (Anisoey cla) Monts. “Journ. de Conch., p. 318, 

ES1S,. . Rar ol 
Macilenta (Turbonilla), ‘A. Ad. Ann. “Mag., vi, 418, 1860, 33 
Macleayana (Turbonilla), Tenison-Woods. . . 334 
Macrochilina, Bayle, 1879. —= Macrochilus, Phillips, | 263 
Maculosa (Pyramidella), Lam. Enc. Méth., t. 452, f. 1,@0. 

= P. acus, Gmel. ‘ : : : ‘ : : 301 
Macrocheilus, Phillips. Palwoz. Fossils, 103, 1841, 263 
Magnifica (Odostomia), Seguenza. Formazione tertiare 

nella Provincia di Reggio, p. 264, t. 16, f. 25, 1879, 322 
Magnifica (Pyramidella), Ad.and Rve. Voy. Samarang, p. 

53, t. 10, f. 1, 1850. = P.mitralis, A. Ad. . 300 


390 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Major (Dunkeria), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 167, 1852, . . 338 
Major (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc.,7,1834,  . : . 266 
Mamillata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 412, 1857, . 859 
Manzoniana (Eulima), Issel. Mar Rosso., p. 184, t. 2, f. 6, 


1869, . 281 
Marginata (Chrysallida), Cy B. Aa. Panama Sh. No. 926, 

1852, . sol 
Marginata (Eulim a), Tenison- Wood. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, 

p. 41, 1878, F ‘ : : s 2s 
Marginata (Odostoma), ‘Cailliaud. Cat. des Moll., p. 172, t 

4, ot 1-4, 1865. —O. Trifida, Totten, . ‘ : . 356 
Mari (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

viii, p. 240, 1861, . 281 
Mariella (Odostomia), ~ Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 

ser., vi, 415, 1860, : : . 365 
Marie (Turbonilla), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. “Soe., 

Tasmania, p, 144, 1875. — T. nitida, Angas. . E . 334 


Marmorata (Niso), ‘Sowb. Zool. Proe., Te1834.: : . 288 
Martinii (Eulima), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, p. 795, 


18550. “it ye bh ek Real aul en eno 


McAndrei (Bulima), Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., xiv, 412. 

— Kulimella Scillz, Scacchi. . : ; - 5 . 339 
Mediterranea (Pyramidella), Monts. Enum-.e Sinon.. p. 31. 

— P. nitidula, A. Ad. ; : : : - 3 . 304 
Megacheilos (Noemia), Folin. Moll. Andaman. . 5 OD 
Megastomia, Monts. Conch. Medit., 94,1884, . . 820, 349 
Menestho (Moller), Ind. Moll. Greenl., 10, 1842, . 820, 344 
Mera (Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 


334, 1860, . : : 2 ; - 309 
Messanensis (Odostomia), Granata. Descrip. ete., pee 

p: 13,1877. . =O emilissima, Gras.,: . 351 
Metcalfei (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., 1. 5p 

802, 1855, . . 280 


Metula (Chry sallida), me Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., , 478, 1860, 311 
Metula (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. 295, 1861, 315 
Metula (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 224, 1851, . 310 
Metulina (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p- 85, 

1864, . 5 5 . 283 
Metulina (Turbonilla), me Ad. Ann. Mag 2 vi, 421,1860, . 335 
Micans (Eulima), Carp. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 33, 1865, 272 
Micans (Eulima), Tenison-Wood. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, p. 

144, 1875. =H. Tenisoni, Tryon, . . 269 
Micans (Odostomia), Monts. Nuova Rivista, p- 33, 1875. . 323 
Michaelis (Odostomia), Brugnone. Mise. Malac., lip. 24, 

f. 33, 1876, . : : . 347 
Michelia, Romer. — Loxonema, Phillips, - : - . 264 


=~ oe. oe 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Microbeliseus, Sandberger, 1874, F 3 : 
Microcheilos (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, 
Microschiza, Gemmellaro, Giorn. Sc. Nat. Palermo, xiii, 
Pow LeiS,; : - : ; : ‘ ; 
Microstoma (Eulima), Brusina. Jour. de Conch., p. 248, 
1869, : 
Mindoroensis (Leiostraca), Ad. and Rve. A's oy, Samarang op. 
52, t. 11, f. 25, 
Minima (Odostomia ventricosa, var. r.), Monts. Bull. Soc. Mal. 
Ttal., vi. p. 73, 1880, . : 
Minima (Turbonilla corpulenta, var. :), Folin. Moll. “And: aman, 
‘hein 2 
Minna (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
478, 1860, F ‘ : 2 : 
Minor (Eulima polita, var. ), Monts. Enum. e Sinon., 1878. 
= KE. brevis, Requien, : ? : é ‘ , 
Minuscula (Pyramidella), Monts. Nat. Conch. Medit., 
p- a0: == P. nitidula, A; Ad. : - z ; 
Minuta (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884, 


Minuta (Pyramidella), Ph. Zeitseh. fur Malae., p. 32, 1849, 3 


Minuta (Syrnola), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 274, t. 19, f. 10, 
1869, 

Minuta (Sy rnolopsis), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 21, 
1885, . ° 

Mitchellia, de Koninck. Rech. Foss. Pal. Nouv. Galles de 
Sud, 1377. : : : : : : : : 

Mittrei (Sty lifer), Petit. Journ. de Coneh:;-i1,.p. 2Thits 2.8. 
8. 9, 1851, 3 : F : : : 

Mirabilis (Entoconcha), “Miiller. Uber ee digitata, ete., 
1852, . : : 

Miralda, A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., Vii, p. 3, 1863, . 321, 

Miranda (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann, Mag. N. Hist., 301, 
Stl; é a : 3 : , 

Miranda (Leiostraca), A , hel Proc. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 85, 
1864, : ° ; : : 

Mirifica (Eulima), G. and H. Nevill. ‘Journ, Asiatic. Soe. 
Bengal, p. 26, 1874, . 

Mitralis (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. ip 177, 1853, . 

Modesta (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. ihe p. 222) t, Lest: 22-94, 
1853, . : : : - : 

Modesta (O: lostomia), Stimpson. Proc. Bost. Soe, iv, 16, 

Modica (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Reeve’s Conch. Icon., sp. 
A1-1865, . ° 5 : 

Modica (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, 
420, 1860, . 

Modicella (Eulima), A. ‘Ad. “Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, 


392 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 
Modiola (Odostomia), Monts. I] Nat. Sicil., 203, 1885, 351 
Monilis (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. nes , li, p. 806, 


(ee Ome So beb se ae . 301 
Monocycla (Turbonilla), A. Ad. “Ann. Mag. svat, “418, 1860. 

== I pacodulla, A> AG aie - 306 
Monodon (Eulima), Requien. Moll. Corse. 

= OQ. conoidea, Brocchi, . : . 300 
Monoptygma, Gray. Sowerby, Manual, 66, 1839. 

= Actreopyramis, Fischer, : ait 


Monozona (Odostomia), Brus, Tone de thie p. 240,1869, 354 
Monterosati (Odostomia), B. D. D. Moll. Mar. Roussilon, 
167; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 346, 1884. 


= QO. unidentata, Mont. . : : : : : . 348 
Montrouzieri (Leiostraca), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., p. 

SOD, AST, le ; , : ; . 283 
Montrouzieri (Lambertia), iSouycehie: Jour. de Conch., 

420, 1869; 73, 1870, . _ : . 286 


Mormula, A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, i, p 1, 1863, « 297, 312 
Moulinsiana (Odostomia), Fisch. Jour. de Conch., xii, p. 


70,1864. =O. interstincta, var. . - 353 
Muciformis (Odostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Da 

1865, : : : . 358 
Mucronalia, Ac Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vv, D. 301, 

L860)... : : . 260, 284 


Mucronata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icor., sp. 42,1866, 284 
Mulleri (Turbonilla), Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt, xvii, p. 27, 324 
Multicostata (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 74, 1852, . 332 
Multigyrata (Turbonilla), Dkr. Index Moll. Maris Japon., 


p. 79, t. 18, £ 18,19, 20, . ollaneee 
Mumia ( (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
45,1861, . : es) | 


Mumiola, ie Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, p- 5, 1863, . 297, 315 
Munda (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Arn. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

45, 1861,.'. ‘ : : : : ~ BL 
Munda (Turbonilla), A. “Ad. vin Mag., vi, 420, 1860, . 836 
Mundula (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 


302, 1861, . oll 
Mundula (Bulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Ds 
P25 Sal 5 272 


Murchisoniella, Mirch. ” Mal. Blitt., 184, 1875, : ; _ 318, 339 

Muricata ( Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat , 428, 1857, ~ 333 

Myosotis (Odostomia), Brugnone. Monts. Nomencl. Conch. 
Medit., 96, 1884, : : : : : : . . 852 


Nagli (Odostomia), Brus. Conch. Dalm., 20. 
= O. conoidea, Brocchi, . ; ; : 5 3 . 350 


Oe 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 393 


PAGE, 
Nana (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 45, 
LS6Y; : : : ; e : , : : . dll 
Nana (Eulima), Monts. Nuova Rivista, 75, 1875; Jour. de 
Poneh.; 153, 1878, = ‘ i : ‘ ; : Pare 
Nana (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc.. vil, p. 87, 1864, 283 
Nana (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., vi 
Piet SoOes .. A : 5 ; - ESL 
ana (Odostomia pare var. ), Je ffr. Zool Proc.,346, 1884, 348 
Nanodea (Odostomia), Monts. Jetfreys, Zool. Proc., 354, 
1884. = O. indistincta, Mont. . . 326 
Nardoi (Odostomia), Brus. Journ. de Conch. :P: “O41, 1869, 399 
Neglecta (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. 3d ser., 


vi, 417, 1860, : : : 5 : : - 365 
Ne »glecta (Odostomia), Tiberi. Journ. de Conch., p. 67, t. 

5, f. 2, 1868. = O. elegans, Monts. . : ‘ ; ; 300 
Neozelaniea _(Turbonilla), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll., New 

Zeal., p. 22, 1873, : ‘ ‘ : 3 . 335 
Nerinza, Defrance. Bull. Wie en 1825, . : i . 298 


Nerinella, Sharpe. Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., vi, 101, 1850, . 298 
Nevilli (Odostomia), Folin, . ; : ; : : . 365 
Nevilli (Plicifer), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 292, 1868, . 2293 
Niso, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, p. 218,1826, . 261, 287 
Nitens (Eulima), Braz. Linn. Soc., N.S. W.,i, p. 285, 1876, 278 
Nitens ea Jeffr. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 79, 
1870, : ; : : wall, 301 
Nitida (E ulima), A seals Sowb. in Reeve, Icon., f. 33, 1866, 
= H. nitidula, A. Ad. 
Nitida (Eulima, Melania), Phil. Moll. Sicil, ii, 1384, 1844. 


= H. intermedia, Cantr. . : - : 2 4 . 274 
Nitida (Eulimella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p. 194, 

t. 32, f. 5, 1884, : 5 : : § : . 342 
Nitida’ (Leiostr: aca), A Ade "Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 

POG LS6L, |. ; : - : : . 282 
Nitida (Odostomia), Alder. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xiii, 326. 

= O. Rissoides, Hanley, var. ; : ; : Ber | 


Nitida (Pyramidella), AP Ad. \Zool: Proc. ps his sss; -. 305 
Nitida (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, . 336 
Nitida (Turbonilla), Angas. Zool. Proc., P. 112, 1867. 

= T. Hofmani, Angas, F d ae 
Nitidissima (Anisocycla), Mtg. Test. Brit., ie 299, : . B40 
Nitidissima (Eulima), Macgillivray. Mont. Test. Brit., t 


12,f.1. =  Truncatella Montagui, Lowe. 
Nitidissima (Turbonilla), Issel. Mal. Mar Rosso., p. 177, 
Eelet. £9, 1869, ; : : : : - P . 337 


Nitidula (Eatima, A. Ad; Sowb. Thes: Conch., ii) p.'796, 
1855, : =~ lars : . , : . 271 


394 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Nitidula (Eulima), Pease. Zool. Proc., 437,1860,  . ai 


Nitidula (Pyramidella), A. Ad. (Syrnola). Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist., vi, p. 335, 1860, : g 283) 
Nivea (Chemnitzia), Stimp. Bost Proc., iv, p. 1a 1851, 
Nivea (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 
129, 1861, Sk yt hate ae ee ne as 
Nivea (Odostomia), A . Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d 
ser., vi, 416, 1860, : c : A : : 
ees (Sty loptigma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., 4th ser., vi, 
» R25. 3 
ae (Obeliscus), Mirch. “Mal. “Blitt., xxii, p- ‘159, ‘185 5, 
295, 
Nixa (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 
128, 1861, . : : . : = 
Nodicincta (Py ramidella is A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. ee lis 
pe Sls; ti LIZ S 2eaae 
Nodosa (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 417, 1857, . 
Neemia, Folin. Fonds de la Mer. 
= Pyrgulina, A. Ad., 1870, : : : - : 
Notabilis (Rissoa), C.B. Ad. Panama Cat., No. 249, 1852; 


Cap., Zool. Proc., 1863. ==  Parthenia, . 
Notata (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 od 
ser., 11, 336. = O: pallida, Monty, var = : 
Novegradensis (Odostomia), Brus. = O. pallida; Mont. 


Nutans (Eulima), Meg. v. Muhl. Mirch, Mal. Blatt., xxii, 
182, 181h& Fon. &% 7 eee eee 


Obelisecus (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 72,1852,  . 
Obeliscus (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
p. 226, t.. 3, fol ist, : : : : - : 
Obeliscus (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
3d ser., i, p. 46, t. 2, f. 5. = Eulimella acicula, Phil., var. 
Obeliscus (Humph., 1797), Moérch. Yoldi, Cat., 1852. 
= Pyramidella, Lam. : : : : : : : 
Obeliscus (Turbonilla), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii. p. 406, 1861, 
Oberon (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
vili, p. 240, 1861, : . : : : : 
Obesula (Eulima), "A. Ad. Zool. Proce., p. 276, 1851, : 
Obesula (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., 
vi, 21, 1860, : A 3 A = ‘ : 
Obliqua (Odostomia), Alder. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii, 
39071 2 OL aie BO 
Obliqua (Odostomia), Monts. (not Alder). En. e Sinon., 
p- 32. == OU. seandens, Brus. 4 - : , : 
Obliqua (Turbinella), Lovén. 
= Odostomia insculpta, Mont. . 


ee ete 


ti 


a ae 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 395 


PAGE, 

Obliquata (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil.,ii, p. 137, 
t. 24, f. 10, . . 324 
Oblonga (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 418, 1857, - 315 


Oblonga (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3d ser., vi, 20, 
1860, ; : . 365 

Obsoleta (Eulimella), Carp. “Mazat. Cat., 436, 1857, ; . 343 

Obtusa (Bonellia), Anton. Verzeich. der Conch., p- 62, 


1839, : : - : ; : . 289 
Obtusa (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884. 

= E. compactilis, Monts. . : ; : s ; - 215 
Obtusa (Odostomia), Gld. Bost. Proce., vii, p. 405, 1861, . 363 
Oceanida, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 170, . : . 819, 343 
Odetta, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870. 

= Evalea, A. Ad., 1860, . ‘ 4 : ‘ : spat 


Odontoidea (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
p. 127, 1861, Z : Z : , - ; d . 278 
Odontostoma, Turton. Conch., 1829. 


— = Odostomia, Fleming, . = a20 
Pie tostomis, Jeffreys. “Mal. and Conch. Mag 511,34, 1839, 
= = Odostomia, Fleming, . 31320 


Odostomia, Fleming. Brit. Anim., £97, 310, 1898, : _ 320, 346 
Odostomiella, Bucq., Dautz., Dollf. Moll. Rouss. , 167, 1883, 


321, 355 
Oleacea (Eulima), Kurtz and Stimpson. Bost. Proe., iv, 
mS, 1854; <. - : ; . 273 
Ondina, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870, : . 820, 350 
Onychina (Eulima), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, P 3 t23; 
f: ESB T.: 5 : . 282 


Oonia, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Se. Nat. Paleruio) xiii, 135, ‘1878, 265 
Opaca (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon, , sp. 80, 1865, 270 
Opaca (Eulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. vii, 47, 1861, 341 
Opalina (Eulima), Folin. Les Méléagrin., p. 67, t.6,f.7,1867, 273 
Opalina (Eulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N, Hist., vii, 46, 1861, 343 
Orbignyanus (Stylifer), Hupé. Guerin’s Mag., p. 124. 1860, 290 
Ore-angusto (Eulima incurva, var. ae Enum. e Sinon., 


p: 35, : 2 : 3 « 21D 
Ore-rotundato (Eulima incurva, var.), Monts. Enum. e 
SOHO, p..35;: : - ; - . 275 


Orina, he Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist.. 4 ser., vi, 126,1870, 295, 310 
Ornata (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. Cuba, p. 221, t. 16, f. 18-21, 

1853, . - - : . - . 330 
Ornata (Pyramidella). Gld. " Bost. Proc., vii, p. 403, 1861, 307 
Ornata (Turbonilla), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 406, 1861, . 336 
Orthochila (Styliferina), A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 

4 ser., vi, 335, 1860, . - : - = ; . 286 
Orthonema, Meek and Worthen. Proc. Philad. Acad., 1861, 264 


396 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Orthostelis Aradas, 1841. Sunto di 4 Mem. Mal., 5. 
= Turbonilla, Risso. ole 
Oryza (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. ‘Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. » p- 
994. t. 3,7. 45, 18i3e - 360 
Oscilla, A. Ad. Zool. Proc. py. 310, 1867, p : 3 | 296, 309 


Otopleura, Fischer. Manuel de Conch., T87, 1885, . 295, 305 
Ovalis (Auriculina), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., vit, 

4D oS Gl ‘ : : : : : . 365 
Ovata (Chrysallida), Car p. “Mazat: Cat S417. 1857 -« wold 
Ovoidea (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., 

vi, 416,1860,  . : : : : . 365 
Ovoidea (Stylifer), H.and A. Ad. Genera of Recent MollL., 

ly Pp 2390 025. fA Shs. : 3 : : : - 290 
Ovuloides (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 109, 1850, . 353 
Ovulum (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat , 423, 1857, St 
Oxytata aimee Dy Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 117, 


1883, : : E : E eZ . 278 
Pachystylus, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sc. Nat. Econ., Palermo, 

xiii, 161, DOS 0% : i . 299 
Pagodula (Parthenia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Ni Hist., 3 ser., 

vi, 415, 1860, . ‘ : 3 ; 5 otahe 


Paiv ensis (EK ulima), Watson. Zool. Proe.,; p. 364, 18is,.0 nt 
Paleoniso, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sc. Nat., Palermo, xiii, 122, 


1878, : 5 : . ; ; :. 261 
Pallida (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., ii, p. 136, i, 
p- 157, t. 9, f. 8. == Odostomia striatula, Linn. : 2 Bot 


Pallida (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Bri, ai, ps 825, t. 2106 te 346 
Pallidula (Eulima subulata, var.), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 

365, 1884, . é : OTS 
Panamensis (Chemnitzia), C. B: Ad. Pan. Cat., “16, 1859 , oa4 
Pandata (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hig ip: 


Zo 1861, !. : : j . 278 
Parthenia, Lowe (in part). Zool. Proc. 505 1840. 

— Pyrgulina, A. Ad. : seal 
Parthenina, Bueq., Dautz., Dollf. "Moll. Rouss., 168, 1883. 

— Pyrgulina, A. Ad. 3 . 321 


Parva (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve. Conch: Icon. sp. ATs 1866, 272 
Pascoei (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 119, 1867, 3 
Pasithea, Lea. Contrib. Geol., 103, 207, 1833. 

= Eulima, Risso. : ; . : : : #259 
Paucilirata (Dunkeria), Car D. Maazat. Cat., 434, 1857, 318, 338 
Paucistriata (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 361,1884, 324 
Pauluccie (Stylifer), Fisch. Journ. de Conch., P. 102, tals 

f./3) 280400 . 292 
Paumotensis (Py ramidella)  Tryor Onis : - : . 303 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 397 
PAGE, 
Paupercula (Chrysallida), Ad. Panama Shells ae betaee: 
No. 208, 1852, Carp. Zool. Proc., 350, 1863, . sol 
Pauxillus '(Leiostraca), A. Ad, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 129, 
ES61,.. : : ‘ : Stell 
Peasei (Eulima), Tryon. : : : : : Pup xop | 
Pellucens (Hulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vii, 46, 
1861, . - : : : : . 343 
Pellucida (Menestho), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860. — . 309 
Penchynati (Odostomia), Bueq., Dautz., ‘Doll. Moll. Rouss., 
Dirst: 20,1., VL 18835. - - . 304 
Perangusta (Odostomia angusta, var. -), Monts. Nuova 
Rivista, p..04;, : : . 341 


Perfecta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 418, 1860, . 336 
Perforatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sovb. Thes. Conch. yal, p: 


Supt. 7 bet. 931855; - . 300 
Perlepida (Turbonilla), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., 13 p. 

427, 1885, . . 329 
Perminima (Eulima), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

XI, p19, t.-l6, f. 5, 1883; s SOT 


Peroni (Turbonilla), Velain. Comptes Rendus, Juillet, 1876, 336 
Petitiana (Eulima), Brusina. Journ. de Conch., p. 243, 


1869. — KE. polita, Linn., var. brevis, Requien. 3 274, 275 
Petterdi (Eulima), Beddome. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, p. 168, 
1832, . . . . . . . 278 


Philippiana (Eulimella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 226, 1860, 341 
Philippiana (Turbonilla), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p.239.1860, 335 
Philippii (Eulima), Weink. (not Rayn. and Ponzi). Conch. 

des Mittelm., p. 228, 1868. = EH. incurva, Renieri, = 20 
Photis (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat. 425,1-57, . - 309 
Physoides (Odostomia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 405, 1861, 365 


Picta (Eulima), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 45, 1866, ; - 267 
Picturata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe. wily Ds 81, 
1864, - : : . 283 
Pinguicula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 
125, SOL) «. - : : : : . 278 
Pinguicula (Orina), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., 4 ser., vi, 126, 
1870, = 2 | 296, 310 
Pinguis (Obeliscus Krebsii, var.), } March. Mal. Bhitt. poxeX ill 
p. 159,1875. 311 
Piriformis (Eulima), Brugnone. "Mise. Malac., i, p- 1, f 5, 
1873, : : : 2G 
Pistilliformis (Odostomia), Brugnone. Mise. ae P- 24, 
1876." = O. clavula, Loven. —. . 344 
Pistillum (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe., Vil; P. 86, 
1864, . . 283 
Pistillum (Syrnola), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. "234, "1862, . 309 


398 


INDEX AND 


SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 


Pistillus (Odostomia), Brugnone. Mise. Malac, p. 9, f. 13, 


1873. == O. clavulus, Lovén. 
Plantata (Odostomia), Gid. 
Plectostylus, Conrad. 


= Macrocheilus, Phillips, . 


Plica (Rissoa), Cantr. 


Canc Medie. 


= QOdostomia conoidea, Brocchi. 
Plicata (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and “Mag. Nat. Hist. 478, 


1860, 


Plicata ’ (Odostomia), Hanley. 


— O. conoidea, 


Plicata (Odostomia), Mont. 
Plicata (Pyramidella), Lam. 


Brocehi. 


— P. auris-cati, Chemn. . 
Plicatula (Turbonilla), Risso. 
1826. = Odostomia lactea, Linn. . : 


Plicifer, H. Ad. 


Pointeli (Anisocycla), Folin. 


ee Uh er: 


Polita (Bulima), Linn. 
Polita :Eulimella), Verrill. 


Zool. Poe: py: 


282, t. 6, f. 5, 1872, 


Polita (Odostomia), Bivona. 


999, 1868... «2 Be 


Fonds de iB Mer, 100, 1867, 


t. 2, f.11. =O. conoidea, Brocehi, 


Polita (Odostomia), Pse. 


24, f. 17, 


Polyeyra (Eulima), A. Ad. 


Polyphemopsis. Portlock. Geol. Londond., 446, 1843. 
— Macrocheilus, Phillips, . 


Polyspirella, Cpr. 


Gould. Bost. 


Polyzonata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. 


Porcellana (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proce., p. 276, 1851, é 
Potamoides (Turritella), Cantr. Mal. Med., t. 6, p. 25. 
— QOdostomia striatula, Linn. 


Prelonga (Odostomia), Jeffreys. 


Prattii (Pyramidella), Bernardi. 


£, 19f. 1, 1859, 
Proca (Hulima), Folin. 


a BGT 


Producta (Odostomia), ia Ad. 


vi, 416, 1860. 


= Amathis, 


Producta (Odostomia), C. B. "Ad. Bost. Jour. N. Hist. iii, 


Bee peo 


Prolongata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 429, 1857, 


Propinqua (Pyramidella), A. Ad. 


==. P. mitralis, 


NBN 


; . 344 
Bost. Proc., Wii, ip: 404, 1861, . 365 
Jour. Philad. aud 
. 2638 
. 350 
Agoull 
Rar Mar. Conch., 35. 
Test. Br., ii, p. a t. 21, f.2, 346 
Ene. Méth., t. 452, f. 3. 
: : : 303 
Hist. Nat. Eur. Meérid., 
329 


: . 341 
"Syst. Nat. Ed., xi, 'p. 1241, ; . 274 
Ain. Journ. Sci. Sale pp. 210, 
42 
 Effem. Sci., ae 1832, pl £7; 
. 350 
Am. Journ. Conch. iii, p. 291, t. 
. 363 
“Zool. Proc., p. 277, 1851, 270 
. 268, 265 
Proc., vii, 407, 1861, 321 
Zool. Proc. , p- 170, 1856, . 335 
268 
3 : : : ; . 327 
Zool. Proe., p. 340, 1884, 341 
Journ. de Conch., p. 386, 
(=P suleata Ay Add ~oUL 
Les. Méléagrinicoles, p. "62, t. 6, f. 
273 
Ann, Mag. N. Hist. 34 Ser., 
309 
356 
333 
Zool. Proc. sD: 117, 1853. 
: , : - . 305 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Proxima (Bulima), Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 48, 
1846, . fo fates eg eM, Shea amr te 
Pruinosa ( (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. 3d Ser., 
vi, 417, 1860, ; q : : 
Pseudomelania Pictet and Campiche. Stol. Sitzb. Wien 
Akad., lii, 1862, : - : : 
Psila (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p 112, 
1883, . ; : : : ‘ 
Ptyomatis, Sharpe. Quar. Jour. Geol. 50¢.4.vi, LOL 150): 
Pulchella (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. Cuba, p. 220 t. 16,f. 14-17, 
1853, . . : : : : - 
Pulchella (Chry sallida),, A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
_ 478, 1860, 302, 1861, LR eae ek be te 
Pulchella (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch ; Hii; sp: 
808, t. 171, f. 20, 1855, 


Pulchra (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 


p. 225, t. 3, f. 48, 1873, aD te Pere eta iy 
Pumila (Chrysallida), Cpr. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 219, 1866, . 


Pumila (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 87, 


1864, . 
Puncta (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p- 72, 1852. 
Punctata (Pyramidella), Chemn. Conch. t. 4, fe 1493, 1494. 
= Peacus, Gmel. d « 295, 
eer culata (Monoptygma), iGeuid: Bot. Brees 406, 1861, 
Puncticulata (Odostomia), Gld. Bost Proe., vii, p. 405, 
is6i> : ‘ : : : ; 
Punctigera (Monopty ema), a Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 
296, 1861, . 
Punctigera (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
3 ser. vi, 415, 1860, . : 
Puncturata (Monopty ema), E. A. Smith, “Zool. Proc., p. 
734, 1871, : - . 
Punicea ( Turbonilla viridaria, var. eh Dall. Proc. U. 8. Nat. 
Mus. vi, p. 332, 1883,. : : : : 
Pupa (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. ING Bist..3° Ser. vit 
21, 1860, : 4 : : 
Pupeformis (Odostomia), Souverbie. "Journ. de Conch., 
ship, Lo2. 1865); xxii, 291, 1875,. .. . ; - : 
Pupitorme (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. 
Hist., v, p. 411, 1869, : - : 
Eypiisrnis (Odostomia satura, var. r.), Car penter. Ann. Mag. 
IND ist; xv, 18655. -. 5 : 
Pupina (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist:, 
vi, p. 334, 1860, : ‘ 
Papoides (Chemnitzia), a Orb. Cuba, p 294. t. 16, f. 32-36, 
1853, , ‘ 


399 


PAGE, 


400 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 
PAGE, 
Pupula (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 44, 
1861, Ber ol 
Pura (Anisoey cla nitidissima, var. 2 Monts. Jour, ‘de Conch., 
268, 1874. =A. Pointeli, Folin, . . 341 
Pura (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. mts 
1861, . 365 
Pura (Leiostraca), ‘A. Ad. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1P. 129, 
1861, 281 
Pura (Monopty ema), AA “Sowb., Thes. Conch. “it, P 820, : 
t, 173, f. 33, 1855; : - ol4 
Pusilla (Chemnitzia), CoB: Ad. Contrib., p. 14, 1852, . 330 
Pusilla (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . 268 
Pusilla (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii Dp. 86, 
1864, : . 283 


Pusilla (Odostomia), iL. Pr. Archiv fiir Natur., i, 1840, . 358 
Pusilla (Odostomia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil, ii, p. 224, t. 

28, f. 21, 1844; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 358, 1884, 3 a 
Pusilla (Turbonilla), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, 167 (not 


Phil.). = T. innovata, Monts. 
Pusillus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, P. 809, 

t. 171, f. 7, 1855, : . 300 
Pusio (Chrysallida), A. Ad. " Ann. Mag. N } . Hist., 45, 1861. 

= Parthenia, . . 365 


Pusio (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc. vii \P- 86, 1864, 283 
Pygmea (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 


44,1861, . 2 : = : . . 365 
Py gma (Leiostraca), iA Ad. Proc, Linn. Soc., vii, p. 86, 

1864, - : = » 283 
Pygmea " (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., 

vi, 21, 1860, : - 365 
Pyg omexa (Turbonilla), Brus. Conch. Dalmat. ighery 1864. 

= Odostomia emaciata, Brus. . - 398 


Pyramidalis (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p- 277, 1851, - 270 
Pyramidalis (Leiostraca), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 


13,1866, . ; : : : : - 232 
Py ramidalis (Stylifer), Rye. Elements of Conch., i, p. 129, 

t. 12, f. 56, : : 2 : : : | 
Pyramidalis ’(Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

vi, p. 334, 1860, . : : . 310 


Pyramidella, H. and A. Adams, ete. (not Lamarck). 

— Otopleura, Fischer. 
Pyramidella, Lam., Prodr., 1799, . 295, 299 
Pyramis, Couthouy. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., ; il; 101, 1839. 

— Menestho, Moller. . . 320 
Pyramis (Odostomia), A A. Ad. Amn. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., 

vi, 22, 1860, . . : . : : : - 365 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


26 


PAGE, 
Pyrgisculus, Monts. I] Nat. Sicil., p. 82, 1885. 

= Turbonilla, . : : . 318, 325 
Pyrgiscus, Ph., 1840. Weiem. Archiv, - i, 50. 

— Turbonilla, Risso, 1826, : e : ae Bf 
Pyrgolidium, Monts. Conch. Medit., 89, 1884, : . 318, 326 
Pyrgostelis Monts. Il Nat. Sicil., p. 82,1885,  . . 318, 326 
Pyrgostylus, Monts. Il Nat. Sicil, , p= $3, L885, .. 318, 327 
Py reulina, A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii yp. 4, 1863. ,321 , 302, 359 
.Pyriformis (Eulima), Brugnone. Misc. Malacol. : . 276 
Quinquecineta (Parthenia), a5 Mazat. Cat., 414, 1857. 

= P. notabilis, C. B. Ad. - < 309 
Rangii (Scalenostoma), Folin. Méléagrinicoles, 61, 1867, . 287 
Raphium, Bayan. : 319 
‘Rathbuni (Turbinella), Verrill and Smith. Amer. Jour. Sci., 

xx, p. 392, 1880, 326, 228 
Reclinata (Eulima), A _Ad. Amn. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Ps 

126,186)... - 278 
Recta (Leiostraca), C. B. Ad. Shells of Panama, p- 199, 80 
Regularis (Odostomia), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 267, 

L867. = 0, doliolum, Ph. : : : - 355 
Reigeni (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat Cat., 422, 185 2 OLE 
Retardata (Odostomia), Tiberi, MS. Monts. N: 3 ’ Sicil., 

Bar. Esso. =O: cate? Brus. 

Reticosa (Mumiola), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 5, 

1863, sent 
Reticulata (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr. es 15, 1852, 335 
Retrorsa (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon, sp. 31, 

1865, . - ; : : - . 269 
Rhabdoconcha, Gemmellaro.  Giorn. Ac. Sci, Palermo, xiii, 

1878, - - ~ : - . 265 
Riganxia, Cossmann. Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr., 3 ser., iii, 1885, 264 
Riisei (Chemnitzia), Mirch. Mal. Bliitt., xxii, p. 165, 1875, 332 
Rissoides (Odostomia), Hanley. Zool. Proc., p. 18, 1844, . 347 
Rissoina (Mormula), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 1, 

1883; . - : ° : 297, 312 
Robusta (ulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 

125, 1861, « : : Pee! 
Robusta (Stylifer), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, Dp. 140, - 293 
Robustus (Stylifer), Pse. Zool. Proce., p. 437, 1860 _- 293 
Rosacea (Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 

Meme eiet To tebe Cf 363 
Rosea (Eulima), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 437, 1860, : . 284 
Rosea (Turbonilla), Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt, xvii, p. 28, 324 
Rosea (Turbonilla), Monts. Enum. Sin., 34,1878, . - 326 


402 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE, 
Roseus (Obeliscus), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. New. Zeal., 

pm O2 1873.4 fn, yg ke. galt EN MB essen 
Rotundata (Chry sallida), C ap: Mazat. Cat., 418, 1857, . 315 
Rubra (Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 291, 

t. 24, f. 18, 1867, 5 , a = : ; - 363 
Rubrofusca (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Zool. Proc., p. 171, 1856, . 336 
Rufa (Chemnitzia), Phil. Hnum. Moll. Sicil., i, p. 158, t. 9, 

ja 318, 326, 328, 329 
Rufescens (Chemnitzia), Forbes. " Brit. Moll. yall, 2035 . 325 
Rufo-fasciata (Stylopsis), E. A. Smith. Aun. and Mag., 

xvi, p. 103, 1875, 5 s : : . 344 
Rufolineata (Chry gallida), A. Ad., Journ. Linn. Soe., vii, 

p:.3,-1863, 16 - . : : - svoLk 
Rufula (Odostomia), Souverbie. Journ. de Conch. »P. 290, 

t. 13, f. 7, 1875. = O. lutea, Garrett, : . 361 
Rugosa (Turbonilla), Folin. Fonds de la Mer r, p. 208, t. 29, j 

i 5, as P| 


Rupestris (Rissoa), Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist. aul 107. 

= Odostomia bisuturalis, Say, . : 
Riippelli / Elusa), Jick. Jahrb. ftir Malac., iL, Ps 367, 1882, 
Rutila ( on Proc. Calif, Acad. Nat. SEl., 1,0 pe 

222, 1866, . ; : : : : ; - s 
Salassia, de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870. 

= Cingulina, Ay Ad: ; 
Samoensis (Leiostraca), Crosse. Journ. de Conch. \D. 300, 1867, 2 
Sandvichensis (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 21, 


1865, . . 284 
Sandvichensis (Niso), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Niso, sp. 

1, 1866, . 288 
Sarissa (Bulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 119, 

1883, . . 278 
Satura ’ (Odostomia), Carp. “Ann. Mag. N. Hist., XV, 1865, 358 
Sealariformis (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 413, 1857, 309 


Sealarina (Odostomia), Gld. Bost Proce. Lvs p. 405, 1861, . 

Scalarioides (Turritella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. Dp. 
107, f. 41, 1826. = Chemnitzia rufa, Ph. 

Scalaris (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i P. 157, t. 
oe t 9; : colle, 

Scalaris (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Var. rufescens. 
—Chemnitzia rufescens, Forbes. 

Scalaris (Spiroclimax), Moreh. Mal. Blat. \xxil; p-31G38; 
1875, 2 : « B2l, 

Scalaris (Turbonilla), Velain. Archiv. Zool. Exper. Vil., 
p. 11054238, testi. = foVelain- Eryon es. ; 

Scalenostoma, Desh. Journ, de Conch., x 396; 1863,. 261, 


365 


287 


SS ee Reena ie A tat 


— 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 403 


PAGE, 
Scalina (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag.,3 ser., vi, 20,1860, 365 
Scaliola (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 420, ae . 030 
Scandens (Odostomia), Brus. MS. Monts., Nat. Sicil., 
1885, . : 351 
Scillz (Odostomia), Seace. Notiz. int, alle. Conch., op: 51, t. 2, 


ses 
Scitula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 128, 
1861, . : 278 
Scitula (Leiostraca), A. Aa. Proce. Linn, Soc., Vii, p. 90, 1864 , 233 
Scitula (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser. 


Wit soT, V8615-- - 335 
Scitulus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ip: 
810, t. 171, f. 23, 1855. = B. ventricosa, Guerin. 
Sculptilis (Easbonilla), Ay Ads--Annz Mag , vi, 419, 1860, 336 


Selma, A. Adams. Jour. Linn. Soc., 91,1864, . . 260, 285 
Semicostata (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p.361, 1884, 324 
Seminuda (Odostomia) Adams. Bost. Jour., ii, 280, 307 
piormate (Odostomia), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 48, t. 


Melos: =O. exilissima, Brus. : . 351 
plicats (Chrysallida), A. Ad, Ann. Mag. N {. Hist. 478, 
1860, . . 365 


Semistriata (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, . 287 
Semitorta (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 


126,,1861, . : ° “ . 278 
Senegalensis (Turbonilla), Maltzan. Nachrichtblatt, xviii, 
p. 27, , : : : . 324 
Beinn. (Pyramidella), A. Ad. ‘Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 234, 
1862, . . 308 
Sicula (Odostomia), Ph. Zeitsch. ftir Malac. 3D: 88, 1852. 
= O. conoidea, Brocchi, . . 390 
Sizmoidea (Odostomia), Monts. Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital., vi 
p- 71, 1880, : : : : BEM 
Silvestri (Odostomia), Arad. et Benoit. Conch. viv. mar. 
Sic., 219, t. 4, f. 7, 1870, = O. emaciata, Brus. } e305 


Similis (Chemnitzia), C.B. Ad. Pan. Cat , 168, 1852, . 334 
Similis (Turbonilla elegantissima, var.), Monts. En. e Sin., 


poos) 0 T. Campanella, Ph. . : - : - . 322 
Simillimus (Turbo), Mont. Jeffrys, Brit. Conch., iv, 164. 

= Chemnitzia rufa, Phil. . - 326 
Simplex (Chemnitzia), d’Orb. Cuba, } ). 994. t. 16, ie 28. aie 

1853, . 348 
Simplex (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc. - 15, tal; ‘f 10, 

LS", : . 363 
Simplex (Odostomia elegans, Vv: ar.), Monts. Nuova Riv ista, 

p- 31, . 301 


Sinuata (Monopty gma), Gld. Bost. Proc., p. 406, 1861, . 315 


404 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


E PAGE, 
Sinuosa (Eulima), Scacchi. Cat. 15, 1836. 

= H. incurva, Ren. . : : Maree . . 275 
Sinuosa (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 358, 1884, . 322 
Sitkensis (Odostomia), Dall. MS. Rep. Canad. Surv., 2037, 

1878-79. == ?0O. inflata, Carp. . . 358 
Smithii (Eulimella), Verrill. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. viii, p. 

380, 1880; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 351, 1884. 

— ve unifasciata, Forbes. : ; 
Smithii (Syrnola), Tryon. : ; . 308 
Soleniscus, Meek and Worthen. Proc: Philad. Acad., 1860, 299 
Solida (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 18, 1865, 268 
Solida (Pyramidella), Sowb. Tank. Cat., App., p. 12, . 303 
Solida (Stylifer), A. Ad. MS. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 6, 293 
Saree (Eulima), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 53, 

et eae Bey 
Solidula (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. “Contr., Dp: "110, 1850, . 358 
Solidula (Odostomia), Ph. Zeitsch fur Malac. Does 1849, 365 
Solidula (Pyramidella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, Dp. 933, 1860, 308 
Solidula (Turbonilla), Issel. Mal. Mar Rosso, p. 176, t..1, 

f; LU {1869, . 336 
Soluta (Odostomia), Gd. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 405, 1861, . 365 
Speciosa (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . 314 
Speciosa (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Anim. Mag., ‘vi, 420, 1860, 335 
Speciosa (Turbonilla), Bean. Jeffreys, Brit. "Conch. Aw: 151. 

— T. indistincta, Mont. . . 326 
Speciosa (Turbonilla), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., oy O74, t. 19, f. 

11,1869. = T. Macandree, H. Adams. 

Speciosus (Stylifer), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 289, 1868, 291 
Spectabilis (Turbonilla), Monts. Nomene. Conch. Medit., 
90, 1884, . 327 


Spectrum (Murchisoniella), Moreh. Mal. Blitt., XXil, 184. 
ST Cte 
Spiculum (Leiostraca), ‘A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
p. 129, 1861, ase 
Spina (Cingulina), Crosse and Fischer. Jour. de Copehe 
p. 347, 1864 (p. 44, t. 3, f. 13, 14, 1865), 
Spiralis (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Br., ii, p. 323, t. 12 aicee 
Spiralis (Odostomia), Monts. (not Montagu). 
— O. turbonilloides. 
Spiralis (Pyramidella), Wood. = P. auris-cati, Chemn. 


Spirata (Chemnitzia), Kurtz and Stimpson. Bost. Proc., 


iVieeloo sol, : : : ; : : 
Spirata (Monopty Ana) "A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 185i, 297, 
Spirata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
3d ser., vi, 414, 1860, 
Spiroclimax, Mirch. Mal. Blitt., 168, ‘1874, 


_ 321 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Splendidula (Niso), Sowb.* Zool. Proc., 6, 1834, ‘ 

Spreta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe. vii, p. 90, 1864, 

Stalioli (Eulima), Brusina. Jour. de Conch. ,p. 242 1869: 
Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 368, 1884, 

Stenostoma (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
p- 126, 1861, : A 


Stenostoma (Leiostr'aca), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. 


Hist., 3d ser., ii, p. 128, t. 5, f. 7, ; : 5 


Stimpsonii (Stylifer), Verrill. Amer, Jour. Sci., new ser., 


mee ess, 1812, ) 


Straminea (Odostomia), Carp. Jour. de Conch., xiii, p. 


146, 1865 


Striata (Bacula), H. and A. Adams. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 


M1, LS, 1863, 3 p : 
Striata (Monoptygma), Gray. Thes. Conch. See Kon oe 
Striata (Nemia), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1871. 
= Odostomia elegans, Monts. . 

Striata (Odostomia), Phil. Moll. Sicil., i; 154, t. 10, ii 8, 

1836. = O. interstincta, var. suturalis, 

Striata (Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Jour. Conch. iti, p. 291, 

t. 2400. 16.1867, 


Striatula (Eulimella), Jeffr eys s. Ann. Mag. Nat. J Hist. xvii, 


p- 186, 1856, 5 - : : 2 
Striatula (Menestho), Couthouy. "Bost. Jour. N. EHist., i 
101, 1839, .- 2 é 


Striatula (Odostomia), Linn. Syst. Nat., Dp: 1238; : 318, 
Striatula (Syrnola), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 812, 


ha ale & ee ; 


Striatus (Turbo), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. subapp., t. e st 1, 


1814. = Menestho bulinea, Lowe, 


Stricta (Turbonilla), Verrill. ‘Rep. U. 8. Fish Commission, 


Tle 59) al Gon (: Sa 
Strigulata ( (Elasa), A. Aad. Zool. Proc., p. 9317, 1862, 


Striolata (Odostomia), Alder. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. 


Moll., iii, 267. = O. turrita, Hanley, var. 
Striolata (Turbonilla), Weink., ii, p. 210. 
= QOdostomia striatula, Linn. . 
Striosa (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Pan. ‘Cat., 169, 1852, 
Strobeus, de Koninck, 1881, : 
Stylata (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. : D. 126, 
Mele. : 


Stylifer, Brod. Zool. Proc., 60, 1832, . : 262, 9 


Stylifera (Phasianella), Turton. Zool. Journ., Oct., 185. 
= Stylifer Turtoni, Brod. : ; 
Styliferina, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist:,, vi; 335, 1860. 


260, 286 


406 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 
PAGE, 
Styliformis (Careliopsis), Mérch. Mal. Blitt., xxii, p. 169, 
1875, . : 297, 315 
Stylina (Chemnitzia torguata, var. ot ‘arp. "Ann. Mag. N. 
HMiSti 3. Ser vem. 1865, : P z =. 800 
Stylina, Fleming, 1828. = — Stylifer, Brod. : - 262 
Stylina (Monoptygma), A. Ad. ZpoR Proe., 1851, : . 314 
Stylinus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Zool. Proc., 924, 1851. 
= Styloptygma typica, Tryon, - 297, 312 
Stylopsis, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., v, 406, 1860, 319, 344 
Styloptygma, A. Ad. Zool. ‘Proe., p. 935, 1862, » 297, B12 
Subangulata (Dunkeria), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 434, 1857, . 335 
Subangulata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8) 1834, . serie 
Subangulata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N « Hist:, 3 
ser., vi, 416,1860, . - 365 


Subangulata (Stylifer), A Nd teieol: Proc.. ap: 122, 1855, - 292 
Subecarinata (Eulima), WOrb. Cuba, p. 210i, a. 16, ae 6) 218 
Subcuspidata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Calif Proc., iii, p- 220, 


1866, . : : : : , . 333 
Subdiaphana (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. a 3 

ser., vi, 417, 1860 ; . 365 
Subdolabr atus (Obeliscus dolabratus, var. ), Mirch. "Mal. 

Blatt; xxii, ip. 157, - . 300 


Subemargin ata (Chemnitzia), Folin. Moll. Andaman., 1879, 337 
Subeulima, Souverbie. Journ. de Conch., p. 296, 1875, 261, 287 
Subfarcinata (Py ae Watson, . . 304 
Sublirulata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 410, 1857, - 359 
Sublonga (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 345, ised, . 346 
Subpellucida (Eulima), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 515, 1865, . 284 
Subplanata (Odostomia), Gld. Bost Proc., vii, p.404,1861, 365 
Subrostrata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. leon. , sp. 43, 


1866, . - . 272 
Substriata (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Cantr., p- 73, 1852. 
— Morch, Mal. Blatt., xxii, 162, . . 330 


Subsuleata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., ok 1851, . 309 
Subula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann and Mag. Nat Hist., Viil, p. 


939, 1861, . Pe . 278 
Subula (Mucronalia), a Ad. Proce. Linn. Soe., vii, P 91, 

1864, . . 285 
Subula (Syrnola), Gla. "Bost. Proc. Vii, p. 403, 1861, - 309 


Subula (Turbonilla), Morch. Mal. Bhitt. 7 Vi, ps L20, 1860, . 334 
Subularia, Monterosato. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 103, 
1884, . : . 259, 278 
Subulata (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr.. p. 74, "1859, . 331 
Subulata (Eulima), Donovan. Brit. Shells, v, t. 172, . ei) 
Subulata (Odostomia). Ph. Zeitsch fur Malac., p. 30, 1860, 365 
Subulata (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proe., p. 177, 1853, 310 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 407 


PAGE, 

Subulatus (Stylifer), Brod. Zool. Proc., p. 61, 1832, . . 291 
Subuliforme (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. B 236, 

1862, . . 313 
Subulina (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proe. Linn. Soc., "vii, p. 85, 

1864, . 282 


Subulina (Pyramidella), A. Ad. “Zool. Proc., p- "934, 1862, 308 
Subulites, Conrad. Emmons’ Geol. Rept., N. Y., 392, 1842, 264 
Subumbilicata (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884, 276 
Subventricosa (Chemnitzia meee Ware) ae ots. Moll 


BIG. i, p. 137, 1844, |. Z A : Fi : 4) 
Subventricosa (Leiostraca), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 
£3; £866, : : : - : - 285 


Succiniola (Selma), A. Ad. Proce. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 91,1864, 285 
ee enals (Odostomia), Issel. Mal. Mar Rosso. 53 is 178, te 

oi. 1.1869, : : . 365 
Sufarcinatus (Obeliscus), Watson. 
ramidella nitidula, A. Ad. 
Sulcata (Menestho Humbolati, vata). i. Wasi Moll: 


Rouss., 195, 1883, ‘ - - : . 345 
Sulcata (Menestho), Verrill. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 
300, 1830, -. - 345 
Suleata (Odostomia), Garr. ‘Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada., 
224, t. 3, f. 46, 1873, ° - 360 


oe (Ondina), Folin. Fonds de le Mer, t. 29, ie ic = aot 
Suleata (Oscilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 417, 


1860, . - : - : : . 310 
Suleata (Pyramidella), ‘A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, p. 
807, t P71, f. 84, 1355, - : - a “ - . 301 


Sulcata (Pyramidella), Nutt. Jay’s Cat. of Shells, p. 68. 
wee suleata, Al Ad: 
Sulcata (Sty lopsis), A.Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 


741, 1861, . Bates - : : ; . 344 
Sulcatina (Vanesia), A. Ad. “Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, 

p. 307, 1861, : . 339 
Sulcifera (Monopty oma), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. NE Hist., 

Eso; 315 
Sulcifera (Odostomia), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc, p. 73 5, 

1871 . 349 
Superfiua (Odostoma), Monts. Enum. e Sinon, Dp. aa 

? — Eulimella compactilis, Jeffreys, . : : : - 339 
Suturalis (Dunkeria), Gould. Bost. Proc., viii, 280, 1862, . 338 
Suturalis (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . . 814 


Suturalis (Obeliscus), Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt, xvii, p. 26, 304 
Suturalis (Odostomia), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 129, 1844, . 353 
Suturalis (Odostomia), Phil. Zeit. Mal., 30,1849,  . . 365 
Syrnola, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 233, 1862, . 4 - 296, 306 


408 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


Syrnolopsis, E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 5 ser., vi, 
496, 1880, . . F : : : : 298. 


Teeniata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soe., vii, p. 88, 
1864, . : 

Teeniata (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll., Isles Andaman, 

Teniatum (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. , p- 235, 1862. 

Tantilla (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, >. 89, 
1864, 


Tantilla (Pyrgulina), A. Ad. Journ, Linn. Soc., vii. p. 5, 


1863, 


Tasmanica (Eulima), Tenison-Wood. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, 


p- 29, 1875, 


Tasmanica (Obeliscus), Petterd. "Journ. of Conch.. “iv,1p: 


140, 1884, 


Tasmanica (Sty lifer), Siaituas Woods. “Roy. Soc., N.S. W., 


p- Paes 1876, : ° : ° ° 

Tasmanica (Turbonilla), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc., 
Tasmania, p. 145, 1875, . 

Telescopium (Chrysallida), Carp. " Mazat. Cat., 419, 1857, 

Teinostoma (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 2 276, 1851, 

Tenella (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 224. 1851, : 

Tenera (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3 ser., vi, 21,1860, 

Tenisoni (Eulima), Tryon. . 5 : a j 4 3 

Tenuicosta (Turbonilla), Issel. Mal. Mar Rosso., p. 174, 
i Was ean Se Sa) 

Tenuicula (Chemnitzia), Gould. Shells of Calif, 10, t: 14, ii 15, 

Tenuicula (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 302, 
1861,.. : . = . - : 

Tenuilir: ata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 433, 1857, 

Tenuis (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 412, 1857, 

Tenuis (Odostomia), Jeffr. Zool. Proc., p. 347, 1884, 

Tenuisculpta ee ane Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv 
1865, 5 4 ° ° : 

Tenuisculpta (Syrnola), Lischke. Mal. Blatt., xix, p. 102; 
Jap. Mar. Conch., lil, D8, 6.73, £1, Gy k ois ; 5 

Terebella (Helix), Mill. Hist. Verm:, ii, p. 123. 
= Pyramidella dolabrata, Linn., var. 

Terebelloides (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, 
p. 808, t. 171, f. 18, 1855. = Pyramidella dolabrata, 
Linn., var. . : : 3 : ; : 

Terebellum (Chemnitzia), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 138, 1844, 
= O interstincta, Mont., var. 


Terebellum (Niso), Chemn. Conch., x, t.165, f. 1592, 1593, 9 


Terebellum (Obeliscus), Mull. Verm., p. 128, No. 319. 
= O. dolabratus, Linn., var. : ° : ° ° 


PAGE. 


315 


. 283 
. 337 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 409 


PAGE, 
Terebellum (Parthenia),C.B.Ad. Panama Cat., No. 254, 
1852.. Carp., Zool. Proc.. 1863, : 309 
Terebra (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. ‘Nat. ‘ Hist., 45, 
Sy ae SLi 
Terebra (Turbinella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., 
Sar. 207, L861, -. - 335 


Terebra (Turbinella), Dkr. Mal. Blitt., Vi, p. 939, 1860, . 338 
Terebralis (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 432,1857, . 333 
Teres (Elusa), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 


BUT, Sols . 296, 311 
Teres (Obeliscus), ‘A. Ad. Sowh., “Thes. Conch. pls Bi: 807, t. 

Wile tole, Locos) == k. sulcata, A. Ad. ; . 301 
Teres (Odostomia engonia, var.), Bush. Trans. Conn. 

Acad., vi, p. 467, t. 45, iE 9, LSGo00 er. . 343 
Teretiuscula (Syrnola), A _ Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

Vi, p: 034, 1860, . f . 809 
Terquemi | (Hoplopteron), Fischer. Journ, de Conch., xxiv, 

p. 234, 1876, : 289 
Tessellata (Mumiola), A. Ad. Journ, ‘Linn, Soe. 5 MIN, ip: E 

1863, . ~ Bld 
Tessellatus (Obeliscus), “A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., il, p. 

S08, t. A771, f. 16,1855; ==.P. suleata, Adams, . 301 


Textilis (Chemnitzia) Kurtz. Cat. Mar. Shells, 8, 1860, . 329 
Thersites (Eulima), Carp. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Be ig) 

p. 396, 1865, : : : 2 : é . 278 
Thomassie (Stylifer), Sowb. Conch. Icon., sp: 15, 1878, . 292 
Tiberia, Jeffreys MS. Monts. Atti Acc. Palermo, 5, 31, 


Deg (Sy ae : "295, 304 
Tincta (Symola), ‘Angas. Zool. ’ Proc., p- “15, t. Tet i, 

S71; é 4 . 308 
Tinctus, Watson. == Pyramidella nitidula, ‘A. Ad. . . 304 
Titania (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. a p. 

240,1861, . ; . 282 
Toreula (Odostomia), Mirch. Journ, de Conch., p. 312, 

1876, . : . 358 
Tornata (Odostomia), Verrill. Trans. “Conn. Acad., vi, p- 

196, 1884, . . 858 
Torquata (Chemnitzia), ‘Gould. Desc. Shells of Calif, it t. 

AR ts Gs te 355 
Tortuosa (Eulima), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, D. 53, 

ep. t,t, : : arial 
Trabecula, Monterosato. Conch. Medit., 86, 1884, : Bi 
Trachealis (Chemnitzia),Gld. Bost. Proc. , Vii, p- 407, 1861, 321 
Tragula, Monterosato. Conch. Medit., 86, 1884, . . 381i, 325 


Tricincta (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
ayn, p: 185, t. 2,7. 12; 1351856. = O. deholum,; Ph. . 355 


410 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 


PAGE. 
Tridentata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Journ. de Conch., xiii, p. 
HAE eL S60.) : : : . . 333 
Trifasciata (Leiostraca), H. Adams. Trans. Linn, Soe., v, 
tel, fold 4 SOS ; , - - es, 
Trifasciata (Vanesia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
vili, p. 242, 1851, : : : . ; . 339 


Trifasciatus (Obeliscus), AS Nal Zool. Proe., p. 332, 1862, 303 
Trifida (Odostomia), Totten. Am. Jour. Sci., xxvi, 368, . 356 
Trilineata (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 180, 1853, 337 
Trilineata (Niso), Mérch. Jour. de Conch., p. 129,1872, . 239 
Trinodosa (Rissoa), Rayneval e Ponzi. Jeffreys, Zool. 
Proc., 352, 1884. = Odostomia excavata, Phil. . . 359 
Triptychus, Morch. Mal. Blatt., xxii, p. 18,1875, . 295, 304 
Trochalia, Sharpe. . Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., vi, 101, 1850, . 2938 
Tuberculata (Menestho Humboldtii, ee B. DsDe Moll: 
Rouss., 195, 1888, F . : 
Tumens (Cythnia), Carp. Mazat. ‘Cat., 363, "1856, : - 293 
Tumida (Mucronalia), Pease MS. = — Stylifer Mittrei, Petit, 290 
Turbonilla (Leach), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. iv, 182 a 


317, 322 
Turbonilloides (Odostomia), Brus. Jour. de Conch., p. 240, 

1S69, 4. : : : : : . 355 
Turgidula (Leiostraca), ‘A. Ad. Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

p- “198, 1861, . : : : : . 282 
Turriculata (Odostomia), Monts. Test. Nuovi di Sicil., p 

11, f. 5, 1869. == O. Erjaveciana, Brus. 

Turriculata (Odostomia), Monts. Test. Nuovi Mar. Sicil., 

p. 11, fb. =O. turrita, Manley vat... . 348 
Turriculata (Rissoa), Cale. Monog. Claus. e Ba , 00, 1839. 

— Menestho Humboldtii, Risso, : . 345 
Turris (Chemnitzia), d’ Orb. Cuba, p- 219, t. iV i 10- 13; 

Amer. Mérid., No. 290, . 330 
Turris (Eulimella), Forbes. Brit. Assoc. Report, 188, 1843. 

— K. acicula, Phil., var. . . 340 
Turrita (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. ieane ‘ca "169, 1352, . 334 
Turrita (Cingula), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat., No. 295, 1852: 

Carp., Zool. Proc., 1863. == Parthenia notabilis, Ad. . 359 


Turrita (Odostomia), Hanley. Zool. Proc., p. 18,1844, . 348 
Turrita (Odost.), Metcalfe. Thorpe, Index Brit. Mar. 

Conch., 44, 1844. == Odost. excavata, Phil. . . . 800 
Turrita (Styliferina), Opr. Proc. Cal. Soce., ili, p. 219, 1868, 286 
Turritella (Chemnitzia), Pfr. A. Ad., Zool. Proc. , 130; 1853, 332 
Turritella (Rissoa), Se. Cat. Reg. Neap., p: La; f 24. 

= Turbonilla lactea, Linn. . 322 
Turritellata (Kulima), Requien. Coq. de Corse 1p. 58, "1848. 

= Kulimella ventricosa, Forbes, . x - 340 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 4ll 


PAGE. 
Turritus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., a Dp. 
Bog, tr Lid, 1.17, 1855, i . 301 
Turtoni (Stylifer), Brod. Zool. Proc. ?D. 61, 1832, ; . 289 
Tyvpica (Stylopsis), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 406, 1860, 
320, 344 


Typica (Styloptygma), Tryon, . : : ; : . 812 


Umbilicaris (Odostomia), Malm. Goetheborg K. vel Verh., 


winttp- 128, t. 2, f. 10, : B47 
Umbilicata (Odostomia), Alder. Trans. Ty neside Nat. Club, 

Pood. =O: acuta, eae VATI4 23 . 349 
Undata (Chemnitzia), C arp. Mazat. Cat., No. 531, 1857. 

— C. affinis, C. B. ad. : . 334 
Unicincta (Odostomia doliolum, var.), B. D. D. Moll. Rous- 

sillon, 168, - : z : - 355 


Unidens (Bulima), “Req. Moll. Corse. 
= Odostomia plicata, Mont. 
Unidentata (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Brit., ii, p. 324, . 348 
Unifasciata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 433, 1857, . 333 
Unifasciata (Odostomia), Forbes. Rep. Aeg. Inv., p. 188; 
Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 351, 1884, F : : : . 342 
Unilineata (Leiostraca), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, 
Be.o25, te Lal. 53. : : ‘ : : F . 280 
Unilineata (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
p. 227, t. 3, f. 53, 1873, : : : - 3 : aryl 


Valida (Eulima),A.Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 127, 


1861, .. : . 278 
Valida’ (Neemia), Folin. Fonds ‘de la Mer, 63, We ae s 
1872. = Odostomia dolioliformis, Jeff. . ; oot 


Vallata (Odostomia), C arp. Mazat. ‘Cat., 4} 1, 1857, 2 oOo 
Vancouverensis (Chemnitzia), Baird. Zool. Proc. y Ot, teks 
f. 3, 1863. = C. torquata, Gld. 
Vanesia, A. Ad. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 242, 1861. 
319, 339 
Varians (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8, 1834, . : . 278 
Varicosa (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 181, t. 20, 


fi. 15, 1853, 2 A : : - : Be) 
Varicosa ( Parthenia), Forbes. Rep. Aig. Invert., 136, 1844. 
— Be adustomia striatula, Linn. . : ; 3 . 327 


Varicosa (Turbonilla), Dkr. Mal. Blatt. Mike pedage SGU. aan 
Variegata Me iteie ae A. Ad, Zool. Proce) ps Lis, 


1853, . = . 805 
Variegatus (Obeliscus), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
mwp. 46; 1864. .=— P..coniea, C. B. Ad. : . 302 


Velaini (Turbonilla), Try on, : : a : - 336 


4192 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 
PAGE, 
Ventricosa (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag.N. Hist., 3 ser., 
vis 21. 1860,:. :) io ek ue ee ns 


Ventricosa (Odostomia, Forbes. Rep. Aig. Iny., p. 188, 
1843; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 363, 1884. 


(?) = Eulimella acicula, Phil. var... : : F . 340 
Ventricosa (Pyramidella), Guerin. Mag. de Zool., t. 2, 

1830, . ; ; 5 : : : mews) 
Venusta (Eulima), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., i 294, 

1867, : . : : . 268 


Venusta (Odostomia), Monts. Atti Acad. Palermo, P. 33, 
1875. == O.ameena, Monts. 

Venusta (Turbonilla), Issel. Mar Rosso, 175, 1869, . ae | 

Venustula (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 418, 1860, 336 


Vincentina (Odostomia), Tryon, . ; . 362 

Vincta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc. , vii, p. 88, 
1864, . 5 . 280 

Vincta (Pyramidella), Dall. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Vip p: 
330, 1883. = P. nivea, Morch. : ‘ : : . 304 


Virga (Turbonilla viridaria, var.), Dall? “Proc: US. Nat: 
Mus., vi, p. 332, 1883, 4 ; : 5 a : . oe 
ae (Agatha), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser. 


422, 1860, . 396, 309 
Virgo (Chemnitzia), Carp. ‘Amn. “Mag. N. Hist. 3d ser., XV, 
185, 1865, . . 333 
Viridaria (Turbonilla), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi p. 
339 11883. oh Gta . 329 
Viridescens (Odostomia), Gld. Bost. Proc.) vit; p. 405, 
ESGl « 365 


Vitiensis (Turbonilla), Garrett MSS. Godefroy Shells. 

= T. elongata, Pease. 
Vitrea (Bulima), A. Aid. Zool. Proc: pr 20, Veal, > . 282 
Vitrea (Eulima), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 136, 


Rotor ae ° : 5 ‘ : . 278 
Vitrea (Bulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vii, 47, 

leks Wea : : . 341 
Vitrea ’(Odostomia), iA. “Ad. Oye: Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., 

vi, 416,1860. . . ; . 365 
Vitrea (Odostomia), Brus. (not of A. Adams). Contr. Moll. 

Dalmatia, p. 12, f. 6. 1866. = O. elegans, Monts. . . 300 
Vitrea (Odostomia), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . . 365 
Vitrea (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 

2976 t. 3h. 02, Leas ee . 360 
Vitreolina, Monterosato. Nomenel. Conch. Medit., 100, 

1834, . : : . 259 


Vitreus (Obeliscus), A _ Ad, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, 
p. 339, 1860, ° ° Fae) e e e e ° * 303 


; 
s 


INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 413 
PAE, 
Vittata (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 295, 

S615 %. =o le 
aWibata (Turbonilla), Malin “Mall Ides Andaman, 337 
Vix-ornata (Odostomia elegans, var), Folin. Fonds de la 

Mer Jel, ... : : d : : , ‘ : . 351 
Wolysia, A. Ad. . Anny and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, p.. 306, 

1861, : : : : ~ 5, 261, 289.350 
Warrenii (Odostomia), Thompson. = O. obliqua, Alder, . 350 
Weinkauffi (Torbonilla), Dunker. Jour. de Conch., 343, t. 

13 f. 9, 1862; xi, 335, 1863. = T. fenestrata, Forbes, 325 
Wood-Masoni (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . 337 
Ziziphina (Oscilla), Carp. Mazat. Cat.,416,1857,  . ole 
Ziziphina (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 416, 1857, . . 359 

un EEN OE) On Pin A PES: 
NATIC HD As. 
Puate 1. 
FIGURE, PAGE, 

1-3. Natica stercus-muscarum, Gmel. Jaws. Troschel, 

Gebiss Schneck., i, t. 14, f. 11. Front, back and 
side views, . : : ; ae ee 

4. Natica lineata, Lam. Dentition. ‘Thid., tte (ATO 0:4 

5. Natica millepunctata, Lam. Dentition. Ihbid.,i, t. 14, 

a Ba : F : yack 

6. Natica ‘duplicata, Say. “Dentition, Ebids.1,.6: 15.459. | 4 

7. Sigaretus levigatus, Lam. Dentition. Ibid., i, t. 15, 

f 13, : : é : 10 

8. Velutina ‘levigata, Lam. Dentition. Ebids ints Tae ieo 5; 12 

9. Lamellaria producta, Leach. Dentition. Fischer's 

Manual, viii, f. 528, : : - oe 
10. Marsenina prodita, Gray. Dentition. Troschel, Gebiss, 

i, t215,, 28, ‘ : : ; cmb ie 
KL, Oncidiopsis Grenlandica, Bergh. Dentition. Ibid., 

Tepe ee aa Be : - : 12 
12, 13. Natica millepunctata. Operculum. Specimen, 5 
14, Natica heros, Say. Operculum. Specimen, 5 


414 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 
FIGURE. 
15. Sigaretus lvigatus, Soul. Operculum.  Fischer’s 
Manual, pt. viii, f. 535, 
16,17. Narica cancellata, Chemn. Operculum. Ibid. e 526, 
18,19. Lamellaria latens, Mull. Ibid., f. 530, . 
20. Marsenina prodita, Gray (Lovén). Ibid., ve 531, . : 
21. Oncidiopsis glacialis, Sars. Ibid., f. 532 a, ‘s 
PLATE 2. 
22. Natica millepunctata, Lam. Kuster, oe Cab., t. 


bo 
or 


A, 13, 


: Natica millepunctata, Lam. Reeve, Con Icon., f. 


26 b, 


. Natica macul: ata, Desh. e& millepunctata, var). Tbid., 


f, 18:b, ° 5 zs 
. Natica hebrea, M art. (= millepunet: ata, var. sangui- 
nolenta). Moll. Espagn., t. 20, f. 8, 


26,27. Natica fulminea, Gmelin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 


61, 62 


. Natica Senegalensis, Recluz. (_— ‘fulourans, Recluz.). 


Jour. de Gonch.. Tea reg We: aa 


. Natica Adansonii (N. fanel, Adans.). Reeve, Conch. 


Icon., f. 83, 5, 


30. Natica Adansonii, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 15, f. 6, 
31. Natica Bourguignati, Recluz. Jour. de Conch., iii, t. 


(Wea eo 


. Natica zebra, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 53 }, 
. Natica pellis- ‘tigrina, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 83, 
. Natica lynx, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 19, f. 7, 


aN BY 


. Natica maculosa, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 57, 

}. Natica imperforata, Sowb. Reeve, Ihid., f. 77 5, 

. Natica florida, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 90, 

. Natica tinecturata, Reeve (= pulicaris). Conch. Icon., 


fF, 635. 


. Natica pulicaris, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 13, f. 9, 
. Natica cincta, Recluz. Jour. de Conch.., i, t. 14, f. 7, 
, Natica violacea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 65 6, 
. Natica fabella, Jousseaume. Bull, Soc. Zool. Fr., t. 4, 


f. 11, 1884, 


. Natica tecta, Anton. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 10, 
. Natica Sagraiana,d’Orb. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,f. lll a, 
. Natica filosa, Phil. (= Sagraiana). Kuster, Conch. 


Cab., ti 25: 


. Natica pulchella, Pfr. (8 Sagraiana). Ibid., t.19,f. 13, 


PAGE. 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE, 

47, 48. Natica venustula, Phil. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 
f. 138 a), : : : 

49. N ae Bayani, Jouss. (= venustula). " Guerin’s Mag., 

Shino 1874, 

50: aie Traillii, Reeve. pone Teon. a 137 Ged: 

51, 52. Natica Mozaica, Sowb. Thes. Conch., fi 133, 134, 

53. Natica Chinensis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon. ,f. 82a 

54. Natica Aimei, Jouss. (= Chinensis). Bull. Soe. Zool. 
AR RST aT ov ay sl eae ee ee ne 

55. Natica Forskalii, Chemn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.59b, 

5fi. Natica Maheense, Dufo. Reeve, Ibid., f. 58 ¢, 


. Natica crenata, Reel. (a 


: Nation articulata, Phil. 


. Natica Raynoldiana, Recluz. Reeve, Ibid., f. 56 b, 


PLATE 4. 


. Natica canrena, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 14 }, 
. Natica proxima, Ad. (—canrena). Ibid., f. 126 c¢, 
. Natica lemniscata, Phil. (= canrena). Kuster, Conch. 


Mab:, 6.1 Tt 9: 


. Natica aflinis, Busch. (= canrena). Tbids} t.1ay hs; 
. Natica alapapilionis, Chemn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 


f. 60a, 


alapapilionis) Jour. de Conch., 
by, ty 0, 1.5, - - - . - 
Kuster, 


Conch: Cab. t. 11, f 4, 


e s . . . 
. Natica Broderipiana, Reel. (= ara napiliouis): Reeve, 


Conch. Icon., f. 66 a, 


. Natica esl Reel. = ‘Broderipiana). Jour. de Conch., 


iv, t. f. 12 


. Natica gone a, Menke = Broderipiana). Kiister, 


Conch. Cab., t..17, f. 5, 


69. Natica picta, Reeluz, Reeve, Conch. Icon., i. 61¢ 0; 
- Natica Zelandica, Quoy. Reeve, Ibid., f. 904, 

. Natica catenata, Phil. Reeve, Ibid. Me 92 a, 

. Natica catenata, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab. it. 18, ii i 
. Natica Grayi, Phil. Ibid., t. Lic | 


PLATE 5. 


. Natica marochiensis,Gmel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 52, 
. Natica marochiensis, Gmel. Sowb., Thes., Conch., 


C151, 


. Natica lurida, Phil. (= marochiensis). Kuster, Conch. 


Csb.; t. 12, f. 4, 


- Natica hebreea, Phil. (— marochiensis, var.). Ibid., 


SRE LOAN Guertin) U6) ch. aid atx! OMe 


416 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 

FIGURE. 

18. Natica avellana, Phil. (= Dillwyni, Payr.). Ibid., t 
1g) Eee igs PZ : 5 

79. Natica tessellata, Phil. (= marochiensis var.) Ibid., 
(me fas yeaa ; : : 

80. Natica Cayennensis, Reel. . = ‘marochiensis, var.). 
Jour. de Conch., i, t. L4, MiG sees : 

81. Natica Souleyetiana, Reel. es marochiensis, var.). 
Ibid., t. 14, f. 8, : 

82. Natica Maneelli, Jouss. (= marochiensis, var). Guer- 


89. 


90. 


in’s Mag., t. 2, f. 11, 1874, 


: eae limacina, ‘Jouss. (= marochiensis, var.). Thid., 


2 t.ho, 


. Nation Marchii, Jouss. (= marochiensis, var.). Ibid., 


io Ege ; : 


; Natica Lives int marochiensis, var.). Kuster, 


Coneh. Cab. 211 1 16.2; 


. Natica rufilabris, Reeve (= marochiensis, var.). Conch. 


Ieon., f. 103 b, 


. Natica lacernula, Orb. (= marochiensis, var.). Moll. 


Cuba, t. 1%, f. 23, 


. Natica undata, Phil. (_— marochiensis, var.) Kuster, 


Conch, Cab. t. 11 1a. 

Natica Jamaicensis, Ad. Ee marochiensis, var.). hes. 
Conch., f. 110, ; 

Natica gracilis, Sowb. (= marochiensis, var.). Ibid., 
P4156: 30) Acer 


91,92. Natica Menkeana, Phil. (= marochiensis, var.). 


93. 
94. 
95. 


96. 


Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 15, f. 8, - - 

Natica unifasciata, Lam, (== marochiensis, var). 
Conch. Icon., f. 49}, 

Natica Pritehardi, Forbes (= “‘marochiensis, var.). 
Zool. Proc., ? t. a: fe 2nUy : 

Natica Chemnitzii, Ptr. (= marochiensis, var.). Speci- 
men, 

Natica Cernica, Jouss. (= marochiensis, var.). Guer- 
in’s Mag.., t. 2, f. 13, 1374, 


. Natica lineozona, Jouss. Ibid., 6. Det: 3, 1874, 


PLATE 6. 


99. Natica insecta, Jouss. Guerin’s Mag., t. 2, f. 1, 2, 
1874, : : 5 5 - - : 


. Natica ’ Gaidei, Souverb. ‘(= lineozona). Jour. de 


Conch., t.' 7, f. 1, 1874, : 


. Natica notata, Sowb. (a lineozona). hes. Conch., 


£168; : 


. Natica locellus Reeve (Magnified). Conch, Icon. if. 134, 


PAGE, 


REFERENCE TO PLATES, 


FIGURE. 


3, 


4, Natica asellus, Reeve (Magnified). Ibid., f. 136 a,b, 


. Natica Dillwyni, ’Payr. Thes. Conch., f. 166, : 


7. Natica abbreviata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 157, 158, 


. Natica Dillwyni, Payr. Moll. Corse, t. 5, E 27, : . 
. Natica marmorata, Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 8, 1869, 


11. Natica vittata, Gmelin. Thes. Conch., f. 116, 115, 


. Natica textilis, Reeve (= vittata). Reeve, Conch. 


Icon., f. 115 b, 


. Natica macilenta, Reeve (= Alderi, Forbes). Ibid., 


133 6, 


. Natica nitida (= Guillemini). Ibid. Me 106 b, 
. Natica nitida, Forbes (— Guillemini). Forbes and 


Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. 100, f. 3, 


. Natica Guillemini, Payr. Moll. Corse, t. 5, f 25, 


18. Natica macilenta, Phil. Kuster, Sayan Cab., ti. 10, 
Pelosi 


: age Rizze, Phil. — ‘macilenta). Ibid., t. 15, , ia : 


Natica intricata, Donovan. Conch. Icon., f. 97 ¢,a, 


; ae forata, Reeve. Tvid,, f..129 a: . 

. Natica areolata, Recluz. Kiister, Conch. Cab. 5b i f.2 

. Natica limpida, E. A. Smith. ‘Zool. Alert, 7 5, f. ii 
. Natica Antoni, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab. Re 19, f. 18, 
26. Natica Franciscana, Reeve = Guillemini). Conch. 


feoust V27 6, 


PLATE 7. 


27,28. Natica genuanus, Reeve (= imperforata). Gray, 


29. 
30, 
32, 


Goneh--leon,, f;- 121 a,c; .. 
Natiea fulgurans, Reclan, Ibid. .: 1008, : 
31. Natica concinna, Dunker. Moll. Mar. Jap., t. 2, f. 21, 
33. Natica bicincta, Schrenck. Moll. Amurl., t. 1, 
E23; 


. Natica Collei, Recluz. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 1126, 
. Natica rubromaculata, Smith. Thes. Conch., f. 124, 
}. Natica sagittifera, Recluz (— marochiensis). Jour. de 


Conch., iii, t. 8, f. 5, 


. Natica variabilis, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 104 a, 
. Natica pavimentum, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 132, 
. Natica Cailliandi, Recluz (= pavimentum). Jour. de 


Conch..1,4: 13) £9; 


. Natica pygmea, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,t. 13, f. 12, 
. Natica dilecta, Gould. Moll. Wilkes’ Exped., f. 255, 
. Natica monilifera, Lam. (= catena). Conch. Icon., f. 


50 a, 


. Natica’ monilifera, Lam. yee catena). Forbes and Han- 


ley, Brit. Moll., t. pp, f. 6, 
27 


417 


PAGE, 


418 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE, PAGE, 
44,45. Natica monilifera, Egg Case and Eggs. Forbes and 
Hanley, Brit. Moll.,t. pp, f. Ta,6, . ; : on 


PLATE 8, 

46. Natica Adamsiana, Dunker. Moll. Mar. Japon., t. 13, 

Loos ae 27 
47, 48. Natica Moquiana, Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ,t. 

EST ae? Pe ; ene 
49, Natica Gualteriana, Petit. Conch. Ieon., a: ates ‘ Soy 
49 bis. Natica obstricta, Menke. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 

di iaste. Goanee . : : eos 


50. Natica limbata, a’Orb. ’ Kiister, Conch. Cabs. Tg 1, 28 
51. ‘Natica Isabelliana, d’Orb. Ibid., Us i; da Sah ‘ . 28 
52. Natica labrella, Lam. = collaria, Lam.).- Ibid., t. 11, 


ti, : ; us 
53. Natica Gambie, Recluz (es collaria, Lam.). Conch. 

Ieonh 1105, as: : : : . 28 
54, Natica collaria, Lam. Ibid., f. 87 i.e : ; . 28 
55. Natica Elenaz, Recluz. Ibid. wie 94a, . 28 
56. Natica Haneti, Recluz. Jour. de Conch. “a t. 13, ie T. 28 
57. Natica lineata, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 24, . : mee) 
58. Natica Buriasensis, Recluz. Ibid., "f, 128, 5 29 
59. Natica gracilis, Recluz. Jour. de Conch., i, t. 14, f, ily 29 
60. Natica vitellus, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 39 b, , 29 


61. Natica zonalis, Recluz. Jour. de Conch. oA ate oh 9, 29 


PLATE 9. 


62. Natica rufa, Born. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 70a, oe) 
63. Natica spadicea, Gmel. (= rufa, var.). Ibid.,f.9a@, . 29 
64. Natica globosa, Chemn. (= helvacea, Lam.). vey it 

460, . : . 30 
65. Natica clausa, Brod. and Sowb. Specimen, 30 
66. Natica impervia, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 13, f, ite 31 
67. Natica consolidata, Couth. (=clausa). Bost. Jour., it, 


$..39t. 14, a : : : . 30 
68. Naiien ianthostoma, meet ges clausa). Veet: Mag., 

t. 45, 1841, ; 5 ; sta) 
69. Natica septentrionalis, Beck (= clausa). Thes. Conch., 

£. 6%; : : . 30 
70. Natica algida, Gould. (= “Lewisii, Gould) Moll. 

Wilkes ‘Exped., Teco : : - oo 
Tl. Natica soluta, Gould. Ibid. Ae 257, : : . Jag 
12. Natica gilva, Phil. (= Fortunei, Reeve). Kister, 

Conch.-Cab., t. 1957. 1,. 37 
13. Natica operculata, Jeffreys (25 : clausa, B. and 18). 


Zool: Proc., t. 4, £1, 1385; ; . 30 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 419 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
74. Natica semisulcata, Gray. Conch. Icon., f. 1164, aoe 
75. Natica sulcata, Born. Ibid. 95i0; : A OBIE 
16. Natica borealis, Gray (= pallida, B. and S.). Ibid., 

f.120, : : emne 

TT. Natica bulbosa, Reeve (= pallida, B. and S.). Ibid., 

1p RS : ° Pech 
78. Natica pusilla, Gd. = pallida, B. and 8.). Dbid...1 
117.6; : : et 

19. Natica obtusa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proe., t. 4, f. 6, 18805. 39 

80. Natica nucula, Feeve. 2, Conch. tcon., f. 140, . 5 at 
PuateE 10. 

81. Natica didyma, Bolt. (—ampla, Phil.). Thes. Conch., 

f. 14, . : S32 

82. Natica Chemnitzii, “‘Recluz. (2 ampla). Conch. Icon., 

fee (Qs z : a on 

83. Natica incisa, ‘Dkr. (= ampla). Kiister, Conch. Cab., 

(Fi a a oe : : «a2 

84. Natica Philippiana, Reel. (Josephine, Risso). Conch. 

Icon: f. 45¢, . 33 

85. Natica papyracea, Busch (= ampla). ‘Kiister, onel 

Cab., t. 13, f. 4, : o2 
86. Natica Lamarckiana, Recluz. (= amp). Conch. Icon., 
16,0; : : oh 32 

87. Natica Incei, Phil. Ibid., fi. 89 b, : : u . 33 

$8. Natica Incei, Phil. Thes. Conch., Pe lO yess 33 


89. Natica fibula, Reeve) (== Incei): Conch. Icon. By 130 b, 33 
90. Natica clavata, Sowb. (—Incei). Thes. Conch. pieslOl. oo 


PrLaTe 11. 


91. Natica Petiveriana, Recluz.(—ampla). Conch. Icon., 

fh TK, : : 2 : : : a ae 
92. Natica vesicalis, Phil. (= ampla,. Phil). ~ Kuster: 

Conch. Cab., t. Ser a ; i : : : el 
93. Natica problematica, Reeve (=ampla). Conch. Icon., 

£21 @, : ; : : : : . . 32 
94. Natica bicolor, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cat., t.6,f.4, . 338 
95. Natica Baconi, Reeve (= Incei, Phil.). Conch. Icon., 

it Gs : 33 
96. Natica glaucina, Reeve (=Josephine, Risso). Ibid. 5 E 8, 33 
97, 98. Natica clauca, Humboldt. Ibid.,f.56,a, . ey! 


Puate 12. 
99. Natica sordida, Phil. Thes. Conch., f. 98, . ‘ Boks 
100. Natica plicatula, Reeve (= sordida). Conch. Icon., f. 
LOT 's - : 5 : : : : ; . 38 


420 


REFERENCE TO PLATES, 


FIGURE. 
1. Natica Recluziana, Desh. Thes. Conch.,f.6, . 
2. Natica fusca, Carp. (= otis, B. and S.). Ibid., 1 104, 
3 


ee 


co WO I op 


. Natica duplicata, Say. Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch. » tar LO, 


ve 0 be 


. Natica fossata, Gould (ex duplicata). ‘Specimen, 


Natica Texasis ina, Piili(= i ath a). Kuster, Conch. 
Cab., ts 12) 4 10, ; - - : 
Natica ampla, Phil. Ibid... t. 6, f. 2 2, 


. Natica immaculata, Totten. Invert. Mass. be 344, 
. Natica pisiformis, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 135, . 
. Natica nucula, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 145, 


PLATE 13. 


. Natica Campeachiensis, Recluz (= duplicata). Thes. 


Conch., f. 7, 


. Natica hereulea, Midd. (= Lewisii. Gould). “Ibid., f. 3, 
. Natica Reiniana, Dkr. (= Lewisii). Moll. Mar. Japon., 


pe AL Se 


. Natica heros, Say. Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch., t. 10, f, 


99, 


: Natica papyracea, | Sowb. Thes. Conch., ft 149, : : 
. Natica Gouldi, Phil. (= pallida, B. and Ss). ‘Kuster, 


Conch. Cab.. tale, £8, 


». Natica triseriata, Say heros, Say). ‘Conch. Teon:; 4. 


LOGG5% 


. Natica levicula, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, t. 29, 


f.135 


; Natica notabilis, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 4, f. 1, 1885, 


PuateE 14. 


Vatica heros, Say. Thes. Conch., f. 8, 


N 
. Natica pomum, Phil. (= heros). Kiister, Conch. Cab., 


$. 18, £29, 


. Natica atrocyanea, “Phil. Ibid. rs Sit %, < 
. Natica Fortunei, Reeve. Gonent Econ f. (ee eae 
3. Natica Fortunei, eee Jour. de Ganon: pi Doe a 1863, 


94. Natica Patagonica, Phil. Kuster, Genel: Cab. ifs 8, F 6, 


25. Natica tenuis, Recluz. Jour. de Conch, i, t. 12, ay (abe 
26. Natica caurina, Gould (= pallida). Moll. Wilkes’ 


Exped., f. 254, 


7. Natica pallida, Brod. and Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 137, 
. Natica suturalis, Gray (= pallida). Zool. Beechey’s 


Vioy.y too Lae 4: 


. Natica Largillierti, Recluz. Jour. de Conch., iii, t 


Leetonia |) en 


_—— 


- ee 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. 
30. Natica Montagui, Forbes. Thes. Conch, f. 141, . é 
31. Natica compacta, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc.,t. 4, f. 5, 1885, 
32. Natica subplicata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 4, f. 2, 1885, 
33. Natica angulata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 4, f. 3, 1885, . 
34. Natica globosa, Jeffreys. Ibid.,t. 4, f. 4, 1885, 
35. Natica Groenlandica, Beck. Thes. Conch., f. 140, 
Puate 15. 
36. Natica deiodosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 35a, . : 
ai. Natica Mittrei, Hombr, (= aurantia, ‘Lam.). Voy. 
Astrol. et Zel., t. 16, f. 33, : ‘ 2 ° 
38. Natica ravida, Souleyet. Conch. Icon.,f. 68a, . 
39. Natiea aurantia, Lam. Ibid.,f.20, .. : : . 
40. Natica aurantia, var. straminea, Recluz. Ibid., f. 32, . 
41. Natica citrina, Phil. aurantia). Kuster, Conch. 
Cab ets Tort. 17, A : ‘ < 3 
49. Natica Powisiana, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 22 5, 
43. Natica vestalis, Phil. (= mamilla, Linn.). Ibid., f. 38), 
44. Natica Vavaosi, Guillou (= Flemingiana, Recl.). Ibid., 
ilo, : : : y : : : : : 
45, Natica Pfeifferi, Phil. (= lactea, Guild.), Kuster. 
Conch, Cab., t. 19, f. 12, : : ; é : 
PuaTE 16. 
46. Natica-mamilla, Linn. Thes. Conch, f. 29, 
47. Natica albula, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 23 b, 
48. Natica pyriformis, Recluz. (= mamilla). Ibid, f. 16, 
49. Natica candidissima, Le Guillou. Ibid., f. 28, 


. Natica Caribeea, Phil. & lactea). Tbid., f. 118, . 
. Natica uberin 


. Natica dubia, Recluz. Ibid., f. 41, ‘ 
. Natica Flemingiana, Recluz. Ibid., fy SO et: 3 
. Natica ochrostoma, Recluz. (= lactea, ee. Jour. 


de Cone: 1.4. l3e1..10; 


. Natica galactites, Phil. (= Flemingiana). Kuster, 


Conch, Cab. t249,.f 105.4. 3 


. Natica lactea, Guild. Ibid., t. 10, f.2 its : 4 
. Natica porcellana, Orb. (2 aces Conch. Icon., 


f. 102 a, 


ab., 


PG 6. x. 


. Natica uberina (= cora, a, Orb.). Kuster, Conch. Cab., 


alert Lo. 


. Natica ‘puerilis, Gould (= lactea). Thes. Conch., f. 


422 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


PLATE 17. 


FIGURE. 


68. 


85. 
86. 


. Natica Panamensis, Recluz. Conch. Icon.,f.116, . 
. Natica uber, Val. Thid., DUR eS 
2. Natica Philippiana, Nyst = lnetea). ‘Kiister, onc 


Cab., t. 10, f. 5, 


. Natica casta, Phil. ae = 14, is zi 


Natica larvata, Canefri. Voy. Magenta, t. ie if 5 
Natica alveata, ‘Trosch. (= mamilla, Linn.). Archiv 
Naturg., t. 5, f. 3, 1852 


. Natica virginea, Reel. (mm uber  Val.). Jour. de Coneh., 


int. 12 fe. 


. Natica rapalum, Reeve (= dubia Reel.) Conch. Icon., 


fT, , 
Natica Dy ramis, Beeve.. Ibid ihe 93 Gai. é ; 
Natica a Phil. (= mamilla, ia Kuster, 
Conch. Cab., (He ee ey 


. Natica Salangoensis, Recluz = otis). Ibid. t. 18, f. 13, 
. Natica Gallopagosa, ep es otis). Conch. Icon., 


f. 86d, 


. Natica otis, Brod. and Sowb. Kiister, “Conch. Cab., t. 


a tae 


PLATE 18. 


. Natica amiculata, Phil. (= dubia, Bey Kuster, 


Conch. Cab., t. 14, f. 4, 


. Natica mamillaris, Lam. Conch. Icon , f. 29 a, 
. Natica bifasciata, Gray. Ibid., f. 40, 

16. . : ; 
. Natica ustulata, Sowb. (=—conica). Thes. Conch, 


Natica conica, Lam. Ibid., f. 48 b, 


say OU 


. Natica plumbea, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 34 4, 
. Natica microstoma, Quoy (= plumbea). Kuster,Conch. 


Cab., to 19, f. 14, 


. Natica Strangei, Reeve ee leucophoea). Conch. Icon., 


f. 815, 


. Natica melastoma, ‘Swains. Thes. Conch., f. 100, 
2. Natica leucopheea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 516,. 
. Natica intemerata, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab.,t.18,f.10, 


PLATE 19. 


. Natica elongata, Troschel (— cora). Archiv Naturg, 


tb, of. 2a, 1852, 
Natica puella, Phil. = Jactea Guild). ‘Kiister, Conch. 
Cab. t, 10, tt; : 3 
Natica cora, a’Orb. Conch. Tcon., FZ 2b, . : 


47 


47 


SS EES es ee. e: 


Oe ee ee ee ee 


See an 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 493 


FIGURE. PAGE. 
87. Natica suffusa, Reeve. Ibid., f.139, . . . 44 
88. Natica sordida, var. elobosa (— plumbea). Zool. 

Beechey’s Voy., €.-O1, 16.0, : ; . 44 
89. Natica ianthostoma, Desh. (See pl. 9, f. 68). Guerin’s 

Mag., t. 45,1841, . ee: 
90. Natica melastoma, Swains. Conch. Icon., f. (hse . 45 
91. Natica perspicua, Recluz (= otis). Ibid.,f. 12, ws 
92. Natica effusa, Swains. (= Powisiana). Thes. Conch., 

[82 : . aD 
93. Natica alabaster, Reeve (= intemerata). Conch Icon., 

f. 33 b, : : : . 46 
94. Natica Atacamensis, Phil. (= dubia). Reise Atacama, 

terete 20... : : : : Be 
95. Natica Jukesii, Reeve an candidissima). Conch. Icon., 

f. 84, : : : : : : : saa 
96. Natica unimaculata, Reeve. [hid f: $5.a,>. : - 46 


97. Natica phytelephas, Reeve. Ibid.,f.42a, . ‘ - 46 


PLATE 20. 


98. Natica solida, Blainv. Conch. Icon., f. 710, ; oS 
99. Natica Cumingiana, Recluz (= Powisiana),  Ibid., 


f. 13a, : . - : : : : . 42 
100. Natica Draparnaudi, Recluz (= Powisiana).  Ibid., 
f. 44D, : : : . - : » 42 
1. Natica orientalis, Gmelin. hid tGo 0d.) |... : «48 
2. Natica orientalis, Gmelin. Thes. Conch., f. 66, . . 43 
3. Natica zoologica, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, 
PG, : : : : : i . 46 
4. Natica columnaris, ‘Recluz. Thes. Conch.,f. 37... ue Aane 
5. Natica albumen, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 51, : . AT 


Piet: Oe 


6. Natica pusilla, Say. Gould, Invert. Mass., 2d edit., 

£6135 ; ; ‘ 2 : : : oll 
7. Natica Dunkeri i, Phil. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t.19, f.19, 45 
8. Natica sanguinolenta, Desh. (= Sale es Guerin’s 


Magazine, t. 46, 1841, ‘ 5 : . 45 
9 Natica tenuis, Phil. (eZ Fortunei, Reeve). Kuster’s 

Conch. Cab. jbo Ato ds) es : a0 or 
10. Natica elabella, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 1246, 50 
11. Natica glabella, Reeve. Thes. Conch.,f. 159,  . . 50 
12. Natica Magellanica, Phil. (= Patagonia, Hee Voy. 

Astrol. and Zelée, t. Gas 2 ee. |. 3T 


13. Natica melanostoma, mel Kuster, ‘Genchs Gabe , t. ie 
jo) ; ; é : 50 


424 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE, 


14. 
15. 


ih. 
se 


18. 


19. 


41. 
42. 


Natica melanostoma, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 72, 

Natica Zanzebarica, Recl. (= melanostoma, var.). Thes. 
Conch:; f(a 8 : ; : 

Natica Sebee, Soul. = melanostoma yvar.). Phid:, f.79, 

Natica fibrosa, Som (—— melanostoma, var.) Voy. 
Bonite, t. 35, f. 9, 


Natica succineoides, Reeve. saa ‘melanostoma, var.). 


Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ra ay sel 7A Tea : 
Natica Simiz, Desh. (= melanostoma, var. ay Tbid., 
f. 76 b, 


. Natica Bernardii, Reel. ic melanostoma, var.). Jour. 


de Conch., ii, t. rte 2 


PLATE 22. 


. Natica melanostomoides, Quoy (= melanostoma, var.). 


Reeve, Icon., sp. 101, 


. Natica filosa, Sowb. 'Thes. Conch., ye: mee 

. Natica Priamus, Recluz. Ihbid., f. 93. 

. Natica maura, Brug. Reeve. Icon , sp. 25 a, 

. Natica macrostoma, Phil. Kuster, Coneh. Cab., t. 9. f. 1, 
. Natica umbilicata, Quoy. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 108 b, 
. Natica macrotrema, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 


tok, see 


. Natica fluctuata, See WDhes. Conch.. it 17, 3 

. Natica candida, Moller. Adams’ Genera, iG: 99, f. Sate 
. Natica flava, Gould. Gould, Invert. Mass. ‘2d ed ,f.616, 
. Natica helicoides, Johnson. Reeve, vaaer Icon., f. 


144 b, ° 


. Natica purpurea, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch. ,Vii, t. 15, f. 16, 
. Natica globulus, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 40, f. 5, 1880, 
. Sigaretus haliotoides, Reeve (= concavus). Coneh. 


Icon., f. 4 a, 


: Sigaretus neritoides, Linn, Ibid., f. 5 5, 


PLATE 23. 


. Sigaretus concavus, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 3a, 
. Sigaretus concavus, Lam. Chenu, Il. Conch., iii, f.11, 
. Sigaretus latifasciatus, Ad. and Reeve (= neritoides). 


Voy. Samarang, t. ey sie Oh 


. Sigaretus Javanicus, Gray (= neritoides). Conch. 


“Tcon., f. 8a, 


e Sigaretus inseulptus, Ad. and Reeve es neritoides). 


“Voy. Samarang, t. 13, f. 10, : : 
Natica Martinianus, Phil. Conch. Feony. tf) 20e = 
Natica Martinianus, Phil. hes. Conch., , f. 28, 


PAGE, 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 495 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
43. Sigaretus unifasciatus, Recl. Chenu, Ill. Conch.,f. la, 56 
44-46. Sigaretus Japonicus, Lischke. Ktister, Conch. 

Cab.,.t. 7, f. 7-9, P : : ; , 3 . 55 


PLATE 24, 
47. Sigaretus levigatus, Lam. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 2, 
ti SE Xe : : : : : « 299 
48, 49. Sigaretus levigatus, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 
Gee lea 05.) <e 2 " | rs) 


50. Sigaretus australis. Hanley (levigatus). lids: fl 5yay. 65. 
5]. Sigaretus zonalis, Quoy (= pad asia ae FeO; sc," (D0 


52, 53. Sigaretus eximius. Reeve. Pbid.,. f.. 22 a,b). 2 ab 
54. Sigaretus argenteus, Reeve (= — eximius). Ibid., Ladi, , 00 
55, 56. Sigaretus Cuvierianus, Recluz. Reeve, Icon., Le 
12 b, a, : ; : : : . 55 
OT. Sigaretus maculatus, Say. Thes. Conch., f. 2, , <6 
58. Sigaretus maculatus, Say. Am. Conch. re 95, ‘ 2. 256 
59, 60: Sigaretus bifasciatus, Recl. Jour, de Conch, ii, t. 
(Fei bat: Sakis Sale - : - - . d6 
. Sigaretus perspectivus, Say. Thes. Conch., f. 24, eon 
my 63. Sigaretus sinuatus, Recluz. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 
ie Be tent, 9: : : : ; A vill te 186 
64. Sigaretus perspectiv us, ‘Say. Conch. Icon., f. 16, oa got 
65. Sigaretus debilis, Gould. Specimen, . : : 5 iit 
quae Sigaretus Philippi, Weinkauff. Kuster, Conch. 
Cabs tao. tel —3, ‘ : , ; : : ey 
69. Sigaretus incisus, Reeve. Conch. Icon.,f. 11,  . OT 
PuLaTE. 25. 


710-72. Sigaretus undulatus, Lischke (= incisus). Kuster, 
Conch. Cab., t. 7, f. 10-12, ‘ : : ; Sone 
73. Sigaretus Delesserti, Recluz. IIL Conch., iii, f.8a@, . 58 
74. Sigaretus Delesserti, Recluz. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 
=a nO, : 58 
tO, 10; Sigaretus planulatus, Recluz. Conch. Icon. Be Ta, b, 58 
T7. Sigaretus lacteus, Recluz (= Spaaetitg ’ Kiister, 


“Conch. Cab., t. 8, ks . : 858 
78. Sigaretus papilla, Gmel. Conch. Ieon., ie te : . 08 
19. Sigaretus coarctatus, Reeve oe papilla, aut. Ibid., 

Ni b, : F ; : : Beare: 


| Sigaretus tumescens, Reeve. fbid., f. 13:67. 
s Sicaretus oblongus, Reeve. Ibid.s f 2b-b,. : Ae ite 
84. Sicaretus pellucidus, Reeve. Reeve, Icon.,f.236, . 59 
85, 86. Sigaretus mamillaris, Linn. Thes. Conch., f.41,42, 59 
87. Sigaretus nitidus, Reeve (— papilla). Ibid.,f.35, . 58 


496 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE, 
88. Sigaretus acuminatus, Ads. and Reeve (= papilla.). 
‘Thid., f. 43, : as é 
89. Sigaretus NONE ATE Recluz. Chenu, Ill. Conch., iii 
4 a, : : : . : 
90. Sigaretus Lamunnieeane Reeluz (= Linneanus). Ibid., 
f, 5a, . . . . . - . 
ab. Sigaretus fibula, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 39, 
92. Sigvaretus pictus, Reeve. Reeve, leon., f. 24.4; 


PLATE 26. 


93-95. Lamellaria latens, Mull. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 12, 
f, 4, 


90,9 ce Lamelatin perspicua, Tie iounes aad Hanley, 
6. 99 RIS 9. : 
98. ora tentaculata, F. and H. (= latens). Tbid., 
ado, dna lOy 


99. banene zonifera, Bergh eae perspicua, var.). Mem. 
Copenh., 5 ser., iii, t. 5, f. 8, 
100. Lamellaria pellucida, Verrill.. Trans. Conn. Acad, Vv 
t. 58, f. 5, : 5 : a . 
1,2. Lamellaria tenuis, Jeflreys. Zool; PrOC:, ty ogo, 
1885, : 5 ; : : : 
3, 4. Lamellaria Antarctica, Couthouy. Wilkes’ Expl. 
Exped., f. 259 a,b, : : 
5. Lamellaria preetenuis, Couthouy. " Thid., ft 260, : 
6-8. Lamellaria Patagonica, Smith. Zool. ’Proe. Ata tegike 9, 
1881, : 
9, 10. Lamellaria Berghi, Desh. Moll. Reunion, t. hs f. 
19, 20, : ; : 5 5 : ; 
11. Lamellaria Tongana  Quoy. Voy. Astrol.,t. 66, bis,f. 5, 


PLATE 27. 


12, 13. Lamellaria Stearnsi, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 
toot Oy rh 1. 5 : ; : 
ay 5: Lamellaria Tongana, Quoy. “Voy. poste t. 66, 
Diss fies, : é 
16. Lamellaria nigra, Blainv. Bistaw, Malacol., Fae O81 OS 
17. Lamellaria Mauritiana, Bergh. Voy. Astrol., t. 66, 
Leyte teats ey : : : A : 
. Lamellaria Cuvieri, Bergh es Tongana). Cuvier, 
Anim. Kined., 2d Edit., i 1 a rae: Het se ‘ 
19. Lamellaria isabellina, Bergh. Semper 8 segs t. am 
PAS saa 2 
20. Lamellaria gemma, Bergh. Thid., te fat if. 1, 
21, 22. Lamellaria Diegoensis, Dall. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
viii, t. 24, f. 2, 3, 


PAGE, 


acre emp cee 


es 


—— FORE LIS re aa) Re 3 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE, 
23, Lamellaria Semperi, Bergh. Semper’s Philipp.,t. 41, f. 9, 
24,25 Lamellaria rhombica, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 
teleost. 4.-5, ; : : - : : 
26. Lamellaria ‘glabra, Couthouy. Gould, Invert. Mag., 
2d Edit., f. 607, ; : : ‘ : : 
27. Lamellaria Micromphala, Bergh. siaai ce eka 
uit, 4. 4, 4: 3, : : : : : 
28. Lamellaria micromphala, Bergh. Sars.,. Moll. Norv., 
Te > es Ca es rr : : - : 
29.30. Lamellaria ‘Grenlandics, Miller. Tpit, 20, ei 


PLATE 28. 


31, 32. eae prodita, Lovén. Trans. Conn. Acad., 
v, t. 42, f. , : , : : 

33, 34. eee ampla, Vv errill. Ibid., t. 42. f. 3, . : 

35, 36. Oncidiopsis glacialis, Sars. Sars, Moll. Norv.,t. 12, 
ae O30) cc ; z : 

31, 38. Oncidiopsis Greenlandica, Bergh. “Mem. Copenh., 
assert. 2, f. 2,5, : : 

39. Oncidiopsis carnea, Kroyer. "Ibid, tt 3, fe 3, ; 

40. SS Montrouzieri, Souverb. Jour. de Conch., 

moet LST), : : 

41-43. Velutin’a levigata, Pennant. Forbes and Hanley, 
(dee 45 1t. 00, fry |. : - : : 

44, 48. Velutina Miilleri, Desh. (= levigata). Guerin’s 
Mag., t. 28, 1841, i ; ‘ : 2 : 

45-47. Velutina cry ptospira, Midd. Middendorft’s Reise, 
inane ea Tee 

a9 O0:. V. elutina coriacea, Pallas. Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop., 
Vi Net We Os ss : ‘ 

1,52. Velutina lanigera, Miller. Sars, Moll. Norv., t 
HZ ut 3, : : : : : 

53. Velutina expansa, Sars. ==. zonata). Ibid, t.-21)f 6; 

54. Velutina zonata, Gould. Gould, Invert. Mass., 2d ed., 
f. 606, : 

55-57. Velutina flexilis, Mont. (== plicatilis), Forbes and 
fanley; t.199) i. 6, 15 -t..00;:f.. 6:6, : 

58. Velutina Bernardi, Martens. Archiv fur Nature , t. 
Peo; LBS ;=" ? le : 

59. Velutina solida, Martens (— levigata). Ibid., t. re f.2, 
1858, : - : : Tis: : : 


PLATE 29. 


60. Vanikoro cancellata, Lam. Voy. Astrol., t. 66 bis, f. 20, 
61. Vanikoro cancellata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 1), . 
62. Vanikoro Gueriniana, Recluz.. Ibid.;f.2, . 


427 


PAGE, 


63 
64 
64 
64 


64 
64 


428 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. 
63. Vanikoro rugata, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 8b,. 
64. Vanikoro cidaris, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 4, 
65. Vanikoro ligata, Recluz. Ibid.,f.6, . 


66. 


67. 
68. 


69. 


h See 

Vanikoro plicata, Reel. (= ligata). Ibid., f. ae 

Vanikoro helicoides, Recl. (= ligata). Thes. Conch., 
T2203 : 

Vanikoro Deshayes esiana, “Reel. (=ligata). Reeve, Icon., 
rie Ie - 


Vanikoro Petitiana, Recluz. (= ligata). Reeve, Teon., 


. Vanikoro Souleyetiana, ateel. (= ligata). Tbid.. E it: 
. Vanikoro Blainvilliona, Recl. (= ligata). Guerin’s 


Mag., t. 131, f. 2, 1845, 


2. Vanikoro delicata, Pease. (—— ligata). Am. Jour. 


Coneh,, iii, t: 23,7. 25, 


. Vanikoro ‘clathrata, Recluz. Conch: Teens f. ae 


Vanikoro granulosa, Rec]. (—clathrata). Reeve, E 16, 


. Vanikoro semiplicata, Pease (= a Thes. 


Conch., f. 5, 4 ‘ 


. Vanikoro Cumingiana, Reel. ee clathrata). Guerin’s 


Mag., t. 124, f. 1, 1845, 


. Vanikoro granifera, Pease — clathrata). ‘Am. Jour. 


Conch., v, t. 8, f. 13, . 
79. Wades! Sia ad’ Orb. “Moll. Bata: fe 1, f. 26, 28, 


. Vanikoro striata, d’Orb. Ibid., t. 17, f. 29,. 
- Vanikoro lamellosa, d’Orb. = striata). Ibid., ‘t. 17, 


feet xo 


2. Vanikoro rosea, Reeluz. Conch. Teon., aie. is, 
. Vanikoro eélata, Sowb. Ibid.,f. 23, . 
3. Vanikoro disparilis, Desh. = eee ep Conch. Ile 


Reunion, 


5. Vanikoro acuta, Recluz. Thes. Conch. on 12, 

. Vanikoro imbricata, Pease (= acuta). Ihbid., f. 11, 

. Vanikoro Recluziana, Ads. and Angas. Ibid., f. 2, 

. Vanikoro solida, Sowb. Ibid.,f.1,  . 

. Vanikoro semisoluta, Sowb. Reeve. "Conch. Icon., f. 24D, 
. Vanikoro Orbignyana, Ricluz. Guerin’s Mag., t. 124, 


f. 2, 1845, 


. Vanikoro Gaimardi, Ads. Sas Orbignyana). Conch. 


Teon:,i/9, ; - : 
Vanikoro tricarinata, Reel. igs Orbigny ana). Thes. 
Conch., f. 24, 


. Vanikoro eine Becton: Conch. icant f: 13 b, 
. Vanikoro Cuvieriana, Recluz. Thes. Conch., f. 23, 
. Vanikoro foveolata, Montr. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., 


Wists Ge. Chl 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


CALYPTRZID. 
PuatTe 30. 


FIGURE. 


1. Harttia Matthewi, Walcott. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv, 


= (a (Ae Bs - : : - : : 
2. Crucibulum peziza, Gray. Dentition. Troschel, Gebiss 
Schneck., i, t. 13, f. 5, : , : ; 
3. Calyptrea Chinensis, Dentition. Mid 1s; a: - 
4. Crepidula fornicata, Linn., Dentition. Ibid., t. 13, f. 9, 
5. Capulus Hungaricus, Linn., Dentition. Ibid.,t. 13, f. 14, 
6. Hipponyx conicus, Schum., Dentition. Ibid.,t. 13, f. 15, 
7. Calyptrzea Chinensis, Linn. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. 
Moll., t. BB, f. 8, 103, : : é : i 
8. Xenophora trochiformis, Born. Troschel, Gebiss der 
Schnecken,1,t.16,£ 7, - 
9. Vermetus gigas, Quoy. lbid , t. 13, f. 4, : - 
10. Vermetus gigas. Part of jaw. Ibid., t13,£.3.7 
11. Turritella ungulina, Linn. I[bid., t. 12, ae 3 
12. Turritella lactea, Moller. Ibid., t. 12, f. 13, 


Puate 31. 


13-16. Crucibulum scutellatum,Gray. Sowb. Thes. Conch., 
£. 447. f. 1-4; Z 

Ve Cracibulum imbricatum, Brod. (=scutellatum). Conch. 
Icon., f. 9a, . 

18, 19. Crucibulum corrugatum, " Carp. ce scutellatum). 
Thes Conch., t. 448, f. 33, 36, . : : 

20. Crucibulum umbrella, Desh. am scutellatum). Conch. 
Icon., f. 6,. 

21, 22. Crucibulam concameratum, Rve. ee scutellatum). 
Ibid., f. 23, 

23. Crucibulum serratum, Brod. (= scutellatum). Trans. 
Zool. Soe. vi, t. 28, £ 1, : 

24. Crucibulum pectinatum, Carp. = scutellatum). Conch. 
Ieon., f. 116, . : : : = 


Pate 382. 


25. Crucibulum trigonale, Ad. and Rve. (= scutellatum, 
var.). Conch. Icon., f. 3 6, - 

26. Crucibulum ferrugineum Reeve (—scutellatum). Ibid., 
f. 5a, : 

27, 28. Crucibulum lignaria. ‘Brod. (= scutellatum). Trans. 
Maal. SOC. 15 't. 2h gh. Sy o <a . 

29. Crucibulum tenue, Brod. — scutellatum). Ibid., t. 
-\ Oe ae - : - . : ° 4 


429 


PAGE, 


430 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. PAGE. 

30, 31. Crucibulum spectrum, Rve. (= scutellatum). Thes. 
Conch., t. 448, f. 19, 20, . : ae 

32, 33. Crucibulum auritum, "Rye. as tubiferum, Less.). 
Conch. Icon., f. 17 a, b, : eel 


34, 35. Crucibulum ‘auriculatum, Chemn. Ibid. oe 15, a, b, ale 
36, 37. Crucibulum violaceum Carp. (—scutellatum). Ibid., i 
oe ys Bel ae : apellhy 4 


38. Crucibulum spinosum, Sowb. ree tubiferum). Tbidssrt: 
10d, ; te Buys : Ge ae SR ers dal kal ; 
PLATE 33. 
39. Crucibulum cinereum, Reeve (= tubiferum). Reeve, 
Conch, lcon., 10 9: arid 
40, 41. Crucibulum : spinosum, Sowb. (= tubiferum), Trans. 
Zonl,-Soe:, 1, t, 28,1. 8... i : ceaulty 
42. Crucibulum hispida, Brod. (= tubiferum). Ibid., t. 
Dic ety Wha ae ys : : ete ly 
45, Crucibulum maculatum, Brod. ce tubiferum) Tbid., 
tity tal 3 ‘ ae 
44, 45. Crucibulam striatum, Say. Thes. “Conch., t. 449, 
i. 59,40, : : - Pe eke) 
46, 47. Crucibulum extinctorium, Lam. Ibid. , t. 449, f. 55, 
Desa te eae bay 
48, 49. Crucibulam morbidum, Reeve (= extinctorium). 
Conch. Icon., f. 24, . : AGLES 
50, 51. Crucibulum lividum, hyves(—= extinctorium). Tbid., 
ea - Pati ; Pe) 
52, 53. Crucibulum radiatum, Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., t. 
Dike eee Os - : : Beale!) 


54, 55. Crucibulum verrucosum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 19, 119 


PLATE 34. 


56, 57. Calyptraa Sinensis, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 5, Lig 
58, 59. Calyptreea subreflexa, Carp. Ibid., f. 17, : - 120 
60, 61. Calyptraea pellucida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 2, : . 120 
62, 63. Calyptreea conica, Brod. Ibid., f. 13 a, 6, : - 120 
64, 65. Calyptreea mamillaris, Brod. Ibid., f. 12 a, b, . 120 
66,67. Calyptraea fastigiata, Gld. (= mamillaris). Moll. 


Wilkes’ Expl. Exped., i: 45470 a. : 2 26 
68, 69. Calyptrzea solida, Reev se se mamillaris). Conch. 

Icon., f. 10, 3 : . 120 
(AUER I tc Calyptraea lichen, Brod. tex mamillaris). Trans. 

Zool. Soe., i, t. 28, 't Le - 20 
73, 73. oe unguis, Brod. = mamillaris). Tbid., t. 

28, f. 3 : 5 - - . . : : . 120 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. 


14, 75. Calyptraea poculum, Rve. (= mamillaris). Conch. 


keon., f. I,-. : ‘ : - 120 

16, 17. Calyptrea Candeana, ad’ Oru: “Moll. Cuba, t. 24, f. 
27, 28, : 121 

78, 79. Caly ptreea ely peolum, Rve. —— mamillaris) Conch. 
Teon., f. 14, . . 120 
80, 81. Calyptrea. aspersa, Ads. (— mamillaris), “‘Thid., f. 4, 120 

82, 83. anne A. Ad. = Candeana). Thes. 
Conch., t. 449, f. 41, é ; ; 121 

PLATE 35. 

84,85. Infundibulum Pe Lam. Thes. Conch., t. 451, 
1°95; 96, : : : . : ae te | 

86. Infundibulum sordida, Brod. (= radians). Trans. 
Zool. Soe., i, t. 28, £2 2, : Bia lel 

87. Infundibulum spirata, Forbes (es radians). Thes. 
Conch., t. 451, f. 97, a : . 12} 

88. Infundibulum corrugata, Rve. = radians), Conch., 
freon: £95; : : Pee 2 

89, 90. Infundibulum intermedia, vOrb. Voy. Amer. 
Merid= 6-59, 1; 5,6, : : : 2122 
91, 100. Infundibulum pileolus, a’ Orb. Thid?7t: 18, £4. 122 

92, 93. Infundibulum helivoidea, Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 
aA tos, of, ~. : : : . . 122 

94, 95. Infundibulam lateralis, Sowb. Ibid., t. 450, f£ 
93, 94, 122 

96, 97, 98. Infandibulum tomentosa, Quoy (2 calyptrae- 
formas); Voy. Astrol:, t..12,f. 1,2,°3, "4 . 122 

99. Eo aa maculata ,Quoy CONG St: Thid., 
oe - : 122 

PLATE 36. 

1. Crepidula fornicata, Linn. Specimen, ; : 124 
2. Crepidula fornicata, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 15a, . 124 
3. Crepidula fornicata, Linn. Thes. Conch., t. 452, f. 118, 124 

4,5. Crepidula Se Brod. (= fornicata). Trans. 
Zool. Soc., i, t. 29, f. oa . 124 

6, 7. Crepidula aici "WOrb fe fornicata). ‘Voy. 
Amer. Mérid., t. 58, f. 1, 3, - . 124 

8. Crepidula Aplysioides, Rve. = fornicata). Conch. 
deon:; fT. 19; : - . 124 
9. Crepidula elauca, Say. “Am. Mar. "Conch., t. 19, £189,125 
10. Crepidula convexa, Say. Ibid., f. 188, 125 

11, 12. Crepidula adspersa, Dunker. Moll. Guinea, t. dD, f. 
16, 28, : : : : : . 125 


432 


REFERENCE TO PLATES, 


FIGURE. 


Lo, 


13, 14. Crepidula lentiginosa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. are 
1. 130, , 
16. Crepidula ‘Capensis, “Quoy. Voy. Astrol., Tak 


We 


18, 
20, 


15, 14, 


Crepidula Moulinsii, Michaud. Bull. Linn. Soe. hes 


yea ae IS ° - 2 . . 
LO: Crepidula Lessoni, Brod. Conch. Icon., f. 16, 


21. Crepidula fimbriata, Rve (= Lessoni). Ibid., f. 1, 


PEATE Bt: 


. Crepidula porcellana, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 24 


. Crepidula squama, Brod. (= Lessoni). Ibid.,f.5, . 
25. Crepidula explanata, Gld. (Lessoni). Mex. Shells, 


|e te: es et | 


27. Crepidula bilobata, "Gray ce dorsata). Conch. 


eons, 12.29: 


: Crepidula foliacea, Brod. eS dorsata). Trans. Zool. 


SoGksl, tebe tO, ; : 
30. Crepidula strigata, Brod. (en dorsata). panit t 
25,1. ko, 


A Crepidula dilatata, ‘Lam. Gonces Teon., f 3 a, 


Crepidula pallida, Brod. (=—dilatata). Conch. Icon. af 26, 


. Crepidula grandis, Middendortf (= dilatata). Mal, 


Ross. 6. Lis, 


: Crepidula nummaria, Gd. ee. dilat: uta). Moll. Wilkes’ 


Rr ciuaee f. 480, 


6. Crepidula contorta, Quoy e& monoxyla). Voy, 


eee (tents AO CLG:, 


. Orepidula. rugosa, Nutt. (eines Sowt.) Conch. 


Icon, f..10:0, 


38. Crepidula hepatica, Desh. ex onyx). Thid.. ad 23, 


4). Crepidula incurva, Brod. (—adunca, Sowb.). Trans. 


Zool: Soe: i, 6.029515, 


PLATE 38. 


. Crepidula dorsata, Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc.,i, t. 28, f. 10, 
. Crepidula minuta, Midd. (= dilatata). Mal. Ross., t. 


Ta, te 6, . e 
44, Crepidula onyx , Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 9, 


; Geeuiani nan ceearteae Krauss. (= onyx). Sudat. Moll., 


4 of 2 : : 
47. Crepidula immersa, Angas ( Naa x). Zool. Proce., 
t. 2, f. 12, 1865, 


ae Crepidula marginalis, Brod. (— onyx). Trans. 


Zool. SoC. 1, ts20, t-.0, 


PAGE. 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 433 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
50. Giepidule lirata, Reeve (= onyx). Conch. Icon.,f.30, 128 
51. Crepidula adunca, Sowb. Ibid., f. 12, - : - 129 

52. Crepidula solida, Hinds (= adunea). Voy. Sulphur., 


od eee ok ae - 129 
53, 53a. Crepidula rostriformis, Gd. (=adunea), Wilkes’ 

Exped. Moll, f. 482, pales) 
54, 55. Crepidula excav Conch. 

Icon., f. 4, : : ° = 129 


56, 5T. Crepidula Walshii, Hermannson. Pbidsst AG «130 
58. Crepidula scabies, Rve. (= Walshii)s Ubid:, f. 18,» ~ 130 


PLATE 39. 
59. Crepidula Sitchana, Midd. (= onyx). Mal. Ross., t. 
Mi ft. 3. . 128 
60. Crepidula fissurata, Sowb. ee adunea). Thes. Conch., 
jee We : . 129 


61, 62. Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Conch. Teon.,£ 99 a,b, 129 
63. Crepidula echinus, Brod. (ar ans. Zool. 

Soc., i, t. 29, f. 1, ; «129 
64. Orepidula hystrix, Brod. (= ‘aculeata). Ibid., t. 29, fr e019 
65. Crepidula costata, Mke. (—aculeata). Conch. Icon. if. 21, 129 
66. Crepidula unguiformis, Lam. Thes. Conch., t. 453, 


f. 140, : 130 

67, 68. Crepidula Deshay esii, Folin (= unguiformis). Mé. 
léagrinicoles, t. 4, f. 9, 10, : . 130 

Gos 10; "1. Orepidula Chinensis, Gray. Thes. “Conch., t. 
453, Pyles 153, ; . 130 

72-74. Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. Forbes and Hanley, 
Brit. Moll., t. 60, F152 5/t.100, f. 5, . « Lot 
75. Capulus intortus, Lam. Mell. Cuba, t. 24, f. 22, lod 

76. Capulus liberatus, Pease = intortus), Am. Jour. 
Conch., iii, t. 24, f. 2, oi lol 

TT, 78. Capulus badius, Dunker. " Moll. Maris Japon., ip 13, 
£16; 17, , . 132 

nos 80. Capulus sagittifer, Gould. Moll. Wilkes’ Exped., 
f. 486, . : 132 
81. Capulus violaceus, Angas. Zool. Proc.,t. 13, f. 93. 1867, 132 

PLATE 40. 

82, 83. Capulus Ungaricoides, d’Orb. Voy Amer. mérid., 
Tavtoee oy Poe shell 

84, 85. Capulus dilatatus, A: Ad. (=radiatus). Moll. Mar. 
Japon., t. 12, f. 13, 14, : - 132 


86, 87. cee commodum, Midd. — radiatus). Reise, 
tlt, 1. 4,15, = . : . . ° : . 132 


28 


434 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
88. eee astericola, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 
oe Ua ay : : : - . 133 
89, 90. enor tricarinata, Gmel. Adams’ Genera, t. 41, 
f./2) : - : : . 133 


oi Amathina nobilis, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 27,1867, 133 
92. Amathina angustata, Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., t. 1, 


{6 1STTs Se : : 3 : - : . 133 
93, 94. Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Fischer’s Manuel, 
1.19, % . 134 
95, 96. Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Adame? Geter, t. Al, 
ee ers - . 134 
97. Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn, " Specimen, - . 134 
98. Hipponyx foliaceus, Quoy (—antiquatus). Voy. Astrol., 
t. 12,242, : 134 


99. Hipponyx Chamzeformis, Rocheb. es antiquatus). 
Nouv. Arch. Mus., 2d ser., iv, t. 18, f. 11, : . 134 
100. Hipponyx serratus, Carp. Specimen, : . 134 
1. Hipponyx subrufus, Lam. Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 22, . 134 
2. Hipponyx barbatus, Sowb. Ibid., t. 73, f. 2G) eae - 135 

3. Hipponyx a are Ga (e— barbatus). Guerin’s Mag., 
ta Oy ESS se : . 135 

4, 5. Hipponyx radiatus, " Gray p= Grayanus, Mke.). 
Thes. Conch., i, t. 13, f. 24, 25, : S135 
6. Hipponyx Cranioides, Carp. Specimen, : 135 
7. Hipponyx tumens, Carp. (= Cranioides). Specimen, 135 


PLATE 41. 

8. Hipponyx radiatus, Quoy and Gaimard. Voy. Uranie, 
t.69, f 4,4: . 135 

9-11. Hipponyx Australis, Quoy. Voy. " Astrol., t. 72, 
25, 27, 33, . : 136 

12,)43. Hingis acutus, Quoy (= Australis). Ibid. it. 72, 
136, teh te . 136 

io a Hipponyx suturalis, Quoy (= Australis). Tid., 
G. Wet, Boy AOS oe . 136 

a By Hipponyx imbricatus, Gould. Moll. Wilkes’ Exped. - 
1 ASO % ; . 136 


18, 19. Hipponyx crystallinus, Gould. Ibid., f. 489, slSG 
20. Hipponyx granulatus, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 3, 


1853, : : . 3 : . 136 

21, 22. Hipponyx Danieli, Crosse. Guerin’s Mag., t. 3, f. 2, 
1858, . . 136 

23, 24. Hipponyx Ticaonicus, Sowb. Thes. Conch. ave 73, 
f. 28, 29 Se . 136 


25, 26. Mitrularia’ equestris, Linn, hes. Conch., t. 445, 
f. Ie 2. e ° e . e . . e e 137% 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 435 


FIGURE, PAGE, 
27. Mitrularia by Reeve (= equestris). Conch. Icon., 

f. 33, relay 
28, 29. Mitrularia scutulum, Rve. (=equestris). Thid., £30, 137 
30. Mitrularia cepacea, Brod. (=equestris). Ibid., f. 14, LST 
31. Mitrularia stella, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid., f. 2A, 3) ¥St 
32. Mitrularia granulata, A. Ad. Zool. Proe., t.20, f. 3, 

1853, ° : . : : 2 . 136 


PuatTE 42. 


33. Mitrularia Layardi, Rve. (—equestris). Conch. Icon., 

fs 28en : . : : : - - : Ae ey 
34, Mitrularia alveolata, A. Ad. (—equestris). Ibid., f.8, 137 
35. Mitrularia varia, Brod. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 25a, . 137 
36. Mitrularia Adamsi, Rve. (— equestris). Ibid., f. Ta,. 137 
37. Mitrularia cancellata, Ad. and Reeve (= equestris). 


Mids B20 as * . pti 
38. Mitrularia Vanikorensis, Quoy (= equestris), Ibid., 
f. 32 b, ; : 23ST 


39. Mitrularia ossea, Reeve ie equestris). Ibid., 190s < UST 
40, 41. Mitrularia Hipponiciformis, Reeve (= equestris). 

Ibid., f. 26 a, b, - 137 
42, Mitrularia cyathella, Rve. e equestris). Ibid., f. 29 a, 137 
43. Mitrularia bulla, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid., f. oe oo Lsi 
44. Mitrularia stultorum, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid. 51. Lda 1ST 
45, 46. Mitrularia Tongana, Quoy 1(= equestris). Voy. 


Astrol., t. 72, f. 17, to ee . 137 

47, 48. Mitrularia Pileopsis, Quoy ee equestris). Tbid., 
oie, 19: 20... : @ Lat 

49-51. Mitrularia chlorina, Gould (2 equestris). Moll. 
Wilkes’ Exped., f. 487, . SLT 


52. Mitrularia radiosa, Gould = equestris). Ibid., i. 488 b, 137 
53. Mitrularia tortilis, Rve. (= equestris). Conch. Icon., 
Fe2.0;. - ; : sultan 
54, Mitrularia diaphana, Rve. ee equestris). Ibid f.2ea@, 137 
55. Mitrularia Martiniana, Rve.(—equestris). Ibid.,f.13 a, 137 
56. Mitrularia cicatricosa, Rive. (==equestris). Ibid.,f.3 a, 137 


PLATE 48. 


57. Mitrularia uncinata, Rve. (= equestris). Conch. Icon., 

Leet, ; - : : : - - : « 13ST 
58,59. Mitrularia papyracea, A. Ad. (= equestris). Ibid., 

f. 6a), - Wot 
60. Mitrularia dormitoria, Rve. = equestris). Ibid, ie 5 b, 137 
61, 62. Mitrulariacornea, Rve. (=equestris). [bid. f.! 22a, b, 137 
63. Mitrularia saccharimeta, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid., 

f. 15a, : . . : ° ° ° . « 18% 


436 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE, PAGE, 
64. Mitrularia balanoides, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid., f.21b, 137 
65, 66. Mitrularia porosa, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid., f. 

ZOMG Och ke sels 
67. Mitrularia fibulata Reeve (= equestris). Conch. leon. 
ft tka, /b; colton 
68, 69. Mitrularia corrugata, Brod. Ibid., v3 18 a, b, . 138 
70. Mitrularia aculeata, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid. f 3la, 137 
71, 72, 73. Mitrularia tectum- Sinense, Lam. Thes. Conch. 
t. 446, f. 30, 33, 34, 139 
74. Mitrularia scabies, Reeve es tectum-Sinense). Conch. 
feont, £166,045. ° ° : . 2 139 
XENOPHORID. 
PLATE 44. 
75, 76. Xenophora calculifera, Reeve. Kiener, Trochus, 
Hi iO cap LE : : ; : ‘ A 53) 
ile Xenophora solaroides, Reeve. Kuster, Xenoph., t. 47, 
£6. 2 . 159 
78. Xenophora caperata, Phil. Kiener, Trochus, t. 19; if 1, 159 
79. Xenophora pallidula, Reeve. Ibid., t. 54, . 160 
80. Xenophora caperata, Phil. Jour. de Conch., 2d ser., i 5 
o. LOe Es Gee - A : . : - és - 159 
PLATE 45. 
81, 82. Xenophora corrugata, Reeve. Kiener, t. 8; Reeve, 
Leon. 6,6: : ; ; : : «lpg 
83. Xenophora_ caperata, Phil. Kiener, Iconog., t. 79, f. mm 159 
84. Xenophora cerea, Reeve. Kuster, Trochus, t. 48, f. 3, 160 
85. Xenophora Mediterranea, Tiberi (= crispa, Konig). 
Kiener, Trochus, t. 66, f. 1, : a Z ‘ . 160 
86, 87. Xenophora Senegalensis, Fischer. Ibid., t. 65, f. 2, 160 
PLATE 46. 
88. Xenophora Mediterranea, Tiberi. Kiener, Trochus, 
te66,1..2, : stG0 
89. Xenophora onustus, Rve. (= conchy liophorus). Reeve, 
Phorus, f. 3a, Pag 
90, 91. Xenophora exuta, Reeve. Kiener, Trochus, t. 2 22, 
Oe eee 5 2 = 1GL 
92, 93. Xenophora Indica, Gmnel. Ihid., t. 9, f. rm : ee Wt 
PLATE 47. 
94, 95. Xenophora Australis, Sowb. Kiener, Trochus, t. 66, 
72; ; ; ° e . 160 
96. Xenophora helvs acea, Phil. Tbid., t. 53, . = . 162 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 437 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
97, 98. Xenophora Caribea, Petit. Ibid., t. 65, f. 1, . 162 
99, 100. Xenophora Lamberti, Souverbie. Ibid., t. 44,f.1, 162 

1, 2. Xenophora solaris, Linn. Reeve, Phorus, f. 5a,b, 162 


VERMETID &. 


PLATE 48. 


. Vermetus gigas, Quoy. Voy. Astrolabe, t. 67, f. 13, . 163 

. Vermetus triqueter, Bivona. Embryo. SS, velum; 
br., branchiz; e, eye; /, cephalic tentacle; p, an- 
terior portion of foot (Lacaze-Duthiers). Fischer’s 
Manuel, pt. viii, p. 690, f. 460, . : : : . 165 

7. Vermetus triqueter, Bivona. Animal: m, columellar 

muscle; ¢, cephalic tentacle; ¢ p, pedal tentacles ; 

op, operculum; 0, ova-capsules, attached in the 

interior of the shell (Lacaze-Duthiers). Fischer’s 


ao 


Manuel, pt. vili, 691, f. 461, . : < . 168 
8. Vermetus maximus, Sowb. Operculum. Tbid., viii, 
692, f. 463, ° : ; . 163 


Je) 


10. Siliquaria Bernardii, “Morel. Operculum, enlarged. 
Ibid., viii, 693, f. 464, : 7 - . 168 
i Vermetus varians, Orb., var. Carpenteri. Section, 
showing internal lamella. Zool. Proc., 317, f. 4, 
1856, - ° ° 5 FCO 
12. Vermetus renisectus, Car p. ee Ad ansoni). Tbids ie 3, 169 
13. Vermetus Ne rinoides, Carp: 7 Thid: 1.6." <3 : eek! 


14. Vermetus octosectus, Carp. Ibid., "f. 8, . - mae yi 
15. Vermetus cereus, Carp. Ibid., f. 1, : - ae 
16. Vermetus macrophragma, Carp. Ibid , f. te : « Lis 
17. Vermetus cochlidium, Carp. Ibid.,f.2, . . 2 Lis 


18. Vermetus flavescens, Carp. Ibid., f. 3, - : a we: 
19. Vermetus Cuvieri, Risso. Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. 
Merid., iv, f. 16, 5 : : : ; - . 183 


PuaTeE 49. 
20. Vermetus lumbricalis, Roissy (= Adansonii). Chenu, 
lust Conely., 4,-0.5, £1, : = had 
21. Vermetus lumbricalis, Roissy => Lamarckii, Mirch). 
hbid:,.6:d5)4. le, a atiGg 
Ba 28. Vv ermetus varians, d’ Orb. Voy. Amer. “ Méria., t. 
Cy aS ° o h10 


24. Vermetus conicus, Dillw. Gualtieri, t. ‘10, f. Jbas Oe py 

25,26. Vermetus olomeratus (=renisectus, Morch). Chenu, 
Minat.Canch. 1; 2 2ad; . : - é > Ero 

27. Vermetus contortus, Carp. Specimen, 7 ‘ Fig ly (a 


438 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 
FIGURE. PAGE, 
28,29. Vermetus Nerinoides, oe Ads. Genera, t. 137, 
i; 10, 2 171 
30. V ermetus carinatus, Quoy. “Voy. Astrolabe, t. 61, f. 
24, 26, : : - Lp2 
31. Vermetus lilacinus, Mirch. Humphrey and Da Costa, 
tl, £147, ; - Wiz 
32. Vermetus subcancellatus, Bivona. Chiaje, Test. Sicil., 
toi, £8, - pelts 
33. Vermetus Lispe, Adans. (=vermicella, Linn.). Adan- 
son, Hist. Nat. Senegal, t.11,f.2, . : 173 
34. Vermetus anellum, Moreh. Specimen, gs GY) 
35. Vermetus Panamensis, Rouss. (=centiquadrus). Chenu, 
Illust. Conch., t. 5, 'f. 1 ae ° : ° ; 174 
PLATE 50. 
36. Vermetus effusus, Val. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t.5, f. 4, 174 
37. Vermetus angulatus, Rouss. Ibid. fits Dykes lle 
38. Vermetus Peronii, Val. (— centiquadrus). Voy. Vv enus, 
ta cs * via 
39. Vermetus siphonata, Mirch (& centiquadrus). Chenu, 
Illust. Conch., t. 4, f. 6, 174 
40. Vermetus tulipa, Rouss. = centiquadr us). ‘Tbid., t. 1, 
: : Bei 
41. Vermetus triquetra, Bivona. Moll. Sicil., i, ./9;.f Ol 206 
42. y coaetus fascicularis, Mch. (= triquetra). Ibid.,i, t. 9, 
‘tera . ; ° : : : P ‘ . 176 
PLATE 51. 
43. Vermetus sipho, Lam. (= Rousseau, Vaill.). Chenu, 
Illust. Conch., t. 4, f. 3, upper, . ; = : Bed bf) 
44, Vermetus semisurrectus, Bivona. Phil., Moll. Sicil., i, 
tO, talons - ; : : Satie 
45. Vermetus Seguenzianus, Aradas. Aradas and Benoit., 
Moll. Sicil., t. 3, f. 6, = 116 
46. Vermetus Quoyi, H.and A. Ad. Adams’ Genera, t. 39, 
f. 3a, ; 176 
47. Vermetus Dofan, ‘Adans. (ss Goreensis). " Adanson, 
Moll. Senegal, te 1 fs, “ 1717 
48. Vermetus Spiruliformis, De Serres, Ann. Se. Nat., 
t. 8, f. 1, 1855, . ; Blais 
49. Vermetus immersa, Morch. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. tee 
td 16, 1.999; : Be tk 
50. Vermetus spirorbis, Sowb. Sower by, Manual, t. it i 8, 178 
51. Vermetus corrodens, Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 18, f. 2, . 178 
52. Vermetus irregularis, Orb. VTbids ta vi aeons . 178 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. 


53. 


54. 
55- 
58. 


59. 
60. 


61. 
62. 


63. 


Vermetus glomeratus, Bivona. Philippi, Moll. Sicil., i, 
ee ette 2c, : . . “ “ : . - 


PLaTE 52. 


Vermetus Ammonitiformis, Serres. Ann. Sci. Nat:, iv, 
taS, to 2, 18oo,”. . : - : : 
5T. Vermetus olomeratus, Bivona. Adams’ Genera, 
icued ls : . - é : 

2 iad annulatus, Lam. Chenu, Illust. Conch., 
oe Aaa : : : : : 

ng Le planorbis, Dunker, Moll. Japon., t. 2, f. ae 


439 


PAGE, 


178 


Dead | or 
- 178 


~ Lis 


178 


Vermetus polyphragma, Sassi. Chiaje, Test. Sicil., 
t.57,f.1,. - 179 

Vermetus gigas, Gray. “Chenu, Tllust. Conch., t. 4, fh 5, iis) 

Vermetus aletes, Mch. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 9, f. 18, seid 


Vermetus dentiferus, Lam. Chenu, Illust. Conch., 
ite 4, if L; e. e es e e e e 


PLATE 53. 


. Vermetus Novee-Hollandiz, Rouss. Chenu, I[llust. 


Conch., t. 1, f 4, 


Pasar Gs, 


aeie 


65. Vermetus. masier, Desh. Adanson, Hist. Nat. Seneg.. 
teeth ot 5; A 180 
66. Vermetus Brasiliensis, Rousseau. Chenu, Ilust. Conch., 
Teas Oy 0 te : - B . 180 
67. Vermetus atra, Rousseau. Ibid., t. Bele ote 2 180 
68. Vermetus imbricatus, Dunker. Moll. Japon.,t.2,f.18, 180 
69, 70. Vermetus nodoso-rugosus, Lischke. Jap. Meeres 
Conch, 1, t. 51 1; 4. : : 5 : . 180 
Tl. Vermetus decussatus, Gmelin. Humphrey and Da 
Costa, t..10, £15, /- : ‘ - : : Sorel 
72. Vermetus poritis, Rouss. (= decussatus). Chenu, 
Illust. Conch., t.2,f.3, . : . - ° atol 
PLATE 54. 
73. Vermetus squamigerus, Carp. Specimen, . pelle 
74. Vermetus margaritarum, Val. Chenu, Illust. Conch., 
tere shes Din. 3) - - F aesit 
75. Vermetus Michaudi, Rouss, Ibid., t. 2, ut 5, : + 18h 
76. Vermetus poritis, Rouss. Pbid., t: 22a. 3c, : Be likey 
77. Vermetus dentiferus, Quoy (=longifilis). Voy. Astrol., 
bet6, £27; : = Ll 
78. Vermetus inopertus, Ruppell. Ruppell’s Voy., t. a 
fo8, : : ° A : . 182 
79. Vermetus arenarius, Quoy. ‘Voy. Astros tiGT, 448." 182 


440 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. 

80. Vermetus elegans, Quoy. Ibid., t. 67, f. 11, : 

81. Vermetus Zelandicus, Gray. Ibid., t. 67, f. 17, 

82. Vermetus lituella, Morch. Specimen, : 

83. Vermetus Datin, Adans. (= afrum, Gmel.). Adanson; 
‘Hist. Nat. Seneg., t..11, 1446, : 

84-86. Vermetus perforans, Serres wa politus). Ann. Sci. 
Nat., iv, t. 8, f. 3, 4, 6, 1855," . 5 : : 

87. Vermetus nebulosus, Dillw. Specimen, : : 

88. Vermetus bicarinatus, Sowb. Sowb. Man., f. 4, 


PLATE 55. 


89, 90. Vermetus gigas (= maximus, Sowb.). Chenu, 
Tllust. Conch., oot C06, 

91. Vermetus Dacoste, Mirch. Humphreys, Conch. th ie 
1, 45, 

92. Vermetus margaritarum, Val. Chenu, Tlust. Conch.. 
t; 4; 12) 

95. Vermetus megamastum, Mirch. "Zool. Proc., t. 95, f. 
12, 1861, 

94. Vermetus roseus, Quoy. Voy. Astrol., tae 61, iz 20, : 

95, 96. Vermetus pennatus, Mirch. Zool. Proc. ks 25, 1a 
LTB TN 9) OAT aa 

97. Vermetus costalis, Rouss. (= Sa angle Chenu, 
Illust. Conch., t. 3, cage Is pees : 

98. Vermetus Indicus, Rouss. (ee lumbricalis). "Ibid. st. 3, 
f. 2b, 

99. Vermetus spiratus, Phil. Archiv Nature., ‘t. if £4 b, 
1836, 

100. Vermetus radicula, Stimpson = spiratus). “Specimen, 


PLATE 56. 


1. Vermetus unicostalis, Mérch (— tortuosus). Chenu, 
Hiust:, Conch, ts3, 1045)" % ' ; : : ; 
2. Vermetus dimorphus, Mérch. Humphrey, Conch., t. 
RG ae age 
3-5. Vermetus pelincidus, Br. et Sowb. Zool. Proc. ‘te 25, 
ff, 17, 18,20, 1 S61. ar 
. Vermetus eburneus, Reeve. Conch. Syst., ii, “ 152, f.9, 
. Vermetus effusus, Val. Chenu, Illust. Conch. ,t.5,f.4a, 
8. Vermetus turritella, Rouss. Ibid., t. 5, f. 3, 
9, Vermetus regularis, Chenu (= me Ibid. , Ser- 
pula, t. 10,f. 4, : 
10. Vermetus Panamensis, Chenu ee pellucidus). Tbid., 
Serpula, t.10,f.5, . . F : Sh ae 


eis dice =o 


; 


_ 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


441 


PuaTE 57. 

FIGURE, PAGE, 
11. Siliquaria ponderosa, Mirch. Conch. Icon., f. 3, . 188 
12. Siliquaria Senegalensis, Recluz. Ibid., f. 8, . 188 
13. Siliquaria encaustica, Morch. Ibid., f. 10, et lichs) 
14. Siliquaria trochlearis, Mérch. Thes. Conch., t. 481, f. 

1 nae : : : : : 7 189 
tps. 1G: Siliquaria obeusa: Schum, Rbid. 5 t, A480, t 4.350°\.. L389 
17. Siliquaria teniata, Mérch. (= Australis) Adams, 

Genera, t. 39, f. 5a, : = 89 
18. Siliquaria tostus, Mirch. Conch. ‘Jeon., fi ‘Bie 290 
19. Siliquaria Cumingii, Moreh. Ibid., f. 2 b, . 190 

PuaTE 58. 
20. Siliquaria Australis, Quoy. Conch. Icon., f. 6, - 89 
21. Siliquaria Cumingii, Moreh. Ihbid., f. 2, . 190 
22. Siliquaria Bernardii, Moreh. Ibid., f. 9, : 190 
¥3, 24. Siliquaria anguina, Linn. Ibid.,f.7, . : = aU 
25. Siliquaria squamata, Blainv. (= anguina). Chenu, 

iituet- Conch, t. 2. 12, . é : 3 90 
26. Siliquaria lactea, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 5 a, aelenl 
27. Siliquaria Taheitensis, Morch. Ibid., f. 13,. OL 
28. Siliquaria Weldii, Woods. Specimen, . lol 

TURRITELLID&. 
PLATE 59. 
29. Turritella triplicata, Studer. Dentition. Troschel, 

Gebiss, i, t. 12, f. 12, ‘ ; : : : 192 
30. Turritella acicula, Stimpson. Dentition. Sars, Moll. 

a eNotw.. t. 1, f. 2d F : j : ‘ salle2 
31. Turritella communis, Risso. Operculum. Fischer, 

Manuel, 694, f. 466, . : : - ; . 192 
32. Turritella terebra, Linn. Kiener, Cog. viv., t. 3, f. 1, 195 
33. Turritella spectrum, Rve. ee terebra). Conch. Icon., 

f. 40, - > : 195 
34. Turritella bacillum, Kiener. Coq. Miv.. ted. de 196 
30. Turritella cerea, Reeve (= bacillum). Conch. Icon., 

i225, 4 : i : : : 196 
36. Turriteila fascialis, Menke. Phi: teaice : Se 
o1 ialis). Ibid., 

f 6, F 3 3 5 197 
38. Turritella cingulifera, Soni “bide: f. 64, : =295 
39. Turritella fragilis, Kr. (= cingulifera). Kiener, Coq. 

mites ts 8: 1.3, 198 


. Turritella fuscocincta, Petit ae cingulifera). Joun de 


Conch*, Lvs (Gels f 8, F P ‘ F 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


PAGE, 


41. Turritella parva, Angas (= cingulifera). 
£26, £. LT TSR 


- 198 


Turritella crocea, Kiener (= bacillum). 


~ 196 
= SG 
+ 96 


; Turritella ungulina, Linn. 
. Turritella nivea, Gray. - 
A Turritella cornea, Lam. (=e communis, Risso). 


. 196 


: Turritella cornea, Lam. = communis Risso). 


. 196 
- 197 


: Turritella (eee Krauss. 

48,49. Turritella triplicata, Studer. 

50. Turritella turbona, Monts. (= triplicata). 
Genoa, ix, 420, 

51, 52. Turritella goniostoma, Val. 


Sudaf. Moll. t. 6, f. 8, 
Conch. Icon., f. 43 a, b, 


Canc. leat 3 10a, b, 


53. Turritella Broderipiana, Orb. Conch. Icon., f. 6 6, 


197 


 EOT 
198 


. £98 


. Turritella marmorata, Kr. 


= goniostoma). 
Cog. Vivi, 2 8; £4. : 


198 


- 198 
- 198 
tes 
- 198 


. Turritella lentiginosa, Reeve. 
. Turritella punctata, Kiener. 
. Turritella Banksii, Reeve. 

. Turritella variegata, Linn. 

. Turritella Hanleyana, Reeve a rr 


, 199 


. 200 
- 200 
. 201 


. Turritella sinuata, Reeve. 
. Turritella Cooperi, Carp. 


32. Turritella rnbescens, Reeve. Conch. ake z 63, 


. Turritella meta, Reeve (= variegata). Conch. Icon., 


: Parcteles variegata, Tain , var. elongata, Rve. 


: Waerieciie tigrina, gence. aenee Monog.. 


}. Turritella Cumingii, Reeve wegen 3 Ganele Icon.., 


198 


, Se 
; £9e 


ota 
- £39 


- Turritella rosea, Quoy. 
: eee lineolata ener (rose). Kiener, Iconog. 


- "199 


: Toes ae Bee Conch. Icon., ae 21, 


. Turritella declivis, Beeve 


199 
200 


a ey ere 


—_ 


| 
| 
: 
i] 
2 
z 
q 
a 
. 
: 
| 


REFERENCE TO PLATES, 


FIGURE. 


71. 
72. 
73. 
74. 


OT hm Co bo 


Turritella cingulata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 23, 
Turritella leucostoma, Val. Ibid., f. 5 
Turritella flammulata, Kiener. Ibid., f. 24, 
Turritella torulosa, Kiener. Ibid., f. 21, 


PLATE 63. 


. Turritella trisuleata, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 17, 
. Turritella columnaris, Kiener. Ibid., f. 14,. 
. Turritella radula, Kiener. Ibid., f. 30, 


79. Turritella nodulosa, King. Ibid., f. if a, Bes 


. Turritella papillosa, Kr. (= nodulosa). Kiener, 


Coq. Viv., t. 14, f. 3, 


. Turritella aquila, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 46, 
. Turritella bicingulata, Lam. Ibid.,f. 20, . - 
. Turritella maculata, Reeve. Ibid., we 3 lie 

. Turritella Knysnaenis, Krauss. Sudaf. Moll., t. 6, f. 9, 
. Turritella annulata, Kiener. Coq. Viv., t. 13. £ if 

. Turritella Gunnii, Reeve. Conch. ico 2 45, : 
. Turritella Tasmanica, Reeve (= Gunnii, var.). Ibid., 


f. 42 


_ Turritella i incisa, Reeve. Ibid., Js 65, 3 
. Turritella infraconstricta, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 50, 


f. 20, 1878, 


. Turritella vittulata, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Icor.., 


f. 58, 


_ Turritella canaliculata, J Ad. and Reeve. " Ibid., 12 51, 
. Turritella fastigiata, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 48, 


PLATE 64. 


. Turritella hastula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 31, . 

. Turritella congelata, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid. , f. 59, 

. Turritella pagoda, Reeve. Ihbid., f. 60, ° 

. Turritella candida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 38, : : 

. Turritella multilirata, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 54, 


99. Turritella exoleta, Linn. Kiener, Coq. Viv., t. 
me f. 2, 


. Turritella cochlea, Reeve = - exoleta). Conch. Icon., 


£295 


: Turritella excav ata, Sowb. — exoleta). Zool. om 


bool, t. 3; 1810, - 


. Turritella clathrata, Kiener. " Conch. Icon., f. 37, 

. Turritella decipiens, Monts. Specimen, 

. Turritella alba, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., t. 3, es 1872, 
. Turritella-monilifera, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Teon.. 


fe 50, . e e o . . . * . . 


444 


FIGURE. 


6. Turritella concava, Martens. 


7. Turritella carinifera, Lam. 
8. Turritella eemmata, Reeve. 
9. Turritella Hookeri, Reeve. 
10. Turritella acuta, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, 


REFERENCE TO 


te20,t bos 


11. Turritella ferruginea, Reeve. 
12. Turritella acicula, Pres 


f. 133, 


13. Turritella erosa, Couth. Ibid. 
14. Turritella Eschrichti, Midd. (= erosa). Mal. Ross , 


AG phe ae ree 


PLATES. 


iy Marribelle reticulata, Mighels oad aes ae Mar 


Conch., t. 11, f. 131, 


16. Turritella constricta, Reeve = ‘clathrata). Conch. 


Leon., ti, 16; 


17. Mathilda granolira, Costa & eleg antissim: a). Misc. 


Mal acol., 


18. Mathilda ee Costa. Ibid., : 
19. Turritella declivis, Aurivillius. Vega | Exped. t. 12, 
£9; 


19. Mathilda Sinensis, Fischer. 


20. Turritella duplicata, Linn. 


PLATE 65. 


1867, . 


21. Turritella acutangula, Linn. (= duplicata). Ibid., 


2, f. 28, 


22. Turritella ‘attenuata, Rve. = duplicata, var.) Conch. 


Oe Maeribells australis, Eau 


Icon., f. 4, 


24. Turritella costulata, Mighels. 


f732, 


25. Turritella lactea, Muller. Re : 
26. sas costata (erosa, var. ) Aurivillius, V eva Exp., 


27, 28. 


Be ire - 
Gree brevialis, Lam. 


29. Turritella brevialis, Lam. Reeve, Turritella, f, 16 a 


30. ‘Turritella varia, Kiener. 


81. Turritella Caribzea, Orb. (= varia). Hist. Nat. Cuba, 


t. 10, f. 21 


32. Turritella Melanoides, Reeve: 


Beek 


33. Turritella opalina, “Ads. and 


34, 35. 


fo, 
Provo Knockeri, Baird! 


Zool. Proc., 59, 1870, . 


PAGE, 
Moebius’ Mauritius Mere 
« 206 
Conch, Icon. il 19.4, . 206 
fore, f. "28°" . 206 
Conch. Icon. 5 h.O, . 206 
. 206 
Conch. Icon., f. 32, . 207 
Am. Mar. Coneh. th ay, 
- 207 
cli 130, . 208 
’ 908 
208 
206 
10 
fe 13, 10 
208 
Jour. de Conch., t. 9, f. 3, 
. ‘ : - 5 211 
Kiener, Iconog.,, t. 1, 207 
207 
= UNG 
Kiener, Iconog., ‘t. 4, f. 3, 3° 208 
Am. Mar. Conch., t. 11, 
“ 208 
eve, Mesalia, f. Is . 208 
, : 208 
Reeve, Mesalia, i 2 a, b, 209 
209 
Kiener, Iconog., t. 2, f. 3, 209 
A ; , : . 209 
Conch. Icon. Mesalia, 
: ' : : . 208 
“Rye. Reeve, Turritella, 
210 
210 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. ; 445 


FIGURE. , PAGE. 
36. Mathilda cochleformis, Costa. Brugnone, Misc. Mal., 

to,. : : : : - 210 

37. Mathilda elegantula, Angas. Zool Proc. lve, leak, 200 
38. Mathilda quadricincta, Brocchi. Conch. Foss. subap., 

RR a en Oat 


C ACID A. 
PLATE 66. 


39. Shell of Ceecum, much enlarged. Fischer, Man. de 
Conch., p. 698. 
, Spiral nucleus; 0, first septum; c, second septum ; 


ee aperture, : . 212 
40. Animal of Cxcum. Forbes and Hanley 4 Brit. Moll. a 
(ae . 212 


41, 42. Nucleus of Cxeum., Jour: de Conch., a Di, f. la, 

WOO VET To | : 5 Bee: 
43. Nucleus of Meioceras. ‘Ibid. 5 bt ie i. 2, 1877, A . 214 
44,45. Nucleus of Strebloceras. ’ Ibid. 5 ba Dots heii Cetis SE. 
46. Nucleus of Parastrophia. Ibid., t. Be if re 1877, < ~ 24 
47-51. Different forms of the septum. Ibid., t. 4, figs. 13, 


iif se ; ; ; ‘ ; foie 
52. Cecum leve, C. B. Ad. ” Specimen, : : : pols 
53. Caecum farcimen, Cpr. Specimen, - : - . 215 
54. Ceecum vitreum, Cpr. Specimen, : : : . 215 
55. Cecum Clarkii, Cpr. (= vitreum, var.). Speeneny « 25 
56. Czecum dextroversum, Cpr. Specimen, - 215 
57. Caecum glabrum, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. 
Moll.£. 69, £. 5, : . 215 
58. Ceecum auriculatum, Folin. B. D. and ne Moll. Rous- 
silon, 232 : : ; : : . 216 
59. Ceecum Achironia, Folin. Jour, de Conch. t. 3..f.- 1, 
1867, : : : : : : . 216 
60. Czecum Someri, Bolin: “Thid.. feioeis 2. h86 1. P se ailiG 
61. Caecum subimpressum, Cpr. Specimen, . Q . 217 
62. Czecum Floridanum, Stimpson. Specimen, : Bp eAl Wy 


63. Cxcum pulchellum, Stimpson. Tryon, Am. Mar. 


Wonch. tll, f. 135, : - : ; : aL 
64. Cecum rhysotitum, Folin. Jour. de Conch., t. 2, f. 6, 
1867, : : . 218 
65. Ceecum Cooperi, Carp. = Californicum, Dall). Speci- 
men, . : “ : : “ . : - 219 
PLATE 67. 
66. Ceecum firmatum, C.B. Ad. Specimen, . ; pera 
67. Cecum quadratum, Cpr. Specimen, . : ‘ - 217 


446 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 
FIGURE. PAGE, 
68. Cxcum compactum, Cpr. (= quadratum, var.). Speci- 
men, . ; : : : : : 3 ey 
69. Cecum elegantissimum, Carp. Specimen, er) 
70. Caecum undatum, Carp. Specimen, . 218 
Tl. Cecum ecrebricinctum,Carp. Specimen, . er Ke} 
72. Cecum subannulatum, Folin. B.D. D., Moll. Rous- 
silon, p. 231, 5 218 
73. Caecum nitidum, Stimpson. “Specimen, : . 222 
74. Cecum cornubovis, Carp. Specimen, . 3 - . 223 
75. Cecum cornucopie, Carp. Specimen, . 223 
76. Caecum annulatum, Brown. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. 
Moll. t. S859. 1; ‘ . 220 
TT. Coeecum trachea, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., 
Fag Os ONL 219 
78. Cxecum par: adoxum, Folin. Jour. de Conch., t. 2, f. t, 
1867, ; : : : 5 : . 218 
79. Cecum phronium, ‘Folin. Jour. de Conch., t.°3, 1.4, 
1867, : : : : : 221 
80. Ceecum coronatum, Folin. Lbid., to) fa. 1ser, 221 
81. Cecum Folini, Buea. ., Dautz., Dollf. Moll. Roussilon, 
p. 233, : 4 4 A - . 223 
82. Ceecum irregulare, Folin. Jour. de Conch., t. 3, f. 6, 
1867, : : : ; : : 221 
83. Cecum magnum, Stearns. Specimen, ; ; 219 
84. Caecum Cooperi, Smith. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., ix, 394, 221 
85. Caecum costatum, Verrill (= SESE: Am. Jour. 
Science, 3: ser:, Ui; t.6,.f. 65°. 4 2.221 
86. Ceecum clava, Folin. Jour. de Coneh ahs 3, iS, 1867, 220 
87. Caecum insigne, Folin. Ibid., t. 2, f. ri, 1867, . 220 
88. Ceecum breve, Folin. Ibid., t. 3, ry 5, 1867, 220 
EULIMID&. 
PLATE 68. 
89. Eulima grandis. A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon. he 4, . 266 
90. Eulima Martini, A. Ad. Ibid. Bi 6, . 266 
91, 92. Eulima candida, Marratt. Proc. Lit. Phil. Soe. 
Liverpool, KXLY, "339, : 4 . 266 
93. Eulima major, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 5, 266 
94. Eulima arcuata, Sowb. (= major). Ibid., f. 1 ee 266 
95. Kulima flexuosa, A. Ad. Thes. Conch. ae: 169, "f. 2 29, . 20% 
96. Eulima Cumingii, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon. Eulima, sp. 8, 267 
97. Eulima teinostoma, A. Ad. Ibid., feds : 267 
98. Eulima picta, Sowb. Ibid., f. 45, - ‘ : . 267 
99. Eulima lactea, A. Ad. Ibid., ft 2, , “ . 26m 
100, 15. Eulima porcellana, A. Ad. Tbid., f; lik . 268 


REFERENCE TO PLATES, 
FIGURE. 
1. Eulima brevis, Sowb. Ibid., f. 27, : : 
2. Eulima labiosa, Sowb. (= brevis). Ibid., f. 10, 

3. Eulima acuta, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 15, 2 3 : 2 
4. Eulima inflexa, Pse. (= solida). Am. Jour. Conch., 
iii, t. 24, f. 26, - 

5. Eulima solida, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. of 18, 

6. Kulima pusilla, Sowb. Ibid. ae 2. ore , 

7. Eulima exilis, Pse. (= pusilla). ‘Am. Journ, Conch. 
Wr, ts 245 1.25," 2 : : : : - 

8. Eulima venusta, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, f. 24, 

9. Eulima retrorsa, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31, 

10. Eulima augur, Angas. Ibid. va 47, 

11. Eulima proxima, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., i “48, 

12. Eulima articulata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 1, 

13. Eulima opaca, Sowb. Ibid., f. 30, : 

14. Eulima pyramidalis, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 23, 


. Eulima opalina, Folin. Méléagrin., t: 6, f. 1, 


. Eulima micans, Woods (= Tenisoni, Tryon). Speci- 


men, 


: Eulima conoidalis, "Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 22, 2 
. Eulima polyeyra, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 24, 
. Eulima conica, Sowb. Ibid., f. 44, ; : : ‘ 
. Eulima modicella, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 169, f. 27, 
. Kulima solidula, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang t. 


5) 
| apy (ae : ; P 


: Eulima cuspidata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. ihe f. 17, 2 2 
3. Eulima tortuosa, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 12 : 
. Eulima Adamsi, Sowb. (= nitidula, ia Ad.) Ibid., 


sp. 38, 


. Eulima robusta, i Ad. Specimen, 

. Eulima mundula, A. Ad. Specimen, ‘ 
. Eulima subangulata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Tone bf 1 
. Eulima acuformis, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, xliv, t. 8, fied: 


PLATE 69. 


. Eulima micans, Carp. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 33, . 
. Eulima elodia, Folin (= micans). Méleagrinicoles, t. 


G.t. G, 


. Eulima oracillima, ‘Sowh. Conch. Icon., f. 32, 
. Eulima parva, Sowb. Ibid., f. 41, ; : ‘ E 
. Eulima adamantina, Folin (= parva). Méléagrini- 


coles, t..6, f 25 ; 


. Eulima subrostrata, Sowb. Conch. Icon. ae rea : 
. Eulima gibba, Folin. Méléagrinicoles, t. a f. 4, 
. Eulima oleacea, Kurtz and Stimp. Tryon, Am. Mar. 


Conch., t. 10, f. 124, . 


448 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE, PAGE. 
38. Eulima proca, Folin. Ibid.,t.6,f.3, . : 273 
39. Eulima hastata, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 9, 273 
40. Eulima conoidea, Kurtz and Stimpson. Specimen, 273 
41. EKulima Jamaicensis, Adams. Specimen, . . 218 
42. Eulima iota, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 34, 274 


43, Eulima intermedia, Cantraine. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., 
£227 Nig be Bs tes : 

44, Eulima subearinata, d’ Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, fi. 5, 

45. Eulima polita, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 16, : 

46. Eulima brevis, Requien (= polita, var.). ‘Moll. Rouss., 
Pe Ae ap ae - : : : - 

47. Eulima gracilis (— incurva, Ren. var.), Forbes and 
Hanley. Brit. Moll., t. 92, f. 6, 


48. Eulima distorta, Phil. (= ineurva). Ibid., t. 92, f 4 2 


49. Eulima curva, Jeffreys. B.D. D. Moll. Rouss.,t. 21, f.13, 

50. Eulima elongata, B. D. D. ca curva, var.). Ibid., t. 21, 
Lisl, xe “ : - “ 

51. Eulima distorta, Phil. ee incurva, > var). Sars., Moll. 
Nov., t. V1. 24, 

52. Kulima obtusa, Jeffreys cS compactilis, Monts.). “Zool. 
Proc,., 18es. 4.285760 105. 1 

53. Eulima stalioli, Brusina, ’ Jeffreys, Te fi. ‘98, f BF 

54. Eulima pyriformis, Brugnone. Jeffreys, Ibid.,t. 28, f. 6, 

55. Eulima fuscoapicata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 5, . 

56. Eulima abbreviata, Jeffreys. Ihbid., t. 28, f. 7, 

57. Eulima subumbilicata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 8, 

58. Eulima Paivensis, Watson. Zool. Proc., t. 36, f. 29, 
1873,. 2 ; : 

59. Eulima ’solida, Jeffreys ee Jeffrey sii, Tryon). Zool. 
Proc., t. 28, f.4, 1884. : ; 

60. Eulima minuta, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. ae 1884, 

61. Hulima glabra, Jetfreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 2, 1884, 


62. Eulima acutalis, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., t. 16, 


f. 5, 1883, 


63. Eulima honecnivaa? Jeffreys.  ‘Thid., 6. .1'6, f. 6, 1883, . 2 


64. Eulima Gentilomiana, Issel. Coq. Egypte, t. 3, f. 32, 
PuaTE 70. 
65-67. Eulima varians, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 
Leiostr: ft. 15°). “ 


68. Eulima rutila, Carp. Reeve, Ibid., f 31, 
69. Eulima elegantissima, Folin. Méléagrin., i356, 010, 


70. Eulima bivittata, A. Ad. Conch. Icon. Leiostr., (6 oa 


Tl. Eulima subulata, Donov. Forbes and Hanley, Brit., 


Conch, t..02901Gane ; ; : - 4 22g 
72-74. Eulima bilineata, Alder. Ibid., t. 92, f.10, . . 279 


— 


DO PPO ALOUD MaMa 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 449 


FIGURE. PAGE. 
75. Eulima bifasciata, d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 2, 29 
76. Eulima fulvocincta, CG. Be Ad: Geach. Icon., Leiostr., 

tate y ee 3 3 . 280 
Us Balin vincta, A. rer ‘Thid., f. 20, ; . 280 
78. Eulima Samoensis, Crosse. Jour de Conch., t. 1 is 3, 

1867, P . 280 

79. Eulima ‘unilineata, aes and ae i Gonch: eo licen! 

, traca, f. 4 : : . 280 


80. Eulima stenostoma, Jeffreys. Ibid., fi: wee - : - 282 
81. Eulima recta, C. B. Adams. Ibid. of 3, - : - 280 


82. EKulima acuta, Sowb. Ibid.,f. 7, . : ‘ . 280 
83. Eulima Metealfei, A. Ad. Tbid. ie Bis ‘ ‘ ; . 280 
84. Eulima nivea, A. ‘Ad. iLbid:., f. 16, : : - = 26 
85. Eulima pura, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 17, ‘ oe ate . 281 
86. Eulima pauxillus, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 19, - : 2 20 
87. Eulima Marie, A. Ad. Ibid., f. "oI, ; « 281 


88. Eulima Manzoniana, Issel. Conch. Mar Rosso, t. 2, f. es 281 
89. Eulima acutissima, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Leiostraca, 


£110; , : . . 281 
90. Eulima Lesbia, Angas (= acutissima). Zool. Proc., 
folds VST 1, 2 : . 281 
ok: Eulima distorta, ’Pease Ce Peasei, Try on). Conch. 
Icon. Leiostraca, Ge : : . 281 
92. Eulima acicula, Gould. Ibid., fi: in. : . . 282 
93. Eulima aciculata, Sowb. (= acicula, Gld.). Iconica, 
Kulima, f. 36, . : . 282 
94. Eulima pyramidalis, Sowb. = acicula), Conch. Icon. 
Merestr., f. 13,4. . - . 282 
95. Eulima vitrea, "A. Ad. (= acicula). Iconica, Eulima, 
fe9. ° : : . 282 
96. Eulima Hemphilli, Dall. Specimen, ; . 282 
97. Eulima attenuata, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Eulima, f 46,. 282 
98. Eulima mirifica, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, a t. a if 10, 283 


99. Eulima Holdsworthi, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., oo "f la, 
1874, ‘ : . 283 
100. Eulima ’Giintheri, Angas, Thid., t. a f. 6, 1877, : . 283 
1. Eulima dentiens, ‘Dunker. Specimen, ; eye 
2. Eulima nitidula, ’ Pease. Conch. Icon. Bulima, sig 35, . 284 
3. Eulima subpellucida, Pease. Ibid., f. 20, . . 284 
4. Kulima gracilis, Pease. Am. Jour. Gonch.. = iid, b, 24, f.27, 284 
| 5. Eulima mucronata, Sowb. Conch. Icon., Pa . 284 
| 6. Eulima obesula, ne Ad. Conch. Icon., f. 98, < . 284 
| 7. Eulima rosea, Pease. Conch. Icon. Eulima, f. 39, . 284 

8. Eulima Mindoroensis, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Icon. 
| Rietoss., 1. 12... : é . 285 
9. Eulima Sandvichensis, Sowb. Ibid., fi ‘91, . 284 

29 


450 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
10. Eulima Caledonica, Morelet. Jour. de Conch., t. 12, f.1, 
1881, : - 285 
11. Eulima ‘Pulvesc ens, A. Aa. Conch. Icon. Eulima, is 11, 285 
12. Eulima glabrata, A. Ad. Conch. Icon. Leiostr., f. 19. 286 
13. Eulima subventricosa, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Leiostr., 
feat - 228d 
14. Eulima carinata, Desh. "Moll. Reunion, t. 1, i. 26, - 287 
15. Hulima Montrouzieri, Souverbie. Jour. de Conch. Gat 
9 tS 8 TO : . 286 
16. Eulima Japonica, A. Ad. Conch. ‘Teon., fi 9, 5 . 286 
17. Eulima semistriata, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 20, < . 287 
18. Eulima apiculata, Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., eS 
5, 1877, : ; : : . 287 
19, Eulima Lamberti, Souverbie. Ibid., t. 13, f. 2, 1876, . 287 
20. Eulima Rangii, Folin. Méléagrin, t. 6., f. 1, ° - 287 
PLATE 71. 
21. Niso marmorata, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Niso, f. 5, . 288 
22, 23. Niso interrupta, Sowb. Ibid., f. 8, : . 288 
24. Niso splendidula, Sowb. Ibid.,f.7, . . 5 . 287 
25. Niso brunnea, Sowb. Ibid., f. 9, . ; . . 288 
26. Niso goniostoma, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 2, . 288 
27. Niso terebellum, Chemn. Ibid.,f. 4, . . 288 
28. Niso candidula, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 6, . 288 
29. Niso Sandvichensis, Sowb. Ihid., f. 1& . 288 
30. Niso Hgleés, Bush. Trans. Conn. Acad. svi, th 45, f. 10, 288 
31. Niso imbricata, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Niso, f 3, . 289 
32. Stylifer Turtoni, Brod. .Conch. Icon. Stylifer, f. 1... 289 
33-39. Hoplopteron Terquemi, Fischer. Jour. de Conch., 
t..954. P61 PSG, . 289 
36. Stylifer Turtoni, Brod. Forbes and Hanley, “Beit. 
Conch., t-00;7.55:289,, >. . 289 
3T. Stylifer Spey Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., 
ee 989 
38. Stylifer eeoricalas Brod: Ganch. eon Stylifer, ff cy 290 
39. Stylifer ovoideus, H. and A. Ad. Thid: £3.) . 290 
40. Stylifer Orbignyana, Hupé. Guerin’s Magazine, t. 10, 
Ee la, 1860, : . 290 
41. Stylifer ‘dubia, Baird. Conch. Icon, Stylifer, 1 8, . 290 
42. Stylifer Mittrei, Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, t. of 8, . 290 
43. Stylifer eburneus, Desh. Moll. Reunion, t. 1, 10.20,' .°290 
44, Stylifer apiculatus, Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 3d 
Ser, li, t. 9, 1.90, » 29% 
45. Stylifer corallinus, Chemn. Conch. Icon. Stylifer, f 19, 292 
46. Stylifer py ramidalis, Reeve (= Cumingianus). Ele- 
ments Conch,, i, t. 2.4.56, 7% - : . . 291 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 451 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
47. Stylifer Brazieri, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 12,1877, 291 
48. Stylifer Cumingianus, Adams. Conch. Icon.,f.5, . 291 
49. Stylifer subulatus, Brod. and Sowb. Conch. Icon., 

Stylifer, f.17, -. ; . : : . 201 
50. Stylifer bulbiformis, Sowb. ‘Thid., PES). : aaa 
51. Stylifer Barroni, A. "Ad. Word), fi. Tent te : ‘ woo 
52. Stylifer exaratus, A. Ad. Ibid.,f. 14,. d ; . 291 
53. Stylifer subangulatus, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 13, . . . 292 
54. Stylifer Pauluccie, Fischer. Journ, de Conch., 3 ser., 


wath Uy fad, p . 292 
50. Stylifer attenuatus, Sowb. Conch. Icon. sp. 11, » 292 
56. Stylifer deformis, Pease. Am. Jour. Coneh., ili, t. 24, 

f. 23, . - 292 


57. Stylifer speciosus, H. Aa. Conch. Icon., fi 10, : = 291 
58. Stylifer Thomasiz, Sowb. Ibid., f. 15, : 4 . 292 


59. Stylifer fastigiatus, A. Ad. Ibid., i ig, : : . 292 
60. Stylifer solidus, A. Ad. Ibid.,f.6, . - - ~ 293 
61. Stylifer Tasmanicus, Woods. Specimen, . ‘ . 293 
62. Stylifer Nevilli, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., t. 28, f. 16, 
1868, . ° ° ° ° : : ‘ . 293 
PYRAMIDELLID. 
PLATE 72. 
63, 64. Pyramidella ventricosa, Guerin. Thes. Conch., t 
NG Oo ae , ; . 299 
65. Pyramidella scitula, A. Ad. ee ventricosa). Ibid., t. 
Lil, ft 28,, : : + 299 


66. Pyramidella cincta, Reeve. Ibid., t. 171, f. ae : 2 299 
67. Pyramidella fastigium, A. Ad. Ubid., 6 161, £8, . 300 
68. Pyramidella perforata, A Ads Tbid:, t; L711, £9: - 300 
69. Pyramidella balteata, A. Ad. Ibid.,t. 171,725,  . 300 
10;. Pyramidella pusilla, A. Ad. Ibid.,t.171,f7, . . 300 
71, 72. Pyramidella dolabrata, Linn. Ibid., t.171, f. 2,3,. 300 
73. Pyramidella terebellum, Mull. (— dolabrata, Kass 


Ne ek a ee oe . 300 
14. Pyramidella terebelloides, A. Ad. = dolabrata, var. ). 
tbid., 1715.4. 18, ; . 300 


75. Pyramidella ‘pulchella, A. Ad. Ibid., t. Bil, igh 20, . 301 
76. Pyramidella punctata, Chemn. (— acus). Voy. Astrol., 


(cA an a De . 301 
TT, 18. Pyramidella punctata, Chemn. e& acus, Gmel.). 

Thes:,Coneh., t: Lil, f. 14, 27, ; . 301 
79. Pyramidella sulcata, A. Ad. Ibid., to f. 34, . 301 
80. Pyramidella tessellata, A. Ad. gs suleata). Ibid. th 

Pickty £8;.' : ‘ ; : . 301 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. PAGE, 

81. Pyramidella monilis, A. Ad. (= sulcata). Ibid., t. 
i hy yt oe Hae : : ; . 801 

82. Pyramidella teres, A. Ad. (e2 suleata). oe AM orp | 
ape : . 301 

83. Py ramidella Prattii, Bernardi = suleata). Jour. de 
Conch., 2d ser:, tii, t. 13, £ Bi. . 801 
84. Pyramidella turrita, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 171, f. 11, 301 

85. Pyramidella gracilis, Brocchi (= turrita). Ibid., t. 
171, t4; : : : . 301 

86. Pyramidella Chemnitziana, tae Ad. Reeve, Conch. 
Tcon., f. 34, : : é 302 
Si. by ramidella Garrettii, Try on. Specimen, 302 
88. Pyramidella conica,C. B. Ad. Specimen, : . 302 

89. Pyramidella hastata, A. Ad. (= conica). Conch. 
Icon., f. 26, : Z : . : 302 

PLATE 73. 

90. Pyramidella canaliculata, Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 59, f. 
(Pe ky: eee . 302 

91. Py ramidella clav ulus, A. Ad. ge Achates ,Gld.). Thes. 
Coneh., t. 111,15 Se, + ; - 303 

92. Py ramidella jucunda, Angas. Zool. Proc. ng 26, f 10, 
1877,. - 303 

93. Pyramidella hyalina, Garrett i Paumotensis Try on). 
Proc. Phila. Acad., t. 3, f. 56, 1873, : - 303 

94. Pyramidella mitralis, A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 
f. 20, : . 305 
95. Py ramidella auris- cati, Chemn. Reeve. Tbid., f. 21, 305 
96. Pyramidella nitidula, nd Ad. Reeve, Ibid., f. 35, 304 

97. Pyramidella a A. Aa. (= mitralis), Ibid., 
f. 22, . . . 305 
98. Pyramidella g clans, “Reeve. Ibid. = 18, : : 305 
99. Pyramidella nitida, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 17, : . 305 
100. Pyramidella nodicincta, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 19; 305 

1. Pyramidella vincta, Dall. (= nivea, ‘Morch). Proce. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, t. 10, f. 7, : ; . 304 

2. Pyramidella magnifica, ‘Ads. and Reeve. Voy. Sama- 
rang, t. 10, f. it : . 305 

3. Pyramidella variegata, "A. Ad. (= mitralis). Conch. 
Icon., f. 23, : . 805 
4. Py ramidella corrugata, Lam. Thes. Conch., ‘t. 172 ,£.4, 305 
5. Pyramidella attenuata, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 22, 306 

6. Pyramidella aclis, A. Ad. Sea Adamsi, Tryon). Ibid., 
t. 171, f. 30, : : : : : - 306 
if Pyramidella elegans, A. wa’: Thid., 274, £49, . 306 
8 306 


. Pyramidella fulva, Sowb, Conch. Icon.,f. 42, . . 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 453 
FIGURE. PAGE, 
9. Pyramidella brunnea, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 171, f.35, 306 

10. Pyramidella aciculata, A. Ad. Ibid.,t.171,f.21,  . 306 
11. Pyramidella denticulata, Sowb. (= aciculata). Conch. 

Icon., f. 39, : : : . 306 
i. Py ramidella crocata, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 36, - 307 
13. Pyramidella gracillima, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 44, . 307 
14. Pyramidella cinctella, A. Ads Thidit. 45; = . 307 
15. Pyramidella striatula, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 171, 

£129; . 307 
iG: Py ramidella ornata, Gould. Reeve, Conch. Icon. mS 30, 307 
17. Pyramidella cy lindrella, A. Ad. Reeve, Ibid., f. 37, . 307 
18. Pyramidella vracillima, Smith (= Smithii, ‘Tryon). 

Boole Proce £7)40;-f...17,,1871,° . - . 308 
19. Pyramidella pupina, A. Ad. Conch. Icon., f. 40, . 307 
20. Pyramidella modica, A. Ad. Ibid.,f.41, . : 307 
21. Pyramidella serotina, A. Ad. Ibid., ae bee : . 308 
22. Pyramidella minuta, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., t. 19, 

f. 10, 1869, . 308 
23. Pyramidella subulina, me Ad. Conch. Teon., is 38, - 308 
24. Pyramidella tincta, Angas. Zool Proc.,t. 1, f. 11,1871, 308 
25. Pyramidella hyalina, Dunker. Moll. Jap., t. Le 8, ! 308 
26. Pyramidella solidula, Dunker. Ibid., t. i: i. 5, . 308 

PLATE 74. 

27. Pyramidella australis, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 9, 

1871, c : : : . 309 
28. Py ramidella annulata, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 171, 

f. 26, . 309 
29. Pyramidella ligata, “Angas Zool. Proc. vt. 26, f. it; 1877, 310 
30. Pyramidella subulata, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 172,f, 13, 310 
31. Pyramidella gracilis, A. Ade) Pid. tk 172, Fr, 24; 310 
32. Pyramidella Ruppelli, Jickeli. Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., 

252, . ” 310 
33. Pyramidella eens A: Ad. “Thes. Gencke t. 172, f. 12, 310 
34. Pyramidella aclis, AS Ad. Shad: 112. £ ‘11, Pe be 
35. Pyramidella elongata, Pease. Am, Jour. Conch., ii 

t. 24, f. 22, : : - ; : . 312 
39 a. Pyramidella varicosa, nie Ad. Zool. Proc., 181, t. 20, 

11,1853; 312 
36. Py ramidella grandis, Ads. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang.. 

reg DP ey : . 312 
Oe ramidella Cornelliana, Newcomb. Am. Jour. Conch., 

oes by OR a a . 312 
38. Py ramidella stylina, A. Ad. Ga. typica, Tryon). Thes., 

t. 171, f. 28, : . 312 
39. Pyramidella striata, Gray. Thes. Conch., te 172, f. 18, 313 


454 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
40. Pyramidella aurantiaca, Angas. Zool. Proe., t. 13, f. 
14,1867, . . 313 
AL Py ramidella amoena, A. ‘Ad. Thes. Conch. Hs 172 f.21, 313 
42. Pyramidella fulva, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, £2 Bay ork . 313 
43. Pyramidella oranulata, A. Ad. Ibid. St DTAEEES Oi ole 
44, Pyramidella lauta, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, 208 0% . 313 
45. Pyramidella casta, A. Ad. Ibid. A a ae ee . 314 
46. Pyramidella speciosa, A. Ad. Ibid, 7 sp f. 25, . 314 
47. Pyramidella stylina, A. Ad. Ibid, t. 172, f. 30, . 314 
48. Pyramidella suturalis, A. Ad. Ibid. 5) ts 172, f. 32, . 314 
49. Pyramidella pura, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 172, "f 33, 314 
50. Pyramidella concinna, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 34, . 314 


51. Pyramidella cincta, Carp. Specimen, . . 815 
52-54. Pyramidella spirata, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 172, 
i. 26, 287" \s . 315 
55. Sy rnolopsis lacustris, Smith, Zool. Proc. ie 33, f 21, 
1881, : . 315 


56. Sy molopsis lacustris, Smith. Crosse, Jour. de Conch., 
» 6, LSE, E ° - - : . . 315 


TURBONILLIDA. 


57. Turbonilla elegantissima, Macg. (= lactea, Linn.) 

Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll. t. 93, f. 1, : . 822 
58, 60. Turbonilla fenestrata, Forbes. Ibid., t. 93, f.6, . 325 
59. Turbonilla speciosa, Adams (= Macandreex). Zool. 


Proc: t..19, Li Soon. . 324 
61. Turbonilla Weinkaufii, Dunker. Jour. de Conch. 3 ser, 

Mitte Toy fe ae 325 
62-64. Turbonilla rufescens, Forbes. “Forbes and Hanley, 

Brit. Moll., t. 94, f. 1; t. rr, f. 6, - : . 325 
65. Turbonilla scalaris, Phil. Ibid., t. 94°85 Bes : . 325 
66. Turbonilla formosa, Jeffreys. Ibid. pO Syd. Opes.) eater 
67. Turbonilla internodulosa, Monts. "Jour. de Conch., 

£..35-8. Ly OT: 
68. Turbonilla rufa, Phil. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll, 

£98; £3, . 326 
69, 70. Turbonilla rufa, var. ee falvocineta), Ibid., s 93, 

ee age . 326 


(er ee Turbonilla clathrata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 94, f. i . 827 

73, 74. Turbonilla indistincta, Monts. Ibid., 1: $4,182, . 326 

75. Turbonilla Potamoides, Cantraine (=striatala), Conch. 
Medit., t.6,f.25, . : - : : . 327 


PEATE M IO: 


76. Turbonilla ae (eee ee Brit. Conch., 
v, 76, f. 4 4 . 323 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
"7. Turbonilla Campanelle, Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 9, f. 5, 322 
78. Turbonilla scalaris, Phil. B.D. D. Moll. Hones it. 21, 

a ee : speed 3 - 325 
79. Turbonilla pusilla, Phil. Moll. ails ii, t. 98, f. 21, ae 
80. Turbonilla obliquata, Phil. Ibid., t. 24, £10; 324 
81. Turbonilla gracilis (= delicata). Tbid., t. 24, ieee 323 
82. Turbonilla gradata, Monts. B. D. D. Moll. Rouss., 

bei i 12 : - 323 
83. Turbonilla attenuata, Tetreys. Zool. Proc., sib: 27, f. ri 

1884, : . 323 
84. Turbonilla sinuosa, | Jeffreys. Tbid., t. 27, f, et 1884, 322 

85. Turbonilla acuticostata, Jeffreys. Ibid.,t. 27, f 2 1884, 322 
86, 87. Turbonilia fulgidula, Jeffreys, Ibid.,t. 27, £.3, 1884, 323 
&8. Turbonilla compressa, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 27, f.5, 1884, 324 
89. Turbonilla semicostata, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 27, f. 

7, 1884, : ; ; - . 324 
90. Turbonilla paucistriata, “Jeffreys. ‘Thid.,t. 27, f.6, 1884, 324 
91. Turbonilla densecostata, Phil. B.D.D., Moll. Rouss., 

ee as oe ; é : : : . 326 
92. Turbonilla costifera, Smith. " Zool. Proes t.- 1o 4,0 28; 

1871, ; 3 : - . 327 

93, 94. Turbonilla sigmoidea, Monts. ‘Thid., t. 26,f.9,1884, 327 
95. Turbonilla flexuosa, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 26, f. 10, 1884, 327 
96. Turbonilla Bushiana,Verrill (= magnifica, Seg.). Trans. 

Coun, Acad, v, t..98, 1.16, -.. ; ; ; 322 

97. Turbonilla disculus, Velain. Archiv Zool. Exp., vi, t 

Bs i585 : 5 : : : : 336 

98. Turbonilla Peronii, Weta $id: vi,.t2 5, 95 <: 336 
99. Turbonilla scalaris, Velain (= Velaini, Tryon). Ibid., 

Os eas eae : . 336 

100. Turbonilla venusta, Issel. Savigny, Coq. Egy pte, t. 3, 

f. 34, 7, . 337 
1 Tnurbonilla crystallina, Tssel. Mar. Rosso. t. 1, a 18, . 336 
2. Turbonilla nitidissima, Issel. Ibid., t. 1, f. 1; 337 
3. Turbonilla solidula, Issel. Lbid., tlt. 1, 336 
4. Turbonilla tenuicostata, Issel. Ibid., t. 1, f. 16, . 336 
5. Turbonilla Rathbuni, Verrilland Smith. Trans. Conn. 

MCA. , MW, 6.08, 1; ‘ye 2 : : d - o28 
6. Turbonilla Emertoni, vert, Thid:, vy, 6.258, 0.14. 328 
7. Turbonilla interrupta, Totten. Am. Jour. Sci., 1 ser., 

Sex VUE t 1, : : : : Ba) 
8. Turbonilla elegans, Verrill. Rept. Fish Com., i, t. 

ot, Bs 1, : : : : : . 328 
9. Turbonilla areolata, 4 errill. “Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, 

Lom, f. 13. ; , : . . 328 
10. Turbonilla costulata, Ver rill. Thid., vi, t. 32, f. 12, 329 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


455 


456 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 
FIGURE. - PAGE, 
11. Turbonilla nivea, me aa Gould, Invert., Braet 

602, . : . 328 
12. Turbonilla textilis, Kurtz. Specimen, . 329 
13. Pyramidella Krebsii, Morch. Specimen, . 31] 

PLATE 76. » 

14. Pyramidella elegans, d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 26,. 311 
15. Turbonilla ornata, WOrb. Thid:3t. VG65o- ‘19, : . 330 
16. Turbonilla Americana, d’Orb. Voy. ‘Amer. Merid. ig 

83, 4-49, . 331 
yi Turbonilla ‘modesta, a’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 23, 330 
18. Turbonilla pulchella, d’Orb. Ibid., t. 16, i 15, 330 
19. Turbonilla pusilla, C. B. Ad. Specimen, é 330 
20. Turbonilla turris, d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 11, 330 
21. Turbonilla substriata, C. B. Adams. ‘Specimen, . 330 
22. Turbonilla puncta, C. B. Ad. Specimen, 331 
23. Turbonilla subulata, C. B. Ad. Specimen, 331 
24. Turbonilla flavocincta, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . 331 
25. Turbonilla fasciata, d’Orb. Voy. Amer. Mérid., 

(Osa ire Bai 
26. Turbonilla pupoides. a’Orb. “Moll. Cuba, t. ‘16, f. Sa, ooo 
27. Turbonilla Riisei, Mérech. Specimen, . . 332 
28. Turbonilla dubia, "@’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 4, . 332 
29. Turbonilla cora, d’Orb. Voy. Amer. Mérid. sh 16, iif 8, 332 
30. Turbonilla festiva, Folin. Méléagrin,, t. 5, f, ae . 333 
31. Turbdonilla tenuicula, Gould. Specimen, 333 
32. Turbonilla stylina, Carp. Specimen, : 333 
33. Turbonilla subeuspidata, Carp. Specimen, . 333 
34. Turbonilla torquata, var. stylina. Specimen, . ooo 
35. Turbonilla cingulata, Dkr. Moll. Jap., t. 1, f. 10, Seats 
36. Turbonilla terebra, Dkr. Moll. Jap.,t.1,f.6,  . BE Bs 
37. Turbonilla Philippiana, Dkr. Moll. Jap.,t.1,f. 12, . 335 
38. Turbonilla varicosa, Dkr. Moll. Jap., t. 2, f. 5, 335 
40. Turbonilla Tasmanica, Wood. Specimen, . . 335 
41. Turbonilla nitida, Angas (— Hofmani). Zool. Proc., 

Glo, bee Or, fe . 334 
42. Turbonilla Marie, W oods ee Hofmani). Specimen, . 334 
43. Turbonilla multigyrata, Dunker. Moll. Mar. Jap., t 

Is} figs; se : 335 
44. Turbonilla "Macleay ana, Woods. Specimen, . 334 
45. Turbonilla festiva, Angas. “Zool. Proc.,t. 5, f. 4, ‘181T, 334 
46. Turbonilla fusca, ‘A. Ad. Specimen, : . 334 
47. Turbonilla bifasciata, A. Ad. (= fusca). Specimen, . 334 
48. Turbonilla chrysozona, Martens. Mobius’ Mauritius, 

t: 20,4. 21; : : . : . . . 337 
49, Turbonilla lactea, Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., t. 5, f. 23, . 337 


yy 
ne ae oe 


REFERENCE TO PLATES, 457 


FIGURE. PAGE. 


50. Turbonilia cancellata, d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 1, . 337 
51. Turbonilla laminata, Carp. Specimen, ‘ : . 338 


52. Turbonilla spina, Crosseand Fischer, Jour.de Conch., 
t:.5, 1. 13, 1865}. : : ; ‘ : F . 338 
53. Turbonilla Brazieri, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 5, 


PST, : : : : : . 098 
54. Eulimella obeliscus, Jeftreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d 
BED 1) be 2f.D; : : : : . 340 
55. Bulimella striatula, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 
xvii, t. 2, f. 15, 1856, . 340 
56. Eulimella Macandrei (= Scillze). "Forbes and Hanley, 
Brit. Moll., t. rr, f. 7, : . 339 


57. Eulimella Arabica, Issel. Mar Rosso, t. 2, f. ee oad 
5%. Eulimella compactilis, Jeffreys. Moll. Norv., t. 22, 


fo 155, - ° : - : . 339 
59, 61. Eulimella acicula, Phil. Forbes and Hanley, t. 98, 

fekO;.9,.- a F : ; : : . 340 
60. Eulimella acicula, Phil. ~ Phil. Moll. Sicils 17: 95:1. 6, 

1836, . : : : ; : : . 340 
2. Kulimella affinis, Phil. Forbes and Hanley, t. 98, f. 7, 340 
63. Eulimella Scilla, Scacchi. Ibid., t. 98, f. 6, ae) 
64. Kulimella cingulata, Issel. Savieny, Dese. Egypte, t. 

eenenae, (>). . 339 
65. Eulimella Smithii, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., Ws t. 

See ee les es : : : ; : . 342 


66. Eulimella alba, Calkins. Shells of Florida, t. 8, f. 3, . 343 


Brave, “Oi: 
67. Eulimella polita, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 538, 342 
68. Eulimella lucida, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t. 32, f.3, . . 342 
69. Eulimella charissa, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t. 32, f. 4,. ; O42 


10. Eulimella nitida, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t.32,f.5, . . 342 

11. Eulimella lissa, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t. 32, f. 6, ; . 343 

72. Eulimella prelonga, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 6, 
1884, : = . oAl 


73. Eulimella unifasciata, Forbes. Ibid. t. 26, f. 8, 1884, 342 
74. Eulimella simplex, d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, |i aa 
75. Eulimella Philippii, Dunker. Moll. Japan, t. 2, des <2 SH 
76. Eulimella clavula, Lovén. Moll. Norv.,t. 11, f. 138, . 344 
TT. Eulimella electa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc. t. 44, f. 3, 1883, 344 
78. Eulimella eburnea, eae Am. Mar. Conch., 


IY, 164,. . . - 344 
79. Eulimella nitidissima, Mtg. Forbes and Hanley, t 
S21 gd « aa . 340 


80. Eulimella albula, Moller. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, t. 9, f.4, 344 
81. Eulimella crassa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 7, 1884, 340 


458 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


FIGURE. 


82. 
83. 


CO-T OD 


Eulimella teres, Bush Trans. Conn. Acad., vi 
ES Be Be F é 5 F é i 

Bulistetia Humbolati, Risso: Moll. Roussillon, t. 21, 
fr ON. 


‘ Eulimella sulcata (- (— Humbolati, var.). Thid. it 21, f. 21, 
. Eulimella tuberculata (= Humboldti, var.). Ibid., t. 


AL to: 


. Eulimella sulcata, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vv; t. 


58, Lol, 


. Eulimella albula, Auct. (2 striatula). Gould’s Invert. 


Mass., p. 333, 


. Odostomia plicata, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, ‘Brit. 


Moll. ;t: 98). f-4, 


. Odostomia Eulimoides, Hanley pl pallida). Ibid. vt. 


ee a 


; @destouna sublonga, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., an 26, ¢ g. 


1884, 


. Odostomia insculpta, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, 


t, Joya G. 


. Odostomia umbilicaris, Malm. Tetfreys, Brit. Conch., 


be Toy dette 


: Odostomia Michaelis, Brugnone. Misc., ii, ae zs 33, 
. Odostomia Rissoides, Hanley. Forbes and. ‘Hanley, t. 


96, fi 4, . . 


. Odostomia nitida, Alder. Ibid., t. 94, f 6, 
. Odostomia glabrata, Forbes and Hanley. Bait. Moll., 


t/ 93,5. Bs, 


: Odostomia Lukisi, ‘Jeffreys. "Brit. Conch., 7 (1a f. he 2 
. Odostomia unidentata, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, t. 


OS) Nea. 


. Odostomia turrita, Hanley. Forbes and Hanley, 


£.°95.-1218, 


‘ Odostorin ’Monterosati, EB: D. D. Moll. Roussillon, 


#,,19, 46, 


. Odostomia acuta, Jeffreys. Brit. ‘Conch., t. "13, f. 8, 
. Odostomia tenuis, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. a 


1884, 


. Odostomia albella, Loven. " Forbes and Hanley, t 


96.1.5; 


. Odostomia sulcifera, Smith Fool. Proc., t. io; £ 19, 


1871, 


. Odostomia conspicua, Alder. Forbes and Hanley, 


t. 95, f..G. 


: Odostomin conoidea, Broce Tha. t. ga; f. 4, 
. Odostomia decussata, Mont. Ibid. t. ats f. 6, 
. Odostomia eximia, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 90, f. e 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 459 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
9. Odostomia diaphana, Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., t. 74, f.5, 350 
10. Odostomia obliqua, Alder. Forbes and Hanley,t. 96, f.1, 350 
11. Odostomia Warreni, Thompson.  Ibid., t. 96, f. 2, >» B50 
12. Odostomia Warreni, Thompson. Ibid., t. 96, f. 3, . 350 

13. Odostomia neglecta, Tiberi. Jour. de Conch., t. 5, f. 2, 
1868, “ ° ; é - . 390 
14. Odostomia bulimoides, Brugnone. Mise. is fln; . 852 
15. Odostomia nitens, Jetireys. Zool. Proc 6) 26. £5) 1384. shi 

16. Odostomia interstincta, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, t. 
rice ey ; : : . 363 

We satan Migilensinda: Bicenes Jour. de Conch., t. 
Gato 1S65,0° «; ; - : ; : : . 353 

PLATE 78. 

18. Odostomia monozona, Brusina. B. D. D., Moll. Rous- 
sillon, t: 20, 1.13, ~ . 5 : ; : . 354 
19. Odostomia Jeffreysii, B. D. D. Ibid., t::20,f. 9, < . 354 
20. Odostomia flexicosta, Bp? clbid.. t; 20,2, 10: . 354 
21. Odostomia striata, Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 10, f. 8, yaDe 

22. Odostomia emaciata, Brusina. Moll. Roussillon, t. 20, 
a ae ‘ : : : ; : . 893 

23. Odostomia brevicula, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 
t. 16, f. 4, 1883, - : : . 304 

24, Odostomia turbonilloides, Brusina. BD. “Moll. 
Roussillon, t. 20, f. 4, . 355 
25. Odostomia Penchynati, 633 1D: D Ibid. arte 20, ff. 1 . 304 

26. Odostomia doliiformis, Jeffreys. Forbes and Hanley, 
Brit. Moll., t. 97, f. 5, F , sol 

27. Odostomia doliolum, Phil. B.D. D. 5 Moll. Roussillon, 
ce Un es : . 305 

28. Odostomia doliolum, var. eylindriea, B. BD. D. Tbid., 
o. 19) £21, 355 
29. Odostomia canaliculata, Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 98 f. 19, 336 

30. coe tricincta, Jetlrey s. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xvii, 
2,113, L856, : : : : : 5.800 

31. ieee eXcav ata, Phil. B.D. D., Moll. Roussillon, 
t, 19, £17, tet) ee ee pena GG 

32. Odostomia epuralie Mont. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. 
Molle.t.97, £52, : . 854 

33. Odostomia impressa, Say. Try on’s Am. Mar. Conch., 
£510, f. 121, : . 396 
34. Odostomia granatina, Dall. Specimen, : . 356 

35. Odostomia seminuda, Ads. Tryon’s Am. Mar. Conch., 
ts 10; f. 120; : : . 857 
36. Odostomia trifida, Totten. Ibid., t. 10, f. 119, : . 356 
37. Odostomia marginata, Cailliaud. Cat. Moll., t. 3, f. 3, 356 


460 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 


38. Odostomia bisuturalis, Say. Tryon’s Am. Mar. Conch., 
PlO of. Ayhes : : , : : : 

39. Odostomia modesta, Stimpson. Tbid:, t::10, f. 17; 

40. Odostomia dealbata, Stimpson. Ibid., t. 10, f. 116, 

41. Odostomia fusea, Ads. Ibid., t. 10, f. 115, ‘ ; 

42. Odostomia cedrosa, Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, t. 10, 


tally : ‘ i 
43. Odostomia producta, Ads. Tryon’s Am. Mar. pee, 
t:710,4f. 4s - 


44. Odostomia levigata. Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, £7 i 
45. Odostomia inflata, Carp. Specimen, 

46. Odostomia mucitormis, Carp. Specimen, 

47. Odostomia straminea, Carp. Specimen, 

48. Odostomia satura, Carp. Specimen, 


49. Odostomia tenuisculpta, Carp., var. incisa. Specimen, : 


50. Odostoma densecostata, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., 


t..8, f. 42, 1873, ‘ : ‘ : 
51. Odostomia interstriata, Souv erb. "Jour, de Conch., t. 
9, f. 6, 1866, : ig Os 
52. Odostomia amanda, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., 
5 fn ie Re Kol (s 
52 a. Odostomia puncturata, Smith. “Zool. Proc., t. “45, f. 
10, 1871, : ‘ 
PLATE 79. 
53. Odostomia pulchra, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad.,t. 3, 


f. 48, 1873, : 
54. Odostomia sulcata, Garrett. ‘Thid., t. 3, 115 
55. Odostomia obeliscus, Garrett. Ibid. sis 
56. Odostomia vitrea, Garrett. Ibid ie 3, f.\b2; 
57. Odostomia exilis, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, va 43, 
58. Odostomia densestriata, Garrett. Thi. eiiowle 44, 
59. Odostomia oryza, Garrett. Idid., t. 3, f. 45, 
60. Odostomia crystallina, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, "f, 49, 
61. Odostomia lutea, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 50, 
62. Odostomia unilineata, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 53, 
63. Odostomia cuspidata, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3,54, . ; 
64. Odostomia aciculina, Souverb. Journ. de Conch., t. 5, 
f. 2, 1865, ‘ : : : 
65. Odostomia pupeformis, ‘Sonyerh. iad t: bef 4 S65- 
66. Odostomia Kreffti, Angas. Zool. Proc., t, 13, f. 13,1867, 
67. Odostomia levis, "Angas. Lbid., ...13, 1. 105 b867, 
68. Odostomia lactea, Angas (= Angasi, Tryon). Ibid., 
ba 13 te Tse. 
69. Odostomia bulimoides, Souverb. Journ. de Conch., 
5, f. 3, 1865, : : ; : : : 4 


46, 
f. 51, 


PAGE, 


REFERENCE TO PLATES. 461 


FIGURE. PAGE, 
70. Odostomia Pascoei, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 13, f. 12, 

1867, . . : A - - . 362 
vk. Odostomia simplex, Angas. ‘Ibid., traletelOs Sieh 9 5°363 
72. Odostomia gracilis, Angas (= Vincentina, Tryon), 


Ehid., t..54, 1.9, 1878, . . 362 
73. Odostomia striata, Pease. Am. Journ. Conch , i, t. 
Pat. LG. 2 . 363 


74. Odostomia polita, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, ig 11, F . 363 
75. Odostomia rubra, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, f.18, . sob 
76. Odostomia rosacea, Pease. Ibid., ili, t. 24, £.19,. . 363 
77. Odostomia gracilis, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, f. 20, . 863 
78. Odostomia Tasmanica, Woods. Specimen. 

79. Odostomia debilis, Pease. Am. Journ. Conch., iii, t. 


Beigel. “. : : $ A : sod 
80. Odostomia lactea, Dunker. Moll. dapat; tr Qofe4ds es, 364 
81. Odostomia fasciata, Dunker. Ibid., t. ee 2, : ous 
82. Odostomia carinata, AG AG uel. ee t: 23; f, 4, 

1873, . é eae 


83. Odostomia costulata, Dunker, Moll. Japon., t. 2, fe 15, 364 
84. Odostomia clysmatica, Issel. Savigny Desc. Egypte, 

feed pls O65. “ : : ; : : . 364 
85. Odostomia decorata, Phil. Ibid., t. 3, f. 38, - . 364 
86. Odostomia craticulata, Fesek. Sbid)., t: 35,1. 395.2 . 364 
87. Odostomia Sueziensis, Issel. Conch. Mar. Rosso., t. 2, 

Sa eee : : : : : . 365 
88. Odostomia solidula, Phil. UDI .2,50.. 25. - . 365 


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NATICIDA:. 


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a adel 


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+4 ——em ram metanenscsli 


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NATICIDA. 


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NATICIDA:. 


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NATICID~2, > 


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NATICIDA:. 


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PLATE 22 


PLATE 23 


NATICID#. 


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PLATE 24 


whi 


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NATICID2. 


PLATE 27. 


PLATE 28. 


-NATICIDZ. 


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PLATE 31 


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= 


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CALYPTRAIDZ. 


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CALYPTRAID~. 


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PLATE 39 


CALYPTRASIDZ. 


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PLATE 40 


CALYPTRAIDZ. 


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41 


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PLATE 45 


XENOPHORIDA 


— 


PLATE 46 


XENOPHORID 


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XENOPHORIDZA 


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PLATE 48 


VERMETID. 


PLATE 49 


VERMETID. 


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PLATE 50 


VERMETID:. 


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VERMETID2. 


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PLATE 56 


VERMETID~. 


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VERMETIDZ2. 


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N 


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TURRITELLIDZ. 


PLATE 63 


TURRITELLIDZ. 


PLATE 64 


TURRITELLID. 


PLATE 65 


TURRITELLID. 


~ 


PLATE 66 


CACIDZA. 


uly 


‘a 


Sa, 


tus 
hy, Wess 


SAN i ae 


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PLATE 67 


Rat See xe ; et : : nas ‘ 
; eden eee cm eriene mre 
a rR ea eH SE 


Tate EDI 


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CAECID. 


PLATE 68 


EULIMIDZ. 


4 


PLATE 69 


EULIMID&. 


PLATE 70 


. EULIMID&. 
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EULIMID~. 


PYRAMIDELLID~. 


PLATE 73 


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PYRAMIDELLID&. TURBONILLID-#. PLATE 74 


y 


PLATE, 75 


TURBONILLIDA., 


PLATE 76 


TURBONILLID&. 


ore 


ay 


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\ 


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PLATE 77 


TURBONILLIDZ., 


| 


2 


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TURBONILLID. PLATE 78 


a ih * 
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unt 
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ib . 
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TURBONILLID. 


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